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SCRIBNER’S

STATISTICAL

ATLAS

OF TH E

l

U N I T E D STATES

SCRIBNERS

St a t is t ic a l A t l a s
OF TH E

UNITED STATES
SH O W IN G

BY

GRAPHIC METHODS
T H E IR

PRESENT CONDITION
AND

T H E IR

P O L I T I C A L , S O C I A L AND

I NDUSTRI AL

DE VEL OP ME NT
BY

FLETCHER W. HEWES
AND

HENRY GANNETT
C hief G eographer of th e U n ited S t a te s G eological S urvey .
of th e

F ormerly G eographer

T en th C ensus of th e U nited S tates

■ «>
.

NEW YORK

CHARLES
743

S C R I B N E R ’S
AND

745

BROADW AY

SONS

/

<

46852
C opyright ,

1883,
B y C harles S cribner ’s Sons.

K

Struthers, Servoss & Co.,
Engravers,
Nos. 32 and 34 Frankfort Street, New York.

J. J. Little & Co,,
Printers,
Nos. 10 to 20 Astor Place, New York.

Haddon & Co.,
Binders,
Nos. 139 to 143 Centre Street, >3

THIS WORK IS DEDICATED, BY PERMISSION, TO

FRANCIS A. WALKER, Ph.D., LL.D
PRESIDENT

O F THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE

OF TECHNOLOGY.

LATE SUPERINTENDENT

OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS

TO WHOM THE COUNTRY IS CHIEFLY INDEBTED FOR A THOROUGH KNOWLEDGE OF ITS
PRESENT CONDITION AND RESOURCES

t*

PREFACE.
T

he

study of statistics, with the means ordinarily at command, is a dry and difficult one.

It should not, there­

fore, be a matter of surprise that comparatively little information regarding the condition and resources of a country, is
to be found among its people.

Such information is, for the most part, hidden away in long and forbidding columns of

ligures, and dispersed through many volumes more or less inaccessible.
1;o

To group the various classes of facts, and

determine their bearings one upon another, is, with raw statistics, a formidable task.
Let these facts be expressed not alone in figures, but graphically, by means of maps and diagrams, appealing to a

quick sense of form and color and “ clothing the dry bones of statistics in flesh and blood,” and their study becomes a
delight rather than a task. ' The density of settlement, the illiteracy of the people, the wealth or poverty of different
sections, and many other features of great importance, hitherto but vaguely comprehended, are made to appear at a
glance, and are so vividly impressed as not to be easily forgotten.

By such aids not only the statistician and political

economist, but the masses of the people, who make public sentiment and shape public policy, may acquire that
knowledge of the country and its resources which is essential to intelligent and successful government.
It is the aim of this work to bring together and to present by graphic methods, all the leading statistical facts
regarding the physical, social, industrial, commercial and political conditions of the United States.

It portrays the

physical features of the country, which more or less determine its development; the political history of the nation, the
succession of parties and the ideas for which they existed; and the progress of settlement, from the eastern seaboard,
across the Appalachians, throughout the valley of the Mississippi, and beyond the barriers of the Cordilleras.

It

treats of the population, its varieties of race and nativity, its educational and religious condition, its occupations,
and its mortality.

Passing to the industries, it exhibits the great leading branches, agriculture, manufactures, mining,

trade and transportation.

Under the head of Finance and Commerce, it pictures the wealth of the country,

its public debt and taxation, its foreign commerce and carrying trade, its expenditures and its sources of revenue—thus
presenting to the comprehension of all, the balance sheet of the General Government.
The work closes fittingly
with a series of diagrams which summarize and bring together for comparison, the leading facts previously developed.
In the belief that the simpler methods of illustration are, as a rule, the most effective, care has been taken to avoid
over-elaboration.

By the use of different shades of color, the maps are made to present a bird’s-eye view of the various

classes of facts, as related either to area or to population.
comparisons are shown by extent in one dimension only.

The diagrams are all of the simple linear character, in which
Of the many kinds of diagrams hitherto used in the illustration

of statistical facts, this form is at once the simplest and the most effective.
The maps of the United States employed, are of three sizes: A folio map, in which the county is the unit of
comparison; a state map, covering half a page, the data for which were first plotted by counties on the larger map
and transferred, with such modifications as the reduction required ; and a miniature map, for representing the

PREFACE.
averages of states only.

On the folio maps each county is numbered, and its name may readily be determined by the

aid of the Index to Counties.

The names of territories are italicized throughout the plates, to distinguish them from the

names of states.
While this Atlas is the joint production of Mr. Fletcher W. Hewes and Mr. Henry Gannett, to the former is due
the inception of the enterprise, its general plan, the preparation of the material, and the execution of nearly all the plates.
To his arduous labors and painstaking accuracy, the Atlas itself bears abundant testimony.

Later Mr. Gannett was

associated with the work, and to him have fallen the important tasks of writing the text, of revising and editing
the plates, and of adding those relating to physical geography—duties for which he was amply qualified, by long
experience as a statistician and by close familiarity with the work of the Census Bureau and of the Geological Survey.
The material here presented has been drawn from many sources.

First in importance should be mentioned the

reports of the Tenth Census and of earlier ones, which have furnished the data for much the greater part of the work.

The

reports of the Bureau of Statistics and of Education, and the finance reports of the Treasury Department, have been laid
under heavy contribution; and much valuable matter has been taken, by permission of the authors, from Spofford’s
American Almanac, Poor s Manual o f Railroads., and Meechs Systems and Tables o f Life Insurance.

Special acknowledg­

ment is due also to state geologists and mining engineers, for assistance in the preparation of the maps showing the
distribution of mineral deposits; to Secretaries of State and other state officials, for data concerning election returns
and the population of cities; to W. H. De Puy, D.D., for the compilation of statistics of church membership, and tc
Alexander Johnston, A.M., Professor of Jurisprudence and Political Economy, College of New Jersey, for a careful
revision of the political charts.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Pages xi—xviii

index to Counties

I — PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
Descriptive T e x t........................................... Pages xix—xxiv

Annual Temperature.

Hypsometric S ke tch ........ Plate 3

Topographic Map of the United S ta tes.............. Plate 1

Rain-Fall, Spring and S um m er; A n n u a l.............. Plate 4

Temperature January; J u ly .....................................Plate 2

Drainage.

Forestry....................................................Plate 5

II— POLITICAL HISTORY.
Descriptive T e xt............................................. Pages xxv—xxx

Presidential Elections, 1860—1868.......................... Plate 9

Supremacy of Parties.

Historical Synopsis.......... Plate 6

Presidential Elections, 1872—1880........................ Plate 10

Presidential Elections, 1789—1856....................Plates 7—8

Presidential Elections, by Counties, 1880.......... Plate 11

III.— PROGRESS.
Descriptive T e x t.............................

Pages xxxi—xl

Rank of States, 1790—1880

. . . . Plate 18

Original Grants. Area in 1776...

........ Plate 12

Growth of S ta tes................

Plates 19—20

Area and Settlement, 1790—1880

.Plates 13—17

Rank of Cities, 1790—1880

. . . . Plate 21

IV.— POPULATION.
Descriptive T e xt................................................ Pages xli—lii

Norwegians and Swedes.

Average Density..................................

French.

Plate 22

S c o tc h ...

Im m igration............................

. . . . Plate 28
___ Plate 29

Distribution of Sexes................................................. Plate 23

Nativities in Principal C ities. ...............

Plates 30—31

Colored.

F o re ig n ........................................... Plates 24—25

Selected Classes, by States................

Plates 32—33

Germans.

Irish .......... ................................................Plate 26

Inter-State M igration .............................

Plates 34—37
Plates 38—39

English and Welsh.

British Am ericans............... Plate 27

Defective, Dependent and Delinquent

V.— MORTALITY.
Descriptive T e x t.........................................
Deaths, Under 1 Year; Under 5 Years

Pages liii—Ivi

Diphtheria.

. . . . Plate 40

Fevers.

Respiratory System.

C onsum ption. . . .

. . . . Plate 41

Expectation of Life.

Diarrhoeal Diseases..

.. .. Plate 42

Nervous System.

Digestive System..............

. . . . Plate 43

Measles

Plates 44—
45

Death R a t e . . . .

. . . . Plate 46

Life Insurance Experience..................

Plates 47—
49

W hooping Cough.

VI.— EDUCATION.
. . . . Plate 54

Plates 50—51

Universities and C olleges..............
Normal and Intermediate Schools

Plates 52—53

Schools for Special In struction..

Plates 56—57

Descriptive Text

Pages Ivii—lx

illiteracy..............
Public Schools.

. . . . Plate 55

VII.— RELIGION.
Descriptive T e x t...............................................Pages Ixi—Ixiv
Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian............................ Plate 58
Lutheran, Christian, Congregational, Episcopal, Plate 59

Brethren, Reformed, Evangelical, Friends, Mor­
mons, E tc ........................................................... Plate 60
Universalist, Unitarian, Moravian, Etc. Summary, Plate 61

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

X

VIII— OCCUPATIONS.
Descriptive Text.......................................... .Pages ixv—Ixviii

Professional and Personal Services..

. . . . Plate 65

Total Persons Occupied. Total Males................ Plate 62

Trade and Transportation.....................

. . . . Plate 66

Total Females.

Increase in O ccupations.......... Plate 63

Manufactures, Mechanics and M ining

. . . . Plate 67

Persons Occupied in A griculture.........................Plate 64

Selected Occupations, by S t a t e s . . . . ,

Plates 68—69

IX — FINANCE AND COMMERCE.
Descriptive T e x t.................................

. . . . Pages Ixix—Ixxx

Internal Revenue......................................................... Plate 82

True Valuation, 1850—1880.............................. Plates 70—71

Analysis of Expenditures, 1789—1880.....................Plate 83

Assessed V aluation..................................................... Plate 72

Receipts and Expenditures, per Capita............ Plate 84

Taxation, Compared with Valuation.........................Plate 73

Postal Service. Rates of Postage, 1789—1880, Plates 85—86

Taxation, per C apita...................................................Plate 74

Coinage, 1793—1880......................................... Plates 87—88

State and Local Debt.

Banking. Clearing-House Transactions, Etc. Plates 89—90

Municipal D e b t... Plates 75—76

Analysis of State and Local D e b t...................... Plate 77

Exports, 1790—1880............

National Debt, 1790-1880......................................... Plate 78

Analysis of Exports and Im ports............................. Plate 92

Government Loans, 1777—1 8 8 0 .............................Plate 79

Imports, 1789—1880.................................................... Plate 93

Receipts and Expenditures, 1789—1 8 8 0 . . . . . . . . Plate 80

Balance of Trade.

Analysis of Receipts, 1789—1880............................. Plate 81

Carrying Trade, 1821—1880..............

Plate 91

T a riff........................................ Plate 94
Plate 95

X.-AGRICULTURE.
Descriptive T e x t............................ . . . . Pages Ixxxi—Ixxxviii
Improved L a n d .............................

Buckwheat.

Corn, Product; Yield per Acre. .................. Plates 97—98

Orchard Products.

Wheat, Product; Yield per Acre ................ Plates 99—100

Sugar.

Molasses.............. ...................................... Plate 108

Oats, Product; Yield per A cre .. .............. Plates 101—102

Cotton.

T o b a cco ........ ..................................Plates 109—110

Barley.

Rye.............................................................Plate
Hay.

103

Potatoes.......................Plates 104—105
Rice.

H o p s............... Plates 106—107

XL— LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS.
Descriptive T e x t........

Horses. Mules and

Asses.

Cattle on F a rm s ... .

.........................Plate 111

Total Stock on Farms.

Swine on F a rm s .. ..

.........................Plate 112

Milk.

Butter.

S h e e p ................... Plate

113

W o o l . . . . .......... Plates 114—115

C heese.................. ............Plates 116—117

XII.— MANUFACTURES.
Descriptive T e xt...................... ........................ Pages xciii—c

Slaughtering. Boots and Shoes. Leather, Plates 127—128

Total Manufactures................................................... Plate 118

Lumber.

Flouring and G rist-M ills........................................... Plate 119

Ship Building.

Iron and S te e l......................... ........... . . . . P l a t e s 120—122

Paper.

Specific Cotton Goods.

Cheese and Butter.

Mixed Textiles.
Dyeing.

Silk.

Woolen Goods, Plates 123—124
Worsted G oods............ Plate 125

Hosiery and Knit Goods.

C arpets.. Plate 126

Agricultural Im p le m e n ts.....................Plate

129

C hem icals................................... Plate

130

Brick and T ile ......................................... Plate

131

Glass...................................Plate

132

Selected Industries, by States; by Cities, Plates 133—136
Steam and Water P ow er................. . . . . . P l a t e s 137—138

XIII— MISCELLANEOUS.
Descriptive T e xt................

.Pages ci—cxii

T ra nsportation................................................ Plates 145—146

Gold.

Silver.

Plates 139—140

Railways.

Coal.

Iron.

Salt

Plates 141—142

Newspapers and P eriodicals.......... ..........Plates 148—149

Fisheries.............................

Plates 143—144

General Summary, by Totals; by Ratios, Plates 150—151

C o p p e r ..
Lead.

General Index

Land Grants........ ................................ Plate 147

Pages cxiii—cxx

Index to C ounties.
The numbers in the double Index (.Alphabetical and Num erical') refer to corresponding mimbers on the large maps.

The Alphabetical Index should be used to

locate a County whose name is known ; the N um erical Index, to identify a County by its number.

ALABAMA.
Alphabetical.
Autauga................... 39
B ald w in................... 66
Barbour.................... 57
B ib b .............................32
B lou n t...................... 14
B u llo c k ................... 50
Butler........................ 54
Calhoun.................... 22
C h am b ers............... 36
Cherokee................. 16
Chilton..................... 33
C h o cta w .................. 42
C la rk e ...................... 52
C la y .......................... 28
C leburne................ 23
C o ffe e ...................... 60
Colbert.....................
5
C o n ec u h .................. 58
C o o s a ....................... 34
C ovington.................. 59
Crenshaw................. 55
C u llm an ................... 13
D a le ......................... 61
D a lla s ...................... 44
De K a lb .................. 10
Elmore..................... 40
E sca m b ia ............... 63
E to w a h .................... 15
Fayette...................... 18
F ra n k lin .................. 6
G e n e v a .................... 64
Greene...................... 30
H ale.......................... 31
H e n r y ...................... 62
J a c k s o n .................. 4
Jefferson................... 20
L a m a r ..................... 17
Lauderdale..............
x
Lawrence.................
7
L e e ............................ 41
Lim estone................ 2
Lowndes.................. 45
M aco n ..................... 47
Madison................... 3
Marengo................... 43
M arion..................... 11
Marshall................... 9
M obile........................ 65
M on ro e................... 53
M ontgomery.......... 46
M organ...................
8
P e rry .......................... 38
P ic k e n s.................
24
P ik e .......................... 56
R a n d o lp h ............... 29
Russell...................... 48
Saint Clair............... 21
Shelby...................... 26
Sumter...................... 37
T a lla d e g a ............... 27
T a lla p o o sa ............. 35
Tuscaloosa.............. 25
Walker...................... 19
Washington............. 51
W ilc o x .................... 49
Winston................... 12

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.

Numerical.
Lauderdale.
Limestone.
Madison.
Jackson.
Colbert.
Franklin.
Lawrence.
Morgan.
Marshall.
De Kalb.
Marion.
Winston.
Cullman.
Blount.
Etowah.
Cherokee.
Lamar.
Fayette.
Walker.
Jefferson.
Saint Clair.
Calhoun.
Cleburne.
Pickens.
Tuscaloosa.
Shelby.
Talladega.
Clay.
Randolph.
Greene.
Hale.
Bibb.
Chilton.
Coosa.
Tallapoosa.
Chambers.
Sumter.
Perry.
Autauga.
Elmore.
Lee.
Choctaw.
Marengo.
Dallas.
Lowndes.
Montgomery.
Macon.
Russell.
Wilcox.
Bullock.
Washington.
Clarke.
Monroe.
Butler.
Crenshaw.
Pike.
Barbour.
Conecuh.
Covington.
Coffee.
Dale.
Henry.
Escambia.
Geneva.
Mobile.
Baldwin.

ARIZONA.
Alphabetical.
A p a c h e ...................
Maricopa.................
M oh ave...................
Pima.........................
P in a l........................
Y avapai....................
Y u m a ....................

3
5
1
7
6
2
4

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Numerical.
Mohave.
Yavapai.
Apache.
Yuma.
Maricopa.
Pinal.
Pima.

ARKANSAS.

Alphabetical.
Arkansas................. 49
A sh ley . . . .
74
Baxter......................
5
I
Benton.....................
Boone .....................
3
68
B rad ley .................
Calhoun................. 67
2
C a rr o ll..................
70
C h ico t...................
C la rk ...................... 57
8
C la y ..................... ..
Columbia............... 72
Conw ay.................
30
18
Craighead. . . . . . .
Crawford............... 20
Crittenden............. 35
C ro ss.....................
34
D a lla s...................
58
6l
D esh a....................
D o rse y .................. 59
D r e w ..................... 69
F a u lk n e r..............
3i
F ra n k lin ............... 21
6
F u lto n ...................
Garland.................
47
Grant...................... 54
G reene................... 17
H em p stead.......... 64
H ot S p rin g s......... 53
H o w a rd ................ 5 i
Independence.. . .
25
14
Izard .....................
26
Jackson.................
Jefferson............... 55
22
Johnson---- . . . . .
L a F a y e t t e .....
71
Lawrence............... 16
L e e .........................
44
L in c o ln ................. 60
Little River........... 62
Logan ...................
29
Lonoke ................. 41
IO
Madison ...............
Marion...................
4
M iller..................... • 63
M ississippi............ 19
M on roe.................
43
Montgomery......... . 46
Nevada .................
65
N ew ton .................
O uachita............... . 66
P e rry .....................
39
P h illip s................. • 5 °
P ik e ....................... • 5 2
Poinsett................. • 27
P o lk ....................... • 45
P o p e ..................... • 23
Prairie................... . 42
P u la sk i................. . 40
R an d o lp h ............. • 7
Saint F r a n c is .... • 36
Saline..................... . 48
S c o t t ..................... • 37
S e a rcy ........ ..........
Sebastian............... . 28
Sevier..................... • 56
Sharp..................... • i 5
Ston e..................... • 13
U n io n ................... • 73
Van Buren............. . 24
W ashington.......... • 9
W h ite.................... • 32
Woodruff............... • 33
Y e l l ....................... • 38

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
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14.
15.
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17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.

Numerical.
Benton.
Carroll.
Boone.
Marion.
Baxter.
Fulton.
Randolph.
Clay.
Washington.
Madison.
Newton.
Searcy.
Stone.
Izard.
Sharp.
Lawrence.
Greene.
Craighead.
Mississippi.
Crawford.
Franklin.
Johnson.
Pope.
Van Buren.
Independence
Jackson.
Poinsett.
Sebastian.
Logan.
Conway.
Faulkner.
White.
Woodruff.
Cross.
Crittenden.
Saint Francis.
Scott.
Y ell.
Perry.
Pulaski.
Lonoke.
Prairie.
Monroe.
Lee.
Polk.
Montgomery.
Garland.
Saline.
Arkansas.
Phillips.
Howard.
Pike.
H ot Springs.
Grant.
Jefferson.
Sevier.
Clark.
Dallas.
Dorsey.
Lincoln.
Desha.
Little River.
Miller.
Hempstead.
Nevada.
Ouachita.
Calhoun.
Bradley.
Drew.
Chicot.
L a Fayette.
Columbia.
Union.
Ashley.

CALIFORNIA.
Alphabetical.
A la m ed a .................
A lp in e .....................
A m ador...................
Butte . ....................
Calaveras........ . . .
C o lu sa ......................
Contra C osta...........
Del Norte ...............
E l Dorado...............
F re sn o .....................
H um boldt.........—
In y o .........................
K e r n ........................
L a k e ........................
Lassen — .............
Los A n geles...........
M arin.......................
M ariposa.................
M endocino.............
M e rc e d ...................
M o d o c ....................
M ono........................
M onterey.................
N a p a ........................
Nevada ...................
Placer ......................
Plum as.....................
Sacramento.............
San B en ito.............
San Bernardino. . .
San D ieg o ...............
San Francisco.........
San Joaquin...........
San Luis O bispo..
San Mateo...............
Santa Barbara........
Santa C lara.............
Santa Cruz ...........
S h a sta ......................
Sierra .......................
S is k iy o u ..................
Solan o......................
Sonom a...................
Stanislaus...............
Sutter.......................
Teham a...................
T rin ity.....................
T u la r e .....................
Tuolum ne...............
V en tura...................
Y o lo ................. . . .
Y u b a ........................

34
27
26
12

3°
II
28
I
23
42
4
43
47
14

7
5i
24
36
IO

39
3
32

44
20
17
18
9
22
41
48
S2

33
29
46

37
49
38
40
6

13
2
25
19

35
15
8

5
45
3i
5°
21
16

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23,
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.

Numerical.
Del Norte.
Siskiyou.
Modoc.
Humboldt.
Trinity.
Shasta.
Lassen.
Tehama.
Plumas.
Mendocino.
Colusa.
Butte.
Sierra.
Lake.
Sutter.
Yuba.
Nevada.
Placer.
Sonoma.
Napa.
Yolo.
Sacramento.
E l Dorado.
Marin.
Solano.
Amador.
Alpine.
Contra Costa.
San Joaquin.
Calaveras.
Tuolumne.
Mono.
San Francisco.
Alameda.
Stanislaus.
Mariposa.
San Mateo.
Santa Clara.
Merced.
Santa Cruz.
San Benito.
Fresno.
Inyo.
Monterey.
Tulare.
San Luis Obispo.
Kern.
San Bernardino.
Santa Barbara.
Ventura.
Los Angeles.
San Diego.

C O LO R A D O ,
Alphabetical.
A rapahoe.................
Bent..................... ...
B ou ld er...................
Chaffee ...................
Clear Creek.............
C onejos...................
C o stilla ...................
C u s te r ......................
D ouglas...................
E lb e r t .....................
E lp aso.....................
Fremont...................
Gilpin ......................
G r a n d .....................
G u n n iso n ...............
H insdale.................
H uerfano................
Jefferson.................
L a k e .........................
L a P lata.................

10
24
5
16
8

3°
28
22
13
14

17
18

6
2
15
20
29
9

II
26

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

Numerical.
Routt.
Grand.
Larimer.
Weld.
Boulder.
Gilpin.
Summit.
Clear Creek.
Jefferson.
Arapahoe.
Lake.
Park.
Douglas.
Elbert.
Gunnison.
Chaffee.
Elpaso.
Fremont.
Ouray.
Hinsdale.

C O L O R A D O —Continued.
Alphabetical.
Larim er....................
Las Anim as.............
Ouray, i .................
P a rk ..............
P ueblo.....................
R io Grande...........
R o u tt......................
Saguache.................
San Ju an ...............
Summit...................
W e ld ......................

3
3i
19
12
23
27
I
21
25

7

4

Numerical.
Saguache.
Custer.
Pueblo.
Bent.
San Juan.
L a Plata.
Rio Grande.
Costilla.
Huerfano.
Conejos.
Las Animas.

21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.

CONNECTICUT.
Alphabetical.
F a ir fie ld ...............
H artfo rd ...............
Litchfield...............
M iddlesex.............
New Haven...........
New London........
T o lla n d .................
W in d h a m .............

5
2
I

7
6
8

3
4

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Numerical.
Litchfield.
Hartford.
Tolland.
Windham.
Fairfield.
New Haven.
Middlesex.
New London.

DAKOTA.
Alphabetical.
A u ro ra .....................
Barnes.....................
B ead le......................
B illin g s...................
Bonhom m e.............
Bo rem an.................
Botineau...................
B rookings...............
B ro w n ......................
B ru le .......................
Buffalo.....................
Burleigh...................
Cam pbell.................
C a ss..........................
C a v ilie r ...................
Charles M ix ...........
Cheyenne.................
Clark ........................
C la y ..........................
C odin gton..............
C u ster................. ....
D avison ............ ..
D a y ..........................
Delano.....................
De S m e t.................
D e u e l.......................
D ou glas...................
Edmunds.................
E m m on s.................
F a u lk .......................
F orsyth e.................
F o s te r ......................
G in gras...................
Grand Forks...........
G ra n t.......................
G regory....................
H a m lin ...................
H a n d ........................
H an son....................
H ow ard ...................
H u g h e s...................
Hutchinson.............
H y d e ........................
K id d er.....................
K ingsbury...............
L a k e ........................
L a M o u re ...............
Lawrence ...............
L in co ln ...................

70
23

58
25
90

33
4
60

39
74
66
20
34
24
6
84

54
49
92
5o

72
7i
40

45
IO
52
85„
38
28
42
78
18
W
12
43
83
51

57
75
13

55
86

56
21
59
68
30

53
88

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.

Numerical.
Wallette.
Mountraille.
Renville.
Botineau.
Rolette.
Cavilier.
Pembina.
Stevens.
McHenry.
De Smet.
Ramsey.
Grand Forks.
Howard.
Williams.
Mercer.
Sheridan.
Gingras.
Foster.
Traill.
Burleigh.
Kidder.
Stutsman.
Barnes.
Cass.
Billings.
Stark.
Morton.
Emmons.
Logan.
L a Moure.
Ransom.
Richland.
Boreman.
Campbell.
McPherson.
Rusk.
Walworth.
Edmunds.
Brown.
Day.
Potter.
Faulk.
Grant.
Mandan.
Delano.
Stanley.
Sully.
Spink.
Clark.

INDEX TO COUNTIES.

Xll
D A K O T A - - C o n tin u e d .
Alphabetical.
Logan ...................
Lugenbeel.............
Lym an...................
M cCook.................
M cH enry ...........
M c P h e rs o n .... .
M andan.................
M eyer ....................
M ercer..........
M iner.....................
M innehaha.............
Moody .................
M o rto n .................
M ountraille..........
P em bin a.................
Pennington...........
Potter.......................
Pratt.........................
Presho...................
R am sey...................
Ransom ...................
Renville...................
R ichland...............
R o le tt e ...................
R u s k ........................
Shannon .................
Sherid an.................
Spin k........................
Stanley......................
Stark ........................
Stevens ...................
Stutsman............... .
Sully. .....................
T o d d ........................
T r a ill.....................
T n p p .......................
T u rn er.....................
U n io n ......................
Wallette...................
Walworth.................
White R iver...........
W illiam s.................
Y ankton...................
Ziebach...................

29
80

73
76
O

35
44
81

15
67

77
69
27
2

7
6l
41
64
65
II
31

3
32

5
36

79
16
48
46
26
8
22
47
89
19
82
87

93
I

37
63
14
9i
62

50.
51.
52.
53.
C4.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.

Numerical.
Codington.
Hamlin.
Deuel.
Lawrence.
Cheyenne.
Hughes.
Hyde.
Hand.
Beadle.
Kingsbury.
Brookings.
Pennington.
Ziebach.
White River.
Pratt.
Presho.
Buffalo.
Miner.
Lake.
Moody.
Aurora.
Davison.
Custer.
Lyman.
Brule.
Hanson.
McCook.
Minnehaha.
Forsythe.
Shannon.
Lugenbeel.
Meyer.
Tripp.
Gregory.
Charles Mix.
Douglas.
Hutchinson.
Turner.
Lincoln.
Todd.
Bonhomme.
Yankton.
Clay.
Union.

D ELA W A R E.

K en t.........................

2

i. New Castle.

Su ssex.....................

3

3. Sussex.

F L O R ID A .
Alphabetical.
Alachua............. ......
Baker.......................
Bradford.................
B revard...................
Calhoun...................
C la y ..........................
Columbia.................
D a d e .......................
Duval........................
E sca m b ia ...............
F ra n k lin .................
G a d sd en .................
Hamilton........ ........
H ernando...............
H illsbo rou gh .........
H olm es...................
Jackson.................
Jefferson.................
L a Fayette...........
L e o n .......................
L e v y .......................
L ib e r t y .................
M ad iso n ...............
M an atee...............
M a r io n .................
M on roe.................
N assau...................
O range...................
P o lk .......................
P utn am .................
Saint John’s .........
Santa R o s a .........
S u m ter..................
Suw annee. . . . . . .
T a y lo r ...................
V o lu s ia .................
W akulla................
W alton...................
Washington...........

25
13
23
36
l6
24
12
39
15
I

J9
7
II
31

34
4
6

9
21
8
28
r7
IO

37
29

38
14
33
35
26
27
2
32
22
20

3°
18

3
5

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
ir .
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.

Numerical.
Escambia.
Santa Rosa.
Walton.
Holmes.
Washington.
Jackson.
Gadsden.
Leon.
Jefferson.
Madison.
Hamilton.
Columbia.
Baker.
Nassau.
Duval.
Calhoun.
Liberty.
Wakulla.
Franklin.
Taylor.
L a Fayette.
Suwannee.
Bradford.
Clay.
Alachua.
Putnam.
Saint John’s.
Levy.
Marion.
Volusia.
Hernando.
Sumter.
Orange.
Hillsborough.
Polk.
Brevard.
Manatee.
Monroe.
Dade.

G E O R G IA .
Alphabetical.
A p p ling...........
B aker...............
B aldw in.......... . . .. 71
Banks................. . . .. 19

1.
2.
3.
4.

B e rrie n ........... ...1 2 5
B ib b ................ • • • 7 9
B roo ks............. . ..13 2
B rya n ..............
B u llo c k ............. • •• 94
B u rke................ . .. 74
B u tts ................. . . . 6 3
Calhoun............
Camden............. . . .1 3 6
Cam pbell......... . . . 4 6
C arro ll.............
Catoosa.............
C h arlton ........... •• -135
Chatham ...........
Chattahoochee . . . . 8 7
Chattooga......... . . . 1 4
C h erokee.......... . . . 2 4
C la rk e ............. .. .. 34
C la y .................
C la y to n ............. • •• 47
C lin c h ............... .. .134
C o b b ................. . . . 3 1
C o ffe e ............... . . . . i i 5
C olq uitt............
Columbia . . . . ••• 53
Cow eta.............. • • '5 5
Craw ford.......... . . . 7 8
D a d e .................
Dawson............. • •• 17
D ecatur. . . . . . . . . 130
De K a lb ........... • • • 37
D o d g e ...............
D o o ly................. • • • 9 9
Dougherty......... . . . 1 1 9
D ouglas............. • • • 4 5
E a rly .................
E ch ols............... •■ - i 37
Effingham......... • • • 9 5
E lb e r t............... . . . 2 8
Em anuel........... • •• 8S
Fannin.............. . . . 4
F a y e tte .............
F lo y d .................
F o rsyth ............. . . . 2 5
F ra n k lin ...........
F u lto n ............... . . . 3 6
G ilm er...............
G lascock........... ■ ■ •65
G ly n n ...............
G o rd o n ............. . . . 1 5
Greene............... . . . 5 0
Gwinnett........... • • • 3 3
Habersham . . . . . . . 1 3
H a l l ................... . . . 1 8
H an cock........... . . . 6 4
H aralson........... • • • 3 5
H a rris............... • • • 7 5
H a rt...................
H e a r d ............. • • • 5 4
H e n r y ............... • • • 5 7
Houston ........... . . . . 91
Irw in ............... . . . 1 1 4
J ackson.............
Jasper ............... . . . 5 8
Jefferson........... ■ • • 7 3
Johnson............. . . . 8 4
Jones................. . . . 7 0
Laurens............. • • • 9 3
L e e .....................
L ib e r ty ............. . . . 105
L in co ln ............. • • • 4 3
L ow ndes........... ••••133
Lum pkin...........
M cDuffie.......... . . . 5 2
M cIntosh..........
M acon............... . . . . 90
M a d iso n ........... . . . 2 7
M arion.............. . . . 8 8
M eriw ether.. . . . . . 67
M ille r ...............
M ilton............... . . . 3 2
M itchell............
M on roe............. . . . 6 9
M ontgom ery....
. M organ............. • • • 4 9
9
M u rra y ............. . . .
M usco gee......... . . . 8 1
N ew ton ............. . . . 4 8
Oconee ............. . . . 40
Oglethorpe . -. . . . 4 1

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
8384.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.

Numerical.
Dade.
Catoosa.
Whitfield.
Fannin.
Towns.
Rabun.
Walker.
Murray.
Gilmer.
Lumpkin.
White.
Habersham.
Chattooga.
Gordon.
Pickens.
Dawson.
Hall.
Banks.
Franklin.
Hart.
Floyd.
Bartow.
Cherokee.
Forsyth.
Jackson.
Madison.
Elbert.
Polk.
Paulding.
Cobb.
Milton.
Gwinnett.
Clarke.
Haralson.
Fulton.
De K alb.
Rockdale.
Walton.
Oconee.
Oglethorpe.
Wilkes.
Lincoln.
Carroll.
Douglas.
Campbell.
Clayton.
Newton.
Morgan.
Greene.
Taliaferro.
McDuffie.
Columbia.
Heard.
Coweta.
Fayette.
Henry.
Jasper.
Putnam.
Warren.
Richmond.
Spalding.
Butts.
Hancock.
Glascock.
Troup.
Meriwether.
Pike.
Monroe.
Jones.
Baldwin.
Washington.
Jefferson
Burke.
Harris.
Talbot.
Upson.
Crawford.
Bibb.
Wilkinson.
Muscogee.
Taylor.
Twiggs.
Johnson.
Emanuel.
Screven.
Chattahoochee.
Marion.
Schley.
Macon.
Houston.
Pulaski.
Laurens.
Bullock.
Effingham.

G E O R G I A - - C o n tin u e d .
Alphabetical.
P auldin g............... • 3 °
P ick en s.................
P ie r c e ................... 127
P ik e ........................ . 68
P o lk ........................
P u la s k i................. . 92
P utnam ................. • 59
Q uitm an ...............
R a b u n ................... •• 7
R a n d o lp h .............
Richm ond.............
Rockdale............... • 38
S c h le y ................... . 89
Screven ................. . 86
S p a ld in g ...............
S te w a rt................. . 96
Sum ter................... . 98
T a lb o t...................
T alia ferro ............. • 5 i
T a tn a ll............... .
T a y lo r.................... . 82
T e lfa ir ...................
T e r r e ll...................
T h om as................. •131
T ow n s.................... . 6
Troup ................... . 66
T w iggs................... • 83
U n io n .................... • 5
Upson .................. • 77
W alker................... . 8
Walton ................. • 39
W a re ......................
W a rre n .................
W ashington.......... • 72
W ayn e...................
W ebster................. • 97
W h ite.....................
W hitfield............... • 3
W ilc o x ..................
W ilkes................... . 42
W ilkin son. . . . . . . 80
W o r th ................... • i J3

96.
97.
98.
99.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
no.
in .
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.

Numerical.
Stewart.
Webster.
Sumter.
Dooly.
Dodge.
Telfair.
Montgomery.
Tatnall.
Liberty.
Bryan.
Chatham.
Quitman.
Clay.
Randolph.
Terrell.
Lee.
Worth.
Irwin.
Coffee.
Appling.
McIntosh.
Calhoun.
Dougherty.
Early.
Miller.
Baker.
Mitchell.
Colquitt.
Berrien.
Ware.
Pierce.
Wayne.
Glynn.
Decatur.
Thomas.
Brooks.
Lowndes.
Clinch.
Charlton.
Camden.
Echols.

ID A H O .

Alphabetical.
A d a ........................
A ltu ras...................
Bear L a k e .............
B o ise .....................
C a s s ia ...................
Id ah o .....................
K ootenai...............
L e m h i...................
Nez Perces...........
O n e id a ..................
O w yhee.................
Shoshone...............
W ashington..........

.

8

• 9
• !3
• 7
•

4

•
•

5
3

.

6

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

Numerical.
Kootenai.
Shoshone.
Nez Perces.
Idaho.
Lemhi.
Washington.
Boise.
Ada.
Alturas.
Oneida.
Owyhee.
Cassia.
Bear Lake.

IL L IN O IS .

Alphabetical.
A dam s.................... •
A lexan der.............
B o n d ..................... •
Boone ...................
B ro w n ................... •
B ureau................... .
Calhoun.................
Carroll.................... •
C a ss........................ •
Cham paign........... •
Christian............. ..
C la rk ...................... .
C la y ........................ •
C lin to n ................. •
C o le s. . . . ...........
C o o k .....................
Craw ford.............. •
Cum berland------ •
De K a lb ...............
De W itt .. . . . . . . . .
Douglas ............... •
Du P ag e............... •
E d g a r .................... •
E d w a rd s............... •
E ffingham ............ •
F a y e tte ................. •
Ford........................ •
Franklin . . . . ----- .
Fulton............... ,. . •
G allatin ................. •

43
7°
44
18

7
45
49
68

78
76

74
67
42

57
13

58
85

72
7i
39
89
36

95

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

Numerical.
Jo Daviess.
Stephenson.
Winnebago.
Boone.
McHenry.
Lake.
Carroll.
Ogle.
Whiteside.
Lee.
De Kalb.
Kane.
Du Page.
Cook.
Kendall.
R ock Island.
Henry.
Bureau.
L a Salle.
Will.
Mercer.
Putnam.
Grundy.
Stark.
Marshall.
Kankakee.
Henderson.
Warren.
Knox.
Peoria.

I L L I N O I S - -C o n tin u e d .
Alphabetical.
G reen e...................
G ru n d y .................
Hamilton...............
H an cock...............
H a r d in ..................
H end erson...........
H e n r y ....................
Iroquois.................
Jackson.................
Jasper ...................
Jefferson...............
J e rse y ....................
Jo D a v ie s s ...........
Johnson.................
K a n e ......................
K a n k a k ee.............
K e n d a ll.................
K n o x ......................
L a k e .......................
L a S a lle................
Lawrence .............
L e e .........................
Livingston.............
Logan ....................
M cD onough.........
M c H e n r y .............
M cLean.................
M aco n ...................
M acoupin.............
M ad iso n ...............
M arion..................
M arsh all...............
M ason....................
Massac....................
M enard.................
M ercer...................
M on roe..................
M ontgomery.........
M organ.................
M o u ltrie...............
O g le .......................
P e o r ia ...................
P erry............. . . .
P ia tt.......................
P ik e ........................
P o p e ......................
P u la s k i.................
P utn am .................
R a n d o lp h .............
R ichland...............
Rock Islan d .........
Saint C la ir . . . . . .
Saline.....................
Sangamon.............
S ch u y ler...............
S c o t t ......................
Sh elby....................
S ta r k ......................
Stephenson...........
T a zew ell...............
U n io n ............... ....
Verm illion.............
W abash.................
W a rr e n .................
Washington...........
W ayn e...................
W h ite ....................
W h iteside...............
W ill........................
W illiam son...........
W innebago...........
W ood ford ...............

31.
23
32.
90
33.
34.
34
35.
Q
Q
27
36.
37.
17
38.
33
39.
92
40.
73
41.
83
42.
63
I
43.
44.
97
12
45.
26
46.
47.
15
48.
29
6
49.
19
50.
80
51.
IO
52.
53.
32
54.
47
55.
35
56.
5
57.
38
58.
55
64
59.
60.
69
61.
77
62.
25
63.
41
102
64.
65.
46
66.
21
67.
81
68.
65
69.
53
70.
56
71.
8
72.
3®
73.
88
74.
48
75.
5i
76.
98
77.
roi
78.
22
79.
87
80.
79
16
81.
82.
75
83.
94
84.
54
85.
40
86.
52
87.
66
88.
24
2
89.
90.
37
91.
96
92.
5°
93.
86
28
94.
82
95.
96.
84
97.
9i
98.
9
20
99.
93 100.
3 101.
102.
31

59

Numerical.
Woodford.
Livingston.
Iroquois.
Hancock.
McDonough
Fulton.
Tazewell.
McLean.
Ford.
Schuyler.
Mason.
De Witt.
Adams.
Brown.
Cass.
«
Menard.
Logan.
Piatt.
Champaign.
Vermillion.
Pike.
Scott.
Morgan.
Sangamon.
Macon.
Moultrie.
Douglas.
Edgar.
Greene.
Christian.
Coles.
Calhoun.
Jersey.
Macoupin.
Montgomery.
Shelby.
Cumberland.
Clark.
Madison.
Bond.
Fayette.
Effingham.
Jasper.
Crawford.
Saint Clair.
Clinton.
Marion.
Clay.
Richland.
Lawrence.
Monroe.
Washington
Jefferson.
Wayne.
Edwards.
Wabash.
Randolph.
Perry.
Franklin.
Hamilton.
White.
Jackson.
Williamson.
Saline.
Gallatin.
Union.
Johnson.
Pope.
Hardin.
Alexander.
Pulaski.
Massac.

IN D IA N A .

Alphabetical.
A d a m s...................
A lle n .....................
Bartholomew . . . .
Benton...................
B la c k fo rd .............
Boone ...................
B ro w n ...................
C a rro ll...................
C ass........................
C la rk e ...................
C la y .......................
C lin to n ...................
C raw ford ..............
D a v iess...................
Dearborn..............
D ecatur.................
De K a lb ...............

26
18
62
19

31
40
6l
28
21
86

52
34
84
72
69
63
12

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

Numerical.
Lake.
Porter.
L a Porte.
Saint Joseph.
Elkhart.
Lagrange.
Steuben.
Starke.
Marshall.
Kosciusko.
Noble.
De Kalb.
Newton.
Jasper.
Pulaski.
Fulton.
Whitley.

*

✓

INDEX TO COUNTIES.
I N D I A N A - - C o n t in u e d .
Alphabetical.
D elaw are............... •
D ubois................... •
E lk h a rt.................. •
F a y e tte .................. •
F lo y d ..................... •
Fountain............... •
F ra n k lin ............... .
F u lto n ....................
Gibson................... .
G ra n t..................... •
G reene...................
H a m ilto n .............
H an cock...............
H arrison...............
H en d ricks............
H e n ry ....................
H ow ard .................
H untington..........
J ackson..................
Jasper ....................

37
83
5
57
85

38
64
81

3°
66
41
48
92
46

49
29
24

75
14

J a y ..........................
32
76
Jefferson...............
Jennings ................ 67
Johnson................. 54
K n o x ...................... 7 i
IO
K osciusko.............
6
L agran ge...............
I
L a k e ......................
L a P o r te ...............
3
L a w re n ce .............
74
M ad iso n ................. • 3 6
M a rio n .................. 47
M arshall...............
9
M artin...................
73
M ia m i.................... 22
M on roe.................. 60
Montgomery......... 39
Morgan - ...............
53
N ew ton ................... 13
N o b le ....................... II
O h io ......................... 70
O ra n g e.................... 78
O w efl........................ 59
P a rk e....................... 44
P e rry ........................ 9 i
P ik e.......................... 82
P o rte r...................... 2
Posey........................ 87
Pulaski..................... 15
P utnam ................... 45
R a n d o lp h ............... 42
R ip le y ..................... 68
R u s h ....................... 56
Saint Joseph........... 4
S c o t t ........................ 80
Shelby..................... 55
Spencer................... 90
Starke ...................... 8
Steuben...................
7
S u lliv an ................... 65
Sw itzerland............ 77
T ippecan oe............ 27
T ip to n ..................... 35
U n io n ..................... 58
V an d erb u rgh ......... 88
Verm illion............... 43
V ig o ......................... 5 i
W abash................... 23
W a rre n ................... 33
W a rrick ................... 89
Washington............. 79
W ayn e..................... 5°
W e lls....................... 25
W h ite....................... 20
W h itley.................... 17

Numerical.
18. Allen.
19. Benton.
20. White.
21. Cass.
22. Miami.
23. Wabash.
24. Huntington.
25. Wells.
26. Adams.
27. Tippecanoe.
28. Carroll.
29. Howard.
30. Grant.
31. Blackford.
32- Jay.
33. Warren.
34. Clinton.
35. Tipton.
36. Madison.
37. Delaware.
38. Fountain.
39. Montgomery.
40. Boone.
41. Hamilton.
42. Randolph.
43. Vermillion.
44. Parke.
45. Putnam.
46. Hendricks.
47. Marion.
48. Hancock.
49. Henry.
50. Wayne.
51. Vigo.
32. Clay.
53. Morgan.
54. Johnson.
55. Shelby.
56. Rush.
57. Fayette.
58. Union.
59. Owen.
60. Monroe.
61. Brown.
62. Bartholomew.
63. Decatur.
64. Franklin.
65. Sullivan.
66. Greene.
67. Jennings.
68. Ripley.
69. Dearborn.
70. Ohio.
71. Knox.
72. Daviess.
73. Martin.
74. Lawrence.
75. Jackson.
76. Jefferson.
77. Switzerland.
78. Orange.
79. Washington.
80. Scott.
81. Gibson.
82. Pike.
83. Dubois.
84. Crawford.
85. Floyd.
86. Clarke.
87. Posey.
88. Vanderburgh.
89. Warrick.
90. Spencer.
91. Perry.
92. Harrison.

IOWA.
Alphabetical.
A d air........................ 71
Adams .................... 81
Allam akee............... 10
Appanoose.............. 96
A udubon................. 58
Benton..................... 51
Black H aw k........... 39
B o o n e ..................... 47
Bremer..................... 28
Buchanan .................. 40
Buena V ista ........... 22
Butler....................... 27
Calhoun...................... 34
C arroll..................... 45
C a ss......................... 70
C ed ar....................... 66

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
xo.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

Numerical.
Lyon.
Osceola.
Dickinson.
Emmett.
Winnebago.
Worth.
Mitchell.
Howard.
Winneshiek,
Allamakee.
Sioux.
O ’Brien.
Clay.
Palo Alto.
Kossuth.
Hancock.

I O W A — C o n tin u e d .
Alphabetical.
Cerro G ordo......... • 17
Ch erokee..............
C h ickasaw ............ • 19
C la r k e ................... ■ 83
C la y ....................... • 13
C layton ................. • 3 °
C lin to n ................. 55
Crawford............... 44
60
D a lla s...................
D avis.....................
97
D ecatur.................
94
41
D elaw are.. . . . . . .
Des M oines......... 89
D ickinson.............
3
Dubuque ............... 42
Emmett..................
4
29
F a y e tte .................
F lo y d ..................... 18
26
F ra n k lin ...........
90
F re m o n t...............
G reen e................... 46
G ru n d y .................
38
G u th rie................. 59
Hamilton............... 36
l6
H an cock...............
H ard in ..................
37
H arrison...............
56
H e n r y ...................
88
H oward.................
8
H u m bo ld t............ 24
I d a .......................... 32
Iowa........................ 64
Jackson.................
54
62
Jasper ...................
Jefferson............... 87
Johnson ................ 65
Jones.....................
53
K eo k u k .................
76
K ossuth.................
i5
L e e ......................... 99
Linn.......................... 5 2
L ou isa..................... 78
L u c a s..................... 84
L y o n .......................
I
M ad iso n ............... 72
M ahaska...............
75
Marion..................... 74
M arsh all................. 49
M ills ........................ 79
M itchell.................
7
M onona................... 43
M on roe................... 85
M ontgom ery.......... 80
M uscatine............... 68
O ’B rien ................... 12
2
O sceola...................
R age......................... 9 1
Palo A lto ............... 14
Plymouth................. 20
Pocahontas............. 23
Polk.......................... 6l
Pottawatomie.......... 69
Pow eshiek.............. 63
R in ggold ................. 93
S a c ................... . . . . 33
Scott ........................ 67
S h elb y ..................... 57
S io u x........................ I I
Story ........................ 48
T am a........................ 5 °
T a y lo r— ................ 92
Union .................... 82
Van Buren.............. 98
W apello................... 86
W a rren ................... 73
Washington............. 77
W ayne...................... 95
W e b s te r................. 35
Winnebago ............
5
W inneshiek............. 9
W oodbury.............. 31
W orth ......................
6
W right...................... 23

Numerical.
17. Cerro Gordo.
18. Floyd.
19. Chickasaw.
20. Plymouth.
21. Cherokee.
22. Buena Vista.
23. Pocahontas.
24. Humboldt.
25. Wright.
26. Franklin.
27. Butler.
28. Bremer.
29. Fayette.
30. Clayton.
31. Woodbury.
32. Ida.
33. Sac.
34. Calhoun.
35. Webster.
36. Hamilton.
37. Hardin.
38. Grundy.
39. Black Hawk.
40. Buchanan.
41. Delaware.
42. Dubuque.
43. Monona.
44. Crawford.
45. Carroll.
46. Greene.
47. Boone.
48. Story.
49. Marshall.
50. Tama.
51. Benton.
52. Linn.
53. Jones.
54. Jackson.
55. Clinton.
56. Harrison.
57. Shelby.
58. Audubon.
59. Guthrie.
60. Dallas.
61. Polk.
62. Jasper.
63. Poweshiek.
64. Iowa.
65. Johnson.
66. Cedar.
67. Scott.
68. Muscatine.
69. Pottawatomie
70. Cass.
71. Adair.
72. Madison.
73. Warren.
74. Marion.
75. Mahaska.
76. Keokuk.
77. Washington.
78. Louisa.
79. Mills.
80. Montgomery.
81. Adams.
82. Union.
83. Clarke.
84. Lucas.
85. Monroe.
86. Wapello.
87. Jefferson.
88. Henry.
89. Des Moines.
90. Fremont.
91. Page.
92. Taylor.
93 - Ringgold.
94. Decatur.
95. Wayne.
96. Appanoose.
97. Davis.
98. Van Buren.
99. Lee.

KANSAS.
Alphabetical.
A lle n ........................
A n d e rso n ...............
Arrapahoe-----. . . .
A tchinson...............
Barbour.................
Barton......................
Bourbon...................
Brown...... ................
Buffalo..................

75
69
79
26
97
49
76
12
59

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Numerical.
Cheyenne.
Rawlins.
Decatur.
Norton.
Phillips.
Smith.
Jewell.
Republic.
Washington.

xm

K A N S A S —Continued.
Alphabetical.
Butler....................... 86
Chase........................ 66
C h au tau qu a...........101
C herokee..................104
C h eyen n e...............
1
C la r k ....................... 95
C la y ......................... 22
Cloud. ..................... 21
Coffey....................... 68
Comanche............... 96
C o w le y .....................ico
Craw ford...........
90
D avis........................ 37
D ecatur...................
3
D ickin son............... 36
D o n ip h an ............... 13
D ou glas................... 40
E d w a rd s................. 82
E l k .......................... 87
E llis ......................... 32
E llsw o rth ............... 50
F o o te ....................... 80
F o rd ......................... 81
Franklin................... 54
G o v e ........................ 30
G raham ................... 17
G r a n t...................... 78
G reeley ................... 43
Greenwood............. 73
Hamilton................. 56
H a r p e r ................... 98
H a r v e y .................... 72
Hodgeman.............. 60
Jackso n ......................25
Jefferson................. 27
J e w e ll......................
7
Johnson................... 42
K an sas..................... 91
K earney................... 57
Kingm an................. 84
L a b e tte ......... . . . . 103
L a n e ........................ 46
Leavenworth........... 28
L in co ln ................... 34
L in n ......................... 7°
Lyon ...........................67
M cPherson............. 64
M arion.................... 65
M arsh all................. 10
M e a d e ..................... 94
M iam i...................... 55
M itchell................... 20
M ontgomery............ 102
M o rris..................... 52
N e m a h a ................ 11
N e o sh o .................... 89
N e ss......................... 47
N orton ..................... 4
O sage....................... S3
Osborne................... 19
Ottawa..................... 35
P a w n ee................... 61
P h illip s...................
5
Pottawatom ie.........24
P r a t t ........................ 83
R aw lins...................
2
R e n o ........................ 71
R ep ub lic.................
8
R i c e ......................... 63
R ile y ........................ 23
R o o k s ...................... 18
R u s h ........................ 4S
R u s s e ll.................... 33
Saline...................
51
S c o t t ........................ 43
Sedgw ick................. 85
Sequoyah................. 58
Sew ard .................... 93
Shawnee.................. 39
S h erid a n ................. 16
Sherman................... 14
Sm ith....................... 6
Stanton................... 77
Stafford.................... 62
S tev en s................... 92
Su m n er................... 99
T h om as................... 15
T r e g o ....................... 31
W abaunsee............. 38
W allace.................... 29
W ashington............. 9
W ich ita .............
44
W ilson..................... 88
W oo d so n ................ 74
W yandotte............... 41

Numerical.
10. Marshall.
11. Nemaha.
12. Brown.
13. Doniphan.
14. Sherman.
15. Thomas.
16. Sheridan.
17. Graham.
18. Rooks.
19. Osborne.
20. Mitchell.
21. Cloud.
22. Clay.
23. Riley.
24. Pottawatomie.
25. Jackson.
26. Atchinson.
27. Jefferson.
28. Leavenworth.
29. Wallace.
30. Gove.
31. Trego.
32. Ellis.
33. Russell.
34. Lincoln.
35. Ottawa.
36. Dickinson.
37. Davis.
38. Wabaunsee.
39. Shawnee.
40. Douglas.
41. Wyandotte.
42. Johnson.
43. Greeley.
44. Wichita.
45. Scott.
46. Lane.
47. Ness.
48. Rush.
49. Barton.
50. Ellsworth.
51. Saline.
52. Morris.
53. Osage.
54. Franklin.
53. Miami.
36. Hamilton.
57. Kearney.
58. Sequoyah.
59. Buffalo.
60. Hodgeman.
61. Pawnee.
62. Stafford.
(63. Rice.
64. McPherson.
65. Marion.
66. Chase.
67. Lyon.
68. Coffey.
69. Anderson.
70. Linn.
71. Reno.
72. Harvey.
73. Greenwood.
74. Woodson.
75. Allen.
76. Bourbon.
77. Stanton.
78. Grant.
79. Arrapahoe.
80. Foote.
81. Ford.
82. Edwards.
83. Pratt.
84. Kingman.
85. Sedgwick.
86. Butler.
87. E lk.
88. Wilson.
89. Neosho.
90. Crawford.
91. Kansas.
92. Stevens.
93. Seward.
94. Meade.
95. Clark.
96. Comanche.
97. Barbour.
98. Harper.
99. Sumner.
100. Cowley.
101. Chautauqua.
102. Montgomery.
103. Labette.
104. Cherokee.

KENTUCKY.
Alphabetical.
A d a ir........................ 94
A lle n .........................109
A n d erso n ............... 31
Ballard..................... 86
Barren..................... . 92
B a th ......................... 36
B e ll............................116
B o o n e .....................
1
B o u rb o n ................. 24
B o y d ........................ 27
B o yle........ .............. 55
B racken ................... 7
B re a th itt................. 70
Breckinridge..............42
Bullitt....................... 29
B u tler....................... 76
C a ld w e ll................. 90
Callow ay.................. 103
Cam pbell................. 3
C arroll...................... 9
C a r te r ...................... 26
Casey ...................... 81
Christian.................. 105
C la r k ........................ 34
C la y .......................... 83
C lin to n .....................112
Crittenden............... 73
Cum berland............ h i
D aviess...................... 40
Edmonson........... . 77
E lliott....................... 37
E still ...................... 58
F a y e tte ...................... 33
Fleming................... 19
F lo y d ....................... 71
F ra n k lin ................. 23
F ulton.......................101
G a lla tin ................... 4
G a rra rd .................. 56
G ra n t....................... 5
G r a v e s ..................... 102
Grayson................... 64
G reen....................... 79
G re e n u p ................. 20
H an co ck ................. 41
Hardin...................... 53
H arlan ...................... 117
H arrison................. 11
H art......................... 78
H enderson............. 39
H e n ry ................... . 16
H ick m a n ................ 99
H o p k in s................. 74
Jackson................... 68
Jefferson.................... 21
Jessam ine............... 45
Johnson.................. 49
K e n to n ...................
2
K n o x .........................115
L a R u e .................
65
L a u re l...................... 97
L a w re n ce ............... 38
L e e ........ .................. 59
L e slie ....................... 98
L etch er. . . ........... 85
L ew is....................... 14
L in co ln .................... 67
Livingston.............. 88
Logan........................ 107
L y o n ........................ 89
M cCracken............. 87
M cLean.................... 52
Madison................... 57
M agoffin................. 61
M a r io n ................... 66
M arsh all...................100
M artin...................... 50
M ason...................... 13
M ead e...................
28
M en ifee. . . . ......... 47
Mercer...................... 44
M etca lfe................. 93
M onroe.....................n o
M ontgomery........... 35
M organ ................... 48
M uhlenburgh......... 73
N elso n ..................... 43
N ich o la s.....................18
O h io ................
63
Oldham .................... 15
O w en........................ 10
O w sley..................... 69
Pendleton...............
6
P erry ........................ 84
P ik e.......................... 72

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Numerical.
Boone.
Kenton.
Campbell.
Gallatin.
Grant.

6. Pendleton.
7. Bracken.
8. Trimble.
9. Carroll.
10. Owen.
11. Harrison.
12. Robertson.
13. Mason.
14. Lewis.
15. Oldham.
16. Henry.
17. Scott.
18. Nicholas.
19. Fleming.
20. Greenup.
21. Jefferson.
22. Shelby.
23. Franklin.
24. Bourbon.
25. Rowan.
26. Carter.
27. Boyd.
28. Meade.
29. Bullitt.
30. Spencer.
31. Anderson.
32. Woodford.
33. Fayette.
34. Clark.
35. Montgomery.
36. Bath.
37. Elliott.
38. Lawrence.
39. Henderson.
40. Daviess.
41. Hancock.
42. Breckinridge.
43. Nelson.
44. Mercer.
45. Jessamine.
46. Powell.
47. Menifee.
48. Morgan.
49. Johnson.
50. Martin.
51. Union.
52. McLean.
33. Hardin.
54. Washington.
55. Boyle.
56. Garrard.
57. Madison.
58. Estill.
59. Lee.
60. Wolfe.
61. Magoffin.
62. Webster.
63. Ohio.
64. Grayson.
65. La Rue.
66. Marion.
67. Lincoln.
68. Jackson.
69. Owsley.
70. Breathitt.
71. Floyd.
72. Pike.
73. Crittenden.
74. Hopkins.
75. Muhlenburgh.
76. Butler.
77. Edmonson.
78. Hart.
79. Green.
80. Taylor.
81. Casey.
82. Rockcastle.
83. Clay.
84. Perry.
83. Letcher.
86. Ballard.
87. M cCracken.
88. Livingston.
89. Lyon.
90. Caldwell.
91. Warren.
92. Barren.
93. Metcalfe.
94. Adair.
95. Russell.

INDEX TO COUNTIES.

XIV
K E N T U C K Y -C o n t in u e d .
Alphabetical.
P o w ell.....................
Pulaski .................
Robertson...............
R o ck ca stle .............
Row an.....................
R u ssell....................
S c o t t ........................
S h elb y...................
S im p so n .................
Spencer...................
T a y lo r .....................
T o d d .......................

46
96
12
82

25
95
17
22
ro8

3°

80
ro6
T rig g ........................ 104
T rim ble................... 8
U nion....................... 5 i
W a rre n ................... 9 1
W ash in g to n ........... 54
Wayne ................... 113
W ebster................... 62
W h itley................... 114
W o lfe ..................... 60
W ood ford ............... 32

Numerical.
Pulaski.
Laurel.
Leslie.
Hickman.
Marshall.
Fulton.
Graves.
Calloway.
Trigg.
Christian.
Todd.
Logan.
Simpson.
Allen.
Monroe.
Cumberland.
Clinton.
Wayne.
Whitley.
Knox.
Bell.
Harlan.

96.
97.
98.
99.
roo.
ror.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
no.
r r i.
rr2.
rt3 .
ri4 .
115.
rr6.
117.

L O U IS IA N A .
Alphabetical.
A scension............... 44
Assum ption............ 49
A v o y e lle s ............... 28
B ien ville................. 13
2
Bossier.....................
I
C a d d o ...................
C alcasieu ................ 34
C a ld w e ll...............
15
Cam eron................. 46
24
Catahoula.............
Claiborne
4
Concordia.............
25
18
De S oto.................
East Baton Rouge 38
East C arro ll........... 8
East F e lic ia n a ... 3°
l6
F ra n k lin ...............
G ra n t..................... 23
Ib eria..................... 48
Ib e rv ille ...............
43
Jackson.................
14
Jefferson............... 55
L a Fayette........... 41
L a Fourche........... 54
L in co ln .................
9
Livingston.. . —
39
12
M a d iso n ...............
6
M orehouse...........
Natchitoches......... 22
O rleans.................
S2
IO
O uachita...............
Plaquem ines......... 5 6
Pointe C o u p ee. . .
36
R ap id es................. 27
R ed R iv er.............
19
II
R ichlan d ...............
21
S ab in e...................
Saint B ern a rd .. . .
57
Saint C harles----- 5 i
Saint H elen a---31
Saint Jam es......... 5 °
Saint John Baptist. 45
Saint L an d ry. . . . • 35
Saint Martin’s — . 42
Saint M ary’s ......... • 53
Saint Tam many. . . 40
Tangipahoa . . . . ' . • 32
T e n s a s .................. ■ i7
Terre B o n n e---- - • 58
U n io n ................... • 5
V erm illio n ........... • 47
V e r n o n .................
W ashington.......... • 33
W ebster................ - 3
West Baton Rouge. 37
West Carroll......... • 7
West F elician a. . . . 29
W in n .....................

Numerical.
r. Caddo.
2. Bossier.
3. Webster.
4. Claiborne.
5. Union.
6. Morehouse.
7. West Carroll.
8. East Carroll.
9. Lincoln.
ro. Ouachita.
rr. Richland.r2. Madison.
13. Bienville.
T4. Jackson.
15. Caldwell.
r6. Franklin.
17. Tensas.
18. De Soto.
r9- R ed River.
20. Winn.
2r. Sabine.
22. Natchitoches.
23. Grant.
24. Catahoula.
25. Concordia.
26. Vernon.
27. Rapides.
28. Avoyelles.
29. West Feliciana.
30. East Feliciana.
3r. Saint Helena.
32. Tangipahoa.
33. Washington.
34. Calcasieu.
35. Saint Landry.
36. Pointe Coupee.
37. West Baton Rouge.
38. East Baton Rouge.
39. Livingston.
40. Saint Tammany.
4r. L a Fayette.
42. Saint Martin’s.
43. Iberville.
44. Ascension.
45. Saint John Baptist.
46. Cameron.
47. Vermillion.
48. Iberia.
49. Assumption.
50. Saint James.
5r. Saint Charles.
52. Orleans.
53. Saint M ary’s.
54. L a Fourche.
55. Jefferson.
56. Plaquemines.
57. Saint Bernard.
58. Terre Bonne.

M A IN E .
Alphabetical.
Androscoggin. . . .
A roostook.............
Cumberland . . . .
F ra n k lin ...............
H an cock.............
K en n eb e c...........
K n o x ....................
L in c o ln ............. ..

.

8

• 3
.

II

• 9
■ i5
• 14

r.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Numerical.
Aroostook.
Piscataquis.
Franklin.
Somerset.
Penobscot.
Washington.
Oxford.
Androscoggin.

M AINE—Continued.
Alphabetical.
O xford...................
Penobscot.............
Piscataquis...........
Sagadahoc.............
Som erset...............
W a ld o ...................
W ash ington.........
Y o r k .....................

7
5
2

13
4
ro

6
16

9.
ro.
it.
12.
r3.
rq.
T5.
16.

Numerical.
Kennebec,
Waldo,
H ancock.
Cumberland.
Sagadahoc,
Lincoln.
K nox.
York.

MARYLAND.
Alphabetical.
A llegh a n y...............
2
Anne Arundel........ 13
B a ltim o re............... 6
Calvert..................... 19
Caroline................... 16
C a rro ll..................... 5
C e c i l ........................ 8
C h a rle s................... r 7
D o rcester............... 20
F re d e rick ............... 4
Garrett.....................
1
H arford ................... 7
H ow ard ................... 10
K e n t ........................ i r
M ontgom ery..........
9
Prince George’s . . . 12
Queen A nn e........... r4
Saint M ary’s ........... r8
Som erset................. 22
T a lb o t.........................15
W ash in gto n ........... 3
Wicomico ................ 21
W orcester.............. 23

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Numerical.
Garrett.
Alleghany.
Washington.
Frederick.
Carroll.
Baltimore.
Harford.

8. Cecil.
9.
10.
ir.
r2.
13.
14.

Montgomery.
Howard.
Kent.
Prince George.
Anne Arundel.
Queen Anne.

15. Talbot.
16.
17.
r8.
19.
20.
2 r.
22.
23.

Caroline.
Charles.
Saint M ary’s.
Calvert.
Dorcester.
Wicomico.
Somerset.
Worcester.

MASSACHUSETTS.
Alphabetical.
Barnstable............
Berkshire...............
B ristol...................
D u k e s ...................
E sse x .............. ......
F ra n k lin ...............
H am pden.............
H am pshire...........
M iddlesex............
N an tucket............
N o rfo lk ...............
Plymouth.............
Suffolk.................
W orcester.. . . . .

Numerical.

r2
4
10
13
3
1
8

1 Franklin.
.
2 Middlesex.
.
3
4*
5
6
.
7
*
8
.

5
2
14
9
rr

9
ro.
ir.
12.

7
6

1314.

Essex.
Berkshire.
Hampshire.
Worcester.
Suffolk.
Hampden.
Norfolk.
Bristol.
Plymouth.
Barnstable.
Dukes.
Nantucket.

M IC H I G A N .
Alphabetical.
A lcona...................
A lle g a n .................
A lp en a........ ..........
Antrim ................... . 18
Baraga................... • 5
B arry............. ..
B a y ........................ ■ 39
B en zie...................
B e rrie n ................. • 73
Branch................... • 76
C a lh o u n ............... . 69
C ass. ...................... • 74
Charlevoix............. ■ 14
Cheboygan ........... • i 5
C h ip p ew a............. . 8
Clare ..................... ■ 37
C lin to n ................. ■ 55
C raw ford .............. • 25
D e lta .....................
E a to n .....................
Em m ett................. • 13
G en esee................ • 57
G la d w in ............... • 38
Grand T ra v e rse .. • 23
G r a tio t................. • 49
H illsdale............... • 77
H oughton............. •• 4
H u ro n ................... • 45
Ingham ................. ■ 63
Io n ia ..................... • 54
Iosco ..................... • 33
Isabella.................
43
Isle R o yale...........
Jackson................. ,. 70
K alam azoo........... . 68
K alkaska.............. .. 24
K e n t ..................... ■ 47
Keweenaw.............

r.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
ro.
rr.
r2.
r3.
14.
r5.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
3T.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.

Numerical.
Isle Royal.
Keweenaw.
Ontonagon.
Houghton.
Baraga.
Marquette.
Schoolcraft.
Chippewa.
Menominee,
Delta.
Mackinaw.
Manitou.
Emmett.
Charlevoix.
Cheboygan.
Presque Isle.
Leelenaw.
Antrim.
Otsego.
Montmorency.
Alpena.
Benzie.
Grand Traverse.
Kalkaska.
Crawford.
Oscoda.
Alcona.
Manistee.
W exford.
Missaukee.
Roscommon.
Ogemaw.
Iosco.
Mason.
Lake.
Osceola.
Clare.
Gladwin.

M ICHIGAN—Continued.
Alphabetical.
L a k e ........................
L apeer......................
Leelenaw ................
Lenawee .................
Livingston...............
M a ck in a c...............
M aco m b ...............
M anistee...............
Manitou ..................
M arquette...............
M ason......................
M ecosta...................
M enom inee..........
M id la n d .................
Missaukee...............
M onroe....................
M ontcalm ...............
Montmorency. . . .
Muskegon .............
Newaygo .............
Oakland.................
O c e a n a .................
O gem aw ...............
O nton agon...........
O sceola.................
Oscoda .................
O tsego...................
O ttaw a...................
Presque Is le .........
Roscom m on.........
Saginaw ................
Saint C lair...........
Saint Joseph.........
S a n ila c .................
Schoolcraft. . . . . .
Shiaw assee...........
T u scola.................
Van Buren...........
W ashtenaw...........
W ayne...................
Wexford . . . . . . . .

35 39.
58 40.
17 41.
78 42.
64 43.
II 44.
66 45.
28 46.
12 47.
6 48.
34 49.
42 50.
9 5r.
44 52.
30 53.
79 54.
48 55.
20 56.
46 57.
58.
41
65 59.
40 60.
32 6r.
3 62.
36 63.
26 64.
19 65.
53 66.
16 67.
68.
31
5< 69.
=
59 70.
71.
75
52 72.
7 73.
5 6 74.
75.
5i
67 76.
77.
71
72 78.
29 79.

Numerical.
Bay.
Oceana.
Newaygo.
Mecasta.
Isabella.
Midland.
Huron.
Muskegon.
Kent.
Montcalm.
Gratiot.
Saginaw.
Tuscola.
Sanilac.
Ottawa.
Ionia.
Clinton.
Shiawassee.
Genesee.
Lapeer.
Saint Clair.
Allegai
Barry.
Eaton.
Ingham.
Livingston.
Oakland.
Macomb.
Van Buren.
Kalamazoo.
Calhoun.
Jackson.
Washtenaw.
Wayne.
Berrien.
Cass.
Saint Joseph.
Branch.
Hillsdale.
Lenawee.
Monroe.

M INNESOTA.
Alphabetical.
A it k in ...................
15
A n o k a .................... 35
IO
B ecker......... . . . .
B eltra m i...............
4
Benton................... 26
Big Stone............. 29
Blue E arth ........... 64
B ro w n ...................
59
C a rlto n ................. . l6
C a rv er................... • 47
14
C ass........................
C h ip p ew a ............. • 38
Chisago ................ 28
C la y ........................ • 9
C o o k ..................... . 8
C otto n w oo d ......... 62
Crow W in g........... • i 7
Dakota................... • 5°
D o d g e.................... • 67
D ouglass...............
Faribault............... • 74
F illm o re ......... ■ . • 77
Freeborn............... • 75
Goodhue............... • 57
G ra n t.....................
H enn epin............. . 42
H o u sto n ............... . 78
Isan ti.....................
Itasca............... ..
• 5
Jackson................. • 72
K a n a b e e ............... • 25
K andiyohi............. • 39
K itts o n ..................
Lac-qui-parle---- • 37
Lake........................
Le Sueur............... • 55
L in co ln ................. • 5 i
L y o n ..................... • S2
M c L e o d ............... . 46
M arsh all----------M artin................... • 73
M e e k e r................. . 40
Mille L a c s ............ . r8
M orrison............... • 25
M ower................. . 76
Murray . . . . . . .
N ico llet...............
N obles................. • 7 i
O lm sted.............. . 68
Otter T a il...........

Numerical.
r. Kittson.
2. Marshall.
3. Polk.
4. Beltrami.
5. Itasca.
6. Saint Louis.
7. Lake.
8. Cook.
9. Clay.
ro. Becker.
rr. Wilkin.
r2. Otter Tail.
r3. Wadena.
r4- Cass.
15. Aitkin.
r6. Carlton.
17. Crow Wing.
r8. M ille Lacs.
19. Pine.
20. Travers.
2r. Grant.
22. Douglas.
23. Todd.
24. Morrison.
25. Kanabee.
26. Benton.
27. Isanti.
28. Chisago.
29. B ig Stone.
30. Stevens.
3r. Pope.
32. Stearns.
33. Sherburne.
34. Swift.
35. Anoka.
36. Washington.
37. Lac-qui-parle.
38. Chippewa.
39. Kandiyohi.
40. Meeker.
4r. Wright.
42. Hennepin.
43. Ramsey.
44. Yellow Medicine.
45. Renville.
46. M cLeod.
47. Carver.
48. Sibley.
49. Scott.
50. Dakota.

M I N N E S O T A —Continued.
Alphabetical.
P in e.......................... r9
Pipe Stone............. 60
P o lk .........................
3
P o p e ........................ 31
R am sey.................... 43
Redwood.................... 53
R en ville................... 45
R ic e ......................... 56
R o c k ........................ 70
Saint L ou is.............
6
S c o t t ........................ 49
Sherburne............... 33
Sibley ...................... 48
S tea rn s.................... 32
S teele....................... 66
S tev en s.................... 30
S w if t ........................ 34
T o d d ........................ 23
T ra v e rse .................. 20
W abashaw............... 58
W adena................... r3
W a se ca .................... f 5
Washington............. 36
W atonw an............... 63
W ilk in ---- . . . . . . . rr
W inona.................... 69
W rig h t..................... 4r
Yellow M edicin e.. 44

51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
6r.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
7r.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.

Numerical.
Lincoln.
Lyon.
Redwood.
Nicollet.
L e Sueur.
Rice.
Goodhue.
Wabashaw.
Brown.
Pipe Stone.
Murray.
Cottonwood.
Watonwan.
Blue Earth.
Waseca.
Steele.
Dodge.
Olmsted.
Winona.
Rock.
Nobles.
Jackson.
Martin.
Faribault.
Freeborn.
Mower.
Fillmore.
Houston.

M ISSISSIPPI.
Numerical.
Alphabetical.
r. De Soto.
A dam s...................... 59
2. Marshall.
A lco rn ...................
5
3. Benton.
A m it e ..................... 67
4. Tippah.
A tta lla ...................
37
5. Alcorn.
Benton....................
3
6. Tishomingo.
Bolivar.................... t8
7. Tunica.
21
Calhoun.................
8. Tate.
C a rro ll................... 3 °
9. Union.
22
Chickasaw ............
10. Prentiss.
C h o cta w ...............
32
11. Coahoma.
C la ib o rn e............... 52
12. Quitman.
C lark e.................... 57
13. Panola.
26
C la y ................. . .
II 14. L a Fayette.
C oahom a---- . . . .
15. Pontotoc.
C o p iah ................... 53
16. Lee.
C ovington. . . . . . .
63
17. Itawamba.
I
De S o to .................
60 18. Bolivar.
F ra n k lin ...............
G reene...................
7 1 r9- Tallahatchee
24 20. Tallabusha.
Grenada ...............
H a n co ck ............... 72 21. Calhoun.
Harrison ...........
73 22. Chickasaw.
H in d s ...................
47 23. Monroe.
H olm es.................
36 24. Grenada.
Issaqu ena............. 40 25. Sumner.
Itaw am b a.............
1 7 26. Clay.
J a ck so n ................
74 27. Washington.
Jasper.................... 5 6 28. Sun Flower.
Jefferson............... • 58 29. Le Flore.
Jones.....................
64 30. Carroll.
31. Montgomery
K em p er................ • 45
L a F ayette........ .. 14 32. Choctaw.
33. Oktibbeha.
L auerdale............. 5 i
Lawrence ............. 62 34. Lowndes.
Leake..................... • 43 35. Sharkey,
36. Holmes.
L e e ........... .
.
L e F lo re............... • 29 37. Attala.
38. Winston.
Lincoln ................. . 6 l
L ow nd es............... • 34 39. Noxubee.
40. Issaquena.
M a d iso n ...............
4r. Yazoo.
Marion .................
42. Madison.
M arsh all...............
M on roe............... .. • 23 43. Leake.
44. Neshoba.
Montgomery ... • 3 i
N e sh o b a ............... • 44 45. Kemper.
46. Warren.
Newton ......
N o x u b ee ...... • 39 47. Hinds.
O ktibbeha ..... • 33 48. Rankin.
P a n o la ........ • 13 49. Scott.
P erry ...................... • 70 50. Newton.
P ik e ......... . 68 51. Lauerdale.
P ontotoc............... • i 5 52. Claiborne.
53. Copiah.
Prentiss .......
54. Simpson.
Q u itm an ......
R a n k in ....... . 48 55. Smith.
S c o t t ..................... ■ 49 56. Jasper.
Sharkey................. • 35 57. Clarke.
S im p son ............... ■ 54 58. Jefferson.
Smith...................... • 55 59. Adams.
Sum ner............... • 25 60. Franklin.
Sun F low er......... . 28 61. Lincoln.
62. Lawrence.
Tallahatchee.........

INDEX TO COUNTIES.
M ISSISSIPPI—Continued.
Alphabetical.
T a te .......................
T ip p a h ............... .
T ish o m in g o ........
T u n ica..................
U n io n ...................
W a rre n .................
Washington..........
W ayn e...................
W ilkinson.............
Winston.............
Y aliab u sh a...........
Y a z o o ...................

8
4
6
7
9
46

65
66
38
20
41

63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.

Numerical.
Covington.
Jones.
Wayne.
Wilkinson.
Amite.
Pike.
Marion.
Perry.
Greene.
Hancock.
Harrison.
Jackson.

M ISSOURI.
Alphabetical.
A d a ir .....................
A n d rew . . . . . ---Atchison ............. .
I
Audrain................. . 42
B a rry ..................... • 103
B a rto n ................... • 83
B a te s.....................
Benton................. . 54
Bollinger............. ... 92
Boone .................... . 41
Buchanan .............
B u t le r ...................
C a ld w e ll............... • 23
C allaw ay............... .. 49
Camden................. . 63
Cape Girardeau.. • 93
C a rro ll................... • 3 1
C a r te r ................... . 98
C a ss........................ • 45
C ed a r.....................
75
C h a rito n ............... • 32
Christian............... . 96
C la rk e ................... • 9
C lay ........................ • 29
C lin to n .................
C o le ....................... • 57
Cooper.................. . 48
Craw ford.............. • 7 i
D a d e ..................... . 84
D a lla s ................... • 77
D aviess................. • i 3
De K a lb ............... • 19
D e n t ...................... • 79
D ouglas................. • 97
Dunklin................. •113
F ra n k lin ...............
G ascon ad e........... • 59
Gentry...................
Greene................... • 85
G ru n d y................. • 14
Harrison ............. • 4
H e n r y ................... • 53
H ickory................. . 68
H o lt.......................
H ow ard ................. . 40
H owell...................
Ir o n ........................
Jackson................. • 37
Jasper ................... . 94
Jefferson............... . 66
Johnson................. . 46
K n o x ..................... • 17
L acled e................. . 78
L a Fayette........... • 38
Lawrence ............. • 95
L ew is..................... . 18
L in co ln ................. • 44
L in n .......................
Livingston............. • 24
M cD onald............
M aco n ................... • 25
M ad iso n ............... . 81
M aries................... • 65
M a rio n ................. • 27
M ercer................... • 5
M ille r ................... . 64
M ississippi...........
Moniteau............... • 56
M onroe................. • 34
M ontgom ery........ •' 43
M organ................. ■ 55
New M adrid.........
N ew ton.................
Nodaway...............
O re g o n .................
Osage..................... • 58
O z a r k ...................
Pem iscot............... .114
P erry......................

Numerical.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

Atchison.
Nodaway.
Worth.
Harrison.
Mercer.
Putnam.
Schuylen
Scotland.
Clarke.
Holt.
Andrew.
Gentry.
Daviess.
Grundy.

15. Sullivan.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50;
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.

Adair.
Knox.
Lewis.
De Kalb.
Linn.
Buchanan.
Clinton.
Caldwell.
Livingston.
Macon.
Shelby.
Marion.
Platte.
Clay.
Ray.
Carroll.
Chariton.
Randolph.
Monroe.
Ralls.
Pike.
Jackson.
L a Fafayette.
Saline.
Howard.
Boone.
Audrain.
Montgomery.
Lincoln.
Cass.
Johnson.
Pettis.
Cooper.
Callaway.
Warren.
Saint Charles.
Saint Louis.
Henry.
Benton.
Morgan.
Moniteau.
Cole.
Osage.
Gasconade.
Franklin.
Bates.
Saint Clair.
Camden.
M iller.
Maries.
Jefferson.
Vernon.
Hickory.
Pulaski.
Phelps.
Crawford.
Washington.
Saint Francois.
Saint Genevieve.
Cedar.
Polk.
Dallas.
Laclede.
Dent.

MISSOURI —Continued.
Alphabetical.
P ettis.....................
P h elp s...................
P ik e .......................
P la tte ....................
P o lk ........................
P u la s k i.................
Putnam ...........
R a lls .....................
R a n d o lp h .............
R a y ........................
R eynolds..............
R ip le y ...................
Saint C harles. . . .
Saint C la ir...........
Saint Francois. . .
Saint G en eviev e..
Saint L o u is. . . . . .
S a lin e ...................
S ch u y ler...............
S co tlan d ...............
S c o t t .....................
Shannon . . . . . .
Shelby...................
Stoddard...............
Stone.....................
Sullivan.................
Taney ...................
T e x a s ...................
V e r n o n .................
W a rren .................
W ash ington.........
W ayne...................
W ebster.......... . . .
W o rth ......... . . .
W righ t..................

47
70
36
28
• 76
69
6

35
33
30
90
IO9

5i
62
73
74
52

39
7
8
IOO
89
26

99
104
i5

I0 5
88
67

5°
7.2
91
86

3
87

80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
io t »
108.
109.
no.
in .
112.
113.
114.

Numerical.
Iron.
Madison.
Perry.
Barton.
Dade.
Greene.
Webster.
Wright.
Texas.
Shannon.
Reynolds.
Wayne.
Bollinger.
Cape Girardeau.
Jasper.
Lawrence.
Christian.
Douglas.
Carter.
Stoddard.
Scott.
Newton.
McDonald.
Barry.
Stone.
Taney.
Ozark.
Howell.
Oregon.
Ripley.
Butler.
New Madrid.
Mississippi.
Dunklin.
Pemiscot.

M O N TAN A.
Alphabetical.
8
Beaver H ead . . . .
2
Choteau................
C u ste r...................
II
Dawson.................
3
Deer L o d ge.........
4
G a lla tin ................. IO
Jefferson...............
7
Lewis and Clarke. 5
M ad iso n ...... ..........
9
6
M eag h er...............
I
M issoula.................

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

Numerical.
Missoula.
Choteau.
Dawson.
Deer Lodge.
Lewis and Clarke.
Meagher.
Jefferson.
Beaver Head.
Madison.
Gallatin.
Custer.

N E B R A SK A .
Alphabetical.
A d am s.....................
A ntelope..................
B oone......................
Buffalo............... ......
B u rt..........................
B u tle r .....................
C ass..........................
Cedar........................
Chase........................
Cheyenne ...............
Clay..........................
C o lfa x .....................
Cum ing...................
C u ster.....................
D a k o ta ...................
Dawson....................
D ix o n ......................
D o d ge......................
Douglas...................
Dundy......................
F illm o re ......................
F ra n k lin ........ ..........
Frontier...................
Furnas.....................
G a g e ........................
Gosper.....................
G reeley....................
H a ll ................................
H a m ilto n ...................
Harlan ...........................
H a y e s ...........................
H itchcock ...................
H olt ................................
H oward ........................
Jefferson ......................
Johnson. ... ................
K e a r n e y .................
K e i t h ......................
K n o x .......................
L an caster...............
L in co ln ...................
M a d iso n .................
M errick...................

49
8
19
36
i5
3i
42

5
43
2

5°
21
14
l6

7
35
6
22
33
56
51
6l
45

59
66
46
18

37
38
60

44
57
3
27
65

54
48
24

4
4i
25
12
29

i.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.

Numerical.
Sioux.
Cheyenne.
Holt.
Knox.
Cedar.
Dixon.
Dakota.
Antelope.
Pierce.
Wayne.
Wheeler.
Madison.
Stanton.
Cuming.
Burt.
Custer.
Valley.
Greeley.
Boone.
Platte.
Colfax.
Dodge.
Washington.
Keith.
Lincoln.
Sherman.
Howard.
Nance.
Merrick.
Polk.
Butler.
Saunders.
Douglas.
Sarpy.
Dawson.
Buffalo.
Hall.
Hamilton.
York.
Seward.
Lancaster.
Cass.
Chase.

xv

N E B R A S K A —Continued.
Alphabetical.
N a n c e ................. .
Nemaha............... •
N u cko lls............. •
Otoe........................ •
P aw n ee................. •
P help s................... •
Pierce . . . . . . . . . . •
Platte.....................
P o lk ........................ •
Red W illo w ......... •
Richardson........... .
Saline.....................
Sarpy...................... •
Saunders............... •
S e w a rd ................. .
Sherm an...............
S io u x.....................
Stanton............. . . .
Thayer ................. .
V a lle y .............i .. •
Washington........... •
W ayne...................
W ebster.................
W h eeler................
Y ork ...................... •

28

55
63

53
67

47
9
3°
58
68

34
32
40

13
64

17
23

93

44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.

Numerical.
Hayes.
Frontier.
Gosper.
Phelps.
Kearney.
Adams.
Clay.
Fillmore.
Saline.
Otoe.
Johnson.
Nemaha.
Dundy.
Hitchcock.
Red Willow.
Furnas.
Harlan.
Franklin.
Webster.
Nuckolls.
Thayer.
Jefferson.
Gage.
Pawnee.
Richardson.

N EV AD A.
Alphabetical.
Churchill............... • 7
Douglas.................
E lko........................ • 3
Esmeralda............. • i 3
E u r e k a .................
H um boldt.............
Lander................... . 8
L in co ln ................. • i 5
L y o n ..................... . 6
N y e ............. .......... ■ 14
Ormsby . . . ' . .........
R o o p ......................
Sto rey.................... • 5
W ashoe.................. • 4
White P in e ...........
N EW

N EW

• 19
. 6
• 17
21
. 20
• 5
• 15
. IO
•
.

M o r a .....................
Rio A rrib a...........
San M iguel..........
Santa F e ...............
S o c o rro ................
T a os.......................
V a le n c ia ...............

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Numerical.
Coos.
Grafton.
Carroll.
Balknap.
Sullivan.
Merrimack.
Strafford.
Cheshire.
Hillsborough.
Rockingham.

JE R SE Y.

7
II

12
• 13
4

• 14
2
. 18
8
I

9
3

NEW
Alphabetical.
B ern a lillo ................
C o lfa x .........................
Dona A n a ................
G ra n t ..........................

Numerical.
Roop.
Humboldt.
Elko.
Washoe.
Storey.
Lyon.
Churchill.
Lander.
Eureka.
White Pine.
Ormsby.
Douglas.
Esmeralda.
Nye.
Lincoln.

H A M P S H IR E .

Alphabetical.
Balknap..................
C a rro ll................... • 3
C h esh ire............... . 8
Coos........................
G rafton .................
Hillsborough . . . . • 9
M errim ack........... . 6
Rockingham ......... . IO
Strafford . . . . . . . . • 7
Sullivan.................. • 5

Alphabetical.
A tlantic..........
Bergen...................
Burlington.............
Camden.................
Cape M ay .............
Cum berland.........
E ssex.....................
Gloucester.............
H udson.................
H unterdon...........
Mercer...................
M iddlesex.............
M onm outh...........
M orris ........................
Ocean ...................
Passaic...................
Salem.....................
Som erset...............
Sussex ...................
U n io n ....................
W a rre n ......................

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.

Numerical.
Sussex.
Passaic.
Warren.
Morris.
Essex.
Bergen.
Hunterdon.
Somerset.
Union.
Hudson.
Mercer.
Middlesex.
Monmouth.
Ocean.
Gloucester.
Camden.
Burlington.
Salem.
Atlantic.
Cumberland.
Cape M ay.

MEXICO.
5
2
12
11
4
3

7
6

9
I
8

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Numerical.
Taos.
Colfax.
Rio Arriba.
Mora.
Bernalillo.
Santa Fe.
San Miguel.
Valencia.
Socorro.
Lincoln.
Grant.
Dona Ana.

N E W YORK.
Alphabetical.
A lb a n y .................... 35
A llegh any.................. 43
B ro o m e......................47
Cattaraugus............. 42
C a y u g a .................... ?3
Chautauqua............. 41
Chemung................. 45
C h en an go ............... 32
C lin to n .................... 3
Columbia................. 40
Cortland................... 31
Delaware......... a. . . 48
Dutchess................. 51
E rie .......................... 27
E s se x .......................
6
F ra n k lin .................
2
F u lt o n ................... 17
Genesee................... 20
G reen e........................39
H am ilton................ 10
H erk im er...............
9
Jefferson.................
4
K ings........................ 58
L e w is....................... 5
L iv in g sto n ............. 29
M ad iso n ......... ... . 24
M onroe.......................14
M ontgom ery.......... 25
New Y o r k ............... 56
N iagara................... 12
O neida..................... 8
O nondaga............... 16
O n ta rio ................... 21
Orange...................... 52
O rlea n s................... 13
O sw ego .................... 7
O tsego...................... 33
Putnam .................... 53
Q u e e n s................... 59
Rensselaer.................. 36
Richmond............... 57
R o c k la n d .................. 54
Saint Law rence. . .
1
S a r a t o g a .............. 18
Schenectady........... 26
Sch oh arie............... 34
S ch u y ler................. 37
S en eca ..................... 22
Steuben................... 44
Suffolk................
60
Su llivan................... 49
Tioga ..................... 46
Tom p kins............... 38
U ls te r ...................
50
W a rre n .......................n
Washington............. 19
W ayne...................... 15
Westchester........ .... 55
W yoming................. 28
Y a te s ...................... 30

NORTH

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.

Numerical.
Saint Lawrence.
Franklin.
Clinton.
Jefferson.
Lewis.
Essex.
Oswego.
Oneida.
Herkimer.
Hamilton.
Warren.
Niagara.
Orleans.
Monroe.
Wayne.
Onondaga.
Fulton.
Saratoga.
Washington.
Genesee.
Ontario.
Seneca.
Cayuga.
Madison.
Montgomery.
Schenectady.
Erie.
Wyoming.
Livingston.
Yates.
Cortland.
Chenango.
Otsego.
Schoharie.
Albany.
Rensselaer.
Schuyler.
Tompkins.
Greene.
Columbia.
Chautauqua.
Cattaraugus.
Alleghany.
Steuben.
Chemung.
Tioga.
Broome.
Delaware.
Sullivan.
Ulster.
Dutchess.
Orange.
Putnam.
Rockland.
Westchester.
New York.
Richmond.
Kings.
Queens.
Suffolk.

C A R OL IN A .

Alphabetical.
A lam an ce............... 20
A lexander............... 31
A llegh any...............
2
A n s o n ...................... 85
Ashe ........................
1
B ea u fo rt.................... 53
Bertie....................... 24
Bladen...................... 90
Brunswick............... 93
Buncombe.................. 43
Burke........................ 45
Cabarrus...............
58
Caldwell ............... 30
Cam den.................... 13
C arteret................... 89
C a sw e ll.................... 6
C a ta w b a ................. 46
Chatham .................... 49
C h erokee................. 66
Chowan.................... 25
C la y .......................... 67
C lev e la n d ...........
74
C olu m bu s...........
92
C raven ..................... 82
Cum berland........... 77
C u rritu c k ............... 14
D a r e ........................ 41
Davidson................. 34
D a v ie....................... 33
D u p lin ..................... 79
Edgecom be............. 37

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.

Numerical.
Ashe.
Alleghany.
Surry.
Stokes.
Rockingham.
Caswell.
PeAon.
Granville.
Warren.
Northampton.
Hertford.
Gates.
Camden.
Currituck.
Watauga.
Walker.
Yadkin.
Forsyth.
Guilford.
Alamance.
Orange.
Franklin.
Halifax.
Bertie.
Chowan.
Perquimans.
Pasquotank.
Yancy.
Mitchell.
Caldwell.
Alexander.

INDEX TO COUNTIES.

XVI
NORTH C A R O L I N A —Continued.
_____
I
Numerical.
A lphabetical.
F orsyth ................... 18 32. Iredell.
F ra n k lin .................. 22 33. Davie.
Gaston ................... 75 34. Davidson.
G ates........................ 12 35. Wake.
Graham ................... 65 36. Nash.
Granville ............... 8 37. Edgecombe.
Greene..................... 64 38. Martin.
G u ilfo rd ................. 19 39. Washington.
H a lifa x .................... 23 40. Tyrrell.
H arnett................... 62 41. Dare.
H a y w o o d .................. 56 42. Madison.
H enderson................71 43. Buncombe.
H e rtfo rd ................. 11 44. M cDowell.
H y d e ....................... 54 45. Burke.
Iredell..................... 32 46. Catawba.
Jackson................... 69 47. Rowan.
Johnston................. 50 48. Randolph.
Jones........................ 81 49. Chatham.
Lenoir...................... 80 50. Johnston.
L in co ln ................... 57 51. Wilson.
M cD o w ell.............. 44 52. Pitt.
M acon..................... 68 53. Beaufort.
M ad iso n ...........
42 54. H yde.
M artin...................... 38 55. Swain.
56. Haywood.
Mecklenburgh........ 76
Mitchell................... 29 57. Lincoln.
Montgomery........... 60 58. Cabarrus.
M oore...................... 6r 59. Stanly.
N a s h ........................ 36 60. Montgomery.
New Hanover......... 94 61. Moore.
Northampton.......... 10 62. Harnett.
Onslow..................... 88 63. Wayne.
Orange...................
21 64. Greene.
Pam lico.................... 83 65. Graham.
Pasquotank............. 27 66. Cherokee.
Pender......... ......... 91 67. Clay.
Perquimans............. 26 68. Macon.
Person....................
7 69. Jackson.
Pitt............................ 52 70. Transylvania.
P o lk ..................
72 71. Henderson.
R an d o lp h ............... 48 72. Polk.
R ic h m o n d ............. 86 73. Rutherford.
R o b e s o n ............... 87 74. Cleveland.
Rockingham ........... 5 75. Gaston.
Row an...................... 47 76. Mecklenburgh.
Rutherford.............. 73 77. Cumberland.
Sampson................... 78 78. Sampson.
S ta n ly ...................... 59 79. Duplin.
Stokes....................... 4 80. Lenoir.
S u rry ........................ 3 8r. Jones.
Swain........................ 55 82. Craven.
Transylvania........... 70 83. Pamlico.
Tyrrell...................... 40 84. Union.
U nion....................... 84 85. Anson.
W a k e ........................ 35 86. Richmond.
Warren.....................
9 87. Robeson.
Washington............. 39 88. Onslow.
W atau ga.................... 15 89. Carteret.
Wayne...................... 63 90. Bladen.
W ilk es...................... 16 91. Pender.
W ilson...................... 51 92. Columbus.
Y ad kin ..................... 17 93. Brunswick.
Y an cy....................... 28 94. New Hanover.

O HIO—Conti n u e d .
Alphabetical.
Greene...................
Guernsey...............
Hamilton...............
H an cock...............
Hardin...................
Harrison................
Henry.....................
H ighland...............
H ocking.................
H olm es.................
H uron....................
Jackson.................
Jefferson. . . . . . . .
K n o x .....................
Lake.......................
Lawrence.................
L ic k in g .................
Logan.....................
L orain....................
Lucas............... ..
Madison.................
M ahoning.............
Marion...................
M ed in a .................
Meigs.......................
Mercer.....................
Miami.......................
M onroe.................
Montgomery.........
M organ.................
M orrow.................
Muskingum...........
Noble.......................
Ottawa...................
Paulding................
P erry .....................
Pickaw ay...............
P ik e ........................
P o rtag e.................
Preble.....................
Putnam ..................
R ichland...............
R oss.......................
Sandusky...............
Scioto.....................
S e n e ca ..................
S h e lb y ... .............
Stark.......................
Sum m it.................
Trum bull...............
Tuscarawas...........
U nion.....................
Van W ert...............
V in ton ...................
Warren...................
Washington...........
W ayne....................
W illiams................
W ood.....................
W yandot...............

6l

56
74
17
36
49
8
80

7i
39
J9
82
42

47
5
88

54
44
12
3
62
24

37
20
83

34
5i
66
60
72

38
55
65

4
15
64
70
81
22
59
l6
29
76
IO
86
18

43
32
21
23

40
45
25

77
68

73
3i

I

9
27

Numerical.
29. Richland.
3°- Ashland.
3 i- Wayne.
3 2- Stark.
33 - Columbiana.
34 - Mercer.
35 - Auglaize.
36. Hardin.
37 - Marion.
38 . Morrow.
39 * Holmes.
40. Tuscarawas.
41. Carroll.
42. Jefferson.
43 - Shelby.
44. Logan.
45 - Union.
46. Delaware.
47 - Knox.
48. Coshocton.
49. Harrison.
5 °- Darke.
5 i- Miami.
5 2- Champaign.
53 - Franklin.
54 - Licking.
55 - Muskingum.
5 6- Guernsey.
57 - Belmont.
58 . Clarke.
59 - Preble.
60. Montgomery.
6l. Greene.
62. Madison.
63- Fairfield.
64. Perry.
65 - Noble.
66. Monroe.
67. Butler.
68. Warren.
69. F ayette.
70. Pickaway.
7 i- Hocking.
72. Morgan.
73- Washington.
74- Hamilton.
75- Clinton.
76. Ross.
77- Vinton.
78. Athens.
79- Clermont.
80. Highland.
8 l. Pike.
82. Jackson.
83 - Meigs.
84. Brown.
85 - Adams.
86. Scioto.
87. Gallia.
88. Lawrence.

OREGON.
Num erical.

A lph abetical.

OHIO.
Alphabetical.
Adams......................
A lle n ........................
Ashland.................
Ashtabula — . A . .
Athens.....................
Auglaize...................
Belmont...................
Brown.......................
Butler.................
Carroll......................
Champaign..............
C la r k e ...................
Clerm ont.................
Clinton.....................
Columbiana.............
Coshocton...............
Craw ford.................
Cuyahoga.................
Darke.......................
Defiance...................
Delaware.................
E rie...........................
Fairfield...................
Fayette.....................
Franklin...............
F u lto n .....................
G a llia .......................
Geauga................

Num erical.

85
26
30
6
78
35
57
84
67
41
52
58
79
75
33
48
28
13
50
7
46
n
63
69
53
2
87
14

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
n.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.

Williams.
Fulton.
Lucas.
Ottawa.
Lake.
A.shtabula.
Defiance.
Henry.
Wood.
Sandusky,
Erie.
Lorain.
Cuyahoga.
Geauga.
Paulding.
Putnam.
Hancock.
Seneca.
Huron.
Medina.
Summit.
Portage.
Trum bull.
Mahoning.
Van Wert.
Allen.
Wyandot.
Crawford.

B aker.......................
Benton.....................
Clackamas...............
Clatsop.....................
Columbia.................
Coos.......................
C urry......................
Douglas.................
G rant.....................
Jackson.................
Josephine...............
Lake............... . —
L an e.......................
Linn........................
Marion...................
Multnomah...........
P o lk ........................
Tillam ook.............
Um atilla................
U nion..................... •
Wasco.....................
Washington...........
Yam H ill...............

1.
2.
12
7 • 3.
4.
I
2
5.
6.
18
20
7.
8.
19
9.
l6
22 10.
11.
21
12.
23
13.
14
14.
13
15.
II
4 16.
17.
IO
18.
5
19.
8
9 20.
r 5 21.
3 22.
6 23.

17

Clatsop.
Columbia.
Washington.
Multnomah.
Tillamook.
Yam H ill.
Clackamas.
Umatilla.
Union.
Polk.
Marion.
Benton.
Linn.
Lane.
Wasco.
Grant.
Baker.
Coos.
Douglas.
Curry.
Josephine.
Jackson.
Lake.

PENNSYLVANIA.
Num erical.

A lph abetical.

A d am s.....................
A llegh en y...............
Armstrong...............
B ea v e r.....................
B ed fo rd ...................

62
39
30
38

59

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Erie.
Crawford.
Warren.
M cKean.
Potter.

P E N N S Y L V A N I A —Continued.
Alphabetical.
B erks........................ 52
B lair..................
42
Bradford.................
7
B u c k s ...................... 53
B u tle r ...................... 29
C a m b ria .................... 41
Cam eron.................. 13
C a rb o n ................... 33
Centre...................... 31
C h ester.................... 65
C la r io n ................... 20
C lea rfie ld ............... 22
C lin to n .................... 23
Columbia................. 25
Crawford.................
2
Cum berland........... 54
D au p h in .................. 50
Delaware................. 66
E l k ........................... 12
E r ie .......................... x
F a y e tte ................... 57
F o re s t...................... 11
F ra n k lin .................... 61
F u lto n ...................... 60
G reen e..................... 56
H untingdon........... 48
Indiana.................
40
Jefferson.................. 21
Juniata ................. 44
Lackaw anna........... 17
L an ca ster.................. 64
L a w ren ce.............. 28
L eban o n .................... 51
L eh igh ..................... 45
L uzern e................... 26
L yco m in g............... 14
M c K e a n .................. 4
M ercer..................... 19
M ifflin ..................... 43
M onroe................... 27
M ontgomery......... 55
M on tou r.................. 24
Northampton.......... 37
Northumberland . . 35
P erry ........................ 49
Philadelphia........... 67
P ik e .......................... 18
P o tte r ...................... 5
Schuylkill................ 36
Sn yd er..................... 34
Somerset.................. 58
Su llivan ................... 15
Susquehanna........... 8
T io g a ....................... 6
U n io n ...................... 32
V e n a n g o ................. 10
W a rre n .................... 3
W ashington............ 46
W ayne...................... 9
Westmoreland . . . . 47
W y o m in g ............... 16
Y o r k ........................ 63

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.

ISLAND.

RHODE

Num erical.

A lph abetical.

B ristol.........
K e n t ......................
N e w p o rt...............
P rovidence...........
Washington...........

SOUTH
Alphabetical.
Abbeville .............
A ik e n ...................
A n d e rso n .............
B arn w ell...............
B ea u fo rt...............
Charleston.............
C h este r.................
Chesterfield...........
Clarendon.............
C o lle to n ...............
D a rlin gto n ...........
Edgefield...............
F a irfie ld ...............
G eo rgeto w n .........
G reenville.............
Hampton...............
H u r r y ....................
K ersh a w ...............
Lancaster ..............
Laurens.................
L exin gton.............

Numerical.
Tioga.
Bradford.
Susquehanna.
Wayne.
Venango.
Forest.
Elk.
Cameron.
Lycoming.
Sullivan.
Wyoming.
Lackawanna.
Pike.
Mercer.
Clarion.
Jefferson.
Clearfield.
Clinton.
Montour.
Columbia.
Luzerne.
Monroe.
Lawrence.
Butler.
Armstrong.
Centre.
Union.
Carbon.
Snyder.
Northumberland.
Schuylkill.
Northampton.
Beaver.
Allegheny.
Indiana.
Cambria.
Blair.
Mifflin.
Juniata.
Lehigh.
Washington.
Westmoreland.
Huntingdon.
Perry.
Dauphin.
Lebanon.
Berks.
Bucks.
Cumberland.
Montgomery.
Greene.
Fayette.
Somerset.
Bedford.
Fulton.
Franklin.
Adams.
York.
Lancaster.
Chester.
Delaware.
Philadelphia.

3
2
5
1
4

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Providence.
Kent.
Bristol.
Washington.
Newport.

CAROLINA.
13
24
8
29

33
3°
IO

11
26
32
17
19
15
28

3
3i
23
l6

7
9
20

Numerical.
I. Oconee.
2 . Pickens.
3- Greenville.
4 - Spartanburgh.
5 - Union.
6 . York.
7 - Lancaster.
8. Anderson.
9 - Laurens.
IO. Chester.
II. Chesterfield.
12. Marlborough.
13- Abbeville.
14. N ewberry.
15- Fairfield.
l6. Kershaw.
i 7- Darlington.
18. Marion.
19. Edgefield.
20. Lexington.
21. Richland.

SO U T H

C A R O L IN A —Continued.
Numerical.

A lph abetical.

Marion......................
Marlborough...........
N e w b erry ...............
O c o n e e ..............
O ran gebu rgh .........
P icken s....................
R i c h l a n d .............
Spartanburgh..........
Sum ter..............
U nion.......................
Williamsburgh . . . .
Y o r k ........................

18
12
14
1
25
2
21
4
22
5
27
6

22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.

Sumter.
Hurry.
Aiken.
Orangeburgh.
Clarendon.
Williamsburgh.
Georgetown.
Barnwell.
Charleston.
Hampton.
Colleton.
Beaufort.

TENNESSEE.
Alphabetical.
A n d e rso n .............
Bedford.................
Benton...................
B led soe.................
Blount...................
B rad ley.................
Cam pbell..............
C an n on .................
C arro ll........ ..........
C a rte r ...................
Cheatham .............
C la ib o rn e .............
C la y .......................
Cocke ...................
C o ffe e ...................
Crockett . . . . . . . .
Cum berland.........
Davidson...............
D ecatur............... .
De K a lb ...............
D ickson.................
D y e r .....................
F a y e tte ...............
Fentress................
F ra n k lin ............. .
G ibson.................
G ile s .....................
G ra in g e r............
G reene.................
G ru n d y ...............
H am blen............
H a m ilto n ...........
H an cock.............
H ardem an..........
H ard in ................
H a w k in s............
H a y w o o d ...........
H end erson.........
H e n r y .................
H ickm an.............
Houston...............
Humphreys.........
Jackson...............
Jam es...................
Jefferson.............
Johnson.. . . . —
K n o x ....................
L a k e ....................
Lauderdale.........
Lawrence ...........
L ew is...................
L in co ln ...............
L ou d on ...............
M cM in n .............
M cN airy.............
M acon.................
M ad iso n .............
M a r io n ...............
M arsh all.............
M a u r y .................
Meigs...................
M onroe........... ....
Montgomery. . . .
M oore.................
M organ...............
O b io n .................
O verton..............
P erry ....................
P o lk .....................
P utnam .........
R h e a ...................
R o a n e .................
Robertson...........
R utherford.........
S c o t t ...................
S eq u atch ie.........
S e v ie r .................
Sh elby.................
I S m ith ...................

Num erical.

43
72
36
60
63

93
10

57
35
3i
21
11
6
46

74
53
41
22
68

48
38
33
81
8
89

34
87
27
29

75
28
91
12
82
84
13
65
67
19

55
20

37
25
92

45
15

44
16

52
86
69
88
62

78
83

5
66
90

7i
70

77
79
2

73
42
17

7
54
94
40
61

50
3
47
9
76

5i
80
24

1. Stewart.
2. Montgomery.
3 - Robertson.
4 - Sumner.
5 - Macon.
6. Clay.
7 - Overton.
8. Fentress.
9 - Scott.
10. Campbell.
11. Claiborne.
12. Hancock.
i 3 - Hawkins.
14. Sullivan.
i 5 - Johnson.
16. Lake.
I 7- Obion.
18. Weakley.
19. Henry.
20. Houston
21. Cheatham.
22. Davidson.
23- Trousdale.
24. Smith.
25 - Jackson.
26. Union.
27. Grainger.
28. Hamblen.
29. Greene.
3 °- Washington.
3 1* Carter.
3 2- Unicoi.
33 - Dyer.
34 - Gibson.
35 - Carroll.
36- Benton.
37- Humphreys.
38 . Dickson.
39 - Wilson.
40. Putnam.
41. Cumberland.
42. Morgan.
43 - Anderson.
44. Knox.
45 - Jefferson.
46. Cocke.
47 - Rutherford.
48. De K alb.
49. White.
5 °- Roane.
5 1* Sevier.
5 2- Lauderdale.
53 - Crockett.
54 - Perry.
55 - Hickman.
56. Williamson.
57 - Cannon.
58 . Warren.
59 - Van Buren.
60. Bledsoe.
61. Rhea.
62. Loudon.
63- Blount.
64. Tipton.
6S- Haywood.
66. Madison.
67. Henderson.
68. Decatur.
69. Lewis.
70. Maury.
7 i- Marshall.
72. Bedford.
73 - Moore.
74 - Coffee.
75 - Grundy.
76. Sequatchie.
77< Meigs.
78. McMinn.
79 - Monroe.

INDEX TO COUNTIES.
T E N N E S S E E —Continued.
Numerical.

A lph abetical.

S te w a rt.................... i
Sullivan.................... 14
Sum ner.................... 4
T i p t o n . . . . ............. 64
T rou sd ale............... 23
U n ico i...................... 32
U n io n ...................... 26
Van B u ren ............. 59
W a rre n ....... ............ 58
Washington............. 30
W ayne...................... 85
W e a k le y ................. 18
W hite....................... 49
W illiam son............. 56
W ilso n .................... 39

80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.

Shelby.
Fayette.
Hardeman.
McNairy.
Hardin.
Wayne.
Lawrence.
Giles.
Lincoln.
Franklin.
Marion.
Hamilton.
James.
Bradley.
Polk.

TEXAS.
Alphabetical.
Anderson.................123
1.
2.
A n d re w s---95
142
Angelina........
3.
A ran sas.........
216
4.
A r c h e r ..........
5.
44
18
Arm strong. . .
6.
Atascosa . . . .
199
7.
A u stin ...........
180
8.
27
B ailey.............
9.
Bandera........
10.
185
178
11.
B astrop...........
B a y lo r............
43 12.
212
B e e .................
13.
136
14.
B e l l .................
189 15.
B e x a r.............
163
16.
B lan co...........
B ord en...........
77 17.
11 9
Bosque..........
18.
B o w ie............
53 19.
206 20.
Brazoria........
21.
Brazos...........
151
Briscoe..........
24 22.
116
23.
B row n ...........
166 24.
Burleson........
148 25.
Burnet...........
177
Caldwell — .
26.
214 27.
Calhoun.........
C allah an ----101
28.
225 29.
Cam eron. . . .
70 30.
C a m p ............
C arson ..........
13 31.
C ass...............
73 32.
22 33.
C astro............
Chambers . . .
183 34.
124 35.
C herokee. . . .
26 36.
Childress . . . .
C la y ...............
45 37.
Cochran.........
36 38.
Colem an........
“ 5 39.
C o llin ............
66 40.
Collingsworth
20 41.
Colorado. . . .
193 42.
C om al............
x75 43.
117 44.
Com anche. . .
Concho .........
131 45 C ooke............
47 46.
C o ry ell........
135 47.
C ottle........ .
32 48.
160 49.
Crockett........
C ro sb y ..........
39 50.
1 51.
D allam ...........
86 52.
D allas............
D aw son.........
76 53.
Deaf Sm ith..
16 54.
D e lta .........
5 i 55.
D enton. . .
65 56.
202 57.
De W itt. . .
40 58.
D ickens. . .
D im m it. . .
208 59.
D onley. . . .
*9 60.
219 61.
D u val........
102 62.
Eastland..
172 63.
Edw ards..
108 64.
E llis ..........
127 65.
E l P aso. . .
218 66.
E n cin a l. ..
Erath — .
103 67.
F a lls.........
137 68.
F a n n in .. .
49 69.
179 70.
F a y e tte .. .
Fisher
79 71.
Floyd
3 ° 72.
Fort Bend
195 73.
Franklin
69 74.
122 75.
Freestone
198 | 76.
F rio ........

Numerical.
Dallam.
Sherman.
Hansford.
Ochiltree.
Lipscomb.
Hartley.
Moore.
Hutchinson.
Roberts.
Hemphill.
Oldham.
Potter.
Carson.
Gray.
Wheeler.
Deaf Smith.
Randall.
Armstrong.
Donley.
Collingsworth.
Parmer.
Castro.
Swisher.
Briscoe.
Hall.
Childress.
Bailey.
Lamb.
Hale.
Floyd.
Motley.
Cottle.
Hardeman.
Walbarger.
Wichita.
Cochran.
Hockley.
Lubbock.
Crosby.
Dickens.
King.
Knox.
Baylor.
Archer.
Clay.
Montague.
Cooke.
Grayson.
Fannin.
Lamar.
Delta.
Red River.
Bowie.
Yoakum.
Terry.
Lynn.
Garza.
Kent.
Stonewall.
Haskell.
Throckmorton.
Young.
Jack.
Wise.
Denton.
Collin.
Hunt.
Hopkins.
Franklin.
Camp.
Titus.
Morris.
Cass.
Marion.
Gaines.
Dawson.

T E X A S —Continued.
Alphabetical.
Gaines...................
G alveston.............
G arza.....................
G illespie................
G o liad ...................
G o n zales..............
G ra y .......................
G rayson.................

■ 75

77 78.

.213
.191

79*
80.
81.
82.

. 48

83 84.

• 57

G reg g .................... • 93
Grim es................... •153
Guadalupe.............
H a le .................... . • 29
H a ll........................ • 25
Hamilton............... .118
H ansford---- ---- • 3
Hardeman........ .. • 33
H ardin..................
H arris........ ...........
Harrison................ • 94
H artley.................. . 6
H askell..................
H a y s......................
H em phill..............
H enderson...........
H idalgo..................
H ill........................
H o ck ley ................
H o o d .....................
H op kin s................ . 68
H ouston................
H ow ard................. • 97
H u n t...................... • 67
H utchinson.......... . 8
J a c k ....................... • 63
Jackson.................
J asper.................... •158
J e ffe r s o n ............. . 184
Johnson................
J ones..................... . 80
K a rn e s..................
K aufm an............... . 88
K en d a ll......... . . . .174
K e n t...................... • 58
K e r r ....................... •173
K im ble..................
K in g .......................
K in n ey ..................
K n o x .....................
Lam ar.................... • 5 °
L am b..................... . 28
Lam pasas.............. ■134
L a S a lle ................
L av aca ...................
L e e ......................... .165
L e o n ...................... • i 39
L ib erty..................
Lim estone.............
Lip scom b.............. • 5
Live O ak ..............
L la n o .....................
Lubbock................ • 38
L y n n ......................
M cCulloch............ .132
M cLennan............
M cM u llen............
Madison................. .152
M arion.................. • 74
M artin................... . 96
M ason...................
M atagorda............ .205
M averick..............
M edina.................. .188
M enard................. •145
M ilam .................... .150
M itchell................ . 98
M ontague............. . 46
M ontgom ery........ .168
M oore.................... • 7
M orris................... • 7 2
M otley................... • 3 i
Nacogdoches........ .125
N avarro................
N ew ton................. •159
Nolan..................... • 99
N ueces...................
Ochiltree............... • 4
Oldham .................
O range...... ........ . 171
Palo P in to ............ • 83
Panola................... • r l 3
P arker................... . 84
Parm er...................
P ecos......................
P o lk ....................... .156
P otter.....................

85 86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.

93 94.
95 96.
97 98.
99.
IOO.
IOI.
102.
103.
IO4.
105.
106.
I07.
108.
IO9.
IIO.
III.
112.
n 3114.
i i 5I l6.
H 7118.
119.
120.
1 21.
122.
123.
I24.
125.
126.
I27.
128.
I29.
130.
131*
132.

133i 34 i 35 136.
i 37 138.
i 39 140.
141.
142.

143144.
i 45 146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151152.

153i 54 155156.

157158.

159160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.

N umerical.
Borden.
Scurry.
Fisher.
Jones.
Shackelford.
Stephens.
Palo Pinto.
Parker. .
Tarrant.
Dallas.
Rockwall.
Kaufman.
Van Zandt.
Rains.
Wood.
Upshur.
Gregg.
Harrison.
Andrews.
Martin.
Howard.
Mitchell.
Nolan.
Taylor.
Callahan.
Eastland.
Erath.
Hood.
Somervell.
Johnson.
Hill.
Ellis.
Navarro.
Henderson.
Smith.
Rusk.
Panola.
Runnels.
Coleman.
Brown.
Comanche.
Hamilton.
Bosque.
McLennan.
Limestone.
Freestone.
Anderson.
Cherokee.
Nacogdoches.
Shelby.
El Paso.
Presidfo.
Pecos.
Tom Green.
Concho.
M cCulloch.
San Saba.
Lampasas.
Coryell.
Bell.
Falls.
Robertson.
Leon.
Houston.
Trinity.
Angelina.
San Augustine.
Sabine.
Menard.
Mason.
Llano.
Burnet.
Williamson.
Milam.
Brazos.
Madison.
Grimes.
Walker.
San Jacinto.
Polk.
T yler.
Jasper.
Newton.
Crockett.
Kimble.
Gillespie.
Blanco.
Travis.
Lee.
Burleson.
Washington.
Montgomery.
Liberty.
Hardin.
Orange.

XVI1

T E X A S —Continued.
Num erical.

A lph abetical.

P residio................
R ain s...................... . 90
R and all................. • 17
Red R iv e r............ • 5 2
R efu gio ................. •215
R o berts................. • 9
Robertson............. .138
R o ck w a ll.............. - 87
R un nels.................
R u s k ................•...
Sabine....................
San A u g u stin e... •143
San Jacinto.......... •155
San P atricio.........
San Saba............... •133
Shackelford.......... . 81
Sh elby...................
Sherman................
Scurry.................... • 78
Sm ith.....................
Som ervell............. .105
S tarr.......................
Stephens................
Stonew all.............. • 59
Swisher.................. • 23
T arrant.................. • 85
T a y lo r ............. ......
T e r r y ..................... • 55
Throckmorton . . . . 6l
T it u s ..................... • 7 i
Tom G reen .......... .130
T ra v is....................
T rin ity ................... .14 1
T y le r ...................... • i 57
U p sh u r ................. . 92
U va ld e................... .187
Yan Z a n d t............
V ictoria..................
W alker................... •154
Waller ................. .181
W ashington..........
W ebb......................
W harton................
W heeler................. • i 5
W ich ita..................
Walbarger.............. • 34
W illiam son............ .149
W ilson...................
W ise....................... . 64
W oo d ..................... • 9 i
Y o u n g ....................
Y oaku m .............. .. • 54
Zapata...................
Zavalla...................

172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197.
198.
199.
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
211.
212.
213.
214.
215.
216.
217.
218.
219.
220.
221.
222.
223.
224.
225.

A lph abetical.

Edwards.
Kerr.
Kendall.
Comal.
Hays.
Caldwell.
Bastrop.
Fayette.
Austin.
Waller.
Harris.
Chambers.
Jefferson.
Bandera.
Kinney.
Uvalde.
Medina.
Bexar.
Guadalupe.
Gonzales.
Lavaca.
Colorado.
Wharton.
Fort Bend.
Maverick.
Zavalla.
Frio.
Atascosa.
Wilson.
Karnes.
De Witt.
Victoria.
Jackson.
Matagorda.
Brazoria.
Galveston.
Dimmit.
L a Salle.
M cMullen.
Live Oak.
Bee.
Goliad.
Calhoun.
Refugio.
Aransas.
Webb.
Encinal.
Duval.
Nueces.
San Patricio
Zapata.
Starr.
Hidalgo.
Cameron.

Orange .................. IO
O rleans.................... 4
R u tlan d ................... I I
W ashington............. 7
W indham ................ 14
W indsor................. 12

UTAH.
N um erical.

A lphabetical.

B eaver...................
B o x E ld e r........ ...
Cach6.....................
D avis..................... •
E m ery................... •
Ir o n ........................
Ju ab....................... •
K a n e ..................... •
M illard .................. •
M organ................. .
Pi U te ................... •
R ic h ....................... •
San Juan ............
Salt L a k e .............. .
San P ete............... •
Sevier.....................
Summit.................. •
T o o e le................... •
Uintah....................
U ta h .......................
W asatch.................
W ashington..........
W eber.................... •

5
17
13

23
i5
6

19
3
8
14

9
7

4

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.

Box Elder.
Cache.
Rich.
Weber.
Davis.
Morgan.
Tooele.
Salt Lake.
Summit.
Utah.
Wasatch.
Uintah.
Juab.
San Pete.
Millard.
Sevier.
Emery.
Beaver.
Pi Ute.
Iron.
San Juan.
Washington.
Kane.

VERMONT.
Num erical.

A lph abetical.

A d dison........ .
Bennington...........
C aledon ia.............
C h itten d en ---- -E ssex.....................
F ra n k lin ...............
Grand Is le ...........
Lam oille................

V E R M O N T —Continued.

• 9
• 13
. 8
. 6
•
.

5
2

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Grand Isle.
Franklin.
Lamoille.
Orleans.
Essex.
Chittenden.
Washington.
Caledonia.

Numerical.
9. Addison.
10. Orange.
i t . Rutland.
12. Windsor.
13. Bennington.
14. Windham.

V IR G I N I A .
Alphabetical.
A ccom ack............... 48
Albem arle............... 23
A lexan dria.............. 9
A lle gh a n y ............... 27
A m elia ..................... 53
Amherst................... 38
A p p o m attox........... 53
Augusta.................... 22
B a th ......................... 21
Bedford.................... 52
B lan d ....................... 64
B otetourt................ 37
Brunsw ick............... 94
Buchanan................ 62
Buckingham . . . . . . 39
Cam pbell................. 67
Caroline................... 25
C a rro ll..................... 88
Charles C ity ........... 57
Charlotte................ 68
Chesterfield............. 56
C lark e...................... 2
C ra ig ........................ 36
Culpeper................. 13
Cumberland ........... 40
D in w iddie..................70
Elizabeth C ity ---- 83
E ssex........................ 33
F a irfa x ..................... 8
Fauquier.................
6
F lo y d ....................... 78
F ulvan na................. 30
Franklin................... 66
F rederick................
1
G ile s......................... 49
Gloucester............... 45
G oochland.............. 42
G rayson................... 87
G r e e n e ................. 16
G reenville............... 95
H alifa x .................... 92
H anover.................. 31
H enrico................... 43
H en ry ...................... 90
H ighland.......... ..
15
Isle of W ight......... 81
James C ity ............. 73
K ing and Q ueen... 32
K ing G eorge.......... 20
K ing W illiam .........44
Lancaster................. 47
L e e ....................
84
L ou d ou n .................. 3
Louisa....................... 24
Lunenburgh............ 79
M a d is o n ................ 17
M atthews....................59
Mecklenburgh . . . . 93
M iddlesex............... 46
M ontgomery...........50
Nansem ond............ 97
N elson...................... 29
New K e n t............... 58
N o rfo lk ................... 98
Northampton.......... 60
Northum berland... 35
N ottow ay................ 69
O range..................... 18
P a g e ......................... 11
P atrick........ ............ 89
P ittsylvania............ 91
Powhatan................. 41
Prince E d w ard ---- 54
Prince G e o r g e .... 71
Princess A n n e----- 99
Prince W illiam . . . .
7
Pulaski..................... 65
Rappahannock----- 12
Richmond................ 34
R oan oke.................. 51
Rockbridge............. 28
R ockingham ........... 10
R ussell..................... 75
S co tt......................... 85
Shenandoah . . . . . .
4

Num erical.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.

Frederick.
Clarke.
Loudoun.
Shenandoah.
Warren.
Fauquier.
Prince William.
Fairfax.
Alexandria.
Rockingham.
Page.
Rappahannock.
Culpeper.
Stafford.
Highland.
Greene.
Madison.
Orange.
Spottsylvania.
K in g George.
Bath.
Augusta.
Albemarle.
Louisa.
Caroline.
Westmoreland.
Alleghany.
Rockbridge.
Nelson.
Fulvanna.
Hanover.
K in g and Queen.
Essex.
Richmond.
Northumberland.
Craig.
Botetourt.
Amherst.
Buckingham.
Cumberland.
Powhatan.
Goochland.
Henrico.
K ing William.
Gloucester.
Middlesex.
Lancaster.
Accom ack.
Giles.
Montgomery.
Roanoke.
Bedford.
Appomattox.
Prince Edward.
Amelia.
Chesterfield.
Charles City.
New Kent.
Matthews.
Northampton.
Wise.
Buchanan.
Tazewell.
Bland.
Pulaski.
Franklin.
Campbell.
Charlotte.
Nottoway.
Dinwiddie.
Prince George.
Surry.
James City.
York.
Russell.
Smyth.
Wythe.
Floyd.
Lunenburgh.
Sussex.
Isle of Wight.
Warwick.
Elizabeth City.
Lee.
Scott.

INDEX TO COUNTIES.

xviii
V I R G I N I A - - C o n tin u e d .
Alphabetical.
S m y th ...................
Southampton........
Spottsylvania . . . .
Stafford.................
S u rry .......................
Sussex...................
T a zew ell...............
W arren..................
W arw ick............. ..
W ashington..........
Westmoreland. . .
W ise.......................
W yth e....................
Y o r k .........................

76
96

r9
14
72
80
63

5
82
86
26
61
77
74

86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.

Numerical.
Washington.
Grayson.
Carroll.
Patrick.
Henry.
Pittsylvania.
H alifax.
Mecklenburgh.
Brunswick.
Greenville.
Southampton.
Nansemond.
Norfolk.
Princess Anne.

W A SH IN G TO N .
Alphabetical.
C h e h a lis.................
C lallam ...................
C la rk e .....................
C o lu m b ia ...............
Cowlitz ...................
Is la n d ......................
Jefferson..................
K i n g ........................
K its a p .....................
K lik ita t...................
Lewis........................
M ason.....................
P acific.....................
Pierce .....................
San Juan.................
S k a m a n ia ...............
Snohom ish.............
Spokan.....................
S tev en s............. ......
T h u rston ................
W ahkiaku m ...........
Walla W a lla ...........
W hatcom .................
W hitm an.................
Y a k im a ...................

10
6
21
24
20
4

7
9
8

25
17
II
l6

13
I
22

5
15
3
12
19
23
2
18
14

I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.

Numerical.
San Juan.
Whatcom.
Stevens.
Island;
Snohomish.
Clallam.
Jefferson.
Kitsap.
King.
Chehalis.
Mason.
Thurston.
Pierce.
Yakima.
Spokan.
Pacific.
Lewis.
Whitman.
Wahkiakum.
Cowlitz.
Clarke.
Skamania.
Walla Walla.
Columbia.
Klikitat.

W E ST
Alphabetical.
Barbour...................
Berkeley..................
Boone ......................
B rax to n ..................
B rooke.....................
C a b e ll.....................
Calhoun .................
C la y ..........................
D o d d rid g e.............
F a y e tte ...................
G ilm er.....................
G ra n t.......................
G reen b rier.............
Hampshire..............
H an cock.................
H ardy ...................
H arrison.................
Jackson...................
Jefferson.................
Kanawha.................
L e w is.......................
Logan ......................
M cD ow ell...............
M a r io n ...................
M arsh all.................
M ason......................
M ercer.....................
M ineral...................
Monongalia.............
M onroe...................
M organ...................
N ich o las.................
Ohio..........................
P e n d le to n .............
Pleasants.................
Pocahontas.............
P reston ...................
Putnam ...................
R a leigh ...................
Randolph ...............
R it c h ie ...................
R o a n e ......................
Summers.................

VIRGINIA.

18
24
46

33
2
36
28
39
12
48
29
20
49
22
I
31
13
27
25
38
17

45
53
8

4
26

54
21
6
52
23

43
3
35
II

44
9
37
47
34
16
32
51

•

W EST

V I R G I N I A — C o n tin u e d .

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.

Numerical.
Hancock.
Brooke.
Ohio.
Marshall.
Wetzel.
Monongalia.
Tyler.
Marion.
Preston.
Wood.
Pleasants.
Doddridge.
Harrison.
Taylor.
Wirt.
Ritchie.
Lewis.
Barbour.
Tucker.
Grant.
Mineral.

Alphabetical.
T a y lo r.....................
T u c k e r .................
T y le r.....................
U p sh u r.................
W ayne...................
W ebster.......... .
W etzel...................
W ir t.................
W oo d .....................
W yom ing..............

Alphabetical.
A d a m s................... 39
A sh lan d ................
4
Barron . . . . ........
6
2
B a yfield ..................
Brow n...................... 31
Buffalo..................
24
Burnett..................
3

23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.

Morgan.
Berkeley.
Jefferson.
Mason.
Jackson.
Calhoun.
Gilmer.
Upshur.
Hardy.
Roane.
Braxton.
Randolph.
Pendleton.
Cabell.
Putnam.
Kanawha.
Clay.
Webster.
Wayne.
Lincoln.
Nicholas.
Pocahontas.

C h ip p ew a.............
Clark ......................
Colum bia................
C raw ford ..............
D a n e .......................
D o d g e......................
D o o r .......................
D ouglas...................
D u n n.......................
Eau C laire............
Fond du L a c ---G ra n t.......................
G reen ....................
Green L a k e ............
Io w a.........................
Jackson.................
Jefferson...............
Juneau.....................
K en osh a..................
K ew aunee.............
L a Crosse.............
L a F ayette......... ■

14
19

7
3°
4i
40

5
15
IO

5°

45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
32.
.53.
54.

Numerical.
Logan.
Boone.
Raleigh.
Fayette.
Greenbrier.
Wyoming.
Summers.
Monroe.
M cDowell.
Mercer.

W ISC O N SIN .

I

14
22
47
51

54
48
18
I
13
21
42
52
60
41
53
26
55

38
63
23
36

59

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

Numerical.
Douglas.
Bayfield.
Burnett.
Ashland.
Polk.
Barron.
Price.
New.
Oconto.
Marinette.
Saint Croix.
Dunn.
Chippewa.
Taylor.
Marathon.
Shawano.
Door.
Pierce.
Pepin.
Eau Claire.
Clark.
Kewaunee.
Buffalo.
Trempealeau.
Jackson.
Wood.
Portage.
Waupaca.
Outagamie.

W I S C O N S I N — C o n tin u e d .
Alphabetical.
L in co ln .................
M anitowoc............
M arathon................
M arinette................
M arquette...............
M ilw aukee............
M on ro e...................
N ew ................. .....
O con to.....................
Outagam ie..............
O zaukee..................
Pepin........................
Pierce ......................
P o lk .........................
Portage....................
P r ic e ........................
R a cin e .....................
R ich lan d .................
R o c k ........................
Saint C ro ix ...........
S a u k .........................
Sheboygan.......... ..
T aylo r......................
Trem pealeau..........
V ern on.....................
W alw orth.................
W ashington............
W aukesha................
W aupaca.................
Waushara ...............
W innebago...........
W o o d .....................

8

35
l6
II
40

57
37
9
IO

3°
5o
20
19

5
28

7
58
45
61
12
46
43
15
25
44
62
49
56
29
32

33
27

31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.

Numerical.
Brown.
Waushara.
Winnebago.
Calumet.
Manitowoc.
L a Crosse.
Monroe.
Juneau.
Adams.
Marquette.
Green Lake.
Fond du Lac.
Sheboygan.
Vernon.
Richland.
Sauk.
Columbia.
Dodge.
Washington.
Ozaukee.
Crawford.
Grant.
Iowa.
Dane.
Jefferson.
Waukesha.
Milwaukee.
Racine.
L a Fayette.
Green.
Rock.
Walworth.
Kenosha.

W YO M IN G.
Alphabetical.
A lb a n y ...................
Carbon...................
C ro o k .....................
L aram ie.................
Pease ......................
Sweetwater............
U in tah ................... •

6

5
2
7
I

4
3

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Numerical.
Pease.
Crook.
Uintah.
Sweetwater.
Carbon.
Albany.
Laramie.

I —P hysical G eography.
INDEX

TO P O G R A P H IC

TO

PLATES.

M A P ............................................... Plate 1 SPR IN G AND

SU M M ER

R A IN F A L L ................Plate 4

MEAN TEM PER ATU R E, JANUARY AND JULY, Plate 2 AN N U A L R A IN F A L L .................................................. Plate 4
RIVER

MEAN A N N U A L T E M P E R A T U R E ......................... Plate 3

B A S IN S ........................................................... Plate 5

H YPSO M ETR IC S K E T C H ....................................... Plate 3 FORESTRY— ESTIM ATED T IM B E R SUPPLY, Plate 5

The western member of this system is

T o p o g r a p h y . — In describing the physical

near Lynchburgh, its height is over 4,000 feet.

features of the United States, we have first to

Entering North Carolina it develops into a

known

consider the general topography of the country

series of ranges and cross-ranges, forming a

names.

— its framework, as it may be called— since

tangled mass of mountains, which cover the

Alleghany plateau.

upon

depends, to a great extent, its

whole western part of the state and rise to

it is extremely broken and eroded, different

temperature, aridity of atmosphere, and rainfall.

heights, in the peaks, of from 5,000 to 6,000

parts of it are known

This framework consists, in general terms,

feet, while a number of the most prominent

mountain, Great Flat Top mountain, etc.

In

of two great mountain systems, of which the

peaks are considerably above the latter figure.

Kentucky and Tennessee

as

western, the principal one, is known as the

Am ong

the Cumberland mountain or plateau.

Cordilleran system of North America; and the

summit east of the Cordilleras— which is 6,707

portion of the system

presents everywhere,

eastern, as the Appalachian system.

feet in height.

however

erosion,

this

Between

them is Mt. Mitchell — the highest
In these mountains the line of

in

different

In

places

Pennsylvania

under
it

is

different

called

the

In W est Virginia, where

modified

by

as

the
it

Alleghany

is known

This

the general

the two lies a broad basin occupied by the

the Blue Ridge proper can still be traced,

character of a great plateau, breaking off

Mississippi river and its branches, and the

forming,

sharply toward the valley and sloping grad­

chain of the Great Lakes.

between the streams flowing directly into the

ually in the opposite direction.

The Appalachian system enters the United

Atlantic and those flowing into the Tennessee.

speaking, its crest forms the divide between

States in the northern part of New England

It has here the character of a plateau, sloping

the waters flowing directly into the Atlantic

and

gradually on the northwest, but pitching off

or into the Tennessee river, and those flowing

abruptly on the southeast.

directly into the Ohio or into the Cumberland.

in

northern

New

a general

York,

and,

southwesterly

extending

direction, ter­

most of the way, a water-divide

This

mass of

minates in northern Georgia and Alabama.

mountains extends into Georgia and north­

Exceptions

Throughout most of its extent it consists of

eastern Alabama, finally terminating in long

the

two

narrow ridges.

Pennsylvania, the New river, a branch of the

members: the eastern, known as the

may be

Susquehanna

found

Generally

and

in the case of

Delaware

rivers

in

The depression between the Blue Ridge

Kanawha, in southwestern Virginia, and the

These two are

and the Cumberland mountains, known as The

Potomac, which cuts back a short distance

separated throughout Maryland, Virginia and

Great Valley, is by no means a simple, smooth

into the plateau in northern W est Virginia.

Tennessee by a valley, known in different

expanse.

In some localities, as in eastern Tennessee, this

parts by the names of its principal streams.

most of them low, although several rise to

plateau

In northern Virginia it is the Shenandoah

heights of between 1,000 and 2,000 feet above

erosion, but throughout W est Virginia and

valley,

the

remarkably

northwestern Kentucky erosion has so nearly

continuous, extending, with slightly sinuous

obliterated its form that little of the plateau

courses, for hundreds of miles.

character is left.

Blue Ridge;

the western, as the Alleghany

or Cumberland mountains.

and

in

southwestern

Virginia

and

eastern Tennessee, the Tennessee valley.
The Blue Ridge first appears in northern

It is traversed by numberless ridges,

valley.

These

ridges

are

In Pennsyl­

has

suffered

comparatively

little

The slight inclination of the

Part of

strata, however, and the fact that all of the

indeed, be traced to the eastern bank of the

the valley occupied by the Shenandoah river in

mountain and hill summits are, approximately,

Hudson river, in the line of the Highlands.

Virginia, is but very little diversified, only one

upon the same level, together with the erratic

The Delaware crosses it at the Delaware W ater

or two ranges being contained in it, while in

course of the drainage, all indicate this as- the

Gap.

Within the State of Pennsylvania it is

the high country about the heads of the

original form of the region.

known as the South Mountain, a range of but

Shenandoah, James and New rivers, the ridges

Toward the northeast, in New Y ork and

little topographic importance.

are extremely numerous and much broken.

New England, the character of this system

gradually, however, and, at Harper’s Ferry,

Farther

of

where the Potomac cuts through it, has a

become less numerous and of less importance,

place we have the isolated masses of the

height above the river of some twelve or

so that, below Knoxville, Tenn., the valley

Catskills,

the

Adirondacks,

fifteen hundred feet.

is again almost a plain.

ridges

the

Green

New Jersey.

Detached portions of it may,

It then rises

A t the Peaks of Otter,

vania they are extremely numerous.

to

the

southward

they gradually

mountains becomes

of

obliterated.
the

mountains

In its
parallel
and

the

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS

XX
Berkshire

hills,

the

W hite

mountains

of

New Hampshire, and the irregularly grouped
summits

small

ranges

of

hills

in

northern

.Michigan and Wisconsin.

through New Mexico

to 4,000 feet at the

Mexican boundary. The ranges in Montana rise

It is a singular fact,

Westward from the Mississippi the country

to heights of from 9,000 to 11,000 feet in the

however, that in this part of the country,

rises in a long incline to a great continental

highest peaks, while the passes range from

where the range has lost its continuity, are

plateau, which

5.000 to 6,000 feet.

found, with the exception of the North Carolina

forming the Cordilleran system.

mountains, the highest peaks in the whole

of this plateau forms the continental watershed.

River range rise to heights of nearly 14,000 feet.

system; among them are Mt. Marcy, in the

In western Montana this crest-line has an

From the end of this range, at South Pass, to

Adirondacks, with an elevation above sea level

elevation above the sea of from 4,000 to 5,000

a point near the Colorado boundary, the Rocky

of 5,379 feet, and Mt. Washington, the culmi­

feet.

It rises in western W yom ing to heights

mountains have only a theoretic existence,

nating peak of the W hite mountains, which rises

of from 7,000 to 8,000 feet, while in Colorado it

being represented only by broad plateaus, 7,000

to a height of 6,294 feet above the sea.

is still higher, ranging from 8,000 to 10,000

to 8,000 feet in elevation— plateaus so flat that,

feet, the latter elevation being reached in the

although carrying the continental water-parting,

extends to the coast a gradually sloping plain.

South Park.

it is impossible to tell for many miles in what

In the neighborhood of the mountains it is

height, passing out of the country with an

direction the water flows.

In the southern

slightly broken by isolated ridges and minor

elevation, just west of the Rio Grande, not

part of W yoming, about

the heads of the

undulations.

much above 4,000 feet.

The basin of the

North Platte river, mountains rise again from

terminated by a rocky, broken coast, cut by deep

Colorado and Green rivers forms a general

the plateau. The easternmost of these is known

bays and with thousands of islands scattered

depression in this plateau, which rises again

in W yom ing

along its front.

Bay

to the westward, reaching its second summit

Colorado

its

line in eastern Nevada, where, in the northern

whose peaks reach a height of 14,300 feet.

form to a low, sandy shore, and on the New

part of the state,

terminates in Pike’s peak, just north of the

Jersey coast there

6,000 feet, whence the height diminishes rapidly

Arkansas river.

southward.

range, between which and the Front range are

East

of Maine.

some

of

the

Appalachian

system

there

In Maine the Atlantic slope is

From

Massachusetts

southward the coast begins

to change

is the typical

southern

shore, with a low reef facing the sea, back
of which
swamps.

are

bays

or lagoons

and

coast

These swamps grow broader south­

is crowned

by

the

ranges

The summit

In New Mexico it diminishes in

it has an

elevation

of

The Cordilleran is an extremely complex
system of ranges.

In its widest part, that is

Southward the mountains

increase in elevation.

as

The peaks of the W ind

the

Laramie

range,

in

as the Colorado or Front range,
It

W estward of this is the Park

the high mountain valleys, known as North,
Middle

and

South

Parks.

South

of

the

ward, until on the coast of North Carolina

between latitudes 370 and 420 it has a breadth
,

Arkansas river the front rank is taken up by

they cover a very considerable area.

of no less than 190 of longitude.

Crossing it

the Sangre de Cristo range, which, with a

anywhere between these latitudes, one must

series of peaks exceeding 14,000 feet in height,

the rice land of North and South Carolina

cross

passes down into New Mexico as far as Santa

has, however,

distinct ranges of mountains.

great extent they are uninhabitable.
been

reclaimed

To a

Most of

from

them.

or outflank

dozens

of separate and
In this system

Fe.

Thence this line is carried southward into

The area of coast swamp in Georgia and

two well-defined members may be distinguished,

Texas by a series of broken ranges and ridges.

Alabama is not considerable, but in Louisiana

each of which

of a multitude of

W est of the valley of the upper Arkansas is

it has a great breadth along the whole coast,

separate ranges.

The eastern member, which

a short range— the Saguache— the highest and

covering a very important part of the entire

has been called the Rocky mountains, occupies,

most massive range of Colorado, having a

state.

generally speaking,

crest of the

score of peaks above 14,000 feet, and without

confined to small areas about Sabine lake

plateau, from the line of the British posses­

a pass below the timber line, which, in this

and near Galveston bay.

sions to that of Mexico.

state, reaches a height of between 11,000 and

In Texas again it is very small, being

consists

the main

In about latitude

The great depression between the Appalach­

430 it sends off a great spur or offshoot, known

12.000 feet.

ian and the Cordilleran systems of mountains,

as the Wasatch mountains, which, with the

a series of broken ranges and ridges known

roughly estimated to contain an area of a

southern extension

as the Elk mountains, or, to the miners of that

million and a half of square miles, is drained

system, embraces the drainage basin of the

region, as the “ Gunnison country.”

mainly

Green

western

southward, about the heads of the San Juan

drainage

member of the Cordilleran system consists of

river, is a mass of mountains known as the

finding its way into the Gulf through the

the Cascade range of Oregon and Washington,

San Juan, separated from the Sangre de Cristo

smaller streams, and another portion draining

the Sierra Nevada of California, and the Coast

range by the broad and sandy expanse of

into the great lakes and Hudson’s bay.

ranges.

San Luis valley.

by

paratively

the

Mississippi

small

portion

of

river,

a

the

com­

In

and

of the Rocky mountain

Colorado

rivers.

The

Between this series of ranges and

Beyond this, to the westward, is

Further

population, agricultural productions and wealth,

the Wasatch lies an area known as the Great

Between this great and tangled mass of

this division is now the most important section

Basin, occupying nearly all of Nevada and

mountains in Colorado and the short, broken

of the

part of southern Oregon, western Utah and

ranges of New Mexico on the east, and the

southeastern California, the waters of which

Wasatch range of Utah on the west, lies a

find

neither ocean, but are

peculiar country— a region of plateaus and

this great depression is almost an absolute

absorbed by the thirsty atmosphere and the

canons, drained by the Colorado and its tributa­

plain, rising gradually

arid soil.

ries.

country and will

doubtless

always

continue to be so.
From the foot of the Cumberland plateau

and

westward

from

northward,
the

Gulf.

eastward
The

only

considerable breaks in the uniformity of its
surface consist of the Ozark hills in southern
Missouri,

northwestern

Arkansas

and

their

way to

This area is traversed by numerous

parallel ranges, trending

nearly

north and

south.
The plains at the eastern base of the Rocky

The different plateaus are level, or but

slightly inclined, changes

of elevation from

one to the other taking place abruptly by
steep cliffs, often of vast

height.

A ll

the

the

mountains rise from a height of 4,000 feet in

streams flow in deep canons; many of them so

southern part of the Indian Territory, and

Montana to 6,000 in Colorado, then gently fall

deep and narrow that the sun never penetrates

t
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.

XXI

The body of the range is not greatly elevated

mean annual temperature in cases where a

of

above the neighboring country, but the heights

large extent of country is elevated.

canons without streams for nearly the whole

of the peaks vary through quite wide limits.

shown in the case of the great Cordilleran

year, or absolutely dry.

So

The highest summits are those of Mt. Rainier,

plateau, which, rising from a height of a

these

localities

that

in Washington Territory, 14,444 feet, and Mt.

thousand up to six, eight and ten thousand

a

skeleton.

Shasta, in

14,442 feet-

feet, carries with it the isothermal lines with

Upon the higher plateaus, in the neighborhood

The Sierra Nevada, although topographically

but slight deflection southward. In the northern

of the mountains, where rains are abundant,

a continuation of the Cascade, is, geologically

part of this region there is, in point of fact,

forests and grasses flourish.

and structurally, very different from it.

South

a northward deflection of

the isothermals,

however, from one plateau level to another,

of Mt. Shasta the mountains fall to a com­

indicating the well-known

mild climate of

step by step, these gradually disappear, and

paratively low elevation; indeed at this point

central Montana.

vegetation peculiar to arid regions becomes

they are cut through by the Pitt river, a branch

relatively

of the Sacramento.

to their bottoms.
in a

Not only is every stream

canon, but

gorges

plateau

is

in

there are

some

reduced

more

to

and

more

thousands

numerous are
mere

the

Passing down,

abundant,

until

northern

California,

Southward

the range

This is

The influence of the oceans and of the
great lakes is scarcely perceptible upon the

finally, upon the lower plateaus, vegetation

rises quite rapidly, and reaches its greatest

lines

and soil together cease.

height between latitudes 36° and 370
.

The

shown, however, very decidedly in the maps

character of this canon country let us trace

peaks here range between 14,000 and 14,800

exhibiting the mean temperatures of January

the course of the Green and Colorado river.

feet, the highest summit, Mt. Whitney, slightly

and July, the hottest and the coldest months

From its head, in its upper course in W yoming,

exceeding the latter figures.

South of this

of the year respectively, especially in case of

it winds through a broad basin upon which

point the mountains

off abruptly and

the former, where the effect of the sea in

the peripatetic name of the Great American

become confused with the Coast ranges, form­

elevating

Desert

ing in southern California a mass which has

marked.

but little system or continuity.

illustrate also the “ continental” character of

has

been

probably to remain.

To illustrate the

finally

bestowed,

there

Most of the way through

The

this basin it is bordered by cliffs 200 to 300

fall

Coast ranges

through Washington,

the

of

mean annual temperature.

the

winter

temperature

It is

is

very

These two maps considered together,

climate

of

the

Cordilleran

plateau.

the

Oregon and California are separated from the

Eliminating from the isothermals the effects

south, until at the foot of the basin it meets

Cascade range and Sierra Nevada by a broad

of the mountain ranges, it is seen that the

the Uinta

valley, occupied in Oregon

midsummer temperature is abnormally high

feet in height, gradually rising toward
range, which

crosses its course

mainly by

the

W illamette river, and in California by the

and

through this range, showing indisputably by

Sacramento and San Joaquin.

low.

its course that it occupied this position before

of great elevation, ranging from 8,000 feet in

great in this arid climate, but the diurnal

the range commenced to rise, and has simply

southern Oregon and northern California, to

extremes are also very marked.

retained it as the latter was elevated.

3,000 or 4,000 feet in southern California.

unusual to record a mid-day temperature of

with an east and west trend.

It holds its way

Having

They are not

the midwinter temperature abnormally
Not

only

are

the

annual

extremes
It is not

8o°, while during the night the temperature

passed through this range it meets an inclined

There are two areas in the United States

plateau, dipping very gradually to the north.

below sea level: one in southern California,

Into this it burrows, going deeper and deeper;

on the line of the Southern Pacific Railroad,

the depth of its canons being increased not

which

Great

showing mean annual temperature, that almost

only by the fall of the stream, but by the rise-

American Desert and Soda Valley, having a

the entire cotton belt lies in that region having

of the plateau, until, having reached the cliff

depression below the sea of 200 feet; and the

a mean annual temperature above 550
.

which marks the southern edge of the plateau,

other, known as

in eastern

sugar and rice regions have a temperature

it bursts suddenly into daylight.

California, having about the same depression

greater than 70°, while between 50° and 6o° is

repeated with a second and a third plateau,

below the sea.

comprised mostly of the tobacco region.

after which it plunges into the great Kaibab

region of extreme aridity.

This

is

is

known

variously

as

the

Death Valley,

Both of these areas are in a

Through this it

It will be seen on examining the map

The

The

great prairie region lies almost entirely below
550 and the wheat region of Minnesota and
,

plateau, in which its cafions reach their greatest
depth, viz., nearly 7,000 feet.

falls below the freezing point.

T e m p e ra tu re — Generally
of

a

region

Dakota is below 450of mean annual temperature.

mean

a quarter below the surface, for scores of

dependent upon its latitude and its elevation

R a in fa ll. — The

miles, and finally emerges again into sunlight

above the sea.

It is modified, also, to some

perhaps, the most important element of the

at the “ Grand W ash.”

extent by proximity to the sea or to large

climate in its relation to material interests,

bodies of water, and by the direction of the

inasmuch as that one upon which all others

prevailing winds.

depend, viz., agriculture,

Colorado country from the Great Basin, has

temperature

the

winds, at a depth of from a mile to a mile and

The Wasatch range, which separates the

annual

speaking,

is
rainfall of the country is,

may

be

said

to

flourish, within certain limits, directly in pro­

an elevation in its peaks of from 10,000 to

It will be seen upon examination of the

nearly 12,000 feet, its highest peak, Mt. Nebo,

map showing mean annual temperature, that

portion to the amount of precipitation.

having a height of 11,992 feet above the sea.

the

rainfall

The ranges of the Great Basin differ greatly in

mountain masses, pursue courses very nearly

different parts.

height, ranging from 4,000 to 5 !°°° ^
eet UP to

east

sufficient, in most places amply sufficient, for

12,000 feet, or even more in some of their

deflections, however, caused by the Appalachian

all

peaks.

and Cordilleran mountain systems are very

Cordilleran region, however, with the exception

great, giving to some of the highest mountain

of a narrow strip near the Pacific coast, has

Nearly all of them are now extinct, and the

regions an almost arctic climate.

an insufficient supply, so much so that every­

volcanic activity of the rest is very feeble.

elevation has, however, little or no effect upon

The Cascade range is one of volcanoes.

isothermal
and

west

lines,
across

unless
the

deflected
country.

by
The

Increase of

the

where,

in

this

needs

except

country

differs

The

greatly

in

Over the eastern half it is
of agriculture.

in

certain

The

limited

whole

localities

\

SCRIBNERS STATISTICAL ATLAS.

xxii

where the local topography produces a greater

The

higher

ranges

of

the

Cordilleran

part of the United States, where the rainfall

precipitation, irrigation

is necessary for the

system receive an ample supply of moisture,

cultivation

The

the

but the plains and valleys at their bases are

eastern half of the country is derived from

blessed by it only as the mountains pour down

D is tr ib u t io n

the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic ocean,

abundant streams for irrigation.

eastern part of the United States is forest-clad.

and mainly from the former.

reaches

of crops.

rainfall

of

The air currents

western

The

from the Gulf are cooled upon reaching the

southern Nevada and southeastern California,

the middle of Texas, and Indian Territory,

land, and deposit their vapors copiously at

where the rainfall is the least and the tem­

eastern Kansas, and Nebraska, and the western

first, and then more sparsely as they move

perature the greatest.

border of

northward and eastward.

The result is that

precipitation, the Cascade range and the Sierra

They reappear in northern California, western

throughout the Mississippi valley the isohyetal

Nevada present a sharp line of demarkation

Oregon and Washington, northern Idaho and

lines have the general form of concentric

between the country lying east and that lying

northwestern Montana.

curves, concave toward the Gulf.

west of them.

Cordilleran region forests are found only on

In respect of aqueous

They cause, in great measure,

the aridity of the former.

of the country, these curves would be even
and unbroken.

in

F o re sts. —

A long a line passing, generally speaking, across

no topographical inequalities in the surface

maximum

of

Arizona,

W ere there

a

The aridity

does not exceed twenty inches.

Minnesota, woodlands

In other parts of the

the high mountains and plateaus.

The rainfall of the Pacific coast is peculiar.

disappear.

The plains,

lower plateaus and valleys are treeless.

The presence, however, of the

W e have throughout the region a well defined

East of the line above sketched as the

Appalachian mountain system breaks up this

wet and dry season, but there are degrees of

western limit of arborescent vegetation, there

uniformity.

wetness or dryness which vary with the latitude.

are great areas, comprising

the southern end of this chain, and are forced

In

of Washington

and Nebraska, northern Missouri, all of Iowa,

up at once to a considerable altitude, which,

Territory the annual rainfall has been known

southern Minnesota and Wisconsin, the greater

rarifying

to reach 120 inches, being the greatest ever

part of Illinois, and a portion of Indiana, con­

compels them to disgorge their moisture, so

recorded in any part of the country.

The

stituting what is known as the prairie region,

that we find, especially upon the southern

dry season here is only comparatively dry.

which is, or was when civilized man first entered

end

comparatively heavy

Southward the rainfall of both the wet and dry

it, a debatable ground between forests and

A second source of precipitation is

seasons decreases until, in southern California,

grasses.

the Atlantic ocean, from which comes most

there is very little at either time of the year,

grows gradually and by imperceptible degrees

of the rainfall of the Atlantic plain.

irrigation being universally practiced in the

less as the longitude increases, until it shades

southern half of the state.

The reason for this

into the treeless expanse of the great plains.

country, and tracing the rainfall westward, we

distribution of the rainfall is not difficult to

In Texas and the Indian Territory there is a

find that, going up the slope of the plains, it

find.

The prevalent southwesterly winds from

similar but much smaller extent of prairie, the

constantly decreases until in the neighborhood

the Pacific ocean reach the shore as warm,

transition here from forest to plain being much

of longitude ioo°, where it ranges from twenty

moist air currents, having the temperature of

more quickly made.

to twenty-five inches, it becomes too light

the sea over which they have passed.

If the

Forests require a moist climate and soil.

for the

land is colder than the sea, as it is to a

A comparison of the forestry map with that

of the arid region, it must be understood,

greater or less

illustrating

however, is not a hard and fast line.

precipitation is induced, and this is more rapid

intimate

is in the neighborhood of this meridian a belt

the

But it is not upon rainfall alone that the

of country stretching down through Dakota,

between the land and the air current, which is

moisture of a climate depends.

Nebraska, Kansas and Texas, having a breadth

the case in the more northern latitudes.

In the

same or even a less amount of precipitation,

of two or three degrees of longitude, in which

summer the land along most of the coast, and

the climate of a cold region may be moister

agriculture without irrigation, while sometimes

in the southern part of the area, even up to

than that of a warmer one, owing to the

possible, is always a dangerous experiment

considerable heights upon the mountains, has

decreased amount of evaporation.

and often a disastrous one.

a higher temperature than the sea; while in the

the case in central Minnesota and northern

debatable ground between irrigation and non­

more northerly portion

Wisconsin and Michigan, regions which are

irrigation.

consideration

The moisture-laden currents meet

and

of this

rainfall.

Leaving

consequently

chain, a

now

needs

the

of

cooling

eastern

them,

part of

agriculture.

This

This

the

limit
There

is the

The location of this belt is not

the

northwestern

greater

the

part

extent in the winter time,
difference

in

temperature

»

of the area under

eastern Kansas

In this region the proportion of forest

the

annual

rainfall, shows

the

relations subsisting between them.
W ith the

This

is

slight,

covered with forests, while the prairie regions

inducing a comparatively light precipitation in

south of them enjoy fully as great, and in most

ture enters as a qualifying term, inasmuch as

the dry season.

localities, a slightly greater, rainfall.

the evaporation in a hot climate counts as

mountains of the Cascade

Range and the

The occurrence of prairies is, in the main,

much against agriculture as rainfall counts for

Sierra Nevada, these air currents are drained

dependent upon the degree of moisture of the

it.

Moreover, the manner of distribution of the

of their last drops of moisture, and blow over

climate.

rainfall during the year also has an effect upon

the plains and plateaus to the eastward as

a certain point, grasses and other forms of

the location of this belt.

dry winds.

vegetation suited to the climate spring up to

determined by the rainfall alone.

A

Tempera­

light annual

the

difference

is

but

In passing over the high

If the amount be diminished below

rainfall may be amply sufficient for agricultural

From the map it is seen that the sugar and

needs, in case all of it falls during the Spring

rice regions of the South are almost entirely

causes, such as in a moister region, have little

and Summer months.

Both these qualifying

within the area enjoying a rainfall greater than

or but a temporary effect, then suffice to check

terms tend to throw this semi-humid belt to

fifty-five inches annually, and that the cotton

tree-growth.

the west of the isohyetal lines, in the northern

of the country is raised where the rainfall

tions, permanently destroy woodlands; diseases

part of the country, and east of them in the

exceeds forty-five inches; that wheat and other

spread

southern part.

cereals flourish without irrigation in the northern

wide-spread injury.

1

contest the

occupancy of the soil.

Slight

Forest fires, under such condi­

rapidly and produce permanent and
In short, trees, not being

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.

xxiii

as well suited to the environment as other

climate, the temperature and the elevation of

vegetation,

the surrounding country.

give

way

in

the

struggle

for

In general,

scarcely be felt in the forests, as far as their
influence upon climate and soil are concerned.

the
A

existence, and retain their hold on the soil

elevation necessary for the existence of forests

only in certain favored localities.

is decidedly less in the northern than in the

almost

southern parts of the Cordilleran region.

timber, yet to-day this region is the same

Between latitudes 390 and 430 the prairie
,

The

forests of northern
entirely

Maine have been

depleted

of

their

valuable

region, this battle-ground between trees and

Below the forests, on the middle plateaus

forest-grown lacustrine country that it was a

grasses, has a great breadth, extending east­

and in the mountain valleys, the prevalent

century ago, before its great pines had been

ward into Indiana.

South of it the rainfall is

growth is artemisia (“ sage-brush”), interspersed

transformed into the masts and spars of ships.

sufficient to turn the balance in favor of forests,

to a greater or less degree with “ bunch” grass,

while northward, the slight decrease in rainfall

and grading off in the more arid localities, and

N a tu ra l G ro u p in g o f th e States.

is more than offset by the colder climate and

upon the lower plateaus, into cacti, yucca, and

— In the discussion of the subjects embraced

consequently decreased evaporation, aided, no

sterility.

in this work, it has been found necessary to

doubt, by

the

lacustrine

character

of the

adopt some characteristic mode of grouping the

R e la tio n o f Forests to Clim ate.

states and territories. The country has long ago

— The influence of forests is, in certain respects,

outgrown the old, time-honored groups with

decided and salutary.

W hile their presence

which we have been familiar from childhood,

the scene has had the effect of turning the

does not increase the amount of rainfall in the

known as the New England, Middle, Southern

scale in favor of arborescent vegetation.

The

least, it tends to economize that which falls,

and W estern states.

cultivation of the soil of this level region

preventing it from flowing directly off into the

arrangement which classes New York, Penn­

increases its capacity for retaining moisture;

streams, and thereby lessens the violence of

sylvania and New Jersey among the “ M iddle”

country.
The prairie region, however, is fast disap­
pearing.

The advent of civilized man upon

To-day it is a curious

forest and prairie fires have

states,

ceased; and, further, thou­

and Illinois in the “ W est.”

sands

upon

of

Moreover, the group hereto­

acres

of

have been

fore known as the “ W estern’

planted.
the

thousands

trees

The result is that

states,

eastern part of what

and

is

Ohio,

not

Indiana

only vastly

larger than all

the others

was fifty years ago a prairie

combined, but contains more

region

than half the population and

would

scarcely be

recognized as such to-day.

nearly half the wealth of the
country.

From the ill-defined west­
ern border of the prairies, the

The grouping adopted in

monotonous indulations of

this work is that proposed

the great plains stretch to the

by

base of the Rocky mount­

used in its publications.

ains.

is illustrated in the accom­

The rainfall of this

office

and
It

panying map.

region is not sufficient for
forest-growth, and, with the

As

exception of narrow belts of
timber along some

the Census

main streams, or an occasional pine on the

floods.

face of a rocky bluff,

surfaces

seen,

this

primarily, into three great
leaf-

divisions, corresponding roughly to the primary

temperature

topographic divisions of the country, viz.: the

neighborhood of

Atlantic region, the region of the great valley of

the toilsome journey

the forests, and they break the force of winds

the Mississippi, and the western or Cordilleran

across the plains, emigrants traveled for weeks

which otherwise might develop into destructive

region.

together without the grateful sight of a tree.

tornadoes.

In these and many other ways the

then divided by a line running approximately

The

“ bunch” or

presence of forests tends to mitigate the ex­

east and west, following Mason’s and Dixon’s

“ buffalo” grass, which, in the more arid regions,

tremes of climate, and to neutralize its ill-effects.

Line, the Ohio river and the southern boundary

gives place to artemisia, cacti, yucca and other

It is, beyond question, desirable to preserve

treeless.

the whole

area

is

In the early days, before the iron

horse had shortened

country is covered

with

growths characteristic of the desert.

Evaporation

be

scheme divides the country,

GROUPING OF THE STATES.

of the

will

doubtless

slightly in the

from the myriad
lowers

immediate

the

Each of the two eastern divisions is

of Missouri.

These lines divide the states into

so much of our forests as may be required to

Throughout the broad belt of mountains

groups which differ from one another very

serve the purposes indicated above.

decidedly, in respect to topography, climate,

A s yet,

and plateaus known as the Cordilleran region,

however, even in the most

densely settled

population,

timber growth is a direct result of the joint

regions, it does not appear that the forests have

conditions.

action of rainfall and

Those

been so depleted as to cause material damage.

mountains and plateaus which are sufficiently

Our lands are nowhere laid waste by drought

divisions differ materially.

high to induce a supply of rainfall adequate to

due to this cause, nor are our streams subject to

that the two Atlantic groups

the needs of trees are clothed with forests.

greater floods to-day than a hundred years ago.

original thirteen states with those formed from

The elevation necessary to ensure these con­

Although, at the present rate of cutting, the

them— Maine, Vermont and W est Virginia—

ditions ranges widely in different parts of this

days of our merchantable timber of original

and the single addition of Florida.

region, depending upon the local aridity of

growth are limited, yet the loss of this will

states were settled during the colonial period.

temperature.

material

interests

and

social

From a historical point of view, also, these
It will be seen
comprise the

These

SCRIBNER'S STA TISTICAL A TLAS.

XXIV

The states of the Northern and Southern

people, or more than one-half of the entire

greater

Central groups have been settled and organ­

urban population, are

North

produced

in the country is raised in the

ized, without

Atlantic group, and 213, comprising 3,663,843

Northern

Central states, while

became independent of Great Britain; while

people,

group;

southern sections 99.6 per cent, of the cotton

the greater part of the Western group is

while in the two Southern sections combined

and all of the sugar cane and rice of the

still in an unsettled, or but sparsely settled

there are but 78 cities and towns, comprising

country are produced.

condition.

only 1,825,832 inhabitants.

exception, since

the

country

The North Atlantic and Northern Central

in

the

found in the

Northern

Central

per

cent., of

the

cereals

in the two

The differences in topography, rainfall and

Similar marked differences exist in regard

so generally understood, that it is unnecessary

to material interests.

Southern groups by the character of the popu­

section has as - its primary interest a large

lation.

North of the divisional line are found

proportion of the manufactures of the country.

The W estern group is distinguished from

not less than 85.8 per cent, of the foreign born

In the Northern Central group, also, manu­

the others by its topography— comprising, as it

population; while, on the other hand, south of

factures

of

does, the great Cordilleran plateau— by its arid

it, 90.5 per cent, of the negro element resides.

industry; while in the two Southern groups

climate, and great extremes of temperature, by

The distribution of urban and rural popu­

they are of comparatively little importance,

its present sparse population, and its inability

lation is remarkably different in the different

the agricultural interests being much more

ever

sections.

prominent.

W hile agriculture is the leading

by the occupations of its inhabitants, which

and

industry in the Northern Central group, as

are mainly mining and stock raising, with

containing

well as in the Southern groups, the character

comparatively

of the products is altogether different.

manufacturing interests.

towns
over

Out of a total of 580 cities and
of

in

four
the

thousand
United

population

States,

12,936,110 persons, 266, comprising 6,960,766

a

very

North Atlantic

temperature existing between these groups are

groups are sharply distinguished from the two

are

The

part, 71

important branch

The

to specify them here.

to

support a

dense

insignificant

population,

agricultural

and

and

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SHOWING THE
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PRINCIPAL TOPOGRAPHICAL FEATURES
SCALE OF MILES.

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHAR.ES SCRIBNER'S SONS,

<

GEOGRAPHY

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HENRY GANNETT.

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MEAN TEMPERATURE
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COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

1

*

PH YSICA L

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MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE
HENRY GANNETT.

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HYPSOMETRIC SKETCH

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Longitude

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97

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS.

P i>
ate 4

PH YSICA L

GEOGRAPHY

SPRING AND SUMMER RAINFALL
By HENRY GANNETT.

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ANNUAL RAINFALL
By HENRY GANNETT.

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PUBLIC,

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SCALE OF MILES

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Longitud<

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

GEOGRAPHY

P late 5

RIVER BASINS
(B ased o n th e R e p o rts o f th e T e n th Census.*

/S4

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Areas of the Principal Drainage Basins.
(B ased on th e R ep o rts o f th e T e n th Census.)

jtA 8 ‘ue
«u n

SC ALE:

Basin
S acram en to R iv e r...............................
C olum bia R iv e r...................................
G reat In la n d B asin............................
C olorado R iv e r...............................
T o ta l Pacific a n d In la n d D rainage

Sq. Miles
58,824
216,537
228,150
255.040
847,390

100,000 Sq.Miles,
200,000

. O il

400,000
600,000
800,000

jG alvestorf

175,340
M iddle A tla n tic C o ast......................

R ed R iv er o f L o u isian a...................
A rk an sas R iv er..................................
Ohio R iv e r........................ .................
M issouri R iv er.....................................
Mississippi B asin...............................
T o ta l A tla n tic D ra in a g e .................

61,830
83,020
132,040

900,000

1,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
1, 200.000

89,970
185,671
201,720

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000

2 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
SCALE OF MILES

from

95 Greenwich

$3

FORESTRY.
RATIO OF

ESTIM A TED

T IM B E R S U P P L Y
IN CORDS, TO TO TAL AREA.
j.

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SCALE OF MILES

101

Longitude

99

W ert'

97

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’ S SONS.

II—P olitical H istory
IN D E X

SUPREM ACY OF

TO

PLATES.

P R E S ID E N T IA L E L E C T IO N S , 1840-1880, Plates 9 -1 0

PAR TIES.................................Plate 6

R a t io o f P r e d o m in a n t to T o ta l V o te , b y S ta te s.
A n a ly s is o f th e P o p u la r V o te .
S u m m a r y o f th e P o p u la r V o t e ; E le c t o r a l V o te .

S y n o p s is o f P o litic a l H i s t o r y ; A ttitu d e o f P a r tie s .
S u m m a r y o f P r e s id e n tia l E le c tio n s .
C o lo n ia l P e rio d . R e tr o s p e c t o f P o lit ic a l P e r io d s .

POPULAR VOTE, 1880.......................................... Plate 11

P R E S ID E N T IA L E LE C TIO N S , 1789-1836, Plates 7 -8

R a t io o f P r e d o m in a n t to T o ta l V o te , b y C o u n tie s.
A n a ly s is o f th e P o p u la r V o t e , b y S ta te s.
S u m m a r y o f th e P o p u la r V o t e ; E le c t o r a l V o te .

R a t io o f P r e d o m in a n t to T o ta l V o te , b y S ta te s .
A n a ly s is o f th e P o p u la r V o te .
S u m m a r y o f th e P o p u la r V o t e ; E le c t o r a l V o te .

F o rm a tio n o f the F ed eral C o n ­
stitution. — The union of the British colonies

taxa­

Adams receiving the largest number of the

tion on the colonies by act of Parliament.

electors’ second votes, became Vice-President.

of North America was a natural growth, show­

The

The Anti-federal party had dropped into a

ing itself first in New England, and, at length,

to taxation

in the French and Indian war, including all

without

the colonies.

American W higs, about 1768-9.

French

and

Indian war,

first American
(and

to

impose

political party opposed
afterward

representation,

took

to legislation)

silent opposition with the adoption of the Con­

the

stitution.

name

of

The control of the new government

W hen the

was given to its supporters, and their first work

colonies had been governed by the “ colonial

dispute came to a settlement by force, those of

was to clothe the dry bones of the Constitution

system ” retained until a much later period

the Tory upholders of the mother-country who

with flesh and blood.

as

European

were not coerced or converted were expelled,

the duties and powers of Congress and the

colonies were

leaving the W higs the only American political

President, with considerable exactness; in other

mere trading stations, to be maintained and

party.

respects it is largely drawn in outline, and the

developed with an exclusive regard to the

in the United States, the Articles of Confedera­

details are left to legislative enactment.

interests of the mother-country.

They were

tion, proposed by the Continental Congress in

elaborate provisions for the organization of

not to trade to or from other countries without

1777 and ratified by all the states in 1781, was

the judiciary, the departments, and the terri­

the payment of the intermediate duties in home

defective in that it gave the central government

tories, which have really been only developed,

ports; they were to maintain no industries

no powers whatever, beyond the natural powers

not altered, in succeeding years, are the creation

which, in the judgment of the home govern­

of persuasion possessed by its members.

of the first two Congresses.

ment, would compete with home industries;

could only make requisitions on the states;

Constitution and its practical interpretation by

they were to be taxed at discretion by the home

and the requisitions were so constantly evaded

these early Congresses alike proved sufficiently

government, without having any representation

or disregarded that they became a farce.

An

elastic to fit the country in all its future growth;

in it. A t first, while the commerce and industry

abortive constitutional convention at Annapolis,

and the country is indebted for both to the

of the colonies were unimportant, evasions of

called by Virginia in 1786, led to a successful

political skill of the almost forgotten Federal

the British navigation act and kindred legisla­

convention at Philadelphia in the following year.

party.

tion were winked at or unnoticed; but the

After four months of secret debate, it framed

growth

of the colonies, as shown by their

the Constitution, which was ratified by eleven

possible Government

exertions in the French and Indian war, called

states during 1787-8, and went into effect at

pated by Jefferson and other halting Federalists,

instant attention to them.

New Y ork city, March 4, 1789.

North Carolina

the dominant party wisely framed and sent to

made to enforce the “ colonial system ” in its

ratified it the same year, and Rhode Island in

the legislatures for consideration, twelve amend­

rigor; Massachusetts met it with an assertion

1790.

ments in the nature of a bill of rights.

of her charter privileges; Parliament undertook

Federalists, and thus left to their opponents the

them, having been ratified by three-fourths of

to alter the charter of Massachusetts; and the

somewhat misleading name of Anti-federalists.

the states, became a part of the Constitution.

the

nation.

other

The British policy toward the

policy

of

Under

this system

colonies

every

supported

other

The attempt was

Massachusetts

The first form of national government

It

Its supporters had taken the name of

The Constitution defines

The

The theory of the

T o guard the rights of the people against
encroachments,

antici­

Ten of

The looseness of the national ties which

in

connected

war of the American Revolution, which was to

W a s h in g to n ’s A d m in istra tio n s:
1 7 8 9 - 9 7 . — A reference to Plate 7 will

end in 1783 with the dismemberment of the

show that the electoral vote for Washington

was Alexander Hamilton, of New York, secre­

British empire.

(throwing out vacancies) was unanimous both

tary of the treasury; and the great purpose of

in 1789 and in 1792, a mark of national confi­

the Constitution, in their opinion, was to make

dence given to no other candidate since.

a real national system possible.

forcible resistance.

Distinct

Thus began, in 1775, the

political

feeling

appeared with

the attempt of the British ministry, after the

John

the states in 1789 was painfully

evident to the Federal leaders, at whose head

Hamilton’s

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

XXVI

outline plan was to create national interests,

this seemed to the Republicans to have been

1798, and renewed in 1799, after they had

which should extend to all the States, and

purchased by a practical commercial alliance

been repudiated by all the other states which

furnish a safeguard against the dissolution

with Great Britain at the expense of France.

passed upon them.

of the Union.

W ith this design, and under

The close of W ashington’s second term left

asserted the right of the states to veto uncon­

Hamilton’s leadership, the party passed the

the country with a completely organized party

stitutional legislation by Congress.

first tariff law, “ to encourage manufactures,”

of opposition, based

rights, and

case of Madison’s Virginia resolutions, the

transformed the state war debts of the Revo­

strongest in the Southern States.

It was not

veto intended seems to have been clearly that

lution into a national debt, and chartered a

yet

however, to carry the

of “ the states” in a Federal convention; in

a Bank of the United States.

T o some of the

presidential election of 1796, in which the Fed­

the case of Jefferson’s Kentucky resolutions,

party, headed by Jefferson, the secretary of

eralists succeeded in electing Adams, through

it is difficult to resist the conviction that the

state, these measures seemed only insidious

the assistance of two unexpected

“ nullification ” spoken of was meant to be that

attacks on the legitimate jurisdiction of the

votes from the South.

states, and an assumption of powers not given

strong enough,

The

on

state

electoral

Both sets of resolutions
In the

of a single state, and is not to be distinguished

discussion of slavery had

not yet

from that afterward advocated by Calhoun.
A

better weapon in the hands

of the

The states

reached the bitterness which was to mark it

had been, up to this time, the only instruments

afterward; and the first fugitive slave law was

Republican leaders than nullification resolu­

of republican government in the country, and

passed in 1793 without any great opposition.

tions, was the popular indignation aroused by

to Congress by the Constitution.

the enforcement of the sedition law; and it was

Jefferson’s section of the party, as upholders

J o h n A d a m s5 A d m in istra tio n :
179 7-18 0 1. — The French Directory under­

re-enforced by a split in the dominant party.

took to neutralize the Jay treaty by refusing to

officers were fostering the war feeling for the

taken by

receive an American minister, and permitting

benefit of Hamilton’s political ambition; and he

revolutionary France, as the enemy of kings

the capture of American merchant vessels by

began negotiations for peace without consulting

and privileged classes in European countries.

their navy.

them.

Not only were the Republicans inclined to

very effectual in the case of the weaker states

the French government, promptly seconded the

believe that the treaties of 1778 bound the

of Europe, furnished the opportunity which

effort, and peace was made.

United States to aid France in a defensive war;

the Federal leaders desired to revive their

of 1800, Hamilton’s supporters did not feel or

a new faction appeared under the name of

waning influence.

A wave of war feeling ran

show great enthusiasm for Adams, the Federalist

Democrats, who imitated the wildest follies

throughout the country; the Republican leaders

nominee, and the Republican electors were in

of the Jacobins, and held that the United States

were either silenced or won over to the war

the majority.

were bound to assist France in all wars,

policy, and the control of the Federal party

names, without distinguishing his vote

offensive

seemed again as absolute as in 1789.

The

President and Vice-President, Jefferson and

clamation of neutrality between France and

treaties with France were declared at an end;

Burr, the candidates nominated by the caucus

her enemies united the Republicans and the

the army and navy were increased; the navy

of Republican senators and representatives in

Democrats into one party of opposition.

Its

department was organized; and permission to

Congress, were a tie in the electoral vote; but

formal title then became Democratic-Republi­

United States vessels to capture French vessels

the Federalist House of Representatives chose

can, though

as

began a state of quasi war with France, in which

Jefferson President, after a struggle by some

either

the little American navy had unbroken success.

of their number to choose Burr.

from 1812 until

Other items in the Federalist programme

of state rights, took the distinctive name of
Republicans, about 1792.
This party division was tinged with addi­
tional bitterness by the attitude

or

Republican

defensive.

it

was

until

W ashington’s pro­

commonly

about

1812,

Democratic or Republican

known
as

about 1829, and as Democratic thereafter.

Its

These tactics, which had been

were not so wisely calculated.

The French

The President came to believe that his cabinet

Napoleon, who was now at the head of
In the election

A s each elector voted for two
for

Before the

next election, the twelfth amendment to the
Constitution required each elector to specify

main doctrine has been a strict construction

revolutionists had commonly made great use

his vote

of the powers granted to the General Govern­

of agents, volunteer or paid, in the process

President.

ment by the Constitution; but it has been

of “ revolutionizing” another country.

led repeatedly, by party expediency and the

agencies seem to have been used in the United

growth of the country, to broaden its construc­

States, and, although with no great success,

J e ffe rs o n ’s
A d m in is t r a tio n s :
1801-09. — Jefferson was the first President

tions of these powers.

they furnished a ground for the passage of

inaugurated at Washington, to which place

several doubtful or dangerous statutes by the

the national capital had been transferred from

Federalists.

Philadelphia in 1800.

The
one

union

party was

of

the

two

hastened

by

elements
the

into

“ W hisky

for President and also for Vice-

Such

The time of residence necessary

His first administration

The

for naturalization was increased; the President

was so successful that he was re-elected in

exercise of the novel excise power by Congress

was authorized to banish or arrest any alien

1804 by a largely increased electoral majority.

provoked

whom he should judge to be a dangerous

This success was ascribed by his opponents

character;

and the publication of language

partly to “ proscription ” and removal of office­

opposition believed that the insurrection had

calculated to bring the Government or its

holders by the President; but such removals

been provoked intentionally by Hamilton, in

officers

were really few, and seem to have been intended

order to force the first resistance to Federal

offence.

authority to show itself on unfavorable ground.

statutes would have made party opposition

influences.

A

impossible, and Jefferson hurried to array the

support was

state legislatures against them.

which has been fully considered in the chapter

Insurrection” in western Pennsylvania.
an

insurrection

near

Pittsburgh,

which was suppressed by a militia levy.

The

new point of sympathy was the treaty

concluded
Britain.

by Chief-Justice Jay with Great
It gave

American

commerce

into
The

contempt was
rigid

made a penal

enforcement

of

these

Under the

rather as possible precedents than as direct
His strongest appeal to popular
the

acquisition

of

Louisiana,

ten

guidance of himself and Madison, the K en­

on T erritorial C hanges (page xxxiii).

years’ security during the wars in Europe; but

tucky and Virginia resolutions were passed in

years afterward, in 1807, Fulton’s invention of

Four

POLITICAL HISTORY.

XXVll

the steamboat, indefinitely increased the value

but both obtained security by the brilliant

Congress had failed to prohibit it.

of Louisiana and of all the West.

sea fights which marked the war.

had been admitted as a slave state; but the

A nation

Louisiana

in

application of Missouri for admission on a

A s Hamilton had desired a

desperate ship duels with the hitherto invinci­

like basis aroused opposition, and the whole

national debt, as an instrument of national

ble British frigates, had little need for treaty

North, with Delaware, united against it.

union,

stipulations as to its seamen’s rights on the

the “ Missouri Compromise” of 1820, however,

ocean.

Missouri was admitted as a slave state; but

Unwise economy was the curse of Jefferson’s
administrations.
Jefferson

desired

to

extinguish

lest it should breed a privileged class.

it,
To

this purpose every other interest had to give
way.

whose

frigates

could

hold

their

own

The political consequences of the war

were most important in domestic relations.

Reliance on a navy was abandoned,

The Federal party had degenerated into a

By

the rest of the Louisiana territory, north of
latitude 36° 30', was declared forever free.

although the American navy had just proved

mere party of factious opposition.

It opposed

A scheme of the “ H oly A lliance” of Euro­

its quality again by

crushing the piratical

indiscriminately the purchase of the territory

pean sovereigns to aid Spain in recovering

powers of Barbary; and the “ gunboat system,”

of Louisiana, the Embargo, the admission of

her revolted American colonies, was balked

of relying for coast defense on small and

the state of Louisiana, the war, and every

by

exasperatingly useless gunboats, and of aban­

other administration measure; in 1812 it sup­

most effectively re-enforced by a passage in

doning ocean commerce to its fate, became

ported Clinton, whose main charge against the

Monroe’s

the touchstone of faith in the dominant party.

Administration was its inefficient prosecution

declared

The same policy governed in every depart­

of the

considered

ment;

and

England leaders seem to have entertained a

The prospects of a trans-Atlantic expedition,

closed

he

design of seceding from the Union.

They

which would have to run the gauntlet of both

country in a most hopeful condition, while

succeeded in inducing the legislatures of three

the English and American navies, were not

its power of self-defense against the insolence

states to send delegates to Hartford, Con­

considered good, and the design was aban­

of the European belligerents was almost null.

necticut, to consider the state of the Union;

doned.

Napoleon, by

successive

decrees, provoked

but the action of the Hartford convention

the pronounced objection of the United States

Great

to

extraordinary excesses in

was carefully kept within legitimate bounds,

received respectful recognition from the great

and

powers.

when
left

Britain

searching

Jefferson’s

the

neutral

balance

vessels,

second
sheet

and

of

term
the

prohibiting

war.

the

only

In

1814,

result

some

was

of its

an

New

ineffective

Great

Britain’s
annual
that

refusal

to join

message

any such

of

1823.

in

it,
He

attempt would be

unfriendly to the United States.

This was the first instance in which

The

“ Monroe Doctrine,” that no

neutral trade with France; and Great Britain

protest against the methods of the party in

European power shall overthrow any recog­

was quite willing to be provoked.

power.

nized form of government on the American

W hen the

British policy had gone so far as practically to

On the other hand, uncontrolled power

compel all American merchant vessels to stop

broadened the governmental theories of the

in England and pay duties there, it became

dominant party.

It chartered a new Bank of

The absence of an opposition party resulted

intolerable;

yet the only measure of

the United States in 1816, and in the same

in what was known, among all the contestants,

retaliation proposed by the Administration was

year passed a protective tariff, and began to

as the “ scrub race for the presidency” in 1824.

the Embargo, which prohibited American com­

incline evidently toward a scheme of internal

A ll the candidates were nominally Republicans.

merce on the ocean.

improvements on a national scale.

The war

No one received a majority of the electoral

but the intensity of the opposition to it in New

had built up American manufactures rapidly,

vote, and the choice went to the House of

England, the commercial section, seemed to be

and the hopes of the manufacturers for pro­

Representatives, where Clay’s friends helped

running so rapidly toward forcible resistance

tection

elect Adams.

that it was replaced in 1809 by the Non-inter-

them

course law, which prohibited commerce with

its broad construction

Great Britain and France.

stronghold

and

It became a law in 1807;

against

English

competition, threw

into the ruling party and

increased

tendency, while

continents, has passed into a settled rule of
foreign policy for all parties.

Calhoun

was

chosen Vice-

President without serious opposition.

the

almost hopeless expedient, and, in the event

England was steadily growing weaker.

After

J o h n Q u in c y A d a m s’ A d m in is­
tra tio n : 18 2 5-9 . — Monroe had latterly

of its failure, there was

an ineffectual attempt to resist the election of

inclined more and more strongly toward a

Monroe as Madison’s successor, the Federal

broad construction policy, particularly in the

party ceased to exist, even in form; and its

matter of internal improvements; Adams and

M a d is o n ’ s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n s :
18 0 9 -17 .— The Non-intercourse law pro­

members

his secretary of state, Clay, declared positively

divisions to enroll themselves as members of

in favor of it.

vided that it should stand repealed as to either

the now universal Republican party.

all the elements of strict construction into an

Even this was an
no other remedy

than war.

of

took

the

Federal

advantage

party

of

in

New

Republican

belligerent which would rescind its offensive

This was enough to crystallize

opposition party, which took Jackson as its
most available leader.

No means of party

of his decrees, while continuing to enforce

M o n r o e ’s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n s :
18 17 -2 5 ,— This long period was one of

warfare

by

them, and the law was repealed as to France.

political stagnation.

A portion of it is often

Jackson’s popularity, the cry of “ bargain and

Great Britain refused to rescind, and war was

called the “ era of good feeling,” as if lack

corruption” between Adams and Clay at the

declared against her in 1812.

of party contest were good feeling.

The only

last election, and even the promise of offices

and Sailors’ Rights,”

contest was a demoralizing struggle for office

under the new administration, were used as

the first phrase referring to freedom of com­

between individuals and factions of the one

party weapons with success. Adams refused to

merce

remaining party.

employ his powers of appointment and removal

decrees.

Napoleon made a delusive revocation

cry was “ Free Trade
from

foreign

The popular war

interference,

not

to

domestic customs duties, and the latter to the

was

neglected

the

opposition;

Slavery had been introduced by custom and

to further his own re-election, and was defeated.

Neither

sanctioned by law, under Spanish and French

His supporters took the name of National

object was recognized in the treaty of peace,

domination, in the territory of Louisiana, and

Republicans, while the “ Jackson men ” took

impressment of American seamen.

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

XXV111

The differentiation of the

hopes of all who opposed slavery had been

W higs were determined to accomplish.

old name, and the introduction of the new

limited to “ gradual abolition;” Garrison and

violent quarrel ensued between himself and

element, were both significant.

his followers now began to urge “ immediate

his

abolition” upon slaveholders.

office.

that of Democrats.

They used the

party,

lasting

throughout his

term

A
of

This conflict helped to give the presi­

J a c k s o n ’s A d m in is tr a tio n s :
18 2 9 -3 7 .— Nominations by party conven­

anti-slavery

dential election of 1844 to the Democrats;

pamphlets and newspapers; they held public

Clay received his third defeat for the office of

tions, which had been introduced into state

meetings in the North; and they petitioned

President, but the election was one of the

politics about 1825, were brought into national

Congress for the prohibition of slavery in the

closest in our history, and was decided by the

politics in 1832.

District of

discussion of

few thousand votes for the Abolition candidates

the pseudo democratic notion of “ rotation in

slavery at once took on a bitterness which

in New York, which gave the electoral votes

office,” the appointment and removal of public

it had not known before, since it now had a

of that state to the Democratic candidates.

servants for party reasons; and this, added to

definite meaning.

The

Jackson had also introduced

the new convention system, at once produced

mails

for

the

transmission

Columbia.

The

of

The material prosperity of the country was

Democratic

national

convention

had

declared in favor of the annexation of Texas,

The development of the West, by

and Congress, immediately after the election,

dangerous antagonist, the Bank of the United

railway and steamboat, had begun; and the

passed an annexation resolution, which was

States; but the bank was driven into politics

receipts from public land sales were so great

signed by

and destroyed.

that the public debt was paid off, and a surplus

entered the Union.

the “ machine.”

Against it there was but one

A bill to re-charter the bank

was passed by Congress, but the President

unusual.

Tyler.

Texas

accepted it, and

of $28,000,000 was divided among the states.

P o lk ’s A d m in is tr a tio n : 18 4 5-9 .

vetoed it, and the bank could never again

— The war with Mexico, which followed the

T o hurry its dissolution, the President,

V a n B u re n ’s A d m in istra tio n :
1837-41. — Multitudes of “ wild cat banks,”

through the secretary of the treasury, removed

without capital or legal supervision, had arisen

of a vast extent of new territory, stretching

the national

to take the place of the Bank of the United

from Texas to Oregon.

placed them in state banks; but the House

States; and

of the war, the Oregon boundary dispute with

of Representatives supported him even in this,

western lands.

and the bank ceased to exist as a Govern­

ordering land agents to take only gold and

purchase of

ment institution when its charter expired in

silver, had been issued by the treasury, and the

remaining northern territory, in 1853, gave the

1836.

paper money flowed

back for redemption.

United States a final territorial status, which

his opponents so arbitrary and lawless that

The result was the “ panic of 1837,” and a

has not since been altered except by the pur­

they at once took the name of W higs, as if

distress so general that the W higs used it with

chase of Alaska in 1867.

contending against a royal power which “ had

success to overthrow their opponents in the

The Mexican acquisition again brought up

increased, was increasing, and ought to be

“ log cabin and hard cider campaign” of 1840.

the question of slavery, for a large party at the

diminished.”

Just before the election the Democrats suc­

North would not agree to vote for the appro­

ceeded, after a three years’ struggle, in passing

priation for the purchase unless the “ W ilm ot

extended by acts of Congress in 1824 and

the Sub-treasury law.

Proviso” was added, forbidding slavery in the

1828; and South Carolina, under Calhoun’s

between the Government and the banks, putting

new territory.

lead, declared it null and void within that state.

collecting and disbursing officers under bonds

of a new party, the Free Soil party, in the

Jackson, in his “ nullification proclamation,”

for the safe-keeping of public moneys.

election of 1848, but the W higs took advantage

secure a majority in the House of Representa­
tives.

deposits

from

the bank, and

A ll Jackson’s proceedings seemed to

The protective system had been further

their notes were used to buy
In 1836 the “ specie circular,”

It broke off connection

annexation of Texas, resulted in the acquisition
Just at the outbreak

Great Britain had been settled by treaty.
a

small

portion of

The

Mexico’s

The proviso became the basis

had

of Taylor’s popularity, nominated him, and

would flow if the laws were resisted; and the

become so offensive to Southern members that

defeated both the Democrats and Free Soilers.

ordinance of nullification was unofficially sus­

it was agreed, in 1838, to table them in future

During their term of power, the Democrats had

pended until a compromise tariff, decreasing

without reading or discussing them.

This

been forced to yield in the reception of aboli­

by stated percentages for ten years, was framed

interpretation of the right of petition resulted,

tion petitions; but they had re-enacted the

and passed.

The ordinance was then repealed,

of course, in greatly increasing the number

Sub-treasury law, which has remained in force

and though the nullifiers claimed a triumph,

of the petitions and the bitterness of the anti­

since, and had enacted a tariff for revenue

nullification, pure and simple, disappeared from

slavery conflict.

only, which was not increased until 1861.

American politics.

and for some years it was not quite safe to

warned the people of the state that blood

The abduction of W illiam Morgan, who
had revealed the secrets of Freemasonry in

Anti-slavery petitions

to

Congress

Mob violence was added;

hold an abolition meeting in very many parts
of the North and W est.

T a y lo r - F i l lm o r e A d m in is t r a ­
tio n : 18 4 9 -5 3 . — California, in which gold
had been discovered, applied for admission as

western New York, had produced a strong

a free state, and such a practical application of

Jackson and Clay were

M arriso n -T yler A d m in is tra tio n :
1841-5 .— The new President, Harrison, died

both Freemasons, and the anti-Masons made

a few weeks after his inauguration, and the

Southern members.

separate

nominations for the presidency in

Vice-President, Tyler, a State Rights W hig,

a year, the “ compromise of 1850” was agreed

They then subsided into the W hig

who had been nominated by the W higs to gain

upon.

party, but their influence gave the nomination

votes at the South, became President.

After

fornia; a prohibition of the slave trade in the

to Harrison thereafter, instead of to Clay.

signing a bill to repeal the Sub-treasury law,

District of Columbia; the organization of the

he vetoed two bills to re-establish the Bank

territories of Utah and New Mexico without

of the United States, a measure which the

mention of slavery; the payment of $10,000,000

anti-Masonic party in
neighboring states.

1831.

New York

and the

This period was marked by an entirely new
phase of anti-slavery feeling.

Hitherto, the

the W ilm ot proviso was very offensive to the
After a debate of nearly

It comprised the admission of Cali­

POLITICAL HISTORY.

XXIX

to Texas for a shadowy claim to a part of the

slaveholders that negro slaves were property,

Mexican acquisition, and a stringent fugitive

not persons, under the intent of the Consti­

L in c o ln ’ s A d m in is tr a tio n :
1861-5 .— The new President, while admit­

slave law.

These measures, originally united

tution; that Congress was bound to defend

ting the right of revolution in case of intolerable

in one “ omnibus bill,” were separated and

slaveholding in the territories, and that slavery

oppression, denied the right of secession; but

passed

could be prohibited only by the people of a

he announced that the Government would be

state.

content with securing and re-possessing its

in

September,

Taylor’s death.

1850,

shortly

after

The fugitive slave law, one

This merely hastened the race between

of hateful form and doubtful constitutionality,

the free state and pro-slavery men in Kansas

forts

was officially accepted by both the Democratic

for the control of the Kansas state organization.

force the mails or public service on unwilling

and W h ig parties in 1852.

The

states.

This destroyed the

latter, by

an

unscrupulous

maneuver,

and

other

property,

and

would

not

In April the status quo was broken by

W h ig party, for it alienated the Northern wing,

obtained the insertion of a pro-slavery clause

the capture of Fort Sumter, in Charleston

and did not retain the Southern wing.

The

in the Lecompton constitution, against the will

harbor by the Confederate forces.

Democrats obtained a victory in the presidential

of the mass of the inhabitants, and sent it to

Government called for volunteers to suppress

election of that year, and their party was again

Congress.

desired the

individual resistance to the laws; the Con­

the only national party in the United States.

admission of Kansas as a slave state, under

federate States declared war against the United

this constitution; but Douglas, with most of

States, and the question of state sovereignty

P ie rc e ’s A d m in istratio n : 1853-7.

the Northern Democrats, refused to follow the

and the right of secession was brought to

— The culmination of the anti-slavery struggle

administration, and the Lecompton constitution

the

began in 1854 with the organization of the

was sent back to the people of Kansas, under

secession of four of the border states, North

territories of Kansas and Nebraska. Both these

the English

This

Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee and Arkansas,

territories were free soil by the Missouri com­

division in the Democratic party widened into

which joined the Confederacy rather than aid

promise, but the organizing act declared that

a complete breach in their national convention

in “ coercing” its members.

Congress had no constitutional authority to

of i860, at Charleston.

The Southern dele­

The military, naval and financial events of

make that compromise, and that the people

gates withdrew and nominated Breckinridge,

the gigantic war which followed are beyond

of the territories were to decide the existence

on a platform asserting the duty of Congress

our province; its politics are too great to be

of slavery among them.

to protect slavery in the territories.

complex.

Civil war in Kansas

The

administration

bill, and voted

down.

The rest

last

test.

The

issue

The Federal

resulted

in

the

A t the outset, the population of the

accompanied immigration, for both North and

of the convention re-assembled at Baltimore

North was

South hurried settlers into the territory, and

and nominated Douglas, simply promising sub­

war and the dominant party promoted this

each party soon had its own organization, the

mission to the decisions of the Supreme Court.

unanimity by taking the name of Union party,

free state men a state government, and the

The

instead of that of Republican.

pro-slavery men a territorial government; and

platform asserting the duty of Congress to sup­

there was a strong feeling among Democrats

neither yielded obedience to the rival organiza­

press slavery in the territories.

The remnant

that the war could have been averted by a

tion.

Federal Government took sides

of the W h ig and American parties, under

new Federal convention; and a portion of them

against the free state men, and dispersed their

the name of the Constitutional Union party,

were “ Peace Democrats,” utterly opposed to

organization with an armed force.

Debates in

nominated Bell, giving “ the Constitution, the

the war ab initio.

Congress began to wear an aspect much like

Union, and the enforcement of the laws,” as

arrests of suspected persons were found or

that of Kansas; and the anti-slavery feeling

their platform.

considered necessary, as the writ of habeas

had evidently been brought to a head by this

electoral, but not by a popular, majority.

The

one bill.
at

the

A sudden union of men of all parties
North,

under

the

name

of Anti-

Republicans

nominated

Lincoln

on a

Lincoln was chosen by an

The election of Lincoln, with the attempt

in

favor of the

Nevertheless,

A s the war went on, as

corpus was suspended, as conscription

was

resorted to in default of volunteering, and as

to excite a forcible negro

the Government was steadily forced into an

exodus from Virginia in 1859, were reasons

attitude of hostility to slavery, the Democratic

members of the House of Representatives, and

with

party opposed the methods of the war, and, in

elected the speaker in 1856. In the presidential

secession.

election

they secured state conventions in the seven

successful

Republicans, in opposition to the extension of

Gulf states, and gained

a majority of the

with Andrew Johnson as Vice-President; and

slavery, they nominated Fremont, and came

conventions.

then went on, without

the Democratic party, though its popular vote

startlingly near electing him.

submitting their proceedings to popular vote,

was little decreased, came out of the contest

o f the W higs, commonly called “ Silver Gray

not only to pass

at its very lowest ebb of political power.

W higs,” united with a new secret party, the

but to send to Montgomery delegates who

American party (or Know Nothings), opposed

formed the “ Confederate States of America.”

tude of the Government toward slavery was

to the easy naturalization of foreigners, and

The state conventions ratified the Confederate

absolutely neutral.

nominated Fillmore.

Democrats, who

Constitution and adjourned; and their con­

was impossible for the United States to shut

endorsed the principle of the Kansas-Nebraska

stituents, without having had any voice in the

its eyes to, or restrain its hands from, the

act, secured an electoral, though not a popular,

matter, were made subjects of a new national

vulnerable spot of its adversary.

majority for Buchanan.

government.

a notice

Nebraska

men, carried

a

majority of

the

of that year, under the name of

The

The remnant

of John Brown

nearly united

Southern

slaveholders

for

desiring

Beginning with South

Carolina,

They

The

ordinances of secession,

President,

who

denied

1864, the war itself.

At

The Republicans were

in re-electing

the

President Lincoln,

outbreak of the war, the atti­

of one

A s events advanced, it

Finally, after

hundred days, the

Presi­

equally the right of secession and the right

dent issued his Emancipation proclamation,

B u c h a n a n ’s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n :
18 5 7 -6 1. — Early in Buchanan’s term the

of the Federal Government to coerce states

January 1, 1863.

which should attempt to secede, managed by

Congress proposed the thirteenth amendment

decision of the Supreme Court in the Dred

inaction to keep the peace until the end of

in

Scott case upheld the extreme claims of the

his term.

United States.

To make this organic law,

1865, forever abolishing slavery

in the

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

XXX

Financial and political necessities committed

alienated a part of the dominant party, who,

interest.

examinations

for the

the Republican party to the support of a pro­

under the name of Liberal Republicans, made

public service were again attempted.

Finally

tective tariff in 1860-1, and this has since been

common cause with the Democrats, in 1872, for

there was peace at the South, for all Federal

one of its cardinal tenets.

the election of Greeley, a former Republican

support had been withdrawn from the recon­

1862-3, by the issue of a legal tender paper

leader, to the presidency.

H e was defeated,

structed governments, they had changed hands,

currency, the establishment of a national bank­

and Grant was re-elected.

In the election of

and the South was solidly Democratic.

ing system, and a policy of Government aid to

1876 the Democrats had control of all the

were but two breaks in the monotony.

Western railways, beginning with the Union

Southern states, except South Carolina, Florida

1878 both parties united to remonetize silver,

and Central Pacific railroads.

and

which had been dropped from the coinage in

It was followed, in

Louisiana,

in which the reconstructed

governments were only maintained by Federal

1873.

troops.

Competitive

There
In

In 1878-9, the Democratic majority in

J o h n s o n ’s A d m in is tr a tio n :
18 6 5-9 . — The assassination of President

Democratic candidate, Tilden,

Congress attempted to attach repeals of some

was one electoral vote short of a .majority

war legislation to the appropriation bills; but

Lincoln made Vice-President Johnson his suc­

without the votes of these states, which were

the bills were vetoed, and the majority, not

cessor.

claimed for him.

being two-thirds, was compelled to yield.

Johnson’s position and career were

The

The state returning boards,

The

H e was a

to which had been given an extraordinary

election of 1880 turned largely on the tariff,

neutral Democrat, elected by Republicans; and

power of rejecting county votes, decided that

and the Republicans were successful.

his term was passed in a quarrel with his party

the electoral votes of these states had been cast

on the question of reconstruction.

for Hayes.

parallel with those of Tyler in 1841.

a continuation of that of President Lincoln,

duty of passing a general law for the canvass

G a r f ie ld - A r t h u r
tio n : 1881-5 .— The

under which four states had already been

of votes by the president of the Senate, but had

his administration with a quarrel with the two

reconstructed, was completed before Congress

asserted, since 1817, its right to canvass them

New York senators, who asserted a prescriptive

met in December, 1865.

itself.

right to supervise the Federal appointments in

His plan,

Under it the seceding

Congress had never fulfilled its

The two houses were now controlled by

A d m in is t r a ­
new President began

states reorganized their governments, repealed

different parties, and could not agree in a can­

their state.

or annulled the ordinances of secession, repudi­

vass.

was shot by a disappointed office-seeker, July 2,

ated the war debt, and ratified the thirteenth

but with great difficulty, an extra-constitutional

1881.

amendment, which thus became a part of the

Electoral

endured, he

Constitution in December, 1865.

decision was to be final unless reversed by

succeeded by Vice-President Arthur, who gave

in which the Republicans had a two-thirds

both houses.

the country a discreet, uneventful, and highly

majority,

alter the return sent by the state; and the

satisfactory administration.

Republican candidates were declared elected.

for the dead President, and the universal horror

passed

additional

measures in 1867, over the veto.

Congress,

reconstruction
Under them

As the easiest way out of the dilemma,
Commission

was

created,

whose

It decided that it had no right to

In the midst of it, the President

After eighty days of agony, manfully
died, September 19.

He was

The general liking

Politics were given a most unpleasant tinge

at his taking off, opened the eyes of the people

by the appearance of a great number of public

to the fundamental iniquity of the vaunted sys­

fifteenth

scandals, frauds in Pacific railroad construction

tem of “ rotation in office,” which had been the

amendment in 1870, made these measures a

(Credit Mobilier), in the payment of whisky

moving cause of the assassination.

part of the organic law.

taxes, and in the Indian bureau.

A n attempt

reacted on the politicians at once; and it was

the President and Congress caused the passage

to strike at their root was made by introducing

as difficult in 1884 to find a politician pro­

of the Tenure of Office bill, over the veto, in

the principle of competitive examination for

fessedly opposed to civil service reform, as in

1867, for the purpose of limiting the power of

appointment to office; but Congress did not

1880 to find one professedly in favor of it.

rem oval; and the President was impeached for

acquiesce, and refused to continue the neces­

The competitive system was put in force in the

violating it in 1868, in the case of Secretary

sary appropriation.

whole of Grant’s

national service by Congress and the President,

Stanton, but was acquitted.

second term was covered by a severe financial

and was also adopted in the service of the

panic, caused by extravagant railroad building.

larger states, and even in their cities.

the right of suffrage was secured to the freedmen, and the ratification
amendment

in 1868, and

of the fourteenth
of

the

The quarrel between

The

This result

G ra n t’s A d m in istra tio n s: 18697 7 .— The work of reconstruction was com­

One of its consequences was the appearance of

The economic condition of the South has

a new party, the Greenback party, which pro­

made it clearly evident to its own people that

pleted in 1870, by the re-admission of the last

posed to confine the issue of paper money to the

free labor is an enormous

of the seceding States; but it did not remain

Government, and abolish the banks of issue.

slave labor.

long undisturbed.

improvement on

The census of 1880, on which

this volume is based, bears abundant testimony

Negro suffrage resulted in

shamefully corrupt government; and the whites,

H ay es’ A d m in istra tio n : 1877-81.

not only to the economic welfare of all sections

who included all the taxpayers, gradually suc­

— The term of President Hayes was fortunate

of the Union, but to the economic advantage

ceeded, by purchase, by terrorism, or by open

in being uneventful.

of the current of American history, which has

violence,

Specie payment was resumed by the Govern­

been

governments, and resuming power. Force bills

ment in 1879.

supremacy and state rights, and the excision

were insufficient to stop the process, and only

of the public debt was placed at lower rates of

in

overturning

the

“ carpet-bag”

The panic died away.

Over a thousand million dollars

toward

the

conservation of

national

of the excrescence of state sovereignty.

P la te 6

P la te 6

POLITICAL HISTORY

SUPREMACY OF PARTIES AND INCREASE OF THE POPULAR VOTE.
1789.

1797.

W A S H IN G T O N .

H IS T O R Y O F A D M IN IS T R A T IO N - S Y N O P S IS . 1 7 8 9 ,- In a u iju ra tio n a t New Y o rk C ity , A p r il 30. T h e a b o litio n o f slavery discussed.
T h e b ill o f r ig h ts (te n c o n s titu tio n a l am endm ents) adopted. A t a r iff
fo r revenue and to encourage m anufactures, adopted.
T h e seat o f
gove rnm ent located. 1790.—T h e p u b lic d e b t o f th e confederation re ­
funded. S tate war debts assumed—$18,271,786. N a tu ra liz a tio n , p a te n t
and c o p y rig h t laws, passed. 1791.—D is tille d liquors taxed.—(Resistance in
Pennsylvania.) U n ite d S tates B ank chartere d (capital,
$10,000,000). 1792.—T he Post Office D e p a rtm e n t organ­
ized. 1793.—A fu g itiv e slave law passed.
W a r w ith E ngland th re a te n e d . 179 4.—
178© .
N e u tra lity proclaim ed as to France and
Electoral Vote.
E n glan d. W h is k e y in s u rre c tio n in Penn­
W ashington. 69
sylvania. 17 9 5 .—E m bargo la id to oppose
A d am s..........34
S c a tte rin g . . 35
V a ca n t.......... 8
T o t a l . . . . . . ..146

B r itis h “ O rde r in C o uncil.” J a y ’ s tre a ty o f commerce, boundary, and
claim s w ith G rea t B rita in , ra tifie d . Second n a tu ra liz a tio n law passed.
A cab in e t ru p tu re occurred. 1796,—T h e P re s id e n t and House o f Repre­
sentatives disagreed concerning th e tre a ty w ith G rea t B rita in .
A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S .
F ed eralist. 1798.—A d v o c a t e d a ta riff. 1790.—A d v o c a t e d : — I n te r ­
n a l revenue. A U n ite d S tates bank. T h e fu n d in g o f th e p u b lic deb t.
T h e assum ption o f state war debts. A m ilit ia organiza­
tio n . 1793.—S ym pathized w ith England.
A n ti-F e d e ra l. 1789.—A d v o c a t e d A b i ll o f rig h ts .
Electoral Vote.
S tate sovereignty.
179 0 .— O p p o s e d th e assum ption o f
F ed era l. ..130
state w ar debts.
em .-R ep.
D e m o c ra tic -R e p u b lic a n . 1793.— S ym pathized D c a tte rin g 98
S
48
w ith France.
T o ta l......... 276

i 7©
e.

“l

M O N R O E .— Continued.
a to u r o f th e S o uthe rn states, to in spect defenses and to m ake th e ac­
quaintance of th e people. A g reat fina n c ia l panic. F lo rid a purchased,
(consideration, $5,000,000). 1 8 2 0 .—T h e “ E ra o f good fe e lin g ” inaugu­
ra te d . T h e M issouri com promise b ill passed. A navigation act passed,
p rovid ing fo r im p o rts by U n ite d S tates vessels only. A n act passed,
closing th e ports o f th e U n ite d S tates against B ritis h vessels fro m
B r itis h colonies.
1821.—T h e electoral vote o f M issouri contested.
1 8 2 2 .—A tre a ty o f com merce w ith France, concluded. A n in te rn a l im ­
provem ent b ill, pro v id in g fo r th e preservation and re p a ir o f th e C um ber­
la n d road, vetoed. T h e independence o f M exico and o f five provinces
in S o uth A m erica, fo rm e rly und er th e dom in ion o f Spain, recognized.
T h e In d ia n fa c to ry system abolished. 1 8 2 3 .—A tre a ty w ith G reat
B r ita in fo r th e suppression o f th e slave trade, ra tifie d . T h e M onroe
doctrine prom ulgated. [ “ I t is im possible t h a t th e allie d powers (of
Europe) should ex te n d th e ir p o litic a l system to e ith e r (A m erican)
c o n tin e n t w ith o u t endangering o u r peace and happiness.” ] 1 8 2 4 ,—A
p ro te ctive t a r iff revived. T h ir ty thousand dollars appropriated fo r in te r ­
n a l im provem ents. L a fa y e tte v is ite d th e U n ite d States.
A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S .

D e m o c ra tic -R e p u b lic a n .

A d v o c a te d :

( 1817)— In te r n a l im ­

provem ents; (1819)—th e purchase o f F lo rid a ; (1 8 2 0 )—th e M issouri com ­
prom ise; (1 8 2 3 )—th e M onroe d o c trin e ; (1 8 2 4 )—a con­
s titu tio n a l am endm ent, ch a n g in g th e m e th o d o f elect­
1824.
in g th e President.
Electoral Vote.
Jackson. .. 99
A d a m s ___ 84
C ra w fo rd .. 41
C lay............ 37
T o ta l......... 261

1853.

1825.

J. Q . A D A M S .

H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . I 8 2 5 . - T h e P resident’ s policy, favor.
in g in te rn a l im provem ents, cre a te d a stron g opposition to his a dm in istra­
tio n . 182 6.—Georgia opposed th e policy o f th e G overnm ent concerning
th e rem oval o f th e Creeks. V a rious in te rn a l im provem ents undertaken.
A n e x c itin g Congressional debate occurred, on th e question o f sending
representatives to th e Panam a convention. A n e ffo rt made to amend
th e C o n s titu tio n , by s u b s titu tin g d is tric t fo r ele c to ra l votes in th e choice
o f th e P resident. 182 7.—Trade w ith B ritis h ports in th e W est Indies,
p ro h ib ite d .
T h e G a lla tin tre a ty o f in d e m n ity w ith G reat B rita in ,
ra tifie d . 1827-8—M any a d d itio n a l in te rn a l im provem ents und ertaken.
1 8 2 8 ,—A h ig h pro te ctive t a r iff act passed, a fte r a b itt e r sectional
debate. Free M asonry became an im p o rta n t p o litic a l question. The
P resident’ s policy o f m a k in g a p p o in tm e n ts to office w ith o u t regard to
p o litic a l sentim ents, proved disastrous to h is personal interests.
A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S .

D e m o c ra tic -R e p u b lic a n . 1 8 2 5 -1 8 2 6 . — A d v o c a t e d : — The
Panam a congress. T he lim itin g o f executive patronage. T he rem oval
o f th e Creeks fro m Georgia. 1 8 2 8 .—A d v o c a t e d : —A m ediu m protective
ta riff. In te rn a l im provem ents.
N a tio n a l-R e p u b lic a n . I t is d iffic u lt to define th e early principles
o f th is party. T h e le ad in g po lic y o f th e Clay-Adam s p a rty (later, th e
N ational-R epublican ) seems to have been, th e advocacy o f th e Panama
congress and o f a h ig h p ro te c tiv e ta riff, and opposition
to th e forc ib le rem oval o f th e Creeks fro m Georgia.
1828.
Popular Vote.
D e m .. 647,231
N. R .. 509,097
T o t a l.l, 156,328

1857.

P IE R C E .

H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . 1853.—T h e a cqu isitio n o f Cuba a gi­
ta te d . 1 8 5 4 .—T h e Ostend m anifesto issued. T h e Kansas-Nebraska
b ill passed, s e ttin g aside th e M issouri com promise. A tre a ty o f reci­
p ro c ity w ith England, and a com m ercial tre a ty w ith Japan, concluded.
1855.—T h e C o u rt o f Claim s established. 1856.—C iv il war in aug u ra te d
in Kansas. Sum ner assaulted by Brooks. T h e B r itis h m in is te r a t W ash­
in g to n , and th e B r itis h consuls a t New Y o rk , P h ila d e lp h ia , and C incin­
n a ti, dismissed. 1857.—T h e t a r iff reduced.
A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S .

D e m o c ra tic . 1854.— A d v o c a t e d th e Kansas-Nebraska b ill. 1856.
— A d v o c a t e d .-—N on-interference w ith slavery in th e te rrito rie s . T h e free
navigation o f th e M ississippi.
T h e M onroe doctrine. Free trad e.
R e lig ious freedom . O p p o s e d P o litic a l secret societies. In te r n a l im ­
provem ents.
R e p u b lic a n . 1856.— A d v o c a t e d / —T h e absolute co n tro l o f th e
te rrito rie s by Congress. In te r n a l im provem ents.
T h e adm ission o f
Kansas.
A Pacific railroa d.
O p p o s e d ; — Polygam y.
T h e Ostend
m anifesto. T he extension o f slavery to th e te rrito rie s .
A m e ric a n , and S ilver G ra y. 1856.—A d v o c a t e d : —A change in
th e n a tu ra liz a tio n laws. R e lig ious freedom . Reserved rig h ts o f states.
O p p o s e d ; —Suffrage and office-holding by fore ign-born citizens. Geo­
graphical parties. U n io n betw een c h u rc h and state.

Government Losses, by Administrations.

BUCHANAN.

H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS .
1857.—T h e D re d S co tt case decided.
B e g in n in g o f a fina n c ia l panic. T h e firs t A tla n tic cable la id. E x p e d itio n
sent against th e M orm ons. 1 8 5 8 .—T h e Leco m pton c o n s titu tio n for
Kansas tw ice rejected. T he E n g lis h com promise b ill passed. A tre a ty
o f a m ity w ith C h ina concluded. 1859.—T h e W y a n d o t c o n s titu tio n fo r
Kansas adopted. J o h n B row n’s ra id u n d e rta k e n . I 8 6 0 .—S o uth Caro­
lin a seceded. T h e P re s id e n t declared th e E xe cutive powerless to pre­
v e n t secession. M a jo r A nderson rem oved h is com m and to F o rt S u m ter.
1861.—S o u th e rn senators and officers resigned. T h e C ritte n d e n com­
prom ise defeated. Secession convention h e ld a t M ontgom ery, Alabam a.
A peace congress convened a t W ashington.
A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S .

D e m o c ra tic . 1857.—A p p r o v e d th e D re d S c o tt decision.
D o u g la s -D e m o c ra ts . I 8 6 0 . —A d v o c a t e d : —T h e P a cific railroad.
A fu g itiv e slave law. T he a c q u is itio n o f Cuba. T h e f u ll p ro te c tio n o f
citize ns a t hom e and abroad. T h e in te rp re ta tio n o f c o n s titu tio n a l law
by th e Suprem e Court.
B re c k ln rld g e -D e m o c ra ts . I 8 6 0 . —A d v o c a t e d : — The unre­
s tric te d adm ission o f states. T h e p ro te c tio n o f slavery in th e te rrito rie s .
T h e P a cific railroa d. The acq u isitio n o f Cuba. A fu g itiv e slave law.
T h e f u ll p ro te c tio n o f citizens.
R e p u b lic a n . I 8 6 0 . —A d v o c a t e d : —T h e preservation o f th e U n ion.
Freedom as th e n a tu ra l c o n d itio n o f te rrito ry . T h e e q u a lity o f a ll m en
before th e law. A ta riff. A hom estead law. O p p o s e d : —T he A fric a n
slave trad e. T h e r ig h t o f p ro p e rty in persons. A change in th e n a tu ­
ra liz a tio n law. T he Leco m pton cons titu tio n .
C o n s titu tio n a l-U n io n . I 8 6 0 . —A d v o c a t e d ; — The C o n s titu tio n .
T h e U n io n . T h e preservation o f th e laws.

~S~

JE F FE R S O N .

H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS .
1801.—In a u g u ra tio n a t W ashington,
M arch 4. T im b e r in th e dock-yards sold, and naval ship-b u ild in g stopped.
T h e P resident c ritic iz e d fo r p o litic a l removals.
W ar against T rip o li
(peace declared in 1805). 1 8 0 2 .—A u n ifo rm system o f na tu ra liza tio n
established. Spanish In te n d a n t declared th a t th e r ig h t o f deposit a t
New Orleans, no lo nger existed. 1 8 0 3 .—Louisiana purchased fro m France
(consideration, $15,000,000). E x tra o rd in a ry powers conferred on th e P resi­
d e n t fo r m a in ta in in g th e fre e navigation o f th e Missis­
sippi. 1 8 0 4 .—T h e tw e lfth am endm ent o f th e c o n stitu ­
tio n ra tifie d , pro vid in g fo r separate ballots fo r President
and V ice-P reside nt. T h e Lew is and C larke expe dition
D em .-R ep. 162
started. 1 8 0 5 .—T h e ca rryin g trade received a great im ­ F ed era l. .. 14
T o ta l......... 176
petus, b u t o u r sailors were obliged, ow ing to th e weak­
ness o f th e navy, to su b m it to gross in d ig n itie s and in sults

1829.

F E D E R A L I S T

1861.

JO H N SO N ’S ACCESSION.
H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS .
son. T he c iv il w ar term in ate d.

( A p r ilis , 1865.)

1865.—T h e E xe cutive denounced tre a ­
C o n d itio n a l am nesty proclaim ed. T h e

f e d

Q
1837.

revenue am ong th e states ($28,000,000 d is trib u te d ). T h e firs t Comm is­
sioner o f P a tents appointed. T h e specie c irc u la r issued.
A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S .
D e m o c ra tic . 1 8 2 9 .— O p p o s e d ; —A U n ite d S tates Bank. In d ia n
sovereignty.
I 8 3 0 - ’3 I . —A d v o c a t e d in te rn a l im provem ents. 1 8 3 2 .—
Opposed n u llific a tio n . 1 83 3.—A d v o c a t e d .-—S tate banks. T he rem oval
o f th e deposits. 1 8 3 4 .—A d v o c a t e d a gold and silve r currency. 1835.—
A d v o c a t e d th e rem oval o f th e Cherokees. 183 6 . — A d v o c a t e d th e sale of
p u b lic lands fo r specie only.
Lo co fo co . 1835.— O pposed:—Paper money. Monopolies. As­
sum ed powers.
N a tio n a l-R e p u b lic a n . 1831.— A d v o c a t e d . —In te r n a l im prove­
m ents. P ro te ctio n . A U n ite d S tates Bank.
1832.— A d v o c a t e d th e
divisio n o f th e proceeds o f la n d sales. O p p o s e d th e spoils system.
W h ig . 1 8 3 4 .—A d v o c a t e d : —T h e freedom o f re lig io n , speech and
press. T h e non-extension o f slavery. U n ive rsa l education and suffrage.
T h e divisio n o f th e proceeds o f land sales. A U n ite d S tates Bank.
In te r n a l im provem ents.
A p ro te ctive ta riff. O p p o s e d .-—R ebellion.
T h e paym ent o f gove rnm ent dues in specie.
1836.—
A d v o c a t e d : —T h e r ig h t o f p e titio n . Perm ission to circu- rla te anti-slavery docum ents.
1836.
T h e p rin cip le s o f th e A n tl-M a s o n iC p a rty (1827Popular Vote.
1834) and o f th e N u llifica tio n p a rty (1831), are D e m .. 761,549
su fficie n tly in d ic a te d by t h e ir names.
W h ig . 736.656

' v' '"1205

e

VAN

r a

l

I

iala.

th ir te e n th c o n s titu tio n a l am endm ent, abo lish ing slavery, ra tifie d . 1866.
—T he P resident denounced by his pa rty and supported by th e opposition.
T he fo u rte e n th am endm ent, co nferring c iv il rig h ts upon freedm en,
passed. A b ill to enlarge th e powers o f th e F reedm an’s Bureau, vetoed.
A b ill d e fin in g th e c iv il r ig h ts o f freedm en, passed. T he second A tla n tic
cable la id. 1867.— T h e powers o f th e E xe cutive lim ite d by congress. A
reconstru ction b ill passed over th e P resident’s veto. A b ill conferring
suffrage upon negroes in th e te rrito rie s , passed. A laska purchased
(consideration, $7,200,000). 1868.— P o litic a l am nesty proclaim ed. T he
fo u rte e n th am e n d m e n t ra tifie d . T h e S ecretary o f W a r (S tanton) re­
m oved. T h e P resident im peached, trie d , and a cq u itte d . 1869.— T he
fifte e n th am endm ent, g ra n tin g universal suffrage, passed.
A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S .

R e p u b lic a n . 1861.— A d v o c a t e d : —T he suppression o f th e rebel­
lio n . T h e issue o f greenbacks. A n in te rn a l revenue. A n a tio n a l b a n k­
in g system. T h e issue o f U n ite d S tates bonds and treasury notes.
1863.— A d v o c a t e d th e em ancipation o f slaves. 1864.—A d v o c a t e d : —A
c o n s titu tio n a l am endm ent, te rm in a tin g and p ro h ib itin g slavery. T he
paym ent o f th e n a tio n a l debt. T he em plo ym en t o f em ancipated slaves
as soldiers. F oreign im m ig ra tio n . O p p o s e d th e p la n tin g o f European
power in M exico. 1868.—A d v o c a t e d : —The im p ro ve m e n t o f th e n a tio nal
cre d it. T h e red u ctio n o f in te re s t on bonds. T he red u ctio n and e qu ali­
za tio n o f taxation.
D e m o c ra tic . 1864.— A d v o c a t e d a convention o f th e states to con­
clude a peace. O p p o s e d th e m ilita r y supervision o f elections. 1868.—
A d v o c a t e d : —U niversal am nesty.
S tate con tro l o f elections. T h e taxa­
tio n o f bonds.
T he re duction o f th e array. O p p o s e d a Freedm an’s
Bureau.

F E DE RA L

s t

1841.

BUREN.

H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . 1837.—A g reat fin a n cia l panic. T he
P resident refused to rescind th e specie circu la r. A n e x tra session o f
Congress called by th e P resident, to convene in Septem ber, in response
to th e u rg e n t p e titio n o f citizens, p ra yin g fo r general fin a n cia l
re lie f. T h e sub-treasury b i ll defeated in e x tra session, and in th e n e x t
reg u la r session (1838). 1 83 8.—Congress refused to rescind th e specie
circular. N e u tra lity enjoined d u rin g th e Canadian R e bellion . Con­
gress agreed to ta b le a ll p e titio n s and papers r e la tin g to slavery. 1839.
—T he P resident m ade a to u r o f th e p rin c ip a l c itie s and villag es o f New
Y o rk. A n e x c itin g debate to o k place in Congress on th e question
o f a d m ittin g five W h ig representatives fro m New
Jersey. 1 8 4 0 .—T he sub-treasury b ill passed.
1840.
Popular Vote.
A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S .
W h ig 1,275,017
D e m o c ra tic . 1837.—A d v o c a t e d a sub-treasury.
D e m ..1,128,702
1 8 4 0 . — A d v o c a t e d ; — S ta te rig h ts . F ree tra d e . A
A b o l..
7,059
revenue equal to necessary expe nditures only.
O p­
Total.2,410,778
p o s e d : —D o u b tfu l c o n s titu tio n a l powers. T h e a g ita tio n
o f th e slavery question. T h e assum ption o f state debts
by th e G overnm ent. In te rn a l im provem ents. A U n ite d States bank.
R e stricte d na tu ra liz a tio n laws.
W h ig . 1837.—A d v o c a t e d
designation o f sta te banks fo r
G overnm ent deposits.
A b o litio n . 1839. — A d v o c a t e d th e im m e d ia te a b o litio n o f
slavery.

1869.

L IN C O L N .

H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . 1861— T h e E xe cu tive denied th e power
o f a state to secede, and opposed in te rfe re n ce w ith th e dom estic a ffa irs
o f th e S outh. F eb rua ry 4.—T h e Confederate S tates o f A m e ric a organized.
A p r il 12.—T he firs t gun fire d a t F o rt S u m ter, in a u g u ra tin g th e c iv il war.
A p r il 15.—75,000 th re e m o n th s’ m ilit ia called. A p r il 19.—A procla m atio n
fo r th e blockading o f S o u th e rn ports, issued. M ay 3, J u ly 22 and 25.
—500,000 m en called (700,680 responded, p rin c ip a lly th re e years’ m en).
1862.— M ay 15.—T he D e p a rtm e n t o f A g ric u ltu re organized. J u ly 2.—
300,000 th re e years’ m en called. In te r n a l revenue b ill passed. Polygam y
forbidden. T h e U n io n P a cific R a ilro a d chartere d. J u ly 17.—T h e e n lis t­
m e n t o f negro soldiers authorize d.
A u g u s t 4.—300,000 nine m o n th s’
m ilitia called. S e ptem ber 22.— A co n d itio n a l em ancipation proclam ation
issued.
I863i—J a n u a ry 1.—T he em ancipation procla m atio n issued.
F eb rua ry 25.—A B ureau o f C urrency established.
T h e n a tio n a l bank­
in g system established. Ju n e 15.—T h e P resident asked fo r six m o n th s ’
m ilitia (about 13,000 responded).
Ju n e 19.—W e s t V irg in ia a d m itte d as
a state. J u ly 13.—T h e d ra ft r io t in N ew Y o rk C ity began. S e ptem ber 15.—
T h e w r it of habeas corpus suspended. O ctober 17, 1863, and F eb ru a ry 1,
1864.-500,000 th re e years’ m en called. D ecem ber 8.—A n am nesty procla­
m a tio n issued. D ecem ber 9. — A plan o f re constru ction announced.
1864. —M arch 14.-200,000 th re e years’ m en called. A p r il 23 to J u ly 18.—
One h un dre d days’ m ilitia called (about 83,000 responded). Ju n e 28.—T he
fu g itiv e slave law repealed. J u ly 18.—500,000 one, two, and th re e years’
m en called. D ecem ber 19.-300,000 one, two, and th re e years’ m en called.
1865,—A p ril 14.—T h e P resident assassinated. (D ied, A p ril 15.)

1817.

M A D IS O N .

H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS .
1 8 0 9 .—A non-intercourse a c t passed.
1810. —Proposal to repeal th e non-intercourse a ct (accepted by France,
b u t n o t by E n glan d.) 1812.—T h ird em bargo la id, fo r 90 days. W a r w ith
England. R io t in B a ltim o re . The G eneral Lan d Office established.
1813. —T h e e n tire coast blockaded b y th e B ritis h . The
war opposed by New England. W a r w ith th e Creeks.
1814. —O pposition to th e G eneral G overnm ent developed in
Electoral Vote.
New England. 18 15 .—A tre a ty o f peace w ith E n glan d r a ti­
D em .-R ep. 128
fie d a t G hent. T h e paym ent o f bou n ty to A lgie rs discon­
F e d e ra l.. . 89
tinue d. 1816.—T h e second U n ite d S tates B a nk chartere d
V a c a n t—
1
fo r 20 years. (C apita l $35,000,000.) A p ro te ctive ta riff
T o ta l_____ 218
adopted. A b ill fo r in te rn a l im provem ents v e toed.
—A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S .
D e m o c ra tic -R e p u b lic a n . 1 8 0 9 .—A d v o c a t e d a

non-intercourse act. 1811 .— O p p o s e d th e establishm ent o f a U n ite d S tates
Bank. 1812.—A d v o c a t e d war w ith England. 1816.—A d v o c a t e d a U n ite d
S tates Ba-nk.
C lin to n la n s . 1812 — A d v o c a t e d : — A. conquest o f Canada. W ar
w ith E n glan d. O p p o s e d ; —Lon g term s o f office. Caucus
nom inations. A V irg in ia presid ent. A n o fficia l regency.
1 8 1 (3 .
F e d e ra lis t. 1811.— A d v o c a t e d a U n ite d States
Electoral Vote.
Bank. 1812.— O p p o s e d war w ith England. 1816. — O p ­
Dem .-Rep. 183
p o s e d : —A U n ite d S tates bank. A p rotective t a r iff . [H a r t­
F ed era l. .. 34
fo rd C o n v e n tio n . 1815.— A d v o c a t e d defence o f state te r­ V a c a n t
4
rito ry a t th e expense of th e general governm en t. R e c o in - T o ta l......... 221
n tw n r te d seven c o n s titu tio n a l am endm ents, affe ctin g re­
presentation, taxation, adm ission o f states, commerce,
declaration of war, c iv il offices and p re sid e n tia l term s.]

T

1845.

H A R R IS O N .
[P re sid e n t H a rriso n died one m o n th a fte r h is in a u g u ra tio n .]

T Y L E R ’S ACCESSION. ( A p r il4 , i84i.)
H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . I 8 4 l. - T h e sub-treasury b ill repealed.
U u ite d S tates B a nk b ill tw ice vetoed. T he ca b in e t resigned, excep ting
W ebster. T h e P resident denounced b y h is party. Im p ris o n m e n t fo r deb t
abolished. A gen e ra l b a n k ru p t law passed. T he proceeds o f la n d sales
d is trib u te d am ong th e states. 1 8 4 2 .—Custom s d u tie s increased.
The
A sh burton-W ebster boundary tre a ty ra tifie d . 1 84 3.—
1844.
Congress app ro p ria te d
$30,000 towards th e Morse
Popular Vote.
telegraph.
A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S .
D e m .. 1,337,243
W h ig 1,299,068
W h ig . 1 8 4 0 .— Opposed th e Sem inole W a r. 1841.
L ib ...
62,300
— A d v o c a te d a lim ite d veto power. 1 8 4 4 .— A d v o c a t e d a
T o ta l .2,698,611
w e ll regulate d currency. O p p o s e d th e ann exation o f T exas.
D e m o c ra tic . 1844.- ji&LL0 nltnl ■
fjmm UgHls. T h e estab­
lis h m e n t© * th e G re fo n ljo u n d a ry a t “ fifty -fo u r fo rty or fig h t.” T h e
"^annexation o f Texas. O p p o s e d The lim ita tio n o f th e veto power.
A divisio n o f th e proceeds o f la n d sales.
L ib e rty. 1843.— A d v o c a t e d : — T h e im m e d ia te a b o litio n o f
slavery. E q ual rig h ts . H u m a n b ro th e rh o o d . O p p o s e d th e fu ­
g itiv e slave clause o f th e C o n stitu tio n .
N a tlv e -A m e rlc a n . 1844.— O p p o s e d : — F o re ig n la bor.

GRANT.

H IS TO R IC A L SYNOPSIS.

R e constructio n prosecuted. Im p o rt­
a n t questions o f finance discussed. 1869 (to 1873).—T h e t a r iff reduced.
1870.— In te r n a l revenue g re a tly reduced. T h e fifte e n th am endm ent
ra tifie d . T h e Santo D o m ingo question discussed. 1871.—A p p o in tm e n t
to th e c iv il service by com p e titive e xa m in a tio n in tro d u ce d .
The
A labam a claim s s u b m itte d to in te rn a tio n a l a rb itra tio n . T h e enforce­
m e n t a c t passed. 1872.— A general am nesty b ill passed. T h e Geneva
aw ard m ade ($15,000,000). T h e San Ju a n question s e ttle d b y a rb itra tio n .
T h e C re d it M o b ilie r exposed. 1873.— T he “ salary grab a c t ” passed.
T h e fra n k in g p rivilege repealed. F e d era l officials fo rb id d e n to hold
sta te offices. T h e V irg in iu s captured. S ilve r dem onetized. A great
fina n cia l pan ic. 1874.— T h e currency b i ll vetoed. 1875.— A c iv il rig h ts
b ill passed. A n a c t fo r th e resu m p tio n o f specie paym ent passed (to
ta ke effect J a n u a ry 1, 1879). 1876.— A tre a ty o f e x tra d itio n w ith Spain,
concluded. T h e Secretary o f W a r (B elknap) im peached, trie d , and
a cq u itte d . T h e s ilv e r b ill passed. 1877.—T h e E le cto ra l Commission
created.

R e p u b lica n .

ATTITU D E OF PARTIES.
1871.— A d v o c a t e d an e nforcem ent act.

1872.—

A d v o c a t e d : —T he ann exation o f Santo D om ingo. A c iv il service reform .
Im m ig ra tio n .
T h e enforcem ent o f th e c o n s titu tio n a l am endm ents.
F ree p u b lic lands fo r actual settlers. T h e resum ption o f specie paym ent.
T h e encouragem ent of ship-b u ild in g . T he a b o litio n o f th e fra n k in g
p rivile g e . 1875.— A d v o c a t e d th e resum ption o f specie paym ent. 1876.
—A d v o c a t e d ; —T h e paym ent o f bonds in specie. T h e sovereign con­
t r o l o f th e te rrito rie s by Congress.
O pposed: —
T h e use o f th e p u b lic funds fo r sectarian schools.
F u r th e r g ra n ts o f p u b lic la nds to corporations and
monopolies.

—U niversal am nesty. Free p u b lic lands fo r a ctu a l settlers. A c iv il service
reform . A single te rm fo r th e Executive. T h e resum ption o f specie
paym ent. A ta r iff by congressional action, “ w h o lly fre e fro m E xe cutive
in terfere nce o r d ic ta tio n .” O p p o s e d re p u d ia tio n .
D e m o c ra tic . 1876.— A d v o c a t e d : — Im m e d ia te re fo rm o f th e
F ed era l G overnm ent. A ta r iff fo r revenue only. Care
and p ro te ctio n fo r “ th e soldiers and sailors o f th e
R e public.”
D e n o u n c e d / —Federal ta xa tio n .
T h e re­
sum ption clause o f 1875. T h e ta riff. L a n d grants to
Popular Vote.
railroads. T h e issue re gardin g th e use o f p u b lic funds
Dens.'^4,284,885
. ip. .4,033,950
fo r sectarian schools.
P a rty patronage.
O pposed
G r,...
81,740
Chinese im m ig ra tio n .
P ro b ..
9,522
T e m p e ra n c e . 1872.— A d v o c a te d : — L e g a l
S c a t..
2,636
h ib itio n . Salaries, n o t fees. Low postage. I#tfm igraT o ta l-8,412,733
tio n . Fem ale suffrage. A d ire c t vote fa jra
'President.
A currency conve rtible in to coin. ^ S t f b e r m en fo r office-holders.
P ro h ib itio n . 1876.— A d v o c p t m : — P ro h ib itio n . T h e reduc­
tio n o f tele g ra p h ic, ra ilro a d ,. and postal rates. U n iversal suffrage.
Sabbath laws. Free p u b lic la nds fo r actual settlers. Compulsory
education. A direct,yiS te fo r President. In te rn a tio n a l a rb itra tio n .
La b o r-R e fo ym . 1872.— A d v o c a t e d : — A single te rm fo r th e
E xe cutive. E q u ita b le railroa d and tele g ra p h rates. A currency based
on property. A general am nesty. New p a te n t laws. Free p u b lic
lands.^^^Pne ta x a tio n o f bonds. T he subjection o f m ilita ry to c iv il
O p p o s e d prison labor.
G re e n b a c k . (N ation al.) (In d e p e n d e n t.) 1876.— A d v o c a t e d : —
C onvertible U n ite d S tates notes. A fra c tio n a l currency. O p-

1870^

PO LK.

N

18^9-

H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . I 8 7 7 . - A policy o f
c o n c ilia tio n adopted. F ed era l troops recalled fro m th i
p. .4,449,053
S outh. T h e Nez Perces w ar in au g u ra te d .
Dem . 4,442,035
G r.._. 307,306
$1,030,628,200 o f th e n a tio n a l debj^re-issued a t low er
Scat..
12,576
rates o f in te re s t. 187 8.—T h e s ilv e r b ill passed. T h e
T o ta l. 9,210,970
H a lifa x fishery
m ade ($5,500,000). A p p ro p ria tio n
b ill
riT* on account o f “ p o litic a l rid e rs .”
1879.—Specie
n e n t resum ed. C o m p e titive exam in a tio n in tro d u ce d in th e
civilse rvice . A p p ro p ria tio n b ills vetoed because o f “ p o litic a l rid e rs .”
A b ill m o d ify in g th e supervision o f elections, vetoed. T h e negro
exodus began.

A TTITU D E OF PARTIES.
1880.— A d v o c a t e d : — T h e a u th o rity of Con­

gress to define sta te and fe d e ra l powers. T h e con tro l o f Chinese
im m ig ra tio n . G overnm e nt a id to pop u la r education.
D e m o c ra tic . 1880.— A d v o c a t e d : — A paper currency con­
v e rtib le in to coin. A lim it to Chinese im m ig ra tio n . C iv il service
refo rm . F ree p u b lic lands fo r a c tu a l s e t^e ’
A t a r iff fo r revenue
O p p o s e d : — C e n tra liza tio n . M o n o i
only.
gove rnm ent troops o r officials a t th e polls. A n
G re e n b a c k . 1880.— A d v o c a t e d : — 1
The paymv
le gal te n d e r currency. A bureau o f la b o r statistics. ^
incom e tax. A n e ig h t-h o u r la bor system. T h e u n lim ite d _
o f gold and silver. Free p u b lic la nds fo r actu a l settlers. G o v ti
m e n t co n tro l o f th e currency. O p p o s e d : —Chinese im m ig ra tio n .
C o nvict labor. M onopolies. Increase o f th e standing arm y.
P ro h ib itio n . 1880 — A d v o c a t e d congressional co n tro l o f tHe
liq u o r tra ffic , and o p p o s e d its legalization.

(Based on a Special R ep o rt o f th e T re a s u re r.)
Administration
W a sh in g to n ..
A d am s...........
Je ffe rso n ___
M adiso n........
M onroe......... ..........
Adams, J . Q............
Jackson...............
V a n B u re n ...............
H a rrison and T y le r.
P o lk ...........................
T a ylo r and F illm o re
P ierce........
B u chanan..
L in c o ln .
Johnson..
G ra n t_________
Hayes (2 years)..

N o t e . — Originally the members o f
the Democratic-Republican party were
known both a* Republicans a n d a t Dem­
ocrats: at a subsequent period chiejty as
Republican*. ana latterly almost wholly
as Democrat*.

_

TAYLO R .

H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . 18 5 0 . —T h e om nibus b ill, covering ques­
tions re la tin g to th e M exican cession, discussed.
[P re sid e n t T a ylo r died J u ly 9, i860.]

F IL LM O R E ’S ACCESSION.

(J u ly 10, isso.)
185 2.
Popular Vote,
H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . 1 8 5 0 ,- T a y lo r ’s policy
and his own p a rty p la tfo rm , opposed by th e President.
D e m .. 1,601,474
W h ig 1,386,578
A tre a ty w ith E ngland in re la tio n to th e Panam a tran sit,
F . S ... 156,149
by ship-canal, ra tifie d . Comprom ise measures passed,
Total-3,144,201
p ro vid in g c iv il governm ents fo r th e M e xican cession,
fix in g th e Texan boundary, a d m ittin g C a lifo rnjn nnifl fn ll l l l l l i i i f fh n
capture o f f u g itive slauaifc— lO f ll. 1 -xfle corner stone o f th e C a p ito l
aan flllib u s te rin g a tte m p te d . 1 8 5 2 .—E x p e d itio n
sent to Japan.
A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S .

W h ig . 1 8 5 2 .—A d v o c a t e d th e com prom ise measures o f 1850.
D e m o c ra tic . 1 8 5 2 .—A d v o c a t e d The com promise measures
o f 1850.

T h e K e n tu c k y and V irg in ia n u llific a tio n resolutions.
1 8 5 2 .— O p p o s e d .’—T h e com promise meas-

F re e -S o il.

1881.

HAYES.

R e p u b lic a n .

A

FEDERALIST

H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . I 8 4 5 - - A u n ifo rm date fixed fo r h o ld ­
in g P residential elections. Congress rescinded th e ru le fo r ta b lin g p e ti­
tio n s re la tin g to slavery. 1 8 4 6 .—W a r w ith M exico declared. The
sub-treasury b ill re-enacted. T h e W ilin o t proviso in troduce d. T h e ta riff
o f 1842 repealed and a t a r iff fo r revenue only, adopted. T h e Oregon
boundary fixed. A n in te rn a l im pro ve m e n t b ill vetoed.
184 7.—In te r n a l im pro ve m e n t conventions h e ld a t
M em p his and Chicago. A second in te rn a l im provem ent
1848.
b ill vetoed.
1 8 4 8 .—T h e G uadaloupe-H idalgo tre a ty
Popular Vote.
o f peace w ith M exico, ra tifie d . 1 8 4 9 .—A postal tre a ty
W h ig 1,360,101
w ith E n glan d, concluded.
T h e D e p a rtm e n t o f th e
D e m .. 1,220,544
F .S ... 291,263
In te r io r organized.
T o ta l 2,871,908
A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S .
D e m o c ra tic . 1846. — A d v o c a t e d : — W a r w ith M exico. The
W ilm o t proviso. 1848*—R easserted th e principle s o f th e p la tfo rm
o f 1840. A d v o c a t e d a revenue equal only to necessary expe nditures.
O p p o s e d th e d is trib u tio n o f th e proceeds o f la nd sales.
W h ig . (Advanced no d e fin ite policy.)
L ib e rty -L e a g u e . 1 8 4 5 .—“ D u ty is ours—results are G od’s.
F re e -S o il. 1 8 4 8 . — A d v o c a t e d : — “ Free soil, free

1877.

D e m o c ra tic and L lb e ra l* R e p u b llc a n . 1872.— A d v o c a t e d :

C
era l i s t

^ rs r-1

MONROE.

H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . 1817.—A s p irit o f m u tu a l co n c ilia tio n
prevailed, p o in tin g to th e “ E ra of good fe e lin g .” T h e P re sid e n t visite d
th e p rin c ip a l c itie s and towns o f th e eastern and n o rth e rn states, to in ­
spect fo rtific a tio n s , garrisons, arsenals and naval de­
pots. In te rn a l revenue abolished. T h e construction of
1820.
th e E rie Canal begun.
T h e S em inole W a r inaugu­
Electoral Vote.
rated.
1818.—T h e officers and soldiers o f th e R evolu­
D em .-R ep. 231
tio n a ry W a r pensioned.
T h e present na tio n a l flag
O pposition *
adopted. A tre a ty re la tin g to th e n o rth e rn boundary and
V a c a n t___ _
to fisheries, concluded w ith G reat B rita in . T h e Spanish
T o ta l......... 235
posts o f S t. M a rks and Pensacola seized by G overnm ent
troops un d e r G eneral Jackson. T he firs t Sem inole W ar concluded.
1819.—T h e A rkansas b ill passed. T h e firs t steam er (th e “ Savannah ” )
crossed th e ocean fro m N ew Y o rk to Liverp ool. T h e P resident made

U

JA C K S O N .

H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . T h e slavery que stion was p ro m in e n t
th ro u g h o u t th e a d m in is tra tio n . 1829.—H u ndreds o f fe d e ra l officers
rem oved’to m ake room fo r p o litic a l favorites. C om m ercial tre a tie s w ith
B ra z il and Russia, ra tifie d .
1830.— T h e n u llific a tio n debate between
H ayne and W ebster, occurred. In te r n a l im provem ents became an issue
between Congress and th e P resident. T h e p o rts o f th e U n ite d States
were opened to B r itis h colonies. 1831.— T h e C a bine t resigned. A b ill
passed g re a tly lim itin g th e powers o f th e U n ite d S tates courts. In s u r­
re ctio n o f slaves in V irg in ia , le d b y N a t T u rn e r. T h e p u b lic a tio n o f
“ T h e L ib e ra to r” begun. R a ilw ay co n stru ctio n earnestly prosecuted. A
tre a ty w ith T u rk e y ra tifie d (freedom o f th e B la ck Sea). T reaties o f
boundary and com merce w ith M exico, ra tifie d . T he Senate refused to
concur in th e a p p o in tm e n t o f V a n B u re n as m in is te r to E n glan d, th u s
com pellin g h im to re tu rn hom e. 1832.— T h e S o u th C a rolina n u llific a ­
tio n convention held. A procla m atio n against n u llifie rs issued b y th e
P resident. T h e B lack H a w k w ar in augurated.
A tre a ty o f com merce
w ith Russia, concluded.
T h e re -ch a rte r o f th e U n ite d S tates B a nk
vetoed. T h e t a r iff readjusted. 1833.—T h e force act passed. Clay’s
t a r if f b ill passed (gradual re d u c tio n u n t il 1842). G overnm e nt de­
posits in th e U n ite d S tates Bank, discontinued . 1834.— T h e P resident
censured by th e Senate. France and o th e r fo re ig n powers req u ire d
to se ttle old claim s. 1835.—T h e N a tio n a l D e b t e x tin ­
guished. T h e second war w ith th e Sem inoles inaugu1832.
rate d.
1836.— A b i ll passed d iv id in g th e surplus
Popular Vote.
D e m .. 687,502
N. R._ 530,189
A .M .. 33,108
Total-1,250,799

1809.

fro m com m andants o f blockading squadrons in fo re ig n ports. A m e rica n
seamen im pressed by G re a t B rita in . 1 8 0 6 .—T h e im p o rta tio n o f specific
articles o f B ritis h g ro w th or m anufactu re, p ro h ib ite d . T h e question o f
n e u tra l r ig h ts w ith E n glan d and France, discussed. A n in te rn a l im prove­
m e n t b ill passed. 1 8 0 7 .—T h e slave trad e p ro h ib ite d a fte r Jan u a ry 1,
1808. A coast survey authorize d.
A second em bargo
la id (repealed except as to France and G re a t B r ita in in
1808.
1809). B u rr trie d fo r conspiracy and a c q u itte d . T he
Electoral Vote.
Chesapeake searched by E n glish naval officers.
Dem .-Rep. 122
A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S .
F ed era l. . . 47
D e m o c ra tic -R e p u b lic a n . 1 8 0 7 . — A d v o c a t e d
C lin to n
6
an em bargo act.
V a c a n t—
1
T o ta l......... 176
Fe d e ra lis t! 1803. — O p p o s e d th e purchase of
Louisiana. 1 8 0 7 ,— O p p o s e d an em bargo act.

M

T

DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN

DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN

ANTI-FEDERAL

1801.

ADAMS.

H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . 1797.—In a u g u ra tio n a t P h ila d e lp h ia ,
M arch 4. 1798.—A sta n d in g arm y organized. T h e Navy D e p a rtm e n t
created. Commerce harassed by th e French and E n glish. A lie n , strong
natura liza tio n , and sed itio n laws, passed. N u llific a tio n resolutions passed
by K e n tu cky. 17 9 9 .—T h e V irg in ia resolu tions passed. T h e R obbins ex­
tra d itio n case trie d . 1 8 0 0 .—A general b a n k ru p t law passed. T h e ca b in e t
dismissed. 18 0 1,—T h e P resident elected by th e House a fte r 36 ballots.
A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S .
Fe d e ra lis t. 1798.—A d v o c a t e d : —A lie n and sedition
1800.
laws. A stron g n a tu ra liz a tio n law. W a r w ith France.
Electoral Vote.
D e m .-R e p . 1798.— A d v o c a t e d n u llific a tio n . O p p o s e d Dem .-R ep. 146
increase o f th e arm y and navy. 18 0 0 .— A d v o c a t e d .-—State F ed era l ...129
rig h ts . Freedom o f re lig io n , speech, and press. L ib e ra l H a y _____ 1
T o ta l........ 276
natura liza tio n . E n la rg e d suffrage. F ree trad e.

G A R F IE L D .

’'H IS T O R IC A L SYNOPSIS. rS S r.-T H e’ S ta f Rdute iiivekCTg-atl?ffir
begun. M a tu rin g bonds extended a t a low er ra te (3i per ce n t.—“ W in doms ” ). A pro tra cte d controversy occurred between th e P resident and
Senators, concerning F ederal app ointm ents. T h e P re sid e n t was shot
J u ly 2,1881. (D ied, S e ptem ber 19.)

A R T H U R ’S ACCESSION. (Sept. 20, 1881).
1882.— G uiteau trie d fo r th e assassination o f P re sid e n t G arfield,
convicted, and h u n g J u n e 30. T h e M orm on question revived. Chinese
im m ig ra tio n discussed. A n im p o rta n t riv e r and h a rb o r b ill passed, over
th e P resident’ s veto. 1883.— A com prehensive c iv il service b i ll passed.
T he T a riff reduced. T h e S ta r R oute d efenda nts a cq u itte d . A general
s trik e o f te le g ra p h operators occurred. L e tte r postage reduced to tw o
cents. S tanda rd tim e (Eastern, C e ntral, M o u n ta in , P a cific) adopted.
1884.—T a riff revision and fo rfe itu re o f la n d grants discussed. T h e
P resident vetoed th e b ill re in s ta tin g G eneral P o rte r.
ATTITU D E OF PARTIES.
R e p u b lic a n . 1884.—A d v o c a t e d : — A p ro te ctive ta riff. R e d u ctio n
o f surplus revenue. A n a tio n a l bureau o f labor. E q u a liz a tio n o f pen­
sions. A p p ro p ria tio n s fo r e du cational purposes. A n increase o f th e
Navy. L e g is la tio n to encourage A m e ric a n sh ip p in g . F o rc ib le suppres­
sion o f polygam y.
D e m o c ra tic . 1884.—A d v o c a t e d : —A re d u c tio n o f ta x a tio n . A
t a r iff fo r revenue and lim ite d pro te ctio n . F ix e d salaries fo r fe d e ra l offi­
cers. Free education. T he repeal o f laws re s tric tin g labor. T h e in cor­
poration o f la bor organizations. A n A m e rica n policy. O p p o s e d sum p­
tuary laws.
N a tio n a l G re e n b a c k . 1884.— A p p r o v e d th e le g a l te n d e r de­
cision o f th e Suprem e C ourt. A d v o c a t e d : — T h e s u b s titu tio n o f green­
backs fo r n a tio n a l b an k notes. T h e p ro m p t p aym ent o f th e p u b lic debt.
A t a r iff on lu xu rie s only. A g radua ted incom e ta x. A G overnm ent
postal teleg rap h. Suffrage w ith o u t regard to sex.
T h e P re c e d in g P a rtie s . 1884.— A d v o c a t e d : — C iv il service re ­
fo rm . Congressional co n tro l o f in te r-sta te com m erce. F o rfe itu re o f
unearned la n d grants. M ore in tim a te re la tio n s w ith A m e rica n repub­
lics. O p p o s e d : — Chinese im m ig ra tio n . T h e acq u isitio n o f la n d by m o­
nopolies or non-resident aliens. T h e im p o rta tio n o f co n tra c t labor.
P ro h ib itio n . 1884 .—A d v o c a t e d : —P ro h ib itio n o f th e im p o rta tio n ,
m anufactu re, supply and sale o f alcoholic beverages. A t a r iff fo r revenue
and pro te ctio n . C iv il service re fo rm . A gove rnm ent le g a l te n d e r cur­
rency only. U n re s tric te d im m ig ra tio n . O p p o s e d th e g ra n tin g o f lands
to corporations, and also large hold in g s fo r speculation.

N
JE X JP L A N A T O i l Y .
T h is C h a rt is designed to present, a t a glance, a b ird ’seye view o f th e p o litic a l h is to ry o f th e coun try, b e g in n in g
w ith colonia l tim es.
C o lo rs .— T h e color-belt, in th re e sections, Bhows by its
va ryin g w id th , th e re la tive size, and increase o r decrease, o f
th e to ta l P re sid e n tia l vote. Each o f th e le a d in g p o litic a l
pa rtie s is represented by a d is tin g u is h in g color, and th is
color occupies th e e n tire w id th o f tn e b e lt fo r th e period d u r­
in g w h ic h th e p a rty was in power. T h is d is tin c tio n of colors
is observed th ro u g h o u t th e P lates o f th e P o litic a l Group.
E le c tio n s .— The narrow p e rpen dicular bars o f color
compare th e re la tive p a rty vote a t each election, th e la rgest
vote being represented by th e upp erm ost section, and th e
others by th e divisions below, in o rd e r o f size, unless th e
vote o f a p a rty was to o sm all to be cle arly shown on th is
scale.
P a rtie s.— W h e n n o t in power, pa rtie s are shown on
th e color b e lt by black lines and names only. T h e dire ctio n ,
blending, o r separation of these lines, serve to in d ica te pa rty
affiliations, accessions, or disrup tions. A fa c tio n b re a kin g
fro m a pa rty d u rin g its suprem acy, is shown by converging
lin e s; and a fa ctio n u n itin g w ith th e p a rty in power, by d i­
vergin g lines, te rm in a tin g in th e color t h a t represents th e
party.
. P o litic a l P e rio d s .— The sm all c h a rt a t th e low er
rig h t-h a n d corner o f th is fo lio , shows, in a general way, the
pre d o m in a n t subjects th a t have occupied th e a tte n tio n o f
th e General G overnm ent, and also, by colors and dates, th e
pa rtie s in power, d u rin g th e d iffe re n t periods.

T H E C O L O N IA L PERIOD.
H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . 1636.—In d ire c t ta x a tio n opposed. 1651.
N a vigatio n laws evaded. 167 2.—In te rc o lo n ia l du tie s evaded. 1 7 5 4 .—
T he c o n s titu tio n d ra fte d by com m issioners fo r th e A m e rica n colonies, dis­
cussed. [T he Crown to a p p o in t th e governors, o rig in a te bills , a n d re ta in an
absolute veto power, b u t th e colonies to le g is la te .] Rejected. 1765.—D ire c t

1776

ta x a tio n opposed. The stam p act resisted. 17 7 4 .—A declaration o f rig h ts
i&sued. 1775.—T h e R e vo lu tio n a ry W a r in augurated. 1776.—Independence
declared. A rtic le s o f confederation proje cted . (Drawn, 1777. A d opte d,
1781.)
1787. — The c o n s titu tio n fram ed.
T h e N o rth w e s t T e rrito ry
form ed. 178 8.—T h e c o n s titu tio n ra tifie d . '7 8 9 . - M a r c h .* .— 'T he G eneral

G overnm ent organized. T he re was, th ro u g h o u t th e colonial period, a
com mon and grow ing s e n tim e n t aga inst in te rfe re n ce , by th e Crown, w ith
m anufactures and o th e r lo ca l in terests.

A TTITUDE OF PARTIES.
W h ig .

1783

w

H

T O RY

1781.—Advocated a confederation. I n la te ry e a rs th e “ S trong

G overnm e nt M en,” favored a c o n s titu tio n , and th e “ P a rticu la rists,” state
sovereignty.
T o r y . A d v o c a t e d th e claim s o f th e E n glish Crown.
Fe d e ra lis t. A d v o c a t e d a c o n stitu tio n .
A n ti-F e d e ra lis t. A d v o c a t e d a confederation.

P O LIT IC A L PERIODS.
1789

1816

F IR ST PERIOD.

F E DE R AL I S T
’ r EDERALI ST

SECO

PERIOD.

isin

1872

1844
18^5

I8&-9

I8j53

•£?

TH IRD PERIOD.

(27 Y E A R S .)

(28 Y E A R S .)

FOREI GN RE L A T I ONS .

F I N A N C E AND I N D U S T R Y .

SLAVERY, CVIL WAR, AND RECONSTRUCTION,

FOURTH P ER IO D .

(28 Y E A R S .)

1788

1787

___________

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHA(|_ES SCRIBNER’S SONS.,

FINANCE AND INDUSTRY.

POLITICAL HISTORY

P late 7

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS.

(Based on Tables in the “ American Almanac
and T re a su ry o f Facts.” )

Electoral Vote, 1789 to 1832.
SCALE:

Elect-

Date
1789

j

Candidate

73 George W ashington
George C lin to n .......
135
George W ashington
A aron B u r r ..............
P
k
138 Thom as Jein crsn e y .
Thom as
ffe o n ..
Jo h n A d am s............
Charles O. P inckney
138 A aron B u r r ..............
Thom as Je ffe rs o n ..

1792

1796

1S00

1812

218
22]

me

1832

30
68

73

D e m .-R ep.. 37
D em .-R ep.. 41
D em .-R ep. .
Dem .-R ep.. 99
N a t.-R ep. — 83
D e m o c ra t.. 178
7
A n ti-M ason
11
N a t.-R e p —
D e m o c ra t.. 219

176

1828

D em .-R ep..
F e d e ra lis t .
F ed e ra lis t .
D em .-R ep..
F e d e ra lis t.
D em .-R ep..
F e d e ra lis t.
F e d e ra lis t.
F e d e ra lis t.
D em .-R ep..
D em .-R ep..

.
ra
261 W m n H . C d aw fo rd -.
Joh Q. A
m s ---A n drew Jack s o n —
Adam s
261 J o h n Q . Jackson___
A n dre w
. ..
W illia m W ir t ...........
288
A n dre w Jackson—

1S08

1821

34

F ed era list . 14
Dem .-R ep..
Dem .-R ep— 6
F e d e ra lis t .
Dem .-R ep.. 122
F e d e ra lis t.
Dem .-R ep.. 128
F e d e ra lis t. 34
Dem .-Rep. O pposition.
1
D em .-R ep—

176

1820

Votes

Charles C. P inckney
Thom as J e ffe rs o n ..
George C lin to n .......
C harlesC. P inckney
Jam es M a d is o n ---De W it t C lin to n ___
Jam es M a d is o n ---R u fus K in g . . . ___
'Jam es M o n ro e ........
[John Q. A d a m s ---|Jam es M onroe.........

1801

ISIS

Party

State

N. U.

Dem.

Ratio of Predominant
to Total Vote,

lack ion Adam* Crawford

18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3

R .I. .
Mo. ..
111. . ..
N .H . .
Miss. .
M e. .
C onn•.
Ala. . .
Va. . . .
Ind. . .
T en n.
N J ....
K y . .. .
M d. . . .
N .C . ..

2,145
311
1,542
4,107
1,694
6,870
7,587
2,416
3,189
3.095
216
9,110

10*20*30*40*50:!

18
17
16
15

ioo*

66.6

M o. . . .
N .C ....
V t____ 75.1
C onti. . 75.6
R .L . . 77.0

13
12
11

73.1

9
8

89.8
100.0

Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States.
Jackson

Adam*

987
1,901
643
3,234
2,330

200
219

Clay
1,401
1,047

119
1,978
1.680
8,489

9,443
2,861
7,343
20,197
10,985
6,453
14,523 14,632
20,415
30,687

312
1,196

67
416
5,315

16,782
3,646
695
15,621
6,616
4,206
19,255

State

N .Y . ..
K y. . .
M e.. ..
R .I. . .
N .H . ..
V t ____
Conn. .
La.
Pa. . ..
[Ind. . .
Mass. .
111. ..
V a .......
N.C. ..

2,345
2,699
4,709
4,750
5,047
9,200
9,565
13,606
14,955
15,753
20,725
21,291
23,235
33,496
36,036
37,303
47,355
49,992

R . I . , ..
821
2,754
3,575
M is s ...
6,763
1,581
8,344
6.763
1,581
8,344
J11........
L a ____
4.605
4,097
8,702
4,349
4,769
9,118
D e l....
M o .. ..
8,232
3,422 11,654
C o n n ..
4,448 13,829 18,277
Ga....... 18,709
18,709
A l a . . . 17,138
1,938 19,076
V t ........
8,205 24,784 32,989
M e .. - ,13,927 20,773 34,700
M ass. .
6,019 29,836 35,855
V a ... . 26,752 12,101 38,853
I n d . . . . 22,237 17,052 39,289
N .H . .. 20,692 24,076 44,768
N . J . . . . 21,950 23,758 45,708
T e n n . . 44,090
2,240 46,330
M d .. . . 24,578 25,759 50,337
N.C. .. 37,857 13,918 51,775
Kv, . . . 39,084 31,172 70,256
O n to .. 67,597 63,396 130,993
Pa....... 101,652 50,848 152,500
N . Y . .. 140,763 135,413 276,176

I

1

22
21
20
19
18
17
16

v o te s

■
Ml

2

Issa
.i.y.’
-it

300,000
----tmmm
2EBBS9
e-.r.'W
T-.TI
mammm

Summary.
Candidate

100,000 V otes.

Votes

Adams, J . Q .........
Jackson.................

509,097

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

S tate

R .L . . .
Mo. . . .
M is s ...
La-----D e l.. ..
V t. - 111........
Ga____
Conn. .
N.C---T e n n ..
M d___
N . H . ..
Va. ..
T nd .. ..
N .J. . .
Mass. .
Me. . . .
Ky. . ..

14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4

2

3

3

3

m
m
m

BH
1^3
na
nea
HUD

5
Votes

Candidate
C ra w fo rd ...............
C lay............ .........
Adams, J . Q ..........
Jackson.................

mm3$ %o
oio 5 %

6

44,282
46,587
105,321

Ratio of Predominant
to Total Vote,

. - 'i

50.9
52.1
54.4
55.0
56.9

10
02

57.2
58.6
61.1
61.6
67.0
69.3

l

2,126
5,192
5,919
4,049
4.110
7,870
14,147
20,750
11,269
24,862
28,740
19,156
25,486

Total

2,810
2,528
4,276
11,152
5,429

4,936 ,
5,192 ■ (M ajo rity .
5,919 1
6,577 ■
8,386 ■
19,022 wm
19,576 wm

17,755
4,563
1,436
19,160
19,010

3

3

4

29,024
29,425
30,176
38,316
44,496

31,552 15,472 47,024
23,856 23,393 47,249
14,545 33,003 47,548
33,291 27,204 60,495
36,247 43,396 79,643
90,983 66,7l6
2 O h io .. 81,246 76,539 157,785
ICO, 497 154,000
1

2

4

5

5

SC ALE :

Clay

J ii.kson

1

2

Analysis of the Popular Vote,
Bank

1

2

50. +

SCALE:

Total

1

2

1
i
■
■
a
■

JACKSON-1832.

N. Rep. Dem.
50. +

l

Total

72.2
74.5
84.4
95.2
100.0
100.0
1 A la . . . ......... 100.0
6

81.0

M ass. . 83.2

23
22
21
20
T9
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

State

23 M d .. ..
22 M o .......
N.J.
20 D e l.. ..

59.8
M e ..
P a ____

State

Rank

Ratio by States.

N .H ._ . 53.7
K y. ..

Bank

KEY

Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States.

Bank

N .Y . ..
M d. ... 51.1
O ftio ..
N .J — 51.9
D e l . . . . 52.3

G a ........

N o te . — In t h e
ele ctio n o f 18 24,
each candidate rep­
resented a division
o f th e same party
( t h e bem ocraticR-epub lica n ;; b u t in
shading th e map,
e a c h division i s
tre a te d as i f i t had
b e e n a separate
party.

Pa.......
1 O hio .. 18.457 12,280

JACKSON-1828.

Ratio by States.

Ratio of Predominant
to Total Vote,

J. Q. ADAMS-1824.

Ratio by States.
N o te s . —Previous to 1804 each
electo r voted fo r tw o candi­
dates fo r President. T h e can­
didate receiving th e largest
vote was declared President,
and th e one receiving th e n e x t
largest, V ice-P reside nt.
A rtic le X I I . of th e A m e n d ­
m e n t s to th e C o ns titu tio n ,
w h ich took effect Sept. 25, 1804.
requires electors to b a llo t sepa­
ra te ly fo r P resident and VicePresident.
Previous to 1824 m ost o f th e
states chose P residential Elec­
tors by rh e ir Legislatures, and
th e re tu rn s of th e pop ular vote
are n o t preserved w ith sufficien t
completeness fo r m a k in g com­
parisons.
T h e votes n o t in clude d in th e
table , are, 1789, scattering, 35;
vacant, 4 (8 votes). 1792, scat­
tering, 5 ; vacant, 3 (0 votes).
1796, scattering. 48. 1800, J o h n
Hay, 1. 1808, George C linton,
6: vacant, 1. 1812, vacant, 1.
1816, vacant, 4. 1820, vacant, 3.
1832, vacant, 1.

uu . iahj

1

v o te s.

o

J

T o ta ls unknow n.)

2 » ,000

6

6

300,000

Summary,

y u ." .' w

Candidate
__________ a

Votes

W ir t and Floyd ..
Clay ....................
Jackson.................

33,108
530,189
687,502

VAN BUREN—1836
-------A

Ratio by States.

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

100,000 V otes.
■ C a rrie d

no State.

Ratio of Predominant
to Total Vote,

SCALE:

State

Hank

Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States.
Rank
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

State

Van Buren Harrison

21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

SCALE:
100,000 V otes.

Total

W h i,

N .J . . .
24 Miss. —
23 Conn. .
Pa.......

A r k ---R .I. . . .
La........
Del. . .
M ich. .
M o .. . .
M is s ...
N .H . ..

2,400
1,238
3,638
2,964
2,710
5,674
3,653
3,383
7,036
4,155
4,738
8,893
7,360
4,000 11,360
10,995
8,337 19,332
9,979
9,688 19,667
18,722
6,228 24,950
18,097 14,983 33,080
Ill........
19,068 15,637 34,705
Ala. . .
14,037 20,991 35,028
V t -----M e ... .
22,300 15 239 37,539
Conn. .
19,234 18,466 37,700
Ga.......
22,126 24,930 47,056
M d ... .
22,167 25,852 48,019
N .C ....
26,910 23,626 50,536
N.J. . .
26,347 26,892 53,239
30,261 23,368 53,629
V a.......
26,120 35,962 62,082
Tenn. K y. . . .
33,435 36,955 70,390
32,480 41,281 73,761
In d . . .
Mass. _ 33,501 41,093 74,594
91,475 87,111 178,586
Pa____
96,948 105,405 202,353
O hio 166,815 138,543 305,358
N .Y . -

200,000

D em

1#0 3 ^0 50#
0 2 #0 1#

5 0 .5
5 0 .7
5 1 .2
5 2 .0

R .I. . .

5 2 .2

K y ...

5 2 .5
5 2 .9

Ga.......
N.C.
D el. . .
M d - ..
N .Y . ..

5 3 .2
5 3 .8

111............

In d . . .
V a .......
M o___
T e n n ..
M e___

J
C

5 4 .7
5 4 .9

Ala. . .
"55.6
5 5 .9

5 6 .4
5 6 .8
’ 5 7 .5 "
5 9 .4
5 9 .9

V t ---------

M ic h ..
A rk . ..
N .H . . . .........

6 4 .7
6 5 .9

300,000
400,000

Electoral Vote.
Summary.

j

Candidate

Candidate
Votes

1 )0,000 V otes.

W . P. M a n g u m ............
D a niel W e b s te r...........
H u g h L . W h ite ............
W illia m H . H a rris o n ..
M a rtin V a n B u re n ___

50 0 ,0 0 0

Wrh ig Candidates) 736,656
V a n B u re n ..........| 761,549

\

Party

W h ig .........
W h ig .........
W h ig .........
W h ig .........
Dem ocratic

Votes
11
14
26

HARRISON—1840.
Ratio by States.
Rank
25

Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States,

23
22

SCALE:
Bank

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
I

Sta te

R . I . ..
D e l..
A rk . .
La—
Miss.
M ich.
V t. . .
Mo. ..
Conn.
N .H ..
M d .A la ...
N .J .Ga—
N.C. .
V a— .
:Ky. . .
Me. ..
111. . . .
Tenn.
I n d . ..
Mass.
O h io .
Pa— N .Y ..

H arriso n Van Buren

5,278
5,967
5,160
11,297
19,518
22,933
32,445
22,972
31,601
26,158
33,528
28,471
33,351
40,261
46,376
42,501
58,489
46,612
45,537
60,391
65,302
72,874
148,157
144,021
225,817

Total

3,301
8,621
4,884
10,851
6,049
11,209
7,617
18,914
16,995
36,513
44,352
21,098
60,773
18,009
52,732
29,760
25,296
57,071
58,954
32,670
62,280
28,752
62,462
33,991
64,454
31,034
31,933
72,194
34,218
43,893
91,105
32,616
93,007
46,201
93,162
47,476
108,680
48,289
116,997
51,695
51,948 1,621 126,443
124,782
903 273,842
343 288,040
143,676
212,519 2,798 441,134

100,000 V otes.
16
15
14

8 ta te

Pa-----M e. . . .
Va.
.
I l l ____
M ich. .
N .Y . .
N .J.
M d.
A rk — .

5 0 .8
5 0 .9

5 3 .9

N .H . ..

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3

G a____
In d ----A la —
M o___
N.C. ..
Mass. .
L a ____
R .I. —-

5 5 .4

KEY

B im e y ....................
V an B u re n ...........
H a rris o n ...............

W.H.H. SJ.V.B.

5 6 .0
5 6 .4

/

U n d e r 55V o f a l l ____
55V and und er 60V ...

V t ...........
1

K y.
60V

300,000

400,000

,r

70V

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

80V

„

I0 V - _

>. 8 0 V ”

»

90V —

90V and o v e r------------

Summary,
Candidate

SCALE:
10#20#30#40#50 #

D el. . .

12

200,000

D em .

Ratio of Predominant
to Total Vote,

Votes
7,059

100,000 V otes.

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

1,0 0 0
0 ,0 0

Electoral Vote.
Candidate

P a rty

M a rtin Va n B u re n ----- D e m ocratic
W illia m H . H a rris o n .. W h ig —-----

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS.

V o te by L e g is la tu re ..!
Votes

POLITICAL

HISTORY

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS.

P la te 8
(Based on Tables in the “ American Almanac
and Treasury of Facts.” '

-Continued.

Ratio of Predominant
to Total Vote,
by States.

SCA LE:
Whi*

R ank

S tate

25
24

N .Y . . .
O h io ..
iM ic h . .
T enn. .
In d . . .
P a. .
N .J . . .

21

22
21
20
19

State
Del. . .
R .I..
A r k ---L a ........
M iss.
V t -----N .H . ..
M ich. .
Conn. .
Md. . .
M o___
N .J ....
N.C. ..
M e ... .
G a.......
V a.......
I l l ........
K y -----Tenn. .
Mass. .
Ind.
O hio ..
P a.
N .Y .

Clay

Polk

5,996
6,728
4,867
7,322
9,546
5,504
13,782 13,083
25,126 19,206
18,041 26,770
27,160 18,866
27,759 24,337
37,741) 26,084
29,841 32,832
32; 676 35,984
41,369 31,251
37,495 38,318
39,287 43,232
45,719 34,378
44,177 42,106
49,570 43,677
57,920 45,528
51,988 61,‘255
59,917 60,030
52,846 67.418
70,181 67,867
149.117 155,057
167,535 161,203
237,588 232,482

Total

Birney

SCA LE:

12,274
12,296
15,050
26,865
44,332
48,765
49,187
55,728
63.824
64,616
6*. 660
72,620
75,944
82,519
84,933
86,283
93,247
107,018
113,243
119,947
131,124
140,154
312,224
331,876
485,882

107

3,954
4.161
3,632
1,943
131
4,836
3,570
10,860
2,106
8,050
3,138
15,812

100,000 V otes.

6 2,300
1 ,2 99,068
1 ,3 37,243

B i r n e y ...........................
C l a y .................................
P o l k .................................

4 9 .8
5 0 .0
5 0 .0

IOWA

5 0 .4
5 1 .1

M ass. .
13 |N . C .
1 2 M d -----1 1 V a _____
10 M e ..
.
9 K y. .. .
8 III. . . . .
7 V t _____
6 N .H . ..
5 'M i s s . . .
4 M o .........
3 | A la . . .
2 I R .I. . .

5 1 .4
5 2 .3
5 2 .4

14

5 1 .2

_____
5 3 .1
5 3 .8

5 4 .0

1
&4.1

_

I

5 4 .8
5 6 .6
5 6 .9
5 9 .1

TENN.
U n d e r 55% o f a ll

5 9 .5

1

1 0 0 ,0 0 0 V o t e s .
Votea

10*20% 3 0 * 4 0 * 5 0 %

_
4 9 .6

17 I b e l . . .
16 G a _____

Summary
C a n d id a te

T*em

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

1

I !

"1

H

56% a n d u n d e r 60^"

00 0
0 ,0 0

Electoral Vote,

1

1
l
■ ■ ■ C a rrie d n o S t a t e .

1

W h ig . ...

H e n r y C la;j
Jam es K.

D e m o c ra tic

TAYLOR-1848

SCALE:
R ank

S tate

F la ...
R .I..
D e l. .
T ex. .
A rk . .
Io w a
L a. .
W is .
V t. ..
N .H .
M is s ..
A la ..
C onn.
M ic h .
M d. .
M o. .
| N .J .
N .C . .
M e . ..
!V a . .
G a ....
K y . ..
T enn.
'i l l . . . .
M ass.
I n d ...
IO h i o .
P a.
In . y .

IOWA

N .Y .
IConn,

100,000 V otes.

3 ,1 1 6
6 ,7 7 9
6,421
4 ,5 0 9
7 ,588
11,084
18,217
13,747
23 ,1 2 2
14,781
25 ,9 2 2
30 ,4 8 2
30,314
23 ,9 4 0
37 ,7 0 2
32,671
40,015
43 ,5 5 0
35 ,1 2 5
45,124
47 ,5 4 4
67,141
64,705
53,047
61 ,0 7 2
69,907
13 8 ,3 6 0
1 85,513
21 8 ,6 0 3

jln d . .
|Io w a
P a ...
M is s ..
V a.

10,668
9 ,300
12,093
1 5,370
16,001
10,948
27 ,763
26,537
31,363
27 ,046
3 0,687
3 4,528
40,077
36,901
3 4,869

IO W A .

A la ..
N .J.

47,907
50,104
52 ,4 5 9
61,845
62,365
65,016
72,355
72,748
77,745
78,419
87,101
91,719

44 ,802
49 ,720
58 ,419
56 ,300
35,281
74,745
154,775
171,176
114,318

Ratio of Predominant
to Total Vote,
by States,

10*20*80*40*50*

W is . .
II I . . .
M ass.
M e.
O h io
M ic h .
V t.

SCA LE:
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
i

V o te b y L e g is la tu re

G a . ..
D e l..
M d.

Ten n.
L a. .
M o ..

t e n n

.

A rk ...

W / U n d e r 55% o f a ll

116,861
123,124
125,121
134.411
152,752
328,489
367,952
453,431

5 5 % a n d u n d e r 60.%

P a r ty

Vote* 1

C a rrie d n o S ta te .

291.263
1,220,544
1,360,101

L e w i s < a s s .......................... D e m o c r a t i c
W h ite

SCALE:

N .J ..
K y. .
T enn.
M ass.
V a ...
1111. . .
In d . .
O h io
P a . ..
In . y .

7,193
12,673
17,005
18,547
19,577
3.’ ,‘ 23
2
35,902
41,919
43.838
44,424
51,365
52.839
64,712

7,404
15,856
17,255
15,038
2 2,173
17,548
16,660
16,147
2 2,240
3 0,357
29,984
3 5,066
3 5,407
3 9,058
3 2 ,543
3 3,859
3 8 ,556
57,068
5 8,893
5 2,683
5 8,572
6 4,934
8 0,901
152,526
1 79,174
2 34,882

100,000 V otes.

State

W h i«

30
29
28
27
26
25

M ass. .
O h io ..
C onn. .
D e l. N .Y .. .
N .C . .
M ic h .
Io w a
V t. .
M e.
T enn.
R .I.
K y.
i P a -------

PIERCE-1852

42 .0

24

23
22
21
'20

19
18
17
16 111.
..
15 L a .
14 W i s . . .
13 I n d .
12 N . J .
11 M d .
10 C a l .
9 !V a . . .
8 M o. .
7 N .H .
6 F la ..
.
5 M i s s ___
4 A rk . . .
3 A la . . _
2 G a _____

68,337
75,140
76,133
78,861
82,182
8 2 ,9 :*
83,211
111,139
115,916
125,275
132,430
155,497
183,170
353,428
386,267
522,294

10 V otes. 50
I 20 30 40 I

127 I

SCALE:
Hank

4 .3 1 8
6 .318
8 ,7 3 5
1 3,552
12 ,1 7 3
17 ,7 6 3
18,647
26,881
13,044
2 6 ,8 7 6
3 4 ,7 0 5
2 9,997
3 3 ,6 5 8
3 3 ,2 4 9
3 8 ,3 5 3
4 0 ,0 2 0
4 0 ,6 2 6
3 9,744
4 1 ,6 0 9
4 1 ,8 4 2
4 4 ,3 0 5
5 3 ,8 0 6
5 7 ,0 1 8
4 4 ,5 6 9
7 3 ,8 5 8
8 0 ,5 9 7
9 5 ,3 4 0
1 69,220
1 98,568
26 2 ,0 8 3

1

Dem.

10*20*30% 40# 50#

Ratio of Predominant
to Total Vote,
by States.

k

49.7
49.8
50.1
50 .3
50.4
50.4
50 .5
50 .6
50 .8

IO W A .

5 1 .3

51 .3
5 1 .7

52 .0
|UNORGAN-|
I I2E D '

53 .2

TENN.

55.7
56.1
56.7

U n d e r 55% o f a ll

6 0 .0

5 5 % a n d u n d e r 60.%.
62.1
64.1

Tex. . .

Summary

V o te b y L e g is la tu r e .

Dectoral Vote,
C andidate

Votea

H a l e ...............................

1 5 6 ,1 4 9

C a rrie d n o S ta te .
W in fie ld S c o t t ..
F r a n k lin P ie rc e

P i e r c e ...........................

D e m o c ra tic

Ratio of Predominant
to Total Vote,
’
by States,

SCALE:

10*20%30* 40* 50*

SCALE:
6 ,3 5 8
8 ,0 0 4
6 ,6 8 0
21 ,9 1 0
22,164
T ex. .
V t,...
M is s ..

N.H._
A la ...
C onn.

N.C.
M d. .
Io w a
G a ...

N.J._
M o . ..
M e. .

Cal..
W is .
M ic h .
T enn.
K y.
V a. .
M ass.
In d . .

111.

...

O h io

P a ....
N .Y .

35 ,4 4 6
32 ,7 8 9
46 ,7 3 9
34,995
48 ,2 4 6
39,115
36 ,1 7 0
56,578
46 ,9 4 3
58,164
39 ,0 8 0
53 ,3 6 5
52 ,8 4 3
52 ,1 3 6
73,638
7 4,642
8 9 ,7 0 6
3 9 .2 4 0
1 18,670
105.348
170,874
21 0 ,7 1 0
195,878

lpO.OOO V otes.

4,833
6,175
1.675
10,787
20,709
15,639
545
24,195
422
28,552
2,615

K y. .
T enn.
C onn.
N .H .
D e l...
M o. .
M d ...
W is .
86,856

43,954

IOWA

KANS.

N.C.
F la . .
M ic h .

G a ...

142,372

28,126
82,175
124.604

167,056
235,431
238,9«1
386.497
460,395
596.489

R .I. .
V a ...
M is s .
M e. .
A la . .
M ass.
T ex.
A rk ..
V t...

Summary

t e n n

F i l l m o r e ......................

,

5 5 % a n d u n d e r 60.%

Electoral Vote,
100.000 V otes.

Candidate

3
4

7_
___
_
V o te b y L e g is la tu re .

Electoral Vote,

F la ..
D e l..
R .I .,
T e x ..
A r k ..
[Io w a
L a. .
A la . .
V t. ..
M is s ..
G a. .
|N . H .
W is .
C onn.
IM o . . .
M d. .
C a l..
N .C . .
M e. .
M ic h .

2

5

C andidate

30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
II
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
i

2

T

K y.
R .I..
F l a . ..
T ex.

Votes

V a n B u r e n ................
C a s s .................................
T a y lo r—

l

N.C.

Summary
C an d id ate

1

3

N .H .

Candidate

Vote*

8 74,534

C arried M a r y l a n d o n l y .

Party

M i l l a r d F i l l m o r e ............. A m e r i c a n . .
J o h n C . F r e m o n t ___ __ R e p u b l i c a n
J a m e s B u c h a n a n ............ D e m o c r a t i c

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

Vote*
8

10 V otes.
I 20 30 40

V o te by Le g isla tu re

POLITICAL HISTORY

P late 9

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS. —Continued.

(Based on Tables in the “ American Almanac
and Treasury of Facts.” )

Ratio of Predominant

LINCOLN-1860.
Ratio by States.
Rank

Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States.
R ank

S tate

L incoln

D ouglas

5 ,2 7 0

Oreg.
F la - .
D e l.—
R .I—
M in n ..
V t. . .
L a ____
A rk . ..
T e x—
N . H . ..
M is s ...
Conn .
A la ----M d. ...
N .C—
M e___
Ga. . ..
C a L ...
N .J —
Iow a ..
T e n n ..

3,951
367
1 ,0 2 3
7 ,7 0 7
1 1 ,9 2 0
6 ,8 4 9
7 ,6 2 5
5 ,2 2 7

3 ,8 1 5
1 2 ,2 4 4
2 2 ,0 6 9
3 3 ,8 0 8

25,881
3,283
15,522
13.651
5,966
2 ,2 9 4
2,701
26,693
J1,590
38,516
3 9 ,1 7 3
5 8 ,3 2 4
62,801
55,111
7 0 ,4 0 9
11,350
1 ,3 6 4
25.651
65,021
86,110
65,057
8 8 ,4 8 0
58,801
1 7 ,0 2 8
1 ,9 2 9
16,290
34,372
1 0 6 ,5 3 3
1 3 9 ,0 3 3 115.509
160,215
1 7 2 ,1 6 1
2 2 1 ,6 1 0 187,232
2 6 8 ,0 3 0
16,765
3 6 2 ,6 4 6 312.510
3 7 ,5 1 9
4 3 ,6 9 2

fSt;:.
M ich.

Mo. . . .
V a -..
Mass. .
In d . . .
I l l ........
O hio ..
Pa. . . .
N .Y . . .

B reck in rid g e

T o tal

3 ,0 0 6
8 ,5 4 3
7 ,3 4 7

183
5 ,4 3 7
3 ,8 6 4

748
1 ,9 6 9
2 2 ,6 8 1
2 8 ,7 3 2
4 7 ,5 4 8
2 ,1 1 2
4 0 ,7 9 7
1 4 ,6 4 1
4 8 ,8 3 1
4 2 ,4 8 2
4 8 ,3 3 9
6 ,3 6 8
5 1 ,8 8 9
3 4 ,3 3 4

62
218
2 0 ,2 0 4
2 0 ,0 9 4
1 5 ,4 3 8
441
2 5 ,0 4 0
3 ,2 9 1
2 7 ,8 2 5
4 1 ,7 6 0
4 4 ,9 9 0
2 ,0 4 6
4 2 ,8 8 6
6 ,8 1 7

1 ,0 4 8
6 4 ,7 0 9
5 3 ,1 4 3
888
805

1 ,7 6 3
6 9 .2 7 4
6 6 .0 5 8
161
405
5 8 ,3 7 2
7 4 ,6 8 1
2 2 ,3 3 1
5 ,3 0 6
3 ,9 1 3
1 2 ,1 9 4
1 2 ,7 7 6

31,317
7 4 ,3 2 3
5 ,9 3 9
1 2 ,2 9 5
2 ,4 0 4
1 1 ,4 0 5
1 7 8 ,8 7 1

SCALE:

1 2 ,4 1 0
1 4 ,3 4 7
1 6 ,0 4 9
1 9 ,9 5 1
3 4 ,7 9 9
4 2 ,8 4 4
5 0 ,5 1 0
5 4 ,0 5 3
6 2 ,9 8 6
6 5 ,9 5 3
6 9 ,1 2 0
7 7 ,1 4 6
9 0 ,3 0 7
9 2 ,5 0 2
9 6 ,0 3 0
9 7 ,9 1 8
1 0 6 ,3 6 5
1 1 8 ,8 4 0
1 2 1 ,1 2 5
1 2 8 ,3 3 1
1 4 5 ,3 3 3
1 4 6 ,2 1 6
1 5 2 ,1 8 0
1 5 4 ,7 4 7
1 6 5 ,5 1 8
1 6 7 ,2 2 3
1 6 9 ,1 7 5
2 7 2 ,1 4 3
338 693
4 4 2 .4 4 1
4 7 6 .4 4 2
6 7 5 ,1 5 6

100,000 V o te s .

32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

State

Cal...................
32.9
M o...................
35.5
Oreg. ..........
42.4
Va.......
44.6
La____
44.9
K y. . . ’ 45.1
D el—
* 4 5 .7 "
M d. ...
45.9
Tenn.
47.6
Ga....................
48.7
N.C..................
50.3
I l l .....................
In d ..
51.0
N .J. . .
51.8
O hio ..
52.3
A rk —
53.1
N .Y .
53.7
A la .. .
54.0
Iowa ..
Pa.......
W is. .
............. 56.5
Conn. ..........
N .H
M ich. . ! ..........
Miss.................
59.0
F la ...................
59.5
R .I..............
61.3
Mass................
M inn. . —
M e...................
64 1
T e x ..................
75.4
V t. . . . . . . .
............... 78.9

......

100,000 V o te s ,

C andidate

I

1

|
[
1

300,000
400,000

C andidate

5 0 0 ,0 0 0
700,000

1,0 0 0
0 ,0 0

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

P a rry

Stephen A. Douglas .. In d . Dem. .

600,000

V otes

1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

J . C. B re c k in rid g e .. .. D em ocratic
A b rah am L in c o ln ....... R epublican

Votes

10 V otes.

200

50

12
39
72
180

2 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

li i| ■ n
il

5 8 9 ,5 8 1

D ouglas.................
L in c o ln ..................

1

200,000

Summary.
B e ll........................

Const. U Breck. Dem Doug. Dem R
.
. ep.

1 ,3 7 5 ,1 5 7
1 , 8 6 6 ,3 5 2

Ratio by States.
SCALE:
Rank

S ta te

25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15

N .Y - .
Pa.......
D e l. . .
N . H . ..
N .J ----Ind.
Oreg. .
111.

D em .

10*20 *30 *4 0*50*

51.8
52.8

...

M ic h . .
M d ___

14

13
12 M e. ..
11 Cal. ..
10
9
8 R . I .. . .
7
6 W . Va.
5 Mo. . ..
4 K y. ...
3 Mass. .
2 V t. . ..

Analysis of the Popular Vote,
by States.
Rank

S tate

L incoln

M cClellan

T o tal

25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2

Nev. ..
D e l- . .
O reg ...
Kans. .
R .I.. ..
W .V a.
M inn. .

9 ,8 2 6
8 ,1 5 5
9 ,8 8 8
1 6 ,4 4 1
1 3 ,6 9 2
2 3 ,1 5 2
2 5 ,0 6 0
4 2 ,4 1 9
3 6 ,4 0 0
4 0 ,1 5 3
4 4 ,6 9 1
2 7 ,7 8 6
7 2 ,7 5 0
6 2 ,1 3 4
6 1 ,8 0 3
6 0 ,7 2 3
8 9 ,0 7 5
8 3 ,4 5 8
9 1 ,5 2 1
1 2 6 ,7 4 2
1 5 0 ,4 2 2
1 8 9 ,4 9 6
2 6 5 ,1 5 4
2 9 6 ,3 9 1
3 6 8 .7 3 5

6 ,5 9 4
8 ,7 6 7
8 ,4 5 7
3 ,6 9 1
8 ,4 7 0
1 0 ,4 3 8
1 7 ,3 7 5
1 3 ,3 2 1
3 2 ,8 7 1
3 2 ,7 3 9
4 2 ,2 8 5
6 4 ,3 0 1
3 1 .6 7 8
4 3 ,8 4 1
4 4 ,2 1 1
6 8 ,0 2 4
4 9 ,5 9 6
6 5 ,8 8 4
7 4 ,6 0 4
4 8 ,7 4 5
1 3 0 ,2 3 3
1 5 8 ,7 3 0
2 0 5 ,5 6 8
2 7 6 ,3 1 6
3 6 1 ,9 8 6

1 6 ,4 2 0
1 6 ,9 2 2
1 8 ,3 4 5
2 0 ,1 3 2
2 2 ,1 6 2
3 3 ,5 9 0
4 2 ,4 3 5
5 5 ,7 4 0
6 9 ,2 7 1
7 2 ,8 9 2
8 6 ,9 7 6
9 2 ,0 8 7

V t ............

N .H . ..
M d----Conn. .
Ky. . ..
M o.. ..
Cal----M e ----N . J ------

Iowa ..
W is. . .
M ich. .
Mass. .
In d . . .
I l l ........
O hio ..
Pa____
J N .Y —

100,000 V otes.

M cC lellan........

..

3

300,000
l

400,000

i

j

1

5

5

6

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

6

600,000
700,000

C andidate

|

P a r ty

V otes

George B. M c C le lla n .. D em ocratic 21
81
V a c a n t..................................................
A b rah am L in c o ln ....... R epublican
212

800,000

10 V o te s .
50
1 20 30 40

IOO
1

1

1

1I1
r"TTri

150
1

200
1

- r -

5 7 2 ,7 0 7

100,000 V o te s .
|

1

69.8

200,000

Summary.
Candidate

1

3

SCALE:

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

Vote.

1,0 0 0
0 ,0 0

1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

1 ,8 0 8 .7 2 5

1

i

1

I I

2 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0

1

1
1

GRANT-1868.

Ratio of Predominant

Ratio by States.
SCALE:

Analysis of the Popular Vote,
by States.
Rank
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Grant

S tate

S ey m o u r

Nev. ..
Nebr. .
D e l- . .
R .I .. . .
Oreg. .
A rk . . .
Kans. .
W .V a.
V t .......
N .H — .
M inn. .
T e n n ..
M d ----Conn. .
S.C — .
C a l- . .
M e - ..
La. —
A la ----M o— ..
K y ------

6,480
5,218
9,729
5,439
7,623 10,980
12,993
6,548
10,961 11,125
22,112 19,078
31,048 13,990
29,175 20,306
44,167 12,045
38,191 31,244
43,545 28,075
56,628 26,129
30,438 62,357
50,995 47,952
62,301 45,237
54,583 54,077
70,493 42,460
33,263 80,225
76,366 72,088
86,860 65,628
39,566 115,890

N .J — .
N .C -..
V\ is. . .
Iowa ..
Mass. .
M ich. .
In d . . .
I l l ........
O hio ..

83,001
84,601
84,707
74,040
59,408
97,069
166,980
199,143
238,606
313,382
429,883

80,131
96,769
108 857
120,399
136,477
128,550
176,548
250,303
280,223
342,280
N .Y . .. 419,883

KEY

SCALE:

T o ta l

11,698
15,168
18,603
19,541
22,086
41,190
45,038
49,481
56,212
69,415
71,620
82,757
92,795
98,947
107,538
108,660
112,953
113,488
148,454

U .S .G . I I .S .

100,000 V otes.

G r a n t ........

..................

Votes

2

3

4

T
p a 61

400,000

155,456
163,132
181,370
193,564
194,439
195,885
225,619
343,528
449,446
518,829

C andidate

5 0 0 ,0 0 0
600,000

700,000

|

L ■

P « 't y

1..................... 2 3
V a c a n t....................
H o ra tio S e ym ou r... ..D e m o c ra tic 8 0
Ulysses S. G ra n t ..
214

800,000
900,000

849,766

Summary.
C andidate

■ 1

3

200,000

1

3

.

100,000 V otes.

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

1 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
,

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

2 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

2 ,7 0 9 ,6 1 3
3 ,0 1 5 ,0 7 1

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

POLITICAL

HISTORY

P late 1 0

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS. —Continued.

(Based on Tables in the “ American Almanac
and Treasury of Facts.” )

Ratio by States.
Hank

Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States.
SCALE:
S ta te

Grant

Greeley

Nev. .
E X Oreg.
D e l...
Nebr.
F la .. .
V t. . ..
W .V a.
N . H . ..
A r k .. .
M in n ..
M e. ...
S .C .--.
C a l....
C o n n ..
Kans. .
T e x ....
L a . .. . .
M iss...
M d .. ..
Ga. ..
N .C .. .
N . J . .. .
A la . ..
T e n n ..
V a .......
K y. . . .
W is. ..
Mass. .
Iow a ..
M ich. .
M o. . .
In d ----111
O hio ..
Pa........
N .Y .. .

R ank

8,413
13,665
11,819
11,115
18,329
17,763
41,481
32,315
37,168
41,373
55,117
61,422
72,290
54,020
50,638
67,048
47,406
71,663
82,175
66,760
62,550
94,769
91,656
90,272
85,655
93,468
88,766
101,997
133,472
131.566
138,455
119,196
186.147
241,944
281,852
349,589
440,736

6,236
5,329
7,730
10,206
7,812
15,427
10.927
29.451
31.424
37.927
34,423
29,087
22,703
40,718
45,880
32,970
66,500
57,029
47,288
67,687
76,356
70,094
76,456
79,444
94,391
91,654
99,995
86,477
59,260
71,196
78,355
151,434
163,632
184,938
244,321
212,041
387,281

....

Total

100,000 V otes.

14,649
18,994

572
487

20,121

593
600

100

187
1,068
204
596
2,499
908
4,000

42
2,374
834
2,221

1,271

2,861
2,429
1,417
3,058
1,163

2,100

1,454

201

1,630

21,808
26,141
33,190
53,001
62,366
68,892
79,300
89,540
90,509
95,180
95,806
96,928
100,614
116,405
128,692
129,463
134,466
142,906
164,863
168,742
169,716
180,046
185,164
191,135
192,308
192,732
204,983
220,942
273,059
351,196
429,940
529,436
563,260
829,672

200.000

100,000 V otes.

Vote*

B la c k .....................
5,608
O’C o nor................
29,408
G re e le y ................ 2,834,079
G ra n t..................... 3,597,070

D em .-L ib.-R ep.

50.3

52.3
52.4

53.4

55.4

57.1

9
8

7
Me.

6

5

..

Nebr. .
R .I. ..
2 S.C. .
1 V t ______

4
3

D a vid D avis.................. Indopen d’t-

400,000
5 0 0 ,0 0 0

B. G ratz B row n........... L ib .-R e p —Thom as A. H e ndricks. Dem ocratic
Ulysses S. G r a n t......... Republican

,

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

10 0 0 ,0 0 0

1 .5 0 0 ,0 0 0

2 ,000,00 0

10 V otes. 50
20 30 40

Vote*

Party

Candidate

300,000

Summary.
Candidate

S tate

37
36 M d ... .
V a .......
D e l___
33 W . Va.
32 Conn. .
31 K y . . ..
30 Tenn. .
Ind. .
N .Y .
27
26
25 Ga.......
24 Fla___
23 N .H . ..
22 N . J . . .
21 W is ....
20 M o___
19 L a . . ..
1 8 III. . ..
17 Cal.
16 Tex. ..
15 N . C . . .
14 N e v ....
13 Oreg. .
12 M in n . .
11 Pa. . ..
10

1
2
17
18
42

200

250

— [ Ga[ 3 f( r G reeley; X rk 1 6, and La. 8
I—1 Ga. fo
.

2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

3 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

[ C arried ino S tate.

I

r
Ratio of Predominant

HAYES-1876

/

m

AKU.

\

T

—

j

1
L

Electoral Vote,
Candidate

V ot»

P arty

10 V otes. 5 0
I 20 30 40 I

IO
O

200

Sam uel J . T ild e n ........ D em ocratic
R u th e rfo rd B. Hayes . R epublican

Summary.
1*)0,000 V otes,

Candidate

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

1.0 0 0 ,0 0 0

1 .5 0 0 ,0 0 0

Vote*

2.H36
9,522
Cooper...................
81,740
4,033,950
T ild e n .................... 4,284,885

2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

2 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

3 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

3 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

4 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

ijc a r r iid no S tate.

i

r

i

GARFIELD-1880

r

Ratio of Predominant

Ratio by States.
S tate

Hank

Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States.
Rank

State

] Garfield

8,732
18,195
14,150
20,619
23,654

Nev. - -

R.I. —

D e l... .
Oreg. .
Fla. . . .
C o lo ...
V t ____
N .H . ..
Nebr. .
L a ____
A rk ---W . Va.
M is s ...
Conn. .
Me. . .
M in n . .
Ala. . .
Ga.......
C a l. .. .
S.
M d. . . .
K a n s ..
Va . .. .
N .C .-.T e x—
Tenn. .
N . J ....
K y .......
W is. ..
Mass. .
Iow a ..
M ich . .
Mo. . . .
In d ....
I l l ........
O hio ..
Pa-----N .Y . ..

2 7 ,4 5 0

45,090
44,852
54,979
37,994
41,661
46,243
3 4 ,8 5 4

67,073
74,039
93,903
56,178
52,648
80,348
58,071
C.
78,515
121,520
84,020
115,878
57,845
107,677
120,555
104,550
144,397
165,205
183,904
185,190
153,567
232,164
318,037
375,048
444,704
555.544

30

236
" 249

2 7 ,9 6 4

24,647
18,181
40,794
28,523
65,310
60,489
57,391
75,750
64,417
65,171
53,315
90,687
102,522
80,426
. 112,312
.
93,706
59,789
127,976
124,204
156,228
128,191
122,565
147,999
114,634
111,960
105,845
131,300
208,609
225,528
277,321
340,821
407,428.
534.511

1,435
1,212
528
3,853
439
4.079
9.079
5,797

110

189

88
6

4,408
3,267
4,642
481
3,392
566
818
19,710
139
1,136
27,405
5,916
2,617
11,498
7,980
4,548
32,327
34,795
35,045
12,986
26,358
6,456
20,668

12,373

677
412
235

43
191
257
161
799
630
1,156
596
2,642
1,983
2,177

18,343
29,235
29,333
40,816
51,618
53,532
64,593
86,363
87,355
97,201
106,229
112,713
117,078
132.770
143,853
150.771
151,507
155,651
164,166
170,956
173,039
201,019
212,135
241,218
241,478
241,827
245,928
264,304
267,172
2*2,512
322,706
352,441
397,221
470,678
622,312
724,967
874,783
,104,605

100,000 Votes.

111.

29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22

Total

9,611
10,779
15,183
19,948

D em .

38 Cal. .. .
3 7 In d ___
36 N .J ----35 N .Y . ..
34 O reg. .
33 Conn. .
Pa. ..
31 W . Va.
Colo. ..
N .C ....

21

20
19
18
17
16

4

M r...

50.9
51.4

.

O hio ..
D e l... .
N .H . ..
Mo. . ..
Nev. . .
M ich. .
Tenn. .
W is. ..
M d. . ..
Fla. . . .
K y .......

S .C . . .

3 Ga.......
2 L a -----1 V t. . . .

.300,000

49.8

..

14 A rk . . .
13 Mass. .
12 A la. . .
11 V a .......
JO Kans. .
9 R .I. . . .
8
7 Nebr. .
6 T e x ....
5 M is s ...

200,000

48.9

Rep.

49.3
50.2
50.5
50.5
51.1
51.2
51.4
51.7

51.7

51.9
52.2 ___
52.3
52.5
53.0
54.0
54.1
54.1
55.9
56.9
56.9
58.4
59.8
60.3
60.4
62.2
64.6
64.7
65.6
65.8
67.1

62.9

Electoral Vote,

69.8

400,000

Candidate

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

p.n,

Vote*

200

10 V otes. 50
I 20 30 40 I

W in fie ld S. H a n co ck.. D em ocratic
Jam es A . G arfie ld . . . Republican

1,0 0 0
0 ,0 0

Summary,
C andidate

V o te.

S c a tte rin g ............
W e a ve r.................

1 2 ,5 7 6
3 0 7 ,3 0 6

G a rfie ld .................

100,000 V otes.

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

1,0 0 0
0 ,0 0

1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

4 ,4 4 9 ,0 5 3

( C arried no S ta le .

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

3 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

3 5 0 0 ,0 0 0

4 , 0 0 0 .0 0 0

3 0 0

P O L I T I C A IJ H I S T O R Y

P la t e 11

Rank
88
37
36
So
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

State

Dem.

C al.. .. 48.9
In d .. ..
N .J. . . . 49.8
N .Y ....
Oreg. ..1
C o n n ...1
P a .........
jW .V a. _ 50.9
111..........
C o lo .. .
N .C .__ 51.4
Me. . . .
O h io ...
Del___ 51.7
N .H ---Mo........ 52.2
N e v .... 52.3
M ich ...
T e n n ... 53.0
W is___
Md........ 54.1
F la .. . . 54.1
K y........ 55.9
Io w a ..
A rk___ 56.9
M a ss...
A la___ 59.8
V a........ 60.3
K a n s...
R .I........
M inn...
N e b r...
T ex ___ 64.6
Miss. .. 64.7
S.C .. .. 65.6
Ga........ 65.8
L a........ 67.1
V t......... ..........

P la te 11

Rep.
49.3
..........
50.2
50.5
50.5
50.8
51.1
51.2
51.4
51.7
51.9
52.5
54.0

56.9
58.4
60.4
62.2
62.2
62.9

69.8

Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States, 1880,
Rank
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
11
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

State

Garfield Hancock Weaver Scattering:

R .I.......
D el.. ..
C o lo ...
v t .........
N .H ..-.
N e b r...
La.........
A rk___
W .V a..
Miss.. .
C o n n ...
Me........
M inn...
A la.. ..
Ga. —
C al.. ..
S.C----Md. . . .
K an s...
Va........
N .C ...
T ex . ..
T e n n ...
N .J .. ..

fet:::
Mass...
Io w a. .
M ich...
Mo........
In d .. ..
Ill.........
O h io .. .
F a........
N. Y___

8,732
18,195
14,150
20,619
23,654
27,450
45,090
44,852
54,979
37,994
41,661
46,243
34,854
67,073
74,039
93,903
56,178
52,648
80,348
58,071
78,515
121,520
84,020
115,878
57,845
107,677
120,555
104,550
144,397
165,205
183,904
185,190
153,567
232.164
318,037
375,048
444,704
555,544

9,611
10,779
15,183
19,948
27,964
24,647
18,181
40,794
28,523
65,310
60,489
57,391
75,750
64,417
65,171
53,315
90,687
102,522
80,426
112,312
93,706
59,789
127,976
124,204
156,228
128,191
122,565
147,993
114,634
111,960
105,845
131,300
208,609
225,528
277,321
340,821
407,428
534,511

236

25

249
1,435
1,212
528
3,853
439
4,079
9,079
5,797i
868
4,408
3,267
4,642
481
3,392
566
818
19,710
139
1,136
27,405
5,916
2,617
11,498
7,980
4,548
32,327
34,795
85,045
12,986
26,358
6,456
20,668
12,373

110
189

677
412
235
286

43
191
257
161
799
630
1,156
596
2,642
1,983
2,177

Summary of the Presidential Vote, 1880,
Candidate
S c a tte rin g .....................
W e a v e r..........................

Vote*
12,576
307,306

G arfield.......................... 4,449,053
1 ___
123

121

50,000 V otes.

4 ,500 ,0 00

POLITICAL

22

HISTORY

23

r
/
S U P P L E M E N T A R Y C O U N T Y IN D E X .
T h e le tte r s a, b , c, e tc ., d e s ig n a te c o u n tie s o r g a n ­
ized b e tw e e n 1880 a n d 1884. T h e b o u n d a rie s o f n e w
3 0 u n tie s a r e in d ic a te d b y a b ro k e n e o lo r lin e . T h e
lu m b e rs d e s ig n a te c o u n tie s w h o se n a m e s w e re
v ih an g ed ; th e s a m e n u m b e rs s ta n d in g f o r d iffe re n t
n a m e s, in th e In d e x to C ounties, o n p a g e s 45 t o 52.
A R IZ O N A .

iip fa i—

MISSOURI.
W eb ster........................25

C oehise........................... c
G ila .................................a
G raham .......................... b

F ;B R ' H tfo •
T f°2« O T
8M T .;jio :

ARKANSAS.

C leb u rn e........................a
Cleveland ................... 51)

^ ^ p t V I L S LAKE

COLORADO.

BOISE FORTE i

i IV 0•
;

\

W H IT E R

EARTH
2 ,5 9 0

NEBRASKA.
B row n.............................b
C h e rry ............................ a
G arfield...........................d
L o u p ................................c
NEW MEXICO.
S ierra...............................a

D e lt......................
e
D olores........................... h
E ag le...............................b
G arfield.......................... a
M esa................................c
M o n tro se ....................... f
P itk in ..............................d
San M iguel....................g

— V
12

jll

MONTANA.
Silver B ow ..
........... a
Y e llo w sto n e................. b

vm m m

2
D A K .* i

vrrirY

NORTH CAROLINA.
D u rh a m ......................... b
V a n c e ........... ................. a

D AKOTA.

OREGON.
B e n so n ...........................b
B utte................................ 1 j Crook. ........................... a
K lam ath ......................... b
D ickey.............................i
Fall R iv er.....................78
SOUTH CAROLINA.
G rig g s............................. f
B erkeley......................... a
. J e r a u ld ......................... m
M cL ean......................... .e
TENN ESSEE.
M cIntosh....................... h
P ic k e tt........................... a
N elson............................ d
R o b erts.......................... k
UTAH.
S a n b o rn .................
Garfield........................... a
S arg en t..................
VIRGINIA.
S teele..............................g
T ow ner........................... a
D ick en so n ......................a
W alsh ............................. c
WASHINGTON.
W ells............................. 17
A dam s.............................e
ID AH O .
A sotin ........................... h
D ouglas......................... c
B in g h a m ....................... b
F ra n k lin ......................... f
C uster..............................a
G arfield...........................g
KANSAS.
K ittita s ........................... b
L in co ln ...........................d
F in n ey ............................ a
S k a g it............................. a
K E N TU C KY.
W ISCONSIN.
K n o tt.............................. a
F lo ren ce........................jf.
L a n g la d e ....................... d
M IC H IG A N .
S a w y e r........................... b
A renac............................ a
W a sh b u rn ......................a
M IN N ESO TA.
WYOMING.
H u b b ard .........................b
F rem o n t......................... a
N o rm a n ......................... a
J o h n s o n ......................... 1

^

70 969 71

-13

N .E B R '

*7~

9
-K N .
A50_J'S

5 5
6 7

\:\ti

I

7 (Yr
8

'F

5* 10* 15* 20*25*302 35* 40* 45* 5 0 *

M ich ...
47.51
N. Y . .. 48.07
48.36
N. J . .. 48.85
C o n n ... 43.94
Ind .
49.51
Illinois.
50.14
W is ....
50.37
W. V a .. 50.93
O h io ...
50.97
50.98
51.05
IN. H ...
51.14
Tenn. . . 51.36
M d....... 52.07
Io w a ...
P e n n ...
Florida.
N. C . ..
M o.......
Col.. ..
M ain e..
Ky. ...
N ev_
_
Del . . . .
L a .......
N e h . ...
A rk .
R. I

. UNORGANIZED
■ err.
t

TTT'I----f --- -3
KEY
REP.

55.43

C a l ....23 N e b ... 11
C o l....11 N e v ...14
Conn. .34lN. II .26
Del ...1 3 N. J . 35
Fla ...2 0 N. Y . .37
G a _ 4 N. C . .19
_
111....... 32 O h io . .29
In d .. .34 Ore .. .28
Iow a. .22 Penn. .21
K an ... 8 It. I . .. 9
Ky ...1 5 S .C ... 1
La . . . . 12 Ten n .. 25
M aine.16 T exas. 2
M d— 24 V t . . . . 3
M ass. .36 Va. . 27
M ich ..38 W .Va. 30
M inn..
W is.. .31

54.39
55.37
56.20
57.28
58.07
58.08
58.77

70*

cz3T
'"-"a

;- J r T A P A Go

: / e>0 . /:
00
m

1,198
2fi|..............|
13,i53
10,
19,030
412;
!
26,860 • 726,
1
39,514
785, 1,1
28,031 .............
36.166
1,981
’
43,250 * 552 1,1
21,733 ........................
46,347
120
338
4 3,509 .........................
50,806
1,847.. ..
71,716
3,994 2,143
61,096
805
939
76,903
2,899
65,893
1.684 2,489
47,692
135
168
59,144
762
610
85,748
578, 2.827
111,685
3,583 4,084
102,416
2.017 . 2,920
124.090
957 1,151
123,366
3,456 6,153
154,406
16,341 4,954
125,068
454
118,122
1,693 3,139
139,356
138
146,724 24,382 9,925
161,157
4,598 7,656
93,141
3,321 3,534
197.089 ..............
1,472
192.069
753 18,403
202.929
2,153
238,480
8.293 3,028
337,411
10,849 12,0 >
5
400,082
5,170 11,269
473,804
17,002 15,737
562,001
17,002 25,001

12.79

„

70#

V V
.-

'.I.
.131

'['!'•
. I: :
Y

Cleveland Blaine, i Butler. | St. John.) Total.

„

4
:

Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States, 1884.
5,MS
16.976
13,391
24,601
17,331
31,769
27,603
39,187
69,845
62,529
76,510
72,927
61,656
67,317
54,291
67,167
94,653
92,973
90,866
70.065
89,288
133,270
127,778
90,132
142.952
152,961
145,497
122,352
146,459
225,309
177,316
189,361
235,988
244,992
312,584
868,286
392,785
563,048

IMP

U nder 50# of Total Vote..............

'■ W W;
mv

T e x a s.. 69.25
'S .C . . 76.26

Nov ..
Del. ..
It. I __
Oregon.
Vt. .
Florida.
Col. ..
N . I I ..
S. C ....
La .. ..
M is s ...
A r k . .. .
M aine..
W .V a ..
N e b ..
C o n n ...
( J a ......
Ala.
M d ......
M inn..
C a l....
T e n n ...
N . J . ..
Kan. .
N. C ...
K y ......
V a ......
M ass..
W is . ..
T e x a s..
Io w a ...
M ic h ...
M o......
In d ......
Illinois.
O h io ...
P a ......
N Y ...

o

60#

pc
Mm

:

38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

1

50# and under 60# of Total Vote-

A la . . . 0 M is s .. '5
A r k . . .101 M o ___ 1'8

60.57
63.75
G a ....... 65.94

Elank State.

i

No Vote Reported...........................

56.39
57.19
58.07

DEM.

IN D E X .

52.43
52.68
53.06
53.24
53.50

rt

C
O

38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

37
53 .,

scale:

Rep.

—

M I66..

j

Dem.

23

16

30

Ratio of Predominant to Total Vote,
by States, 1884,
Rank States.

H-j

n

j 4
3

&

. VNDREAl

09 |603f461 '

CROW] CREEK

100

<ry.

: IN D EX.
scale:

A la ... .21 Miss . 28
A r k .. .27 M o ... 6
C a l... .18 ,N eb.. 24

50,000 V otes.

100,000

150,000

200,000

^

v

C ol... .32 N e v . . 38
Conn. .23 N. H . 31
D el... .37 N. J .. 16
F la . .. .33 N. Y. 1
Ga ... .22 N. C.. 14
111. .. 4 O h io . 3
Ind.. . 5 Ore .. 35
Iowa. . 8 Pa ... 2
K a n . . .15 R. I .. 36
K y ... .13 iS. C .. 30
La ... .29 Tenn. 17
Maine .26 Texas 9
M d ... .20 V t ... 34
Mass. .11 V a ... 12
M ich. . 7 W .V a .25
Minn .19 W is .. .10

:

'

5

A

n
1

0

I

_S
9

II

Mormon Vote -----

ue
s

Tie Vote.....................

\
V

j

Electoral Vote, 1884.

2 5 0 ,0 0 0

Candidate

800,000

25 V otes.
Party

Jam es G. B la in e ...............1 epublican..
R
Grover C leveland............. D em ocrat. ..

350,000

50

lO
O

75

Vote.
182
219

125

j

200

L

\

m m a

j

I

I
a. The shadings o f co u n tie s In th e T e rri­
to ries, a re b a se d u p o n th e v o te fo r r e p r e ­
s en ta tiv e s to C ongress.

M

400,000

A ftIZ ,

450,000
5 0 0 ,0 0 0
7 5 0 ,0 0 0

1,0 0 0
0 ,0 0

ScatteringV ote—N .H .,6; N eb.,47; Ga..895; N .J 784W is.,72; T e x .,12; M ich.,4,284: N.Y.,4,260. 7Wa2,10,360

Summary of the Presidential Vote, 1884,
Candidate

S c a tte rin g .............
Benj. F. B u tle r...
-John P. St. John
Jam es G. B lain e..
Grover Cleveland.

Vote*

50,000 V otes.

2 5 0 ,0 0 0

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

7 5 0 ,0 0 0

1 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
,

1 ,2 5 0 ,0 0 0

1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

1 ,7 5 0,00 0

2 .00 0,00 0

2 ,2 5 0 ,0 0 0

10,360
133,824
151,830
4,849,680
4.912,696

2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

2 ,7 5 0 ,0 0 0

3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

3 ,2 5 0 ,0 0 0

3 .5 0 0 ,0 0 0

3 ,7 5 0 ,0 0 0

4 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0

4 ,2 5 0 ,0 0 0

i

I
COPYRIGHT, 1888, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS.

/

4 ,5 0 0 .0 0 0

POLITICAL HISTORY

24

25

SUP P LEM EN TA R Y C O U N TY INDEX.
The letters a , ft, c, etc., designate counties organ­
ized between 1880 and 1888. T he num bers designate
counties whose names were changed : the same num ­
bers standing for different names, in th e In d e x to
Counties, on pages 45 to 52.

LOUISIANA

ARIZONA.

N. CAROLINA.

D urham ............ ft
Cochise............. c Acadia..............
V ance................ a
G ila.............
KANSAS.
G raham ............. ft
OREGON.
F in n ey ............. 58
ARKANSAS. Garfield............59 C rook..................d
G illiam .............. .a
Cleburne............ G ray . . . .
K lam ath..............e
Cleveland..........59 Haskell.
K iaw a...,
M alheur............. . /
COLORADO. L ogan...
M orrow ...............ft
W allowa............. c
A rchulette.. .. k Morton..
D elta................... g
KENTUCKY.
S. CAROLINA.
Dolores...............J
E agle...................d Carlisle............... B erkeley.............a
Garfield................c K n o tt..................
TENNESSEE.
L ogan................. a
MICHIGAN. P ic k e tt............. a
Mesa.....................e
Montrose............ h A lger....................c
P itk in .................. / A renac................. e
TEXAS.
San Miguel.......... i Gogebic.. .........a Brew ster............J"
W ashington....... ft Iro n ......................ft G reer................... a
L uce.................... d Jeff D avis.......... e
DAKOTA.
M idland...............c
B enson................ c MINNESOTA. M ills....................d
B u tte ...................p H ubbard............. ft Reeves.................ft
D ickey..................I N orm an.............. a Val V erde.......... g
E d d y ..........
UTAH.
Fall R iver......... 78 MISSISSIPPI.
G riggs................. g
Garfield...............a
W ebster............ 25
Jerau ld ................q
VIRGINIA.
M arshall............. w
MONTANA. D ickenson......... a
M cLean............... i
M cIntosh............k Cascade............
WASHINGTON.
N elson.................t Fergus...........
A dam s................. /
O liver................. J P a rk .................
A ssotin................ i
Pierce................ 10 Silver Bow.......
Roberts......
Yellowstone. ...e D ouglass............ d
F ra n k lin .............a
Sanborn_
_
S a rg e n t...,.
NEBRASKA. Garfield.............. h
K ittitass..............c
Steele..................h
Tow ner............... a Blaine...................i L incoln................e
.ft
W alsh ................. d Box B utte............e O kanogan...
W ard................... ft Brown............... . / S k ag it................. a
Cherry................. c
W ells..................17
Dawes.................a WISCONSIN.
Garfield...............k Florence..............e
FLORIDA.
G ran t.................. g Fo rest..................d
C itrus..................a
De S o to ............... e Keya P a h a ........ d Langlade............. /
L a k e .................... ft Logan................... I O neida.................c
Loup................... J Saw yer................ ft
L ee.............
Osceola...............d P e rk in s............. m W ashburn..........a
Pasco....................c Sheridan............. ft
Thom as.............. h
WYOMING.
IDAHO.
c
NEW MEXICO. Converse.............a
F rem o n t.............
B in g h am .._
_
Jo h n so n ..............1
C uster.............
San J u a n ............a
Latah...................a Sierra...................ft Sheridan............. ft

9

10

11

18

DA K .

---- v

21

22

8°

,0

| 33

81

—r
61 62
-AN JREAl
603 )461
j 70

81

82

A

6 6 7 8
f*
T8
1- 6 I — - 9
ju- -5 -1-L-j1—1J 9 2 2 2 J7 2
3 4 6 62 8

321 33 1 34

h

i

NEB ■ ? i
,
— i—
24

!

m

i6

6

I

4 :J $
5 «

54 I 65 \

M

' s* c p r T ^ — ( j
.a .

~yn

-8 4 -

:ANS.
60

Ratio of Predominant to Total Vote,
by States, 1888.
Rank

State.

38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

C o n n ...
In d .......
N . Y .. .
W . V a..
Ohio. ..
Ill.........
Cal........
M ich ...
W is_
_
N. J . . . .
Va.........
Mo. . ..
M d.......
N. H . ..
N. C ....

Rep.

Dem.

»

SCALE:
I
5* 10* 151 20*25*30* 35* 40* 45* 5 0*
6

48.66
49.04
49.28
49.50
49.54
49.66
49.73
49.79

96

Vt

98

UNORGANIZED

j -----------

49.35

‘

2 I 8

I,

49.87
49.98
50.25
50.33

50.35
51.81
52.27

Io w a . . .
P a .........
K y ........
M ass. . .
N e b ....
O re.. ..
R. I . . ..
M in n ...
D e l.. ..

52.35
52.74

C o l.. . .
K ans. . .
N e v ___
M e........
F la ...

55.20
55.38
57.42
57.50

53.31
53.37
53.51
53.77
53.88
54.15

&, 1
0
J*

55.10

78 ;

59.36
65.73
67.00
70.31

A la .. ..
v t ......... 71.20

85<*

73.33
73.79
82.34

Miss. ..
S . C .. ..

78

,8 9
8 9

161

y v

Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States, 1888.
Rank

State.

Harrison. Cleveland.

N e v ...
D e l....
R. I . . .
O re....
V t. . . .
F la ....
S . C ...
N. H ...
C o l....
M iss...
La. . . .
M e.. . .
Ga. . . .
Conn..
A rk . . .
W .V a
A la ....
N e b ....
M d.. ..
C a l....
M inn..
N. C...
N. J . . .
T enn..
Va. . ..
K a n s..
M ass..
K y—

7,238
12,973
21,909
33,291
45,193
26,657
13,736
45,728
50,774
30,090
30,701
73,734
40,496
74,584
58,752
78,171
57,197
108,425
99,986
124,816
142,492
134,784
144,344
138,988
150,438
182,904
183,892
155,134
176,553

W
is_
T e x .. .
Io w a ..
M ich..
M o .. ..
In d .. .

111. ....

O h io ..,
P a........
N .Y ...

88,280

211,598
236,387
236,253
263,361
370,475
416,054
520,091
650,338

Fisk.

Labor.

SC A LE:
Total.

A la.. .22 [Miss. .29
A r k .. .24 M o ... . 6
C al... .19 N ebr. .21
Colo. 30 N ev.. .38
Conn .25 N. H .31
Del. . .37 N. J .. .16
F la ... .33 N. Y . . 1
G a ... .26 N.O. .17
111.... . 4 lOhio. . 3
In d ... . 5 Oreg. .35
Iowa. . 8 P a ... . 2
Kans .13 R. 1.. .30
K y ... .11 S .C .. .32
L a ...
Tenn .15
M e ... .27 T ex. . 9
M d.. .20 Vt . .34
Mass. .12 Va. . .11
Mich. . 7 W .Va .23
Minn .18 W is.. .10

50,000 V otes.

5,326
41 .
12,605
16,414
400 .
29,787
17,530
1,251 .
*40,775
26,522
1.677
363 *61,914
16,788
1,460 .
*63,476
39,501
423 .
66,641
65,825 .
*79,941
43,456
1,593 '
42
90,819
37,567
2,191
1,267 *91,976
85.481
256
115,849
85,032
127
39 *115,961
50.481
2,691
1,344 128.250
100,502
1,808
136 142,942
74,920
4,234
240 153,978
85,962
614 10,613 155,941
78,677
3,084
1,508 159,440
117,320
593 .
175,110
80,552
9,439 ' 4,226 •202,642
106,168
4,767 .
210,921
117,729
5,761 .
*251,339
104,372 15,201
1,097 263,162
147,902
2,787 .
285,473
151,493
7,904 .
303,741
158,779
5,969
303,784
151,977
1.678 .
304,093
102,745
6,774
330.250
151,855
8,701 .
*344,508
183,800
622 344,779
5,223
155,232 14,277
8,552 354,614
234,883
4,749 29,459 357,371
179,877
3,550
9,105 404,130
213,469 20,945
4,555 475,356
261,954
4,540 18,589 521,336
261,009
9,945
2,694 537,009
348,371 21,703
7,284 747,833
396,455 24,356
3,496 *841,941
446,633 20,947
3,873 *997,568
635,965 30,231
1,146 *1,319,774

2
2

\a .
»

S an A n t o n i o /

^---1---

_2
7

•.U O G -f - 1 9 7 — ( - 1 9 8 -------------3

\i 27
1

Electoral Vote, 1888.
C a n d id a te

P a r ty

V otes

G ro v e r C le v e la n d ------ D e m o c r a t...... 1 6 8
B e n ja m in H a r r i s o n .... R ep u b lic a n .... m

NOTE—
These m aps an d c h arts are based on th e corrected
official re tu rn s except as noted below. In the case of

» I n c lu d e s S c a t t e r i n g K . I., 25; O re ., 01; V t., 35; S. C., 380; C ol., 17T; L a „ 02; C al., 1.442, a n d 1,591 (A m .); M ass., 0Q> O hio, 1,580; P a ., 24 (A m

these discrepancies. The prom pt acknow ledgem ent from
fourteen states resulted In the correction o f ab o u t tw o
hundred errors. The other four states have failed to respond,
which leaves the slight discrepancies of a single vote In Flor­
ida, tw o votes In Ohio, and the more Im portant ones of
1,107 in Arkansas, an d 8,040 In Texas.
a. The shadings In the T erritories are based on the vote for
in
Ten
representatives In Congress.
?slni

, 00 0,00 0

' 5 0 ,0 0 0

, a n d 2,008 (S ocialist). T o ta l Y,531.

Summary of the Presidential Vote, 1888.
Candidate.

(S c a tte rin g )................
P ro h ib itio n ..................
R epublican..................
Democratic................

Vote*.

7,531
148,147
249,890
5,442,877
5,538,584

50,000 V otes.

2 5 0 ,0 0 0

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

7 5 0 ,0 0 0

1,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

1 ,2 5 0 ,0 0 0

1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

1 ,7 5 0 ,0 0 0

2 . 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

/
2 ,2 5 0 ,0 0 0

COPYRIGHT, 1889, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

\ 7 5 0 ,0 0 0

3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

3 * 2 5 0 ,0 0 0

3 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

3 ,7 5 0 ,0 0 0

4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

4 2 5 0 ,0 0 0

4 ,5 U 0 ,0 0 0

I l l —P rogress .
IN D E X TO P L A T E S .

O R IG IN A L G R A N T S .............................................Plate 12

RANK O F STATES, PO PU LATIO N , 1790-1880, Plate 18

H is to r ic a l D a t a o f th e P r in c ip a l C h a r te r s .

P o p u la tio n , T o t a l; P e r S q u a r e M ile.
A v e r a g e D e n s ity o f S e ttle d A r e a .
T o ta l D o m a in a n d S e ttle d A r e a .

C O L O N IA L TERRITORY, 1776........................... Plate 12
S e ttle d A r e a ;

L o c a tio n o f F o rts .

AREA AND S E TTLE M E N T, 1790-1 8 2 0 ... Plates 13-14 GROW TH OF STATES, PO PULATIO N .. Plates 19-20
T o ta ls , b y D e c a d e s ;

P o p u la tio n o f S ta te s , b y D e ca d e s.

AREA AND S E TTLE M E N T, 1 8 3 0-1 8 8 0 ... Plates 15-17

RANK OF C IT IE S , POPU LATI ON, 1790-1880, Plate 21

P o p u la tio n o f S ta te s , b y D e c a d e s ; R a ilw a y s .

Part

A r e a s C o m p a re d .

G r o w th o f S e le c te d C itie s ; U r b a n P o p u la tio n .

I — HISTORY OF TERRITORIAL CHANGES.

E a r ly C o lo n ia l Grants.—The

grants

extending from the Atlantic to the “ South Sea.”

Merrimac

of territory made by the English government

The third charter of Virginia, of date 1612,

after called by its

to private individuals and corporations, and the

annexed to it all islands within 300 leagues

“ Maine.”

sub-grants by the latter,— under which most of

of the shore, between the parallels of 30° and

lying west of the Piscataqua was granted to

the early settlement of this country was effected

410 including the Bermudas.
,

These charters

Captain Mason, making him the possessor of

and which determined, in great part, the limits

were vacated in 1625, and the colony was

the lower part of the present New Hampshire.

of the thirteen original states,— were, as a rule,

transformed into a royal province.

A t the time of the dissolution of the Plymouth

and

the Kennebec rivers, there­
owners “ Laconia” and

In 1629 that portion of this land

in the highest degree ambiguous and conflicting.

The second of the two companies chartered

This was largely due to the ignorance and

in 1606 for colonizing in America, after several

granted to Gorges.

misconception which then prevailed regarding

futile attempts at settlement, was reorganized

the present state of Maine, lying east of the

the geography of this country.

in 1620 under the name of the Plymouth

Kennebec, had been patented to two other

easy to construe many of these old definitions

Company, and obtained a new charter.

parties, in separate tracts.

of limits.

called the Great Patent, comprised the country

the state was patented to Gorges by the king

The grants made in the colonial period were

between the 40th and the 48th parallels of

in 1639.

almost numberless, but as many of them were

latitude, extending from the Atlantic to the

heirs by the Massachusetts colony for the sum

short-lived and exerted no appreciable influence

“ South Sea.”

of ^1,250, and remained a part of that colony

upon the nation’s history, it is unnecessary to

crown all the earliest settlements in New

include them in this sketch.

England were made, the Plymouth Company

It is not now

In 1606 James I. of England made grants to
the so-called “ Virginia Companies,” for two
colonies.

This,

Under this grant from the

Company, in 1635, the rest of Laconia was
The remaining part of

The entire area o f ,

In 1677 this was purchased of his

and state until 1820.
The territory of Connecticut was granted
in 1631 by the Plymouth Company to Lords

making sub-grants for this purpose.
One of the first of these was the grant to

Say-and-Seal, Brooke and others.

Its limits

The first comprised a strip of uncer­

the Massachusetts Bay Company, of the lands

were defined in the grant, as follows: A ll that

tain breadth along the sea coast, extending

lying between lines drawn three miles north

part of New England west of the Narragansett

from the 34th to the 41st parallel; the second, a

of all parts of the Merrimac, and three miles

river, extending “ the space of forty leagues

like strip, extending from the 38th to the 45th

south of the Charles and of Massachusetts

upon a straight line near the seashore, toward

parallel.

Bay.

In 1630 the Plymouth colony, although

the south and west, as the coast lyeth toward

to the 41st parallel, was to be the property of

not founded under the auspices of the Ply­

Virginia, accounting three English miles to the

the company first effecting settlement therein.

mouth Company, succeeded

in obtaining a

league; and also all and singular the lands

Under the first grant, the Jamestown colony

grant of land lying between the Cohasset and

and hereditaments whatsoever lying and being

was established.

Narragansett rivers and extending westward

within the lands aforesaid, north and south

“ to the utmost bounds of a country in New

in latitude, and in breadth and length, and

England called Pokanoket, alias Sowamset.”

longitude

The overlapping area, from the 38th

Under the second, no suc­

cessful attempt at colonization was made.
In 1609 K in g James I. granted a second

of, and

within

all

the

breadth

charter in place of the first above noted,

In 1622 the Plymouth Company granted

embracing the country 200 miles north and 200

to Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain John

from the western to the south sea.”

miles south of Cape (Old Point) Comfort and

Mason,

settlements were made between 1633 and 1636,

%

jointly,

the

country

between

the

aforesaid, throughout all the main lands there
The first

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

XXX11
mainly

by

emigrants

from

Massachusetts.

Delaware was acquired by the English in

of the Flint and Chattahoochee rivers, thence

Others came over from England and settled

virtue

in other parts of the grant, and in 1662 the

claimed by the Duke of York under his grant.

king of England consolidated all these infant

It was claimed also by Lord Baltimore under

settlements, and granted them a charter under

his grant.

the name of Connecticut.

quit-claim deed, from the Duke of York to

includes, it is believed, all

Penn, and in 1701 Penn granted to Delaware

any material bearing upon the present limits

the privilege of a separate legislature.

of the thirteen original states.

In 1644 a grant was made by the crown to
the “ Incorporation of Providence Plantations, in
the Narragansett Bay, in New England,” com­

of the

treaty

of Westminster,

and

In 1682 it was transferred, by a

up the Flint river to the 31st parallel and along
that parallel to the Mississippi river.
The above is an outline of the principal
grants of

land

made to the colonies, and
that have had

The charter of Maryland was issued in 1632

prising most of the present area of Rhode

to Lord Baltimore.

Island.

between the fortieth degree of latitude on the

O rig in a l L im its o f th e U nited
States.— The preliminary treaty of peace with

north and the Potomac on the south, the

Great Britain, at the close of the Revolution,

New Y ork was first settled by the Dutch,

southern boundary being, as now, continued

gave the United States a territory bounded as

who claimed all the country between the 40th

across the eastern shore of Chesapeake bay,

follows: Commencing on the eastern boundary

and 45th parallels of north latitude, under the

leaving the lower end of the peninsula in

of Maine, the line ran up the river St. Croix to

right of discovery and exploration by Hendrick

Virginia.

its head, thence due north [according to the

In 1663 a new charter was obtained for

Rhode Island and the Providence Plantations.

Hudson.

This claim was never recognized by

The

This included the country

first charter of the Carolinas was

treaty] to the height of land between the waters

the English, and in 1664 K ing Charles II.,

granted to Sir W alter Raleigh in 1584.

Under

flowing directly into the Atlantic and those

in spite of the charter of Connecticut, and of

it several attempts at colonization were made,

flowing into the St. Lawrence; and thence,

the claims of the Dutch, made a grant to the

but all

In 1663 the

following that height of land, in a westerly direc­

Duke of Y ork of all the lands between the

crown made a grant of the Carolinas to Earl

tion, to the northwesternmost head of the

Connecticut river and the east bank of Dela­

Clarendon

including in it the

Connecticut river; thence along the middle of

ware bay.

It included also, but apparently

territory lying between the 31st and the 36th

that river down to the 45th degree of north

only nominally, the eastern part of Maine and

parallels, and the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

latitude, and along that parallel until it strikes

all of Long Island, Martha’s Vineyard and

In 1665 a charter supplemental to the above

the river St. Lawrence; up the middle of the

Nantucket.

The Dutch settlements were taken

was issued, defining the limits of the grant as

St. Lawrence river and the chain of the Great

by force of arms in 1664, recaptured by the

follows: “ Extending north and eastward as far

Lakes to the head of Lake Superior; thence

Dutch in 1673, and, in the following year,

as the north end of Currituck river or inlet,

through the chain of lakes emptying into Lake

restored to the English by the treaty of W est­

upon a straight westerly line, to W yanoak

Superior, over the divide, and down the waters

minster.

In 1685, the Duke of York having

creek, which lies within or about the degrees

flowing into Hudson’s bay, to the Lake of the

succeeded his brother as king of England, this

of 36° 30' northern latitude, and so west in a

W oods; thence from the most northwestern

grant, comprising essentially New York and

direct line as far as the south seas; and south

point of the Lake of the Woods, on a due west

New

and westward as far as the degrees of 29,

course, to the river Mississippi, down that river

inclusive, of northern latitude, and so west

to latitude 310 and along that parallel to the
;

in a direct line, as far as the south seas.”

This

middle of the river Appalachicola; thence the

It defined

fixed the northern boundary as at present.

line followed the Appalachicola to its junction

the territory as follows: “ Bounded on the east

The southern boundary conflicted to some

with the Flint river; and, from this point,

by the Delaware river, from twelve miles distant

extent with the claims of Spain.

In 1729, when

straight to the head of the St. Mary’s river;

northward of New Castle town unto the three-

the charter was surrendered, and the grant

and down the St. Mary’s river to the Atlantic

and-fortieth degree of northern latitude..............

reverted to the crown, South Carolina became

ocean.

the said land to extend westward five degrees

a distinct province.

colonies; upon the west were

Jersey, became

the

property

of

the

crown.
The

first

charter

of

Pennsylvania

granted in 1681 to W illiam Penn.

was

in longitude, to be computed from the said

resulted
and

in failures.
others,

In 1732 the crown granted a charter to the

Upon

the

north were

the British
the Spanish

possessions, known as Louisiana, and upon
the south

the Spanish possessions

of

the

eastern boundary, and the said lines to be

Colony of Georgia.

bounded on the north by the beginning of the

constituted a part of the province of South

three-and-fortieth degree of northern latitude,

Carolina, extending “ from the northern stream

The definitive treaty of peace between the

and on the south by a circle drawn at twelve

of a river commonly called the Savannah, all

United States and Great Britain, concluded

miles distance from New Castle, northward and

along the sea coast to the southward, unto the

September

westward, unto the beginning of the fortieth

most southern stream of a certain other great

boundaries of the United States in similar

degree of northern latitude, and then by a

water or river

terms.

straight line westward to the limits of longitude

westward from the land of the said rivers

the United States and the British possessions

above

will be seen, this

respectively, in direct lines to the south seas.”

became at once a source of contention between

charter was, in comparison with most of the

This charter was surrendered in 1752, and

the two countries.

other colonial charters, singularly clear and

Georgia then became a royal colony.

In 1764

peace until the settlement of the last point of

explicit.

George III., in commissioning James W right

dispute in 1872, it was the subject of a series of

degrees of latitude and

as governor of Georgia, defined his jurisdiction

treaties, commissions and surveys, for the pur­

longitude were indicated, a peculiarity which is

as extending from the Savannah river and the

pose of interpreting its terms or of defining its

seen in most of the early charters. Thus, by the

parallel passing through its head-waters, on

extension westward to the Pacific coast.

“ beginning of the three-and-fortieth degree,”

the north, to the St. Mary’s river, on the south,

treaty of London, signed November 19, 1794,

is intended the 42d parallel.

and along a line from its head to the junction

provision was made for ascertaining whether a

mentioned.”

As

There will also be noted the peculiar

manner in which

The land embraced in it

called

the

Alatamaha, and

Floridas.

3,

1783,

reaffirmed

the

above

The northern boundary line between

From the conclusion of

In the

PROGRESS.

XXX111

line drawn due west, from the northwest point

refused and the matter was again thrown open.

fer to Spain in 1763 of all the French possessions

of the Lake of the Woods, would strike the

The negotiations were protracted for a number

west of the Mississippi river; shortly after which

Mississippi river, doubts having already arisen

of years and the subject became a matter of

France gave up to Great Britain, along with the

as to this most important point.

This question

great irritation; collisions occurred in the con­

Canadas and New Brunswick, the remainder

was not settled, however, until 1818. The same

tested territory, and at one time war appeared

of what was then called Louisiana, comprising

treaty made provision for the settlement of the

imminent.

the eastern slope of the Mississippi valley north

identity of the river St. Croix, with that other­
wise known as the Skotiack.

By the Webster-Ashburton treaty, concluded

of the Spanish possessions in Florida.

The

The line was

in 1842, the boundary was established, finally,

mid-channel of the Mississippi river, thus made

established along this stream and its northern

very nearly as decided by the king of the

the boundary between the English and Spanish

branch, the Cheputneticook.

Netherlands, both parties, apparently, having

domain

erected at the head of the latter stream for the

wearied of the useless contest.

1783 the western boundary of the United

purpose of defining that point.

made some minor changes in other parts of the

A monument was

This treaty also

in the

coveted valley, became

in

States.

B y the treaty of Ghent, concluded December

northern boundary, transferring certain small

In the several transfers of the vast region

24, 1814, provision was made for a final adjust­

islands in the St. Lawrence and St. Mary’s

known as Louisiana, to which France, Spain,

ment of the points at issue in the northern

rivers, and finally establishing the boundary as

Great Britain and the United

boundary. The commissioners under this treaty

far west as the Rocky mountains, as it now

parties, the Mississippi river formed the only

were successful in settling the ownership of the

stands.

well defined limit.

States were

The nearest approach to

lands in Passamaquoddy bay and in the river

By the treaty with Great Britain in 1846,

definiteness was in the grant made by Louis

St. Lawrence, but, upon that portion of the line

the northern boundary was continued from the

X IV . of France to Crozat in 1712 of all the

between the head of the river St. Croix and the

Rocky mountains westward to the straits of

countries watered by the Mississippi and its

head of the Connecticut river no agreement

Juan de Fuca, along the 49th parallel, and

tributaries south of the mouth of the Illinois.

was reached.

down through the main ship channel of the

In 1818 it was agreed with Great Britain

above straits to the Pacific ocean.

Question

The question whether Louisiana, as ceded
to the United States by France, extended to

that the boundary line should be extended

immediately atose, however, as to the definition

the

westward along the 49th parallel of latitude

of the “ main ship channel,” in the straits of

discussed, and at one time had a serious

from the Lake of the W oods to the Stony

Juan de Fuca, the English claiming the Rosario

importance in connection with the Oregon

[Rocky]

strait— the

the

boundary dispute. The French plenipotentiary,

country west of the Stony mountains should

boundary; while the United States claimed

M. Barbe Marbois, who represented France in

be free and open to citizens of both countries

that it should follow the Canal Haro.

This

the affair, published in 1829 a detailed account

for a period of ten years after the date of that

matter was finally settled by the arbitration of

of the negotiations in his “ Histoire de la

convention.

the emperor of Germany, who

in

Louisiane,” which, strangely enough, has been

were again opened between the two countries

favor of the United States on the 21st day

overlooked by nearly all who have discussed

for the settlement of the boundary west of the

of October, 1872, thus disposing of the last

the subject.

Rocky mountains, but, as the claims of the two

remaining point at issue concerning the northern

negotiations, the following quotations from his

countries were very divergent and were insisted

boundary.

narrative would seem to be decisive on the

mountains;

and,

further, that

the

In 1824 and 1826 negotiations

most

eastern

passage— as

decided

upon with great pertinacity on both sides, no
result was reached.

Pacific ocean

much

In view of his position in these

point at issue:

T h e L o u isia n a P u rch ase.—The

or not, has been

“ The charter given by Louis

first

X IV . to Crozat included all the countries

In 1827 the points of difference between

accession of territory by the United States was

watered by the rivers which empty directly

the two countries, in regard to the northern

the purchase of Louisiana from France, in 1803.

or indirectly into

boundary of Maine, were referred to the king

The terms of the cession were the payment

this description comes the Missouri, a river

of the Netherlands, as an arbitrator.

The

of 60,000,000 francs, or about $12,000,000, and

that has its sources and many of its tributary

United States insisted upon a literal interpreta­

the assumption by the United States of the

streams at a little distance from the Rocky

tion of the terms of the treaty of 1783, which

claims of its citizens against the French gov­

mountains.

provided that the boundary should follow a

ernment.

These, which were known as the

of cession meant to convey nothing beyond

meridian northward from the head of the St.

“ French Spoliation Claims,” were estimated

them, but the settlement in the interior, which

Croix river to the dividing ridge between the

at that time to amount to $3,750,000.

has resulted from it, and the one on the

the Mississippi.

Within

The first article of the treaty

waters flowing into the Atlantic and those

The limits of the purchase were defined by

flowing into the St. Lawrence, which would place

the treaty only in the general terms of the

strengthened each other.”

the boundary north of the river St. John.

treaty of St. Ildefonso, by which Spain in 1800

more explicit when, in recounting the con­

English government, on the other hand, con­

had transferred to France “ the Colony

sideration given to the question of limits,

tended that the divide of land referred to in the

Province of Louisiana, with the same extent

he says:

treaty was that between the waters of the

that it now has in the hands of Spain and that

made no more objections, and if, in appearing

Penobscot and St. John.

The decision of the

it had when France possessed it,” the only

to be resigned to these general terms through

king of the Netherlands was a compromise,

addition to this description being in the clause

necessity, they considered them preferable to

making the course of the St. John’s river the

conveying to the United States “ the said

more precise stipulations, it must be admitted

boundary line for the greater part of this

territory, with all its rights and appurtenances,

that the event has justified their foresight. The

distance.

as fully and in the same manner as they had

shores of the W estern ocean were certainly not

but was opposed so strongly by the citizens of

been acquired by the French republic.”

included in the cession, but the United States

Maine that the assent of the United States was

same indefiniteness had characterized the trans­

The

This was agreed to by Great Britain,

or

The

Pacific

ocean

at

“ The

the

west

have

mutually

Marbois is even

American plenipotentiaries

are already established there.”

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

XXXIV

Therefore it appears that while the country-

coast eastward to the meridian of 1060; the

is the one which determines the boundary line.

now comprised in Oregon, Washington and

eastern boundary was the meridian of 106°

Owing, however, to the extreme complexity of

Idaho was

not included in the Louisiana

from the parallel of 420 of north latitude,

the coast, which is made up of deep fiords and

purchase, it was in direct consequence of that

southward, to its point of intersection with

numberless islands, this definition establishes

purchase that the United States assumed juris­

the Arkansas river, near its head, thence it

the boundary line only in very general terms.

diction over this territory on the Pacific coast

crossed to the head of the Rio Grande, and

The northern boundary is the shore of the

between the 42d and 49th parallels.

followed that stream to a point just south of

Arctic ocean.

latitude 330; the southern boundary was an

through Behring’s straits, and thence down

P u rch a se o f th e F lo rid a s.— The

irregular line, having a generally westerly

through Behring’s sea, in a direction nearly

boundary of Louisiana on the east, below

course just south of latitude 330 till it struck
,

southward; giving to the United States St.

latitude 310 was for a long time the subject
,

the head of the Gila river, thence it followed

Lawrence

of contention between the United States and

the Gila river down to its mouth, and thence,

Pribylov islands, and the whole chain of the

the Spanish possessors of the Floridas, the

by a direct line, ran to the Pacific coast, at a

Aleutian islands.

former contending that the boundary was the

point one marine league south of the southern­

Perdido river, the latter that it was the Missis­

most point of the port of San Diego, being

sippi.

the

a.

This quarrel, which at one time seemed

likely to lead to war, was finally settled by the

present

boundary between

upper and

lower California.

The western boundary passes

island,

St.

Mathews

island, the

Cession o f W e stern L a n d s to
th e G en eral G o ve rn m e n t.— The
boundaries between the thirteen original states

purchase of the Floridas by the United States,

were, at the organization of the United States

which was effected on February 22, 1819—

The

although the transfer did not actually take

United States acquired, by the Gadsden pur­

are at present, with the

place until some months later.

This accession

chase in 1853, that part of New Mexico and

western lands owned or claimed by several

of territory placed the United States in full

Arizona lying south of the Gila river and west

of these states.

possession of the Gulf coast as far west as

of the Rio Grande.

The southern limit of this

Maine, with its northern boundary as yet

the Sabine river, and of the Atlantic coast

purchase, as established by the treaty with

unsettled, was a province of Massachusetts.

of Florida.

Mexico, was as follow s: From the point where

New Hampshire had the same boundaries as

The boundary between the Spanish posses­

the parallel of 310 47' crosses the Rio Grande,

at present, except that its northern limit was

sions in the southwest and the United States

the boundary ran due west on this parallel 100

uncertain.

was defined by this treaty as follows: Com­

miles; thence south to the parallel of 31020', and

aries, was at that time nominally a part of

mencing at the mouth of the Sabine river, it

along that parallel to the 11 ith meridian; thence

New York.

followed that river to its intersection with the

in a direct line, to a point on the Colorado

Massachusetts had very nearly its present

94th

that

river twenty miles south of the mouth of the

boundaries and area, and, in addition, laid claim

meridian to the Red river, and up the Red

Gila river, and thence up the Colorado to the

to all the country lying west of a meridian

river to its intersection with the meridian of

mouth of that stream.

This left the southern

passing twenty miles west of Niagara river,

ioo°.

boundary of the United States as at present.

extending south to latitude 420 2', and west to

meridian,

thence ran

north

on

It then followed this meridian north to

G a d sd e n

P u r c h a s e .— The

the Arkansas river, passed up the Arkansas

Government, established very nearly as they
exception of the

Vermont, with its present bound­

the Mississippi river— an area some seventy

river to its head; and thence ran northward

A la sk a . — The

last area of country acquired

or eighty miles in breadth and comprising the

to the parallel of latitude of 420 and westward
,

by the United States from foreign powers was

southern part of Michigan and Wisconsin, and

upon this parallel to the Pacific ocean.

Alaska.

the northern part of Illinois.

This purchase was effected in March,

1867, and proclaimed on June 20 of the same

The boundaries of Rhode Island have not

next acces­

year, the consideration being $7,200,000 in gold.

been materially changed since the formation

sion of territory was that of the republic

Its limits are as follows: From the southern

of the Union.

of Texas, which was admitted as a state

point of Prince of W ales island, the eastern

Connecticut has, with the exception of slight

December 29, 1845.

The area which was thus

line runs, generally, in a northern direction

changes, maintained its boundaries as then

brought into the Union was limited, as follows:

along Portland channel to the 56th parallel of

established, but, in addition to its present area,

A ll the land lying east of the Rio Grande, and

latitude; thence it passes northwesterly along

it laid claim to the country lying between

embraced within the limits of the Rio Grande

the summit of the mountains trending parallel

latitude 410 and 420 2, extending westward

on the west and south, and the boundayr

to the coast, to their point of intersection

from the west boundary of Pennsylvania to

between the United States and Spain, under

with the 141st degree of west longitude; and

the Mississippi river, and including what is

the Florida treaty of 1819, on the east.

thence northward along this meridian to the

now the northern part of Ohio, Indiana and

Arctic ocean; providing, however, that in case

Illinois and the southern part of Michigan.

A ccession o f T e x a s —The

F ir s t A c c e s s io n
from M exico. — In

o f T e r r it o r y

the summit of the mountains referred to shall

The boundaries of New York, with the

1848 a large accession

prove to be at a distance of more than ten

exception of its western limit, were much the

of territory resulted from the Mexican war and

marine leagues from the ocean, the boundary

same as at present.

the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

The bound­

shall consist of a line parallel to the windings

however, under an old charter, to all the lands

aries of the area thus added, which comprised

of the coast, at a distance of ten marine

between the sources of the Great Lakes and

California, Nevada, Utah and parts of Colorado,

leagues from it as far as the intersection of

the Cumberland mountains.

Arizona and New Mexico, were as follows:

this line with the 141st meridian.

On the west, the Pacific ocean; on the north,

already known concerning the geography of

the 42d parallel, extending from the Pacific

| the region to assure us that this last condition

Enough is

This state laid claim,

The boundaries of New Jersey, Delaware
and

Maryland

changed.

have

not

been

materially

PROGRESS:
Pennsylvania did not originally extend to

XXXV

December 18, 1787, New Jersey.

admitted, were as follows:

Lake Erie with its northwestern corner, but its

January 2, 1788, Georgia.

Pennsylvania line;

northern boundary was prolonged until it met

January 9, 1788, Connecticut.

river; on the west, the meridian of the mouth

its western boundary; the area since added

February 6, 1788, Massachusetts.

of the Miami river; and on the north, the

having

April 28, 1788, Maryland.

parallel

May 23, 1788, South Carolina.

of Lake

June 21, 1788, New Hampshire.

remainder of the

as that of W est Virginia, laid claim to the

June 25, 1788, Virginia.

added to Indiana territory.

region

July 26, 1788, New York.

been at th at, time the property of

New York.
Virginia, besides its present area, as well
of

country

now

including

all

of

of the

On the east; the

on the south, the Ohio

“ most

Michigan,

southerly

and

Lake

Northwest

extreme ”

Erie.

The

territory

was

1804. Mississippi territory was enlarged by *

Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin,

November 21, 1789, North Carolina.

the addition of all the remainder of the present

Michigan, and that part of Minnesota lying

May 29, 1790, Rhode Island.

areas of Alabama and Mississippi, with the

east of the Mississippi river.

exception of those portions south of the 31st

North Carolina included, besides its present
area, the whole of the state of Tennessee.

State an d T e rrito ria l Changes.
— The following is a chronological sketch of

parallel.
1804.

The

territory

of

Orleans

was

South Carolina laid claim to a narrow strip

the organization of territories, the admission

organized,

o f country, twelve or fourteen miles in width,

of states and the principal changes in the

Louisiana, with the exception of the portion

limited on the north by the 35th parallel of

boundary lines of states and territories:

between the Amite river and lakes Maurepas

latitude extending to the Mississippi river.

1788, A provisional government was formed

comprising

the

present area of

and Pontchartrain and the Pearl river.

The

Georgia had, with the exception of the latter

for the territory northwest of the Ohio river,

remainder of the Louisiana purchase continued

strip, besides its present area, an undoubted title

popularly known as “ the Northwest territory,”

to bear the name of Louisiana territory.

to so much of the area of the present states of

comprising the present states of Ohio, Indiana,

Alabama and Mississippi as was at that time in

Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and that part of

organized from the northern part of Indiana

the possession of the United States.

Minnesota east of the Mississippi river.

territory.

It will be noticed that there is scarcely one

The territory south of the Ohio river, com­

June 30, 1805.

Michigan

territory

was

The boundary on the south was a

parallel through the most southern point of

of these claims which does not conflict with

prising the

present area of Kentucky and

Lake Michigan, extending eastward to Lake

others, and there are some which conflict with

Tennessee, does not appear ever to have had a

Erie, thus coinciding with the western part of

nearly all the rest.

territorial government.

the northern boundary of Ohio.

It was largely in order

The western

to quiet titles to these lands, that steps were

March 4, 1791. Vermont was admitted as

boundary was a meridian through the same

taken by the General Government to obtain

a state, with substantially its present boundaries.

southern point of the lake, prolonged until it

possession of them.

Its area formerly belonged to New York.

intersected the northern boundary of the United

Pending the adoption of

the Constitution by the different states, the

March 30, 1791. The original District of

question of making such a transfer began to

Columbia, comprising 100 square miles, was

February 3, 1809. The territory of Illinois

be agitated.

ceded to the United States by the states of

was formed, comprising that portion of Indiana

Maryland and Virginia.

territory

It was claimed by the states

holding no outlying lands, that those owning
them gained thereby undue resources, and
consequent advantages

for future progress;

and further, that in order to maintain posses­
sion of them, all the states had contributed men
and money in proportion to their means, and
all should share proportionally.

One by one

June 1, 1792. Kentucky was admitted, with
its present limits.

States.

lying west of

the Wabash

river

and a meridian passing through the city of
Vincennes.

June 1,1796. Tennessee was admitted, with

April 30, 1812. Louisiana was admitted as
a state, with the area and limits of Orleans

its boundaries as at present.
April 7, 1798. The territory of Mississippi

territory.

A t the same time the name of

was created from a portion of the lands subse­

Louisiana territory was changed to Missouri

the states ceded to the United States their title

quently

territory.

in these lands, as follows:

constituted, it comprised an area in the present

Louisiana on the southeast were extended to

New York, March i, 1781.

states of Mississippi and Alabama, limited as

the Pearl river, as at present.

Virginia, March 1, 1784.

follows: On the west by the Mississippi river;

1812. Mississippi territory was enlarged by

Massachusetts, April 19, 1785.

on the north by a parallel through the mouth

the addition of those portions of the present

Connecticut, September 14, 1786 (with the

of the Yazoo; on the east by the Chattahoochee

area of Alabama and Mississippi south of the

river, and on the south by the 31st parallel of

31st parallel.

exception of the W estern Reserve).
Connecticut, May 30, 1800 (jurisdiction of

latitude.

ceded by Georgia.

As

originally

Jurisdiction over this area remained

with the state of Georgia until the final cession

the W estern Reserve).
South Carolina, August 19, 1787.
North Carolina, February 25, 1790.

of its lands in 1802.

In the same year the limits of

December 11, 1816. Indiana was admitted,
with its present boundaries.
March 3, 1817.

Alabama

territory

was

created from part of Mississippi territory, with

divided, the divisional line being the meridian

its limits the same as those of the present state

of the mouth of the Kentucky river.

Georgia, April 24, 1802.

May 7, 1800. The Northwest territory was

of Alabama, excepting that the 31st parallel

The

R a tifica tio n of the C onstitution.

portion east of this line retained the name of

— The

Northwest territory, that west of it being called

thirteen

Constitution

of

original

states

ratified the

the United States, in the

following order:

Indiana territory.

formed the southern boundary.
December 10, 1817.
mitted,

November 29, 1802. Ohio was formed and

December 7, 1787, Delaware.

admitted as a state, its area being taken from

December 12, 1787, Pennsylvania.

the Northwest territory.

Its boundaries, when

with

its

Mississippi was ad­

present

boundaries,

and

Mississippi territory ceased to exist.
December 3, 1818. Illinois was admitted,
with its present boundaries.

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

XXXVI

March 2, 1819.

Arkansas

was

1836. The northern portion of the western

original area not included in her present limits,

Its

boundary of Missouri was changed to the

namely, the parts lying north of the parallel of

limits were

Missouri river, giving the state the same limits

36° 30', and west of longitude 103°, as far south

as at present.

as the parallel of 320
.

territory

created from a part of Missouri territory.
northern, eastern and southern

established as at present, but westward

it

September 9, 1850. California was admitted

appears to have extended to the boundary

1836. The northern boundary of Ohio was

between the United States and the Spanish

changed from the parallel of the most southern

with its present limits.

possessions, namely, to the 100th meridian. The

point of Lake Michigan to a direct line running

territory acquired from Mexico.

clause defining this is vague— “ thence west to

from this point to the most northern cape of

the western territorial line.”

Maumee bay, thereby adding a narrow strip of

created, its area being another part of the

land and giving the state its present bound­

territory recently acquired from Mexico.

aries.

original limits were: On the west, the California

December 14, 1819. Alabama was admitted,
with its present limits.

September 9, 1850.

It was formed from
Utah

territory was
Its

Michigan, reduced by

boundary; on the east, the Rocky mountains;

Its boundaries

the formation of Wisconsin territory and by

on the south, the 37th parallel, and on the north,

have remained unchanged, with the exception

the above addition to Ohio, was admitted with

the 42d parallel.

of the northern line, which was for a long

its present boundaries.

January 26, 1837.

March 15, 1820. Maine was detached from
Massachusetts, and admitted.

December 13, 1850. The territory of New

of controversy with Great

July 3, 1838. Iowa territory was created.

Mexico was created, its area being composed

Britain, but was finally adjusted in 1842, by the

It originally included all that part of Wisconsin

of the remainder of the land acquired from

Webster-Ashburton treaty.

territory lying west of the Mississippi river and

Mexico, and of a part of the land sold to the

of a line drawn due north from its source to the

United States by Texas.

international boundary.

follows: On the west the California boundary;

time

a

subject

August 10, 1821. The state of Missouri,
formed from a part of Missouri territory, was

Its limits were as

Its

on the north the parallel of 370 as far as the
,

boundaries were originally constituted as at

southern boundary was the same as at present;

summit of the “ Sierra M adre” (Sangre de

present, but the entire western boundary was

its eastern boundary was the Mississippi river

Cristo) mountains; thence northward along this

originally the meridian of the mouth of the

as far north as the mouth of the Mankato;

summit to the parallel of 38°; then east along

Kansas or Kaw river.

its

this parallel to the 103d meridian.

admitted.

The northern, eastern and southern

March 3, 1845. Ic>
wa was Em itted.

northern boundary, the parallel passing

The eastern

territory was

through the mouth of this stream, as far west as

boundary was this meridian as far as the 32d

organized, comprising the area purchased from

the meridian of 170 30' west of Washington,

parallel.

Spain in 1819.

which meridian formed its western boundary.

parallel as far west as the Rio Grande; thence

March 30, 1822.

Florida

1824. The western boundary of Arkansas
territory was defined as a meridian, start­
ing at a point forty-five miles west of the

March 3, 1845. Florida was admitted, with

southern boundary was

this

the line ran down the Rio Grande to the
international boundary, and followed this line

its present boundaries.
December 29, 1845.

The

Texas, which

had

westward, as

established by the treaty of

southwest corner of Missouri, and running

become independent of Mexico in 1836, joined

south to Red river, thence down Red river

the United States.

A t this time it comprised

March 2, 1853. Washington territory was

to its intersection with the northern boundary

all the area extending from the old boundary

organized from the northern part of Oregon.

of Louisiana.

line between the United States and the Spanish

The dividing line followed the Columbia river,

1828. The western boundary of Arkansas

possessions to the Rio Grande, from its head to

from its mouth to the point where the 46th

territory was changed, reducing its area to the

its mouth, including parts of the present areas

parallel crosses it; and thence east to the

present limits of the state.

of New Mexico and Colorado.

summit of the

defined as follows:

The boundary was

Guadalupe Hidalgo.

Rocky mountains, coincided

From a point on the

July 9, 1846. The portion of the District

Arkansas river 100 paces west of Fort Smith,

of Columbia which had been ceded to the

due south to Red river; and, from the same

General Government by Virginia, was retro­

Mexico was

point on the Arkansas, in a direct line to the

ceded to that state.

Gadsden purchase.

southwest corner of Missouri.

December 28, 1846.

June 15, 1836. Arkansas was admitted,
with

its

present

boundaries,

as

above

described.

northern and

Wisconsin

territory

was

formed from parts of Michigan and Missouri
As

originally

constituted,

the

December 30, 1853. The

area of New

increased by the area of the

May 30, 1854.

Nebraska

territory

was

western boundaries of Iowa were changed,

created

giving the state its present limits.

Originally it comprised all the region between

May 29, 1848. Wisconsin was admitted,

July 3, 1836.
territories.

The

with this parallel.

with its present boundaries.
August 14, 1848. The territory of Oregon
was created.

It comprised all the territory

from a part of Missouri territory.

the 40th and 49th parallels, from the Missouri
river to the Rocky mountains.
May 30, 1854. Kansas territory was created
from the remainder of Missouri territory.

Its

eastern boundary was the same as that of

then belonging to the United States north of

eastern boundary was the western boundary of

the present state.

the 42d parallel of latitude, and west of the

Missouri; its southern boundary was the 37th

Rocky mountains.

parallel, as far west as the 103d meridian;

On the north, it extended

to the international boundary, as far west as
its intersection with White Earth river (a small

Minnesota territory was

thence the line ran north on this meridian one

northern branch of the Missouri in northwestern

created, comprising all that part of the former

degree, to latitude 38°; thence west to the

D akota); thence down the Missouri to a point

territory of Iowa not included in the state of

summit of the Rocky mountains.

due west of the northern boundary of Missouri;

Iowa,

limit was this summit, and its northern the 40th

east on that boundary to the Mississippi; up the

boundary of Wisconsin.

Mississippi to the northern boundary of Illinois,
and east along this boundary.

March 3, 1849.

and

extending east to the western

1850. Texas sold to the General Govern­
ment, for the sum of $10,000,000, all of her

Its western

parallel of latitude.
May 11, 1858.

Minnesota was admitted

with its present limits.

••

PROGRESS:
February 14, 1859. Oregon was admitted,
with its present boundaries.

The remaining

XXXVll

1866. The eastern boundary of Nevada was

March 3, 1863. Idaho territory was formed
from portions

of Washington, Dakota and

moved a second degree further east, placing the

part of Oregon territory was added to W ash­

Nebraska territories.

Its original limits, which

boundary upon the meridian of 370 and the
,

ington territory.

comprised not only the present territory of

southern boundary was extended so as to

Idaho but all of Montana and W yom ing, were

include a triangular area between the California

as follows:

boundary and the Colorado river,

January 29, 1861. Kansas was admitted,
with its present limits.

The western boundary was the

thereby

February 28, 1861. Colorado territory was

same as at present, the northern boundary, on

reducing Utah and Arizona to their present

created from portions of Utah, New Mexico,

the 49th parallel, ran east to the 27th meridian

limits, and giving to Nevada its present extent.

Kansas and Nebraska.

west of Washington.

Its limits were the

same as those of the present state.

the

eastern

This meridian formed

boundary, while

the

southern

March 1, 1867.

Nebraska was admitted,

with its present limits.

March 2, 1861. Dakota territory was formed

boundary was the 41st parallel from the above

from parts of Minnesota and Nebraska terri­

meridian west to the 34th meridian, thence

created, with its present limits, from part of

tories.

north along this meridian to the 42d parallel,

Idaho.

It originally included an immense

area within the following limits:

The eastern

boundary was the same as at present, the
southern boundary was also the same, but
was

prolonged

along

the

43d

parallel to

the summit of the Rocky mountains.

The

July 25, 1868.

and along this parallel to its intersection with
the western boundary.

W yom ing

February 17, 1873.

territory was

Congress, under the

erroneous impression that, by a mistake in

This reduced Nebraska, Dakota and W ash­

defining boundaries, a part of Dakota had been

ington to their present limits, and decreased

left detached near the point where Idaho, Mon­

the area of Utah.

tana and W yom ing join, passed an act adding

western boundary was the hypothetical summit

June 19, 1863. W est Virginia, having been

of this range, and the northern boundary,

cut off from Virginia, was admitted, with its

stances, it is difficult to imagine what effect this

the 49th parallel.

limits as at present.

act could have, but the compilers of the Revised

These limits comprise all

the present area of

Dakota and most of

Montana and Wyoming.
ated.

Originally

it included

that part of

Utah lying west of the meridian of 390 west

Under the circum­

was

Statutes have given it effect by transferring

Its limits have

from Montana to Idaho the small area lying

been subjected to but a trifling change since its

between the continental water-shed and the

organization.

parallel of 44030', along which the Montana-

May 26, 1864.

Montana

territory

created from a part of Idaho.

March 2, 1861. Nevada territory was cre­

such area to Montana.

October 31, 1864. Nevada was admitted.

Idaho boundary originally ran, between the

A t the same time its eastern boundary was

meridian of 340 and the summit of the Bitter

February 24, 1863. Arizona territory was

moved one degree of longitude further east,

Root mountains.

formed from that portion of New Mexico lying

placing it upon the meridian of 38° west of

west of the 32d meridian west of Washington.

Washington, and reducing Utah to that extent.

of Washington.

Part
C o lo n ia l Epoch.,— The

August 1, 1876. Colorado was admitted,
with its present boundaries.

II— PROGRESS OF SETTLEMENT.

first permanent

the colony.

From this colony, as well as from

Delaware.

Seventeen years later, this colony

settlement within the thirteen original states

England, emigrants went into Rhode Island,

was

was made at Jamestown, Va., in 1607.

Connecticut,

Amsterdam, and

Prior to

New

Hampshire

and

Maine.

conquered

by

the

Dutch

many of

of

New

that nationality

that date, there had been numerous unsuc­

During the decade between 1630 and 1640,

settled within its limits.

cessful attempts at colonization.

The most

emigration from the mother country was very

minster transferred this, with the other Dutch

important of these were the two futile experi­

active, and the New England colonies thrived

possessions in America, to England.

ments by Sir

apace.

Humphrey Gilbert, in

1579

The treaty of W est­

The first English settlement in New Jersey

and 1583, those of Sir W alter Raleigh in

In 1623 and 1624 the Dutch commenced

1584, 1585 and 1587, and that of Bartholomew

the settlement of Manhattan island, in New

population was increased, rapidly at first but

Gosnold, in 1602.

York.

afterward

The Jamestown

colony

The first quarter of a century of the life

was

made at

Elizabeth in

very slowly, by

1664, and the
influx from the

grew but slowly, and for twelve years it had

of this colony shows but little growth, but after

neighboring colonies.

a precarious existence.

In 1620 and 1621,

1650 its numbers multiplied with great rapidity,

of settlements by the Dutch had amounted to

however, it received large accessions, and from

and in 1660 the colony of the New Netherlands

little.

that time its success was assured.

was said to have contained 10,000 people.

only between 4,000 and 5,000 persons.

the

colony

of Virginia,

it was

In 1660
estimated,

contained 30,000 persons.

Meanwhile, settlements had commenced in
the present area of Maryland.

The Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock in

In 1631 a small

The earlier beginnings

In 1682 New Jersey probably contained

The

Carolinas

do

not

appear to have

received any colonists, except by the extension

trading post was established on Kent island,

of the settlements

1620, and, in spite of cold, want and disease,

in Chesapeake bay.

boundary of that colony, until in 1664 a party

grew rapidly by accessions of brother dissenters

planted at St. Mary’s, on the mainland.

from England.

settlements were also

In 1628 the Massachusetts Bay

In 1634 a colony was
Other

made, and increased

in Virginia beyond

the

of planters from Barbadoes formed the colony
of Clarendon, on Cape Fear river.

In 1670 a

Company commenced to colonize its grant.

rapidly, so that in 1660 it was estimated that

colony was formed on the Ashley river, and

Its first company of settlers located at Salem,

Maryland contained 12,000 persons.

in 1671-72 this settlement was increased by

followed closely by a large number of colonists,

In 1638 a company of Swedes and Finns

who founded Boston, and made it the capital of

settled near the present site of Wilmington,

*

many Dutch from Manhattan island and from
Holland.

SCRIBNERS STATISTICAL ATLAS.

XXXV111

The settlement of Pennsylvania was com­

Up to this time the extension of settlement

1790. The first census of the United States,

menced in 1681, and from the first this colony

had been largely prevented by the French, who

taken in 1790, showed a population extending

grew with great rapidity, escaping most of the

had drawn a cordon of military posts and

in a narrow strip along the Atlantic seaboard,

infant ills to which all the other American

of hostile Indian tribes around the English

from the eastern border of the “ District of

colonies were for years subject— a result which

colonies.

In 1763, at the close of the Seven

M aine” to the southern boundary of Georgia.

was doubtless due in great part to the whole­

Years War, which had proved disastrous to

This strip of populated territory comprised the

some policy of its founder.

France, the latter ceded to Great Britain all her

coast line of Maine, three-fourths of New

claims to the territory east of the Mississippi

Hampshire, nearly all of Vermont, all of Massa­

and north of the 31st parallel of latitude.

chusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut, the

Emigration into and beyond the Appalachian

southeastern portion of New York, all of New

Augusta, Darien, Ebenezer and on St. Simon’s

mountains at once commenced.

Settlements

Jersey, eastern and southern Pennsylvania, all

island were commenced.

The colony had a

spread rapidly into the valleys of the Shenan­

of Delaware and Maryland, the eastern two-

slow and precarious growth, and twenty years

doah and the Tennessee, and over into the

thirds of Virginia, nearly all of North Carolina,

after its inception numbered but 5,000 white

region

all of South Carolina, and the eastern part of

inhabitants.

Kentucky.

The first settlement in Georgia was made
by

Oglethorpe in

1733, at Savannah, and

within the next three years

settlements at

which

became

later

the

state

of

Georgia.
From Maine to Georgia population had

The population of the colonies in 1688, is

Meanwhile, the older colonies themselves,

estimated by Bancroft as follows: Massachu­

while sending out thousands upon thousands

spread

setts, including Plymouth and Maine, 44,000;

of emigrants, continued to grow with great

climbing the Appalachian mountain system,

New Hampshire, 6,000;

rapidity, so that, at the outbreak of the Revolu­

the

Connecticut,

tion, the number of inhabitants, exclusive of

direction

New

York,

slaves, was estimated by Pitkin at 2,243,000

miles.

20,000; New Jersey, 10,000; Pennsylvania and

souls, to which should be added the estimated

tion had already been developed: the most

Delaware, 12,000; Maryland, 25,000; Virginia,

number of slaves, 500,000, making a total

northern up the Mohawk valley, in central

50,000; the Carolinas, 8,000.

population of 2,743,000.

New York;

Providence
between

Rhode Island and

Plantations, 6,000;

17,000

gives a total

and

20,000;

population

200.000 at the end

This estimate

of, approximately,

of three-fourths of

a

Pitkin gives the fol­

over

the

average

Atlantic

breadth

of

away from

the

plain,

and

settlement,
coast, being

was
in

a

255

Four main lines of westward emigra­

the second, up the course of

lowing as the white population of the several

the Potomac, through western Maryland; the

colonies at this date:

third, southwestward down the east Tennessee
valley;

and

the

M aryland.......................... 174,000

around

the

southern

Rhode Island................. 58,000

Virginia.............................300,000

Appalachian system.

Connecticut......................202,000

North C aro lin a.............. 181,000

New Y o r k ........................ 238,000

South Carolina............... 93,000

“ O f persons of European ancestry, perhaps

New Jersey...................... r38,ooo

G eorgia............................ 27,000

50.000 dwelt in New Hampshire, 207,000 in

Pennsylvania....................341,000

century from the date of the earliest settle­

New Hampshire.............. 102,000

Delaware.......................... 37,000

ments.

Massachusetts.................35 2,000

Mr. Bancroft estimates the population of
the colonies, in 1754, to have been as follows:

Massachusetts, 35,000 in Rhode Island, and
133.000 in Connecticut;
therefore, 425,000 souls.

in

New England,

O f the middle col­

through

end

of

Georgia,
the

great

Already venturesome pioneers had com­
menced settlements west of the mountains.
About Pittsburgh, in western Pennsylvania, a

Mr. Bancroft gives the following table of
estimates of the population of the colonies at

powerful group
up.

of settlements had sprung

Another important group had taken root

in the northern part of Kentucky.

different epochs after 1750:

Smaller

settlements were found upon the Cumberland

onies, New Y ork may have had 85,000, New
Jersey 73,000, Pennsylvania, with Delaware,

fourth,

Y ear.

White.

Black.

T otal.

river in Tennessee, and in what is now W est
Virginia, at the junction of the Kanawha with

195.000, Maryland 104,000, in all not far from
1750 ........................

1,040,000

220,000

1,260,000

1754 ........................

1,165,000

260,000

1,425,000

assigned 168,000 white inhabitants, to North

1760........................

1,385,000

310,000

1,695,000

ments, to the number of a score or more,

Carolina scarcely more than 70,000, to South

1770 ........................

1,850,000

462,000

2,312,000

were scattered over the country east of the

Carolina 40,000, to Georgia not more than

1780.......................

2,383,°°°

562,000

2,945,000

Mississippi, chiefly at garrisoned posts.

457.000.

*

*

*

*

T o Virginia may be

5,000; to the whole country south of the Poto­
*

*

Massachusetts, and

*

*

New Hampshire,

Maine, may have

had

6.000 negroes, Rhode Island 4,500, Connec­

settlement, the population, and the average
density of settlement at each census:

ticut 3,500; all New England, therefore, about
14.000.

New Y ork alone had not far from

Besides these, small isolated settle­

The total settled area* at this time com­
The following table gives the total area of

Date.

11.000, New Jersey about half that number,

T otal A rea

of

Settlement.

T otal
Population.

Pennsylvania, with Delaware, 11,000 Maryland

prised

239,935

square

miles,

the

average

density of settlement of which was 16.4 to a
square mile.

Population per
Square Mile.

mac 283,000.

the Ohio.

The length of the inland line

which limited the settled area was about 3,200
miles.

The “ center of population,” or the

center of gravity of the population, supposing
each individual to have the same weight, was

44.000, the central colonies collectively 71,000.

1790.............................

239,935

3,929,214

16.4

at that time in latitude 390 i 6 '-5 , and longitude

In Virginia there were not less than 116,000,

1800..............................

305,708

5,308,483

17.4

76° 11'.2, that is, twenty-three miles east of

1810..............................

407,945

7,239,881

17.7

Baltimore, Maryland.

40,000, in Georgia

1820..............................

508,717

9,633,822

18.9

1830..............................

632,717

12,866,020

20.3

about 2,000, so that the country south of the

1840..............................

807,292

17,069,453

21. I

Potomac may have had 178,000.”

The total

1850..............................

979,249

23.191,876

23-7

white population was, according to these esti­

i860..............................

b i 94,754

3 b 443 , 32 i

26.3

in North Carolina perhaps more than 20,000,
in South

Carolina full

mates, 1,165,000, and the colored population
263.000.

1870..............................

1,272,239

38 ,558,371

3°-3

1880..............................

L 5 69, 57 o

50 , 155,783

32.0

1800. The beginning of the present century
showed marked changes since the date of the
* B y the “ settled a re a ” is meant that which contains an
average, county by county, of two or more inhabitants to a
square mile.

Less than this implies only a widely-scattered

population, consisting of graziers, or wandering hunters.

PROGRESS.

XXXIX

77° 37 * or forty miles northwest by west of
2>

surrounded by settlements.

Atlantic coast had become decidedly broader

Washington, D. C.

however, had been materially advanced in all

between New England and South Carolina,

ment had increased to 407,945 square miles,

directions.

covering nearly all of North Carolina and

with an average density of settlement of 17.7 to

been removed to Indian territory, and their

Virginia, with three-fourths of Pennsylvania and

a square mile.

fertile lands had been occupied by the whites,

New York, and had advanced into Ohio on both

length of 2,900 miles.

first census.

its

The area of settlement along the

eastern and southwestern border.

The total area of settle­

The frontier line had a total

The frontier line,

The Indians of the Gulf states had

who had long coveted them.

The rich bottom­

lands and the prairies of Arkansas had received

The

1820. A t the close of the second decade of

settlements in Kentucky and Tennessee had

the century nearly all of Ohio was settled, and

settlers, while

spread toward one another and joined, forming

population was working rapidly into southern

spread

a large and powerful community.

Indiana and

into southeastern

Civilization had obtained a foothold in Iowa

A long tongue of settlements had

and Wisconsin, and was gradually working

In Maine, settlement had enlarged its area

Missouri.

Illinois, and

in

Missouri

population

throughout nearly the

entire

had
state.

extended through central Alabama to the Gulf,

northward in Michigan.

In

inclosing between itself and the settled parts

settled areas in the

New Y ork emigration, moving westward along

of eastern Georgia the Creek and Cherokee

diminishing and disappearing.

the great gap of the Mohawk, between the

lands.

Adirondacks and the Catskills, had reached

held

central

the settled area of 1830 had been so far filled

Lake Ontario and spread down its eastern shore

Mississippi, but the southern part of the state

up as to shorten the frontier line to 3,300 miles.

and along the St. Lawrence, until it had reached

and

The area of settlement had increased to 807,292

Lake Champlain, and, joining the settlements

isolated parts of Arkansas, were in the hands

square

of Vermont, had

of the whites.

persons to a square mile, to 21.1.

but little.

In New Hampshire it had spread

northward, covering nearly the entire state.

region,

which

enclosed

has

the Adirondack

remained

wilderness until recently.

an

unbroken

From the settlement

The Choctaws
their

own

half of

in

and Chickasaws still
northern

Louisiana,

and

together with still

The unsettled, inclosed areas

Meantime the un­

interior

were

rapidly

The gaps between the projecting spurs of

miles, and the average number of
The center

in Pennsylvania and western Virginia were

of population in 1840 was in latitude 390 2'

greatly diminished.

and longitude 80° 10', having moved fifty-five

about the forks of the Ohio, in southwestern

The total settled area in 1820 was 508,717

miles during the decade in a direction slightly

Pennsylvania, settlements had spread north­

square miles, and the average density of settle­

north of west, to a point sixteen miles south

ward, forming a connected chain along the

ment 18.9 to a square mile.

of Clarksburg, W est Virginia.

western border of the state to Lake Erie.

had greatly increased in length, being not less

The frontier line

1850. The work of occupying the waste

The center of population

lands within the frontier line of 1840 went on

advanced, owing to the opposition of the Creeks

had moved westward fifty miles, with a south­

with speed during the decade, while a new

and Cherokees.

ward

frontier line had been pushed rapidly forward

In Georgia, settlement had not materially

The settled area at this date comprised
305,708 square miles, and the average popula­

than 4,100 miles.
movement

of six

miles, bringing it

sixteen miles north of Woodstock, Virginia, in

into the wilderness.

Texas had been admitted,

latitude 390 5 7 , and longitude 78° 33'.

bringing with it a considerable body of settle­

By the advance

1830. During the decade previous to 1830

ment, scattered sparsely over its eastern part,

and concentration of settlements, the western

the frontier line did not advance westward as

and the whites were pushing rapidly southward

frontier line had been shortened to 2,800 miles.

rapidly as before, but the energies of the people

down the Florida peninsula.

During the decade the center of population had

were devoted to settling up the vacant areas

wave of migration had been stayed at the

moved almost due west, a distance of forty-one

surrounded or partially occupied by population

border of the Indian territory and Missouri

miles, to a point eighteen miles west of Balti­

during previous decades.

territory, which formed as yet an impassable

more, in latitude 390i 6'.i , and longitude 76056.5.

Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi had been

barrier.

1810. A t the date of the third census still

crowded within narrower limits by the whites.

Missouri now remained unoccupied, and there

greater changes were seen, especially in the

Florida having been transferred to the United

had been marked progress northward in Iowa,

settled area west of the Appalachians.

The

States, the end of the decade found settle­

W isconsin and Michigan.

westward wave had spread over about three-

ments scattered all along its upper portion.

The discovery of gold in California, soon

fifths of Ohio.

Population had spread irregularly over the

after its acquisition from Mexico in 1848, had

three-fourths of Tennessee had been reclaimed

more accessible

produced an exodus to that El Dorado of a

from the wilderness.

There were, however,

pushed slowly up the Missouri river to the

magnitude

large areas in the mountain regions of New

western boundary of the state, and had spread

Within two years after the first discovery of

York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Tennessee and

northward in Indiana, Illinois and Michigan.

the golden sands in the tail-race of Sutter’s

tion was 17.4 to a square mile.

Nearly all of Kentucky and

North Carolina, as yet destitute of settlements.

portions

The Indian tribes in

of Arkansas,

had

The frontier line of 1830 measured 5,300

mill,

On the west the

Little of the states of Arkansas and

unparalleled

80,000

miners

in

and

modern

adventurers

times.

had

flocked to this land of promise.

The acquisition of the province of Louisiana,

miles, and inclosed an area of 632,717 square

early in the decade, was followed by a large

miles, with a density of population of 20.3 per

influx of the “A m ericain” who were so cor­

square mile.

dially hated by the Spanish-French residents,

a point

and who swarmed in, mainly from Kentucky,

Moorefield, W est Virginia, in latitude 38° 57'.9,

population

to take possession of the long-coveted outlet

and longitude 790 i 6'.9, having moved in the

miles southeast of Parkersburg, W est Virginia,

for their products.

decade thirty-nine miles in a direction slightly

in latitude 38° 59, and longitude 810 19', having

south of west.

moved fifty-five miles during the decade in a

The center of population had made, during

The center of population was at

nineteen

miles

west-southwest of

The settled area of 1850 comprised 970,249
square miles, with an average population of
23.7 to

each square mile.

The centre of

occupied a position

twenty-three

direction very slightly south of west.

the decade, a westward march of thirty-six

1840. Between 1830 and 1840 progress had

miles, with a southing of nearly six miles,

mainly taken the form, as during the decennial

i860. The tide of emigration had, by i860,

placing it in latitude 390 1L.5, and longitude

period preceding, of filling in areas previously

passed over into Missouri territory, the Kansas

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

xl

the present, had spread

while the fertile lands of the Red river and

decreased in productiveness during the decade,

northward in Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and

James river valleys, in Dakota and northwestern

but to agricultural and grazing interests.

Michigan, and made a great advance westward

Minnesota, attracted settlers in large numbers.

The progress of settlement in California

in Texas.

The strong current of emigration to

Settlements in Kansas and Nebraska having

was due to the same cause, as was also that

California continued, and great areas of the

reached a region where cultivation of the soil

in Oregon and Washington territory, which

foot-hills and of the valleys were reclaimed.

without artificial irrigation is extremely hazard­

brought within

ous, extended westward in long narrow ribbons,

whole valley west of the Cascade range.

and

Nebraska of

The settled area in i860 included 1,194,754

the settled area nearly the

square miles, the average density of settle­

following the main streams.

Numerous settlers

The length of the frontier line in 1880 was

ment of which was 26.3 to a square mile.

entered western Dakota, brought there by the

3,337 miles, embracing a settled area of no less

The center of population had made a giant

rich gold deposits of the Black Hills.

The

than 1,569,570 square miles— or more than

stride of eighty miles in a nearly due west

great increase of population in Montana and

one-half the total area of the United States,

direction, to a point twenty miles south of

Idaho was due, mainly, to agricultural progress,

excluding Alaska.

Chillicothe, Ohio, in latitude 390o'-4, and longi­

although mining played no small part in it.

settlement was thirty-two to the square mile,

tude 82° 48'.8.

W yom ing showed but a slight increase of

the slight increase of density over that of 1870

settled area, its best lands having been, until

being due to the fact that the population has,

recently, held by hostile Indians.

in this period of peace and rapid progress,

1870. In the interval from i860 to 1870,
the frontier line moved steadily westward over

The average density of

the great plains, to the west­

spread itself thinly over a

ern boundary of Minnesota,

vast extent.

and up the Big Sioux river in

population moved during the

southeastern Dakota, almost

decade, in a direction some­

encircling a small unsettled

what south of west, fifty-eight

area in northwestern Iowa

miles, to a point about eight

and adjoining part of Minne­

miles south of Cincinnati, in

sota;

through Kansas and

latitude 3904'.i and longitude

Nebraska it followed gener­

84° 39.7, which is but slightly

ally the course of the main

north of its position in i860.

streams, occupying the most

The center of

The accompanying map

fertile lands.

shows how closely the center

*

and

in

the

of population has followed

regions

of

the

the 39th parallel in its west­

West, as also on the Pacific

ward course, indicating the

In

Texas

mountain

nearly even

balance which has been

kept

coast, settlements increased but slowly, the

O f all the states and territories of the

effect of the Civil W ar being here especially

Cordilleran region, Colorado made the most

between the Northwest and the Southwest, in

apparent in arresting progress.

rapid strides.

rapidity of settlement.

During the earlier part of the

A distinct southward

decade it had a steady and rapid growth, due

tendency for forty years, was followed by a

decade previous to 1870, a distance of forty-two

largely to its agricultural interests.

The dis­

general but slighter northward tendency for

miles, in a direction about west-northwest, to

covery, however, in 1877, of the rich deposits

forty years, a turning point having been again

a position

east by north

of silver in the neighborhood of Leadville,

reached in 1870.

of Cincinnati, Ohio, in latitude 390 12', and

caused a stampede thither, only exceeded by

longitude 83°

that to California in 1849 and 1850.

The center of population moved, during the

forty-eight miles

This exceptional northward

movement was due, in part, to the check which
the population of the South received from the

New
change,

Mexico
except

and
in

the

The table below gives the position of the
center of population, and its westward move­

Arizona

show

little

rapid

extension

ment at each decade:

of

railroads, which may be expected to bring

census of 1870 was, to a considerable extent,

about a large increase of population within

incomplete as to the Southern states.

a few years.

The

area of settlement embraced 1,272,239 square

Utah presents a case dissimilar from that

miles, with an average density of 30.3 to the

of any of the other territories or states of the

square mile.

Cordilleran

region — an advance by steady,

1880. The decade ending with 1880 was

regular growth, without the excitement of

one of the most prosperous in the history of

mining “ stampedes” or speculation in lands.

the settlement of the United States.

This is due, in the main, to the character of the

In Maine the unsettled area was materially
narrowed.

In northern New York settlers

Mormon population, and to their occupations,
which are almost entirely agricultural.

The

began to press into the Adirondack wilderness.

mining interests of Utah are not very exten­

In Michigan the development of the lumber

sive, and its mines resemble the people in

industry largely increased the settled region,

being, in the main, safe, steady producers.

both upon the lower and upper peninsula.

The

Nevada shows a slight increase of settled

same cause operated to push the settlements

area as compared with

farther north, in Wisconsin

not to its mines which, on the whole, have

and Minnesota,

that of

1870, due,

Dt .
ae

N Lt u e
. a it d .

x79°..............
1800..............
1810..............
1820..............
1840..............
1850..............

i860..............
1870..............
1880..............

WLn it i
. og u

l6.I
1I*
5
5
-7
57-9

O /
II.2
76 56-5
7 37-2
7
7 33-°
8
7 16.9
9

2.0

•
G> .
«
H
>£«
£ §G
|r S o
U >Q
g WW
*1

80 18.0

O

M
0
0
C
O
0

Civil War, and, in part, to the fact that the

«

/

3
9
3
9
3
9
3
9
3
8
3
9
3
8
3
9
3
9
3
9

16.5

59-o
0.4
12.0
4.1

Miles.

76

81

41
36

5°
39
55
55

I9.O

81

82 48.8
83
84

42

35-7
39-7

58
457

The period of Californian settlement, from
1850 to i860, shows the greatest single west­
ward advance, and that of the Civil War, i860
to 1870, the greatest northward movement.

IPITCOGi-IFilESS

P la te 1 2

ORIGINAL GRANTS

N O TES.
E a r l y T e r r i t o r i a l G r a n t s . —B u t five o f th e original g ra n ts
a re in d icated , a n d th e se chiefly to show th e ir g re a t a re a and
th e e x te n t to w hich th e y ov erlap p ed . T he V irginia of 1609, th e
“ G reat P a te n t ” of 1620, an d th e C arolina o f 1663, c o v ered all
th e p re se n t a re a o f th e U n ited S ta te s e x c e p t th e e x tre m e n o rth
an d so u th , a n d g re a tly o v erlap p ed in a d d itio n ; h e n ce all la te r
c h a rte rs g ra n te d p o rtio n s o f th e sam e te rrito ry . T he follow ing
b rief d escriptions give th e lim its o f som e o f th e m ore im p o rta n t
g r a n ts :
V i r g i n i a , 1606 (not in d icated ), co n sisted of th re e p a rts . 1. The
g ra n t to th e London C om pany (South V irginia) from 34° to 38° N.
L at. 2. T he g ra n t to th e P ly m o u th C om pany (N orth Virginia) from
41° to 45° N. L at. 3. T he in te rv e n in g lands, w hich w e re open to

s e ttle m e n t b y e ith e r com pany. As these g ra n ts w e re n o t explicit
a s to th e w e ste rn lim it, th e V irginia of 1606 con sisted of a n indefinite
b e lt of la n d along th e coast, re a ch in g from th e e x tre m e n o rth of
th e c o a s t of M aine a lm o st to th e s o u th ern point o f th e c o a s t of
N o rth C arolina.
V i r g i n i a , 1609, w a s a strip stre tc h in g from th e A tla n tic to th e
Pacific. Its n o rth e rn b o u n d a ry line w as 200 m iles n o rth , a n d its
so u th e rn b o u n d a ry 200 m iles so u th of Old P o in t C om fort. (See m ap.)
“ G r e a t P a t e n t , ” 1620 (N ew E ngland), included all la n d s lying
be tw ee n 40° a n d 48° N . L at. (See m ap.)
M a s s a c h u s e t t s , 1629.—“ T h ree m iles so u th of th e riv e r C harles
a n d M assach u setts Bay, an d th re e m iles n o rth o f e v ery p a r t o f th e
M errim ac R iver, from th e A tlantic to th e Pacific.” (See m ap.)
C o n n e c t ic u t , 1631.—“ All th a t p a rt of N ew E ngland in A m erica,
extending in b re a d th 120 m iles as th e c o ast lieth, fro m th e N arrag an -

A u t h o r i t y . —T he O riginal C h arters
a n d H isto ric a l D escriptions.

s e tt R iver, to w a rd V irginia; a n d in lo ngitude from th e W este rn O cean
to th e S outh S e a .” (See m ap.)
C a r o l in a , 1662.— All lands lying b e tw e e n 31° and 36° N. L at.
(N o t indicated .) By a n o th e r a u th o rity , 1665.— F ro m 29° to 36° 30'
N . L a t. (See m ap.)
N e w Y o r k , 1664.—All lands lying b e tw ee n th e C onnecticut and
D e law a re R ivers. (N ot indicated.)
P e n n s y l v a n i a , 1681 (not in dicated).—T he te rrito ry “ w e st of th e
D e law a re R iv er,” w as g ra n te d to W illiam Penn. D elaw are w as in­
cluded in this g ra n t a n a k n ow n as “ th e lo w e r co u n tie s ” u n til 1669,
an d w a s u n d e r th e g o v ern m en t o f P ennsylvania n e a rly one h u n d re d
years, d eclaring h erself a s ta te in 1776.
G e o r g ia , 1732 (not in dicated).—All lands lying b e tw ee n th e A ltam a h a and S a v a n n ah rivers. In 1763, th is g ra n t w a s e x te n d e d to th e
St. M ary’s R iver.

COLONIAL TERRITORY,
SETTLED AREA,

jf

AND LOCATION OF FORTS,
’

(B ased on G o v ern m en t R ecords.)

ff

FuenCM j

F T .L e S u e u r

IOWA

NEB&

jV

IND,

Ft .Orleans

KANS.

KAPP4

s .o .
Ft.MOOKE*

O YAFJ
U

MISS.

\ v,
O'"*■C AP A t*y''olA
*fcr
___

) r5KGi
^a

(■HGYll
W R A FT.
E IC
fiuhEW FT.
S
illiam

■T.RO
SALlg.

iEO G FT.
R ES
>D O
lEG
jkpiCOLATA
l^MOQSA
b
HWt A G S
U U tinE

E X P L A N A T O R Y.

N O TES.
T e r r i t o r i a l C h a n g e s .—N ew H am pshire, R hode Island, N ew
Je rse y a n d D elaw are, a re th e o n ly sta te s w hose te rrito ry has re ­
m ained unch an g ed since 1776. T h a t of M aryland h as been ch an g ed
only by th e cession o f w h a t n o w c o n stitu tes th e D istrict of C olum ­
bia, an d th a t o f P ennsylvania only by th e accession of th e sm all tri­
an g le a t h e r n o rth w e s t co rn er.
C o lo n ia l C e s s io n s .—The Colonial C ongress, a t a n e arly d a te ,
u rg e d th e s ta te s h aving w ild w e ste rn la n d s to cede th e m to th e
g en eral g o v ern m en t fo r th e m u tu a l benefit o f all th e states.
N e w Y o r k . -M a rc h 1, 1781, N ew Y ork ceded h e r so u th w este rn
claim s. T hese included “ a ll lands lying b e tw ee n th e lo w e r o f th e
g re a t la k e s an d th e C um berland m o u n tain s.”
V i r g i n i a .— M arch 1, 1784, V irginia c ed ed h e r te rrito ry n o rth w e st
o f th e Ohio R iver, reserv in g all lan d s (6,570 sq u are m iles) lying b e­

tw e e n th e Scioto an d L ittle M iami R ivers, fo r m ilitary b o u n ty lands.
(See m ap, 1790.) In 1776, V irginia m a d e h e r te rrito ry so u th o f th e Ohio
R iver a county, nam ing it K e n tu ck y C ounty. In 1783, this c o u n ty
w as m ade a d istric t. In 1784, th e people of K en tu ck y D istric t asked
to b e m a d e a sta te . A long co n tro v e rsy follow ed, w hich prom ised
to re s u lt in fa v o r o f th e D istrict, w hen, in 1788, V irginia ratified th e
C onstitution of th e U n ited S ta te s, passing th e q u e stio n o v e r to the
ge n eral governm ent. In 1792, K e n tu ck y w a s adm itted .
M a s s a c h u s e t t s .— April 19,1785, M assach u setts ceded a ll h e r w e st­
e rn lands.
C o n n e c t ic u t .—Sep tem b er 14, 1786, C onnecticut ceded all h e r
la n d s lying w e st o f a p o in t lo c a ted 120 m iles w e st of P ennsylvania.
In 1792, she gave 500,000 a c re s in th e w e ste rn p a r t o f h e r “ W este rn
R eserve,” to c e rta in o f h e r citizens as com p en satio n fo r p ro p e rty
d e stroyed in th e R evolution. In 1795, sh e a lie n a te d th e re m a in d e r o f
h e r “ W este rn R eserve ” fo r $1,200,000.

S o u t h C a r o l i n a .— A ugust 19, 1787, S outh C arolina ceded all h e r
w e ste rn lands, being th e n a rro w strip , tw e lv e o r fo u rte e n m iles
w ide, w e st of h e r p re sen t te rrito ry .
N o r t h C a r o l in a .— Feb. 25,1790, N o rth C arolina c ed e d w h a t n o w
c o n stitu te s th e s ta te o f T ennessee.
G e o r g ia .—F e b ru a ry 5,1788, G eorgia offered to c ed e th e tr a c t
laid do w n on th e 1800 m ap a s th e “ T e rrito ry o f M ississippi.” Con­
gress re je c te d th e ofFer. April 24, 1802, she ceded all la n d s w e st of
h e r p re sen t lim its. In re tu rn , th e U nited S ta te s c eded to G eorgia th e
n a rro w strip on h e r n o rth e rn b o u n d a ry , w hich w a s a t th a t d a te
(1802) a p a rt of th e “ T e rrito ry so u th o f th e T ennessee.” (See 1800
m ap.) T h e U nited S ta te s also a g re ed to pay h e r th e p ro c e ed s o f
th e sale of c e rta in of h e r ceded lands to c o v er expenses co n n ected
th e re w ith ; so th a t besides th e strip on th e n o rth , G eorgia received
from th e U n ited S ta te s n e a rly $3,000,000.

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

B o u n d a r i e s .—T he heav y
color line sh o w s th e to ta l
a re a of th e U nited S ta te s in
1776, an d th e lig h t c olor lines
m a rk th e s ta te a n d te rrito ria l
divisions. T he black lines in­
d ic a te th e b o u n d a rie s o f the
s ta te s an d te rrito rie s in 1880.
S t a t e N a n te s in c olor
designate th e sev eral politi­
c a l divisions as o rganized in
1776, w h e re th e a re a differed
from th e a re a in 1880.
S h a d i n g . — T h e shading
o f th e m ap in d ic a tes th e u n ­
se ttle d p ortion, w hich fo r this
d a te is a p p ro x im a te , as no
census w as ta k e n u n til 1790.
F o r t 8 .—'T he lo catio n of
fo rts is ba se d u p o n th e m ap
used in th e s e ttle m e n t of
bou n d aries a t th e tr e a ty of
peace a t P aris, S ep tem b er 3,
1783.

PROGRESS

P late 13

AREA, S E T T L E M E N T
AND TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS.
(B ased on G overnm ent R ecords.)

fO tl
X
IOWA

N f;
EBR

'Va.\

IIH. V

KANS.

• r t f * UT^KK

EXPLANATO RY

Population, by States,
1790.
Rank

State

13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Del. ..
R .I—
G a .. . .
N .H ...
N .J. ..
Conn. S.C. ..
N .C ...
N .Y ...
R a ___
M ass..
V a .. ..

Population

59.096
68,825
82,548
141,885
184,139
237,946
249,073
319,728
393,751
425,545
434,373
475,327
747,610

N O TES.
A r e a o f 1 7 9 0 . —By th e T re a ty of P e a ce (1783), th e U nited
S ta te s acq u ired a large p o rtio n of th e Q uebec an d th e W est F lo rid a
o f 1776.
P u b l i c D o m a i n . —T he la n d s u n d e r th e c o n tro l of th e g eneral
g o v e rn m e n t consisted of fo u r p a rc e ls: 1. T he g re a t “ T e rrito ry
N o rth w e st o f th e Ohio River.'* 2. The D istric t o f K entucky. 3. The
“ T e rrito ry S outh of th e R iver O hio.” 4. The sm all trian g le n o rth ­
w e st of Pennsylvania.
S t a t e s . —'T he a re a s of c e rta in s ta te s w e re g re a tly re d u c e d by
th e ir cession o f w e ste rn lands. G eorgia still claim ed th e W est
F lo rid a a ddition, an d re fu se d to cede h e r w e ste rn lands. M ary­
land an d V irginia h a d ceded th e lands c o n stitu tin g th e original
D istric t of C olum bia. V erm o n t w a s still em b ra c ed in N ew Y ork,
a n d M aine in M assachusetts. (F or Colonial Cessions, see M ap of
1776.)

SCALE:
100,000 Population.
200,000

300,000
400,000
5 0 0 ,0 0 0

600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
1 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
,

Jb o u n d a r i e s . —The h eavy
color line show s th e to ta l
a re a of th e U nited S tates,
a n d th e n a rro w c olor lines
m a rk th e s ta te an d te rrito ria l
divisions a t this d a te . The
b l a c k lines in d ic a te t h e
boundaries o f th e s ta te s an d
te rrito rie s in 1880.
S t a t e N a m e s . —T he nam e
of a s ta te in co lo r in d icates
t h a t its a re a a t this d a te
differed fro m its a re a in 1880.
The n am es of all th e te rri­
to ries a re given in color.
D a t e s . —'T he figures given
in color u n d e r th e n a m e of a
s ta te in d ic a te th e d a te of its
adm ission.
S h a d i n g . —T he s h a d e d
p a rts of th e m a p in d icate a
to ta l a b sen ce of population,
o r a t m o st a p o p u la tio n of
less th a n tw o persons p e r
sq u are mile.
T h e S t a r (if) lo c a te s th e
c e n tre of populatio n a s d e ­
te rm in e d b y th e census.

AREA, S E T T L E M E N T ,
AND TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS.
(B ased on G overnm ent R ecords.)

neer}

IOWA

KANS.

M T ltV
KM

E X P L A N A T O R T.

Population, by States,
1800.
Rank

State

16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Del. ..
R .I. ..
T e n n ..
V t. . . .
G a----N .H ...
N .J. ..
K y ....
Conn.M d ....
S.C. ..
N.C. ..
M ass..
N .Y ...
P a .. ..
V a .. ..

Population

64,273
69,122
105 602
154,465
162,686
183,858
211,149
220,955
251,002
341,548
345,591
478,103
574,564
589,051
602,365
880,200

SCALE:
100,000 P o pulation.
200,000

300,000
400,000
5 0 0 ,0 0 0

600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
1, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

N O TES.
A r e a o f 1 8 0 0 . —T here h a d been n o ch an g e in a re a since 1790.
P u b l i c D o m a i n . — T h ree p a rc e ls : 1. T h e “ T e rrito ry N o rth ­
w e st o f th e Ohio R iver.” 2. T he T e rrito ry o f Indiana. 3. The S outh
C arolina cession, th e n k n o w n a s th e “ T e rrito ry S o u th o f T en n essee.”
S t a t e s . —K entucky, T ennessee a n d V e rm o n t h a d b e en a d m it­
ted. G eorgia still re fu se d to yield h e r w e ste rn lands, a lth o u g h she
h a d offered in 1788 to cede th e “ T e rrito ry of M ississippi.” M aine
w as still em b ra c ed in M assachusetts, a n d P en n sy lv an ia h a d a c ­
quired th e sm all trian g le lying n o rth w e st.
S e t t l e m e n t . —C onsiderable a d v a n c e h a d b een m a d e all along
th e line. The s e ttle d a re a o f K e ntucky h a d in c re a se d n e a rly fo u r­
fold since 1790. Som e of th e sm all settle m e n ts h a d been m erged a n d
n e w ones h a d b e en m ad e in th e fa r w est.

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS.

B o u n d a r i e s . —The h eavy
co lo r line show s th e to ta l
a re a of th e U n ited States,
an d th e n a rro w c olor lines
m a rk th e s ta te a n d te rrito ria l
divisions a t this d a te . The
b l a c k lines in d ic a te t h e
bou n d aries o f th e s ta te s and
te rrito rie s in 1880.
S t a t e N a m e s . —T he n am e
of a s ta te in c o lo r in dicates
th a t its a re a a t this d a te
differed fro m its a re a in 1880.
The n am es of a ll th e te rri­
to ries a re given in color.
D a t e s . —'T he figures given
in c olor u n d e r th e nam e of a
s ta te in d ic a te th e d a te of its
adm ission.
8 h a d i n g . —'T he s h a d e d
p a rts of th e m a p in d icate a
to ta l ab sen ce of population,
o r a t m o st a populatio n of
less th a n tw o persons p e r
sq u are mile.
T h e S t a r (if) lo c a tes th e
c e n tre of p o p u la tio n a s d e ­
te rm in e d by th e census.

N

PROGRESS

P la te 1 4

AREA, S E T T L E M E N T
AND TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS.
(Based on G overnm ent R ecords.)

IOWA

JC O S
/ T W*
V K KltO R '

iH
P

K a NS,

tenn.

. 1796

EXPLANATORY.

Population, by States,
1810.
scale:
Rank

State

17
16
15
14
13

Del. ..
R .I—
N .II.-V t. . . .
O h io ..
N .J . ..
G a ..- ,
T e n n ..
C onn..
Md. ..
K y ....
S.C. ..
N.C. ..
M ass..
Pa. . . .
N .Y ...
V a .. ..

1
2
1
1
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3

2
1

Population

72,674
76,931
214,460
217,895
230,760
245,562
252,433
261,727
261,942
380,546
406,511
415,115
555,500
700,745
810,091
959,049
974,600

N O TES,
A r e a o f 1 8 1 0 . —T he p u rc h a se of th e P rovince o f L ouisiana
fro m F ran c e in 1803, fo r $15,000,000, h a d m ore th a n d o u b le d th e a re a
o f th e U n ited States.
P u b l i c D o m a i n . —T h e re w e re six p arcels u n d e r th e c o n tro l of
th e G eneral G overnm ent, viz.: T he T e rrito rie s o f L ouisiana, Illinois,
Mississippi, In d ian a, O rleans, a n d M ichigan. In 1804 th e w h o le of
th e T e rrito ry o f L ouisiana w a s a d d e d to th e T e rrito ry o f In d ia n a
as it ex isted in 1800. I t w a s ta k e n a w ay , how ever, th e sam e year,
an d becam e th e D istrict o f Louisiana, a n d in 1805 th e T e rrito ry of
L ouisiana. The form ation of th e T e rritories of Illinois a n d M ichigan
le ft th e T e rrito ry of In d ia n a in tw o p a rts, w hich w e re s e p a ra te d by
Lake Michigan.
S t a t e s . —Ohio h a d b e en a d m itte d , th e only n e w s ta te since 1800.
H er n o rth e rn b o u n d a ry line w a s sev eral m iles so u th of th e p re s e n t
one. G eorgia had ceded h e r w e ste rn lands a n d e x te n d e d h e r a re a
to th e T ennessee line. M aine w a s still em braced in M assachusetts.
S e t t l e m e n t . —T h e a dvance h ad b een rapid, ow ing p a rtly to th e
control of th e navigation of th e Mississippi. F o u r u n s e ttle d sections
w ere le ft in th e s ettled a rea.

100,000 Population.
900,000
300,000
400,000
5 0 0 ,0 0 0

600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

B o u n d a r i e s . —The heavy
color line show s th e to ta l
a re a of th e U nited States,
and th e n a rro w color lines
m ark the s ta te and te rrito ria l
divisions a t this d ate. The
b l a c k lines in d ic a te t h e
boundaries o f th e s ta te s and
te rrito rie s in 1880.
S t a t e N a m e s . —'T he nam e
of a s ta te in color indicates
th a t its a re a a t this d a te
differed from its a re a in 1880.
The nam es of all th e te rri­
to ries a re given in color.
D a t e s . —The figures given
in color u n d e r th e n am e of a
s ta te in d icate th e d a te of its
admission.
S h a d i n g . —The s h a d e d
p a rts of th e m ap indicate
to ta l ab sen ce of population,
o r a t m o st a p o p u la tio n of
less th a n tw o persons p e r
sq u are mile.
T h e S t a r (if) lo cates th e
c e n tre of populatio n a s d e ­
term in ed by th e census.

AREA, S E T T L E M E N T
AND TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS.

—

(Based on G overnm ent R ecords.)

r «f a n
Mh
IC L
lewAr

IOWA

0

>
KANS.

te n n

;t i! Italtd’V

1796

.

E X P L A N A TO P T.

Population, by States,
1820.
SC ALE :
Rank

State

23 m ........

2 Del. ...
2
2 Miss.
1
2 R .I---0 Ala. ..
19
18
17
16
15
14
13

1
2
1
1
10
9
8
7
6

5
4
3

2
1

Ind. ..
La. . ..
v t . ...
N .II.-C onn.N .J. ..
M e.. . .
G a . ...
Md. ..
T e n n ..
S.C. ..
M ass..
Ky....
O h io ..
N .C ...
Pa. . . .
V a ....
N .Y ...

Population
55,162
72,749
75,448
83,015
127,901
147,178
152,923
235,966
244,022
275,148
277,426
298,269
340,985
407,350
422,771
502,741
523,159
564,135
581,295
638,829
1,047,507
1,065,116
1,372,111

100,000 P o p u latio n .
500,000
300,000
400,000
5 0 0 ,0 0 0

600,000
700

00
0

800.000
i INi

00
0
1,000 , 0 0 0
,100,000

1, 200,000

1,300,000
1,400,000
1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

N O TES.
A r e a o f 1 8 2 0 . —T h e a re a re m a in e d th e sam e a s in 1810.
P u b l i c D o m a i n . —T hree p arcels : T he T e rrito rie s of M issouri,
M ichigan a n d A rkansaw , a s in dicated.
S t a t e s —Six n e w s ta te s had been a d m itte d , in th e follow ing
o r d e r : Louisiana, In d ian a, M ississippi, Illinois, A labam a, an d
Maine.
S e t t l e m e n t . —T he n o rth w e s t b o rd e r h a d a d v an c e d m ate ria lly ,
an d s e ttle m e n t had e x te n d ed th ro u g h A labam a a n d Mississippi to
th e G ulf o f Mexico, w hile th e fo u r u n s e ttle d sections of 1810 still
rem ained.

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS.

B o u n d a r ie s
The h e a v y
color line show s th e to ti_
ta l
a re a of th e U nited S ta te s,
a n d th e n a rro w color lines
m a rk th e s ta te a n d te rrito ria l
divisions a t th is d a te . T he
b l a c k lines in d ic a te t h e
bou n d aries o f th e s ta te s an d
te rrito rie s in 1880.
S t a t e N a m e s . —The nam e
of a s ta te in co lo r in dicates
th a t its a re a a t th is d a te
differed fro m its a re a in 1880.
T he n am es o f all th e te rri­
to ries a re given in color.
D a t e s . —'T he figures given
in c olor u n d e r th e n am e of a
s ta te in d icate th e d a te of its
adm ission.
S h a d i n g . —T h e s h a d e d
p a rts of th e m a p in d icate a
to ta l ab sen ce of population,
o r a t m o st a p o p u la tio n of
less th a n tw o persons p e r
sq u are mile.
T h e S t a r (if) lo c a tes th e
c e n tre of p o p u la tio n a s d e ­
te rm in e d by th e census.

PBOG-EESS

P late 1 5

AREA, S E T T L E M E N T
A N D T E R R I T O R I A L D IV I S I O N S .

(B ased on G overnm ent R ecords.)

IOWA
1 0 * AS

nebr;

tenn.

1796

Population, by States
1830.
Rank State
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Population

76,748
Del. ..
97,199
R .I---136,621
Miss.
140,455
M o ..-157,445
i n ___
215,739
La. . . .
269,328
iN .H ...
280,652
|V t.
297.675
C onn..
309,527
Ala. .320,823
N .J. ..
343,031
Ind.
399,455
M e ....
M d .. . 447,040
516,823
G a .. . .
S .C .. - 581.185
610,408
M ass..
681,904
T e n n ..
687,917
K y .. ..
737,987
N.O. ..
937,903
Ohio .
V a .. . . 1,211,405
1,348,233
Pa.
IN .Y ... 1,918,608

E X P L A N A T O R Y.
R o u n d a r i e s .—The heav y
c o lo r line show s th e to ta l
a re a of th e U n ited S tates,
a n d th e n a rro w c olor lines
m a rk th e s ta te a n d te rrito ria l
divisions a t this d a te . The
b l a c k lines in d ic a te t h e
b o u n d a rie s o f th e s ta te s an d
te rrito rie s in 1880.
S t a t e N a m e s .—T he nam e
o f a s ta te in c o lo r in dicates
th a t its a re a a t th is d a te
differed fro m its a re a in 1880.
The n am es of a ll th e te r r i­
to rie s a re given in color.
D a t e s .—T he figures given
in color u n d e r th e n a m e of a
s ta te in d ic a te th e d a te of its
adm ission.
S h a d i n g .—T he s h a d e d
p a rts of th e m a p in d icate a
to ta l ab se n c e o f population,
o r a t m o st a p o p u la tio n of
less th a n tw o persons p e r
sq u are mile.
T h e S t a r ( * ) lo c a tes th e
c e n tre of p o p u la tio n a s d e ­
te rm in e d by th e census.

SCA LE

100,000 P opulation

200
0,00

300,000
400,000
5 0 0 ,0 0 0

000
0,00
700,000
800,000
900,000

N O TES.
A r e a o f 1 8 3 0 .—T he p u rc h a se of “ T h e F lo rid a s ” fro m Spain
fo r $5,000,000, in 1821, com pleted th e e a s te rn c o a s t line, e x te n d e d th e
g u lf line t o th e m o u th o f th e Sabine R iver, a n d a d d e d a n a re a of
59,268 sq u are m iles.
P u b l i c D o m a i n .—The T e rrito rie s o f M ichigan a n d A rk an saw
re m a in e d u n c h an g e d . T h e S ta te of M issouri h a d b e en ta k e n from
th e T e rrito ry o f M issouri. T he T e rrito ry o f F lo rid a h a d b e en added.
S t a t e s .—M issouri w a s a d m itte d in 1821.
S e t t l e m e n t . —'T he a re a h a d g re a tly in creased , e x te n d in g w ell
in to M ichigan, Illinois, M issouri, A labam a, a n d G eorgia, a n d th ro u g h
th e T e rrito ry of A rkansaw .
R a i l w a y s .—F o u r s h o rt ra ilw a y s h a d b e en b u ilt, a s ind icated
b y a rro w s. (A uthority, H enry Stone, o f “ P o o r’s M anual o f R ail­
ro a d s.” ) T he first p a sse n g er tra in ra n fro m A lbany to S chenectady
in 1831. T o ta l m ileage, 23.

1,0 0 0
0 ,0 0
1, 100.000
1, 200,000

1,300,000
1,400,000
1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

ARE A, S E T T L E M E N T
A N D T E R R I T O R I A L D IV I S I O N S .

(B ased on G overnm ent R ecords.)

William.

IOWA

*

K A N S^

TENN.
1796
ARK.

1836
U nion "Point'

MISS.
1817

TiW
ee
n

, "Wooflville

Population, by States,
1840.
SC A LE :

Rank State
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Del. ..
A r k .. .
R .I—
M ich ..
N .H ...
V t. . . .
C onn..
La. . . .
N .J. ..
Miss. .
M o.. . .
Md. ..
i n ___
M e ....
Ala.
S.C. -Ind. ..
G a .. . .
M ass..
N.C. ..
K y ....
T e n n ..
V a .. . .
O h io ..
Pa. --.
N .Y ...

Population

78,085
97,574
108,830
212,267
284,574
291,948
309,978
352,411
373,306
375,651
383,702
470.019
476,183
501,793
590,756
594,398
685,866
691,392
737,699
753,419
779,828
829,210
1,239,797
1,519,467
1,724.033
2,428,921

E X P R A N A TO R Y.

100,000 P o p u latio n .

20 0
0,00
300,000

400,000

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000

1,0 0 0
0 ,0 0
1 , 100,000
1 , 200,000

1,300,000
1,400,000
1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

1,600,000
1,700,000

N O TES.
A r e a o f 1 8 4 0 .—T h e sam e a s t h a t o f 1830.
P u b l i c D o m a i n . —T he “ In d ia n C ountry ” an d th e T e rrito rie s
of Io w a, W isconsin, a n d F lorida. In 1834 th e T e rrito ry o f M ichigan
e m b raced , in a d d ition to its a re a o f 1830, th e T e rrito ry o f Io w a as
h e re in d ic a ted . In 1836 th e T e rrito ry o f W isconsin m clu d ed th e
T e rrito ry of Io w a (1840), b u t in 1838 i t w as re d u c e d to th e lim its
show n o n th is m ap.
S t a t e s . —A rk an sas an d M ichigan h a d b e e n a d m itte d ; Ohio and
M issouri h a d b e en e x te n d ed t o th e ir p re s e n t a re a.
S e t t l e m e n t .—The “ In d ia n C o u n try ” h a d c h ec k e d th e ad v an c e
w e stw a rd ; b u t a ll of Ohio, V irginia, a n d A lab am a h a d b een settled ,
an d n e a rly all o f In d ian a, Illinois, M ississippi, L ouisiana, and
G eorgia; w hile fu r th e r in ro a d s h a d b e en m a d e u p o n M ichigan,
A rkansas, an d Florida.
R a i l w a y s .—S everal ad d itio n a l ra ilw a y s h a d b e en b u ilt, b u t
only one of c o nsiderable length. (A uthority, H en ry Stone.) T o ta l
m ileage, 2,818.
COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

R o u n d a r i e s .—T he h eavy
c o lo r line show s th e to ta l
a re a of th e U n ite d S tates,
a n d th e n a rro w color lines
m a rk th e s ta te a n d te rrito ria l
divisions a t this d a te . The
b l a c k lines in d ic a te t h e
bou n d aries o f th e s ta te s and
te rrito rie s in 1880.
. S t a t e N a m e s . —T h e nam e
of a s ta te in co lo r in d ic a tes
th a t its a re a a t th is d a te
differed fro m its a re a in 1880.
The n am es o f all th e te r r i­
to rie s a re given in color.
D a t e s . —'T he figures given
in c olor u n d e r th e n a m e of a
s ta te in d ic a te th e d a te of its
adm ission.
S h a d i n g . —'T he s h a d e d
p a rts o f th e m a p in d ic a te a
to ta l ab sen ce o f population,
o r a t m o st a p o p u la tio n of
less th a n tw o persons p e r
sq u are mile.
T h e S t a r (rk) lo c a tes th e
c en tre of po p u la tio n a s d e ­
te rm in e d b y th e census.

PEOG-EESS

P late 1 6
I n d i a n s .—T h e location of
trib e s is ta k e n fro m C aptain
E a stm a n ’s m ap, p re p a re d u n ­
d e r th e d irectio n o f th e Gov­
ern m en t, a n d published (1852)
in Vol. III. o f S ch o o lcraft’s
“ In d ian H isto ry .”

AREA, S E T T L E M E N T ,
AN D T E R R IT O R IA L DIVISION S.
J

R A I L W A Y S .

(B ased on G overnm ent R ecords.)

A

MpUorA

Jdaurh Chunk-,
AiUu^r^
St.Charlc*

fa Wn w'i
» >S

IND. B.

uiapoU *\Z*
*
E
d>n',ur*

>oos

rvANDOTS
VN£ES

.-^A fA
V ^j
: Tfct-rJUttj:y*T*t of tbr
3 **s
M

strife?

-

,A K S aa wtA»
N Am |^|0
A IS 1821
M

Eic'"n0t

^ KASKASKIAS
*• OTTAWAS
OU/ °AWR

,t n.cv^ a
f
tenn.
Chattanoog*

CA”1
ou '

TuK""'11
1*

A tbea*.

'***& $
%
r\e»u,n;
a la.

jH
uotgom
ery

Population, by States,
1850,
Rank

State

Population

31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

F la. . .
Del. ..
Cal. ..
lt.I ---Io w a .
A rk ...
T e x ...
W is .. .
V t. . . .
N.H._.
C onn..
M ich ..
N . J . ..
La. . . .
M d.„_
M e ....
Miss. .
S.C .. .
M o ....
Ala. ..
n i .......
N .C ...
G a.. ..
K v ....
Ind. . .
M ass..
T en n ..
V a .. ..
O h io ..
Pa. . . .
N .Y ...

8a'»»nI

Br»u«l°n

"Vick nburi

A oodville
V

SC ALE:

100,000 Pop u latio n .

87,445
91,532
82,597
147,545
192,214
209,897
212,592
305,391
314,120
317,976
370,792
397,654
489,555
517,762
583,034
583,169
606,526
668.507
682,044
771,623
861,470
869,039
906,185
982,405
988,416
994,514
1,002,717
1,421,661
1,980,329
2,311,786
3,097,394

20 0
0,00

300,000

E X T L A N A TO R T.

400,000

J E to u n d a r ie s .—T he heavy
c o lo r line show s th e to ta l
a re a of th e U nited S tates,
a n d th e n a rro w color lines
m a rk th e s ta te a n d te rrito ria l
divisions a t this d a te . The
b l a c k lines in d ic a te t h e
bou n d aries o f th e s ta te s and
te rrito rie s in 1880.
S t a t e N a m e s . —T he nam e
of a st&te in co lo r in dicates
t h a t its a re a a t this d a te
differed fro m its a re a in 1880.
T he n am es of all th e te rri­
to rie s a re given in color.
D a t e s .—T he figures given
in c olor u n d e r th e n am e of a
s ta te in d ic a te th e d a te of its
adm ission.
S h a d i n g .—The s h a d e d
p a rts of th e m a p in d ic a te a
to ta l ab se n c e of population,
o r a t m o st a p o p u la tio n of
less th a n tw o persons p e r
sq u a re mile.
T h e S t a r Ofc) lo c a tes th e
c e n tre of po p u la tio n a s d e ­
te rm in e d b y th e census.

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
1 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
,

1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

2 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

2 ,5 0 0 , 0 0 0

N O TES.
A r e a o f 1 8 5 0 . —The a n n ex a tio n o f T exas in 1845, a n d th e
M exican Cession of 1848 (consideration $15,000,000), a d d e d an a re a
g re a te r th a n th e original a re a o f 1783.
P u b l i c D o m a i n . — The organized T e rrito rie s o f Oregon, U tah,
N ew M exico, and M innesota, th e “ In d ia n C o u n try ,” a n d th e sm all u n ­
organized te rrito ry n o rth w e st of it.
S t a t e s . — Florida, T exas, Io w a, W isconsin, a n d C alifornia h a d
been a d m itte d . In 1850 T exas, fo r a co n sid eratio n o f $10,000,000,
released th e G eneral G overnm ent fro m c e rta in pledges a n d ceded
h e r n o rth w e s te rn lands. (See m a p o f 1840.) T h e line A B C D in­
d ic a tes th e n o rth e rn an d w e ste rn boundaries o f Io w a a t th e d a te o f
h e r first a d m issio n ; h e r p re s e n t lim its w e re fixed in 1846.
S e t t l e m e n t . — W ith th e ex cep tio n of M ichigan, W isconsin, Iow a,
F lorida, T exas, a n d C alifornia, a lm ost th e to ta l a re a of th e s ta te s
h a d been occupied. T here is no d a ta b y w hich to d e te rm in e th e
s e ttle m e n t of th e n ew ly acq u ired te rrito ry p rio r to 1850.
R a i l w a y s . —M any of th e original ro a d s h a d b e en connected
by n e w links, m aking a n u m b e r of im p o rta n t lines. S ta tis tic s :
Miles built, 6,203; p e rc e n t, of increase, 220.12; to ta l m ileage, 9,021.
T he m ap exh ib it is based on th e R eport of P ostal R outes fo r 1850.

t,0 0 0
0 ,0 0

I n d i a n s .—S earch o f th e
G o v ern m ent re c o rd s discovers
n o m a p o f th e lo catio n of
trib es in 1860.

AREA, S E T T L E M E N T
A N D T E R R I T O R I A L D IV I S I O N S .

(B ased on G overnm ent R ecords.)

La Cruuel

i

Culumbu«#

AVatrft*. Haven.

Mineral
ilence

Cellar Rapids

•pr a
ffl

JOWA

[ 4 5 Iowa C ity * —
Washington

_

OUum»»t —
Bentonsport » v

^rkersburfi
Quinejr
piourh
KANS.

'C entral

Cairo’
Charleston*’
i>

P aris

Newton

Nashville

larksville
-

Knoxville
,M M 1
c int*™

%U& c.ty

Colum bia,'

t, M'n,

H
uWic,,
Madison •-*
Athens

‘ atonton

Talladef

Population, by States,
1860.

Vicksbui
Grand On
Port Gibi

SC ALE :
Rank

State

Oreg.
Del. ..
F la. . .
M inn..
R.

V t. ..
N .H ..
Cal. .
A rk .. .
Conn.Tex.
M e ....
N .J. . .
Io w a
M d ....
S. C. . .
L a ....
Mich
W is ...
Miss.
Ala. .
N .C ..
G a ...
Tenn.
K y ....
M o...
Mass.
Ind. .
V a ...
111___
Ohio..
P a . ...
N .Y ...

Population

52,465
112,216
140,424
172,023
174,620
I—
315,098
326,073
379,994
435,450
460,147
604,215
628,279
672,035
674,913
687.049
703,708
708,002
749,113
775,881
791,305
964,201
992,622
1,057,286
1,109,801
1,155,684
1,182,012
1,231,066

l,a50,428
1,596,318
1,711,951
2,339,511
2,906,215
3,880,735

ore«(

W
eston

Selma1
Jreenville J

•A
lbany

100,000 P o p u la tio n ,

Tallahassee

200,000

300,000
E X T L A N A T O R T.

700,000
800,000
900,000

1,0 0 0
0 ,0 0
A r e a o f I 8 6 0 . —T h e G adsden P u rc h a se (1853), fo r $10,000,000,
ad d ed a n a re a of 45,535 sq u are miles.
T u b l i e D o m a i n .—T h e T e rrito rie s o f N e b ra sk a , N ew M exico,
U tah, W ashington, K ansas, an d M innesota, th e “ In d ia n C o u n try ,”
a n d the sm all unorganized tr a c t n o rth w e s t of it.
S t a t e s . —M innesota a n d O regon h a d been a d m itte d .
S e t t l e m e n t . —T he a d v an c e a lo n g th e w estern a n d n o rth w e s te rn
fro n tie r had been m a rk e d , a n d even m ore m a rk e d in T exas and o n th e
Pacific C oast, w hile th e A d iro n d a c k region w a s th e only tr a c t in th e
s e ttle d a re a le ft u noccupied.
R a i l w a y s .—T he co n stru ctio n h a d b e en re m a rk a b le , especially
in Ohio, Indiana, an d Illinois. S ta tis tic s : Miles b uilt, 21,614; p er
cen t, o f increase, 239.60; to ta l m ileage, 30,635. T he m a p e x h ib it is
based on th e re p o rt of P o sta l R o u te s fo r 1860.

1, 100,000

1 200,000

1,300,000
1,400,000
1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

1,600,000
1,700,000
1,800,000
1,900,000
I

2 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

2 ,5 0 0 , 0 0 0

3 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0
3 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

I
COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

l i o u n d a r i e s .—T he heavy
c olor line show s th e to ta l
a re a of th e U n ited S tates,
a n d th e n a rro w color lines
m a rk th e s ta te an d te rrito ria l
divisions a t this d a te . T he
b l a c k lines in d ic a te t h e
bou n d aries o f th e s ta te s an d
te rrito rie s in 1880.
S t a t e N a m e s . —T he nam e
of a s ta te in co lo r in dicates
th a t its a re a a t th is d a te
differed fro m its a re a in 1880.
T he n a m e s o f a ll th e te rri­
to ries a re given in color.
D a t e s .—T he figures given
in color u n d e r th e n am e of a
s ta te in d ic a te th e d a te o f its
adm ission.
S h a d i n g . —T he s h a d e d
p a rts of th e m a p indicate
to ta l ab se n c e of population,
o r a t m o st a p o p u la tio n of
less th a n tw o persons p e r
sq u are mile.
T h e S t a r ( * ) lo c a tes th e
c e n tre of po p u la tio n a s d e ­
te rm in e d by th e census.

\

PROGRESS

P late 17

I n d i a n s . —T he lo catio n o f
trib e s is ta k e n from th e m ap
accom panying th e “ R eport of
th e Com m issioner o f Indian
A ffairs ” fo r 1870.

AREA, S E T T L E M E N T ,
AND TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS.
A

R A I L W A Y S -

K •-l.:.•-•• ■
.~[

’• rJr;‘v
wI****-'.:
tf t:
p

(B ased on G overnm ent R ecords.)

c.5*i^w>.Sr
.Lowvitte

C'vtXT*
:?A^b
'£!

Eau Claire

'^Mx^no. y*k •

•y^S'^yA^g.t^Q.
E lflora

IOWA.
NEBR.-

; Union

* Savannah
H illabo,

Burlingame

incheater
• Richm ond

*M »diaontille.
B axter Spring!

State

N e v ...
O re g ..
N e b r..
Del. ..
F la . ..
R .I---N .H ...
v t . ...
K a n s..
M inn..
W. Va.
A rk. ..
C onn..
Cal. ..
M e ....
S.C. ..
La. . . .
M d.. . .
T e x . ..
Miss. .
N .J. ..
Ala. ..
Wis. ..
N.C. ..
M ich..
Ga. . . .
Io w a ..
[V a .. . .
T e n n ..
K y .—
M ass..
Ind. ..
M o ....
111.......
O h io ..
Pa. . . .
1 N .Y ...

37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
89
88
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2

Population

42,491
90,923
122,993
125,015
187,748
217,353
318,300
330,551
364,399
439,706
442,014
484,471
537,454
560,2471
626,915
705,606
726,915
780,894
818,579
827,922
906,096
996,992
1,054,670
1,071,361
1,184,059
1,184,109
1,194,080
1,225,163
1,858,580
1,321,011
1,457,351
1,680,637
1,721,295
2,539,891
2,665,260
3,521,951
4,382,759

lCnoxtiUe^

ARK.
1836

Population, by States,
1870.
Rank

W illiamahurg*.

Buffington'

T,

iuAphur

SCALE:
100,000 Population.

P ort Caddoj
M an b aU e.

200
0,00

300,000
.Calvert

400,000
5 0 0 ,0 0 0
Columhui

600,000

E X P L A N A T O B T.

Columbia^

700,000

B o u n d a r i e s .—T he heavy
c o lo r line show s th e to ta l
a re a of th e U n ited S tates,
an d th e n a rro w color lines
m a rk th e s ta te a n d te rrito ria l
divisions a t this d a te . The
b l a c k lines in d ic a te t h e
boundaries o f th e s ta te s and
te rrito rie s in 1880.
S t a t e N a m e s . —T he nam e
of a s ta te in c o lo r in dicates
th a t its a re a a t th is d a te
differed fro m its a re a in 1880.
The nam es of all th e te rri­
to ries a re given in color.
D a t e s .—T he figures given
in c olor u n d e r th e n am e of a
s ta te in d ic a te th e d a te o f its
adm ission.
S h a d i n g . —T he s h a d e d
p a rts of th e m a p in d icate a
to ta l ab sen ce of population,
o r a t m o st a p o p u la tio n of
less th a n tw o persons p e r
sq u a re mile.
T h e S t a r (if) lo c a te s th e
c e n tre of p o p u la tio n a s d e ­
te rm in e d by th e census.

800,000
900,000
N O TES.
A r e a o f 1 8 7 0 . — The p u rch ase o f A laska (1867) fo r $7,200,000.
a d d e d 577,390 sq u are miles, m aking th e to ta l a re a o f th e U nited
S ta te s m ore th a n fo u r tim es th a t of 1783.
P u b l i c D o m a i n . —O rganized : T h e T e rrito rie s of W ash in g to n ,
M ontana, D ak o ta, Idaho, W yoming, U tah, C olorado, A rizona, a n d
N ew Mexico. U n o rg a n iz ed : T h e “ In d ia n C o untry ” a n d th e sm all
tr a c t n o rth w e s t of it.
S t a t e s . —K ansas, W est V irginia, N evada, a n d N e b ra sk a h a d
been a d m itte d , in th e o rd e r given.
S e t t l e m e n t . —C onsidering th e fo u r y e ars o f Civil W a r th e
progress h a d been re m a rk a b le ; n o t only h a d th e fro n tie r a d v an c e d
in all directions, b u t th e w e ste rn settle m e n ts h a d in creased largely
in a rea.
B a i l w a y s . —T he g re a t a chievem ent w a s th e building of th e first
railw ay to th e Pacific. S ta tis tic s : M iles b uilt, 22,279; p e r cen t, of
increase, 72.72; to ta l m ileage, 52,914.

1 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
,
1, 100,000
1, 200,000

1,300,000
1,400,000
1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

1,600,000
-n
MO 000

000 000

500

00
0

I n d i a n s .—T he lo catio n o f
trib es is ta k e n fro m th e m ap
acco m p an y in g th e “ R ep o rt of
th e C om m issioner o f In d ian
Affairs ” fo r 1880.

0 00 0
0 0

AREA, S E T T L E M E N T ,
AND TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS.
R A I L W A Y S .

fr.U*r~,i.3

•,F ;»y.E
O .
I

(Based on G overnm ent R ecords.)

l.

R

O
it:

- KWT
pT c )
e

> C COURT,

OKEiLLEj

OfO

\ W .r to v

iVWEtJAO#;. .. .-■
■

NEBR

„

,

.iflS s J R *

r;.ydw. •,

ell,.* W
eaton

T t;

V

Cl"0<
i»oH
W arsaw

''Cuv ingtc

(CREEl

A.Cov*.

Population,by States,
1880.
Rank

State

38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23

N e v ...
Del. ..
O re g ..
Colo. .
Fla. ..

22
21
20

R .I ....
V t. . . .

N .II.-N eb r..
W. Va.
C onn..
M e ....
M inn..
A rk ...
Cal. . .
Md. ..
L a ....
S.C. ..
K a n s..
N .J. -.
Miss. .
Ala. ..
W is...
N .C ...
V a .. ..
G a .. . .
T en n ..
T e x ...
Io w a ..
M ich..

19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8 K y ....
7 M ass..
6 In d . ..
5 M o ....
4 m .......
3 O hio. 2 P a ....
1 N .Y ...

Population

62,266'
146,608
174,768
194,327
269,493
276,531
332,286
346,991
452,402
618,457
622,700
648,936
780,773
802,525
864,694
934,943
939,946
995,577
996,096
1,131,116
1,131,597
1,262,505
1,315,497
1,399,750
1,512,565
1.542,180
1,542,359
1,591,749
1,624,615
1,636,937
1,648,690
1,783,085
1,978,301
2,168,380
3,077,871
3,198,062
4,282,891
5,082,871

SC ALE:

^CSCAl^ oJ
O,

100,000 P o p u la tio n .

200
C,00

Gaine*vTTl?».

SloOlj

Stock Yard s,
Cisco

I Shrevrport

Irthage M:
<
>
t r*« n....

300,000

i lartio

'r » y /
Clajfto*

’Houie

Arlingta

Bamhrn

400,000
Georgetown

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

000
0,00

P a ttiso r

700,000

£ntervr,*
e;
Tuskawill^*

800,000
900,000

,0 0 0
0 ,0 0
1, 100,000
1,200,000

1,300,000
1,400,000
1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

1,600,000

NO TES.
A r e a o f 1 8 8 0 . — T he sam e as th a t of 1870.
P u b l i c D o m a i n . —T here h a d b een no change ex ce p tin g th a t
m a d e by th e adm ission of C olorado.
S t a t e s . —C olorado b ecam e a s ta te in 1876.
S e t t l e m e n t . —P rogress had b e en ge n eral a n d rapid, a n d th e
fro n tie r e x te n d e d in a n a lm o st d ire c t lin e acro ss th e e n tire c o u n try
from n o rth to south. In th e preceding m aps, th e s e ttle d a re a s a re
show n a s in th e e arlie r census m aps, a n d e v id e n tly e m b ra c e m any
sm all settlem e n ts. On th is m ap th e y a re d ra w n o n a d ifferen t plan.
(See n o te, m ap of T o ta l P opulation.)
.
B a i l w a y s .—Considering th e g re a t financial pan ic o f 1873, th e
g ro w th h a d been a stounding. S ta tis tic s: M iles b u "
cent, of increase, 73.76; to ta l m ileage, 91,944.

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBls IR ’S SONS.

E X P L A N A T O B T.
B o u n d a r i e s .—The heavy
color line show s th e to ta l
a re a of th e U nited States,
a n d th e n a rro w co lo r lines,
as w ell as th e b la c k lines,
m ark th e s ta te an d te rrito ria l
divisions a t this d a te .
D a t e s .—T he figures given
in color u n d e r th e n am e of a
s ta te in d icate th e d a te of its
adm ission.
S h a d i n g . — The s h a d e d
p a rts of th e m a p in d ic a te a
to ta l ab se n c e of population,
o r a t m o st a p o p u la tio n of
less th a n tw o persons p e r
sq u are mile.
T h e S t a r (if) lo c a tes th e
c e n tre of p o p u la tio n a s d e­
te rm in e d b y th e census.

P

la te

18

P

IN

<
PO PU LA .

STA TE NAME.

R A N K IN
SIZE .
Total Population.

The population per square mile as here given varies in
som e cases from the corresponding figures in the “ Com­
pendium o f the Tenth Census.” Such differences are due
to the fact that account is here taken o f changes in the
area of certain States.
The original thirteen States are indicated throughout
this chart by tinted diagrams.

AT EACH UNITED STATES CENSUS.

(Pop. per Sq. M.

R A N K IN
SIZE.
T'
S tate and Date o f Admission

7 th C e n s u s .

8 th C e n su s.

9 th C e n su s.

1850.

I86 0 .

1870.

1 DELAWARE ______ .........December 7, 1787

' i . N ew Y ork.
y 44. 3,097,394 (6 5 .9 ).y

2 PENNSYLVANIA___ ___ D ecember 12, 1787

‘ 2. Pennsylvania?
y 47. 2,311,786 ( 5 1 .4 ) ..

R atified the Constitution.

f

3. Ohio.
49. 1,980,329

3 SEW JERSEY_____ ___ D ecember 18, 1787

y

4 G EORGIA--. .........

' 4 . V irginia.
y 4. 1,421,661 (2 1 .9 ).y

5 CONNECTICUT____ ...........Jan u ary 9, 1788

y 48.

6 MASSACHUSETTS-.- ......... F ebruary 6, 1788

' 6. M assachusetts
y27. 994,514 (123.7). y

7 MARYLAND______ ______ A pril 28, 1788

' 7. Indiana.
y24.. 988,416 (27.5).

,

8 SOUTH CAROLINA.. ........... ..M a y 23, 1788

' 8. K entucky.
y 2 o. 982,405 (24.6).

.

9 NEW HAMPSHIRE-. ..............-J a n e 21, 1788

' 9. Georgia.
y 5. 906,185 (15.4).

y

10 VIRGINIA_________ ...............Ju n e 25, 1788

'1 0 . N. Carolina.
y43. 869,039 (17.9).

,

(48.6).

' 5. Tennessee.
1,002,717 (2 4 .0 ).y

'1 1 . Illinois.
11

...............J u ly 26, 1788

NEW YORK_______

y

7.

851,470 (15.2).

y

12 NORTH CAROLINA.. ..N o v e m b er 21, 1789

'1 2 . Alabama.
k 42. 771,623 (1 4 .9 )

y

13 RHODE ISL A N D ...- ...............May 29, 1790

'1 3 . M issouri.
y 3. 6 82,044 (9 .9 ).

y

1 4 VERMONT............ .............M arch 4, 1791

'1 4 . S. Carolina.
y22. 6 68,507 (22.2).

y

15 KENTUCKY_______ .................Ju n e 1, 1792

r 1 5 . M ississippi.
y 45. 606,526 (1 3 .1 ).

1

16 TENNESSEE ______

'1 6 . Maine.
y23. 583,169

(19.5).

j

17 OHIO ___________ — N ovem ber 29, 1802

' 17. M aryland.
y 24. 583,034 (5 9 .1 ).

y

18 LOUISIANA............... ______ A pril 30, 1812

'1 8 . Louisiana.
y46. 517,762 (1 1 .4 ).

1

19 INDIANA _________

'1 9 . New Jersey. '
y28. 4 89,555 (65.7). y

A dm ission took effect.

'

’

'2 0 . M ichigan.
20 M ISSISSIPPI ______ . . . D ecember 10, 1817

y

21 ILLINOIS ________ ___ December 3, 1818

'2 1 . Connecticut. '
i 29. 3 70,792 (76.5). y

22 ALABAMA................

'2 2 . N .H am pshire?
y 26. 817,976 (3 5 .3 ). y

23 MAINE __________ .............M arch 15, 1820

'2 3 . V erm ont,
y 2 5 . 314,120 (34.4).

y

24 MISSOURI_______

'2 4 . W isconsin.
y 9 . 305,391 (5.6).

y

25 ARKANSAS_______ ...............Ju n e 15, 1836

j

’

k

4.

2 12,592

(0 .8 )

2 6 . A rkansas.

k 44.

209,897 (3 .9 ).

y

'
y

March 8. 1845;
with enlarged be

JSSS?

Dec. 28, 1846

_______ May 29, 1848

31 CALIFORNIA....... . ___ Septem ber 9,1850

'

i

28 TEXAS __________ __ December 29, 1845

30 WISCONSIN_______

397,654 (6.9).

'2 7 . Iowa.

27 FLORIDA ...............

29 TfilVl,
tU lia

6.

'2 5 . Texas.

'

26 MICHIGAN_______ ........ Jan u a ry 26, 1837

y

33 OREGON__________

34 KANSAS___________ ____ Jan u ary 29, 1861

35 WEST V IR G IN IA . - . .............. J u n e 19, 1863

36 NEVADA_________ ____ October 31, 1864

37 NEBRASKA ............... ______ M arch 1, 1867

38 COLORADO_______ ...........A ugust 1, 1876

8.

192,214 (3 .5 ).

'2 8 . Rhode Id.
l

34.

’

147,545 (136.0). y

'2 9 . California.

'

k

y

2.

92,597 (0.6).

'3 0 . Delaware.
l

30.

9 1,532 (4 6 .7 ).

'3 1 . Florida.
l

32 MINNESOTA_______

18

Notes.

Explanatory Diagram.
R A N K

la te

40.

8 7 ,4 4 5 (1.6).

'
j

\
j

1 0 th C e n s u s .

1880.

PROGRESS

P la t e 1 9

GROWTH OF STATES IN POPULATION.
(Based on the Several Census Reports.)

The Original Thirteen States, in Order of Rank
in Population at the Census
of

1880.

INDEX.
A l a . . .22 Miss. .20
A r k .. .25 M o.-- .24
Cal. - .81 N ebr. .37
Colo. .38 N ev .. .36
Conn. . 4 N .H .. . 3
Del. . 1 N .J. . . 7
Fla. . .27 N .Y .. .13
G a.. . .1C N .C .. . 8
111. . . .21 O hio. .17
ln d . . .19 Oreg. .33
Io w a .28 P a . .. .12
Kans. .34 K .I... . 2
K y ... .14 S.C. . 6
La. .. 18 Tenn. .16
M e... 23 T e x .. .29
Md. . 5 V t. . . .15
Mass. .11 Va. . 9
Mich. .26 W .V a 35
Minn. .32 W is .. .30

100,000 P o p u la tio n .

20 0
0,00

300,000
400,000
3 ,0 0 0

600,000
700.000
800,000

000
0.00

1, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
1, 100,000
1,200,000

1,300,000
1,400,000
1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

1,600,000
1,700,000
1 800,000
1,900,000
2 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
2 , 100,000

2 ,200,000

2,300,000
2,400,000
2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

2,600,000
2,700,000
2,800,000
2900,000
3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

3,100,000
3,200,000
3,300,000
3,400,000
3 5 0 0 ,0 0 0

3.600,000
3,700,000
8,800,000
3,900,000
4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

4,100,000
4,200,000
4,300,000
4 400,000

4 5 0 0 ,0 0 0

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

PROGRESS

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

P late 2 0

PBOG-BESS

P la te 21

P l a t e 21

RANK OF THE MOST POPULOUS CITIES AT EACH UNITED STATES CENSUS.
1st Census.

3d Census.

2d Census.

1790 .

1800 .

4th Census.

5th Census.

6th Census.

1820 .

1830 .

1840 .

1810.

■ fijjv York, N .Y .
1
33,131

MiWBfork, N .Y .
1
60,489

|k , N .Y .
96,373

V H B I M I . N .Y.
1
123,706

202,581

]H|fadelpkia, Ta.
2
41,220

Idelpliia, Pa.
53,722

[lelphia, Pa.
63,802

pre, Md.
80,620

f, Md.
102.313

U sto n , Mass.
3
18,320

Baltimore, Md.
3
26,514

Baltimore, Md.
3
35,583

Baltimore, Md.
3
62,738

plphia, Pa,
80,462

pans, La,
102,193

(Barleston, S.C.
4
16,358

BOston, Mass.
4
24,937

Boston, Mass.
4
33,787

Boston, Mass.
43,298

Boston, Mass.
4
61,302

PhttSJtelphiu, Pa.
4
93,665

Hiltimore, Md.
5
13,503

Charleston, S.C.
5
18,824

CJtobrleston, S.C.
5
24,711

■

w Orleans, La.
27,176

New Orleans, La.
5
46,082

IM BBBRlass.
5
93,383

SBrtli’n Liberties, Pa.
6
21,558

Charleston, S.C.
6
24,780

(jjgrleston.S.C.
6
30,289

Cincinnati, 0.
6
46,338

S b rth ’n Liberties, PaN
7
19,678

SUftli’n Liberties,Pa\
7
28,923

1850 .

N ew York, N .Y r
312,710

A lfladelpkia, Pa.
2
28,532

7th Census

BK»klyn, N .Y .
7
36,233

JJ&rtli’n Liberties, Pa^
6
8,333

:

r iM>rtb ’n Liberties,Pa.'
G
16,970

4
5

Stluthwark, Pa.
7
9,621

’ S S w Orleans, La.

7,921

W w port, R .I.
8
6,716

Salem, Mass.
8
9,457

SButhwark, Pa.
8
13,707

S&uthwark, Pa.
8
14,713

(Kpcinnati, Ohio.

U ovidence.R .I.
9
6,380

S e w Orleans, La.
9
8,500

Salem, Mass.
9
12,613

W ashington, D.C.
9
13,247

-4®bany, N .Y .
9
24,209

Albany, N .Y .
9
33,721

SJtiutliwark, Pa.
5,661

tovidence, R.I.
IQ
7,614

M bany, N .Y .
kl «
10,762

' SHem, Mass.
10
12,731

fjtfutliwark, Pa.
, lO
20,581

Charleston, S.C.
10
29,261

Marblehead, Mass.
11
5,661

S o rfo lk, Va.
.11
6,936

lovidence, R.I.
kl l
10,071

’ Jlban y, N .Y .
11
12,630

lashington, D.C.
,1 1
18,826

Spying Garden, Pa.

£®lem, Mass.

7

10

7

Sclimond, Va.
9,735

12

Sp rfolk, Va.
9,193

tovidence, R.I.
11,767

"Washington, D .C .f '
8,208

Cincinnati, Ohio.
14
9,642

. 14

Sewport, R.I.
7,907

Bortland, Me.
8,581

,15

Richmond, Va.
.14
5,737

. 14

15 _________ 5,617

,15

15

Wu'tsmouth, N.H.
16
5,339

'M ewburyport, M ass.'
.16
7,634

16

S o rfo lk, Va.

Georgetown, D .C
7,360

,19

20

■ ortsmouth, N.H .
7,327

Spring Garden, Pa.
,2 0
11,140

dloucester, Mass.
5,943

.21

Sew port, R.I.
7,319

,21

22

Nantucket, Mass.
7,266

Ecuisville, Ky.
,2 2
10,341

Pittsburgh, Pa.
7,248

Slew Haven, Conn.
.23
10,180

,23

Sorfolk, Va.
9,814

. 24

Marblehead, Mass.
,2 3
5,900

, 23

New Haven, Conn.
5,772

Hetersburg, Va.
5,666

Mew Bedford, Mass.
5,651

4,470
29,963
109,260
298,977
503,185

10,567
15,520
18,320
24,937
33,787
43,298
61,392
93,383
136,881
177,840
250.526
362,839

Rochester, N .Y .
20,191

. 19

11,551

fchmond, Va.
20,153

, 20

Hfcwark, N.J.
10,953

’ Troy, N .Y .

21

Iffalo, N .Y .
18.213
fewark, N.J.
17,290

St. Louis, Mo.
16,469

24

lichester, N.Y.

25

19,334

Irtland, Me.
15,218

, 25

9,207

VG
2

Mewburyport, Mass.
6,852

Bbffalo, N .Y .
27
8,668

Rtiyamensing, Pa.
.27
14,573

28

Betersburg, Va.
6,690

28

8,459

28

•ancaster, Pa.
29
6,633

Itica, N .Y.
29
8,323

, 29

' dliarlestown, Mass.
.3 0
6,591

M tersburg, Va.
30
8,322

31

Newark, N.J.
6,507

Portsmouth, N.H.31
8,082

. 32

dloucester, Mass.
6,384

Sew port. R.I.
32
8,010

lloughkeepsie, N .Y .
.3 3
5,726

Savannah, Ga.
33
7,776

Charlestown, Mass.
.33
11,484

34

Marblehead, Mass.
5,630

JBmcaster, Pa.
34
7,704

, 34

Hudson, N .Y .
5,310

Hancaster, Pa.
,27
5,405

35

S e w Bedford, M ass.'
7,592

Betersburg, Va.
.3 5
11,136

. 27

Savannah, Ga.
5,215

Ilridgewater, Mass.
5,157

\

60,000
80,000

10 ,0 0
00
Ratio of Population of Cities of over 8,000
Inhabitants, to Total Population.
~Year Per
Cent
Cent

' 120>
000

1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1&40
1850
1800
1870
1880

140,000

Buffalo

Boston

toy. N .Y .

(Biarlestown, Mass.
8,783

, 28

Population

Chicago

Nensington, Pa.
26
7,118

, 26

. 29

Growth of Cleveland, Ohio, and Buffalo, N. Y.

1722
1705
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
1850
1800
1870
1880

S e w Haven, Conn.
25
7,147

, 25

i

40,000

Population

Brooklyn, N .Y .
.24
7,175

, 24
. s

21,210

, 22

Skhenectady, N .Y.
,2 2
5,903

20,000 P o pulation.

Growth of Chicago, III., and Boston, Mass.

S w e l l , Mass.
18
20,796

19

,21

SC ALE :

1,508
2,095
8,668
18,213
42,201
81,129
117,714
155,134

ooklyn, N .Y .
12,406

,18

Jan tucket, Mass.
6,807

Growth of Detroit, Mich.., and Providence, R, I.

57
350
1,000
6,071
17,034
43,417
92,829
160,140

’ Pittsburgh, Pa.
17
21,115

S&vannali, Ga.
7,523

, 20

H . A. H o l m e s ...............L ib rarian o f th e G eneral Library, A lbany, N e w Y ork.
M. S. H u m p h r e y s ___Chief of th e B u re au o f In d u s tria l S ta tistic s, H a rrisb u rg , Pa.
H e n r y B. P ie r c e ........S e c re ta ry o f th e C o m m onw ealth of M assachusetts.
J . M. A d d e m a n ...........S e c re ta ry o f S ta te , P ro v id en ce, R hode Island.

1810
1820
1830
1840
1850
1800
1870
1880

► tsburgh, Pa.
12,568

juisville, K y .

’ Mbrtsmouth, N.H.
6,934

T h e c o lo r b a rs p rin te d o v e r th e n am es o f cities, in d ic a te th e ir re la tiv e popu­
la tio n a t e ac h census. T he a rro w -fe a th e r d e n o te s th e first e n tra n c e o f a c ity in to
th e list, a n d th e arro w -h e a d its final a p p e a ra n c e and exit, ow ing e ith e r to a la c k
o f th e req u isite p o p u latio n o r t o its in c o rp o ra tio n w ith a n o th e r city.
T h e lists fo r 1820 a n d previous d ecad es, include all cities of o v e r five th o u ­
san d po p ulatio n , w hile th e su b se q u e n t lists em b ra c e th e fo rty m o st populous
cities a t each census.
C ertain omissions in th e e a rlie r G o v ern m en t re tu rn s h ave b e en supplied by
re c o u rse to S ta te re c o rd s, th ro u g h th e c o u rte sy o f th e follow ing n a m e d gen­
tle m e n :

Year Cleve.

, 16

.18

, 19

E X P L A N A TO Jl T.

21,019
45,619
79,577
116,340

prtland, Me.
12,598

U insington, Pa.
22,314

Bbrtland, Me.
7,169

, 18

vannali, Ga;
12 2
5,146

22
,22
9,102

, 15

17

Ilridgewater, Mass.
,21
5,200

1,422

Nensington, Pa.
13.392

Alexandria, D.C.
8,218

Marblehead, Mass.
^20
5,211

1,446
3,916
3,159
4,355
6,380
7,614
10,071
11,767
16/
23,172
41,513
50,666
68,904
104,857

Providence, R.I.
14
23,172

13,895

17

Schenectady, N .Y .
,19
5,289

1708
1730
1755
1776
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880

Rjtlem, Mass.

Wexandria, D.C.
7,227

Jlban y, N .Y .
,18
5,289

Prov.

Pshington, D.C.
23,364

.13

, 16

17

'

27,849

Southwark, Pa.
12
27,584

Richmond, Va.
16,000

8,478

dloucester, Mass.
.1 7
5,313

Population

11

, 13

,13

Santucket, Mass.

r S M th ’n Liberties, Pa\
8
34,474

|ovidence, R.I.
16,836

13

,12

Sewburyport, Mass.
.13
5,946

dloucester, Mass.
5,317

.13

24,831

, 12

Ifewport, R.I.
6,739

5,500

8

Ichmond, Va.
12,067

,12

2je w Orleans, La.

12

'

17,242

160,000

SC ALE :

1*2*8* 4* 5 p e rc e n t.

10
*

3.3
3.9

'

15*

2*
0

12.5

’ Salem, Mass.

,2 6

Alexandria, D.C.

15,082

bw Haven, Conn.
12,923

Ulica, N .Y .
12,782

^Mobile, Ala.

, 30
'

12,672

Slew Bedford, Mass.
^ 3 1 ________ 12,087

'

Bbxbury, Mass.
.32
11,484

bvannah, Ga.
11,214

22.5

35
180,000

Jexington, K y .
.36
5,271

20 0
0 ,0 0
20 0
2,0240,000
0

rfroy, N .Y .

'Gj-racuse, N .Y .
v3 6
11,013

dloucester, Mass.
,36
7,510

3 0 0 ,0 0 0

5,264

deorgetown, D.C.
37
7,312

.37

Bouglikeepsie, N .Y .'

37

280,000
280,000

Springfield, Mass.
10,985

'

7,222

S o rfo lk, Va.
,3 8
10,920

Nantucket, Mass.
39
7.202

320,000

' A llegheny, Pa.
,3 9
’
10,089

38

340,000
360,000
380,000

4 0 0 ,0 0 0
420,000
440,000

400,000
480,000
5 0 0 ,0 0 0

Hartford, Conn.
7,074

40

'

Bbughkeepsie, N .Y .
10,006

,4 0

* E stim ated.

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

I

I V — Population.
IN D E X TO P L A T E S .

TO TAL P O P U L A T IO N ...........................................Plate 22

F R E N C H ......................................................................Plate 29
R a t io to T o ta l P o p u la tio n .

A v e r a g e D e n sity , b y C o u n tie s ; b y S ta te s .
T o ta l, b y S ta te s. S e le c te d C lasses.

IM M IG R A T IO N ............................................................Plate 29

D IS T R IB U T IO N OF S E X E S ...............................Plate 23

A n n u a l, 1 8 2 0 — 1 8 8 0 .

R a tio s , b y C o u n tie s; b y S ta te s .
T o ta l, b y S ta te s ; R e tr o s p e c t, 1 8 5 0 — 1 8 8 0 .

FO R E IG N -B O R N

T o ta l, G e rm a n s , Irish , B r it is h A m e r ic a n s .

C O L O R E D P O P U L A T IO N .....................................Plate 24
R a tio , to T o ta l, b y C o u n tie s ; b y S ta te s .
T o ta l, b y S ta te s. R e tr o s p e c t.

IN FIFTY C IT IE S ................Plate 30

P R IN C IP A L NATIVITIES IN FOUR C IT IE S .. Plate 31
N e w Y o r k , P h ila d e lp h ia , C h ic a g o , B o sto n .

FO R E IG N

P O P U L A T IO N ......................................Plate 25
S E L E C T E D CLASSES, BY STATES........ Plates 32-33

R a tio , to T o ta l, b y C o u n tie s ; b y S ta te s .
T o ta l, b y S ta te s.
F o r e ig n - b o r n , b y N a tiv itie s ; R e tr o s p e c t.

GERM ANS.

T o ta l, N a tiv e , C o lo re d , F o r e ig n , G e rm a n s , Irish , E tc .

IR IS H ........................

Plate 26

INTER-STATE M IG R A T IO N ..........................Plates 34-37
R a t io o f N a tiv e to T o ta l P o p u la tio n .

R a t io to T o ta l P o p u la tio n .

E N G L IS H . W E LS H . BR ITISH A M E R IC A N S . Plate 27
R a t io to T o ta l P o p u la tio n .

N O R W EG IAN S.

SWEDES.

D EFEC TIVE , D E P E N D E N T AND DE­
L IN Q U E N T C LA S S E S .........................P lates 38-39
In sa n e , Id io tic, B lin d . ( P la te 3 8 .)
D e a f M u te s, P r is o n e r s , P a u p e r s . ( P la t e 3 9 .)
R a tio s to T o ta l P o p u la tio n . G e n e r a l R a tio s .

S C O T C H .............Plate 28

R a t io to T o ta l P o p u la tio n .

I ll

G e n e r a l. —

The

population of

the

decade, shows a rapidity of inciease, which is

gration, it is to-day universally acknowledged

United States on June i, 1880, was 50,155,783.

without a parallel in the history of civilized

that the census of 1870 was very defective

O f this

nations, and which can scarcely be maintained

in the Southern states.

many decades longer.

to the neglect of the enumerators, are to be

number, 43,475,840 were of native

birth, and 6,679,943 were born in foreign lands,
the proportion of the two elements being
respectively 86^ and 13& per cent.

Census.

P opulation.

In respect

P ercentage of
I ncrease.

The omissions, owing

estimated in hundreds of thousands.

It is

safe to assume that the population of the

1 7 9 0 .................: ..........................................

3>929>2 I 4

1 8 00..............................................................

5,308,483

3 5 -n

colored (having negro blood), 105,465 Chinese,

1 8 1 0 .............................................................

7,239,881

36.40

fully 40,000,000.

148 Japanese, and 66,407 citizen Indians.

No

1 8 20.............................................................

9,633,822

33-o 6

omissions were mainly of the colored race,

account is here taken of Indians still upon

1 8 3 0 .............................................................

12,866,020

33-55

1 8 40............ ................................................

32.67

and that their number should have approxi­

069,453

1 8 5 0 .............................................................

23,191,876

35-86

of each class to the total population was as

i8 6 0 .............................................................

3 I >443>321

35-58

follows: whites, 86^; colored, 13^; Chinese

1 8 7 0 .............................................................

38,558,371

22.63

and Japanese, o£, and citizen Indians o£ per

1 8 8 0 .............................................................

50,i5 5 ,7 8 3

30.08

of

race,

43,402,970

were

white,

reservations or in tribal relations.

cent.

6,580,793

The ratio

In respect of sex, the males were slightly

The

constancy

of

this

great

rate

country

mated

was

in

5,500,000

1870, not

38,558,371, but

It is certain, also, that the

instead

of

4,880,009

as

reported.
The growth of population, up to 1840, was
dependent almost entirely upon natural increase,
of

as there was very little immigration during

in excess, there being 25,518,820 males, or

increase, ranging from 30.08 during the last

that period.

50^ per cent., to 24,636,963 females, or 49^

decade

1810,

between 1840 and 1850, the famine in Ireland

per cent.

is another marked feature.

The only ex­

caused an exodus from that country to this,

ception was

from

by which the rate of increase was greatly

R ate o f Increase.—The

following table,

to 36.40 between

1800 and

in the decade

i860 to

Toward the end of the decade

1870, which included the period of the great

accelerated.

which gives the total population at each census,

Civil War.

Besides the effect of the war

proportion of the foreign-born element was'

and

in checking both natural increase and immi­

still further increased, since which time immi­

the percentage of increase, decade by

Between

1850

and

i860

the

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

xlii

gration has continued at a rate which keeps the
ratio between the native and foreign elements

decrease of the

practically constant.

immigration was insignificant.

The conclusion

the colored element, is shown by the relative
latter prior to 1847, when

is unavoidable that the

colored race cannot hold its own numerically
against the white, but must fall farther and
farther behind, unless,

under conditions of

The following table, showing the rates of

The following table presents the ratios of

increase in Great Britain and Ireland, is intro­

increase of white and colored population, by

freedom, the race shall develop physical and

duced for the sake of comparison.

decades:

moral qualities which it has not yet shown.

No account

is here taken of their loss by emigration, but,

Pe r c e n ta g e o f

even were such allowance made, the average

I n c r ease.

N a tiv ity . —

D e c a d e .

Statistics of the foreign popula­

W h it e .

C o lo r e d .

35-76

32-38

census of 1850.

1800 to 1 8 1 0 ....................................................

36-X3

37-46

previous decade foreign immigration had first

1810 to 1 8 2 0 ....................................................

34.12

28.57

assumed

1820 to 1 8 3 0 ....................................................

3 4 -°3

3 I-4 I

1830 to 1 8 4 0 ....................................................

34-72

23.28

noted heretofore, to the famine in Ireland

1840 to 1 8 5 0 ....................................................

37-74

26.61

in 1846-7, which drove its starving people by

1850 to i8 6 0 ....................................................

37-69

22.06

hundreds of thousands to the asylum offered by

i8 6 0 to 1 8 7 0 ....................................................

24.76

9.86

1870 to 1 8 8 0 ....................................................

29.21

34-85

rate of increase for the United States would
still greatly exceed that of the mother-country:
P e r c e n ta g e

o f

I n c r ease.

D e c a d e .
E n g la n d
a n d

l

8l

I .................................................................

I r e la n d .

Sc o t la n d .

W a le s .

12.28

1 4 .

T & 2 T .................................................................

1 3 -4 5

1831.................................................................
1841.................................................................

15.80

1 2 -5 7

14.52

10.24

1851.................................................................

12.65

10.20

1861.................................................................

n - 9 3

14.19

1790 to 1 8 0 0 ....................................................

—

8
8.52

11.50

numerical

importance,, owing,

as

During the fifty years pre­

ceding 1847, probably the whole

The white element shows a slight diminu­

19.85

In the closing years of the

the United States.

5 -2 5
-

tion of the country were first collected at the

number of

immigrants to this country did not reach a

1881.................................................................

13-19

-

—

I I . 14

1 4 -3 4

6.67
4.69

The minus sign indicates a decrease of population.

the close of each decade, was as follows:
W h it e .

million, while during the thirty-seven years

that date the effects of white immigration

since that date, it has exceeded nine and a
half millions.

tion in the rate of increase, until 1840.
very

all

con­

the

rate

The following table shows the native, the

The foreign element can,

native white, and the foreign population of

however, easily be eliminated, as will be seen

the country, at the date of each census since

hereafter, in treating of the native population.

1850:

clusions

R a c e . — The white and colored population at

C ensus.

After

are

1871.................................................................

5 -9

C o lo r e d .

marked, and
from

this

of natural increase.

invalidate

table

as

to

The rate of . increase of the colored element
shows a general and very decided diminution.

C ensus.

N a t iv e

N a t iv e .

W h it e .

F o r e ig n .

1 7 9 0 .....................................................................................................

3, 172,006

1800....................................................................................................

4, 306,446

1, 002,037

In but two cases does it equal that of the

1850.......................................

20, 912,612

17, 273,804

2, 244,602

1810.................................................................................................

5, 862,073

,3 7 7 ,8 o 8

whites; in one of these (1800 to 1810) the

i

i

860.......................................

27, 304,624

22, 862,794

4, 138,697

1820....................................................................................................

7, 862,166

1870........................................

32, 991,142

28, 111,133

5 ,5 6 7 ,2 2 9

1 ,7 7 1 ,6 5 6

1880.

4 3 ,4 7 5 ,8 4 0

36, 895,047

6 ,6 7 9 ,9 4 3

7 5 7 ,2 0 8

increased rate resulted from the importation

1830....................................................................................................

1 0 ,5 3 7 .3 7 8

2, 328,642

1840....................................................................................................

14, 195,805

2, 873,648

1850............................................... * ...................................................

1 9 ,5 5 3 ,0 6 8

3, 638,808

to 1880) it was plainly due to the defective

26, 922,537

4, 441,830

enumeration of the colored element in 1870.

i

860....................................................................................................

1870.....................................................................................................

3 3 ,5

1880.....................................................................................................

4 3 ,4 0 2 ,9 7 0

89 , 3 7 7

4, 880,009
6 ,5 8 o ,7 9 3

The total population was made up of these
two elements, in the following proportions:

....................................

of negroes as slaves, and in the other (1870
The proportions of the native and foreignborn population at these dates, were as follows:

Statistics show little regarding the relative
increase of the colored race before and after
emancipation, but it is fair to assume, from
all the circumstances of the case, that the

C ensus.

N a t iv e .

1850............................................................................................

90.32
86.84

13.16

8 5 -5 6

14.44

86.68

I3 -3 2

i

860............................................................................................

increase is less now than formerly, a pre­

1870............................................................................................

sumption borne out by such statistics as are at

:

88o ............................................................................................

F o r e ig n .

9.68

C ensus.

W h it e .

C o lo r e d .

1 7 9 0 .....................................................................................................

8 o .73

27.19

hand.

1800.....................................................................................................

81.13

18.87

consideration of self-interest on the part of the

The apparent increase of the foreign element

1810.....................................................................................................

8 0 .9 7

19.03

slaveholder prompted him to watch over their

in 1870 was undoubtedly due to the failure to

1820.....................................................................................................

81.61

18.39

1830.....................................................................................................

81.90

18.10

health, to

to

enumerate a considerable proportion of the

1840.....................................................................................................

16.83

protect and preserve the children.

It is not

native colored population in the South, where

8 3 -I7

1850....................................................................................................

84.31

15.69

to be supposed for a moment that a careless,

the foreign element is very small. Immigration

860.....................................................................................................

85.62

1 4 -1 3

improvident

upon

during the decade between i860 and 1870 was,

1870.....................................................................................................

87.11

12.65

1880....................................................................................................

86.54

13.12

their own resources, could at once, or within

in fact, not as great as during the preceding

a generation,

or the following decades.

i

W hen

slaves were

encourage

race,
learn

property,

child-bearing

thrown

and

suddenly

to exercise

every

such

care

The importation of slaves ceased in 1807.

over either their own health, or that of their

Since that date, the proportion of the colored

children, as they had received when slaves.

In crease o f N a tiv e A m erican s.—

element has steadily diminished.

W herever

The alleged inability of the so-called “American

It is true

mortality statistics

are available,

that there was an apparent increase between

there is shown a death rate of the colored

race ” to

1870 and 1880, resulting without doubt from

population far in excess of that of the whites,

recruited by foreign immigration, has long been

the faulty enumeration of 1870, an explanation

a death rate so large throughout the country

a favorite theory with certain foreign writers,

which is supported by the decrease between

generally as to overbalance the greater birth

and a similar view has prevailed to some

i860 and 1880.

This proportional decrease is

rate, as appears by the fact that the increase

extent even in this country.

due in part, but only in part, to the immense

from i860 to 1880 was, for the colored, but 48

range of facts, indicating an increase of disease,

immigration of whites since 1847.

per cent., while for the whites it was 61 per

together with a steadily

cent.

rate, especially in the higher circles of society,

That the

native whites have increased more rapidly than

maintain

itself, unless

constantly

From a narrow
diminishing birth

POPULATION.

xliii

these writers have inferred that the native

less than it was fifty years ago, the average age

density of population and

American race is undergoing decay, and can

is decidedly greater.

country, in square miles, at the date of each

be recuperated only by a “ return to nature,”

the children survive, and men live to a greater

whatever that may be.

age.

A larger proportion of

facts, however,

proves that the race is not dying out, but, on

becomes more and more densely populated,

census, are given below:

examination

of

the

D ensity .

A rea.

Census.

On the whole, however, as the country

An

the area of the

1 7 9 0 ................................................................
1 8 0 0 ...............................................................

827,844
827,844

4-75
6.41

the contrary, that the rate of increase of native

and as its people advance to greater refine­

1 8 1 0 ...............................................................

I >999>775

3.62

whites since 1850 has been as follows:

ments of civilization, the rate of increase is

1 8 2 0 ................................................................

1,999-775

4.82

slowly but surely declining.

1 8 3 0 ................................................................

2,°5 9 -°4 3

6.25

1 8 4 0 ................................................................

2,059,043

8.29

1 8 5 0 ................................................................

2,980,959

7.78

P ercentage of
I ncrease.

D ecade.

This has been

the history of every nation upon the globe.

i8 6 0 ................................................................
1850 to i8 6 0 ..................... ...................................................

32-35

i8 6 0 to 1 8 7 0 .........................................................................

F u tu r e

22-95

1870 to 1 8 8 0 .........................................................................

P o p u la tio n . —

Predictions

3,026,500

10.39

1 8 7 0 ................................................................

3,603,884

10.70

1 8 8 0 ................................................................

3,603,884

13.92

concerning population are especially unsafe,

3 I-2 5

because of the many uncertain elements which

The following table shows the density of

a

population by states and territories, with the

native increase approach that shown by the

common saying that the population of the

progress made by each in this respect since

above figures.

United States is doubled

the date of its organization:

In no European country does the rate of
It may be urged, however, that

enter

into

any

such

estimate.

It

is

every twenty-five

the number of native whites includes the chil­

years, and such had been the fact up to the

dren of foreign parents, born in this country,

date

and that the ratio of increase of the purely

in 1880, however, fell several millions short

native element cannot be deduced therefrom.

of being double that of 1855, or four times

The popular belief, indeed, is that the families

that of 1830.

of Irish, German and Scandinavian immigrants

of the

last

census.

The population

S t a t e s an d
T e r r ito r ies .

1880

1870

i860 1850 1840 1830 1820 1810 1800 1790

North Atlantic.

M aine...............

21.7

20.9

21.0

N . Hampshire.

38.5

35-3

36-2 35-3 31 6 29.9 27.1

36.4

36.1

34-4 32.0 3 °-7

of the population within twenty-five years has

Massachusetts . 221.8

181.2

are exceptionally large, and that to their fer­

been witnessed

Rhode Isla n d .. 254.9 200.3 160.9 136.0 100.3 89.6 76.5 70.9 63.7 63-4
Connecticut. . .

128.5

IIO.9

tility the country is indebted for the continual

the next two

decades the foreign element

N ew Y ork . . . .

106.7

92.0

increase of the native population.

will be almost certain to decrease slightly,

N ew Jersey . . .

151.7

I2I.5

90.1 65-7

50.1 4 3 0 37-2 32.9 28.3 24.7

Pennsylvania. .

95.2

78.2

64.6 5 1.4

3 8 .3

D elaw are. . . .

74.8

63.7

57-3

M aryland.........

94.8

79.1

69.6 59-1

is easy to show

that

this

But it

assumption

is

in proportion

for the last time.

During

to the native element, as it

is most unlikely that immigration will con­

unfounded.
The statistics of foreign parentage were
unfortunately not obtained prior to the census
of 1870.

In all probability, a doubling

By deducting from the number of

tinue at a pace corresponding with natural
increase.

It may safely be estimated that in

1890 the foreign element will not form more

native whites in 1870 and 1880, the number

than 13 per cent, of the total population, and in

born of foreign parents, the foreign element

1900 not more than 12 per cent.

V erm on t.. . .

34-5

19.5

153 -1 123.7

9 5 -0

76-5

16 8 13-4

91.8

75-9

9.9
23.8 20.4 15.8

25.8 23.9 16.9
65.1

18.7

64.0 61.4 56.8 54-0

81.3 65.0 51.0 4 ° -3

28.8 20.1

. . . .

15-1 12.5

51.8 24.7
12.4

7.5

30.0 23-3

18.0 13.4

39-2

37-1

37.1

4 5-3

41-3

38.6 34-6 32.4

9.6

South Atlantic.

46.7 39-8
4 7-7

32.8 30.2

District of Col. 2960.4 2195.0 1251.3 861.4 437-1 3 9 8 .3 330-4 240.2 140.9
Virginia ...........

19.1

18.7

16.4 15.0 13.6 11.5

22.0

20.4 17.9 15.5

15.2

13-2 11.4

9.8

8.1

19.7

19.3

16.7

13.8

1 1 .5

8.2

5.8

4 -3

i -5

0.6

0.2 . . . . .

37-7

3 °-5

W est V irg in ia .

25.1

17.9

North Carolina

28.8

24.6 21.9

. . . .

South Carolina

3 3 -o

23-3

23.3 22.2

The native

Georgia.............

26.1

20.0

17.9

15.4 11.7

8.7

for one generation back is eliminated from

white element, which increased 32.35 per cent,

F lorida.............

5.0

3 -4

the calculation.

from 1850 to i860, and 31.25 per cent, between

Alabam a...........

24.5

19-3

18.7

14.9 11.4

6.0

2.4

to 1880, the total of native whites, less those

1870 and 1880, will probably show a propor­

Mississippi_
_

24.4

17.8

17.1

I 3 -I

8.1

2.9

0.9

0.9

Louisiana.........

20.7

16.0

15-6

11.4

7.8

4 -7

3 -4

1-7

born of foreign parentage, showed

in­

tional gain of about 30 per cent, in the present

T e x a s ...............

6.1

3 -i

Comparing this rate

decade and a slightly smaller one, perhaps 29

Arkansas...........

i 5 -i

9.1

Tennessee . . . .

36.9

3° -i

26.6 24.0

19.9 16.3 IO. I

6.3

2.5

0.8

K en tu ck y.........

41.2

3 3 -o

28.9 24.6 19.5

17.2

14.1

10.2

5-5

1.8

78.5

65.3

57.4 48.6 37-3

22.7

14.1

5.6

I .I

. . . .

0.2

—

During the decade from 1870

crease of 28 per cent.

an

of increase with that of Ireland and Germany,

per cent., between 1890 and 1900.

the countries from which most of the supply

element may possibly gain 25 per cent, during

of fresh blood comes, there is, even after

the same period, which appears

allowing for their losses by emigration, no

ample estimate.

approach in these countries to the above rapidity

basis, the population in 1890 and 1900, may

of increase.

be estimated as follows:

If immigrants multiply faster in

The colored
to be an

1.8

0 .3

Northern Central.

O h io .................

P opulation ;

Indiana.............

55-1

47.0

37.6 27.5

19.1

9.6

4-1

0.7

Illin o is.............

5 5 -o

4 5-3

30.6 15.2

8-5

2.8

1.0

0.2

M ich iga n .........

28.5

20.6

24.2

19-3

M innesota. . . .

9.8

5-5

Io w a .................

29.3

21.5

M issouri...........

3 i -5

25.0

12.2

N ebraska.........

5.9

1.6

10.281.000

8.396.000

9,839,000

64,584,000

81,992,000

0 .1

^•7

14.2

5-6

17.2

9.9

4.4

61.872.000

8.225.000

The average

1900.

K an sas.............

On the other hand, it is probable that the

1890.

47,963,000

not have a similar effect upon natives.
average birth rate is decreasing.

8.2

Wisconsin........

Taking these figures as a

this country than at home, it is hard to see why
the causes which produce this result should

Southern Central.

5.6

2.1

0.9

0.3

0.4

0.9
W estern.

Montana...........

0.3

Colorado...........

1.9

0-3

N ew M ex ico . .

1.0

0.7

0.1

size of the family decreased between 1870 and
1880 from 5.09 to 5.04.

much greater

In making this estimate it is presupposed

decrease is indicated by the figures of earlier
censuses, in which, however, only the families

or wide-reaching pestilence, shall overcome

0.3

that no great disturbing factors, such as wars

of whites were considered.

A

It is quite in accord

natural increase during the period in question.

but, also, by a smaller
among the young.

rate of

1-7

1.0

0.6

0.3

D en sity o f P o p u la t io n —The

aver­

mortality

including the entire area of the country except

0.4

0.3

O regon .............

1.8

0.9

California.........

5-5

3-5

0.1

0.1

1.1

0.5

0.2

2.4

age number of inhabitants per square mile,

It is unquestionably true,

Id a h o ...............
W ashin gton .. .

with all experience that a higher civilization
should be attended by a lower birth rate;

U ta h .................
N evada.............

0.5

that while the birth rate to-day is considerably

It w ill be noticed that this table differs in a few details from a corres­

Alaska, was

13.92 in

1880.

The

average

ponding one published by the census office.

These differences are, in nearly

a ll cases, due to the fact that the present table relates strictly to the area of the
states and territories as constituted at the dates of the several censuses.

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

xiiv

For comparison, the following table, show­
ing

the

population

and

the

number

of

upon the Northern coast, while the Southern

of this section the profitable interest of mining

harbors are not so abundant or so easy of

has changed all the conditions.

inhabitants per square mile, of the principal

access.

countries of the globe, is here introduced:

its closer proximity to northern Europe, the

R ate o f In crease b y States.—The

principal

later

following table shows the proportional increase

undoubtedly the

in the population of each state and territory

T otal
P opulation.

P opulation per
Square M ile .

Another advantage of the North is
source

immigration.

of

colonization

Another

is

and

D ate op
C ensus.

Belgium .....................................

1880

5,519,844

481.71

temperature and rainfall, which, although less

Netherlands........................

1881

4,114,077

312.86

favorable

British India.......................

1881

252> 5 4 M i°

311-57

South, is more favorable to human health

Great Britain and Ireland .

1881

35,246,633

289.92

northern climate, and especially its range of
to

agriculture

than

that

of the

since its organization:
P E R C E N T A G E OF IN C R E A SE B Y STA TE S.
1 8 7 0 i8 6 0

Sta tes

TO

and

and comfort.

Moreover, the climate of the

Italy.....................................

1881

28,459.451

246.63

Japan....................................

1882

36,358,994

234.28

1880

4 5 ,I 9 4 ,I 72

216.62

of the countries from which most of the white

France..................................

1881

37,672,048

180.88

population was originally derived, than does

Switzerland..........................

1880

2,846,102

177.10

18 80 18 7 0

T e r r it o r ie s .

Northern states more nearly conforms to that

Germany..............................

TO

2 6 .6

3 -4

18 5 0
TO
i8 6 0

2 4 .9

18 4 0 18 3 0
TO

TO

18 50 18 4 0

3 0 .6

O
O
M O CO
00 H 00
M
W

Countries .

1 8 1 0 18 0 0 1 7 9 0
TO

TO

18 2 0 l8 lO

TO
18 0 0

9 0 .8 1 4 2 .0

1 1 8 .7
6 5 .6
5 4 .3

4 7 .4

3 8 7 .4

that of the South, and it is a well-known

I I .2

l6 .2

Austro-Hungary.................

1880

3 7 ,7 4 i,4 i3

156.98

Denmark..............................

1880

2,096,400

133-21

fact that immigration is, as a rule, averse to

Portugal..............................

1878

4,348,551

125.69

changing its climatic conditions.

In addition

Delaware........................

1 7 .2

Ceylon ........................................

1881

2,758,166

111.65

to these, a very potent reason for the small

District of Columbia. . .

3 4 -8

Servia ........................................

1878

1,669,337

84 .64

Spain....................................

1877

16,053,961

84-55

Greece .......................................

1879

1,679,775

83.91

consequent comparatively small population, is

Peru............................................

1876

3,050,000

4 2 .II

found in the fact that labor in these states has

Sweden......................................

1880

4,565,668

26.51

been, from the earliest colonial times, largely

I O 7 . 4 I I 5 . I 2 2 1 .0 I I 3 * I

immigration to the Southern states, and their

1878

2,400,396

Egypt...................................

1877

17,419,980

Norway ......................................

1876

1,806,900

14.71

white immigrants have refused to compete,

U n ite d S t a t e s ...................

1880

5 0 , 1 5 5 ,7 8 3

13.92

especially in a field so well suited to the
former.

M exico................................

1877

9,389,461

12.66

Russia..................................

1879

98,356,100

IO. 11

1 5 .8

1 6 .8

2 4 .0

1 9 .6

4-i

8 .1

5 .0

4 -3

1 1 .4

2 2 .5

1 7 .2

7 5 .4

4 5 -2

1 8 .2

i -7

5 -4

0 .1

1 3 *0

9 -7

2 0 .5

3 7 -5

7 0 .4

—

6 0 .5

6 0 .5

5 6 .8

3 1-0

3 3 -7

5 i -5

3 5 -o

5 5 -0

9 7 .0

....

....

4 3 .5

Georgia...........................

3 0 .2

1 1 .9

1 6 .6

Illinois............................

2 1 .1

4 8 .3

I 0 I .0

Indiana...........................

1 7 .7

2 4 .4
76.Q

monopolized by the colored race, with which

Still other reasons for this difference

3 6 .6

7 8 .8 2 0 2 .4 1 8 5 .4 3 4 9 -1
4 4 .1

9 9 .9 1 3 3 -0 5 0 0 .2 3 3 4 - 6

O
00
M

Uruguay..............................

in

density of population between the two

2,95 h 323

9.20

1880

438,245

6.19

1878

1,146,000

4.61

slavery, especially the persistent ownership of

B olivia................................

1878

2,080,000

4 - i5

2 3 9 .9

1 7 .6

2 5 .9

13 -3

21-9

3 8 .7

2.6

3 6 .7

46. q

61.1

4 1 .0

QQ-7

Maine..............................

3-5 *0.2

7-7

1 6 .2

2 5 .6

33-9

3 °-4

5 °-7

5 7 -1

Maryland........................

1 9 .7

1 3 .6

1 7 .8

24.0

5-i

9-7

7.0

1 1 .4

6.8

Massachusetts................

22.3

3 4 -8

2 0 .8

1 6 .6

Kentucky.......................

2 4 .8

20.

1 4 -3

1880

2,075,245

4.06

Paraguay..............................

293,844

3 -* 9

Brazil....................................

1872

10,108,291

3 - i4

23.7
8 8 .3

8 7 -3 5 7 0 -9

3 6 .6

4 .6

3 °-4

6 1 . 4 1 7 4 .9

4 5 -6

7 3 -3

77-7

vented small farmers from gaining a footing,

1876

1 8 .3

58.0

8 3 .9 1 9 9 .8

11.6 11.6

1 0 .8
8 4 .0

land in large tracts at the South, which pre­

Venezuela............................

—

sections, were incidental to the institution of

Ecuador..............................

8-7

2 g l . 1 3 4 5 -8

2 5 -9

United States of Columbia.

5 -4

IQ 3 .1

Chili ...........................................

19-34

Connecticut....................

1 7 3 -1 I I I . O

8 6 .9 3 5 5 -9

....

219.2

326.4

New Hampshire............

Argentine Republic............

i» 7 S

2,400,000

2.90

There are to be seen in the United States

Canada................................

1881

4,352,o8o

i-3 5

nearly all conditions of industry attendant upon

9.0

2.5 i i -7

5-6

1 0 .3

1 3 .7

1 6 .6

29.5

New Jersey....................

2 4 .8

3 4 -8

3 7 -2

3 I-I

1 6 .3

1 5 .6

12.9

1 6 .2

14.6

New Y o rk......................

15-9 12.9

25.2

2 7 -5

2 6 .5

3 9 -8

4 3 -o

62.8

73 -1

1 5 -3

2.0

1 5 .0

l6 . I

2 1 .4

3 °-3

6 2 .0

6 1 . 3 1 5 1 - 9 4 0 8 .6

3 4 -0

2 7 .8

2 8 .7

3 5 -5

1 1 .9

1 7 .0

* 2 .3

of density of population.

North Carolina..............

3 0 .6

7-9

14.2

Generally speaking, the North Atlantic states

T h e above table is taken from Spofford’s American Almanac.

8 1 .0

46.5 mo.6

as at the North.

different degrees

Mississippi......................

Ohio................................

1 9 .9

1 3 -9

1 8 .1

7 3 -3

2 9 4 .6
2 5 .7

all

Pennsylvania..................

2 1 .6

2 1 .1

tribution of the population, is its inequality of

their inhabitants by agriculture, and, conse­

Rhode Island................

2 7 .2

2 4 .4

density, even in those regions which have

quently, a large part of the population is

South Carolina..............

4 1 .0

0 .2

5 -2

1 2 .4

2 .2

Tennessee.......................

2 2 .5

1 3 -4

1 0 .6

2 0 .9

2 1 .6

been

engaged

U t a h ............................................

6 5 .8 I I g . 4

2 5 3 .8

1 8 .9

8 .2

4 1 .0

8 0 .8

1 3 -7

9 .2

1 0 .7

1 7 -7

The most noticeable feature of the dis­

settled

Am ong

the

for

equal

states of

periods
the

of

Atlantic

time.
slope,

are too

densely populated

in

manufactures

to

support

15 -5

and

and professional occupations.

commercial

In the South

1 8 .3

Atlantic states and the eastern part of the

colonial days, the density of population ranges

not yet

3 8 .6

7-9

I I .2

0 4

1 5 .6

2 1 .1

2 0 .1

3 8 .7

6 1 .2

6 1 . 5 1 4 7 .8 1 9 5 .8

Vermont..........................

4 -9

0 .3

7-5

4 .0

2 3 -4

+4 - 4

1 2 .2

1 4 .6

2 .3

3 5 -9

0 .5

Southern Central states, the population has

through very wide limits.

3 4 -4

1 8 4 .2

2 4 .7

which have been settled since the earliest

2 9 .3

The irregularity is

reached

the

limit of

Virginia..........................

self-support

especially decided as between the Northern

by means of agriculture.

and Southern states on the Atlantic border.

however, springing up in this section, and,

A s the first settlers were of the agricultural

as the population continues to grow, a con­

class, it would

stantly increasing proportion will be obliged

1 5 4 . 0 8 8 6 .8

be natural to look for an

Manufactures are,
•D ecrease.

The

f O f Virgin ia and W est Virginia together.

above

table, showing

the rate of

explanation in some difference of soil, climate

to

farming.

increase of population from decade to decade,

or other circumstances affecting agricultural

The Northern Central section, from the Ohio

suggests many interesting generalizations re­

pursuits, but an examination

develops the

westward to the frontier line of settlements in

garding the progress of the country.

fact that the preponderance of agricultural

Nebraska and Kansas, shows all the gradations,

original states, which, at the date of the first

advantages is decidedly in favor of the South,

from the very densely populated agricultural

census, 1790, had a considerable population,

while the North is by far the more densely

community to those which, in consequence of

the rate of growth was for several decades very

settled

the excess of land at their disposal, raise from

slow, and in some cases scarcely appreciable.

the soil far more than they themselves require

During this

therefore, be more than offset by other causes.

for

the

received few immigrants, the natural increase

One of them is unquestionably the presence

W estern states and territories, agriculture is

was expended in populating the territories and

of abundant, capacious and excellent harbors

the prevailing occupation, but in certain parts

states of the Mississippi valley and the Gulf

of the two.

The

naturally greater

adaptability of the South to tillage

must,

seek

other

subsistence.

vocations

Generally

besides

throughout

In the

early period, when the states

POPULATION.

xlv

bodies of population of 4,000 and upwards, and

21 and 11 per cent, respectively.

therefore separate the urban element more

element of the entire North Atlantic group is

hundreds of thousands, to reclaim the wilderness

closely than the two preceding tables.

48 per cent.; in other words, nearly one-half

from the savage.

U RBAN

coast.

The parent states were engaged in

sending out their

sons and

daughters by

The great wave of immigra­

tion, which reached our shores between 1840

PO PU LA TION , IN 1880, B Y S T A T E S
GROUPS OF ST A T E S.

and 1850, produced a very sensible effect upon
States and T erritories.

the population of nearly all of the older states,
augmenting,

in most cases, their rates of

increase very

decidedly, to be followed, in

Urban
Population
in 1880.

AND

Proportion
of Urban to
Total.
(Per Cent.)

21
26
II
66

The rapid emigration from

335,5oo
2,736,367
586,547
1,658,523

the East to these new lands caused at first a

T o tal...............................

6,960,776

77
54
54
52
39
48

rate.
In the states settled since the organization
of the Government, a different form of pro­
gression is seen.

very great ratio of increase, followed by a
gradual diminution of the rate as the population
became greater, and the amount of fertile land
to be had for the asking, became less.

U rb a n P o p u la tio n .—The

tendency of

toward a greater and greater concentration in
towns and cities.
In the following table the population of all
cities and towns containing 8,000 inhabitants or
upwards, is considered as urban:

P opulation of
U nited States .

D ate .

I nhabitants of
Cities in each
IOO OF THE
T otal P opu­
lation .

P opulation
of Cities .

Delaware............................................
Maryland..........*...............................
District of Columbia. . . . . .............
V irgin ia............................................
West Virginia................ ...................
North Carolina................................
South Carolina.............. .................
Georgia.................... ..
Florida..............................................

42,478

29

364,934
i 59,87i
178,117
47,846
40,152
66,180
118,980

39

24,385

9

T otal..............................

1,042,943

14

I3 L4 7 2

3-3

1 8 0 0 .........................................

5 ,3 0 8 ,4 8 3

2 1 0 ,8 7 3

3-9

1 8 1 0 .........................................

7 ,2 3 9 ,8 8 1

356,92o‘

4 .9

1 8 2 0 .........................................

9 ,6 3 3 ,8 2 2

8 6 4 ,5 0 9

1 8 4 0 .........................................

1 7 ,0 6 9 ,4 5 3

i , 453,994

8-5

1 8 5 0 .........................................

23, 191,876

2 ,8 9 7 ,5 8 6

12-5

i 8 6 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3L4 4 3 ,3 2 i

5 ,0 7 2 ,2 5 6

Ohio ................................................ ..
Indiana..............................................
Illinois......................................
Michigan............................................
Wisconsin..........................................
Minnesota........ .................................
Io w a ..................................................
Missouri............................................
Kansas.............. ..
Nebraska ........................................

l6 .I

1 8 7 0 .............. . . . ................

38,558,37i

8 ,0 7 1 ,8 7 5

2 0 .9

1 8 8 0 ........................................

5°, i 55,783

ii,3 i8 ,S 4 7

2 2 .5

one in thirty-three to nearly one in four.
The number of cities of various grades as to
population, at the date of each census, is shown

Montana............................................
W yoming.............. ............................
Colorado.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New M exico....................................
Arizona.. . . . . . . . — ....................
U tah................................................
Nevada..............................................
Washington......................................
Oregon. . . .
..............................
California------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

in the following table:
TO

TO

|

TO

TO

Total.................... .

7 5 .0 0 0
TO

,

TO

TO

AND

t o

,

list with a percentage of 24.

The average

of the Southern Central states, which form an
almost purely agricultural section, is only 9
per cent.

G eo g ra p h ica l D istrib u tio n o f the
P o p u la tio n . — The general view of the

3
7
8

divisions, viz.: the Atlantic plain; the Appala­

in a preceding chapter, showed four great
chian mountain region; the great valley of the
Mississippi, with the region of the Great L akes;

892,114
327,248

These differ

28

from one another in climate, in agricultural and

844,462

17
27

mineral products, in industrial and commercial

353,230

22

272,733
129,567

21

201,800

17
12

505,903

23

84,907

8

5!>8 79

II

3,663,843

21

58,351
28,084

interests, and in density of population.

T o ta l.

A bove.

It

appears from the following table that nearly
one-third

of

the

population

is

found

on

the Atlantic plain, more than one-half in the

5

interior valley, less than one-seventh in the
Appalachian region, and only a little over three

231,296

3
24

5,396

14

782,889

P ercen tage
of T otal
P o p u l a t io n .

2

231.720

T o p o g r a p h ic a l D iv is io n s .

7

13,138
104,904

9

h

7

2 9 .8 4

13-38
53- 5 °

W e ste rn Group.

proportion of the urban element has risen from

D a t e .

Louisiana, containing New Orleans, heads the

per cent, in the Cordilleran region:

T o ta l....... ..............

It will be seen that in ninety years the

8 0 12 0 10 0 4 .0 0
.0 0 ,0 02 ,0 0 0 0
12 .0 02 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0
5 0 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0
12 0 2 ,0 04 ,0 07 .0 012 .0 02 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0
.0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 5 .0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0

Mississippi 3, Texas and Tennessee 7 per cent.

and the vast Cordilleran region.

Alabama............................................
Mississippi............ .......................
Louisiana..........................................
T e x a s ................................................
Arkansas...........................................
Tennessee..........................................
Kentucky..........................................

6 .7

2 per cent., Alabama 5,

topographical features of the country, given

Southern C e n tra l Group.

4-9

475,135

1 2 ,8 6 6 ,0 2 0

0

M

00

I 79° .........................................

Central states, where Arkansas has an urban

9°
12
8

Northern Central Group.

T o ta l.. . . ___ . . . . . . .
3 ,9 2 9 ,2 1 4

M 75U39
213,600

South Atlantic Group.

population in all nationalities is constantly

The other extreme is found in the Southern
element of only

Maine.................................................
New Hampshire ..............................
Vermont............................................
Massachusetts................ ..
Rhode Island ..,..............................
Connecticut......................................
New York .....................................
New Jersey......................................
Pennsylvania.................... ..

more recent years, by a gradually diminishing

the people of this entire section live in towns
or cities having at least 4,000 inhabitants.

North Atlantic Group.
135,9°°
9 M oo
37,800

The urban

3 .2 8

••••
5 9 ,7 i5

3i

6,635
7,007

6

The distribution of the population among

18

the principal drainage basins of the country is

26,837

19

23,884

as follows: 97^ per cent, live on the Atlantic

39

••••
10

slope, only £ of 1 per cent, in the Great Basin,
and 2£ per cent, on the Pacific slope.

The

17,577
344,004

40

average number of persons to a square mile on

485,659

27

the Atlantic slope is 22^, in the Great Basin 1,

This table illustrates the great diversity

and on the Pacific slope i£.

W ith regard to

1810.............

4

1820.............

3

4

12
17

11

6

I

2

2

2

10

1850.............

36

20

14

7

62

34

2*?

12

1870.............

92

63

n o

into the Atlantic— namely, the region east of
the Mississippi water-shed, south of the drain­
age area of the Great Lakes and the St.

of the urban element are found in the North

Lawrence, and north of that of the Gulf— are

In Rhode Island more than

34^ per cent., or a little more than one-third

three-fourths of the population are urban; in

of the aggregate population of the country; in
the drainage area of the Great Lakes and the

5

i860.............

1880.............

Thus, with the

Atlantic states.

7

1840.............

1

it is found that upon the area draining directly

is an exceptional case, all the high percentages

2

M
OO

3

purely agricultural states and those in which
exception of the District of Columbia, which

I

>
1
O

I

1800.............

the principal sub-divisions of the Atlantic slope,

Massachusetts

I79O.............

in respect to urban population, between the
manufactures

J

76

Re

14

55

8

21

9

0

J

7

4

3

I

286

The following table shows the distribution

predominate.

two-thirds;

in

Connecticut,

New York and New Jersey, more than one-

St. Lawrence are

of the urban population, by states and groups

half.

Gulf of Mexico, exclusive of the Mississippi

of states.

are those of Maine and Vermont, which have

These

figures

include all

dense

The lowest percentages in this section

ii£

basin, are 8£ per cent.

per cent.; in that of the
In the drainage area of

SCRIBNERS STATISTICAL ATLAS.

xlvi

population.
The following tables show the distribution

It will be seen from this table that more

No less than 97 per cent, of the population

than nine-tenths of the population live at

the Mississippi are 43^ per cent, of the whole

live in regions where the mean temperature in

an altitude of

July ranges between 65° and 85° Fah.; and 70

less than

of the population in latitude and in longitude,

sea level;

at an

per cent, of the whole are found in the area

by belts each five degrees in breadth:

elevation of less than 1,000 feet; and nearly

where the mean temperature of January, the

one-fifth at an elevation of less than 100 feet

coldest month, ranges from 20° to 40° Fah.

D egrees

of

P ercentage
of T otal
P opulation .

L atitu de .

more than

1,500 feet above

above tide, along the immediate seaboard and
in the swampy and

°-3
13 .0
25.6

three-fourths

level

regions

of the

P ercentage P opulation
of T otal
per
P opulation . S quare M ile .

I sotherms.

South.
B elo w 40° F a h ..................................................

2.0

°-5
7.0

56.0

In the area below 500 feet are found nearly

5-i

all of the population engaged in the culture

45 to 5 0 ............................................

...............

27-3

of cotton, rice and sugar, and in the foreign

5o to 5 5 ...............................................................

29.7

55 to 6 0 ...............................................................

32-5
14.9

A large majority

60 to 6 5 ...............................................................

1 0 .4

12.4

of those engaged in manufactures are found in

65 to 7 0 ...............................................................

6 .6

12.2

70 to 7 5 ...............................................................

0 .8

4.0

Between the parallels of 390 and 440 are
found more than one-half of the population,
and seven out of the eight largest cities in the
country — New York, Philadelphia, Brooklyn,
Chicago, Boston, Baltimore and

Cincinnati.

The eighth city, St. Louis, is only a few
miles south of this belt; within which are
also located fifteen out of the twenty cities
of over 100,000 inhabitants, and forty out of
the forty-five cities having over 40,000 in­
habitants.

the area included between the levels of 500

A b o v e 7 5 ............................................................

8.3
20.3
22.9

T riflin g .

1.1

and 1,500 feet; which area comprises also the
greater part of the prairie states and the grainproducing states of the Northwest.

The following table shows the distribution
of the aggregate population according to the

The contour line of 2,000 feet represents,

annual rainfall:

in that part of the country east of the 98th
meridian, practically the limit of population—

Classes—I nches of R ainfall .

settlements above that elevation being few and

P ercentage P opulation
of T otal !
per
P opulation. Square Mile .
i

sparse, and the country being principally made
D egrees

E ast of
70 to
75 to
80 to
85 to
90 to
95 to
100 to
105 to
n o to
115 to
120 to

commerce of the country.

4 ° to 4 5 ...............................................................

of

P ercentage
of T otal
P opulation .

L ongitude .

0.8

7 0 ..
75 .
80.
85.
90.
95.
IOO.
105.
no.
115.
120.
125.

15-8
19.1
18.8
20.4

IS-3

6o° a n d a b o v e ..................................................

1.70

12.7

up of rugged mountain summits and ridges.

55 to 6 0 ........................................................-.. -

5.62

19.7

5 ° to 5 5 ..............................................................

8 .6 0

22.1

45 to 5 0 ...............................................................

25-43

57-7

2 2 .6 4

40.1

That between 2,000 and 3,000 feet constitutes

4 ° to 4 5 ...............................................................
%
35 to 4 0 .......... ...................- ...............................

19.97

38.5

the debatable ground between the arid region

30 to 3 5 ...............................................................

9.96

23.0

of the Cordilleras and the well-watered region

25 to 3 0 ...............................................................

2-43

9.0

20 to 2 5 ........................... ...................................

1.65

3-8
i-3

The area between 2,000 and 5,000 feet
comprises mainly the slope of the great plains.

6.2
0 .4

of the Mississippi valley.

15 to 2 0 ...............................................................

1.06

o -5

country having an elevation greater than 3,000

10 to 1 5 ............................................

...............

0.63

°-5

feet, in the western part of the United States,

B elow 10...............................................................

0.31

°-5

0.4
0.4
1.9

In reference to longitudinal distribution, it

In most of the

irrigation is almost universally necessary for
It will be seen that 68 per cent, of the

the cultivation of crops.

• will be noticed that over one-third of the total

It will be noticed that in the area between

population occupy regions enjoying between

population live east of 8o°, the meridian of

4,000 and 6,000 feet, the population is denser

thirty-five and fifty inches of rainfall annually;

Pittsburgh; over one-half east of 85°, which

than in the grade below.

and more than 86 per cent, where there is a

meridian passes a few miles west of Cincinnati;

fact that many of the most prosperous mining

fall of from thirty to fifty-five inches.

and three-fourths east of 90°, the meridian of

sections of the W est lie at this elevation.

density of population is also the greatest within

St. Louis.

the area above 6,000 feet the inhabitants are

This is due to the
In

The

these limits.

The distribution of population in 1870 and

engaged almost exclusively in mining, and are

The average annual rainfall upon the surface

1880, at different elevations above the sea-level,

found in those states and territories which have

of the United States, exclusive of Alaska, is not

is given below:

the greatest mean elevation, such as Colorado,

far from twenty-nine

New Mexico, Nevada and California.
the country,

having reference to the distribution of the
%
population, that is, giving weight to different

exclusive of Alaska, has been estimated at

parts of the country in proportion to the density

2,600 feet above

of their population, was, in 1880, 42.9 inches.

E levation above S ea
L evel . (F eet .)

P ercentage of
T o tal P opulation .

P opulation per
S quare M ile .

1880.

1870.

1880.

average

elevation
sea level.

of

The average

rainfall,

IOO.................

1 8 .7 6

1 8 .2 5

39-9

5°-5

elevation of the total population has been

In

100 to

S ° ° .................

2 2 .4 4

2 1 .4 8

21 . I

2 6 .3

roughly computed at about 700 feet.

movement towards the region of less rain­

500 to

1,0 0 0 .................

3 9 - 23

37-93

2 7 -3

3 6 -7

1,000 to

I ,5 ° ° .................

1 4 .5 8

I5-76

*5 - 3

2 2 .4

I ,5 ° o to

2,000.................

3-°9

3-75

6 .1

II.I

distribution of population in accordance with

2,000 to

3 ,0 0 0 .........................

i- 3 3

1 .2

2 -3

the mean annual temperature, it appears that

3,000 to

4 ,0 0 0 .................

0 .2 1

0 .2 6

°-3

0 .6

nearly three-fourths of the population

live

ance with the rainfall of the spring and summer

4,000 to

5 ,000.................

0 .2 2

°-3 3

o -3

0 .6

months, that is, during the agricultural season,

6 ,0 0 0 .................

between the isothermals of 450and 6o°, and that

5,000 to

o -35

0 .5 4

0 .7

1 .4

6,000 to

7 ,0 0 0 .................

0 .1 5

O .I9

0 .4

0 .6

an additional 10 per cent, live between 6o° and

shows that more than 94 per cent, live where

7,000 to

8 ,0 0 0 .........................

0 .0 2

0 .0 3

O. I

0 .2

65° mean annual temperature; while above

the rainfall during this period is between fifteen

8,000 to

9 ,0 0 0 .................

0 .0 2

0 .0 5

0 .2

0 .6

and below these isotherms the population is

and thirty inches, and that nearly 62 per cent,

but slight.

are found in the area between the isohyetal

VO

0 to

----

A b o v e 1 0 ,0 0 0 ...................

0 .0 5

1 .0

From the accompanying table, showing the

The densest settlement also is

between the isothermals of 450 and 6o°.

1870 this was

The

O

1870.

The

inches.

43.5 inches, showing a

fall, that is, toward the arid regions of the
W est.
A distribution of the population in accord­

lines of twenty and twenty-five inches.

/

POPULATION.

xlvii

D is trib u tio n o f th e S ex es.— The

T h e C o lo red E lem ent. — Examination

cent.) is found where the mean annual tem­

maps and diagrams upon Plate 23 show, in the

of the map and diagrams descriptive of the

perature is between 50° and 70° Fah.

United States at large, a slight excess of male

colored population shows that the greatest

than 85 per cent, live in the region receiving

population, owing to the preponderance of

proportion of this element is found in South

an annual rainfall of between forty and sixty

males among the immigrants to this country.

Carolina, where it forms about three-fifths of

inches.

In long-settled agricultural regions, under the

the whole

and

are the following: that in the region having

normal conditions, females slightly outnumber

Mississippi more than one-half of the popula­

sixty inches annually, the colored form 43 per

males.

tion are colored.

In Alabama, the District of

cent, of the population, and in that receiving

Columbia, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina

between fifty-five and sixty inches, they form

and Virginia, the colored element forms from

36.5 per cent., while in the region receiving

older states along the Atlantic, with the excep­

one-third to one-half of the total.

fifty to fifty-five inches, more than half the

tion only of Delaware and Florida, females

and Tennessee, from one-fourth to one-third

are considerably in excess, as they are also

are colored.

in Alabama, Louisiana and Tennessee.

W est Virginia and Missouri have the smallest

In ter-State M igratio n .—The

excess of females is more marked in the

proportion of colored population.

Outside the

readiness of Americans to change their place

northern than in the southern of these states,

former slave states the proportion is trifling.

of residence is shown by the fact that, out of a

due, doubtless, to a greater westward emigra­

In the United States as a whole, the colored

total population of a little over 50,000,000, more

tion of males from the former section, and also

element, during the decade between 1870 and

than 9,500,000 were born in states other than

to the presence in the North Atlantic states,

1880, increased slightly. The proportional gains

those in which they now live.

of those classes of manufactures which employ

in colored population were made mainly in the

those who have changed their place of residence

female labor.

former slave-holding states.

without changing their state is still larger.

Am ong the different states a wide diversity
exists in the proportion of the sexes.

In the

The

The overplus of females is

population.

In

Louisiana

In Arkansas

Not less

More striking facts in this connection

inhabitants are colored.

Am ong the former slave states,

O f these South

extreme

The number of

greatest in the District of Columbia, owing,

Carolina stands at the head of the list, and

presumably, to the large number of that sex

Mississippi, Louisiana, North Carolina, Georgia

of the subject of inter-state migrations.

employed in the Government departments.

and Arkansas follow in the order named.

In

the first table the successive columns show,

Texas, Florida, Alabama and Kentucky, there

first, the total native population of each state,

form the majority, the proportion of this sex

was a relative decrease.

In Indiana there was

whether born in the state or elsewhere in the

rising, as a general thing, as the longitude

a trifling increase, during the decade, while

United States; second, the total number born

increases.

Throughout the Mississippi valley,

Kansas, which received most of the so-called

in each state, wherever

generally speaking, the males are slightly in

“ exodus” in 1878-9, suffered a relative decrease,

United States, and, third, the number of resi­

excess, showing that, in this respect, it has not

showing, beyond any question, that the impor­

dents of each state who were born therein:

yet reached the normal condition of an agri­

tance of this movement was greatly exaggerated.

In the other states and territories, males

cultural region.

In the extreme West, where

A s heretofore stated, the census of 1870 was

the principal interests are mining and cattle­

quite imperfect as regards the South, and, it is

raising, immigration, which is largely of the

probable, that the apparent proportional in­

male element, continues to disturb the normal

crease of colored population was not actual, but

equilibrium of the sexes.

Utah shows a much

was due to the defects of the census in question.

smaller excess of males than the other states
character of its immigration, which is mainly of

G e o g ra p h ical D istrib u tion o f the
C o lo red E lem en t.— The fact that the

families, including women and children; and

colored population is confined almost entirely

also, to a certain extent, to the practice of polyg­

to the South Atlantic and Southern Central

amy.

In New Mexico, which has been long

states, indicates that it prefers climatic condi­

settled by descendants of the Spaniards and the

tions characterized by high temperature, heavy

semi-civilized Indians, the relative proportions

rainfall, and great atmospheric humidity.

of the sexes are much the same as in Utah.

a race, it avoids great elevation above sea-level,

and territories of this section, owing to the

As

During the decade between 1870 and 1880,

preferring the low seaboard of the Southern

in the United States, taken as a whole, there

coast, and the midland country of the Atlantic

was a slight increase of males as compared

plain.

with females.

further on, are almost the exact opposites of

In most of the North Atlantic

states, as also in Illinois, Iowa and Missouri,
there was a slight relative increase of females,

These conditions, as will be noticed

those affected by the foreign-born

element

of the population.

while, in nearly all the states and territories of

Dividing the colored population according

the extreme W est there was a very large

to its range above sea-level, it is found that

relative increase of this sex.

about 22 per cent, live at an elevation of less

On the other

hand, males increased relatively in Colorado,
New Mexico and Utah, of the W estern section,

than 100 feet, while more than two-thirds are
found

below 500 feet, and

not less than

and in all the states of the South Atlantic and

93 per cent, below 1,000 feet, leaving only

Southern Central sections, as well as in most

a few thousands at greater elevations.

of those in the Northern Central section.

great mass of the colored population (93 per

The

The following tables present an epitome

States .

Alabama..........................
Arkansas..........................
California......................
Colorado.........................
Connecticut....................
Delaware........................
Florida............................
Georgia............................
Illinois............................
Indiana............................
Iow a................................
Kansas............................
Kentucky........................
Louisiana........................
M aine...............................
M aryland........................
Massachusetts................
M ichigan........................
Minnesota........................
Mississippi......................
Missouri..........................
Nebraska........................
Nevada............................
New Hampshire............
New Jersey....................
New Y o r k ......................
North Carolina..............
O h io................................
Oregon............................
Pennsylvania..................
Rhode Island...............
South Carolina..............
Tennessee........................
T e x a s ..............................
Vermont.. ....................
Virginia ........................
West Virginia. . . . . . . .
Wisconsin........................

now living in the

T otal N ative
P opulation .

1,252,771
7 9 2 A 75
571,820
15 4 ,5 3 7

492,708
1 3 7 ,1 4 0
2 5 9 ,5 8 4
i

,

53 L 6 i 6

2 ,4 9 4 ,2 9 5

1,834,123
1,362,965
886,010

In

T otal B orn
in State .

i

,

3 i 9, i 8o
520,740

Born and
L iving
in State .

1,014,633
4 3 6 ,0 7 7

326,000
26,363
398,211
110,643

355>I 57

31,827
538,832
i 5 5 ,5 i 7
194,518
1,719,068
2,263,409
1,798,490

1 73,481

L 3 9 5 ,2 I 4
1,709,520
1 ,3 5 4 ,5 6 5

9 5 4 ,6 9 5

7 3 7 ,3 ° 6

279,151
1,856,310
817,492

233,066
1,402,112
728,322

5 9 °,o 53

7 4 5 ,2 7 2

852,137

958,141

1 ,3 3 9 ,5 0 4

1,356,295
920,661

563,015
762,641
1,088,565
803,306

1,589, r 73
885,800

1,248,429
5 1 3 ,6 9 7

1,122,388
1,956,802
3 5 4 ,9 8 8

36,613
300,697
909,416
3 , 87 b 492

3 4 b 75o
1,056,993
1,567,284
” 3 ,4 7 8
18,256
371,262
9 0 6 ,0 0 5

4 , 753,547

1 ,3 9 6 ,0 0 8

1 ,6 3 8 ,0 5 8

2 ,8 0 3 ,1 1 9

3 ,3 0 2 ,6 5 6

1 4 4 ,2 6 5

8 1 ,6 0 8

3 ,6 9 5 ,0 6 2

4 ,1 8 4 ,1 8 0

2 0 2 ,5 3 8

b
i,

2 0 1 ,7 2 2

9 8 7 ,8 9 1

1 ,1 8 3 ,3 1 1

525,657
477 , i 33

1,787,504

302,371
863,185
1,268,641
9 5 ,7 0 0
13,732
2 4 2 ,7 5 7

725,614
3 , 556,394
b 344,553
2, 36 i ,437
67,942
3,385,693
152,487
952,395
i, 3 i 3 ,5 S2

9 1 5 ,0 2 0

8 7 0 ,7 0 5

5 i , 78o

2 9 1 ,3 2 7

4 3 0 ,0 4 1

1 ,4 9 7 ,8 6 9

2 ,1 1 8 ,4 6 0

6 0 0 ,1 9 2

4 4 0 ,2 1 3

435,I24
397,267

9 1 0 ,0 7 2

893,945

693,177

2
i

,

The main points of interest in this first
table appear on the surface.

New York stands

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS

xlviii

at the head of the list, having the largest native

from the Eastern states, which have, however,

B y the former, the Western states have been

population, including natives of the state and

contributed by no means equally in proportion

swollen and the Eastern ones depleted.

immigrants from other states, the largest num­

to their population.

In the number of emi­

example, Maine has received but 5 per cent.,

ber of natives of

the state, wherever now

grants to other states, New York naturally

New Y ork 8, Pennsylvania 8, Virginia and the

residing, and the largest number of natives still

leads; then follow Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia,

Carolinas but 4 per cent., and so o n ; while the

remaining in the old homestead.

Illinois, Tennessee, Kentucky and Indiana, in

newer states, to which the current is flowing,

follows, then Ohio and Illinois, the older states

the order named.

have

standing pretty nearly in the order of their total

precedence of Pennsylvania in this respect,

Colorado credits 83 per cent, of her popula­

population.

although by reason of its smaller population

tion to other states, Kansas 74, Nebraska 73,

proportion of inhabitants native to the state is

and

by

Nevada 62, Oregon 53, and Iowa 46 per cent.,

small, this order is no longer followed, nor do

emigration should

The

with at least half a dozen other states closely

the states stand in the same order, by any

explanation is to be found

means, in respect to all three elements presented

condition of population and occupations in

in the different columns.

the two states.

Pennsylvania

In the newer states, where the

more

recent

Ohio unexpectedly takes

settlement,

its

loss

naturally be less.

in the relative

The principal interests of Ohio

received

enormous

accessions.

For

Thus

approaching the last named figure.
Striking a balance between gains and losses,
we find that all of the thirteen original states,

are still agricultural, though manufactures are

except Rhode Island, together with

as showing for each state the absolute and

beginning to assume great prominence.

The

Vermont, Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee, have

relative amounts

state has become too densely settled, generally

made net losses, the others having gained.

speaking, for an agricultural population.

The

New York has sustained a net loss of 882,055,

result must be either a decided change in the

or 23 per cent, of the total native population of

industries of the state, permitting a greater

the state.

number of persons to obtain a livelihood upon

native blood, its native population has increased

the same area, or a considerable emigration.

during the past twenty years about 1,000,000,

The difficulty is receiving its solution in both

or nearly 30 per cent.; a sufficient answer, were

these ways.

answer necessary, to those who claim that the

The second table possesses great interest,
of inter-state

immigration

and emigration, with the gains and

losses

resulting therefrom.
N ative

N ative

E migration .

I mmigration.

States.
N umber.
Alabama...............
A rk a n sa s.............
California.............
Colorado...............
Connecticut..........
Delaware..............
Florida..................
Georgia..................
Illinois..................
Indiana.................
Iowa ....................
Kansas..................
Kentucky..............
Louisiana..............
Maine....................
Maryland..............
Massachusetts_
_
Michigan..............
Minnesota............
Mississippi............
Missouri................
Nebraska..............
Nevada.................
New Hampshire..
New J ersey...........
New Y o rk ............
North Carolina...
Ohio......................
Oregon..................
Pennsylvania........
Rhode Island.. . .
South Carolina__
Tennessee.............
T exas..................
Vermont................
Virginia................
West V irginia._
Wisconsin.............

304,547
84,663
29,157

P er
P fr
.
N umber. Cent .
Cent .
23
l6
8

5,464

17

140,621

44,874

26
29

21,037

II

323,854
553,889

443,925
217,389
46,085

454,198

19
24
25
23
l6

238,138
356,098
245,820
128,174

19
45
43

94,497

19

26,497
86,103
136,402

33
9

784-775
625,659

652,944

74

187,061

12
18

24
11
24
20
20

250,939

H 7,355

13

445,123

II

210,726
259,203
688,161
259,288
22,881

193,808
298,643

17,778
4,524
128,505
180,391

19
19
l6
25
35
20

19

32
26
46

479,558

89,170
182,257
195,500
267,730

39,379

83

157,478
27,038
89,496

57,940

5
II

19
36
41
23
35

73
62

183,802
315,098

19
20
8

51,455

4

441,682

l6

17
19
24
20

76,323
309,369
50,051

53
25

35,496

4
14
41

178,261
683,336

27
5
41
32

212,105
606,428

39.547

42,946
200,768

IO

202,925

14
4
34

22

216,895

24

1, 197,153
293,505
941,219
13,666
798,487

49,235
230,916

473,952
44,315

25
18
28

62,745

8

N et Gain + P er
N et L oss— C ent .

— 66,409
+ 27L 435
+ 216,663
+122,710
-4 6 ,12 4
- 18,377
+65,066
-187,452
+ 230,886
+ 35,633
+ 408,270
+ 606,859
— 267,137
+ 68,308
-15 5 ,2 19
— 106,004
-1 6 ,7 9 1
+ 327,768
+ I 7 L 347
+ 65,395
+ 389,518
+ 241,510
+ 18,357
-70,565
+ 3, 4 H
-882,055
— 242,050
- 499,537
4 62,657
— 489,118
+ 816
-195,420
— 261,847
+ 562,113
-13 8 ,7 14
— 620,591
+ 159,979
+ 16,127

-5
+ 34
+ 38
+ 80

-9

The states east of the Mississippi show

Maine,

In spite of this heavy drain upon its

native population cannot maintain itself without

-13

considerable diversity as regards the ratio of

the assistance of foreign immigration.

+ 25
— 12

native emigration to the total number born

of the older states have sustained even larger

+9
+2
+30
+ 70

in the state.

proportional losses.

-17
+8
— 26
— 12
—I
+26
433
+6
+ 20
+ 68
+ 50
-2 3
+ 0.3

Vermont leads, with a percentage

Others

Vermont has lost 48 per

of 41, then follow New Hampshire with 35,

cent., and still has gained slightly since i860 in

Virginia 32, and Ohio

native population.

28 per cent.

The

Virginia has lost 41 per

average of native emigration for this section

cent., Maine 26, New Hampshire 23, South

is 23 per cent.

Carolina 20, Ohio 18 and North Carolina 17,

The smallest losses of native

population by emigration have been in W est
Virginia, 10 per cent., and

and yet have gained in the native element.
On the other hand, the net gains have been

Florida, 11 per

enormous.

cent.
The Western states, of course, show small

Kansas has received over 600,000,

being an increase of 70 per cent., and is

The contrast between the older

exceeded proportionally by Colorado, whose

-18

and the newer parts of the country in this

accessions have netted 80 per cent, of gain, and

+ 43
-13
+ 0.4

respect, would be still greater if the ratio had

is

been computed between the emigration and

per cent.

-2 3

-1 7

— 20

-17
+38
-4 8
-4 1
+ 27
+2

percentages.

the total native population, inasmuch as the

followed

closely

by

Nebraska

with

68

The course of inter-state migration has

total number born in these newer states is

been mainly along parallels of latitude.

comparatively small.

grants from the North Atlantic states have gone

Emi­

North

mainly to the Northern Central section, and

The two elements of inter-state emigration

Atlantic states by emigration to other states

those from the South Atlantic states to the

and immigration are contrasted in the first

has been mainly made up to them by foreign

Southern Central section; people from Maine

and third columns of the above table.

The

immigration, still the number received from

have settled largely in Michigan, Wisconsin,

second column represents, by percentages, the

neighboring states has not been inconsiderable.

Minnesota and Dakota; those from New York

proportion which the native emigration bears

The reverse has been the case in the states

have generally chosen a more southerly locality,

to the total number born in each state.

of the South Atlantic section.

Not only have

going into Ohio, northern Indiana, Illinois and

they received, practically, no foreign immi­

Iowa; Virginia has overflowed into Kentucky,

gration, but the number of native immigrants

Missouri, southern Indiana and Illinois; North

immigrants and the total native population of

from other

comparatively

Carolina into Tennessee and Arkansas; and

the state.

The fifth column presents the net

small.

Consequently, up to 1870, these states

Georgia into Alabama, Louisiana and Texas.

gain or loss to the state by inter-state migra­

made

slow

tions, and the last column, the proportion which

constantly

such gain or loss bears to the native population

receiving but few accessions.

Although

fourth

column

proportion

shows, by

subsisting

The

percentages, the

between

the

native

of each state.
The main current of migration proceeded

the

states

decrease

has

progress
depleted

been
in

by

in

the

population, being
emigration,

while

Thus far the movement of native population
only

has

been

under consideration.

The

converse of this subject, namely, the inquiry as

The columns of immigration, of course, pre­

to the birth-place of the present inhabitants of

sent the obverse of those concerning emigration.

each state, is, however, of scarcely less interest

POPULATION.

xlix

Thus New York has received its largest con­

from which it appears that within the four

of this section— is in itself sufficient to account

tribution from the state of Pennsylvania, its

decades since 1841, its population has decreased

for this fact.

next

by over 3,000,000.

unfavorable to the inhabitants

largest from

New Jersey, then from

The effect of the almost

Again, the climate is more or less
of northern

Massachusetts, Connecticut and Vermont, in

equally large emigration from Germany is less

Europe.

the

has

marked, owing to the much greater population

other hand, a great variety of manufactures,

received the greatest number from New York,

of that country, but as no census of the German

with the mining of coal and iron, have drawn

and then follow in succession New Jersey,

Empire had been taken prior to 1867, there

thither Irish, Germans, French and Canadians

Maryland,

are few data for comparison.

in large numbers.

order

of

mention.

Pennsylvania

Ohio and Virginia; Virginia has

The small rate

In the northeastern states, on the

In Michigan, Wisconsin,

received a large number from North Carolina,

of increase shown by a comparison of the

Minnesota, Dakota, Iowa and Illinois, immi­

then from Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York

German census of 1871 with that of 1880 is

grants

and Tennessee; Florida from Georgia, South

attributable, in large measure, to emigration.

farming lands.

have

been

attracted

by the

cheap

In this section most of the

Carolina, Alabama, North Carolina and Virginia,

The following table shows the percentage

immigrants

are

in the order named; Texas from Alabama,

of the total foreign-born population contributed

agricultural

pursuits.

Tennessee, Mississippi, Georgia and Missouri;

by the five principal nationalities mentioned,

region the mining interest is the chief attrac­

Colorado from New York, Illinois, Missouri,

as ascertained at each census since 1850:

tive force.

Ohio and Pennsylvania; California from New
York, Missouri, Massachusetts, Ohio and Illinois.

C en su s.

1 8 5 0 ................

the state of Michigan no less than 229,657

i 8 6 0 .................

Ireland.

E nglan d
W ales.

and

4 2 .8 5

From

G er m an y. Sw eden and
D enm ark.

B r it is h
A m e r ic a .

increase gained

slightly

upon

immigration,

n

33-33
2 7 .7 6

I I

every 100,000 of the native population, the

I -75

6 .0 4

foreign population was 1,516 less in 1880 than

4-34

8 .8 6

2 9 .4 4

1 1 .2 4

1 8 8 0 .................

6 .5 8

3°-37

-54

38-93

For

0 .8 0

6-59

1 0 .7 4

2 6 .0 1

. 17

Alabama, Texas has received

93,625, and from Georgia, 61,407.

Cordilleran

3°-83

13-75

1 8 7 0 .................

Ohio.

the

follow

during the decade ending with 1880.

There are residing in

natives of New York, and 86,391 natives of

In

and

In the United States, as a whole, natural
N orw ay,

O f the magnitude of these contributions a few
examples will suffice.

Scandinavians,

in 1870.

In thirty-five of the states and terri­

tories the foreign element decreased relatively,

Iowa has

In 1850 the Irish formed more than two-

received from Illinois 102,820, from Indiana

fifths of all the foreign element, but since that

should be a sufficient answer to those who are

59,278, and from Ohio 120,495.

time their

steadily

fond of asserting the relative decadence of

diminished, until now they form little more

the native population, in comparison with the

than one-fourth.

growth of foreign immigration.

F o re ig n P o p u la t io n —Since

the year

relative

numbers

The

have

English

and W elsh

while it increased in but twelve.

These facts

The relative

1820, official reports have been made of the

element has also diminished slightly in pro­

increase of the foreign

number of foreign emigrants who have arrived

portion, while the Germans increased, between

place in those sections where it was formerly

upon our shores.

The number received prior

1850 and i860, from a little over one-fourth to

greatest; that is, in New England, where it is

to that date is a matter of conjecture only, but

above 30 per cent., and have since held very

employed in manufacturing; in Dakota and

has been estimated by the Bureau of Statistics

nearly the same proportion.

There has been a

Oregon, where the public lands have invited

to be in the neighborhood of 250,000.

steady increase of Scandinavians, and of British

settlement, and in Colorado and New Mexico,

Americans, principally French Canadians.

where the demand for labor in the mines has

For the

period between 1820 and 1880, the number of
immigrants is given by the reports of the
Bureau of Statistics as follows:

The map and diagrams relating to the

element has taken

attracted many immigrants.

general distribution of the foreign population

1821 to 1830..................................................................

• •

1831 to 1840..................................................................

••599,125

1841 to 1850.................................................................

1 , 7 1 3 ,2 5 1

143,439

The total number of natives of the German

show that it is in no state equal to the native

Empire residing in the United ^States was>

element.

in 1880, 1,966,742.

The largest proportion of foreign-

The following table com­

1861 to 1870.................................................................
1871 to 1880 ................................................................

2, 579, 5 8 °
2,282,787
2,812,191

Or a total of 10,130,373 since 1820.

The nativity of this large body of immigrants

born inhabitants is found in the states and

prises the ten states in which are found the

territories of the W estern and of the Northern

largest numbers of this nationality, with the

Central sections.

The proportion is greatest

number in each, and the proportion which

in Nevada, Arizona, Dakota, Minnesota and

1851 to i860................................................................

this number bears to the total number of

California, where it forms more than half the

Germans in the United States:

is shown in the following table of the principal

total population.

sources of immigration between 1820 and 1879:

territories, namely, Rhode Island, Massachusetts,

Ireland........................

3,°65,76i

In thirteen other states and
Sta tes.

N um ber.

P ercen tage
of T otal.

Connecticut, New York, Michigan, Wisconsin,

New Y o rk ....................................................

355 - 9 I 3

18

Nebraska, Montana, W yom ing, Colorado, Utah,

Illinois..........................................................

235,786

Germany....................

3,002,027

England......................

• -891,444

France..................
Sweden and Norway

••3i 3,7i 6

Idaho and Washington, it constitutes between

. .30 6,092

Scotland....................

one-fourth and one-half of the population.

• -

159,547

1 8 4 ,3 2 8

9

Pennsylvania................................................

1 6 8 ,4 2 6

9

is smallest in the Southern Central and South

Missouri. . . .

1 0 6 ,8 0 0

5

Atlantic sections, especially in Virginia, North

Michigan.......................................................

8 9 ,0 8 5

5

Iowa...............................................................

8 8 ,2 6 8

Indiana..........................................................

8 0 ,7 5 6

Minnesota.....................................................

6 6 ,5 9 2

... 8 3 , 7 0 9

Denmark.................. .

. . .4 8 ,6 2 0

and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and

44,319

Mississippi, where the foreign-born form less

. . .70,181

Netherlands..............
Russia........................

•••

...3 8 ,3 1 6

Spain...........................

. . . 28,091

Belgium......................

...2 3 ,2 6 7

Wales..........................

...1 7 ,8 9 3

The effect of the enormous emigration from

xo
10

Wisconsin......................................................

It

Switzerland........ .......
Italy ..........................
Austro-Hungary........

. ..6 5 ,5 8 8

jy/

............................................

3

than 2 per cent, of the natives.
W ith the exception of Florida, Louisiana

It is seen that these ten states, all of which

and Texas, the Southern states have only a

are in the North and Northwest, contain four-

numerically insignificant foreign element.

fifths of all the Germans in the country.

The

Less

Ireland is shown most forcibly by the returns

presence of the colored race— which, from its

than two per cent, of the whole number are

of the different

adaptation to the climate, monopolizes the labor

found in New England.

censuses

of that

country,

SCRIBNER’S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

1

speech of its inhabitants.

The principal num­

The Irish form, next to the Germans, the

Not less than 78 per cent, of all the British

most numerous foreign nationality represented

Americans in the country were contained in the

bers of French in 1880, were found in the

in the United States, the

ten states last enumerated, all but two of

following states:

having been

1,854,571.

number in 1880

Their

distribution,

which, it will be noticed, are on the immediate

Germans, has its center much farther eastward,
as is shown by the following list of the ten
states containing the largest proportion of Irish

the great majority of which were contained in

inhabitants:

the Lake region.
States.

N umber.

P ercentage
of T otal.

Q

The manner in which immi­

8 ,5 2 4

8

grants of this nationality have sought out the

7,9 4 9

8

4,642

A

4 ,4 7 3

A

3 ,7 3 9

2
O

3,203

7

climate and

other conditions

most

closely

New Y o rk....................................................

499,445

27

Pennsylvania................................................

13

Massachusetts..............................................

236,505
226,700

12

Illinois..........................................................

AA/> 4 o
o

6

number and the proportion to the total number

New Jersey..................................................

93,079

5

of Norwegians and Swedes in the country,

O hio..............................................................

/

4

for the ten states in which they are most

Connecticut..................................................

70,638

4

California......................................................

62,962

numerous:

3

Missouri........................................................

48,898

Iowa..............................................................

44,061

approximating those of their native land is
very striking.

3

The following table, shows their

In these states a little more than threefourths of the whole French element of the
country is contained.
Comparing the above tables relating to the

N umber.

States .

Minnesota...................................................

P ercentage
of T otal.

101,697

27

W hile the Germans have largely spread

Illinois...........................................................

westward to the states of the upper Mississippi

Wisconsin......................................................

5 7 ,4 8 7

different nationalities with one another, it will
readily

be

seen

how

the

different

states

mentioned stand in relation to the several

5 9 ,3 8 5

valley and the Lake region, the Irish have

Q

9 ,5 5 °

Norwegians and Swedes numbered 376,066,

Q

9,9 9 2

and Massachusetts, adjoin border states.

19

10,136

northern border, while the two exceptions, Iowa

P ercentage
of T otal.

20,321

while much more general than that of the

N umber.

States .

15

3 9 ,M 5

nationalities.

Thus, New Y ork contains the

greatest number of Germans, Irish, English and

Dakota ........................................................

16,422

5

colonized in the North Atlantic states, espe­

New Y o rk ........................................ ........

1 3 ,3 4 9

4

cially in the southern part of New England,

Michigan......................................................

12,932

3

British Americans it stands third in the list, and

12,565

O

in respect to Swedes and Norwegians sixth.

N eb rask a.....................................................

12,174

3

Pennsylvania................................................

7 ,9 5 6

2

and ir the “ Middle states,” formerly so-called.
The English and Welsh, to the number of
745,978, have spread over the country more
generally than either the Germans or Irish.

Welsh, Scotch and French, while in respect to

The relations of the several foreign ele­
ments to urban and rural life respectively, are

These ten states contained not less than

of interest.

It is impossible, from the tables

most

88 per cent., while Minnesota alone contained

of the census, to make an exhaustive study of

numerous, contain more than three-fourths of

more than one-fourth of all the Swedes and

this subject, but a close approximation to the

their entire number, as follows:

Norwegians in the country.

conditions prevailing may be obtained by con­

The

ten

states

in

which they are

The Scotch, to the number of 170,136, are
N umber.

P ercentage
of T otal.

123,585

A/

Illinois..........................................................

60,012

8

O h io..............................................................

5 5 ,3 i8

8

Massachusetts..............................................

48,136

7

M ichigan......................................................

44,032

<
5

States .

New Y ork....................................................

32,148

4

quite uniformly distributed over the Northern

of the fifty largest cities.

and W estern states.

Those containing the

an aggregate population of 7,713,903, or 15^

largest number of this nationality are given

Pennsylvania................................................

New Jersey..................................................

sidering the nationality of the foreign element

per cent, of the aggregate population of the

below:

country.
States.

N umber.

P ercentage
of T otal.

New Y ork....................................................

28,066

16

20 ,7 3 5

12

These cities contain

The foreign element contained in

them numbers 2,328,347, which is 30^ per cent
of their aggregate population, being more than
twice the proportion of foreign to aggregate

Wisconsin......................................................

30,268

Pennsylvania................................................

California.................................................. ..

26,577

Illinois.................... . ..................................

15,645

9

Massachusetts..............................................

12,507

7

Michigan......................................................

io, 7 3 i

6

not less than 34^ per cent, is found in these

8,946

0

fifty cities, while, as stated above, but 15^ per

Iow a..............................................................

0

The British Americans, who stand numeri­
cally

fourth in order, contributed, in 1880,

717,157 to the population.

They are scattered

closely along the northern boundary of the

New Jersey..................................................

7,633

4

6,885

4

California......................................................

6,465

4

Wisconsin......................................................

5 ,7 7 o

3

United States, from the Atlantic to the Pacific,
The above ten states contain but 70 per

principally in the following states:

cent, of all the Scotch in the United States.
States .

N umber.

Michigan ..................................................................................

148,866

Massachusetts..............................................

119,302

New York.....................................................

84,182

Maine............................................................

0/>AA4

P ercentage
of T otal .

Illinois..........................................................
Minnesota.....................................................
Wisconsin..............................................

17

...

28,965

in the South.

Exception to this statement,

however, should be
5

cent, of the aggregate population is contained
in them.

It is seen, then, that the urban popu­

lation contains far more than its due proportion
of the foreign element.
Turning now to the several nationalities,
the following results appear:

ality

have

been

I n F ifty L argest Cities .
N

a t io n a l it ie s .

N umber.

made in the case of

Louisiana, to which state many of this nation­
attracted, the old

French

O f the

total foreign population in the United States,

distributed quite generally everywhere except

5

29,631

The French also, numbering 106,971, are

population in the country at large.

Germans..........................

P ercentage
of

A

ll.

782,943
849,319

39-8

Irish................................

45-8

4

New Hampshire..........................................

27,142

Vermont........................................................

24,620

0

Iowa.............................................. ...............

21,097

0

English and Welsh........

2 1 5 ,7 5 7

28.9

element of the population probably being the

British Americans..........

I33,6i 4

18.6

attractive

4

Orleans, more than

Norwegians and Swedes

17,585

4-7

any other city in the United States, shows a

Scotch..............................

21,712

3 ° -4

French.............................

4 L 573

38.8

force.

New

distinct French impress, in the customs and

POPULATION.
The last column expresses the proportion

li

fives and even ages, and sinking lower than they

of five and eighteen, including the former and

which the number of each nationality in the

should at other ages.

excluding the

fifty cities bears to the total number of that

one another and so disappear where a term of

almost precisely 30 per cent, of the aggregate

nationality in the country.

years is summarized.

population.

It appears that

every nationality except one, the Swedes and

These errors balance

The average age of the aggregate popula­

The

latter, was 15,065,767, being

following

table

presents by states

Norwegians, affects urban life to a greater

tion is slightly over 24 years.

That of the

the number of children of school age, the

extent than does the aggregate population,

male element is almost precisely 24 years,

natural militia, and the number of males of

and, necessarily, still more so than does the

that of the female

voting age:

native element of the population.

year greater.

and Norwegians are remarkable for the extent

population, including the foreign element, is

to which they affect rural life, while, on the

24.6 years,

other

nearly one-half

years, and that of the foreign element, 38.5 years.

the Irish, and much more than one-third of the

The reason for this manifestly is, that the great

Germans and French, have swarmed into the

majority of immigrants are persons of mature

cities, is highly significant in connection with

age.

the problems of city government.

is but 21.7 years, a fact which sustains the

hand, the

fact

that

of the native whites but 22.2

The average age of the colored element

wide-spread popular belief, that a smaller pro­

G e o g r a p h ic a l D is trib u tio n o f
F o re ig n P o p u la tio n .—Conversely to

portion of the colored race grow to maturity

the habitat of the colored element, the foreign

generally greater.

than of the whites, and that its mortality is

born inhabitants of this country seek com­

The number of females is less than that of

paratively high latitudes and altitudes, and low

males at each year of age up to fifteen years.

temperatures and rainfall.

Ninety-five and a

Beyond that age, the number of females is

half per cent, are found north of the parallel of

slightly greater, with two or three exceptions,

370 the middle latitude of the country, and the
,

to twenty-two years of age.

proportion which the foreign element bears to

seventy-five years, the number of males is, in

the total population of each latitude belt steadily

most cases, slightly greater, beyond which point,

increases northward, until, between latitudes

up to one hundred years, females outnumber

470 and 48°, it reaches nearly 40 per cent, of

males, and at some ages very decidedly.

the total population.

Thence up to

O f the aggregate population, 29 per cent, are

In regard to elevation above sea-level, 37

of the age of ten years or less. This proportion

per cent, are found to be living between 500

is much lower than the normal one, inasmuch

and

as the foreign population enters into it, with its

1,000 feet,

14 per cent, between

100

and 500 feet, and about the same percentage

small proportion of children.

between 1,000 and 1,500 feet.

Below 100 feet

32.8 per cent, were ten years of age or less. O f

there are 28 per cent., principally in the large

the colored element, the percentage for this

seacoast cities of the north.

The greater part

age is considerably greater, being 34.9 per

of the foreign population, amounting to over

cent., a fact which is in complete accord with

87 per cent., is found in the region having a

the smaller average age already mentioned,

mean annual temperature of between 40° and

and with the much greater death rate, which

550 Fah., and about 85 per cent, where the

S t a t e s a n d T e r r it o r ie s .

C h il d r e n o f
School A ge.

Alabam a..................................
421,328
Arizona....................................
7 ,9 2 4
Arkansas..................................
266,075
California..................................
216,393
Colorado..................................
3 6 ,3 7 2
Connecticut..............................
1 5 5 ,5 1 2
Dakota......................................
32,909
Delaware..................................
42,675
District of Columbia..............
4 7 ,7 2 7
Florida......................................
88,445
Georgia....................................
5 ” ,555
Idaho........................................
7 ,4 9 4
Illinois....................................
9 4 3 ,6 5 3
Indiana....................................
620,602
Iowa..........................................
5ro,n o
Kansas......................................
316,029
Kentucky..................................
5 4 6 ,4 5 5
Louisiana..................................
3 oo, i 53
Maine........................................
166,856
Maryland..................................
279,412
Massachusetts..........................
427,526
Michigan..................................
464,382
Minnesota................................
2 3 7 ,5 7 5
Mississippi................................
386,136
Missouri....................................
701,510
Montana....................................
6,696
Nebraska..................................
135,r58
Nevada......................................
1 1 ,3 4 4
New Hampshire......................
79,120
New Jersey..............................
316,421
New Mexico............................
3 5 ,6 9 5
New Y ork................................ U 3 3 7 , 9 l8
North Carolina........................
452,164
O hio..........................................
95 x,27 8
Oregon......................................
50,028
Pennsylvania........................................... 1,260,386
Rhode Island .......................................
68,144
South Carolina........................
330,623
Tennessee .................................................
5 i 5 ,7 oi
Texas .............................................................
5 i 8,9 25
Utah..........................................
48,063
Vermont......................................................
86,270
Virginia .......................................................
4 9 0 ,5 7 4
Washington..............................................
20,421
West Virginia ........................................
206,398
W isconsin................................
405,878
Wyoming..................................
3 ,7 5 4

N atural
M il it ia .

M ales of
V o t in g A g e .

213,192
18,144
159,606
257,229
86,004
127,590

259,884
20,398
182,977
3 2 9 ,3 9 2

93,608
177,291

4 5 , 7 88

51,603
38,298

30,361
3 5 ,4 H

4 5 ,8 7 3

5 1 ,8 0 7

61,699

2 7 5 ,8 1 5

3 2 1 ,4 3 8

11,726
6 5 L 3 IO
407,650

7 9 6 ,8 4 7
4 9 8 ,4 3 7

3 3 3 ,8 9 0

416,658

2 2 3 ,3 3 8

265,714
376,221

14,795

3 1 3 ,1 3 6

W3 , 7 3 i

00

The average age of the white

*
0
H

The Swedes

element one-tenth of a

4 5 9 ,2 0 9

187,323
232,106
502,648
467,687
213,485
238,532
541,207

18,147
112,884

129,042

1 27,975

182,609
3 7 3 ,2 8 4
3 7 L I40

174,681
203,080

2 1 ,5 4 4

25-967
70,410
230,054
28,452

3 ° ° ,6 3 5
3 4 ,0 7 6

1 , 0 5 0 ,7 7 5

1,408,751

241,140
647,092

826,577

3 L 255
105,138

2 9 4 ,7 5 0

48,783

5 9 ,6 2 9

8 5 3 ,9 7 2

1,094,284
76,898
205,789

5 7 ,8 5 4

will be noticed hereafter.

annual

rainfall

ranges

from thirty to fifty

inches.

O f native whites,

O f the aggregate population 50.3 per cent,
were under twenty-one years of age.

This,

170,922
276,895
332,120
26,480
64,r62
264,033
22,542
114,664

3 3 0 ,3 0 5

380,376
3 2 ,7 7 3
9 5 ,6 2 1
3 3 4 ,5 0 5

27,670
139,161
340,482
10,180

2 5 6 ,4 3 4
9 ,7 5 1

T h e D efective Classes.—Under

this

name are grouped by the census the insane,

too, includes the foreign element, which greatly

idiotic, blind and deaf-mutes.

modifies the result.

O f white natives 55.7 per

obtain full and satisfactory statistics regarding

lications of the tenth census present tables

cent, are under that age, leaving 44.3 per cent,

these classes of the population have heretofore

showing the population of the country, classified

of twenty-one years

O f the

been attended with very indifferent success,

by age and sex, and by each several year of

colored, 56.5 per cent, are under twenty-one, a

although each succeeding census has made

age.

So great detail in a classification of this

proportion greater than that of the native

advances toward completeness.

kind

was

whites by 0.8 per cent.

each census apparently shows a much greater

A g e o f the P o p u la tio n .— The

census.

not

attempted

in

pub­

any previous

and

upward.

Attempts to

The fact that

A s regards single years, the value

The total number of the natural militia,

proportion of the population to be in this class

of the tables is much impaired through the fact

that is, of males between the ages of eighteen

than was indicated by its predecessor, has been

that many persons, especially of the colored

and forty-five, was 10,231,239, or a fraction less

interpreted by alarmists as indicating that the

race, did not know their ages, and when ques­

than 20 per cent, of the aggregate population.

population

tioned by the enumerators, were more apt to

The total number of males of twenty-one years

direction.

give their ages as multiples of ten, or five, or

of age or over, was 12,830,349, or 25.8 per cent,

has been more nearly ascertained.

as even numbers rather than odd numbers.

of the aggregate population.

such diseases are on the increase or decrease,

Hence it is that the tables in question present a

children of school age, which has been set

these figures do not indicate.

rather uneven appearance, rising at the tens,

arbitrarily by the census as between the ages

no statistics of value were obtained.

The number of

is

rapidly

deteriorating

in

this

The fact is simply that the truth
Whether

Prior to 1850
The

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

H
i

following table shows the absolute number of

more than 44 per cent., were in hospitals or

fact that dependent women are largely provided

defectives in the country, as returned by the

asylums.

for by relatives and friends.

last four censuses:

idiots, or 2,429, were in training schools for

numbered 44,106, and foreign paupers 22,961.

the feeble-minded.

The former constitute 0.10 per cent, of the

1880.

1870.

i860.

1850.

Insane..................

9 I >997

3 7 ,4 3 2

24,042

15,610

Idiotic..................

76,895

2 4 ,5 2 7

18,930

15,787

Blind....................

48,928

20,320

12,658

9 ,7 9 4

Deaf-Mutes.........

3 3 ,8 7 8

16,205

12,821

9 ,8 o 3

Total..........

251,698

98,484

68,451

' 5 ° ,9 3 4

A little more than 3 per cent, of the
In schools and homes for
per

native population, the latter 0.34 per cent, of the

cent., and of the deaf-mutes there were in

foreign element, showing a very large propor­

home

tional excess of foreigners.

the blind there were 2,158, or less than

The distinction between insanity and idiocy
is not well defined, and is to a certain extent
arbitrary.

schools,

very great.

total of each element, is, in the case of whites

race:

0.14 and of colored 0.09, showing a much
smaller proportion of the colored population
M ale .

85,840

4 ,0 0 7

9 ,5 7 9

4 0 ,5 9 9

8 ,3 2 9

4 M 78

7,650

3 °, 5 ° 7

3,3 7 1

30,661

3 ,2 i 7

T o ta l... 1 3 5 ,0 3 2 116,666 209,645

42,053

225,095

26,603

Deaf-Mute.

physically,

and

the number of cases upon the border line
between health and disease, especially in the
case of insanity, is very great.

Again, there is

great and very natural reluctance, for obvious
reasons, to making known even to the census
officials, the fact that relatives and friends are
mentally or physically defective.

The greater

success which has attended the work of the
later censuses in obtaining full statistics is due
not only to a better system and more thorough
canvassing, but also to the fact that a much
larger proportion of these unfortunates are
now placed in asylums and homes for these

in alms-houses than of whites.

6 ,1 5 7

67,316

cal and mental soundness and unsoundness.
or

F emale. N ative . F oreign . W h ite . Colored.

26,346

Insane.......
B lind........

mentally

W hite paupers numbered 61,310, colored,

of the defective classes, by sex, nativity and

hard-and-fast line to be drawn between physi­

either

those in day

5,757; which, reduced to percentages of the

Idiotic----

sound,

counting

The following table shows the distribution

In the first place, there is no

Speaking strictly, few or none are perfectly

not

schools, 5,267, or nearly 16 per cent.

The practical difficulties to be over­

come in an enumeration of these classes are

The native paupers

44,408

4 7 ,5 8 9

65,651

4 5 ,3 0 9

3 *, 5 86

72,888

26,748

22,180

18,567

I 5 ,3 n

T h e D e lin q u e n t C l a s s —The total
number of prisoners held in confinement on
June 1, 1880, was 59,255, or one in each 846 of
the total population. This includes unconvicted

It appears that, the sexes being nearly

prisoners and such of the insane as are held in

equal in number in the United States, women

jails for safe-keeping, but does not include

are more liable to insanity than men, owing,

prisoners held for debt, or as witnesses. Neither

doubtless, to their relatively weaker nervous

does it include 11,340 inmates of juvenile

systems and more emotional temperaments.

reformatories.

On the other hand, men are more subject to
the other forms of disease.

The native popula­

The following is the distribution of these
prisoners under various forms of confinement:

tion is much less liable to insanity than to the

In penitentiaries, mostly at hard labor................................ 30,623

other defects now under consideration, and has

In workhouses and houses of correction, mostly at hard

a smaller proportion of the blind than of the
idiotic or deaf-mute.
foreigners

On the other hand,

are very liable to insanity, due,

doubtless, to change of climate and separation

labor................................................................................

7,864

In jails, mostly in idleness...................................................... 12,815
In city prisons, calabooses, station-houses, etc..................... 1,572
At work outside of prisons...................................................... 4,883
In military prisons....................................................................
493
Miscellaneous............................................................................

1,005

in families.
The following table shows the number in
each class, at each decennial period, in every

1880.

1870.

i860.

1850.

Insane..................

1,834

971

765

Idiotic..................

636

602

Blind....................

i ,5 3 3
976

673
681

527

4°3

422

Deaf-Mutes.........

675

420

408

423

Total........

5 ,o i 8

2 ,5 5 4

00

million of inhabitants:

2,199

from friends and wonted surroundings, while

O f the total number of prisoners, 54,186

the tendency to idiocy is comparatively slight.

were males and 5,069 females, showing a very

O f blindness, this class has more than its due

large excess of crime among males; 46,338

proportion, and of deaf-mutism slightly less

were natives, or 0.11 per cent, of the native

than its share.

The colored element has com­

population, and 12,917 foreigners, or 0.19 per

paratively little tendency toward insanity, its

classes, instead of being privately cared for

cent, of the foreign element, indicating a con­

due proportion of idiocy, and more than its

siderable

proportion of blindness.

the foreign-born; 42,294 of the prisoners were

disproportion

of criminals among

white and 16,961 were colored, or 0.10 per

T h e D ep en d en t Class.—The

cent, of the former as against 0.26 of the latter.

of pauperism of the Tenth Census are, as

Much the greater portion of the commitments

regards inmates of almshouses, very complete.

of the latter class were, however, for minor

It must be confessed that it is somewhat

O f that class who are aided by the public purse,

misdemeanors.

startling to note that one in every two hundred

outside of almshouses, however, the statistics

of our population is so defective as to be

are confessedly so incomplete as to be of no

censuses,

enumerated

value whatever, not a tithe of this class, prob­

astonishing progress in this country.

ably, having been enumerated.

the number of prisoners returned was 13,474;

JO
M

statistics

in one or the other of these

classes.

According

to

crime

the

returns

of

previous

has apparently made most
In 1850

W hile there was a slight decrease in the

The total number of paupers enumerated in

in i860, 38,172, an increase of nearly 200 per

total between 1850 and i860, there was on the

almshouses in 1880 was 67,067, or one in 748

cent.; in 1870, 32,901, an apparent falling off;

other hand, from i860 to 1870, an increase

of the population.

and in 1880, 59,255, an apparent increase of

relative to the population of more than 17 per

when compared with similar statistics in other

80 per cent.

cent., and from 1870 to 1880 the proportion was

countries.

earlier censuses were so incomplete, however,

apparently nearly doubled.

This is a small proportion,

The criminal statistics of the

This enormous

O f this number, 35,952 were males, and

increase is accounted for in large part by the

31,115 females, showing, as the sexes are nearly

question, whether crime is on the increase or

greater accuracy of the last census.

equal in number in the country, a considerable

decrease, as compared with population, must,

excess of male paupers, due, doubtless, to the

therefore, for the present remain unanswered.

O f the total number of insane 40,942, or

as to be utterly untrustworthy.

The important

P l a te 2 2

P late 2 2

TO TA L

■B

P O P U LA TIO N

AVERAGE

DENSITY

B Y C O U N TIE S.
:;:,]Fr.BER.THO'aD
M \ s > .,402 9 . ,
;

BO ISE FORTE;
i 797 6
I

(Based on tlie Returns of the Tenth Census.)
(Tv e r >

IBAGOSHISH

1880

ONTONAGON^

lE
O
.. CLIFF
P O IN T E ',
J 36
3

^§
|f§ §
T R A V E R SE L /f:

CROW) C R E E K I

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiilL

CL‘ve

f—

n e b r i.

«

Q cf‘ io O * °

Total Population, per Square Mile,

Rank State.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
87
36
35
84
33
82
81
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Wyo..
Mont. .
A riz. .
Ida. ..
N e v ...
D a k ...
N .M ex
Wash.U tah..
O re g ..
Colo. .
Fla. . .
Cal. ..
N eb r..
T e x ...
M inn..
Kans.A rk ...
L a ___
M e ....
W is ...
Miss. .
Ala. ..
W .V a.
G a---M ich..
N .C ...
Io w a .
M o ....
S.C. ..
v t . ...
Term.Y a ....
N .H ...

Per
Sq.

.. i

Mile.
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.9
1.0
i .i
1.7
1.8
1.9
5.0
5.5
5.9
6.1
9.8
12.2
15.1

20

UNORGANI E
Te r r , i

m
IN D E X

w fiPPA Wne
ttM Qc— /
n fa <
■ ■ ■ I

m
JM G
-N O

8m
ACOMA!

From 2 to 5 per Square Mile.

If
K
®
(RINGS

M
B
IK W MtfW
mv :
m m m

a a IR
Sc„ 0
l o

— 1 ,8 0 0 -

Ind. ..
Del. ..
O h io ..
Md. ..
P a ....
N .Y ...
Conn.N .J .. .
M ass..
R .I—
D .C . .. 2,960.4

Over 120
because of its sm all a re a, th e color line is om itted.

Indian Reservations.

Unsettled Parts.
Rank

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
87
30
35
M
‘
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
20
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
10
15
14
13
12
ii
10
9
8

(Dnder

aper sq. m . l .

State.

W yo...
Ida. ..
Mont. .
A riz. .
N e v ...
Wash.N. Mex
D a k ...
U tah..
Del. ..
O re g ..
D .C ...
C o lo ..
Fla. . .
R .I___
V t.. ..
N .H ...
N eb r..
W .V a.
Conn.M e ....
M inn..
A rk ...
Cal. ..
M d ....
L a.. ..
S.C. ..
K ans.N .J. ..
Miss. .
Ala. ..
W is ...
N .C ...
V a .. ..
G a .. . .
T en n ..
T e x ...
Io w a .
M ich..
K y ....
7 M ass..
6 Ind. ..
5 M o ....
4 m ......
8 O hio..
2 P a . . ..
1 N .Y ...

Rank

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Class.

Number.

C hinese............
C o lo re d ...........
F o re ig n ...........
F e m a le s .........
M a le s ..............
N ative, w hiteW hite...............
N a tiv e ........ . . .
T o ta l................

105,465
6,580,793
6,679,943
24,636,963
25,518,820
86,843,291
43,402 970
43,475,840
50,155,783

BY STATES,

5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

1 S2
2

n .u e x .

IN D E X .
A la .

-17 K y ,... 8 N .C ...15
Ariz. .44 L a ... .22 O hio.. 3
Ark. .25 Me---- 27 Oreg. .37
Cal. . .24 Md. ..23 P a ... . 2
Colo. .35 M ass.. 7jR.I— 33
Conn. -28 M ich.. 9 S.C. ..21
Dak. .40 M inn.-26 Tenn.-12
Del. . .38 Miss. .18 T e x ... 11
D.C. .36 M o .... 5 U tah.. S9
Fla. .
M ont.. 45 V t... .32
Ga.
N ebr. -30 Y a— 14
Ida. _
Nev. ..43 Wash.-42
N .H ...31 W .Va.29
N .J ..19 W is...l6
Io w a
N.Mex. 41 Wyo. .47
Kans. -20IN.Y... 1

Centre of Population.

2 0,00
,20 0
2,300,000
2,400,000
5 0 0 ,0 0 0

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS.

E X P L A N A T O R Y .—T he m o re Im p o rta n t s ettlem e n ts
in th e U n se ttled P a rts , a re in d ic a te d by sm all o p en spaces,
m a rk e d b y b o rd e r lines in color. As a ru le , settle m e n ts o f
less th a n seventy-five p erso n s a re n o t in d ic a ted . T he irreg ­
u la r o p en sp aces o fte n in clu d e tw o o r m o re neig h b o rin g s e t­
tlem ents.
T he lo catio n o f In d ian R eserv atio n s, th e n am es o f trib es
an d th e ir n u m e ric a l stre n g th , a re ta k e n fro m th e m ap
accom panying th e R e p o rt on In d ia n A ffairs fo r 1880. T he
n o rth e a s t c o rn e r o f tn e In d ia n T e rrito ry w a s o ccu p ied b y
seven sm all trib e s, w h o se n u m e ric a l s tre n g th w a s b u t 911.
No c en su s w as ta k e n o f In d ian s in th e T e rrito ry , b u t th e ir
n u m b e r h a s b een e stim ate d a t 70,000.

P la te 2 3

P la te 2 3

RETROSPECT. (Ratio o f Males to Total Population.)

-------------------

SC A LE:

Census. Per Cent.

51.04
51.16
50.56
50.88

f C° LvlLi
wM mw,

WMb ,.
d
■

SEXES,

WM$¥A
n

B Y C O U N TIE S.
(Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.)

■ .'berthoi!d
t
8 1»,f02 9 ; :I

BOISE FORTE

1 9 6; :; ,
,7 7

LAKE
WHITE]
EARTH

1880

tW N
iN E

LBAGOSHIbH

2,112

.

2,5&oj
F O N D d .L A C p -

/

OT NC
N O A gj|

.

I ;: aoJTP W r I - %

1 1 $&: l |i
5
■ f e j- 31
SfP L yf I A

■

ac cou

T AE S*
RVRE

T ff

liTfiT j rAR IL
Ti
EJ

w> \\i| c
n
S

'

C O ]C E K
R w RE

H»Hin

9

I Denver

Ratio of the Predominant Sex to Total Population,
by States, 1880.
—^ S
C
Rank State.

A
Per Cent. L
Females. Males.

47 Me. .
46 P a ___

:

50.1
50.1

44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

E

50.1
50.1

L a ....
Yt
O h io ..
N ,T
K y ....
Del. ..
M d ....
Fla. ..
Va.
N .Y ...
S.C. . .
W .V a.
N.C.
N.II.

:EM
iNu(

pIC f
A

50.2
50.5

UNORGANISED
Te r r ; p i s

50.5
50.5
50.5

50.5

50.6
50.61
50.7
50.7
50.7
50.7
50.9
50.9
50.9

111.
W is...

.......
M ich..
D .C ...

52.9

50.9 1

Cal. ..
Wash.-

W yo...

N.MEX.
Between 50# and 50^$ of entire pop.

51.1!
51.5'
51.7
51.8

’P iN S
R G

51.9

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
21
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Wyo. .
Ida. ..
Mont. _
A riz. .
N ev...
Wash.N. Mex
D a k ...
U tah..
Del. . .
O re g ..
D .C ...
C o lo ..
Fla. -R .I_
_
Vt. . . .
N .H ...
N eb r..
W .Va.
Conn.M e ....
M inn..
A r k ...
Cal. ..
M d .. .
La. . . .
S .C .. .
K ans..
N .J ...
Miss. .
Ala. . .
VVis.. .
N .C .. .
[V a ....
G a___
T enn.T e x ...
Io w a ..
M ich..
K y ....
M ass..
Ind. . .
M o ....
Ill___
O h io ..
P a ....
N .Y ...

Females.

Males.

6,637
10,792
10,982
12,238
20,247
29,143
55,069
52,881
69,454
72,500
71,387
94,046
65,196
133,049
143,501
165,399
176,465
203,161
303,962
316,918
324,878
361,624
386,246
346,518
472,756
471,192
505,169
459,429
571,194
564,420
639,876
635,428
711,842
768,970
779,199
773,082
753,909
776,479
774,582
816,100
924,645
967,940
1,(Ml,193
1,491,348
1,584,126
2,146,236
2,577,549

14,152
21,818
28,177
28,202
42,019
45,973
64,496
82,296
74,509
74,108
103,381
83,578
129,131
136,444
133,030
166,887
170,526
249,241
314,495
305,782
324,058
419,149
416,279
518,170
462,187
468,754
490,408
536,667
559,922
567,177
622,629
680,069
687,908
745,589
762,981
769,277
837,840
848,136
862,355
832,590
858,440
1,010,361
1,127,187
1,586,523
1,613,936
2,136,655
2,505,322

ppm 1
?
|Mas ^ l !B0
p „

■ « INDEX,

52.0
52.2
52.6
52.7

Ala. -.34 M o ... .19
A riz. 2 Mont. 1
A rk.. .21 N ebr. .11
Cal. . 9 N ev.. 4
Colo. 6 N .H .. .28
Conn.-27'N.J. . .40
D ak. . 3 N .M exl2
Del. . .37 N .Y .. .32
D .C .. .15|N .C .. .29
Fla. . .35 Ohio. .41
G a ... .38 Oreg. .10
Ida. . 5 P a . . . .46
i n . . . .25 R .I .. .20
Ind. . .26 S.C. . .31
Iow a .18; Tenn. .44
K ans -13! T e x .. .17
K y -- .39 Utah. .23
I . a . .. .43 V t . . . .42
M e... .47 Va .. .33
M d .. .36 Wash - 7
Mass. .22 W .Va.30
Mich. .16 W is.. .24
Minn -14 Wyo. . 3
Miss. .45

Distribution of Sexes,
by States, 1880.
Rank State.

KEY
Males Females

I subta

53.7
53.9
53.9
55.1
59 2
59.91
60.9
61.2
66.5
66.9
67.5
68.1
69.71
72 0

K ans.N .M f.x

'/P £ 0
P C8

6O'NO
DMG
■ g
t-P

.pueblo
-L50.ev_

51.9
R .I___
51.9
M o .... ............

W Q ESU U
fpi'U Fe

|U | . .
EN

Z ^ TVS J»
CO

,i

papag
o

/ . 6,000 .:.

INDEX,

SCALE
100,000

200,000

300,000
400,000
5 0 0 ,0 0 0
000,000

700,000
800,000
900,000
1 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
,
1, 100,000

Over 57#

Ala. . .17 M o .. . 5
A riz. .44 M ont..45
A rk .. 25 N eb r.. SO
C l . . 24 Nev. ..43
’a
Colo. .85 N .II... 31
Conn. -28 N .J . ..19
D ak. _ 40 IV. Mex41
Del. . 38 N .Y ... 1
D.U.. 36 N.C. ..15
Fla. . 34 Ohio. . 3
G a ... 13 Oreg. .37
Ida. . 46 P a . . . . 2
111. . . 4 R.I. . .33
Ind. . 6 S.C. ..21
Iow a. -10 Teim.-12
Kans. .20 T e x .--11
K y ... 8 U tah.. 39
L a .. . .22 V t... .32
M e... .27 V a_ 14
_
M d .. .23 Wash.-A'l
Mass. 7iW.Va.29
Mich. 9 Wis. ..16
Minn. -26 Wyo. .47
Miss. .18

Indian Reservations.

BY STATES,
1880.

,

kans.

1 200,000

1,300,000

\

1,400,000
1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0
1, 000,000

1700,000
1,800,000
1 900,000
2 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
2, 100,000

!,200
0,00
2 300,000
2,4(0,000
2 ,5 0 0 , 0 0 0

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

if

* T£NN-

Unsettled Parte.

P late 2 4

P O P U L A T IO N

SCALE:

1*

Census. Per Cent.
1850
1860
1870
1880

iid L

15.69
14.13
12.66
18.18

vr:
c«Ul

lU/Vg'

T

*
2

__
i---------------------i'1
i

i

•T ;
V
i

.

— 1-

<VA?’

•— J
-----

/
Ratio of Colored Population to Total
Population, by States, 1880.
Rank State.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Utati. .
Id a .-..
N .H ...
M inn..
W is ...
M e ....
O reg..
Dale. ..
V t___
A riz. .
Wash.N e b r..
Io w a .
Cal. ..
N e v ...
If. Mex
M ont. .
M ich..
M ass..
C o lo ..
N .Y ...
Wyo. .
i n .......
C onn.Ind. . .
P a .. ..
R .I—
O h io ..
N . J . ..
W .V a.
K a n s..
M b ....
K y ....
Del. . .
Md. ..
[T ex...
T enn.A rk ...
D .C ...
N .C ...
V a .. . .
Fla. ..
G a—
A la ...
L a.. . .
Miss. .
S.C. ..

Per
Cent.

!*oapa,
I »0o

"O-

in d e x ;

.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.8
.9
.9
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.3
2.5
3.4

«

Ala. .. 4 Mo. . .16
A riz. .38 Mont. .81
A rk. ..1 0 Is e b r..36
C a l.. 34N ev...33
Colo. .28 N .II...4 5
Conn. .24 N .J. ..19
Dak. ..40 N.Mex'62
Del. ..14 N .Y ... 27
D .C .. . 9 N .C .. . 8
Fla. . . 6 O h io ..20
Ga . . . 5 Oreg. .41
Ida. ..46 Pa. ...2 2
111....... 25 R .I....2 1
Ind. ..23S .C . .. 1
Io w a .85 T en n .. 11
K a n s ..l7 T e x . ..12
K y-----15 U ta h .A I
La. . . . 3 V t. ...3 9
M e ....42 V a .. . . 7
M d___13
M ass.. 29 W .Va. 18
Mich. .30 Wis. ..43
Minn. .44 IVyo. .26
Miss. . 2.

\

Y

■
./■

? pueblo

„ 'SL£,TA

n . mex .

WA 7
< .-3
w

,G,L R £|
A »V
-1^?,000

--------:rj

ESCa le r o A. ACHE
p
200

6
<

8
*

10 1%
* 2

:!:
7 I pA G
PA 0
I 6,000

14%

22 5
24.7
26.1
26.3
33.6
38.0
41.8
47.0
47.0
47.5
51.5
57.5
60.7

------- • ! -

5 0

127,

*

52*

54*

Colored
Population.

53
155
232
298
325
346
401
487
488
685
1,015
1,057
1,451
1,564
2,385
2.435
2,702
6,018
6,488
9,516
11,547
15,100
18,697
25,886
26,442
38,853
39,228
43,107
46,368
59,596
65,104
79,900
85,5.35
126,690
145,350
210.230
210,666
271,451
393,384
403,151
483,655
531,277
600,103
604 332
631,616
650,291
725,133

56*

19i
2
68*

60

*

v:
V

IN D E X .

SCALE:

A la. . . 5 M o ....13
A riz. .46 Mont. .42
A rk ... 11 N eb r.. 33
Cal. ..30 N ev...39
Colo. .32 N .H ...38
C o n n ..27 N .J. ..22
D a k ... 41 N.MexWt
Del. ..23 N .Y ...17
D.C. ..18 N .C ... 6
Fla. ..14 O hio..16
G a___ 1 Oreg. .40
Ida. ..47 P a ___ 15
111....... 19 R .I— 29
In d . ..21 S.C. . . 4
Io w a .28 Tenn._ 8
K ans..20 T p t
K y— 10 Utah. Ah
L a . . . . 7 V t. ...3 6
Me. ...3 5 V a .. . . 3
Md___12 Wash.-4^
M ass..25 W .Va. 24
M ich ..26 W is ...31
M inn..34 Wyo. .44
Miss. . 2,

100,000 C olored Persons.
Ida. ..
A riz. .
U tah..
Wyo. .
Wash.Mont. .
D a k...
Oreg. .
N e v ...
N .II...
N .M ex
V t. . . .
M e ....
M inn..
N ebr.
Colo. .
W is ...
Cal. It.I—
Io w a .
Conn.M ich..
M ass..
W .Va.
Del. ..
N .J. ..
In d . ..
K an s..
111. .
D .C ...
N .Y ...
O h io ..
Pa. . . .
Fla. ..
M o ....
M d ....
A r k ...
K y ....
[T e x ...
T e n n ..
La. . . .
N.C. ..
Ala. ..
S.C. ..
V a .. ..
Miss. .
G a .. . .

i 54

26*

(Of A fric a n d e sc e n t only.)

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
3)
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

.-T
::

—

r.v ;
i:-

20%

Colored Population, by States, 1880.
Rank State.

- .

200,000

300,000

400,000

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

GO
O ,000

700,000

Chinese and North American Indians.
Number of Colored Persons to 1,000 Whites.
(Given in n e a re s t w hole num bers.)
Rank

4
38
10
34
28
24
40
14
9
6
5
46
26
23
35
17
15
3
42
13
29
31
43
2

State.

Number. Rank State. Number.

Ala. ..
906
4
A riz. .
A rk ...
356
Cal.
8
Colo. 13
Conn.19
D ak...
3
Del. ..
220
D .C ...
505
Fla. ..
888
G a___
888
Ida. ..
2
Ill.......
15
Ind. ..
20
Io w a .
6
Ivans.45
K y ....
197
L a___ 1,063
M e ....
2
M d .. .
290
M ass..
11
M ich..
9
o
M inn..
Miss. . 1,356

16
30
36
32
45
19
33
27
8
20
41
22
21
1
11
12
47
39
7
87
18
44
25

M o ....
M ont..
N eb r..
N e v ...
N .H ...
N .J. ..
N .M ex
N .Y ...
N .C ...
O h io ..
O reg ..
P a ....
R .I. ..
S.C. ..
[Tenn.T e x ...
U tah..
V t . . ..
V a ....
Wanh.W .V a.
W is...
Wvo. .
U.N....

72
10
5
9
2
36
9
13
613
26
3
20
24
1,545
354
329
2
3
717
5
44
2
15
152

(T otal n u m b e r of each class in each S tate.)
State.
Ala. ..
A riz. .
A rk ...
Cal. . .
Colo. .
Conn.D a k ...
Del. ..
DC.
Fla. ..
G a .. ..
Ida. ..
Ill.......
Ind. ..
Io w a .
K ans..
K y ....
M e ....
Md. ..
M ass..
M ich..
M inn..
Miss. .

Chinese. Indians.*
4
1,630
133
75,132
612
123
238
1
13
18
17
3,379
209
29
33
19
10
489
8
5
229
27
24
51

213
3,493
195
16,277
154
255
1,391
5
5
180
124
165
140
246
466
815
50
848
625
• 15
369
7,249
2,300
1,857

State.
M o ....
M ont. .
N eb r..
N e v ...
N .II...
N .J. ..
N .M ex
N .Y ...
N .C ...
O h io ..
O re g ..
P a .. ..
R .I—
S.C. ..
Tenn.T e x ...
Utah .
v t ___
V a ....
Wash.W. Va.
W is...
Wyo. .

Chinese.
91
1,765
18
5,416
14
170
57
909

Indians.

109
9,510
148
27
9
25
136
501

113
1,663
235
2,803
63
74
9,772
819
1,230
130
1,694
184
77
131
352
992
807

6
3,186
5
1(1
914
105,465

85
4,405
20
3.161
140
66.407

* Indians taxed . Those in trib es u nd er the
care o f th e G overnm ent are n ot included.

A
________ t --------------iCOPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CH

1

P la te 2 4

P la t e 2 5

P la te 2 5

POPULATION"

RETROSPECT.

(Ratio o f Foreign Born to Total Population.)

SC A LE:

Censu*.; Per Cent.
1850
1860
1870
iaso

1*

»

31

4t

9.68
13.13

%)

m

y '
"i

1

y ~ \ ,

$
t~-

I 7 I

Ratio of Foreign-Born to Total Population,
by States, 1880.
Rank State. f Per
[Cent.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
20
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

N .C ...
G a---Ala. ..
S.C. ..
Miss. .
V a .. . .
T enn.A rk ...
W .Va.
Ivy . . .
Fla. ..
La. . . .
Del. ..
N .M ex
T e x ,..
Ind. ..
M d .. .
M e ....
D .C ...
M o ....
K an s..
V t. . . .
O h io ..
N .H ...
Pa. . ..
Io w a .
O re g ..
Ill___
N .J. ..
Colo. .
Conn.Wash.N eb r..
M ich..
N. Y ...
M ass..
R .I—
Wyo. .
M ont..
Utah..
Ida. ..
W is...
V al. . .
Minn.Dak. ..
A riz. .
N e v ...

|

scale:

2
*

.3
.7
.8
.8
.8
1.0
1.1
1.3
3.0
3.0

4%
6t

/■

3i

I

r ;J - ~ ---------- ------------- j ____ ___ ______ 92 | 93 94

./

i

v
.;
9.1
9.6
9.8
11.1
12.3
12.3
13.3
13.7
16.1
17.5
19.0
19.6
20.5
20.9
21.0
21.5
23.7
23.8
24.9
26.8
28.1
29.4
30. G
30.6
30.8
y 33.9
f 34.3
’ 38.3

A m i:! s f
11

ACOMA

istEra

A riz. .
A rk ..
A la ...
C a l.. .
Conn.-:
C o lo ..:
D ak...
D .C ..A
Del. .A
Fla. .A
G a___ <
Ida. ..
Ill___ i
Iow a
Ind. .A
Kalis. A
K y ....{
La. ..A
Minn..
Mont..
Mass. .1
Mich.,1
Mo---- £
Me..

1 «

S3

1 13

—

'.A . .
N e v ... 1
N .Y ...13
N e b r..l5
N .J. ..19
N: II. .24
N .M ex 34
N .C ...4 7
O re g .. 21
O h io .. 25
P a .. ..2 3
R.
S. C. . .44
T e x ... 33
T e n n ..4 l
U tah.. 8
V t. ...2 0
V a___42
W is ... 6
Wyo. .10
Wash.A 6

95

UNORGANIZED

2 |'2 : :
1 2
fSCALERO--.
A pA CH £
U
—
1,200-—__

| 26

i

u ii®

26*

21 I: 85

papago

/ 6,000 .

I . . .11
3 0

*

‘ G I 77

! 178 :

7'j

3%
2
31%

3G%

as%
4 0

%

vT
V

Total Foreign-Born Population,
by States, 1880

X

Foreign-Born Population, by Nativities, 1880.

r

SCALE:
Rank

State.

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
85
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

N.C. ..
Wyo. .
S.C. ..
N .M ex
Miss. .
Del. ..
Ala. ..
Fla. . .
Ida. ..
A r k .. .
G a .. . .
M o n t..
V a .. ..
Wash.A riz. .
T e n n ..
D .C ...
W .Va.
N e v ...
O re g ..
Colo V t. . . .

U tah..
N .H ...
D a k ...
M e ....
K y .._ .
it. r —
M d ....

N eb r..
K an s..
T e x ...
C onn..
Ind. ..
M o___
N .J. ..
Io w a.
M inn..
C a l.. .
M ich ..
O h io ..
W is ...
M ass..
Ill___
Pa. . . .
N .Y ...

Foreign
Population.

3,742
5,850
7,686
8,051
9,709
9,468
9,734
9,909
9,974
10.350
10,564
11,521
14,696
15,803
16,049
16,702
17,122
18,265
25,653
30,503
39,790
40,959
43,994
46,294
51,795
54,146
58,883
59,517
73,993
82,806
97,414
110,086
114,616
129,992
144,178
211,578
221,700
261,650
267,676
292,874
388.508
394,943
405,425
443,491
583,576
587,829
1,211,379

,

Rank

— m . INDEX.

1

100 ,000 F o reig n -b o m

Ala. . .41 M o... .12
A riz. .33 Mont. .36
A rk .. .38 Nebr. -17
C a l.. . 8 N ev.. .29
Colo. .27 N .H .. .24
Conn. .14 N .J. . .11
D a k.. .23 N .M ex 44
Del. . .42 N .Y .. 1
D C .. .31 N .C .. .47
Fla. . .40 Ohio. 6
G a .. . .37 Oreg. .23
Ida. . .39 P a ... 2
111.. . . 3 R .I... .19
Ind. . .13 S.C. . .45
Io w a .10 iTenn. -32
Kans. -16 T e x .. 15
K y .-- .20 Utah. .25
L a ... .22 V t.. . 26
M e... .21 V a ... .35
M d .. .18 Wash -34
Mass. 4 W.Va 30
Mich. 7 W is.. 5
Minn. 9 Wyo. .40
Miss. .43

200,000

A
B
C

Born in

Number.

Gt. B ritain a n d Irelan d . T o ta l 2,772,169
1,854,571
662,676

170,136
S c o tla n d ...................................
D W ales_____________________
as,302
2
|G erm an E m pire. T o ta l............ 1,966,742
634,380
E P ru ssia (not specified)............
624,200
F| G erm any (not specified)........
171,699
G B av a ria ........................................
I
.J
K
L

M ecklenburg .............................
B ritish A m e ric a ...........................
C an ad a .......................................
O N ova S c o tia ...............................

M
3

N

2,800,000
2,700,000
2,600,000
2 ^ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0
2,400,000
2^300,000

127,885
108,223
102,594
72,490
48,708
45,959
717,157
610,090
51,160

4

106,971
104,468
88,621
85,361
68,399
64.196
58,090
48,557
44,230
38,663
35,722
15,535
12,a36
11,526

1,900,000
1^800,000
1,700,000
1, 000,000

194,337

6

2 0,00
,200
2 0 ,0 0
*0 0 0
2, 100,000

8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

C hina...............................................
S w itz e rla n d ...................................

1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

1,400,000
i , 300,000

l',200
0,00
1, 100,000
1,0 0 0 , 0 0 0

900,000
800,000
700,000
600,000
5 0 0 ,0 0 0

400,000
300,000
200,000

-4M L IN D E X .
Rank

100,000 F oreign-bom

000
400,000
I

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

1,0 0 0
0 ,0 0

N o te .—C o untries w ith less th a n 10,000 n a tiv e s residing in th e U n ite d S ta te s, a re a s follow s :
(B. A.—B ritish A m erica. G. E.—G erm an Em pire.)
A frica (n o t specified), 2.204—A sia (n o t specified), 1,054—A tla n tic Islands, 7,512—A ustralia,
4,906—B ritish A m erica (not specified), 1,793—B runsw ick (G. E.), 4,024—C en tra l A m erica, 707—Cuba,
6,917—E urope (n o t specified), 3,314—G ib ra lta r, 167—G re a t B ritain (n o t specified), 1,484—G reece, 776—
G reen lan d , 120—H am b u rg (G. E.), 8,854—In d ia, 1,707—.Japan, 401—Lubeck (G. E.), 204—M alta, 305—
N assau (G. E.), 6,253—N e w fo u n d la n d (B. A.), 4,789—O ldenburg (G. E.), 9,924—Pacific Islands, 806—
P ortugal. 8,138—P rin ce E dw ard Isla n d (B. A .), 7,537—Sandw ich Islands, 1,147—S outh A m erica, 5,566—
Spain, 5,121—T u rk ey , 1,205—W eim ar (G. E.), 685—W est Indies, 9,484—A t Sea, 4,068.

.

117

89
COPYRIGHT; 1883, BY CHARL-S SCRIBNER'S SONS.

0

87

8

State.

45
2
40
5
18
17
3
35
29
37
46
7
20
32
22
27
38
36
30
31
12
14
4
43

A u stria p ro p e r.............15 Irela n d ............................. A
B ad e n ..............................II I ta ly .................................. 14
B av a ria ...............
L uxem burg
18
B e lg iu m ..............
M ecklenburg..................M
B o h e m ia .............
M exico..............................io
B ritish A m erica
N ew B ru n s w ic k ............ P
C an a d a ................
N o rw a y ..............................5
C hina....................
N ova S c o tia .................... O
D e n m ark ............
P o la n d ..............................13
E n g la n d ............................ B P ru ssia (n o t specified) .E
F ra n c e ................................6 R u ssia ...............................16
G erm an E m pire
S a x o n y .............................. L
G erm any (n o t specified)F S c o tla n d ...........................C
G t. B rita in an d Ire la n d 1 S w ed en ..............................4
H a n o v er............................J S w itz e rla n d ..................... 8
H essen.............................. K W ales................................ D
H o lla n d ............................ 12 W u rte m b u rg ................. I
H u n g a ry .........................19 All o th e r c o u n trie s___ 20

A la. ..
A riz. .
A rk ...
C a l.. .
Colo. .
Conn.D a k...
Del. . .
D .C ...
Fla. ..
G a___
Id a . ..
Ill___
Ind. ..
Io w a .
K ans.Iv y ....
L a .. . .
M e ....
M d .. .
M ass..
M ich..
M inn..
Miss. .

Number. Rank State.

8
658
13
512
257
264
621
69
107
38
7
441
234
79
192
124
37
61
100
97
331
311
522
8

28
9
15
1
24
19
34
13
47
25
21
23
11
44
41
33
8
26
42
16
39
6
10

M o ....
M o n t..
N e b r..
N e v ...
N .H ...
N .J. ..
N .M ex
N .Y ...
N .C ...
O h io ..
O re g ..
P a ....
R .I---S .C .. .
T e n n .T e x ...
U tah..
V t. . . .
V a .. ..
Wash.W .V a.
[W is...
Wyo. .
r .'s . ..

Number.

108
417
274
701
154
244
72
313
3
141
211
159
365
8
11
78
440
141
10
266
30
445
892
154

P la te 2 6

G ER M A N S

Total Born in the German Empire,

1,966,742.

RATI O
TO

TO TAL

P O P U L A T IO N

(Bused on th e R etu rn s o f th e T enth Census.)

f?°ni!u.a

...........11

A

1

f

fo k ly n

Ratio of Germans to Total
Population.
Rank State.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

N .C ...
Vt. . . .
M e ....
G a .. . .
Miss. .
N .H ...
V a .. . .
Ala. ..
T e n n ..
S.C. ..
Fla. ..
A rk ...
N. Mex
U tah..
R .I—
Del. ..
M ass..
W. Va.
Ky----La. . . .
T e x .. .
Id a . ..
C onn..
A riz. .
K an s..
D .C :..
O re g ..
Wash.N ev .. .
Colo. .
Wyo. .
Pa. . . .
Ind. ..
M o n t..
D ak...
Md. . .
Cal. ..
M o ....
M ich..
Iow a.N .J. ..
O hio..
N eb r..
N .Y ...
Ill___
M inn..
W is...

Per
Number. Cent.
950
396
688
2,956
2,556
789
3,759
3,238
3,983
2.846
978
3,620
729
885
1,966
1,179
16,872
7,029
30,413
17,475
35,347
750
15,627
1,110
28,034
5,055
5,034
2,198
2.213
7,012
801
168,426
80,756
1,705
5,925
45,481
42,532
106,800
89,085
88,268
04,935
192,597
31,125
355,913
235,786
66,592
184,328

.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
.4
.5
.6
.6
.7
.8
.9
1.1
1.8
1.9
2.2
2.3
2.5
2.7
«.8
2.8
2.9
2.9
3.6
3.6
3.9
3.9
4.1
4.4
4.4
4.9
4.9
4.9
5.4
5.4
5.7
6.0
6.9
7.0
7.7
8.5
14.0

sc a le

:

A

TinKlo“

J* o f T o tal

P o p u latio n .

N on e reported
U nder .2 # o f tota l Pop.
.2 # and und er .5 # o f tota l P.

'G a l v e s t o n

IN D E X ,
1 0 # a nd over,

IO£

29IN.C. ..47
Ala. . .40 Ky.
A riz. .24 La.
28i()hio.- 6
A rk .. .36 Me.
45 O reg. .21
Md— 12 Pa....... 16
Cal. . .11 Md.
Colo. .18 Mat
M ass..31 R .
M ich.. 9 S. C. ..3 8
Conn. .25 Mic
D a k.. .13 Min
M inn.. 2 Tenn.,39
Miss.
Del. . .32 Mis; .43 T e x ... 27
D .C .. 22 Mo. .... 10 U tah.. 34
Mo
Mon
F la. . 37 Mont. .14 Vt. ...4 6
N e b r.. 5 V a .. ..41
G a___
Ida. _
N e v ...l9 Wash.-20
111. . . .
N .H ...42 W .Va. 30
Ind. ..
N .J. . . 7 W is.. . 1
Iow a.
N .M ex 35 Wyo. .17
Kans. 23 N.Y.

IR IS H

Total Born in Ireland

1,854,571.

U nsettled p arts

I --------------- 33

RATI O
TO

TO TAL

P O P U L A T IO N

Based o n th e R eturns o f th e Tenth Census.)

■ /'
•
Portland

Ratio of Irish to Total
Population
Rank State.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

N .C ...
kla. ..
Ala. .
Miss. .
G a.. ..
S.C. ..
A rk ...
V a—
T e n n ..
T e x ...
N .M ex
TJtah..
W. Va.
Ky .
Ind. ..
La. —
K ans..
M e ....
O reg ..
N eb r..
M o ....
Md___
O h io ..
Iow a .
Wash.
Ida. ..
D a k. ..
W is...
A riz.
M inn..
V t___
N .II...
IU.......
Del. ..
Colo. .
D C .. .
Wyo. .
Pa. .. M ont..
Cal.
N .J. ..
N e v ...
N .Y ...
Conn.Mass..
R .I—

Number.
611
652
2,966
2,753
4,148
2,626
2,432
4,835
5,975
8,103
795
I, 321
6,459
18,256
25,741
13,807
14,993
13,421
3,659
10,133
48,898
21,865
78,927
43,413
44,061
2,243
981
4,104
41,907
1,296
25,942
II,
13,052
117,343
5,791
8,263
7,840
1,093
236,505
2,408
62,962
93,079
5,191
499,445
70,638
226,700
35.281

SC A L E :

Per
Cent.

P o p u la tio n !^

.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.5
.7

p ,,1
}

\

Mont£Oim.‘i y

KEY

fa
Sa'

J \

ir e

W ' '

r

None r e p o r te d ..........................
. U nder .2%, o f tota l P o p ,....
.2 # and und er . 5 # o f tota l P

1.5#

3
#

Tkftveston

-<— CCC INDEX,
Ala. ..45iK y---- 34 N.C. -.47
A riz. .18 La. ...3 2 |O h lo ..2 5
r k ...41
A rk ... 41 Me— 30 jOreg. .29
Cal. . . 7 Md— 26 Pa. . . . 9
Colo. .12 M ass.. 2 R .I---- 1
Conn..
C onn.. 3 M idi. .24 S.C. ..42
D a k ... 20 M inn.. 17 Tenn..39
Del. ..13 Miss. .44 Tex. ..38
D C . . . 11 M o.. ..27 Utah.. 36
Fla. ..46 Mont. . 8 V t. ...1 6
G a---- 43 N e b r.. 28 Va. ...4 0
Id a . ..21 N e v ... 5 Wash.-22
111....... 14 N .1L..15 W .Va. 35
Ind. ..33 N .J. . . 6 W is.. .19
17
Iow a. .23 N.M ex,■ Wyo. .10
K a n s..31 N.Y.

657

8.2
8.3
9.8
11.2
12.7

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

6. .. io
y
jj
V 10#°and over,
wa
' .
U n settled p a r ts.

POPU LATIO IT

P la te 2 7

ENGLISH AND WELSH

Total Bom in England and Wales,

745,978.

RATI O
TO

TO TAL

P O P U L A T IO N

(Based o n t h e R eturns o f th e T enth Census.)

Portland

111

liififi
iijgi?

:,;•
7■

1

Ratio of English and Welsh
to Total Population.
Rank Suite.

Number.

Per
Cent.

47 N .C ...
4(5 s .c . ..
45 Ala. ..
44 ,Ga. . ..
43 Miss. .
42 Term ..
41 A rk ...
40 V a .. ..
30 K y . . . .
38 La. . . .
37 N. Mex
3(5 Fla. ..
35 W. Va.
34 T e x ...
33 Ind. ..
32 M e ....
31 Md_
_
30 M o ....

750
(580
1,004
1,19(5
1,059
2,258
1,275
2,91(5
4,494
2,(553
367'
889
2,420
6,749
12,020
3,999
6,155
17,564
2,767
1,704
1,484
3,518
9,598
25,550
16,260
55,318
3,061
2,516
765
60,012
8,831
30,268
123,585
1,846
15,860
109,549
44,032
48,130
32,148
26,577
1,495
12,067
10,009
1,234
2,235
4,461
22,044

.1

2'.)

V t. . . .

28
27
2(5
25

D.C.
Del. ..
N .H .,.
Minn..
Io w a..
K ans..
O hio..
O re g ..
D ak. ..
AH z. .
Ill___
N eb r..
W is...
N .Y ...
Wash.3onn..
Pa. . . .
M ich..
M ass..
N .J. ..
Cal. ..
Mont. .
R.I___
Colo. .
Wyo. .
Ida. ..
N e v ...
U tah..

24

23
22
21
20
19
18
17
1(5

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7

6
5
4
3
2
1

J

i% o f T o tal
P o pulation.

.1
.1

.1
.1

N on e reported

J2

.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4

U nder .2% o f total Pop.
,2V and und er

of tota l P .

IN D EX,

.4
.6

.6
.7

.8
.8

ro lv e s to n

10®£ and over,
[Unsettled parts.

BRITISH-AMERICANS

Total Born In British America,

717,157.

RATI O
TO

TOTAL

P O P U L A T IO N .

P rtln m l

Ratio of British Americans
to Total Population.
Rank State.
47 S.C. ..
46 Ala. ..
45 G a .. . .
44 Miss. .
43 N .C ...
42 Tenn..
41 V a .. ..
40 W. Va.
39 K y . . .
38 La. . ..
37 A rk ...
3(5 Md. ..
35 T e x ...
34 iFla. ..
33 Del. ..
32 N. Mex
31 D .C ...
30 Ind. ..
29 P a . . . .
28 N .J. -.
27 M o ....
26 O hio..
25 Utah..
24 Ill.......
23 Kans..
22 Io w a .
21 A riz. .
20 N .Y ...
19 O re g ..
18 Ida. ..
17 N ebr..
16 Cal. ..
15 W is...
14 Wyo. .
13 Conn.12 Colo. .
11 Minn..
10 Wash.9 N ev...
8 M e....
7 Mont..
6 R .I—
5 M ass..
4 V t. . . .
3 N.IL —
2 D ak. ..
1 M ich..

Per
Number. Cent.
141
271
348 Ratios
309 under
425
iven.
545 R
585
295
.1
1.070
.1
726
.1
787
.1
988
2,472
.2
4,44(5
.2
246
.2
280
.3
452
.3
5,569
.3
12,376
.3
3,536
.4
8,685
.5
16,146
.7
1,036
1.1
34,043
12,536
21,097
571
84,182
3.019
584
8,622
18,889
28,965
542
16,444
5,785
29,631
2,857
3,147
37,114
2,481
18,306
119,302
24,620
27,142
10,678
148,866

,ingW “

1%o f T o tal
P o pulation.

N on e reported
U nder .2 ^ o f tota l Pop.

,2?i and und er .5®^ of to ta l P .
IN D EX,

1.6V

ia lv e s to n

.V. 10 V and over,
‘
'U nsettled p arts.

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

POPU LATIOIT

P la te 2 8

SWEDES,

Total Born in Norway and Sweden;

376,066.

TO

TO TAL

P O P U L A T IO N

(Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.)

Pitland

Ratio of Norwegians and Swedes
to Total Population.
Rank State.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
13
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Per
Number. Cent.

34
N .C ...
24
W .Va.
78
V a .. . .
■S.C. ..
68
116
K y .. ..
161
G a .. . .
Ada. ..
143 Ratios
276
T e n n ..
78 not
v t . ...
244 given.
A rk ...
285
M d ....
358
Miss. .
348
La. . . .
70
D.C. .
1,364
O hio..
Del. ..
77
N.M ex
56
N .II...
210
.1
310
.1
Fla. ..
2,173
T e x ...
.1
3,303
.2
Ind. ..
.2
M o ....
3,547
1,851
.2
N .J. ..
.2
M e ....
1,087
7,956
.2
Pa. . . .
13,349
.3
N.Y.-_
.3
833
R .I---5,395
.3
M ass..
2,254
.4
C onn..
.4
A riz. _
151
5,974
.7
Cal. ..
436
N e v ...
.7
12,932
.8
M ich..
O re g ..
1,557
M ont..
454
12,565
K an s..
2,526
Colo. .
323
Wyo. .
Wash.1,228
599
Ida. ..
U1........ 59,385
39,145
Io w a..
N e b r.. 12,174
U tah..
4,964
57,487
W is...
D ak. ..
16,422
M inn.. 101,697

■

2.-

■

I

SC A LE :

\% o f T o ta l
P o p u la tio n .

\§!
None reported,
guv anna)

Under .1% of total Pop.
.2% and under .5% of total P.

INDEX,

Ala. . 41 M o... 26
Ariz. 18 Mont. 13
A rk.- 38 N ebr. 5
Cal. . .17 N ev.. 10
Colo. .11 N .II.. 30
Conn. -19 N .J. . 25
D ak. . 2 N .M exm
Del. . .32 N .Y .. .22
D .C .. .34 N .C .. .47
Fla. . .29 Ohio. 33
G a ... .42 Oreg. 14
Ida. . 8 Pa. .. .23
111.. . 7 R .i. . .21
Ind. . .27 S.C. . .44
Io w a 6 Tenn. .40
Kans. -12 T e x .. 28
K y ... .43 Utah. 4
La. .. .35 V t . .. 39
M e... .24 V a .. . .45
M d . . .37 Wash - 9
Mass. .20 W .Va .46
Mich. .15 W is.. 3
Minn. . 1 Wyo. .10
Miss. .36

LliiAiiUmlo:
lalveston

lO'o and over,
'Unsettled parts.

S C O TC H

Total Born in Scotlandi

170,136.

RATI O
TO

TOTAL

P O P U L A T IO N

(Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.)

ortiand

NNNSs
NS SS:

wmm,

Ratio of Scotch to Total
Population.
Per
llauk State. Number. Cent.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

G a .. . .
Miss. .
A rk ...
N .C ...
T e n n ..
S.C. ..
Ala. ..
K y .. ..
V a .. ..
La. . . .
Fla. ..
N .M ex
W .V a.
T e x ...
Ind. . .
M o ....
Del. ..
M e ....
O h io ..
D C .. .
M d .. .
V t. . . .
N .II.-M inn..
K ans..
Iow a.Wis.-..
Pa. . . .
N eb r..
i n ___
N.Y.__
A riz. .
O re g ..
M ich..
N .J. ..
Conn.D ak. ..
M ass..
Cal. ..
Ida. ..
M ont..
Wash.C o lo ..
N e v ...
R .I—
Wyo. .
U tah..

395
303 Ratios
229 under
408
516
354
426
982 .1
893 .1
65S .1
216 .1
11C .1
622 .1
1,65S .1
2,731 .1
3,641 .2
285 .2
1,397 .2
8,946 .3
495 .3
2,645 .3
1,006 .3
1,102 .3
2,964 .4
3,788 .4
6,885 .4
5,770 .4
20,735 .5
2,230 .5
15,645 .5
28,066 .6
250 .6
1,129 .6
10,731 .7
7,633 .7
4,157 .7
940 .7
12,507 .7
6,465 .7
253 .8
324 .8
628 .8
1,673 .9
671
3,039
432
3,201

o f T o tal
I P o p u latio n .
None reported
U nder.2% of total Pop.
.2% and under .5% of total P.

«

IN D EX,

A la. .41 M o - -.32
A riz. .10 Mont.. 7
A rk. -.45 N ebr.,19
.Cal. -- 9 N e v ... 4
Colo. . 5 N .II...25
C onn.-12 N .J. ..13
D ak.. . 11 N.MecrSG
Del. ..31 N .Y ...17
D. C ...28 N .C ...44
Fla. ..37 O hio. .29
G a_ 47 O reg.. 15
_
Ida. . . 8 Pa. ...2 0

10% and over,
Unsettled parts..

Ind. ..33 S.C. ..42
Io w a .22 Tenn.-43
Kans. -23 Tex. ..34
Ky___40 U tah.. 1
L a.. ..38 V t— .26
M e ....30 V a— 39
Md. ..27 Wash.- 6
M ass..10 W.Va.35
M ich..14 W is.. .21
Minn. .24 Wyo. . 2
Miss. .46

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS.

3?0 PULATIOIST

P late 2 9

FR E N C H

■

TO TOTAL POPULATION
(Based on th e R eturns o f th e T enth Census.)

a-';:

fr tla n d

R ank

State.

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
87
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
21
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12

N.C. -.
S.C. ..
V a ....
G a.. -.
M e ....
N .II...
T e n n ..
Ala. .
W. Va.
Vt. . . .
Miss. .
A rk ...

n

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

M d .-.-

Fla. ..
Utah..
Ky. . .
Del. ..
R .I_
_
M a s s ..

N .M ex
D C .. .

Iow a .
iN ebr..
T e x ...
M inn..
U onn.K a n s ..

W is...
Pa. . ..
M ieh..
D ak. ..
Mo_
_
Ind. ..
111. — .
Wyo. .
O reg ..
O hio..
Wash.N .J. ..
N .Y ...
M ont..
L’olo. .
Ida. ..
N e v ...
A riz. .
La. . ..
Cal. .

N u m b e r.

Per

Cent,

59
131
289
295
128 Ratios
u nder
98
523 not
eWen.
442
230
138
507
369
620 .1
221 .1
129 .1
1,512 .1
138 .1
312 .1
2,212 .1
1671 .1
293 .2
2,675 .2
749 .2
2,653 .2
1,351 .2
1,079 .2
1,821 .2
2,412 .2
7,949 .2
3,203 .2
272 .2
4,642 .2
4,473 .2
8,524 .3
61 .3
514 .3
10,136 .3
245 .3
3,739 .3
20,321 .4
161 .4
825 .4
142 . 4
393 .6
276 .7
9,992 1.1
9,550 1.1

SCALE:
KEY

\% of T o tal P op
N o n e r e p o r te d ___
U n d e r .2 % o f total
.2 # a n d u nd er .5% of to ta l

«

I NDEX.

Ala. ..40 M o.--.16
A riz. . 3 M ont.. 7
A rk. ..36 N ebr..25
Cal. . . 1 N e v ... 4
Colo. . 6 N .H .-.42
C onn.-22 N .J. .. 9
D a k ... 17 N .M ex 28
Del. ..31 N .Y ... 8
D .C ...27 N .C ...47
F la — 34 O hio.. 11
Ga. ...4 4 O re g ..l2
Ida. .. 5 P a ___ 19
111....... 14 R .
Ind. ..15 S. C. -.46
Io w a .26 Tenn. .41
Kans..21 T e x .. .24
Ky. . .32 U tah..33
La. . . . 2 Vt. ...3 8
M e ....43 Y a .-..45
M d.--.a5 Wash.-10
Mass. .29 W .Va. 39
Mich. .18 Wis. ..20
M inn..23 Wyo. .18
Miss. .37

p a lv e s to n

LQX
and over,
U n settled p arts.

I ---------------30

IM M IG R A TIO N .
(Based on th e Reports of the Secretary of the T reasury.)

ANNUAL IMMIGRATION, 1820-1880.
S C AL E :
Alien Passengers (Arrived).

20,000 I m m ig r a n ts .

Tear en d ed Sep tem b er 30, 1820
“
“
“
“ 1821.
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832.._
Quarter ended D ecem ber 31, 1832
e a r ended D ecem ber 31, 1833
“ 1834
1835
1836.
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
Ja n u a ry 1 to Sep tem b er 30,1843
Y ear ended Septem ber 30,1844
“
“
“ . “ 1845
“
“
“
“ 1846.
“
“
“
“ 1847.
“
“
“
“ 1848
“
“
“
“ 1849
1850
Q u a rte r en d ed D ecem ber 81,1850.
Y ear ended D ecem ber 31, 1851
“
“
“
“ 1852
“ 1853
“
“
“
1854
“
“
“
“ 1855

420,000
440,000
460,000

Immigrants (Arrived).

Y ear ended D ecem ber 31,1856
“ 1857

J a n u a ry 1 to J u n e 30,1866
Y e ar e n d ed J u n e 30,1867
“ 1868

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

POPULATIOIT

P la t e 3 0

RATIOS OF TOTAL FOREIGN-BORN, AND OF GERMANS, IRISH, AND BRITISH AMERICANS, TO
THE TOTAL POPULATION, IN EACH OF THE FIFTY MOST POPULOUS CITIES.
(Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.)

J—Gg
* gr

Ratio of Total Foreign-Born to Total Population, 1880.
scale

Rank

:

1* of Total Population.
2* 3* 4* 5 * 6*

Fifty Principal Citiea.

7*

8*

9*

IN D E X .

Albany, N.Y........... 28!Lynn, Mass..........
Allegheny, P a......... 32 Milwaukee, Wis. .. 5
A tlanta, Ga............. 50 Minneapolis, M inn..15
Baltimore, Md.........40 Nashville, Tenn....... 48
Boston, Mass............16 Newark, N .J............21
Brooklyn. N.Y......... 17 New Haven, Conn. .31
_
Buffalo. N.Y.............13 New Orleans, La_ 35
Cambridge, Mass.. .20 New York, N.Y.......6
Camden, N .J............44 Paterson, N .J..........10
Charleston, S.C.......471Philadelphia, Pa___ 34
Chicago, 111..............4 Pittsburgh, Pa......... 23
Cincinnati, Ohio__ 25 Providence, R .I.. ..27
Cleveland, Ohio— 9 Reading, P a............. 46
Columbus, Ohio_ 39 Richmond, Va..........49
_
Dayton, Ohio.......... 36 Rochester, N.Y........ 19
Denver, Colo...........33 St. Louis, Mo............ 18
Detroit, Mich.......... 7 St. Paul, Minn..........11
Fall River, Mass__ 1 San Francisco, Cal.. 2
Hartford, Conn.......29 Scranton, Pa.............12
Indianapolis, In d ...41 Syracuse, N.Y..........30
Jersey City, N .J__ 14 Toledo, Ohio............. 22
Kansas City, Mo__ 42|Troy, N.Y.................24
Lawrence, Mass_ 3 Washington, D.C. ..45
_
Louisville, Ky.......... 371Wilmington, Del— 43
Lowell, M ass..........81Worcester, Mass___ r*

10* 11* 12* 13* 14% 15*

Atlanta, Ga...............
Richmond, Va..........
Nashville, Tenn.........
Charleston, S. C........
Reading, P a...............
Washington, D. C_
_
Camden, N. J ............
Wilmington. Del.
Kansas City, Mo.
Indianapolis, Ind.
Baltimore, Md__
Columbus, Ohio
Lynn, Mass................
Louisville, Ky............
Dayton, Ohio............
New Orleans, La.......
Philadelphia, P a.......
Denver, Colo..............
Allegheny, Pa...........
New Haven, C onn...
Syracuse, N. Y..........
Hartford, Conn.
Albany, N.Y.......
Providence, R. I
Worcester, Mass.......
Cincinnati, Ohio
Troy, N. Y.................
Pittsburgh, Pa..........
Toledo, O hio ............
Newark, N. J ............
Cambridge, M ass.. . .
Rochester, N. Y........
St. Louis, Mo.............
Brooklyn, N. Y.........
Boston, Mass.............
Minneapolis, M inn...
Jersey City, N. J .......
Buffalo, N. Y.............
Scranton, Pa..............
St. Paul, Minn...........
Paterson, N. J . .
Cleveland, Ohio
Lowell, Mass. ..
Detroit, M ich...
New York, N. Y.
Milwaukee, Wis.
Chicago, 111............... |
Lawrence, Mass....... i
San Francisco, Cal...i
Fall River, Mass.

48*
49*
50*

Ratio of Germans to Total Population, 1880.
Fifty Principal Citie*.

Fall River, Mass,
Lowell, Mass.
Lynn, Mass. W orcester, Mass.
Providence, It. I.......
Cambridge, M ass... .
Atlanta, Ga...............
Nashville, Tenn........
Wilmington, Del.
Richmond, Va.
Boston, Mass. .. .
Troy, N. Y..........
Washington, D. C
Lawrence, Mass.
Charleston, S. C.
Camden, N. J _
_
Hartford, Conn,
Kansas City, Mo.
Paterson, N. J ...
New Haven, Conn...
Minneapolis, Minn...
Reading, Pa. .
Denver, Colo.
New Orleans, La,
Philadelphia, P a.......
Scranton, Pa.
Albany, N. Y.
Indianapolis, Ind___
Jersey City, N. J.
San Francisco, Cal...
Columbus, Ohio
Syracuse, N. Y..........
Brooklyn, N. Y.
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Baltimore, Md.
Louisville, Ky.
Allegheny, Pa.
St. Paul, Minn.
Rochester, N. Y.
Dayton, Ohio
Newark, N. J.
New York, N. Y,
Toledo, Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio
Detroit, Mich.
Chicago, 111. ..
St. Louis, Mo.
Buffalo, N. Y. ..
Cincinnati, Ohio
Milwaukee. Wis.

Albany, N.Y.........
Allegheny, P a . . . .
A tlanta, Ga..........
Baltimore, Md_
_
Boston, Mass........
Brooklyn, N.Y—
Buffalo, N.Y.........
Cambridge, Mass.
Camden, N .J.........
Charleston, S.C...
Chicago, 111..........
Cincinnati, Ohio..
Cleveland, Ohio..
Columbus, Ohio..
Dayton, Ohio.......
Denver, Colo........
Detroit, Mich.......
Fall River, Mass..
Hartford, Conn...
Indianapolis, Ind.
Jersey City, N .J ..
Kansas City, Mo..
Lawrence, M ass..
Louisville, Ky___
Lowell, Mass........

Ratio of Irish to Total Population, 1880.

Ratio of British Americans to Total Population, 1880.
Rank

Fifty Principal Cities.

A tlanta, Ga.
Reading, Pa...............
Richmond, Va...
Nashville, Tenn.
Milwaukee, Wis........
Charleston, S. C........
Dayton, Ohio............
Camden, N. J ............
Minneapolis, Minn...
Baltimore, Md.........
Washington, D. C_
_
Columbus, O hio. .
Indianapolis, Ind.
Louisville, Ky___
Denver, Colo........
New Orleans, La.
Detroit, Mich.............
Toledo, O h io ............
Cincinnati, Ohio.......
Kansas City, Mo.
Allegheny, P a...........
Buffalo, N. Y.............
Rochester, N. Y........
St. Paul, Minn...........
Cleveland, Ohio
St. Louis, Mo. ..
Wilmington, Del.
Syracuse, N. Y. .
Cnicago, 111.........
Newark, N. J —
Lynn, Mass.........
Pittsburgh, P a...
Paterson, N. J . ..
Philadelphia, Pa.
San Francisco, Cal...
Albany, N. Y.............
Brooklyn, N. Y.........
Scranton, P a ............
New Haven, Conn..
Cambridge, Mass. ..
Worcester, Mass—
Providence, R. I___
H artford, Conn.......
New York, N. Y.......
Fall River, Mass.......
Jersey City, N .J .......
Boston, M a ss.-------Lowell, Mass.............
Troy, N. Y.................
Lawrence, Mass.......

I Lynn, Mass..............48
1Milwaukee, W is.. . . 1
1Minneapolis, Minn..30
) Nashville, Tenn.......43
) Newark, N .J............10
18'New Haven, Conn..31
3;New Orleans, La..
45 New York, N.Y...
35 Paterson, N .J.......... 32
36! Philadelphia, Pa_ 26
_
5 Pittsburgh, Pa......... 17
2 Providence, R.1....... 46
7jReading, P a............. 29
20Richmond, Va.........41
11 Rochester N.Y........12
28; St. Louis, Mo.............4
6:St. Paul, Minn..........13
50|San Francisco, Cal..21
34! Scranton, Pa........... 25
23 Syracuse, N.Y..........19
22; Toledo, Ohio........... 8
33!Troy, N.Y..................39
37; Washington, D.C. ..38
15l Wilmington, Del— 42
491Worcester, Mass— 47

50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
as
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

1.3
3.2

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

Fifty Principal Cities.
Charleston, S. C........
Richmond, Va...........
Baltimore, Md..........
New Orleans, La___
Nashville, Tenn........
Wilmington, Del.......
Atlanta, Ga...............
Louisville, Ky...........
Washington, D. C. ..
Philadelphia, P a.......
Allegheny, P a ............
Newark, N. J ............
Pittsburgh, P a..........
Camden, N. J ............
Scranton, P a..............
Dayton, Ohio__ ___
Paterson, N. J ...........
Cincinnati, O hio.......
Columbus, O h io.......
Indianapolis, I n d .. . .
New York, N'. Y___
St. Louis, Mo.............
Jersey City, N. J. . . .
Brooklyn, N. Y.........
Milwaukee, W is.......
New Haven, Conn...
Hartford, Conn........
Albany, N. Y.............
San Francisco, Cal...
Kansas City, Mo.......
Syracuse, N. Y..........
Providence, It. I.......
Cleveland, O h io.......
Chicago, 111................
Toledo, O h io ............
Denver, Colo..............
Troy, N. Y............
Buffalo, N. Y . ____
St. Paul, Minn...........
Rochester, N. Y........
Worcester, Mass.......
Lynn, Mass................
Boston, Mass.............
Minneapolis, M inn...
Cambridge, Mass.
Lawrence, Mass........
Detroit, Mich.............
Fall River, Mass.......
Lowell, Mass.............

Per

Cent.

SC A LE :

l*of Total Population.

IN D E X .

Albany, N.Y............22 Lynn, Mass................ 8
Allegheny, P a......... 39 Milwaukee, Wis___ 25
A tlanta, Ga.............43;Minneapolis, Minn.. 6
Baltimore, Md.........47iNashville, Tenn. ...45
Boston, Mass.......... 7'Newark, N .J.............38
Brooklyn, N.Y.........26 New Haven, Conn..24
Buffalo, N.Y............12New Orleans, La. ..46
Cambridge, M ass... 5 New York, N.Y. ...29
Camden, N .J........... 36 Paterson, N .J........... 33
Charleston, S.C.......49 Philadelphia, P a___ 40
Chicago, 111..............16 Pittsburgh, Pa......... 37
Cincinnati, Ohio___32 Providence, It. 1........18
Cleveland, Ohio___17 Reading, Pa............. 50
Columbus, Ohio.. ..31 Richmond, V a......... 48
Dayton, Ohio........... 34 Rochester, N.Y........10
Denver, Colo............14 St. Louis, Mo...........28
Detroit, Mich.............3 St. Paul, Minn......... 11
Fall River, Mass___ 2 San Francisco, Cal. .21
Hartford, Conn....... 23 Scranton, Pa............35
Indianapolis, In d ...30;Syracuse, N.Y......... 19
Jersey City, N .J ....27Toledo, Ohio............15
Kansas City, M o ....20,Troy, N.Y................13
Lawrence, Mass— 4 Washington, D .C ...41
Louisville, Ky.........42 Wilmington, Del___44
Lowell, Mass.......... li Worcester, Mass_ 9
_

P la t e 3 1

POPULATionsr

RATIOS OF THE PRINCIPAL FOREIGN AND STATE NATIVITIES, TO THE TOTAL POPULATION,
IN NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, CHICAGO, AND BOSTON.
(Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.)

New York.
Nativity.

N o rw ay .....................
W ales.........................
Denmark _................
C u b a ..........................
H o llan d .....................
S w eden......................
H ungary....................
S w itzerland..............
R u ssia .........................
Austria p ro p e r.........
C anada.......................
Bohemia.....................
Scotland.....................
P o lan d .......................
France .......................
Italy ............................
E n g la n d ....................
Germ any....................
Irelan d....................... .
K e n tu c k y ...................
N orth Carolina.........
District of Columbia
New Ham pshire.......
G eorgia......................
Louisiana...................
South Carolina......... .
Illinois........................
Rhode Island............
V erm ont....................
M a in e ............ ...........
Ohio............................
M aryland...................
V irg in ia............ ........
C onnecticut...............
M assachusetts...........
Pennsylvania............
New Jersey................
New Y ork.................

i

Per
Cent.

Number.

83
9

.1 f

If

929
1,096
1,614
1,860
i
3,194
.3
4,101
.3
4,545
.4
4,551
.4
4,743
.4
5,640
.5
.7
8,093
8,683
.7
9,020
.7
9,910
.8
12,223
29,664 2.5
163,482 13.5
198,595 16.5
747
.1
849
.1
I,
.1 007
1,237
.1
1,244
.1
1,284
.1
1,302
.1
1,414
.1
1,459
.1
1,613
.1
2,014
.2
2,913
.2
3,611
.3
5,696
.5
8,726
.7
10,589
II,
055
17,937
647,299

scale

:

1 P er Cent, of T otal Population.

2
%

3
*

«

5*

n

8%
9*

o*
11%

m

m
14%

1
.0

15%

4*
71

m

m

S3-7%
W37%

Dir*

Philadelphia.
Flank

19

is

17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7

6
5
4
3

Nativity.

Per
Number. Cent.

215 Ratio*
270 under
276
288 giren.
354
.1
496
505
.1
.1
577
.1
613
.1
680
686
.1
1,656
.2
.2
1,848
1,916
.2
.3
2,588
5,696
.7
26,315 3.1
E ngland.......................
55,769
Ire la n d ........................ 101,808 12.0
438
.1
476
.1
535
.1
604
.1
613
.1
.1
726
.1
746
836
.1
981
1,276! .2
District 9 f Colum bia..
1.688
.2
.3
2,394
4,293
.5
.8
6,388
D elaw are.................... 12,474 1.5
12,677
M aryland— .............
13,637
New Y ork...................

1 Pennsylvania..............

554,449' 65.4

47^
2 !^
7

65.4*

p57*

D37*
D 1*
7

Chicago.
Rank

19
18
17
16
15

14
13
12
1
1

10

9

Nativity.

L uxem burg.
Belgium .......
W a le s..........
Russia.
Austria proper.
Italy...................
Sw itzerland.......
F ra n c e .................
H o llan d ..............
Denmark.............
S cotland....... ..
P o la n d ................
N o rw ay ..............
Bohemia....... .......
Sweden________
England...............
C a n a d a ...............
Ire la n d .............
G erm any............
Tennessee............
New Hampshire
V irginia..............
M aryland...........
New J e rs e y .......
IMaine.
C onnecticut.
I o w a .............
V erm o n t_
_
Kentucky_
_
Missouri. .
Indiana..
Michigan...........
M assachusetts.
Pennsylvania..
W isconsin........
Ohio...................
New Y ork____
Illinois...............

Per
Number. Cent.

358
.1
484
.1
722
.1
921
.2
1.356
.3
1.357
.3
1.459
.3
1,590
.3
2.045
.4
2,556
.5
4,152
.8
5,536 1.1
9,783 1.9
11,887 2.4
12,9:30 2.6
13.045 2.6
13.265 2.6
44.411 8.8
75,205 14.
744
.1
1,348
.3
1,614
.3
1,666
.3
1,820
.4
.4
2,114
.5
2,442
.5
2,529
2,577
.5
.5
2,633
.6
2,768
.8
3,991
5,1
6,998 1.4
7.460 1.5
8,900 1.8
9,067 1.8
32,034 6.4
197,728 39.3

1
.0
3!M

2 *JJ
7

f%
|7 *

Boston.
Nativity. v

Per
Cent.

.1
Norway..................
245
.1
S w itzerland...........
284
.1
Atlantic Islands...
345
Russia.....................
.1
402
H o llan d.................
.1
437
P o la n d ...................
.1
597
.2
Portugal.................
795
F ra n c e ....... ...........
.2
.4
1,277
Italy........................
1,450
.4
Sweden...................
1,495
.4
Newfoundland---1,535
.4
Prince Edward Island
2,662
Scotland....................
.7
4,234 1.2
C an ad a.................... .
5,878 1.6
New Brunswick----2.0
G erm any.................
England.....................
8JJ98 2.5
9,992 2.8
Nova Scotia............
' 64,793 17.9
Ireland......................
189
.1
G eorgia.....................
201
.1
Louisiana.................
.1
District of Columbia
227
230
.1
C alifornia................
244
South Carolina.......
.1
313
.1
North Carolina.......
396
.1
Illinois......................
518’ .1
Ohio..........................
.2
M aryland.................
647
734
.2
New Je rs e y .............
1,309
.4
Pennsylvania...........
.5
1,649
Rhode Islan d...........
1,759
.5
Connecticut.............
.6
2.007
V irginia...................
3,524 1.0
V erm ont..................
6,160 1.7
New York................
9,831 2.7
New Hampshire----20.529 5.7
M aine....................... .
196,256' 54.1
M assachusetts..........

47*|
27*1

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

K4.1*

3 *
?

POPTJLATIOnST

P l a t e 32

SELECTED CLASSES, BY STATES, 1880.
(Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.)

T or scale, see foot of chart.

1. S .—
.Y

T otal................................... 5,082, 871 L
Born in the U nited States 3,871, 492 T
Foreign b o m ..................... 1, 211, 379
499, 445
Irish....................................
355, 913
Germans.................. -........
116,
English..........................
80,
Canadians...........................
65,
Colored...............................
28,
Scotch................................ .
20,
French............................... .

T otal.................................... 4,282,891
Born in th e United States. 3,695,062
587,829
Foreign b o m ..................... .
236,505
Irish.....................................
168,426
Germans..............................
85,535
2 . P A . . „ Colored................................
80,102
glish...............................
29,447
Welsh..................................
20,735
Scotch.................................
10,528
Canadians_____ «.______
5,000 ,I OOO

3OI —
.H
O

Total.................................... 3,198,062
Born in th e United States. 2,803,119
Foreign b o m ......... ............ 394,943
Germans....... ...................... 192,597
79,900
Colored................................
78,927
I ris h ....................................
41,555
English.................................
15,202
Canadians...........................
13,763
Welsh...................................
11,989
Swiss....................................

4 500 ,0 00

4 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

T otal.................................... 3,077,871
Born in th e United States. 2,494,295
583,576
Foreign b o m ....... ..............
Germans.............................. 235,786
117,343
Irish.....................................
4. ILL____
56,318
glish................................
46,368
Colored...............................
42,415
S w ed es...............................
32,131
Canadians...........................
Norwegians........................
16,970

3,500,000

3,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

2,168,380
T otal...............................
Born in th e United States. 1,956,802
211,578
Foreign b o m ..................
Colored...........................
145,350
106,800
Germans.........................
5 . m o .. . .
48,898
I r i s h ...............................
15,798
English............................
8,090
Canadians......................
6,064
Swiss...............................
4,642
French............................

2,500,000

2 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

For scale, see foot of chart.
1,512,565
Born in the United States. 1,497^869
631,616
14,696
4,835
14. VA...........
3,759
2^781
'893
463
289

T otal.................................. . 1,978,301
Bom in th e United States 1,834,123
Foreign b om ......................
144,178
80,756
Germans.............................
39,228
Colored..............................
6 L .._ Irish.................................... 25,741
. \D .
f t , 093
English................................
5,213
Canadians...........................
French...............................
4,473
3,695
Swiss.................................. .

7. MASS. „

T otal.................................... 1,783,085
Born in th e United States 1,339,594
Foreign b o m ......................
443,491
Irish.....................................
226,700
Canadians...........................
71,501
English................................
47,263
Nova Scotians........ ...........
29,307
Colored.............................. .
18,697
Germans............................ .
16,872
Scotch.................................
12,507

1,399,750

Bom in the United States. i;396;008

Irish.....................................

531,277
3,742
950
738
611
408
880
67

Bom in the United States.

1,315,497
910,072
405,425

1,900,000
1 5 .1 .C ....

T otal.................................... 1,648,690
Born in th e United States. 1,589,173
Colored................................ 271,451
Foreign b o m ....... ...............
59,517
30,413
8. KI___ Germans..............................
Irish......................................
18,256
English........................ ........
4,100
French.................................
1,512
Swiss....................................
1,130
Canadians...........................
1,010

49,349
41,907
25,682
24,916
13,848
8,797

1 0 .W IS .—

1,800,000

T otal.................................... 1,636,937
Born in th e United States. 1,248,429
Foreign b o m ...................... 388,508
Canadians......................... .
145,968
89,085
9. M I C H - Germans............................ .
Irish.....................................
43,413
43,202
English................................
Hollanders..........................
17,177
Colored...............................
15,100
Scotch................................ .
10,731

Bom in th e United States. 1,252,771
Colored................................ 600,103

1,500,000

9,734
3,238
2,9G0
935
442
426
206

17. ALA.—

1400,000

1 . I W.
0 OA

11 T E L —

T otal.................................... 1,624,015
Bom in the United States. 1,362,965
Foreign b o m ......... ........... 261,650
Germans..............................
88,268
Irish......................................
44,061
English.................................
22,519
Norwegians........................
21,586
Canadians............. .............
19,451
Swedes................................
17,559
Bohemians..........................
10,554

T otal.................................... 1,131,597
Bom in the United States. 1,122,888
650,291
9,2C9
2,753
2,556
1,047
507
4
303
302

1,700,000
18. M IS S ...

T otal.................................. 1,591,749
Born in the United States 1,477,733
393,384
Colored...............................
114,616
Foreign b o m .....................
Mexicans...........................
43,161
Germans............................ .
35,347
Irish....................................
8,103
English................................
6,528
Austrians............................
3,474
Bohemians.........................
2,669

Born in the United States.
19. JI.J___

1,300,000

1,131,116
909,416
221,700
93^079
64,935
38,853
31,285
7,633
4,281
8,739

1, 200,000

1,600,000

12. T E H —

T otal.................................. . 1,542,359
Bora in th e United States 1,525,657
Colored.............................. .
403,151
Foreign born......................
16,702
Irish....................................
5,975
Germans............................
3,983
English............................... .
1,956
Swiss........................ ......... .
1,026
French.................................
523
Scotch................................
516

Bom in the United States.
2 0.K A N S .-_

T otal.................................. . 1,542,180
Bora in th e United States 1,531,616
Colored....... ............ _____
725,133
Foreign b o m ......................
10,564
13. t i l ............I r is h ...........................................

Germans..............................
English................................
Scotch................................. |
French..................... ...........
C anadians.......................... I

4,148
2,956
1,144
395
295
291

Bom in the United States.

T

500 ,0 00

1 0 ,0 0
,0 0 0

1,500,000

21. S . C . . . .

400,000

aoo.ooo

80 0
0 ,0 0

996,096
886,010
110,086
43,107
28,034
14,993
14,172
11,758
11,207
8,032

995,577
987.891
604,332
7,686
2,846
2,626
670
354
131
128

1,100,000

500 ,0 00

400,000
300,000
200,000

100,000 Population.

100,000 Population.
COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS.

000,000

POPULATION

P la te 3 3

SELECTED CLASSES, BY STATES, 1880. — Continued.
(Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.)

F or scale, see foot of chart.
T otal....................................
C olored...............................

22. L A . . . .

F or scale, see foot of chart.

885,800
483,655
54,146
. 17,475
13,807
9,992
2,582
2,527
987

35. COLO.—

Colored................................

Welsh..................................

T otal....................................
Bom in th e United States.

24. C A L ...

Born in the United States.

25. ARK.

T otal................... .................
Born in the United States.

26. m n .-

Bom in the United States.

27. B E . —

T otal............................
Bom in th e United States.

2 8 .C O M . .

African DescentE
Other C lasses...^

400,000

B6. D.C_ _ _

T otal..................................
Born in th e United States
Colored..............................
Foreign b o m .....................
Irish....................................
Germans............................
English...............................
Scotch................................
Canadians..........................
French...............................

177,624
160,502
59,596
17,122 2
7,840
5,055
1,648
495
340

17. OREO..

Total..................................
Bom in th e United States
Foreign b om .....................
Chinese.............................
Germans............................
Irish....................................
English..............................
Canadians.........................
S co tch ...............................
Swedes...............................

174,768
144,265
30,503
9,472
5,034
3,659
2,89G
2,371
1,129

38. D E L -

T otal.................................. .
Bora in th e United States
Colored..............................
Foreign b o m .....................
Irish............. ......................
English...............................
Germans............................ .
S co tch ...............................
Canadians..........................
French..................._..........

146,608
137,140
26,442
9,468
5,791
1,433
1,179
285
208
138

M .U T A Q

210,230
82,806
45,481
21,865
5,231
2,645
1,169
924

571,820
292,874
73,548
62,962
42,532
24,657
13,077
9,550
8,648

T o ta l................................
Born in th e United States
Foreign b o ra .....................
English...............................
-Danes...............................
Swedes.................... ..........
S co tch ...............................
Welsh.................................
Irish........ ...........................
Norwegians.......................

143,963
99,969
43,994
19,654
7,791
3,750
3,201
2,890
1,321
1,214

T otal............................. . . .
Bom in th e United States
Foreign b o m .....................
N o rw eg ian s.................
Canadians..........................
Russians............................
Germans............................
Irish...................................
Swedes...............................
English...............................

135,177
83,382
51,795
13,245
10,219
6,493
5,925
4,104
8,177
2,311

T otal...................................
Bom in the United States
Foreign b o m .....................
Mexicans...........................
N. HEX. C o lo red .......................
Irish...............................
Germans.......................
English..........................
Canadians.....................
French..........................

119,565
111,514
8,051
5,173
1,015
795
729
339
227
167

900,000

210,666
10,350
3,620
2,432
1,176
732
369
240

267,676
66,592
62,521
39,176
25,942
25,288
8,495
7,759

800,000

G48,936
590,053
58,883
19,095
13,955
13,421
3,716
3,574
1,451
1,397

10. D A L .

022,700
492,708
129,992
70,638
15,627
15,453
15,41%
11,547
4,157
2,086

KEY.

Foreign C ora .._ 2

I 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

T otal— . .............................

2B. DID__

T otal.....................................I 194,327
Born in the United States. | 154,537
Foreign born...................
English.........................
8,797
Irish..............................
8,263
Germans......................
7,012
Canadians..... .....................
4,749
Colored........................
2,435
Swedes.........................
2,172
S co tch .........................
1,673

41.

700,000

I I

300,000

T otal....................................
Bora in th e United States.

018,457
600,192
25,886
18,265
7,029
6,459
2,051
810
622
369

T otal..................................
Born in the United States
Foreign b o m .....................
C hinese.......................... .
Irish....................................
42. W ASH.. Germans............................
Canadians........................
English......... .....................
Swedes...........................
S co tch ................... ...........

T otal...................................
Bom in th e United States.

452,402
354,988
97,414
31,125
10,164
10,133
8,858
8,207
7,966
4,511

T otal....................................
Bom in th e United States.
Foreign bom ......................
Chinese ...............................
- - Irish....................................
English................................
Canadians...........................
Germans..................... ----Italians................................
Swiss....................................

G2,286
36,613
25,653
5,402
5,191
4,146
2,474
2,213
1,560

T otal....................................
Bom in th e United States.
Foreign b o m ......................
Mexicans.............................
C hinese...............................
Irish.....................................
Germans..............................
English................................
Canadians...........................
French.................................

40,440
24,391
16,049
9,330
1,626
1,296

T otal..................................
Bom in th e United States
Foreign b o m .....................
Irish....................................
MOST.. Canadians................... .......
Chinese..............................
Germans............................ .
English...............................
Colored..............................
S co tch ...............................

39,159
27,638
11,521
2,408
2,088
1,756
1,705
1,249
346
324

46. IDAHO

T otal...................................
Bom in the United States
Foreign born.....................
Chinese...............................
English...............................
Irish....................................
Germans.............................
Welsh.................................
Danes.................................
Canadians..........................

32,610
22,636
9,974
3,366
1,594
981
750
641
586
465

4 7 .W Y 0 ,.

T otal....................................
Bom in th e United States.
Foreign b o m ......................
Irish.................................... .
English................................
C hinese..............................
Germans............................
Canadians.....................—
S co tch ...............................
Colored..............................

20,789
14,939
5,850
1,093
1,080

29. W .V A ..

80. M M . .

. NEV.

GOO,000

75,116
59,313
15,803 a
3, IC
G
2,243
2,198
1,783
1,653
648
C28

200,000

Total.............. ’. . . .
Bom in th e United States.

3 1 .S .H .-.

T otal................
Born in the United S tates.

8 2 .1 I T . - -

346,991
300,697
46,294
25,703
13,052
3,497
1,102
816
789
685

44. ARIZ.

332,288
291,327
40,959
24,344
11,657
2,253
1,057
1,006
514
396

45.

500 ,0 00

1,110

708
447
276

IN D E X .

T otal....................................
Bom in th e United S tates.

8 8 .R .L —

Irish..-.................................

T otal....................................
Bom in th e United States

84. F L A . . .

Canadians ..........................

73,993
35,281
16,300
12,500
6,488
3,039
1,966
1,401

126,690
9,909
2,793
2,170
978
866
652
301

W
L

400,000
300,000
200,000

100,000 Population.

COPYRIGHT, T883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

918

801
475
432
298

100,000 P o p u la tio n .

A la.- -17Mo— 5
Ariz. .44 Mont. .45
Ark.. .25 Nebr. .30
Cal. . .24 Nev. .43
Colo. .35 N.H.. .31
Conn -28 N .J .. .19
Dak.. .40 N .M exil
Del. . .38 N.Y.. 1
D.C'.. .36 N.O.. .15
Fla. . .34 Ohio. 3
G a- . .13 Dreg. .87
Ida. . .46 P a ... 2
i n .... 4 R.I.—.33
I n d .. . 6 S.C. . .21
Iow a .10 Tenn -12
Ivans -20 Tex.. .11
K y... . 8 Utah. .39
L a ... -22 V t... .32
M e... .27 Va. .14
Md. . .23 Wash -42
Mass. . 7 W.Va.29
Mich. . 9 Wis.. .16
Minn -26 Wyo.. -47
Miss. .18

P late 3 4
(Based on the Returns o f the
Tenth Census.)

POPULATIOIST

INTER-STATE MIGRATION.

Highest Ratios

Ran | State.
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
6
4
3
2
1

K a n s ..
£ a l...
Towa.
X ev. .
M inn.
C c n n ..
M ont.
Nebr. .
W is.
Dak.
|W vo.
1C olo...
IN .J. . .
iM ic h ..
|N.Y. . .

Per
Cent

Rank

4.3
5.1
5.1
5.3
6.0
6.3
6.3
6.5
6.6
6.8
7.7
8.0
8.4
14.0
70.0

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

State.

Per
Cent

I ll......... 1.3
Nev— 1.9
A riz . .. 2.3
N ebr. . 2.3
C a l.. .. 2.4
T e x .... 2.7
A r k .... 3.7
W a sh . - 4.2
I d a , . . . 4.3
W y o ... 5.6
K a n s .. 6.0
O reg. . 6.2
M o n t .. 6.4
C o lo ... 6.4
M o.. .. 586

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S

th an 1 in 2,000
P opulatio n...........
,000 and u n d er
l1,000.............
,000 an d under

Per

Rank

State.

Cent

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

iM d.. ..
I ll.........
W . V a.
D .C ...
D a k ...
N .J ---Ohio. .
M o n t. .
Iowa. .
N ebr. .
W yo . .
C olo...
K a n s ..
IDel—
P a ........

2.9
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
4.1
4.3
4.3
4.8
5.5
5.6
5.9
5.9
7.5
79.1

t 1,000...............

,000 an d u n d er
n 1,000..........
1.000 and u n d e r f
n 1,000_____
1.000 and u n d e r !
in 1,000................I
id over in l,000l

* th an 1 in 2,000
P o p u la tio n ............

KEY
rsi-

1 in 2,000 and u n d er
1 in 1,000.......... .........
1 in 1,000 an d und er
5 in 1,000...................
5 in 1,000 and under
10 in 1,000............
10 in 1,000 and u n d er I
60 in 1,000.................
50 in 1,000 an d und er
100 in 1,000 ..._....... .
100 and over in 1,000

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S
by States,

A
'M
i

1
W1

Rank
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
- -3

State.

in

if

Per

State.

Cent

C a l.. .. 2.0
MinD. . 2.1
N ev.. . 2.1
D ak . .. 3.3
I d a . . . . 3.5
M o n t.. 4.0
! W a sh .- 4.3
;O reg. . 4.5
M o .. .. 4.8
|W y o ... 5.L
Io w a. . 6.3
Col o .. . 6.7
N ebr. . 10.1
K an. .. 10.7
1 I ll......... 55.5

15
14
13
12

A riz . ..
W a sh .I d a ....
W y o ...
O re g .
10 T e n n ..
9
8 Colo.
7 111.........
6 T e x ....
6 A rk---4 K ans. .
3 I n d - ..
2 Mo___
1 K y ..........

1
1

1

Per
Cent

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
3.3
3.7
4.7

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SONS.

7

IP O P I J L A T I O

P late 3 5

3ST

INTER-STATE MIGRATION.

(Based on the Returns o f the
Tenth Census.)

Continued.

GEORGIA.

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S
4 a T a4a I Da r. i i I

Aa

KEY
;ss th an 1 in 2,000
P opulatio n______

Rank

:

State.

1 in 2,000 an d u n d er >
1 in 1,000....................5
1 in 1,000 an d u n d er ;
5 in 1,000.........
6 in 1,000 an d u n d er
10 in 1,000.....
10 in 1,000 an d u n d er
60 in 1,000___

Per
Cent

15 N .C .-.- .2
14 D .C .-.. .2
13 M o n t. . .3
12 I d a —
.3
11 A r iz ... .4
10 Colo. .. .5
9 S .C .- ..8
8 T enn. . 1.3
1.6
6 M iss. .. 2.6
5 T ex. .. 3.9
4 A rk ---- 4.6
3 A la .. ..

in 1,000 an d u n d e rS
100 in 1,000_
_
100 an d over in 1,0C

1 iGa........

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S

Highest Ratios

Rank
1
i

1

State.

15
14
13
12

N .C ..-.
K ans. .
O h io ...
A rk_
_
T e x ....
10 A l a .. . .
9 K y........
8
7 T en n . .
6 [Mo___
5
4 M d. . . .
3 D .C ....
2 W. V a . .
V a ........

Per
Cent
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.2
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.9

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S

Highest Ratios

Rank

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

G reg ...
M iss. .. .2
W s h . - .2
a
I d a ..
.2
M o.. .
.2
ICal. . . . .2
M on t. . .2
K ans. . .4
Colo. .. .5
W yo .
.7
L a ......... .8
N .M ex. .9
A r iz ... 1.3
A rk _
_ 1.4
T e x ....

State.

Per
Cent

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

„
Pcr

K ans. .
K y........
L a .........
Mo. . . .
Ind. . . .
T e x ....
V a........
Ga........
S . C ... .
A la.'. ..
M iss. ..
F la .. .
A rk —
T enn. .
N .C ...

.6
.6
.7
.7
1.1
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.5
2.7
96.1

TEN N ES S EE

WISCONSIN

Per

Rank

State.

Cent

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

M ich . .
I ll..........
Nev—
Ida—
Ore*;. .
K ans. .
W a sh .W y o ...
M o n t. .
Colo. ..
Io w a...
N ebr. .
M inn. .
D ak . ..
W i s . ...

.7
.7
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.5
1.6
1.6
2.0
2.0
2.5
3.7
5.7
8.6
52.7

CO PYRIG H T. 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

N A T IV E S

P late 3 6

P O P U IiA T IO IT

INTER-STATE MIGRATION.

(Based on the Returns o f the
Tenth Census.)

ALABAMA.

-Continued.

SOUTH CAROLINA

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S
to Total Population,

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S
to Total Population,
by States,

by States,

,,_ _ 1880.
_ _
_

_ _
_ 880.
1

(

m ;n n .<

NEBR.

Less th an 1 in 2,000
P o p u latio n :_____

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4

C a l..
lz>. C.
IK ans.
I d a ..
Colo.
jM o...
IA riz.
|Ga—
|Tenn.
L a . ...
F la . ..
'A rk ...

1 in 2,000 an d u n d er
1 in 1,000....................
1 in 1,000 an d u n d er
5 in 1,000....................
5 in 1,000 an d u n d er
10 in 1,000.................
10 in 1,000 an d u n d er
60 in 1,000..................

10# of total Populatiorv

60 in 1,000 and u n d er
100 in 1,000.................
100 an d o ver in 1,000

MISSISSIPPI

Population.

Rack !

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

1 in 2,000 an d under
1 in 1,000..............
1 in 1,000 an d under
6 in 1,000..................
6 in 1,000 an d under
10 in 1,000................

State.

C al. .
'M o ...
'A riz .
M on t.
D .C ..
T enn.
L a. ..
N .C ..
T e x ..
A rk ..
M iss.
A la. |Ga—
F la .. .
1S .C ...

10 in 1,000 an d u n d er
50 in 1,000..................

10# of total Population

60 in 1,000 an d u n d e r!
100 in 1,000_______
100 an d over in 1,000,1

LOUISIANA

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S
to Total Population,

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S
to Total Population,
by States,

by States,
B_ _
, _ ..1880.
_

,00*

.

1880. ^ r

IOWA.

[
KANS.

3
coto, |

L ess th an 1 in 2,000
P opu latio n_____

Rank

State.

15
14
13
12
II
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3

M o n t. .
C a l.. .
I d a ---W y o ...
M o.. .
A r iz ...
Colo. ..
F la ___
K ans. .
lA la___
T enn. .
T e x ,...
L a .........
A rk ---M iss...

.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
1.0
1.3
3.9
4.1

1 in 2,000 an d u n d er
1 in 1,000________
1 in 1,000 an d u n d er
5 in 1,000......... ..........
6 in 1,000 an d u n d er
10 in 1,000...... ..........
10 in 1,000 an d u n d er
60 in 1,000..................

Per
Cent

!

10# of total Populatiorv

Less th an 1 in 2,000
Population...........
1 in 2,000 a n d tin der
1 in 1,000_.................
1 in 1,000 an d u n d er
5 in 1,000..................
6 in 1,000 an d u n d er
10 in 1,000..... ..........
10 in 1,000 an d u n d er
50 in 1,000........ .........

50 in 1,000 an d u n d er
100 in 1,000............ ..
100 an d o ver in 1,0001

NEW JER SEY

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4

I d a ..
D .C ..
K ans.
I W yo .
F la ..
M o ...
!Colo.
'M on t.
jC al.N ev. ..
A r iz ..
A r k ...

10# of total Population

50 in 1,000 an d u n d er
100 in 1,000................
100 an d o ver in l,OOol

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S

to Total Population,

to Total Population,

by States,
----------,1880.

by States,

00£

_ _ _
_ _ 1880.
_

KEY
ess th an 1 in 2,000 pi!~!
P opulatio n....... ......

Rank f State.
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

1 in 2,000 an d u n d er
1 in 1,000________
1 in 1,000 an d u n d er
5 in 1,000................_
6 in 1,000 an d u n d er
10 in 1,000.................
i) 10 in 1,000 and u n d er
i( 50 in 1,000............ .....

P«r

Cent

IC al.. .. .4
K ans. . .5
HI......... .5
M ich. . .5
Nebr. . .5
N e v .. . .6
\M ont. . .6
D .C .... .6
|W y o ... .6
Conn. . .7
Colo. .. .8
N .Y. .. .9
P a ......... 1.0
D e l... . 1.5
iN .J .- .. 64.2

10# of total Population*

S

V50 in 1,000 and u n d er
t 100 in 1,000................
300 an d over in 1,000

KANSAS

Less th an 1 in 2,000
P opu latio n.............

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

N .J .- ..
ll ll.........
K ans. .
L a.........
V a ........
A riz .
:Colo. ..
,O hio...
1 o n t. .
M
W y o . ..
,P a .........
W . V a.
D el. . . .
D .O ....
M d .- ..

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S

1 in 2,000 an d u n d er
1 in 1,000....................
1 in 1,000 a n d u n d er
5 in 1,000...................
5 in 1,000 a n d u n d er
10 in 1,000..______
10 in 1,000 an d u n d er
50 in 1,000................. .

10# of total Population

50 in 1,000 an d u n d er
100 in 1,000_______
100 an d o ver in 1,000

CALIFORNIA

to Total Population,
by States,
,

0 0 fr,

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S
to Total Population,
by States,

1880.

__ _
_ _ 1880.
_

ml 3 v
\ t0 A
\ W-/
___
■■fe hi
III
1W/1
1
1
V// //
// A

KANS.

Less th a n 1 in 2,0001
P opu latio n_____

H
ank

State.

15 Nev---14 A rk......
13 Io w a...
12 C a l.. ..
11 N .M ex.
10 A r iz ...
9 N ebr. .
8 M o.. ..
7 O re g ...
6 | o n t..
M
5 lI d a . . . .
4 W a sh .3
2 Dolo. ..
1 'K an s. .

Per
Cent
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.9
.9
.9
1.1
1.8
2.1
23.4

13# of total Population

Less th a n 1 in 2,000
P opu latio n______

1 in 2,000 and und er
1 in 1,000.________
1 in 1,000 an d under
5 in 1,000.________
6 in 1,000 an d u n d er!
10 in 1,000........ ........
10 in 1,000 an d u n d er I
50 in 1,000____

1 in 2,000 and u n d er
1 in 1,000________
1 in 1,000 an d u n d er
5 in 1,000.________
6 in 1,000 an d u n d er
10 in 1,000_______
10 in 1,000 an d u n d er
50 in 1,000.............. ...

50 in 1,000 and underl
100 in 1,000______
100 a n d over in l,000[

State.
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

N ebr. .
K ans. .
D ak. . .
D .C ....
Colo. . .
1U ta h . .
W y o ...
M o n t. .
N .M ex.
I d a ,...
W a sh .O re g . A r iz ...
N e v ....
C a l....

10# of total Population

50 in 1,000 an d u n d er
100 in 1,000_______
100 an d over in 1,000]

COPYRIGHT, 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

#

^
H
H
ft]
|

P late 3 7

PO PTJL A T IO 1S
T

INTER-STATE MIGRATION. —Continued.
ARKANSAS
mmH

(Based on the Returns o f the
Tenth Census )

W EST VIRGINIA

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S
to Total Population,

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S
to Total Population,

by States,

n
mm,..

1

% i

by States,

1 8 8 0 .

38SO .

IOWA.

--

IOWA.

KANS.
TENN. # !
n. mex.

Less than 1 in 2,000
P opu latio n............ .

15
14
13
12
11
10
9

N evT enn.
jC al. .
K ans.
M iss.
Colo.
W yo .
L a ........ .5
W a s h - .5
Oreg. . .6
M o.............. 6
A r iz ... .8
I d a .............9
T e x .... 2.6
A r k ,... 54.4

1 in 2,000 an d u n d er
1 in 1,000......... .........
1 in 1,000 an d under
5 in 1,000....................
6 in 1,000 an d u n d er
10 in 1,000_______
10 in 1,000 an d u n d er
50 in 1,000..................
50 in 1,000 and u n d er

IO jCof total Populatiorr

Ky. — V a ........
I d a ....
P a ........
M o .. ..
M on t. .
Io w a. .
W y o ...
Colo. ..
Nebr. .
D .C ....
M d .. .
K a n s ..
O hio—
W . V a.

100 an d o ver in 1,000.

MINNESOTA,

¥[■' I* s s th an 1 in 2,000
"
Population______
1 in 2,000 an d und er
1 in 1,000....................
1 in 1,000 an d under
5 in 1,000....... ...........
5 in 1,000 and u n d er
10 in 1,000................
10 in 1,000 an d u n d er
50 in 1,000................

IO£ of total Population

60 in 1,000 a n d u n d e r
100 in 1,000_______ _ J

100 a n d over in 1,0001

NEB RASKA

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S
to Total Population,

R A T IO O F N A T IV E S
to Total Population,
by States,

by States,
.

1 8 8 0 .

. ________ 1 8 8 0 .

KANS.
SENN
Less th an 1 in 2,000
P opu latio n.............

Rank
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
I

Per
State. Cent
A r iz ... j
N ev---- .1
C a l- .. .2
K a n s .. .3
W y o ... .3
Iowa. . .4
I d a ...
.4
Colo. .. .4
W is---.4
O reg. . .5
N ebr. . .5
W a sh . - .8
M on t. . 1.0
D ak . ..
M inn. . 38.7

I

1 in 2,000 and u n d er
1 in 1,000...............
1 in 1,000 an d und er
6 in 1,000...................
6 in 1,000 an d u n d er
10 in 1,000.................
10 in 1,000 an d u n d er
60 in 1,000..................

of total Populatiorr

Less th an 1 in 2,000
P opulatio n............

1 in 1,000 an d u n d er
5 in 1,000________
5 in 1,000 a n d u n d er
10 in 1,000..... ...........
10 in 1,000 an d u n d er
50 in 1,000..................

60 in 1,000 an d u n d er
100 in 1,000_______
100 an d o ver in 1,000

1 In 2,000 an d u n d er
H
ank State.
S

!

1
i

15
14
13
12
ii

Per
Cent

A r iz . . .0
iCal. . . .
.1
Nev—
.1
M o - .. .1
Io w a... .2
U ta h .. .3
O reg. . .4
K ans. . .4
M o n t .. .5
I d a ---.5
Dak. . . .6
C o lo -.
.6
W a sh .. .5
W yo._ . 1.8
N e b r ..

10^ of total Population

1jj 1
0
9
8
7
6
6
4
3
2
1

5
1

50 in 1,000 and un d er
100 in 1,000................
100 a n d over in 1,000

NEW HAMPSHIRE

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S
to Total Population,

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S
to Total Population,

by States,
„ ____ —

by States,

1 8 8 0 .

-----------

1 8 8 0 .

IOWA.

KANS.
TENN.

s ’
n.uex.

Less th a n 1 in 2,000
P opu latio n.............

State.

Per
Cent

O reg. .
R .I . . . .
A r iz ...
W y o ...
D oJc. ..
Ida—
Colo.
iM o n t. .
M in n ..
C a l- ..
Nev_
_
W a sh .M ass. .
N.H. ..
iM e—..

.8
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.9
2.5
3.8
4.1

Rank
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

1 in 2,000 an d u n d er
1 in 1,000....................
1 in 1,000 an d u n d er
5 in 1,000.________
5 in 1,000 an d u n d er
10 in 1,000.................
10 in 1,000 an d u n d er
50 in 1,000............... _

IO£ of total Populatiorr

50 in 1,000 an d u n d er
100 in 1,000............I
100 a n d o ver in 1,000 j

CONNECTICUT,

Less th a n 1 in 2,0001
P op u latio n ........... J
1 in 2,000 an d u n d er
1 in 1,000................. J
1 in 1,000 an d u n d er
5 in 1,000....................
6 in 1,000 an d u n d er
10 in 1,000_______

,RW
2

H
unk

SUte.

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

D .C ....
Conn. .
A r iz ...
N ev—
Colo. ..
M o n t. .
C a l.. ..
D ak . ..
M inn. .
W y o . ..
R .I . . . .
M e___
M ass. .
V t ........
N .H . ..

Per

per Cent.

Cent

.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.5
.5
.6
1.5
3.0
3.5
70.0

\0% of total

10 in 1,000 an d u n d er
50 in 1,000.................

Population

50 in 1,000 an d u n d er
100 in 1,000_______
.100 a n d o v er in 1,000

VERMONT

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S
to Total Population,

R A T IO OF N A T IV E S
to Total Population,

by States,
____ _

;

NEBR.

by States,

1 8 8 0 .

_____

1 8 8 0 .

\

KANS.
TENN.

--Less th an 1 in 2,000
P opu latio n_____

P opulation.

Rank

State.

I 0%of total Populatiorv

1 in 2,000 an d u n d er
1 in 1,000.________
i in 1,000 and u n d er
5 in 1,000________
6 in 1,000 an d u n d er
10 in 1,000___
10 in 1,000 an d u n d er
50 in 1,000..................
60 in 1,000 and u n d er

W yo.
C a l. .
Nev. .
N .J —
Colo.
N .Y .
M ass.
R .I ..
Conn,

Per

Rank

State.

Cent

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

A r iz ...
N.Y. ..
M o n t ..
N e v .. .
N e b r...
I o w a ...
M ich . .
C o lo ...
W y o ...
W is. ..
D ak . ..
M inn. .
M ass. .
N .H . . .
V t ........

.6
.6
.7
.7
.7
.8
.8
.8
.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.5
75.8

CO PYRIGH T, 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

10^ of total Population

1 in 2,000 and u n d er
1 in 1,000...................
1 in 1,000 and u n d er
6 in 1 ,000....................
5 in 1,000 an d u n d er
10 in 1,000_ ____
_
10 in 1,000 an d u n d e r I
50 in 1,000.............. _J
50 in 1,000 a n d under
100 in 1,000______
100 a n d over in 1,00

P l a t e 38

I * O IF IJ L A T I O 1 T
F
S

DEFECTIVE, DEPENDENT AND DELINQUENT CLASSES.

(Based on the Returns o f
the Tenth Census.)

INSANE.

> ----S H N D E X .

Ratio to Total Population, 1880.

Per
R
ank State. C
ent.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Wyo. _
Ida. ..
Nev...
Colo. .
Ariz. .
Dak. ._
Fla. Tex...
A rk...
[Nebr..
Kans..
Miss. .
Utah. .
La. ...
(la ....
S.C.. .
Ala. ..
N.Mex
Del. ..
N.C...
Minn..
Mont. _
Tenn..
Mo__
Iowa..
W.Va.
V a ....
Ill......
K y...Mich..
Ind. ..
Wash.W is...
Pa. ...
Md__
iN.J. ..
Oreg..
Ohio. .
Me....
R.1---Conn..
N. Y...
Mass..
Cal.. .
N.H...
Vt. ...
D.C...

SCALE:

1 to 2,000 Population.

.01
.04
.04
.05
.05
.05
.09
.09
.09
.09
.10
.10
.10
.10
.11
.11
.12
.12
.13
.14
.14
.15
.15
.15
.15
.15
.15
.16
.16
.17
.17
.17
.19
.19
.19
.21
.21
.22
.23
.24
.27
.27
.28
.28
.30
.80
.52

1 to 1,000

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
SI
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Wyo. .
Ariz. .
Nev...
Mont. .
Colo. .
Cal__
Dak...
D.C...
Wash.Ida. ..
Nebr..
R.l—
Minn..
N .J...
N. Mex
Utah. .
Oreg..
Kans..
La.. ..
Mass..
N.Y...
Conn.Mich..
Wis...
Ill___
Fla. ..
Miss. .
Md....
Iowa.Tex...
Pa... .
Mo....
Ga.. ..
S.C.. .
Ark...
Ala. ..
Del. ..
V a ....
Ohio. .
N.II...
Me....
K y....
W.Va.
N.C...
Tenn..
lnd. ..
Vt.. ..

Total —

Ida. ..
Wyo. .
Mont. .
Nev...
Dak...
Nebr..
Oreg..
Colo. .
Minn..
Wash.Ai'iz. .
N.J. ..
[Cal__
Kans..
Mich..
Fla. ..
Iowa..
Wis...
in___
Tex...
Del.'..
Utah. .
La. ...
P a ....
D.C...
Ohio. .
Miss. .
Mass..
Conn.N.Y...
W.Va.
Md. . .
Mo.._.
Ga---R .I.-.
S.C. ..
A la...
V a....
Ind. ..
N.H...
Ark...
Me....
K y....
Tenn.N.C...
Vt. ...
N.Mex

4 to 1,000

5 to 1,000

IN D E X .

SCA LE:

1 to 2,000 Population.

1 to 1,000

Ala. . .12 Mo. . .16
Ariz. .46 Mont. 44
Ark.. .13 Nebr. .37
Cal.. .42 Nev.. .45
Colo. .43 N.IL. 8
Conn -26 N.J. . .34
Dak...41 N.Mex 33
Del. . .11 N.Y.. 27
DC.. .40 N.C.. 4
Fla. ..22 Ohio. 9
Ga... .15 Oreg. .31
Ida. _.38 Pa... .17
111. . . .23 R.l. . .36
lnd. . 2B.C. . 14
Iowa. -19 Tenn. 3
Kans. .30 Tex.. 18
Ky... 6 Utah. .32
La.. . 29 Vt... 1
Me... 7 Va... 10
Md.. .20 Wash.-39
Mass. .28 W.Va 5
Mich. .25 Wis.. .24
Minn. -35 Wyo. 47
Miss. .21

Total Idiotic in the United States,

76,895.

SCALE:

General Ratios.

Idiotic.

1 to 2,000 Population.
.1 to 1.000

P
er
C
ent.

Colored . .14
White.. . .15
2 to 1,000

Foreign.. .05
Native... .16
Female.. .12
Male---- .17
Total---- .15

3 to 1,000

I.C.
■enn.
■ B id .

Wt.

M----C « C lN D E X .

Ratio to Total Population, 1880.

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

.18

3 to 1,000

BLIND.

R
ank State.

P er
C en t

Male......
2 to 1,000 Female..
Colored .
White. -.
Native. .
Foreign .

P er

.01
.02
.02
.03
.03

91,997.

In san e.

Ratio to Total Population, 1880.

C
ent.

Total Insane in the United States,

General Ratios

IDIOTIC.

R
ank State.

Ala. ..31 Mo... .24
Ariz. 43 Mont. 26
Ark...39 Nebr. .38
Cal. . 4 Nev.. .45
Colo. .44 N.H.. 3
Conn. - 7 N.J. . .13
Dak...42 N.Mex 30
Del. . .29 N.Y.. 6
DC.. 1 N.C. . .28
Fla. . .41 Ohio. .10
Oreg. .11
G a ...
Ida. _.46 P a... .14
111.. . .20 R.l. . . 8
lnd. . .17 S.C. . .32
Iowa. -23 Tenn. .25
Kans. -37 Tex.. 40
Ky.-- .19 Utah.. .35
L a... .84 Vt. .. 2
Me... 9 Va . .21
Md.. .13 Wash -16
Mass. 5 W.Va 22
Mich. .18 Wis.. .15
Minn -27 Wyo. .47
Miss. .36

Per
Cent.
.01
.01
.03
.03
.04
.04
.04
.05
.05
.06
.06
.07
.07
.07
.07
.07
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.08
.09
.09
.09
.09
.09
.09
.09
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.11
.11
.11
.11
.11
.12
.12
.12
.13
.13
.14
.29

SCA LE:

1 to 2,000 Population.

1 to 1,000

Ala. . .11 Mo... .15
Ariz. .37 Mont. .45
Ark.. 7 Nebr. .42
Cal.. .35 Nev.. .44
Colo. .40 N.II.. 8
Conn. -19 N.J. . 36
Dak.. .43 N.Mex 1
Del. . 27 N.Y.. 18
D.C.. .23 N.C. . 3
Fla. . .32 Ohio. .22
Ga... .14 Oreg. .41
Ida. . .47 Pa.. . .24
in ... .29 R.1... .13
Ind. . 9 S.C. . .12
Iowa. -31 Tenn. 4
Kans. .34 Tex.. 28
Ky... 5 Utah. .26
La.. . .25 Vt... 2
Me... 6 V a... .10
Md. . .16 Wash -38
Mass. .20 W.Va .17
Mich. .33 Wis.. .30
Minn. .39 Wyo.. .46
Miss. .21

Total Blind in the United States,

48,928.

General Ratios.

Blind.
2 to 1,000

Per
Cent.

SCALE:

1 to 2,000 Population.
1 to 1,000

Fem ale..
M ale. . —
W h ite ...
Colored..
25 an d over,

N ative...
Foreign .
T o ta l....

.09
E X P L A N A T O R Y .—The* General Ratios are based
upon the totals for the whole country, of the several
classes represented, and not upon total population, as
in the case of state ratios. For example, the total in­
sane males in the United States are compared with the
total male population.
3 to 1,000

C O PYRIG H T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

POPTJL^.TIOIT

P l a t e 39

DEFECTIVE, DEPENDENT AND DELINQUENT CLASSES.
DEAF MUTES.

h—

Ratio to Total Population, 1880.

Per
R
ank State. C
ent
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Nev...
Ariz. .
Ida. ..
Mont. .
Wash.Colo. .
Fla. ..
Cal.. .
N .J...
Dak...
Tex...
Wyo. .
Ga---Miss. .
R.I—
Mass..
Ala. ..
La. ...
S.C.. .
Del. ..
N.Mex
Oreg..
Nebr..
N.H...
v t . ...
Minn..
Iowa .
Kans. V a....
Ark...
Ale—
Tenn.Mich..
Ill___
Md.. .
P a....
Ohio..
Mo....
N.C...
N. Y...
Ky....
Utah..
Wis...
W.Va.
Ind. ..
D.C...
Conn.-

.01
.01
.02
.02
.03
.04
.04
.04
.04

SCALE;

1 to 2,000 Population.

1 to 1,000

.05

Per
Deaf M
utes. C
ent.
2 to 1,000

1 to 2,000 Population.
1 to 1,000

Colored . .04
White.. .
Foreign..
Native...
25 and over,

Female..
Male___
Total —

.06

3 to 1,000

Per
C
ent.
one.
Mont. . N
Ariz. . .01
La. ... .01
Dak... .01
Wash.- .02
Utah.. .02
Ark... .02
Colo. . .02
N.Mex .03
Tex... .03
Mebr.. .03
Fla. .. .03
Wyo. . .04
Oreg.. .04
Miss. . .04
Ida. .. .05
Kans.- .05
A la ... .06
Minn.. .06
S.C. .. .07
Ga.... .08
Mo.... .08
Tenn.. .09
D.C... .10
K y.... .12
Iowa . .13
N.C... .13
Ill___ .13
Mich.. .14
Md.... .14
Nev... .15
W is... .15
Cal.. . .19
W.Va. .19
R.I— .19
Ind. .. .20
V a.... .20
Ohio.. .23
N.J. .. .26
Del. .. .26
Conn.. .28
Pa. ... .29
N.Y.-. .29
Mass.. .30
v t . .. .47
Me.... .49
N.II... .58

R
ank State.

-« IN D E X .

SCALE:

1 to 2,000 Population.

1 to 1,000

.03
.04
.04
.04
.04

U nder 3 in 10,000 Pop. ____

General Ratios,

Paupers.
Colored .
2 to 1,000 White. ..
Female..
Male......

Per
Cent.
.08
.14
.12
.14
25 and over,

Native . . .10
Foreign . .34
Total__

.13
Note.—'This map and chart of state ratios are based on the total paupers in
the several states, while the chart of General Ratios is based on the paupers in
almshouses alone—there being 21,598 “ out-door poor,” not classified as colored,
white, &c.
3,to 1,000

4 to 1,000

5 to 1,000

RATIO
a

Ratio to Total Pooulation, 1880.

Per
C
ent.

Ala. . .30 Mo... .26
Ark.. .41 Mont. 47
Ariz. .46 Nebr. .37
Cal.. .15 Nev. 17
Colo. .40 N.H.. 1
Conn. 7 N.J. . 0
Dak...44 N.Mex39
Del. . 8 N.Y.. 5
1). c ...24 N.C.. .21
Fla. . .36 Ohio. .10
Ga... .27 Oreg. .34
Ida. . .32 Pa.. . 6
111.. . .20 R.I... .13
Ind. . .12 S.C. . 28
Iowa .22 Tenn. -25
Kans. .31 Tex.. .38
Ky. . .23 Utah. .42
La.. . .45 Vt.. . 3
Me... 2 Va... 11
Md... .18 Wash 43
Mass. 4 W.Va 14
Mich. 19 Wis.. .16
Minn. .29 Wyo. 35
Miss. .33

3 and u n d er 5 in 10,000 Pop.

PRISONERS.

47 \N.Mex
46 Utah..
45 Dak. .
44 Wis...
43 Iow a.
42 Minn..
41 Del. ..
40 Me....
39 W.Va.
38 S.C. ..
37 Vt. ...
36 N.H...
& Ohio..
5
34 Ind. ..
as Nebr..
32 K y....
31 Mo....
30 Ark...
29 Ida. ..
28 Fla. ..
27 Va—
26 Wash.25 111___
24 Ala. ..
23 P a ....
22 La---21 R.I—
20 N.C...
19 Miss. .
18 Conn.17 Mich..
16
15 Kans.14 Oreg. .
13 Md. ..
12 Tenn.11 N .J...
10 Ariz. .
9 N.Y...
8 Colo .
7 Mont..
6 Tex...
5 Mass..
4 D.C...
3 Cal. ..
2 Nev...
1 Wyo. .

U nder 3 in 10,000 Pop.............

General Ratios.

Ratio to Total Population, 1880.

R
ank State.

« T IN D E X .

Ala. . .31 Mo... .10
Ariz. .46 Mont. .44
Ark.. .lSlNebr. .25
Cal.. .40 Nev.. .47
Colo. .42 N.H.. .24
Conn - 1 N.J. . .39
Dak.. 38 N.Mex 21
Pel. . 28 N.Y.. 8
DC.. 2 N.C.. 9
Fla. . 41 Ohio. 11
Ga... .35 Oreg. .26
Ida. ..45 Pa... .12
.33
111. . . .14 R.J.—
Ind. . 3 S.C. . 29
Iowa 21 Tenn. -16
Kans -20 Tex.. 37
Ky .. 7 Utah. 6
L a... .30 Vt. .. 23
Me... .17 Va... .19
Md. . .13 Wash -43
Mass. .32 W.Va 4
Mich. .15 Wis.. 5
Minn -22 Wyo. .36
Miss. .134

S an d u n d er 5 in 10,000 Top.

PAUPERS.

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
89
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
8
2
1

(Based on the Returns o f
the Tenth Census.)

SCALE.

1 to 2,000 Population.

1 to. 1,000

IN D E X .

Ala. .24 Mo... .31
Ariz. .1C Mont. 7
Ark.. .30 Nebr. -33
CaL. . 3 Nev.. 2
Colo. . 8 N.II.. .36
Conn. -18 N.J. . .11
Dak. ..45 N.Mex47
Del. . .41 N.Y.. 9
DC.. 4 N.C.. .20
Fla. ..28 Ohio. .35
Ga... .16 Oreg. .14
Ida. . 39 Pa... .23
111.. . .88 ILL-- .21
Ind. . 34 S.C. ..38
Iowa .43 Tenn. -12
Kans. -15 Tex.. 6
Ky... .32 Utah. .46
La... .22 Vt.. . .37
Me... .40 Va... 27
Md. . .13 Wash -26
Mass. 5 W.Va 39
Mich. .17 Wis.. .44
Minn. .42 Wyo.. . 1
Miss. .19

Total Prisoners In the United States,

59,255.

U nder 3 in 10,000 Pop. -------3 an d u n d er 5 in 10,000 Pop.

General Ratios.

2 to 1,000

P riso n e rs .

Per
C e n t.

Native...
Foreign .
Female..
Male. . . .

.0 2

W h ite ...
Colored..
Total----

.1 1

3 to 1,000

C O PYR IG H T , 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

V —M o r t a l i t y
IN D E X TO P L A T E S .

W HOOPING COUGH.

DEATHS UNDER ONE AND UNDER FIVE
YEARS.............................................................Plate 40

M EASLES................. Plate 45

R a t io o f D e a th s to A g g r e g a t e D e a th s.

R a t io o f T o ta l to A g g r e g a t e D e a th s.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.

EXPECTATION OF LIFE.

CONSUMPTION. Plate 41

A m o n g N a tiv e W h i t e M a le s , b y A g e s .

R a t io o f D e a th s to A g g r e g a t e D e a th s .

NERVOUS SYSTEM.
DIARRHCEAL DIS­
EASES .............................................................Plate 42

LIFE INSURANCE EXPERIENCE (MALES). Plate 47
D e a th s fro m S e le c te d D is e a se s , b y S ta te s.

R a t io o f D e a th s to A g g r e g a t e D e a th s .

DIPHTHERIA.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.............. Plate 43

LIFE INSURANCE EXPERIENCE (BOTH
SEXES)................................................... Plates 48-49

R a tio o f D e a th s to A g g r e g a t e D e a th s .

ENTERIC FEVER.

SCARLET FEVER............Plate 44

P r in c ip a l C a u s e s o f D e a th , b y Y e a r s o f In s u ra n c e .
A m e r ic a n a n d E n g lis h E x p e r ie n c e .

R a t io o f D e a th s to A g g r e g a t e D e a th s.

I l l G e n e r a l . — The total number of deaths

In the states of New Jersey and Massa­

reported by the Tenth Census, as occurring in

chusetts, in the District of Columbia, and in

the country during the year 1880, was 756,893,

the

making the death rate 15.1 in 1,000.

Chicago,

In 1870

DEATH RATE. . . Plate 46

cities of Baltimore,
Cincinnati,

Bangor,

Charleston,

the death rate shown by the reported number

Indianapolis, Louisville,

of deaths was 12.8, and in i860 it was 12.5.

Nashville,

T h is apparent increase in the death rate is due

delphia,

simply to the fact that more effective measures

St. Louis,

Brooklyn,
Cleveland,

Milwaukee,

Mobile,

New Orleans, New York, Phila­

among colored infants, that of colored adults
being only slightly in excess of the whites.
The death rate among males was slightly
greater than among females.
female

deaths

there

For every 1,000

occurred

1,074

male

deaths; showing a male death rate of 15.35

Richmond,

and a female death rate of 14.81 per thousand.

San Francisco and Wilmington,

This excess is probably .due, however, to the

were taken for securing full returns than by

registers of deaths are kept, which are pre­

greater number of unreported deaths of females.

preceding censuses.

sumably quite full and accurate.

Pittsburgh,

Providence,

Comparing

O f the total number of deaths among males

According to

these returns with those of the enumerators,

whose ages were reported, those at less than

the estimate of Dr. J. S. Billings, under whose

Dr. Billings has arrived at the conclusion that

one year of age formed 24.80 per cent., while

direction the reports were compiled, not over

the actual average death rate in this country,

the deaths of females less than one year of

70 per cent, of the total number of deaths were

in 1880, was certainly between 17 and

age formed but 21.54 per cent, of the whole

reported. The deficiencies are probably greatest

per

in the more sparsely settled regions, and in the

18.2 per thousand.

H e contrasts this with

deaths of males under five years of age were

Southern states; they are doubtless greater

the death

England, 20.5,

of

41.95 per cent, of all male deaths, while the

among the colored race than among whites,

Scotland, 21.3 per thousand.

The reason for

deaths of females under five years were but

among females than among

males, among

the smaller annual death rate in this country

foreigners than

among infants

may be found in the abundance, cheapness

The returns for 1880 were,

however, still far from complete.

natives, and

The statistics of mortality reported by this
census are, of course, inadequate for such
purposes as forming life-tables, in which the

rate

and
of

was

probably

nearly
and

number

of

female

deaths.

Similarly,

the

38.19 per cent, of all female deaths.
O f the whole number of deaths concerning

everywhere

which the age at death was reported, 8.76 per

obtainable, and in the fact that the population

cent, were between the ages of five and fifteen;

is not overcrowded.

29.96 per cent, were between fifteen and sixty,

and

than adults.

thousand,

19

excellent

quality

of food

O f the whites, the death rate per thousand

and 17.24 per cent, over sixty.

For

was 14.74, according to the census returns.

comparative purposes, however, as illustrating

That of the colored race was decidedly greater,

T h e P lates .— The

the relative proportions of deaths by different

being not less than 17.28 per thousand.

As

40 to 45, inclusive, have been constructed on a

diseases, the relative prevalence of

certain

the omissions were, doubtless, much greater in

plan different from that elsewhere employed in

diseases in different sections of the country,

the case of the colored than the white element,

the charts.

the relative mortality of the white and colored

the actual death rate would show a still greater

certain

races, etc., they are of the greatest value,

disparity between the two classes.

one another in topography, climate and other

although the results are affected, to a minor

proportion of deaths among the colored race

conditions affecting mortality.

extent, by the omissions above mentioned.

is accounted for mainly by the great mortality

are sub-divided by state lines, and the divisions

total

number of deaths

is required.

The higher

maps given on Plates

The country has been divided into

characteristic regions, differing from
These regions

SCRIBNER'S STA TISTICA L ATLAS.

liv

of the states, resulting therefrom, 111 in num­

most of which is yet unsettled, a Mississippi

settled, have the largest proportion of urban

ber, have been used as the units of the maps.

river belt, a small area lying between the two

population, and in this section the comforts and

just mentioned, together with the prairie region

refinements of civilization are most widely

Massachusetts and Connecticut are each divided

in the southwestern part of the state.

diffused.

into two parts: that adjacent to the Atlantic

consists of narrow strips along the Mississippi

of

coast and the hilly or mountainous interior.

and Missouri rivers, with a large interior of

country, but this fact is sufficient to account

Vermont lies entirely in the hilly region, while

prairie.

for only a very small part of the difference in

Rhode Island is wholly in the region subjected

strips bordering its two great rivers, a prairie

the rate of infantile mortality.

to direct oceanic influences.

region in the northern part and a timbered,

at hand corroborate the general law, that the

New Y ork has five sub-divisions, as follows:

broken country in the southern part of the state.

higher the degree of civilization the less the

A small area in the southeast corner, adjacent

Dakota and Nebraska contain, together with

birth rate, and the smaller the mortality among

to the coast, the Catskill and the Adirondack

the narrow strip along the Missouri, a prairie

regions, the more or less hilly interior, and the

region on the east, and a portion of the Great

The greater mortality among the young in

portion bordering Lakes Erie and Ontario.

Plains on the west, while Kansas is divided

the Southern states, is doubtless due in part to

Pennsylvania has three sections: that of the

between the last two named regions.

the preponderance of the colored element in the

Appalachians, in the middle of the state, with

comprises a coast section, an interior largely

population.

the plateau and hill country on either side,

covered with forests, and the western portion

complete returns from this class, the number of

forming the eastern and western divisions.

of the state which corresponds to the western

deaths is probably understated.

New Jersey and Maryland have each a coast

sections of Dakota, Nebraska and Kansas.

The states of

Maine,

New Hampshire,

and a mountainous section, while Delaware
and

the District of Columbia are

entirely

Iowa

In Missouri there are, besides the

Texas

families is less

than elsewhere in the

A ll the facts

the young.

Owing to the difficulty of getting

The high ratio of infantile mortality in

The areas of Montana, W yoming, Colorado
and

It is true that here the average size

New Mexico, are divided between the

Utah is worthy of note, in connection with the
practice of polygamy.

In most of the other

Great Plains and the Cordilleran mountain

within the coast region.
The states of Virginia, North and South

territories and W estern states the proportion is

region.

low, manifestly because of the small proportion

T o the latter belong also the entire

which children bear to the total population.

Carolina, Georgia and Alabama are each divided

areas of Idaho, Utah, Nevada and Arizona,

into three sections, comprising the low, and

with the eastern parts of California, Oregon

largely swampy coast, the hilly or mountainous

and Washington Territory.

portion, and the plain or plateau lying between

region includes the western parts of the three

D eaths fro m D ifferent Classes of
Diseases.— O f the total number of deaths

them.

last named.

reported by the Census, the cause of death was

Florida as a whole belongs to the coast

region.

Mississippi and Louisiana also are

These

sections

The Pacific coast

having

been

outlined

given in 733,840 cases.

The following table

divided into three sections: the coast, the allu­

without direct reference to the prevalence of

gives

vial lands of the Mississippi, and the upland

particular diseases, may or may not coincide

principal diseases, or groups of diseases, with

plains.

with areas of different shades of color.

the proportion which each bears to the total

Arkansas comprises the upland plains

the

number of deaths

due

to

ten

.! S
.

In Tennessee there are five areas, compris­

the series of maps on Plates 41 to 45 inclusive,

ing the mountain region in the east, the central

which treat of the relative prevalence of princi­

basin-like area, the plateau in the western part

pal diseases, as shown by the census returns;

of the state, and a narrow strip of alluvial land

hence a given shade indicates on all these

on the Mississippi.

Kentucky has four sec­

maps the same proportion of the total deaths.

tions : the mountain region in the east, the

A deep shade, indicating a high proportion

central region of rolling, hilly country, and the
strips along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers.
W est Virginia comprises two sections: that of

number of deaths, of which the causes were—reported:
N umber of
D eaths .

C auses .

D is e a s e s o f th e r e s p ir a t o r y s y s t e m .............

10 7 ,9 0 4

P ercentage
of all

D eaths .
1 4 .7 0

00

The scale of color is the same throughout

M
10

and the alluvial lands bordering the Mississippi.

C o n s u m p t io n ..............................................................

9 I ,5 5 I

D is e a s e s o f th e n e r v o u s s y s t e m .....................

8 3 ,6 70

1 1 .4 0

of deaths, does not, however, necessarily imply

D ia r r h e a l d i s e a s e s ..................................................

6 5 ,5 6 5

8 .9 4

that a locality is especially favorable to the

D i p h t h e r i a ....................................................................

3 8 ,3 9 8

5 -2 3

prevalence of the disease.

D is e a s e s o f th e d ig e s t i v e s y s t e m ..................

3 4 ,0 9 4

4 .6 4

E n t e r i c f e v e r ..............................................................

22,905

3.12

It may indicate, on

the mountains and that bordering the Ohio

the contrary, that, on account of its real or

S c a r le t f e v e r ...............................................................

1 6 ,4 1 6

2 . 24

river.

fancied healthfulness, the region is one fre­

W h o o p in g c o u g h ....................................................

11,202

!- 5 3

quented by invalids beyond recovery, whose

M e a s l e s .........................................................................

8 ,7 7 2

00
M
M

Ohio

and

Indiana are sub-divided

into

three areas: that bordering on Lake Erie and

deaths unduly swell the proportion.

Lake Michigan, that of the Ohio valley, and a

noticeably the case with the California coast

Deaths from diseases of the respiratory

middle region which is level or rolling, in the

region, and parts of Minnesota, which have

organs were much less prevalent along the

latter state approaching the character of prairie.

been much sought by consumptives.

coast than in the interior of the country,

This is

Illinois is similarly divided into a lake region

showing that the uniform climatical conditions,

and a Mississippi river belt, with a larger cen­

M o r t a lit y o f In fa n ts .— The

maps

induced by the presence of large bodies of

tral section of prairie.

upon Plate 40, show the proportion which the

water, are favorable to immunity from this

Michigan contains two areas, one bordering

deaths under the ages of one and of five years

class of diseases, while the extremes of a

on the lakes, and a heavily-timbered interior

respectively bear to the total deaths. It appears

continental climate are correspondingly un­

section.

Wisconsin has, besides two areas

that the proportion of deaths in the earlier years

favorable. These affections were very prevalent

corresponding to those of Michigan, a prairie

is very much smaller in the northern than in

in

region in the southern part, and a narrow belt

the southern

Mississippi valley.

along the Mississippi.* Minnesota has four sec­

decidedly the smallest in the North Atlantic

Cordilleran region, in the Pacific states, and

tions: the heavily-timbered northern portion,

group of states.

especially in the coast region of California,

part of the

country, and

is

These are the most densely

the

central

and

western

parts of the

In the higher parts of the

M ORTALITY.
the large

distributed over the country with great uni­

least mortality was in Rhode Island, w h ere,

troubles is doubtless due to the number of

formity.

only 0.02 per cent, of all deaths were chargeable

invalids, suffering from such diseases, who

to the total deaths reported, which was, in the

have resorted to these sections in the vain

country at large, 4.64 per cent., ranged among

One very important practical point has been

hope of recovery.

the different states only from 2.8 per cent, in

brought out forcibly by Dr. Billings’ discussion

by

Vermont, to 6.27 per cent, in South Carolina.

of these statistics.

The disease

W ith scarcely an exception, it was greatest in

due to blood poisoning, such as diphtheria and

was also very prevalent in New York, southern

the Southern states, owing to some extent to

enteric and malarial fevers, the mortality is

Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee. The Southern

the climate, and largely to disregard of proper

decidedly less in the large, well-sewered cities,

states, with the exception of the two above

diet and the prevalence of rude cookery.

which have general systems of water supply,

The

proportion of deaths from lung

lv

^

region primarily most affected

consumption was New England.

The ratio of deaths from this cause

to this disease.

In the case of all diseases

Typhoid fevers appear to have been least

than in the rural districts and small towns

prevalent in the North Atlantic states, showing

where water is obtained from wells, and where

Diseases of the nervous system were most

that the attention given to drainage, sewerage,

excreta are stored in cess-pools and vaults.

prevalent in the North Atlantic states and in

etc., offsets the ill-effects which follow the

Thus, in the lake region, in the cities, 7.82 per

Ohio, where they accompany the large urban

condensation

In the South

cent, of all deaths were from diphtheria, while

population, the close settlement, and the pre­

Atlantic region, and in the Mississippi valley,

in the rural districts and small towns 8.41 per

ponderance of professional employments and

the disease was more prominent.

cent, w e r' due to this disease.

of manufactures.

Under these conditions the

speaking, it was less prevalent in the northern

enteric fever, in the same region, the corre­

struggle for a livelihood is more intense than

than in the southern parts of the country, a

sponding proportions were 1.72 and 2.73; in

in agricultural sections, and the result of the

warm climate appearing to be more favorable

the North Atlantic region, 1.63 and 2.00, and

greater wear of the nervous system is plainly

for its development than a cold one.

in the Gulf coast region 0.77 and 3.00 per cent.

mentioned, were comparatively exempt from
this scourge.

of population.

Generally

In the case of

i

shown.

These diseases are prevalent in a

Scarlet fever, so common and so fatal

secondary degree in the central part of the

among children, was confined in its range

quite as striking.

Mississippi valley, from the Gulf coast to the

almost entirely to the Northern states, where,

portions were 0.83 and 1.12; in the North

great lakes, and along the South Atlantic

as in the case of diphtheria, the facilities for

Atlantic region, 0.30 and 0.54, and on the Gulf

coast, as well as throughout California and

spreading, consequent upon dense settlement

coast 4.48 and 7.76 per cent.

western Oregon.

and more general intercommunication, are very

The proportion is small in

eastern Kentucky and Tennessee, in Alabama,
and in the inland portions of North and South

The results in the case of malarial fevers are
In the lake region, the pro­

The exhibits on Plate 46 of the “ expecta­
tion of life” among native white males, at

great.
In the South the proportion of deaths from

different ages from birth up to one hundred
*

Carolina and Georgia.

It is still smaller in

this disease was trifling, amounting in nearly

years, an

most of the Cordilleran region and upon the

every state south of Mason and Dixon’s line

of each 100,000 of the same class, are based on

Great Plains.

and the Ohio river, to less than one per cent.

tables prepared by Levi W . Meech, actuary,

Diarrheal diseases appear to be relatively

The highest proportion in the country was in

from the mortality statistics of the census of

most prevalent in the prairie region and upon

W yoming, where, owing to an epidemic during

i860 and that of 1880.

the South Atlantic plain, with a marked tend­

the census year, it was 19.57 per cent, of all

ency also toward the Southern Central section.

deaths.

Next to W yom ing was the crowded

increases up to the age of four years, the boy

The proportion is smallest in the W est and in

little state of Rhode Island, in which 11.48 per

who has reached this age having an expecta­

northern New England.

cent, of the deaths were due to this disease.

tion greater by over ten years than at birth.

The southern coast

of the death rate in successive years

The chart shows that the expectation of life

region, with the exception of that of Louisiana,

Deaths from whooping cough were rela­

does not appear to be especially subject to

tively more abundant in the South than in

advantage is gradually lost, and the youth of *

diarrheal disease; indeed, the reverse is the

the North, and least abundant in the North

twenty has only about the same chances of life

case.

Atlantic states, although doubtless the disease

as the new-born infant.

Diphtheria is vastly more prevalent in the

was quite as prevalent there as elsewhere.

four and one hundred does the expectation

North, and particularly so in the Northwest,

W hile few children escape it, the proportion

diminish in an equal ratio with the number of

than in the South.

of deaths is very small.

years elapsed.

This is mainly the result

During the census

Between the ages of four and twenty this

A t no age between

Between the ages of twenty

of the severity of the climate, together with the

year it caused only 1.53

of all

and forty, for example, the expectation dimin­

facilities for spreading this contagious disease

deaths, the ratio ranging in the different states

ishes by about thirteen years, and a like amount

offered by the denser population of the former

'from 0.26 per cent, in New Hampshire, to the

between forty and sixty, while between sixty

region.

unusually large proportion of 7.30 per cent, in

and eighty it decreases but 9.52, and between

New Mexico.

eighty and one hundred only 4.06 years, show­

In Utah nearly one-third of all deaths,

in Dakota nearly one-fourth, and in Nebraska,
Minnesota and Idaho, one-sixth, were caused
by diphtheria.

Passing to the other extreme,

per cent,

The distribution of deaths by measles was
very similar to that of whooping cough.

The

ing a much smaller rate of decrease for the
latter periods.

the deaths from this cause were less than one-

Southern states suffered the greatest mortality,

half of one per cent, in the District of Columbia

and the North Atlantic states the least.

The

than 16.2 per cent, die before reaching the age

and in New Mexico, while in but one of the

lines were not as closely drawn, however, as in

of one year; of those who survive, 6.41 per cent,

Southern states (W est Virginia) did the pro­

the case of whooping cough.

The greatest

die before reaching the age of two years, and

portion reach five per cent.

mortality was in New Mexico, Kansas, Colorado

of the remainder, 3.59 per cent, die before the

and Nebraska, while following them, in almost

age of three.

unbroken line, come the Southern states.

between the ages of thirteen and fourteen.

Deaths

from

diseases

of the

digestive

system, as would naturally be expected, were

The

Out of 100,000 native white males, no less

The smallest death-rate occurs

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

lvi

Not until the age of seventy-two does the

These facts appear to disprove the oft-

and

injuries.

For all diseases, the average

death-rate equal that between the ages of

repeated

statement and popular belief that

duration of the protective effect of examinations

one and two, and not until eighty-four does

Americans, especially those of mature years,

is about two and one-half years, in the case of

it exceed that of infants under one year of age.

and those engaged in occupations which tax

selected liv e s; while, if the rejected lives were

the brain and nervous system, live too fast and

included in the average death-rate for the

L ife In su ran ce E x p e rie n c e —The

wear out the vital energies early.

whole insurance period, it would be seen to be

Plates numbered from 47 to 49, inclusive,

remembered that this is the very class which

are

thirty

indulges in the luxury of life insurance, and this

American life insurance companies, comprising

comparison seems to indicate that, granting

insured persons was, by the American tables,

not far from 1,000,000 lives, as published in

that Americans live at high pressure, then that

for males, 10^ per thousand.

“ Systems and Tables of Life Insurance,” 1881,

condition is more favorable to longevity than

was somewhat greater, being 1 1£ per thousand.

by Levi W . Meech.

the slower life of the mother-country.

Am ong the causes of mortality, consumption

based

upon the

experience of

The statistics which they

present are those, not of the mass of the
population, but of selected

lives, and are,

It should be

Another popular belief is dispelled by the
above-mentioned

concluding

diagram

upon

For a generation American women

much greater.
The

average

mortality per year among
For females it

holds the first place among specific diseases,
causing 1^ deaths per thousand among males,
and 2^ among females.

The following table

therefore, much more favorable to longevity

Plate 49.

than the statistics of the census would be, were

have been derided for their alleged physical

shows the number of deaths per thousand

they complete.

inferiority to their English sisters, who have

persons insured, caused by each of the princi­

The following table exhibits the expectation

been held up as models of health and strength.

pal diseases:

of life, as given by seven different authorities.

In consequence reformers have urged upon

The first six columns, abstracted from the

American women the adoption

article on life insurance in the Encyclopaedia

modes of life as a means of attaining, in a

Britannica, ninth edition, are from English

larger proportion, to the health and long life

experience, while the seventh is taken from

popularly ascribed

Meech’s tabulation of the returns of the United

W hether the fact be reassuring or not, life

States census, mentioned

D eath s.

of English
F em ale.

to the

Male.

1 .8 6

•78

English women.

4 8 .8 3

4 1 .4 6

4 1 .0 6

I n st it u t e of
A c t u a r ie s .
1869.

S e v en tee n
O f fic e s E x ­
p e r ie n c e . 1843.

4 8 .3 2

4 8 .3 6

5 0 .2 9

41-37

4 1 .4 9

4 2 .0 6

A m erican
M ales.
(M e e c h .)

4 8 .8 2

•63

.6 6

tables appear to indicate that, of the two,

•45

.6 4

•52

•53

Od

•49

A comparison of the diagrams on Plates

E nglish
N o. 3. M a l e s .
1864.

I O .......................
2 0 .......................

E q u it a b l e .
(M o r g a n .)
1834.

A ge.

E q u it a b l e .
(D a v ie s .)
1825.

C a r l is l e .
1815.

page;

•77

American women are the longer lived.

on the preceding

•17

47-°5

4 8 .4 4

39-48

4 0 .8 7

.2 8

48 and 49, develops the fact that deaths from
zymotic diseases, as well as from accidents

•36
. 22

and injuries, present a striking exception to

34-53

34-43

3 4 .6 8

3 2 .7 6

34-51

4 ° ........................ 2 7 .6 1
5 ° ........................ 21 . I I

2 7 .4 0

2 7 .4 0

2 7 .2 8

2 7 .4 0

20.83

2 0 .3 6

6
N

6 0 ........................

14 -3 4

15 .0 6

I 3-9 I

13-77

7 ° ........................

9 .1 8

9 .8 4

8 .7 0

8-54

8 0 ........................

5 -5 i

5-38

4-75

4 .7 8

9 ° ........................

3 .2 8

2 .6 5

2 .5 6

2. I I

2 6 .0 6

2 7 .8 8

2 0 .3 1

19-54

2 1 .2 2

13 -8 3

13-53

14-93

C
O
Ca
O

33-98

00

3 ° ........................ 34-34

8-45

9 -5 1

4 .7 2

4-93

5 -4 i

2 .3 6

2 .8 4

2 .7 6

.2 1
. 20
.1 9

the rule that, during the early years of insur­
.2 7

.1 8

ance, medical examination serves as a material

.2 7

.1 8

protection to the companies.

. 26

.1 8

C a n c e r .............................................................................................

Thus the death-rate from the class of con­
stitutional diseases is .63 for the first year of

• 17
B r o n c h i t i s a n d p l e u r i s y ......................................................

. 16

•17

• !5

insurance, 1.53 for the second, and 2.25 for the

.0 8

.I2

third year, per thousand males insured, as

. 16

. 11

It will be seen that the American expecta­

against an average of 2.35 for the entire period

•°5

. 11

tion of male life is greater at all ages, the

of insurance, showing that for these diseases

. 12

. IO

excess in several cases being more than a year,

medical examination is an effective protection

although the American expectation is computed

until after the third year.

for all

lives, while the English experience

deaths from zymotic diseases average 2.37 for

Aside from those causes of death peculiar

covers only selected lives, as above stated.

the first, 1.9 for the second, and 1.88 for the

to women, it appears that females are more

The comparison of selected lives in the two

third year, all being in excess of the average of

liable to diseases of the lungs and of the

countries, given in the diagram at the foot of

1.83 for the entire period of insurance.

There

digestive organs, while males are more subject

Plate 49, shows a still greater difference in

is a similar contrast between zymotic diseases

to accident, and more frequently victims to dis­

favor of American longevity.

and all other causes of death, except accidents

eases of the brain and the nervous system.

I .0 4
D is e a s e s o f th e b r e a s t a n d u t e r u s .............................

•58

On the other hand,

IM Z O IR T .A .IL iIT ^

P l a t e 40

R A T IO OF

TOTAL DEATHS UNDER ONE YEAR,

h ;4'i.'■ '£ ;v o .;v
$ >^ j

4
-

°^G

I

U n d e r 150 in 1,000,

HI

i
i| ipmiI| l J1 I
j| |! | !||
11 I
8

Ratio o f Total Deaths under One Year, to A g g re ­
„„
Rank State.
__________ Le°‘P a ....
Mass..
Mich..
W is...

150 and m nd er 175 in 1,000.

hh

gate Deaths, by States, 1880.
SCALE:
2* 4* 6* 8* 10*12*14* 16*18*20*22*

La. ...

Ind. ..
Ohlo..

N.Mex

276 an d over.

U.S....
N.Y...
N.J. ..
Ark...
W.Va.
Miss. .
Del. ..
S.C. ..
N.C...
Nebr..
Tenn..

U n settled p arts.

Ratio, continued,
SCALE:
Cent.
INDEX,

2 * 4% 6% 8% 10 *1 2 %

Me...
N.H..
Vt. ..
Ida. .
Nev..

Mn
o t.

ni_
_

Ky....
V a....
Minn..
Ala. ..
Kans..
Mo....

Conn.
Colo.

W .
ash

Oreg.
Cal. .

W.
yo
Arlz.

U
tah..

G a ....
Tex...
Md....

R .I ...

Fla. .
Iow a

D.C...

Dak..

R A T IO OF

TOTAL DEATHS UNDER FIVE YEARS,
TO AG GREGATE D EATH S.

M

i

/ )

' 'l l :

U n d e r 200 in 1,000.

Ratio o f Total Deaths under Five Years, to A g g re gate Deaths, by States, 1880.
SCALE:
Per
Rank State. Cent.
_________2* 4* 6* 8* 10*12* Id* 16* 18* 20*22* 24* 2G* 28* 30*32*34* 3G* 38*40*
30 P a . ...
29 N.J. ..
28 La. ...
27 Fla. .. 38.33
26 Wis... 38.49
25 Del. .. 38.96
24 Ind. ..
23 Iowa..
U.S,...
INDEX,
22 Tenn..
21 Miss. . 41.04
.20IN.C... 9
20 Ky....
19 Va.... 41.81
18 W. Va. 42.10
... 42.63
17 Dak
16 Mo.... 43.18
15 m ___ 43.47
14 Minn.. 43.67
13 A rk ...
12 Ala. .. 44.30
1 S.C. .. 44.83
1
10 Md. .. 45.68
9 N .C... 45.70
8 Tex... 46.50
7 D.C... 46.54
6 Ga. ... 46.87
5 N ilex
.
4 Wo .
y.
3 Kans..
2 Nebr..
Jh
1 T ta ..

200 an d u n d er 300 in 1,000

'' ' T ® “
fadluouvl

LtstG
v U
500 an d over,

Ratio, continued,

U n settled p a rts

SCALE:
2* 4* 6* 8* 10*12*14* 10* 18*20*22*
20.88

22.56
24.10
24.58
27.49
28.14
29.20
29.70
31.88
34.83
35.04
35.13
35.68
86.45
36.98
37.71
37.85

CO PYRIG H T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

MORT.

P l a t e 41
R A TIO OF D E A T H S FROM

DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

No d eaths reported.
U nder 10 in 1,000.
10 an d u n d e r 30 in 1,000.

Ratio o f Deaths from Diseases o f the Respiratory System,
to A g gre ga te Deaths, by States,-1880.

Per
Per
C
ent.

R
ank R u t * .
State.
R an k

30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Wis...
Wash.V a....
Del. ..
Mont. .
Cal. ..
Mass..
Conn..
N .J...
V t....
Ga___
Ida...
N.Y...
K y....
Dak...
La. ...
Nebr..
Iowa..
Tenn..
Ala. ..
Tex...
Ind. ..
m . . ..
Kans..
Miss. .
Mo. ..
Utah..
Ark...
Colo. .
Nev...

SCALE!

12.92
12.92
13.09
13.13
150 an d over,

13.91
14.22
14.24
14.39
14.39
14.41
14.48
14.02
14.81
15.05
15.12
15.75
15.90
16.43
16.92
18.36
18.56
18.93

Ratio, continued,

INDEX.

11 Ky. ...17
.41 La___15
3 Me....43
25 Md__ 39 Pa......32
2 Mass. .24 R.
23 Mich. .35 S. C. ..34
16 Minn..44 Tenn..l2
27 Miss. . 6 Tex...10
33 Mo.... 5 Utah.. 4
45 Mont. .26 Vt. ...21
20 Nebr..14 V a-..28
19Nev... 1 Wash.-29
8N.H...42 W.Va. 31
9N.J. ..22 Wis. ..30
.13 N.Mex 37 Wyo. .36
Kans. 7 N.Y.

R
ank State.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31

I....46

Oreg..
R.I—
Fla. ..
Minn..
Me....
N.II...
Arlz. .
Ohio..
Md....
N.C...
N. Mex
Wyo. .
Mich..
S.C. ..
D.C...
Pa. ...
W.Va.

U nsettled p a rts

Per
Cent.
10.95
10.95

12.05
12.06

R A T IO OF D E A T H S FROM

v-'i

i

i

•.'.-v ;.W-T
/

p

•'/:::

S iS S i

pH:0;' /
■
\ ■
/

.B B ii
n

•••

l*o d e a th s rep o rted .

•

U nder 10 in 1,000.

Ratio o f Deaths from Consumption, to A g gre ga te

10 an d u n d er 30 in 1,000.

Deaths, by States, 1880.
—

R ank

----------- T T l

S ta te .

___________ CeDt-

SCALE:

2%

4%

6%

8%

^ to
vvo u
L a ... .
Wis. ..
Oreg..
Va. . .
Ind. ..
P a ....
W .Va.
Mich..

Wash.-

Ohio..
M d....

N .J...
Term..
N.Y...

R
.I_
Conn..
N.H...
Cal. ..

150 a n d over,

Ratio, continued,
INDEX,

R
ank State.
47
146
45
44
43
42
41
40
89
38
37
86
85
34
33
32
31

CO PYRIG H T, 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

Per
Cent.

N. Mex 2.05
Wyo. . 2.64
XJtoh.. 2.85
Mont..
Arlz. .
Ark...
Tex...
Ida. ..
Nebr..
Kans..
Ga....
Colo. Fla. ..
Nev...
Miss. .
Dak...
Minn..

U nsettled p a rts.

SCALE:

M O R TALITY

P l a t e 42

R A T IO OF D E A T H S FRO M

(B ased on th e R e tu rn s of th e Tenth Census.')

-'

No d eaths reported.
U nder 10 in 1,000.

Ratio o f Deaths from Diseases o f tne Nervous System,

10 an d u n d er 30 in 1,000.

to A g gre ga te Deaths, by States, 1880.
R ank

SCALEl

S ta te .

Ala. ..
Ark...
Mich..
Oreg..
Miss. .
Tex...
Iowa.W.Va.
V a ....
Wis...
K y....
Ind. ..
Mo....
Cal....
Fla. ..
Ill___
N .Y.Mass..
Me....
Vt. ...
La. ...
Md....
R.I....
D.C...
P a ....
Del. ..
N.H.__
Ohio..
Conn..

150 a n d over,

IN D E X ,

Ratio, continued,

U nsettled p a rts.
SCALE,

N.Mex
Wyo. .
Ariz. .
Colo. .
Nebr..
Nev...
Utah..
Dak. ..
Wash.N.C...
Mont..
Ida. ..
Minn..
Kans..
G a....
Tenn..

R A TIO OF D E A T H S FROM

DIARRHEAL DISEASES,

No d eath s reported .
U nd er 10 in 1,000.

Ratio o f Deaths from Diarrheal Diseases, to

Shreveport

10 an d u n d er 30 in 1,000.

A g gre ga te Deaths, by States, 1880.

R
ank State.
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Per
C
ent.

Wash.W.Va.
P a....
Mich..
Mass..
Tenn. Ala. ..
Wis...
S.C. ..
N.Y...
K y ..La. ...
Oreg..
Ohio..
Nebr..
N.J. ..
Ark...
G a....
Ind. .. 9.23
V a.... 9.24
Del. ..
Minn..
N.C...
Iow a.
111___
Aid....
Mo....
Kans..
D.C...
Tex... 13.75

'M\ 150 an d over,
\

IN D E X ,

N.C... 8
Ohio.-IT
Oreg. .18
Pa. — 28
K.I....32
S.C. ..22
Tenn..25
Tex... 1
Utah. . 42
Vt. ...40
Va_ 11
_
Wash. -30
W.Va.29
W is...23
Wyo. .46

Ratio, continued,

R
ank State.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

Per

Cent.

N.Mex 2.46
Wyo. .
Ida. ..
Me....
Cal. ..
Utah..
Ariz. .
Vt. ...
Dak...
N.H...
Mont. .
Colo..
Nev...
Conn.Miss. .
R.I—
Fla. ..

W U nsettled p a rts .

n V L O I R T - A - I j IT ^ S T

P l a t e 43
R A T IO OF D E A T H S F RO M

DIPHTHERIA,
TO AGGREGATE DEATH S.

Ratio of Deaths from Diphtheria,
to A ggre gate Deaths,
by States, 1880,

D.C...
Fla. ..
Tex...
Ariz. .
Ark. ..
La....
Ala. ..
Miss. .
Ky.—
V a....
Nev...
Conn..
Mo—
Ga---N .J...
Tenn..
Cal.. .
Ind. ..
S.C. ..
Md....
Del. ..
N.Y...
N.C...
Mass..
R.I—
Ohio..
Ill......
Vt. ...
N.H...
W. Va.
Kans..
M ont. .
Pa....
Me....

INDEX.

Oree.
Mich.
Iowa
Wis..
Wash.
Ida. .
Minn.
Nebr.
Dak..
Utah.

Ind" "29 n !j .'-.S2
Iow a. 8W.Mex47
Kans.-lGlN.Y—25

R A TIO OF D E A T H S FRO M

DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
(B ased on th e ^Returns of th e Tenth Census.)

mMMm.
Ratio o f Deaths from Diseases
o f the Digestive System, to
Aggre gate Deaths, by
States, 1880.
R an k

S ta te .

Per
C e n t.

47

v t ....

2 .8 0

46
45

44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
w

17

16
15

14
13
12
11
10

9
8

7
6

Utah.. 2.94
Wyo. . 3.17
R .I ....
3.35
Ind. ..
Me....
Colo..
Nev... 3.70
A la ... 3.70
Del. ..
Pa....
Mass..
Dak...
Oreg..
Conn.K y....
Nebr.. 4.04
Wash.- 4.10
Mich.. 4.19
Kans.. 4.24
W. Va. 4.31
N.H... 4.31
Md. .. 4.39
Iowa. 4.41
N .J... 4.44
Mont.. 4.46
Mo.... 4.46
N.Y...
Ohio.. 4.63
Ark... 4.64
m ............
4.66
Wis...
N.C...
Tenn.. 4.77
Cal. .. 4.91
Minn..
Miss. .
D.C...
Ida. .. 5.26
V a.... 5.26
Tex...
V . ilex
Ariz. . 5 . 4 9
Fla. .. 5 . 6 9
L a.... 5 . 9 7
G a.... 6 . 1 5
S.C. .. 6 . 2 7

2To d eath s rep o rted .
U nd er 10 in 1,000.
.10 an d u n d e r 30 in 1,000____

INDEX,

Ky....32 N.C. ..15
La. . .. 3 Ohio-19
M e....42 Oreg. .34
Md. ..25 Pa. ...37
Mass. .36 R.
Mich. .29 S. C. .. 1
Minn. .12 Tenn. .14
Miss. .11 Tex... 7
Mo..-.21 Utah. AS
Vt. ...47
V a .... 8
Wash.- 30
W.Va.27
Wis.-.16
Wyo. .45

H U nsettled p a rts.

I. -.4 4

CO PYRIG H T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SONS.

MOBTALI TT

P l a t e 44

R A T IO OF D E A T H S FRO M

ENTERIC (TYPHOID) FEVER

(B ased on th e R etu rn s of the Tenth Census.)

M B H i
SttS
ss

Ratio o f Deaths from Enteric
(Typhoid) Fever, to A g ­
gregate Deaths,
by States,

1880.
scale:

R
ank

S ta te .

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
2)1
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

N.Y...
N.J. ..
Wyo. .
R.I.—
Mass..
D.C...
Wash.Me....
N.Mex
La. ...
N.H...
Conn..
Miss. .
Utah..
Ney...
Vt. ...
Mont. .
W is...
Cal. ..
Pa. ...
Dak...
V a ....
Mich..
Md....
A rk...
Colo. .
W. Va.
Fla. ..
Ohio..
Del. ..

Per
C e n t.

WMzm

1.42
1.51
1.58
1.78
1.87
1.95
1.98
2.02
2.05
2.08
2.09
2.13
2.27
2.27
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.46
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.75
2.77
2.80
2.95
3.06
3.13
3.19

KEY
TTo d eaths re p o rte d ______
U nder 10 in 1,000_________ I j j i i
10 an d u n d er 30 in 1.000_____ ^
30

Ala. .. 7 Mo.... 8
Ariz. . 9 Mont..SI
Ark... 23 Nebr..l5
Cal. ..29 Nev...33
Colo. .22 N.H...37
Conn.-36 N .J...46
Dak... 27 N.Mex 39
Del. ..18 N.Y...47
D.C..A2 N.C... 4
Fla....20 Ohio.. 19
Ga___3 Oreg.. 1
Ida. ..12 Pa___28
111...... 14 R.
Ind. .. 2 S. C. ..11
Iowa .10 Tenn.,13
Kans.. 6 Tex... 5
Ky. . .17 Utah.. 34
La. ...38 Vt. ...32
Me__ 40 Va----26
Md.--.24 Wash.-41
Mass. .43 W.Va. 21
Mich. .25 Wis. ..30
Minn. .16 Wyo. .45
Miss. .35

f c

Nebr..
Ill___
Tenn..
Ida...
S.C. ..
Iow a.
Ariz. .
Mo.-..
Ala. ..
Kans..
Tex...
N.C...
Ga. ... 4.60
Ind. .. 4.67
Oreg..

..

„

00

------------ m

»

90

„ --------

fn

IN D E X .

60 »»
90

„

120

»

1

120
150

m

■
»».--------- j j j
„ ______B

150 a n d over,

» ____ H

U nsettled p a r t s ----------------'A ;

I.-.44

R A TIO OF D E A T H S FRO M

SCARLET FEVER,

(B ased on th e R etu rn s of the Tenth Census.)

Ratio o f Deaths from Scarlet
Fever to A ggre ga te
Deaths, by States,

1880.
—
R an k

S ta te .
ta te

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
88
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
i

Miss. .
S.C. ..
Ala. ..
Ga. ...
Fla. ..
L a ....
Tenn..
Tex...
N.C...
Cal. ..
Mo....
Id a . . .
D .C ...

Ariz. .
U tah..

V a ....

Dak .

..

Conn..
Vt. ...
Del. ..
K y ....

Colo. .

W ash.-

I SC ALE :

P er
„P e t
C e n t.

.04
.11
.13
.14
.15
.15
.30
.36
.52
.61
.80
.92
1.00
1.03
1.03
1.08
1.22
1.23
1.29
1.58
1.59
1.80
1.98
1.99
2.21
2.24
2.43
2.47
2.47
2.52
2.67
2.93
3.00
3.04
3.06
3.06
3.09
3.13
3.37

Ark...
Minn..
N.Y...
Mass..
N.H...
Nev...
Oreg..
Mich..
W is...
Me..,.
Ill___
W.Va.
N.J. ..
Iow a.
Ohio..
Kans..
Md....
Pa. ...
Ind. .. 4.22
N.Mex
Nebr..
Mont..
R.I—
Wyo. . 19.57

2%

KEY
3»o d eaths re p o rte d _
U nder 10 in 1,000____
10 a n d tin d er 30 in 1,000
30 »»

i,

60

60 »»

»

90

90 ir

> 120
H

120 ,*

»

»-

INDEX.

Ala. . .45 Mo....37
Ariz. .34 Mont.. 3
Ark.. .24 Nebr._ 4
Cal. .
Nev.. .19
Colo.
N.H.,.20
Conn
N.J. ..12
Dak..
N.Mex 5
Del. .
N.Y...22
D.C..
N.C. ..39
Fla. .
Ohio.. 10
Ga__
Oreg.. 18
Ida..
Pa---- 7
111.. .
R.
Ind. .
S. C. ..46
Iowa
Tenn.-41
Kans.
Tex... 40
Ky...
Utah.. 33
La...
Vt. ...29
Me...
Va_ 32
_
Md..
Wash.-25
Mass.
W.Va. 13
Mich.
Wis... 16
Minn.
Wyo. . 1
Miss.

k
A

mm

a nd over,

»-

150
*» _

U n settled p a r t s ______

I. - . 2

20%

CO PYRIGH T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

MO R T A L I T Y

P l a t e 45
R A TIO OF D E A T H S FROM

WHOOPING COUGH
TO AC G R E C AT E D EATH S.

iM S r
*
Ratio o f Deaths from W hoop­
in g Cough, to A g g r e ­
gate Deaths, by
States, 1880.
„

t

„

R an k

S ta te .

45
44
43
42

N.H...
N.J. ..

41

R . I ____

Dak . . .

M e....

40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
6
‘2
31
30
29
as
27
26
25
24
23
22
21

00

19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

9
8

7
6
5
4

3
2
1

Nebr..
U tah..

P a ....
Iowa .
Vt. ...
W is...
N.Y...
Mass..
Conn..
Minn..

W ash.-

Ill___
La. ...
Cal. ..
Ohio..
Ida. ..
Mo....
Colo. .
Kans..
Oreg..
Nev...
Del. ..
Fla. ..
W. Va.
V a....
Md. ..
Mich..
Ind. ..
Tenn..
D.C...
Miss. .
K y ....
Tex...
S.C. ..
A rk...
N.C...
Ga....
Ala. ..
Ariz. .
N.Mex

pe„r
P
C e n t.

SC ALE :

.26
.53
.53
.58
.59
.69 1
.70 1
.73 1
-74 I
.81
.83
.84
.87
.88
.92
1.05
1 .1 1
1 .1 2

1.17
1.17
1.23
1.32
1.33
1.46
1.50
1.51
1.53
1.58
1 .6 8

1.69
1.71
1.72
1.79
1.84
2.09
2.26
2.32
2.42
2.91
3.01
3.03
3.03
3.24
3.43

R A TIO OF D E A T H S FROM

MEASLES

Ratio o f Deaths from Measles,
to A g gre ga te Deaths,
by States, 1880.
.. S t a t e .
e*-..
R an k

45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

R.I--D.C...
Mass..

E

f

Del. ..
M d .:::

Conn..
Fla. ..
T fv rm .

W is...
Ohio
Ida. ..

P er
Per
C e n t.

.02
.14
.25
.28
.28
.29
.31
.37
.45
.50
.50

SC A LE :

j!! !i:i!i p IIP
iH ,!

.5 6

.56
.6 1

.61
.62
.6 6

Oreg..
La. ...
Iowa .

f c

Miss. .
Minn..
Wyo. .
Dak...
T e x ...

Ill......
Wash.W. Va.
Ind. ..
Ya. . .
A rk .

S.C.
N.C.
Mo....
Ala. ..
Nebr..
Colo. .
Kans..
N.Mex

.85
.88
91

.97
.99
1.00
1.02
1.05
1.07
1.15
1.29
1.31
1.42
1.45
1.50
1.67
1.70
1.87
1.92
1.97
2.10
2.24
2.44
2.56
2.74
3.43

CO PYRIGH T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

M O BTALITT

P l a t e 46

EXPECTATION OF LIFE-DEATH RATE.
Expectation o f Life A m o ng
Native White Males,

Age

B irth

l
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100

Expecta­
tion of
Life

E x p la n a to ry . —This exhibit is based
upon the results of investigations by Levi W.
Meech, Actuary, following the census of 1860.
They were first published in the Thirteenth
Massachusetts Life Insurance Report, and
have been carefully verified from the returns
of the Census of 1880.
Mr. Meech has kindly consented to their
use in this work.

Ac-e a t
Death

k H —
41,01
47.83
50.08
50.93
51.14 55.14
51.05 56.05
50.74
50.29
49.75
49.13
48.44 58.44
47.68
46.90
46.10
45.28
44.48
43.69
42.92
42.20
41.52
40.87
39.63
38.37
37.09
35.81
34.51
33.20
31.88
30.55
29.22
27.88
26.54
25.20
23.86
22.53
21.22
19.92
18.63
17.37
16.13
14.93
13.76
12.63
11.54
10.50
9.51
8.58
7.70
6.88
6.11
5.41
4.77
4.18
3.65
3.18
2.76
2.38
2.06
1.78
1.54
1.35

61.63
62.37
63.09
63.81
64.51
65.20
65.88
66.55
68.54
70.53
71.22
71.92
72.63
73.37
74.93
75.76
76.63
77.54
78.50
79.51
80.58
81.70
82.88
84.11
85.41
86.77
88.18
89.65
91.18
92.76
94.38
96.06
97.78
99.54
101.35

Death Rate A m o n g Native
White Males.

Age

Number
L iv in g

Deaths in Ratio of
Deaths.
E nsuing
Per Cent.
Y e ar

l
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100

100,000 16,195
83,805 5,374
78,431 2,812
75,619 1,779
73,840 1,308
72,532
980
71,552
773
70,779
648
70,131
536
435
69,595
352
69,160
314
68,808
68,494
291
282
68,203
67,921
290
67,631
321
67,310
365
428
66,945
66,517
507
574
66,010
599
65,436
64,228
63,017
61,813
60,614
59,417
58,218
67,014
55,800
54,571
53,321
52,044
50,732
49,375
47,966
46,492
44,943
43,305
41,566
39,711
37,727
35,603
33,329
30,901
28,319
25,593
22,747
19,815
16,850
13,920
11,107
8.500
6,188
4,242
2,706
1,582
834
388
155
52
14

15,000
b Death Rate.
%

■■■

W M tm
B irth

SCALE:

607
603
600
599
599
601
605
612
622
634
651
672
697
728
764
807
856
913
975
1,044
1,117
1,194
1,273
1,346
1,410
1 459
1,483
1,474
1,427
1,335
1,198
1,022
821
612
417
255
137
63
24
7

2 5 ,0 0 0

20,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

55,000

6j0,000

25£

/mmmm.•//m

WA.
W /M W /A w ///m m y/m m //////,

m m .

5( , 0 0 0
0

45,000

2M

i!o^

M

m ///,

z z z z 'z i

///////////////.
/////////////

65,000

w /w //.

fo.ooo

w a rn

—^

IZ 1

w /m w m .

y//////////m/.

' ~

—

-

/////////////////,

___

.......................

y///////A m ywy // // m// / M //—
//////// mm y , / / // m / // / // ,

i% W

8 i » j 3
i —

//////////////MW////////////. ////////////////A.m////////////////m m .
/
w m m W M /M /M . M W ////M W /M M /M W M W //M W /M W M v ////////////////m //////////////m m m A m m m m //,’ /////////////M m
w w w w /M /m //////////m
w /M /w m
wm m m .
mm,

— —

wmw/m/mMmm.wMmm,

zzz z zz zz z z zzzzz

ZL

............
//m y/m /M W A .
■//////////////////////////////////
•////////////////,w/yyyy/yyy////.’ m m m m .
m
w//////////////y///m m m , :.zzz
’ ///////////////. y ///////m m .w //////////////m m m m ,
/
z z z iz z : "~~zz
z z z z z z z w//////////////,m /////////////m m m !m .
23
W M ///M
jf
. . ~
a
■'//////////////A
y///////m m //////////////,m m m m .w m ,

w m y /m .
/m /M /M m

w
//////////M m m
m m .

■ m mw ,mm.
m/y

m
W ///AW M w///m//m, mmm.
y//M//mm.w//mm/y//m/////Mm,

y////////wm .
w /m m .

a

m m m m /m
y////////m ,

y/m /y/m . —
s
m /////M y//,

3

—
i—

y /m w zm .

» S i i

a

CO PYRIG H T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

80,000

85,000

90,000
4U

95,000

loo.ooo
dox

• mmm.M
m
—
■ ////////'y//// w yw/y// v / / M
///////, ////w M/ // /// mmM
.1
////////,m m m ,■
//////// m m m

wwm wm .
w /m m m //////////////////////'/y//m m y////y///m /m /y,’
m m

W W W // m m w m ?/ / w .
m W // m m y m /M m /m m
3.59
IZ Z Z j
~
• '■
~
y///m wmm mmm mym /// /M
///
mm
/y/ :y/ // M.
2.35
'm mm m,
///////////. y///////////y/. —
///////m m ,
1.77
1 1 »
'//////////////A W /AW/WM.///////////////, —
•m m m m .w m m m . y /m m m .
1.35
m /m m /m ■m m m m . 8
w///////////m /m m m .
v/y/y/y//////, ’ y //////////. m m m m m , —
m
1.08
//////m y /// ^ ///////m /m /y /m /M
m m m m .
//////m y //, W ////////M m M M % m /M M Z .
.92
w/mr
m/MW/MW ////////////////////////////M .
i ____ !
_
.76 K
////////////////,y///////y//m , w w /m m
w m w m .
.63 m p///////m v
................. ........... - I
/
m m m m . W W /W /////.' ////////////////. /////////////////, V////////////////, y///////////////Z . '/////////////A
w rn m m —
.51
/ / / / .» » —
'/MM///m.mmmm, ////////////////,/Mmmmmmmm
y/y/y/y/y/m ,
------ ---------.45 EZ
.
w/m mvyy////y/////mmmm m m m i'>
/m
—
i* iM
.42
mm w m/ ’///////m
/m /m m
//////////W A
//////////// w m m m , w/w/
~
~
...............
~ ~
.41
M /w .m
M m m w //////m m , W W /z mm
////////////////, ______
mm.
mm
------ ~~----- --- " ------.43
’//y /////y ///;’ ////m m y //m /w m /m m
/
m
W//MMMW/M/MM'/////////—
////////,
M /////.w M m m m m m
W////,
.47
m /m m /m ,m m m m .
~ ~ ~ ~ ___
............... w /////////m
.54 K
yyyy//y///y/y///M//////m m m m m m m y.y///////////m //m /yy/////m //m m /y////y////y//y/,
.64
zzzzzzzzzzzz
M
El
‘ ////m m m m m m m ................. —
/
.76
izzzi
'////////////////,
.87
z z z : VMMMMWVmm
/
m m m \ ’ //////////////,/,
—
w/mmy/Aw///mm.
‘ mmm,
m
v/////////, ______ ...........
.92
.95
.96
.97
.99
1.01
1.03
1.06
1.10
1.14
1.19
1.25
1.32
1.41
1.52
1.64
1.80
1.98
2.20
2.46
2.77
3.14
3.58
4.12
4.75
5.51
6.41
7.48
8.75
10.25
12.02
14.09
16.52
19.35
22.62
26.36
30.58
35.31
40.65
46.15
50.00

7 5 ,0 0 0

^5*

m

P l a t e 47

:m : O IR . T _A. X j I T

LIFE INSURANCE EXPERIENCE-M ALES.
A U T H O R IT Y .
T he exhibits in this and the two succeeding plates are based, by permission, upon the experience o f the

thirty American Companies named in the appended list, as given in the “ System and Tables of Life Insurance,”
* 1881, Levi W . Meech, Actuary in Charge.
The available data for all sparsely settled sections, and for the Southern States, is comparatively meagre,
because of the limited number of policies written therein. The more unsatisfactory ratios are so noted in the charts.
A star (*) is used in the tables of this plate to represent Montana, Nebraska, and Nevada, as their data
was grouped, giving them a common average.

kEY

L IS T O F T H IR T Y A M E R IC A N C O M P A N IE S.
Company.

Organ
ized.

Company.

Organ­
ized.

-33TNA LIFE, of Connecticut.................................
AMERICAN MUTUAL, of Connecticut_______
BROOKLYN, of New Y ork____ ______________
CHARTER OAK, of Connecticut____ ____ ___
CONNECTICUT GENERAL, of Connecticut. __
CONNECTICUT MUTUAL, of C onnecticut....
CONTINENTAL, of New Y ork _____ ____ _
COVENANT, of Missouri___________________
EQUITABLE, o f Iowa______________________
EQUITABLE, o f New Y ork_________________
GERMANIA, of New Y ork_____________ ____
GLOBE, of New Y o rk ._____________________
JOHN HANCOCK, of Massachusetts_________
LIFE ASSOCIATION, of Missouri.............. ........
MASSACHUSETTS HOSPITAL, of Massachusetts

1850
1848
1864
1850
1865
1846
1866
1853
1867
1859
1860
1864
1862
1868
1823

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL, of Massachusetts
METROPOLITAN, of New Y ork.......... .................
MUTUAL LIFE, of New Y ork..............................
MUTUAL BENEFIT, of New Jersey..................
NATIONAL OF UNITED STATES, of Illinois . .
NEW ENGLAND MUTUAL, of Massachusetts.
NORTHWESTERN, of Wisconsin........................
PENN MUTUAL, of P en n sylvan ia.._________
ST. LOUIS MUTUAL, of Missouri......... ...............
TRAVELERS, of Connecticut_________________
UNION CENTRAL, of O hio...................................
UNION MUTUAL, of M ain e.................................
UNITED STATES, of New Y o r k .........................
WASHINGTON, of New Y ork........ ............... .......
WESTERN, of New Y ork____ 1............................

1851
1867
1843
1845
1868
1844
1858
1847
1858
1866
1867
1849
1850
1860
1868

Ratio, by States,
Rank

Stata

PerCt.

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
6
4
3
2
1

O hio ..
I ll.........
D e l....
P a -----M ass. .
M ich . .
V a.
K a n s ..

6.4

W is. ..

V t-------

M e. . . .
N .H . ..
M in n ..

I d a ,...

5% ,

6.5

°X j
Rank

State

PerCt.

26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16

6.7
6.8
7.2
7.3
7.3
7.8
8.3
8.9
8.9
9.1
9.7
12.1
16.7

Ga........
C o lo ...
C al. . . .
N .J ---M d .. . .
O reg. .
Io w a ..
Mo___
W .V a.
N .Y. . .
I n d ....

4.1
4.2
4.7

Rank

5.2
5.5
5.6

| tiifactory)

so x

5.7

58

6.0
6.0
6.3

8tate

PerCt.

35
34
33
3*2
31
30
29
28
27

L a ____
S . C .. .
T ex . . .
M iss ...
K y. . . .
d . c. A la .. . .
N .C. . .
R .I . . .

2.3
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.8
3.9
4.0

Rankj

Stata

6
%

PerCt.

38 jConn. . 1.1
37 ]T e n n .. 1.8
36 ;F la ... . 2.1

Ratio o f Deaths from D IS E A S E S OF T H E H E A R T ,

j^ V u n d e r IX ..

Ratio, by States,

Ratio, by States.
Rank

State

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Rank

I n d ....
N .H ...

PerCt.

State

15 M i c h . .
14 M i n n . .
13 M ass. .

Ohio . .
Conn. _

12
11

N .Y ...

V t ------Io w a . .

10 N .Y ...

M e. . . .
P a ........
M inn. .

8

M d ____

7 N . J ------

V t____

F la .. . .
M ass. .

Rank

R .I .- --

39
38
37
36

O re g ...
N. J ----D. C. . .

State

6
5
4
3
2

Per Ct.

| r k .__ 7.3
A
iT e x .. . 8.9
A l a . . . . 10.0
iG a___ 10.2

1

R .I .- ..
C onn. _
V a ------C a l.. . .
F la .. ..

N .M ex

Per Ct.

5.4
5.6
5.9
6.0
6.2
6.4

Rank

6.7
7.2
7.7
7.9
8.3
8.3
12.5

8tate

26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16

S .C . . .
M iss.. .
Ohio . .
M e___

PerCt.

5

4.0
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.2
N.C. . . 4.4
D .C . . . 4.4
Ill......... 4.5
A l a ... . 4.6
K y .. . . 4.7
A rk ---- 4.9

Rank

:
tiafac

2QX

35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27

State

Ter Ct.

O r e g ... 2.8
L a ____ 3.3
D e l . . . . 3.3
Ga. . . . 3.6
T e n n .. 3.6
W is. . . 3.7
M o----- 3.8
In d----- 3.8
N .H ... 3.8

Rank

Stata

39 *
38 K ans. .
37 W .V a .
36 T e x .. .

PerCt.

ax

1.9
2.1

lox

2.4
2.7

Ratio o f Deaths from D IS E A S E S OF THE' D IG E S T IV E SY S T E M

KEY
I No re p o r t...

VlJndor i x - 1

v Under \ %

IX

to

..

3X.

1
1^
3

Ratio, by States,

Ratio, by States.
Rank

State

PerCt.

Rank

ax io x

15 Iowa .. 10.7
14 M iss. .. 10.9
P a . . .. 11.1
12 I ll......... 11.1
11 A rk. .. 12.2
10 L a. . - 12.6
9 G a-----8 *
7 T e x .. .
6 A la. . .
5 N .C ----4 S .C .—
3 W .V a.
2 D e l....
1 U ta h ..

20% & over I

Rank

State

| Ct!
Par

39 F la ___ 4.2
38 M ass. .1 6.7

37 Conn. . 7.4
36 M e___ 7.8

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

State

Per Ct.

C a l.. .. 5 .8'
M inn. . 5.9
M iss. .. 5.9
K y. . .. 5.9
Md. . . . 6.0
Ga------ 6.1
V a........ 6.3
R .I .. .. 6.9
O reg. . 8.3
C o lo ... 8.3
S .C ..._ 9.9
U ta h . . 11.1
W .V a. 11.9
W a sh . .
N .M ex

Rank

State

PerCt.

5,

D .C . .. 4.4
L a. . .. 4.5
P a ........ 4.6

26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16

Rank

V t .........

4.6
4.8
D e l . . . . 6.0
Mo. . . . 5.1
O hio .. 5.1
T enn. . 5.4
N .H .. . 5.5
N .Y . . 5.7

N .J ----

2%
d

35
34
33
32
.31
30
1 29
28
27

State

Ter Ct.

Iow a . .
N.C. . .
W is —
A la. . .

3.3
3.3
3.4
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.4

111..........

T e x ..
Conn.
M ich .
M ass.

.
.
.
.

ax io x
37 In d — 2.4
36 IA rk . .. ,2 .4

Ratio o f Deaths from D IS E A S E S OF T H E K ID N E Y S ^

Ratio o f Deaths from P N E U M O N IA

j

to Total Deaths,

to Total Deaths,

DAK.

w yo.

KEY

KEY

I

No re p o rt—

U ,
tah

j

COLO.

U nd er I X - U

I
A R tf.

I
j

AR!Z.

N.M£x .

State

Per Ct.

T e x .. .
S .C ....

8.9
8.9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.4
9.5
9.6
10.1
11.1
11.7

M is s .. .
K a n s ..
»

D .C . . .
N.C. . .
K y. . . .

M ic h . .

I ll.........

U ta h ..

D e l....
I n d ....

A rk . ..

W ash..

/
—- i —

Ratio, by States,

Ratio, by States.

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

a x iox

Rank

iax

sav
C a l.. . .

R .I .- .

Iowa ..
Ga-----V t ___
W .V a .
O reg. .
C o lo ...
W is_
_
Md. . . .
M in n ..

N.UtX.

i

i

Rank

i
j

factory)

HV
V
20%

Rank
40
39
38
37
36

8tate

L a .........
M e. . . .
P a........
M ass. .
T e n n ..

PerCt.

3.8
5.9
5.9
6.0
6.1

ax

State

PerCt.

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

111..........

2.0
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.3
3.9

D .C . ..
N.H. ..
M d----C al. . . .
L a.........
M in n ..
Conn. .
R .L .. .
K ans. .
P a ........
S .C .,- .

N .J ... .
M ass. .
N .Y— .

COPYRIGHT., 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS,

MX
lax

Rank

SOX

State

Per Ct.

26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16

I n d ....
Mo___
W is—
M ich. .
K y. .. .
V a. .. .
M e. . . .
N .C ..
Ohio ..
Iow a ..
A l a . . ..

1.1
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.9

i 6
1
1
1
1
■
1
1
■
■

Rank

SO
X

State

32
31
30
29
28
27

V t ____

Per Ct.

.4
.4
.9
.9
*
.9
G a------ 1.0

T e x .. .
T e n n ..
M iss ...

io x

ia x .

M O BTALITT

P l a t e 48

LIFE INSURANCE EXPERIENCE. —Continued.

Average Number o f Deaths, per Year, A m o n g
1,000 Insured Persons, from
all Causes.
N o . o f D e ath s
Y e a rs o f In s u ra n c e

F e m a le

M a le

-- --- - mmm
8.59
10.39
11.41
10.92
12.38
14.83
17.58
11.49 10.20

During the 1st year (average of 6 months)
During the 2d year....................................
Average of the 4th and 5th years.............
Average during the 5th to the 10th years.
Average during the 10th to the 20th years
Average during the 20th to the 30th years
Average during the whole experience__

Average Deaths, per Year, A m o ng 1,000

Average Deaths, per Year, A m o n g 1,000
Insured Persons, from Constitutional

Insured Persons, from Diseases o f the

Diseases.

Nervous System.

| N o . cf D e a th s |

N o . o f D e ath s
Y e a rs o f I n s u r­
a n ce

Y e a r s o f I n s u r­
a n ce

4 and 5 (av.)
5 to 10 "
10 to 20 1
20 to 30 '
Ay. for all..

1 (av. 6 mo.)

2
8.........

.33
.28!
1 (av. 6 mo.)
.34
..............39!
.51
3
...................471
Paralysis and Soft- 4 and 5 (av.)
.45
.59 1
n in g o f th e 5 to 10 “
.82 1
.34
Brain .
10 to 20 “
.87 1.22 l
20 to 30 “
2.30 1.99
Av. for all
.45 .64

.............

2

4 and 5 (av.)
5 to 10
10 to 20 '
20 to 30 '
Av. for all—

Consumption.

1 (av. 6 mo.)

1 (av. 6 mo.)

Apoplexy.

1 (av. 6 mo.)

.32

4 and 5 (av.)
5 to 10 “
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for all—

.27,
.28
.31
.40
.58
.33

.41 j
.471
.53 1
.86 l
1.70 i
.49

1 (av. 6 mo.)
.09
.18]
.05
2
..............16
.13
3
...................17 !
Congestion of the 4 and 5 (av.)
.19
.05
Brain-----.20 i
5 to 10 “
.07
.22
10 to 20 “
.16
.27
20 to 30 *“
.19
Av. for all— .09

3
...........
4 and 5 (av.)

Cancer.

.31

.26
......... .33|

2

3 .. . . .......
4 and 5 (av.)
5 to 10 “
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for all.

Dropsy.

M a le

HHBl
1 ( av. 6 mo.)
.73 .831
2
..............96
.75
3
..................
1.05 1.18
4 and 5 (av.) 1.01 1.41
5 to 10 “
.84 1.72
10 to 20 “
1.83 2.56
20 to 30 “
2.88 4.38
Av. for all
1.02 1.47

1
2(ay. 6 mo.)
...........
3
..................

Total.,

F e m a le

5 to 10 “
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for all—
1 (av. 6 mo.)

.01 I
1 (av. 6 mo.)
.02 l
3
...................04 1
Epilepsy and Con­ 4 and 5 (av.)
.09 .05
vulsions............. 5 to 10 “
.04
.07
.06
.16
10 to 20 “
__ .05
20 to 30 “
.04
.04
Av. for all

Other C o n s t it u ­
4 and 5 (av.)
tional............
5 to 10 “
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for all..

.04

1 (av. 6 mo.)

.io
..............06

2

.14
.14
.05
.24

Other Nervous---- 4 and 5 (av.)
5 to 10 “
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for all “ ” .ii

Average Deaths, per Year, A m o n g 1,000

.09
.11 1
.13
.20
.37
.11

Insured Persons, from Zym otic
Diseases.

Y e a r s o f I n s u r­
a n ce

F e m a le

M a le

Average Deaths, per Year, A m o n g 1,000

1 (av.6 mo.)

2

.

2.12

1.56
1.53
1.43
1.38

Total.....................4 and 5 (av.)
(“Zymotic diseases
u
are those produced m to xw
bv a morbid animal 20 to 30
poison.”)
Av. for all—

.57
1.61

1 (av. 6 mo.)
2.
3
.
Typhoid and T y ­
phus Fevers... 4 and 5 ( av.)
5 to 10 “
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for all—

.70
.63
.70
.62
.53
.56
.57
.63

1 (av. 6 mo.)
2.
Malarial Fever—

3and 5 (av.)
4

5 to 10 “
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for all—
1 (av. 6 mo.)

2

Dysentery..

.

.35
.31
.37
.16
.15
.40
.26
.31

3
.
4 and 5 (av.)
5 to 10 “
10 to 10 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for all—
1 (av. 6 mo.)

2

Cholera .

1.68

.

3
.
4 and 5 (av.)
5 to 10 “
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for all—

.05
.10
.09
.05
.08

1 ( av. 6 mo.)

2

Erysipelas.

.

3
.
4 and 5 ( av.)
5 to 10 “
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for a ll—
1 (av. 6 mo.)

2

Diarrhoea..

.

3 ................
4 and 5 (av.)
5 to 10 “
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for all—

.07
.10
.05
.18
.18
.10
.09
.07
.12

2.37
1.90
1.88
1.71
1.63
1.75

Insured Persons, from Diseases o f the
Respiratory Organs.

Y ears o f In su r­
an ce

2.11

1.83
.74
.72
.62
.57
.56
.72

M a le

1 (av. 6 mo.)
..........................
1.62
3
..................
1.52
4 and 5 (av.) 1.54
5 to 10
1.60
10 to 20
1.51
20 to 30
3.18
Av. for all.. 1.53
2

Total..

.66

.30
.25
.24
.23

1 (av. 6 mo.)

.84

4 and 5 (av.)
5 to 10 “
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for all.

1.02

.............
.97

2

21

Pneumonia.

.21

.23
.24

F e m a le

3

.81

.90
.95
1.44

.26
.16'
.151
.16
.14
.18
.27
.17

Abscess and Hem­ 4 and 5 (av.)
orrhage of th e 5 to 10
Lungs............
10 to 20
20 to 30
Av. for all—

.22

.15 ■■
.13
.10
.08
.07
.04
.12 253

1 (av. 6 mo.)
2.
3..
B ro n c h itis and 4 and 5 (av.)
Pleurisy.........
5 to 10 “
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for all—

.13
.17
.24
.07
.16
.58
.16

.06'
.061
.11
.10
.13
.18
.21
tillfl
.it g

1 (av. 6 mo.)
2.
3.
Congestion of the 4 and 5 (av.)
Lungs............. 5 to 10 “
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for all —

.08
.08
.10
.09
.08
.16
.21
.10 ad*

1
2(av. 6 mo.)
3.

.27
.14
.31

.13
.17
.09
.22

.24
.58
.15

1 (av. 6 mo.)

.............

2

Other Respiratory - 4 and 5 ( av.)
5 to 10 ‘‘
10 to 20 *
20 to 30 *
Av. for all—

.10

.05
.10

.16
.58
.07

1 ( av. 6 mo.)

.................04
3
...................03
.04
4 and 5 (av.)
.03
.06
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
.01
Ay. for all..
2

Alcoholism.

1 (av. 6 mo.)
2
.
3.................
Other Zymotic— 4 and 5 (av.)
5 to 10 “
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for all—

.40
.39
.10
.26
.79
.48
.27

.48
.42
.40
.37
.43
.40

N O T E

.

Thirty-five years was the average age, at
the date of insurance, of the 1,027,529 per­
sons insured by the thirty American comwhose experience is here given;
Eanies the mortality recorded opposite “ 1 ”
ence,
in the column headed “ Years of Insur­
ance,” may be taken to represent the mor­
tality at thirty-five years of age. To find
the age represented by any one of the en­
tries in this column, add 35, e. g., “ 5 to 10 ”
represents 40 to 45 inclusive.
CO PYRIGH T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SONS.

nyCO^T-A-XiIT"^

P l a t e 49

LIFE INSURANCE EXPERIENCE. —Continued.

Average Deaths, per Year, A m o ng 1,000

Average Deaths, per Year, A m o ng 1,000

Insured Persons, from Diseases o f the

Insured Persons, from Miscellaneous

Digestive Organs.

Causes.
N o . o f D e a th s

Years o f Insur­
ance

F e m a le

(av. 6 mo.)

M a le

1 23
1 .3 8
1 .2 4
1 .3 3
1 .6 2
1 .5 2
2 .6 0
1 .4 3

SCALE:

Vi

%

a
/s

%

I Death.

3and 5 (av.)...........
4
5 to 10 “
10 to 20 “
SOto 30 “
Av. for all

5.9 6

1
2(av. Cmo.)...........
3
..................
.0 9
.2 1
.2 0
.3 1
.3 6
.3 2

.2 8
.3 1
.5 0
.3 4
.2 1
.4 1
.4 8
.5 8
.3 6

Diseases o f
Bowels.......

Diseases o f th e
Stomach........
5 to 10
10 to 20
20 to 30
Av. for all..

4 and 5 (av.)
5 to 10
“
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for all

Peritonitis..

.1 0
.1 3
.1 8
.1 8
.1 8
.3 3
.4 1
.1 8

.2 2
.1 8
.3 0
.3 1
.1 0

5 to 10 “
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for all.

.1 7
.1 8
.2 0
.2 1
.2 2
.2 9
.3 2
.2 1

.2 6
.3 1
.2C
.2 6
.3 4
.2 4
.5 8
.2 7

Diseases of th e 4 and 5 (av.)
Liver_____
5 to 10 “
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for all

.1 2
.2 1
.3 0
.3 0
.3 7
.4 2
.5 2
.3 0

.0 5
.0 8
.0 7
.0 6
.0 7
.0 6
.1 4
.0 7

.8 6
.2 1

i£K- •

1 (av. 6 mo.)

.3 5
.1 6
.1 8
.1 6
...................................... 1 7
.2 0
.2 4
.1 8
.4 1
.2 3
.4 8
.9 8
.5 8
.4 8
.3 1
.2 0

.............

2
3

Other Digestive... 4 and 5 (av.)
5 to 10
“
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for all

Average Deaths, per Year, A m o ng 1,000
Insured Persons, from Diseases o f the
Circulatory System .
N o . o f D e ath s
Y ears o f Insur­
ance

Fem ale

M ale
■

1 (av. 6 mo.)

D

4 and 5 (av.)
5 to 10 “
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for all

.4 0
.2 9
.4 1
.5 4
.7 7
.7 2
2 .5 9
.5 5

.4 0
.5 4
.7 3
1 .1 3
2 .5 0
.5 7

1 (av. 6 mo.)

Total.

.3 1

.1 8

.2 1

.............. 3 0

2

ii 'i l(.,| i:i Lii;1 i
l,| J m

.............. 2 7
.2 9

2

D is e a se s of the 4 and 5 ( av.)
Heart.............
5 to 10 “
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for all..

•3 4 ,
.5 4
.7 7
.7 2
2 .5 9
.5 2

.3 8
.5 1
.6 8
1 .0 7
2 .3 4
.5 3

1 (av. 6 mo.)

.0 9

.0 3

3 . ..............

.0 7

.0 2
.0 3
.0 5
.0 6
.1 6
.0 4

......... . 0 3

2

Other Circulatory. 4 and 5 (av.)
5 to 10 “
10 to 20 “
20 to 30 “
Av. for all

.0 3

SUMMARY.

Average Number o f Deaths, per Year,
Average Deaths, by the American and

A m ong 1,000 Insured Persons,
by Ages.
A ge

E xp erie n c e

15 to 20.. American..
British......
20 to 25.. American..
British.......
25 to 30.. American..
British......
30 to 35.. American..
British......
85 to 40.. American..
British......
40 to 45.. American..
British......
45 t o 50.. American..
British.......
50 to 65.. American..
British---55 to 60.. American..
British......
60 to 65.. American..
British......
65 to 70.. American..
British.......
70 to 75.. American..
British......
75 to 80.. American..
British......
80 to 85.. American..
British.......
85 to 90.. American..
90 to 95..

Carlisle Tables.

F e m a le

A ge

15 to 20..
20 to 25..
25 to 30..
30 to 35..
Soto 40..
40 to 45..
45 to 50..
50 to 55..
55 to 60..
60 to 65..
65 to 70..
70 to 75..
75 to 80..
80 to 85 . .
85 to 90..
90 to 95..

B y A m e r ic a n
L ife T a b le , 1858

B y C a r lis le
T a b le

M a le a n d
F e m a le

M a le

■ ■
6.8 7.1
7.6 4.7
11.0
6.9
8.5
6.9
10.0 6.7
11.8
6.9
10.5 7.1
11.3
8.2
10.0
8.0
12.1
9.5
10.5
9.4
12.8 10.7
10.6 11.0
13.9 13.6
13.4 14.3
15.7 17.4
18.3 19.4
20.2 24.0
23.9 27.6
28.6 34.8
40.4 39.3
43.7 50.2
47.8 56.3
68.4 73.3
145.9 84.8
106.6 110.0
201.3 113.3
125.1 165.2
162.8 166.7
228.2 223 5

M a le a n d
F e m a le

13.1
10.7
7.8
10.4
9.8
8.3
11.3
15.5
18.7
43.4
41.5
61.9
84.8

6.8
7.0
8.2
10.1
10.9
14.1
14.4
15.2
22.0
36.8
44.5
69.7
105.4
138.6
199.2
286.1

190
200

210
220

230
240
250

200

270
280
300

310

— ---------

British....... 226.8 327.3

320
;

C O PYR IG H T , 18834 B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SONS.

~

tzzzzx • m mvmm, 'm
■a,
mmmmmmw mzmi mm

V I —E d u c a t i o n .
IN D E X TO P L A T E S .

ILLITERACY OF PERSONS O FT E N YEARS
AND O VER ....................................................Plate 50

UNIVERSITIES AND C O LLE G E S ............... . Plate 54

T o ta l U n a b le to R e a d .
T o ta l U n a b le to W r i t e : W h i t e ; C o lo red .

SCHOOLS FOR THE INSTRUCTION OF
W OM EN................................................ . ..Plate 54

R a t io o f S tu d e n ts to P o p u la tio n .

R a t io o f S tu d e n ts to P o p u la tio n .

ILLITERACY OF PERSONS OF TWENTYONE YEARS AND OVER........................... Plate 51

NORMAL AND INTERMEDIATE SCHOOLS. Plate 55
R a t io o f S tu d e n ts to P o p u la tio n .

U n a b le to W r i t e : W h i t e ; C o lo red .

SCHOOLS FOR SPECIAL INSTRUC­
T IO N ....................................................... Plates 56-57

PUBLIC S C H O O LS .................................... Plates 52-53
S c h o o l P o p u la t io n ; E n r o llm e n t ; A tte n d a n c e .
School D a ys; T each ers’ W a g e s ; School A ge.
E x p e n d it u r e , b y S t a t e s ; b y C ities.

cent., as unable to read, and 6,239,958, or 17

rest, may well encourage the friends of the

per cent., as unable to write.

colored

In 1870 the

corresponding ratios were 16 and 20 per cent,
respectively.

A direct comparison

may be

race.

The

reduction

of

under

illiteracy

among the foreign-born element to the extent
of nearly one-fourth, is a particularly pleasing

made by increasing the number of illiterates

feature, as it indicates that a better class of

in 1870 in the proportion by which the popula­

immigration, at least as respects education, has

tion increased during the ensuing decade. The

latterly been brought to our shores.

comparison will then stand as follows: Those

The following table shows by states and

unable to read in 1880 were to the same class in

territories the percentage which the number

1870 as 853 is to 1,000, and those unable to

unable to write, in each class, forms of the

write were as 826 is to 1,000.

total number in each class above ten years

The decided

lessening of illiteracy during the decade is more

of age:

marked in the case of writing than of reading.
P ercentage U nable

W rite .

Colored.

a g e ; of the foreign-born whites the proportion

F oreign.

number of native whites above ten years of

to

1880.

T otal.

S T A T E S A N D T E R R IT O R IE S .

T otal .

write in 1880, formed 8.7 per cent, of the whole

1870.

N ative
W hite.

The number of native whites unable to

N o r th A t la n t ic G roup.

was much greater, namely, 12 per cent., while
of colored persons above ten years of age no
less than 70 per cent, were returned as unable
to write.

In all three classes, however, there

appeared a very decided improvement over

M a i n e ........................................................

3 -8
3-8

4 -3

1 .9

23-7

2 4 .8

H a m p s h ir e ................................

5 -o

I. I

2 6 .9

1 5 .8

V e r m o n t ..................................................

6 .8

6 .0

2 .4

2 6 .6

19-3

M a s s a c h u s e t t s ................ ....................

8 .4

0 .7

1 9 .6

R h o d e I s l a n d .......................................

1 2 .6

6-5
I I .2

2 .9

27-3

N ew

C o n n e c t i c u t ...........................................

7 .0

5-7

1 .0

1 8 .3

1 7 .4

N e w Y o r k ...............................................

7 .0

5-5

2 .2

1 2 .5

2 1 .2

N ew

their

condition

ten

years

before.

After

increasing the number in each class in 1870,
proportionally to the increase of population
between 1870 and 1880, the result is as follows:
O f native whites,

each 1,000 in

1870 was

reduced to 830 in 1880; of the foreign-born,

in

the

colored

8 .0

6 .2

3-2

II. I

3 °-5

8 .6

7- i

4 .8

i 5-i

2 7 .1

T h e G r o u p ..................

7-5

6 .2

2 .8

D e l a w a r e ...............................................

2 4 .9

i 7-5

M a r y l a n d ...............................................

2 3 .6

D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b ia .......................

2 8 .7

i 5 -4

2 3 .2

8 .i

18 .5

19-3

7 .8

10 .2

57-5
5 9 -6

18 .8

2 .6

12 . I

4 8 .4

5-5
7-5

4-3

6.4

5-3
2-3

N o rth e rn C e n tr a l G roup .

Ohio....................................... 8.9
Indiana................................... 10.6
Illinois...................................
7-4
Michigan................................ 6.1
Wisconsin...............................
7-4
Minnesota...............................
8.0
Iowa....................................... 5-4
Missouri................................. 18.4
Kansas...................................
9-5
Nebraska................................ 5-5
Dakota................................... 14.7
The Group............
9-3

5-2
5-8
6.2

3-9
i 3-4
5 -6
3-6
4.8
6.7

6.8

2.0
1.9
2.6
I I .I

3-1
2-3
1.8

5 -o

8.4 27-3
8.9 35 -6

7-7

37-2

IO.7
10.8
IO.9
8.1
7.0
6.7

28.5
31.0

37-2
30.0

53-9

46.8
6.4 3 ° -7
6.8 44.2
8.9 41.2

S o u th e rn C e n t r a l G roup .

Alabama.................................
Mississippi ............................
Louisiana................................
Texas.....................................
Arkansas.................................
Tennessee................................
Kentucky................................
The Group............
W e s t e r n G roup .

Montana.................................
Wyoming................................
Colorado.......................................................................
New Mexico............................
Arizona...................................
Utah.......................................
Nevada .......................................................................
Idaho .....................................
Washington............................
Oregon...................................
California ..............................
The Group............

54-2
53-9
52-5

5°-9
49-5

25.0
16.6
19.8

49.1
29.7 * 3 * 9
38.0 25-5
39 -°
40.9
27.8
29.9 22.8
35-7
44-5 39-5 22.0
38.8

5 -o
7-4

5-3
3-4

5-6
7-5
9-7

75 -°

16.0

76.0

1 .4

3-8

35-8

I ,7
7 -i

4.1
4.0

14.7
20.5
92.2

22.8
6.6
79.0 65.0 64.2
8.1
33-6 17.7
13.0
9.1
5-9
2.4
I. I
8.0

25-7
7.6
6.8

7-4
15.0

7 -1
7.0

7-7 80.6
6.0 75-2
10.9 79. r
24.7 75-4

43-3
26.8
8.4

71.7

7 ° '4

23-7
5 2-3
26.7
28.2

3 -o
2.4

5-3
4-5

5-7

3-5

7.8

2.0
8.4

4.4
8.6

38.1
27.8
29.8

9-3

33-3

i r .7

S o u th A t la n t ic G rou p .

The first two columns show, primarily, that
the illiteracy of the country is mainly in the

V i r g i n i a ..................................................

5 0 .1

4 0 .6

1 8 .5

5 -4

73-7

South.

W e s t V i r g i n i a .......................................

2 6 .4

1 9 .9

1 8 .6

*3 -5

N o rth

5 1 .6

4 8 .3

3 -3

55-°
7 7 -4

Central sections as a whole, not more than

C a r o l i n a ..................................

In the South Atlantic and Southern

element,

it

57-6

55-4

3 1-7
2 2 .4

G e o r g i a .....................................................

Although the least proportional improve­
appears

J e r s e y ..........................................

P e n n s y l v a n i a .......................................

STATES AND TERRITORIES.

1880.

S o u t h C a r o lin a .....................................

to 759; and of the colored, to 888.
ment

2 3 .6

1870.

Colored.

which the freed slaves and their children still

great disadvantages

entage Unable to Write.

M
M
00

census of 1880 reports 4,923,451, or 13.4 per

the

erc

Native
White.

considering

P

Total.

persons of ten years of age and over, the

Foreign.

approaches closely that of the whites, and,

c*»
00

of a total of 36,761,607

T otal.

Illite ra c y . — Out

P r e p a r a t o r y ; C o m m e r c ia l a n d B u s in e s s .
M e d ic a l; R e f o r m ; S c ie n t ific ; K in d e r g a r te n .
L a w ; T h e o lo g ic a l; D e a f a n d D u m b ; B lin d .

5 6 .0

4 9 .9

2 3 .2

S-6

7 8 .5
8 1 .6

60 out of every 100 inhabitants over ten years

F l o r i d a .....................................................

54-8

IO.O

7 0 .7

of age can write.

4 6 .2

43-4
40-3

2 0 .7

T h e G r o u p ..................

20 .0

10 .2

75 - i

fact that, as a rule, illiteracy is greatest in

4 .9

The table develops the

SCR IB N E R S STA TISTICA L ATLAS.

Iv iii

The

following

table,

extracted from the

those parts of the South where the colored

and Texas, which have received a considerable

element is relatively the most numerous.

amount of foreign immigration, the percentage

Report of the Public Lands Commission, shows

is correspondingly greater.

the amount of land granted to each state for

regard to the

colored

element, the

In

North

possesses a double advantage over the South,

In all the states and territories, with but

in that while it has a very small percentage of

five exceptions, illiteracy decreased during the

colored persons, those who have found their

decade, and in many cases very decidedly.

way North are, as a class, mentally superior to

This decrease has been effected by two causes,

educational purposes:

those who have remained in the South, and,

which in some states have acted in the same,

moreover, find at the North much greater

in other cases in contrary directions.

incentives and facilities for obtaining education.

are, first, an extension of educational privileges,

The result is seen in the column showing the

and, second, changes in population, produced

percentage of colored illiterates, which, in the

by immigration or emigration.

These

In the Northern

North Atlantic group, presents an average of

states these two causes have acted in opposite

23.2 and in the Northern Central 41.2 per cent.,

directions, and

as contrasted with 75.1 in the South Atlantic

the result is the difference

between their effects.

In Maine, New Hamp­

shire, Montana, California and Nevada the net

and 76.0 in the Southern Central groups.
W hile the presence in the South of so large

result is an increase of illiteracy, the effects of

a proportion of the colored element explains a

immigration having been greater than those

large part of the illiteracy of that section, it by

of education.

no means accounts for all of it, as is shown in

has been favorable.

the column relating to native whites.

The
No

stronger argument in favor of the admirable

O h io

In the South illiteracy has

U

A cres.
70 4 ,4 4 8

a

a

u

il

M is s o u r i

a

it

a

A la b a m a

u

a

it

a

u

u

it

a

L o u is ia n a

a

it

it

<t

M ic h ig a n

a

a

it

u

A rk a n sa s

a

a

a

a

F lo r id a

it

a

a

a

u

it

a

a

it

a

a

6 5 0 ,3 1 7
9 8 5 ,0 6 6

a

a

a

I lli n o i s

M is s is s ip p i

Io w a
W is c o n s in

1 ,1 9 9 ,1 3 9
9 0 2 ,7 7 4
8 3 7 ,5 8 4
78 6 ,0 4 4
1,0 6 7 ,3 9 7
88 6,460
9 ° 8,5 ° 3

■

a

N evada

it

it

it

it

it

a

K an sas

it

a

a

O reg o n

u

a

M in n e s o t a

9 0 5 ,1 4 4
9 5 8 ,6 4 9

C a l i f o r n i a ( S e c t io n s 16 a n d 36 in e a c h T o w n s h ip )

a

a

a

it

6 ,7 1 9 ,3 2 4
2 ,9 69,990
3 ,3 2 9 ,70 6
2 ,8 0 1,3 0 6
3 ,9 3 5 ,4 2 8

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

<6

a

a

a

ti

a

a

a

a

3,068,23X

a

a

a

3 ,4 8 0 ,2 8 1

a

W y o m in g

2 ,7 0 2 ,0 4 4
3 ,7 1 5 ,5 5 5
2,4 8 8 ,6 75
4,3 0 9 ,3 6 8
3 ,0 0 3 ,6 13
5 ,3 6 6 ,4 5 1
5 , “ 2 ,0 3 5

u

Id a h o

in respect to elementary education has been

a

a

D a k o ta

a

«

N e w M e x ic o

a

a

a

W a s h in g t o n

a

a

a

C o lo r a d o

a

a

N eb ra sk a

A r iz o n a

On the whole, the progress of the decade

T erritories .

u

il

M o n ta n a

diminished in every state.

and

( S e c t io n 16 in e a c h T o w n s h i p ) .............

I n d ia n a

U ta h

average of native white illiterates in the North
is very much less than in the South.

In the other states the balance

S tates

4 , 0 5 0 ,3 4 7

Total...........................................

67,893,919

very decided, and augurs well for the future.
In addition to this, upon the admission of

public school system of Massachusetts can be
adduced than the fact that, of the native white

E d u c a tio n a l L a n d G rants.—The

the several “ public land ” states, grants of two

population of that state, only 7 in 1,000 are

benefits to be derived from a general dissemi­

townships, and in the cases of Florida, W is­

unable to write, while those who cannot read

nation of education were recognized by the

consin and

form a still smaller proportion.

colonies of the North at a very early stage of

were made to each state for the purpose of

The highest percentage of illiteracy in the

their existence, and by several of them efficient

creating a university.

North Atlantic group was in Rhode Island,

means were taken for the establishment and

where it was unquestionably due to the pres­

support of public schools.

These were at first

either in the form of land within the state, in

ence of a large foreign element, chiefly factory

supported partly by general tax and partly by

case there still remained such public lands

operatives.

rate-bills assessed upon attendance. The latter

unsold, otherwise an

feature has long since disappeared.

In 1795

scrip, for the purpose of establishing in each

proportion of illiterates, attributable to the

Connecticut took measures for creating a per­

state a school of agriculture and the mechanic

ignorance prevailing in its southeastern section.

manent school fund by reserving a portion of

arts.

The percentage of illiterates in the Northern

her western territory from her cession to the

senator and representative in Congress under

states, including the two above mentioned, is

General Government, and devoting the pro­

the apportionment of i860.

very small, 94 out of every 100 being able

ceeds of its sale to the common school fund.

land was selected in eleven states, amounting

to write.

This, which was

to 1,770,000 acres, while scrip was issued to

Missouri

In the Northern Central group
contained

an

exceptionally

large

A s in many other respects, already pointed

the well-known “ Western

Reserve,” was sold for $ 1,200,000, and

the

Minnesota of greater amounts,

In 1862 each state received a further grant,

equivalent amount of

This grant was of 30,000 acres for each

twenty-seven

states,

Under this act

representing

7,830,000

fund thus created has since grown to more

acres.

illiteracy, complementary to the colored ele­

than $ 2,000,000.

Massachusetts created a sim­

by the General Government to the cause of

ment.

ilar fund by reserving a portion of the present

education has been 78,659,439 acres, or nearly

area of Maine.

123,000 square miles, an area approximately

out, the

foreign

element is, in respect to

The fourth column of the above table

shows that the illiteracy of the foreign-born is,

Thus the total amount of land donated

Even in the Continental Congress the ques­

equal to that of the territory of New Mexico,

tion of affording aid to education was agitated.

and about one-twenty-fifth the whole area of

that the immigration to the North is mainly of

In

the country, excluding Alaska.

the peasant classes, while the few persons of

reserving for school purposes the 16th section

foreign birth found in the South are commonly

in each township of the public lands belonging

P u b lic

from the middle and upper classes.

to the United States.

system of the United States is essentially of

in the North, decidedly greater than in the
South.

The reason is to be found in the fact

A n exami­

1785 an act was passed by

Congress

Each state, upon its

S c h o o ls . —

The public school

nation of this column, in the part relating to

admission into the Union, was made the trustee

New England origin.

the Southern states, will show that illiteracy is

of the school lands thus granted.

emigrants from New England, it has flourished

in direct ratio to the proportion of the foreign

act, and subsequent legislation, twelve states

element.

Thus, in North and South Carolina,

received grants of land for school purposes.

Prior to the close of the Civil W ar, public

where there are very few persons of foreign

In 1848 Congress granted an additional section

schools were almost unknown in the Southern

birth, the proportion of illiterates among these

(the 36th) in each township for the same pur­

states, except in a few cities, where they were

few is trifling, while in W est Virginia, Florida

pose, making 1,280 acres in each township.

regarded only as a charitable provision for the

Under this

Carried westward by

in every community planted by them.

EDUCATION.
very poor.

The system of public education is

now in more or less successful operation in
every state and territory of the Union.

P er­
cent­
age .

STATE.

The

0 .1 4

serve also to indicate the similar progress of
public education in the country at large during
the same period.

Texas.................

0 .1 5

0 .0 9

0 .0 4

0 .1 3

Pennsylvania . . .
Delaware............
Maryland..........
Dis. of Columbia
Virginia.............
West Virginia...
North Carolina..
South Carolina..

0 .1 3

the average number of days on which school is

0 .23

kept in the several states bears to the maxi­
Ohio...................

0 .1 1

mum number, which has been assumed at 200

U tah ..................

0 .1 4

annually.

Illinois................
Michigan............
Wisconsin..........

0 .1 9
0 .2 3

0 .23

Iowa ................

0 .2 1

0 .3 0

0 .1 8

Washington . . . .

0 .1 7

California.........

0 .0 7
0 .1 5

0 .22
0 .1 9

Probably the best measure of the provision
made in different parts of the country for

The

second column shows the proportion which

0 .1 6

New York..........

of the tenth census, gives in percentages the
ance bears to the total school population.

0 .1 2

Instruction for Indiana, present a graphic pic­

The first column, derived from the statistics
proportion which the average school attend­

Florida.............
Alabama..........

0 .1 6

1880 of the State Superintendent of Public

state within the period from 1853 to 1880, and

Per­
cent­
age .

STATE.

0 .1 6

subjoined maps, taken from the Report for

ture of the extension of public schools in that

Per­
cent­
age .

STATE.

lix

The data for this have been drawn

from the report of the Bureau of Education for
1880.

The third column combines these ,two

elements, and expresses the proportion which
The most salient feature of the above table

the actual amount of “ schooling” in each state

is the high proportion which
the amount appropriated for
the support of public schools
bears to the true valuation
throughout the states of the
Northern Central group and
in nearly all of the W estern
states and territories.

These

states and territories have,
besides the assistance afford­
ed them by the national grant
of land, spent money lavishly
for education, and the results
are seen in their admirable
school systems and their cor­
respondingly low proportion
of illiterates.

A s between

the North Atlantic states and
those of the South, there
appears

to be no striking

difference.

The South has

devoted to the cause of edu­
cation, in proportion to its
means, almost as freely as
New England.

INDIANA SCHOOLS

The following table is de­

Distribution of School Uousi
1880 .

signed to epitomize the con­

T he re b eing as m any dots as
houses. Total. 9 ,647.

dition of education in the
several states and territories:

that the amount per capita devoted to the
public school system ranges from $ 18 .70 in
Nevada, down to $0.85 in North Carolina and
$0.81 in New Mexico.

Speaking broadly, the

Northern and Western states spend the largest

M a s s a c h u s e t t s .. .
C o n n e c t i c u t ___
D i s t . o f C o lu m b ia

55
47

89

49

M a r y l a n d ...........

90

42

N e b r a s k a .............

31
46

O r e g o n ................
U t a h .....................

paratively small.
Another satisfactory basis for comparing the
educational expenditures of the different states
and territories is presented in the following
table, showing the proportion existing between
the true valuation of property and the amount

55

25

53

45

24

36

64

23

43
57

97

M i c h i g a n ...............

7i

41

O h io ..........................

52

W a s h in g to n . . . .

52

44

23

Cl

75
74

39

I o w a ..........................

38

A r i z o n a ................

41

23

M a i n e .....................

64

60

38

W est V ir g in ia ..

45

55
5°

W i s c o n s in .............

46

81

v j

M o n t a n a .............

AC

48

90

37

M in n e s o t a ...........

44

R h o d e Is la n d . . .

41
40

92

37

M i s s o u r i .............

P e n n s y lv a n ia . . .

49

74

36

K e n t u c k y ............

C a l i f o r n i a .............

49

73

36

N e w J e r s e y ...........

37

I n d i a n a ...................

52

V e r m o n t ................

55
46

N e v a d a ..................

raised by taxation for public school purposes in
each state:

N e w H a m p s h ir e .

47
62

K a n s a s ..................

46

in case all children of school age attended
school, during 200 days in each year.
states and territories are arranged

The

in this

27

42

I llin o is .....................

ered to be the amount that would be given,

table in the order of the figures of the last

8
8

N e w Y o r k .............

amounts, while in the South the sum is com­

P e rc e n ta g e of A c tu a l
to
P o ssib le Sch o o lin g .

From them it appears

STATE.

P e r c e n ta g e w h ich
N um b er of Sch ool D ay s
B ears to M axim u m .

diagram upon Plate 53.

STATE.

P erce n tag e o f
C h ild re n o f Sch ool A g e
A tte n d in g Sch ool.

This is illustrated in a map and

P e r c e n ta g e o f A c tu a l
to
P o ssib le S c h o o lin g .

population.

P e r c e n ta g e w hich
N um b er o f School D ay s
B ears to M a x im u m .

devoted to this purpose, per capita of the school

bears to the maximum amount, which is consid­

P e rc e n ta g e o f
C h ild re n of School A g e
A tte n d in g Sch ool.

education is the amount of the public funds

23

column.

It will be seen that Massachusetts

and Connecticut retain their traditional posi­
tion in regard to public education.
The maps and charts on Plate 52 show in
detail the rank of the states and territories in

47

2
2
21

37

5°

J9

respect to the ratio of enrollment and of attend­

5i

18

C o l o r a d o .............

35
38

45

i7
l6

96

36

M i s s i s s i p p i ___

68

4i

35

V i r g i n i a ................

26

39
57

63

35

T e n n e s s e e ...........

40

34

75
7i

35
33
33

A l a b a m a .............

29
26

40

12

44

L o u i s i a n a ...........

19

59

II

N o r t h C a r o lin a .

36

27

IO

to the maximum number of school days, and in

II

28

ance to the total school population, of the actual

53

6l

D a k o t a .................

i5
14

respect also to the average monthly wages of
teachers.
The low position of the Southern states in
the third column of the above table appears to

SCRIBNER'S STA T ISTIC A L ATLAS.

lx

be due in greater degree to the small propor­

of women, normal schools, and schools for

S p ecial S ch ools. — The

tion attending school than to the number of

secondary instruction, are subject to certain

on Plates 56 and 57, relating to various kinds

school days, although the latter is, in general,

qualifications.

The various institutions author­

of special schools, show the distribution of such

considerably less than in other parts of the

ized by legislative enactment to grant degrees

schools, and the ratio between the number of

country.

and diplomas are not necessarily of the same

students receiving instruction in them and the

grade, nor are the other classes of educational

total population of the state in which they are

First, direct taxation,

institutions mentioned above similar to one

located.

either state or local, from which by far the

another in all parts of the country, although

greater proportion of the school revenue is

bearing the same name.

T o instance an ex­

and of schools for the instruction of the feeble­

obtained, and in several states practically its

treme case, Tennessee reports no fewer than

minded, was so inconsiderable that maps were

total amount; second, interest on invested

twenty universities and

not inserted to show their distribution, which

funds, and rents of school lands; third, sales

students in the collegiate department, while

may be ascertained

of school

miscellaneous

Massachusetts, which probably has the finest

as may also that of the miscellaneous group in

sources. Out of a total income from all sources

provision for advanced education of any state

which the report of the Bureau of Education

of $82,584,489, there was raised by direct taxa­

in the country, reports but seven such institu­

combines orphan asylums, industrial schools

tion in 1880 the sum of $66,048,411, or very

tions, with 1899 students

and miscellaneous charities.

nearly four-fifths of the whole.

department, while the population of the latter

The appended table presents a summary,

state is much greater than that of the former.

compiled from the Report of the Commis­

S ch ools o f H ig h er In stru ctio n .—

The only explanation of this apparent anomaly

sioner of Education for the year 1880, of the

The maps and diagrams on Plates 54 and 55,

is found in the widely varying standard adopt­

number of schools of each class, and

relating to the distribution of universities and

ed by different educational institutions of the

enrollment in each, in the several states and

colleges, schools for the superior instruction

same general class.

territories:

lands, and fourth,

I n s t it u ­
C o m m e r c ia l

I n s t it u t io n s f o r
Secondary
I n s t r u c t io n .

U n iv e r s it ie s
C o lleg es.

N orm al
Sch oo ls.

and

and

th e

B u s in e s s
C o lleg es.

S u p e r io r
I n s t r u c t io n
of W om en.

Institutions.

Students.
994

6 1 ,01 2
..
..
••
••

2
..
2

247

17
12
2

2,072
1,426
98

Sch ools of
M e d ic in e ,
o f D e n t is ­
t r y AN D OF
P h arm acy.

P repara­
tory

Schools (a).

11
/
c
0
b

~

a
c
*3
3
in

487
I,08l
8^075
4,690
2,661

59

59

G eorgia.....................................................
Illin o is.....................................................
Indiana............... ....................................

8
116
34
18

7
469
28 2,081
14 1,169

693
4,773
2,545

502
3
II 2,317
13 4,070

Io w a ..........................................................
K a n sa s.....................................................
K e n t u c k y ...............................................
Louisiana.................................................
M aine.......................................................

42
3
49
11
22

4 .3 9 5
295
3,603
464
1 ,91 7

19 1,296
8
323
15 1,224
92
8
431
3

3,061
1,095
1,916
677
501

II
3
6
3
8

M aryland.................................................
M assachusetts........................................
M ichigan.................................................
M innesota................................................
M ississippi...............................................

34
47
8
17
26

2,261
2,584
1,003
2,041
2,382

9 1,146
7 1,899
9 I ,I I I
6
351
284
4

1,436
2,009
2,232
822
967

5
713
IO 1,296
3
483
783
3
426
4

M issouri...................................................
N ebraska..................................................
N evad a ....................................................
N ew H am pshire...................................
N ew Jersey............. .................. ..

24
3

2,636
185

1,735
117

8 1,474
2
363

6 1,490
I
7°

27
50

i , 74i
3 ,7 2 3

247
688

2,429
665
48
247
688

I
I

4
5

N ew Y o r k ................................................
North C aro lin a .......................................
Ohio ........................................................
Oregon............................................ . . . .
Pen nsylvan ia..........................................

194
33
45
14
88

19,765
2,657
3 ,4 5 0
1,469
6,346

29 3 ,5 1 2
8
894
35 2,621
8
502
27 2 ,4 5 4

6,625
1 ,22 2
5,694
1,056
4,414

13 6,541 18 4,305
I
C
8
980
14 3,437 14 2,074
2
48
19 6,208 13 1,777

l 6 3,277 15 3,074 22 2,213
I
711
9
9
5
13 1,198 12 1,700
679
I
160
I
33
1,865 II 1,063
1,236
14
9

Rhode Isla n d .........................................
South C aro lin a ......................................
T ennessee................................................
T exas........................................................
V erm on t...................................................

6
10
63
24
31

362
1,614
5,852
2,746
2,413

I
8
20
9
2

247
256
1,920
865
102

247
664
3,287
1,482
102

I
4
12
6
4

145
987
1,670
566
435

4
4
••

423
3
15 1,612
775
9
I
189

I
7
I
I

72
319
d
145

V irgin ia ....................................................
W est V ir g in ia ........................................
W iscon sin ................................................

30
9
22

1,950
921
1,985

8
4
8

793
200
678

831
333
1,401

3
7
7

724
680
1,951

I
2
8

45
224
1,257

1,255
277
435

2

District of Colum bia............................

26

1,385

5

154

494

5

239

I

283

4
4

13
3
3

14
4
I
I
4

417
29I
800
57
951

449
819
2,005
296
951

7 1.349
3
449
690
4
2
24
I
132

2

2
303
18 3,973
8 1,670

992 II 1,705
132
384 2
518
395
3
2
352
371
256
520
3

3°
519

R eform
Schools.

2
4
9
4
I

2

285

2
I
5
..
I

4

7
6

70
22
209
25

435

2

54

956
356
5
838 IO 1,370
I
1,104
44
2
160
813
90 9 1,054

4
6
6
..
••

..

185
175

528
d
849

160
485
25

620
193
119

l6 1,977 I I
..
..
I
50
I
4
359
2
299 ••

6
I
5

2
6
I

3
..
5
2
2

<
/
e!
0
3

a
G
•O
3
in

G

*2

►<

G

3
m

c
0
s

S
3
G
*3
T
a

c

S
3
G
•O
3
C
n

I
I
I

1,086
434
203

15
20
12
538
108

I
2
I

70
610
392

2
17
3

122
540
74

2
3
I

8
151
d

I
I
I

58
132
127

222
99
120

I
I
I
I
I

263
276
182
c
no

2
2
I
I
2

88
65
15
23
3o

I
I
I
I
I

198
142
124
43
19

4
I
5
3
2

72
2
200
64
48

3
I
3
2

193
18
50
59

I
I
I
I

113
52
78
23

4
674
998
13
4 1,305
I
119
••

2
7
2
I
2

430
5
668 20
6
234
c
5
240

83
627
119
108

3 150
186
3
3 ^397
I
134
I
56

5
7
I
3
3

381
274
26
67
47

I
2
I

60
307
371

I

20

2
I
I
I
I

72
129
b
27
32

3
I
I
3
3

491
9
c
94
242

281
68

3
2

145
7

2

119

I
I

98
22

..
4
3

644
506

2
I
I
I
I

242
d

6

802

3
674
484 23
I
763
..
••

263
2,782
97

703
..

I

379

I

246

89

6
5

699
447

I
4

115
473

..

IO 2,171
6

1,482

3

8u

I

239

7
I
3
I
7

23 2,640
12
I
I
l6

2
I

••
6 I»322
102
I
2 468
I
15
5 528

c
66
c
144
38

I
I
I

64
67
12

I
I
I
I

19
38
no
89

122

I
2
I
I
2

15

538

645
c
95

2

2

6
I
I

12

452

I
I
3

98
65
248

I

159

I

d

9

254

I
2

5
132

4
I
2

647
150
146

..
..

2

198

I

no

5

211

..

••

5

362

184

••

••

65

I

20

2

14

I

181

3

148

I

for

Nurses.

G
.2
3

64

Orphan
A sylums,
Industrial
for
F eeble- Schools and
Minded
Miscel­
C hildren. laneous
C harities.
Schools

g
G

*3
3
in

the

0
>

,
a
&

c
.2
3
c

4

..

..

TOTAL.

G

$
G
*3
3

jd
a
3
a

.2
3

142

50
20
89
15
76

4 ,5 4 5
2,090
10,806
642
6,092
695
1,228
13,850
2 4 ,3 9 8
13,699

IO 1,405

a

5

696
87
308

24

78

d
••

I
I

431
72

.,

I

160

..

..

I

134

3

100
..

3

193

I

22

I
••

..

I

..

16

4
3
2

661
27
124
140

2
I
I
I
I

382
d
180

173

2

500

..

..

I

566

2

d

I

316

15
30
84

6

d

15

618

2

168

3
7
2

97
212
25

..

..

3

88

..

I
I
I

4

163

5

341

3
I
I

133
5
7*

I
I
I

35
24
89

2

86

4

263

••

••

60

9
16
12

359
1,846
797

14
IO
173
177
91

2
I
13
12
6

175
82
854
1,561
651

108
26
124
53
59

12,588
2,712
10,901
4 ,3 4 7
5.4 9 1

l6
28
12
2
2

1,353
1,881
780
7°
123

IOO
194
67
47
54

9,862
16,726
8 ,9 5 8
5, i 66
5 ,4 3 7

15

I

313

12
4
14

..

I

519

1,335

I
3
12

..

••

8
I

16
717

2,165 42 1.348
24 3
55
217 12 285
60
2,414 27 622

3

from the table below,

T raining
Schools

b
32
3°

g
.0
3

I
I
I
15
5

I
I
I
I
2

b6o
77
III
38
262

S
3

71

467

..
..

••

c
.2
3

a

4

2

..

6
I
2

t3
/
G
O
3

tions for
the Blind.

340

169

c

S
3
a
'O
3

Schools of Schools
T heology. of L aw.

9

I

229
18
203
114
I90

c
0
3

tions for
the D eaf
and D umb.

Institu­

d

..

I
I
2
3
I

K inder­
garten.

I nstitu­

I

..

„

467

C
*3
3
in

..

330
1,408
351

442
3
169
I
19 1,990
418
5
2
348

150
758

c
0
3

Schools
of Science.

I

4
41

13
9
26

in the collegiate

*
-*

1,041
673
3.662
170
2,027

A labam a..................................................
A rkansas.................................................
C aliforn ia................................................
C olorado..................................................
Connecticut.............................................

The number of training schools for nurses

colleges, with 1920

74

Students.

IO

Institutions.

Students.

126

I

Institutions.

Total
Students.

Collegiate
Students.

Students.

Institutions.

Institutions.

STATES
A N D T E R R IT O R IE S .

t io n s fo r

Students.

from various sources:

Institutions.

The income of the public schools is derived

maps and charts

71
90
827

I3i
16
4
52
107

16,459
1,401
169
3,630
9,006

97 31,788
200
2
38 3,385
I
14
55 5,875

496
75
217
30
298

87,006
6,074
25,247
2,855
3 4 ,4 01

6
3
6
I
2

339
394
198
d
165

24
38
143
59
46

2,529
4 ,5 8 7
13,721
6,086
3,807

..

4

.,

..

,.

..

.,

IO
I
14

459
52
652

89
30
93

6,674
2,581
9,878

I

IO

••

••

6

529

I
67

5
4,018

2

13
3
4

130

5

367

8
17
6
I

9i 5
2,496
348
23

Montana ................................................

1
2

W y o m in g ...............................................

I

117

I

21

I

..

19

23

T o t a l s .................................. 1,264 110,277 364 32,553 59,594 220 43,077 162 27,146 227 25,780 120 14,006 125 13,239 68 11,921 83 11,584 232 8,871 56 6,657 142 5,242 48 3 ,1 3 4 30 2,032 15
a.

Exclusive of Preparatory Departments of Universities and Colleges.

d

b.

D eaf M utes and Blind not separately reported.

c.

Included elsewhere.

d.

323

13 2,472 430 59, ! 6 i 3,600 404,516

N ot reported.

lEID
TXO -TIO
-A
ZD
sT

P l a t e 50

ILLITERACY.—SELECTED CLASSES, 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER.
Ratio o f P E R SO N S U N A B L E T O W RITE,

Ratio of P E R S O N S U N A B L E T O REA D ,

1

Rank
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

8tate.

5%

M o n t. . 4.8
In d. . . 4.8
V t........ 4.9
U ta h .. 5.0
M ass. . 5.3
I d a . . . . 5.5
W a sh .- 5.7
C o lo ... 5.9
C a l.. . . 7.1
Nev. .. 7.3
R .I .. . . 7.9
Mo. . . . 8.9
W . V a. 12.1
U.S. 13.4
D e l.... 15.3
D.C. . . 15.7
M d. . . . 16.0
A r iz ... 16.7
K y. . . . 22.2
T ex. .. 24.1
T e n n .. 27.7
A rk . .. 28.8
V a . . . . 34.0
F la . . . . 38.0
N .C. .. 38.3
M is s ... 41.9
G a........
A l a .... 43.5
L a ------ 45.8
S .C .... 48.2
N .M ex. 60.2

,» 10#...

10# ..

Per
Cent.

.. 25#

25# »

.. 50# „ 1

30%

-

ik
i
.
P
70#

II

3

75# an d over,____

00%

SCALEi

m

10#

State.

20%

Io w a .
Nebr.
W yo.
D a k ...
M e. ...
O h io ..
K an s.,
M in n ..
M ic h ..
W is. ..
O reg.

30%

INDEX.
40%

N.Y. ..
N.H..

C o n n ..
I ll___

N.J—
P a .......

3 K y .. -1 2 N .C— . 7
.17 L a.........6 Ohio ..39
.11 M e___ 44 O reg. .36
C a l.. . .23 M d___ 15 P a ------26
.28 M ass. .29 R . I . ...2 0
Conn. 35 M ich . .41 S .C . - - 2
Dak. .43 M inn. .31 T enn. .10
D e l... .18 .M iss.. . 5 T ex. -1 3
D.C. 16 Mo. ...I S U t a h ..‘2\
F la. . . . 8 M on t. .40 V t------33
G a .... . 4 N ebr. .46 V a ...- - 9
I d a . . . .25 Nev. ...2 2 11 a s h . -27
111. . . . 3C N .H . ..42 W .V a .-14
I n d ... .24 N .J. . .32 W is. . .34
Iowa .45 N .M ex. 1 Wy o . .47
K ans. .37 N .Y . -3 8

A l a ...

A la . . . 4 K y ........ 13N .C ..-- 7
A riz .. .14 L a. — 3 0 h io ..42
A rk . . .10 M e. ...4 3 O reg. 37
C a l... .22 M d___ 15 P a .........31
Colo. .23 M ass. .26 R .I .. ..20
Conn. .34 M ich . .39 S .C — 2
D ak. .44 M inn. .40 T e n n . .11
D e l... 17 M is s ... 6 T ex. ..12
D.C. .16 Mo___ IS U ta h .. 27
F la .. . 8 M o n t. .30 V t------28
G a .... - 5 N ebr. .46 V a ........ 9
I d a . . 25 N e v .. .21 U'as/i.-24
111. . . . 33 N .H . ..35 W .V a . 18
29 N .J ....3 2 W is. ..38
Iowa .47 N .M ex. l W y o . .45
K a n s ..41 IN.Y. -.36

Ratio o f C O L O R E D P E R SO N S Unable to W R IT E ,_

Ratio o f W H IT E P E R SO N S Unable to W RITE,

to Total Colored Persons,

Hank

State.

N.J. ..
Conn..
Wis. ..

30
29
28
27 111..........
26 V t ------25
24
23

Minn..
Mass. .
Colo...
22 Pa---21 Ind—
20 Md. ...
19 Utah..
U.S—
18 Del—
17 Mo. ...
16 R.I. . .
15 Tex. ..
14 Miss. .
13
V a . ...
11 W .V a . 10 L a .........
9
8
7 Ky. ...
6
5
4
3
-

Fla. ...
S.C—.
fia.....
Ala—
Ark. ..
Tenn.
2 N.C. ..
1 N.Mex.

Per
Cent.

5 .3
5 .5
5.6
5.9
6.0
6.0
6.4
6.4
6 .7
7.0
8 .1
8.5
9.4
9 .1
10.5
10.9
15.3
16.3
16.8
18.3
19.9
21.9
22.0
22.9
2 1.7
25.0
27.3
3 1.5
62.2

90X
Rank

8tate.

47 M o n t ..
46 W y o . .
45 W a sh .44 Nebr. .
43 O reg. .
42 I d a . „
41 K a n s . .
40 Iow a —
39 M e. —
38 D ak . ..
37 D.C. ..
36 C a l . . . .
35 N ev—
34 M ic h 33 Ohio ..
32 N .H ...
31 N .Y . -

Per
Cent.

3% 4Mf
0

2.2
2.5
2.9
3 .5
3.6
3.6
3 .7
3.8
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.4
4 .5
4.8
4.9
5.0
5.3

Rank

A la. . . 5 K y. . . . 7 N .C .... 2
A riz. .18 L a .........10 Ohio ..33
A rk. . 4 M e. ..-39
C al. - .36 M d___20 P a .........22
Colo. .23 M ass. .24 R .I . ...1 6
Conn. .29 M ich . .34 S .C . . . 8
Dak. .38 M inn. .25 T e n n .. 3
D e l... .18 .Miss. -.14 T e x ....15
D.C. .37 Mo___ 17 U t a h .. 19
F la . . . 9 M o n t. .47 V t .........26
G a - .. . 6 N ebr. .44 V a ........12
I d a . .42 N ev— 35 W a sti.- 45
111. . . . 27 N .H . ..32 W .V a .. 11
Ind. .. .21 N . J . - , 30 W is. ..2 8
Iowa .40 N .M ex. 1 W y o . .46
K ans. .4 1 N .Y . -3 1

State.

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
lit
33
32
31

INDEX.

Per
Cent

W yo. .
M ass. .
N .H . ..
Conn. .

14.7
1 5 .1
15.8
17.4
V t ------- 19 .3
C o lo .. . 20.5
N .Y . .. 2 1.2
R .I . . . 23.6
A r iz ... 23.7
M e. . . . 24.8
Nev— 26.7
P a ------ 27.1
O h io .. 27.3
O reg. . 27.8
I d a . . . 28.2
M ich — 28.5
C a l.. . . 29.8

A la . . . 3 K y........13'N .O .... 6
A riz .. .39 L a. . . . 4 Ohio . .35
A rk . . . 9 M e. ...3 8 O reg. 34
C a l... .31 M d----- 14 P a ........36
.42 M ass. .46 R . I - -4 0
Conn. .44 M ich . .32 S . C . - . 5
D ak. .21 M inn. .24 T e n n ..11
D e l- .15 .M is s ... 8 T ex . . . 7
D.C. IS M o - ..17 U t a h ..18
F la - .12 M o n t. .25 V t. . -4 3
Ga. — . 2 N ebr. .28 V a ........10
I d a . . .38 N e v .. .37 TFosJi.-22
111. . . . 28 N .H . ..45 W .V a. 16
Ind. . 26 N . J - . . 29 W is. ..27
Iowa .30 N .M ex. 1 W y o . .47
K an s. .20 N .Y . ..41

Ratio o f FO R EIG N -BO R N W H IT E Persons Unable to W RITE,

Ratio o f N A T IV E W H IT E Persons Unable to W RITE,

to Total Foreign:-Born White Persons,
by States,

Rank

8tate.

30 D .C. ..
R .I —

28 I d a . ..
27 K a n s —
26 N .J ... .
25 O reg. .
24 O h io ..
23 P a ------

Per
Cent.

Rank

State.

Per
Cent

2.6

30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15

I ll.........
A la ---Iow a . .
O h io ..
Nev. ..
C a l.. . .
In d . . .
K y. . . .
F la ... .
M d. . . .
M ic h ..
W is. ..
M in n L a ___
N .J —
U ta h ..
U .S —
D .C . ..
N .Y . ..
W . V a.
P a ........
C o n n ..
D e l....
M ass. .
M e. . . .
T ex . ..
V t........
A riz . . .
N .H . R .I - ..
N .M ex.

7.7
7.7
8.1
8:4
8.4
8.6
8.9
9.7
10.0
10.2
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.9
11.1
11.8
12.0
12.1
12.5
13.5
15.1
18.3
18.5

2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3 .5
4.3

4.8
5.3
5.9
6.8
Colo. — 7.1
M d. . . . 7.8
D el— . 8.1
A r iz ... 8 .1
U .S . . 8.7
Mo. . . . 1 1 .1
T ex. .. 13.9
iM iss... 16.6
V a. . . . 18.5
W . V a. 18.6
L a ___ 19.8
F la . . . . 20.7
S . C . - . 22.4
K y. . . . 22.8
G a........ 23.2
A la — 25.0
A rk . .. 25.5
T e n n . . 27.8
N .C— 31.7
N .M ex. 64.2

22 111..........
21 U ta h ..
20 I n d - . .

19
18

17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

9
8

7
6

5
4
3
2
1

Rank

State.

M ass...
C o n n ..
N .H . Nev. ..
M o n t ..
W yo. .
D a k .. .
M in n —
M e.
W is. . .
C a l- ..
N .Y . N ebr. ■ M ich . .
M
33 W a sh .-

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
32
31

V t -------

Iowa ..

Per
Cent.
0.7
1.0
1 .1
1 .1
1.4
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.4 ,
2.6

20%

INDEX.

30%

C al.

. 5iK y------7 N .C— 2
.16 L a .........1C Ohio ..24
. 4 M e. ...3 8 O reg. .25
.37 Md. ...1 8 P a. . -2 3
.IS M ass. .47 R .I . ...2 9
.46 M ich. .34 S .C . . . 8
.41 M inn. -4C T e n n .. 3
.17 M iss. ..13 T ex . -14
.30 Mo. ...1 5 U ta h .. 21
. 9 M on t. .43 V t------32
. 6 Nebr. .35 V a ........12
_
.'28 Nev_ 44 Wash.-'S.]
.22 N .H . ..45 W .V a .-11
.20 N .J. . .26 W is. ..38
.31 N .M ex. 1 W y o . .42
.27 N .Y . ..36

14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2

1

23.7
24.7
26.9
27.3
43.3

CO PYRIG H T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

Rank

State.

Per
Cent.

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31

N .C. . .
M o n t..
C o lo ...
W yo. .
O reg. W a sh .S .C —
I d a ....
V a. . . .
G a........
A rk . ..
M is s ...
N ebr. .
K a n s ..
D a k ...
Mo. . . .
T e n n ..

3.3
3.8
4.0
4.1
4.4
4.5
4.9
5.3
5.4
5.6
5.6
6.0
6.4
6.7
6.8
7.0
7.5

20%

30%

INDEX.
40%

A la. .
A riz.
A rk. .
C al. .
Colo.
Conn.
D ak.
D e l..
D.C.
F la . .
Ga—
Ida.
111. ..
I n d ..
Iowa
K ans.

.29 K y. ...2 3 N.C— 47
. 4 L a .........17 Ohio ..27
.37 M e___ 7
.25 M d___ 21 P a .........11
.45 M ass. . 8 R .I . . . . 2
.10 M ich . .20 S.C . . .41
.33 M inn. .18
. 9 M iss. ..36 T e x - . . 6
.14 Mo. ...3 2 U ta h .. 15
.22 M o n t. .46 V t.........5
.38 N ebr. .35 V a ........39
.40 N e v - . .26 ITasft.-42
.31) N.H- - 3 W .V a—
12
-24 N .J ---- 16 W is. —19
.28 N .M ex. 1 W y o . .44
.34 N .Y . -1 3

IEZDTX O -A -T IO T sT

P l a t e 51

ILLITERACY.—SELECTED CLASSES, 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER.
Ratio o f W H IT E P E R SO N S Unable to W RITE,
—

Ratio o f C O L O R E D P E R S O N S Unable to W R IT E

to Total White Persons,

WZPtwrpE p p S E

1880.

.

J

by States,.

to Total Colored Persons,

1 1

/

)

by States,

—. 1880. __r'f\

r ^ J

^ ( 3 \V
:

3

KANS.

KANS.

tenn,

U n d e r 2# .
2# an d u n d e r 5# .

Bank

State.

Per
Cent

2# an d u n d e r 5# .

SCALEi

1 #2#
0 0

Rank

30 N.Y. .. 6.4
29 N . J - - 6.4
28 Conn.. 6.5
27 Vt..... 6.7
26 Ill...... 6.7
25 Wis. .. 7.2
24 Minn— 7.4
23 Mass. . 7.8
22 Pa..... 8.1
21 Ind. . . 8.2
20 Utah.. 8.9
19 Md.... 9.2
t J . S . . . 9.4
18 Mo. ... 9.6
17 D e l.... 10.3
16 R.I.... 11.7
15 Tex. .. 12.2
14 Miss... 13.0
13 Ariz... 15.4
12 La---- 16.3
11 Fla. ... 16.6
10 Va. ... 16.7
9 W. Va. 17.3
8 S.C.... 18.8
7 Ga...... 19.3
6 Ark. .. 19.7
5
20.0
4 S f i . ~ 20.4
3 Tenn.. 23.4
2 N.C. .. 28.7
1 N.Mex. 62.1

30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14

75# an d over,.
Rank

State.

Per
Cent

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31

M o n t..
W yo . .

2.2
2.3
2.8
3 .2
3.5
3.6
3.8
4.3
4.3
4.7
6.0
5.2
5 .3
5.4
5.6
5 .7
5.8

Wash.I d a ....

O reg. .
Nebr. .
K a n s ..
M e___

Dak...

Iowa N.H. Nev. ..
C al. . . .
D.C. ..
Colo. M ic h ..
Ohio ..

IN D E X ,

13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

State.

Per
Cent.

W is. . . 34.3
O hio .. 34.6
N ebr. . 34.8
N.J.... 35.8
Iowa .. 37.5
M in n .. 39.5
Wash.- 41.4
Dak... 42.2
Ill...... 42.7
I n d .... 44.4
Utah.. 54.1
K a n s .. 56.6
D.C. .. 59.3
Mo. . . . 60.9
Del—. 62.7
W . Va. 63.4
M d. . . . 66.3
I J .S .- - 73.1
Fla. ... 73.8
K y. . . . 75.4
T e n n .. 76.1
[Ark. .. 77.2
T ex. . . 78.6
M iss... 79.2
Va. ... 80.1
N.C— . 80.8
S .C — 81.9
L a____ 82.0
Ala— 84.1
Ga..... 84.3
N.Mex. 92.3

75# a n d over,
SCALE i
Rank

vt

by States,

Per
Cent.

W yo. .
N .H . ..
M a s s...
A r iz ...
Conn. .
C o lo .. .

1#„
0

13.4
18.1
18.5
20.6
20.7
21.7
23.8
24.5
24.6
27.0
27.1
27.6
28.7
29.4
31.8
32.6
32.9

V t -------

N .Y . Nev. . .
R . I -----

M e. —

I d a . ..
34 C a l- . .
33 P a -----32 M o n t ..
3 1 M ic h ..

Ratio o f W H IT E M A L E S Unable to W R IT E
to Total White Males,

State.

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35

IN D E X ,
A la. . 3 K y------12 N .C— 6
A riz. 44 L a .........4 Ohio ..29
A rk. . .10 M e___ 37 O reg. .36
C al. - .34 M d. ...1 4 P a ------33
Colo. .42 M ass. .45 R .I. ...3 8
Conn. .43 M ich . .31 S .C . . . 5
Dak. 23 M inn. .25 T enn. .11
D e l... .16 M iss. .. 8 T ex. . . 9
D.C. .18 Mo. ...1 7 U ta h .. 20
F la. .. .13 M on t. .32 V t------41
G a .... 2 Nebr. .28 V a ........ 7
I d a . . .35 N ev— 39 W a sh .-24
111. .. . .22 N .H . ..46
Ind. .. .21 N .J. . .27 W is. ..30
Iowa .26 N .M ex. 1 W y o . .47
K ans. .19 N .Y . -4 0

Ratio o f C O L O R E D M A L E S Unable to W RITE,
|

I

to Total Colored Males,

f

1880.

1880.

(

Jk

by States,

____ I■

KANS.

TENN,

T ind er 1%

U n d e r 2# .

2# an d u n d e r 5# .

2# an d u n d er 5#..

SCALEi
10#

Rank State.

20#

N .J. .
Conn.
M ich ..

30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14

111. . . .

M inn.
P a .. .
M ass.
W is. .
U ta h .
I n d ...
V t. . .
U .S .Mo. . .
M d .. .
D e l...
R . I. .
T ex. .
M iss ..

75# an d over.
Rank

State.

Per
Cent.

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31

W yo. .
M o n t. .
W a sh .I d a . ..
N ebr. .

1 .7
2 .1
2.6
2.7
3.0
3 .1
3.2
3.3
3 .9
3.9
4.2
4.5
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.0
5 .5

Ariz..

F la. ..
W .V a .
L a—
V a ....
A rk. .
S. C—
Ga—
T enn.
N.C. .

J C a n s ..

O reg. .
D ak . ..
Io w a C o lo ...

D.C. ..
M e. . . .
N ev.. .
C a l... .

Ohio ..
N .H ...
N .Y ...

IN D E X ,

13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Per
Cent.

SCALEi
10# 20# 30#

N ebr. . 30.3
W is. .. 30.6
Ohio — 32.4
D ak. — 32.8
W a sh .- 32.9
N .J. . . 33.4
Iow a — 33.4
M in n .. 33.5
Ill......... 38.5
In d ---- 40.5
U t a h .. 51.2
K a n s .. 52.2
D.C. . . 54.0
Mo___ 57.6
D e l- .. 59.2
[W. V a. 60.0
Md----- 63.5
U . S . - 68.7
F la .. . . 69.5
T e n n .. 73.0
A rk. .. 73.2
K y. . . . 73.6
T ex. . . 75.9
M iss—. 76.0
N.C. . . 76.4
V a........ 78.1
S .C — 78.2
L a ........
Ga........ 81.2
A l a - . . 81.4
N .M ex. 89.8

Rank

State.

47 W y o . .
46 M ass. .
4o N .H . 44 A r iz .. .
43 C o lo ...
42 C o n n ..
41 N e v - .
40 M e. . . .
39 N .Y .. .
38 R .I . . .
37 O reg. .
36 C a l.. . .
35 M o n t..
34 V t ____
33 I d a . ..
32 P a___
31 M ic h -

Ratio o f W H IT E F E M A L E S Unable to W RITE,

Ratio o f C O L O R E D F E M A L E S Unable to W RITE,
to Total Colored Females,

i

!

NEBR.

1

i
m

2
KANS.

IN D E X ,

8.9
15.8
17.7
17.9
19.0
19 .7
2 1.2
2 1.7
22.5
24.8
25.1
25.2
25.3
26.1
27.8
28.6
30.2

White

!—

75# a n d over,.

S C ALE i
Per
Cent.

\

i

yT y g •'iaL

bS
y tates<
1880.

/

__a

IOWA.

KANS.

TENN.
U n d e r 2# .

U n d e r 2#

2 # a n d u n d er 5# ,

2# and u n d er 5# .
Rank
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13

N .J ...
N .Y . .
Conn.

111.

...

W is. .
M ass.
M inn.
I n d ...
P a. . .
M d. ..
C o lo ..

75# an d over,.
Rank

A rk . ..
A r iz ...
T e n n ..
N.C—
N .M ex.

State.

Per
Cent.

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31

M o n t. .
W a sh .W yo. .
O reg. .
M e. . . .
I d a . ..
N ebr. .

2.5
3.2

K an s—

N .H ...
Iowa ..
M ic h ..
C a l- ..
V t -------

D ak . ..
D.C. . .
O h io ..
Nev. ..

4.1

4.1
4.1
4.5
4.7
4.9
5.5
5.7
6.2
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8

IN D E X ,
A la. — 6 K y .. . . 7 N .C .—. 2
A r iz ... 4 L a .........13 Ohio —
32
A r k .. . 5 M e. ...4 3 O reg. .44
C al. ...3 6 M d. ...2 1 P a ____22
Colo. ..20 M ass. .25 R .
Conn. .28 M ich . .37 S . C. . . 9
D ak. ..34 M inn. .24 T e n n .. 3
D e l..-1 9 M iss. ..14 T ex. - 1 6
D .C . ..33 Mo. ...1 7 U t a h .. 18
F la . ...1 1 M o n t. .47 V t------35
Ga........ 8 N ebr. .41 V a ........ 12
I d a — 42 N ev— 31 W a s h .-46
111......... 27 N .H. ..39 W .V a .-10
I n d .— 23 N .J . . .30 W is. ..26
Iow a ..38 N .M ex. 1 W y o . .45
K ans. .40 N .Y . ..29

I.

State.

Per
Cent

SCALEi

W yo . _
Ida_
_
M in n —

10# 20# 30# 40#

43.2
45.7
47.1
111.......... 48.2
In d . . . 49.0
D a k ... 55.9
O reg. . 58.1
K a n s— 6 1.5
U ta h .. 6 1.6
M o n t .. 62.2
C al. — 62.6
D.C. .. 63.2
Mo. — 64.1
D e l - - 66.2
W a sh .- 66.8
W . V a. 67.3
M d. — 68.9
K y. . . . 77.1
I T . S . . 77.6
.
— 12 F la . — 78.2
15
1 1 T e n n .. 78.9
10 T ex . . . 8 1.3
9 A rk. —
8 V a. — 8 1.9
7 M iss. — 82.3
6 L a ------ 83.7
5 N .C. - 84.8
4 S .O .—
2
1

Ga.....
N .M ex.

95.4

C O PYRIG H T, 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SONS.

75# an d over.
SC ALEi
Rank

State.

47 N .H ...
46 V t .........
45 M ass. .
44 C o n n ..
43 N .Y . ..
42 C o lo ...
41 R . I —
40 A riz . ..
39 M e. —
38 P a ........
37 M ic h ..
36 O h io ..
35 N .J —
34 W is. ..
33 N ebr. .
32 Nev. —
3 1 Iow a ..

Per
Cent.

18.5
20.7
2 1.1
21.6
26.4
28.3
28.8
29.2
333
34.9
36 .1
37.0
38.1
38.8
41.4
43 .1

1 #,
0

IN D E X ,
N .O .... 5
Ohio ..36
O reg. .24
P a. ....3 8
R.
S . C. . . 4
T enn. .11
T e x ... .10
U ta h . . 22
V t.........46
V a ........8
W ash.-\6
W .V a .. 15
W is. ..34
W y o . .30

I. ...41

EDTJOATIOIT

P l a t e 52
(Based on the Returns of the Tenth Cefisus,
except as otherwise noted.)

STATISTICS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
ENROLLM ENT

Ratio o f Enrollment to School Population,
by States, 1880.
R an k

Ala. ..1 6 Mo.... 5
Ariz. .44 Mont. .46
Ark. ..24 Nebr..30
Cal. ..26Nev—43
Colo. .39 N.H...33
Conn-29 N.J. ..20
Dak. ..41 N.Mex40
Del. ..38 N.Y— 1
D. C. -.37 N.C. -.14
Fla. ..31 Ohio.. 3
Ga---- 10, Oreg. .35
Ida. ..45 Pa____2
IU___ 4 R.I----- 34
Ind. .. 6 S.C. ..19
Iowa.. 11 Tenn.. 9
Kans..21,Tex... 8
Ky. .. 7i Utah..36
La. ...22|Yt___ 32
Me----28,Va-----12
Md__ 23 Wash.-42
Mass.. 15; W.Va. 27
Mich. .13 Wis. ..17
Minn..25\Wyo. .47
Miss. .18'

T O T A L SCH O O L PO PU LAT IO N ,
by States, 1880.
S c h o o l P o p u la tio n .
R an k

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35

S ta te .

Legal, b

SCALE

Censnt.

Wyo. . N o
Mont. .
Ida. -. N o
Ariz. .
Nev-Wash.- c
Dak...
N.Mex /
Colo. -

re p o rt.
3 ,7 5 4
7 ,0 7 0
6 ,6 9 6
re p o rt.
7 .4 9 4
7 ,1 4 S
7 ,9 2 4
1 0 ,5 9 2
1 1 ,3 4 4
2 4 ,2 2 3
2 0 ,4 2 1
1 2 ,0 3 6
3 2 ,9 0 9
3 5 ,6 9 5
3 8 ,2 6 0
3 5 ,5 6 6
3 6 ,3 7 2
3 5 ,4 5 9
4 2 ,6 7 5
D e l. . .
4 3 ,5 5 8
4 7 ,7 2 7
4 0 ,6 7 2
4 8 ,0 6 3
5 9 ,6 1 5
5 0 ,0 2 8
6 8 .1 4 4
5 2 ,2 7 3
7 9 ,1 2 0
7 1 ,1 3 2
9 2 ,8 3 1
8 6 ,2 7 0
V t. -- .
8 8 ,4 4 5
8 8 ,6 7 7
1 4 2 ,3 4 S
1 3 5 ,1 5 8
3 5 5 ,5 1 2
1 4 0 ,2 3 5
2 1 4 ,6 5 6
3 6 6 ,8 5 6
2 1 0 ,1 1 3
2 0 6 ,3 9 8
2 1 6 ,3 9 3
2 1 5 ,9 7 8
2 3 7 ,5 7 5
2 7 1 ,4 2 8
2 6 6 ,0 7 5
2 4 7 ,5 4 7
2 7 9 ,4 1 2
3 3 0 ,5 9 0
3 0 0 ,1 5 3
2 7 3 ,8 4 5
3 1 6 ,0 2 9
3 4 0 ,6 4 7
3 3 0 ,6 8 5
3 1 6 ,4 2 1
e 2 2 8 ,1 2 8 3 3 0 ,6 2 3
3 8 6 ,1 3 6
4 2 6 ,6 8 9
4 8 3 ,2 2 9
4 0 5 ,8 7 8
3 8 8 ,0 0 3
4 2 1 ,3 2 8
A la .
3 0 7 ,3 2 1
4 2 7 ,5 2 6
4 5 2 ,1 6 4
4 5 9 ,3 2 4
4 6 4 ,3 8 2
5 0 6 ,2 2 1
4 9 0 ,5 7 4
5 5 5 ,8 0 7
5 1 0 ,1 1 0
5 8 6 ,5 5 6
4 3 3 ,4 4 4
5 1 1 ,5 5 5
5 4 4 ,8 6 2
5 1 5 ,7 0 1
5 1 8 ,9 2 5
2 3 0 ,5 2 7
5 4 5 ,1 6 1
7 0 3 ,5 5 8
7 0 1 ,5 1 0
7 2 3 ,4 8 4
9 4 3 ,6 5 3
1 ,0 1 0 ,8 5 1
9 5 1 ,2 7 8
1 ,0 4 3 ,3 2 0
/ l , 3 7 0 , 0 0 0 1 ,2 6 0 , 3 8 6
1 ,6 4 1 , 1 7 3

D.C...
Utah..
Oreg..
R.I—
3 3 N.H— /
d
32
3 1 Fla. ..
3 0 Nebr2 9 Conn..
2 8 Me...,
2 7 W.Va.
2 6 Gal. ..
2 5 Minn.. d
2 4 Ark...
2 3 Md. .. /
2 2 La. ...
2 1 Kans..
2 0 N .J...
1 9 S.C. ..
1 8 Miss. .
1 7 Wis...
16
..
1 5 Mass..
1 4 N.C...
1 3 Mich..
1 2 V a ....
11 Iow a.
1 0 G a.... C
9 Tenn..
8 Tex...
7 K y....
6 Ind. ..
5 Mo— 4 m ......
3 Ohio.. c
2 P a....
1 N.Y...

■Kans.
N.J.

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3

scale

P er
Cent.

S ta te .

N. Mex
La. ..
Tex...
Ark...
S.C. ..
Dak. ..
Ala. ..
Y a....
Ga....
Fla. ..
Ariz. .

---------------------------S C A LE :
o
<5

R ank
Rank State. Day*.
..
___________ _
_
10 School Days per Y ear;
47 Wyo. .
Wvo
^ f 20 30 40 50
46 Ida. ..
No report
45 Ga_
_
44 Fla. ..
43
42 iN.C. .. 54
41 Tenn.. 68
40 Tex... 73
39 S.C. .. 77
38 Miss. . 78
37 Ala. .. 80
36 Dak... 88
35 Wash.- 88
3 4 iColo. .
89
33 Oreg.. 90
32 Minn.. 94
31 Mont. . 96
30 W. Va. 99
29 Mo.... 100
28 Ky. . . 102
27 N.H... 105
26 Nebr.. 109
25 Ariz. . 109
24 V a.... 113
23 La. - .- .118
22 Me.... 120
21 Kans.. 121
20 Vt. ... 125
19 Utah..
18 N. Mex
17 Ind. .. 136
16 Mich.. 141
1 5 Nev... 143
14 Pa. ...
13 Cal. ..
12 Iowa .
11 Ohio..
10 Ill......
9 Del. ..
8 W is...
7 Md....
6 Mass..
5 N.Y...
4 Conn. 3 R.I—
2 N .J.-.
1 D.C...

13

JO W A .

iJa h '.'.

. ...

Md. ..
0 0

Tenn..
N.C. ..
Miss. .
Del. ..
R.I---Colo- .
N.J. ..

n. mex.
U n d e r 40%.

M o . ___

W. Va.
Mont..
Wash.W is...
Mass..

IN D E X ,

111_____

Cal. ..
Nebr..
Oreg. .

Ala. ..41'Mo....25
Ariz. .37 Mont. .23
Ark. -.44 Nebr..l7
Cal. ..18 Nev... 7
Colo. .27 N.H... 5
.
a— N.J. .23
14
..42 N.Mex 47
..29 N.Y...13
..33 N.C...31
..38 Ohio.. 6
..39 Oreg. .10
..11 Pa. ...13
..19 R.I.. .28
Ind. .. 4 S.C. ..43
Iowa.. 3 Tenn..32
Kans.-10,Tex...45
Ky_ 36 Utah..So
_
La. -..40 V t.. .. 2
Me__ 1 Ya_ 40
_
Md. ..34 Wash.-22
Mass.. 20 W.Va.24
Mich.. 9 W is...21
Minn.. 8 Wyo. .12
Miss. .30

P a _____

Conn..
N .Y . - .

Wyo. .
Ida. ..
Kans..
Mich..
Minn..
Nev...
Ohio..
N.H...
[nd. ..
Iowa..
2 Vt. ...
1 Me....

<-- SlIN EX
D ,
Ala. . .37 Mo... .29
Ariz. .25 Mont. .31
Ark.. .43 Nebr. .26
Cal. ..13 Nev- .15
Colo. .34 N.H.. .27
|Conn. . 4 N.J. . 2
Dak. ..36 N.Mex 18
Del. .. 9 N.Y— 5
D.C.. . 1 N.C. . .42
Fla. . .44 Ohio. -11
Ga... .45 Oreg. .33
Ida. . .46 Pa. .. .14
.
111. . . .10 R.I— 3
Ind. . .17 S.C. . .39
Iowa. .12 Tenn. .41
Kans. .21 Tex.. .40
K y... .28 Utah. .19
La. .. .23 Vt. .. .20
Me... 22 V a... .24
Md... 7 Wash -35
Mass. 6 W.Va 30
Mich. .16W is.. 8
Minn. .32 Wyo. .47
Miss. .38

Ratio of Average Attendance to School
Population, by States, 1880.
Rank

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
IS
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
i

State.

(B ased on th e R eport of th e Com m issioner of E ducation-)
.
F e m a le s .

I SCALE:

M aleg- |
a
Fem
ales- M le s . I
N reported. 1
ot
N reported. 1
ot
$20 9 6
21 75
21 75
$23 89 $25 24
26 66
21 90 26 70
27 50
17 44 27 84
28 19
1
24 65 29 20 i
30 05
1
24 79 30 83
26 28 31 16
28 42 32 36
25 98 32 47
21 68 32 97!
22 23 34 12
22 00 35 00
30 00 35 00
27 52 35 29
31 92 36 12
24 91 37 14
35 20 37 20
25 73 37 28
40 00
41 06
33 34 41 14
41 40
31 80 41 92
40 87 42 84
33 38 44 19
30 00 50 00
40 00 50 00
32 90 55 8255 94
39 00 56 00
35 45 56 43
30 59 67 54
42 99 70 24]
56 41 71 64*
64 73 80 261
70 00 83 00
a5 00'
62 24 90 16
77 00 101 47

80% an d over.

a This exhibit is based on the census re­
turns, as the “ Report of the Commissioner
of Education ” gives the school population
at the legal school age only, which varies so
widely as to be misleading when used for
making comparisons. (See chart below.)
Besides, the Commissioner’s Report does not
contain data for all states in 1880. This ex­
planation applies equally to Attei_dance and
Expenditure.

Per

$2 per Month

ATTENDANCE

SC A LE :

L . ______ 1880 .

N. Mex 09
La. ... 19
Tex..
A rk...
Dak...
V a ....
Ala. ..
Ga....
S.C. ..
Md....
N.C...
Utah..
N.J. ..
Mo. ..
Colo. .
Tenn..
R.I—
Ariz. .
Miss. .
Del. ..
N.Y...
D.C...
Minn..
Mont..
W. Va.
Wis...
Kans..
m___
Nebr..
Conn..
Nev...
Cal. ..
Pa. ...
Iowa .
W .
i/o.
Ida. ..
Wash.[nd. ..
Ohio..
Oreg..
v t . ...
Mass..
Mich..
N.II...
Me—

R A T IO
to School Population;
by States,

Cent.

U n d e r 25%.

41
43
45
40% to 45%.
IN D E X ,

Ala.. .41 Ky...
Ariz. .28 La.. .
Ark...44 Me...
Cal.. .14 Md...
Colo. .31 Mass,
Conn..16 Mich.
Dak...43 Minn,
Del. ..26 Miss.
D. C—24 Mo...
Fla__ 36 Mont.
Ga_ 40 Nebr
_
Ida. ..10 Nev..
Ill...... 18 N.H..
Ind.. . 8 N.J..
Iowa .12 N.Me
Kans. .19 N.Y..

47 1

53 1

64

Average Monthly W a ge s o f Teachers, by States, 1880,

Stale.
k StaU
}47 Tex...
46 N.Mex
45 Ala. -.
44 N.C. ..
43 K y ....
42 S.C. -.
41 Tenn..
40 Dak...
39 La. ...
38 Vt. ...
37 W. Va.
36 V a....
35 Miss. .
34 Del. ..
33 Iowa .
32 P a....
31 Kans..
30 M e....
29 N.H—
28 U tah..
27 Mo— .
26 Minn..
25 Nebr..
24 Wis. .
23 Ind. ..
22 Mich..
21 Fla. ..
20 Md—
19 W ash.18 N.Y—
17 111_____
16 Colo. .
15 Oreg..
14 Ga. ...
13 Ark...
12 N .J...
11 W yo...
10 Ohio..
9 Conn..
8 Mass..
7 R.I__
6 Mont. .
5 Cal.. .
4 Ariz. .
3 Ida. ..
2 D.C...
1 i Nev....

by States,

4 v _ 1880. _

b The column “ Legal ” is from the Report of the
Commissioner of Education for 1880.
c, 1879; d, 1878; e, 1877; /, “ Estimated.”

(Based on th e R eport of th e Com m issioner of E ducation.)

R an k

X

:

Dwa

Average Number o f Actual School Days, by States, 1880,

■'

RA TIO
to School Population

IN D E X ,

Ala.. .45 Ky._..43[N.C...44
Ariz. . 4 La___39 Ohio.. 10
Ark.-.13 Me. ...30 Oreg. .15
Cal.. . 5 Md__ 20 Pa---- 32
Colo. .16 Mass.. 8 R.I__ 7
Conn- 9 Mich._22S.C- -42
Dak...40 Minn..26 Tenn..41
Del.. .34 Miss. .35 Tex...47
D.C... 2 M o--27 Utah .28
Fla- .21 Mont.. 6 Vt___38
Ga---- 14 Nebr..25 Va— 36
Id a ... 3 Nev... 1 Wash. 19
111...... 17 N.H—29 W.Va.37
Ind__ 23 N.J. ..12 Wis...24
Iowa .33 N.MexA6 Wyo. .11
Kans. .31 N.Y...18_______
rh ite teachers.)

(B ased on the R eport o f th e Com m issioner o f E ducation.)
Rank

9

Legal Period.

Ala. ...4 Mo...... 4
AHz. ..3 Mont. .A
Ark__ 3 Nebr...2
Cal. ...0!Nev__ 6
Colo. -.3 N.II.-..8
Conn...6 N.J. ...5
Dak— 2 N. Mex.7
Del. ...3 N.Y..—
2
D.C. ...7 N.C_ 3
_
Fla. ...I Ohio...3
Ga.......6 Oreg. ..2
Ida. ...2 Pa.......3

Legal Age.

6 years_ 8 to 14
_

8 10 years_ 5 to 15
_ 6 to 16
7 11 years_ 7 to 18
_ 6 to 17
4 to 16
6 12 years_ 5 to 17
_
6 to 18
5 13 years---- 5 to 18
4 14 years_ 6 to 20
_ 7 to 21
3 15 years_ 5 to 20
_ 6 to 21

Ihoois— en, $87; Women, $40,
M
74; W bm en, $35.06)

55% an d over

M d . Mi<

2 16 years_ 4 to 20
_ 5 to 21
i

Ind___3
Iow a-.2
Kans... 2
Ky.......4
La.......6
Me...... 1
Md...... 3
Mass.. .8
Mich.-.3
Minn.. .2
Miss. . .2

17 years_ 4 to 21
_

Grac

•hooter-Meh,$101.75; 'W dmen, $64.39.

| $58

$60

ATofe.—The color bars indicate the period
of legal school age, and begin and end at the
years fixed by law in the states named in
the bars.
The school age recognized by the census,
five to seventeen, is indicated by the heavy
black lines.

$100

C O P YR IG H T , 1883, B Y" C H A R L E S SCRIBNER-’S SONS.

I

EDTJCATIOIT

P l a t e 53

STATISTICS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS. —Continued.
EXPENDITURE PER CAPITA
of Average Attendance in
166 Cities, 1880.

Total Expenditure, by States,

(Based on the Report of the Commissioner of Education.)

1880.

R
ank State

i
I

City.

P

166
165 Allentown, Pa.................
164 fey West, Fla. a .............
163
162
161 Shenandoah, P a ..............
160 rrederick, Md. a..............
159
158 iforS, Pa..........................
157
156
155
154 jeavenworth, Kans........
153
152 Chattanooga, Tenn.........
151
150
149
148
147
146
145 leading,’ Pa. a.................
144
143
142
141
140
139
138 Jarlborough, Mass.........
137
136
135 Saginaw, Mich.................
134 Richmond, Va..................
133 Memphis, Tenn................
132
131
130
129 Steubenville, Ohio a........
128 Philadelphia, Pa..............
127
126
125 Bellville, 111......................
124
123
122
121
120
119
118
117 Ottawa, 111. a ...................
116
115 Paterson, N. J ..................
114 Allegheny, Pa..................
113
112
111
110 Rome, N. Y. a.................
109
108 Brooklyn, N .Y................
107
106 Binghamton, N. Y............
105 New Brunswick, N. J ......
104
103
102
101
100
99
98
97 Elgin, 111... ......................
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
88
87 Hornellsville, N. Y...........
86
85 Saratoga Springs, N. Y ...
84
83
82 Dover, N. H.....................
81
80
79
78
77
76 Elmira, N. Y....................
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62 St. Louis, Mo*.................
61 Newark, N . J. a..............
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53 Utica. N. Y.......................
52
51
50
49
48 Springfield, Ohio a ...........
47 Troy, N. Y............. ..........
46
45
44
43
42 Long Island City, N. Y ...
41
40
39 Washington, D. C. d........
38 Albany, N. Y....................
37
36
35
34
33 Fremont, Ohio.................
32 Springfield, Mass.............
31 Baltimore, Md..................
30 Council Bluffs, Iowa.......
29
28
27
26
25 Cohoes, N. Y ....................
24 Columbus, Ohio...............
23
22
21 Denver, Colo. (5-8 of city)
20
19 Des Moines, (west), Iowa.
18 Buffalo, N. Y...................
17 Cambridge, Mass.............
16
15 Los Angeles, Cal. a .........
14
13
12
11
10
9
8 San Francisco, Cal..........
7
6
5
4
3
1 Virginia City, Nev............

(Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census,
except as otherwise noted.)

47 Wyo. .
46 NMex
45 Id a ...
44 Ariz. .
43 Mont..
42 Wash.
41 Fla.. .
40 Utah..
39 Del.. .
38 Dak...
37 Nev...
36 Oreg..
35 S.C., .
34 Ark...
33 N.C...
32 Colo. .
31 Ala. ..
30 D.C...
29 Vt.. 28 La... .
27 R.T---26 N.II...
25 G a ....
24 Miss. .
23 W.Va.
22 Tex...
21 Tenn..
2D [Va....
19 Me....
18 Nebr..
17 K y ....
16 Conn..
15 Md....
14 Minn..
13 Kans..
12 N.J. ..
11 Wis.. .
10 Cal....
9 Mo....
8 Mich..
7 Iowa .
6 Ind.. .
5 Mass..
4 Pa___
3 in ......
2 Ohio..
1 N.Y...

— SCALE:

Am
ount

$ 28,504
28,973
38,411
61,172
68,002
112,615
117,724
170,887
172,455
183,257
212,164
316,885
367,259
382,637
383,709
400,205
430,131
438,567
452,693
455,758
530,167
568,103
653,464
679,475
720,967
782,735
786,088
889,862
991,297
1,079.966
1,162,944
1,335,234
1,395,284
1.622,919
1,819.561
2,039,938
2,163,845
3,031,014
3,092,332
3,112,468
4,347,119
4,.K
04,407
4.720,951
7,306,692
7,536,682
7,707,630
9,936,662

$ 2 , 000,000

$4,000,000
U n d e r $1 p e r C a p ita _S 3
$ 1 and under $2

Ala. . .31 Mo... 9
A rk ...34 Mont. .43
Ariz. .44 Nebr. .18
Cal... .10 Nev.. .37
Colo. .82 N.II.. .26
Conn. .16 N.J.. .12
Dak.. .38 N.MexA6
Del.. .39 N.Y.. . 1
D. a ...30 N.C.. .33
Fla... .41 Ohio. . 2
G a... .25 Oreg. .36
Ida.. .45 Pa.. . 4
111.... 3 it.i... .27
Ind.. . 6 S.C.. .35
Iowa . 7 Tenn. .21
Kans. .13 Tex.. .22
K y... .17 Utah. .40
La... .28 V t... .29
Me... .19 V a ... .20
Md... .15 Wash 42
Mass. . 5 W.Va 23
Mich. . 8 Wis.. .11
Minn. .14 Wyo. .47
Miss. .24

$ ,0 0 C
I0 0 ,C 0

$
4
$
6
$
8
$10

Expenditure Per Capita o f School

$ 1 0 an d over

Population, by States, 1880.

Per
■ n State C
la k
apita

SCALE:

$2 per Capita.

47 N. Mex $ 0 81
46 N.C...
85
45 Ala. .. l oa
44 S.C. .. 1 12
43 Ga.... 1 28
42 Fla. .. 1 83
41 Ark... 1 44
40 Tex... 1 51
39 La. ... 1 52
38 Tenn.. 1 52
37 Jliss. . 1 76
36 V a.... 1 61
35 K y.— 2 13
34 W. Va. 3 49
33 Utah.. 3 56
32 Del. .. 4 04
31 Mo.... 4 41
30 Md. .. 4 99
29 Ida. .. 5 13
28 v t . ... 5 25
27 Wis... 5 33
26 Wash.- 5 51
25 Dak... 5 57
24 Kans.. 5 76
23 P a.... 5 80
22 Me.... 5 94
21 Oreg.. 6 33
20 N.J. .. 6 45
19 Mich.. 6 70
18 Minn.. 6 63
17 N.II... 7 16
16 Ind. .. 7 26
15 N.Y... 7 43
14 Wyo. . 7 59
13 Ariz. . 7 72
12 R.I---- 7 78
11 111___ 7 99
10 Nebr.. 7 99
9 Ohio.. 8 10
8 Iowa . 8 52
7 Conn.. i: 59
19
6 D.C. .
5 Mont.. 1(J 16
4 Colo. . ii 00
3 Mass.. n 04
2 Cal. .. 14 01
1 Nev... 18 70

* In the exhibit on “ Expenditure per Capita, by States,” the
total outlay is apportioned among all children of school age,
without regard to attendance. In the exhibit on city schools
the expenditure for grounds and buildings is deducted, and that
for salaries and incidentals is apportioned among actual at­
tendants only.

IN D E X .

$20

Ratio o f Enrollment and Average Attendance, to Legal

(Based on the Report of the Commissioner of Education.)
Attend. Enroll.

27*
26
26
27
31
29
31
30
34
39
32
31
34
34
52
50
80

Ala. . .45 Mo— .31
Ariz. .13 Mont. . 5
Ark.. .41 Nebr. .10
Cal.. 2 Nev.. . 1
Colo. . 4 N.H.. .17
Conn. . 7 N .J.. .20
Dak. ..25 N.Mex 47
Del. . .32 N.Y.. .15
D.C.. . 6 N.C.. .46
Fla. . .42 Ohio. . 9
Ga... .43 Oreg. .21
Ida. . .29 P a ... .23
111.. . .11 R.I... .12
Ind. . .16 S.C. . .44
Iowa . 8 Tenn. 38
Kans. .24 Tex. .40
Ky. - -.35 Utah. .33
La. .. .39 Vt. .. .28
Me... .22 Va... .36
Md... .36 Wash -26
Mass. . a W.Va.34
Mich. .18 Wis.. .27
Minn .1* Wyo. .14
Miss. .37

Note.—'This exhibit has the disadvantage
of the varying basis of legal school age. For
example, the attendance and enrollment of
Boston and Providence are compared with a
school population covering only ten years—
viz., from five to fifteen—
giving them a de­
cided advantage over New York, Brooklyn,
Buffalo, and Albany, in which comparison is
made with a school population covering fif­
teen years.

School Population, in 17 Cities, 1880.

N ew Orleans, L a . .
Buffalo, N .Y .........
Albany, N .Y .........
Detroit, Mich........
Cincinnati, Ohio----Louisville, K y ..
Chicago, 1 1
1 ......
Milwaukee, W is ... .
Cleveland, O h io----Brooklyn, N .Y ..
St. Louis, M o..........
Jersey City, N .J—
Baltimore, Md........
N ew York, N . Y . ...
San Francisco, Cal..
Providence, R .I . .. .
Boston, Mass. .

,

31*
33
40
40
41
43
45
53
55
55
73
104

INDEX.
P ennsylvania .
New Y ork.
Malden................. 28
Marlborough....... 138
. 38 Allegheny............114
Newton............... 6 Auburn............. 83 Allentown........... 165
Northampton---- 121 Binghamton...... .106 Altoona...............157
Pittsfield...............66 Brooklyn.......... -1U8 Carbondale......... 166
Salem.................. 9
- 18 Erie...................... 78
Somerville_
_
Cohoes.............. . 25 Harrisburg......... 107
Springfield............32 Elmira............... . 76 Lebanon..............151
Taunton................56 Hornellsville---- . 87 Meadville............127
Woburn................74
.118 Norristown...........59
Colorado.
Worcester............ 50 Kingston........... - 80 Philadelphia........128
Lockport...............46 Pittsburgh............70
M ichigan.
Ottumwa............ 67
Connecticut.
Reading...............145
Ann Arbor.......... 109 Long Island City. 42 Scranton.............139
Kansas.
Newburgh.............90
Bridgeport.......... 68
Meriden.............. 77 Leavenworth___ 154 Bay City............... 40 New York............. 14 Shamokin........... 162
New Haven.........64 Topeka................153 Detroit..................79 Oswego................149 Shenandoah........ 161
East Saginaw___ 73 Poughkeepsie_ 69 Williamsport....... 116
_
K entucky .
Grand Rapids___ 81 Rochester.............51 York....................158
Delaware .
Louisville............112 Muskegon............. 92 Rome...................110 R hode I sland.
Wilmington........ Ill Newport............. 143 Saginaw.............. 135 Saratoga Springs. 85
Syracuse............. 104 Newport.............. 27
M innesota.
Dist. of Columbia . Paducah..............142
T ennessee.
L ouisiana.
Minneapolis..........45 Troy......................47
Georgetown........39
Utica.....................53 Chattanooga....... 152
Washington........ 39 New Orleans.......88 Stillwater............ 23
Knoxville............ 132
St. Paul................ 16
Ohio.
M aine.
F lorida.
Memphis_______ 133
Akron................... 89 Nashville.............100
Missouri.
Auburn............... 140
Hannibal............. 144 Canton................ 124'
T exas .
Georgia.
Bangor................159 St. Joseph............. 84 Cincinnati............. 22
St. Louis................62 Cleveland............. 44 San Antonio........130
Columbus............. 24
Portland............. 57
V irginia .
I llinois.
Nevada.
Dayton................. 37
Rockland............ 160
Belleville.............125
Virginia City....... 1 Fremont............... 33 Alexandria..........131
Maryland .
Danville.............. 163
Hamilton.............. 72
New H ampshire . Ironton................137 Lynchburg........... 75
_
Dover................... 82 Mansfield_ ____ 95 Richmond........... 134
Manchester.......... 55
W isconsin.
Elgin..................97
M assachusetts. Nashua............... 148 Portsmouth.........103
Sandusky............ 101 Fond du Lac....... 122
Galesburg........... 126
Springfield............48 Janesville............ 120
Jacksonville........54 Boston................ 3
N ew J ersey .
Ottawa............... 117 Cambridge..........17 Elizabeth..............93 Steubenville........129 Milwaukee........... 58
Quincy................123 Chicopee..-........ 4 Newark................ 61 Tiffin...............
Racine.................. 94
Fitchburg........... 35
Toledo.............
Rockford............ 147
Watertown..........102
Rock Island........ 86 Gloucester.......... 113 New Brunswick.. 105 Zanesville............. 20
Haverhill.............26 Orange..................12
Oregon.
I ndiana.
Holyoke..............13 Paterson.............115
Fort Wayne........ 29 Lynn................... 60 Trenton................52 Portland.............. 11

Indianapolis........43
A rkansas .
91
Little Rock.........119 Logansport......... 98
South Bend____
California .
Terre Haute........65
Los Angeles........ 15
I owa.
Oakland..........— 7 Burlington.......... 34
Sacramento........ 2 Council Bluffs_ 30
_
San Francisco---- 8
Stockton............. 5 Davenport......... -4 1
Des Moines......... 19

C O PYR IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C a iB N £ R 'S SONS.-

EDTJCATIOIT

P l a t e 54
Number of Students,

59,594.

UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES

Institutions,

364.
L O C A T IO N

AND

C L A S S IF IC A T IO N

(Based on the Report of the Commis­
sioner of Education.)
L

1880.
>rtland

WH
\C .

lu ffalo

ai

tana M )ia9
j)etrqit|

'

2-

Dubuque*

Qmahu^
L in coljf

)^ j»

LeavenwortI
Togelttft
KAN S.

\

Ratio o f Students in Collegiate
Departments to Total Pop­
ulation, by States,

/

1880.
R an k

--- r> '

La. ...
S.C. ..
Nebr..
Miss. .
Colo. .
v t . . ..
Ga....
W. Va.
Kans..
Ala. ..
A rk...
Del. ..
Minn..
Wis. ..
Va. . .
Tex...
P a ....
Ind. ..
N.J. ..
N.C...
Me....
Mich..
Ill......
N.Y...
N.H...
K y....
Iowa .
Mo....
Ohio..
V.C...

■

I
:

;.

j

C

*

1 to 5,000

:

.0 0 9
.0 2 5

. ~

INDEX.

1 t o 2,500

1 to 2,000

.0 3 3

1 t o 1,667

1

\

^Memphis

!-T;

'

1

qjjlUJlhta

X ittloR o ck

L „

...... : ________;
J---- -

Ala. ..29 Ky_ 18IN.C. ..19
_
Ariz. .39 La. ..38 Ohio.. 10
A rk .. .28 Me__ 18 Oreg.. 1
Cal. .. 7 Md. .. 5 Pa. ...22
Colo. .34 Mass.. GR.I__ 8
Conn.. 3 Mich..17 S.C. ..37
Dak. ..39 Minn. .26 Tenn.. 4
Del. ..27 Miss. .35 Tex...23
V.C... 9 Mo.. ..11 Utah.. 39
Fla. ..39 Mont. .39 Vt. ...33
Ga_ 32 Nebr. .36 Va_ 24
_
_
Ida. ..39 Nev...39 Wash.- 2
in .. ..i6 N.H... 14 W. Va.31
Ind. ..21 N.J. ..20 W is...25
Iowa.. 12 N.Mex 39 Wyo. .39
Kans..30 N.Y...151

1 t o 1,333

I

EX',

1 .Student to 10,000 Population

N o n e r e j>orted.

39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

T

Fejf~l r\

SCALE:

P er
C e n t.

S ta te .

-1 ’

. . ....... '

* .^N*s1iy111o
t £N o.>
N

\
!

ARK.

V

^Atlanta

J

L-leston,

*sf

KEY

aiontgouxery

•Shreveport

Non-Sectarian „ 84 Q

T, y

\

o° P '

Religious------ 276 (?)
Not Reported— 4 \

Students in Collegiate Departments o f 21 Leading

1 to 1,250
1 to 1,111
to 1,000

R . I ____

Cal. ..
Mass..
Md.... .122
Tenn..
Conn.. . 1 5 2

Lvestoa

*

Colleges and Universities, 1880.
SCALE;

College or University.

Hiram College............ H iram , O hio................
Canisius College.......... Buffalo, N. Y ..............
Lincoln University........ L incoln, III......................
Ind. Asbury University.. G reen castle, In d .........
Vassar College............. P o u gh k eep sie, N. Y .
State University of Iowa Iowa C ity, Io w a...........
Williams College...
W illiam stow n , M ass..
Rutherford College
H appy H om e, N. C ..
Dartmouth College
Hanover, N. f t ................ .. 247
Brown University------- P rovid en ce, R . I .........
O. Wesleyan University . D elaw are, O hio...........
C olum bia C o lle g e .............. New Y ork, N. Y ..........
Oherlin College............ O berlin, O h io ..............
Amherst College........... A m h erst, M ass............
University of Wisconsin. M adison, W is ................ ::: )
College of New Jersey... P rin ceto n , N. J ........... :
University of Michigan.. A nn A rbor, M ich . . . .
Coll, of City of New York New Y ork, N Y .......... f.-i
Baltimore City College .. B altim o re, M d..............
Y a le C o llege .
H arvard C o lleg e.

20 40 60 80100

2 0 0 Students in Collegiate Depts.

n il

20
0
00
600
700
800

New H aven, Conn—
C am b rid ge, M ass........

I to 500

W ash.-

O r e g ..

Number of Students,

25,780.

S U P E R IO R IN S T R U C T IO N
OF WOMEN.
J

Institutions,

227.

L O C A T IO N

AND

C L A S S IF IC A T IO N

(Based on the Report of the Commis- x
sioner of Education.)

HpSlL

1SBO.

/

>rtlana

IMinneapolis**

N H
llC fa a W5
nT ? ®
1

Milwaukee*

ira»to»*

Detroit!

D acinc
Dubuque*

C ievei
DesMbines

Lincoln*

|ND.
eolonihu.
J
idianaP011® wn.innatt .. {•

Leavenworth

R b °u
ic ja ?

Togel&.

--------------N a s h v ille

7 « U \

Qj
Ratio o f Students in Collegiate

Columbia
•c f

L ittle Roclc

fl

ARK.

.A tlanta

/

rleston,

Departments to Total Pop­
ulation, by States,

!

1880.

.Sl&eveport

j

KEY

« A LA ..

Montgomery-

Non-Sectarian _ . 6 9

ilank

34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13

12
11
10
9

«
7
e
6
4
3

2
1

State.

Per
Cent.

N o n e r e p orted.
.0 0 2
.0 0 3
.0 0 7
.0 1 2
.0 1 7
.0 2 1
.0 2 2
.0 2 3
.0 2 4
.0 2 5
.0 2 6
.0 2 7
.0 2 8
.0 3 0
.0 3 2
.0 3 5
.0 3 6
.0 3 8
111_____ . 0 3 9
.0 4 2
.0 4 8
.0 5 3
.0 5 6
.0 5 6
.0 5 9
. .0 5 9
. . .0 6 5
.0 6 6
. .0 7 1
.0 7 4
.0 7 9
.0 8 2
-------- .1 0 1

Mich..
Ind. . .
Kans..
Iowa.Minn..
Wis...
Pa. ...
Cal. . .
N.J. . .
Del. . .
S.C. . .
La. ...
Vt. ...
Ohio..
Md.. .
Tex...
W. Va.
N.C.. .

Conn..
N.Y...
Me....
N.H...
Nev...
Mo....
Miss.
Ala.
V a ....
Oreg.
Mass..
Tenn..
K y....
Ga

ggpm

SCALE:

m

1 Student to 10,000 Population.
IN D E X .

1 to 5,000
1 to 3,333
1 to 2,500
1 to 2,000
1 to 1,667
1 to 1,428
1 to 1,250
1 to 1,111

A la .. 7 Mo... 9
Ariz. 34 Mont. .34
A rk.. .34Nebr. .34
Cal. . .26 Nev. .10
Colo. .34 N.H.. .11
Conn. .14 N.J. . .25
Dak. . .34 N.Mex 34
Del. . .24 N.Y.. 13
D. C. ..34 N.C.. .16
Fla. . .34 Ohio. .20
Ga... 1 Oreg. 5
Ida. . .34 P a ... .27
111. -. .15 R.I... .34
Ind. . .32 S.C. . .23
Iowa .30 Tenn. 3
Kans. .31 Tex.. .18
Ky... 2 Utah. .34
L a... .22 v t,... .21
Me... .12 Va. . 6
Md. . .19 Wash -34
Mass. 4 W.Va 17
Mich. .33 Wis.. .28
Minn. .29 Wyo. .36
Miss. . 8

Jacksonvi

6

'i ' s ~

5

San Antonio

I to 1,000

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS.

O

Religious

'\ v 'v \ C W

®

—

-1 4 9

!Not Reported— 9

E D U C A T IO IT

P l a t e 55

Number of Students,

NORMAL SCHOOLS

43,077.
Institutions,

IN C L U D IN G N O R M A L D E P A R T M E N T S O F C O L L E G E S A N D
U N IV E R S IT IE S .
>

220.

1 %

L O C A T IO N

AND

C L A S S IF IC A T IO N .

jf

(Based on the Report of the CommisL
sioner of Education.)
>rtland

■ NUCH.

fa»aTtaPias
petro*"

Dbqe
uuu'

sp y

IO W A

[nns>

Lincoln* )

c.nno®®
Topeka

V^J\>£oulsvUle

KAN S.

[em p h is

^lurnbia.

Ratio o f Students to Total Popu­

• S .C -

lation, by States, 1880.
tlank

rlestOJ

Per

state.

Cent.

sc a l e

:

1 to 10,000 Population.

None reported.

M IS S .

(Shreveport

N.H...
Colo. .
Ohio..
Conn..

Vicksburg

KEY

AA
L ..

Montgomery

Under State Support a..84 ®

1 to 5,000

Under County Support-.1 Q

!■ l t o 3.333

ffe.-

Oreg..
Mich..
Ga. —
Tex...
Miss. .
La. ...
Utah..
Kans..
N .J...
V a....
Fla. ..
R.
Iowa..
Ind. ..
Ark...
Mo....
N.C...
Mass..
Ill___
Md....
Cal. ..
Nebr..
Me....
S. C. ..
Minn..
Ala. ..
Tenn..
W. Va.
N.Y...
Vt. ...
D.C. .
Wis...
Pa. ...

Mbbile

Under City Support.......21 ©

IN D E X

I to 2,500
1 to 2,000
1 to 1,607
!H

1 to 1,428

I—

lt o 1,250
1 to 1,111
I to 10,000
1 to 909

40
M

Ala. .. 8 Mo.... 18
Ariz. .40 Mont. .40
Ark. ..19 Nebr.. 12
Cal. ..13 Nev...40
Colo. .38 N.H...39
Conn.. 36 N.J. ..25
Dak. ..40 N.MexiO
Del. ..40 N.Y... 5
D.C... 3 N.C...17
Fla. ..23 Ohio.. 37
Ga----31 Oreg .33
Ida. ..40 Pa___1
111...... 15 R.
Ind. ..20 S. C. -.10
Iowa. .21 Tenn.. 7
Kans..26 Tex...30
Ky----35 Utah..2^
La. ...28 Vt. ... 4
Me....11 Va----24
Md— 14 Wash.-34
Mass.. 16 W.Va. 6
Mich. .32 Wis... 2
Minn.. 9 Wyo. .40
Miss. .29

Private Schools 114

San Antonio

I... .22

a. Certain public schools
receive support from two or
more sources, and are classi­
fied to indicate the chief
source of aid.

1 to 714
1 to 667

Number of Students,

IN S T IT U T IO N S FOR

110,277.

SECONDARY INSTRUCTION

Institutions,
1,264.

L O C A T IO N

AND

C L A S S IF IC A T IO N

(Based on the Report of the Commis­
sioner of Education.)

1 SSO.
>
rtlan cl

M inneapolis*'
W UCH.

Milwaukee;
•Racing

D etro it

r--------IO W A

«kecitj,.-/

O maha <f
S
Lincoln* )

?
IN . 1 oy'° ■ *?
O
idu E^ ,Clu * so rJ
Um 1 b na °
P8

KAN S,

Ratio o f Students to Total Popu­

Santa PJ f * }

lation, by States, 1880.
Rank

43
42
41
40
39
38
37

36
35

34
33
32

31
30
29
28

27
26
25
24
23
22

21
20

19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4

S ta te .
N one rejx

Per
Cent.

jrted.

Kans.. .0 2 9
Nebr.. . 0 4 0
La. ... .0 4 9
Mich.. .0 6 1
Ala. .. .0 8 2
Ark... . 0 8 3
Colo. . .0 8 7
Ohio.. .1 0 7
Wyo. . . 1 1 0
Mo. .. .1 2 1
V a.... .1 2 8
R.I— . 1 3 0
Ind. .. .1 3 4
Wash.- . 1 4 3
Mass.. .1 4 4
W. Va. .1 4 8
Pa. ... .1 4 8
Wis... .1 5 0
in___ .1 5 2
S.C. .. .1 6 2
Tex... . 1 7 2
N.C... . 1 8 9
Miss. . . 2 1 0
K y.... . 2 1 2
Md.... .2 4 1
•Minn.. .2 6 1
Iowa . .2 7 0
Me.... .2 9 5
Conn.. . 3 2 5
N.J. .. . 3 2 9
Del. .. . 3 3 2
Tenn.. .3 7 9
N.Y... , 3 t *
Fla. .. .4 0 1
Cal. .. .425:
N.H... .5 0 1
Ga.... .52c
V t.... .7 2 6
N. Mex .7 6 5
D.C..- .7 7 1

3
2
1 S S f::

;m phte

° Columbia-

v .»s.c.

SCALE:

1 Student to 10,000 Population.]
I

|

1 to 3,333

v -’ © : ' 9 .

to 2,000
1 to 1,428
Lto 1,000

Ala. . .38 Mo.- .33
Ariz. .43 Mont. .43
Ark.. .37 Nebr. .41
Cal.. . 8 Nev.. .43
Colo. .36 N.H.. . 7
Conn. .14 N .J.. .13
Dak.. .43 N.Mex: 4
Del. . .12 N.Y.. .10
D.C.. . 3 N.C.. .21
Fla. .. 9 Ohio. .35
Ga... . 6 Oreg. . 2
Ida. . .43 P a... .26
111.. ..24 R.I... .31
Ind. . .30 S.C. . .23
Iowa .16 Tenn. 11
Kans. .42 Tex.. .22
K y... .19 Utah. . 1
La. .. .40 Vt. .. . 5
Me... .15 V a... .32
Md... .18 Wash.-29
Mass. .28 W.Va .27
Mich. .39 Wis.. .25
Minn. .17 Wyo. .34
Miss. .20
1 1 —1

< rp j ■
cJ . v

rleston,

0

KEY
-

c

•i.o':-'
.v.'O:

o .

1

»Slireveport

------ --------- -

M IS S ,

^JV^cksburg

Non-Sectarian _488 0

M ontgom ery

Religious____ _561 Q

to 909
1 to 833
1 to 7
1 to 714
1 to 667
1 to 625
1 to 588
1 to 555
l t o 526

1 • J k BB
3 M TM
to

I to 500

I to 333

I to 2 5 0

Not Reported _ 215 Q

a. The Commissioners’ Re­
port says, “ Secondary in­
struction is an expression of
somewhat vague meaning in
the United States, compre­
hending all instruction in
other than e l e m e n t a r y
schools and that given in the
collegiate departments of
universities, colleges, and
professional schools.”
The report states that the
statistics do not include
“ high schools, preparatory
schools, and departments of
normal schools, and of in­
stitutions for superior in­
struction.”
I to 2 0 0

4-8$ in-.
H i in.

+- 4$ in.
T Gi in.
+ 22 in.

.8 4 0
1 .5 8 5

C O PYRIG H T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SONS.

EDTJCATION

P l a t e 56

STATISTICS OF SPECIAL SCHOOLS.
Number of Students:

__PREPARATORY.

In P rep, schools, a s p er )
m ap, 13,239; in Prep
of h ig h e r schools, 3

-CORLMJRCIAL AND BUSINESS.

Number o f Students,

LO C A T IO N OF

27,146.

Schools,

Institutions,

Total, as per Chart,

LOCATION
Schools,

162,

47,554.
Institutions,

125.

Ratio of Students to
Total Population,
by States,
1880.

Rank

State

40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4

A l a ....
D e l....
iW . V a.
V a. . . .
N.C. ..
M in n ..
N. J ---T ex. . .
M d .. . .
M ic h ..
A rk . . .
S . C ... .
P a ........
L a-----Ind. . .
K y. . . .
v t .........
K a n s ..
W is. . .
Mo___
M i88. . .
Nev. ..
W a sh . U ta h ..
Ill.........
Ga........
N .Y . ..
N ebr. .
C o lo ...
Iowa . .
Ohio ..
M e. . . .
Conn. .
M ass. .
T e n n ..
D .C. ..
Cal. . . .
3 R .I —
2 N .H ...
1 O reg. .

Per

Cent.
.021
.025
.030
.036
.036
.040
.041
.048
.061
.063
.065
.072
.077
.078
.078
.080
.087
.087
.088
.091
.093
.101
.110
.11(1
.112
.112
.119
.121
.122
.123
.127
.134
.139
.164
.181
.191
.209
.233
.248
.337

Ratio of Students
Total Population,
by States,
1880.
K«.k

State

Per
Cent

V a. . . .
29 M iss ...
28 T ex. . .
27 T e n n ..
26 K a n s ..
25 N ebr. .

.025

30

23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
1L
10
9
8
7
6
5

10 0
,0 0

M EDICAL

4 to 10,000
5 to 1 0 , 0 0 0

K v. ...

6 to 10,000
?to„10,000
8 to 10,000
9 to 10,000
10 to 1 0 , 0 0 0

, |

1 1 to 10,000
1 2 to 10,000

I

13 to 10,000

M d. ...

14 to 10,000
15 to 1 0 ,0 0 0

R .I —

Number of Commitments,

L O C A T IO N

LOCATION OF

11,921.

and Classification

Institutions,

3 to 10,000

W . V a.
M e. . . .
L a -----P a. . . .
N.H. ..
M ass. .
O h io . .
N .J ---M ich. .
Mo. . . .
N .Y. ..
I n d ....
W is. ..
A l a ....

1

14,006.

2.to 10,000

M in n ..
Iowa ..
4 C a l . . ..
3 I ll.........
2 D.C. ..

2 5 to

Number o f Students,

1,Student to 10,000 Pop,

.002
.008
.010
.011
.013
.015

W a sh .-

SCALE:

Institutions!

120.

68.

Ratio o f Students to1
Total Population,
by States,

Ratio o f Commitments
to Total Population,

1880.
Rank

State

25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17

A rk . . .
Conn. .
A la ---V a ........
S .C .—

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

by States,

Per

Cent.

1880.

.002
.003
.005
.007
.007

Rank

.021
C al. . . . .024

N .H ...
Iowa ..
M ass. .
Mo. . . .
K y. . . .
v t . . ..

P a ------

Per
Cent

Iowa . . .003
Ill......... .004
M in n .. .005

21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5

O reg. . .018
M e. . . .
T e n n ..

State

.005
.006
M e . . . . .006
I n d . . . . .007
N .H .. . .008
M o___ .008
L a ------ .009
P a ___ .011
W is. .. .012
N .J — .016

ft:::

O hio ..

M d. . . . .024

M ass. .
N.Y. ..
4 D .C . ..
3 C o n n ..
2 R .I .. . .
1 M ich . .

111..........

M ic h ..
Ohio ..
N .Y . ..
M d. . . .
D.C. ..

Number of Students In

KINDERGARTEN.

Number o f Scholars,

Collegiate Departments,

8,871.

11,584.

Institutions,

Institutions,

232.

( '

I

83.

Ratio of Students to'
Total Population,
b y States,
Ratio of Students to
Total Population,

1880.
Rank

State

Per
Cent

30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

N .C .. .
N ebr. .
A rk ---Ohio . .
I n d .. . .
S.C . . .
W is. ..

.001
.001
.002
.003
.004
.006
.007

by States,
1880.
Rank

State

Per

Cent.

26 N ebr. . .002

25 L a .........
24 N .C. . .
23 N.H. . .
22 Iow a . .
21 I n d ....
20 S .C . . .
19 K ans. .
18 M ich . .
17 F la. . . .
16 O hio . .
15 M d ... .
14 D el. . .
13 C o n n ..
12 M e----11 M in n ..
10 P a ------

T e x ....
i n .......... .009
G a........ .009
V t......... .011
Mo___ .011
.011
f t . ™ .m i
Iowa . . .013
M ich . . .014
M e ... . .017
C a l.. .. .019
N .J ---- .021
M is s ... .021
K ans. . .027
N.H. .. .027
Oonn. . .030
.034
M ass. . .037
V a ........ .039
N.Y. .. .042
Md. . . . .046
Pa........ .054
C o lo .. . .058

SCALEi

S u p erio r in stru ctio n of wom en
P rep arato ry s c h o o ls ...................
Seco n d ary in stru c tio n .................
Schools of th e o lo g y .....................
Schools of sc ie n c e .........................
U n iv ersities a n d co lleg es..........

$

100,000

11,400
22,583
40,885
92,372
111,584

.$0,00 *300,000
200

4 to 10,000

.011

7 to 10,000
8 jto 10,000
to 10,000
10 to 10,

*400,000

*5 0 0 ,0 0 0

* 1, 0 0 0 , 0,00

*1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0
*

Congressional Land Grants, 1785 to June 3 0 , 1880s.
No. of Acres

2, 000,000

*2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

SCALE:
5,000,000 A cres.

Object

L S tu d e n t to
10,000 P op.
2 to 10,000
3 to 10,000

BENEFACTIONS,

Donations, by Classes o f Institutions, 1880.
Amount

SC A L E j . _
_

.012
.013
.014
9 111.......... .017
8 R .L . .. .023
7 N .Y . .. .026
6 W is___
5 M ass. .
4 C al. . . .
3 N .J .,..
2 M o___
1 D .C . -

The c ir c le O in-»
d icates an. endow­
m ent- b y n a tio n a l
la n d g r a n t s

Class

.002
.004
.004
.005
.005
.006
.006
.007
.007
.008
.008
.010

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

2 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

30,000,000

35,000,000

40,000,000

1,165,520
For a g ric u ltu ra l a n d m ech an ica l c o lle g e s .. 9,600,000
For pu b lic or com m on sc h o o ls .......................... 67,893,919
T o tal for e d u catio n a l pu rposes.......................... 78,659,439
C O PYBIO H T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S.

45,000,000

5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

55,000,000

00,000,000

65,000,000

70,000,000

7 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

EZDTJC^TIOISr

P l a t e 57

STATISTICS OF SPECIAL SCHOOLS. —Continued.
Number of Students,

D EA F AND DUMB.

6,657.

Number of Students,

LO C AT IO N

_
_

5,242.

Institutions,

LO C AT IO N
and Classification

Institutions,

56.

TH EO LO G IC AL

142.

Ratio of Students
Total Population,
by States,

1880 .
Hack

State

34 M e .. ..
33 S .C . . .
32 D ak . ..
31 M is s ...
30 L a ____
29 G a........
28 A la . . .
27 T e x .. .
26 V a ........
25 R .I . - 24 T e n n ..
23 N.C---22 K y .. . .
21 O reg. .
20 A r k .. .
19 W .V a .
18 M ass. .
17 P a -----16- Mo........
15 Iow a ..
14 C a l . . . .
13 O hio . .
12 K a n s ..
11 N ebr. .
10 M d .. . .
9 M in n ..
8
7 In d. . .
6 I ll.........
5 C o lo ...
4 M ich . .
3 N .Y . ..
2 C o n n ..
1 D.C. . .

Ratio of Students to
Total Population,
by States,

Per
Cent

1880 .

.003
.003
.004
.004
.004
.004
.005
.006
.006
.(<07
.007
.007
.008
.009
.010
.010
.012
.( 12
.012
.012
.014
.014
.016
.016
.017
.018
.019
.019
.019
.024
.025
.042
074

Per
Cent.

Bank

Number of Students,

LOCATION O F

3,134-,

Schools,

T ex. . .
N ebr. .
M ich . .
C a l.. . .
In d . . .
M is s .. .
A la. . .
N .C—
Mo----L a -----M e___
Ga____
Ohio . .
M in n ..
S .C . . .
V a .........
K y. . . .
T enn. .
P a ........
N .Y. . .
M ass. .
I ll.........
C o n n ..
W is .. .
N. J . . .
M d ... .

.001
.001
.001
.001
.003
.004
.004
.006
.006
.006
.007
.007
.008
.008
.009
.010
.011
.013
.013
.013
.014
.017
.022
.<25
.026
.040
.041
D . C ... .048

H om an C ath o lic-21
B a p tis t________ 20
P r e s b y te r ia n ----- 16
P ro t. E piscopal... 15
C o n g re g a tio n a l.. 11
Jle th . E piscop al_.ll
E v. L u th eran ___ 10
C h ristian ______ .5
L u th e ra n _______ 4
A ll others______ 20

*
*
u
'7
°
•

Number o f Students,

^
\

Bute

28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

LO C AT IO N

2,032.

\

Institutions,

Institutions,

48.

31.

Ratio of Students
Total Population,
by States,

Ratio of Students to
Total Population,
b y States,

1880 .
Rank

8Ute

2 1 ,N .C .. .
20 M is s ...
19 K a n s ..
18 A l a .. .
17 P a ........
16 Ohio ..
15 K y . . . .
14 m . . . . .
13 W is. . .
12 T e n n ..
11 M o.. ..
10 M d - . .
9 L a -----8 V a .. . .
7 C o n n ..
6 I o w a ..
6 N .Y . ..
4 M ass. .
3 C a l- ..
2 M ic h ..
1 D .C .. .

1880 .
Rank

Per

Cent.

.001
.001
.001
.001
.003
.003
.003
.004
.005
.005
.005
.006
.006
.008
.010
.011
.013
.017
.020

1 Student to
10,000 Pop.
8,to 10,000
3 to 10,000
4 to 10,000
5 to 1 0 ,0 0 0

1 to 10,000
7 to 10,000
8 to 10,000
9 to 10,000

V.

10,to 1 0 , 0 0 0 ''

11 to 10,000
ia to io.o o
o
13,to 10,000
14 to 10,000
15 to 1 0 ,0 0 0

SUte

Per
Cent.

24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
X

S C A L E !>

T e n n ..
S .C . - V a ........
M is s ...
L a .........
W . V a.
P a .........
M inn. .
Ga.........
C a l....
A r k .. .
N ebr. .
M o.. . .
K y. . . .
III. . . . .
T e x .. .
O hio ..
K a n s ..
W is .. .
Iow a ..
I n d ....
N.Y. ..
M a s s...
Md. ...

.001
.001
.002
.002
.002
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.003
.004
.004
.004
.004
.005
.005
.005
.006
.006
.006
.007
.007
.007

RETROSPECT.

Selected Ratios o f Increase, 1872 to 1880.

SCALEl
20% Increase.

40*

P u b lic school ex p en d itu re
P u b lic school in co m e.........
School p o p u la tio n ................
T o tal p o p u la tio n ....................
F em a le te a c h e r s ...................
T o tal te a c h e rs ........................
Sch o o l en ro llm en t................
D aily a tte n d a n c e ...................
M ale te a c h e r s .......................
P u p ils in p riv a te sch o o ls..
P erm a n e n t school fu n d __

10 *
0
120*

140*
160*
180*
200 *
220*

fatio o f Increase in Enrollment, by C lasses o f Institutions, 1871 to 1880

240*

260*
280*

B lin d b ...................................................
P rep arato ry (from 1873) c ..............
U n iv ersities a n d c o lle g e s ............
T o ta l p o p u latio n ..............................
S eco n d ary in stru c tio n ...................
C ity schools (from 1876) c ..............
Theology...........................
L a w ........................................ - ...............
D eaf an d d u m b .................................
M ed icin e, d e n tistry , an d p h arm acy
S u p erio r in stru ctio n of wom en —
R efo rm schools........ .............................
Sch ools of s c ie n c e ...............................
N orm al schools........................................
C om m ercial a n d b u sin ess colleges
K in d erg a rten (from 1874) c

300*

310*

360*
380*
400*

420*

440*

Total Enrollment o f Students, by Classes o f Institutions, 1880.

Class
B lin d .....................................................
L a w ............................................ ...........
T h eo lo g y............................................
D eaf a n d d u m b .................... ..
K in d e rg a rte n ...................................
S c ie n c e ................................................
R efo rm ................................................
P re p a ra to ry ......................................
M ed icin e, d e n tistry , an d ph ar.
S u p e rio r in stru ctio n of wom en
C o m m ercial a n d b u s in e s s ........
U n iv ersities a n d co lle g e s..........

SC A L ■Ej
18,000 S t u d e n t s .

Students

20.000

10,0 00

2,032
3,134
5,242
6,657
8,871
11,584
11,921
13,239
14,006
25,780
27,146
43,007
59,594

40,000

50 ,0 0 0
60,0 00

f 0,000

0,0 00

0 0 ,0 0 0

\

1

Ratio o f Population to Students Enrolled, by Classes o f Institutions, 1880.
sc a l e

Class

Ratio

A ll p u b lic schools in th e U . S C ity p u b lic schools........................
Seco n d ary in stru c tio n .................
U n iversities an d co lle g e s...........

5
29
455
842
1,164

C om m ercial a n d b u sin ess..........
S u p erio r in stru ctio n of wom en
M ed icin e, d e n tistry , a n d phar.
P re p a ra to ry .......................................
R efo rm ................................................

1,946

■

1,000 Persons to each Student Enrolled.
2000
3,000
4 000

5 ,0 0 0

6,000

7,000

8,000

00
0

1 ■0 0 °
0

11,000

12)l
1,000

13,000

K in d e r g a r te n .................................
D eaf an d d u m b ..............................
T h eo lo gy............................................
L a w .......................................................
B lin d ....................................................
CO PYRIG H T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E H 'S SONS,

14,000

15,000

16,000

17,ooo

j gooo

19,000

2 0 ,0 0 0

21,000

oo non

22,000

23>000

25,000

V I I —R e LIGION.
I N D E X TO P L A T E S .

METHODIST.

BAPTIST.

PRESBYTERIAN .. Plate 58

T o ta l M e m b e r s h ip ; R a tio to P o p u la tio n .

LUTHERAN.
TIONAL.

THE BRETHREN.
REFORMED IN AMER­
ICA. FRIENDS. M ORM ON...................... Plate 60
R a tio to T o ta l P o p u la tio n .

CHRISTIAN.
CONGREGA­
EPISCOPAL................................. Plate 59

UNIVERSALIST. CHURCH OF GOD. UNI­
TARIAN.............................................................Plate 61

T o ta l M e m b e r s h ip ; R a tio to P o p u la tio n .

UNITED BRETHREN. REFORMED IN THE
UNITED STATES.......................................... Plate 60
R a tio to T o ta l P o p u la tio n .

R a t io to T o ta l P o p u la tio n .

MORAVIAN.

UNITED EVANGELICAL
EVANGELICAL
ASSOCIATION.................................................Plate 60

R a t io to T o ta l P o p u la tio n .
C o m p a r is o n o f T o ta ls .
S u m m ary.

R a t io to T o ta l P o p u la tio n .

T h e P lates. — The
religious

plates relating to the

denominations

are

based

upon

NEW JERUSALEM ...................... Plate 61

many duplications, but not, probably, to an

families which are in any way connected or

extent

the

affiliated with it, the adult membership may be

sufficient

materially to

reduce

statistics collected for this work by W . H.

aggregate.

O f the total number above given,

estimated, on the two-fifths basis employed in

DePuy,

They are the result

undoubtedly the great majority are adults, but

the case of the Protestant sects, as approxim­

of an effort to obtain the correct numerical

as it is common in many denominations, and

ately 2,548,335.

strength of the various religious denominations

particularly so in the largest, to admit to

above given is, however, directly comparable

in the United States.

membership

with the number estimated as within the range

D.D.,

LL.D .

In all cases, where

children

of tender

years, this

The total number of adherents

official returns by the churches or by state

class must form a notable proportion of the

of Protestant church influence.

authorities were wanting, or were of doubtful

whole.

which is slightly less than twenty-four millions,

This number,

character, the facts were obtained from the

Considering, however, only the adult mem­

added to the number of Catholic adherents,

most intelligent and reliable authorities within

bers of the family as being connected with

makes a total of about 30,000,000, or three-

the several denominations.

It is thought that,

the church, the remaining three members of

fifths

taken as a whole, the figures are more nearly

the average family of five are children, who

country, which may fairly be considered as

correct than any similar body of statistics ever

are, through their parents, brought under the

the number which are within the pale of the

before given to the public.

teachings of the church.

Christian church, or under its influences.

Dr.

D ePuy

explains

that

the

Roman

Therefore, while nine

of the

aggregate

population

of the

and a half millions is the number of church

the

members, the number of those under church

D e n o m i n a t i o n s —The

number of its communicants, and that the

influence is about two and one-half times that

religious discussion and thought in the United

number of its clergy, given in the summary,

number, or nearly twenty-four millions.

This

States, united with the multifarious origin of

is taken from Spofford’s American Almanac,

is undoubtedly a very liberal estimate, as no

its people, has produced a great diversity of

as are also the statistics of the several Advent

allowance is here made for duplications, or for

religious beliefs.

denominations, since no satisfactory data, by

those whose membership has actually lapsed,

America has been called “ the hot-bed

states, could be obtained regarding them.

while their names are still borne upon church

religious sects.”

rolls, nor for children twice reckoned.

distinct sects, each having considerable mem­

Catholic Church

makes

no report of

C h u r c h M e m b e r s h ip .— The

freedom of

Indeed, on this account,
of

No fewer than twenty-two

total

From this estimate it appears that about

bership, are in existence, while many of these

number of church members in the country,

48 per cent., or nearly one-half the population,

sects are divided into numerous sub-sects,

exclusive of Roman Catholics, is 9,517,945, or

is represented in Protestant churches, either

differing from one another upon minor points

nearly 19 per cent, of the population.

in its membership directly, or through

of doctrine.

O f this

large number, doubtless a certain proportion
(it is impossible to estimate its magnitude)

the

heads of families.

The following table shows the proportion

The Roman Catholics claim 6,370,838 adher­

which each of these twenty-two Protestant

are church members merely in name, while,

ents in the country.

A s this church numbers

sects contains of the entire church membership,

in addition, the list unquestionably contains

among its adherents all the members of those

both exclusive and inclusive of the Roman

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

lx ii

Catholic membership; also, the ratio of the

all the Protestant church membership of the

membership of the Jewish church even less,

latter and of the Jewish church to the total

country.

while that of the Swedenborgian, or “ New

membership:

denominations,
States
P ercentage
o f C hurch
M em bers .

P ercentage
of C hurch
M em bers .

Not only are these the leading
at

numerically, in

large, but

in

the

Church,” forms less than one-tenth of one per

United

nearly all of the

cent.

0.94

acter of their membership, or for other reasons,

mainly for the purpose of indicating the prin­
cipal denominations of each state, shows, under

small membership.

Thus, the Congregational

the head of each denomination, the proportion

Including
Roman
Catholic.

which, by reason of the high intellectual char­

Except
Roman
Catholic.

D E N O M IN A T IO N S .

D istrib u tio n o f th e D en o m in a­
tions. — The following table, introduced

are of great importance, have unexpectedly

D E N O M IN A T I O N S .

Except
Roman
Catholic.
Including
Roman
Catholic.

states individually.

M ethodist............................ 3 4 -5 3

27.23

Adventist........................

20.14

Reformed in A m erica.. 0.81

On the other hand, many denominations,

O.64

0.74

Roman Catholic.................
Baptist.................................. 2 5 -5 3
Presbyterian......................

9 -3 °

7 -3 4

Friends............................ 0.78

0.62

Lutheran..............................

5.98

4 -7 2

M ormon.........................

0.76

0 .6 0

denomination, which, throughout New England,

which the membership of that denomination

Christian..............................

5 .8 5

4.62

Universalist.................... 0.38

0.30

is very influential, contains but little over four

bears to the population, in each state.

Congregational...................

4.04

3.19

W innebrennarian........

0.21

0.17

Episcopalian......................

3 -5 4

2 .7 9

U nitarian.......................

0.20

0.16

per cent, of the whole Protestant membership;

final column shows the proportion which the

United Brethren...............

1.63

1.29

Moravian........................

0.17

0.13

the Episcopal church has but about three and

total church membership (excepting Catholics)

Reformed in United States

1.62

1.28

Jewish............................. O.I4

O.II

U nited Evangelical...........

1.52

1.20

Swedenborgian............

0.05

one-half per cent.; the Friends less than one

of each state bears to the population.

Evangelical A ssociation ..

1.05

0.83

0.06

The

per cent., and the Mormons, who, in the minds

It appears from this table that in New

of alarmists, threaten the prevailing civil and

England and the Southern states, the num­

religious institutions, constitute even a smaller

ber of denominations is relatively small, as

Protestants, and the Baptists

proportion. The Unitarians, who, to many, rep­

compared with the remainder of the North

more than one-fourth, the two denominations

resent the advance guard of religious thought,

Atlantic

together contributing over sixty per cent, of

form but two-tenths of one per cent.; the

group.

8 .9 6

....

•65

3 -2 5
i -73

• 29

1 .3 2

....

•1 3

.8 8

.l6

.0 7

....

C o n n e c t i c u t ..............................................

4 .2 4

3 -5 9

.1 4

.1 8

.1 2

N e w Y o r k ..................................................

4 .6 1

2 -49

2 .6 7

.8 7

.1 2

N e w J e r s e y ...............................................

7-1 3

2 .9 1

4 .1 1

•73

....

P e n n s y l v a n i a ............................................

4 .4 8

i -75

3-91

2 .9 0

•3 1

12-57

i- S 8

2 .6 7

.0 8

4

Christian.

Lutheran.

Presbyterian.

5 -3 4

A ll Denominations
(except Roman
Catholic).

....

2 .3 1

Central

N ew Jerusalem.

2 .3 1

•15

.I O

Northern

Moravian.

1 .8 8

2 .8 7

the

Unitarian.

5- i4

Winnebrennarian.

....

....

•1 3

2 .7 2

Universalist.

••••

.9 6

2-51

5 -2 i
3 -7 6

Mormon.

6 .0 5

•59
•99

and

. 20

6 .4 9

Friends.

•25

2 . IO

3 -3 3

.O I

Reformed in
America.

. 22

....

•II

.0 4

Dunkards.

....

••••

.11

.1 9

Evangelical
Association.

Reform ed o f the
United States.

....

• • ..

....

United
Evangelical.

United
Brethren.

....

....

5 -6 8

A N D T E R R IT O R IE S .

Protestant
Episcopal.

....

3 -9 8

STATES

group,

•32

Baptist.

of all

Methodist.

third

Congregational.

The Methodists constitute more than one-

N o rth A tla n tic .
M a i n e ...................................................
N e w H a m p s h i r e ....................................

3 .6 6

V e r m o n t .....................................................
M a s s a c h u s e t ts

.......................................

R h o d e I s l a n d ...........................................

.0 8

....

.0 6

•°5
•55

. OI
....
. 02

.l6

....

•°5

....

.. ..

I 4 -3 I
1 8 .7 9

....

1 4 .1 9

....

••••

. 08

•5 1

•3 °
. 08

••••

••••

. 09

36

. 62

....

. 07

....

....

.24

. 22

. 09

....

•03

....

....

....

I3-I5
1 2 .6 5

.14

. 02

....

....

2 0 .6 6

.0 7

•13

.0 2

.0 2

.O I

I 5*°3

•03
.0 4

.02

•05

. OI

i

.1 9

.O I

•15

.O I

....

. 04

....

. 02

•5 2
. 07

.1 1

•03

.01

•9 1
1.74

. IO

1 .6 8

.0 6

•75

•47

•05

.1 2

•°5

.IO

8-S7
18 .4 4

S o u th A t la n t ic .
D e l a w a r e ....................................................
M a r y l a n d ....................................................

IO .9 9

.9 1

•9 4

I -55

•29
• 12

D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b i a ..........................

7 -°5

4 .6 8

2.05

I.II

.19

8 .7 2

W e s t V i r g i n i a .........................................

00

W

V i r g i n i a .......................................................
N o r t h C a r o l i n a .......................................

I 3 -3 6

S o u t h C a r o lin a

.....................................

G e o r g i a ........................................................
F l o r i d a ........................................................

....
• 02

i -35
1 .8 8

....

2 .7 7

....

•30

13 -8 7

1 .8 1

.8 2

1 .0 7

• 33
.0 2

4 -4 3

1 .4 9

•55
•49

1 .2 8

.O I

1 .1 9

.0 2

.4 0

•85

•37
•3 °
1.3 0

1 2 .6 9

1 .6 5

....

1 5 -5 4

1 4 .1 7

.2 8

.0 2

•45

15-33

i -55
.6 7

•75

10 .9 3

•II

.6 4

.OOI

.2 8

1 6 .3 2

6-95

•56

•03

•3 4

•03

•57

....

1 5 -9 4

13.11

. 80

•II

•63

6 .2 6

•45

.0 6

.1 1

.1 4

T exas

.........................................................

7 .9 2

6 .8 0

1 .2 3

....

I .O I

.0 2

A r k a n s a s ................................... ..................

8 .2 0

6 .7 1

T e n n e s s e e ..................................................

IO.O9

7-65

•3 i
2 .8 1

.1 0

•35

•73
2 .5 0

K e n t u c k y ....................................................

9 .0 4

10 .4 2

1 .6 7

.0 7

O h i o ...............................................................

6 .6 4

i.8 r

2 .6 4

2 .2 0

I n d i a n a .......................................................

8 .20

2 .3 1

1 .7 7

1 .6 9

I l l i n o i s .........................................................

4 .7 1

2 .5 0

2 .4 6

2 .0 5

i -95
1.0 8

•°3
.1 0

....

L o u i s i a n a ...................................................

8 -7 3
4 -5 8

• 27
.1 4

....

••••

• IO

•25
.1 8

. 06

10 .8 8

• 17
.7 0

....

•5 8
....
.0 6
....

....
• i5

....

....

....

•03
. 04

•05
. 06

•3 °
....

•13
....

.O I

•°5

....

•25

• OI

....

....

•54

. OI

. OI

....

....

•25
....

. OI

....

....

.0 0 3

....

....

. 02

....

....

. 02

....

. 02

. 04

....

•° 3

....
.0 2

....

....

1 8 .7 5
1 8 .7 8
1 8 .3 3
2 7 .8 6

. OI
....

1 8 .7 3

.14

....

....

....

•13
....

....

.. . .

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

••••

....

....

....

....

....

3 ° -5 7

••••

....

....

•03
. OI

....

....

....

....

....

2 0 .6 8

....

....

....

.0 0 2

....

....

12 .0 2

....

. OI

....

1 7 .2 9

. 08

....
.0 0 2

. OI
....
. OI

....

3 ° -3 5
3 2 -7 7

....

2 7 .9 9

....

2 4 .9 1

S o u th e r n C e n tr a l.
A l a b a m a ....................................................
M is s is s ip p i.................................................

.O I

....

....

.IO

•3 1
.2 4

....

....

....

.11

....

....

....

....

....

. OI

. 02

....

. 07

....

—

•°5
• 12

....

1 6 .3 0

—

.00 3

....

2 3 .9 2

....

.0 0 4

.00 2

. 04

.2 2

4 .8 2

•° 3

.2 4

•°5
.0 4

•° 5

•29

.004

1-51

•36

1 .2 2

I.O 9

.1 9

x .2 5

•3 4

•73
•77

•32

3 -9 8

•71
.0 9

•3 i

•39
.8 8

2 .7 6

•75

•50

.1 2

.8 8

•36

1 .0 4

.0 9

•5 i

•25
.0 7

•° 3
•33

.0 6

•°5

4 -5 6

.1 9

1 .0 7

.4 8

•43
.2 0

•39
•33

.0 8

1 .7 0

•29
.6 2

•05

.0 7

.O I

.0 4

....

7 .0 4

.2 0

.8 6

.6 2

•°5

.0 2

•°3
•5 4

.0 4

....

. 07

•13
.4 0

.0 0 3

....

•° 3

....
.00 3

.0 2

•° 3

. OI

27.11

N o rth e rn C e n tr a l.

M i c h i g a n ....................................................

4 .4 6

W i s c o n s i n ..................................................

2 .5 6

M i n n e s o t a .................................................

2 .8 6

i - 13
1 .0 7

I o w a ..............................................................

5 .2 0

1 .6 4

2 .60

•95

• 24

M i s s o u r i ......................................................

3 -8 9

4 .7 1

i -75
1 .6 2

1.18

1 . 12

2 .5 8

. l6

K a n s a s .........................................................

5-r6

1 .8 9

1 .2 6

I .7 0

•55

•57

•25
.1 9

.6 l
.8 9

•57

2-9 3

D a k o t a .........................................................

i -*5

•17

. 04

. OI

•13
.I O

.28
1 .0 7

.I O

.0 2

•°5

•03
.0 2

. 02

2 0 .1 8

•03
.0 2

....
• OI

2 3 -!3
1 7 .8 8

.O I

.O I

1 3 .2 6

.14

. OI

1 3 .0 4

....

. 08

. OI

1 4 .9 1

. 06

• OI

. 02

.0 4

. 04

• 44
.I O

•33

.41

....

•03

•63

.O I

.1 1

....

. 02

. 02

. 02

. OI

.0 0 4

.6 4

.0 4

.2 7

.4 0

....

• 34
.O I

. 01

. 06

. OI

•OI

.0 0 3

.0 9

.0 4

1 3 -2 7
1 4 .7 8

•03

4 -5 0

I *I 7
•5 4

I-I5
.2 9

3 .8 6

2 -95

.6 9

•33

.6 6

•17
.2 1

• l6

•5 °

•3 °

.8 7

•29

.1 4

.4 8

N e b r a s k a ...................................................

.7 6

.0 0 3

•2 5
. 26

•15

•2 7

•55

....

•7 i
1.17

....

•45

. 22

2-5 3

....

•51
....

. 9O

.21

.11

....

....

•S2
.12

....

....

....

• i5
....

•47

.2 1
.18

•32
. OI

. 07

.0 0 4

....

—

....

....

1 4 .3 8

....

....

i -57
....

....

. 04

—

—

15-77
1 5 .2 8

W e s te r n .
W y o m i n g ....................................................
C o l o r a d o ....................................................

1 .8 0

N e w M e x i c o ............................................

•30

A r i z o n a .......................................................

•° 3

U t a h .................................... *.......................

• i5
.1 1

•13
.0 7

.OOI

.I O

....

....

. 04

N e v a d a .......................................................

I .O I

•17

•39

....

....

. 04

I d a h o ............................................................

.6 8

1 .2 4

....

1 .4 6

•15
....

....

M o n ta n a ......................................................

•1 3
....

1 .7 2

•56

1 .8 4

I-L 3
2 .7 2

W a s h i n g t o n ..............................................

•63
.0 2

•49

O r e g o n .........................................................

3- i7
3 -7 8

1 .6 9

1.0 3

C a l i f o r n i a ....................................................

1 .9 8

.7 0

•95

• 17
•27
• 29

•63

....
.IO

....

....

....

....

1 8 .7 7

. 02

7 .6 6

....

•.•

....

.OOI

....

....

....

•03
....
....

1 2 .4 8

....

1 2 .7 3

....

3 9 .2 8

•° 9

....

....

....

....

....

•43

....

....

....

....

....

....

3 8 .6 0

•5 4

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

1 8 .4 1

....

.8l

....

....

....

•25
....

....
....

....

....

....

• 32

....

....

. OI

....

•57

....

.76

.. . .

....

•4 4

.6 l

•35
•53

• 27
.2 8

•52

•47

.0 7

•° 9

....

.14

•33

. 08

.O I

•°5

.0 2

...

.40
•03
.O I

....

—
....

2 -15
2 1 .6 9

.0 7
....

4 .4 8

. 02

. 06

8 .3 0

. OI

•03

1 1 .9 7

•03

•03

• 02

5-8 7

RELIGION,
D istrib u tio n b y States.—in

the New

The very small

lxiii

church membership of

and accordingly it is most developed in the

England states, the Congregationalists form

Dakota is made up mainly of Methodists, Epis­

states bordering upon the Great Lakes, and

a very large element of the Protestant mem­

copalians, Baptists and Christians.

in Pennsylvania.

bership, outnumbering, except in Rhode Island,

Wyoming, aside from the Mormons, is chiefly

The Christian church, like the Presbyterian,

even the Methodists and the Baptists.

In New

composed of Episcopalians; that of Colorado

has its greatest proportion of adherents in the

Hampshire, the society of Friends has consider­

of Methodists, Mormons and Presbyterians;

middle tier of states, while, strangely enough,

able prominence, while in Rhode Island and

and that of Nevada of Methodists, Episco­

it has spread in considerable force to Texas in

Connecticut, Episcopalians are numerous.

palians and Presbyterians.

the southwest and to Oregon and Washington

That of

In New York, New Jersey and Pennsyl­

In Montana, the leading denominations are

vania, the leading denominations are the Meth­

the Methodists and Christians; in Washington,

odists and Presbyterians the Baptists holding

the Methodists and Presbyterians.

the third place in New Y ork and New Jersey,

the Methodists are found in considerable num­

states, and in Delaware, Maryland and the

and the Lutherans in Pennsylvania.

ber, followed by Christians and Baptists.

District of Columbia in the South Atlantic

Delaware, Maryland and the District of

In Oregon,
A

in the northwest.
The Protestant Episcopal church is found
in greatest strength in the

distribution quite similar is found in California,

group.

Columbia have a very large proportion of

excepting

proportion

Methodists, and in the last-named, the Baptists

second place.

are second in numbers.

Arizona, the Mormons far outnumber all other

In all three there is

found a considerable proportion of Episcopa­

that

the Presbyterians

hold

the

In Utah, Idaho, W yom ing, and

church membership.

North Atlantic

In other parts of the country, the
is

small,

in

no

case,

except

Wyoming, reaching one per cent, of the pop­
ulation.
The denominations known as United Breth­

lians and Presbyterians, and in the two latter,

ren, Reformed of the United States, United

In Virginia, W est Virginia

D istrib u tion b y D en om in ation s.

Evangelical, Evangelical Association, Dunkards,

North and South Carolina, Protestant

— A glance at the maps on Plate 58, shows

and Reformed in America, are restricted in

church membership is made up mainly of

that the

their range almost entirely to the Northern

Methodists and Baptists, with a smaller number

leading Protestant denominations, have their

states, where, with

of Presbyterians and Lutherans.

stronghold in the Southern states, in nearly

England, they are spread quite generally.

The other South Atlantic states, and those

every one of which by far the greater propor­

Friends are widely distributed except in the

bordering on the Gulf of Mexico, including

tion of church members belong to one or the

G ulf states and the territories.

Arkansas, contain very few besides Methodists

other of these two denominations.

This is

Mormons are reported only from Utah and

and Baptists, while in Kentucky and Tennessee,

true not only of the colored race, but of the

from neighboring portions of adjacent states

there are, besides these denominations, many

whites as well.

and territories.

many Lutherans.
and

■ o the Presbyterian and Christian denomina­
f
tions.

Methodists and

Baptists, the two

The ratio which the sum of the Methodists

the exception

of New
The

O f all the smaller denomina­

tions, the Universalists are the most generally

and Baptists bears to the total church member­

Passing to the Northern Central group of
states, the diversity of religious beliefs becomes

distributed, being

ship of the Southern states is expressed in the

excepting Virginia, Tennessee, Arkansas, Col­

the following percentages:

orado and Nevada.

very striking, nearly the whole list of denomi­
nations being represented in each state.

In

Ohio, the Methodists greatly outnumber any

found

in

all

the states

The Winnebrennarians

are widely scattered, in small numbers, over
P er
Cent.

STATES.
A la b a m a ..................................

P er
C en t .

STATES.

the middle tier of states.

The Unitarians,

°0

y j

although their greatest strength is in New

other sect, the Presbyterians, Lutherans, Bap­

M is s is s ip p i.............................

95

81

England, are found in most of the states, the

tists, and Christians, following in the order

G e o r g i a ..................................

94

75

exceptions being mainly in the South.

named.

F l o r i d a .....................................
A r k a n s a s ................................

92

72

S o u t h C a r o l i n a ..................

9i

W e s t V i r g i n i a ................

70

or Swedenborgian, while strongest in New

place is taken by the Christians, with Baptists

L o u is ia n a ...............................

90

D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b i a ..

64

England, is distributed quite generally over

third in numbers, while the Presbyterians and

N o r t h C a r o l i n a ..................

86

M a r y la n d . . .....................

63

the Northern States.

In Indiana and Illinois, the Metho­

dists are still the most numerous, the second

Lutherans

are

also well

represented.

In

The

small denomination known as New Jerusalem,

The

greatest

numerical strength of the

Michigan, the Methodists, Baptists, Presby­

W ere the numbers of the Catholics added,

terians and Lutherans constitute over two-

the proportions would be decreased to some

Roman Catholic denomination is in the North
♦
Atlantic group of states, where it consists

thirds of the church membership.

extent

largely of persons of Irish origin, with a small

In W is­

in

Delaware,

Maryland,

District of

consin and Minnesota, owing to the large

Columbia, Virginia,

German element, the Lutheran church is the

Texas, but in the other states they would

largest, outnumbering even the Methodists.

not be affected appreciably.

In

Iowa, the Methodists are the most

Louisiana

and

sprinkling,

throughout

New

England

and

northern New York, of French Canadians.
In Delaware, Maryland, District of Colum­

Presbyterians are most abundantly

bia and Virginia, there is found a large body

numerous, followed by the Lutherans, Pres­

distributed in the middle tier of states, ranging

of Catholics, the lineal descendants of the

byterians and

Missouri, the

from South Carolina, Tennessee, Missouri and

Cavaliers.

largest single denomination is that of the

Kansas on the south, to New York, Michigan,

there exists a numerous class of Catholics,

Baptists, the Methodists holding the second

Illinois, Iowa and

Nebraska on the north.

consisting of the descendants of the original

place, with the Christians third.

Kansas con­

Very few are found in New England, where

Spanish and French elements of the popula­

preponderance of Methodists,

their place is filled by the allied denomination

tion.

tains a large

Baptists.

with many Baptists,

In

Lutherans,

tionalists and Presbyterians.

Congrega­

In Nebraska, the

largest denomination is that of the Lutherans.

The

Florida,

of the Congregationalists.
The

Lutheran

church accompanies quite

closely the German element of the population,

In Florida and Louisiana, also,

Still farther west, in southern Texas, New
Mexico, Arizona and southern California is the
Spanish - Mexican

element, which is almost

SCR IB N E R S STA TISTICA L A T L A S ,

Ixiv

in the summary on

Owing to the limited space allotted to each

these elements bear to the population, or to

Plate 61, excepting in the case of the Methodist

denomination upon Plates 60 and 61, it was

the total church membership, it is, in the

church, which, in the summary, includes the

impracticable to present tables showing the

absence of statistics, impossible to speak.

Independent Methodists, while in the state

numbers of the clergy and

exhibit it does not.

juxtaposition to the maps, as in the two pre-

wholly Catholic.

S ta tis tic a l

O f the proportions which

S u m m a r y .— The

with the totals given

states,

total

could

be

No satisfactory data, by
obtained

concerning

«
*

the

membership in

_

ceding plates.

The details of the distribution

numbers of the several denominations given

Roman Catholic, Jewish or Adventist mem­

of all the denominations are introduced here

below, as derived from the state exhibits, agree

bership.

for convenient reference:

5
I
in
rt
Pi

M e t h o d ist .

State.

P r e s b y t e r ia n .

B a p t is t .

State.

Ministers.

Members.

State.

C h r ist ia n .
(D iscipl e s o f C h r ist .)

L uth eran.

Min- Memisters. bers.

State.

isters.

bers.

State.

isters.

bers.

State.

isters.

bers.

566 124.514 Illin o is.
348 75,960 K y ........
318
70,515 Indiana
254 60,046 M o . . . .
23O 54,980 O h io . . .

651
485
583
395
216

85,241
79,535
78,920
55,950
48,500

M a ss.. .
C o n n .. .
N .Y ...
Illinois.
O h io ...

674
387
258
251
162

91,787
55,855
33,392
23,113
22,803

N .Y ...
Pa.........
C on n .. .
M d .. .
M ass.. .

618
332
183
170
150

88,065
37,960
2 0 ,2 4 9
17,667
17,189

O h io . . .
Indiana.
P a .........
Illin o is.
W . V a ..

490
319
238
252
74

39,297
24.780
23,630
15,682
8,050

43,468 N . Y . . .
35,149 I o w a ...
35,050 Indiana
28,437 M ic h ...
27,617 M o ___

204
I90
152
124
I l6

194
131
78
n 8
138

38,650
19,206
16,700
16,300
16,100

N. H ...
M ain e ..
V t..........
M ic h .. .
I o w a .. .

196
197
195
204
188

22,544
21,635
20,116
17,044
15,576

N. J . . .
Virginia
Ohio. . .
M ich .. .
Illinois.

169
130
119
90
113

14,951
12,884
11,598
10,232
9226

I o w a .. . 173
M ic h ... 118
K ansas. 133
Virginia 32
26
M d ....

7,301
7,169
6,452
4,627
3,465

I o w a .. .
Illin o is.
N. Y . . .
M in n .. .
N. C ..

24
18
12
10
10

5,499
3,716
2,751
2 ,1 1 0
1,763

M ich .. .
W is ....
M d........
K y .........
I o w a .. .

17
22
4
6
21

8,395
7,240
5,459
4,807
4,211

N e b r .. .
K ansas.
M d ___
Virginia
N. J . . . .

78
79
63
57
37

W is .__ 167 14,135
Minn. .. 1 12 6,722
K an sas. 104 5,748
P a .........
59 5,635
R. I . . . .
35
5,214

R. I . . . .
W is .. . .
N. C ...
M o___
D. C . . .

48
86
69
55
27

6,388
6,380
5,672
5,335
4,933

N e b r .. .
W is .. . .
N. Y . . .
M o........
M in n .. .

49
50
42
52
19

3,022
2,652
2,377
2,092
I ,2 XX

Kansas.
M ic h .. .
N e b r .. .
K y ........
C al........

8
7
8
4
4

1,719
1,440
995
851
821

P a .........
M in n ...
L a .........
Virginia
N. J ....

4
9
I
I
I

2,615
1,954
1,005
920
741

5,950
5,939
5,494
5,475
4,760

C a l___
M o ___
N- J---N e b r .. .
Indiana.

63
53
29
76
19

4,524
3,641
3,373
3,124
1,809

M in n ...
S. C . . . .
Georgia
C a l. . . .
Iowa. . .

73
47
37
69
5i

4,836
4,549
4,433
4,125
3,963

O r e g .. .
T e n n ...
C a l........
K y ........
D akota.

22
14
27
12
18

928
731
629
590
395

M o........
W . V a ..
O r e g ...
Virginia
T e n n ...

3
3
3
12
2

655
596
499
497
451

N e b r .. .
K a n s .. .
C a l........
C o lo .. . .

7
4
I
I

709
426
74
21
••

27
19
12
12
13

3,252
2,815
2,595
2,070
1,760

L a .........
A la . . .
O regon.
D. C . . .
K y .. ..

17
14
II
13
4

1,301
818
774
599
566

K y .. ..
Texas. .
Indiana
Tenn. ..
A la .. ..

35
49
32
33
28

3,954
3,812
3,692
3,316
3,458

W ash ...
Colo__
....
....
—

7
II

267
232

D el........
F lorid a.
M ass. . .
W ash ...
D akota.

I
I
I
I
I

253
229
205
204
202

....
....
....
....
—

M in n ...
M ass.. .
M d .. . .
L a .........
Florida.

13
5
5
6
12

1,615
1,233
1,095
1,047
930

D ak o ta.
Colo__
T en n . .
N. C . . .
T e x a s ..

13
18
8
5
8

411
409
384
318
282

V t..........
La. . . .
Maine. .
N. H . .
D e l___

29
34
27
3i
28

3,316
2,957
2,067
2,065
1,989

___
....
....
....
....

C olo.. . .
N. J ....
C o n n ...
....
—

I
5
I

201
199
149

....
....
....
•. .
—

605 W ash ...
480 C on n .. .
228 M ain e..
22 0 D akota.
146 M ont. .

8
4
5
5
3

850
775
725
679
675

Virginia
S. C . . . .
M d ___
M iss. . .
Georgia

4
5
I
2
13

23I
230
165
132
106

W .V a ..
K ansas.
M iss. ..
Florida.
N e b r .. .

19
29
30
19
32

1,911
1,860
1.694
1,546
1,526

....
....
••. •

....
....
....

—

••••
....
....
....
—

V t.........
D e l....
D. C . . .
W yo. ..
N. H ...

2
4
2
I
I

425
421
330
95
35

W . V a ..
Florida.
U t a h ...
W yo. . .
Nevada.

3
I
2
2
I

82
73
54
45
3°

D akota.
O regon.
C o lo .. .
A r k ....
Utah. . .

26
21
18
14
12

1,184
1,067
1,017
939
629

....
............
....

....
....
....
....

....
....
....
....

—

....

....

..
..

*• • •
....
....

,,
..
..

..

....
....
....
....

••

—

••

••

....
....
....
....
....

I N. Y . . .
2 O h io .. .
3 A la . . . .
4 P a .........
5 N. C . ..

1,644
1,178
1,229
1,326
835

234,700
212,504
201,277
192,268
187,14?

Georgia 1,658
Virginia
759
N. C . . . 1,153
K y . . . . 1,183
A la . . . .
726

236,546
20 Q.Q05
177,719
171,920
165,574

Pa......... 1,109 167,780
N . Y . . . 1,044 135,779
O h io . . .
631 84,654
Illinois. 604 60,243
N. J ....
368 46,600

6 Georgia
7 Indiana
8 T e n n .. .
9 S. C . . . .
IO K y .........

926
763
864
650
876

168,682
162,182
155,768
154,766
149,156

S C ....
656
N. Y . . .
983
Miss. ..
846
Tenn . .
975
T e x a s .. 1,128

141,112
126,962
123,204
117,998
108,268

T e n n ...
M o .. . .
Indiana
I o w a ...
K y .. ..

397
385
235
298
262

II
12
13
14
15

Illin o is. 1,128
V irginia
719
T ex a s. .
9OO
M d. . . .
590
M iss.. . .
593

145,068
131,710
126,156
102,808
98,806

M o .. . .
97§
Illinois. 1,076
P a .........
542
L a .........
481
O h io. . .
574

102,221
77,081
75,366
58,918
58,078

Virginia
N. C . . .
T e x a s ..
M ich .. .
S. C . . . .

333
145
325
178
114

27,495
23,232
19,681
17,814
15,531

l6
17
18
19
20

I o w a .. .
M o ___
N. J . . .
M ich .. .
A r k .. . .

801
789
436
824
569

84,640
84,396
80,736
73,121
65,787

A r k .. ..
M ass.. .
Indiana
M ain e..
M ich .. .

639
348
423
401
41 7

53,882
51,248
45,741
36,885
33,645

K ansas.
Georgia
A la .. ..
W .V a . .
M d .. . .

202 12,563 S. C . . . .
82 10 ,3 90 N . C . . .
104 10,131 Tenn. ..
78 9,529 W . V a ..
70 8,849 C a l___

36
36
25
161
12

7,525 N . Y . . .
6,985 A r k . . . .
5,475 Kansas.
3,460 C a l___
2,580 O regon.

39
45
95
36
24

21
22
23
24
25

W . V a ..
Kansas.
M ass.. .
Florida.
L a .........

259
543
308
336
311

53,908
51,404
48,658
43,992
43,111

N. J . . .
W. V ..
I o w a .. .
C o n n .. .
K ansas.

209
242
334
136
343

32,966
27,427
26,785
22,402
18,839

C a l.. . .
W is .. . .
M iss .. .
M in n ...
N e b r .. .

l 6l
107
79
93
81

D. C ...
Mass. . .
Georgia
A la .. . .
K y ........

11
8
7
7
7

1.975
1,795
1,748
1,330
1 ,2 1 0

A la . . . .
S. C . . . .
W is. . . .
Miss. . .
C o lo ... .

26
27
28
29
3°

W is .. . .
C o n n .. .
M ain e..
M in n ...
D e l....

346
153
is ?
236
60

33,778
26,410
25,888
22,335
18,441

Florida.
N. H . .
W is ....
R. I . . .
V t..........

231
210
199
126
127

18,738
18,088
14,934
14,770
12,506

L a .........
D e l___
D. C . . .
Mass. . .
A r k ___

36
47
26
29
27

4,242 C o n n .. .
3.918 M iss... .
3,645 Colo . .
2,823 A r k . . . .
2,497 M ain e..

6
8
5
5
4

1,126
I ,n o
994
770
741

31
32
33
34
35

C a l. . . .
N e b r ...
N. H . . .
D. C ..
V t..........

250
117
135
60
143

17,196
13,265
12,719
12,537
8,358

M d . . '. .
D. C . . .
Minn. ..
C a l.. ..
Ind. T .

67
23
114
78
84

8,59!
8,319
8 ,3 7 9
6,076
5.915

C o lo . . .
Oregon.
Ind. T . .
Florida.
W ash. .

47
4°
24
20
21

2,290
1,811
1,797
1 ,52 8
1 ,38 7

L a ........
O regon.
D ako ta.
R. I . . .
N. H ...

4
3
I
2
I

36
37
38
39
40

O regon.
R. I ....
C o l___
W a s h ..
D akota.

83
64
53
30
20

6,623
6,390
3,505
2,386
1,560

N e b r .. .
Oregon.
D e l....
C o lo ....
D akota.

91
50
20
14
19

5 ,2 9 4
2 ,9 5 7
2 , 329
1,239
74°

C o n n .. .
N. H . .
R. I ....
Idaho
D akota.

17
II
3
2
22

897
664
462
406
394

W ash. .
D e l.. ..
Florida.
Id a h o . .

I
I
I ■
2
••

631
573
364
223
168

W a s h ..
N e v .. . .
W yo. . .
Id a h o . .
N . Mex.

13
I
2
4
I

424
no
IOI
43
20

V t .........
Nevada.
M on t...
N. Mex.
W yo...

62

U t a h ...
Arizona

I
I

l6
14

U t a h ...
A laska. .
Arizona.

46 Arizona
....
47
48
—

7

.•

••

••

••

T o tals . . . . 21 .3 7 3 3,283,893

••

18,716 2,430,095

U n ited
E v a n g e l ic a l .

R efo rm ed in t h e
U n ite d S t a t e s .

bers.

8,275
8,026
7,179
7,023
5,241

P a .........
Illinois.
O h io. . .
W is .. . .
M in n ...

—

280
244
194
164
149

7
7

4
II

2
3

..
..
..
..
••

—

147
32
3i

4
2

isters.

State.

bers.

8
14
15
3
5

U n ite d B r e t h r e n .

isters.

State.

isters.

41 Nevada.
42 M on t.. .
43 N. Mex.
44 Idaho. .
45 U ta h ...

P r o t e st a n t
E pisc o p a l .

C o n g r e g a tio n a l .

....
—

....

....
....
....

..

bers.

44,651 T e n n ...
42,290 I o w a .. .
33,498 N . C . . .
27.754 Virginia
24,439 T e x a s ..
17,490
17,000
14,520
12,472
8,350

130
125
IOO
52
••

P a .........
N e b r .. .
Georgia
W . V a ..
M ic h .. .

■

....

..

3,025 569,389

....
....
....

..
..
..

.#
..
..
..

....

••

••

,,,,

..

..

••••

..

—

••

7,897 885,468

88 13,600
41 13,380
48 9,859
7,950
45
6,010
49

••

5
7
8
3
7

528
340
321
250
246

N. Mex.

5

150

....

3,574 384,800

• •••
....
....

*.

isters.

P a ......... 352
O h io. . . 162
W is ....
37
Indiana. 32
M d........
32

....

«...
....
—

bers.
71,957
35,160
7,510
6,751
6,620

....

....
—

....

••

3,658 556,941

9

W yo. ..
Nevada.
Mont. ..
Id a h o . .
W ash ...

State.

3,215 336,669

State.

isters.

Illin o is. 160
N. Y . . .
28
O h io . . .
4°
Indiana. 35
M o........ 63

bers.
27,159
26,205
23,595
15,304
13,826

....
....
—

/.

2,178 155,579

755

425 144,666

154,003

•
id
1
in

E v a n g e l ic a l
A sso c ia t io n .

c
Pi

State.

I
2
3
4
5

Pa....
Illin o is.
Ohio. . .
W i s .. . .
I o w a .. .

6
7
8
9
10

bers.

State.

374
177
162
85
132

32,523
12,095
10,304
10,049
6,799

P a .........
Indiana.
O h io. . .
Illin o is.
K y ........

Indiana.
N . Y __
M ich . . .
M in n ...
K a n s. . .

83
75
82
54
43

6,226
5,726
5,329
3,730
2,690

M d ___
N e b r .. .
C a l .......
14 N. J . . . .
15 M o .......

26
7
5
6

99°
454
401
400

12
13

16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

O regon.
D akota.
K y ........
....
....

isters.

4

5
I

.•« . .
—
....
....

255
251
78
. ..

...
..
..
..

...
..

••
..
,,
..

....

..
••

isters.

••••

20,500
17,450
12,490
7,548
6,540

K ansas. 71
V a ......... 141
W . V a . . 92
M d........
50
M o........
53

4,050
3,900
3,400
2,811
2,500

08
32
28
IO
IO

1,490
1,260
608
585

N e b r ...
M ic h .. .
W is _
_
O r e g .. .
N. C . . .
M in n .. .
C olo__
C a l........
N .J ....

7
9

T e x a s. .
Idaho...
G a .........
D akota.
W ash ...

2

5

3
3
5

I
..
2

36

....

N . Y . . . . 289
N . J . . . . 140
M ich .. .
32
P a .........
IO
I o w a .. .
8

bers.
46,622
19,683
5,413
2,014
1,169

State.

Indiana. 234
O h io . . . 119
I o w a .. . 121
N. H . . .
13
P a .........
30

••

..
....

21,240
9,217
8,799
7,305
5,188

State.

Ministers.

bers.

U t a h ... 3,209 55,580
Id a h o ... 225 6,004
Ari7. . . .
168 5,050
Colo__
115 3,060
W yo...
99 2,990

State.

State.

G od.

isters.

bers.

N . Y . . . . 113
M a ss.. . 131
O h io .. .
57
Illinois.
l6
Indiana. 19

6,748
6,480
5,497
3,263
2,643

P a ......... 132
Indiana. 42
Illinois.. 38
O h io . . .
34
M d........ 39

8,180
1,932
1,422
1 ,2 2 0
1,175

State.

isters.

M a s s .. . 243
N .Y ...
22
M e........
14
N. H ...
8
Illin o is. 12

bers.

State.

K v ........
N e b r ...

2

22

Members.

M ass.. .
W is___
O h io .. .
P a .........
N. Y . ..

19
14
II
9
8

1,415
795
551
543
526

498
390
350
310
305

M in n ...
Illinois.
N .J ....
Indiana.
I o w a ...

6
4
4
4

613
609
604
591
344

Illinois.
M ain e ..
M ich .. .
C a l.. ..
M d ___

7
3
5
2
3

458
324
165
163
163

M d....
M ich .. .
V a .........
K y ........
....

I
I
I
I
••

270
174
97
40
••

Kansas.
M o .. . .
N. J . . .
R. I . . .
M in n ...

3
3
2
1
2

IOO
103
98
76
49

38
24
28
*9
24

990
967
830
600
615

W is .. . .
M ic h .. .
P a .........
O h io . . .
Indiana.

12
12
23
17

1,240
1,078
985
682

....
....
....
—

N. H ...
R . I ___
W is ....
K y .........

28
20
8
21
8

886
715
616
472
466

M ic h .. .
M o........
N e b r .. .
....

23
l6
14
••

585
540
420
•*

V t..........
M o........
C al........
R. I . . . .
Io w a . . .

7
5
6
5

275
244
244
210

8
II
3
6
2

455
448
301
297
263

....
....
....
....
—

Mo . . . .
A la ........
M d........
M in n ...
G a .........

IO
17
3
16
15

366
330
319
318
308

....
—

N .J . . . .
N ebr. .
C o n n ...
K a n sa s.
D. C . . .

3
2
2
3
2

175
165
127
105
85

••••
....
....
....
....

5
2
I
2
I

187
1 12
104
99
63

....
....
....
....
....

N .J ...
C a l........
Miss__
K a n s .. .
T e x ....

6
3
2
12
7

304
229
156
106
94

L a .........
K y .........
D e l. . . .
O r e g ...
S .C ....

2
2
I
I
I

75
63
60
54
5i

• •.

....
....
....
—

I
I
I
2

51
50
49
35

....

N. C ...
D. C . . .
D akota.
F la ........
W .V a ..

4

6
2
I
2

85
76
52
43
33

....
....
....
....

W a s h ...
M d........
C olo.. . .
D akota.
T e n n .. .

I
I
I
I
I

48
47
45
43
40

S .C ....
Idah o...
L a .........
W ash ...
O reg. . .

I
2
I
I
4

32
23
19
18
15

....

F la ........
A r k ___
....
....

I
I

36
26

no
80
42
IO
IO

....

....

••

—

....

...
. ..
....
....
....

....
....
....
....

....
....

,.
..

878

—

..

... .

....
....
....

••

515

Ministers.

6,750
1,926
1,777
1,197
1,135

I o w a .. .
A rk _
_
T e x .. . .
M e........
V a .........

410
390
175
155
I40

77,269

State.

48
9
9
5
7

1,710
1,695
1,669
1,181
912

....
....
....
....
—

—

Members.

P a .........
N. C . . .
W is ....
N .Y ....
O h io. . •

23
41
40
27
19

....
....

....
....
....

isters.

11 ,2 0 0
1 ,1 0 0
1,090
1,050
995

W. V a ..
Oreg . .
Colo__
N e b r .. .

1,036
932
146
130
57

N e w J er u salem .

M o r a v ia n .

U n it a r ia n .

P a ........
V t. . . .
M e........
I o w a .. .
C o n n .. .

ca

88,669

bers.

of

....
....
....
....
—

M e........
N .J ----T e n n ...
M ic h .. .
R. I . . . .

,,
..
..

isters.

C h u r ch

3,625
3,409
3-349
2,616
1,612

23
58
65
l6
35

..
1,589

bers.

U n iv e r s a l is t .

A rk ___
V a .........
D. C . . .
W is .. . .
C al........

20
7
2
2
2

..

....

isters.

M orm on .

M d........
M o........
W a sh ...
V t .........
M in n ...

Illin o is.
W is .. . .
O r e g .. .
M in n ...
Indiana.

..

..

99,710

isters.

N. C ...
Kansas.
N .Y ....
Illin o is.
M ass. . .

••

T otals ___ 1,343

State,

F r ien d s .

..
..

....
....
....

....
..

bers.

322
210
220
151
124

....

31
32
33
34
35

R efo rm ed in
A m e r ic a .

T h e B rethren .

....

74,313

.•
3,816 72,684

N e b r .. .

5

36,891

....

—

4

7
4

..
••

....

12

691

....
....

9
8

3

. ..
....
....
....
....
....
....

....
....
....

.►
—

....

....
....
....
....

—

....

....
....
....
....
....

....
....
....
....

••••
....

••
492

20,176

382

1 9 ,7 84

103

••
16,127

—

••
92

5 ,53 8

P l a t e

58

EELIGIOW

DENOMINATIONAL STATISTICS.

(Based on Data Collected by
W. H. De Puy, D. D.)

B n S te
a k ta
46 A r i z . . .
4 U t a h ..
5
4 Id a ,...
4
4 N .M e x
3
42 M o n t . .
4 Nev—
1
41 D a k . . .
1
39 W a s h ..
38
3 R.I. . .
7
36
3 Vfc......
5
3 D . C . ..
4
3 N.H._.
3
3 Nebr. .
2
3 C al....
1
30 Del-...
29
2 Me... .
8
2 Conn .
7
2 Wis—
6
2 La......
5
24 Fla.. ..
2
3
22 Kans..
2 W.Va.
1
2 Ark. . .
0
1 Mich. .
9
18 N.J--1 Mo... .
7
1 Iowa ..
6
1 Miss...
5
1 Md... .
4
13 T ex.. .
1 Va.....
2
1 Ill......
1
1 Ky. ...
0
9 S.C....
8 Tenn..
7 Ind. . .
6 Ga.....
5 N.C—
Pa.....
3 A la .. .
2 Ohio ..
1 N.Y. ..

M i*te Mm en
in r* e b
7
5
3
1
5
1
4
8
2
0
30
53
6
4
83
143
60
135
117
250
60
236
17
8
153
346
31
1
336
308
543
259
569
824
436
79
8
81
0
593
590
900
1,128
876
650
84
6
763
926
835
1,326
1,229
1,178
1,644

6
2
18
6
223
34
6
573
61
3
1,560
2,386
3,505
6,390
6,623
8,358
12,537
12,719
13,265
17,196
18,44
1
22,335
25,888
26,410
33,778
43,111
43,992
48,658
51,404
53,908
65,787
73,121
80,736
84,396
84,640
98,806
102,808
126,156
131,710
145,068
149,156
1 ,7 6
54 6
155,768
1 2,182
6

2

1% u

33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
2
0
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

..
U ta h ..

N .M e x

Ida—
W y o . ..
Nev.. .
W ash..
D a k .. .
C o lo ...
D e l....
Oreg. .
Nebr. .
In d . T.

C a l....
M in n ..
D .C . M d....
V t.........
R .I ----W is ....
N.H._ .
F la ___
K a n s ..
C o n n ..
Iow a. .
W .V a.
N.J—
Mich. .
Me... .
Ind....
Mass. .
Ark. ..
Ohio .
La____
Pa......
Ill......
Mo. . .
T e x ...
Tenn..
Miss...
N .Y ...
S.C....
Ala. . .
K y ....
N.C.. .
Va.....
Ga-----

1 7,142
8
192,268
201,277
212,504
234,700

Rank

Minietete

M
ember.

1
1
1
4
2
1
13
19
14
20
50
91
84
78
144
23
67
127
126
199
210
231
313
136
334
242
209
417
401
423
348
639
574
481
542
1,076
978
1,128
975
846
983
656
726
1,183
1,153
759
1,658

SCALE:

14
16
20
43
101
110
424
740
1,239
2,329
2,957
5,294
5,915
6,076
8,379
8,319
8,591
12,506
14,770
14,934
18,088
18,738
18,839
22,402
26,785
27,427
32,966
33,645
36,885
45,741
51,248
53,882
58,078
58,918
75,366
77,081
102,221
108,268
117,998
123,204
126,962
141,112
165,574
171,920
177,719
209,905
236,546

A r i z . ..
A ls k ...
U ta h ..
W y o . ..
N .M e x
M o n t..

M ie re Mme
io te
e b r*

3
2
1
1
4
7
7
2
Nev.. .
4
Vt---2
2
D a k . ..
Id a —
2
3
R.I. . .
N .H ...
1
1
Conn..
1
7
W a s h ..
2
1
2
0
Fla.. ..
2
4
In d . T.
Oreg. .
4
0
4
7
Ark. ..
2
7
2
9
Mass. .
2
6
D .C . ..
D e l.-.
4
7
36
La......
8
1
Nebr. .
93
Minn..
7
9
Miss...
Wis. . .
107
Cal- ..
11
6
70
M d- ..
W.Va.
7
8
Ala---104
82
202
Kans..
S.O....
14
1
Mich. .
178
Tex. . .
325
N.C. - 15
4
V a .. ..
333
Ky. . ..
262
Iowa —
298
Ind....
235
M o- ..
385
Tenn..
397
N.J—
368
604
11
1 ......
Ohio ..
61
3
N .Y - . 1,044
Pa...... 1,109

3
1
3
2
17
4
19
4
14
6
194
24
4
280
394
46
0
42
6
64
6
87
9
1,387
1
,523
1,797
1
.811
2,290
2,497
2,823
3,645
3,918
4,242
5,241
7,023
7,179
8,026
8,275
8.849
9,529
10,131
10,390
12,563
15,53
1
17,814
19,68
1
23,232
27,495
27,617
28,437
35,050
35,149
43,468
46,600
60,243
84,654
135,779
167,780

State

4

„

..

7# ...............

5

m

n

10# ............

6

to Population,
by States,

Per Ct.
.001
.02
.03
.13
.17
.48
.54
.56
.63
.70
.91
1.07
1.13
1.17
1.58
1.64
1.69
1.75
1.81
1.89
2.05
2.31
2.49
2.50
2.87
2.91
3.59
3.76
4.43
4.68
4.71
5.21
5.34
5.68
6.26
6.71
6.80
6.95
7.65

U ta h ..

46
45
44
43
42
41
41)
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4

Ala. . . 5 Miss.. . 8
1
Ark.. .16 Mo.. .1
A r i z . . .47^ebr. .36
Cal... .34 Nev.. .42
Colo.. .39 N.H. -27
Conn. .24 N.J.. .21
4 N .M e x 4
0
5
Del... .38 N.Y. - 7
D . C . . .32 N.C.. . 3
F la... .26.Ohio .15
Ga.... 1Oreg. -37
I d a . . .44 Pa. . .13
2
1 1 ... 1 R.I. .29
1.
8
Ind... 1 S.O. . . 6
I n d . T 35 Tenn. . 9
Iow a. .23 T e x- .10
Kans. .25 U t a h . .46
.30
Ky. .. 4 Vt.
La.... .14 V a ... . 2
M e ... 1 W a sh .41
9
2
3 W.Va 2
1
Md.. .
Mass. 1 Wis. .28
7
Mich. .20 W y o .. .43
Minn. .33

N .M e x
A r iz ...
Id a —

N ev.. .
W y o ...

D a k ...
W a sh ..
Colo...
C al....
Md... .
Minn..
Wis—
N ebr. .
D el....
Iow a ..
O reg. .
Pa----Ohio ..
Kans..
Mich. .
Ind. . .
.N .Y . . .
Ill......
Mass. .
N.J. . .
Conn..
V t----W.Va.
D . C ...
M o ....
N .H ...
R .I....
Me___
La___
Ark_
_
Tex. ..
F la....
Tenn..
Ky. ...
Miss...
N.C.--.
Ala....
Va.....
2 S.C.--.
I Ga......

SI

KEY

•• 3X.........

10.88
12.69
13.11
14.17
15.33

SCALE:

20,000

Rn
ak

Ala. . .18 M iss-.23
A ls k . -47 Mo___ 7
A rk .. .30 Mont. .43
A r i z . . . 48 Nebr. .25
Cal... .21 N ev.. .42
Colo. ..31 N.H.. .37
Conn. .36 N.J--- 5
Dak... 4 N . M e x 44
C
D el..-27 N .Y ... 2
D.C. ..28 N.C— 12
Fla. ...34 Ohio. . 3
Ga......1 Oreg. .32
7
Ida--- 39 Pa...... 1
11
1 ...... 4 R .I.. ..38
Ind. . . 8 S.C. . -15
Ind.T. 33 Tenn.. 6
Iowa .. 9 Tex.. .13
Kans. .16 U t a h .A Q
K y---- 1 V t......4
0
1
La-----2 Va..... 1
6
1
Md- ..20 Wash..35
Mass. .29 W.Va. 1
9
Mich. .14 Wis.. .22
Minn. .24 Wyo..A5

40,000

70,000

go,ooo

S
tate

Per C
L

46
4
5
4
4
4
3
4
2
4
1
40
39
38
37
3
6
3
5
3
4
33
3
2
3
1
3
0
2
9
2
8
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
23
2
2
2
1
2
0
1
9
1
8
1
7
1
6
1
5
1
4
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

A r i z . ..

.07
.08
.10
.13
.14
.15
.16
.19
.29
.31
.39
.45
.49
.56
.61
.63
.67
.71
.80
.89
.94
.95
1.03
1.08
1.15
1.1
7
1.23
1.2
4
1.26
1.49
1.55
1.62
1.65
1.67
1.75
1.77
1.81
1.84
1.95
2.05
2.64
2.67
2.67
2.81
3.91
4.11

Vt-----

U ta h ..
N .M e x

Conn..
Mass. .
R .I---N .H ...
D a k ...

Ark—
Nev— .
La.....
M o n t. .
Fla- ..
Wis— .
Miss—.
Ga......
W y o ...

Ala....
Minn—
M d ....
C al....
Mich..
Nebr. .
Colo...
T ex....
Id a —
Kans..
W.Va.
S.C-..
M o- ..
N.C. ..
K y ....
Iowa ..
Ind. . .
Va. ...
W a s h ..

Ill......

D .C .. .
Ob io ..
N .Y - .
D el-..
Tenn..
Pa____
N.J—

5

■
„

10#....... ;

6

over,_........... .

7

^

to Population,

4

„ 7#........ .

Ratio o f Membership

3

,* 5#_...... .
Ala. . . 4 Miss... 6
Ark. . .11 Mo---- 16
A r iz . ..44 Nebr. .33
C al....3 Nev. ..42
7
Colo. ..38 N.H. ..15
Conn. .20 N .J .. .21
D a k . . . 4 N . M e x A5
0
Del....32 N.Y. ..24
D . C . -17 N.C.. . 5
Fla----9 Ohio — 8
2
Ga..... 1 Oreg. .30
I d a . . . .43 P a .. -29
11
1 ...... 23 R .I ....14
Ind....25 S.C. . . 2
Iowa ..31 Tenn.. 8
Kans. .27 Tex.. .10
Ky___ 7 l t a h . .46
9
La..... 12 V t..... 1
Me. ...13 V a .... 3
Md.. ..36 W a s h ..39
8
Mass. .22 W.Va. 1
Mich. .26 Wis. -34
Minn..35 Wyo..A\

Ratio by States, 1880.

Membership by States, 1880,

4
8
4
7
4
6
4
5
4
4
4
3
42
4
1
40
39
3
8
3
7
3
6
3
5
3
4
33
32
3
1
30
29
2
8
2
7
2
6
2
5
24
2
3
22
2
1
2
0
1
9
1
8
1
7
1
6
1
5
1
4
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

5 # ..

Ratio o f Membership

* ---- S t I N D E X .

S te
ta

i.

Congregational Methodists n ot included.

Ratio by States, 1880

PRESBYTERIAN.

Rn
ak

„

7

Membership by States, 1880.
8tate

3

7%

t IN D E X .

A r iz .

3M

6#

BAPTIST.

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35

,f

3#

a

Bank

1

U n d e r *#

(

SCA LE:
: %or Population.

»

3*
KEY

1
j|# and under 1#______

op,000
100,000
1 5 0 ,0 0 0

A la - -28 Mo___ 1
5
Ark. ..37 M07lt. .34
A r i z . . A 6 Nebr. .22
C a l--25 Nev.. .36
Colo. .21 N.H. -39
Conn. .42 N .J .. . 1
3
D a k . -38 N . M e x 4
Del- . 4 N .Y - . 5
D . C . . 7 N.C.. .14
Fla- .33 Ohio. . 6
Ga— — 0 Oreg. .24
. 8
I d a . . -19 Pa......2
Til. . . 8 R .I_ 4
_ 0
In d -..11 S.C--- 1
6
Iowa -12 iTenn— 3
Kans. .18 Tex- .20
Ky---- 1 lU t a h . A A
3
T.«.
35 V t......4
5
0
Md- -26 Va___ 1
9
Mass. .41
Mich— W. Va.17
23
Minn-27 W is.. .32
Miss.-31 W y o . . . 29

CO PYRIG H T, 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SONS.

2

1# ».

».

3#........

3

3# o

.»

5 # ......

4

ey.

v

i%

......

5

7# „

»

10#------

6
7

BELIG-IOTT

DENOMINATIONAL STATISTICS. —Continued.
LUTHERAN.

Ratio by States, 1880.
Rank

Membership by States, 1880.
Rank
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

But*

Ida—

F la . . . .
D e l....

W ash..

N.H. ..
R . I -----

D a k ...

O re g . .
L a -------

M e .. ..

A r k .. .

Colo. ..

M i s s ...

Conn. .
K y. . . .
A la ----G a.........
M a ss . .
D. G . .
C a l.. . .
W . Y a.

T e n n ..
N .C .. .
S . C .. .
N. J . . .
V a ........
M d ....
K a n s ..
N ebr. .
Mo___
M ich. .
Ind. . .
Iowa ..
N .Y . . .
M inn. .
W i s . ...
Ohio . .
I ll..........
P a ____

Miniater*
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
4
4
5
5
8
6
7
7
7
8
11
12
16
25
36
36
37

57
63
79

78

116
124
152
190
204
230
254
318
348
566

;

in d e x

39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20

.

A la .. .24 M ich. 9
A r k .. .29 M inn. 5
C a l.. .20 M iss.. .27
Colo. .28 Mo. . . .10
Conn. -26 Nebr. .1 1
Dak. -33 N.H. . .35
D el.. .37 N .J. . 1
5
D. a . .2 1 N .Y .. 6
F la .. .38 N .C ... .17
G a .... .23 Ohio . 3
I d a . . .39
.32
111. . . . 2 P a . ..
1
4
Ind.. . 8 R . I . . . 3
Iowa . 7 S.C... .16
Kan.s. .1 2 T enn. .18
Ky. . .25 V a . . . . .14
L a. .. .31 W ash. .36
M e ... .30 W .V a 19
M d .. .13 W is ... . 4
M ass. .22

Member,
52
100
125
130
146
220
228
480
605
741
770
994
1,110
1,126
1,210
1,330
1,748
1,795
1,975
2,580
3,460
5,475
6,985
7,525
8,350
12,472
14,520

State

F la .. ..
N.H. ...
L a .........
K y. . . .
R .I . . .
D e l.. . .
A rk. . .
M iss. ..
M ass. .
A la. . .
Ga.........
M e. .. .
I d a ___
D ak . . .
II a s h . .
Conn .
O reg. .
C a l... .
T en n . .
N .C .. . .
Colo. . .
W .V a .
N .J ----S .C ....
V a ........
N .Y . ..
D .C . ..
Mo-----M d ... .
Ind. . .
M ich. .
K ans. .
Ohio ..
I ll.........
Iow a ..
P a.
N ebr. .
iW is. . .
M in n ..

19
IK
17

16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5

24,439
27,754
33,498
42,290
44,651
54,980
60,046

3
2
1

(Based on D ata Collected by
W . II. D e Puy, D. D .)

in d e x .

Per c t

.03
.04

.06
.07
.07
.08
.10
.10
.10
.1 1
.1 1
.1 1
.15
.16
.17
.18
.27
.29
.35
.49
.51
.65
.73
.75
.82
.87
1 .1 1
1.12
1.55

59

P l a t e

scale:

I*

A la .. .30 M ich . . 9
A rk .. .33 M in n .. 1
C a l.. 22 M iss. ..32
Colo. .19 M o.. ..12
Conn. .24 N ebr. . 3
D ak. .26 N .H . ..38
D e l... .34 N . J . . . .17
D.C. 13 N .Y . ..14
F la ... 39 N .C. ..20
G a .... ?9 Ohio . . 7
I d a . . . .27 O reg. .23
III. . . . 6 P a ........ 4
I n d .. . .1 0 R .I .- .35
Iowa . 5 S .C .---16
K ans. 8 T enn. 21
K y. . . 36 V a ........15
L a . ... 37 W a sh ..?*
M e.. 28 W .V a . 18
Md. . .1 1
M ass. .31

CHRISTIAN (Disciples of Christ.)
Membership by States, 1880.
IUnk

40
39
38
37
36
35

Stmt*

N .H ...
W y o ...

2

V t ____

2

M o n t ..

33 M e. . . .

25

24
23
22
21
20
19

18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

1
1

D .C .. .

D el— .

■ D a k ...
M
32
31
30
29
28
27
26

Minister^

C o n n ..
W a sh ..
F la ....
L a ........
M d ... .
M ass. .
M in n ..
C o lo ...
M is s ...
W is. . .
S .C .- .
A la - .O reg. .
C a l.. ..
K a n s ..
A r k ....
N .Y . ..
M ich . .

W .V a ..
G a -----N ebr. .

P a. . . .
[Tex. ..

9 V a........

8 N.C—
7 Iowa .
6 T e n n ..
5 Ohio ..
4 Mo. . . .
3 In d—
2 K .v.. . .
1 I ll.........

4

3
5
5
4
8

12

6
5
5

13
13
12
12
19
27
24
36
95
45

39
49

45
48
41
88
138
118
78
131
194
216
395
583
485
651

Ala.. 21 Minn. .26
Ark.. .17 Miss.. .24
Cal- -19 Mo.. . . 4
Colo. 25 Mont. .35
Conn. .32 Nebr. .1 2
Dak. .34 N .H .. .40
D el— 37 N.Y- .16
8
D .C. .38 N.C.
Fla... M Ohio. 5
l
Ga. . .13 Oreg. .20
111... . 1 Pa..... .11
Ind- . 3 S.C... .22
Iowa . 7 Tenn. _ 6
K ans. .18 Tex. . .10
K y. . . 2 V t.... .3 6
La... 13 Va-.. 9
M e .. .33 Wash. .31
Md.. .28 W.Va 14
M ass. .27 Wis... .23
Mich. .15 Wyo.. .39

Member.

35
95
330
421
425
675
679
725
775
850
930
1,047
1,095
1,233
1,615
1,760
2,070
2,595
2,815
3,252
4,760
5,475
6,494
5,939
5,950

Ratio by States, 1880.

; IN D EX.

i
SCALE:

10,000

20,000

Rank

6,010

7,950
9,859
13,380
13,600
16,100
16,300
16,700
19,206
38,650
48,500
55,950
78,920

80,000
90,000

79,535

State

40
39
38
37
36
35
34
:«
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
6
4
3
2
1

N .H . ..
M ass. .
L a-----M e. . . .

.01
.06
.1 1
.1 1
.12
.12
.12
.1 3
.18
.19
.19
.20
.25
.28
.29
.31
.34
.36
.45
.50
.55
.63
.64
.73
.90
1.01
1.07
1 .1 3
1.18
1 .1 9
1.28
1 .5 1

IN D E X .

Per C t

N .Y — .

M d ... .
Conn. .
i V t ____

M is s .. .
D .C .. .
W is---M in n ..
A la .—
S .O .—
D e l- ..
P a____
F la - ..
M ich . .
W y o ...
D ak. ..
K ans. .
C a l- . .
G a.........
A r k .. .
Colo. ..
T e x .- .

V a. . . .
W a sh ..
Iow a ..
N.C. ..
W .V a.
Ohio ..
M o n t ..
T e n n ..
M o.. . .
III..........
N ebr. .
In d. - .

SCALE:

ft

A la. .
A rk. .
C a l. ..
C o lo ..
Conn.
D a k ..
D e l..
D.C.
F la ..

Ga—

Ill___
Ind—
Io w a ..
K ans.
Ky. . .

La...

M e. .
M d- .
Mass.
M ich.

M inn. .29
M i8s.-.32
M o.. . . C
M o n t.. 8
N ebr. . 3
N .H. ..40
N .Y . ..3 6
N .C .. .1 1
O h io .. 9
O reg. . 5
Pa-------25
S .C . ..2 7
T enn._ 7
T e x .. .15
V t........ 33
V a ___ 14
W a sh ..11
W .V a . 10
W is. ..3 0

KEY

ir?/ o .,.2 2

No r e p o r t.................—
........ .
U nder k

X

..................

1

kX an d u n d e r IX —- .......

^

IX ..

3

3X ...............

3^ „

2.50
2.58
2.72
2.76
2.95
3.98

„

bX ...............
i% ...............
10^ ............

IX ..

K y ....

lO^-an d o v e r ,.....................

4
5

6
7

CONGREGATIONAL.
Membership by States, 1880.
Rank

State

Minister,

N e v .. .
W y o ...
U ta h ..
F la ___
W .V a.
G a -----M iss. ..
M d - ..
S .C . . .
V a ___
T e x .. .
N .C . . .
T e n n ..
Colo—.
D a k .. .
K y - ..
D .C . ..
O re g ...
A la - ..
L a ------I n d ....
Nebr. .
N .J—
Mo -----C a l.. ..
R .I ----P a ........
K ans. .
M in n ..
W is. ..
Iowa ..
M ich. .
V t-----M e- N.H. ..
Ohio —
111.........
N .Y .. .
O onn..
M ass. .

1
2
2
1
3
13
2
1
5
4
8
5
8
18
13
4
13
11
14
17
19
76
29
63
63
35
59
104
112
167
188
204
195
197
196
162
251
258
387
674

30
45
54
73
82
106
132
165
230
231
282
318
384
409
411
566
599
774
818
1,301
1,809
3,124
3,373
3,641
4,524
5,214
5,635
5,748
6,722
14,135
15,576
17,044
20,116
21,635
22,544
22,803
23,113
33,392
55,855
91,787

A la — .22 M o - .17
C a l- .16 N ebr. .19
Colo. -27 N ev.. .40
Conn. , 2 N.H. . 6
D ak. 26 N .J ... .18
D .C. .24 N .Y .. . 3
F la ... 37 N.C. .29
G a - .. .35 Ohio . 5
111. . . . . 4 O reg. .23
Ind. . .2 0 P a. . -14
Iowa .1 0 R .I . . . .15
K ans. .13 S.O . . .32
K y .. .25 T enn. .28
L a . . . . .2 1 T e x .. .30
M e ... . 7 U ta h . .38
M d - 33 V t .. . . 8
M ass. . 1 V a. . . .31
M ich. . 9 W . Va.36
M inn. 12 W is .. .1 1
Miss. 34 W y o .. .39

M
ember*

40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Ratio by States, 1880.

- € ^ IN D E X .

20,000

Rank

30,000

40,000

™’™ 80,0<>
X

90,000

State

Per Ct.

40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6

[Ga........
M iss .. .
W .V a.
V a........
M d. . . .
T ex—
N.C—
S.C . . .
[T e n n ..
F la . . . .
K y........
U t a h ..
Nev—
A la. . .
Ind. . .
P a. . . .
L a-----M o___
C o lo .. .

.001
.01
.01
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.03
.03
.04
.04
.06
.09
.13
.14
.16
.2 1
.22
.29
.30
.33
.44
.52
.57
.65
.69
.71
.75
.86
.95
1.04
1.07
1.88
3.33
5.14
6.05
6.49

IN D E X .

6

4
3
2

1

N .J —
D a k .. .
D .C . . .
O reg. .
C a l,...
K a n s ..
N .Y. ..
N ebr. .
Ohio ..
I ll..........
M in n ..
Iowa . .
M ich . .
W is. . .
R .I . . . .
M e___
M ass. .
V t____
N.H. Conn. .

SCALE:

ft

A la C a lColo.
Conn.
Dak.
D.C.
F la ...
G a—
111. . . .
I n d ..
Iowa
K ans.
K y. .
L a—
M eMd. .
M ass.
M ich.
M inn.
M iss.

.27 M o - . .23
.16 N ebr. .13
.2 2 N e v ... 28
. 1 N .H .. . 2
.19 N .J ... .20
.18 N .Y. . .14
.31 N .C. . .34
40 Ohio . .1 2
.1 1 O reg. .17
.26 P a.
25
. 9 K .I.- . 6
15 S .C — .33
.30 T enn. 32
.24 T e x ... .35
. 5 U tah .29
.36 V t . . . . . 3
- 4 V a .. .. .37
. 8 W .V a 38
. 1(1 W is ... . 7
.39 W y o .. .2 1

KEY
No rep o rt
U nd er i'A ...
IX

an d u n d er IX

10X an d over,

PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL.
Membership by States, 1880.
Rank

State

46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9

N .M ex
W ash ..
I d a ....
M o n t ..
Nev. . .
W yo. . .
U t a h ..
A r k .. .
C o lo .. .

8

7
6

6

4
3
2

D a k ...
F la - M is s .. .
K a n s ..
W .V a.
D e l- ..
N .H .. .
M e___
L a .........
V t ____

A la. . .
T e n n ..
Ind. . .
T e x -K y........
Iowa —
C a l....
G a........
S.C . . .
M in n ..
D .C . . .
Mo. . . .
N.C—
W i s .. .
R .I . . . .
I ll..........
M ich . .
O hio . .
V a -----N .J ---M ass. .
M d. ...
Conn. .
P a ------N .V . . .

Mlniiter*
5
7
3
8

7

5
12
14
18
21
26
32
19
30
29
19
28
31
27
34
29
28
33
32
49
35
51
69
37
47
73
27
55
69

86

48
113
90
119
130
169
150
170
183
332
618

150
246
250
321
340
528
629
939
1,017
1,067
1,184
1,526
1,546
1,694
1,860
1,911
1,989
2,C65
2,067
2,957
3,316
3,458
3,516
3,692
3,812
3,954
3,963
4,125
4,433
4,549
4,836
4 933
5,335
5,672
6,380
6,388
9,226
10,232
11,598
12,884
14,951
17,189
17,667
20,249
37,960

latio by States, 1880.

-« S 2 IN D E X .

Member.

SCALE:

10,000

20,000

A l a . . . .25 Mo___ 14
A r k .. .39 M o n t. .43
C a l . . . . 19 Nebr. .35
Colo. — Nev---- 42
38
C o n n .. 3 N .H . ..29
D ak . ..36 N . J . . . 6
D e l- . . 30 N .M ex 46
D .C. ..15 N .Y ... 1
F la — .34 N .C .. .13
Ga........18 O hio. . 8
I d a — 44 O reg. .37
111......... 10 P a .........2
I n d - . . 23 R .I ....1 1
Iowa — S .C ... .17
20
K ans. .32 T enn. .24
K y___ 21 T e x .. .22
L a ........ 27 U ta h . AO
M e. ...2 8 V t.........26
M d - . . 4 V a ........ 7
M ass. . 5 W a sh ..45
M ic h .. 9 W .V a . 31
M inn—16 W is .. .1 2
M is s ... 3 W y o ... 41

Rank

30,000

40,000

5 0 ,0 0 0
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000

State

46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

A r k .. .
N .M ex
M is s .. .
Ind. . .
K ans. .
T e n n ..
T ex . . .
K y. . . .
Iow a —
Mo___
A la. . .
Ga........
Ill.........
W .V a .
L a .........
M e. . . .
W a sh ..
N ebr. .
Ohio . .
N.C---U ta h ..
S .C —
C a l— .
W i s .. .
iC olo .. .
N e v - ..
F la - ..
N.H. ..
O reg. .
M inn. .
M ich . .
Ida_
_
M o n t. .
V a ........
D a k ...
P a ........
M ass. .
V t........
N .J - ..
D e l....
N .Y . ..
M d -. .
R .I . . .
W y o .. .
D .C . ..
Conn .

IN D E X .

Per Ct.

.1 1
.1 2
.14
.19
.19
.22
.24
.24
.24
.25
.27
.28
.29 [-.SCALE:
.30
.31
.32
.32
.33
.36
.40
.43
.45
.47
.48
.52
.54
.57
.59
.61
.62
.62
.76
.81
.85
.87
.88
.96

ft

A la. . .36 M o ... .37
A r k .. .46 M o n t. .14
C a l- . .24 N ebr. .29
Colo. ..22 Nev. . .21
Conn. . 1 N .H .. .19
D ak. ..12 N . J - . . 8
D el. — 7 N .M ex 45
D .C . . . 2 N .Y .. . 6
F la. ...2 0 N .C— 27
Ga.........35 O hio. .28
I d a ---- 15 O reg. .18
111......... 34 P a ____11
In d . . .43 R .I — 4
Iow a -.38 S .C . . .25
K an s. .42 T en n . .41
K y. ...3 9 T e x .. .40
L a ____32 l t a h . . 26
M e___ 31 V t........ 9
M d - . . 5 V a ........13
M ass. .10 11 a.s/i-30
M ich. .16 W .V a . 33
M inn. .17 W is .. .23
M iss.. 44 W v o ... 3

KEY
No w p o r t ..............................
1

IX an d u n d e r I X .... ..........

IX

”

»»

2

&
x

3

..

SX.........

SX

»

u

7X..........

5

TX

1.32
1.35
1.73
1.88
2.31
2.53
2.77
3.25

»

4

•»-»

-*
-»

10X

6

V Xan d
O

CO PYRIG H T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

.

over, - .....................

7

P late 6 0

EELIGIOIT

DENOMINATIONAL STATISTICS.

(Based on D ata Collected by
W . H. D e Puy, D. D .)

UNITED BRETHREN

—

Continued1

TH E BRETHREN

Ratio o f Membership
to Population,

(D U N K A R D S .)

by States,

Ratio o f Membership
to Population,
by States,

1880
.

. ,-r _ 1880.
-,

IOWA.

NEBR.
KANS.
KANS.
Rank
Rank

State

22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

K y. . . .
N .Y . . .
T en n . .
C al----Mo-----Colo. ..
M inn. .
W i s .. .

Dak. ..

V a ........

W ash . .

M d .. . .
M ich . .
Iow a ..
I ll..........
O reg. .
P a .........
K ans. .
N ebr. .
Ohio . .
In d ----W .V a -

N.MtX.

Per Ct
.04
.05
.05
.07
.10
.11
.15
.20
.29
.30
.35
.37
.43

.44

.50
.53
.55
.64
.66
1.22
1.25
1.30

H o report.
U n d er i%

IN D E X ,
C al___ 19|Mo___ 18
C olo.. .17 N ebr. . 4
D ak . ..1 4 N .Y .. .2 1
111..........8 ,Ohio . . 3
I n d .... 2 O reg. . 7
Iowa . . 9 P a ........ 6
K a n s .. 5 T enn. .20
jr.- .. 2 2 V a . . . .13
d----- 11 W a8h..Y l
M ich. .10 W .V a . 1
M inn. .16: W is .. .15

S

REFORMED

State

Per Ct

25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

iGa-----T e x .. .
D ak . . .
N .J —
W a sh ..
C al. . . .
N .C .. .
W i s . ...
M in n ..
M ich . .
C o lo ...
Mo___
T e n n ..
I ll.........
Ida—
V a-----M d .. . .
N ebr. .

.002
.01
.01
.01
.01
.02
.02
.05
.05
.07
.09
.1 1
.13
.25
.25
.25
.30
.32
.33
.39
.40
.<0
.47
.54
.88

K y ....
K a n s ..
P a ........
W .V a.
I n d .—

(((§>

f p H o rep o rt.
“
Under

SC ,
•
1

IN D E X ,
C a l.. .. 2 0 N ebr. . 8
C o lo ... 15 N .J .__22
D ak . ..2 3 N .C .. .19
G a .__ 25 O hio . . 6
I d a _ 11 O reg. _ 7
_
111..........12 P a . . . . . 3
I n d .... liT e n n . .13
K a n s .. 4 T ex. . .24
K y .. . . 5 V a------10
M d-----9 W a sh ..21
M ich . .16 W .V a . 2
M inn. .17 W is .. .18
Mo___ 14
_____

BW
W
mmm

J 0% and over

REFORM ED, IN AMERICA.

Ratio o f Membership
to Population,
by States,

•

1880
.

_

nebr.

Rank

State

28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17

M ass. .
N .J—
C o n n ..
T e n n ..
Mo___
V a........

.01
.02
.02
.03
.03
.03
.05
.05
.08
.09
.09
.10
.10
.1 2
.13
.14
.17
.17
.21
.27
.27
.28
.33
.34
.57
.70
1.09
1.68

16
15

14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7

6

5
4

3
2
1

F la ....
M ich. .
C al. . . .
W .V a.
C o lo .. .
I ll.........
N .C—
D ak . ..
D e l....
K a n s ..
N ebr. .
M in n ..
W a sh ..
O reg ...
Iowa ..
In d---W is—
M d ... .
Ohio . .
P a ........

KANS.

KANS.

PerCt.

IOWA.

H o rep o rt.

H o report..

U n d e r \%

Under i%..

IN D E X ,
Rank

10% an d over

State

12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3

K y ....

I n d ....
Nebr. .
M in n ..
Ill..........
P a-----W is ....

Iowa ..
O reg. .

1 N .J —

UNITED EVANGELICAL

Per Ct.

sc a le

.003
.003
.004
.02
.03
.05
.07
.07
.08
.33 m
1.74

:

IN D E X ,
111......... 8 N ebr. .10
I n d ....11 N .J ... . 1
Iow a . . 5 N .Y .. . 2
K y. ..12 O reg. . 4
M ich . . 3 P a.........7
M in n .. 9 W is .. . 6

10% and over

FRIENDS

Ratio o f Membership
to Population,

Ratio o f Membership
to Population,
by States,

by States,

a - 1880.
—

f

mi

1880.

**■ ■ ■

MINN.

NEBR.

IOWA.

NEBR.

KANS.

Rank

H o rep o rt.
Rank

State

Per Ct

19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5

Colo. ..
C a l.. ..
K ans. .
V a ........
P a .........
N .J —
L a.........
Nebr. .
M inn. .
Iowa ..

.001
.01
.04
.06
.06
.07
.10
.15
.25
.26
.29
.51
.52
.55
.58
.63
.73
.77
.88

M ich. .
N .Y .. .
W is---M d ....

4 M o.. ..

3 Ohio ..
2 In d ----1 111...........

U n d e r 4%.

IN D E X ,
C a l.. 18 M inn.
Colo.. .19 Mo.
111. . .
l Nebr.
I n d ... . 2 N .J ..
Iowa .1 0 N.Y.
K ans. .17 Ohio
K y .. . 9 P a. ..
L a . . . . 13 V a.
M d .. . 5 W is.
M ich . . 8

.1 1
. 4
.12
.14
. 7
. 3
.15
.16
. 6

^EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION

State

29
•28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

C al. . . .
V a ........
W is ....
Neb*-. .
W .V a.
Mo. . . .
A r k .. .
C o lo .. .
M in n ..
M d .. . .
D .C . ..
M ich . .
N .Y . ..
T e n n ..

.01
.01
.01
.01
.01
.02
.02
.03
.03
.03

W ash..

.25
.28
.34
.40
.54
1.07
2.10

Iow a ..

I n d ....

H o report
U n d e r 4%.

M

V t------111..........

|N .H.. .

KANS.

PerCt

.06
.06
.07
.07
.08
.08
.09
.10
.12
.22

M ass. .
N .J —
P a -----M e ... .
R .I . . .
N .C .. Ohio .
K a n s ..

IOWA.

.•a

IN D E X ,
A rk . ..2 3 N .H ... 1
C a l . . . .29 N .J. ..1 1
C o lo ...2 2 N .Y .. .16
D .C . ..1 8 N.C. . . 7
111.........13 O h io .. 6
In d-----2|0reg. .2 1
Iowa . . 3 P a ........ 10
K a n s .. 5 R .I ... . 8
M e .. . . 9,T enn. .15
M d .--.1 9 V t___ 14
M ass. .12iV a. ...2 8
M ich. .17 W a sh .. 4
M inn. .20 W .V a . 25
Mo. ..24 W is. ..27
N ebr. .26.

10% an d over

r^'

Ratio o f Membership
to Population,
by States,

J

Ratio o f Membership
to Population,

\

„___ 1 SSO,

by States,

^

r r r v is & o . < ---

t

NEBR.

IOWA.

IOWA.

NEBR.
KANS.
KANS.

No rep o rt.
Rank
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
II
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3

8Ute
mo.

:::
N .J —

C a l.. . .
N .Y .. .
O reg. .
M d .. ..
D ak . ..
N ebr. .
K a n s ..
In d ----Ohio ..
M ic h ..
I ll..........
Iowa ..
M inn. .
P a. ..
1 W i s .. .

U n d e r i% .

Per Ct
.004
.01
.03
.05
.11
.14
.15
.18
.21
.27
.31
.32
.33
.39
.41
.47
.75
.76

IN D E X ,
C a l----- 15|Minn.. 3
D ak . ..11 Mo___ 17
11
1 .......5 N.J----- 16

I n d .... 8 |N.Y.. .14
Iowa . . 4 Ohio . . 7
K a n s .. 9 O reg. .13
K y .. ..18 N ebr. .10
M d .. -1 2 P a . .. 2
M ic h .. 6 iW is— 1

Rank

State

PerCt

5
4
3
2
1

C o lo ...
A r iz ...
W y o ...
I d a ----U t a h ..

1.57
12.48
14.38
18.41
38.60

CO PYRIG H T, 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SONS.

R ELIG IO N

P l a t e 61

DENOMINATIONAL STATISTICS. —Continued.

(Based on D ata Collected by
W . H. D e Puy, D. D .)

Ratio o f Membership

Ratio by States',

1880.

8

Hank

2
0
28
27
26
25
24
23

1a sh. ..
1
2 A al------.
2C la.---2
1
2 N .J 0s s
W is. . .
19
18
17
16
15
14
13

Dale.

Ratio by States,

Per Ct.

tate

L a -----Nebr. .
S.C . . .
W .V a .
T ex___
N .O ....
O reg. .
K ans. .
M iss. ..
F la . . . .
Mo. . . .
Ga.........

36
35
34
33
32
31
30

..

P a. . ..
M inn. .
D .C . . .
M ich . .

.02
0
.0
1
.0
1
.0
1
.0
1
.0
1
.0
1
.0
2
.0
2
.0
2
.0
2

1880.

.003
.003

Rank

2 Iowa..
2
2 Ind,...
1
2 Fla....
0N.J—
19

.03
.03
.03
.03
.03
.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.05
.07
.07

18 Conn..
17 N . Y . . .
16 Colo...
15 Mich. .
14 Cal.. ..
13 Oreg. .

.13
.13
.14
.1 7

9
7

5
4
3

Per Ct.
.013
.003

.01
0
1
.0
.0
1
.0
1
.0
1
.0
1
.0
1
.0
1
.0
1
.0
1
.0
2
.0
2
.0
2
.0
2
.0
2
.0
2
.03

1 I ll.......... .03
2
1 Dak. ... .03
1 Nebr. .04
1 W ) 8 .... .03
0
9
.04
8Del.... .04
.05
7 D.C. ..
ash..
6 VWt ......... .(’6
.08
5

1 JIowa . .
2
1 Idll.......... .1
1 a
1 N .Y . .. 0
0
Ind.
8Conn.. ..
6Ohio .. .2
N.H. ..
0
R .I ....
.2
2
iM e... .
ass.
2Mt------.
1V
___

State

32 Tenn..
31 Ark. ..
30 Ky. ...
29 Md. ...
28 S.C.—
27 L a _____
26 Pa......
25 Ohio ..
24 Kans..
23 Mo_
_

4 R .I —. .
3 Me... .

2Mass. .
1

.25
.36
.51

N .H ...

CHURCH OF GOD.
(W1NEBRENNARIAN.)
—

/

UA ,
TH

/

.09
.16
.30
.62

Ratio o f Membership

Ratio o f Membership
to Population,

.- ft

i
i

COLO.

V ~ -1 —
ark.
Ratio by States,

Ratio by States,

1880.
Rank

State

Mo. . . .
13 M ich. .
Ohio ..
V a-----..........
9 T e x .. .
Iowa ..
7 K ans. .
14

1880.
PerCt.

Rank

1
2
1 1
1
.05
1 1
01
.05
.06
8
.06
.09
6 I n d .... .1 1
0
5
.1 1
0
Me. . . .
.1 1
2
3
2Ma........ .13 1
1 P d .. - .19
5

K y .. ..
V a........

1 Ill.........
2
1
1
1 N .Y ...
0
8
6 N .J ----

.04
.04
.04

4

State

14
13

.0 S C A L E
2

M ic h ..
Io w a ..

IN D E X .

9

A r k .. . 3 M ich . .13
.........10 M o ... .14
I n d .... 5 Nebr. . 6
Iowa . . 8 Ohio ..12
K a n s .. 7 P a . . . . . 1
M e .. .. 4 T ex. . . 9
M d .. . . 2 V a........ 11

11
1

7

5
4
3

M d ... .
I n d ....
O h io ..
M in n ..
W is ....

2 Na.C ....
1 P ........

Per Ct.

.02
0
.0
1
.0
1
.0
2
.0
2
.0
2
.03
.03
•04
.05
.08
.14
.14
.1 5

NEW JERUSALEM .

SUMMARY.

Ratio o f Membership
to Population,

R E L IG IO U S D E N O M IN A T IO N S IN T H E
U N IT E D ST A T E S ,

1880.

Religious Divisions o f the World.
(E stim ate from Schem ’s S tatistics.)

SC A LE:
Kind

Eastern churches.........
Protestant....................
Homan Catholic...........

Adherents

81,000,000
106,000,000

50.000,000 Adherents.
250,0 00,000
500 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
750,000,000

201,000,000

I 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

388.000.
000
7,000,000
Sinto Religion..............
14.000.
000
Followers of Confucius 80.000.
000
Brahmanism................ 175.000.
000
Mohammedan.............. 201,000,000
340.000.
000
Total non-Christian......... 817.000. 000
Grand Total.................... 1,205,000,000
CO PYRIG H T, 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

V III—Oc CUPATIONS.
IN D E X

TO

PLATES.

TOTAL PERSONS OCCUPIED.............................Plate62 PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL SER­
VICES............................................................ Plate 65
R a t io to P e r s o n s o f T e n Y e a r s a n d O v e r.
T o ta l, b y S ta te s.

R a tio o f P e r s o n s E n g a g e d In, to P e r s o n s o f T e n
Y e a r s a n d O v e r.
T o ta l E n g a g e d In, b y S t a t e s ; b y C la sse s.

TOTAL MALES OCCUPIED.................................. Plate62
R a t io to M a le s o f T e n Y e a r s a n d O v e r.
T o ta l, b y S ta te s.

TOTAL FEMALES OCCUPIED.............................Plate63

TRADE AND TRANSPORTATION..................... Plate 66
R a t io o f P e r s o n s E n g a g e d In, to P e r s o n s o f T e n
Y e a r s a n d O v e r.
T o ta l E n g a g e d In, b y S t a t e s ; b y C la sse s.

R a t io to F e m a le s o f T e n Y e a r s a n d O v e r.
T o ta l, b y S ta te s.

INCREASE IN OCCUPATIONS.....................Plate 63 MANUFACTURES, MECHANICS AND MIN­
C o m p a r e d w ith In c r e a s e in P o p u la tio n .
ING........................................ .....................Plate 67
R a tio o f P e r s o n s E n g a g e d In, to P e r s o n s o f T e n
FIFTY PRINCIPAL CITIES...............................Plate 63
Y e a r s a n d O v e r.
T o ta l E n g a g e d In, b y S t a t e s ; b y C la sse s.

R a t io o f P e r s o n s O c c u p ie d to P o p u la tio n .

AGRICULTURE......................

Plate 64 SELECTED OCCUPATIONS..................Plates 68-69
P erson s of T en

R a t io o f P e r s o n s E n g a g e d In, to
Y e a r s a n d O v e r.
T o ta l E n g a g e d In, b y S t a t e s ; b y C la sse s.

E x p la n a to r y .—

The

Plates treating

R a t io to T o ta l P o p u la tio n , b y S ta te s .
R a t io o f T o ta l O c c u p a tio n s to T o ta l P o p u la tio n .

I n G e n e r a l. —

The number of persons

In 1880, the number was 14,744,942, which

reported by the census as pursuing gainful

was 29^ of the total population and 78^ of

upon the statistics furnished by the United

and

all males over ten years of age.

States Census, which relate only to “ gainful

17,392,099, or 34^ per cent, of the total pop­

and reputable” occupations.

ulation.

of occupations, 62-69 inclusive,

are

based

In this term are

reputable

occupations

in

1880

was

In 1870, the number was 12,505,923,

The number of those classed as working
females was, in 1870, 1,836,288, being 4^ per

included only those which are directly pro­

being 32^ per cent.

If the number of bread­

cent, of the total population, and 13^ per cent,

ductive of gain, whether in the shape of wages,

winners had increased only in the same pro­

of the number of females over ten years of

or other forms of direct compensation or profit.

portion as the population increased, that is,

age.

The large numbers of women who are engaged

about 30 per cent., the number would have

in 1880 was 2,647,157, or 5^ per cent, of the

in housework for their own families do not

been,

total population, and 14^ per cent, of all

come under this definition; while, on the other

with the actual number of bread-winners in

females over ten years of age.

hand, women servants engaged in housework

1880, it appears that, in proportion to popula­

show an increase in the proportional number

for hire are included.

tion, this class has increased not less than

of working males in the ratios of 1000 to 1067

in the field at agricultural labor, whether for

6^ per cent.

This may be due in a certain

and of working females of 1000 to 1190, indi­

wages or not, are included; while the wives

degree to the closer enumeration of 1880, but

cating not only a decided proportional increase

and daughters of farmers engaged, for exam­

the fact is unquestionable, that, owing mainly

in each class, but a much greater increase

ple, in dairying on their own account, are not

to the extension of the factory system, the

among females than among males.

enumerated.

increased division of labor, and the opening

A ll women employed

in

1880, 16,257,700.

Comparing this

Similarly, the number in the same class

These figures

The distinction thus made by the Census

of wider fields of employment for women, the

Office, while it may perhaps be considered to

proportion of those engaged in gainful occu­

P r i n c i p a l C la s se s o f O c c u p a ­
tio n s . — The various occupations included

some extent an arbitrary one, is, unquestion­

pations materially increased during the decade.

in the above enumeration have been grouped

ably, from an industrial point of view, correct;

In 1870, the number of working males over

by the Census Office in four general classes,

and, moreover, it is one which is capable of

ten years of age was 10,669,635, or 27^ per

namely:

sharper limitation than is possible under any

cent, of the total population and 74^ per cent,

personal services.

other definition.

of the number of males over ten years of age.

tation.
.!•

1. Agriculture.
4.

2. Professional and

3. Trade

Manufacturing,

and

transpor­

mechanical

and

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS,

lx v i
mining industries.

This classification is not

proportion of working females is found in the

This shows that males between the ages

W hile

class of personal and professional services. The

of 16 and 59 were very generally employed.

from one point of view, it is a natural one, from

greater part of those enumerated in this class

The unemployed remainder may be presumed

others it is quite the reverse, and it has the

are domestic servants, laundresses, nurses and

to be made up of students, invalids, paupers

practical disadvantage of failing to afford sharp

boarding-house keepers.

O f the large number

and criminals, and those who, having acquired

lines of demarkation between the classes. Thus,

of females

in manufactures, the

a competency, have retired from active business,

of the great class of laborers, a portion, greater

greater proportion are milliners, seamstresses,

though the last mentioned doubtless form but

or smaller according to the time of the year,

dressmakers, and cotton-mill operatives.

a small proportion.

the first class, while the rest fall in the second

D istrib u tion b y A g e an d Sex.—

A ll O ccu p ation s, b y States.—The

class.

A s a matter of fact, a large number of

The following table shows the number, and

diagram on Plate 69 showing by states the

agricultural laborers, especially in the South,

proportion by age and sex, of those engaged

ratio of bread-winners to the aggregate popu­

were returned simply as laborers, and hence

in gainful avocations, in 1870 and 1880:

lation, exhibits a wide divergence among the

by any means all that could be desired.

employed

are agricultural laborers, and are placed in

are incorrectly placed in the second class.
The numbers engaged in each of these

C l a ss e s .

P ercent­
N um ber.

four classes in 1870 and in 1880 are presented
below, with the percentage which each class

1880.

age of
o tal

T

.

country being 34^, per cent.
A s a rule, the low ratios are found in

4 -3 8

8 2 5 ,18 7

4-7 5

f e m a le ..

1 9 1 ,1 0 0

1 .5 2

2 9 3 ,16 9

1 .6 8

those states in which agriculture is the pre­

9 ,4 8 6 ,7 3 4

7 5 .8 8

1 2 ,9 8 6 ,1 1 1

7 4 .6 6

dominant industry, and where, owing to the

f e m a le ..

1 , 5 9 4 ,7 8 3

12-75

2 ,2 6 3 ,1 1 5

I 3-I3

settled conditions of society, the ratio of the

A b o v e 60 y e a r s , m a l e . .

6 3 4 ,8 3 7

5 -° 7

9 3 3 ,6 4 4

5-37

adult male element to the total population is

5 0 ,4 0 5

O.4O

70 ,8 73

O .4 I

“

“

C la s s e s .
N um ber.

N u m be r .
.

to 56^ per cent., the average of the whole

5 4 8 ,0 6 4

10 to 15 y e a r s , m a l e . . .
“

P er
C ent.

a g e of
o tal

T

Percent­

16 to 5 9 y e a r s , m a l e . . .

made of the total:
1870.

different states, the ratios ranging from 27^

1880.

1870.

P er
C ent.

N um ber.

“

“

“

fe m a le .

A g r i c u l t u r e ...............................

5 . 9 2 2 ,4 7 1

47

7 , 6 7 0 ,4 9 3

44

P r o fe s s io n a l, e tc ., s e r v ic e s .

2 ,6 8 4 ,7 9 3

21

4 ,0 7 4 ,2 3 8

23

T r a d e a n d t r a n s p o r t a tio n .

i,i

9 i ,2 3 8

IO

1 ,8 1 0 ,2 5 6

II

The above table shows that in every class,

M a n u fa c tu r e s , e t c ..................

2 ,7 0 7 ,4 2 1

22

3 ,8 3 7 ,1 1 2

22

with the exception of males between 16 and 59

IOO

IOO

10 0 .0 0

10 0 .0 0

not materially greater than the average for the
country at large.

In these states, also, the class

engaged in gainful occupations comprises few
besides the adult male element, females thus

years of age, there has been an increase rela­

Increasing the numbers in 1870 proportion­

employed being comparatively few in number.

tively to the total number of persons employed.

ally to the increase in population during the

In confirmation of this is the fact that in the

Increasing the number of these classes in 1870

decade between 1870 and 1880, the following

in proportion to the increase in population and

conditions are developed.

In agriculture, the

proportion of bread-winners, the percentage of

comparing them with the numbers in the cor­

number in proportion to population slightly

females engaged in gainful occupations is but

responding classes in 1880, the following results

diminished, in spite of the proportional increase

io£ per cent, of the total number of females,

are obtained, showing for each 100 of each class

of total occupations, being 996 in 1880 to 1000

while in the other states this percentage is 20^,

in 1870 (after making the above increase), the

in 1870.

number in 1880:

In the second, third and fourth classes,

there was an increase.

This increase in the

case of the second class, that of personal and
professional services, was in the ratio of 1000

“

fe m a le s ......................................................................................

118
10 5

“

f e m a le s ................................................................................

10 8

A b o v e 60 y e a r s , m a le s ...........................................................................

to 1167.

In the class of trade and transport­

116

16 to 5 9 y e a r s , m a l e s .........................................................................................
“
“

“

113

f e m a l e s ........................................................

10 8

ation, there was an increase from 1000 to 1169,

In other words, there were, for every ioo

and in that of manufacturing, mechanical and

males between the ages of io and 15 years,

mining industries, from 1000 to 1090.

This

employed in 1870, 116 in 1880, the population

movement of the population away from agri­

being supposed to be equal at the two dates;

culture and toward those avocations which

and there was a similar increase in the other

presuppose a denser degree of settlement, is

classes.

in strict accordance with the course of devel­

female children between 10 and 15 years of

opment of the country.

age; the smallest, among males between the

The following table shows the distribution
by sex of the persons engaged in the four
great classes of occupations, severally, in 1880:

largest increase was among

ages of 16 and 59 years, who form the great
body of bread-winners.
The following table shows the ratio between
the number employed and the total population

F em ales.

M ales.

The

C la s s e s .
N um ber.

P er
C ent.

A g r i c u l t u r e ................................

7 , 0 7 5 ,9 8 3

9 2-3

5 9 4 ,5 1 0

P e r s o n a l, e tc ., s e r v i c e s . . . .

2 ,7 1 2 ,9 4 3

6 6 .6

1 ,3 6 1 ,2 9 5

1,7 5 0 ,8 9 2

9 6 .7

5 9 ,3 6 4

3 ,2 0 5 ,1 2 4

8 3-5

6 3 1,9 8 8

1 6 .5

proportions and

in the composition of the

classes of workers.

W here manufacturing is

a leading industry, as in most of the North
Atlantic states, the proportion of bread-winners
is swollen by the large numbers of women and
children employed in factories and as house­
hold servants, milliners, dressmakers, and in
other avocations accompanying dense settle­
ment.

In the cotton states of the South the

proportion is greatly increased by the general
labor of the colored women and children in the
fields.

In the newer states and territories of

the W est (with the exception of Utah and
New

Mexico)

the

proportion

of workers

is exceptionally large, the excess being due

3 -3

M a n u fa c t u r in g , e t c ...............

bread-winners, differ in the cause of these high

almost entirely to the preponderance of the

3 3 -4

T r a d e a n d t r a n s p o r t a tio n .

in each class:

7-7

N um ber.

P er
C ent.

or nearly twice as great.
Those states which have a high ratio of

10 to 15 y e a r s , m a le s .........................................................................................
“

twenty states which have less than the average

Percentage E m ployed .
C la ss e s .

are found in the cotton states, where, as is
stated elsewhere, those of the colored race
work very generally in the fields.

The largest

female.

1870.

1880.

...........................

19-3

2 4 .4

f e m a le s .....................................

6 .9

9 .0

16 to 5 9 y e a r s , m a le s ..........................................

9 1 .0

9 3 -4

f e m a l e s .....................................

15-5

1 6 .9

males and females, it is seen that the highest

A b o v e 60 y e a r s , m a l e s .....................................

63-5

64-3

proportions of the former are found in the

5-3

5-2

10 to 15 y e a r s , m a le s ...........
“

Most of the females engaged in agriculture

male sex, which here greatly outnumbers the

“

“

“

“

f e m a le s ..................................

D is t r ib u t io n o f M a le B r e a d W in n e rs. — Distinguishing the workers as

Southern

states,

contrary,

perhaps,

to

the

OCCUPA TIONS.
generally received opinion.
in which cotton

In all the states

is the leading crop, from

lxvii

branches of manufactures connected with it,

personal and professional services.

In the

agriculture and stock-raising.

Western group, as a whole, manufacturing and
mining industries are at the front, at the

North Carolina around the Gulf to Texas and
the proportion of working males to the whole

T h e B a te o f Increase o f B read W in n e rs. — The diagram on Plate 63 illus­

professional services are Qnly second in import­

number of males above ten years of age,

trating the rate of increase of bread-winners

ance.

exceeds 80 per cent.

The highest proportion

between 1870 and 1880, in comparison with

the leading occupation.

in the country, with the exception of Arizona,

that of population, shows that in thirty-five

is found in Alabama, where no less than 89 per

of the states and

cent, of all males over ten years of age, are

increased more rapidly than population, while

engaged in gainful avocations.

in but twelve was the reverse the case.

whose labor is of any value.

forms of the total number employed:
P ercentage of T otal
O ccupations .

number of bread-winners relative to the popu­

In the northeastern portion of the country

lation; also, in the South Atlantic group, with

is found a second area, where for very similar

the exception of Virginia, and in the Southern

reasons the proportion of male workers is high.

Central group, with the exception of Mississippi

This comprises the manufacturing states of

and Tennessee.

New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island

three states are doubtless due to the fact that

S T A T E S A N D T E R R IT O R IE S .

and Connecticut.

The high proportion in this

Manufacturing,
Mechanical and
Mining Pursuits.

has taken place, in every state, a gain in the

which the number in each class of occupations

In the North Atlantic group of states there

fields, not only of adults, but of all children

The following table shows the percentage

Agriculture.

to the almost universal employment in the

In all the other sections agriculture is

Trade and
Transportation.

This is owing

territories bread-winners

expense of agriculture, while personal and

Professional
and Personal
Services.

Arkansas, with the sole exception of Florida,

N o r t h A t l a n t i c G ro u p .

fewer children labor in the fields than ten years

36

N e w H a m p s h i r e ..................................................

3i

20
20

V e r m o n t ..................................................................

46

24

M a s s a c h u s e t t s .......................................................

9

24

l

R h o d e I s l a n d .......................................................

9

21

13

57

C o n n e c t i c u t ............................................................

The relative losses in these

M a i n e ..........................................................................

18

21

*3

48.

N e w Y o r k ................................................................

13

31

8

41

8
6

'5 1

22

ago, owing to an improvement in material

dren in manufacturing establishments.

conditions.
In the Northern Central group, a relative

paratively little labor is carried on by males

decrease occurred only in Ohio, Nebraska and
Kansas.

In Ohio the decrease is due to the

cause given

below the average of the country.

above, while in the cases of

Nebraska and Kansas, this decrease is pro­

D istrib u tio n o f F em ale B re a d ­
-W in n e rs. — The proportion of females

duced by the influx of families, in the place
of the solitary ranchman, thus increasing the

engaged in gainful occupations differs much

population, while

more widely in the different states than that

proportion

relatively diminishing the

of bread-winners.

To

the

last

mentioned cause, also, is to be attributed the

of males.
As in the case of the latter, the highest
proportion is found in the cotton states, where

decreased proportion in Montana, Wyoming,
Arizona, Nevada, Idaho and Washington.

In

women, especially of the colored race, work

several of these territories the decrease has

veiy generally in the fields.

been

In South Caro­

lina 35 per cent, of all females over ten years

18

33

is

28

40

P e n n s y l v a n i a ..........................................................

21

31

17
12

D e l a w a r e ..................................................................

33

32

9

26

M a r y l a n d ..................................................................

28

26

2

31
60

15

D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b i a . ....................................

3°

5
6

23

51

W e s t V i r g i n i a .......................................................

61

18

6

N o r t h C a r o l i n a ....................................................

75

14

15
8

S o u t h C a r o l i n a ....................................................

75

l

G e o r g i a .....................................................................

72

18

3
4
4

F l o r i d a .................................................................... ..

64

20

7

9

A l a b a m a ..................................................................

77

l

6

3

4

M i s s i s s i p p i ...............................................................

82

12

L o u i s i a n a ..................................................................

57

27

3
8

3
8

T e x a s ....................................................... ..

69

19

A r k a n s a s ..................................................................

83

9

7
4

T e n n e s s e e ........... .. .................................................

66

K e n t u c k y . .................................................

.........

62

21
20

5
6

5
4
8
12

O h i o ............................................................................

40

25

IO

25

9

17

I l l i n o i s ............................ ...........................................

52
44

22
23

13

20

relatively very great.

Increasing the

number of bread-winners in 1870 by the ratio

I n d i a n a .....................................................................

M i c h i g a n ..................................................................

42

25

IO

23

47

23

9

21

M i n n e s o t a .................................... .. ........................

53
57

23

IO

15

20

IO

5i

21

12

13
l6

64

17

8

II

19

IO

24

II

12
l6

and Louisiana, 29 per cent., and in Alabama

1880, the

K a n s a s .......................................................................

as follows:

In

W yom ing each 10,000 in 1870 was reduced

These proportions are surprising, when con­

to 5,866 in 1880; in Idaho to 6,586, and in

5
6

W i s c o n s i n ................................................................

of increase in population between 1870 and
stand

6

13

N o rth e rn C e n t r a l G ro u p .

of age are workers, in Georgia, Mississippi

two will

i

S o u t h e r n C e n t r a l G ro u p .

I o w a ............................................................................

28 per cent.

36

S o u t h A t l a n t i c G ro u p .

In the Northern Central section, where com­
under age, the proportion of workers is slightly

29

V i r g i n i a .....................................................................

area is produced by the employment of chil­

20

J e r s e y .............. ..............................................

N ew

M i s s o u r i .......................................................... ..

N e b r a s k a ..................................................................
D a k o t a .......................................................................

59
49

W e s t e r n G roup.
M o n t a n a ...............................................................

trasted with those in the manufacturing states

21

31

12

36

W y o m i n g ..............................................................

Nevada to 8,176.

19

45

17

13

25

15

*9
47

N e w M e x i c o ......................................................

35

47

8

IO

5

37

15

33

highest percentage

Other W estern states and territories, to

C o l o r a d o ..............................................................

found in any state in this section, namely, in

which emigration was very rapid during the

A r i z o n a ,..................................................................

i

U t a h ........................................................................

36

28

IO

26

N e v a d a ..................................................................

13

32

14

4i

I d a h o . ....................................................................

8

42

of New England.

The

Rhode Island, where manufactures employing

decade, show the opposite result.

women are relatively most numerous, is but 26,

orado, with great accessions of population,

while in Massachusetts it is 23, and in Con­

Thus Col­

gained heavily in bread-winners, the propor­
tional figures being as 10,000 is to 11,815.

necticut 19 per cent.

25

25

W a s h i n g t o n .........................................................

43

22

O r e g o n ...................................................................

40

25

9

26

C a l i f o r n i a ...........................................................

21

32

*5

32

II

24

In the Northern Central group of states,

The explanation of this, as of the like cases

where the principal gainful occupations are

of Utah, Dakota and Oregon, is that immigra­

more fully shown in the maps and diagrams

those relating to agriculture, the work is done

tion consisted very largely of males.

upon Plates 64-67.

almost entirely by men, the proportion of

notably the case in Colorado, where the large

women ranging from 6 to 10 per cent. only.

influx of male population was due to mining

A g ricu ltu re . — The

developments at Leadville and other points.

relating

Throughout the W estern group of states the

This was

This

distribution of occupations is still

to

first of these, Plate 64,

agricultural

occupations,

shows

that, in proportion to the total number of per­

the proportion is low, a condition due jointly

sons ten years of age and over, the number

munity, and to the fact that avocations suitable

T h e F o u r P r in c ip a l Classes, b y
States. — There is a great preponderance in

for the female sex are not extensively followed,

the North Atlantic group (Maine excepted) of

in the cotton states, nine of which stand

the main industries being mining

persons employed

together at the head of the list.

to the small proportion of women in the com­

and the

in manufactures, and in

employed in this class of occupation is highest
N ext to

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLA S.

lxviii

Central group, mingled with the remaining

M an u factu res, M e c h a n ic s a n d
M in in g. — In the fourth class, that of manu­

in percentages of the total number of each

states of the South Atlantic and Southern

factures, mechanics and mining, Rhode Island

nationality:

Central groups.

stands

the

number
N A T IO N A L IT Y .

interspersed with the principal mining states

show

and territories, and the cotton states are last.
In absolute numbers, New York, as in all the

IO

19

14

43

14

29

G e r m a n y ................................................. ..................

28

21

15

36

G r e a t B r it a i n ............................................................

22

17

12

49

S c a n d i n a v i a ..............................................................

45

26

8

21

B r it is h

21

26

9

44

New Hampshire, New Jersey and Pennsylvania,

group, with the mining states and territories,

22

following it, come Massachusetts, Connecticut,

manufacturing states of the North Atlantic

49

of inhabitants above ten years of age, while

grain states of the Mississippi Valley, while the

U n i t e d S t a t e s .................. .......................................
I r e l a n d ........................................................................

Near the middle of the list are the great

Manufacturing,
etc.

to

Trade and
Transportation.

proportion

Personal
and Professional
Services.

first in

four principal classes of occupations, expressed

Agriculture.

them, follow the border states of the Northern

the

smallest proportion

of

persons

engaged in agriculture.
It is probable that the number of this class

other classes except agriculture, is in the lead,

A m e r i c a .....................................................

is somewhat understated, owing to the fact

while the other Northern states follow, the

that in many sections

agricultural laborers

larger proportion of this class in the manu­

It appears that of the natives, very nearly

have been returned by the enumerators simply

facturing states being offset by the greater

one-half are engaged in agricultural pursuits,

as “ laborers,” in consequence of which they

population in the Mississippi Valley.

nearly one-fourth in personal and professional
services, one-tenth in trade and transportation,

have been thrown into the class of “ personal
and professional services,” which has thus been

O ccu p atio n s in C itie s —The

unduly swollen.

on Plate 63 shows that the ratio of the total

comparison of the native and the foreign ele­

number engaged in gainful

ments presents the following results: First, in

diagram

occupations to

and nearly one-fifth in manufactures, etc.

A

P e rso n a l an d P rofession al Ser­
vices. — In proportion to the number of

the total population, in fifty principal cities,

no

is far above the average of the whole country.

agriculturists so high as

inhabitants ten years of age and upward, the

The lowest ratio here presented, that of A lle­

population, the only one approaching it being

District of Columbia, which ranks lowest in

gheny City, Pa., is 32.99 per cent., and the

the Scandinavian.

agricultural pursuits, leads all the states and

highest, that of Lowell, Mass., is 50.08, the

of natives engaged in manufactures is smaller

territories, in the numbers engaged in pro­

average for these cities being but little, if any,

than of any other nationality. The Irish appear

fessional and personal services.

below 40 per cent., while the average of the

to be exceptionally averse to agricultural pur­

almost unbroken line, are the states and terri­

country at large is but 34.68 per cent.

suits, while they appear, as

tories of the W estern group, with the exception

due not only to the larger percentage of

largely in the class of personal and professional

of Oregon, Washington and Utah, which have

working males found, as a rule, in cities, but to

services.

large agricultural interests.

About the middle

the fact that it is in cities that women and

extensively in the class of manufactures, and

of the list are the North Atlantic states, inter­

children find most of the avocations which are

to a considerable degree in farming.

spersed with those of the Northern Central

suited to them.

natives of Great Britain, nearly one-half are

Following in

This is

other nationality is the

proportion

of

among the native

Secondly, the proportion

The Germans are

laborers, most
engaged most
O f the

engaged in manufactures; the Scandinavians

group, while, as a rule, the Southern states

are distributed not very differently from our

numbers of those engaged in personal and

R elatio n s o f N a tiv ity to O ccu p a­
t i o n s . — The following table exhibits the

professional services, the most populous states

nativity of those engaged in gainful occupa­

which name may be held as being practically

of course stand first, and the states stand

tions, both the total number of each nationality,

synonymous with

throughout, nearly in the order of their popu­

and the percentage which each bears to the

principally employed in manufactures.

lation.

total number of bread-winners;

show the smallest proportions.

In absolute

T ra d e an d T ran sp o rtatio n .—The
third class, that of trade and transportation, has
its greatest development, in proportion to the
population over ten years of age, in the most
sparsely settled states and territories of the
W est and the North Atlantic states.

Next in

importance are the Northern Central states,

This

means of public conveyance, bring up the rear.

“ French Canadians,” are

distribution

of

occupations among

the foreign element is coincident with, and

N u m be r .

P ercentage
of T o tal .

I 3 >8 9 7 ,4 5 2

N A T IO N A L IT Y .

7 9 .9 1

element toward cities, indicated in the con­
cluding remarks on the foreign element, in the

mutually explanatory of, the movement of this

9 7 8 ,8 5 4

5-6 3

1 ,0 3 3 ,1 9 0

5 -9 4

4 6 6 ,5 0 5

2 .6 8

chapter on Population (pages 50-51).

in general, from the densely populated coun­

2 0 5 ,5 9 5

1 .1 8

3 5 1 ,1 0 3

2.02

4 5 9 ,4 7 °

2 .6 4

100.00

while the Southern states, which are largely
self-supporting, and have comparatively slight

native population; and the British Americans,

The following table shows the proportions
of the different nationalities engaged in the

Coming,

tries of the old world, immigrants naturally
make the nearest approach possible to their
former surroundings, and continue to follow
that class of occupations to which they have
been most accustomed.

O C GUPATIO U T S
N

P l a t e 62

TOTAL PERSONS OCCUPIED.
(Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.)

Ratio of Total Persons Engaged in Useful Occupations, to Total
Persons Ten Years of A ge and Over, by States.

R
ank State

Total Number Engaged in Useful
Occupations,by States. SCALE:

R
ank State
47
40
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

N um ber

50,000 Persons.

Wyo. .
Ida. ..
Mont. .
Ariz. .
Wash.Nev...
Utah..
N.iltx
Del. ..
Dak. .
D.C. ..
Oreg..
Fla. ..
Colo. .

8,884
15,578
22,255
22,271
30,122
32,233
40.055
40,822
54.580
57,844
66,624
67,343
91,536
101,251
R .l—
116,979
Vt. ...
118,584
N.IL-.
142,468
Nebr..
152,614
W. Va. , 176,199
Me....
231,993
Conn..
241,333
Minn..
255,125
Ark...
260,692
Kans..
322,285
Md.. .
324,432
363,228
La. ...
376,505
Cal. ..
s .c .. .
392,102
N.J. ..
396,879
Miss. .
415,500
417,455
W is...
Tenn..
447,970
N.C. — 480,187
[Ala. ..
492,790
V a....
494,240
K y ....
619,854
Tex...
522,133
528,302
Iowa .
569,204
Mich..
597,802
Ga....
Ind. ..
635,080
Mo....
692,959
Mass..
720,774
Dhio .
994,475
999,780
i n _____
Pa. ... 1,450,067
N.Y... 1,884,645

100,000

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
i

W.Va.
Utah..
[Ohio..
Tenn.Wis...
Ind. ..
Ill......
Mo....
Me....
K y....
Iow a.
v t ....
Pa. ...
Minn..
Kans..
N .J...
Mich..
N.Mex
Md....
V a....
N.Y...
Nebr..
Conn..
D.C...
Ark...
Tex...
Del. ..
Fla. ..
N.II.—
N.C...
Mass..
Oreg..
R.l—
Wyo...
Wash.Miss. .
Cal. ..
La. ...
G a....
Ala. ..
Dak...
S.C. ..
Ida. ..
Nev.. .
Colo. .
Ariz. .
Mont. .

Per
C
ent

SCALE:

41.11
41.21
41.40
42.18
43.23
43.26
44.06
44.49
44.64
44.08
44.71
44.91
45.46
45.56
45.76
45.85
46.03
46.41
46.66
46.67
47.33
47.95
48.53
48.66
49.01
49.06
49.24
49.57
49.78
50.02
50.33
51.58
53.06
53.91
54.C6
55.13
65.88
55.96
57.28
57.85
57.93
58.75
62.30
63.62
63.99
67.65
69.57

N.Y.

TOTAL MALES OCCUPIED.
(Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.)

Ratio of Males Engaged in Useful Occupations, to Total Males
Ten Years of A ge and Over, by States.

R k
an

Total Males Engaged in Useful
Occupations,b y States, s c a

R
ank State

N ber
um

8,420
47 Wyo...
46 Ida. ..
15,287
45 Mont. .
21,748
44 Ariz. .
21,800
43 Wash.29,059
42 Nev...
30,730
41 Utah..
37,168
38,560
40 N.Mex
39 Del. _.
46,652
46,966
38 D.C...
54,993
37 Dak...
64,564
36 Oreg..
35 Fla. ..
73,752
87,120
34 R.l—
33 Colo. .
32 Vt. ...
31 N.H... 112,340
30 Nebr.. 142,159
29 W.Va. 164,691
28 Conn.- 192,663
27 Me.... 198,465
26 Minn.. 230,048
25 Ark... 230,076
24 Md. .. 265,632
23 L a.__ 268,176
22 S.C. .. 272,015
21 Kans.. 302,934
20 Miss. . 305,089
19 N .J... 330,103
18 Cal.... 348,303
17 Ala. .. 368,734
16 [Wis... 371,062
15 Tenn.. 391,562
14 N.C. .. 393,211
13 V a .... 411,043
12 iGa.... 445,530
11 Tex... 463,190
10 K y.... 465,432
9 Iowa.- 483,457
8 Mich.. 514,191
7 Mass.. 546,591
6 Ind. .. 583,658
5 Mo.... 630,016
4- Ohio.. 881,836
3 in...... 893,679
2 P a .... 1,239,084
i N.Y... 1,524,264

le

:

50,000 Males.
100,000

S ta te

Wyo. .
Ohio..
Utah..
Wis...
D.C...
Tenn..
Minn..
W. Va.
m___
Me....
Mo....
N .J...
Iowa.
v t . ...
Ind. ..
Md....
Pa. ...
Mich..
Kans..
N.Y...
Nebr.
Fla. ..
K y....
Conn.V a....
Oreg..
N.Mex
Mass..
N.H...
Wash.Miss. .
Tex...
Cal. ..
Ark...
R.l—
La.. ..
Del. ..
S.C. ..
9 N.C...
8 Nev...
7 Ida. ..
6 Dak...
5 Colo. .
4 Ga....
3 Mont. .
2 Ala. ..
i Ariz. .

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
87
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18'
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

Per
C
ent
70.46
72.91
73.48
73.71
74.04
74.65
74.83
75.67
75.86
76.75
77.12
77.41
77.50
77.57
77.57
77.76
77.88
78.01
78.05
78.17
78.53
78.90
79.37
79.48
79.60
79.68
79.89
80.17
80.35
80.53
81.24
81.41
81.93
82.71
82.98
83.28
83.30
83.8G
84.51
84.86
85.35
85.47
86.99
87.39
88.56
89.05
89.83

350,000
400,000
450,000
Ala. ..17 Ky__ lOiN.C. - .14
Ariz.. 44 La. ...28 Ohio:. 4
A rk...25 Me--- 27 Oreg. .36
Cal. ..18 Md__ 24 Pa. ... 2
Colo. .33 Mass.. 7lR.L-.-34
Conn. .28 Mich.. 8,S.C. ..22
Dak...37 Minn. .26 Term. .15
Del. .-39 Miss. .20 Tex... 11
D.C..
Mo--- 5 Utah.. 41
Fla. ..35 Mont. .45 Vt. ...32
Ga. ...12 Nebr..30 Va----13
Ida. ..46 Nev.,.42 Wash.-43
111...... 3 N.H...31 W.Va. 29
Ind. .. 6 N.J. ..19 Wis. ..16
Iowa. 9 N.Mex 40 Wyo. .47
Kans..21 N.Y... 1

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

000,000

1 . 5 0 0 ,0 0 0

Ind.
“ ft

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

OOOT I * TIO I *S
XF
N

P l a t e

63

Ratio of Females Engaged in Useful Occupations, to Total Females

TOTAL FEMALES OCCUPIED.
(Based o d the Returns of the Tenth Census.)

KEY
Under 7#______
7# and under 10#.

10# .•

Total Females Engaged in Useful
Occupations, by States.

R
ank State
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
8
2
1

Ida. ..
Wyo. .
Ariz. .
Mont. .
Wash.Nev...
N.Mex
Oreg..
Dak...
Utah. .
Colo. .
Del. ..
Nebr..
W.Va.
v t ___
Fla. ..
Kans..
D.C...
Minn..
Cal. R.I—
N.H...
Ark...
Me....
Iowa.
Wis...
Conn.Ind. ..
K y....
Mich..
Tenn..
Md....
Tex...
Mo....
N.J. ..
V a....
N.C...
La. ...
Ill___
Miss. .
Ohio..
S.C.. .
Ala. ..
G a ....
Mass..
Pa---N.Y...

N ber
um
291
464
471
507
1,063
1,503
2,262
2,779
2,851
2,887
4.779
7,928
10,455
11,508
16,167
17,784
19,351
19,658
25,077
28,202
29,859
30,128
30,616
33,528
44,845
46,393
48,670
51,422
54,422
55,013
56,408
58,800
58,943
62,943
66,776
83,197
86,976
95,052
106,101
110,417
112,639
120,087
124,056
152,332

u ----- * « IN D E X .

Ala. . 5 Mo... .14
Ariz. .45 Mont. .44
Ark.. .25 Nebr. .35
Cal. . .28 Nev.. .42
Colo. .37 N.H.. .20
Conn.-21 N.J. . .13
Dak.. .39 N.Mex 41
Del. . .36 N.Y.. 1
D.C.. .30 N.C.. .11
Fla. ..32 Ohio. 7
G a... 4 Oreg 40
Ida. . .47 Pa. .. 2
III.... 9 R.I... -27
Ind. . .20 s.c.. 6
Iowa .23 iTenn. .17
Kans. .31 Tex.. 15
Ky... 19 Utah. .38
L a... .10 v t . .. .33
Me... .24 V a... .12
Md. ..16 Wash .43
Mass. . 3 W.Va.34
Mich. .18 Wis.. 22
Minn -29 Wyo.. .46
Miss. . 8

400,000

Ratio of Females Engaged in Useful Occupations,
to Total Females Ten Years of Age
and Over, by States.
— «%in d e x .
Rank

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
a5
34
88
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

9
8
7
6

5
4
3
2

210,983
360,381

1

Per
Cent

State

Ida. ..
Wash.Ariz. .
W.Va.
Oreg..
N.Mex
Kans..
Utah..
Mont..
Ind. ..
Nebr..
Dak...
Iow a.
Mo....
K y ....

Ohio..
Mich..
Ill......
Minn..
Wis...
Colo. .
Wyo. .
Nev...
Tenn.Cal. ..
Tex...
Ark...
v t . ...

Me....
Pa. ...
Del. ..
N.J. ..
V a ....
Md....
N.C...
N.Y...
Conn.Fla. ..
N.IL-Mass..
R.I....
D.C. .
Ala. ..
Ga_
_
La. ...
Miss. .
S.C. ..

4.10
5.41
5.44
5.46
5.63
5.70

■

SCA LE:

6.12

6.19
6.82
7.18
7.62
8.03
8.04
8.50
9.43
9.47
9.52
9.72
9.93
10.01
10.10
10.25
10.40
10.49
11.02
11.90
12.07
12.25
12.84
13.46
14.45
15.20
15.33
16.62
17.58
17.74
19.09
19.51
20.58
23.21
25.86
2C.71
28.34
28.52
29.06
29.21
35.00

10*

..

12#

28# and over..

Ala. . . 5 Mo... .34
Ariz. .45 Mont .39
Ark.. .21 Nebr. .37
Cal. ..23 Nev. .25
Colo. .27 N.H.. . 9
Conn -11 N.J. . .16
Dak...36 N.Mex 42
Del. . -17 N.Y.. .12
D.U.. . 6 N.C.. .13
Fla. ..1C Ohio. .83
G a... . 4 Oreg. .43
Ida. ..47 Pa... .18
III.... 3 R.1... . 7
(1
Ind. . .38 s . c .. 1
Iowa .#5 Tenn -24
Kans -41 Tex.. .22
Ky... .33 Utah. .40
La.. . 3 V t... .20
Me... .19 Va... .15
Md. . .14 Wash -46
M a s s. 8 W.Va 44
Mich. .31 Wis.. -28
Minn. -29 Wyo.. .26
Miss. 2

40*

INCREASE IN OCCUPATIONS.

FIFTY PRINCIPAL CITIES.

(Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.)

(Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.)

Ratio of all Persons Engaged in Useful Occupations,
to Total Population,in Fifty Principal Cities.

City

* -----« sriN D E X .

Ratio of Increase in Total Number Engaged in
Useful Occupations, Compared with Increase
in Population, by States, 1870-1880.

R
ank State
47 Vt. ...
46 Me....
45 Ohio..
44 N.H...
43 Va....
42 Nev...
41 Tenn.40 Mass..
39 Conn.38 K y....
37 Md. ..
36 N.Y...
35 Miss. .
34 IL I.-33 Wyo. .
32 N .J...
31 G a....
30 Ill......
29 Ala. —
28 Del. 27 D.C...
26 N.C...
25 Mo....
24 Ind. ..
23 N.Mex
22 Mich .
21 L a....
20 Wis...
19 F a....
18 Ida. ..
17 S.C. ..
16 Fla. ..
15 W.Va.
14 Iowa.
13 Cal. ..
12 Mont..
11 Utah..
10 Ark...
9 Minn. 8 Oreg..
7 Tex...
n Kans..
5 Wash.4 Nebr..
8 Ariz. .
2 Colo..
i Dak...

ccupa.
Pop. O
------; ■ ■ ■
.5 9.03
3.5 11.41
19.9 18.26
9.0 18.56
23.4 19.77
46.5 19.78
22.5 21.74
22.3, 24.30
15.8 24.77
24.8 25.39
19.7 25.48
15.9 26.40
36.6 30.31
27.2 32.07
127.9 33.69
24.8 34.06
30.2 34.45
21.1 34.74
26.6 34.92
17.2 35.39
34.8 35.85
30.6 36.69
25.9 37.07
17.7 38.25
30.1 39.03
38.2 40.83
29.3 41.64
24.7 42.57
21.6 42.68
117.4 43.19
41.0 48.92
43.5 50.79
39.9 52.91
36.0 53.45
54.3 57.77
90.1 58.42
65.8 86.16
65.6 91.76
77.5 92 32
92.2 119.71
94.4 120.19
173.2 160.22
213.5 208.63
267.2 248.14
318.7 269.34
387.4 475.85
853.2 882.57

Ala.. .29 Mo... .25
Ariz. 3 Mont. 12
Ark.. .10 Nebr. 4
Cal. -.13 Nev.. .42
Colo. 2 N.H.. .44
Conn -39 N.J. . .32
Dak.. VN.Mex 23
Del. . .28 N.Y.. .36
D.C.. .27 N.C.. .20
Fla. . .16 Ohio. .45
G a... .31 Oreg. 8
Ida. ..18 Pa. .. .19
111.... .30 K.i... .34
Ind. . .24 S.C. . .17
Iowa .14 Tenn. -41
Kans - 6 Tex.. 7
Ky... .38 Utah. .11
La.. ..21 V t... .47
Me... .46 Va, . .43
Md. . 37 Wash - 5
Mass. •10 W.Va.15
Mich. .22 Wis.. 20
Minn. . 9 Wyo. .33
Miss. .35

8
.
6
5
4
3
2
1

Allegheny..
Pittsburgh.
Detroit.......
Jersey City_
_
Buffalo..........
Toledo...........
Milwaukee. . .
Albany..........
Cleveland....
Newark.........
Reading........
Camden........
New Orleans.
Columbus___
Louisville___
Dayton..........
Scranton....... .
Brooklyn.........
Indianapolis.
Cambridge..
Chicago........
Rochester.......
New H aven...
Richmond.......
Nashville........
Worcester......
Washington...
Baltimore.......
Cincinnati.......
Syracuse.........
St. Louis.........
Charleston___
Hartford.........
Boston............
Philadelphia- .
Troy...........
Providence_
_
New York......
St. Paul..........
Lynn...............
Denver...........
Paterson.........
San Francisco.
Kansas City...
iWilmington. ..
Minneapolis...
Atlanta...........
Fall River......
Lawrence.......
Lowell---------

IN D E X .

Albany...............43 Lynn.................. 11
Allegheny.......... 50 Milwaukee.........44
Atlanta— ....... 4 Minneapolis...... 5
Baltimore.......... 23 Nashville.......— 26
Boston..............17 Newark............. 41
Brooklyn........... 33 New Haven...... 28
Buffalo...............46 New Orleans— 38
Cambridge.........31 New York......... 13
_
Camden............. 39 Paterson_ — 9
Charleston....... .19 Philadelphia...... 16
Chicago............. 30 Pittsburgh.........49
Cincinnati......... 22 Providence....... 14
50*

Columbus.......... 37 Richmond......... 27
Dayton..............35 Rochester..........29
St. Paul............. 12
Fall River........ . 3 San Francisco... 8
Hartford............18 Scranton............34
Indianapolis...... 32 Syracuse......... . 21
Jersey City........ 47 Toledo............... 45
Kansas City.......7 Troy..................15
Lawrence.......... 2 Washington....... 24
Louisville.......... 36 Wilmington....... 6
Lowell............... 1 Worcester......... 25

800\*

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

,

,

, 850*

I

OCCTJPATIOKS

P late 6 4

AGRICULTURE.
(Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.)

Ratio of Persons Engaged in Agriculture,to Total Persons
Ten Years of A ge and Over, by States, 1880.
R an k

S ta te

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39

D.C...
Mass..
R.I.—
N.J. ..
Nev...
Colo..
Conn.P a....
N.Y...
Wyo. .
Ariz. .
Cal. ..
Md....
Mont. .
Utah...
Ida. ..

:w

37
36
35
34
33
32
31 N . H . . .
30 Me....
2 9 N.Mex
2 8 Del. ..
2 7 Ohio..
26 I l l .............
25 Mich..
2 4 Wis...
23 Oreg..
22 Vt. ...
2 1 Ind.. .
2 0 Mo....
1 9 Wash.18 Minn..
17 V a....
16 W. Va.
1 5 Iowa.
14 K v . —
13 Tenn..
12 Nebr.
11 Dak...
10 Kans..
9 La.. ..
8 Fla. ..
7 Tex...
6 N.C...
5 Ark...
4 Ga....
3 S.C. ..
2 Ala. ..
1 Miss. .

SC A L E

P er
C en t

01.07
04.54
04.96
06.84
08.25
08.56
08.85
09.40
00.48
09.95
10.43

Under 5#........... ....
6# and under 10#—
10#

1 1 .6 6

13.08
14.11
14.97
15.43
15.55
15.80
16.07
16.10
16.57
19.23
19.43
20.29
20.75
20.92
22.56
22.81
22.94
23.48
23.99
25.10
25.69
27.55
27.69
28.44
28.55
29.26
31.63
31.81
33.76
37.60
40.73
41.41
44.14
44.69
45.10

i5# ”

F e m a le s
S ta te

4 7 D.C...
Wyo...
46
4 5 Ariz. .
4 4 Ida. ..
4 3 Nev...
4 2 Mont..
4 1 R.I....
Wqsh.40
3 9 Coio. 3 8 N.Mex
3 7 Utah..
3 6 Dei. ..
3 5 Oreg..
3 4 Dak....
3 3 Conn..
3 2 N.H...
3 1 Vt. ...
3 0 Fla. ..
2 9 N.J. ..
2 8 Mass..
2 7 Cal. ..
2 6 Me....
2 5 Nebr..
2 4 Md....
2 3 W. Va.
2 2 Minn..
2 1 Wis...
2 0 La. ...
1 9 Kans..
1 8 Ark...
1 7 Mich..
1 6 V a....
1 5 Tenn..
1 4 S.C. ..
1 3 P a ....
1 2 Iowa.
11 K y....
1 0 Ind. ..
9 Miss. .
8 Mo....
7 Tex...
6 N.C...
5 N.Y...
4 Ala. ..
3 Ohio..
2 Ga....
1 I lL ^

M a le s

T o ta l

1 ,4 4 5
1 ,6 3 5
3 ,4 2 3
3 ,8 4 7
4 ,1 4 6
4 ,5 0 4
1 0 ,9 1 0
1 2 ,7 0 9
1 3 ,4 6 2
1 4 ,0 2 5
1 4 ,4 7 0
1 7 ,6 0 9
2 7 ,0 0 0
2 8 ,3 6 8
4 3 .9 3 6
4 4 ,2 9 9
5 5 ,0 3 7
4 7 ,4 6 5
5 8 ,9 1 9
6 4 ,7 4 6
7 8 ,7 8 5 :
8 1 ,8 8 7 '
8 9 ,8 8 1
8 9 ,1 7 6
1 0 6 ,9 8 0
1 3 0 ,8 1 7
1 9 4 ,3 8 0
1 4 7 ,5 3 8
2 0 5 ,2 3 4 !
1 9 5 ,0 0 2
2 3 9 ,3 4 6 |
2 3 8 ,9 5 1
2 7 5 ,6 2 0 1
2 0 8 ,6 7 2
2 9 9 ,8 0 9
3 0 2 ,1 7 1
3 1 5 ,4 4 5
3 2 9 ,6 1 4
2 5 2 ,3 2 4
3 5 1 ,6 8 1
3 3 0 ,1 2 5
3 1 4 ,2 2 8
3 7 5 ,2 1 3
2 9 1 ,4 7 7
3 9 6 ,1 2 0
3 2 9 ,8 5 6
4 3 3 ,7 9 6

1 ,4 6 4
1 ,6 3 9
3 ,4 3 5
3 ,8 5 8
4 ,1 8 0
4 ,5 1 3
1 0 ,9 4 5
1 2 ,7 8 1
1 3 ,5 3 9
1 4 ,1 3 9
1 4 ,5 5 0
1 7 ,8 4 9
2 7 ,0 9 1
2 8 ,5 0 8
4 4 ,0 2 6
4 4 ,4 9 0
5 5 ,2 5 1
5 8 .7 3 1
5 9 ,2 1 4
6 4 ,9 7 3
7 9 ,3 9 6
8 2 ,1 3 0
9 0 ,5 0 7
9 0 ,9 2 7
1 0 7 ,5 7 8
1 3 1 ,5 3 5
1 9 5 ,9 0 1
2 0 5 ,3 0 6
2 0 6 ,0 8 0
2 1 6 ,6 5 5
2 4 0 ,3 1 9
2 5 4 ,0 9 9
2 9 4 ,1 5 3
2 9 4 ,6 0 2
3 0 1 ,1 1 2
3 0 3 ,5 5 7
3 2 0 ,5 7 1
3 3 1 ,2 4 0
3 3 9 ,9 3 8
3 5 5 ,2 9 7
3 5 9 ,3 1 7
3 6 0 ,9 3 7
3 7 7 ,4 6 0
3 8 0 ,6 3 0
3 9 7 ,4 9 5
4 3 2 ,2 0 4
4 3 6 ,3 7 1

,_ _
rn
19
4
12

11
34
9
35
72
77
114
80
240
91
140
90
191
214
1 1 ,2 6 6
395
227
611
243
626
1 ,7 5 1
598
718
1 ,5 2 1
5 7 ,7 6 8
846
2 1 ,6 5 3
973
1 5 ,1 4 8
1 8 ,5 3 3
8 5 ,9 3 0
1 ,3 0 3
1 ,3 8 6
5 ,1 2 6
1 ,6 2 6
8 7 ,6 1 4
3 ,6 1 6
2 9 ,1 9 2
4 6 ,7 0 9
2 ,2 4 7
8 9 ,1 5 3
1 ,3 7 5
1 0 2 ,3 4 8
2 .5 7 5

Mo.. 8
Mont. .42
Ark... 18 .Nebr. .25
Cal.. .27 Nev.. .43
Colo. .39 N.H.. .32
Conn.. 33 N.J. ..29
Dak... 34 N.Mex 88
Del. ..36 N.Y.. 5
D.C..A7 N.C.. 6
Fla. ..30 Ohio. 3
Ga__ 2 Oreg. .35
Ida. ..44!Pa... .13
IU___ 1 R.
Ind. ..10 S. C. ..14
Iowa .12 Tenn..l5
Kans..l9 Tex... 7
Ky— 11 Utah.. 37
La. ...20 Vt... .31
Va. ...16
Me...
Wash.-A0
Md..
Mass. .28 W. Va.23
Mich.. 17 Wis. ..21
Minn._22 Wyo...43
Miss. .

IN D E X .

Total Number Engaged in Agriculture, by Classes, 1880.

Agriculture, not specified.........................
Apiarists..................... ..............................
Farm and plantation overseers.................
Stock-drovers.............................................
Florists......................................................
Turpentine farmers and laborers..............
Dairymen and dairywomen.......................
Stock-raisers........................................ ......
Stock-herders.............................................
Gardeners, nurserymen and vine growers..
Agricultural laborers................................. .
Farmers and planters..................................
COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

20#....

..

30# _

30# and over.-------

10,000 Persons.

Agricultural laborers........................... 2
Apiarists.............................................. 11
Dairymen and dairy women................ 6
Farm overseers................................... 10
Farmers.............................................. 1
Florists............................................... 8
Gardeners........................................... 3
Nurserymen......................
3
Plantation overseers........................... 10
Planters.............................................. 1
Stock-drovers........................
9
Stock-herders..................................... 4
Stock-raisers....................................... 5
Turpentine farmers and laborers...... 7
Vine growers...................................... 3

.» 25%__

25# m

SCA LE:

00,000

”

20# .»

IN D E X .

Ala. - a Mo.. .20
Ariz. .37 Mont. .34
Ark.. 5 Nebr. .12
Cal.. 36 Nev.. 43
Colo. .42 N.H.. .31
Conn. .41 N.J. . .44
Dak.. .11 N.Mex 29
Del. . .28 N.Y.. .39
D.C.. .47 N.C. . 6
Fla.. 8 Ohio. .27
Ga... 4Dreg. .23
Ida. ..32 P a... .40
111.... .26 IU ... .45
Ind. . .21 S.C. . . 3
Iowa .15 Tenn. .13
Kans. .1C Tex... 7
K y... .14 Utah. .33
La. .. . « Vt. .. .22
Me... .3C V a... .17
Md... .35 Wash -19
Mass .46 W.Va.10
Mich. 25 Wis.. .24
Minn .« Wyo. .38
Miss. . 1

Total Number Engaged in Agriculture,
by States,1880.

R
ank

15% —.

'>

I .. .41

O C O TX IP ^ T I o 3sr s

P late 6 5
pRatio of Persons Engaged in Professional and Personal Services,to Total Persons,

PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL SERVICES.
(Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.)

Ratio of Persons Engaged in Professional and Personal Services, to
Total Persons Ten Years of A ge and Over, by States, 1880.
Rank

State

47 A rk...
46 Miss. .
45 N.C...
44 W. Ya.
43 Kans..
42 Ala. ..
41 Iowa.40 Tenn..
39 K y ....
88 Nebr..
37 Me....
36 Tex...
35 Ind. ..
34 Mo__
33 S.C. ..
32 Fla. ..
31 N.II...
30 Ga---29 Wis.
28 Ill___
27 Conn.26 Ohio..
25 Minn..
24 Vt. ...
23 R.I—
22 Utah..
21 Mich..
20 Mass..
19 Wash.18 Oreg,.
17 N .J...
lfi N.Y...
15 V a ....
14 Pa.. ..
13 Dak...
12 Md. ..
11 La. ...
10 Ida. ..
’olo. .
9 C
8 Del. ..
7 Cal—
6 Nev...
5 N.Mex
4 Mont. .
3 !Wyo...
2 1Ariz. .
1 ID.C...

Per
Cent

04.41
06.56
07.22
07.39
07.60
08.48
08.80
08.86
08.96
09.03
09.12
09.17
09.35
09.54
09.62
09.71
09.86
09.99
10.10
10.11
10.31
10.43
10.62
10.67
11.18
11.47
11.58
11.88
11.92
12.75
12.79
13.51
13.85
13.95
14.04
14.23
15.12
15.48
15.68
15.89
17.83
20.47
21.65
21.74
24.34
24.94
29.13

A la .. .42]Mo... .34
Ariz. 2 Mont. . 4
Ark.. .47 Nebr. .38
Cal. . 7 Nev.. 6
Colo. 9 N.H.. .31
Conn. .27 N.J. . .17
Dak.. .13 N.Mex 5
Del. .. a N.Y.. .16
D.C.. 1 N.C.. .45
Fla. -.32 Ohio. .26
Ga... .30 Oreg. .18
Ida. ..in Pa. .. .14
111.... .28 R.I... .23
Ind. . .35 S.C. . .33
Iowa .41 Tenn. .40
Kans. .43 Tex.. 36
Ky... .39 Utah. .22
L a... .11 Vt. .. .24
Me... .37 Va... .15
Md... .12 Wash -19
Mass. .20 W. Va .44
Mich. .21 Wis...29
Minn. .25 Wyo. 3
Miss. .46

Total Number Engaged in Professional and
Personal Services, by States, 1880.
Females
Rank

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22

21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
i

State

Ida. ..
Wyo. .
IVash.Mont. .
Ariz. .
Nev...
Utah..
Dak...
Oreg..
Del. ..
Fla. ..
N.Mex
Ark...
R.I---Colo. .
V t. ...

N.II...
Nebr..
W. Va.
D.C...
Me....
Miss. .
Conn..
Kans..
Minn..
S.C.. .
N.C...
Ala. ..
Tenn..
W is...
Tex...
La. ...
Md. . .
Iowa .
K y ....
Ga....
N.J. ..
Cal. ..
Ind. ..
Mich..
V a....
M o..Mass..
in .. . .
Ohio .
Pa....
N.Y...

1 M ale,

- - -

1—
i

210
36L
811
415
340
1,091
1,873
2,361
1,957
5,561
5,825
1,801
8,182
9,160
3,580
12,152
12,048
7,980
9,319
16,311
15,807
20,885
20,649
15,218
19,711
29,937
34,547
31,024
33,803
33,235
27,383
31,973
39,877
34,357
40,801
42,242
34,959
18,228
37,225
40,005
58,9&3
46.185
69,715
72,383
76,462
128,519
205,829

3,651
3,642
5,829
6,539
7,870
9,275
9,271
11,655
14,688
12,055
12,098
17,241
15,284
15,497
21,233
16,022
10,158
20,766
22,361
23,664
31,604
28,563
30,647
38,289
39,741
34,309
34,774
41,187
00,304
64,259
70,178
66,138
59,057
69,575
63,438
62,027
75,763
103,207
100,056
103,244
87,081
102,403
100,445
157,084
173,909
318,194
332,068:

— SSS1N DEX.

Ala. .20 Mo... . 6
Ariz. -4fl M .44
ont.
Ark.. .35 Nebr .30
Cal. .1(1 Nev.. .42
Colo. -3a N.H.. .31
Conn -25 N.J. . .11
Dak.. .40 N.Mex36
Del. .38 N,Y . 1
DC.. .28 N.C.. .21
Fla. .87.Ohio. 3
Ga... .12 Oreg. .39
Ida. . .47 Pa.
2
111.. .. 4 R.I.. .34
Ind. .. 9 S.C. .22
Iowa .14 Tenn. .19
Kans -24 Tex.. .17
Ky... .13 Utah. .41
La. .. .16 Vt. . .32
Me... -2? Va . 7
Md.. .15 Wash -45
Mass. 5 W.Va 29
Mich. . 8 Wis 18
Minn. -23 Wyo. .46
Miss. .261

450,000
500,000

IN D E X .

Actors.............................
25
Architects.......................
1
Artists.............................
4
Assayers..........................
Auctioneers....................
46
Authors...........................
Barbers........................... .................... 10 Livery-stable keepers.................. ........19
Billiard-saloon keepers and employes..45 Lodging-house keepers................ ........17
Boarding-house keepers.. ..................... 17
16
Bowling-saloon keepers and employes. .45 Messengers................................... ........20
43
Claim-agents................... .................... 32
42
Clergymen......................
14
Clerk’ ............................. ...........15, 18, 28 Nurses..........................................
s
Collectors.......................
Copyists...........................
Officials of Government__ ......... ........7
Dentists..........................
... 5
Designers........................ .................... 35
23
Detectives.......................
16
Domestic servants........... .................... 2
... 3
Draughtsmen...................
44
Employes......................... ..6, 13, 36, 39, 45 Sextons......................................... ........38
Engineers, civil............... .................... 28 Showmen and employes of shows ...... .36
Guides............................. .................... 44 Soldiers......................................... ...... 16
Hair-dressers....................
5
Hostlers..........................
3, 14, 27
Hotel-keepers..................
44
Hunters............................
41
Inventors.........................
22
Janitors...........................
Whitewashed.............................. ........34

Total Number Engaged in Professional and Personal Services, by Classes, 1880.
SCALE:

25,000 Persons.

12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Authors, lecturers, and literary persons...................
921
Billiard and bowling-saloon keepers and employes b
1,232!
Hunters, trappers, guides, and scouts........................
1,583
Chemists, assayers, and metallurgists......................
1,303
Midwives................................................................... .
1,234
Veterinary surgeons..................................................
1,457
Auctioneers..............................................................
1 983
Employes of charitable institutions..........................
1,4G2
Sextons......................................................................
1,453
Officers of the army and navy...................................
2,238
Showmen and employes of shows.............................
2,043
Designers, draughtsmen, and inventors....................
2,003
Whitewashes............................................................
2,714
Architects............................. .....................................
2,382
Collectors and claim agents.................... .................
3,271
Professional and personal services, not specified__
3.430
Actors.....................................................................
3,531
Janitors..................................................................
4,214
Engineers, civil.....................................................
7,097
Artists and teaches of art....................................
6,727
Clerks in hotels and restaurants...........................
9,398
Journalists..............................................................
10,426
Dentists..................................................................
11,459
Restaurant keepes................................................
7,764
Watchmen (private) and detectives......................
6,936
Nuses................................................ ...................
9,397
Messenges............................................................
12,739
Livery-stable keepes.............................................
12,055
15,299
Clerks in Government offices c ..............................
Boarding and lodging-house k eep es....................
12,294
Soldies, sailors, and marines d .............................
14.944
Clerks and copyists, not otherwise described.......
22,742
Musicians (professional) and teachers of music...
21,595
Employes of Government c ..............................
25,604
Hostlers.
23,488
Hotel-keepes............................................................
22,592
Barbers and hair-dressers...........................................
31.945
L aw yes......................................................................
60,342
Clergymen..................................................................
51,967
Officials of Government c............................................
55,772
Employes of hotels and restaurants (not clerks)_
_
52,652
Physicians and surgeons.............................................
77,092
Launderers and laundresses......................................
87,815
Teachers and scientific persons.................................. 211,671
Domestic servants...................................................... 819,651
!Laborers, not specified a ........................................... 1,336,845

1,131
1,543
1,912
1,960
2,118
2,130
2,331
2,396
2,449
2,600 !
2,604 I
2,820
3,316
3,375
4,213
4,570
4,812
6,763
8,261
9,104
10,916
12,308
12,314
13,074
13,384
13,483
13,985
14,213
16,849
19,058
24,161
25,467
30,477
31,601
31.697
32,453
44,851
64,137
64.698
67,081
77,413
85,671
121,942
227,710
,075,655
,859,223

50,000
75,000
100,000

125,000
150,000
175,000
200,000

225,000
a. “ In agricultural districts many enumer­
ators have reported *agricultural laborers *
simply as ‘ laborers.’ ”
b. “ To a great extent confused with ‘ hotel,*
*restaurant ’ and ‘ saloon ’ keepers.”
c. “ Including national, state, county, city and
town governments.”
d. “ In a census of the United States, *sailors ’
at sea are liable, to be omitted unless actual
members of families enumerated.”

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS,

250,000
275,000
300,000

OCCUPATIO^TS

P l a t e 66

Transportation, to Total Persons

TRADE AND TRANSPORTATION.
(Based on (he Returns of the Tenth Census.)

Ratio of Persons Engaged in Trade and Transportation,
to Total Persons Ten Years of Age and Over,
by States, 1880.

H k State
an
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
s«
35
34
34
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
i»
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9

Total Number Engaged in Trade and
Transportation, by States, 1880.
Females

R
ank

State

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
81
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Ida. ..
Wyo...
Mont. .
Ariz. .
N.Mex
Wash.Utah..
Nev...
Del. ..
Oreg..
Dak...
Fla.
V t....
Ark...
D.C...
W.Va.
N.H.-_
Miss. .
S.C. ..
R.I—
Colo. .
N.C...
Ala. ..
Tenn..
Minn..
Ga....
Kans..
La. ...
Me....
Conn..
V a....
K y....
Tex...
Wis...
Md.—
Iowa.
Mich..
Ind. ..
Cal. N .J...
Mo....
Ohio..
Mass..
H
I......
P a ....
N.Y...

Males

.■
6
17
7
17
12
16
123
18
263
43
39
60
173
75
672
143
527
126
409
123
576
153
173
344
432
370
529
260,
1,089
700
1,032
614
802
260
1,096
2,449
660
1,406
1,140
771
2,508
1,579
2,870
6,222
3,044
10,301
15,115

1,321
1,528
2,759
3,235
3,252
3,389
4,026
4,431
4,704
6,106
6,180
6,386
8,773
9,158
9,176
10,510
11,208
12.849
13,147
14,983
14,641
15,338
15,793
16,609
23,196
23,979
24,693
26,119
28,041
29,090
28,888
29,804
32,761
34^649
36,454
46,785
50,212
53,317
55,292
56,621
63,874
77,721
101,445
109,154
125,328
169,664
324,304

Total

m
1,327
1,545
2,766
3,252
3,264
3,405
4,149
4,449
4,967
6,149
6,219
6,446
8,945
9,233
.9,848
10,653
11,735
12,975
13,556
15,106
15^17
15,491
15,966
16,953
23,628
24,349
25,222
26,379
29,130
29,790
29,920
30,418
33,563
34^909

sca le

:

10,000 Persons
20,000

30,000
40,000

8

50, 0 0 0

7
6
5
4
3

60,000
70,000

2

1

N.C...
Miss. .
Ark...
A la ...
£.C. ..
Tenn.Ga....
iW. Va.
V a....
K y....
Tex...
v t . ...
Fla. ..
2V Mex
.
Kans..
Ind. ..
Wis...
N.H...
JJtah..
Iowa.
Minn.Ohio..
Mich .
Del. ..
La. ...
Oreg..
Nebr..
Mo....
Ida. ..
P a ....
in......
Me....
Conn.Wash.Dak...
R.I__
Md. ..
D.C...
N.J. ..
Mass..
Cal. ..
N.Y...
Mont..
Nev...
Wyo. .
Colo..
Ariz. .

Per

SCALE:

C
ent

5*

1.66
1.72
1.74
1.99
2.03
2.22
2.42
2.49
2.87
2.88
3.28
3.39
3.49
3.71
3.75
3.84
3.89
4.10
4.27
4.31
4.35
4.35
4.42
4.48
4.49
4.71
4.75
5.09
5.31
5.62
5.66
5.73
6.02
6.11
6.23
6.90
7.08
7.19
7.67
8.06
8.43
8.53
8.65
8.78
9.38
9.79
9.88

KEY

3

3 0 ^ ....
IN D E X ,
30% an d o ver,..

A la.. .44 Mo....20
-4riz. . 1 Mont. 5
Ark.. .45 Nebr. .21
Cal. . 7 Nev.. 4
Colo. 2 N.H.. .30
Conn -15 N.J. . 9
Dak.. .13 N.Mex 34
Del. . .24 N.Y.. 6
D.C . .10 N.C.. .47
Fla. ..35 Ohio. .26
G a... .41 Oreg
Ida. . -iy Pa. .. .18
111.... .17 R.I... .12
Ind. . .32 S.C. . .43
Iowa .28 Tenn. .42
Kans. .'33 Tex.. .37
Ky... .38 Utah. .29
La. .. .23 Vt. .. 36
Me... .16 Va,. .39
Md. ..11 Wash -14
Mass. . 8 W.Va 40
Mich. .25 Wis. 31
Minn. -37 Wyo.. 8
Miss. .46

.2
2

80,000
90,000
1 0 0 ,0 0 0

IN D E X .
1 5 0 ,0 0 0

200,000
2 5 0 ,0 0 0
3 0 0 ,0 0 0

66,382
79,300
104,315
115,376
128,372
179,965
339,419

-«m

Total Number Engaged in Trade and Transportation, by Classes, 1880.
U.

S. Born

Total

108
900
1,093
1,057
1,546
1,632
943
1,512
1,478
1,737
1,855
1,535
1,852
1,286
1,321
1,609
2,023
2,007
2,603
2,112
2,504
2,524
1,367
3,324
2,491
3,004
3,742
4,116
2.974
3,826
3,516
4,056
4,078
5,619
5,032
5,496
4,789
6,454
5,112
9,498
8,058
9,210
9,808
7,412
8,229
10,887
10,219
10,542
10,133
11,271
4,945
12,177
12,944
15,261
16,896
20,738
23,521
23,596
21,401
26,370
26,197
as, 101

30,682
49,675
41,984
30,261
64,as I
86,791
128,275
109,380
303,070

177
1,070
1,197
1,405
1,774
1,856
1,862
1,900
1,940
1,999
2,069
2,283
2,303
2,305
2,373
2,382
2,494
2,729
2,830
2,854
3,302
3,374
3,574
3,770
4,176
4,193
4,329
4,421
4,809
4,982
5,022
5,113
5,166
6,577
7,419
9,242
9,702
9,993
10,073
10,257
10,871
11,253
11,263
11,866
11,925
12,331
12,365
12,596
13,004
13,146
13,500
15,076
15,180
18,523
20,368
22J509
27,700
28,158
32,192
32,279
a>, 129
45,831
53,491
59,790
60,070
68,461
101,849
112,840
177,586
236,058
.35.3,444

in d e x

.

Accountants in stores..............................................8
Agents, not specified...............................................18
Bankers...................................................................19
Bartenders.............................................................. 6
Boatmen and watermen.........................................17
Bookkeepers....................................... 8,26, 32, 53, 66
Bridge keepers........................................................ 59
Brokers, commercial...............................................46
Brokers of money and stock...................................19
Canalmen................................................................45
Clerks.................................................1, 26, 32, 53, 66
Commercial travelers............................................. 14
Dealers, 4,5,10, 11,15, 20,21, 24, 28,29, 30,31,33, 34, 37
38, 42, 43, 49, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 62, 63, 64, 65, 68
Draymen.................... -.......................................... 3
Employes........................2, 16, 22, 23. 27, 35, 41, 69, 70
Freighters............................................................... 39
Gaugers.......................................^......................... 51
Hackmen................
3
Hucksters................................................................. 9
Laborers in stores and warehouses........................ 13
Measurers............................................................... 51
Milkmen and milkwomen....................................... 36
Newspaper criers and carriers................................50
Officials..........................16, 21, 23, 27, 35, 44, 61, 67, 69
Packers..........................
---47
Peddlers...... ........................................................... 9
Pilots........................................
48
Porters in stores and warehouses— ......... .-.........13
Sailors.......................................................................7
Salesmen and saleswomen................
12
Saloon keepers..........................
6
Shippers.................................................................. 39
Steamboat men and women...................................25
Stewards and stewardesses....................................60
Teamsters............................................................... 3
Toll-gate keepers..........................
59
Traders, 4, 5, 10, 11, 15, 20, 21, 24, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33 34
37, 38, 42, 43, 49, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 62, 63, 64, 65 68
Undertakers............................ -•............................. 40
Weighers.......... .................................................. -51

SCALE:

26,000 Persons
Employes of banks (not clerks).................................
Officials and employes of telephone companies........
Traders and dealers in marble, stone, and slate......
Officials of insurance companies...............................
Clerks and bookkeepers in express companies........
Traders and dealers in paper and paper stock.........
Traders and dealers in music and musical instrument
Traders and dealers in oils, paints and turpentine ..
Traders and dealers in agricultural implements......
Officials of railroad companies.................................
Stewards and stewardesses— *...............................
Toll-gate and bridge keepers....................................
Traders and dealers in gold, silverware and jewelry.
Traders and dealers in crockery, china, glass a ..........
Traders and dealers in leather, hides and skins........
Traders and dealers in cotton and wool....................
Traders and dealers in newspapers and periodicals..
Clerks and bookkeepers in insurance offices..............
Traders and dealers in ice..........................................
Weighers, gaugers, and measurers............................
Newspaper criers and carriers................. ................
Traders and dealers in junk......................................
Pilots..........................................................................
Packers.......................................................................
Brokers, commercial...................................................
Canalmen....................................................................
Officials of banks................................ ......................
Traders and dealers in hats, caps, and fu rs ..............
Traders and dealers in books and stationery.............
Employes in warehouses............................................
Undertakers........................ -........................... ..........
Shippers and freighters..............................................
Traders and dealers in sewing-machines...................
Traders and dealers in cabinet-ware.........................
Milkmen and milkwomen... [companies, not specified
Officials and employes of trading and transportation
Traders and dealers in boots ana shoes..........[goods
Traders and dealers in clothing and men’s furnishing
Clerks and bookkeepers in banks..............................
'Traders and dealers in coal and w ood......................
Traders and dealers in real estate.............................
Traders and dealers in lumber..................................
Traders and dealers in cigars and tobacco................
Officials and employes of street railroad companies.
Clerks and bookkeepers in railroad offices................
Steamboat men and women.......................................
Traders and dealers in live stock...............................
Officials and employes of express co.’s (not clerks). .
Employes of insurance companies (not clerks)..........
Traders and dealers in liquors and wines..................
Traders and dealers in iron, tin, and copperware__
Bankers and brokers of money and stocks...............
Agents, not specified..................................................
Boatmen and watermen.............................................
Officials and employes of telegraph companies__ ...
Traders and dealers in drugs and medicines............
Commercial travelers.................................................
Porters and laborers in stores and warehouses.........
Salesmen and saleswomen.........................................
Traders and dealers in produce and provisions_ _
_
Traders and dealers in dry goods, fancy goods, and
Hucksters and peddlers............................... [notions
Bookkeepers and accountants in stores...........
Sailors b.............................................................
Saloon-keepers and bartenders.... ...................
Traders and dealers in groceries......................
Traders and dealers, not specified....................
Draymen, hackmen, teamsters.........................
Employes of railroad companies (not clerks)...
Clerks in stores............................................ ......

Ala.. .24 Mo. .. 6
Ariz. .44 Mont. .45
Ark.. .34 Nebr. .9 8
Cal. . 8 Nev.. .40
Colo. .26 N.H.. .31
Conn -17 N.J. . 7
Dak.. 37 N.MexM
Del. . .39 N.Y.. 1
D.C.. .33 N.C.. .25
Fla. . .36 Ohio. 5
Ga... .21 Oreg. .38
Ida. ..47 Pa... 2
111.. . 3 R.I.. 37
Ind. . 9 S.C. . .29
Iowa .11 Tenn. .23
Kans -20 Tex.. .14
Ky... .15 Utah. 41
La... .19 Vt,. .. .35
Me... .18 Va . .16
Md.. .12 Wash -42
Mass. 4 W.Va .32
Mich. .10 Wis. .13
Minn -22 Wyo. .46
Miss. .30

50,000

75,000

1 0 0,00 0

125,000

150,000

175,000

2 0 0 ,0 0 0

225,000
I
a. And stoneware.
b. Sailors at sea are likely to
be omitted, unless they arc actual
members of families which arc
enumerated.

250,000

275,000

3 0 0 ,0 0 0

325,000

350,000

373,000

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

G

occTJ^^Txonsrs

P late 6 7

Ratio of Persons Engaged in Manufactures, and Mechanical and Mining Industries,

MANUFACTURES, MECHANICS AND MINING.
(Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.)

Ratio o f Persons Engaged in Manufactures, and Meehan1
ical and Mining Industries, to Total Persons
Ten Years o f A ge and Over, by
States, 1880.

Total Number Engaged in Manufactures, and Mechanical
and Mining Industries, by States, 1880.
Females
Rank

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
84
33
32
31
30
29
28
sn
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
1«
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

State

74
Wyo. .
335
N.Mex
64
Ida. ..
164
Wash.102
Ariz. .
76
Mont..
633
Fla. 311
Dak...
Utah..
811
706
Ark...
1,792
Miss. .
353
Nev...
1,864
Del. ..
2,656
D.C...
688
Oreg..
1,726
Nebr..
3,811
S.C. ..
3,535
Ala.
3,628
Vt. ...
1,448
W.Va.
2,108
Tex...
4,222
L a ....
N.C__
5,547
Tenn.3,640
7,213
Ga. —
Kans..
3,027
4,278
Minn..
969
Colo..
N.H.-- 17,362
7,693
K y....
8,452
V a ....
R.I---- 20,088
8,442
Iowa..
Me.... 16,778
Md. .. 14,723
Wis... 10,541
Mo.... 11,563
Ind. .. 11,431
Conn.. 26,899
8,592
Cal.. .
Mich. - 12,629
N.J. .. 28,914
m ...... 28,099
Ohio.. 31,932
Mass.. 98,019
P a.... 76,860
N.Y... 137,190

Males

Total

■■ M
■
1,615
4.042
6,468
7,132
7,272
7,940
7,803
8,790
9,401
10,632
11,353
12,878
12,284
12,681
16,770
16,529
15,887
19,461
22,586
24,840
28,238
26,459
28,416
32,442
28,954
33,292
85,511
46,439
40,675
53,788
54,607
46,072
61,498
55,884
70,614
75,968
98,211
98,696
89,192
109,690
118,284
131,647
177,471
210,362
272,246
451,417
492,679

1,689
4,377
6,532
7,296
7,374
8,022
8,436
9,101
10,212
11,333
13,145
13,231
14 148
15,337
17,458
18,255
19,698
22,996
26,214
26,288
30,346
30,681
33,963
36,082
36,167
36,319
39,789
47,408
58,037
61,481
63,059
66,160
69,941
72,622
85,337
86,510
109,774
110,127
116,091
118,283
130,913
160,561
205,570
242,294
370,265
528,277
629,869

INDEX.

Total Number Engaged in Manufactures, and Mechanical and Mining
Industries, by Classes, 1880,
U . S. Born

Total Number Engaged in Manufactures, and Mechanical and Mining
Industries, by Classes, 1880. (Continued).
U . S . B o rn

Total

T o ta l

R an k

Shingle and lath makers.............................................
Sawyers......................................................................
Pianoforte makers and tu n ers................ ................
Print-works operatives..............................................
Basket makers............................................................
Nail makers...............................................................
Pattern makers...........................................................
Charcoal and lime burners.........................................
Rubber-factory operatives.........................................
Wire makers and workers..........................................
Potters........................................................................!
Oil-well operators and laborers..................................I
Sewing-machine operators.........................................
Mechanics, not specified.............................................
Officials of manufacturing and mining companies......
Bleachers, dyers, and scourers...................................
Broom and brush makers............................................
Photographers.............................................................
Clerks and bookkeepers in mfg. establishments........
Upholsterers.......................................................-.......
Gun and locksmiths....................................................
Builders and contractors.............................................
Brass founders and workers.......................................
Shirt, cuff, and collar makers................... ................
Hosiery and knitting-mill operatives..........................
Wood choppers...........................................................
Steam-boiler makers...................................................
Wood turners, carvers, and woodenware makers—
Others in manufacturing, mechanical, and mining
Confectioners........................................... [industries
Tool and cutlery makers.............................................
Clock and watch makers, and repairers....................
Bookbinders and finishers...........................................
uarrymen............................. ....................................
Wheelwrights..............................................................
Box-factory operatives................................................
Brewers and maltsters................................................
Hat and cap makers...................................................
Carpet makers.............................................................
Ship carpenters, calkers, riggers, and smiths.............
Glass-works operatives..............................................
Silk-mill operatives....................................................
Plumbers and gasfitters..............................................
Tobacco-factory operatives........................................
Paper-mill operatives.................................................
Plasterers....................................................................
Gold and silver workers and jewelers.......................
Leather curriers, dressers, finishers and tanners......
Lumbermen and raftsmen.........................................
Mill and factory operatives, not specified...................
Marble and stone cutters...........................................
Employes in mfg. establishments, not specified.........
Brick and tile makers b...............................................
Harness and saddle makers........................................
Bakers........................................................................
Fishermen and oystermen c............................................
Tinners and tinware makers.......................................
Manufacturers............................................................
Apprentices to trades d..............................................
Coopers......................................................................
Carriage and wagon makers......................................
Cabinet makers...........................................................
Millers.........................................................................
Cigar m akers.............................................-........ ......
Printers, lithographers, and stereotypers...................
Butchers......................................................................
Saw and planing-mill operatives.................................
Engineers and firemen................................................
Woolen-mill operatives..............................................
Machinists.............. . ..................................................
Masons, stone and brick............................................
Iron and steel-works and shops operatives e..............
Painters and vamishers..............................................
Tailors and tailoresses...............................................
Cotton-mill operatives...............................................
Blacksmiths................................................................
Boot and shoe makers.................................................
Miners................. .......................................... -..........
Milliners, dressmakers, and seamstresses/................
Carpenters and joiners...............................................

136
135
134
133
132
131
130
129
128
127
126
125
124
123
122
121
120
119
118
117
116
115
114
113
112
111
110
109
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
101
100
99
98
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
87
86
85
84
83
82
81

720

Leather-case and pocketbook makers........................

Flax d re ssers..... ......................................................

Meat and fruit-preserving establishment employes—
Trunk, valise, and carpet-hag makers......................<

Paperhangers...............................................................

75,000

990
1 ,1 7 4
899
1 ,1 0 1
823
893
996
710
805
807
1 ,2 9 8
1 ,0 6 9
1 ,1 4 4
1 ,2 5 8
1 ,0 5 6
1 ,3 4 5
1 ,3 9 2
1 ,6 8 5
1 ,1 8 2
933
643
1 ,6 8 3
653
1 ,1 9 1
1 ,8 3 8
1 ,5 4 6
1 ,9 2 2
2 ,0 2 4
2 ,3 2 6
2 ,0 6 6
1 ,6 5 7
1 ,6 7 6
2 ,1 6 8
1 ,9 3 5
2 ,4 4 3
2 ,1 2 0
2 ,3 0 2
2 ,5 3 0
1 ,5 2 0
2 ,3 3 9
2 .4 9 8
2 ,5 3 4
3 ,5 1 1
3 ,& 5 7
3 ,6 6 7
3 ,8 6 3
3 ,1 7 9
3 ,8 7 7
2 ,3 9 3
3 ,1 9 1
3 ,7 9 3
3 ,2 5 5
3 .8 8 5
4 ,0 3 8

1 ,0 2 7
1 ,2 0 6
1 ,3 6 1
1 ,3 6 6
1 ,3 7 5
1 ,3 8 3
1 ,3 8 5
1 ,3 9 7
1 ,4 0 8
1 ,4 3 1
1 ,4 4 9
1 ,5 8 0
1 ,7 0 8
1 ,7 6 3
1 ,8 3 9
1 ,8 8 8
1 ,8 9 4
1 ,9 6 5
• 1 ,9 6 7
2 ,0 6 3
2 ,0 8 1
2 ,1 0 5
2 ,2 0 6
2 ,2 3 5
2 ,3 2 7
2 ,3 4 2
2 ,4 3 7
2 ,5 0 3
2 ,5 8 7
2 ,7 2 5
2 ,7 8 1
2 ,8 6 0
2 ,9 2 3
2 ,9 2 3
2 ,9 5 0
3 ,0 1 3
8 ,2 4 5
3 ,2 5 9
3 ,3 4 1
3 ,3 9 9
3 ,4 3 6
3 ,5 1 4
3 .9 2 9
4 ,0 2 6
4 ,0 6 1
4 ,2 2 9
4 ,5 1 1
4 ,5 7 0
4 ,5 7 7
4 ,6 6 0
4 ,6 9 5
4 ,7 0 8
4 ,8 7 2
4 ,8 9 1
4 ,9 4 6
5 ,0 1 3

m

a. “ Generally reported as ‘ iron-founders,’ ‘ car­
penters,’ ‘ machinists,’ ‘ painters,’ ‘ vamishers,’ etc.”
b. ‘‘ Unskilled workmen employed in brickyards
are commonly reported as ‘ laborers.’ ”
c. ‘‘ Largely reported as ‘ sailors,’ while many
who work at some other business a part of the year
are reported under that industry.”
d. ‘‘ In 1870, ‘apprentices ’ were, as far as possible,
included in the account of their respective trades.”
e. “ Including founderies, furnaces, and rollingmills.”
/. “ In 1870? ‘ seamstresses’ were included with
‘ tailors and tailoresses.’ ”

Agricultural-implement Galloon makers.......... 113, Pump makers............... 133
Gasfitters.....................38 Quarrymen....... .............47
makers......................
Artificial-flower makers 97 Gas-works employes... 86 (Quartz and stamp-mill
Apprentices to trades.. 22 Gilders.........................123j operativesand laborAwning makers............ 102 Gimp makers...............113 ers..............................126
Bag makers.................. 128 Glass-works operatives. 40 Raftsmen....................... 32
Bakers............................26 Glove makers..............90 Ragpickers................... 114
Basket makers............... 76 Gold workers and jew­ Railroad builders and
Blacksmiths.................. 5 elers.......................... 84 contractors............... 135
Bleachers....................... 65 Grate makers...*...........98 Rectifiers..................... 100
Blind makers..................82; Grinders.......................122 Refiners................. 112
Boat makers................. 117 Gunsmiths.................... 60-Refinery operatives------94
Bone workers..........- ..121 Hair cleaners, dressers Riggers.........................41
and workers..............119 Roofers.................. 93
Bookbinders and finishers--.-‘ ........................ 48 Harness makers...........27 Rope a n d c o r d a g e
Bookkeepers in mfg. es­ Hat makers................. 431 makers................95
tablishments............... 62 Heading makers.......... 92 Rubber-factory opera56 tives............................72
Boot and shoemakers.. 4 Hosiery..................
Sail makers.................. 102
Bottlers.........................H Iron-works and shops
O
Box-factory operatives. 45 operatives................. 9 Saddle makers...............27
Ivory workers...............121 Salt makers................. 127
Brass f o u n d e r s a n d
58 Japanned-ware makers 132 Sash makers.................. 82
workers
Brewers5
5 ......................- 44|Jewelers.......................34 Saw-mill operatives— 14
1T
1 Sawyers......................... 79
Brick makers............. r 28 Joiners
Brick masons................. 10 knitting-mill operatives 56 Scale and rule makers. .136
Bridge builders.............108 Laborers................. 69, 126 Scourers.........................65
Britannia-ware makers 132 Lace makers................. 124 Screw makers...............134
Broom makers............... 64 Lath makers.................. 80 Seamstresses........... . 2
Brush makers.................64 Lead-works operatives. 115 Sewing-machine factory
Builders................
59 Leather-case makers.. .129 operatives..................107
Sewing-machine opera­
Butchers.........................15 Leather curriers
Button-factory opera­ Lime burners..................73 tors............................. 68
tives............................ 84 Lithographers.............. 16 Shingle makers...............80
Cabinet makers..............19 Locksmiths....................60 Ship carpenters, calk­
Calkers................-.........41 Lumbermen................... 82 ers, riggers and smiths 41
Candle makers..............103 Machinists...................... 11 Shirt makers................. 57
Capmakers.................... 43 Maltsters........................ 44 Shook makers................ 92
Carmakers.................... 86 Manufacturers...........23, 52 Silk-mill operatives------39
Carpenters............ ...1, 41 Marble cutters............... 30 Silver workers andjewCarpet-bag makers....... 101 Masons, brick and stone 10 elers............................ 34
Slaters............................93
Carpet makers............... 42 Meat packers, curers,
Carriage makers............ 20 and picklers................ 96 Soap makers.................103
Starch makers..............130
C arvers.................. 53 Meat-preserving estabCharcoal burners......... 731 lishment employes... 105 Stave makers................. 92
Cheese makers................... 89 (Mechanics.................. 67 Steam-boiler makers... 54
Che mi cal-works em- |
Millers............................ 18 Steel works and shops
ploySs............................. 101 Milliners................. 2 operatives................. 9
Stereotypers................ 16
Cigar makers_______ 17 Mill o p e r a t i v e s , not
Clerks in manufactur- | specified........... ........ 31 Stonecutters................30
Stone masons...............10
ing establishments... 62 Mineral-water makers .116
Clock makers and re- iMiners......................... 3, 52 Stove makers...............98
pairers......................... 491Mirror makers............. 109 Straw workers.............91
Collar makers__________57 Nail makers.................75 Sugar makers and remers......................... 112
Confectioners.......... 51 Officials of manufacturTailors and tailoresses. 7
Contractors_ 59, 108, 135 ing and mining com_
Tallow makers............. 103
Coopers.......................................... 21! panics
-- —
Copper workers.......... -Ill Oil-mill and refinery Tanners
Corset makers.................87! operatives
- 94 Tassel makers.............. 113
Cotton-mill operatives. 6 Oil-well operators and Thread-mill operatives. 99
Tile makers................... 28
Cuff makers................... 57| laborers.. . .... . . Cutlery makers.............. 50 Operatives, 6, 9, 12, 14, Tinners an d tinware
makers........................24
Cutters__________ 30, 122 31, 36, 37, 39, 40, 45, 56,
Distillers....................... 100 72, 77, 84, 94, 99, 107, Tobacco-factory opera­
tives............................ 37
Door makers................ 82 115, 126................. - - - If J
Dressers..................33, 120,Operators................. 68, 69 Toolmakers...................50
Dressmakers.................. 2 Organ makers............. 110 Trunk makers..............101
Dyers................................. 65 Oystermen.................. 25 Tuners........................... 78
Employes in manufac- |
Painters........................ 8 Turners..........................53
turing establishments 29 Paperhangers................ 81 Umbrella makers......... 118
Engineers................
13 Paper-mill operatives.. 36 Upholsterers.................. 61
Engravers..................... 88 Parasol makers............. 118 Valise makers...............101
Pattern makers..............74 Vamishers................... 8
Factory operatives---........31, 37, 45, 72, 84, 107 Photographers............... 63 Wagon makers.............. 20
Fertilizer establisment Pianaforte makers....... 78 Watch makers and re­
operatives................. 131 Picture-frame makers. .109 pairers.......... ............. 49
File makers............. 122 Plasterers.......................35 Wneelwrights................ 46
Finishers.......................a3;Plumbers.- - - - - .............88 Wire makers and work­
Firemen........................ 13 Pocket-book makers...129 ers............................... 71
Fishermen.................... 25 Potters-----...........JO Wood choppers.. -r ----55
Flax dressers................120 Planmg-mill operatives 14 Wooden-ware makers.. 53
Fruit-preserving estab- IPrinters.............--— 16 Woolen-mill operatives 12
lishment employes... 105 Print-works operatives. 77 Zinc-works operatives .115
Furnace makers...........98 Publishers of b o o k s
Fur workers................. 1251 maps and newspapers 106
300,000

COPYRIGHT, 1883j BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

OCCUPATIONS

P l a t e 68
(Based on the Returns o f the
Tenth Census.)

RATIO OF SELECTED OCCUPATIONS TO TOTAL POPULATION.
Ratio, by States, 1880.

Ratio, by States, 1880.

Stato and Occupations.

Per
Cent.

State and Occupations.

S C A LE :
5%

m

15%

20%

25%

30.14
18.67
05.71
02.87
01.61
00.38
01.82
01.34
00.42

Total Agriculture....................... ......................................... 20.68
Farmers and planters....... ............................................... 14.81
Agricultural laborers.......................................................... 05.51
Total professional and personal services............................ 05.37
Laborers....................................................................... 02.29
Domestic servants..................... - ...................................... 00.99
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining............... 03.&i
Carpenters and joiners...................................................... 00.73
Total trade and transportation........................................... 02.04
Traders and dealers.......................................................... 00.88

20.30
11.82
03.86
18.23
11.56
08.49
04.26
02.56
08.04
02.48

Total agriculture........................................................
Farmers and planters.............................................
Agricultural laborers..............................................
Total professional and personal services..................
Laborers....................................................................
Domestic servants..................................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining—
Tailors, tailoresses, milliners, and dressmakers..
Total trade and transportation................................
Traders and dealers................................................

26.99
13.55
02.92
00.96
00.77
01.41
01.15
00.47
00.31

L ouisiana.
Total agriculture........................................................
Agricultural laborers..............................................
Farmers and planters..............................................
Total professional and personal services..................
Laborers...................................................................
Domestic servants...................................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining...
Total trade and transportation..............................
Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores.......
Traders and dealers................................................

14.04
06.65
02.64
13.68
04.29
09.18
05.02
02.75
06.63
01.72

Total agriculture........................................................
Farmers and planters..............................................
Agricultural laborers...............................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining—
Cotton, silk, and woolen-mill operatives.............
Total professional and personal services................
Laborers.....................................................................
Domestic servants....................................................
Total trade and transportation.................................
Sailors, steamboatmen, canalmen, pilots, and watermen

24.39
14.90
01.94
12.76
06.63
07.97
01.83
06.96
03.35
02.09

Total professional and personal services................
Laborers...................................................................
Domestic servants...................................................
Total agriculture.......................... ............................
Agricultural laborers..............................................
Farmers and planters..............................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining—
Tailors, tailoresses, milliners, and dressmaker.)..
Total trade and transportation................................
Traders and dealers................................................

18.64
03.92
01.66
08.23
03 07
02.59
07.07
04.33
02.52
04.80

Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining__
Cotton, silk, and woolen-mill operatives..............
Boot and shoemakers..............................................
Total professional and personal services................
Laborers...................................................................
Domestic servants...................................................
Total trade and transportation................................
Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores.......
Total agriculture.........................................................
Fanners and planters.............................................

21.08
16.81
03.92
10.36
04.75
01.
06.73
02.64
04.60
01.39

Total agriculture........................................................
Farmers and planters.............................................
Agricultural laborers...............................................
Total professional and personal services................ .
Laborers...............•_
....................................................
Domestic servants................................................... .
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining__
Carpenters and joiners........................................... .
Total trade and transportation................................ .
Traders and dealers................................................

12.17
06.02
05.99
12.01
06.52
03.59
09.65
01.15
03.38
01.04

Total agriculture........................................................
Farmers and planters.......................... ....................
Agricultural laborers..............................................
Total professional and personal services..................
Laborers................................... -...............................
Domestic servants............................................-—
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.......
Carpenters and joiners............................................
Total trade and transportation.................................
Officials and employes of railroad companies----

22.50
06.83
05.29
04.42
01.58
08.63
01.59
05.54
01.1
01.54

Total agriculture........................................................
Agricultural laborers...............................................
Farmers and planters.............................................
Total professional and personal services................
Laborers....................................................................
Domestic servants..................................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining —
Total trade and transportation................................
Traders and dealers................................................
Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores........

21.79
11.97
09.46
06.65
03.29
01.
03.13
02.39
00.56
00.56

Total agriculture...................................... 1.................
Farmers and planters.............................................
Agricultural laborers...............................................
Total professional and personal services..................
Laborers....................................................................
Domestic servants....................................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining —
Total trade and transportation.................................
Traders and dealers.................................................
Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores.........

28.02
18.41
09.40
06.76
03.06
02.14
01.16
02.34
01.63
00.- ‘

Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining--Miners........................................................................
Total professional and personal services..................
Laborers............. : ....................................................
Officers, soldiers, and sailors----- -----------------Total agriculture.........................................................
Farmers and planters....................................-.......
Stock-raisers, drovers, and herders.......................
Total trade and transportation..................................
Draymen, hackmen, teamsters, etc.— ...............

20.03
14.43
11.83
06.56
01.41
11.83
07.63
02.16
01.81
04.06

Total agriculture.........................................................
Farmers and planters..............................................
Agricultural laborers..............................................
Total professional and personal services..................
Laborers................................................... ................
Domestic servants....................................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining--Total trade and transportation................................
Traders and dealers................................................
Officials and employes of railroad companies........

14.17
09.13
04.90
07.45
03.38
01.84
06.67
00.98
04.17
01.09

Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining —
Miners.......................................................................
Unclassified in manufacturing and mining.........
Total professional and personal services..................
Laborers....................................................................
Domestic servants....................................................
Total trade and transportation..................................
Total agriculture.................................-......................
Farmers and planters..............................................
Agricultural laborers..................... ........................

16.74
10.62
06.00
06.93
03.53
01.47
C5.56
00.78
02.85
00.86

Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.......
Cotton, silk, and woolen-mill operatives................
Boot and shoemakers..............................................
Total agriculture...........................................................
Farmers and planters...............................................
Agricultural laborers.............................................. .
Total professional and personal services...................
Laborers.................................................................... .
Domestic servants.....................................................
Total trade and transportation................................ .

18.68
13.04
05.44
06.39
02.72
oi.r
00.83
04.30
03.13
00.97

Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining........
Cotton, silk, and woolen-mill operatives................
Total professional and personal services...................
Laborers......................................................................
Domestic servants.....................................................
Total trade and transportation...................................
Traders and dealers..................................................
Total agriculture...........................................................
Farmers and planters................................................
Agricultural laborers................................................

K en tu cky.

A rizona .

Total professional and personal services.............
Laborers............—............................................
Officers, soldiers, and sailors............-----..........
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..
Miners.....................................................................
Total agriculture.................. -.................................
Farmers and planters..........................................
Stock-raisers, drovers, and herders....................
Total trade and transportation.............................
Officials and employes of railroad companies..
A r k a n sa s .

Total agriculture....................................................
Farmers and planters.........................................
Agricultural laborers...........................................
Total professional and personal services.............
Laborers................................................................
Domestic servants....................... .......................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..
Total trade and transportation............................
Traders and dealers............................................
Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores ..

M a in e .

C alifo rn ia .

Total professional and personal services..............
Laborers.................................................................
Domestic servants...............................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..
Miners...................................................................
Total agriculture.................................................
Farmers and planters...........................................
Agricultural laborers............................................
Total trade and transportation..............................
Traders and dealers.............................................

D is t r ic t

of

Idaho .

Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..
Miners....................................................................
Total professional and personal services..............
Laborers................................................................
Officers, soldiers, and sailors...... .....................
Total agriculture....................................................
Farmers and planters..........................................
Stock-raisers, drovers, and herders...................
Agricultural laborers.......................................... .
Total trade and transportation.............................

Iowa.
Total agriculture.....................................................
Farmers and planters...........................................
Agricultural laborers...........................................
Total professional and personal services..............
Laborers...........................................•-....................
Domestic servants................................................
Teachers................................................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..
Total trade and transportation.............................
Traders and dealers............................................

$

14.68
10.21
04.32
08.75
04.82
01.76
(7.99
01.01
03.34
C0.86
16.84
12.37
04.35
07.61
13.53
01.96
05.09
00.85
03.11
00.81

30.04
19.04
10.90
04.36
01.78
01.39
01.16
01.14
00.38
00.33
16.38
10.93
15.31
06.84
03.05
01.65
05.C6
03.65
00.91
00.90
20.48
12.29
17.75
07.48
04.62
11.52
06.02
02.85
07.06
02.48

20.00

15.17
04.21
06.35
02.61
01.15
01.03
03.33
00.98
00.92

N evada.

21.24
10.67
02.51
16.65
08.38
02.58
07.14
06.71
03.26
01.90

N e w H a m p s h ir e .

Indiana .

Total agriculture.....................................................
Farmers and planters..........................................
Agricultural laborers..........................................
Total professional and personal services.............
Laborers.............................—...........................
Domestic servants................................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..
Carpenters and joiners........................................
Total trade and transportation............................
Traders and dealers.............................................

02.20

N ebraska.

Illinois .

Total agriculture....................................... .................
Farmers and planters.............................................
Agricultural laborers...............................................
Total professional and personal services................
Laborers....................................................................
Domestic servants...................... ........ ..................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining—
Tailors, tailoresses, milliners, and dressmakers..
Total trade and transportation................................
Traders and dealers................................................

20.76
05.04
03.30
09.54
03.37
02.96
06.46
01.85
03.64

Mo ntana.

G e o r g ia .

Total agriculture.....................................................
Agricultural laborers..........................................
Farmers and planters..........................................
Total professional and personal services.............
Laborers...........................................................
Domestic servants................ : ..............................
Launderers and laundresses...............................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..
Total trade and transportation.............................
Traders and dealers.............................................

10.58
04.07
03.78
09.72
05.48
04.03
09.12
01.42
05.26
01.34

M is s o u r i .

F l o r id a .

Total agriculture.....................................................................
Agricultural laborers............................................................
Farmers and planters.........................................................
Total professional and personal services...............................
Laborers.................................................................................
Domestic servants.................................................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..................
Total trade and transportation.............................................
Traders and dealers.............................................................
Sailors, steamboatmen, canalmen, pilots, and watermen

12.65
09.22
03.36
11.19
02.23
07.30
03.42
01.51
04.69
01.67

M is s is s ip pi .

C o l u m b ia .

Total professional and personal services.............................
Domestic servants................................................................
Laborers............. ..................................................................
Officials and employes (civil) of Government...................
Launderers and laundresses...............................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..................
Tailors, tailoresses, milliners, and dressmakers...............
Total trade and transportation.............................................
Traders and dealers.............................................................
Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores...................

I

M in n e s o t a .

Delaw are.

Total agriculture......................................................................
Farmers and planters..........................................................
Agricultural laborers............................................................
Total professional and personal services.............................
Laborers .................................................. .......... -.................
Domestic servants...............................................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..................
Carpenters and joiners.........................................................
Total trade and transportation..............................................
Traders and dealers..............................................................

21.84
15.50
06.02
10.43
06.11
02.37
03.26
03.09
01.07
00.80

M ic h ig a n .

Da k o t a .

Total agriculture..........................•-.........................................
Farmers and planters...........................................................
Agricultural laborers............i..............................................
Total professional and personal services.............................
Laborers.................................................................................
Officers, soldiers, and sailors.................... ..........................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..................
Miners...................................................................................
Total trade and transportation.............................................
Officials and employes of railroad companies..................

00.68

Ma s s a c h u s e t t s .

C o n n e c t ic u t .

Total manufacturing, .mechanical, and mining..................
Cotton, silk, and woolen-mill operatives............................
Unclassified in manufacturing and mining.....................
Total professional and personal services.............................
Laborers................................................................................
Domestic servants..............................................................
Total agriculture......................................................................
Farmers and planters..........................................................
Agricultural laborers..........................................................
Total trade and transportation.............................................

19.44
10.40
08.93
06.32
02.47
02.22
03.72
00.49
02.03

Ma r y l a n d .

C o lo r ad o .

Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..
Miners............. .....................................................
Carpenters and joiners.........................................
Total professional and personal services.............
Laborers...........................................................
Total trade and transportation.............................
Traders and dealers.............................................
Total agriculture....................................................
Farmers and planters..........................................
Stock-raisers, drovers, and herders..................

SCALE:
5%

K a n sa s .

A la b am a .

Total Agriculture....................................................................
Agricultural laborers— .................................................
Farmers and planters..........................................................
Total professional and personal services.............................
Laborers.........................................................................
Domestic servants.................................................................
Launderers and laundresses..............................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..................
Total trade and transportation.............................................
Traders and dealers............................... -............................

Per

Cent.

30%

16.72
06.16
(1.83
12.82
08.75
04.00
08.12
03.06
02.17
03.38

N e w Je r s e y.

CO PYRIG H T, 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SONS.

14.19
01.67
09.78
04.65
02.63
05.86
01.58
05.23
02.96
02.00

1%
0

15%

2%
0

25%

30%

OO
OTXIF^TIOIN-S

P l a t e 69

RATIO OF SELECTED OCCUPATIONS TO TOTAL POPULATION. —Continued.
Ratio, by States, 1880.

Ratio, by States, 1880.

Per
Cent.

State and Occupations.

State and Occupations.

S C A LE :

1*
0

5*

15*

20*

25*

Total agriculture.....................................................
Farmers and planters..........................................
Agricultural laborers...........................................
Stock-raisers, drovers, and herders...................
Total professional and personal services.............
Laborers.................................................................
Domestic servants...............................................
Total trade and transportation.............................
Traders and dealers.............................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..

12.39
02.05
10.58
03.92
03.23
07.42
04.75
02.47
06.67
01.91

Total agriculture.....................................................
Farmers and planters..........................................
Agricultural laborers..........................................
Total professional and personal services.............
Laborers.................................................................
Domestic servants...............................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..
Carpenters and joiners........................................
Total trade and transportation.............................
Miners...................................................................

25.78
14.41
11.14
04.95
02.04
01.85
02.42
00.33
01.14
00.40

Total agriculture.....................................................................
Farmers and planters..........................................................
Agricultural laborers...........................................................
Total professional and personal services...............................
Laborers.................................................................................
Domestic servants...............................................................
Teachers................................................................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..................
Carpenters and joiners.........................................................
Total trade and transportation..............................................

12.42
08.17
04.10
07.82
03.75
01.87
07.57
01.03
00.93
03.26

Total agriculture.....................................................................
Agricultural laborers............................................................
Farmers and planters..........................................................
Total professional and personal services.............................
Laborers.................................................................................
Domestic servants...............................................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..................
Cigar-makers and tobacco-workers....................................
Total trade and transportation.............................................
Traders and dealers.............................................................

15.50
10.50
03.77
09.98
02.11
01.82
09.52
05.55
03.51
01.08

Total agriculture......................................................................
Farmers and planters..........................................................
Agricultural laborers............................................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..................
Lumbermen, raftsmen, and woodchoppers.....................
Miners........................................................ ...........................
Total professional and personal services.............................
Laborers.................................................................................
Total trade and transportation...........................................
Officials and employes of railroad companies..................

12.33
01.62
01.16
10.43
05.52
02.59
07.03
04.56
02.34
04.20

Total agriculture.........................................................
Farmers and planters.............................................
Agricultural laborers.............................................
Total professional and personal services..................
Laborers....................................................................
Domestic servants.................................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining__
Miners........................................................................
Carpenters and joiners...........................................
Total trade and transportation.................................

23.92
11.04
01.50
08.91
03.34
02.58
05.50
01.54
03.95
02.29

Total agriculture................................................. .......
Farmers and planters..............................................
Agricultural laborers...............................................
Total professional and personal services................
Laborers....................................................................
Domestic servants..................................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining__
Tailors, tailoresses, milliners, and dressmakers..
Carpenters and joiners............................................
Total trade and transportation.................................

V

N o r t h C a r o l in a .

V

O h io .

Total agriculture....................................................................
Farmers and planters.....................................................
Agricultural laborers......................................................
Total professional and personal services.......................
Laborers..........................................................................
Domestic servants..........................................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining...........
Tailors, tailoresses, milliners, and dressmakers........
Carpenters and joiners..................................................
Total trade and transportation........................................

W

O reg o n.

Total agriculture...............................................................
Farmers and planters....................................................
Agricultural laborers..................................................... .
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..........
Miners.............................................................................. .
Fishermen and oystermen............................................ .
Total professional and personal services........................
Laborers..................................................................... .
Total trade and transportation........................................
Carpenters and joiners....................................................
P e n n s y l v a n ia .

W

Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining...
Miners...... ...............................................................
Tailors, tailoresses, milliners, and dressmakers..
Total professional and personal services...............
Laborers..................................................................
Domestic servants..................................................
Total agriculture.......................................................
Farmers and planters............................................
Agricultural laborers.............................................
Total trade and transportation...............................
R h o d e Is l a n d .

10.10

06.34
02.87
07.74
04.80
01.18
07.09
00.87
02.88
01.80
16.62
10.75
05.78
08.47
03.33
02.75
00.83
07.88
00.91

ir g in ia .

16.79
08.78
07.98
09.69
04.84
03.24
04.16
00.66

02.01

00.61
17.01
12.01
04.03
09.71
01.32
01.31
08.83
03.73
04.53
01.42

V ir g in ia .

17.39

10.59
06.75
05.12
02.53
01.32
04.25
00.59
00.53
01.72

is c o n s in .

14.89
10.52
04.26
07.41
03.69
01.94
06.57
00.83
00.81
02.85

y o m in g .

Total professional and personal services..................
Laborers...................................................................
Officers, soldiers, and sailors______________
Domestic servants..................................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining__
Total agriculture.........................................................
Farmers and planters.............................................
Agricultural laborers...............................................
Total trade and transportation.................................
Officials and employes of railroad companies__

19.07
08.95
06.10
02.98
01.73
02.33
01.53
00.50
, 00.37

07.45
06.19
02.41
08.12
07.88
04.38
02.13
07.43

UNITED STATES.
Total agriculture........................................................
Farmers and planters.............................................
Agricultural laborers...............................................
Total professional and personal services................
Laborers....................................................................
Domestic servants.......................................
Total manufactuing, mechanical, and mining.......
Total trade and transportation.................................
Traders and dealers.................................................
Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores.......

ennessee.

Total agriculture............................................
.............
Farmers and planters..................... ............................
Agricultural laborers....................................................
Total professional and personal services.....................
Laborers...................................................................
Domestic servants........................................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..........
Total trade and transportation.....................................
Traders and dealers......................................................
Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores............

15.29
08.42
06.62
08.12
03.70
02.14
07.65
03.60
00.95

Ratio of Persons Engaged in Useful Occupations, to Total Population, by States, 1880.
State.

10*

20*

15*

19.29

00.88

INDEX,

Ala. . .14 Mo... .
A r iz ... 2 Mont..
Ark__ 37 Nebr. .
Cal......... Nev....
Colo... 3 N.H...
Conn. .16 N ,J,...
D a k .. . 7 N.Mex.
Del. . .20 N.Y. ..
D.C. ..19 N.C....
Fla-----31 Ohio ..
Ga.......15
Id a --- 5
111... R.
Ind----40 S. C. . .
Iowa ..36 Tenn..
Kans. .39 Tex....
Ky. . ..43 Utah..
La-----17 Vt___:
Me... .23 Va.......:
Md... .27 Wash.Mass. .11 W.Va.Mich. .26 Wis.-..
Minn. .34 Wyo...
Miss. .22

25*

&e g.\

11
1

a

22.57
12.59
09.
00. .
06.12
03.03
01.19
02.19
00.68
01.90

erm ont.

est

W

S o u t h C a r o l in a .

Total agriculture....................................................................
Agricultural laborers..........................................................
Farmers and planters.........................................................
Total professional and personal services.............................
Laborers................................................................................
Domestic servants...............................................................
Launderers and Laundresses........................................... .
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining...............
Total trade and transportation............................................
Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores...................

5*

20*

a s h in g t o n .

W

Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.............
Cotton, silk, and woolen-mill operatives.......................
Unclassified in manufacturing, mechanical, and mining
Total professional and personal services........................
Laborers— ......................................................................
Domestic servants............................................................
Total trade and transportation.........................................
Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores...............
Total agriculture..................................................................
Farmers and planters......................................................

27.82
W. Va. 28.49
Tenn.. 29.04
Ohio .. 31.10
31.53
$is.\ " 31.73
Mo_ 31.96
_
Ind— 32.10
Kans.. 32.35
. .... 32.48
Ark. .. 32.48
Iowa.. 32.52
Va....... 32.68
Minn.. 32.68
Tex. .. 32.80
Nebr. . 33.73
Fla---- 33.97
Pa----- 34.00
N.Mex. 34.14
N.C. -. 34.31
U .S .a 34.68
Md. ... 34.70
Mich. . 34.77
35.09
Vt. . . . 35.69
Me_ |35.75
_
Miss. . 36.72
N.Y. .. 37.08
Del. . . 37.23
D.C. .. 37.51
Oreg. . 38.53
La. . . . 38.64
Conn.. 38.76
Ga....... 38.77
A la.... 39.03
S.C. . . 39.38
W a s h . - 40.10
Mass. . 40.42
N.H... 41.06
R .I.... 42.30
Wyo. . 42.73
D a k . .. 42.79
Cal. . . . 43.54
I d a . . . 47.77
Nev. .. 51.77
Colo... 52.10
A riz. . 55.07
Mont. - 56.83

15*

Ut a h .

ork

Total agriculture.................................-...................................
Agricultural laborers............................................................
Farmers and planters............................................................
Total professional and personal services...............................
Domestic servants............................. ...................................
Laborers................................................................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining...................
Carpenters and joiners.........................................................
Total trade and transportation.............................................
Traders and dealers..............................................................

Utah..

10*

exas.

15.92
12.52
01.47
11.82
05.79
03.35
02.61
03.66
01.25
02.72

Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..................
Tailors, tailoresses, milliners, and dressmakers..................
Total professional and personal services...............................
Laborers..................................................................................
Domestic servants...............................................................
Total agriculture......................................................................
Farmers and planters.................................. - .....................
Agricultural laborers............................................................
Total trade and transportation.............................................
Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores....................

T

S C A LE :
5*

T

Total professional and personal services....----------------Laborers.................................................................. .............
Domestic servants.................................................................
Total Agriculture....................................................................
Farmers and planters..........................................................
Agricultural laborers............................................................
Stock-raisers, drovers, and herders...................................
Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining..................
Miners.....................................................................................
Total trade and transportation.............................................

Per
Cent.

30*

N e w M e x ic o .

N ew Y

(Based on the Returns o f the
Tenth Census.)

45*

I . . ..

J Z X P I i A . N ’A . T O l t Y .—The design o f this exhibit is to
point out the most numerously followed occupations in
each state, and to 6how in addition the exten t to which
they are respectively followed. It also furnishes a general
analysis o f total occupations in each state. The ratios are
based on the total population and not upon the population
over ten years o f age, as in the preceding exhibits. The
term “ laborers,” as here used, is thus explained in the
Census R ep o rt: In the agricultural districts many enumerators have reported ‘ agricultural laborers’ simply as
‘ laborers.’ ”

50*

55*

tfc.
Wash.

■Mass.

60*

■■N.H.
^Sm W yo.
m— m D a k .
—

^M lCal

mlda.

■Nev.
— Colo.

A riz.
mmMont.

Ratio of 1870, 32.43#.

Persons Engaged in Useful Occupations, by Four Principal Divisions, 1880.
F'finales.

Males.

U. S. Born.

59,364
631,988
1,361,295
594,510

1,750,892
3,205,124
2,712,943
7,075,983

1,351,695
2,611,325
3,076,768
6,857,664

Principal Divisions.
Trade and transportation..........................................
Manufacturing, mechanical, and mining industries
Professional and personal services...........................
Agriculture..................................................................

Total.

SC ALE:
500,000 Persons.
I 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

5.000 ,000

1,810,256
3,837,112
4,074,238
7,670,493

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

6 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

7, 000 ,000

2 5 *

80*

IX —F inance and C ommerce.
INDEX

TO

PLATES.

TRUE VALUATION.................. .....................Plates 70-71

ANALYSIS OF EXPENDITURES, 1789-1880.. Plate 83

T o ta l; p e r C a p ita — b y S ta te s , 1 8 5 0 — 1 8 8 0 .
R e tr o s p e c t, b y S t a t e s ; b y A g g r e g a t e s ; p e r C a p ita .
G e n e r a l R e tr o s p e c t, 1 8 0 0 — 1 8 8 0 .

O r d in a r y ; In te r e s t; W a r ; P e n s io n s ; In d ia n s ; N a v y ;
C iv il a n d M is c e lla n e o u s .

ASSESSED V A L U A T IO N ............................. Plate 72
P e r C a p ita , b y C o u n tie s ; b y S ta te s .
T o ta l, b y S tates.

RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES, PER CAP­
ITA, 1789-1880...................... .........................Plate 84
D e c e n n ia l I n c r e a s e o f P o p u la tio n .

TAXATION, COMPARED WITH VALUATION .. Plate 73
R a tio , b y C o u n tie s ; b y S ta te s.
T o ta l T a x a tio n , b y S ta te s.

POSTAL SERVICE, 1790-1880......................... Plate 85
R e v e n u e ; E x p e n d it u r e ; T r a n s p o r t a t io n ; S a la r ie s .

RATES OF LETTER POSTAGE, 1789-1880.. Plate 86
R e c e ip ts fro m S ta m p s , E tc ., b y S ta te s , 1 8 8 0 .
E x p e n s e s a n d R e c e ip t s — E x c e s s of, b y S ta te s.

TAXATION, PER CAPITA..................................P la te 74
B y C o u n tie s ; b y S tates.

STATE AND LOCAL NET D E BT........: . ......... Plate 75

'COINAGE, 1793-1880..................................Plates 87-88
S ilv e r ; G o ld ; M in o r ; T o ta l.

P e r C a p ita , b y C o u n tie s ; b y S ta te s .
A g g r e g a t e , b y S tates.

BANKING, 1790-1880...........................................Plate 89

M UNICIPAL NET DEBT.................................... Plate 76
P e r C a p ita , o f th e L a r g e s t 1 0 0 C ities.

ANALYSIS OF STATE AND LOCAL D EBT.. Plate 77

S p e c ie ; C a p i t a l ; C ir c u la tio n ; L o a n s .

CLEARING-HOUSE TRANSACTIONS, E tc ... Plate 90
B u s in e s s F a ilu r e s , 1 8 5 7 — 1 8 8 0 .
N e w Y o r k C le a r in g - H o u s e , 18 5 4 — 18 8 0 .
G o ld a n d C u r r e n c y V a lu e s , 1 8 6 2 — 18 8 0 .

I n c r e a s e a n d D e c re a s e , b y S ta te s , 18 7 0 — 18 8 0 .
B o n d e d D e b t; w h y I n c u r r e d ; R a t e s o f In terest.

NATIONAL DEBT, 1790-1880............................ .Plate 78
T o t a l; p e r C a p ita .
C la s s ific a tio n ; D is tr ib u tio n — 18 8 0 .

EXPORTS, 1790-1880.......................................... Plate 91
T o t a l; D o m e s tic ; F o r e ig n ; M e r c h a n d is e ; S p e c ie .

GOVERNMENT LOANS, 1777-1880................... Plate 79

ANALYSIS OF EXPORTS AND

M e rc h a n d is e , b y C o n tin e n ts ; b y C o u n trie s.
P r in c ip a l E x p o r t s ; G o ld a n d S ilv e r E x c h a n g e s .

H is to r ic a l L is t ; A n n u a l Issu es a n d R e d e m p tio n s .

RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES, 1789-1880, Plate 80
T o t a ls ; E x c e s s e s .

IMPORTS, Plate 92

IMPORTS, 1789-1880............................................ Plate 93
T o t a l ; M e r c h a n d is e ; S p e c ie .

ANALYSIS OF RECEIPTS, 1789-1880............... Plate 81
O r d in a r y ;
C u s to m s ; In te r n a l R e v e n u e ;
L a n d s ; D ir e c t T a x ; M is c e lla n e o u s .

P u b lic

INTERNAL R E V E N U E .........................................Plate 82
F r o m L iq u o r s ; fro m T o b a c c o — 18 8 0 .
A n n u a l C o n s u m p tio n o f L iq u o rs .
W h i s k e y — P r ic e s of, 1 8 2 5 — 18 8 0 .

BALANCE OF TRADE.

TA R IF F .......................Plate 94

B a la n c e o f T r a d e , 1 7 8 9 — 1 8 8 0 .
R a tio o f D u tie s to Im p o rts, 1 8 2 1 — 1 8 8 0 .

CARRYING TRADE, 1821-1880 .......................... Plate 95
In A m e r ic a n B o t t o m s ; in F o r e ig n B o tto m s.
N a t io n a lit y o f T o n n a g e , 1 8 8 0 .

Valuation.— The true valuation of property

Accepting as correct Mr. Mulhall’s figures

in the United States on June i, 1880, was

regarding the wealth of other countries, the

among the several states shows great variation,

$43,642,000,000, or $870 per capita of the popu­

United

both in absolute amount and in valuation

lation.

wealthiest nation upon the globe, its resources

per capita.

slightly exceeding those even of the mother

by far the greater proportion, while the South ‘

country.

has now, and has had since the close of the

The following are the principal items

contributing to this total:

valu
atio .
n

F a r m s ................................................................................................. $ 10 ,19 7 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
R e s id e n c e a n d b u s in e s s re a l e s ta te ...............................

9 ,8 81,000,000

R a ilr o a d s a n d e q u ip m e n t ...................................

5,536,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

T e le g r a p h s , s h ip p in g a n d c a n a ls ....................................

2,406,000,000

The

H o u s e h o ld f u r n itu r e , p a in t in g s , b o o k s , c lo th in g ,
j e w e l r y , h o u s e h o ld s u p p lie s o f f o o d , f u e l, e tc .,
th e

annual p ro d u ct

e s tim a te d

78 1,000,000

A l l r e a l e s ta te e x e m p t fr o m

6,160 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

t a x a t i o n ...........................

2,000,000,000

S p e c i e ..............................................................................................

6 12,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

The remainder is made up of small mis­

vast

wealth

The following table shows

000

17 .1 6 9 .0 0 0 .

000

14 .7 9 2 .0 0 0 .

000

I t a l y ...................................

5 4 8 .0 0 0 . 000
4 5 6 .0 0 0 . 000

T u r k e y .............................

369 .0 0 0 . 000

S w ed e n an d N o rw a y.

3 5 9 )000, 000

C anada

...........................

30 8.0 0 0 . 000

A u s t r a lia ..........................

238 .0 0 0 . 000

D e n m a r k ........................

of the population:

90 2.0 0 0 . 000
6 6 6.0 0 0 . 000

true valuation, in the aggregate and per capita

170 .0 0 0 . 000
13 2 .0 0 0 . 000

V aluation .

P ercentage V aluation
of T o tal . per C a pit a .

N o r t h A t l a n t i c .............

$ 19 ,6 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

4 5 -°

$ i ,3 5 3

S o u t h A t l a n t i c .............

3 ,6 2 1,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

8.3

477

N o rth e rn C e n t r a l.. . .

14 ,74 7,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

33-8

S o u th e rn C e n t r a l. . . .

3 ,6 4 1,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

8-3

W e s t e r n .............................

2,003,000,000

4.6

T o t a l .................

$ 4 3 ,6 4 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

1 0 0 .0

850'
,

408
i , i 33
O

P o r t u g a l ..........................

G roup .

00

cellaneous items.

this

the distribution by groups of states, of the

29 .4 6 4.0 0 0 .

B e l g i u m ..........................

avera ge

of

Generally speaking, the North has

total valuation.

G e r m a n y ..........................

H o l l a n d ..........................

tu r e a n d m a n u fa c t u r e s , a n d o f t h e im p o r ts
s u p p ly o n h a n d ..............................................................

$ 4 3 )4 5 6 )000;000
3 5 , 9 7 2 ,°°© ,000

S p a in .................................

T h r e e - fo u r t h s o f th e a n n u a l p r o d u c ts o f a g r ic u l­
o f f o r e i g n g o o d s , e s tim a te d a s th e

G r e a t B r it a i n ...............

distribution

Civil War, a comparatively small part of the

A u s t r i a .............................

a s th e

a m o u n t o n h a n d . .........................................................

Mr. Mulhall’s

R u s s ia ...............................

M in e s , p e t r o le u m w e lls a n d q u a r r ie s , w ith o n e h a lf

following are

V aluation ,
188 0 .
F r a n c e ............................

5,000,000,000

is, in absolute amount, the

estimates:

4 19 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

L i v e s t o c k , f a r m in g t o o ls a n d m a c h in e r y ............. ..

States

The

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

lxx

In 1880 the total assessed valuation was

cent.

These rates of increase are, however,

Taxation.— The

aggregate

amount

of

$16,902,993,543, or 38^ per cent, of the true

swollen by the fact that the valuation of 1870

direct taxes levied in 1880 for state, county,

valuation.

is, as was noted above, expressed in depre­

school-district and municipal purposes, was

ation differed widely in different states (and

ciated currency.

$312,750,721— an average of $6.23 per capita

even among different counties in the same

in i860 $12,084,560,005, being nearly 75 per

of the population.

state), ranging from 68— per cent, in Wyoming,

cent, of the true valuation, thus showing a

of the total assessed valuation, and o.£, per

to 25^ in Illinois.

continued increase of this ratio, as we trace

cent, of the true valuation.

closely the ratio of urban to total population,

our history backwards.

Real estate at this

whether expressed absolutely, per capita of the

illustrating the well-known fact that assessment

date was assessed at $6,973,006,049, and per­

population, or as a percentage of the assessed,

is higher in cities than in the rural districts.

sonal estate at $5,111,553,956— the two having

or of the true valuation, was greatest where

O f the total assessed valuation, 77^ per cent,

relative proportions of 58 and 42 per cent,

the urban population was largest.

was classed as real estate, and 22^ as personal

respectively,

relative

illustrated in the following table, showing, in

property.

increase, as we go backward, in the element

each state, the ratio of urban to total popu­

of personal estate.

lation, the tax per capita and the ratio of tax

It appears to follow quite

The low valuation of the latter

a

continued

A s a rule, taxation,

another, as it is well known that, taking the

nessed, as a result of the Civil War, a great

country as a whole, the proportions of the

financial

two classes of property are in reality nearly

war and

of 4,000,000 slaves,

equal.

which had a value, at the lowest estimate, of

Per Cent.

$30,068,518,507, an average of $780 to each
inhabitant.

The ratio of increase of absolute

freeing

the

ravages

of

$1,250,000,000, the states of the South were
impoverished; and from holding a high rank
in respect to wealth, in proportion to popula­

wealth from 1870 to 1880 was 45 per cent., and

tion,

of wealth per capita,

In other

During this decade the assessed valuation of

words, the increase of wealth was greater, in this

the Northern and W estern States increased 56

ii£

per cent.

proportion, than that of population.

Indeed,

they fell

to the bottom of the scale.

per cent., while that of the former slave states
diminished 33^ per cent.

to the fact that values were, in 1870, expressed

the Northern and Western States increased

in a currency depreciated to the extent of

159 per cent., while the South lost over 18 per

about one-fifth.

cent.

The assessed valuation was

$14,178,986,732, showing an increase of 19 per
cent, from 1870 to 1880, which, as will be
noted, is very much less than in the case of
the

true

valuation.

The

ratio

which the

assessed bore to the true valuation was much

In true valuation

In South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama,

Mississippi and Texas the estimated true valu­
ation in 1870 was less than half that in i860.
In 1850 the statistics of valuation were for
the first time obtained.

Tw o sets of figures

have been published, each purporting to repre­

greater than in 1880, being no less than 47 per

sent the true valuation at that date.

cent.

larger of these has been generally accepted as

The two constituents of the assessed

valuation, real estate and personal property,

approximating more closely to the truth.

The
It

stood in the relation of 70 and 30 per cent,

may be added, however, that this estimate is,

respectively, the former being less and the latter

in all probability, considerably less than the

greater, proportionally, than in 1880.

Indeed,

personal property showed a large absolute
decrease in valuation from 1870 to 1880, being

true valuation of the country.

This estimate

was $7,135,780,228, or an average of $308 per
capita.

The rate of increase between 1850

in the former year $4,264,205,907, and in the

and i860 was 126^ per cent., and the increase

latter but $3,866,266,618.

per capita 67 per cent.

There is no doubt

whatever, not only that there was, during the

The estimates of valuation prior to 1850

decade, no decrease of this species of property,

were deduced by me from such data as were

but an increase comparable with that of real

accessible, which were indicative, more or less

estate, which increased at the rate of 31 per

directly, of the progress

cent, during the decade.

wealth.

The reason for this

of the country in

21
26

$7.99

II

7-77
5-25

2.20
1.64
2.01

1.03
0.82
0.60

66

13.64

I -53

77
54
54
52
39

9-74

1.07
1.64
2.13

8.62
II.O9
7.92
6.68
4.12
5.82
8.27

29

39
90
12
8

i -56

0.64
0.63
0.74
0.63

1.70

°-53

I.O I

0.44
0.63
0.66
0.67
0.67

I.O9
1.48

3-07
3-33
i -37

1-5 °
i -47

1.85
2.08
2.25
1.63
2 .II
4.68

i -37
i -34
1.96
1.68
2.16
2.74

7

C
O
N
*

the increase was greater even than this, owing

Maine..................................
New Hampshire...................
Vermont...............................
Massachusetts.......................
Rhode Island.......................
Connecticut..........................
New York............................
New Jersey..........................
Pennsylvania........................
Delaware..............................
Maryland..............................
District of Columbia............
Virginia................................
West Virginia.......................
North Carolina.....................
South Carolina.....................
Georgia................................
Florida.................................
Alabama...............................
Mississippi............................
Louisiana.............................
Texas..................................
Arkansas..............................
Tennessee............................
Kentucky..............................
Ohio....................................
Indiana................................
Illinois.................................
Michigan..............................
Wisconsin.............................
Minnesota.............................
Iow a....................................
Missouri............................ ..
Kansas.................................
Nebraska..............................
Dakota................................
Montana..............................
Wyoming..............................
Colorado..............................
New Mexico........................
Arizona...............................
Utah....................................
Nevada.................................
Idaho...................................
Washington..........................
Oregon.................................
California............. ............

Per Cent. Pert ent.

O
b
o
*4
^

In 1870 the true valuation was estimated at

the

By

R atio
of T ax
to A ssessed
V aluation .

The decade between i860 and 1870 wit­
revolution.

This is

to assessed and to true valuation:

escape taxation, through one means or

P er C a pit a
T ax.

to

showing

Taxation was 1^ per cent,

R atio
OF URBAN TO
T o tal
P opulation .

illustrates the tendency of this class of property

The assessed valuation was

R atio of
T ax to T rue
V aluation .

The ratio of assessed to true valu­

2
7

2.29
1.81

14

3-15

28

8.05
6.24

i -43
2.13
1.32
1.48
1.68
1.70

3
7
8

9
5
3

24

17
27
22

7-99
5-27
5-77
5-57

21
17
12

6.81

23
8
II
O
O
O

3i
6

39
O

1.67
i -73
1.68
2.77
i -93
3.10
3.08

3-54

2-35

9.80
11.07
11.07
1.06

2.06
1.69
2.89

7-25

3.16
1.76
2.98

4-74

o-43
0.62
0.58
0.64

°-55
0.74
1.04
0.63
o-75
0.42
o-59
0.78
0.82
0.80
0.63
0.78
0.68
0.78
0.67
0.87
0.96
O.7O
1.32

I *I5

3-°4

1.44
0.42
1.27
0.65
1.26
1.63

6-73
6-37

2.12
2.12

14.60

2.16

0.88
0.88

3.02
14.00
6.01

O

IO
40

3-!3

5.00
6.17

18
19

1.23

1.12

i- ° 5

Am ong these were exports, imports,

It will be at once seen that the amount

apparent decrease in personal estate is to be

customs duties, capital in banking, bank circu­

of taxation was greatest per capita of pop­

found in the large and increasing amounts of

lation, tonnage, and expenses of the govern­

ulation in the states of the North Atlantic

this class exempted by law, and in the ease with

ment.

group, while, leaving out of consideration the

which assessment and taxation of this class of

rates of increase, by

property may be evaded.

approximate valuation at these early periods

the states

was obtained from the more recent Census

were

reports.

In i860 the true valuation was reported as
$16,159,616,068, or

$514 per capita.

The

A consideration of these data furnished
means

of which the

W estern group, which was sparsely peopled,
of the

taxed

to

a

Northern
secondary

Central group
extent.

The

A discussion

of the method and

Southern States were, in proportion to pop­

increase from i860 to 1870 was at the rate of

results was published

in the International

ulation,

85^ per cent., and the increase per capita 52 per

Review

for May, 1882.

the

most

lightly

taxed.

The

greater wealth of the Northern States offsets

F IN A N C E

COMMERCE .

lxxi

in a measure, this difference of per capita

elsewhere, and smallest in the Southern States,

The following table shows the total gross

taxation, so

with, however, certain notable exceptions, as

tion, and

that, in

proportion

to valua­

especially to true valuation, the

difference in taxation

between the northern

W est Virginia,

AND

36^;

Arkansas, 30^;

and

still existing, was not by any means as marked

State Indebtedness.— The total indebt­

as in proportion to population.

In proportion

edness of states in 1880 was $260,179,723, the

to assessed valuation, there were a number

sinking fund $25,743,462, and the net indebted­

of notable exceptions to the above generaliza­

ness $234,436,261.

tion.

the condition of this class of indebtedness at

ratio of taxation to assessed valuation was

The following table shows

the several periods named:

in the states of Illinois, Kansas and Nebraska,
where it exceeded 3 per cent.; while among
the Southern

States,

Louisiana,

having rates of taxation exceeding 2 per cent,
of the assessed valuation.

In nearly all these

cases, however, it will be seen that the ratio
of assessed to true valuation of property, was
very

low.

The excess of taxation

Northern

States

T otal

Y ear.

P er C e n t , of
In crease or
D ecrease.

D ebt.

municipal

governments, which, as

$

18 39

14 1 , 228,390

1841
18 53

+ 3 4 -3

189 , 710,399
1 9 2 ,8 5 2 ,3 3 3

+ i- 7

860

257 , 406,939

1870

351 , 296,784

1880

+ 3 3 -5

260, 179,723

i

+ 3 6 -5
-

25-9

in the

was mainly produced by

known, are expensive luxuries.

•

Mississippi

and Arkansas occupied unenviable positions,

is

well

O f the total

1841.

i860.

1853.

188O.

1870.

Tennessee, 33^ per cent.

and southern parts of the country, although

Excluding the territories, the highest

debt of the states at the periods named:

In 1790 an act was passed by Congress by
virtue of which the

state

obligations were

assumed by the General Government.

The

amount of taxes levied in 1880, nearly one-

relieved was $18,271,786, most, if not all, of

shown below:

$1,734,861
None.
None.
5 , 4 2 4 ,13 7
None.
None.
21,797,267
None.
33,301,013
None.
15,214,761
4,037,200

Arkansas............
Tennessee..........
Kentucky..........
Ohio...................
Indiana..............
Illinois...............
Michigan............
Wisconsin..........
Iowa...................
Minnesota.........
Missouri............

5,676,000
10,546,166
10,454,500
10,924,123
12,751,000
13,527,292
5,611,000
None.
None.

Nebraska...........

••••••••

California..........

..............

which had been incurred in the prosecution

None.
3,691,234
1 , 30 9 ,7 5 0
4,000,000
15,400,000
7,000,000
23,985,000

.......
842,261

total amount of which the states wrere thus

half was for the support of municipalities, as

M aine........ —
New Hampshire.
Vermont............
Massachusetts...
Rhode Island...
Connecticut. . . .
New York..........
New Jersey........
Pennsylvania . . .
Delaware...........
Maryland............
Virginia..............
West Virginia...
North Carolina..
South Carolina..
Georgia..............
Florida...............
Alabama............
Mississippi........
Louisiana..........

$471,500
74,899

None.
6,445,000
None.
None.
24,323,838
None.
40,272,235
None.
1 5 , 356,224
12,089,382

$699,500
50,087
199,636
7,132,627
None.
None.
33 , 570,238
None.
37,969,846
None.
14,876,958
33,248,141

2,224,000

$8,067,900 $5,848,900
2,817,869 3,501,100
139,000
1,002,500
28,270,881 33,029,824
2,913,500 2 , 534,500
7,275,900 4,967,600
32,409,144 8,988,360
2,996,200 1,996,300
31,111,662 21,561,990
880,750
None.
1 3 , 3 17,47 5 11,277,111
4 7 , 390,83 9 29 , 34 5,22 6
None.
None.
29,900,000 5,706.616
7,665,909 6,639,171
6,544,500 9 , 9 5 1,5 0 0
1,288,697 1,284,980
8,478,018 9,638,765
1,796,230
379.48 5
25,021,734 2 3 , 4 3 7 ,6 4 0
508,641 5,566,928

9,129,505
1,925,893 4,046,540
2,802,472 2,670,750
383,000
None.
4,497,666 3,445,000
7,271,000 5,753,413
9,589,207 4,561,108
None.
5,441,528
4,103,056 3,092,622 3 ,45 9,55 7 5 ,045,405
3,653,856 20,898,606 38 , 539,802 2 7 , 44 0,43 1
3,892,480 1,858,008
5 , 5 7 1,29 7
5 ,4 7 9 ,244
6 ,474,305
1 5 , 542,549 16,927,834 9,732,078
7,712,880 10,179,267 4,167,507 4,998,178
*
17,000,000 10,277,161 4,890,937
905,150
2,316,328 2,385,028
2 , 35 9,55 1
68,200 2,252,057
100,000
None.
55,000
370,435
3 5 1,9 3 2
534,498
350,000 2,565,000
318,636
802,000 25 , 9 5 2,00 0 17,866,000 16,259,000
None.
1 . 503,306 1,181,975
4 9 9,26 7
52,960
247,30 0
212,814
642,894
75 ,396
511,376
106,583
None.
3,267,300 3,824,000 3,429,027 3,403,000
* Not returned.

of the Revolutionary W ar.
C l a ss

of

A mount

T ax.

of

P ercentage of
T o tal T a x .

T ax.

until 1820, but very few state
incurred.

§

C o u n t y ..................................................

52, 019,955

16 .6 6

6 9 ,6 0 6 ,5 7 1

S t a t e .......................... ............................

22.25

|

i 8 o, 5 7 4 , i 6 8

Local Indebtedness.— The

local net

debt of the United States, consisting of county,

the fever for internal improve­

township, municipal and school-district indebt-

ments, which raged until the financial panic

ness, amounted in 1880 to $822,147,885, or

of 1837-8.

|
12 .4 9

S c h o o l - D i s t r i c t ...............................

debts were

A t that date may be said to have

$16.39 f°r each man>woman and child in the

commenced

48.60

M u n i c i p a l ..........................................

From that time

Within this period stocks were

issued by the several states amounting alto­

country.

gether to $174,306,994, three-fifths of which

reported at $515,810,060, or $13.38 per capita.

unclassified amounts, the total of the above

were issued between 1835 and 1838.

Most of

The increase between 1870 and 1880 was 59

table falls short of the total amount of taxes

these bonds were issued in aid of canals and

per cent., which was at a rate nearly double

levied in 1880, as stated on the preceding

railroads, to facilitate internal communication.

that of the increase

page.

The financial troubles of 1837 and succeeding

increase was entirely in the municipal, township

years placed several of the states in a bad

and school-district debts, as shown in the

is very light, as in those states the county has

financial position.

following table:

little except judicial functions to perform— most

threatened to refuse, to pay their debts, among

of the administrative functions being performed

them

by the town and city organizations, for which

Michigan,

the great bulk of the tax is levied.

The General Government was appealed to, to

In the New England States the county tax

In New

Several of them refused, or

Pennsylvania,
Louisiana,

Maryland,
Indiana

and

T o tal .

States,

the subject was greatly agitated in Congress,

where the mixed or compromise system of

but without result, as the whole matter was

local government prevails, the county taxes

indefinitely postponed.

County debt.............. $187,565,540

generally

and

Pennsylvania,

in the Northern

Central

Municipal, township
and school-district
debt.......................

328,244,520

This

P er
C a p it a .

T o tal .

P er
C a p it a .

$4.86

$123,877,686

$2.47

* -3 4

8.51

698,270,199

13.92

113

1880.

1870.

Illinois.

assume the state debts a second time, and

New Jersey

population.

Mississippi,

and

York,

in

net debt was

P er C ent .
I ncrease .

Owing to the omission here of certain

In 1870 the local

* The minus sign indicates a decrease.

It will be noticed that the large map in
Plate 75

relates

only to county, township,

are, proportionally, much greater in amount;

Between 1841 and 1853 the amount of state

and in the Southern States, where the county

debts increased but slightly, while from the

municipal and school-district debt, the state

is the unit of organization, the taxes for its

latter date to i860 a large increase was made.

debt proper not being included, while upon

support are, next to state taxes, the largest

This was mainly in the Southern States, and

the small map the latter is combined with

in amount.

was largely incurred in support of projects for

the local debt.

O f the total amount raised by taxation

railroad

and

other

internal

improvements.

Local indebtedness is distributed in much

This

The great increase between i860 and 1870

the same manner as local taxation.

proportion varied greatly in the different states,

was, of course, due to the war, since which time

body of it, especially in the North Atlantic

ranging from

to

the states have been engaged in paying off or

States, is made up of municipal debt.

Generally speaking, it was

otherwise disposing of the obligations thereby

county debt in New England is trifling in

incurred.

amount, while the town and city debt com­

22%

per cent, was for school purposes.

3 7 in Iowa.

124 per cent,

in Texas

greater in the Northern Central States than

The great
The

SC R IB N E R S STA TISTICA L A T L A S

lxxii

The net increase of national indebtedness

sustained, while a debt was accumulated which,

of these nations was more than $6,000,000,000,

had the interests at stake been less, would

New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, but

or 36 per cent.

have staggered the nation by the mere con­

the item of county debt becomes proportion­

estimates that population

ally somewhat larger.

per cent., public wealth, io £ per cent., and

close of the war, the indebtedness amounted to

through the Northern Central States the item

the earnings of nations, 19^ per cent.

It is

$2,773,200,000, an amount nearly twenty-two

of municipal indebtedness decreases with the

unnecessary to point out the apparent fact

times as great as the debt at the close of the

decrease in urban population, while the county

that the nations of the globe,

war of 1812, and nearly thirty-seven times

debt becomes proportionally greater.

collectively, are living beyond their income.

prises nearly the whole amount of the local
indebtedness.

The case is very similar in

Proceeding westward

In the

In

this

period

Mulhall

has increased 9^

considered

templation of its amount.

that caused by the Revolution.
Reduction

Southern States the local indebtedness consists

In 1866, at the

commenced at once, and on

Historical Sketch of the National
Debt.— A t the time of the adoption of the

July 1, 1876, the debt was but $2,180,000,000.

Constitution, and the inception of the present

arations for resumption and continuing until

form of government, it inherited from the old

1879, when the debt

confederation, as a fruit of the Revolutionary

500,000.

indebted­

war, a debt of $75,400,000, in round numbers.

with still greater rapidity, while by refund­

ness of the United States on July i, 1880, was

For many years thereafter this proved a heavy

ing the several

$2,120,415,371. A s a debtor this country stands

load for its infantile resources, and it was

lower rates of interest, the burden of the debt

high among the nations.

not until 1805 that any material reduction was

has been still further diminished.

is excelled only by France ($3,829,982,399),

made.

From that time until the opening of

interest amounted in 1865 to $150,977,697.87.

Great Britain ($3,766,671,000), Russia ($3,318,-

the war of 1812, the debt was steadily reduced,

In 1880 it was but $79,633,981.00, a decrease

953,000),

Italy

and in that year amounted to but $45,200,000.

of 45 per cent., while the principal has been,

($2,540,313,000), while twelve civilized nations

This war swelled it rapidly, so that four years

in the same interval, diminished 24 per cent.

are

later it had risen to $127,300,000.

Under

The national debt in 1880 was $42.28 per capita

and the rapid

of the population, and the yearly interest, $1.59.

almost entirely of county debt, that of muni­
cipalities being very small.
of

local

indebtedness

The total amount

in

these

states

is

decidedly less than in the Northern States.

The National Debt.— The

Spain

reported

In this respect it

($2,579,245,000)

as

standing

list.

Of

the aggregate

ness

of

civilized

and

lower

national

nations

in

the

indebted­

($23,286,414,753),

good

financial management

Then followed an increase, largely due to prep­
amounted to

$2,349,-

Since that time it has been reduced
loans as they fell

due, at

The annual

growth of resources it was steadily reduced,

In

until in 1835-6 there was not only no debt

The National Debt in 1880.—

1870 the United States stood second in this

but a surplus in the treasury, which proved

The following statement shows the composi­

list, being excelled only by Great Britain, and

then, as now, a source of far greater concern,

tion of the principal of the public debt on

the national debt at that time was 14^ per

with politicians, than the former load of debt.

June 30, 1880:

cent, of the aggregate indebtedness of the

The problem of disposing of the surplus funds

civilized world.

was at that time solved by distributing them

that of this country is 9— per

cent.

During the decade between

1870 and 1880 the national debt has been

5

“

overtaken by the financial difficulties of 1837,

This reduction is unparalleled

in the financial history of nations.
other

countries which

have

The only

reduced

their

which swept away nearly all

income from

certain deficit.

($66,796,000),
Denmark

($I3 ,5 9 9 » 00)5

($670,924,402)

and

That of Germany,

D em and

te n d e r

C e r t if ic a t e s o f d e p o s i t ........................................... 14 ,4 6 5 ,0 0 0
G o l d a n d s i lv e r c e r t i f i c a t e s ..

2 0 ,3 78 ,8 70

F r a c t i o n a l c u r r e n c y ................

7 ,2 1 4 ,9 5 4

T o t a l .........................................................

$ 3 8 8 ,8 0 0 ,8 15

increased it rapidly to

among the several nations and states forming

year 1851.

It was quite as rapidly reduced,

the treasury was $201,088,623, against which

the federation.

A ll other countries in the

and in 1857 when the great business depres­

there were current liabilities amounting to

civilized

have

sion occurred, it was but $28,700,000.

The

$55,648,165, leaving a balance of $155,440,458.

during the decade, several of them to a very

reduction of the revenues accompanying this

The national debt, less the balance of cash in

great extent, even in some cases without more

again forced the country to borrow, and the

the treasury, was $1,964,974,912.

than

of expenditure.

outbreak of the Civil W ar found the United

the expenses of the Franco-

States with a debt of $90,600,000, and its credit

the ordinary

sources

war, which

le g a l

duced by a distribution of the national debt

their debts

Mexican

and

n o t e s ............................................... $ 3 4 6 ,7 4 1 ,9 9 1

the

increased

the

$ 7 ,6 2 1 ,4 5 5

D e b t b e a r in g n o i n t e r e s t :

The debt grew slowly until
of

$ 1 ,7 2 3 ,9 9 3 ,1 0 0

M a tu r e d d e b t ....................................................................

indeed, is but an apparent reduction, pro­

world

outbreak

14,000,000

T o t a l ..........................

T o meet it loans were author­

as a borrower.

250 ,000,000

N a v y p e n s io n f u n d ...................

ized, and once more the Government appeared

Germany

4 8 4 ,8 6 4,9 0 0

4
“
“
7 3 7 ,9 8o> o°
8
R e f u n d i n g c e r t i f i c a t e s ......................................... 1,3 6 7 ,0 0 0

customs duties, and left the treasury to face a

debts during the decade are Great Britain

“
“

“

4

sooner been completed than the country was

14^ per cent.

6 p e r c e n t , b o n d s .........................$ 2 3 5 ,7 8 0 ,4 0 0

among the states; a process which had no

reduced by the amount of $360,257,057, or

I n t e r e s t - b e a r in g d e b t :

$68,300,000 in

the

T o t a l p r in c ip a l o f p u b l i c d e b t ................................... $ 2 ,1 2 0 ,4 1 5 ,3 7 0

At

that

date

the

amount of cash

in

This was in part due

Distribution of the National
Debt.— The registered bonds are held almost

Russia has increased its

to the fact that the revenue had for four years

entirely in this country, only $27,894,350 out

debt about $2,200,000,000 by the war with

been far less than the expenses, and in part to

of the total amount of $1,173,749,250, or 2.4

Turkey, by keeping up, in time of peace,

the general feeling of uncertainty regarding the

per cent., being held abroad at the dates for

an

future, action of the Government toward the

which the

by national aid to a vast system of railways.

seceding states.

were, for the 4 per cents, June 1; for the 4 ^ ’s,

Spain, too,

during a decade of peace, has

of the Government distinctly outlined by the

July 1; and for the 5’s, August 1, 1880.

added nearly $1,200,000,000 to its load; Italy

calls for men and means for carrying on a

attempt was made to determine the distribution

has added over $600,000,000, and Turkey nearly

great war, than the national credit improved

of the 6 per cent, registered bonds further than

$700,000,000.

very greatly at home, and was wonderfully

to ascertain what portion of them was held

France, with

Prussian war, increased her debt
than $1,500,000,000.

immense

military

by more

establishment,

and

in a very low condition.

No sooner was the policy

investigation was

made.

These
No

F IN A N C E A N D
abroad.

O f the 4, 4^ and 5’s held in this

country, 43^ per cent, were held by individuals,

COMMERCE.

lxxiii

livres, with other minor debts owing to France,

from which revenue could be raised; with

5%

O f the coupon bonds a much larger pro­
portion, 41^ per cent, was held abroad.

enormous

debt

to

hanging over the country, like a black incubus,

$174,017 appears to have been obtained from

and the country flooded with a depreciated

Spain.

paper currency.

33^ per cent, by national banks, and 23^ by
other banks, insurance and trust companies, etc.

what was at that time an

per cent, stock was issued.
In

1781

a

secret

loan

amounting

This was repaid in 1792 and 1793.

The only relief could be but

temporary, by incurring a still heavier load

The

The so-called French loan of 10,000,000

total amount of the national debt which was

livres ($1,815,000) was in reality obtained in

of debt for the future.

held by other than citizens of this country,

Holland, the King of France making himself

evil day and to meet temporary necessities

was, in 1880, $249,002,775, or 12^ per cent.

responsible

that the Holland loans of

The

map and

its repayment.

This

took

1790 and 1791

upon Plate 78,

place after the failure of repeated attempts to

were authorized.

per capita of the

obtain loans in Holland on the credit of the

American finances was, it appears that their

United States.

effect was little felt in the Holland money

diagram

showing the distribution
population, of

for

It was to put off the

the 4, 4yi and 5 per cent,

The conditions of this loan,

which was

great body of this portion of the national debt

should bear 4 per cent, interest, and be repaid

were readily taken.

is held in the North Atlantic group of states—

in

commencing

American credit in Holland was, at that time,

and that in the South and in the W est, except­

November 5, 1787.

The United States, how­

fully as high as that of any European nation.

ing California and Colorado, the amount held

ever, found itself unable to commence the

In the latter year a small loan was negotiated

is in comparison

repayment

1795 there

at Antwerp, with so little difficulty that a

remained due about $176,000, which was paid

portion of it was withdrawn from the market

in the 4

and subsequently placed at more advantageous

mercial and

trifling.

The great com­

manufacturing states are those

which give the principal financial support to
the Government.

These bonds are widely

The

annual

in 1781, were

installments,

until

1792, and

in

that it

market, as these loans at 5 per cent, interest

registered bonds, proves unmistakably that the

ten

obtained

Bad as the condition of

per cent, stock issued that year.
French

loan

of

6,000,000

livres

Indeed, it appears that

rates than before offered.

distributed, being in the hands of no fewer

($1,089,000) was obtained upon these con­

The Holland loan of 1792, which was at 4

than 71,587 persons, besides those interested

ditions:— that it bear interest at the rate of

per cent, interest and to run for eleven years,

in savings banks, etc., which have invested

5 per cent., commencing January 1, 1784, and

was obtained for the purpose of liquidating

largely in them. B y its very existence and wide

that it be repaid in six annual installments,

certain domestic debts of the Government.

distribution, this bonded debt forms a power­

beginning January 1, 1785. This debt, however,

That of 1793 was merely a re-loan or continua­

ful element of stability of the Government, and

remained unpaid until

tion of the first installment, then due, of the

a guarantee of its financial soundness.

cent, stock was issued in lieu thereof.

1795, when 5 y2 per
This

Holland loan of 1782.

That of 1794 was for

concluded the financial transactions with the

the purpose of paying installments of matured

debt

French Government for the time being, as most

debts and interest, and to provide for certain

commenced with the existence of the nation.

of the loans contracted for a number of years

domestic debts.

During the Revolution material assistance was

thereafter were placed in Holland by private

a blaze of war, and while this fact tended to

received from France, at first in the form of

bankers.

increase American credit, it raised the price of

gifts or subsidies from the Government, and

showed, what scarcely needed demonstration,

money.

later in that of loans.

that American credit was very low with the

the loan was for eleven years.

National Loans.— The

national

The subsidies amounted

of

loan

France ”

1777.

from
was

the

“ Farmers-General

negotiated

secretly

in

A s France was not then prepared to

The interest paid was 5 per cent, and

Added to this difficulty was

This was the last of the Holland loans.

the fact that several European nations were in

Their total amount was $13,000,000, $3,600,000

the Holland market endeavoring to place loans

of which was borrowed under authority of

at the same time.

the Continental Congress, and $9,400,000 by

worthy burghers.

altogether to 10,000,000 livres ($1,815,000).
The

The first of these, or that of 1782,

A t this time Europe was in

This first loan was, however,

was afraid to aid us openly, our application

$2,000,000, to bear interest at 5 per cent., and

for a loan of 1,000,000 livres ($181,500), at

was to be redeemed in annual installments of

5 per cent., was referred by the Government to

$400,000 each, to begin in 1792.

In 1784

of temporary loans were effected, mainly for

the “ Farmers-General,” a private corporation

another loan was negotiated, but in order to

small amounts, to meet immediate pressing

which had undertaken to collect the revenues

place this it was necessary to resort to the

necessities.

of the country and pay the Government a

extraordinary expedient of a lottery in con­

from the banks

fixed sum annually, by which the required

nection with it.

America, and of the United States, after the

amount was supplied.

at the rate of 4 per cent., to run seventeen

French

loan

of

This loan was to bear interest

years and then to be redeemed in annual pay­

with the other French loans.
The

It was for the sum of

They have all been

finally taken

This loan was settled

up.

the Federal Government.

go to war with Great Britain, and therefore

18,000,000 livres

ments, completed in six years thereafter.

The

redeemed.
In 1789 and subsequent years, a number

These loans were obtained mainly
of

New

York,

of

North

establishment of the latter in 1791.
The 4

and 5 ^ per cent, stocks of 1795

were issued for the purpose of extinguishing

($3,267,000) was probably at first intended as

loan of 1787 was apparently raised for the

the French debt, which was effected.

a subsidy rather than a loan.

The money

purpose of paying the interest on previous

proposed at the same time to extinguish the

was advanced at the rate of 750,000 livres

loans, and that of 1788 for current expenses of

Holland debt by similar means, converting it

per month, and in 1782, the total having

the Government at home and abroad.

from a foreign to a domestic debt, but the

reached 15,000,000 livres, 3,000,000 more were

The

Government of the United States,

attempt

failed, the private

holders

It was

of the

which went into operation on April 30, 1789,

Holland debt proving less easy to deal with

The

found its financial affairs in all but a hopeless

than the French Government.

greater part of this loan was repaid between

condition; the country impoverished, no means

The issue of the 6 per cent, stock of 1796 was

1791 and 1795, and for the balance, 4,186,776

of raising revenue, and almost no sources

an unsuccessful attempt to borrow $5,000,000

added,

and

the

whole

loan

bore

interest

thereafter at 5 per cent, per annum.

SCRIBNER'S STA TISTICA L ATLAS.

lxxiv

for the purpose of repaying temporary loans

notes, also, to the amount of $5,000,000 were

which $11,699,326.63 was received, showing

made by the Bank of North America.

issued in the same year.

an average

attempted

loan

The

Toward the close of ,

discount of about 4* per cent.

was a failure, because the

the year, a deficit in the treasury appearing

It was redeemed in the years between 1817

country was at that time flooded with Govern­

probable, a further loan of $7,500,000 was

and 1835.

ment securities, while money was commanding

ordered and negotiated at a discount of 11.75

loan was also secured.

rates of interest considerably in excess of that

per cent.

offered.

from January 1, 1814.

It was redeemable in twelve years

Under this act a small temporary

In 1820, to meet an anticipated deficit in

Early in 1814 treasury

the treasury, a loan of $3,000,000 was author­

The Navy 6 per cent, stock was issued in

notes, running one year from date of issue, to

ized, which was obtained, one-third at 5 per

payment for vessels purchased for the navy

bear interest at the rate of 5’- per cent., were

cent, and two-thirds at 6 per cent, interest.

in 1798.

authorized, to the amount of $10,000,000.

In 1821, under a similar condition of affairs,

A

loan, at 6 per cent., of $25,000,000 was also

a loan of $5,000,000 was effected.

were incurred for the purpose of providing

authorized.

Under this act three loans were

of these deficits appears to have been the

against a possible war with France, which at

negotiated,

the

financial panic and distress of 1819.

that time appeared imminent.

per cent., nearly all of which was obtained

time the ease with which money could be

at a discount of

a second

obtained with the ample security offered by

The 8 per cent, loans of 1798 and 1800

The Louisiana 6 per cents were issued
in

1803,

in

payment

to

Louisiana.

to

semi-annually,

be paid

redeemed

in annual

The

20 per cent.;

A t this

the

of $6,000,000, most of which was obtained at

the Government, was shown by the fact that

interest

was

the same discount, and the smaller sum of

the latter loan, bearing 5 per cent, interest,

stock

$746,403.31, for which was received in cash

yielded a premium of over 5% per cent.

and

amounts

$10,000,000, at 6

for

France

territory of

first for

The cause

the

of

not less

In 1822 an attempt was made to exchange

$652,534.36.
The so-called Mississippi stock was issued

a stock bearing 5 per cent, interest for a

in 1814, in satisfaction of certain claims of

part of the 6 and 7 per cent, stocks, maturing

corporations and individuals to lands in the

in the years 1825 and 1826.

stocks of 1807 were issued in exchange for old

western part of Mississippi territory.

was a failure, only a trifling proportion of these

6 per cents, deferred stocks and 3 per cents, of

stock bore no interest, and was redeemable at

which $50,850,000 were at that time outstand­

the pleasure of the Government.

than $3,000,000, beginning fifteen years after
the treaty of cession.
The exchanged and converted 6 per cent,

This

This attempt

stocks being exchanged.
In 1824 a 4.% per cent, loan was negotiated
for the purpose of settling the title with Spain

but

In December, 1814, a temporary loan was

$9,!53,9°1— showing that, in the majority of

obtained from the banks, and a new issue of

to

cases, the holders preferred the old stocks to

treasury notes, redeemable in one year, and

that country.

the new.

bearing interest at the rate of 5^ per cent., was

per cent, was

made.

This issue amounted to $8,318,400.

redeeming a part of the 6 per cent, stock of

Early in 1815 an act authorizing a tem­

1812, and $4,454,727.95 of the 6 per cents

ing. . O f these

there were

exchanged

In 1810 and 1812 loans were obtained, at
6 per cent., for meeting deficits in the income

that portion

of Louisiana contested by

In the same year a loan at 4^
effected for the purpose of

of 1813 were exchanged for 4

per cents.

payable

porary loan, in anticipation of the amount to

within six years from January 1, 1811, and the

be raised by a direct tax, was passed, but news

latter, at the pleasure of the Government, at

of the treaty of peace with Great Britain, which

redemption of another portion of the 6 per

any time after the expiration of twelve years

reached this country shortly after the passage

cents of 1813, an act was passed authorizing a

from January 1, 1813.

of the act, rendered it unnecessary, and but

loan of $12,000,000 at 4

authorized a loan of $11,000,000, of which,

about $200,000 were raised under it.

In the

to the low rate of interest offered, this loan was

however, only $8,134,700 was obtained.

same year a temporary loan of $225,000 was

not a success, and the amount of 6 per cents

effected

of 1813 exchanged for it was but little over

of the country.

The

former was

The act of Congress

In 1812 treasury notes to the amount of

for the purpose

of rebuilding the

In

1825,

in

order

to

provide for the

per cent.

Owing

$1,500,000.

$5,000,000 were issued, in anticipation of a still

Capitol and W hite House, destroyed by the

further deficit in the treasury.

These notes

British during their occupation of Washington.

In 1836 the country was, for the first time

bore interest from the date of issue, at the

The estimated deficiency in the revenue for

in its history, out of debt, and with a revenue
greatly in excess of its requirements.

In the

rate of 5f per cent., and were redeemable in

the year 1815 was over $41,000,000.

one year from date of issue.

was passed February 24, providing for an issue

following year, however, the financial crash

of $25,000,000 in treasury notes, under which

induced a different aspect of affairs.

$4,969,400 were issued in denominations of

diminution in customs duties left a deficit in

$100 and over, bearing interest at 5^ per cent.,

the treasury, which was relieved by the issue

and $3,392,994 in lesser denominations, without

of treasury notes to the amount of $10,000,000.

war with Great Britain, comparatively large

interest.

These were received in payment of customs

amounts were necessarily raised by loan and

seven per cent, stocks respectively.

by the issue of treasury notes.

In 1813 a

close of the war, although expenses had been

reissued, hence, during the three following

loan of $16,000,000 was authorized, without

greatly reduced and the income of the Govern­

years, the income of the Government was very

limit as to rate of interest to be given, nor was

ment had increased, the demand for money

much reduced.

it stipulated that it should be floated at par.

to meet loans falling due, and to redeem

years 1839, 1840 and 1841, acts were passed

It was redeemable at the pleasure of the

treasury notes which were daily coming in,

authorizing the reissue of these notes and an

Government.

rendered another loan a necessity.

increase in the amount.

In the same year new 6 per cent, stock was
issued to

the amount of $2,984,746.72, to

replace old 6 per cent, and deferred stock.
During the next three years, owing to the

The full amount was raised at

A n act

These were redeemable in six and
A t the

Accord­

duties, and,

The great

under the law, could

not be

T o provide for deficits in the

These were merely

the interest rate of 6 per cent.

W ith a small

ingly an act was passed and approved March 3,

temporary expedients, and in 1841 a loan of

portion of it an annuity, at 1

per cent, per

1815, providing for a loan of $18,452,800, which

$12,000,000 wa$ authorized at 6 per cent.,

annum for thirteen years, was added. Treasury

was floated to the extent of $12,288,147.56, for

payable

three years after January 1, 1842.

4

F IN A N C E

AND

COMMERCE.

lxxv

Under this act $5,672,976.88 was obtained.

notes not having proved sufficient to prevent

$20,000,000, at 6 per cent, interest.

Owing to the small amount realized from this

a deficiency, a loan of $20,000,000 was nego­

February 12, 1862, authorized $10,000,000 more

loan a deficiency was still apprehended, and to

tiated at a small premium, ranging from 2 to 7

of treasury notes.

meet it the treasury notes were reissued, and

per cent.

The stock bore interest at 5 per

treasury notes were issued to the amount of

an additional

cent.

In i860 it became necessary to provide

$389,351,100— the bonds bearing interest at but

longer time to run, was authorized, while the

for the redemption of a large amount of

6 per cent., although 7 per cent, was authorized

time of the former loan was extended.

By

treasury notes, and accordingly an act was

by the act.

these means the sum of $8,301,468.23 was

passed providing for a loan of $21,000,000.

The act authorizing the issue of the “ five-

obtained.

In August, 1842, and again in 1843,

O f this amount $10,000,000 was put upon the

twenties” of 1862 provided for a loan of

authority to reissue treasury notes was given,

market at 5 per cent., and subscribed for at

$500,000,000, redeemable after five years and

and in the latter year a loan to the amount

once, but before the- delivery of the bonds the

payable after twenty years.

of $7,004,231.35 was effected

outbreak of the rebellion

interest at 6 per cent, and were free from

loan of $5,000,000, having a

for the pur­

induced a large

A n act of

Under these acts, bonds and

The bonds bore

proportion of the subscribers to withdraw their

taxation.

subscriptions, even at the cost of forfeiting

when the subscription books were closed, it

Mexico, there was an impending deficit in the

their deposits.

was found that $11,000,000 above the amount

treasury.

the treasury notes, which was done

pose of cancelling these treasury notes.
In 1846, in consequence of the war with
T o prevent this, treasury notes to

This necessitated the reissue of

the amount of $7,687,800 were issued, and a

extent of

$10,010,900, at

loan amounting to $4,999,149.15 was negoti­

to the

various rates of

interest, from 6 to 12 per cent.

This loan was so freely taken, that

asked had been subscribed, and additional
legislation was had to authorize its issue.

It

was an extremely popular loan, as it was issued

In the same year a small amount of

The Oregon war debt consisted of bonds at

in bonds of small denominations, and great

5 per cent, stock, known as the Mexican

6 per cent., issued in payment for services and

care was taken to distribute it widely among the

Indemnity stock, was issued in payment of

for expenses incurred in Indian wars in Oregon

people.

certain claims of American citizens against

between 1855 and 1858.

the amount of this loan, so that the total

ated.

Mexico, which had been assumed by

this

A t this time, owing to internal troubles, the

Further legislation slightly increased

amount issued was

$514,771,600.

The

act

The

authorizing this loan also made provision for

In 1847 treasury notes to the amount of

loan of February, 1861, necessitated by an

a temporary loan of $25,000,000 at 5 per cent.

$26,122,100 were issued to meet an expected

expected deficit in the treasury, which bore

This provision was subsequently extended by

deficit in the treasury, and, later in the same

interest at the rate of 6 per cent., was nego­

legislation, repeatedly, and under it temporary

year, stock to the amount of $28,230,350 was

tiated only at a discount which netted $89.03

loans were effected, amounting in the aggregate

issued, most of it at a small premium, in part

for each $100.

to $716,099,247.16.

to prevent a deficit, and

same reason, authority was given

country.

credit of the Government was very low.

in part

for the

In the same year, and for the
to issue

In February,

1862, authority was

given

treasury notes, the amount of which was not

to issue legal tender notes to the amount

definitely limited.

Under this authority notes

of $150,000,000, and in July of that year,

during the Mexican war, an act was

to the amount of $35,364,450 were issued, an

additional legislation increased the amount to

passed in 1847 offering as a bounty, to all who

amount greatly in excess of that contemplated

$300,000,000.

served for a year or more, a warrant for one

by the act, although not in excess of its literal

ized repeated reissues to a total amount of

hundred and sixty acres of land or treasury

rendering.

$1,640,559,947.

scrip for $100, and to those who served less

necessary by the outbreak of the rebellion.

1862, provided that certificates of indebtedness

than one year, a warrant for forty acres or

This epoch in our history found the country

bearing 5 per cent, might be issued in pay­

treasury scrip for $25, as each man might elect.

with an empty treasury, a debt of $90,000,000,

ment of audited accounts. These “ certificates

It is unnecessary to say that the latter alterna­

which at that time seemed enormous, and

of indebtedness” thus issued amounted to

tives

with its credit in a very low condition.

$561,753,241.65.

redemption of these treasury notes.
In order to encourage the enlistment of
men

were

chosen

by

but

few, and

the

This large amount was rendered

The

amount of treasury scrip issued under this

financial outlook, with an impending war of

act was only $233,075.

great magnitude, was not promising.

A t the

Subsequent legislation author­
A n act approved on March 1,

The act authorizing the issue of fractional
currency

was

passed

March

3,

1863.

It

The w ar. with Mexico still continuing, it

meeting of the extra session of Congress, in

provided that the total amount. issued should

became necessary during 1848 to take extra­

July, 1861, the Secretary of the Treasury sub­

not exceed $50,000,000.

ordinary means to supply the needs of the

mitted an estimate of the probable expenses

subsequent legislation, fractional currency was

army.

For this purpose a loan of $16,000,000,

of the year as $318,519,581, a sum which, large

issued amounting to $368,720,079.51, including

at 6 per cent., was ordered and negotiated at

as it seemed, was $240,000,000 less than the

reissues.

a small premium.

actual expenditures.

Under this act and

T o meet this exigency

The act of March 3, 1863, provided for the

The Texas indemnity stock was issued in

an act was passed authorizing a loan to the

issue of bonds to the amount of $300,000,000

1850, in order to pay the state of Texas for the

amount of $250,000,000, either in the form of

for the current fiscal year and $600,000,000

territory surrendered by her to the United

bonds, at a rate of interest not greater than 7

for the next year, at 6 per cent., not taxable,

States.

per cent., and redeemable after twenty years, or

and redeemable at any time after ten years, the

in the form of treasury notes, payable in three

interest to cease after forty years.

from customs duties, produced by the financial

years, with interest at 7^ per cent.

the “ ten-forties.”

panic, threatened a deficit in the treasury, and,

was also given to issue treasury notes, pay­

the issue of $400,000,000 in treasury notes.

to meet this, treasury notes to the amount of

able on demand, or in one year with interest

These bore interest at 5 per cent, and ran

$52,778,900, including reissues, were issued.

at 3^ per cent., to an amount not exceeding

one or two years.

In the following year, the issue of treasury

$50,000,000, and to the additional amount of

and coin certificates were authorized by the

In 1857 the great decrease in the revenue

t

Authority

These were

This act also authorized

Compound interest notes

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

lxxvi

The former were legal tender, and

effected at comparatively low rates of interest,

support of

payable at any time after three years from

to replace those which matured about that

returned a small amount to the public coffers

date of issue, with interest compounded at 6

time.

during that and the three following years.

per cent., payable at maturity.

loan of 1881.

same act.

authorized was $400,000,000.

The amount

The latter were

The first of these was the 5 per cent,
The amount of this loan was

the general

government, which
The

income in the year 1800 was $10,800,000, an

The

$517,994,150, which was issued at par.

average per inhabitant of a little over $2.00.

simply, as the name indicates, certificates of

second was

loan of 1891.

From this date until 1809 the income continued

the deposit of coin in the treasury.

The amount issued of this was $250,000,000,

to grow at a rate considerably greater than that

which was also sold at par.

of population, when the great depression in the

They

were payable on demand and bore no interest.

the 4 ^ -per-cent.

O f the 4-per-cent,

The ten-forties of 1864 were redeemable

loan of 1907 there was issued $739,480,800,

business

after ten years, and were payable in forty years

which sold from par to }4 per cent, premium.

suddenly reduced it more than one-half.

from date of issue.

In 1879 and 1880 refunding certificates were

1810, when

per cent., and were sold at rates varying from

issued to the amount of $40,012,750.

These

recovered, they amounted to but $9,400,000,

par to 7 per cent, premium.

The five-twenties

bore interest at the rate of 4 per cent., were

nearly all of which was derived from customs,

of March, in the same year, were redeemable

sold at par, and were convertible, with accrued

and nine-tenths of the balance from the sale

in five years and payable in twenty years

interest, into 4-per-cent, bonds of 1907.

of public lands.

from date.

They bore interest at 5

The interest was at 6 per cent,

and they were sold at par.

The amount issued

was but a very small proportion
authorized.

of

that

The five-twenties authorized in

June of the same year were very similar,

interests of

the infantile

the revenues

republic
In

had but slightly

Then followed, immediately

The act of February 28, 1878, authorized

upon this period of financial distress, the war

the exchange of silver for certificates of deposit.

with Great Britain, which largely increased

These certificates were redeemable on demand

the expenditures and rendered necessary not

and bore no interest.

only the contraction of heavy loans, but an

The amount issued

increase, by all available means, of income.

was $21,018,000.

W ith this in view, internal revenue taxes and

having the same time and rate of interest.

Thus it appears that the loans negotiated

They were sold at an average premium of

for the purpose of carrying on the Revolutionary

direct taxation were again resorted to.

2^5 per cent., and the amount authorized was

W ar were contracted, with one exception, with

sources of revenue, with the proceeds from the

fully taken.

or by the aid of the King of France.

sale

From

These

of public lands, rapidly increased the

the close of the Revolution up to 1794 the

income, so that in 1816, after the close of the

for three years and bore interest at the rate

loans were

war, it amounted

of 74 per cent.

The amount issued, including

single exception of the Antwerp loan, while

revenue and direct taxes continued to form

reissues, was $829,992,500, which was sold at

since that date the loans have been taken

appreciable portions of the receipts until 1820,

an average premium of o ^ per cent.

almost exclusively in this country.

when the aggregate income, derived almost

The seven-thirties of 1864 and 1865 ran

taken by the

Dutch, with the

to

$47,700,000.

Internal

The Navy Pension Fund represents the

entirely from customs and sales of public land,

share of the United States in the receipts

was $17,800,000, or about $1.85 per capita
of population.

was, by the act of April 23, 1800, devoted to

Revenues of the General Gov­
ernment.— In these latter days, when

the payment of naval pensions.

The principal

the Government is receiving and expending

profound peace, during which the income grew

of this fund amounted on July 1, 1864, to

hundreds of millions annually, it is interesting

slowly but steadily at a rate very little greater

about $14,000,000.

On this date an act was

to look backward down the long vista of nearly

than that of population, and was derived in the

passed to invest this fund in U. S. securities,

100 years, and see from what small beginnings

main from customs, with small reinforcements

bearing interest at 3 per cent, annually.

this immense and complicated governmental

from sales of public lands, and profits from

machinery has grown.

In 1880, when the

stock in the second Bank of the United States.

issued was $203,327,250, at an average premium

population numbered about fifty millions, the

In 1830 the income was $24,800,000, or $1.93

of

net receipts amounted to $333,500,000, or $6.65

per head of population.

redeemed in five years, and they matured in

to each inhabitant.

it increased rapidly.

twenty years.

The rate of interest was 6 per

the thirty-two months between May 4, 1789, and

of speculation was at its height, the revenue

The consols of the same year, of 1867,

December 31, 1791, the aggregate receipts were

amounted to $50,800,000, nearly half of which

and 1868, ran the same length of time and

but $4,400,000, or at the average rate of about

was from the sale of public lands.

bore the same rate of interest.

$1,700,000 annually.

that the national debt, for the first and perhaps

from the sale of prizes, the interest on which

O f the five-twenties of 1865, the amount
2^

cent.

per cent.

These bonds

might be

The amounts

The population in 1790
millions,

and

the

last

time,

was

Then it was

extinguished, and

the

were respectively, $332,998,950, at 3 ^ per cent,

the income of the Government was but $0.42

Government, from its abundance, made dona­

premium; $379,618,000, at 1— per cent; and

per capita of population.

tions to the state treasuries.

$4 2 ,5 3 9 .3 5 °. at OiS, per cent.
In 1867 three-per-cent, certificates to the

almost entirely from customs duties, as has

which followed

been the case during most of our career as a

greatly, and in 1840 they amounted only to

amount of $85,155,000 were issued, including

nation.

$19,500,000, or $1.14 per capita.

reissues, at par.

out our scanty revenues from customs by an

They reached their lowest point in the

internal revenue tax, which, from that time until

following year, at $16,900,000, after which they

1802, continued to yield a small amount.

increased gradually.

In 1870 certificates of deposit, running five

four

In 1836, when the tide

was a little

payable on demand.

than

Then for a few years

issued and the average premium of these loans

This was a temporary loan,

less

On the other hand, during

Then followed a long series of years of

This was derived

In 1792, an attempt was made to eke

The

years and bearing 4 per cent, interest, were

Government derived from its investment in

to

sold at par.

the first Bank of the United States a notable

increase

amount of income in those days of small things.

until

In 1800 a direct tax also was levied for the

$74,100,000.

Under the refunding acts of July 14, 1870,
and January 20,

1871, several

loans were

reduced

$43,600,000, or
continued

The depression

the revenues very

In 1850 they amounted
$1.88 per capita.
almost

1856, when the income

This

uninterruptedly
amounted to

The succeeding business depres-

F IN A N C E A N D

COMMERCE.

sion reduced it very greatly, and in i860 it

total $267,700,000.

was but $56,100,000, or $1.78 per capita.

tributed among the several items as follows:

In 1862 a direct income tax was levied.

This

amount was

dis­

lxxvii
increased in cost in times of

peace from

between one and two millions up to about forty
millions, while in the year 1865, the closing

In

1863 internal revenue taxes were again laid,

A mount .

P ercentage
of T o tal .

year of the war, there was expended upon it
the huge amount of $1,030,700,000.

and from these, with customs, the amount of

The navy,

Civil and Miscellaneous Expensed

$57,5oo,o°o

21-5

W a r ......................................................

38,100,000

14.2

N a v y ....................................................

a larger income than during any other year in

I 3.'500;000

5 -1

Pensions.............................................

56,800,000

21.2

its history.

From internal revenue taxes, from

In d ian s...............................................

5,900,000

2.2

trifling amount to a sum which would give

customs, and from miscellaneous sources, and

Interest...............................................

95,800,000

35-8

each inhabitant more than one dollar annually.

income was multiplied many times during the
years of the war.

In 1866 the Government had

too, has increased in cost from an amount to be
reckoned in hundreds of thousands, to about
$15,000,000.

Pensions have grown

from a

O f all the items, the civil and miscellaneous

mainly from the first of these, there was raised
During the decade immediately following

list has grown with the greatest steadiness.

the adoption of the constitution, the yearly

In the earlier years of the nation’s history

expenditures averaged but a little over four

this item ranged between one and two millions.

the receipts gradually

millions, about one-third of which was for civil

In 1880 it was $57,500,000, the population

decreased, as the internal revenue taxes and

and miscellaneous expenses, one-third for the

having, in the meantime, increased from about

customs duties were diminished, and as the

support of the army, and the remainder for the

four millions to fifty millions.

imports became less.

navy, pensions and Indians.

the enormous sum of $558,000,000“ or an
average

of about $17.00 from every

man,

woman and child in the country.
From

that

time

In 1870 the income was

The

The population

following

table,

abstracted

from

derived

at the middle of this period was about four and

Mulhall’s “ Balance Sheet of the W orld,” is

from duties and internal revenue, in nearly

one-half millions, and the average cost of the

interesting in this connection as showing the

equal proportions, and in 1880 it was still

government to each inhabitant only $0.92.

position of this country among foreign nations,

$411,300,000,a which was

nearly all

in respect of expenditures for its war and

further diminished to $333,500,000, and this

Since the beginning the annual expenses of

was much greater than in any year subsequent

the Government have gone on increasing, at a

naval establishments in 1880.

to 1872.

rate somewhat greater than that of the increase

given in pounds sterling:

The

total

Government,

net

receipts

exclusive

of

of

the General

loans,

from

in population.

Amounts are

Each war has, of course, tem­

its

porarily increased them very greatly, while at

organization to 1880, have been $7,758,000,000.
The principal part of this enormous amount

case, returned to the amount which they would

has been drawn from the following sources:

probably have reached had no war intervened,

R atio of
A r m y & N avy
to T otal
E x pen d itu re .

its close the ordinary expenses have, in no

but have always been in excess of that amount.
A mount .

P ercentage
of T o tal .

Customs..............................................

$4,439,000,000

57

Internal Revenue.............................

2,672,000,000

34

Sales of Public Lands...................

206,000,000

3

rapidly increased, so that in 1814 the whole

Premiums on L oans.......................

204,000,000

3

establishment cost over $30,000,000.

Thus, at the opening of the second war with
Great

Britain,

between

the

annual

five and six

expenses

millions.

were

This was
After the

war, expenses were reduced very slowly.

In

1817 they were nearly $15,500,000, and it was

E x p e n d itu r e s o f th e G e n e r a l
G o v e rn m e n t. — The aggregate ordinary

point, $9,800,000, and

expenses of the General Government, from the

to

increase.

In

time of the adoption of the constitution to

$13,100,000.

The

June 30, 1880, were $7,576,000,000.

during the decade between 1800 and 1810 were

there

have

been

expended

for

O f this
civil

and

C ost of
A rmy.

Russia................................ £29,000,000
22,500,000
France ............................
Germany............................ I 7,500,000
Great Britain................... 15,600,000
12,400,000
A u s tr ia .............................
8,800,000
I t a ly ..................................
8,000,000
United States...................
4,900,000
Spain..................................
2,000,000
H o lla n d ............................
2,000,000
T u rk e y ..............................
1,900,000
1,400,000
Sweden and Norway_
_
800,000
P o rtu g a l...........................
500,000
D en m ark..........................
300,000
G r e e c e ..............................

not until 1823 that they reached their lowest
1820

commenced thereafter
the

expenses

average annual

were

expenses

C ost of
N avy.

£4,100,000
6,300,000
2,900,000
10,400,000
800,000
2,200,000
2,800,000
1,100,000
1,200,000
500,000

34.80
23.76
23.72
30-95
20.68
20.02
19.28
20.03
32.20
....

400,000
3000,00
300,000
100,000

....

18.40
....

....

It will be seen that the expenses for these
purposes, both absolutely and relatively to the
total expenses of the Government, fall far short
of those of the leading European countries.

$5,400,000, showing a ratio of increase of about

P o sta l Business.—

miscellaneous purposes $1,515,000,000, or 20

30 per cent.

per cent, of the total amount; for the support

1810 to 1820, would show that in that year the

made in this country for the public transmis­

of the army, $4,314,000,000, or 57 per cent.; of

actual expenses were six millions in excess of

sion of mails, was by the colonies individually.

the navy, $1,013,000,000 or 13 per cent.; for

what they should have been, on the assumption

As

pensions, $548,000,000, or 7 per cent., and for

that they increased regularly in accordance with

a mail service within her limits, and Virginia

the support of Indians, $187,000,000, or between

the above ratio.

made a similar provision

2 and 3 per cent.

brought out in the case of the late Civil War.

colonies followed, and

interest on the public debt, which, during this

In i860 the expenses were $60,100,000.

regular monthly mail between New York and

period of nine-tenths of a century, amounts to

average rate of increase per decade prevailing

Boston.

the enormous sum of $2,105,000,000, an amount

in those

“ piping times of peace” was 85

colonial post-office system was established.

greatly in excess of any other item, excepting

per cent.

Supposing the expenses to continue

was necessarily of a very imperfect and limited

that of the support of the army.

to increase at this ratio, in 1870 they would

character, owing to

The ordinary expenditures in 1880 were

have amounted to $111,200,000, wherfeas the

of the population.

$169,100,000, or $3.37 per capita, to which

actual expenses in that year were $164,400,000.

Bancroft, letters could be forwarded eight times

should be added the interest and premiums

Examining the history of the several items

a year from Philadelphia to Virginia.

on

of expense, it is seen that the army has

1710, under a general act of Parliament for

loans,

viz.,

These figures do not include

$98,600,000,

making

the

This ratio, carried forward from

This is still more strongly

n Including premiums on loans.

The

The

first provision

early as 1639 Massachusetts
in

established

1657.

Other

in 1672 there was a

In 1692, under a royal patent, a

the scattered

It

condition

Under this system, says
In

SCRIBNER'S STA TISTICA L ATLAS.

lxxviii
establishing

a

post-office

throughout

the

were proportioned to distance as well as weight

dominion of Great Britain, a postal service was

of parcels, were so high as to make cor­

1855.

inaugurated, extending along the coast from

respondence a luxury to be indulged in only

introduced, and was received with great favor.

Maine

by the wealthy.

The

to Philadelphia, and thence, subse­

quently, southward

Virginia

and

In 1864 the money-order system was
growth

of

this

institution

has

been

the

rates, the business of the department, as shown

remarkable— in the year 1880 money orders

The mail service, especially in the

by the amount of its revenues, increased at a

amounting to more than $100,000,000 having

very rapid rate, much more rapidly, indeed,

been sold.

1753 Benjamin Franklin was appointed deputy

than the population.

The maximum distances

1872, and the free delivery system in 1863.

postmaster-general for America, and held this

given in these statements of rates, viz., 300,

The latter had in 1880 been extended to no

office until 1774.

400, 450 and 500 miles, are very suggestive of

less than 104 cities of the country; and, owing

Upon the outbreak of hostilities with Great

the comparatively small extent of the settled

to the immense increase which it has caused

Britain in 1775, the colonies were thrown upon

portion of the country at the time when these

in the number of drop-letters, it is said to be

their own resources for the maintenance of

rates were in force.

self-sustaining.

Carol inas.

into

In spite of these exorbitant

The registration of letters commenced in

South, was extremely scanty and poor.

communication.
Congress

In

In that year the Continental

appointed

Franklin

postmaster-

Postal cards were introduced in

In 1874, at the invitation of Germany, a

In consequence of the great reduction in
1845, the income of the

postal convention of all the leading countries

department was at first very much lessened.

of Europe, with the United States, was held,

To

the

and uniform rates of letter postage of five cents

Savannah, Georgia, with certain cross lines.

expenses of the department, both for salaries

per half ounce between all these countries

No statistics relating to the post-office under

and

agreed upon.

the

cut down.

general, and
transportation

provided for a line of
from

Continental

Falmouth,

Congress

mail

Maine,

have

been

to

pre­

letter postage in
meet

this

reduction

transportation

of

in

mails,

receipts,
were

greatly

The increase in the volume of

Since that date many other

countries, including nearly all upon this side of

served, and the earliest authentic information

business consequent upon the reduction in

regarding this branch of the Government bears

rates, however, soon brought the receipts far

date 1790.

The service had been organized as

above their former amount, and made the

C o in age o f the U n ited States.

a department of the United States Government

department again very nearly self-supporting.

— The mint was established in 1793.

on September 22 of the year preceding.

The spread of settlement to the Pacific coast

to 1850, when Californian gold began to pour

necessitated, in 1851, a readjustment of postal

over the country, its operations were on a

its existence comprised seventy-five post-offices

rates.

comparatively small scale.

and carried on 1,875 miles of post routes.

effected gradually between

1845 and 1855,

the precious metals the United States was

The revenue was $37,935, and the expenditures

the rates on books and other printed matter

dependent upon the mines of gold in Virginia,

$32,140, of which $22,081 was paid for trans­

were, for the first time, made less than those on

the Carolinas, and Georgia, with the small

portation of mails, and $8,198 for salaries of

letters.

amount imported.

postmasters.

The postal revenue was, on an

by an immense extension of postal routes

California and Australia, when the supply of

average, barely one cent for each man, woman

in sparsely settled sections of the country,

gold in the world was, relatively to that at

and child of the population— presenting a

especially

present, extremely limited, its purchasing power

marked

naturally

The department during the first year of

contrast

with

the

business

done

Besides the reduction in letter rates

The lowering of rates was followed

in

the South and West, which

resulted

in

a

deficit

each year.

the Atlantic, have joined the “ Postal Union.”

Prior

For a supply of

«

Prior to the discoveries in

was far greater, and proportionally less was
required for the transaction of business.

A t that date

This deficit grew larger year by year until the

the number of post-offices was 42,989; mail was

breaking out of the Civil W ar relieved the

Upon Plate 87 the result of the discovery of

carried over 343,888 miles of post routes; the

Government from the necessity of maintaining

gold in California in 1848 is boldly marked by

receipts were $33,315,479, and the expendi­

the unprofitable routes in the Southern States.

the lines of gold coinage, which, beginning to

tures $36,542,804, of which $22,255,984 was

This reduced

ascend in 1849, reach in 1851 a height indicat­

for transmission of mails and $7,701,418 for

to about the same amount as the receipts.

by the

department

in 1880.

salaries of postmasters.

the expenditures in 1863-4-5

A further lowering of the postal rate on

The receipts per capita

ing a coinage in that single year of over
$62,000,000.

decrease

The following table shows the ratio of the

of the routes in the Southern States, again

in succeeding years, followed by a second

revenue of the department to the population

increased the expenditures considerably above

maximum in 1861, nearly as great, indicating

of the country, expressed in cents per capita,

the receipts, a condition of things which has

the

at each decennial period:

continued to the present day.

Comstock lode.

D ecade .

R evenue per C a p it a .
C ents .

D ecade .

R evenue per C a p it a .
C ents .

that in but twelve states
service pay expenses.

1 .0

M

O

2 6 .6

18 0 0 .

5 -3

M
00
C
m
O

00

179 0 .

2 4 .0

.

7 .6

1820 .

I I ,S

18 30 .

1 4 .4

18 10

i

860.

does

the postal

These states, comprising

California . placers

is

in the

yield

A glance at the map upon Plate 86 shows

the

gradual

letters in 1863, with the resumption in 1865

of the population had increased to 66^ cents.

of

The

shown

enormous production of gold from the
The maxima in 1873 and in

1878 indicate the opening of bonanzas upon
the Comstock, and the production from vein
and hydraulic mining in California.
The coinage of silver, too, was small in

tion of Vermont, and only Illinois, Michigan

amount, and dependent mainly upon imports

and

of that metal until the discovery of the Com­

2 7 .1

d

M

00

the whole North Atlantic group, with the excep­

18 8 0 .

6 6 .4

Wisconsin,

of

the

Northern

Central

5 1-*

group, pay a profit to the General Government

stock lode in 1859.

on

their postal service, while in the other

supply of silver which this and other mines

thirty-five states and territories the service is

supplied, but little found its way to the mint.

the rates of postage upon letters from the time

carried on at a loss.

This loss is propor­

Indeed, it is only in very recent years, since

of the establishment of the present department

tionally greatest in the territories and in the

the adoption of the bi-metallic standard, that

up to 1880.

Western and Pacific states.

the

The leading diagram upon Plate 86 shows

Prior to 1845 these rates, which

coinage

of

Even with the enormous

silver

has

assumed great

F IN A N C E A N D
proportions,
Nevada

the

mines

of

Colorado

and

furnishing the greater part of the

supply of that metal.

COMMERCE.

Ixxix

the yearly dividends during this long existence

the reappearance of financial prosperity, in

having

1820, the bank acquired stability and the stock

averaged

very

nearly

eleven

per

cent.

soon commanded a premium.

In spite of its

prosperity President Jackson waged a deadly

The following table taken from the report of

The Massachusetts Bank, the first strictly

the director of the mint for 1880, shows the

local institution of this kind, was chartered by

warfare against it.

weight in grains of the different coins current

the legislature in 1784, with a capital of $300,000.

granting a renewal of its charter, and in the

at that time in the country:

This also has had remarkable success, having

following year removed the public moneys

passed, during the eighty years of its existence

from it and deposited them in state banks.

as a state bank, but two dividends.

The state banks, among which the public

C oin .

W eig ht .
(G r ain s .)

L egal T ender .

Gold.
Double E a g le .......................
E a g le ......................................
H alf E a g le .............................
Three Dollar Piece...............
Quarter E a g le ........................
One Dollar P iece.................

In all amounts.

516.00
258.00
129.00
77.40
64.50
25.80

It became

a national bank in 1864, and is still prosperous.

moneys were

In 1832 he vetoed a bill

distributed

in

1833, at once

66

u
u
u

Silver.

first Bank of the United States was chartered in

by other banks, so that the volume of circulating

1791, and for twenty years was the fiscal agent

notes

$149,000,000 in 1837.

The capital of this bank

rose

from

$61,000,000

in

1830

to

Then followed naturally

was $10,000,000, of which one-fifth was sub­

a general crash, led by the great Bank of the

scribed by the Government.

One-fourth of all

United States, which, upon the termination of

96.45
38.58

private subscriptions were paid in gold or silver,

its charter from the General Government, had

the balance in United States stocks bearing 6

been re-chartered by the state of Pennsylvania.

77-i 6

per cent, interest. This bank was ably managed,

From the resulting depression, however, the

and was highlv successful.

banking interest recovered rapidly, and in 1843

Copper and Nickel.
Not above 25 cents.
66

30.00

f

Bronze.
16

One Cent Piece.....................

expanded their issues of paper currency, followed

420.00
412.50
192.90

Trade Dollar.........................
Not a legal tender.
Dollar........ .......................... In all amounts not
H alf D o llar............................
above $10.00.
66
Quarter D ollar.....................
66
D im e .......................................
Five Cent P iece...................
Three Cent P ie ce .................

After strenuous opposition in Congress the

of the Government.

66

48.00

realized

upon

The Government

its interest a net profit of
The charter

Prior to the year 1838 legislation in regard

expired by limitation in 1811, and Congress, by

to banking had been confined to such provisions

The following table shows the amount of

a very close vote, decided not to renew it,

as might be incorporated in the charters of

specie in the country in the years named, as

in the belief that the state banks were able

individual

estimated by the director of the mint, the

to supply all

been enacted.

In that year, the State of New

amount per inhabitant and the ratio of specie in

Government,

York

an

circulation to wealth:

country.

A ll gold and silver coins consist of nine-

monetary requirements of the
and

of

the

business

of

the

Immediately after the expiration of

banks,

passed

banking system.

no

general

act

laws having

authorizing

the

free

This provided that banking

numbers.

stocks or mortgages, receive from the Comp-

$25,000,000

$1.90

.00058

no fewer than 120 new banks were chartered,

troller of the State

1840

88,000,000

5 - io

.00144

with a capital of $40,000,000.

circulating notes, and a state officer was charged

1850

134,000,000

5.80

.00188

Great Britain, which followed

i

860

280,000,000

8.90

.00173

proved that the confidence of Congress

159,000,000

4.10

.00053

1880

502,000,000

10.00

.00 115

00

R atio of
S pecie to W e a lt h .

0

associations should, upon the deposit of certain

A mount per
I nhabitan t .

00

its charter, state banks sprang up in great

S pecie .

O
o
0

tenths pure metal and one-tenth alloy.

$1,137,152, or nearly 52 per cent.

again stood on a firm basis.

M

The
s te a d ily

am oun t

o f

s p e c ie

in c r e a s e d ,

suspension

of

in

e x c e p tin g

specie

state banks was unfounded.

The war with
shortly after,
in

In 1814 all the

an

equal

with the supervision of banks.

amount of

This law, after

having been amended in many of its details,
was

found

to

work

admirably,

and

was,

state banks outside of New England suspended

subsequent to 1850, adopted in its essential

has

specie payments, and as about one hundred

features by a number

th e

of them, in the absence of a national bank,

disposed of most of the evils incident to the

a rate

had been used by the Government as deposit­

earlier system, or want of system, of state

This

aries, the loss and inconvenience were very-

banks.

c ir c u la tio n
d u r in g

payments, at

Between the years 1811 and 1815

considerably greater than population.

of other states.

It

increase has not, however, kept pace with the

great.

gain in wealth, the ratio of specie to valuation

paper currency, resulting in a great depre­

1863.

being less in 1880 than in i860, 1850 or 1840.

ciation of its value.

is required to deposit in the treasury a certain

On the other hand, the deficiency of specie is

thereby greatly

being

amount of United States bonds, to secure its

more than counterbalanced by the increased

negotiated only with the utmost difficulty and

circulation, which may be issued to an amount

amount of paper currency which has been in

by making large discounts.

equal to 90 per cent, of the face value of the

circulation since 1861.

Moreover, they poured out a flood of

This

The Government was

hampered,

experience

its

rendered

loans

possible

the

The national banking act was passed in

deposit.

Under it each banking organization

No banking organizations, other than

formation of the second Bank of the United

national banks, are allowed to issue circulating

first organized bank in the

States, which was chartered by Congress in

notes.

country, and also “ the first one that had any

1816. The charter was limited to twenty years.

being guaranteed by the General Government,

direct relation to the Government of the United

The

is independent of the financial condition of

States,” was

which was subscribed by the United States

B a n k s. — The

in

the Bank

Philadelphia,

of North America,

chartered by

Congress

in

capital was $35,000,000, $7,000,000 of

The circulation of the national banks

the bank which issued it.

individuals, one-fourth

The system commended itself at once to

December, 1781, and by the state of Penn­

being payable in coin and three-fourths in

the banking interest and the people generally,

sylvania in April, 1782.

the funded debt of the United States.

and was very rapidly adopted.

Its operation under

and

the balance by

The

its charter from the United States, and under

bank went into existence at the beginning

successive renewals of the charter from the

of

state, as well as since its reorganization, in 1864,

depression, and for two or three years had

tions remaining the same, the financial and

as a national bank, has been highly successful,

great difficulty in maintaining itself.

commercial prosperity of a nation is measured

1817, in the midst of a great financial
W ith

F o re ig n

C om m erce.— other

condi­

SCR IB N E R S STA TISTICA L ATLAS.

lxx x

by the amount of its foreign commerce and the

trifling in absolute amount, was

larger in

The export of wood and its manufactures

relative proportions of its exports and imports,

proportion to the population than at any

shows great variations during the decade, with

as they vary from year to year.

other time prior to i860.

a slight increase as the net result.

From the diagrams showing the extent of

The rate of increase

The principal market for surplus products

in foreign commerce has not been by any
means a uniform one.

to 1880, the industrial history of the United

wars and rumors of wars, business depressions

more than half of all exports.

States may be traced in general terms.

The

and short crops, all have affected it, and one

country little is sent besides breadstuff's, meat,

net imports, including coin and bullion, have

sees, accordingly, the amounts rising and falling

cotton and tobacco.

increased from $22,500*000 in 1790 to $741,-

alternately, but always with a marked tendency

is France, to which less than one-eighth of

500,000 in ninety years; and the exports from

toward increase.

all exports is sent.

$19,700,000 to $776,700,000 in the same period.

when freed from accidental variations, show a

also in supplying the imports, which, from

The

gain during each period.

them, consist mainly of manufactured goods.

increase of imports

has

been

nearly

3,300 per cent., and exports 3,950 per cent.

In

The

balance

Changes in the tariff,

is Great Britain, which country receives much

the nation’s foreign commerce, from its origin

The amounts of imports,

of

trade, including

T o the mother-

The next largest market
These two countries lead

mer­

the same time population has increased but

chandise, coin and bullion, has been against

1,278 per cent., and the wealth of the country

the United States during most of its history.

C a rry in g T ra d e o f th e U nited
States.— Nothing could illustrate in more

about 3,300 per cent., estimating the latter to

Indeed, prior to 1874 it was in favor of this

forcible terms the decadence of the American

have

country

carrying trade, than the diagrams upon Plate

been,

in

179o, about

$1,300,000,000.

during

only ten

out

of

seventy-

Since 1874, however, it has been

95.

Up to 1861 American bottoms carried two-

The following table shows the average imports

nine years.

and exports of ten-year periods, set opposite

continuously and very largely in this country’s

thirds or more of the foreign commerce of the

the middle year of each period, with the rates

favor.

country.

Since that date, which marked the

It is only since 1821 that merchandise has

opening of the Civil War, the larger proportion

been distinguished from coin and bullion in

of the foreign commerce has been carried in

exports and imports are given in millions and

the returns of imports and exports.

foreign bottoms.

tenths of millions of dollars:

that date the balance of trade, as regards

what is not so generally known, that this loss

merchandise alone, has been in favor of this

of the carrying trade was not purely a result

country for eighteen years, including those

of the war, but had been progressing gradually

between

ever since 1826.

of increase, and, for comparison, the rates of
increase of the population.

E x po rts .

I mports .
M iddle
D ate .

The amounts of

I ncrease .
I ncrease .
A mount . (P e r C ent .)
(P e r c e n t .)

I ncrease
of P opula ­
tio n .
(P er C ent .)

49*7

18 10

53*6

8

3 2 .6

18 2 0

7 0 .8

32

5 6 .8

74

77*9

37*4

and

1880

during
It has

years, and the total amount of imports has

about this decrease in the American carrying
trade.

15

34

exceeded the exports by nearly $800,000,000.

39

9 9 .2

52

33

Agricultural products form over four-fifths

1850

18 3 *4

70

175*8

77

36

i

860

2 7 9 .6

52

2 7 7 .9

58

35

4 8 9 .1

75

4 6 5 .2

67

7 4 i* 5

52

83 3*3

79

0

65*4

0

^4

The figures set opposite 1880 , relate to that year only.
indicates a decrease.

the process of decadence.

33

IO

18 8 0

The war merely hastened

Several causes have combined to bring

been

1 0 8 .0

18 4 0

Further, the diagrams show,

against this country during forty-two

36

-1 3

00

W

00

18 0 0

inclusive,

which it has been largely in its favor.

A mount .

1876

Since

The most obvious and important one

is the protection afforded by the tariff to

Manufactured products

the lumber and iron interests, whereby the

23

are exported to only a very limited extent.

prices of all, or nearly all, articles used in

3°

Indeed, with the exception of iron and steel,

shipbuilding, are made much higher than in

the value of exports of this class does not reach

the countries which compete with the United

one per cent, of all exports.

States

The minus sign

The imports and exports per capita of the

of the total exports.

The exportation

for the carrying trade.

Hence the

building of ships, whether of wood or iron,

nence only within two or three years.

The

costs more on this side of the water than

exports of breadstuff's have almost quadrupled

population, are given in the following table:

of living animals for food has acquired promi­

abroad, while the laws prohibit their importation.

during the past ten years, while those of iron

Investments in shipping in this country, there­

M iddle D a t e .

I m po rts ,
P e r C a pit a .

E x po rts ,
P er C a pit a .

18 0 0 .

8 9 .3 6

8 7 .0 4

and steel have diminished one-third, and those

fore, pay lower rates of interest than foreign

.

7 .4 0

4 *5 °

of mineral oil appear to be now diminishing,

shipping, the margin of profit being reduced

18 2 0 .

7*56

5*89

having reached a maximum in 1877, when the

to little or nothing.

18 3 0 .

6 .0 5

5 .0 8

export was valued at $57,715,354*

O f pro­

that on this side of the water capitalists are not

1840 .

6 .3 2

5 .8 0

18 50 .

7 .9 0

7 .5 8

this country is exporting a larger

content with the low rates of interest which

i

860.

8 .8 9

8 .8 4

amount each year, the value in 1880 being

satisfy the English investor; add, also, the

18 70 .

1 2 .6 8

1 2 .0 6

three times that spared from the surplus in

American navigation laws, which have aided

18 8 0 .

1 4 .7 8

1 6 .6 1

1871.

in the destruction of our merchant marine,

18 10

The figures set opposite 1880, relate to that year only.

visions

The export of tobacco, like that of

Add to this the fact

abundance

and there would seem to be ample reason

These tables show that the foreign com­

of the crop, and the value of the exportation

for the withdrawal of capital from this class

merce at the beginning of the century, while

shows wide oscillations during the decade.

of investments.

cotton, is dependent

upon

the

P

l a t e

i i s ^ s cE
Fn r n r i ]

70

commerce

TRUE VALUATION.

(Based on the Census Eetum s
of 1870 and 1880.)

True Valuation, per Capita,
True Valuation, per Capita, by States, 1850.

Total Valuation, by States, 1850.
Rn
ak

S te
ta

35
3
4
3
3
3
2
3
1
3
0
2
9
28
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
1
9
1
8
1
7
1
6
1
5
1
4
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

U ta h ..

Oreg. .
N .M e x
D . C . ..

D el.. .
Cal. ...
Fla---Iowa ..
Ark.. .
Wis—
Tex.. .
Mich. .
R.I... .
V t----N.H. ..
Me. ...
Mo. ...
Conn..
Ill......
N.J...*
Tenn..
Ind.—
Md. ...
N.C.. .
Ala---Miss...
La......
S.C .-K y ... .
Ga---V a ... .
Ohio ..
Mass. .
Pa......
N .Y - .

V ation
alu
$

986,083
5,063,474
5,174,471
14,018,874
21,062,556
22,161,872
22,862,270
23,714,638
39,841,025
42.056,595
52,740,473
59,787,255
80,508,794
92,205,049
103,652,835
122,777,571
137,247,707
155,707,980
156,265,006
200,000,000
201,246,686
202,650,264
219,217,364
226,800,472
228,204,332
228.951,130
233,998,764
288,257,694
301,628,456
335,425,714
430,701,082
504,726,120
573,342,286
722,486,120
1,080,309,216

SCALE:

$350,000,000

D .C .

Fla. .
Ga...
1 1 ..
1.
Ind...
Iowa
Ky..
$500,000,000 L a ..
Me. .
Md..
Mass.
Mich.
Miss.

8
tate

V ation
alu

38 U t a h . . $ 5,596,118
3 W a s h ..
8
5,601,466
3 Nebr. .
7
9,131,056
36 N . M e x ' 20,813,768
3 Oreg. .
5
28,930,637
3 Kans.. 31,327,895
4
3 D .C . ..
3
41,084,945
3 Del—
2
46,242,181
3 Minn.. 62,294,413
1
3 Fla.. ..
0
73,101,500
29 Vt...... 122,477,170
2 R .I .... 135,337,588
8
2 N.H. .. 156,310,860
7
2 Me.. .. 190,211,600
6
25 Cal.. .. 207,874,613
2 Ark. .. 219,256,473
4
2 Iowa .. 247,338,265
3
22 Mich. . 257,163,983
2 Wis--- 273,671,668
1
20 N.C. .. 358,739,399
1 T e x - . 365,200,614
9
1 Md. ... 376,919,944
8
1 Conn. . 444,274,114
7
1 N.J--- 467,918,324
6
1 Tenn.. 493,903,892
5
1 Ala. . . 495,237,078
4
1 Mo. ... 501,214,398
3
1 Ind.... 528,835,371
2
1 S.C— - 548,138,754
1
1 Xa____ 602,118,568
0
y Miss. .. 607,324,911
8 G a ---- 645,895,237
7 Ky. . .. 666,043,112
6 Va..... 793,249,681
5 Mass. . 815,237,433
Ill......
3 Ohio .. 1,193,898,422
2 Pa...... 1,416,501,818
1 N.Y.. . 1,843,338,517

Rn S
a k tate

.11 Mo.. .19
.27 N.H. .21
.30 N.J... .16
.18 N . M e x 33
.31 N.Y.
1
.32 N.C. .12
.29 Ohio . 4
.34
.17 Pa,...
.14 R.I. . .23
.28 S.C.-- 8
. 71Tenn. .15
. 9 Tex.. .25
.20 U ta h . 3
5
.13 Vt. . .22
. 3,Va--- . 5
.24 Wis.. .26
-iol

35
3
4
33
32
3
1
3
0
29
2
8
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
20
1
9
1
8
1
7
1
6
1
5
1
4
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2

$'750,000,000

$ 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

N .M e x
U ta h ..

Iowa ..
Mich. .
Ill......
Ark.. .
Tenn. .
Mo___
Ind....
Me. ...
Del. . .
Cal. ...
Tex.. .
Ohio ..
N.C.. .
Fla.. ..
D .C . ..
Vt____
A la....
Va----K y ... .
Pa......
N.II. ..
N.Y.. .
Ga---Md___

Oreg. .
N.J--Conn. .
S.C....
La......
R.I... .
1 Mass. .

$1,250,000,000

Total Valuation, by States, 1860.
Rn
ak

Ala. .
Ark.
Cal...
Conn.
Del..

scale:

$100

$ 84 07
86 65
123 38
137 72
1 0 35
5
183 52
189 8
1
200 7
0
201 23
206 03
210 5
4
230 1
1
239 3
4
248 08
254 8
7
260 9
8
214
6 5
271 2
3
293 53
295 7
5
302 9
6
307 03
312 52
325 98
348 7
8
370 1
5
375 99
377 48
380 88
408 5
3
419 9
3
4 1 20
3
4 1 94
5
545 66
576 50

y — g--? INDEX.
6Mo....
Ala... 1
1
Ark.. .2 ) N.H. .12
Cal.. Z\ N.J.. . 6
Conn. . 5 N . M e x 35
Del. . .24 N.Y.. .11
IHN .C .. .20
D .C .
9
Fla... 1 Ohio .21
Ga.... 1 Oreg. . 7
0
111... .30 Pa. .. .13
Ind... .26 R .I.—. 2
Iowa. .33£.C. . . 4
Ky.... .14 Tenn. .28
La. ... 3 Tex.. .22
Me... .25 U t a h . .34
Md... 9 V t ... .17
Mass. . 1 Va.... .15
Mich. 3 Wis.. .32
1
Miss. . 8

KEY
Under $200 per_Capita..
under $300 »...
..

$600

Rn
ak

S te
ta

39
3
8
3
7
36
3
5
3
4
33
32
3
1
30
29
28
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
23
2
2
2
1
20
1
9
1
8
1
7
1
6
1
5
1
4
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Ala... .14 Mo.. .13
Ark.. .24 Nebr. .37
Cal... .25 N.H. .27
Conn. .17 N.J... .16
$250,000,000
Del... .32 N . M e x 36
D .C . .33 N.Y. . 1
Fla... .30 N.C— .20
. 8 Ohio . 3
1 1 ... . 4 Oreg. .36
1.
Ind.. .12 Pa. . . 2
Iowa .23 R.I. . .28
.34 S.C.. .11
$500,000,000 Ky. .. 7Tenn. .15
La. .. .10 Tex- .19
6
Me. . 2 U t a h . .39
Md... .18 Vt. . .29
Mass. . 5 Va. .. . 6
8
.22 I\U8h 3
Minn. 3 Wis.. .21
1
Miss. . 9

U ta h ..
N .M e x

SCALE:

$750,000,000

1000 , 000,000
,
$1,250,000,000

1

Kans..
M e- ..
Minn..
Nebr. .
Mich. .
Wis--N.C. ..
Iowa ..
V t......
In d -D e l..Mo. ...
Tenn..
N.Y.. .
N.H. ..
W a s h ..

Pa......
h

r

11
1 ......
Ohio ..
Ala. . .
Fla- ..
Cal- ..
D .C . ..
Md. ...
K y .. . .
Tex- .
Ga---Mass. .
N.J—
Miss...
R .I ....
S.C— .
La____
Conn. .

Total Valuation, by States, 1870.
Rn
ak
4
7
46
45
4
4
43
42
4
1
40
39
38
3
7
36
35
3
4
33
32
3
1
30
2
9
2
8
2
7
2
6
2
5
24
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
1
9
1
8
1
7
1
6
1
5
1
4
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
' 1

S te
ta

/,— 0 2 INDEX.

V lu tion
a a

$ 3,440,791
5,599,752
6,552,681
7,016,748
13,562,164
15,184,522
16,159,995
20,243,303
31,131,012
N .M e x
31,349,793
44,163,655
F la- ..
51,558,932
Ore.?-69,277,483
Nebr. .
97,180,833
Del.—
126,873,618
D .C . 156,394,691
Ark—
T e x .. . 159,052,542
Kans. . 188,892,014
190,651,491
W.Va.
201,855,841
S.C. . . 208,146,989
Miss—. 209,197,345
Minn. . 228,909,590
Vt. . - 235,349,553
N .H ... 252,624,112
N.C.. . 260,757,244
Ga----- 268,169,207
R.I.— 296,965,646
La____ 323.125,666
Me. ... 348,155,671
Va---- 409,588,133
Tenn.. 498,237,724
K y - - 604,318,552
Cal- .. 638,767,017
Md.. - 643,748,976
Wis. .. 702,307,329
Iowa .. 717,644,750
Mich. . 719,208,118
Conn. - 774,631,524
N .J .-. 940,976,064
Ind.... 1,268,180,543
Mo- .. 1,284,922,897
Jll...... 2,121,680,579
Mass. . 2,132,148,741
Ohio .. 2,235,430,300
Pa..... 3,808,340,112
N.Y.- . 6.500,841,264
A r iz ...
D a k ...
Id a . . .
W y o ...
W a s h ..
M o n t..
U ta h ..

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
31
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20

19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

9
6

$,0 0 0 ,0 0
J 0 ,0 0 0

5
4
3
2

1

and over,

True Valuation, per Capita,

$138 9
5
222 57
292 22
302 7
5
304 00
316 6
0
343 2
9
352 7
2
361 4
1
366 4
7
388 70
391 6
1
424 03
445 0
4
475 00
479 37
483 13
487 4
0
496 92
503 52
509 28
510 32
513 62
520 58
547 05
547 22
548 6
1
5 1 43
5
576 32
604 4
2
610 9
0
662 22
696 2
7
767 5
0
775 0
4
778 9
3
850 4
5
965 5
0

Under $200 per Capita .
$200 and under $300 » —
.*

Per

Total Valuation, by States, 1880.
Rn S
a k tate

>— s c INDEX.

V ation
alu

47 I d a ___ $ 12,000,000
46 W y o . . .
20,000,000
23,000,000
45 A r i z . . .
4 M o n t..
4
29,000,000
43 N . M e x
30,000,000
48,000,000
42 W a s h ..
67,000,000
4 U ta h ..
1
68,000,000
40 D a k . . .
69,000,000
39 Nev—
95,000,000
38 Fla....
126,000,000
3
7
138,000,000
36 D el....
35 Dolo... 149,000,000
34 D . C . . . 223,000,000
33 Ark. .. 246,000,000
32 Vt----- 289,000,000
3 Nebr. . 290,000,000
1
30 S.C. - - 296,000,000
307,000,000
29 W.Va.
2 Miss... 324,000,000
8
2 N .H ... 328,000,000
7
378,000,000
26 Ala—
2 R.I. . . 420,000,000
5
2 La----- 422,000,000
4
446,000,000
23 N.C—
22 Me. ... 501,000,000
554,000,000
2 Ga._
1
_
2 Kans.. 575,000,000
0
1 Minn.. 638,000,000
9
1 Tenn.. 666,000,000
8
1 Va. ... 693,000,000
7
1 Tex. .. 725,000,000
6
1 Conn.. 852,000,000
5
1 M d.... 869,000,000
4
1 Ky. — 880,000,000
3
1 Wis. .. 969,000,000
2
1 Mich. . 1,370,000,000
1
1 Iow a.. 1,415,000.000
0
9 Cal. — 1,430,000,000
8 N.J— 1,433.000.000
7 Ind.— 1,499,000,000
6 Mo. ... 1,530.000,000
5 Mass. . 2.795,000.000
4 Ill...... 3,092.000,000
3 Ohio .. 3.301.000,000
2 Pa----- 5,393.000.000
1 N.Y. - 7,619,000,000

$ O O 0 ,0 0
jl, O ,0 0 0

N.C—
Fla___
Ga.....
Id a —
Tenn..
La-----

scale:

$100

$200

KEY
Under $200 per Capita
under $3C ,
0
$400 .

$800 :
$ 1,000 »

H ,00 and over,
0

$ 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

|1 I

|

I

$ ,0 00 0 0
6 0 0 ,0 0
1
I*"’!

$6,000 0 0 0 ,OC

Va.....
U t a h ..
W.Va.
D a k . ..
K y .. . .
A r iz . „
Kans..
W a s h ..

Nebr. .
M o------

Oreg...
W is - M o n t..

Ind---M e .- .

Minn..
Mich. .
V t----Md... .
D el....
N .H - .
W y o ...

Ill......

N ev...
D .C .. .

Pa.....
N.J—
Conn. .
N .Y — .
R . I -----

Mass. .
Cal- -

bv Sts

Per Capita
$ 250 91
286 32
297 32
306
318
352
359
367
431
448
455
458
465
496
503
533
568
577
639
641
705
720
736
740
757
766
772
817
836
869
870
929
941
945
962
1,004
1,032
1,108
1,255
1,259
1,266
1,368
1,498
1,518
1,567
1,653

....

True Valuation, per Capita,

True Valuation,

N .M e x

$1,000•
•

$1,000 and over,

True Valuation, per Capita, by States, 1880

Miss...
S.C. . .
Ala----

$800 .....

»

I 1 1 I1

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
6
4
3
2
1

$600 .. -

..

[1
1

State

$400 ......

..

000,000

Hank

$800 »....
$ 1,000 .

Per
C
apita

C
apita
U tah.. $ 186 21
194 30
202 46
Ga----- 226 47
235 23
Fla.. N.C.. . 243 39
Miss- . 252 68
294 99
S .C . . .
322 82
Va----- 334 31
341 23
N.Mex
356 26
Ariz. ..
394 88
395 89
431 32
W.Va.
436 87
I d a .. .
La----- 444 52
457 47
Ky---Colo—. 507 81
Kans. .
Minn.. 520 60
555 35
Me. . Nebr. . 563 26
Wash..
566 15
Oreg... 567 06
Iowa — 601 03
Mich. . 607 41
665 90
Wis. Vt----- 711 99
732 72
Nev—
Mont. .
737 29
Mo- .. 746 49
Ind. ... 754 58
769 55
Who. ..
D e l.777 35
N.H.. .
793 67
Md- .. 824 37
835 34
...........
Ohio .. 838 73
963 35
D.C. ..
N.J---- 1,038 49
P a .........
Cal.. .. 1,140 15
R.I—- 1,366 28
Conn. . 1,441 30
Mass. . 1,463 03
N.Y- . 1,483 28

8
7

State

$600

„

True Valuation, per Capita, by States, 1870.

R
ank

$400 «...

„

$ 5 00

True Valuation, per Capita, by States

«IN D E X .

$

Per

Cp
a ita

53
63
51
23
99
81
96
47
16
40
40
04
76
74
25
01
02
60
96
60
57
72
75
03
14
93
73
98
47
29
27
05
59
19
15
46
20
89
24
96
82
51
76

$7 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

CO PYRIG H T, 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

1

I ’ D - . S C EZ E S T I D
FH T AH r IA -

C O Z M Z IM IZ m Z R O IE

P

l a t e

71

(Based on the Census Keturfis

T R U E V A L U A T I O N . — Continued.

of 1870 and 1880.)

Retrospect by States.
INDEX.
1870

1860

185 0

1880

Ala. . .26 Mo_ 6
_
Ark. . .33 Mont. .44
Ariz. ..45 Nebr. .31
Cal... . 9 Nev--- 39
Colo. ..35 N.H. ..27
Conn .15 N .J.... 8
Dak. ..40 N.Mex 43
Del. ..36 N.Y. . 1
D.C. ..34 N.C--- 23
Fla. . 38 Ohio .. 3
Ga...... 21 Oreg. .37
I d a . . . . 47 Pa....... 2
111----- 4 R.I. . .25
Ind. . . 7 S.C... .30
Iowa ..10 Tenn. .18
Kans. .20 Tex. ..16
Ky. ...13 U tah..41
La.......24 Vt.......32
Me. ...22 Va...... 17
Md... -14 W a s h ..42
Mass. . 5 W.Va. 29
Mich. .11 W is.. .12
Minn. .19 Wyo... 46
Miss. -.28

SCALE:
£

$

5,174,471

$

' ‘ 986,083

20,813,768
5,601,466
5,596,118

22,862,270
5,063,474
21,062,556

73,101,500
28,930,637
46,242,181

14,018,874
39,841,025
92,205,049

6,552,681
7,016,748
3,440,791
15,184,522
31,349,793
13,562,164
16,159,995
5,599,752
31,134,012
44,163,655
51,558,932
97,180,833
20,243,303
126,873,618
156,394,691
235,349,553
69,277,483
208,146,989
190,651,491
209,197,345
252,624,112
201,855,841
296,965,646
323,125,666
260,757,244
348,155,671
268,169,207
188,892,014
228,909,590
498,237,724
409,588,133
159,052,542
774,631,524
643,748,976
604,318,552
702,307,329
719,208,118
717,644,750
638,767,017
940,976,064
1,268,180,543
1,284,922,897
2,132,148,741
2,121,680,579
2,235,430,300
3,808,340,112
6,500,841,264

41,084,945
219,256,473
122,477,170
9,131,056
548,138,754

288,257,694

607,324,911
156,310,860
495,237,078
135,337,588
602,118,568

228,951,130
103,652,835
228,204,332
80,508,794
233,998,764
226,800,472
122,777,571
335,425,714

190,211,600
645,895,237
31,327,895
52,294,413
493,903,892
793,249,681
365,200,614
444,274,114
376,919,944
666,043,112
273,671,668
257,163,983
247,338,265
207,874,613
467,918,324
528,835,371
501,214,398
815,237,433
871,860,282
1,193,898,422
1,416,501,818
1,843,338,517

201,246,686
430,701,082
52,740,473
155,707,980
219,217,364
301,628,456
42,056,595
59,787,255
23,714,638
22,161,872

200, 000,000

202,650,264
137,247,707
573,342,286
156,265,1
504,726,!
722,486,120
1,080,309,216

$ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Ida . . .
Wyo...
A riz...
M ont..
N.Mex
Wash..
Utah..
D a k ...

$ 1 , 000,000,000
$ 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$2 ,000 ,000,000

Nev.. .
Fla.. . .
Oreg...
D el....
Colo...
D.C. Ark....
Vt----Nebr. .
S.C . . .
W.Va.
Miss...
N.H.-.
A la....
R.I---La----N.C—
..
M e ....
Ga.......
Kans..
Minn..
Tenn..
Va......
Tex....
Conn..
Md......

$2,50 0,000,00 0
$ 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 / 0 0 0
$ 3 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 4 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 5,00 0,000,00 0
$ 5 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 '

$ 6 , 000 ,000,000
$ 6 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

^ .
is..::
Mich.

$ 7 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Iowa ..
C al....
N.J--Ind---Mo.. . .
Mass. .
Ill.......
Ohio ..
Pa.......
N.Y.- .

$7,500,000,000

Retrospect by A ggre gate s, (Estimated.)
* 10,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

8 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$40 ,0 00,000 ,0 00

$30 ,0 00,000 ,0 00

$ 2 0 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Valuation

Year

1800 $ 1,742,000,000
2.382.000.
1810
3.734.000.
1820
4.328.000.
1830
6.124.000.
1840
7,135,780,228
1850
1860 16,159,616,068
1870 30,068,518,507
1880 43,642,000,000

000
000
000
000

Retrospect by Ratios of Increase, (Estimated,)
Per Cent
Decade

Pop.

1800-1810
1810—1820
1820-1830
1830—1840
1840-1850
1850-1860
1860—1870
1870-1880

SCALE:
5*

Valu.

36
33
34
33
36
36
23
30

2?
5

15?

10?

110?

1800

1810

1820

1830

1840

1S50 I860

1870

1880

Expense*
Bank
Net
Bank
Cenaus of Govern­ Capital Circulat’n Import*
ment
31.3
50.0
137.2
145.2
358.4
217.3
421.9
630.0
660.5

10.5
25.0
44.9
61.3
107.0
131.4
207.1
294.0
343.8

49.7
53.6
70.8
77.9
108.0
183.4
279.6
489.1
741.5

Dome*tic Cuitnm*
Export* Duties
37.4
32.6
56.8
65.4
99.2
175.8
277.9
465.2
833.3

8.7
10.7
19.0
23.1

tf=

$ 7 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Net Imports

*70 0,000,00 0

2.2
1
41.3

No.

57.1
171.5
182.8

Banking Capital
$ 6 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 5 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

* 5 0 0,000,00 0

5 4 5 0 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0

* 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 3 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Bank Circulation

*30 0,000,00 0

Expenses ot Gov't
$ 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

* [2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Customs Duties

$ 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

* 100,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Net Imports
$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Domestic Exports
Banking Capital
Bank Circulation
Expenses of Gov’t
Customs Duties

$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

State

1860

1850

~T Mass.. 8

4

5
6
7

*600,000,000

* 2 0 0 ,000,000

130?

Domestic Exports

2

19.3
24.6
24.3
40.9
63.2
293.6
264.9

125?

R E T R O S P E C T P E R C A P I T A - 1 8 5 0 to 1880.

$80 0,000,00 0

$80 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

1.8
0
13.6

120?

16

General Retrospect, (Estimated,)

1800
1810
1820
1830
1340
1850
1860
1870
1880

115?

8

1
2
3
4
_5

_ 1 Mass. .$576
_ 2 K.1.........545
R.
I _____
_ 3 La_____431
L a ._
_
_ 4 S.C........451
S. C_
_
—5 Conn. . .419 l
Conn. .
_ 6 N .J____408
N .J ___
- 7 Oreg. . .380
Oreg. -_ 8 M is s ....377
Miss.—

9 M d___

„9
10 G a ------ __ 10
.11
11 N .Y — .
_
12 N .H __ _ 12
13 P a -----13
14 I iy ------ __ 14
15 V a ___ __ 15
Iff A l a . ---- -16
1 V t........ -17
7
18 D . C . - .
-18
19 F l a . __
-19
20 N.C___
20
21 O h io.-. — 21
22 T ex .__ — 22
23 C al___ — 23
24 D e l... .
24
25 M e___ — 25
26 I n d .__ ___ 26
27 M o___
27
28
28 Tenn. ..
29 A r k _
_
29
30 111 ____
30
31 Mich. 31
32 Wis----32
33 Io w a . .
33
34 U t a h _. — 34
35 N . M e x .
35
36 W a s h . .
37 Nebr.-.
38 Minn. .
39 K a n s ..
40 W y o . - .
41 M o n t . - 42 N ev.__
43 C o lo ...
44 I d a . __
45 W .V a ..
46 D a l e . . . .
47 A r is . - -

Md........ 375
Ga......... 370
N.Y___ 348
N .II.-..3 2 5
Pa_____ 312
ICy......... 307
Va..........302
A la........295
V t..........293
D . C . . . .271
Fla........ 261
N.C___ 260
Ohio___254
Tex___ 248
Cal........ 239
Del........230
Me.........210
Ind____ 205
Mo........ 201
Tenn. ..2 0 0
A rk___ 189
111.......... 183
Mich. ..1 5 0
W is___ 137
Iowa_ 123
_
U
N

-

86

e x ..

84

t a h - .
.M

_6

7
-8

_9
10
11
12

V
M

X

.

13
14
15
_16
17
18
19
21
_22
.23
24
26
27
28
29
30
31
. 32
33
.3 4
35
36
.3 7
38
39

Conn. .$965
La......... 850
S.C........778
E.I____ 775
Miss. _ .767
N .J____696
Mass. ..6 6 2
Ga____ 610
T ex.___604
K y____ 576
Oreg. . .551
Md____ 548
. C . . . .547
Cal____ 547
Fla........ 520
Ala____513
O hio.. .510
111........ .509
A rk___ 503
V a____ 496
Pa......... 487
W a s h . .483
N.H___ 479
N.Y___ 475
Tenn. ..445
Mo........ 424
Del........412
Ind. . . 1..3 9 1
V t_____388
Iowa_ 366
_
N.C___ 361
W is___ 352
Mich. ..3 4 3
Nebr. - 8 1 6
Minn. ..3 0 4
Me____ 302
Kans. ..292
N . M e x . .222
U t a h . . .138
D

CO PYRIGH T, 1683, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

1880

1870

93
04
27
22.

1
2
3
4
5
6

7
8

32
61
22
05
58
62
32
28
52
92
40
13
37
00
03
08
61
70
47
41
72.
29
60
00
75
22
57
95_.

.9
10
.1 1
12
13
_14
.1 5
16
17
18
.1 9
.2 0
21
22
.2 3
24
25
.2 6
27
.2 8
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
.40
.4 1
.4 2
_43
44
45
46
47

N .Y ...$1,483 2;
Mass. . .1,463 03
Conn. ..1 ,4 4 1 3!
R.I____ 1,366 28
Cal........ 1,140 15
Pa_____1,081 3i
N .J____1,038 49
D
. C . . . .
963 35
O hio.. . 838 7i
111.......... 835
Md____ 824 3'
N.H___ 793 6 ’
Del____ .777 3i
W
y o .—
769 55
Ind........ 754 51
Mo......... 746 4!
M o n t. ..
737 2!
Nev___ 732 7!
V t_____ 711 9!
W is___ 665 9
M ich.. . 607 4:
Iowa_ 601 01
_
Oreg. . . 567 01
W
a s h .. .
566 1.
Nebr. . . 563 2i
Me____ 555 3J
Minn. . 520 61
Kans, . . 518 3'
Colo___ 507 81.
K y . . . . . 457 4'
La_____ 444 5i
I d a ........
436 8'
W .V a. . 431 32
Tenn. . . 395 8!
D a k ___
394
A r i z .. ..
356 21
N .M e x ..
341 2i
Va......... 334 3:
A rk___ 322 8i
S.C........ 294 9!
Miss—
252 6 :
N.C___ 243 39
Fla........ 235
Ga......... 226 4 ’
Ala........ 202
Tex___ 194
U t a h . . .
186

1
2
3
4
5
6

7
8

9
10
11
2
3
4
15
6

7
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
19
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
47

Cal— $1,653
Mass.. .1,567
Ii.I........ 1.518
N.Y___ 1,498
Conn. ..1,3 6 8
N .J____1,266
Pa____ 1,259
D . C . . ..1 ,2 5 5
N e v .... 1,108
Ohio.. .1.032
111_____ 1,004
W y o ___
962
N.H___ 945
Del........ 941
Md......... 929
Iowa.. . 870
V t.......... 869
M ich.. . 836
Minn. . . 817
Me......... 772
Colo—
766
Ind........ 757
M o n t .. .
740
W is___ 736
Oreg. . . 720
Mo......... 705
Nebr.. . 641
W
a s h .. .
639
Kans. _ . 577
A r i z .. ..
568
K y ........ 533
D a k ___
503
W .V a. . 496
U t a h . . .
465
Va___ _ 458
Tex___ 455
La_____ 448
Tenn.. . 431
I d a ........
367
Ga......... 359
Fla........ 352
N.C___ 318
Ark___ 306
Ala........ 299
S.C........ 297
Miss___ 286
N .M e x ..
250

76
51
82
96
24
89
20
46
15
19
59
05
27
29
47
98
73
93
14
03
75
72
57
60
96
60
02
01
25
74
76
04
40
40
16
47
96
81
99
23
51
63
53
40
32
32
91

P l a t e 72

Z F U C s T -A -U S T O IE ]

A D S T D

C

O

M

COPYRIGHT, J883, B Y C H R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S S O N S .

M

E

R

C

E

P l a t e 72

P late 73

Z E S T I N '-A -I C s T O I E

_ A _ H X riD

P late 73

O O IM Z H V L E Z E tC IE

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

%

P late 74

Z F IU S T ^ .IN -C IE i

^ .I S T J D

O O

P late 74

H U E 3 Y C IE I R C I E

|

(

)

(
No taxation reported_____

Under $2 per Capita______

$2 and under $4 per Capita

i

(
$4

a

$6

a

a

$6

a

a

$8

,,

, _

$8

,,

„

$ 10

„

„

$10

>

it

_

a

a

$ 12

a

a

l

(
_

$12 and over, per Capita.__
Total Taxation, by States, 1880.

>

Rank

7

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

State.

Amount.

$ 126,942
195,887
230,228
293,036
383,947
435,238
478,066
505,417
604,257
Del. ..
605,180
Fla. ..
871,673
N e v ...
O reg.. 1,113,942
1,469,254
D .C . . .
1,745,111
V t_
_
A r k ... 1,839,090
S.C. .. 1,839,98a
N.C. .. 1,916,132
W. Va. 2,056,979
Ala. .. 2,061,978
Colo. . 2,152,008
Miss. . 2,384,475
2,692,715
R . I ----N.H ... 2,697,640
Tenn.. 2,788,781
N ebr.. 2,792,480
Ga.. .. 3,207,008
M inn.. 4,346,300
La---- 4,395,876
T e x .. . 4,568,716
V a . . . . 4,642,202
Kans.. 4,979,650
M e.. . 5,182,135
Ky. . . 5,201,017
Conn.. 5,365,739
Md..._ 5,437,462
Wis. .. 7,588,325
M ich.. 8.627,949
N.J. .. 8,958,065
Mo.. . . 10,269,736
Iowa . 11,061,605
Ind. .. 12,343,630
Cal. .. 12,628,005
M ass.. 24,326,877
Ill....... 24,586,018
Ohio.. 26,756,668
Pa. . . . 28,604,334
N .Y ... 56,392,975
N . M ex
I d a . ..
W yo. .
A r iz . .
M on t. .
U ta h ..
D a k ...
W a s h .-

Per
Rank State. Capita.

Ala. -

SCALE]

.43
Nebr. .23
A rk ..
Cal. .
Nev.--37
Colo. 28 N.H.. .25
Conn. .14 N.J. ..10
D a k . . .41 N . M e x 47
Del. . -3 9 N .Y ... 1
D . O . . -35N .C .-.31
Ohio.. 3
Fla. .
O r e g . .36
Ga__
Ida. _
P a .. . . 2
111. —
JELL— 26
Ind. .
S.C. -.32
Tenn.,24
Iowa.
Kans.
Tex. ..19
K y ...
U t a h . . 42
Vt. ...34
La. ...
M e....
V a ---- 18
M d...
W a s h . - 40
Mass.
W.Ya.30
Mich.
Wis. ..12
Minn.
W y o . .45
Miss.
A r iz .

$ 2 ,000,000

§4,000,000
$ 6, 000,000
$8,000,000
* 10 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 12,000,000

$14,000,000
$16,000,000
$18,000,000
*

2 0 , 000 ,0 00
$ 22,000,000

$24,000,000
§28,000,000
*30 ,0 00,000

M on t.

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23

$82,000,000
$34,000,000
$36,000,000
*40 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$42,000,000
$44,000,000
$46,000,000
$48,000,000
*50,000,000
$52,000,000
$54,000,000
$56,000,000
58
Pa.

Indian Reservations.______

06
1 37
Ala. -. 1 63
Tenn.. 1 81
S.C. .. 1 85
Ga_
_ 2 08
N . M ex

N.C. ..

Miss. .
Fla. ..
A rk ...
T e x ...
U tah..

V a .--.

K y ....

W. Va.
D ak.. .

Del. ..
La. . . .
M o.—
Kans..

v t ....

M ich..
Minn..
Wis. .
M d....
I d a . ..
Nebr..
Ind. ..
O reg..
Pa. . . .

$1

(
Unsettled Parts....................

2 11

2 25
2 29
2 87
3 02
3 07
3 15
3 33
3 54
4 12
4 68
4 74
5 00
5 25
5 27
5 57
5 77
5 82

Ala. ..45 M o - -.30
A r i z . .16 M o n t . . 7
Ark. ..39 Nebr.. 22
Cal. .. 1 N e v... 2
Colo. . 5 N .H...15
Conn.. 9 N.J. ..14
D a k . ..33 N . M e x 4 1
Del. ..32 N .Y ... 4
D . C . ..10 N .C ...40
Fla. ..40 O hio..11
Ga.. ..42 Oreg. .20
I d a . . . S 3 Pa. ...19
111----- 13 R.I__8
Ind. ..21 S.C. ..43
Iow a .17 Tenn..44
Kans.. 29 Tex. ..38
K y— 35 U t a h . . 37
La. ...31 V t... .28
Me.... 12 Va. ...36
Md. ..24 W a s h . - 18
Mass.. 3 W. Va. 34
Mich.. 27 Wis. - .25
Minn.. 26 W y o . . 6
Miss. .41

!■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

6 01
22
6 17
21
6 24
20
6 37
19
6 68
18 Wash.- 6 73
17 Iow a . 6 81

16 A r i z . . 7 25
15 N.H... 7 77
14 N.J. .. 7 92
13 m ........ 7 99
12 M e .... 7 99
11 Ohio.. 8 05
10 D . C . . . 8 27
9 Conn.. 8 62
8 R.I—
9 74
7 M o n t . . 9 80
6 W y o . . . 11 07
6 Colo. . 11 07
4 N .Y ... 11 09
3 M ass.. 13 64
2 N e v... 14 00
1 Cal.. . 14 60

DO.

Conn.
R .I.

Mont.
W yo.

Colo
I N .Y.

*15

>

Nev.
| Cal.

CO PYRIG H T, 1883, BY C H I L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

P

l a t e

7 5

z u t^ h t i
f s
s ce

■

m

P late 7 5

c o m m er c e

a » u ,

ic/ r
m

<3

12
ILS LAKE
,089------

n

il
- 12- -13- - u 21 1 7 23

3?

m m
v m

m

m

TT

3

5

1 6
1

1
7

18

27

40

47

48

!“
It
, «

69

60.,

61

\

80

81

82

State and Local Net Debt, per Capita, by States, 1880.
(Figures from Page 31, Vol. “ Public Indebtedness,”
Tenth Census.^

Rank State.

4

16

13'

Per
Capita.

18

F
1
26

25

30--: ~1 - -323

SCALEr
$1 per Capita.

62

ttss* .

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
30

$0 71
81
1 78
2 45
3 19
4 86
4 90
5 38
5 85
7 22
7 29
7 39
9 03
9 08
9 28
9 33
9 75
9 88
9 89

N .M ex

U tah..

Miss. .
W. Ya.

Wash.-

O reg..
Iowa .
Mich..
N .C ...
Ida.

..

T e x ...
D a k ._.
W is...
K y .—
Ind. ..
A r iz . .
Fla. ..
Wyo.

.

A rk ...
Minn..
Md. ..
Ala. ..
G a .. . .

78
92

11 65
11 67
12 76
13 10
13 41
14 68
15 24
16 01
16 07
16 41
16 45
18 49
19 38
19 41
24 25
26 26
26 63
27 83
30 91
34 53
35 33
43 03
43 80
45 60
47 38
51 19
127 66

V t .. . .

S.C. ..
Ill.......
Ohio..
Del. ..
Kans..
Nebr..
N ev...
Colo. .
Cal. ..

19
18
17
16
15
14 M o n t . .
13 Tenn..
9 N .H ...
8 M e....

7 Conn.6 N .Y ...

5 N.J. ..
4 L a .. . .
3 R.I—

2 M ass..
1 D .C ...

R a n k j S ta te .

:

1

O reg..
N ev...
W. Ya.
Miss. .
Del. ..
Fla. ..
Colo. .
V t _____

N ebr..
A rk ...
Iow a.
N .C ...
Minn..
Mich..
N .H ...
Md__
T e x ...
W is...
R.I—
S.C. ..
Ala. ..
Ky. . .
Kans..
Cal. ..
Ind. ..
Ga.__
Conn. M e....
D .C ...

Tenn..
Va—
L a .. . .
Ill.......
Ohio..
N .J ...
M o.-..
Mass..
Pa. . . .
N .Y ...

JE E p
M ^n
2JAO
Wt ' a^O
na
\ SANOiA^s5^T NO I
y.°0»‘' G •'

ll| ?L
°°

TE™

- .

8 V tf/ra
.

1 1
2 3
T -16 -

KEY

• r j i8’i
18“

No debt reported ... ................... ..

Md.

A a.

m.

IN D E X ,

***« & °0
•3200—

$21

Ohio!

$22

Dei.

K y. ...34 'N.C. ..39
A r lz .
La. . . . 4 O h io . 21
A rk ..
Me_ 8 Oreg. .42
_
Cal..
M d ... .37 Pa_ 11
_
Colo.
M ass.. 3 R.I__ 3
Conn.
Mich. .40 S.C. ..23
D a k ..
Minn. .28 Tenn..l3
Del. .
Miss. .45 Tex. ..37
D .C ..
M o .... 12 T J t a h . M
M o n t . .14 Vt. ...24
Fla. .
Ga. —
Nebr.. 18 Va. ...10
Ida. .
N e v .-1 7 W a s h .-43
N.H.
111. . . .
W. Va.44
Ind. .. N.J. .. 5 Wis. ..35
Iowa 41 N . M e x f l W y o . .30
Kans.. .19 N.Y,
6
Ala. -

I

- r * 10

$ 20

$24
Colo,

I

T

$25

Cal.

? I pA PAG 0 ,

12

; 6»ooo .

«.. ,»5 I. 06

w m
1

M ont

$30

Tenn.

Under 50 cents per Capita..............

I

Kdns.

Nebr.
INev.

.2-::2;
7 V8
*

.

-- -------- .

95

57

H T V

50 cents and under $1 per Capita.
(78

90 v?
—- j ' - -La 1

$35

V a.
K II.

$40

Me

C on 1 .

N .Y.
N J.
R.I.

I III

iefljj city indebtc
Chic

84,872
116,251
205,462
235,319
239,311
377,501
759,925
848,502
998,860
1,024,523
1,513,424
2,013,190
2,346,585
2,626,509
3,594,296
4,352,168
7,425,757
7,938,784
7,962,767
8,194,606
8,476,064
8,803,144
10,724,170
10,896,006
11,604,913
11,875,992
13,102,790
13,345,938
14,728,545
14,977,881
16,005,853
16,755,688
18,353,737
19,681,903
22,001,661
22,406,850
22,675,459
37,387,900
42,099,802
42,865,952
45,180,922
48,756,454
49,547,102
56,951,322
91,283,913
114,034,759
218,723,314

$20 and over, per Capita.
IN D E X .

Ala. -.19;Mo__ 4
A r l z . .42 M o n t . .41
Ark. ..80|Nebr..31
Cal. -.16|Nev...38
Colo. .33 N.H— 35
C onn..l3;N .J... 5
D a k . ..39 N . M e x i 7
~ '
" N .Y — 1
N .C ...28
Ohio.. 6
Oreg. .40
Pa. . . . 2
7 R .I....2 1
S.C. ..20
Tenn.. 10
Tex. ..23

SCALEi

A m o u n t.

\ N .M e x %
U ta h ..
W yo. .
Id a . ..
W a s h .A r lz . .
M o n t..
D a k .. .

83

unorganized

A g gre ga te State and Local Net Debt, by States, 1880.
(Figures from Table VIII, page 531, Vol. "Tu blio
Indebtedness,” Tenth Census.!

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2

93

10 86

12 M o....
11 P a .. . .
10 V a ....

ss

' 79

1
1

$2 ,000,000

$4,000,000
$ 6 , 000,000

$8 ,000,000

$ 10,0 0 0 , 0 0 0

$ 12,000,000
$14,000,000
$16,000,000 .
$18,000,000
$ 2 0 , 000 ,0 0 0
$ 22 , 000,000

V t ... .32
Vft
Q

W

W .Va.37
W is.-22
W y o . .45

$32,000,000
$34,000,000
$36,000,000
$38,000,000

l

IND. \
“

W a sh A *

$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
m b

Unsettled P a rts ________

U t a h . AH

$24,000,000
$26,000,000
$28,000,000

p w

Indian Reservations.....

!

\

/

\

J

\ f

ta h .

I
i

/

colo.

I-----------

j

!

I

/ ARU- i *.m .

J

KANS.

|
~ T ~ q ----------

v -

i
- ■4______
\

\

* Y_

-}
'

f~ J

T EN N.

2

/
c .

/ "

VA.

____
N.C-

i

$ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$42,000,000
$44,000,000
$4G,000,000
$48,000,000

w a ..
Mi BB Ml M
IM M Mi m
J
Cal.

TEX.

$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

M B^M ■

$6 0,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

C >nn

$ 7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Me.

$ 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

D C .

$ 9 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

mm mm mm m
mm mm mm
m

'tv>

m

mm ■ ■ ■ ■

>

■ h h h i m mi mi
I
•aMMBBBBl
M M M I ■
M M iM M M i

^ ^ B a B^B

I

I

$

•

M Mi BB M Mi Mi Mi

mm Mi ■

100 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$

Ohio.
N J.

$ 120 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

mm mm mm m a mm mm tmt ■ H i ■M(

l

l

1

l

(

-

im

1

l

110, 000,000

l

Mates.

■ ■ I HI

■

mm mm

$ ,0 0 0
i:O 0 ,0 0

$1 40 ,00 0,000

*1 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$1 60,000,000

Pa.

mm mm mm mm mm nM BBJB^BMH^
*
»

im i

Mi mm m m i

M m i bm

mm mm mm mm

I Mi M^M^BB

$170,000,000

$1 80,000,000

$ 2 00 , 000,000

$ 210, 000,000

: F X : D T _ A _ : N " 0 :E !

P l a t e 76

_A.U STID

C O IM IIM IE IR O IE ]

MUNICIPAL NET DEBT.

INDEX.

Albany, N.Y................ 45 Harrisburg, Pa. ----- .57 Poughkeepsie, N.Y. . . 8
.13
Allegheny, P a--------- 80 Hartford, C onn.------ .14 Providence, R. I.
Atlanta, Ga. . . . . . 34 Hoboken, N .J. ........... .55 Quincy, 111.................... .20
Auburn, N .Y............... 74 Holyoke, Mass............ .49 Reading, P a............. .76
Augusta, Ga— ........... 12 Indianapolis, Ind. — .67 Richmond, Va......... .21
Baltimore, Md. . . . 99 Jersey City, N .J......... . 5 Rochester, N.Y. __ .31
Bay City, Mich. . _. _ 79 Kansas City, M o .----- .75 Sacramento, C a l.__ .48
.84 St. Joseph, Mo. ----- .32
Boston, Mass. __......... 18 Lancaster, Pa. .
Bridgeport, Conn.---- 69 Lawrence, Mass. . . .41 St. Louis, Mo........... .25
23 Louisville, K y............. .51 St. Paul, Minn........... .53
Brooklyn, N .Y .__
Buffalo, N.Y. -------- 37 Lowell, Mass............... .64 Salem, Mass................. .42
Cambridge, Mass. — 26 Lynn, Mass. ........... .36 Salt Lake City, U tah. .97
Camden, N .J .----- . . 62 Manchester, N.H. . . . .60 San Antonio, Tex___ .93
2 San Francisco, Cal. . . .91
Charleston, S.C........... 16 Memphis, Tenn.
. 6
Chelsea, Mass. ------ 19 Milwaukee, W is......... .83 Savannah, Ga. . . .
95
Chicago, 111................... 68 Minneapolis, M inn.. _.73 Scranton, Pa. .
.11 Somerville, M a ss.__ .29
15 Mobile, Ala..........
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Cleveland, Ohio. . . . 47 N ashville, Tenn.......... .52 Springfield, 111. . . .50
72 Newark, N .J. ............. .24 Springfield, Mass. . . .35
Columbus, Ohio___
56 New Bedford, Mass. _.46 Springfield, Ohio . .98
Covington, K y ..
Davenport, Iowa___ 89 New Haven, Conn. . . .70 Syracuse, N.Y. ____ .65
61 New Orleans, La. _ . . 17 Taunton, M ass.___ .78
Dayton, Ohio ___
.92
.100 Newport, Kv................ .39 Terre Haute, Ind.
Denver, Colo. __
Des Moines, Iowa . . 66 New York, N.Y......... . 9 Toledo, Ohio........... .28
Detroit, Mich_____ . 81 Norfolk, V a .______ . 7 Trenton, N .J................ .77
Dubuque, Iowa_____ . 54 Oakland, Cal................ .82 Troy, N.Y.................... .86
.87
. 1 Omaha, Nebr. ____ .94 Utica, N.Y.
Elizabeth, N .J. .
Elmira, N.Y................. . 90 Oswego, N .Y .______ .39 W ashington, D .C ._ . 4
Erie, Pa........................ . 44 Paterson. N .J ._____ .63 W heeling, W .V a___ .85
. 22 Peoria, 111________ _ .71 W ilkesbarre, Pa......... .90
Evansville, Ind..
F all River, Mass------ . 27’Petersburg, V a .____ .38 W ilmington, Del. . .58
Fort W ayne, Ind. . . . . 59 Philadelphia, P a .__ .30, Worcester, Mass------ .43
40 Pittsburgh, Pa. .
.10!
Galveston, Tex. .
Grand Rapids, Mich. . 88 Portland, Me............... - 31

NET DEBT, PER CAPITA,
OF THE LARGEST ONE HUNDRED
CITIES OF THE UNITED
STATES, 1880.
(Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.)

Rank

City.

Population
18*0.

Net Debt 1880.
Total.
Per Cap.

20,000
35,629 $
332,313
854,466
20,730
58,627
20,768
67,000
23,339
95.097
45,850
325,202
30,518
227,578
94
155,266
20,550
93
26,042
267,224
92 Terre Haute, I n d .----3,059,285
91 San Francisco, Cal. — 233.959
20,541
270,400
90 Elmira, N. Y ..............- - 290,675
21,831
89 Davenport, Iow a..........
471,000
32,016
88 Grand Rapids, Mich. _
566,000
87 Utica, N .Y ........ .......... .. . 33,914
958,296
56,747
86 Troy, N .Y ._________
531,882
30,737
85 W heeling, W .V a____
464,142
25,769
84
2,160,289
115,587
83
669,126
34,555
82
2,282,772
116,340
81
1,596,429
78,682
80
438,470
20,693
79
449,715
21.213
78
664,501
29,910
77 Trenton, N .J. — .........
999,000
43,280
76
1,339,224
55’785
75
530,000
21,924
74
1,137,467
46,887
73 Minneapolis, Minn---1,259,162
51,647
72 Columbus, Ohio...........
716,500
29,259
..............
71 Peoria, 111..
1,584,619
62,882
70 New Haven, Conn. ___
740,268
29,148
69 Bridgeport, Conn. . . .
68 Chicago, 111..................... 503,185 12,794,271
1,914,500
75,056
67 Indianapolis, Ind. . —
578,000
22,408
66 Des Moines, Iowa
51,792 1,351,500
65 Syracuse, N.Y. -----1,554,274
59,475
64 Lowell, M ass.___
1,359,500
51,031
63 Paterson, N. J .
41,659 1,164,900
62 Camden, N .J. . ___
1,101,521
38,678
61 Dayton, Ohio __ . . .
972,907
32,630
60 Manchester, N .H .----856,900
26,880
59 Fort W ayne, I n d .___
1,372,450
42,478
58 W ilmington, D e l.___
1,065,300
30,762
57 Harrisburg, Pa.
1,030,000
29,720
56 Covington, Ky. ...........
1,100,250
30,999
55 Hoboken, N .J. -------804,611
22,254
54 Dubuque, Iowa--------1,526,715
41,473
53 St. Paul, M in n ._____
1,606,200
43,350
52 Nashville, Tenn............
51 Louisville, K y___ . . . 123,758 4,849,935
778,780
19,743
50 Springfield, 111. . . . .
878,454
21,915
49 Holyoke, M a s s .____
861,000
21,420
48 Sacramento, Cal. .
6.467,046
160,146
47 Cleveland, Ohio
1,086,000
26,845
46 New Bedford, Mass. _.
90,758 3,683,765
45 Albany, N.Y. ...............
27,737 1,148,729
44 Erie, Pa. . . . . .........
2,447,543
58,291
43 Worcester, Mass...........
1,162.488
27,563
42
1,717,000
39,151
41 Lawrence, M a ss.__
1,023,249
22,248
40 Galveston, Tex. . . . . .
966,618
20,433
39 Newport, Kv................ 1,136,100
21,656
38 Petersburg, V a .___
8,211,934
37 Buffalo, N .Y .----------- 155,134
38,274 2,072,815
36 Lynn, Mass. . .
1,928,000
33,340
35 Springfield, Mass..........
37,409 2,180,000
34 Atlanta, Ga............
1,264,224
21,116
33 Oswego, N.Y.........
1,965,600
32,431
32 St. Joseph, M o .-------5,440,686
89,366
31 Rochester, N .Y .. ----30 Philadelphia, P a . ----- 847,170 54,223,844
1,596,974
24,933
29 Somerville, M a ss.----50,137 3,224,660
28 Toledo, Ohio..................
3,160,765
48,961
27 F all River, Mass_____
3,403,723
52,669
26 Cambridge, Mass.
350,518 22,847,761
25 St. Louis, M o.. .
136,508 9,070,032
24
23 Brooklvn, N.Y. — . . . 566,663 38,040,000
1,984,000
29,280
22 Evansville, In d.. ----63,600 4,399,021
21 Richmond, V a.. 27,268 1,917,888
20 Quincy, 111.
1,554,496
21,782
. .
19 Chelsea, Mass.
362,839 28,244,018
18 Boston, Mass.
17 New Orleans, L a .. _.. 216,090 17,736,509
49,984 4,129,102
16 Charleston, S.C.............
15 Cincinnati, Ohio........... 255,139 21,992,500
3,689,855
42,551
14 Hartford, C onn.------13 Providence, R .I--------- 104,857 9,373,056
1,959,519
21,891
12 Augusta, G a..................
2,609,250
29,132
11 Mobile, Ala.
10 Pittsburgh, P a .-------- 156,389 14,134,296
1,206,299 109,425,414
9 New York, N.Y. .
1,939,198
20,207
8 Poughkeepsie, N.Y. __
2,187,371
21,966
7 Norfolk, V a .----- --3,425,000
30,709
6 Savannah, Ga. .............
5 Jersey City, N .J........... 120,722 15,386,435
22,675,459
4 W ashington, D.C. — 177,624
33,810 4,322,154
3
33,592 4,554,355
2 Memphis, T e n n .____
28,229
5,512,638
1 lElizabeth, N .J. - .........

100
99
98
97
98

Denver, Colo..................
Baltimore, Md.
__
Springfield, Ohio.........
Salt Lake City, Utah
W ilkesbarre, Pa. _
_

; per Capita.

.56
2.57
2.83
3.23
4.07
7.09
7.46
7.56
10.26
13.08
13.16
13.31
14.71
16.69
16.89
17.30
18.01
18.69
19.36
19.62
20.29
21.19
21.20
22.22
23.08
24.00
24.17
24.26
24.38
24.49
25.20
25.40
25.43
25.51
25.79
26.09
26.13
26.64
27.96
28.48
29.81
31.88
32.31
34.63
34.66
35.49
36.16
36.81
37.05
39.19
39.45
40.08
40.20
40.38
40.45
40.59
41.42
41.99
42.18
43.86
45.99
47.31
52.46
52.93
54.16
57.83
58.27
59.87
60.61
60.88
64.01
64.05
64.32
64.56
64.62
65.18
66.44
67.13
67.76
69.17
70.33
71.37
77.84
82.08
82.61
86.20
86.72
89.39
89.51
89.57
90.38
90.71
95.97
99.58
111.53
127.45
127.66
127.84
135.58
195.28

N o t e s .—The population and net debt of W ashington, D. C., as here
given, are the figures for the entire District of Columbia, the corporations
of Washington and Georgetown having been abolished in 1871. Therefore,
the per capita debt of the city is the same as the per capita debt of the en­
tire District. The population and net debt of Bridgeport and Hartford,
Conn., are the figures for the respective towns, since the cities have no sep­
arate financial system.
The volume “ Public Indebtedness,” Tenth Census, states the indebt­
edness of St. Joseph, Mo., in one place at $2,445,600, and in another at
$1,965,600. Not knowing which is correct, the city is here given the bene­
fit of the doubt.

$140

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

I 1 ST
F 1

I ' I
NC E

O MV I I OE
O I LER I

P l a t e 7 7

ANALYSIS OF STATE AND LOCAL DEBT.
(Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.)

Increase and Decrease of Net Debt, per Capita, by States, 1870-1880.
(VoL “ P ublic Indebtedness,” Tenth Census, P ag es 30 an d 31.

Increase
per Cap.

R.I.

$20

$4 $3 $2 $11
State

1870.

1880.

1870

3880

State

Hank

$20 06 $27 32 $47 38 R .I......... 47
18 58 25 22 43 80 N .J___ 46
4 20 16 01 Del___ 45
11 81
9 88 W y o ___ 44
9 88
1 09
9 33 A r i z ___ 43
8 24
26 52 34 53 Me.......... 42
8 01
41
7 39 D a k ___ 41
6 98
_
8 35 15 24 Ohio_ 40
6 89
6 57 36 46 43 03 N Y . . . 39
5 88 13 53 19 41 M o n t __ 38
1 97
7 29 T ex___ 37
5 32
4 65
9 28 Ind____ 36
4 63
4 52
6 34 10 86 Minn. __ 35
3 70 47 49 51 19 Mass_ 34
_
3 54 31 79 35 33 Conn. __ 33
9 03 W is___ 32
5 60
3 43
2 40
4 86 Oreg. . _ 31
2 46
2 23 10 87 13 10 V t........... 30
1 40 17 09 18 49 Colo___ 29
1 35 25 28 26 63 P a . ___ 28
8 57
9 89 A r k .__ 27
1 32
2 45 W .V a. . 26
1 18
1 27
81 U t a h __ 25
81
63
8
71 N . M e x . . 24
sc a l e

Rank

Net Debt per Cap.

Purpose.

Cemeteries______________
Fire department_______ _
Sewers.......................................
Bridges.................................. ..
Schools and libraries ...........
Improvement of harbors, a .
Parks and public p la c e s __
Public buildings________
W ar expenses ..................... ..
Streets _________________
Miscellaneous___________
Refunding old d e b t..............
W ater-w o rks___________
Funding floating d e b t.........
Railroad and other aid .........

Amount.

283,816
2,514,082
21.370.536
24,853,388
26,509,457
36,224.548
40.612.536
48,493,952
75,154,400
86,674,860
130,374,758
138,743,730
146,423,565
153,949,095
185,638,948

$24

$25

$26

$27

$28

$29

$30

N.C.
Md.

La.

,000,000
$ 100, 000,000
$ 120 , 000,000

$140,000,000
$160,000,000
$180,000,000
$ 200, 000,000

$ 220,000,000

f
■

■

■

fffin W

■

I

1 H H II

of Interest.
Amount.

91 per
7i “
9 “
5* “
6* “
3 “
41 “
2 “
31 “

!■ ■ ■

i■

Classification of the Net Debt, by Civil
Divisions.
(Vol. “P ub lic In debtedness.” Tenth Census, 1880, P ag es 521 to 627.)

Amount.

Hi

$240,000,000
$260,000,000
$280,000,000
$ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$320,000,000
$340,000,000
$360,000,000
$380,000,000
$ 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$420,000,000
$440,000,000
$460,000,000
$20 an d o v e r ,.
$480,000,000
$ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$520,000,000
$540,000,000
$560,000,000
$580,000,000
U nder $ 1 .
$ 6 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$620,000,000
$1 an d u n d er $2
$640,000,000
*5.
*:
$660,000,000
$680,000,000
.....
$5
1 $ 7 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$720,000,000
*10 .
$15
$740,000,000
$760,000,000
*15 .
$780,000,000
$20 a n d over, _.
$ 8 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 d D
H I !■ ■ ■ ■ !
!■ ■ ■
$820,000,000
$840,000,000
$860,000,000
$880,000,000
$ 9 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$920,000,000
$940,000,000
$960,000,000
$980,000,000

1
2

S
i
5

6

7

$ 1,000,000 ,000

n ■
COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’ S SONS.

I

$23

$40,000,000
$60,000,000

(VoL, “ P ublic Indebtedness,” Tenth Census, 1880, P ag e 36.)

School district....... ....................
$ 17,507,411
Township......................................
31,601,244
Cities, &c. (Pop. under 7,500).
55,817,126
County............................................
123,877,686
234,436,261
State (proper)......... ......................
Cities and towns (7,500 and over) 593,344,418
Total.................. .......... .................. 1,056,584,146

$31 $22

$20, 000,000

Classification of the Bonded Debt, by Rates

Civil Divisions.

$20

SCALE:

a. Rivers, wharves, canals, and water-power.

Kate of Interest.

a The indebtedness of the D i»trict of Columbia was reported in
1870 at $19 72 per capita, and in
1880 at $127 66, an increase of
$107 94, chiefly city debt.

Increase and Decrease of Net Debt, per Capita,

|

cent. ........... .. .................. $
5,000
“ .......................... ............
464,844
“
476,124
“ .......................................
589,100
“ .......................................
1,544,832
“ .
1,588,371
“ .............................. ........
6,277,615
“ ........................
6,578,000
“ ....................................... 13,504,900
“ .......................- ............ 17,786,070
10 “ “ ..........................
23,370,864
4 < a
<
27^937^819
U nspecified......................
48,362,467
8 per cent______
49 788 885
5 “ “ .................
160 110418
7 “ “ ..............................
242,604 036
6 “ “ ............. ........................ 516,832,826

10IN.C.. . 4
2|Ohio. .40
42jOreg. .31
3 Pa___ 28
R . I__ 47
S . C ....1 1
Tenn. _ 6
Tex. ..3 7
U t a h . .25
Vt___ 30'
Va___ 5
W a s h . .22
W .V a. 26
W is. ..3 2
W y o . . .44
U.8___ 18

:

Purposes for Which the Bonded Debt was
Contracted.
(VoL “ P ub lic Indebtedness,” Tenth Census, 1880, P ag e 32.)

A la.. . .16 K y . ..
_
.43 La_
A rk .. .27 M e ...
C a l... 7 Md. __
Colo.. 29[Mass.
Conn. 33 Mich.
Minn.
D ak..
M iss..
D el...
M o...
D .C ..
M o n t.
F la .. .
Nebr.
Q a.. .
Nev. ..
Id a . ..
N .H ..
1 1 1 ....
N .J. .
In d ...
N .M e x .
Iowa _
Kans. _17|N.Y. A r iz ..

Decrease
per Cap.

30
Mich. . . $ 5 68 $ 5 38 $
52
W a sh . . .
3 71
3 19
58
Nebr. _. 16 99 16 41
77
Mo. . . . . 27 25 26 48
1 35
1 78
Miss___ 3 13
1 46
u . s_ _ 22 53 21 07
1 61
Kans.
17 68 16 07
1 65
Ala......... 13 32 11 67
1 84
4 90
Io w a__
6 74
1 89
9 75
F la____ 11 64
1 93
111........... 16 61 14 68
4 13
N.H___ 35 04 30 91
5 12
S.C___ 18 53 13 41
9 08
5 27
Ky------ 14 35
Ga. . . . . 18 37 12 76
5 61
7 22
7 62
Id a ____ 14 84
Cal____ 32 29 19 38 12 91
14 55
Tenn. . . 38 80 24 25
Va.......... 45 64 27 83 17 81
5 85 24 46
N.C. . . . 30 31
Md____ 37 18 11 65 25 53
L a .___ 73 03 45 60 27 43
N e v .__ 46 74 16 45 30 29

23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

INDEX.

P late 7 8

z e t i u n t ^a

^u

P l a t e 7 8

^ .n srx )

s t o ie

NATIONAL DEBT OF THE UNITED STATES
Distribution o f U. S. Registered Bonds Am ong Private
Citizens, 1880.

(Vol. “ Public Indebtedness,” Tenth Census, paces 242
__________________ to 245.)
Holdings of 4, 41 and 5%Reg. Bonds.
Total H
eld.

SCALE:

$500 and under held by each person. 25,557 $ 7,539,750
From
$500 to $ 1,000
“
14,740 13,040,850
1,000
2,500
12,376 21,935,150
2,500
5,000
8,351 32.439.250
5,000
10,000
4,987 39,326,300
10,000
25.000
3,279 54,257,350
25,000
50.000
1,299 49,415,950
Over $50,000___
199.584.250

$40,000,000
$60,000,000
$80,000,000
$

N..ra
o
Hldof,
o

THE NATIONAL DEBT.
Outstanding Principal on Jan. 1, from 1790 to
1842, and on July 1, from 1843 to 1880.

*

77,788,722
75,463,477 ■ ■ I
77,227,925
80,352,634 I Hi H I
78,427,405 |Hfl|
80.747.587 ■ ■ I
83,762,172
82,064,479
■H I
79,228,529
m
78,408,670
82,976,294
83,038,051
80,712,632
77,054,686 I H I
86,427,121
82,312,151
75,723,271
69,218,399
65,196,318
57,023,192
53,173,218
48.005.588
45,209,738
55,902,828
81,487,846
99,833,600
127,334,934
123,491,965
103,466,634
95,529,648
91,015,566
89,987,428
93,546,6
90,875,877
I■ SK
90,269,778
83,788,433
81,054,060
73,987,357
67,475,044 to
58,421,414
48,565,407
39,123,192 ■ |■
24,322,235
7,001,699 ■
4,760,082
37,733
37,513
336,958
3,308,124
10.434.221 ■
3,573,344
5,250,876
13,594,481
"
32,742,922 • n ;
23,461,653 M i l
15,925,303 ■
15,550,203 SR
38,826,535
47,044,862 mmm
63,061,859
63,452,774
68,304,796
66,199,342
59,803,118
42.242.222
35,586,957
31,972,538
28,099,832
44,911,881
58,496,838
64,842,288
90,580,874
524,176,412^
1,119,772,139
1.815.784.371
2,080,647,870
2,773,236,174
2,678,126,104
2,611,687,851
2,588,452,214
2,480,672,428
2,353,211,332
2,253,251,329
2,202,752,993
2,192,930,408
2,173,869,532
2,147,555,
2,150,341,392
2,209,450,893
2,319,197,482
2.105.950.371

$27,894,350
90,353,350
227,451,550
319,937,800
327,185,500
417,538,850

Classification of Interest Bearing Debt, July 1, 1880.

(From the Annual Reports SCALE:
of the Secretary of $20,000,000
the Treasury.)
$40,000,000
$60,000,000
Ycar
Amount.
$80,000,000

17
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1880
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1800
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880

T H
otal eld.

Residents of foreign countries_______
Private citizens of the U. S. (females).. 29,325
Banks, insurance, trust companies, &e.. 1,527
National Banks to secure circulation... 2,076
Private citizens of the U. S. (males)_ 42,262
_
Total—Private citizens of the IT S.
.
71,587

(Vol. “ Public Indebtedness,” Tenth Census, plate VII.,
page 43.)
Rte rt.
a reof
to
Class of Bonds.
In
Amount.
3* Navy Pension Fund.......................... . $ 14,000,000

100 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 120,000,000

$140,000,000

(Vol.'“Public Indebtedness,” Tenth Census
R k S te.
an . ta
T
otal.
40 Oreg. $ 126,300
39 Ga...
181,400
$140,000,000
38 Nev..
211,000
| $160,000,000
37 Nebr.
248,750
$180,000,000
36 Fla. .
253,850
35 Ark..
* 2 0 0 , 0 00 ,0 00
312,400
34 Minn.
420,250
$ 220 ,000,000
33 Ala. .
474,100
$ 210 , 000,000
32 Tex..
623,450
31 N. C..
$ 200 , 000,000
639,000
30 VV.Va
661,500
$280,000,000
29 S. C..
760,200
*300,000,000
28 Terri.
837.550
$320,000,000
27 Del. . 1,008,150
26 Miss.- 1,014,800
$340,000,000
25 Kans. 1,188,800
$360,000,000
24 Iowa. 1,285,450
$380,000,000
23 Wis.. 1,331,400
*400,22 V a... 1,749,750
0 0 0 ,0 0 0
21 K y... 1,770,160
$420,- 20 Colo. 1,897,550
000,000 19 Mich. 1,941,200
18 Tenn. 2,341,200
17 La. .. 2,458,000
16 V t... 3,595,150
15 Mo... 3,783,600
14 Me... 3,968,500
13 Ind. . 3,980,800
12 N. II. 4,658,150
11 K. 1.. 4,717,100
10 Md... 6,989,600
9 N. J.. 8,104,150
8 Conn. 8,894,400
7 Hi.... 9,119,950
6 Cal... 11,601,100
5 D.V.. 12,419,050
4 Ohio.- 16,445,050
3 Pa. .. 40.223,050
2 Mass. 45,138,750
1 IN Y. 210,264,250
.

SCALE:

100 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 120,000,000

General Distribution of U. S. Registered Bonds, 1880.

4, 4J and 5%Reg. Bonds held by

Distribution of Registered 4, 44, and 5 % Bonds,
by States, 1880.

$20,000,000

6* Registered Bonds.................................. 177,692,050
Total 6%Bonds................. . . .................. 235,780,400
Coupon Bonds...................................... 78,892,650
4«
Total 4\$ Bonds................................... 250,000,000
190,278,400
6jt Registered Bonds.................................. 294,586,500

___Average Distribution, per Capita of Total Population, of Registered 4, 44, and 5% Bonds,

s o n ;. —The distributions shown on the map and charts
were determined by the Census Bureau, from the interest
schedules of the Treasury Department. The interest on the 6
per cent, registered bonds having been made payable in the ten
principal cities, instead of at the Treasury, and the coupon
bonds being transferable without registration, it was impossible
to determine their distribution.
INDEX.

$20,000,000

$40,000,000
$60,000,000
$80,000,000

$O
IO ,-

0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 120,000,00

Ala. .33 Mo... .15
Ariz. .28 Mont. .28
Ark.. .35 Nebr. .37
C al.. . 6 Nev.. .38
Colo. .20 N II .12
.
('onn . 8 N. J. . 9
Dak. .28 N.Mex23
Del. ..27 N. Y. . 1
D. C. . 5 N C .31
Fla. . .36 Ohio. . 4
Ga... .39 Oreg. .40
Ida. . .28 Pa
3
111... 7 R. I.. .11
Ind. ..13 S. C.. .29
Iowa. .24 Tenn. .18
Kans. .25 Tex.. 32
Ky.'-- .21 Utah. .28
La... .17 Vt... .16
Me... .14 Va... .22
Md... .10 Wash. 28
Mass. 2 W Va 30
Mich. 19 W is.. 23
Minn. 34 Wyo.. 28
Miss. 26

$160,000,000
$180,000,000
* 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 220,000,000

•I

*500,000,000
*600,000,000
$700,000,000

Coupon Bonds...................................... 211,639,850
4% Registered Bonds.................................. 527,707,950
Total 4% Bonds..................................... 739,347,800

Average Distribution, per Capita of Actual Holders, of
Registered 4, 44, and 5% Bonds, by States, 1880.

(Vol. “ Publio Indebtedness,” Tenth Census, page 238.)
State.
Average.
S C A LE :
41 N. H. $ 1,584 94
40 Vt. ..
1,883 26
39 Me...
2,319 40
38 Mass.
2,678 0G
$4,000
37 in ....
2,940 97
36 N. J..
2,984 95
$6,000
35 Ga...
3,127 58
34 W. Va
3,409 79
33 Kans.
3,646 62
$8,000
32 Conn.
3,757 66
31 Ala. .
3,762 69
30 Tex..
3,765 82
$jo ,ooo
29 Va...
3,820 41
28 Penn.
3,864 62
$12,000
27 Wis. .
3,892 97
26 K y...
3,924 94
25 Fla...
3,966 40
$14,000
24 Ohio.
3,981 85
23 Ark..
4,005 12
$16,000
22 Mo...
4,055 30
21 Mich.
4,285 20
20 Minn.
4,470 74
$18,000
.
19 N C.4,500 00
18 Nebr.
4,522 72
17 Iowa.
4,542 22
* 2 0 ,0 0 0
16 D.O..
5,269 00
15 S. C..
5,548 90
14 K. 1..
5,628 99
13 Ind. .
5,703 15
12 JJ. S. .
5,832 61
11 Tenn.
6,344 71
10 Miss.6,463 05
9 Terri.
7,545 49
8 Md...
7,597 39
7 Oreg.
9,021 42
6 La. ..
9,381 67
5 Del. .. 10,081 50
4 Nev.. 11,722 22
3 N. Y. 14,204 16
2 Cal... 28,226 52
1 Colo
31,107 37

IN D E X .

Ala. .31 Mo... .22
Ariz . 9 Mont.. 9
Ark.. .23 Nebr. .18
Cal. .. 2 Nev.. 4
Colo. 1 N H 41
. .
Conn .32 N. J.. .36
Dak. . 9 N.MtX 0
Del. .. 5 n. y. 3
d . a . .16 N. C. .19
Fla. ..25 Ohio. .24
Ga... .35 Oreg. 7
Ida. . . 9 Pa.. . .28
m... -87 K. L. .14
Ind. ..13 s. c.. .15
Iowa .17 Tenn. .11
Kans .33 Tex.. .30
Ky... .26 Utah. 9
La... . 6 v t... .40
Me... .39 Va, .29
Md... - 8 Wash 9
Mass. .38 VV.Va 34
Mich. .21 Wis .27
Minn. .20 Wyo.. 9
Miss. .10 11. s . . 12

Average Distribution, per Capita
of Total Population,, of Reg­
istered 4, 44, and b%
Bonds, 1880.

(Based on the Returns of the
Tenth Census.)
Hk
an
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8

Foreign and Domestic Holdings of all U. S. Bonds.

7
6
5
4
3
2

$800,000,000

(Vol. “ Public Indebtedness,” Tenth Census, pages
234 and 264.)
Class of Bonds.

Holders.

Foreign...........
Coupon Bonds
Domestic........
(June 30, 1880.)
Total Coupon..
Foreign.................
Registered Bonds
Domestic..............
Total Registered.,
Total Coupon and Registered Bonds........

1

Amount.
$221,108,425
j 316,423,825
. 537,532,250
. 27,894,350
.1,145,854,900
.|l,173,749,250
J 1,711,281,500

■ Ml
llfl

S C A LE :
S ta te . Per Capita

G a... $
Tex..
Ala. .
A rk..
N.C..
Minn.
Nebr.
Oreg.
S.C. .
Iowa.
Miss.Fla. .
W is..
W.Va
V a...
Mich.
Kans.
Jerri.
Tenn.
K y...
Mo...
Ind. .
in.

Nev..
Ohio
Me...
Del. .
N.J. .
Md...
11.8...
Pa. ..
Colo.v t . ..
Cal. .
N.H.,
Conn.
R.I...
Mass.
N.Y..
D.C..

$4,000 per Capita.

0 12
32
88
39
46
55
55
72
76
79
90
94
1 01
1 07
1 16
1 19
1 19
1 38
1 62
1 71
1 74
2 01
2 62
2 96
3 39
5 14
6 12
6 88
7 16
7 48
8 32
9 39
9 76
10 82
13 42
13 42
14 28
17 06
25 31
41 85
69 90

$12,000
$16,000
$ 2 0 ,0 0 0

$24,000
$28,000
$32,000

$36,000
$40,000

A la ...39 Mo... .21
Ariz. .24 Mont. .24
Ark.. -38Ltfebr. .35
Cal. .- 7 Nev.. .17
Colo. . 9 N.H.. 6
Conn - 5 N.J. . .13
Dak...24 N.Mex24
Del. ..14 N.Y.. 2
D.C.. . 1 N.C. ..37
Fla. ..30 iOhio. .16
Ga... .41 Oreg. .34
Ida. . .24 Pa. .10
in .. . .18 R.I. . 4
Ind. . .20 S.C. . .33
Iowa 32 Tenn. .23
Kans -25 Tex.. 40
Ky.-- .22 Utah. .24
La... -39 Vt. -. 8
Me... .15 Va . .27
Md.. .12 Wash -24
Mass.. 3 VV.Va.28
Mich. .26 Wis...29
Minn. -36 Wyo. .24
Miss. .31 11.8... 11

KEY

$1 and under $2 per capita.....

2

$ »
2

3

$5 „

$5 „
„

„

$20 and over

$8 ,,

4

$12 ,,

$ „
8
$12 „

„ -......

5

$20 „

6

«

*t ------

7

$60,000

I0 J 4

$ 1 0 0 0 , 000,000
,

■

m tm m i
m
m

■■ ■ ■ ■ I ■

Classification of the National Debt, June 30, 1880.

(Official Statement of the Public Debt.)
Class of Debt.
Non-Interest Bearing a.
Interest Bearing_____...
Total (net)....................

$ 2 , 0 0 0 , 000,000

Amount.
$381,957,271
1,723,993,100
2,105,950,371

-

$70
Year.

$60

N
ATIO AL D BT
N
E

$50
War with
Northwest
Inc

$40

$30

$20
Debt per Capita.
$10

Year.
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800

Debt per
Capita.
$19
18
18
18
17
17
17
16
15
15
15

80
66
55
74
75
73
85
96
87
23
63

1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820

I

■ ■■■

Debt per
Capita.

Year.

$15 15
15 34
13 21
14 19
13 25
11 82
10 47
9 57
8 11
7 34
6 44
5 89
7 08
10 02
11 92
14 78
13 92
11 34
10 17
9 42

1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840

Debtpier
CapitaL
.
$9 05
9 14
8 63
8 33
7 51
7 06
6 26
5 55
4 67
3 77
2 95
1 71
50
33
03
0

003
02
21
63
21

Year.
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
I860

Debt per
Capita.
$0 30
75
1 75
1 21
80
75
1 83
2 15
2 80
2 73
2 84
2 67
2 33
1 59
1 30
1 13
99
1 50
1 91
2 06

Year.
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1807
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880

W ar o f
11
82
and

War with
the Creeks

Debt per
Capita.
$ 2 82
16 02
33 56
53 33
77 14
78 18
73 95
70 65
68 55
64 28
59 59
55 67
53 07
51 49
49 72
47 82
46 60
46 58
47 55
41 98

•

IPUBLIC DEBT PER CAPITA, 1790 TO 1880.

•
(
•

Note.—The color line crossing this chart from left to right shows the annua —
ariations of the Public Debt, per capita, from 1790 to 1880. (For further explanation
see Plan of Chart, Plate 79J

<
d
0.

T"

Q
.

•

$70
C
L
V"

—

•

$60

•

$50

B

ack
H
awk’s
V
i/ar.

Florida \
A/ar.

Wa r
wil h
Mexico.

Civi Wa
3

Debt per Capita

$ 40

1
•
1

$30

—

$20

-

-

3

1
— •—
•——
_•—

—c

£

”1“
O...
cl—

• ■•»»*.
-—
*
♦
' ♦—■ .
.
.
•
a
•
•
1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 837 1838 1839 1840 1841|1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 J1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 [1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

$10

Z i s ^ s cE
Fu r n r i

c o m m er c e

P l a t e 7 9

1880.

ISSUES AND REDEMPTIONS OF UNITED STATES LOANS.

1777.

(C o m p ile d fro m tlie V o lu m e “ P u b lic I n d e b te d n e s s ,” T e n th C e n su s.)

GOVERNMENT LOANS.
Title of Loan.

Rato of In­
terest.

When Author­
ized.

Amount Issued.

$1,640,559,947
$450,000,000.
981,134,880
Indefinite........
829,992,500
,800,000,000! —
739,480,800
,1,500,000,000. ..
716,099,247
.150,000,000......
601,600,000
Indefinite........
561,753,242
No limit
517,994,150
Part of No. 4 ...
514,771,600
15,000,000.......
379.618.000
00,000,000 ....
368,720,080
' 50,000.000.........
f art of No. 10.. 332,998,950
266,595,440
$400,000,000 ___
250,000,000
Part of No. 4 ...
203,327,250
Part of No. 10.
196.118.300
;200,ooo,ooo. . .
189,321,350
1250,000,000 ...
166.480.000
’art of No. 13.
139,999,750
Indefinite......
125.561.300
)400,000,000 .. .
85.155.000
575,000,000 ___
75.000.
000
575,000,000
.
60.030.000
560,000,000 ...
52.778.900
ndefinite---M C00 ... .- 47.002.900 I
44.520.000
No. 13
42,539,350
Part of No. 1040,012,750
Indefinite .......
35,364,450
Indefinite........
30,088,398
Indefinite........
d 28,230,350
23,000.000 ___
26,122,100
’art of No. 3121.018.000
Indefinite ........
20 .000 .
000
120,000,000 ___
19,719,237
’art of No. 30..
18.415.000
,25,000,000 ----16,000,000 . . . . . e 18,109,377
16,000,000
16,000.000 ----14,649,329
’art of No. 30..
14.000.
000
Indefinite........
12,288,148
18,452,800 ___
11.250.000
11,250,000
10.010.900
10,000,000 ----10 .000 .
000
10,000,000 ----9,919,476
‘“
.,000,000 ----9,070,386
1,000,000 ___
f 8,498,582 I
7,500,000 .........
8,343,886
17,000,000
8.318.400
10,500,000 .......
8.134.700
11,000,000 ----7,687,800
110,000,000 ........
7.022.000
.121,000,000 ----7,004,231
Indefinite........
7.000.
000
17,000,000 .........
6.481.700
18,500,000 .........
6,294,051
h
5,672,977
$12,000,000 ----5,384,135
. Part of No. 45«
5.000.000
$5,000,000 .........
5.000.000
$5,000,000 .........
5.000.000
$5,000,000 ........
5.000.000
$5,000,000 .......
5.000.
000
. $10,000,000 ___
4,999.149
. Part of No. 51.
4.969.400
Part of No. 46..
4,735,296
. $5,000,000........
4,454,728
$15,000,000 . . . .
4,282,037
$5,000,000 ........
3,882,500
Part of No. 16.
3,392,994
. Part of No. 46.
3.267.000
. $10,000,000 ----2,984,747
2.750.000
2.400.000
$14,000,000 ..
2.150.000
Part of No. 502.000.000
M ,000,000 ........
O

Deb. 25, 1862Com certificates............................... March 3, 1863Seven-thirties of 1864-65................... June 30, 1864..
Four per cents, of 1907..................... July 14, 1870- years.......
Feb. 25, 1862C ert^ ates of deposit..................... June 8, 1872Certificates of Indebtedness........... March 1, 1862Five per cents, of 1881.................... July 14, 1870Feb. 25, 1862March 3, 1865Fractional currency......................... July 17, 1862March 3, 1865—
Compound interest notes................ March 3, 1863July 14, 1870Four-and-a-half per cents, of 1891 ..
March 3, 1865-Ten-forties of 1864........................... March 3, 1864..
Loan of July and August, 1861........ July 17, 1861March 3, 1863Seven-thirties of 1861...................... July 17, 186120
Five-twenties of June, 1864............. June 30, 1864— ■ years,
efimte ...
Three per cent, certificates............. March 3, 1867-March 3, 1863..
Old demand notes........................... July 17, 1861Dec. 23, 1857.-. 1 y e a r__
Treasury notes of 1837 to 1845, inclu. Oct. 12, 1837-. 1 and 2 years
March 3, 1863... 1 year..........
March 3, 1865- “ • 20 years,
efimte...
Feb. 26, 1879Refunding certificates.....................
March 2, 1861Aug. 4, 1790Six per cent, stock of 1790 ..............
Jan. 28, 1847Treasury notes of 1847..... ............... Jan. 28, 1847Feb. 28, 1878-Loan of 1858..................................... June 14, 1858-Three per cent, stock of 1790........... Aug. 4, 1700Feb. 8, 1861Sixteen-million loan.................. — Feb. 8, 1813Mareh31,1848Deferred six per cent, stock of 1790. Aug. 4, 1790-Navy-pension fund.......................... July 1, 1864Six per cent, loan of 1815...... ......... March 3, 1815Louisiana six per cent, stock........... Nov. 10, 1803. .
Treasury notes of 1860.................... Deo. 17, I860..
Treasury notes of March, 1814 . — March 4,18 14 March 24, 1814Seven per cent, stocks of 1815........ Feb. 24, 1815Seven-and-a-half million loan......... Aug. 2, 1813April 15, 1842Treasury notes of December, 1814.. Dec. 26, 1814Six per cent, loan of 1812......... ...... March 14, 1812..
Treasury notes of 1846.................... July 22, 1846-June 22, I860—
March 3, 1843-..
Five per cent, loan of 1816............... April 10, 1816- Indefinite ...
July 16, 1798-. 15 years.......
8 per cent, loans of 1798 and 1300
Exchanged six per cent, stock of 1807 Feb. 11, 1807-. Indefinite ...
July 21, 1841- 3 years.......
Six-million loan............................... March24,1814- 12 years---1 year........
Treasury notes of 1812
Feb. 25, 1813.. 1 year........
Treasury notes of 1813
8 years.......
Four-and-a-half per cent, loan of 1824 May 24, 1824..
Four-and-a-half per cent, loan of 1824 May 26, 1824.. Indefinite ..
Sept. 9, 1850- 14 years---Texas indemnity stock---July 22, 1846- 10 years---Loan of 1846......................
Feb. 24, 1815. . Indefinite ..
Treasury notes of 1815_
_
March 3, 1821- 14 years---Five per cent, loan of 1821
Exchanged 4} per cent, stock of 1824 May 26, 1824.. 8 and 9 years
March 31,1814- Indefinite ...
Mississippi stock......................
March 3, 1864.. 5 or 20 vears.
Five-twenties of March, 1864 ..
Feb. 24, 1815- Indefimte__
Small treasury notes of 1815...
Dec. 3, 1777- Indefinite ...
French loan of 18*000,000 livres
Exchanged six per cent, stock of 1812 July 6, 1812- 12 years
Six per cent, loan of 1810............... May 1, 1810- I ye ar..
Holland loan of September, 1791 — Aug. 4, 1790- 10 to 15 years
Temporary loan of 1812.................. March 14, 1812- Irregular —
Holland loan of 1782........................ Sept. 14, 1782- 10 to 15 years
Subscription loan of 1791................. Feb. 25, 1791- Indefinite ...
Temporary loan of December, 1794. Dec. 18, 1794- Indefinite
May 15, 1820.. Indefinite
Six per cent, loan of 1820
Converted six per cent, stock of 1807 Feb. 11, 1807- Indefinite
JTve-and-a-half percent, stock of 1795 March 3, 1795- Indefinite
French loan of 10,000,000 livres........ Oct. 26, 1779- 15 years..
Exchanged 4T per cent, stock of 1825 March 3, 1825- 3 and 4 years
Treasury note stock of 1815............. Feb. 24, 1815- Irregular - ..
Temporary loan of 1814........... ....... Nov. 15, 1814- Indefinite ...
Holland loan of 1790........................ Aug. 4, 1790.. 10 to 15 years
Holland loan of December, 1791....... Aug. 4, 1790.. 12 to 17 years
Holland loan of 1794 ....................... Aug. 4, 1790- II to 16 years
Holland loan of 1792........................ Aug. 4, 1790- 11 to 15 years
90 Temporary loan of March, 1815....... March 3, 1815- Indefinite ...
91 Oregon war debt.............................. March 2, 1861.. 20 years
92 French loan of 6,000,000 livres ...... Sept. 14, 1782- 13 years......
93 Holland loan of March, 1791........... Aug. 4, 1790- 10 to 15 years £
£
94 Temporary loan of March, 1794 (B).. March 20, 1794.. Indefinite ... I
95 Temporary loan of June, 1794......... June 9, 1794.. Indefinite ...
9G Five per cent, loan of 1820............... May 15, 1820.. 12 years.
97 Antwerp loan of 1791....................... Aug. 4, 1790.. 10 to 15 years 4
98 Holland loan of 1784......................... Feb. 1, 1785.. 17 years.......
99 Temporary loan of 1793 ................... Feb. 28, 1793.. Indefinite . .. I
100 Temporary loan of Feb. 1795........... Feb. 21, 1795.. Indefinite ..
101 Undesignated loan of 1814.............. March24,1814.. 12 years---102 Navy six per cent, stock................. June 30, 1798- Indefinite ..
103 Certificates of indebtedness of 1870- -Tuly 8, 1870- 5 years.......
104 Temporary loan of March, 1795 (Ay- March 3, 1795- 1 ye a r........
105 Temporary loan of March, 1795 (B). March 3, 1795- 1 ye a r........
106 Temporary loan of March, 1795 (C). March 3, 1795.. 1 ye a r........
107 Holland loan of 1787......................... Oct. 11, 1787- 10 to 15 years £
10 to 15 years
108 Holland loan of 1788........................ July 2, 1788- Indefinite .. £
109 Temporary loan of 1792................... May 2, 1792110 Holland loan of 1793........................ Aug. 4, 1790- 10 years---111 Temporary loan of 1796.. ............. May 31, 1796. 1 ye a r........
Aug. 10, 1846. 5 years......
112 Mexican indemnity stock
Feb. 11, 1847. Indefinite... (
113 Bounty land scrip...___
114 Temporary loan of February, 1815.. Feb. 13, 1815. Indefinite ... (
115 Temporary loan of March, 1794 (A). March 20,1794. Indefinite ..
116 Temporary loan of 1798.................. March 3, 1795. 4 years.......
117 Direct tax loan..........................— Jan. 9, 1815. Indefinite ..
Indefinite..
in
118 Treasurer’s temporary loan of 1789.
119 Debt due foreign officers.............. Jan. 22, 1784. Indefinite ...
D e o . 33, 1776. I n d e f i n it e .
-g e n e r a l o f F r a n o o -----121 Four-and-a-half per ct. stock of 1795 March 3, 1795. Indefinite ..
Sept. 28, 1779. Indefinite ... I
122 Loan from Spain.........
March 3, 1791. Indefinite. .. ]
123 Temporary loan of 1791
May 31, 1796. 23 years .
124 Six per cent, loan of 1796.
125 Exchanged 5 per cent, stock of 1822 April 20, 1822. 8,9 and lOyrsH
March 26,1790. Indefinite ... f
126 Temporary loan of 1790

o The great excess of the amount issued over the
amount authorized is explained by the repeated re-is­
sue of the same notes. The greatest amount outstand­
ing at any one time was $449,338,902. on June 30, 1864.
b The rate of interest on this loan ranged from ^
of 1%to 0%
.
c About one-third of this loan was for sixtv days,
the balance for two years.
d This loan was authorized by Sec. 14 of the Act
Jan. 28, 1847, which provided for converting into stock
the treasury notes of 1847 and any preceding years,
which explains the over-issue.
e An excess of $2,109,277 was issued to cover the dis­
count.

Amount Authorized.

52.000.

000...

$700,000,000

$500,000,000
$400,000,000
$300,000,000

$280,000,000
$860,000,000
$240,000,000

72 ’73 74 ’75 76 ’77 ’78

$1,500,000,000

$ 2 0 0 , 000 ,0 00

$160,000,000

$1,450,000,000

$140,000,000
$ 120,000,000

$ 100,0 0 0 , 0 0 0

$1,400,000,000

$80,000,000
$60,000,000

ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO LOANS.
Title of Loan.

$1,350,000,000

Title of Loan.

Antwerp loan of 1791---Old-demand (1861) ................ ............
One-year of 1863...............................
Bounty land scrip (1847).
Treasury (see treasury notes.)
Certificates:
Two-year of 1863..............................
Coin (1863)...................
Old-demand notes (1861)......................
Of deposit (1872)..........
One-year notes of 1863.........................
Of indebtedness (1862).
Of indebtedness (1870).
Oregon war debt (1861)........................
Refunding certificates (1879)...............
Refunding (1879)..........
Seven-thirties (1861).............................
Silver (1878).................
Seven-thirties of 1864 and 1865 (1864). .
Three per cent. (1867)..
Seven-and-a-half-million loan (1813)...
Coin certificates (1863)...
Seven per cent, stock (1815)................
Consols:
Of 1865.........................
Silver certificates (1878).......................
Of 1867 (1865)................
Six-million loan (1814)..........................
Six per cent, loan of 1796....................
Of 1868 (1865)................
Six per cent, loan of 1810....................
Converted six per cent, stock of 1807—
Six per cent, loan of 1812....................
Compound interest notes (1863)........
Six per cent, loan of 1815....................
Debt due foreign officers (1784)........
Six per cent, loan of 1820....................
Debts of states assumed (1790).........
Deferred six per cent, stock of 1790Six per cent, stock of 1790...................
Six-million loan (1814).........................
Demand notes, old (1861).................
Sixteen-million loan (1813)...................
Direct tax loan (1815).......................
Eight per ct. loans of 1798-1800 (1798)—
Spain’s loan in 1781 (1779)...................
Small treasury notes of 1815................
Exchanged Stock:
Five per cent, of 1822....................... 125 Stock:
Four-and-a-half per cent, of 1824—
67 Converted six per cent, of 1807........
Four-and-a-half per cent, of 1825---Deferred six per cent, of 1790..........
Exchanged six per cent, of 1807......
Six per cent, of 1807.........................
Six per cent, of 1812.........................
Exchanged six per cent, of 1812.......
Farmers-general of France (1776)........
Exchanged five per cent, of 1822_
_
Five-twenties of 1862...........................
Exchanged 41 per cent, of 1824...
Five-twenties of March, 1864..............
Exchanged 4} per cent, of 1825...
Five-twenties of June, 1864.................
Five-ana-a-halr per cent, of 1795..
Four-and-a-half per cent, of 1795—
Five-twenties of 1865...........................
Five-and-a-half per cent, stock of 1795.
Louisiana six per cent. (1803)........ .
Mexican-indemnity (1846)_______
Five per cent, loan of 1816...................
Mississippi (1814)............................ .
Five per cent, loan of 1820...................
Five per cent, loan of 1821...................
Navy six per cent. (1798)............... .
Seven per cent, of 1815.................. .
Five per cents, of 1881 (1870)................
Six per cent, of 1790.......................
Foreign officers, debt due (1784)..........
Texas indemnity (1850)................. .
Four-and-a-half per cent, loan of 1824.
Four-and-a-half per cent, loan of 1824.
Three per cent, of 1790..................
Treasury notes of 1815...................
Four-and-a-half per cents, of 1891 (1870)
Subscription loan of 1791..................
Four-and-a-half per cent, stock of 1795
Temporary Loan of
Four per cents, of 1907 (1870).
1789, (Treasurers)......................... .
Fractional currency (1862)_
_
1790
.................................... .
French loan of 18,000,000 livres (1777)..
1791
....................................
French loan of 10,000,000 livres (1779)—
1792
....................................
French loan of 6,000,000 livres (1782)...
....................................
Fund, navy-pension (1864)................... 40 1793
Holland Loans:
March, 1794 (A)...............................
1782................................................... 76 March, 1794 (B)...............................
1784 ................................................... 98 June, 1794...................................... .
1787..................................................... 107 December, 1794...............................
February, 1795................................
1788.............................................
108
March, 1795 (A)...............................
1790..............................
March, 1795 (B)...............................
March, 1791 (1790)........
March, 1795 (C)...............................
September, 1791 (1790).
1796— . .......................................... .
December, 1791 (1790)..
1798 (1795)........................................
1792(1790)....................
1812................................................
1793 (1790)....................
1814
....................................
1794(1790)....................
February 1815...............................
Indebtedness, certificates of (1862)---March, 1815.................................... .
Indebtedness, certificates of (1870)_
_
1862................................................
Indemnity stock, Mexican (1846).
Ten-forties of 1864............................
Indemnity stock, Texas (1850)---Ten-million loan (1814)...................... .
Land scrip, bounty (1847).............
Texas indemnity stock (1850)........... *
Legal-tender notes (1862).............
Three per cent, certificates (1867)__
Loan from Spain (1779)................
Three per cent, stock (1790)..............
Loan of 1841.................................
Treasurer’s temporary loan of 1789.
Loan of 1842.................................
Treasury Notes of
Loan of 1843.................................
1812................................................
Loan of 1846.................................
1813................. : ............................
Loan of 1847.................................
March, 1814............................... . . .
Loan of 1848.................................
Loan of 1858........................................ 34 December, 1814-------------- --------1815
....................................
Loan of I860.— ......................
.
1815 (small).................................... .
Loan of February, 1861...........
1837 to 1845 inclusive (1837)........... .
Loan of July and August, 1861
1846
....................................
Loan of 1863............................
Louisiana six per cent, stock (1803)---1847
....................................
Mississippi stock (1814)...............
1857................................................
Mexican indemnity stock (1846).
1860................................................
1861.......................... : .....................
Navy-pension fund (1864)...........
Navy six per cent, stock (1798)..
Treasury-note stock of 1815.............
Two-year notes of 1863....................
Notes:
Undesignated loan of 1814................ .
Compound interest (1863).......
War debt, Oregon (1861)................... .
Legal-tender (1862)..................
** included in the loan represented by N S , 35 and 39. (Authorized, $21,500,000; assumed,
os. O
$18,271,786.)

$40,000,000

1.200.000
1,200,000
1,200,000

1,180,000
1.150.000
1,090,850
1.089.000
1,000,000
1,000,000
1 , 000.000

$20,000,000

SCALE.

000 .............200.000

$1,000,000 ........
$6,000,000 ........
m
Indefinite.......
$10,000,000 ___
Part of No. 81.
$5,000,000 ........
$312,686 ..........
““,000,000 .... .
w 6,000,000----Indefinite.......

67 ’

$180,000,000

1,859,851
1^48,900
1.815.000
1,539,336
1,505,352
1.450.000

999,999
820,000
800,000
800,000
800,000
746,403
711,700
678,362
500.000
11.000.000 .........
500.000
jl,469,439 ........
500.000
Part of No. 105
400.000
Part of No. 76—
400.000
Part of No. 76..
400.000
$523,500...........
400.000
Part of No. 74.
15.000.
000 ............ 320.000
303,574
.1320,000 ..........
233,075
Indefinite.......
225.000
500,000...........

’62 ’63 ’64 ’65

'54 ’56 ’56 ’57 ’58

$ 220,000,000

2 ,000,000
2 ,000,000
2 , 000,000

52.000.
000 ...
53.000.
000 ...
I
Foreign debt...
$10,000,000 ..
$12,000,000 ..
Part of No. 46$3,000,000 ........
Part of No. 74.
Part of No. 74.
Part of No. 74.
Part of No. 74.
Part of No. 41.
" !,800,000 ........
_ :,000.000 .........
Part of No. 74$1,000,000 .........
$1,000,000 .........
Part of No. 79Part of No. 74Part of No. 76.
0,000........... .
0,000........... .
Part of No. 45Cost of vessels .
1678,362........... .

1.000.

■O---- 91,000,000,000

200,000
200,000

191,609
186,989
181,500
176,000
174,017
156,596
80,000
56,705
55,000

/ An excess of $998,582 was issued to cover the dis­
count.
g The rate of interest varied from & of 1%to 5§£.
h The issue was limited to the amount required to
take up unredeemed 6’s and deferred stock.
i The rates of interest were 5g, 5£ and 6%
.
j The issue was limited to the amount necessary to
redeem all old 6’s and deferred stocks.
k The amount authorized was equal to that part of
the Public Debt reimbursable in 1810.
I The amount authorized was equal to that of the
3*’s of 1790.
m This loan was made by the Secretary of the
Treasury without special legislation.

$1,300,000,000

=Q»vrl:Wfrr;

$1,250,000,000

$ 1 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
,

$1,150,000,000

$ 1 100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
,

$1,050,000,000

$ 1 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
,

$950,000,000

$900,000,000

$850,000,000

$800,000,000

$750,000,000

$700,000,000

CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX TO LOANS.
Authorized.

1776, Dec. 23...
1777, Dec. 3....
1779, Sept. 28..
1779, Oct. 26...
1782, Sept. 14. .
1782, Sept. 14. .
1784, Jan. 22...
1785, Feb. 1— .
1787, Oct. 11...
1788, July 2....
1790,' Mfirch 2G
.
1790, Aug. 4—
1790, Aug. 4--1790, Aug. 4__
1790, Aug.4....
1790, Aug. 4....
1790, Aug. 4—
1790, Aug. 4—
1790, Aug. 4—
1790, Aug. 4 ....
1790, Aug. 4—
1790, Aug. 4—
1791, Feb. 25...
1791, March 3..
1792, May 2....
1793, Feb. 28...
1794, March 20.
1794, March 20.
1794, June 9__
1794, Dec. 18—
1795, Feb. 21...

Authorized.

Title of Loan.

Farmers-general of France___
French loan of 18,000,000 livres.
Loan from Spain....................
French loan of 10,000,000 livres
Holland loan of 1782................
French loan of 6,000,000 livres.
Debt due foreign officers........
Holland loan...........................
Holland loan..........................
Holland loan...........................
Treasurer’s temporary loan__
Temporary loan.............. .......
Six per cent, stock...................
Three per cent, stock...............
Deferred six per cent, stock—
Holland loan...........................
Holland loan...........................
Holland loan................... .......
Holland loan...........................
Holland loan...........................
Holland loan.......................... .
Antwerp loan.........................
Holland loan...........................
Subscription loan....................
Temporary loan......................
Temporary loan......................
Temporary loan......................
Temporary loan (B).................
Temporary loan (A)................
Temporary loan.
Temporary loan.
Temporary loan.

Authorized.

Title of Loan.

1795, March 3..
1795, March 3..
1795, March 3..
1795, March 3..
1795, March 3..
1795, March 3..
1796, May 31...
1796, May 31.. .
1798, June30...
1798, July 16...
1803, Nov. 10...
1807, Feb. 11...
1807, Feb. 11...
1810, May 1. ...
1812, March 4..
1812, March 14.
1812, June30...
1812, July 6—
1813, Feb. 8....
89 1813, Feb. 25...
1813, Aug. 2....
1814, March 4..
1814, March 24.
1814, March 24.
1814, March 24.
1814, March 31.
1814, Nov. 15...
1814, Deo. 26...
1815, Jan. 9 ....
1815, Feb. 13...
1815, Feb. 24...
1815, Feb. 24—

Five-and-a-half per cent. S to c k Temporary loan (A).....................
Temporary loan (B).....................
Temporary loan (C).....................
Temporary loan of 1798...............
Four-and-a-half per cent, stock..
Temporary loan..........................
Six per cent, loan........................
Navy six per cent, stock.............
Eight per ct. loans of 1798 and 1800
Louisiana six per cent, stock......
Exchanged six per cent, stock...
Converted six per cent, stock---Six per cent, loan............... : .......
Six per cent, loan........................
Temporary loan..........................
Treasury notes............................
Exchanged six per cent, stock...
Sixteen-million loan....................
Treasury notes............................
Seven-and-a-half million loan---Treasury notes............................
Ten-million loan..........................
Six-million loan...........................
Undesignated loan......................
Mississippi stock.........................
Temporary loan..........................
Treasury notes...........................
Direct-tax loan...........................
Temporary loan..........................
Seven per cent, stocks................
Treasury notes

Title of Loan.

Authorized.

Title of Loan.

1815, Feb. 24__ Small treasury notes..................
1815, Feb. 24__ Treasury note stock....................
1815, March 3... Six per cent loan.......................
1815, March 3... Temporary loan.........................
1816, April 10 ... Jive per cent, loan....................
1820, May 15_ Six per cent, loan........................
_
1820, May 15__ Five per cent, loan......................
1821, March 3— Five per cent, loan....................
1822 April 20... Exchanged five per cent, stock1824, May 24__ Four-and-a-half per cent. loan...
1824, May 26_ Four-and-a-half per cent. loan...
_
1824, May 26_ Exchanged 41 per cent, stock----_
1825, March 3 ... Exchanged 4£ per cent, stock---1837, Oct. 12___Treasury notes of 1837 to 1845___
1841, July 21__ Loan of 1841..................................
1842, April 15— Loan of 1842................................
1843, March 3 ... Loan of 1843................................
1846, July 22_ Treasury notes.............................
_
1846, July 22.... Loan of 1846................................
1846, Aug. 10_ Mexican indemnity stock.............
_
1847, Jan. 28.... Loan of 1847................................
1847, Jan. 28----Treasury notes.............................
1847, Feb. 11_ Bounty land scrip.........................
_
1848, March 31.. Loan of 1848................................
1850, Sept. 9___Texas indemnity stock..................
1857, Dec. 23__ Treasury notes.............................
1858, June 14.... Loan of 1858...... .........................
1860, June 22_ Loan of 1860..................................
_
1860, Dec. 17_ Treasury notes..............................
_
1861, Feb. 8.......Loan of February, 1861.................
1861, March 2 ... Treasury notes............................

1861, March 2..
1861, July 17...
1861, July 17—
1861, July 17—
1862, Feb. 25...
1862, Feb. 25—
1862, Feb. 25—
1862, March 1..
1862, July 1 7 1863, March 3..
1863, March 3..
1863, March 3..
1863, Marcn 3..
1863, March 3..
1864, March 3..
1864, March 3..
1864, Juno 30...
1864, June 30...
1864, July 1. ...
1865, March 3..
1865, March 3..
1865, March 3..
1865, March 3..
1867, March 3..
1870, July 8....
1870, July 14...
1870, July 14...
1870, July 14..
1872, June8—
1878, Feb. 28..
89 1879. Feb. 26..

$650,000,000

Oregon war debt.........................
Loan of July and August, 1861...
Seven-thirties..............................
Old demand notes........................
Legal-tender notes......................
Temporary loan..........................
Five-twenties...............................
Certificates of indebtedness____
Fractional currency....................
Coin certificates..........................
Compound-interest notes............
Two-year notes...........................
Loan of 1863.................................
One-year notes............................
Ten-forties...................................
Five-twenties..............................
Seven-thirties of 1864 and 1865_
_
Five-twenties...............................
Navy-pension fund.....................
Consols of 1867.............................
Consols of 1865.............................
Five-twenties...............................
Consols of 1868...........................
Three per cent, certificates.........
Certificates of indebtedness........
Four per cents, of 1907................
Five per cents, of 1881.................
Four-and-a-half per cents, of 1891
Certificates of deposit.
Silver certificates.......
Refunding certificates

$600,000,000

$550,000,000

$500,000,000

$450,000,000
Redemptions.

n

&

ANNUAL ISSUES AND REDEMPTIONS OF GOVERNMENT LOANS.
Redemption*.

E X P L A N A T O E T.

TO ACCOMPANY
THE CHART OP ISSUES

bo n d s, g r e e n b a c k s , fr a c tio n a l c u r r e n c y , a n d a ll o th e r o b lig a tio n s

AND

o f th e U n ite d S tates.

REDEMPTIONS

P l a n o f C h a r t .— T h e h o r iz o n ta l lin e s re p re s e n t m o n e y
v a lu e s , a n d th e sp a c es b e tw e e n th e v e r tic a l lin e s , y e a rs , fro m 1777

1880 .

T h e b e g in n in g s o f t h e m o st s e v e r e fin a n cia l p a n ic s are

OF
U N IT ED STA T ES LOANS,
B Y Y EA RS.

in d ic a te d b y p e rp e n d ic u la r w a v e -lin e s , th e w a r p e rio d s b y b e lts
o f c lo s e h o riz o n ta l lin e s , a n d t h e d iffe re n t a d m in is tra tio n s b y th e
n am es o f th e P r e s id e n ts .

Issues.

Redemptions.

Year

Issues.

Redemptions.

Year

Issues.

Redemptions.

Year

Issues.

8350.000.

Redemptions.

000

TABHE

T lie Iss u e s a n d R e d e m p tio n s sh o w n on t h is C h a rt, in c lu d e

to

Year

$400,000,000

t

T h e lo c a tio n o f th e b la c k d o ts u p on

th e f u l l c o lo r lin e , c ro s s in g th e c h a rt fro m le f t to r ig h t , sh o w s
th e a m o u n ts is s u e d in e a c h y e a r , a n d th e lo ca tio n o f th o s e on th e
b r o k e n c o lo r lin e , th e re d e m p tio n s— th e c o lo r lin e s s im p ly s e r v in g

Year

1777 $
177H
1779
18
10

1777 to 1880.
Issues.
Redemptions.
181,500
544,500 S
181,500
726,0001

to c o n n e c t th e dots.

2,621
25,190

1,866,566
1801 l 233,568 l 2,302,079 1821
2,657,451
1802
3,615,086 1822
4,817
1.673.000
1803
497 • 4,721,419 1823
1804 11,250,848
3,219,898 1824
1,562,357
73,432
1805
140
4,002,379 1825
47,200
1806
93
2,972,272 1826
2,719,735
7,611,021 1827
129,200
1807
5,434,752
270,800
1808
8,866,268 1828
7,451,541 1829
571,609 $ 100,540 1809
96
1.213.000
146,069 1810
2,750,000
2,758,660 1830
8,313,372 1831
5,559,975
1,284,728 1811
2,785,
5,659,775 1832
5,332,102
812 15,583^103
4,047,851 1838
2,760,037 1813 29,053,583
7,284,777
7,574,628 1834
9,696,678
2,403,277 1814 26,673,533
5,479,763 1815 37,970,658
6,112,961 1835
5 747,761
508,066
2,465,482 1816 12,060,783 12,722,937 1836
8,092,316 30,787,537 1837
2,329,282 1817
105,217
25,301
7,947,745 1838
242,885
989,087 1818
1,766,635 1819
59,681
8,405,138 1839
5,813,748
3,240,804
3,756,824 1840
1,394,798 1820
1,860,522

4,740,133 $ 3,313,613 1841 5 13,659,317 $ 5,310,148 1861 i 43,881,486 I 18,737,000
7,796,982 1862 489,523,046 51,722,268
59,105
2,732,907 1842 14,851,153
333,012 1863 776,615,826 181,081,377
2,546
613,249 1843 12,479,708
8,462,882 1844
1,877,181 11,113,870 1864 ,128,924,142 432,838,014
8,855,370
5,609,926 14,658,757 1845
7,510,555 1865 ,474,865,827 603,437,452
1,539,352
344,404 1866 722,499,122 619,804,696
7,000,404 1846
5,562,672 1867 626,013,910 735,536,980
7,103,953 1847 29,182,804
5,961,349 1848 21,405,795 13,027,446 1868 599,271,268 692,547,686
11,073,278 1849 28,665,900 12,566,239 1869 262,275,635 253,224,718
148 12,422,713 1850
4,045,950
3,653,228 1870 285,474,496 284,204,132
229 10,654,857 1851
5,203,400
858,397 1871 268,768,523 517,240,468
110
2,149,329 1872 305,047,054 405,007,308
19,290,382 1852
46,300
16,350
6,426,823 1873 214,931,017 233,699.353
3,283,897 1853
2,424,253 1854
1,950 17,572,516 1874 439,272,535 422,065,060
+3,904,004 1855
800
6,662,791 1875 387,971,556 407,377,492
1856
200
3,614,680 1876 397,455,808 449,345,273
t .......
2,992,989
21,531 1857
3,900
3,276,103 1877 348,871,749 323,965,424
12,716,821
5,588,722 1858 23,717,300
7,505,346 1878 404,581,201 353,676,945
3,857,276 10,714,512 1859 28,287,500 14,685,128 1879 792,807,643 699,445,809
5,589,548
,750 1880 211,814,103 440,966,214
3,909,9481 1860 20,776,800 13,853,’

$300,000,000

8230.000.

000

Issues.
$ 200 , 0 0 0 ,0 00

6,159.53 repayments in 1836 on account of three per cent, stock,hasbeen deducted from the total amount of advances.

8150.000. 000

S160,000,(XK -

$ 100,000,000

$ 100 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 E lacc
H i w l ’s
W ar

/ith
Mexico,

$50,000,C

850.000. 000

ion*
Issues —

45 ’46 ’47 ’48

Washington.

Adams.

Jefferson.

Madison.

Monroe.

J. Q.
Adams.

Jackson.

Van
Buren. Harrison.
Tyler.

COPYRIGHT. 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

Polk.

’52 ’53 M ’55 56 ’57

’59I1S60)’61 ’62 ’63 ’64 ’65 ’

Taylor. Pierce. Buchanan.
Fillmore.

’67

Lincoln.
Johnson,

72

74 ’75 ’76 ’77 *78 ’9(1880)

Grant.

Hayes.

iF in s T - A - iis r o im

_ A _ ]sr:D

c o n v n iv r E i^ c E
*Xf
r
>
H
M

O
C

c

• $ 1,217,704,199.28

! i

ORDINARY RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES OF THE UNITED STATES.

1789.

1880.

(Based on tlie Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury.)

$1,050,000,000

$1,050,000,000

• 1,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$

$950,000,000

1 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
,

$950,000,000

•9 0 0 .0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 9 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$850,000,000

$850,000,000

$ 8 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 8 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$750,000,000

$ 7 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 7 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$650,000,000

$ 6 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 6 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

• 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$350,000,000
Ordinary Receipts.

$ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$200

3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Customs.
Ordinary Expenses.

Internal Revenue.

$100

$

100 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Interest.

),000,000

Ordinary Receipt.

Washington.

- Adams.

Jefferson.

Madison.

Monroe.

J. Q.
Adams.

Jackson.

Van
Buren. Harrison.
Tyler.

B a s e L in e

Polk.

Taylor. Pierce. Buchanan.
Fillmore.

Lincoln.

Grant.

Hayes.

Johnson.

B a s e Line.

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

r
►
H
M
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P late 8

ANALYSIS OF THE RECEIPTS OF THE UNITED STATES.

See Plate 80.

1

(Based on the Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury.)
I
O RD IN A R Y R E C E IP T S.

I8 1 U )- 1 1 ' 1 2

'1 3

' 1 4 ' 1 5 ' 1 6 ’ 1 7 ’ 1 8 ’ 1 9 ( l 8 2 t f ) ’ 2 1 ’ 2 2 ’ 2 3 ’2 4 ’2 5 ’ 2 6 ’ 2 7 ’ 2 8 ’ 2 9 ( t a d ) ’ 3 1 '3 2

3 9 f t 8 4 0 ') ’ 4 l l ’4 2

’3 3 ’3 4 ’ 3 5 '

’ 4 3 ’4 4 ’4 5 ’4 6 ’ 4 7

’ 4 8 ’4 9 ( 1 8 5 0 ') ’ 5 l | ’ 5 2 ' 5 3 ’ 5 4 ’ 5 5 ’ 5 6 ’ 5 7

’ 5 8 ’ 5 9 ( | l8 6 0 ) '6 1 ’ 6 2 ’ 6 3 ’ 0 4 ’ 6 5 ’ 6 6 ’ 6 7 ’ 6 8 '6 9 ( 1 8 7 0 ^ ’ 7 1 ’ 7 2

’7 3 ’7 4 ’7 5 ’7 6

’ 9 (1 ,8 8 0 )

(In neareat thousand* or dollars.)

I n te r e s t.
In te r n a l
Y e a r C u sto m s.
R evenue
1790 |
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
180b
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
18111
18211
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1&S1
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
183b
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1& 5 4
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
18(59
1870
18 7 1
1872
1873
1874
1875
1870
1877
1878
1870
1880

4 ,3 9 9
3 ,4 4 3
4 ,2 5 5
4 ,8 0 1
5 588
6 ,5 6 8
7 ,5 5 0
7 ,1 0 6
6 ,6 1 0
9 ,0 8 1
1 0 ,? 5 l
1 2 ,4 3 8
1 0 ,4 7 9
1 1 ,0 9 9
1 2 ,9 3 6
1 4 ,6 6 8
1 5 ,8 4 6
1 6 ,3 6 4
7^258
8 ,5 8 3
1 3 ,3 1 3
8 ,9 5 9
1 3 ,2 2 5
5 ,9 9 9
7^283
3 6 ,3 0 7
2 6 ,2 8 3
1 7 ,1 7 6
2 0 ,2 8 -1
1 5 ,0 0 6
1 3 ,0 0 4
1 7 ,5 9 0
1 9 ,0 8 6
1 7 ,8 7 b
2 0 ,0 9 9
23^341
1 9 ,7 1 2
23^206
2 2 ,6 8 2
2 1 ,9 2 2
2 4 ,2 2 4
2 8 ,4 6 5
2 9 ,0 3 3
1 6 ,2 1 5
1 9 ,3 9 1
2 3 ,4 1 0
li;i6 0
1 6 ,1 5 9
2 3 ,1 3 8
1 3 ,5 0 0
1 4 ,4 8 7
1 8 ,1 8 8
7 ,0 4 7
2 6 ,1 8 4
2 7 '5 2 8
2 6 ,7 1 3
2 3 ,7 4 b
3 1 ,7 5 7
2 8 ,3 4 7
3 9 ,6 6 9
4 9 ,0 1 8
4 7 ,3 3 9
5 8 ,9 3 2
6 4 ,2 2 4
5 3 '0 2 6
6 4 '0 2 3
6 3 ,8 7 6
4 l '7 9 0
4 9 '5 6 6
5 3 ,1 8 8
3 9 ,5 8 2
4 9 ,0 5 6
6 9 ,0 6 0
1 0 3 ,3 1 6
8 4 ,9 2 b
179^047
1 7 6 ,4 1 6
1 6 4 ,4 6 5
1 8 0 ,0 4 8
1 9 4 ,5 3 b
2 0 6 ,2 7 0
2 1 6 ,3 7 0
1 8 8 ,0 9 0
1 6 3 ,1 0 4
1 5 7 ,1 6 8
1 4 8 ,0 7 2
1 3 0 ,9 5 6
1 3 0 ,1 7 1
1 3 7 ,2 5 0
1 8 6 ,5 2 2

209
338
274
338
475
575
644
779
809
1 ,0 4 8
622
215
51
22
20
13
8
4
7
2
5
5
1 ,6 6 3
4 ’6 7 8
5 ,1 2 5
2 ,6 7 8
955
230
106
69
68
34
35
26
22
20
17
15
12
7
12
3
4
10

D ire c t
T ax.

P u b lic
L a n d s.

5
84
12
734
534
207
72
50
22
56
35
19
8
12
8
1
4
2 ,2 1 9
2 ,1 6 3
4 ,2 5 4
1 ,8 3 4
264
84
32
29
21
10
6

2
7
3

2
11
17
11
7

4
1

2

5

2

3
1
2 ....................
3

2
4
3

168
189
166
488
540
765
466
648
442
697
1 ,0 1 0
710
836
1 ,1 3 6
1 ,2 8 8
1 ,7 1 8
1 ,9 9 1
2 ,6 0 7
3 ,2 7 4
1 ,6 3 6
1 ,2 1 3
1 ,8 0 4
917
984
1 ,2 1 6
1 ,3 9 4
1 .4 9 6
1 ,0 1 8
1 ,5 1 7
2 ,3 2 9
3 ,2 1 1
2 ,6 2 3
3 ,9 6 b
4 ,8 5 8
1 4 ,7 5 8
2 4 ,8 7 7
6 ,7 7 6
3 ,7 3 1
7 ,3 6 2
3 ,4 1 2
1 ,3 1 6
l ’3 3 6
898
2 ,0 6 0
2 '0 7 7
2^694
2 ,4 9 b
3 ,3 2 9
1 ,6 8 9
1,KGC
2 ,3 5 2
2 '0 4 3
l'6 6 7
8 ,4 7 1
1 1 ,4 9 7
8 ’9 1 8
3 ,8 2 9
3 V 14
5

D iv i­
d e n d s.

8
39
303
160
160
81
80
71
71
89
40

202
525
675
1 ,0 0 0
105
298
350
350
368
403
420
455
490
490
490
490
475
234
506
293

1,757
1 ,7 9 5
1 ,4 8 5
476
1 ,2 0 1
1 ,9 7 5
4 ,2 0 0
1 ,7 8 6
766
229
580

3 7 ,6 4 1
1 0 9 ,7 4 1
2 0 9 ,4 6 4
3 0 9 ,2 2 7
2 6 6 ,0 2 b
1 9 1 ,0 8 6
1 5 8 ,3 5 6
1 8 4 ,9 0 0
1 4 3 ,0 9 6
1 3 0 ,6 4 2
1 1 3 ,7 2 9
315
1 0 2 ,4 1 0
1 1 0 ,0 0 7
1 1 6 ,7 0 1
94
1 1 8 ,6 3 0
1 1 0 ,5 8 2
1 1 3 ,5 6 2
1 2 4 , 0 0 9 ....................

i;7 7 9
871
152
168
58b
997
665
1 ,1 6 4
1 ,3 4 9
4 ,0 2 C
3 ,3 5 0
2 ,3 8 9
2 ,5 7 6
2 ,8 8 2
1 ,8 5 2
1 ,4 1 4
1 ,1 2 9
976
1 ,0 8 0
925
1 ,0 1 7 ....................

M is c e l­
la n eo u s .
10
10
21
53
28
1 ,1 6 9
'3 9 9
58
86
153
346
1 ,5 0 1
132
139
40
51
39
22
62
84
59
126
272
164
285
274
110
58
57
61
153
453
141
128
130
95
1 ,3 1 6
65
113
73
584
270
470
481
760
2 ,2 4 6
7 ,0 0 1
6 ,4 1 0
'9 8 0
2 ,5 0 7
1 ,0 0 4
452
286
1 ,0 7 5
361
290
221
613
2 ,0 6 4
l ’ l8 5
'4 6 4
988
1 ,1 0 5
'8 2 8
1 ,1 1 6
l'2 5 1
1 ,3 5 2
1 ,4 5 5
1 ,0 8 9
1 ,0 2 4
915
3 ,7 4 2
3 0 ,2 9 2
2 5 ,4 4 2
2 9 ,0 3 6
1 5 ,0 3 8
1 7 ,7 4 5
1 3 ,9 9 7
1 2 ,9 4 2
2 2 ,0 9 4
1 5 ,1 0 6
1 7 ,1 0 1
3 2 .5 7 5
1 5 ,4 3 2
2 4 ,0 7 1
3 0 ,4 3 7
1 5 ,6 1 5
2 0 ,5 8 6
2 1 ,9 7 9

P re­
m iu m s .

$80,000,000

T o ta l.
4 ,4 1 0
3 ,6 7 0
4 ,6 5 3
5 ,4 3 2
6 ,1 1 5
5
8^378
43
8 j6 8 9
7 ,9 0 0
79
7 ,5 4 7
1 0 ,8 4 9
1 2 ,9 3 5
10
1 4 ,9 9 6
1 1 ,0 6 4
1 1 ,8 2 6
1 3 ,5 6 1
1 5 ,5 6 0
1 6 ,3 9 8
1 7 ,0 0 1
7 ,7 7 3
9 ,3 8 4
1 4 , 4 2 3 ....................
9 ,8 0 1
- - - - - 1 4 ,3 4 0
1 1 ,1 8 2
32
1 5 ,6 9 7
12
69
1
4 7 ,6 7 7
3 3 ,0 9 9
268
2 1 ,5 8 5
2 4 , 6 0 3 ....................
1 7 ,8 4 1
40
1 4 ,5 7 3
2 0 ,2 3 2
2 0 ,5 4 1
1 9 ,3 8 1
2 1 ,8 4 1
2 5 ,2 6 0
2 2 ,9 6 6
2 4 ,7 0 4
2 4 ,8 2 8
2 4 ,8 4 4
2 8 ,5 2 7
3 1 ,8 6 7
a 3 ,9 4 8
2 1 ,7 9 2
3 5 ;4 3 0
5 0 ,8 2 7
2 4 ,9 5 4
2 fi SOS
81*483
1 9 ,4 8 0
1 6 ,8 6 0
1 9 ,9 7 6
8 ,2 3 1
2 9 ,3 2 1
2 9 ,9 7 0
2 9 ,7 0 0
2 6 ,4 6 7
3 5 ,6 9 9
3 0 ,7 2 1
4 3 ,5 9 3
52^555
4 9 ,8 4 7
6 1 ,5 8 7
7 3 ,8 0 0
6 5 ,3 5 1
7 4 ,0 5 7
6 8 '9 6 5
4 6 ,6 5 5
5 2 ,7 7 7
5 6 ,0 5 5
4 1 ,4 7 6
5 1 ,9 1 9
1 1 2 ,0 9 5
2 4 3 ,4 1 3
3 2 2 ,0 3 1
5 1 9 ,9 5 0
4 6 2 ,8 4 7
3 7 6 ,4 3 4
3 5 7 ,1 8 b
3 9 5 ,9 6 0
3 7 4 ,4 3 1
3 6 4 ,3 9 4
3 2 2 ,1 7 b
2 9 9 ,9 4 1
2 8 4 ,0 2 1
2 9 0 ,0 6 7
2 8 1 ,0 0 1
2 5 7 ,4 4 7
2 7 2 ,3 2 2
3 3 3 ,5 2 7

$ 7 5 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0

E X P LAN AT O R Y. —The irregular color lines, crossing
this chart from left to right, show the annual variations in
the several classes of receipts, from 1 7 8 9 to 1 8 8 0 .
To show the total receipts for 1 8 6 5 , on this scale, would
require a chart five feet high. Hence, all items above
$ 8 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 are shown on the chart of totals—
Plate 8 0 — the
scale of which is one-tenth of that used here. On the other
hand, the receipts from interest and dividends were too small
to be shown distinctly on this chart, as were those from
premiums prior to 1 8 5 9 .
The amounts for 1 8 4 3 are for six months only, as the begin­
ning of the fiscal year was then changed from January 1 to
July 1.

$70,000,000

$ 6 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$60,000,000

-War. o f
= 1812=

Ellack
Hawli’s

War
Civil War.

ElcmdazWar

WaiJ.

W.a riw ith

Mexico.
$ 5 5 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0

$50,000,000

$ 4 5 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0

$40,000,000
ee

n
$ 3 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$30,000,000

$ 2 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

WarZo F18 2
= zan i = :
_ ar_i ivitI :
\A

Black
H Lwk’s [ y|

W ar
with
Me~xico.

f^=£j |

Wa>l

lh<Creek}s.

=

Civil War.
Miscellaneous
$ 2 0 ,0 00 ,0 00

— — — ■

$ 1 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 1 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$

10, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

:iwith •
EEN prt nw.est’
Ordinary Receipts

-==lndi;

$ 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Customs —~
Internal Revenue
(begins 1792.)
Receipts^ Miscellaneous
from Pubfic Lands
(begins 17.96.)
Direct Tax
(begins 1800.)

1789to 1791 .’92 ’93 ’94 ’95 ’96 ’97 ’98 ,99(180(1) T " '3 '4 '5 '6 7 '8 ’9 (lSltyTl 72 78|74 75 70 77j78 790820)^1 ’22 ’23 ’24 ’25p20 ’27 ’28 ’29(1880)’31 ’32 ’33 ’34 ’35 ’36 ’871’38 ’39(,1840)*41 ’42 ’43 ’44 ’45 ’46 ’47 | ’49(jl850)’5l|’52 ’53 ’54 ’55 ’56 ’57 ’58|
Z
’48|
’59(l860)’6i[’62pC31’O ’G ’66 ’67
f 5

Washington.

Adams.

Jefferson,

Madison.

Monroe.

J , Q.
Adams.

Jackson.

Buren. Harrison. Polk.
Tyler.

CO PYRIG H T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

Taylor. Pierce. Buchanan.
Fillmore.

Lincoln.
Johnson.

71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 ’9 (p 0 )

Grant.

Hayes.

U P IU N T ^ Z N " O IE

LIQUORS.
s
REVEN U E PER

" 7- —

i

FERM EN TED

1880.
Ala.......... $ .058
Ariz.......... .476
Ark........... .095
Cal............ 1.825
Colo.......... .629
Conn......... .385
Dak........... .197
Del............ .321
Ela............ .458
Qa............. .132
Ida.......... . .615
Ill............. 6.610
Ind...... ..
2.924
Iowa......... .287
Kans......... .123
Ky............. 4.276
210
Me............ .030
Md............ 1.155
Mass......... 1.091
Minn____
.303
Miss.......... .039
Mo............ 1.320
Mont.........
.700
Nebr......... 1.863
Nev........... .700
N.II..........
.692
N.J........... .797
N.Mex....... .215
N.Y........... 1.449
N.C........... .350
Ohio.____ 4.556
Oreg. ......
.291
Pa............. .736
It. I............ .335
S.C............ .069
Tenn......... .536
Tex........... .063
Utah.........
.176
v t ............. .046
Va............
.239
Wash........
.240
W.Va........ .146
Wis........... 1.267
M
~!/o......... .591

Ppr Panlh hu Qtotae

^ ont.

/ ^ . W -----------/

CA PIT A
PROM SPIRITS AND

NB- \
ER

U AH i
T ,
'

•

/

THE CONSUMPTION OF DISTILLED AND FERMENTED LIQUORS, COMPARED.
1864-1880.

WYO.

7

LIQUORS,

J--------------COLO

I
j

~~h
i

KANS.

~

z

L . J "'

(Based on the Reports of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue.)
!

•"” ■

^

ark.

f

L
t

V
I

;—

--- •*!

t

ky

.

y\

TENN.

y—

i

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____

V

\

N'
’C

sc

Consumption of D IS T IL L E D SPIR IT S, per Capita.

\

(F iscal y e a r en d in g Ju n e SO.)
SCALE:

1 Gallon per Cap. 2

KEY.

(For both Maps.)
Under 10 cents per Capita.
$0.10 and under $0.25 .»
E X P LA N A T O R Y .—The Charts which compare the consumption of distilled and fer­
mented liquors, cover the period since the adoption of the present system of internal rev­
enue, in 1863.
The Commissioner states that the figures given for 1865 to 1868, inclusive, should not be
accepted as showing the actual consumption of distilled liquors for those years, but only
the quantities upon which the tax was paid. The large sales of illicit spirits during that
period were due, without doubt, to the heavy tax imposed.
The computation on distilled liquors is based on the domestic product only, the import
“ entered for consumption ” being so small as not to affect, materially, the result. It is es­
timated that about one-third of the domestic product of distilled spirits is used in the arts;
to offset this, the computation omits domestic wines, the use of which is estimated at
about one-third of the total consumption.

$0.25 „

„

$0.50 »

$0.50 „

„

$1.00

$1.00 „

„

$2.00 »

$2.00 ,,

«
«

$4.00

TOBACCO.
TOTAL
REVENUE
TER CAPITA,
FROM

TOBACCO,
SPIRITS,
AND
FERMENTED
LIQUORS.
1880.
Per
State. Capita

i in .. . .

»

m

Ala. .45 Mo... .10
Ariz. .27 Mont. -20
Ark.. .40Nebr. .12
Cal. . 8 Nev.. .19
Colo. -22|N.H.. .21
Conn -25 N.J. . 5
Dak.. .35 N.MexZH
Del. .11 N.Y.. - 7
Fla. -17 (N.C.. .14
Ga... .39 Ohio. . 2
Ida. .23 Oreg. .33
111... . 1 Pa.. . .15
Ind. . 6 R.I... 29
Iowa -31 S.C. . .44
Kans -37jTenn -28
Ky... . 3,Tex.. .42
L a ... .26 Utah. -38
Me... -43JVt. .. .41
Md.. . 9|Va... 4
Mass. ,16\Wash -34
Mich. -18[W.Va .30
Minn. .32[Wis.. 13
Miss. .461 Wyo. 24

i

\«

REVEN E PER
U
CAPITA,
FRO T B C ,
M O AC O
1880.
$ .028
Ariz.......... ' .166
Ark........... .052
Cal............ .808
Colo.......... .147
Conn......... .276
Dak..........
.080
Del............ 1.697
Fla............ .715
Ga............. .048
Ida........... .061
Ill.............. .809
Ind............ .167
Iowa......... .183
Kans......... .100
Ky............ 1.021
La............. .448
Me............
.080
Md............ 1.308
Mass......... .341
Mich.........
.683
Minn......... .138
Miss.......... .024
Mo............ 1.102
Mont..___ .095
Nebr......... .130
Nev........... .099
N.II........... .091
N.J........... 2.883
N.Mex___
.043
N.Y........... 1.527
N.C........... 1.313
Ohio.......... 1.010
.084
Oreft.........
Pa............. .775
It.I............ .221
S.C............ .035
Tenn......... .083
Tex........... .052
Utah.......... .042
Yt............. .069
Va............ 3.547
Wash.___ .053
W. Va....... .404
Wis______ .715
Wyo..........
.084

1825.

P R IC E -C H A R T OF C H E A P E S T G R A D E W H IS K E Y FOR 56 Y E A R S .

1880.

$1.50

SCALE.— Each space between the price lines represents five cents.

P late

7]N.Y...

6 Tnd. ..
5 N.J. ..
4 V a....
3
2

$0 00
08
10
1
1
12
12
15
18
22
22
26
28
29
38
44
47
55
56
62
64
66
66
68
68
78
78
80
80
93
1 17
1 43
15
1
1 66
1 98
1 99
2 02
2 42
2 46
2 69
2 98
3 09
3 68
3 79
6 30
5 57
7 42

(Fiscal y e a r end ing Juno 30.)

IN T E R N A L REV EN U E,
Per Capita, bv States,

46 Miss. .
45 A la ...
& ,S.C___
4 ‘ M e ....
c
42 T e x ...
4 V t.. ..
1
4( Ark...
3 Ga._..
1
38/Utah. .
37 Kans.36 N.Mex
35 Dak.._
31 Wash.S i Oreg..
32 Minn..
3 Iowa.1
3 W.Va.
C
2t R.I.. ..
2* Tenn.27 Ariz. .
26 La... .
25 Conn.24 Wyo. .
23 Ida. ..
22 Colo. .
2 N.II...
1
20 Mont. 19 N ev...
18 Mich..
17 Fla. ..
16 Mass..
15 P a . . ..
1 N.C. .4
13 W is..12 Nebr..
1 Del. ..
1
10 Mo....
9 Md. . .
8 Cal. ..

„
Consumption of F E R M E N T E D LIQUORS, per Capita

$4.00 and over

1

C O M M E R C E

IN T E R N A L REVENUE,

~
~

i
\

A ^JSTJD

8 2

__

I I I ' A U T I ^ S ICOMMERCE
F N- - N O E U T D

P late 83

ANALYSIS OF THE EXPENDITURES OF THE UNITED STATES..
(Based on the Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury.)

’15

’l l ’12 '13

O R D IN A R Y EXPEN D ITURES.

'18

19(1820^21

(In nearest thousands o f dollars.)

C
ivil a d
n
Y
ear. M e
isc l­
la e u
n o s.

rreol
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
IS-’O
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
182«
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835

W
ar.

1,084
4,673
511
750
1,379
802
1,259
1,140
1,039

633
1,101
I’l30
2,639
2,481
1,260
1,039
2,010
2,467

1,115
1,463
1,843
2,191
3,769
2,890
1,698
1,423
1,216
1,101
1,367
1,683
1,729
2,208
2,899
2,990
3,519
3,836
3,067
2,592
2,223
1,968
2,022
7,155
2,749
2,600
2,713
3,676
3,082
3,237
3,065
4,577
5,716
4,405
4,230

1,673
1,179
822
875
713
1,224
1,289
2,901
3,346
2,294
2,033
11,818
19,652
20,351
14,794
16,012
8,004
5,623
6,505
2,630
4,461
3,112
3,097
3,341
3,660
3,943
3,949
4,146
4,724
4,767
4,842
5,446
6,704
5,696
5,759

Navy.

61
411
275
383
1,381
2,858
3,449
2,111
916
1,215
1,190
1,598
1,650
1,722
1,884
2,428
1,654
1,966
3,959
6,447
7,311
8,660
3,908
3,315
2,954
3,848
4,388
3,319
2,224
2,504
2,905
3,049
4,219
4,264
3,919
3,309
3,239
3,856
3,956
3,901
3,956
3,865

13,683
6.647
9,893
6,132
7,161
12,897
6,182
5,726
8,917
6,114
7,095
5,995
6,001
8,802
6,491
6,610
8,397
6,776
3,728
al 84
3
2,909
3,203
1844
5,218
6,498
5,645
1845
5,746 6,297
5,912
6,455
184G 6,711
10,413
1847
6,886 a5,840 7,901
1848
5,651
27,688 9,408
9,787
1849 12,885
14,558
1850 16,044
9,687 7,905
12,162 8,881
1851 17,889
8,522 8,919
1852 17,504
9,910 11,068
1853 17,463
11,722 10,790
1854 26,672
14,648 13,327
1855 24,090
16,963 14,075
1856 31,79-4
19,159 12,652
1857 28,565
25,679 14,053
1858 26,400
23,155 14,691
1859 23,798
16,472 11,515
I860 27,978
23,002 12,387
1861 23,327
389,174 42,640
1802 21,386
1863 23.198 603.314 63,261
1864 27.572' 690.391 85,705
42,989 1,030,690 122,617
1806 40,613 283,155 43,286
95,224 31,034
1867 51.110
1868 53,010 123,247 25,776
78,502 20,001
1869 56,474
57,656 21,780
1870 53,237
35,800 19,431
1871 60,482
35,372 21,250
1872 60,985
46,323 23,526
1873 73.328
42,314 30,935
1874' 85.142
41,121 21,498
1875 71,071
1876 73,600
38,071 18,965
37,083 14,960
1877 58.927
32,154 17,365
1878! 53,178
40.426 15,125
1879 65.742
38,117 13,537
1880 54,714
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842

dn
P n n In ia s.
e sio s.

176
109
80
81
69
101
92
105
95
64
74
85
63
80
82
82
71
83
88
84
75
91
87
90
70
189
297
891
2,416
3,208
243
1,948
1,781
1,499
1,309
1,557
976
851
950
1,363
1,171
1,184
4,589
3,364
1,955
2,672
2,156
3,143
2,604
2,388
1,379
839
2,032
2,401
1,811
1,745
1,227
1,329
1,867
2,293
2,402
1,756
1,233
1,478
1,296
1,310
1,220
1,222
1,101
1,035
852
1,079
4,985
16,348
15,606
20,937!
23,782 ,
28,477
28,340
34,444
28,533
29,359
29,038
29,456
28,257
27,964
27,137
a5,121
56,777

T tal.
o

27
14
27
13
23
114
62
16
20
9
94
60
117
197
234
205
214
338
178
152
278
167
167
531
275
319
506
463
316
477
575
381
430
724
743
751
705
576
622
931
1,352
1,803
1,004
1 706
5,037
4,348
5,504
2,529
2,632
2,515
1,199
578
1,257
1,539
1,028
1,430
1,252
1,374
1,664
2,830
3,044
3,880
1,550
2,773
2,644
4,354
4,978
3,491
2.991
2,865
2,328
3,152
2,630
5,059
3,296
4,643
4,101
7,043
3,408
7,427
7,062
7,952
6,692
8,385
5,967
5,277
4,629
5,206
5,945

’23 ’24

’25

’26

’27 '28 '29(18300’31

'32

’34 ’35

'3 G

I’371’381\39(lSfO ’421’43 i ’441*451’4 6 1’47 ’48 WlSjoVsi 52
')’411

53

’54 55 ’56 57 ’58 '59<SC
jl 0)’611 ’62 ’63 ’64 ' i ’G
O’67 ’68 ’
—

72 73 71 75 7 6 1’77 78 ’9(1SS0) $ 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

P m m In re
re iu s te st.

1,920
5,896
1,749
3,545
4,363
2,551
2,836
4,652 ........
6,480
7,411
4,982
3,737
4,003
4,453
6,357
6,080
4,985
6,504
7,415
5,311
5,593
17,829
28,082
30,128
26,954
23,373
15,455
13,809
16,300 ______
13,135
10,723
9,828 ............
9,784
15,330 ______
11,490
13,062
12,653
13,296
12,641
13,230
13,864
16,516
22,714
18,425
17,515
30,868
37,243
33,850
26,497
24,140
26,197
24,361
11,257
20,650
21,895
18
26,418
53,802 ______
45,227
83
39,934
37,166
44,055
70
170
40,390
420
44,078
51,968 2,878
872
56,316
385
66,773
364
66,041
574
72,330
66,356 —
60,057 ______
62,616
456,380
694,005 ............
811,284
1,718
1,217,704
58
385,955
202,948 10,818
229,915 7,001
1,675
190,496
164,422 15,997
9,017
157 584
6,958
153,202
5,106
180,489
1,395
194,119
171,530 —
164,858
144,210 --- . . . .
134,463 . . . . . . . .
161,620
169,090 2,795

1,178
2'374
2,098
2^53
2,947
3,239
3,173
2,956
2,816
3,403
4^12
4,239
3,949
4,185
2,657
3,369
3,370
2,557
2,866
3,164
2,585
2,451
3,599
4,593
5,990
7,823
4,536
6,210
5,212
5,151
5,126
5,173
4,922
4,944
4,367
3,976
3,486
3,099
2,543
1,913
1,374
77S
304
202
58
15
400
175
285
774
524
1,833
1,040
843
1,119
2,391

3,566

$75,000,000

__
$ 7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

E X P LA N A T O R Y .—The irregular color lines, crossing
this chart from left to right, show the annual variations in
the several classes of expenditures, from 1789 to 1880.
To show the total expenditures for 1865, on this scale, would
require a chart nearly thirteen feet high. Hence, all items
above $80,000,000 are shown on the chart of totals—Plate 80—
the scale of which is one-tenth of that used here.
The amounts for 1843 are for six months only, as the begin­
ning of the fiscal year was then changed from January 1 to
July 1.

$65,000,000

$ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Pensions.

$55,000,000
Civil and Miscellaneous.

$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$45,000,000
_
-W a ro fl

P

Black
HSwll’s
W ar

:

and

:W a r with
theiCreeks.

$ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
; F oridaHWa

= Civil W . r =
Mexico,

3,782
3,697
4,000
3,666
3,071
2,314
1,954
1,593
1,652
2,638
3,144
4,034
13,190
24,730
53,685
77,395
133,068
143,782
140,424
130,694
129,235
125,577
117,358
104,751
107,120
103,094
100,243
9V,125
102,501
105,328
95,758

$35,000,000

$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

*

$25,000,000

$

2 0 , 00 0 ,0 0 0

$15,000,000

a Six m onths 01

Navy.

$ 10, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 10, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

.
$5,000,000
Ordinary Expenses
Civil and Miscellaneous
Interest
W ar
Pensions
In d ian s--------- Navy

Premiums.

i

•*

’9(1810),11 ’12 H
13

Washington.

Adams.

Jefferson.

Madison.

’1G

’18

’19(1820)’21

Monroe.

34 ’to

’28 «9(1S30)’31?82 ’33 ’34 ’

J. Q.
Adams.

Jackson.

’53

Van
Buren. Harrison.
Tyler.

Polk.

Taylor.
Fillmore

’54

’55

’56

’57

’58’

Pierce. Buchanan.

(63 2S4165 ’06 ’07 ’08 ’69 1870V71 72

Lincoln.
Johnson.

74

Grant.

75 ’76 ’77 ’78 ’9(1880)

Hayes

z m rAn r i
F
s . . s oE

c o m m er c e

ORDINARY RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES, PER CAPITA.
(Based on tlie Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury.)
1789 to 1791 '92. '93 •94 ’95 •90 '97 '98

’9(lSI0)’ll

•99(1S O n
C)

'1G •17 ’IS

’13 ’14

19(1820)’21 ’22 ’23 ’24 ’25 ’26

’27

’28

’29(1S3Q
)’31

’32

•33

•34 ’3 5 1

’42

’43 ’44 ’45

*46 ’ 47

’48 *49(1S50)’51

’ 52

’53

’56

•57 ’58

’59(1800)’61)’

’63 & ’65
4

$35

66 ’67 ’68

*

’71 ’72 ’73 ’74 75 ’76

78 ’9 S O
S)

$35

E X P L A N A T O R Y ,—The irregular color lines, crossing
this chart from left to right, show the variations in the ordi­
nary expenses and receipts of the United States, per capita,
by years, from 1789 to 1880, inclusive.
$30

$30

TABLE
OF R E C E IP T S
AND

$25

$20

W arw itl
Northwes-

$15

Receipts
Rece pti Exp’naea
Year. per Cap. j Exp'nses Year. per < per Cap. Year. Receipts Exp'nses Year. Receipts Exp'nses
per Cap.
per Cap.
per Cap.
V

1801 $ 2
1802 2
E X P E N D IT U R E S 1803 i
1804 1
P E R C A P IT A .
1805 2
1806 2
Y e a r I ^ eCflPta Exp'nses
2
per Cap. per Cap. 1807
1808 2
1809 1
1789 )
1 9 ' $42 $ 16 1810 1
70
1791 j
1811 1
1792
1812 1
1793
1813 1
1814 1
1794
1795
1815 1
1796
1816 5
1797
1817 3
1798
1818 2
1799
18111 2
1800
1820 1

36 $
65
89
96
18
42
48
50
10
29
93
27
81
37
87
53
73
36
62
85

1

1
2
8
3
3
2
1
1
1
1

90
66
68
73
02
94
75
95
05
73
75
33
55
70
22
71
74
51
73
35

1821 $
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840

1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
3
1
1
1

1

46
97
95
78
95
20
94
03
98
93
15
34
43
51
39
34
59
63

l

l
1
l
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1

8!i

1

14

07
96
92
41
03
13
07
09
01
02
04
21
62
28
18
02
37
10
59
41

1841 % 95 $
1842 1 11
1843 <2 ) 44
1844 1 52
1845 i 50
1846 1 44
1847 1 25
1848 1 63
1819 1 36
1850 i 88
1851 2 19
1852 2 O
C
1859 2 44
1854 2 79
1855 2 39
1856 2 63
1857 2 33
1858 1 56
18511 1 72
I860 1 78

1 48 1861 $
1 34 1862
60 1863
1 07 1864
1 10 1865
1 28 1866
2 54 1867
2 07 1868
1 77 1869
1 60 1870
1 83 1871
1 62 1872
1 72 1873
1 96 1874
2 06 1875
2 87 1876
2 28 1877
2 43 1878
2 IB 1879
1 91 1880

1
1
3
7
9
14
12
10
9
10
9
9
7
7
6
6
6
5
5
6

V9 $
58
35
14
26
65
78
18
46
26
48
01
78
04
49
46
09
43

47
64

1
13
20
23
35
10
5
6
5
4
3
3
4
4
3
3
3
2
3
3

$25

95
80
82
04
88
60
21
04
26
99
78
34
55
92
67
13
83
31

$20

War
ith

irviw.

Mexico
$15

37
$10

$10

Ordinary Receipts
$5

Ordinary Expenses

Ordinary Receipts
Ordinary Expenses

I N C R E A S E OF P O P U L A T I O N .
(Introduced here for Comparison w ith the Receipts and Expenses of the Government.)
Sim ha nTFu ns h e " " ~ i 9 S ™

^g4p25pac

’32 ’’33 " " *ac]r

55,000,000

55.000.

000

50.000.

000

Population
45.000.

000

40.000.

000

P late 8
4

COPYRIGHT. 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

*

D is ^s c
P i r j r E . - s i c o m m er c e
Ah t d

P late 85

UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE.
(Based on the Records of the Post Office Department.)

P O ST A L . S T A T I S T IC S F R O M 1 7 9 0 TO 1 8 8 0 .
Y ear
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1790
1797
1798
179?
1800
1801
1802
1 8 0 .:
1801
1805
1800
1807
180S
180?
1810
1811
1812
1813
1811
1815
1810
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1820
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
18 :3 3
1834
1835
1830
1837
1838
1839
1 8 (0
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1 8 (0
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1850
1857
1858
1859
I8 6 0
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
186H
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880

N o. o f
O ffices.

M ile a g e o!
R o u tes .

75

1 ,8 7 5

T o ta l
R evenue.
$

T o ta l
E x p e n d itu r e .

3 7 ,9 3 5

S a la r ie s o f
P o stm a ste rs.

$

$

3 2 ,1 4 0

8 ,1 9 8

’9 (isio^’i

’16 ’17 ’18 ’1d7T 20P21 ’22 ’23 ’21 ’25 ’26 ’27 ’28'29(ISS0)’31 ’32 ’33 '34 | | ’37 ’38 ’39(l«lft)’41 ’’42 | '’41 | M | | '’19(!S5»)’511’52 | ’54 | ’56 I’57 '58 ’50!1S6»)'61 ’’62 ’03 '’6 11 S ’66 ’07 I |
s
’35 ’36
’43
’(5 S ’47 ’-18
’53
’55
’O
’CS ’0!)(lS70)’711’721’73 | l’75 | ’7T 5 ’D O
’74
’78 T78 (llK )

T

o f M a ils .
$

2 2 ,0 8 1

$37,500,000
Total Expenditure.
453

1 3 ,2 0 7

1 6 0 ,0 2 0

1 1 7 ,8 9 3

3 0 ,2 7 2

7 5 ,3 5 9

903

2 0 ,8 1 7

2 8 0 ,8 0 4

2 1 3 ,9 9 4

6 9 ,2 4 3

1 2 8 ,6 4 4

$35,000,000

_BI3ck_
Hawk*.
1 ,5 5 8

3 1 ,0 7 0

4 2 1 ,3 7 3

3 7 7 ,3 6 7

1 1 1 ,5 5 2

3 0 ,4 0 6

5 5 1 ,6 8 4

4 9 5 ,9 6 9

1 4 9 ,4 3 8

4 3 ,7 4 8
4 8 ,6 7 3
5 2 ,0 8 9
5 9 ,4 7 3
6 7 ,5 8 6
7 2 ,4 9 2
7 8 ,8 0 8
8 2 ,7 6 3
8 4 ,8 6 0
8 4 ,8 6 0
9 4 ,0 5 2
9 4 ,0 5 2
1 0 5 ,3 3 0
1 0 5 ,3 3 6
1 1 5 ,0 0 0
1 1 5 ,1 7 6
1 1 5 ,4 8 6
1 0 4 ,4 6 6
1 1 9 ,9 1 6
1 1 9 ,9 1 6
1 1 3 ,7 7 4
1 1 8 ,2 6 4
1 4 1 ,2 4 2
1 3 4 ,8 1 8
1 3 3 ,9 9 9
1 5 5 ,7 3 9
1 5 5 ,0 2 6
1 4 9 ,7 3 2
1 4 2 ,2 9 5
1 4 4 ,6 8 7
1 4 3 ,9 4 0
1 5 2 ,8 6 5
1 5 3 ,8 1 8
1 6 3 ,2 0 8
1 6 3 ,7 0 3
1 7 8 ,6 7 2
1 9 6 ,2 9 0
2 1 4 ,2 8 4
2 1 7 ,7 4 3
2 1 9 ,9 3 5
2 2 7 ,9 0 8
2 3 9 .6 4 2
2 4 2 ,6 0 1
2 6 0 ,6 0 3
2 6 0 ,0 5 2
2 4 0 ,5 9 4
1 4 0 ,1 3 9
1 3 4 ,0 1 3
1 3 9 ,5 9 8
1 3 9 ,1 7 1
1 4 2 ,3 4 0
1 8 0 ,9 2 1
2 0 3 ,2 4 5
2 1 6 ,9 2 8
2 2 3 ,7 3 1
2 3 1 ,2 3 2
2 3 8 ,3 5 9
2 5 1 ,3 9 8
2 5 6 .2 1 0
2 6 9 ,0 9 7
2 7 7 ,8 7 3
2 8 1 ,7 9 8
2 9 2 ,8 2 0
3 0 1 ,9 6 6
3 1 6 ,7 1 1
3 4 3 ,8 8 8

1 ,0 4 3 ,0 6 5
9 6 1 ,7 8 2
1 ,0 0 3 ,9 7 3
1 ,1 3 0 ,2 3 5
1 ,2 0 4 ,7 3 7
1 ,1 1 1 ,9 2 7
1 ,0 5 9 ,0 8 7
1 ,1 1 7 ,4 9 0
1 ,1 3 0 ,1 1 5
1 ,1 9 7 ,7 5 8
1 ,3 0 6 ,5 2 5
1 ,4 4 7 ,7 0 3
1 ,5 2 4 ,6 3 3
1 ,6 5 9 ,9 1 5
1 ,7 0 7 ,4 1 8
1 ,8 5 0 ,5 8 3
1 ,9 9 7 ,8 1 1
2 ,2 5 8 ,5 7 0
2 ,6 1 7 ,0 1 1
2 ,8 2 3 ,7 4 9
2 ,9 9 3 ,3 5 6
3 ,4 0 8 ,3 2 3
4 ,2 3 6 ,7 7 9
4 ,2 3 8 ,7 3 3
4 ,4 8 4 ,6 5 7
4 ,5 4 3 ,5 2 2
4 ,4 0 7 , 7 2 6
4 ,5 4 6 , 8 4 9
4 ,2 9 6 , 2 2 5
4^237^288
4 ,2 8 9 ,8 4 1
3 ,4 8 7 , 1 9 9
3 ,9 5 5 , 8 9 3
4 ,3 7 1 , 0 7 7
4 ,9 0 5 , 1 7 6
5 ,5 5 2 ,9 7 1
6 ,7 2 7 , 8 6 7
6 ,9 2 5 ,9 7 1
5 ,9 4 0 ,7 2 5
6 ,9 5 5 , 5 8 6
7 ,3 4 2 ,1 3 6
7 ,6 2 0 ^ 8 2 2
8 ,0 5 3 ,9 5 2
8 ,1 8 6 , 7 9 3
8 ,6 6 8 , 4 8 4
8 ,5 1 8 , 0 6 7
8 ,3 4 9 , 2 9 6
8 ,2 9 9 * 8 2 1
1 1 ,1 6 3 ,7 9 0
1 2 ,4 3 8 ,2 5 4
1 4 ,5 5 6 ,1 5 9
14*386^986
1 5 ,2 3 7 ,0 2 7
1 6 , 2 9 2 ,6 0 1
1 8 ,3 4 4 ;5 1 1
1 9 ,7 7 2 ,2 2 1
2 0 ,0 3 7 ,0 4 5
2 1 ,9 1 5 ,4 2 6
2 2 ,9 9 6 ,7 4 2
2 6 ,4 7 7 ,0 7 2
2 6 ,7 9 1 ,3 6 0
2 7 ,8 9 5 ,9 0 8
2 7 ,4 6 8 ,3 2 3
2 9 ,2 7 7 ,5 1 7
3 0 ,0 4 1 ,9 8 3
3 3 ,3 1 5 ,4 7 9

7 4 8 ,1 2 1
8 0 4 ,4 2 2
9 1 6 ,5 1 5
1 ,0 3 5 ,8 3 2
1 ,1 1 7 ,8 6 1
1 ,1 6 0 ,9 2 6
1484*283
1 ,1 6 7 5 7 2
1 ,1 5 6 ,9 9 5
i;i8 8 ;0 1 9
1 ,2 2 9 ,0 4 3
1 ,3 6 6 4 1 2
1 ,4 6 8 ,9 5 9
1 ,6 8 9 ,9 4 5
1 ,7 8 2 ,1 3 2
1 ,9 3 2 ,7 0 8
1 ,9 3 6 ,1 2 2
2 ;2 6 6 ;i7 1
2 ,9 3 0 ,4 1 4
2 ,9 1 0 ,6 0 5
2 ,7 5 7 ,3 5 0
3 ,8 4 1 ,7 6 6
3 ,5 4 4 ,6 3 0
4 ,4 3 0 ,6 6 2
4 ,6 3 6 ,5 3 6
4 ,7 1 8 .2 3 6
4 4 9 9 ,5 2 8
5 ,6 7 4 ,7 5 2
4 374 754
4 ,2 9 6 ^ 5 1 3
4 ,3 2 0 ,7 3 2
4 ,0 8 4 ,2 9 7
3 ,9 7 9 ,5 7 0
4 ,3 2 6 ,8 5 0
4 ,4 7 9 ,0 4 9
5 ,2 1 2 ,9 5 3
6^ 278*402
7 ,1 0 8 ,4 5 9
7 ,9 8 2 ,9 5 7
8 ,5 7 7 ,4 2 4
9 ,9 6 8 ,3 4 2
1 0 ,4 0 5 ,2 8 6
1 1 ,5 0 8 ^ 0 5 8
12422470
1 5 ,7 5 4 ,0 9 3
1 9 ,1 7 0 .6 1 0
1 3 6 0 6 ,7 5 9
1 1 ,1 2 5 ,3 6 4
( 1 ,3 1 4 ,2 0 7
1 2 ,6 4 4 ,7 8 6
1 3 ,6 9 4 ,7 2 8
1 5 ,3 5 2 ,0 7 9
1 » ;2 3 5 ;4 8 3
2 2 ,7 3 0 ,5 9 3
2 3 ;6 9 8 (1 3 1
2 3 ,9 9 8 ,8 3 7
2 4 ,3 9 0 ,1 0 4
2 6 ,6 5 8 ,1 9 2
2 9 ^ 0 8 4 ,9 4 6
32426415
3 3 ,6 1 1 ,3 0 9
3 3 ,2 6 3 ,4 8 8
3 3 ,4 8 6 ,3 2 2
3 4 ,1 6 5 ,0 8 4
3 3 ,4 4 9 ,8 9 9
3 6 ,5 4 2 ,8 0 4

2 4 1 ,9 0 1
2 6 5 ,9 4 4
3 0 3 ,9 1 6
3 4 6 ,4 2 9
375*828
3 5 2 ,2 9 5
3 3 7 ,5 9 9
355*299
3 6 0 ,4 6 2
383*804
4 1 1 ,1 8 3
4 4 7 ,7 2 7
4 8 6 ,4 1 1
548^049
5 5 9 ,2 3 7
595^234
6 3 5 ,0 2 8
7 1 5 ,4 8 1
8 2 6 ,2 8 3
897417
9 4 5 ,4 1 8
8 1 2 ,8 0 3
891^852
933*948
9 8 0 ,0 0 0
1 ,0 2 8 ,9 2 5
1 ,0 1 8 ,6 4 5
1 ,1 4 7 ,2 5 6
1 ,4 2 6 ,3 9 4
1 ,3 5 8 ,3 1 6
1 ,4 0 9 ,8 7 5
1 ,0 4 2 ,0 7 9
1 ,0 6 0 ,2 2 8

4 8 7 ,7 7 9
5 2 1 ,9 7 0
5 8 9 ,1 8 9
6 6 4 ,6 1 1
7 1 7 ,8 8 1
7 8 2 ,4 2 5
8 1 5 ,6 8 1
788418
7 6 7 ,4 6 4
7 6 8 ,9 8 9
7 8 5 ,6 4 6
8 8 5 ,1 0 0
9 4 2 ,3 4 5
1 ,0 8 6 ,3 1 3
1 ,1 5 3 ,6 4 6
i;2 7 4 i0 0 9
1 ,2 5 2 ,2 2 6
1 ,4 8 2 ,5 0 7
1 ,8 9 4 ,6 3 8
1 ,9 2 5 ,5 4 4
1 ,7 1 9 ,0 0 7
1 ,6 3 8 ,0 5 2
1 ,9 9 6 ,7 2 7
3 4 3 1 ,3 0 8
3 ,2 8 5 ^ 6 2 2
3 ,2 9 6 ,8 7 6
3 ,1 5 9 ,3 7 5
3 ,0 8 7 ,7 9 6
2 ,9 4 7 ,3 1 9
2 ,9 3 8 ,5 5 1
2 ,9 0 5 ,5 0 4
2 ,7 1 6 ,6 7 3
2 ,4 7 6 ,4 5 5
2 ,3 9 4 * 7 0 3
2 * 5 7 7 ,4 0 7
2 ,9 6 5 ,7 8 6
3 ,5 3 8 ,0 6 4
4 ,2 2 5 ,3 1 1
4 ,9 0 6 ,3 0 8
5 ,4 0 1 ,3 8 2
6 ,0 7 6 ,3 3 5
6 ,7 6 5 ,6 3 9
7 ,2 3 9 ,3 3 3
8 ,2 4 6 ,0 5 4
7 ,1 5 7 ,6 2 9
8 ^ 8 0 8 ,7 1 0
5 ,3 0 9 ,4 5 4
5^853^834
5 ,7 4 0 ,5 7 6
5 ,8 1 8 ,4 6 9
6 ,2 4 6 ,8 8 4
7*030474
9 ,3 3 6 ,2 8 6
1 0 ,2 6 6 ,0 5 6
1 0 ^ 4 0 6 ,5 0 1
1 0 ,8 8 4 ,6 5 3
1 1 ,5 2 9 ,3 9 5
1 5 ,5 4 7 ,8 2 1
1 6 ,1 6 1 ,0 3 4
1 8 ,8 8 1 ,3 1 9
1 8 , 7 7 7 ,2 0 1
1 8 ,3 6 1 ,0 4 8
1 8 ,5 2 9 ,2 3 8
1 9 ; 2 6 2 ;4 2 1
2 0 ,0 1 2 ,8 7 2
2 2 ,2 5 5 ,9 8 4

Total Revenue.

3 2 7 ,9 6 6

3 ,0 0 0
3 ,2 0 0
3 ,4 5 9
3 ,0 1 8
4 ,0 0 0
4 ,5 0 0
4 ,6 5 0
4 ,7 0 9
4 ,0 4 3
5 ,1 8 2
5 .6 7 7
6 .1 5 0
7 ,0 0 3
7 ,5 3 0
8 ,0 0 4
8 ,4 5 0
8 ,6 8 6
9 ,2 0 5
1 0 ,1 2 7
1 0 ,6 9 3
1 0 ,7 7 0
1 1 ,0 9 1
1 1 ,7 6 7
1 2 ,5 1 9
1 2 ,7 8 0
1 3 ,4 6 8
1 3 ,7 7 8
1 3 ,7 3 3
1 3 ,8 1 4
1 4 ,1 0 3
1 4 ,1 8 3
1 4 ,6 0 1
1 5 ,1 4 6
1 6 ,1 5 9
1 6 ,7 4 9
1 8 ,4 1 7
1 9 ,7 9 6
2 0 ,9 0 1
2 2 ,3 2 0
2 3 ,5 4 8
2 4 ,4 1 0
2 5 ,5 6 5
2 6 ,5 8 6
2 7 ,9 7 7
2 8 ,5 3 9
2 8 ,4 9 8
2 8 ,5 8 6
2 8 ,8 7 5
2 9 ,0 4 7
2 8 ,8 7 8
2 0 ,5 5 0
23328
2 5 ,1 6 3
2 6 ,4 8 1
2 7 ,1 0 6
2 8 ,4 9 2
3 0 ,0 4 5
3 1 ,8 6 3
3 3 ,2 4 4
3 4 ,2 9 4
3 5 ,5 4 7
3 6 ,3 8 3
3 7 ,3 4 5
3 9 ,2 5 8
4 0 ,8 5 5
4 2 ,9 8 9

PE piY iL W aivE E —

- Wa

2 3 9 ,6 3 5

2 ,3 0 0

-Mexipan -

loridazVVa

$32,500,000

$30,000,000

1 ,3 2 0 ,9 2 1
1 ,5 4 9 ,3 7 6
1 ,7 8 1 ,6 8 6
1 ,2 9 6 ,7 6 5
1 ,4 0 6 ,4 7 7
1 ,7 0 7 ,7 0 8
2 ,1 3 5 ,3 3 5
2 ,1 0 2 ,8 9 1
2 ,2 8 5 ,6 1 0
2 ,3 5 5 ,0 1 6
2 ,4 5 3 ,9 0 1
2 ,5 5 2 ,8 6 8
2^514*157
2 ,3 4 0 ,7 6 7
2 ,8 7 6 ,9 8 3
3 ,1 7 4 ,3 2 6
3 ,3 8 3 ,3 8 2
3 ,4 5 4 ,6 7 7
4 ,0 3 3 ,7 2 8
4 .2 5 5 ,3 1 1
4 ,5 4 6 ^ 9 5 8
4 ,6 7 3 ,4 6 6
5 ,0 2 8 ^ 3 8 2
5 ,1 2 1 ,6 6 5
5^725*468
5 ,8 1 8 ,4 7 2
7 ,0 4 9 ,9 3 6
7 ,3 9 7 ,3 9 7
7 2 9 5 ,2 5 1
7 ,9 7 7 ^ 8 5 2
7 ,1 8 5 ,5 4 0
7 ,7 0 1 ,4 1 8

E X P L A N A T O R Y .—The irregular color lines, crossing
this chart from left to right, show the annual variations in
the total revenue, salaries of postmasters, transportation of
mails, and total expenditure from 1790 to 1880, inclusive.

$27,500,000

$25,000,000

$22,500,000
Transportation of Mails.

2 0 , 000,000

$

$17,500,000

$15,000,000

$12,500,000

$

10, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Salaries of Postmasters.

$7,500,000
-Blacl

-W a rq fl8 l2
~andW ar ~
~

JjsNorthwest

ZCivihW arr

^w ith th e^

I n d ia ns .

$5,000,000

$5,000,000

$2,500,000

$ 2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

Total Revenue. \
Total Expenditure.
Transportation o f Mails.
Salaries of Postmasters.

» *

:

;

i

* *

!
;89(179())gll^2_[Mj3_[9£[95^96j^9^^

Washington.

Adams.

['47 |'48 |'49(1850)'511»52^53 [’541/55j'56 |*571*58 f59(1^860)^ei^ggJ^ggj^adj^O^ggJ^gTj^gg^g^^

Jefferson.

Madison.

Monroe.

J. Q.
Adams.

Jackson.

]/an
Buren. Harrison.
Tyler.

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS,

Polk.

Taylor.
Fillmore.

Pierce. Buchanan.

Lincoln.
Johnson.

j*74 |«75176 1*77 |78-|,9(feS0)

Grant.

Hayes.

z u
f n

’89(n9QV91p92 ^93 ^oTpOSpOcT^OTpOsj^QCISOOVlp^’S [ M |’5 |*6 7

c o m m er c e

’8 ’9gsip/l 1| g[%
M 1311141’151’161^171’18[*19(lS2072ll,221’23[^241^25["^6 j*27[" 28(lSSO)^!!"821 ^ | ^ |
"35[^361’371^|,39(lS40),4l|M21"431’44[ T
451^461M7[’48|M
9QSSOySlI^31*531T
541’551"6C
|*571\581T
59(iSCOyClj^2[ "63[’C41"651"CC^G
?["68]"C C O irT
O lST /T ^|^3[^741*75[

2 d P e r io d .

1s t P e r io d .

C o l o n ia l

- A s o e _ _n d
^h t i
a h t
:

3d

5 t h P e r io d .

6th

7 t h P e r io d .

P e r io d .

8th

| "78I^ q SO
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9 t h P e r io d .

P e r io d .

R ATES OF L E T T E R POSTAGE.
35c

features o f the laws regulating domestic letter postage.
Each rate is slated in a brief note, located to correspond with
the scale o f the chart, w hile the color covers the entire ranee
o f single letter rates fo r the several periods.

35c

30c

30c

Over 400milesv25c

■Q : 5 0miles, 25c
ysj Q

25c

(O
C
O

Over 400 miles, 25c

25c

c
-0

a

■
O
L
.
.c
r>
!
C
O

=,
Colonial §
Rates.

150 to 4 0 miles, 18^c
0

1 0to 400miles. 18%c
5
2 0 to 250miles, 17c
0

9 to 150miles, 12>£c
0

■«

< 60to 100 miles, 10c
1
4
>

4 to 00 miles, 10c
0

J
3

10 c

"C
9 --------------

1

W
—1 30 to 60miles, 8c

8

Under 40miles, 8
c

£

1

7

&
•*

c
! Under 30miles, G

6

t
-g

1

S o ------------- cr

1

o
R

4

*2

s

1

3

C
O

1

£
W eight
1-20 oz.

Over 300 miles, 10c

<
fc
r

t

Under 30miles, 6c

e
1

Under 300miles, 5c

U
c
*:
t
a
>
T
3
6

«
C
___ e_
S

Over 3,000 miles, 10c

s
S

-

15c

.5

<
/
>
-o
«6

«s
c
n

5
^
©
£
C

0

“■

D
8
7
6

•

5c

I

£

5

1
s

M
f
c
£

|

<

<

<

i
<

o
< *3

3
"©
O

l

1

f
a

=
-D
©

"
D
C
*
*O
«
«
W
.
1
.
-S

w
®
e

1

i
t j

Pi

10 c

C
8
3

1

1
to
> 0
.T 0

i.
l

0
0

c

a

? Under 3 miles, 6c
0

i

-0
0

-5 .

%

7-

a.

0

cc

£

1

1

I®

<

E
(0

■
J

8

t
<
•
<

x
"5
t
o

2

3 to 8 miles, 10c
0
0

3 to 8 miles, 10c
0
0

«
©
3
2

i .
■0
>,
- © ________ £___________________________

O
a

3

■
-

1 _________

m

80 to 150miles, 12%
c

i

§
»

E
w
C>
/
V

~

o

l
0

£
Q
.
©

«

K
C
$

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

20c

5
?

2

_3
O
L
.
G

dollar for jj 1 0 to 200miles. 15o
5
5
every w
&
COmiles. ^

n
O

c

.5
■»

1

-0
0

1 0 to 300miles, 17c,
5

5 of a
-00

15c

•=
*2

___

300 to 500miles, 20c

260 to 350miles, 20c

20c

185!

350to 450miles, 22c

From June 1 1792, to July 1 1845, a single piece o f paper counted as a single letter, and each additional piece as an additional letter.
,
,

<
n

4

Anywhere in the United States, 3c

Under 3,000 miles, 3c

3

A fter July 1 1845, half an ounce, or any part thereof, counted as a single letter.
,

A package weighing 1oz. counted as 4 letters.

’25 ’20 ’S'TFispiusioTiM^^

Total Receipts from the Sale o f Stam ps and other
Expenses in Excess o f Receipts,

Postal Material, by States, 1880.
Rank

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22

State.

Amount.

Ala. ..
Vt. ...

:

$

Ala. . .28 Mo... 6
Ariz. .45 Mont. 42
A rk.. .34 Nebr. 25
Cal. . 9 Nev.. 40
Colo. .23 N.IL. .26
Conn. .13 N.J. . 12
Dak.. .37 JV.il/ex46
Del. ..41 N.Y.- 1
D. C...32 N.C.. 30
Fla. . .38[Ohio. 5
Ga... .21 Oreg. .36
Ida. ..47 Pa.. . 2
111.. . 3 R.I.-- .29
Ind. . .10 ^.C. . .33
Iowa. . 8[Tenn. .22
Kans. .14 Tex.. .15
Ky. ..19 Utah. .39
La... .24 Vt. . .27
Me... 18 V a... .20
Md... .16 Wash -43
Mass. 4 W.Va 35
Mich. . 7[Wis.. .11
Minn. .17 Wyo. .44
Miss. .31

sc a le

Rank

State.

Per
Cent.

:

Rank

$1,500,000

Del. ..
Me....
W is...
N .H ...

.7
.9
6.6
6.8
13.9
17.2
19.9
24.5
26.1
41.4
50.3
77.9

SCA

Per
Cent.

F

35 Iow a.
1.8
34 v t . . . .
4.7
33 Ind. ..
5.6
8.5
32 iMd. ..
31 Minn..
11.1
14.0
no D.C...
18.1
29 Mo....
19.9
88 Ohio..
20.5
27 W . Va.
22.1
26 Tenn..
25 K y....
24.1
32.4
24 S.C. ..
39.5
23 Kans..
22 G a....
44.7
21 V a....
45.7
20 Miss. .
48.7
55.1
19 Colo. .
18 La. ...
55.4
17 N.C...
59.6
16 Ala. ..
07.8
15 |Cal. ..
68.5
14 [Tex... 118.1
13 Fla. .. 121.2
12 Oreg.. 154.9
1 Nebr..
1
163.7
10 Wash.173.4
9 Dak...
174.4
8 Nev... 184.6
214.7
7 Utah..
6 A rk...
270.8
5 Mont. .
289.2
4 Wyo. . 329.4
3 Ida. ..
518.2
2 N.Mex
676.1
1 Ariz. . 1,086.6

State.

A
B
O
i)
E

20*

G
II
I
J
K
L

Ill.....

Mich..
Pa. ...
N .J ...

Conn..
N .Y ...

Mass,.
R.I__

le

R E C E IP T S

IN D E X ',
:

20 *
4ft*
w

K
SN
S7

mm
mim
m

CO*
8

i

mm ■
wmm

■m
■■ m

mm mm

In ExcesS o f Expenses.,

Ala. . .16 Mo... .29
Ariz. . 1 Mont. 5
Ark.. . 6 Nebr. .11
Cal. . .15 Nev.. 8
Colo. .19 N.IL. F
Conn. . I N.J. ..11
Dak.. 9 N.Mex 2
Del... .A N.Y.. J
D.C.. .30 N.C.. .17
Fla. ..13 Ohio. .88
Ga... .22 Oreg. .12
Ida. . . 3 Pa.. ,G
111.. .D R.I... L
Ind. . .33 s.c. .24
Iowa. .35 LTenn..26
Kans. .23 Tex.. .14
Ky. .25 Utah. 7
La. . .18 Vt. .. .34
Me... B Va. .21
Md. ..32 Wash -10
Mass. .K W.Va 27
Mich. E Wis.. C
Minn. .31 Wyo. 4
Miss. .20

U n d er 6% E x c e s s ........
6% a n d tin der 10%___
10% *i

n

20%___

20% .»

v

30%....

30% >i
"

..

60%_._

O ver 60%.....................
EXPEN SES
In Excess of Receipts^

U n d e r 10% E xcess----10%' an d u n d er 20%.__

20% ♦
»

60%__

50% w

..

100%..

10
0%..
400*

»»

..

200%._

Over 200%.......... ........... ..
000 *

$ 2, 000,000

$2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 3 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Pa.

$ 4 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 5 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

$

6, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S S O N S .

8 6

M

l a t e

m

P

Nebr..
La. ...
Colo..
Tenn..
21 Ga....
20 V a ....
19 K y . . . .
18 Me....
17 Minn..
16 Md.. .
15 Tex...
14 Kans..
13 Conn..
12 N.J. ..
11 Wis...
10 Ind. ..
9 Cal. ..
8 Iowa.7 Mich..
6 Mo....
5 Ohio..
4 Mass..
3 in___
2 Pa. ...
1 N.Y...

scale

$ 100,000
29,821
200,000
34,167
34,834
37,805
$300,000
51,064
59,652
80,628
$400,000
94,807
94,933
101,604
$5 00 ,00 0
108,104
138,791
176,861
194,076
208,528 wmm
213,977 mm m
219,276
252,215
261,511
274,949
276,996
308,276
319,748
338,751
343,817
377,450
407,279
495,737
511,110
514,390
534,645
591,283
593,928
610,955
686,232
704,931
814,929
924,432
967,575
1,048,423
1,143,471
1,323,256
2,193,586
2,260.308
2,683,244
2,981,703
6,200,335

Ida. .. $
N.Mex
Ariz. .
Wyo.
Wash.Mont..
D el...
Nev.. Utah..
Fla. ..
Dak...
Oreg..
W.Va.
A rk...
s.c. ..
D.C...
Miss. .
N.C—
N .H ...

—

Comparison of Receipts

Receipts in Excess o f Expenses,
by States, 1880.

by States, 1880.

Z i i r i s o E _ t 3 c o m m ek o e
F i s ^i r i !a t d
^
P
8 7

COINAGE OF THE UNITED STATES.
(Based on the Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury.)

G O LD C O IN A G E .
DoubleEagles.

Eagles.
$

HalfEagles.

1801
1808

iso:!

1804
1805

27,950
69,340
83,230
79,740
174.830
259,650

S I L V E R C O IN A G E .
QuarterEagles.

43,535
43,980
18,045
124,335
37,255
58,110

292,540
150,900
89,790
97,950

1796
1797
1798
1799
1800

ThreeDollars.

130,030
265,880
167,630
152.375
165,915

isos

1809
1810

Dollars.
$

2,408
2,148
1,535

1,200

497,905
290.435
477,140
77,270
3.175

1806
1807

1816
1817
1818
1819
\820

419.788
525.788
684,300
702,905
638,138

M I N O R C O IN A G E .

n,
'

HalfDimes.
$

2,214
2,526
2,755

1,474
63

2,176

30,349

652,899
779,887
847.100
1,752,477
1,471,583

16,120
6,500 .
11,085 .
I,
7.000 .

900 .

4,321
512
2,226

11.000

1,200

1841
1842
1843
1844
1845

656,310
1,089,070
2 , 506.240
1,250,610
736,530

655,
4,275,
4,—
2,743,

54,563'89,770 1,327,133
89,345
276,278

2,180
10,755
4,180
3,578

316

497,905
290,435
477,140
77,270
3,175

608,340
814,030
620,952
561,688
17,308

2,496
10,755
4,180
3,578

28,210
39,484
31,670
26,710
44,076

31,670
26,710

1,345,065
1,425,325

189,325
88,980

825,762
805,807

3,890
20,723

51,000

12,620
14,611

93|200
156,385

1,752,477
1,564,583

12,620
14,926

121,500
12.500
77.000
51.000

61.500
62,000

92,245
131,565
140,145
295,718
643,105

2,002,090
2,869,200
1,575,600
1,994,578
2,495,400

16,344
23,577
25,636
16,580
17,115

62,135
48.250
68.500
74,00(1
138.000

714,270
798,435
978,550
3,954,270
2,186,175

3,175,600
2,579,000
2,759,000
3,415,002
3,443,003

33,604
23,620
28,160
19,151
39,489

3,923,474
3,401,055
3,765,710
7,388,423
5,668,667

119.000
104,200
239,493
229,472
253,358

95,000
113,800
112,750
106,458
113,954

21,110
55,583
63,702
31.287
24,627

4,135,700
1,148,305
1,809,595
1,355,885
1,675,303

3,606,100
2,096,010
2,333,243
2,176,296
1,726,703

23,100
55,583
63,702
31,287
24,627

7,764,900
3,299,898
4,206,540
3,563,468
3,426,633

363.000
390,750
152.000
7,250
198.500

98.250
58.250
68.250
32.500
78,200

15,974
23,834
24,283
23,988
38,948

1,091,598
1,834,170
8,108,798
5,428,230
3,756,448

1,132,750
2,332,750
3,834,750
2,235,550
1,873,200

15,974 2,240,321
23,834 4,190,754
24,283 11,967,831
23,988 7,687,768
38,948 5,668,596

1,350
63,700
63,400
72,450
82.250

41,208
61,837
64,158
41,785
44,268

4,034,178
20/221,385
3,775,513
9,007,762
31,981,739

2,558,580
2,379,450
2,040,050
2,114,950
1,866,100

41,208 6,663,966
61,837 22,662,672
64,158 6,879.720
41,984 11,104,696
44,468 33,892,306

62,614,493
66,846,188
39,377,909
25.915,919
28,977,968

774,397
999,410
9,077,571
8,619,270
3,501,245

99,635
50,631
67,060
42,638
16,031

63,488,525
57,896,228
48,522,540
34,577,827
32,495,244

36,697,769
15,811,563
30,253,726
17,296,077
16,445,476

5,135*240
1,477,000
8,040,730
6,187,400
2,769,920

27,107
63,510
234,000
307,000
342,000

41,860,115
17,352,073
38,528,456
23,790,477
19,557,396

101,660
116,000
478,450
427,350
541,800

60,693,237
45,532,387
20.695,852
21,649,345
25,107,218

2,605,700
101,660
2,812,402
116,000
1,174,093
478,450
463,800
548,214
636,308 1,183,330

63,400,597
48,460,788
22,348,395
22,661,359
26,926,856

187,080
113,750
98,565
78,810
58,365 ..........

28,313,945
28,217,188
18,114,425
21,828,638
22,257,313

680,265
646,570 29,640,780
986,871 1,879,540 31,083,599
1,136,750 1,713,385 20,964,560
840,747 1,279,055 23,948,439
1,767,254
611,445 24,636,011

62,075
9,320
107,330
137,935
123,185

21,302,475 1,955,905
20,376,495 3,029,834
35,249,338 2,945,796
50,442,690 5,983,601
33,553,965 10,070,368

283,760
123,020
494,050
411,925
230,375

23,542,140
23,529,349
38,689,183
56,838,216
43,854,708

120,090
36,915
30,566
95,639
389,650

38,178,963
44,078,199
52,798,980
40,986,912
62,309,279

260,350
62,165
30,694
97,798
391,396

57,565,815
72,690,299
81,120,500
68,312,593
90,109,382

2.257.000
1.870.000
1.880.000
1.781.000
1.341.500

127.500
280.500
36.500
85.000
150,700

3,130
24,500
45,150
113,900
244,150

3,658,820
2,201,145
4,384,149
1,657,012

1,300
301,375
62.000
1,100
68,265
110,565
46,110 2,430,354 4,146,555
33,140 4.111.000 3.466.000
26.000 2,284,725
861,350

142,650
196,550
1,327,301
624.000
207.500

63.500 1.903.500 2,129,500
94,000
114,000
583.000
4.430.000 3,019,750
288,500 4.005.500 1.428.000
600,530 1.627.400
330,450

696.000
489.000
226.000
229,000

299.000
197.000
327.000
195.000
96.500

11
770
600
705
1,990

199
199
738

43,740

26,905
63,335
234,000
307,000
342,0^0

202
176

1,751,665
673,610
772,775
406,710
361,145

181,530 1,213,118 1,788,996
593,532
38,496
320,465
230,361
66,177
515,633
259,065
34,572
213,010
93,215
61,206
128,980

1861
1862
1863
1864
1865

59.316,420
36.247.500
20.387.720
21,465,640
24,879,600

552,050
972,990
126,580
85,800
93,750

452,590
3,287,160
117,010
51,500
86,075

15,521
18,216
338,440
17,355 3,208,123 1,799,259
1,950
117
62,475
6,750
16,470
23,185
10,065
7.225
30,503

559,900
959,650
1,750 1,785,425
31,400
983,630
23,170
483,985
32,900
553.100

771,550
730,938
113,965
22,493
27,650

167,300
158,405
34,071
14,037
17,160

139,350
117,628
8,223
4,519
4,880

1869
1870

27.494.900
27,925,400
17.705.800
21.270.500
22,018,480

376,100
51,150
155,500
209,850
89,130

300.750
154,475
153.750
228,925
94,625

12,090
7,875
14,700
7,575
10,605

58,550
579,525
57,000
897,450
54,800
946,750
231,350
561,675
588,308 1,009,375

9,713
18,175
37,475
23,138
23,048

21,065
13,670
73,315
23,905
98,185

10,733
435
24,290
528
48,223

10,708
222,472
419,040
497,256
889,560

14,396
152,752
175,443

37,980
41,400
16,440
7,950
18,257
2,804

11

$ 36,450
$105,930 535,600

618
680 $ 66,240
141 1,562,500
120 1,445,100
152 1,101,250
487,500
116

270,270
133,410
108,390
64,380

171,950
89,200
352,400
244,350
94,650

27,630
18,330
34,320
29,640
12,540

132,700
25,250
80
1,175

7,560

130
61
26

263,560
1,440
142

6,132,050
9,162,900
11,378,010

3,030
2,435

98,897
50,631
66,411
42,362
15,748

1,484,900
129,160
629,900
146.000
342,130

71,800
67,835

33,593
23,620
27,390
18,551
38,784

315
1,170

82,050 $185,022
63,025 659,905
785,251 342,000
20,130
365.000
4,170
117,500

30,277,560
14,056,300
28,038,880
16.236.720
15.458.800

9,972
55,096
174,362
458,516
623,950 $ 5,858

Total Gold.

2,110,679
3,024,342
1,741,381
2,306,876
3,155,620

77.135
52.250
48 500
63.500
141.000

1,000

$65,000,000

1,858)297
1,735,894

15,174
23,577
22,606
14,145
17,115

* 7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

1,018,977
915,510

1856
1857
1858
1859

53.400
72,575
39.063
516,150
2,250

242,940
258,615

2£ 576
607,784
1,070,455
1,140,000
501,681

3,890
20,723

10,000
44,000

42,000

$75,000,000

1,108,741
1,115,220
1,102,272
042,536
20,483

2,651,955
3,689,635
2,305,095
1,513,195 $491,214
1,257,090 171,465

4.0

510,956
516,076
370,699
371,828
333,239
801,084
1,044,596
982,055
884,753
1,155,869

4,393,280
2,811,060
2,522,530
2,305,760
1,487,010

6.0

13,628
31,423
25,203
12,845
13,483
5,260
9,652
13,090
8,002
15,660

169,600
140,750
15.000
62,600
47.500

657,929 1,242,771
1,112,961 1,486,493
977,150 1,199,775
1,438,930
2.853.500

74,758
58,343
87,118
100,341
149,389
471,319
597,449
684,300
707,376
638,774

143.000
214,250
403,400
290,300
230.500

3,940
1,030
2,525
323,920 $3,588,900
5,697,500
20

453,542
192,129
125,524
545,698
645,907
571,335

324,505
437,495
284,665
169,375
501,435

355,500
1,484,882
3.056.000
1.885.500
1.341.500

7,130
5.225
10,550
5,925
9,335

11,373 $
10,324
9,510
9,797
9,107
29,279

1,780
2,380
2,000
5,773
1,075

48,043 100
44.860.520
26.646.520
18,052.340
24,636,820

122,975
73.063
74,125
105,863
35,138

370,684 $
79,078
12,591
330,291
423,515
224,296

3,480
7,272
11,090
2,229
14,585

1851
1852
1853
1854
1855

75
125,460

3,867,338
3,283,828
3,519,615
1,806,398
600.700

71,485 S
102,728
103,423
205,610
213,285
317,760

72
490
5,277
4,072

118,651

54,213
16,020
4,450

* 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Total.

422,570
423,310
258,378
258,643
170,368

173,000
184,618
165,100
20.000
24.500

279,273
482,060
98,613
I I I , 148 $ 936,789
511,301
895,548

2,736,155
5,401,685
1,863,560
1,184,645
860,160

Minor.

94,259

90,294
36,000
31,861

118.000
63,100
208,000
122,787
153,332

1,000

Silver.

Gold.

13,628
34,351
24,714
7,568
9,411

5,001

99.500
80,000
39.000
71.500
488.000

.

1,369,965;112.700
137,310 170,660 •
153,563 -

a

HalfCeuis.

42,150

2,936,830
2.398.500
2.603.000
3.206.002
2.676.003

10.400 .
293.425 .
328,505 .

158,625
243,700
237,525
809,780
203,655

T O T A L C O IN A G E .

Cents.

$ 10,660 $ 713 $
577
9,747
535
8,975
9,797
61
9,046
28,222 1,058

6,518

25,500

300 .

2,765,
1,035,
1,600,
802,
1,048,

163,250
254 600
204.650
383.480
599,840

Two-

"M7l

2,002,090
2,746,700
1,537,600
1,856,078
2.382.400

350 .

II,

72.000
382.480
473,380

20,919,240
19.798.500
34.765.500
48.283.900
32,748,140

Three-

16,500

1,1

3,273,100
1,814,910
1.773.000
300 1,717,281
61,005 1,145,054

8,508 *
II,

1836
1837
1838
1839
1840

1871
1872
1873
1874
1875

FiveCents.

3,464
1,098
3.304
827
12,078

51,531
55,161

ThreeCents.

17,308

702,'
787,
968,
3,660,
1,857,

1,018,750
1846
14,337,640
1847
1,813,340
1848
6,775,180
1849
1850 $26,225,220 3,489,510

15,145
14,945
15,858
78,260
105,861

23,575
607,784
980,161
1.104.000
375,561

90,345
124,565
140,145
287,210
631,755

1831
1832
1833
1834
1835

Quarter- Twenty
Dollars. Cents.

601,822
814,030
620,952
519,538

173,205
88,980
72.425
86,700
145,300

1827
1828
1829
1830

4,040
17,030
6,775

242,940
258,615
1,319,030

1821
1822
1823
1824
1825

H alfDollars.

204,791 6 161,572
1— $
72,920
7,776
327.536
423,515
220,920
54,454
41,650
66,064
19,570
321

6,530
1,058
8,318
4,453

320.465
420.465
277,890
169.375
601.435

1811
1812
1813
1814
1815

TradeDoliars.

61,330
34,615
22,890
22,105
6,170

648
277
283

19,126,503
28,549,935
28,290,826
27,227,883
27,409,707

*6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$55,000,000

*5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$45,000,000

* 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$35,000,000

*3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Total Silver.

$25,000,000

* 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

T h e U n i t e d S t a t e s M in t w a s o r g a n iz e d in 1793, a n d t h e fir s t r e p o r t in c lu d e d t h e c o in a g e o f t h e y e a r s 1793, 1794 a n d 1795.

(Double-Eagles.)

$15,000,000

$15,000,000

* 10,000,000

* 10,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$5,000,000
Total Coinage

$5,000,000

,

Total Sil
Total Gold Total Minor

otal Minor.

Washington.

Adams.

J efferso n .

Madison.

Monroe.

J. Q
.
Adams.

Jackson.

Van
Buren. Harrison.
Tyler.

Taylor. Pierce. Buchanan.
Fillmore.

l a t e

Total Coinage.

Johnson.

l T U T A 3 T I
E C S _ _ N OE

COMMERCE

1877,*99,746,850

P
l a t e

8 8

Z X s ^ . s o E ^ s i o m m er c e
F n r kn r i ! n rc
D
P
l a t e

8 9

BANKING IN THE UNITED STATES.
(B a se d on th e R e p o rts o f th e C o m p tro lle r o f th e C u r re n cy , e x c e p t as o th e rw ise n oted .)

Loans

$ 100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$950,000,000

$ 9 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$850,000,000

$ 8 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$750,000,000

$ 7 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$650,000,000

$ 6 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$550,000,000

$ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Capital

$450,000,000

$ 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$350,000,000
Circulation
$ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$250,000,000

$ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$150,000,000
Specie
$ 100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$50,000,000

$50,000,000

Specie
Capital
Circulation

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S S O N S .

IFXiN'^k.IN'OE! -A_EsTH C O M M E R C E
)

CLEARING HOUSE TRANSACTIONS, BUSINESS FAILURES, &c.
Bank Capital and Deposits, June, 1880.
B anks .
Class.

Capital.
Number.

29
Savings Banks, with capital.........
State Banks, private bankers, etc. 3,798
2,076
629
Savings Banks, without capital...
Total Banks.................................. 6,532

Deposits.

sc a le

:

$40,000,000
80 130 too $ 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

—
■■■■■
$ 4,000,000 $ 34,600,000
190.100.000 501.500.000
455.900.000 900.800.000
783,000,000
650,000,000 2,219,900,000

$ 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 8 0 0 ;0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$

1 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
,

$ ,2 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$J,4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$
$1,600,000 0 0 0

j4|’55|’56|,57|’58i,59(1860)’0l!’02l’(i3|,64i’65j’6c|’07|’08|’(i9(!is;())'7l|’72|,73|’74|’75l’70!,77l’78|’9(i880:

$450,000,000

$450,000,000

$ 6 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$3.30

1854 to 1880.

$350,000,000

R E L A T I V E V A L U E S OF

Exchanges

(Specie Payment Suspended In 1862,
and Resumed in 1879.)

$ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$32,500,000,000

E x p la n a to ry .—
The color lines cross­
ing this chart show the annual variations
in exchanges, balances, and capital, from
the organization of the Clearing House
to 1880.

$250,000,000

$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$2.40

$ 2 0 0 , 000,000

$ 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$27,500,000,000

$37,500,000,000

$2.20
$150,000,000

$150,000,000

$ 2 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 2 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 2.00

$

100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$100 ,00 0,000

•

$50,000,000

=3053 E

$22,500,000,000

Currency.

Year

$2.60

Lowest. Highest. Lowest. Highest.

1862 $ i
1863 1
1864 1
1865 1
1866 1
1867 1
1868 1
1869 1
1870 1
1871 1
1872 1
1873 1
1874 1
1875 1
1876 1
1877 1
1878 1
1879 1
1889 1

OH $1 34

m

5H
28*
25(
32*
32
19*
10
08*
08*
06*
09
in

07
02*
00
00
00

1 72*
2 85
2 34*
1 67*
1 46f
1 50
1 62*
1 23*
1 15*
1 15*
1 19*
1 14*
1 17*
1 15
1 07*
1 02*
1 00
1 00

$0 746 $0 989
579
819
351
660
427
779
596
799
683
757
667
757
615
837
811
909
922
867
865
921
839
942
874
918
850
894
869
935
927
975
972 1 000
000 1 000
1 000 1 000

$2.40

$ 2.20

1

$ 2,00

$33,500,000,000
$1.80

$1.60

$ 20 , 0 0 0 , 000,000

$ 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$17,500,000,000

$17,500,000,000
Year

1854
1855
1856
1857
1856

$1 5,000,000,000

1859

1860
1861
186*2
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880

$12,500,000,000

$

$1.80

$1.60

;

Liabilities

$50,000,000

$2,80
Table o f Lowest and Highest Prices of
Gold and Currency, from New
York Quotations.

$33,500,000,000

$2,60
$850,000,000

$3.00

$ 3 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 3 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$2.80

$ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
Liabilities

$3.20

1862 to 1880.

$37,500,000,000
$3.00

$350,000,000

$ 2 , 2 0 0 ,000,000

COLD AND CURRENCY,

$37,500,000,000

$ 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 2 , 0 0 0 , 000,000

,68l’69yl870)-7l|’72)’7 3 !’74 ’75j’76 ’77

T R A N SA C T IO N S O FT H E NEW YORK CLEARING HOUSE,
$ 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$1,800,000,000

10, 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$7,500,000,000

No. of
Banks

a Capital.

Exchanges.

Balances Paid in
Money.

$47,044,900 $ 5,750,455,987 $ 297,411,494
48,884,180 5,362,912,098
289,694,137
334,714,489
52,883,700 6,906,213,328
365,313,902
64.420.200 8,333,226.718
314,238,911
67,146,018 4,756,664,386
363,984,683
67,921,714
6,448,005,956
69,907,435
7,231,143,057
380,693.438
353,383,944
68,900,605
5,915,742,758
6,871,443.591
415,530,331
68,375,820
677,626,483
68,972,508 14.867,597,849
885,719,205
68,586,763 24,097,196,656
80,363,013 26,032,384.342 1.035.765.108
82.370.200 28,717,146,914 1,066,135.106
81.770.200 28,675,159,472 1,144,963,451
82.270.200 28,484,288,637 1,125,455,237
82.720.200 37,407,028,987 1,120,318,308
83.620.200 27,804,539,406 1,036,484,822
84.420.200 29,300,986,682 1,209,721,029
84.420.200 32,636,997,404 1,213,293,827
as,370,200 33,972,773,943 1.152.372.108
971,231,281
81.635.200 20,850,681,963
80.435.200 23,042,276, a58 1,104,346,845
81.731.200 19.874,815,361 1,009,532,037
71.085.200 20,876,555,937 1,015,256,483
951,970,454
63,611,500 19,922,733,947
60.800.200 24,553,196,689 1,321,119,298
60,475,200 37,182,128,621 1,516,538,631

$1.40
Highest Price
$15,000 ,0 00,00 0
$ 1.20

$ 1.20

$12,500,000,000
Lowest Price
$1.00 (Par;
Highest Price

$

$I.OO(Par)

10, 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

80c.

80c.

Lowest Price

$7,500,000,000

a. The capital is for various dates, the amount at a
uniform date in each year not being obtainable.

60c.

Exchanges
CiviRW ar.pE

$ 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

40o.

$2,500,000,000

$3,500,000,000

’54 ’55 '50

’57

58 ’5i 1860/01 62 ’63 ’64 ‘65 ’66 ’67 ’08

^ rri ’72
lsro

’73

'4 ’75 ’70 ’77 ’78 TKJ88#;

Capital

l a t e

Balances
Capital

20o.

P

Balances

9 0

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S S O N S .

I I N ^ N CE
F U T U T Ij ^JSTJD c o m m e r c e
P late

EXPORTS.

91

UNITED STATES

(Based on the Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury.)

T A B L E OF EXPORTS.

Fiscal
Year.
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1821)
1S30
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
I860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
18V0
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880

M
erchandise.

Coin and
Bullion.

__ __
$54 496,323 § 10,478,059
61 350,101 10,810,180
68 326,043
6,372,987
68 972,105
7,014,552
90 738,333
8,797,005
72 890,759
4,704,563
74 309,947
8,014,880
64 021,210
8,243,476
67 434,651
4,924,020
2,178,773
71 670,735
72 295,652
9,014,931
81 520,603
5,656,340
87 528,732
2.611,701
102 260,215
2,076,758
115 215,802
6,477,775
124 338,704
4,324,336
111 443,127
5,976,249
104 978,570
3,508,046
112 251,673
8,776,748
123 668,932
8,417.014
111 817,471 10,034,332
99 877,995
4,813,539
82 825,689
1,520,791
105 745,832
5,454,214
106 040,111
8,606,495
109 583,248
3,905,268
156 741,598
1,907,024
138 190,515 15,841,616
140 351,172
5,404,648
144 375,726
7,522,994
188 915,259 29,472,752
166 984.231 42,674,135
203 489,282 27,486,875
236 959,560 41,281,504
218 909,503 56,247,343
281 219,423 45,745,485
293 823,760 69,136,922
272 011,274 52,633,147
292 902,051 63,887,411
333 576,057 66.546,239
219 553,833 29,791,080
190 670,501 36.887,640
203 964,447 64.156,611
158 837,988 105,396,541
166 029,303 67.643.226
348 859,522 86,044,071
294 506,141 60,868,372
281 952.899 93,784,102
286 117,697 57,138,‘480
392 771,768 58,155,666
442 820,178 98,441,988
444 177,586 79.877,534
522 479,922 84,608,574
586 283,040 66,630,405
513 442,711 92,132,142
540 384,671 56,506,302
602 475,220 56,162,237
694 865,766 33,740,125
710 439,441 24,997,441
835 638,658 17,142,919

Total.

$ 9 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Total
Foreign.

Total
Domestic.

539 156 § 19,666,000
§20,205,156 §
19,012,041
512’041 18,500,000
20,753,091'
19,000 000
26,109,572
24,000,000
6 526 233 26,500 000
33^026^233
8,489,472 39,500,000
47,989,472
67,064,097 26 300,000 40,764,097
56^850^206
61*527,097
78,665,522
70,971,780 39,130,877 31,840,903
94’ 115/925
72,483,160
55,800,033
42,205,961
77,699,074
41,467,477
95,'566,021 53,179 019 42,387,002
101,536,963 60,283 236 41.253,727
108,343,150
22,430,960
31 405 702
52,203,233
66^757^970 24,391,295 42,366,675
61,316 833
8 495,127 30,032,109
38,527,236
2 847,845 25,008,152
27,855,997
6’927,441
6,782,272
145,169
52,557,753
6,583,350 4 5 ,9 7 4 ,4 0 3
81^920^452
68 313 500
88,171,569
73 854,437
93,281,133
70,142,521 19,165.683 50,976,838
69,691,669 18,008,02£ 51,683,640
64,974,382 21,302^488 43,671.894
72,160,281 22,286,202 49,874,079
74,699,036 27,543,622 47,155,408
75,986,657 25,337,157 50.649,500
99,535,388 32,590,643 66,944,745
77,595,322 24,539,612 53,055,710
82,324,887 23,403,136 58,921,691
72,264,686 21,595,017 50,669.669
72,358,371 16,658,478 55,700.193
73,849,508 14,387,479 59,462,029
81,310,583 20,033,526 61.277,057
87,176,943 24,039,473 63,137,470
90,140,433 19,822,735 70,317.698
104,336,973 23,312,811 81,024,162
121,693,577 20,504,495 101,189,082
128,663,040 21,746,360 106,916,680
117,419,376 21,854,962 95,564,414
108,486,616 12,452,795 96,033,821
121,028,416 17,494,525 103,533,891
132,085,946 18,190,312 113,895,634
121,851,803 15,469,081 106,382,722
104,691,534 11,721,538 92,969,996
84,346,486
6,552,697 77,793,783
111,200,046 11,484,867 99,715,179
114,646,606 15,346,830 99,299,776
113,488,516 11,346,623 102,141,893
158,648,622
8.011,158 150,637,464
154,032,131 21,128,010 132,904,121
145,755,820 13,088,865 132,666,955
151,898,720 14,951,808 136,946,912
218,388,011 21,698,293 196,689,718
209,658,366 17,289,382 192,368,984
230,976,157 17,658,460 213,417,697
278,241,064 24,850,194 253,390,870
275,156,846 28,448,293 246,708,553
326.9G4.908 16,378,578 310,586,330
362,960,682 23.975,617 338,985,065
324,644,421 30.886,142 293,758,279
356,789,462 20,895,077 335,894,385
400,122,296 26,933,022 373,189,274
249,344,913 20,645,427 228,699,486
227,558,141 16,869,466 210,688,675
268,121,058 26,123,584 241,997,474
264,234,529 20.256,940 243,977,589
233,672.529 32,114,157 201,558,372
434,903,593 14,742,117 420,161,476
355,374,513 20,611,508 334,763,005
375,737,001 22,601,126 353,135,875
343,256,077 25,173,414 318,082,663
450,927,434 30,427,159 420,500,275
541.262,166 28,459,899 512,802,267
524,055,120 22,769,749 501,285,371
607,088,496 28,149,511 578,938,985
652,913,445 23,780,338 629,133,107
605,574,853 22,433,624 583,141,229
596,890,973 21,270,035 575,620,938
658,637,457 25,832,495 632,804,962
728,605.891 20.834.738 707,771,153
735,436,882 19,541,057 715,895,825
852,781,577 19,487.331 833,294,246

Total Export.
§850,000,000

Merchandise.
Domestic Export.

$ 8 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

§750,000,000

$ 7 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

§650,000,000

$ 6 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

§550,000,000

$ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

§450,000,000

$ 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$350,000,000

$ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

§250,000,000

$

$150,000,000

$

§150,000,000

100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$50,000,000

Total Export
Domestic Export
Foreign Export

2 0 0 , 000,000

$

£

§50,000,000
_•- - £ . ~

Foreign Export,
Specie.

:S
>
89(1790),91 ’92 ’93 ’ 94 ’95 ’96 ’971*98 ’99(1S00) ’1 ’2 ’3 ’4 ’5 ’ G 7

Washington.

100 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Adams.

Jefferson.

’8 ’9 (ISlO)’ l l ’ 12 ’ 13 ’ 14 ’ 15 ’ 1G ’ 17l’ 18j’ 19(lS20)’21 ’22 ’23 ’24 *25 ’20 ’27 ’28

Madison.

Monroe.

J. Q.
Adams.

Jackson.

Buren. Harrison.

Polk.

Taylor.
Fillmore.

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S.

Pierce. Buchanan.

-FinNT^ziNroim

gouveimiieirgie

ANALYSIS OF EXPORTS AND IMPORTS, 1880.
(Based on the Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury.)

Imports and Domestic Exports of Merchandise, by
Continents, 1880,
Imports.

I

Exports.

Continent.
1m

i '

Enron*
_______________________ *370.821.7821*713.867.817
130,077,225
64,116,238
N ortfi A m erica ......................................
Asia and O cean ica...............................
A ll m inor parts o f the w o r ld .............

74,536,0491
3,363,120
7,029,6481

18,283,705
4,366,823
626,167

Imports and Domestic Exports o f Merchandise, by
Countries, 1880.
Imports.

Exports.

Country.

T otal — Great Britain and her poss.
Great Britain and Ireland...............
E ngland................................................
Irela n d ................... , ............................
S cotla n d ...............................................
C anada.................................................
British W est Indies...................... .
British possessions in Australasia.
H ong K on g..........................................
G ibraltar............................- ................
British possessions in A frica ..........
British East Indies............................
British G uinea....................................
N ew foundland and L abrador.......
All other British possessions.........
T otal — France ana her possessions
F rance..................................................
All other French possessions.........
G erm any..................................................
B elgium ....................................................
T otal — Spain and her possessions.
Spain.......................... ............... .
C uba......................................................
All other Spanish possessions.......
T otal — Holland ana her possessions
N etherlands........................................
Dutch East Indies.............................
Dutch Guinea and D. W est Indies.
R ussia.......................................................
Ita ly ...................................................—
B razil........................................................
M ex ico......................................................
United States o f C olom b ia .................
Portugal and her possessions............
Denm ark and her possessions...........
H ayti.........................................................
Japan .......................................................
Sw eden and N orw a y...........................
A ustria.....................................................
V enezuela................................................
Hawaiian Islands...................................
T u rk ey.....................................................
Argentine R ep u b lic..............................
Central Am erican States....................
China........................................................
Chili...........................................................
San D om ingo..........................................
P eru ..........................................................
U ruguay..................................................
A ll other cou ntries...............................
T otal re-export o f foreign products.

280,195,295
210,613,094
189,200,307'
4,301,055
17,040,332
32,988,564
5,482,002
2,920,812
2,251,089
22,818
2,053,904
21,022,854
1,909,994
225,776
703,788
72,042,959
09,344.412
3,298,555
52,211,237
11,791.465
82,089,477
5,052,419
65,423,018
12,214,040
14,802,146
6,944,087
0,280,072
1,637,387
705,249
10,317,686
51,970,090
7,209,593
8,441,972
841,202
733,167
4,339,186
14,510,834
688,963
1,555,007
6,039,092
4,606,444
1,201,316
6,214,575
3,313,469
21,769,618
1,254,736
660,493
361,308
5,542,035
1,226,124

502,67G,829
450,994,244
354,091,535
08,661,336
28,241,373
26,757,478
6.849.878
4,687,223
2.873,132
2,322,703
2,322,178
2,218,190
1,723,166
1,305,202
623,435
101,725,075
98,889,209
2,835,866
56,292,106
33,715,843
27,715,718
14 641,237
10,924,633
2,149,848
20,579,074
16,887,230
2.600.878
1,090,966
13,226,614
12,348.239
8,496,696
6,065,974
5,228,836
4,G18,778
4,160,304
3,591,150
2,525,758
2,365,678
2,304,601
2,268,705
1,985,506
1,913,122
1,779,501
1,729,215
1,101,315
967,551
939,501
907,603
880,371
1,836,686
11,692,305

Principal Domestic Exports, 1880,
Article.

Value.
$ 4 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$500 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 3 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

I

$ 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$1 50,0 00,0 00
$

100 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$90,000,000
1000,000
,

Gold and Silver Exchanges, 1880.

$70,000,000
Exports.

$60,000,000

Imports.

Country.

—

$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$30,000,000
$ 20,000,000

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S.

$40,000,000
$30,000,000
$ 20,000,000
$ 10,000,000

92

England. . .. $4,7 46 ,00 7 $36,995,634
F ra n ce..........
92,080 33,407,571
M ex ico..........
3,371
9,115,824
C uba..............
101,470
3,726,757
Germ any____
399.680
3,143.650
C anada..........
981,972,
2,769,534
1H ayti.............
789,088
922.756
2 H ong K o n g .. 5.010.223
1 iAll o th e r___ 3,156,804
3,126,243 [
9
8
7
6
5
4
3

$40,000,000

P late

T otal bread an d breadstuffs..................................... $288,036,885
W heat................................................... . . . ................. 190,546,305
Indian corn ................................................................
53,298,247
W heat flour................................................................
35,333,197
A ll other ,,i „ i
breadstuffs...............................................
8,859,086
rp
221,517,323
Cotton, r a w .......................................
211,535,905
C otton, m an ufactured............................................
9,981,418
Provisions. T ota l........................................................ 127,043,242
B acon and ham s.............................. *_........
50,987,623
L ard................................. ............................................
27,920,367
Cheese...............................................................
12,171,720
Preserved m eats...............................................
7,877,200
Beef, fresh............................
7 441,918
B utter............................................................
' 6,690,687
P ork ................................................................
5,930,252
A ll other provisions...................................
8,023,475
Oils. T ota l........... ........................................................
41,370,944
O W OR K
'. O W
Illum inating.— __ _______________ ________. . . .
_
31.783.575
A ll other o ils .................................. ......... ............
9,587,369
T o b a cco and m anufactures o f .................................
18,442,273
W o od and m anufactures o f .................
16,237,376
Animals, living. T ota l...............................
15,882,120
Horned ca ttle ............................................
13,344,195
A ll other living anim als................._.....................
•
2,537,925
Iron, steel, and m anufactures o f .............................
12.605.576
T a llo w ..................................................................
7,689,232
Leather and m anufactures o f . ..................
6,760,186
Oil ca k e ........................... .................................
6,259,827
Furs and fur skins......................................
5,404,418
A ll other products, (no single product over
55,284,231
$3,000,000)........................... .........................................

Z U T -U rC ^LJSTJD C O M M E R C E
F D -A N IE
i
P late

93

UNITED STATES IMPORTS.
(Based on tlie Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury.)

'70 71 ’72 73 ’74 ’75 76 ’ 77 ’78 ’9 ( 880) $ 8 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

T A B L E O F IM P O R T S .
Fiscal
Year.

Coin and
Bullion.

1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799

10
80

1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821 $ 54,520,835 $
1822
79,871,695
1823
72,481,371
1824
72,170,037
1825
90,189,310
1836
78,093,511
1827
71,332,938
1828
81,020,083
1829
67,088,915
1830
62,720,956
1831
95,885,179
1832
95,121,762
1833 101,047,943
1834 108,609,700
1835 136,764,295
1836 176,579,154
1837 130,472,803
1838
95,970,288
1839 156,496,956
1840
98,258,706
1841 122,957,544
1842
96,075,071
1843
42,433,464
1844 102,604,606
1845 113,184,322
1846 117,914,065
1847 122,424,349
1848 148,638,644
1849 141,206,199
1850 173,509,526
1851 210,771,429
1852 207,440,396
1853 263,777,265
1854 297,623,03S
1855 257,808,706
1856 310,432,316
1857 348,428,342
1858 263,338,654
1859 331,333,341
1860 353,616,11£
1861 289,310,542
1862 189,356,677
1863 243,335,815
1864 316,447,28c
1865 238,745,580
1866 434,812,066
1867 395,761,096
1868 357,436,440
1869 417,506,379
1870 435,958,406
1871 520,223,684
1872 626,595,077
1873 642,136,210
1874 567,406,342
1875 533,005,436
1876 460,741,190
1877 451,323,126
1878 437,051,532
1879 445,777,775
1880 667,954,746

8,064,890
3,369,846
5,097,896
8,378,970
6,150,765
6,880,966
8,151,130
7,489,741
7,403,612
8,155,964
7,305,945
5,907,5044
7,070,368
17,911,632
13,131,447
13,400,881
10,516,414
17,747,116
5,595,176
8,882,813
4,988,633
4,087,016
22,320,335
5,830,429
4,070,242
3,777,732
24,121,289
6,360,284
6,651,240
4,628,792
5,453,503
5,505,044
4,201,382
6,939,342
3,659,812
4,207,632
12,461,799
19,274,496
7,434,789
8,550,135
46,339,611
16,415,052
9,584,105
13,115,612
9,810,072
10,700,092
22,070,475
14,188,368
19,807,876
26,419,179
21,270,024
13,743,688
21,480,937
28,454,906
20,900,717
15,936,681
40,774,414
29,821,314
20,296,000
93,034,310

Total.

i 23,000,000
29.200.000
31.500.000
31.100.000
34.600.000
69,756,268
81,436,164
75,379,406
68,551,700
79,069,148
91,252,768
111,363,511
76,333,333
64,666,666
85,000,000
120,600,000
129.410.000
138.500.000
56.990.000
59.400.000
85.400.000
53.400.000
77.030.000
22.005.000
12.965.000
113,041,274
147.103.000
99.250.000
121.750.000
87.125.000
74.450.000
62,585,724
83,241,541
77,579,267
80,549,007
96,340,075
84,974,477
79,484,068
88,509,824
74,492,527
70.876.920
103,191,124
101,029,266
108,118,311
126,521,332
149,895,742
189.980.035
140,989,217
113,717,404
162,092,132
107.141.519
127,946,177
100,162,087
64,753,799
108.435.035
117,254,564
121,691,797
146.545,638
154,998,928
147,857,439
178,138,318
216,224,932
212,945,442
267,978,647
304,562,381
261.468.520
314,639,942
360,890,141
282,613,150
338,768,130
362.166.254
335.650.153
205,771,729
252.919.920
329,562,895
248,555,652
445,512,158
417,831,571
371,624,808
437.314.255
462,377,587
541,493,708
640,338,766
663,617,147
595,861,248
553.906.153
476,677,871
492,097,540
466,872,846
466,073,775
760,989,056

Principal Imports for Consumption,

Total.

1880 .

A rticles.

$750,000,000
V alue.

Clothing, e tc., T o ta l................................................................................ . $ 2(8,754,675 I
W ool, and m anufactures o f ................................................................
49,748,212 1
Silk, (cocoon s, raw , w aste, & c., fre e )..............................................
45,301,794 i
H ides and skins, oth er than fu r skins..................................... .........
30,177.351 !
C otton, (unm anufactured, fre e ).....................................................
26,317,214 I
Flax, and m anufactures o f .................... ........................................... .
22,228,438 I
Leather, and m anufactures o f ........... ............................................ .
11,769,481 I
India ru bber (crude and milk o f, fre e )............................................
9,820,927
Diam onds (cut), cam eos, m osaics, &e....................................
6,705,692 I
Furs, (skins o f all kinds, n o t dressed, fre e )..............................
6,425,482 I
Buttons and b u tton m aterials..... ............................
3,853,595 1
Em broideries............................................................................................
3,115,914 I
Braids, plaits, & o., (straw trim m ing)................................................
2,045,613 (
Hats, bonnets, and h o o d s ....................................................................
1,244,955 !
Provisions, & c. T o ta l............................................................................. 206,907,211 (
Sugar a (from H aw aiian Islands, fre e )............................
81,195,109 I
C offee...................................................................................
60,275,906 '
T ea .....................................................................................................
19.781,220 !
Fruits and n u ts......................................................................................
13,439,337 I
Breadstuffs, b (rice from H awaiian Islands, fre e )........................
7,709,629 !
Spirits and w ines....................................................................................
7,578,281 I
T o b a cco , and m anufactures o f ................................................
6,179,238 (
Fish, (from Canada, N ew foundland, & c., fre e ).....................
3,187,359 !
Spices.........................................................................................................
2,099,430 I
S alt.............................................................................................................
1,750.174 I
C ocoa, o r ca ca o, (crude, leaves, and shells, fre e )........................
1,338,209 (
Other provisions.........................................................................
2,373,312 1
Metals. T o ta l.............................................................................................
71,904,009 I
Iron and steel.........................................................................................
45,466,986
Iron, and m anufactures o f ..................................................................
34,318,531 i
Tin, (in pigs, bars, o r b lock s, fre e )...................................................
22,733,103
Steel, and m anufactures o f .........................................
11,148,454 ■
Copper, zinc, brass, lead, gold , silver, and m anufactures o f . ..
3,444,949 !
Platinum, unm anufactured, and vases and retorts o f ...............
258,971 I
Chemicals, drugs, dyes, and m edicines..............................................
37,219,520 .
Hemp, jute, and m anufactures o f .........................................................
9,920,009 '
W ood , (unm anufactured, fre e ).........................................
9,144.690 :
Paper and materials, (materials, f r e e ) ................................
8,591,944 !
Products o f the United States, exported and brought b a c k ........
5,539,819 !
Earthenware and china...........................................................................
5,500,994 .
F ancy articles.............................................................................................
5,205,363 .
Glass, and m anufactures o f ....................................................................
5,133,285 .
Animals, livin g...........................................................................................
4,664,523 1
S eeds.............................................................................................................
3,241,328 :
All others, (no single class o v e r $2,000,000)............
35,827,893 !

$ 7 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Merchandise.
$650,000,000

$ 220 ,000,000

$ 210 , 000,000
*> 2 0 0 ,000,000
$190,000,000
$180,000,000

$ 6 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$170,000,000
$160,000,000
$550,000,000

* 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$140,000,000
$130,000,000
$

$

120,000,000

110,000,000

* 100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$90,000,000
$80,000,000
$70,000,000
$60,000,000
$450,000,000

$50 000,000
$40,000,000
$80,000,000

) 0,00
,00 0

a Including m olasses and con fection ery.
5 Inclu din g other farinaceous food s.

$ 10 ,000,000

$ 4 -00,0 00,0 00

E X P L A N A T O R Y .—The irregular c o lo r lines, crossing
this chart from le ft to right, show the variations in the an­
nual im ports o f the U nited States fro m 1790 t o 1880, inclusive.

$350,000,000

$ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

:iv w
if ;

H E il’s

$250,000,000

$ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$150,000,000

$150,000,000

$ 100 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$

100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Specie.
-

Me

$50,000,000

$50,000,000
-3r-

Total Imports

s

9 (1790)’91 ’92 ’ 93 ’ 94 95 '96 ’97 '98 ’99(1800) T

Washington. Adams.

’2

'3

’4

Jefferson.

• *

1 ’ 17 1 19 (1820)’211’22
6 8

’9 (lSlO)’ ll

Madison.

Monroe.

’2 ’2.->
4

'26

'Z
t

J.Q.
Adams.

'29(1830)31 ’32 ’33

'3 ’35 ’36 '
4

Jackson.

39(1810)’41

'4 ’43 ’44
2

Van
Buren. Harrison. Polk.
Tyler,

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO NS.

tt

1

M

’47 ’48 ’49 (1850)’51 ’52 ’53

Taylor.
Fillmore.

'55

’5 ’57 '58 59(1860)’611’62
6

Pierce. Buchanan.

’66 ’67 ’esresgsT om ’72 ’73 74 75 76 ’77 78 ’9(1880)

Lincoln.
Johnson.

Grant.

Hayes.

IFIH
ST^ZDsTOIEl AISTD C O M M E R C E

BALANCE OF TRADE.

TARIFF.

(Based on Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury.)

$250,000,000

$250,000,000

$

$ 200 ,000,000

2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Merchandise.
$150,000,000

$150,000,000

$

100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$

100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Specie.

$50,000,000

$50,000,000

$50,000,000

$50,000,000

$ 100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$

100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$150,000,000

$150,000,000

P late

94

CO P.YRIGHT, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S.

I F T l s T J ^ l S r C t t A1TD COMMERCE
P late

95

CARRYING TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES.
(Based on tlie Reports of Commerce and Navigation.)

\

o

9

p
*

CD

W

g
N
CD

£

o
a
p

--- o
o
o
o
o
o
o

•
P late

95

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CH A R LES SC R IB N E R 'S SONS.

X

—

A

griculture .

IN D E X TO P L A T E S .

IMPROVED FARMLAND......................................Plate 96 BUCKWHEAT. HAY.........................................Plate 104
P r o d u c t P e r S q u a re M ile o f T o ta l A rea .
T o ta l P ro d u ct, b y States.
R e tro s p e c t, 1 8 8 0 —1 8 8 0 .

R a tio to T o ta l A re a , b y C o u n tie s; b y States.
Im p r o v e d a n d T o ta l A re a s, C om p a red .
R e tro s p e c t, 1 8 8 0 —1 8 8 0 .

CORN, PRODUCT...............................................Plate 97 IRISH POTATOES. SWEET POTATOES... Plate 105
P r o d u c t P e r S q u a re M ile o f T o ta l A re a .
T o ta l P ro d u c t, b y States.
R e tro s p e c t, 1 8 8 0 —18 8 0 .

P e r S q u a re M ile, b y C o u n tie s; b y States.
T ota l, b y States.
R e tro s p e c t, 18 8 0 —1 8 8 0 .

CORN, Y IE LD ......................................................Plate 98 ORCHARD PRODUCTS...................................Plate 106
P r o d u c t P e r S q u a re M ile o f T o ta l A re a .
T o ta l P ro d u c t, b y States.

P e r A c r e , b y C ou n ties; b y States.
P rice s, 1 8 2 8 —1 8 8 0 .
A n n u a l E x p o r t, 1 8 6 0 —1 8 8 0 .

WHEAT, PRODUCT.............................................Plate 99
P e r S q u a re M ile, b y C o u n tie s; b y States.
T ota l, b y States.
R e tro s p e c t, 1 8 8 0 —1 8 8 0 .

RICE..............................................................r .. Plate 106
P r o d u c t P e r S q u a re M ile o f T o ta l A rea .
T o ta l P r o d u c t,
b y States. P rice s, 1 8 2 8 —1 8 8 0 .

HOPS.................................................................... Plate 107
P r o d u c t P e r S q u a re M ile o f T o ta l A re a .
T o ta l P r o d u c t,
b y States. P rice s, 1 8 2 8 —1 8 8 0 .

WHEAT, YIELD.........................................................Plate100
P e r A c r e , b y C o u n tie s; b y States.
SUGAR. MOLASSES......................................... Plate 108
P rices, 1 8 2 8 —1 8 8 0 .
A n n u a l E x p o r t, 1 8 6 0 —1 8 8 0 .

P r o d u c t P e r S q u a re M ile o f T o ta l A rea.
T o ta l P r o d u c t, b y States. P rice s, 1 8 2 8 —1 8 8 0 .
A n n u a l E x p o r t, 1 8 6 0 —1 8 8 0 .
A n n u a l Im p o rt, 1 8 4 4 —1 8 8 0 .

OATS, PRODUCT..................................................... Plate101
P e r S q u a re M ile, b y C o u n tie s; b y States.
COTTON...............................................................Plate 109
T ota l, b y States.
R e tro s p e c t, 1 8 8 0 —1 8 8 0 .

P r o d u c t P e r S q u a re M ile, b y C ounties.
A n n u a l Im p o rt a n d E x p o r t, 1 8 2 1 —1 8 8 0 .
R e tro s p e c t, 1 8 8 0 —1 8 8 0 .

OATS, Y IELD ............................................................ Plate102
P e r A c re , b y C o u n tie s; b y States.
TOBACCO............................................................Plate 110
P rice s, 1 8 2 8 —1 8 8 0 .
P r o d u c t P e r S q u a re M ile, b y C ounties.
BARLEY. RYE..........................................................Plate103
T o ta l P r o d u c t, b y States.
P r o d u c t P e r S q u a re M ile o f T o ta l A rea .
T ota l P r o d u c t, b y States.
R e tro s p e c t, 1 8 8 0 —1 8 8 0 .

A n n u a l E x p o r t, 1 8 2 1 —1 8 8 0 .
P rice s, 1 8 2 6 —18 8 0 .
R e tro s p e c t, 1 8 8 0 —1 8 8 0 .

In G eneral. — Agriculture

is far the most

F arm s. — The

important

United

States,

prised 837,628 square miles, or 28.2 per cent,

employing, as it does, fully one-fourth of the

of the total area of the United States, exclusive

wealth of the country, and contributing about

of Alaska.

that proportion of the total industrial product.

The

industry of

the

area in farms in 1880, com­

improved

The ratios of increase deducible from the
above, are as follows:
Percentage

miles, or 15 per cent, of the total area.

The

implements in 1880 was $10,603,616,831, while

following table shows the acreage of farms and

Improved land............................

that invested in manufactures, the next largest

improved land, together with the number and

industry, was $2,790,272,606.

average size of farms, at the date of each census

O

Total land in farms.....................

tude of its agricultural product, the United
States

holds

the

first

place

among

Number of farms.........................

5i
5i

l6
30

38
44
4i

Between 1870 and 1880, the area of land in
farms increased in a slightly greater ratio than

mentioned:

the

I n crease.

1870-1880. 1860-1870. 1850-1860.

land was 444,955 square

The capital invested in farms and farming

In the magni­

of

population, the increase of the latter being 30.1

1880.

1870.

i860.

1850.

Total acres in farm ..

536,081,835

407,212,538

293,560,614

30 per cent, of the grain of the world, which

407. 735.041

Acres improved........

284,771,042

188,921,099

163,110,720

113,032,614

westward movement of the population into the

is considerably more than the product of any

Number of farms. . . .

4,008,907

2 , 659. 985

2,044,077

1, 449,073

Cordilleran region, a thin film, as it were, of

153

199

203

nations.

According to Mulhall, it produces

other country.

per cent.

Average size of farms

134

There was during this period a great

population spreading itself over a vast area

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

Ixxxii

O f the total area in farms

(536,081,835

In the same time, the

The last two columns of the table show

area of improved land increased one-half, an

approximately the relative effect of the exten­

acres), 53.1 per cent., or 284,771,042 acres, was

increase largely in excess of that of the total

sion of farm area and of the subdivision of

returned as “ improved” and 46.9 per cent, as

acreage in farms, and due to the bringing

farms in increasing their number, and conse­

unimproved. The “improved” area was divided

under cultivation of a large proportion of the

quently decreasing their average size:

into two classes: tilled land, including fallow

unimproved farm lands, held in 1870.

The

increase of 51 per cent, in the number of farms
was greater than during any previous decade,

STATES AND
TERRITORIES.

the average size of farms, shown in the preced­
ing table.
The decade from i860 to 1870 shows the
effect of the Civil W ar in the non-increase of
the area in farms, attended by an increase of 30
per cent, in their number, and a corresponding
decrease in their average size.

The increase

of improved land did not keep pace with that
of population, that in the number of farms was
notably less than in either the preceding or the
following decade, and the diminution of 46
acres in the average size of farms was much
greater than in any other similar period.
The social and commercial conditions de­
veloped by the war tended to a division of the
homesteads and plantations in the older states.
This tendency was by no means overcome in
the decade from 1870 to 1880, as is shown by
the further diminution

of 19 acres (23 per

cent.), in the average size of farms, notwith­
standing the increase of 31 per cent, in the
total farm area, made up largely of newly
settled Western and Southern lands, generally
held in large tracts.

N u m b er o f F a r m s —A n

examination

in detail of the increase in the number of
farms develops many interesting features.

The

The United States...

1870.

4,008,907

2,659,985

5°-7

3*-5

64,309
32,181

59,804
29,642

7-5

12.2

35,522

33,827

38,406
6,216

26,500

3 °, 59 8

North Atlantic Group.
Maine.......................
New Hampshire.......
Vermont...................
Massachusetts...........
Rhode Island...........
Connecticut.............
New York.................
New Jersey...............
Pennsylvania...........

213,542

25,508
216,253
30,652
174,041

The Group.........

696^39
8,749

South Atlantic Group.
Delaware...................
Maryland.................
District of Columbia.
Virginia....................
West Virginia...........
North Carolina.........
South Carolina.........
Georgia.....................
Florida.....................
The Group.........
Northern Central Group.
O hio.........................
Indiana.....................
Illinois......................
Michigan...................
Wisconsin................
Minnesota................
Iow a.........................
Missouri...................
Dakota.....................
Nebraska...................
Kansas......................
The Group.........
Southern Central Group.
Kentucky.................
Tennessee.................
Alabama...................
Mississippi................
Louisiana.................
Texas........................
Arkansas...................

241,058
34 ,3 °7

4 o,Si 7
435

118,5x7
62,674
157,609
93,864
138,626
23,438
644,429
247,189
194,013
255 , 7 4 i
154,008
134,322
92,386
I 85 .3 5 1
215,575
17,435

63,387
138,561
1,697,968

precisely equal to the average, the increase in
both the Southern sections, and in the Western

2-5
3-8

8.4

7,615
27,000
209

14.9
50.1
108.1
60.5

3-6

73,849
39,778

57-6

*3-5
55-4
9-3

A v e ra g e Size o f F arm s.—The

average

age number of acres of improved land was 71,
and of unimproved land, 63.

O f the improved

land, the average number of acres of tilled land
was 56; of permanent meadows and pastures,
ber of acres of woodland and forest, per farm,

72.3

38-9
12.4

26.1
20.3
26.1

13.0
I2.7
22.4

55-9

37-8

3 °-5

3 i-i

98.7

106.7

and 1880, respectively, with the percentage

59-4

59-3

45-3

which each formed of the total number of

9 *3-7

28.4
1,156.9

4 I 5-3

379-6

262.7

278.6

50-9

48.7

69,956

195,953

161,289
202,803
98,786
102,904
46,500
116,292
148,328
1,720
12,301
38,202
1,125,078

73-5

orchards and vineyards, 15. The average num­
was 47.5, and of other unimproved land, 15.5.

! 5 -2
5-5

26.0
20.8
97-3

58.8

The following table classifies the farms of
the country, according to size, and gives the
number of each class in the years i860, 1870

farms:
A C R E S IN
FARM S.

1880.
N

um ber.

Under 3....................
4,352
134,889
3 and under 1 0 ... .
10 and under 2 0 ....
254.749
20 and under 50. . .
78 i ,474
50 and under io o ... 1,032,910
100 and under 500.. 1,695.983
500 and under 1,000.
75,972
1,000 and over........
28,578

1870.
P er
C ent.

N

0.1

um ber.

19-5
25-7

P er
C ent.

6,875
172,021
294,607
847,614
754,221

42.3
1.9
0.7

i860.

565,054
15,873

3-4

6.4

3,720

0.3
6.5

N

um ber.

54,676
162,178
616,558
608,878
487,041
20,319

II. I

31.9
28.4
21.2
0 5
0 .1

5.364

Per
Cent.

2.8
8.3
3 i -5
3i . 1

24.9
1.0
0.3

34-4

In 1880, farms of between 100 and 500
1,5*9

190.7
78-5
161.1 2,766.5
263.8
159-3
12.8
24-3

851

457

*75
i ,738

4,506

4,480
172
4,908
1,036
414
3,127

5,053

767
9,452

1,404
1,885
6,529
16,217

345-9

521-7

92.6

both 1870 and i860, this prominence belonged
to those of between 20 and 50 acres.

35-5
355-3

7,587

23,724
48,212

324-9

108.8
i i 3-7
5 i -5

II7.I
76.4

made in 1880, for the first time, into the tenure

45-2

of farms, whether cultivated by their owners,

73-7

61.5

T en u re o f F a rm s.— A n

for

roads, railways

due to two causes, the extension of the farm

and cities.

The neighboring states of Indiana

area and the sub-dividing of the great farms

and Illinois stand next in rank.

and plantations existing prior to the Civil

the Northern Central group is, however, low­

War, the latter being the chief cause, especially

ered by the border states, so that the North

in the South Atlantic states.

In the W est, the

Atlantic section has the highest proportion.

addition to the number of farms was, in the

O f these, but one state, Maine, has less than 60

main, due to the extension of the farm area.

per cent, of its total area in farms.

The ratio of

inquiry was

rented, or worked upon shares.

The highest average

total area is in farms, leaving, it would appear,
land

acres formed much the largest class, while in

341.8
154.6

large.

sufficient

amounting to 61,055,049 acres.

374,102

51,889

510,998

A re a in F a rm s. —

scarcely

land, in which was included the remainder,

10,241

93,565

of farm area is in Ohio, where 94 per cent, of the

tions, the increase in the number of farms was

two classes: woodland and forest, which com­

*9-5
12.7
II . 2
IO. I

group, greatly exceeded that for the country at
In the case of the two Southern sec­

The “ unimproved ” area was also divided into

68.4
80.9
98.2
128.9

886,648

83,723

in the Northern Central section was almost

comprising 61,703,898 acres.

190,254,744 acres, and “ other unimproved”

i 5-7

49,424

The Group.........

far below the average for the country, and that

and vineyards,

prised three-fourths of the unimproved land, or

601,595

94,433

35,934

Atlantic states, the manufacturing section, was

ondly, permanent meadows, pastures, orchards

7.8
23.0

11.9
22.7

40.6
40.2
101.6
49.6
69.6
184.9
91.1

sections, the number of farms in 1870 and 1880,

W hile the rate of increase in the North

crops, comprising 223,067,144 acres, and, sec­

3-2

7.2
2.0
10.0

i i -5

118,422
118,141
67,382
68,023
28,481
61,125

The Group.........

farms.

5,368

166,453
165,650
135,864
101,772
48,292
174,184

Western Group.
Montana...................
Wyoming.................
Colorado...................
New Mexico.............
Arizona.....................
U tah.........................
Nevada.....................
Idaho.........................
Washington...............
Oregon.....................
California.................

decade, both in number and total area of

8.6
5 -o
44.9
15.8
20.0

land, and that sown with grass in rotation of

size of farms in 1880 was 134 acres; the aver­

accompanying table shows, by states, and by
with the percentage of increase during the

In Num­ In Total
ber of
Farm
F arms. A rea .

1880.

and considerably in excess of the increase of
farm acreage, thus explaining the decrease in

Per Cent, of
Increase.

Total Number of Farms.

0
0

hitherto unsettled.

W

orked

by

R

O w n ers.

W

ented.

orked

on

Sh ares.

ACRES IN FARMS.
N

um ber.

2,601
Under 3 .................
3 and under 1 0 ....
85,456
10 and under 20 ... 122,411
20 and under 50 ... 460,486
50 and under 100.. 804,522
100 and under 500. 1,416,618
66,447
500 and under 1,000
1,000 and over---25,765

P er
C ent.

60

N

um­

ber.

48
59
78

875
22,904
41,522
97,399
69,663

84
87
90

84,645
3,956
1,393

63

P er
N
C ent.

20
17
l6
13

7
5
5
5

um ber.

876
26,529
90,816
223,689
158,625
194,720

5,569

1,420

Per
C ent.

20
20
36
28

*5
II
8

5

The result of this inquiry, given in the
preceding table, corroborates the current belief

AGRICULTURE,

lxxxiii

that the greater number of farms in this coun­

tional number of inhabitants dependent upon

try are of the first class.

O f the 4,008,907

other industries than agriculture, the greater

F a rm in g Im plem ents an d M a­
c h in e r y . — The value of farming imple­

farms returned, 2,984,306, or 74 per cent, were

the value of agricultural property, consequent,

ments and machinery in 1880 was $406,520,055.

cultivated by their owners; 322,357, or 8 per

of course, upon the higher prices resulting from

There are probably few branches of manufactur-

cent., were rented, and 702,244 were

ing in which greater advances have

cultivated on shares.

F arm Area, T en u re and Value.

The table shows, in general, an
increase in proportion of ownership,
corresponding with increased size of
farms.

been made during recent years than

The subjoined table shows, by states and groups of states, (i) the area in farms,
with the percentage which this forms of the total area, (2) the proportions held under

in agricultural machinery, which is

different forms of tenure, expressed in percentages of the whole number of farms,
and (3) the total value and the value per acre, including improvements.

The custom of renting on

shares has its greatest relative de­
velopment in those of from 10 to 50
acres.

Area in Farms.
STATES
AND
TERRITORIES.

by
Own­
ers.

1
5-0

74-44

6,552»S7
8
3, 721,173

34-2

4,882,588

8 -5
3
65-3
74-i

95.68
91.88
86.60
91.82
80.12
89.78
83.46

Acres.

Both above and below this

point, the number of rented farms
decreases.

Those most frequently

rented for money are the smallest

The United States.. 536,081,835

are cultivated by their owners, and

23,780,754
2929,773
,
i 9 79 34i
, L

79.1
78.0
61.4
68.7

only in the South, the system of

The Group----

67,985,64o
1,090,245

creases with an increase in acreage.
In the North and W est, by far

proceeds, prevails to any great ex­
tent.

American fertility of invention, partly

on

T otal.

8.04

U.52

810,197,096,776

$19.21

2-53

1.79
4 28

102,357,615

15.61
20.38
20.40

stitution of steam or animal power

43-52

readiness with which the American

Shares.

3,359,079
514,813
2453,541
,

64.6

3.84
6.09

5-97

7.31
2.21

75,834,389
109,346,010

I 5 9I
6.28

3-97
3-94

7-52

146,197,415
25,882,079
121,063,910
1,056,176,741
190,895,833
975,689,410

This system has grown up

since the war, with the sub-division
of the great plantations.

Most of

these rented farms are cultivated by
the colored element.

75-40
78.78

10.52

9.02
14.08
13.24

65-4

84.01

7.04

8-95

$2,403,443,402

36.54

9-57

18,146

47-3

1 , 835,785
9
1 , 193,779
0

21.38
3.68
18.22
12.30
27.97
26.90
31.46

836,789,672
165,503,341
3,632,403
216,028,107

22,363,558
13,457,613
26,043,282

77.2
64.6
71.9
69.7
69.0

57.62
69.05
61.84
70.48
80.85

5-84

5, ” 9,831

86.9
81.1

3, 297,324

9
-5
60.0

63.88

11.63

24.49

94.0
88.9
88.4

80.73
76.27
68.62
89.99

6.00
4.42
8.06
3.26
2.77

13.27

50.27

49-35
44.41

49-3°
34-34

South Atlantic Group.

Delaware.................
Maryland.................
District of Columbia.
Virginia....................
West Virginia...........
North Carolina........
South Carolina.........
Georgia....................
Florida............... ...

66-55
49.69

34-48
11.30
6.85
5-48
23.41

55^5 13-39
69.11
I 5 4 15-75
-I

I 33 47 7
,I U 5
135, 793,602
68,677,482
111,910,540
20,291,835

33-74
32.33
200.18
10.89
13.06
6.07

5-1
°
4-3°

V a lu e o f Farm s.—The

value

of farms in 1880 was $10,197,096,776,
or nearly one-fourth of the total val­
uation of the country. In 1870, it was
$9,262,803,861, or, reduced to gold,
$7,410,243,089, showing an increase
during the decade of 37.6 per cent.,
but 7.6 per cent, greater than that of
population.

The increase from i860

to 1870 was less than that of popula­
tion.

From 1850 to i860, the value

of farms more than doubled, while
population increased 35.6 per cent.
The

gross

value

of farms

is

greatest in Ohio, New Y ork follows,

24,529,226
20,420,983
31,673,645
13,807,240
i 5 353 h 8
,
,

37-6
44.x
26.4
69.7

13,403,019
24,752,700
27,879,276
3,800,656
9,944,826
21,417,468

4.0
20.4
41.0

The Group---- 206,982,157

42.8

63-4

18,855,334
1 ,855,462
5
8,273,506
36,292,219
12,061,547
20,666,915
2L 495, 24o

57-2
5
3-5

The Group. . . .

i

cultivation of which would be im­
possible without such aid.

It has

thus been at once an effect and a

$891,774,157

8.79

area and in the number of farms,

$1 1 ,497,353
, 27
635,236,111
1,009,594,580
499,103,181

357, 709,5°7

46.37
31.11
31-56
36.15
23.3°

already set forth in the preceding
tables.
The value of farming tools and
machines, and the percentage of in­
presented in the table below:

83.65

3-07
3.20

235, 178,936

79-52

5-23

*5-25

$4,126,441,087

18.99

30.00
26.64
21.41
30-65
20.41
22.90
16.34

$78 954,648
,
92,844,915
58,989,117
170,468,886

4-97

74, 249,655
206,749,837
299,298,631

6.16
10.00
13.92

24.36

$99L 555,689

75
-3

i -35

4-54
9.21
O.4I

105,932,541

1 -4
45

F a r m in g T o o ls
a n d M a c h in e s .

CEN SU S.

P ercen tage
I n c rea se.

of

1880.........................

$406,520,055

50.8

4.19

1870.........................

336,878,429

9
-5

5-23

i860..........................

246,118,141

62.3

1850..........................

15 1,58 7 ,6 3 8

—

3
5-5
7
7-3

65-47

84.0

7 -5
35

16.85
17.14
13-81
6.94
10.50
11.63
1 . II
0

33> ° o> 2
5 23

38.6

63-79

11.85

405,683

94-73

I.I2
I.09
3-66

4-15
I-7
5
9-3°

$3 234 5°4
,
,

77
-9

835,895

6.72

25,109,223

91-93

0-43

7.64

5,5*4,399

2 -5
15
8-74

86.83

5-48
0.63
4.49
I .70
3.20

7.69
5.20
3.02
4.01
9.48
IO.9O

1,127,946
14,015,178
5,408,325
2,832,890
13,844,224
56,908,575
262,051,282

8.32
21.36
IO.I9
8.64
9.82

8-54

$400,881,441

15-31

28.5
21.6

53-1
5
56.22
64.78
62.41
69.09

7.12

Western Group.

The Group----

26,194,452

3
-5

86.01

124,433
1,165,373

631,131

135,573
655,524
530,862

3
-3

97.16
87.04

95-42
90.31
95.28

92.79
85-95

4-57
8-93
5-45

3-95

the cotton states barely averaging
five dollars per acre, with the improvements.

tracts in sparsely settled regions, the

5-89
10.64
10.98

value decreases greatly, the lands of

North­

ing within the area of tillage vast

1 -4
37

80.17

ern Central group.

the

has had a potent influence in bring­

22,401,084

Southward, the

throughout

introduction of farming machinery

375,633,307

7.0
10.6

westward

On the other hand, the general

crease at each decade since 1850, are

1,409,421
4,214,712
16 593,742
,

Atlantic group, gradually decreasing

farming class adopt new methods.

22.92

327,798

densely populated states of the North

for manual labor, and partly to the

cause of the great increase in farm

Southern Central Group

Alabama...................
Mississippi...............
Louisiana.................
T exas.......................
Arkansas...................
Tennessee................
Kentucky.................

scarcity of laborers, require the sub­

193,724,260
567,430,227

0.4
0.2
1.8
0.8
0.2
1.2
0.8
0.6

value per acre ranges highest in the

6-75

account of

6.28
7.80
19.29
18.10
3.48
*4-95
13-15

90.95
90.85
76.17
72.69
96.11
81.98

Montana...................
Wyoming.................
Colorado...................
New Mexico.............
Arizona....................
Utah.........................
Nevada.....................
Idaho........................
Washington..............
Oregon.....................
California.................

then Illinois, and Pennsylvania. The

19.31
23.32

or, on

6.15

Northern Central Group

Ohio.........................
Indiana.. * ...............
Illinois......................
Michigan...................
Wisconsin.. ............
Minnesota................
Iowa.........................
Missouri...................
Dakota.....................
Nebraska..................
Kansas.....................

to the large areas in farms, which
readily allow

The Group. . . . 101,419,363

renting, especially for a share in the

ery in farming is due partly to

Per
Acre.

0
0
O
N

the greater proportion of the farms

Rented.

Worked

Value of Farms.

North Atlantic Group.

Maine.......................
New Hampshire__
Vermont..................
Massachusetts..........
Rhode Island...........
Connecticut.............
New York.................
New Jersey.............
Pennsylvania...........

farms, and their number steadily de­

(Percentage of Farm
A rea.)

age of
T otal
Area.

as in the United States.
This widespread use of machin­

T enure.

Percent­ Worked

used in no other country so generally

13-50
r 5-79

The value given above for 1870
is the value in paper currency, as
given in the Census Report.
computing

the

percentage

In

of in­

crease, this has been reduced to a
gold standard, making the amount
$269,502,743.
between

The

i860

course due

and

to the

small

increase

1870

was of

effects of the

Civil War.

V a lu e o f F a rm P ro d u cts.
the greater demand for farm products, and their

— The total value of all farm products was

more complete utilization.

Much that is waste

returned for the first time by the Census of

densest population, the largest proportion of

in a sparsely settled agricultural region, has a

1870, as $2,447,538,658 in paper, or in gold,

urban population, and the greatest relative

commercial value in cities and towns.

about $1,958,030,926.

importance of manufactures and other indus­

burned as of no value in one place, sells readily

as $2,212,540,927, an apparent increase of 13

tries.

where population is denser.

per cent, only, notwithstanding an enormous

The highest value per acre accompanies the

In other words, the greater the propor­

Straw,

In 1880 it was returned

SCRIBNERS STATISTICAL ATLAS.

lxxxiv

increase during the decade in the quantity of

It is generally considered that the greater

is true, areas in the Cordilleran region at so

cereals, cotton, and, in short, of nearly all

the food production of a country, the greater is

great an elevation that the summer is too

the principal items of production.

the quantity consumed per capita.

Various

cool and short for it, but these are of small

ation of the relatively small value of the vastly

estimates have been made of the consumption

importance in the present stage of its culti­

increased product of 1880, is found, manifestly,

of grain per capita in different countries.

vation, as comparatively little farming is carried

in the sweeping reduction of prices as com­

of Mulhall (“ Balance Sheet of the W o rld ” ) is

pared with those of 1870.

given below, together with his estimate of the

The explan­

That

produced 73 per cent, of the whole crop.

the production of the

six principal cereals the United States stands
first among the nations of the globe.

The great corn region of the United States
is the Northern Central section, which, in 1879,

per capita production of grain:

T h e Cereals. — In

on there.

C o n s u m p t io n
P e r C a p it a .
( B u s h e l s .)

P r o d u c t io n
P er C a p it a .
(B u sh els.)

COUNTRIES.

S ix

states of this group, viz.: Illinois, Iowa, Mis­
souri, Indiana, Ohio and Kansas, produced

This is
Austria..............................................

14-35

13-57

more than 100,000,000 bushels

Denmark..........................................

36.80

3 0 -8 3

24.02

highest production of any state outside of this

France.......................... ....................

19.94

this country has the largest surplus above the

Germany...........................................

21.15

23 -7 I

requirements of its population, and makes the

Great Britain..................................

11.90

20.02

nearly 73,000,000 bushels.

largest contribution toward supplying the de­

Holland............................................

12.50

16.25

grown in New England is small, yet it is

Italy..................................................

9-45

9.62

Russia...............................................

20.22

17 -9 7

Spain................................................

0
0
O
N
A
M

17.68

Nations,” shows the acreage

Europe.............................................

16.50

17.66

the most important crop, except in those areas

cultivated and the production of grain in the

Canada..............................................

40.30

38.11

devoted to rice and the sugar cane; still the

O
M
0
0

40.66

South raises but a small proportion of the crop

true not only as to total production, but also
as to product per inhabitant.

Naturally, also,

ficiencies of other nations.
The following table, extracted from Mulhall’s
“ Progress

of

United States..................................

principal countries of the world:
A

C O U N T R IE S.

cres

under

G r a in .

P r o d u c t io n .
( B u s h e l s .)

It will be observed that this estimate of the
production of the United States is considerably

each.

The

section was that of Kentucky, which raised
The

proportion

the most important of all the cereal crops of
this region.

In the South it is, next to cotton,

of the country.
N ot only are the Northern Central states
the great corn region, as regards absolute pro­

United States..................................

118,000,000

2,698,000,000

Russia..............................................

158,000,000

i>8

Germany..........................................

43,000,000

990,000,000

France..............................................

40,000,000

840,000,000

The annual export of corn, wheat and wheat

Austro-Hungary..............................

35,000,000

520,000,000

flour for the years 1860-1880 is shown by

United Kingdom............................

12,500,000

4 S,ooo.00°
5

diagrams on Plates 98, 100 and 119.

Spain.......... .....................................

15,000,000

300,000,000

low, having an average only of between 10 and

Ita ly ........... ..................................

18,000,000

270,000,000

15 bushels in states along the G ulf coast.

Canada and Australia.....................

14,000,000

140,000,000

5 5.000»
000

less than the actual product per capita in 1880,
and greater than any previous production.

In d ia n C orn . — The

production of corn

reported by the last four censuses, shows a
The total amount of the cereal crop, as
reported by the Censuses of 1880, 1870, i860

B u sh els.

CENSUS.
T

1880.........................
1870.........................
i860..........................
1850.........................

otal.

2,697,580,229

387, 299> 5
i 3
i , 239 39,947
,0
867,453,967

i,

P e r C a p it a .

P ercentage
of I n c rea se
o ver Preced­
in g D e c a d e .

the Southern states the yield is particularly

The most favorable latitude, for the culti­
vation of this cereal, all conditions considered,
allels, in which strip of country, 20.2 per cent,

P r o d u c t io n .
(B u sh els.)

CENSUS.

P r o d u c t io n
C a p it a .
(B u sh els. )

of the whole crop was raised.

Between the

per

39th and 42d parallels, not less than 54.8 per
cent, of the crop was produced, while northward

760,944,549

3
5
*9

i8 6 0 ..........................................

838, 792,742

27

Distributing the production of corn, accord­

1850..........................................

592,071,104

2
5

1, 754 59!,676
,

18 70 ..........................................
in

In

appears to be between the 40th and 41st par­

1880..........................................
P roduct

while elsewhere it is less than 25 bushels.

tion to the population:

per capita of population are presented in the
table below:

is the greatest, averaging about 35 bushels,

rapid increase, except in 1870, even in propor­

and 1850, the percentage of increase from
decade to decade, and the number of bushels

duction, but here also, the production per acre

and southward the amount diminished.
ing to elevation above sea-level, it appears that

9 -5
4

The low production of 1870 was due in part

over 54 per cent, is produced where the eleva­

12.0

53-79
35-98
39-4°
37-40

to the war, in part to an unfavorable season for

tion ranges between 500 and 1,000 feet, and 82

this crop.

per cent, between 500 and 1,500 feet.

42.8
—

Above

The corn crop of 1879, reported by the last

the latter elevation there is raised only 4.4 per

in production of cereals was

census, was 1,754,591,676 bushels, an average of

cent., and only about one-eighth of the crop

considerably greater than that of population

35 bushels for every man, woman and child in

below 500 feet.

between 1850 and i860.

the country.

The gain

The average product per acre

Considered with respect to temperature, this

1870 there was a relative decrease, while in the

was 28 bushels, the area planted with this crop

cereal affects the colder rather than the warmer

last decade the percentage of increase was over

being 62,368,869 acres (97,450 square miles),

parts of the country.

three times that of population.

or about one-thirtieth of the total area of the

perature ranges between 450and 50° Fah., there

country.

is raised 40.8 per cent of the crop; between 450

Between i860 and

This production was distributed as follows:
GRAIN.

A cres.

P r o d u c t io n .
(B u s h e l s .)

35,430,052

754,59U676
459,483,137

16,144,593

407,858,999

1997,717
,

43,997,495
1 ,831,595
9

62,368,869

1,842,303
84 389
8,
118,631,923

i,

11,817,327
2,697,580,229

This peculiarly American grain, although by

W here the annual tem­

and 550 there was grown 75.9 per cent., and
,

preference a semi-tropical plant, is the most

87.3 per cent, between the isotherms of 450

widely distributed throughout the country of all

and 6o°.

the cereals.

It is cultivated from the Gulf to

Corn needs abundant moisture.

This is

the British boundary, and from the Atlantic to

shown by the fact that 63.4 per cent, of the

the Pacific.

The one condition that it requires

crop was grown where the annual rainfall

for maturing its grain is a hot summer, and this

ranges from 35 to 45 inches, and 86.8 per

our continental climate assures.

cent, where it ranges from 30 to 50 inches.

There are, it

AGRICULTURE.

lxxxv

Indeed, where the rainfall is less than 25

tion, but the increase in production per capita

the region receiving from 35 to 50 inches, and

inches, only one-half of one per cent, was

of population.

over nine-tenths (92.4 per cent.) where the

raised, and doubtless much, if not all of this,

grown at a prodigious rate, yet the wheat pro­

annual rainfall is above 25 inches.

was grown only by the aid of irrigation.

duction per capita, has more than doubled

remaining portion (7.6 per cent.) was raised by

since 1850.

the aid of irrigation, or in regions where the

For many years, Indian
freely exported.

corn has been

Although the population has

The small

The export, which reached

Glancing at the production by states (Plate

a minimum in 1870, owing to the small crop,

99), it is seen that the leading states are mainly

growing season.

has since increased quite steadily and rapidly,

those of the Northern Central section, where

per cent, of the crop was raised where the rain­

as shown by the following table:

suitable soils, a favorable climate, and the

fall during the growing season is between 20

conditions necessary for the use of farming

and 25 inches; nearly 80 per cent, where it is

machinery on a large scale, coupled with easy

between 15 and 25; 6.4 per cent, where it is

and cheap transportation to markets, combine

less than 15 inches, and only 1 per cent, with
less than 10 inches of available rainfall.

rainfall, though scanty, is mostly within the
It is worthy of note that 48

E xport of
I n d ia n C o r n .
(B u s h e l s .)

E x po r t of
C orn M eal.
( B a r r e l s .)

1 8 7 0 .......................................................

1 , 3 9 2 .1 1 5

1 8 7 ,0 9 3

1 8 7 1 .......................................................

9 , 8 2 6 ,3 0 9

2 1 1 ,8 1 1

to

1 8 7 2 .......................................................

3 4 ,4 9 ! , 6 5 0

3 0 8 ,8 4 0

wheat state is Illinois, which produces over

The annual consumption of wheat is esti­

1 8 7 3 .......................................................

3 8 ,5 4 1 ,9 3 0

4 0 3 ,1 1 1

11 per cent, of the total product of the country.

mated at about 5.5 bushels per inhabitant.

1 8 7 4 .......................................................

3 4 ,4 3 4 ,6 0 6

3 8 7 ,8 0 7

2 8 , 8 5 8 ,4 2 0

2 9 1 ,6 5 4

Then follow Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Minne­

O f the total product of 9.2 bushels per capita in

1 8 7 5 .............. ........................................
1 8 7 6 .......................................................

4 9 ,4 9 3 ,5 7 2

3 5 4 ,2 4 0

sota, Iowa, California, Missouri, Wisconsin and

1880, there was left, therefore, a very large

T t8 7 7 .......................................................

7 0 , 8 6 0 ,9 8 3

4 4 7 ,9 ° 7

Pennsylvania, in the order mentioned.

surplus, amounting to about two-fifths of the

1 8 7 8 .......................................................

4 5 ,4 6 1 ,0 9 8

4 3 2 ,7 5 3

crop, available for export.

00
w

ten states together produce three-fourths of the

8 6 , 2 9 6 ,2 5 2

3 9 7 ,1 6 0

9 8 , 1 6 9 ,8 7 7

wheat crop of the country.

which was in the neighborhood of 184,000,000

3 5 ° ,6 i 3

1

YEARS.

1 8 8 0 .......................................................

encourage wheat-growing.

The

leading

These

O f this surplus,

The states in which wheat is raised in

bushels, there was exported during the year

largest quantities are not necessarily those in

I53>752>795 bushels of wheat, and 6,011,419

indicates in a general way the magnitude of the

which the yield per acre is the greatest.

barrels of flour, having

crop, still it cannot be relied on to follow the

Illinois, whose product is the largest, the yield

$225,879,502.

latter with any degree of closeness.

per acre is but 15.8 bushels; in Indiana about

and wheat flour fluctuated greatly during the

pense attendant upon moving this bulky cereal,

18.4, and in Ohio 18 bushels.

decade, with a remarkable increase in its clos­

compared with its value, prevents it from seek­

from the virgin soils of Dakota, Kansas and

ing a market at a distance, and moreover, the

Nebraska, 10.6, 9.3 and 9.4 bushels per acre,

grain is of itself more difficult than wheat to

respectively, is noticeable.

Although the amount of exportation of corn

The ex­

In

The small yield

The highest production per acre was in the

an abundant crop does not produce a corres­

states and territories of the Cordilleran region,

pondingly large exportation.

In this respect,

total

value

of

The annual exports of wheat

ing years, as is shown in the following table:
E xpo r t of
W heat.
(V a l u e .)

YEARS.

Hence,

ship great distances in good order.

a

1871..........................

W

E x p o r t of
h eat F lour.
(V a lu e . )

T

otal

V alu e.

$24,093,184

$69,236,608
56,870,744

1872..........................

$45 , *43,424
38,915,060

whose soils are likewise new to tillage, and

1 8 7 3 .........................................

5 *,452,254

*7,955,684
19,381,664

the export of corn is a much less correct indi­

where the necessity for irrigation results in the

1874..........................

101,421,459

29,258,094

cator of the size of the crop, than the export of

more careful cultivation of comparatively small

1 8 7 5 .........................................

59,607,863

23 , 7 *2,440

*30 ,679,553
83,320,303

farms.

1876..........................

wheat.

68,382,899

24,443,470

92,826,369

The surplus is mainly used in feeding

The

lowest yield is found in the

70,833,918

1877 ..........................

47 , 135,562

21,663,947

68,799,509

live-stock and as a raw material for various

Southern states, whose soil and climate are

1878.........................

96,872,016

25 ,095,721

manufactured products, and an abundant crop

not as well adapted to this crop as to others.

1 8 7 9 .........................................

130,701,079

29 ,567 , 7*3

*2*,967,737
160,268,792

1880..........................

190 ,546,305

35 ,333,*97

225,879,502

o f corn shows its effects in an increased pro­

Distributing the wheat production according
to latitude, it is found that 83.1 per cent, of the

duct of live-stock.

whole is raised between the 37th and the 44th

W h e a t .— The

acreage in wheat reported by

Oats .— The

parallels, and that much more than one-half,

407,858, 999 bushels, raised on 16,144,593 acres,

crop of this cereal in 1880 was

the Census of 1880 was

’5,430,052, and the

or 58.2 per cent., is cultivated in the area

an average per acre of a little over 25 bushels.

crop 459,483,137 bushels.

The average yield

between the 38th and the 42d parallels.

The increase in the crop between 1870 and

This

More than one-half the crop, or 52.2 per

1880 was 45 per cent.; between i860 and 1870,

acreage was 29.7 per cent, of all land cultivated

cent., was grown at an elevation ranging from

over 63 per cent.; between 1850 and i860, 18

in cereals, and

500 to 1,000 feet above sea level, and nearly

per cent.

per acre was about thirteen bushels.

the product was about 9.2

bushels per inhabitant.

The following table

78 per cent, of the whole crop between the

The region of the great lakes from New

presents the production of wheat, as reported

limits of 500 and 1,500 feet elevation.

Only

Y ork and Pennsylvania to Minnesota, with the

by the different censuses since and including

11.6 per cent, was raised below the level of

states of Iowa, Missouri, Kansas and Nebraska,

1840, with the production per capita:

500 feet.

constitute

CENSUS.

P r o d u c t io n .
(B u s h e l s . )

1880..........................................
i8 6 0 ..........................................

459,483,137
287, 745,62
6
i 73 io 4 92
,
, 4

1850..........................................

100,485,944

1840..........................................

84,823,272

18 70 ..........................................

A

distribution of the wheat production

the area of greatest

production.

Nearly two-thirds of the whole crop was raised

P r o d u c t io n
P er C a p it a .
( B u s h e l s .)

according to mean annual temperature, shows

in the

9.2

that where the temperature ranged from 50°

a small portion in the Southern states, where

7
-5
5
-6
4
-3
5-o

to 550 the production was greatest— 37.8 per

it is not generally cultivated.

cent, of the crop being in this belt.

Nearly

Northern Central section, and

The

geographic and

only

climatic conditions

figures

illustrate, not

alone

most favorable to oats differ somewhat from

temperature was between 450 and 550
.
• These

two-thirds of the crop was raised where the

those best suited for wheat, and in a still

the

In respect to annual rainfall, five-eighths of

remarkably rapid increase of absolute produc­

the wheat crop (62.7 per cent.) was grown in

greater degree from those adapted to Indian
corn.

It bears a colder climate than either of

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

lxxxvi

these cereals, or, at least, a cooler summer.

largest reported at any census.

More than half the crop is produced where the

was but 8,956,912 bushels, or less than one-half

upon the South Atlantic and G ulf coasts.

mean annual temperature is between 450 and

as large.

the total product in 1880, 101,131,373 pounds,

50° Fah.

That of 1850

whole crop is raised in the low coast swamps,
Of

In respect to rainfall, it may be

The states of New York and Pennsylvania

or nearly one-half, was grown on the coast of

stated that four-fifths of the crop comes from

together produced about two-thirds of the

South Carolina; nearly one-fourth came from

a region where the annual rainfall is between

whole crop.

the Georgia coast, and most of the remainder

30 and 45 inches, and of the spring and sum­

single states are but trifling in comparison, and

from Louisiana.

mer between 15 and 25 inches.

in a few states no production whatever was

duction of rice was rapidly diminishing.

reported.

1850, there was raised more than 215,000,000

Over 91 per

cent, of the crop was raised at elevations rang­

The amounts produced in other

ing from 100 to 1,500 feet above the sea.
The demand for oats as human food has

pounds.

H a y .— This

is one of the most valuable, if

Prior to the war, the pro­
In

In i860, this had fallen to about

187,000,000, and in 1870, it had still further

been, until recent years, very slight; but lat­

not the most valuable crop produced in the

decreased to 73,635,021 pounds.

terly, large quantities have been used for this

United States.

decade, ending with 1880, rice-growing appar­

purpose.

tion per ton, it reaches an aggregate value

The export of oats is comparatively

Even at a very moderate valua­

During the

ently commenced to recover its lost ground.

trifling, amounting to but a few hundred thou­

surprisingly near that of the wheat crop.

sand bushels annually.

amount cut in 1880 was 35,205,712 tons, which

Hops. — Although

was raised upon 30,631,054 acres, an average

causes, the production of hops has a narrow

yield of 1.15 tons per acre.

range.

B a r le y . — The

production of barley reported

The

The

greatest

The

not confined by climatic

state of New Y ork

produced

in the Tenth Census was 43,997,495 bushels.

amount, as well as the greatest yield per acre,

four-fifths of all grown in the country, and

In 1870, it was reported as 29,761,305; in i860,

is from the Northern states, the importance

Wisconsin

15,825,898, and in 1850, 5,167,015.

of the crop diminishing southward.

mainder.

of increase, from

decade

The ratios

Thirteen

and

California most of the re­

The total product was 26,546,378

to decade, were

states, all of them Northern states, had more

pounds, a slight increase over that reported

respectively as follows: from 1870 to 1880, 48

than a million acres each in grass, and all but

in 1870.

per cent.; from i860 to 1870, 88 per cent., and

two of these averaged more than a ton of hay

from 1850 to i860, no less than 206 per cent.

per acre.

The number of acres under cultivation in this

in Minnesota, whose average was 1.55 tons.

T he largest production per acre was

crop in 1880 was 1,997,717, showing an average
yield per acre of about 22 bushels.
The leading state in the production of
barley is

in

products
of the sugar cane, sorghum and maple sap in
1880 were as follows:

Irish P o ta to es. —-The
this

farm product of

Su gar C ane :

Sugar.......................................... 178,872 hogsheads.

vegetable was 169,458,539 bushels, an

Molasses..................................... 16,573,273 gallons.

1880 raised

average of about 3} bushels to each inhabitant.

about 28^ per cent, of the whole product of

The actual product of potatoes is greater than

the country.

Then followed New Y ork with

the above figures, a large aggregate being

18 per cent, of the whole product, Wisconsin

grown in gardens, outside of farm statistics.

with 11 per cent., and Iowa with 9 per cent.

This crop is very generally distributed over the

The production of the Southern and the New

country, being raised in considerable quantities

The production of cane sugar is confined

England states was trifling, while that of several

in every state and territory. Generally speaking,

almost entirely to the lower half of Louisiana.

of the Western states and territories was, in

the product of the Northern states was consid­

That state produced in 1880 not less than

proportion to their population, very large.

erably greater, in proportion to the population,

171,706 hogsheads, the remainder coming from

than that of the South.

Texas, Florida and Georgia.

R ye. —

California, which

S u gar a n d M olasses.— The

New York, the leading

S orghum :

Sugar...........................................12,792 pounds.
Molasses.......................................................28,444,202gallons.
M aple Sap :

S u g a r ..........................................................36,576,071pounds.
Molasses..................................................... 1,796,048gallons.

The production of sorghum molasses was

The product of rye in the United

producer, raised nearly one-fifth of the whole,

States in 1880 was 19,831,595 bushels, on an

while Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan and Illinois

more

acreage of 1,842,303, an average per acre of

followed in the order named, each state having

Missouri, Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois and

nearly 11 bushels.

a product of more than ten million bushels.

Iowa each producing 2,000,000 gallons and

duct reported

The increase over the pro­

in 1870, which was 16,918,795

bushels, was 17 per cent.

The largest crop

evenly

distributed,

five

states, viz.:

upwards.

S w eet P o ta to es. —

The maple sugar product is mainly confined

reported by any census was that of i860, which

The production of
sweet potatoes is mainly confined to the South.

to the Northern states.

amounted to 21,101,380 bushels.

In 1850, the

O f the total product in the United States of

produced 2,000,000 pounds or more each, of

production was reported as 14,188,813 bushels.

33,378,693 bushels, 88 per cent, was raised in

sugar, were Vermont (11,261,077 pounds), N ew

Nearly 80 per cent of the crop of 1880 was

the South Atlantic and Southern Central states.

Y ork

grown

The largest production was in the States of

Pennsylvania and New Hampshire.

in Pennsylvania, Illinois, New York,

Wisconsin and Iowa.

The six states which

(10,693,619 pounds), Michigan,

Ohio,

North Carolina and Georgia, which jointly con­
tributed more than one-fourth of the entire

C otton . — The

product.

The importance of the crop has very

during the census year (the crop of 1879), was

never been a crop of much relative importance

greatly increased during recent years, but it has

reported as 5,755,359 bales, having an average

in this country.

not yet reached the proportions which it had

weight of 475 lbs., and a value roughly esti­

prior to the war.

mated at nearly $300,000,000.

Buckwheat.

— This minor cereal has

In 1880, it was reported at

11,817,327 bushels.

This was a gain of 20 per

largest crop ever raised.

cent, over 1870, when the crop was reported
at 9,821,721 bushels.

The crop reported in

i860 was 17,571,818 bushels, being by far the

cotton crop of the country

R ice .— The

cultivation of rice is confined

within very narrow geographical limits.

The

This was the

In 1870, it was

reported by the Census at 3,011,996 bales; in
i860, 5,387,052, and in 1850, 2,469,093 bales.

AGRICULTURE.

Ixxxvii

Commercial reports of the cotton crop of

which this crop is grown, but also the degree

W hile the total production of Tennessee is

the United States have been made up for each

of importance of the crop in different localities.

comparatively small, its average product per

year since 1829, with the exception of the war

The great production of Mississippi is due

acre is very large.

This is due to more careful

The year in

mainly to the fact that the culture of cotton is

culture than in the neighboring states in the

each case ends with September 1, and the

by far the leading pursuit of the people of the

South, rather than to any extraordinary rich­

crop referred to is evidently that grown during

state.

ness of soil.

the previous year.

land admirably adapted to the culture of this

restricted to the central and western parts of

staple.

the state, and is general only in the latter sec­

period, between 1861 and 1865.

They are presented in the

following table:

The state possesses immense areas of
The average yield of the Yazoo bot­

In this state, cotton culture is

ear

Bales.

Y ear.

B ales.

Y ear.

Bales.

Y ear

Bales.

tom lands, under imperfect tillage and with

tion.

bad picking and handling, is three-fourths of a

Y

Indeed, 84 per cent, of the cotton product

of the state is raised in the small area between

bale per acre.

the Tennessee and Mississippi rivers.

8 7 0 ,4 1 5

18 41

1 ,6 3 4 ,9 4 5

1853

3 , 2 6 2 ,8 8 2

1869

2 ,4 3 9 ,0 3 9

1830

9 7 6 ,8 4 5

1842

1 ,6 8 3 ,5 7 4

1854

2 , 9 3 0 ,0 2 7

1870

3 , t5 4 ,9 4 6

1831

1 ,0 3 8 ,8 4 8

18 43

2 ,3 7 8 ,8 7 5

1855

2 ,8 4 7 ,3 3 9

18 71

4 ,3 5 2 ,3 1 7

averaging 1,000 pounds of lint, or more than

The average yield of Arkansas per acre was

1832

9 8 7 ,4 8 7

1844

2 , 0 3 0 ,4 0 9

18 56

3 ,5 2 7 ,8 4 5

18 72

2 .9 7 4 .3 5 1

two bales, per acre have been obtained by

.58 of a bale, being exceeded in this respect

means of careful culture and handling.

only by that of Louisiana, which was .59.

1833

1 , 0 7 0 ,4 3 8

1845

2 ,3 9 4 ,5 ° 3

1857

2 ,9 3 9 ,5 1 9

18 73

3 , 9 3 0 ,5 0 8

•"
'4
C
O
00
H

1829

1 , 2 0 5 ,3 2 4

1846

2 , 1 0 0 ,5 3 7

18 58

3 , 1 1 3 ,9 6 2

18 74

4 , 1 7 0 ,3 8 8

18 35

1 . 2 5 4 ,3 2 8

1847

1 , 7 7 8 ,6 5 1

18 59

3 ,8 5 M 8

i

18 75

3 , 8 3 2 ,9 9 1

1836

1 , 3 6 0 ,7 5 2

18 48

2 ,3 4 7 ,6 3 4

i 860

4 , 6 6 9 ,7 7 0

18 76

18 37

1 ,4 2 2 ,9 3 0

1849

2 , 7 2 8 ,5 9 6

18 61

3 ,6 5 6 ,0 0 6

18 77

1838

1 , 8 0 1 ,4 9 7

1850

2 ,0 9 6 ,7 0 6

1866

2 ,1 9 3 ,9 8 7

1839

1 , 3 6 0 ,5 3 2

18 51

2 ,3 5 5 ,2 5 7

18 6 7

2 ,0 1 9 ,7 7 4

2 ,1 7 7 ,8 3 5

18 52

3 , 0 1 5 ,0 2 9

18 6 8

2 ,5 9 3 ,9 9 3

1840

In this region individual crops,

O f the

The

4 , 6 6 9 ,2 8 8

comes from the upland.

.76 of a bale.

4 ,4 8 5 ,4 2 3

by Professor E. W . Hilgard that if, under more

to the large extent of rich bottom land, and to

4 ,8 1 1 ,2 6 5

careful tillage, all the cotton lands of Missis­

the great extent of upland whose soil is well

18 79

5 ,0 7 3 ,5 3 1

sippi were utilized, the full crop of this state

suited to the staple.

188 0

5 ,7 5 7 ,3 9 7

alone would equal the largest crop yet pro­

average yield was about .8 of a bale per acre,

duced in the United States.

while that of the uplands was about half as

00

average' yield per inhabitant of the state was

M
00

total product of the state, nearly three-fourths

These reports give a greater production for
0

1870 and 1880, and less for 1850 and i860, than
those of the census for the same years.

It has been estimated

Second in production is Georgia.

Its posi­

great.

The high average yield is due

In the bottom lands, the

These proportions hold also in Missis­

tion is due, however, not to exceptional fertility

sippi and Louisiana, in both of which states are

The total value of the cotton crop of 1879,

of soil, but to its great area devoted to cotton,

large areas of bottom lands, extensively culti­

assuming the average price as ten cents per

and the especial devotion of its people to this

vated in cotton.

pound, was $273,379,553, an average of $16.85

interest. The average production per inhabitant

In Louisiana, a large proportion of the area,

for each man, woman and child living within

was, in 1879, a little over half a bale, and the

particularly that part bordering upon the Gulf,

the cotton-growing belt.

average yield per acre but .31 of a bale, placing

is given over to culture of sugar cane.

it, in the latter respect, very low in the scale.

part of this state south of the latitude of the

The following table gives, by states, the
acreage in cotton, the production in bales, and
the average product per acre planted:

Georgia, shares in the conditions of each.
B ales

A

STATES.

cres.

Alabama, standing between Mississippi and

Product.

per

A

cre.

The

In that

mouth of Red River, only about 6 per cent,
of the tilled land is devoted to cotton.

Owing

area of alluvial land in the state is of very

to the large area of alluvial land upon which

small extent, but there extend over into it

this staple is raised, the average production

Mississippi....................................

2 , 1 0 6 ,2 1 5

9 6 3 ,1 1 1

0 .4 6

from Mississippi two broad belts of very fertile

per acre of Louisiana is the highest of all in

Georgia..........................................

2 ,6 1 7 ,1 3 8

8 1 4 ,4 4 1

0 .3 1

upland soil.

the cotton belt, being .59 of a bale.

T exas.............................................

2 ,1 7 3 ,4 3 5

8 0 5 ,2 8 4

0 -3 7

regards total production, is fourth in the list,

of East Carroll, lying in an alluvial district, in

Alabam a........................................

2 , 3 3 0 ,0 8 6

6 9 9 ,6 5 4

0 .3 0

Arkansas........................................

6 0 8 ,2 5 6

CO
10
6

while in yield per acre its rank is the lowest of

the northeastern corner of the state, has the

1 , 0 4 2 ,9 7 6

South Carolina..............................

1 ,3 6 4 ,2 4 9

5 2 2 ,5 4 8

0 .3 8

all, with the exception of Florida.

highest average

Louisiana......................................

8 6 4 ,7 8 7

5 0 8 ,5 6 9

o -5 9

North Carolina............................

8 9 3 ,1 5 3

3 8 9 ,5 9 8

0 .4 4

Tennessee......................................

7 2 2 ,5 6 2

3 3 0 ,6 2 1

0 .4 6

Florida...........................................

2 4 5 ,5 9 5

5 4 ,9 9 7

0 .2 2

Missouri........................................

3 2 ,1 1 6

2 0 ,3 1 8

Virginia..........................................

4 5 ,0 4 0

Indian Territory..........................

3 5 ,0 0 °

Kentucky......................................

2 ,6 6 7

The

position of Alabama, as

The reason for the lower yield per acre

product

The parish

of any parish or

county, namely, .95 of a bale.

This county

in Alabama and Georgia than in the states

borders upon W ashington county, Miss., and

situated to the eastward or westward, is, as has

Chicot county, Ark., which follow it in point

0 .6 3

been pointed out by Professor Hilgard, that

of production per acre, and together they con­

1 9 ,5 9 5

0 .4 4

while in the newer states on the west the

stitute the area of greatest production, upon

1 7 ,0 0 0

0 .4 9

natural fertility of the soil is not yet exhausted,

natural soils, in the country.

1 ,3 6 7

0 .5 1

of their total product of cotton.

In Texas, nearly all the cotton is grown

in these states, and in the Carolinas, the soil is,

upon upland soils, the area of alluvial land

in greater or less degree, impoverished.

The states are arranged above in the order

indeed, is in many localities scarcely impaired,

being but trifling.

In the

More than half of the crop

The cotton-belt comprises the states lying

Carolinas, however, the lacking elements are

of this state was raised in the northeastern

along the Atlantic coast from North Carolina

being returned to the soil by the use of fer­

section, north of the 32d parallel, and east of

southward, with a few counties of the southern

tilizers, notably the product of the phosphate

the 98th meridian.

part of Virginia; all the Gulf states, with Arkan­

beds of South Carolina, whereas in Alabama

little cotton.

sas, the western parts of Tennessee and Ken­

and Georgia the practice of manuring has not

accounted for partly from the fact that Texas

tucky,

been generally adopted.

has little or none

southeastern

Missouri

and

eastern

The coast counties produce

The low average yield is to be
of the rich alluvial soil

It was raised also in small

The cotton region of Florida is situated

of Louisiana and Mississippi, and partly to the

amount, but not reported in the Census, in

mainly in the northern part, adjacent to Geor­

fact that the year 1879 was an unfavorable

southern Illinois and southern California.

gia.

one, a large part of the crop in central Texas

Indian Territory.

The soil is not of a high grade, and the

The cotton-growing region is outlined in

methods of cultivation are crude, as must be

much greater degree of detail upon the map

inferred from the low average product per

on Plate 109, showing not only the area over

acre— less than one-fourth of a bale.

having been killed by drought.
In North and South Carolina, the culture
of cotton may be said to have reached the

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

lxxxviii

second stage; the original soil has become de­

together about one-fourth, the small remainder

which, collectively, raise 99 per cent, of the crop

pleted through the constant drains made upon

being widely distributed.

of the country.

O f these Kentucky stands first,,

its product being 36 per cent, of the whole.

it by a century of tillage, and good returns are

Tob

a C C O . — The rank of the fifteen prin­

This state, with Virginia, which is second in

In Missouri, cotton culture is restricted to

cipal tobacco-growing states in size of crop,

production, raised more than half of the total

the half dozen counties in the southeastern

area cultivated, and yield per acre, is shown in

crop.

corner, comprised entirely in the bottom lands

the following table:

the great bulk of the crop is raised in what

now dependent on the application of fertilizers.

of the

Mississippi.

Cotton

may be denominated the middle belt of the

is produced in

S iz e o f
C rop.

STATES.

Kentucky only in a few counties in the extreme
western end of the state.

A s appears from the map on Plate n o ,

A

rea

C u l t iv a t e d .

Y

ie l d p e r

A

cre.

country— the region between the 35th and the
41st parallels.

The highest yield per

acre

Kentucky. ..............................

I

I

8

The following table shows the distribution

Virginia....................................

2

2

13

was in the more northern states, Connecticut

of the exportations of 1880, which formed

Pennsylvania..........................

3

7

3

leading in this respect, with Massachusetts,
Pennsylvania, New York and Wisconsin fol­

Ohio.........................................

C O U N T R IE S.

C otton.
( P o u n d s .)

4

6

Tennessee.................................

about two-thirds of the entire crop:

6

5

4

IO

North Carolina........................

6

3

15

M aryland................................

7

5

12

lowing in the order named.
The great difference in the annual yield per

I

acre in different states is due, not alone to

8

7

various degrees of care in its cultivation, and

IO

IO

5

Indiana....................................

II

9

9

New Y o rk ................................

12

13

4

cultivated in different states, and to vicissi­

2

tudes in the seasons.

Connecticut............................

8

England----

I» 9 2, 259>737
I

Missouri..................................

9

F ran ce-----

1 7 9 , 8 4 6 ,2 7 7

Wisconsin................................

Germany__

1 5 4 ,0 2 2 ,5 6 4

Russia........

1 0 2 , 2 5 0 ,0 7 5

II

Spain...........

66,936,354

Massachusetts..........................

13

i5

Netherlands.

3 2 , 6 6 2 ,6 0 3

Illinois......................................

14

12

II

Italy...........

2 9 , 5 6 3 ,1 8 0

West Virginia..........................

15

14

14

Ireland

23 >
595>I I 9

Norway and Sweden............................

1 0 , 3 0 9 ,6 4 5

M exico..................................................

9 » 8 i ,543
8

British Possessions in North America

9 , 8 0 9 ,6 3 3

Belgium................................................

8 , 9 4 8 ,1 6 6

Austria..................................................

The tobacco crop of 1879, returned by the

to

difference in soils, but to the varieties
In the states having the

highest yield per acre, the seed-leaf varieties
are principally grown, and
practiced.

high manuring

In Ohio, also, which has a yield

472,661,157

above the average, the Ohio seed-leaf and the

pounds, showing an increase over that of 1869

Burley varieties are largely grown, both being

84 9 .245

of about 80 per cent.

vigorous in growth.

Census

of 1880,

amounted

to

This crop was grown

In North Carolina, which

Scotland................................................

77 2.3 28

upon 638,841 acres, giving an average yield

has a low yield per acre, the bright yellow

Portugal................................................

238,749

per acre of 739 pounds.

wrapper variety is very extensively raised.

South America....................................

1 1 2 ,3 1 1

Although tobacco is

cultivated to a greater or less extent in nearly

The exports from the United States during

every state and territory, the only exceptions

the year, amounting to 215,974,036 pounds,

O f the total export, England receives nearly

being Colorado, Montana, Utah and Wyoming,

with a value of $18,442,273, constituted 45.7

two-thirds, and France, Germany and Russia

it is a commercial product in only fifteen states,

per cent, of the crop.

A ll Other Countries............................

3,585

P late 9 6

P late 9 6

A G R I C U L T U R E

ill ■I 1 L i ,
2
p lD E V IL S L A K E

Li.,088------------J

LZJ

WHITE
EARTK

2.5M1W
A

M

"m m .
10

»

'"'I "!"V
21

22

30

31

.T R A V E R S E !

J 3 [ 37X 38
ls2~_____'
44
CO

.

_

l lIiF nI
L
?UO
” l 1 73
-12- -.8 j
21

H-

22 | 23
|

32 I33 j

NE BR

7

34 I

F
T

...

-n

»»
q

INDEX.
Ala. .27 M o ... .16
A n z . .47 Mont. .45
A r k .. .33 Nebr. .31
Cal. .32 N ev.. .42
Colo. .40 N .II.. .15
Conn. . 9 N.J. . .11
Dak. .38 N .M ex 44
Del. . . 4 N .Y .. . 5
D.C. . .18 N.C. . .25
Fla. . .37 O h io. . 2
Ga. .. .23 Oreg. .36
Ida. . .43 Pa. .. .10
m . . . . 1 R .l.-- .12
Ind. . . 3 S.C. . .24
Iowa.
Tenn .19
Kans. .26 T e x .. .35
K y ... .13 Utah. .41
La. .. .34 Vt. .. . 6
M e ... -28 Va. ., .17
M d ... . 8 Wash ■39
Mass. .14 W .V a .21
Mich. .22 W is .. .20
Minn. .30 Wyo. 46
Miss. .29

Ratio of Improved Farm Land to
Total Area, by States.
1880.
Rank

State.

47 A riz. .
46 Wyo. .
45 Mont. .
44 N. Mex
43 Ida. . .
42 N ev ...
< 1 U tah..
1
40 Colo. .
39 Wash.38 D a k.. .
37 Fla. ..
36 O r e g . .
35 T e x ...
34 La. . . .
33 A r k ...
32 Cal. ..
31 N ebr..
30 Minn..
29 Miss. .
28 M e ....
27 Ala. ..
26 Kans..
25 N .C ...
24 S.C. ..
23 G a .. . .
22 M ich..
21 W. Va.
20 Wis. ..
19 Tenn..
18 D .C ...
17 V a . ...
16 Mo. ..
15 N . I I . . .
14 M ass..
13 K y ....
12 R. r—
11 N.J. ..
10 Pa. . . .
9 Conn..

SCALE:
S*

Per
Cent.
.07
.1
.2
.3
.3
.4
.7
.9
1.1
1.2
2.7
3.6
. 7.5
9.4
10.5
10.6
11.2
14.2
17.5
18.2
19.3
20.5
20.8
21.3
21.7
22.5
24.0
26.2
31.7
32.8

~ ~ t -------- - f - P

■
li
5 15
7 8
I

•

■

J

a -jin
s
U

li? O iP iS iS lip illS

_

U - l

■-.•.TAq'i

3

I ,-

'■

8

!

j f i o

liP

it'
«>“ 'N O
O ,:

»»80,A^
y UA )
ON

!n c f
^

15*

■ u n o r g a n iz e d

,-.\“ 0,l-“a rrf

jmoPJ6 %5u eS '
ee O u ^"ta6 ^J
^ A ^%o :j
o
Fe

1*
0

Tex.

- L

1 \
4

I

“
No improved land reported__

Minn.

N Mrv

mm
*?

Kans
Ga.
Mich.
W .V a .

3j
0g

r*

ahrq
ce .
200A-

35*

W is.

Under

Tenn.
D .C .
V a.

40*
M o.

1 % of total area_____

10

1# and under 10# of total area.

•y ^AO:
PG
. / 6,000-.:.

45*
N.H.
Mass.

50*
55*

\ m iy m

Pa.
■onn.
M d.

8 M d .... 52.9
7 Iow a . 55.9
6 Vt. . . .
5 N .Y ...
4 Del. ..
3 Ind. ..
2 O h io..
1 111____

—

—

zs^ a ssa
TE ip

■—

N .Y .
Del.
In c.

I

—

PM —
H i

—

Iowa
vt.

■■■■■■

m m .i

65*
70*

■ HBS I
BBB

Ohio.

V :L U \

75*

111.

1

RETRO SPECT.—Total Farm Land.

•.

Year.

Acres.
Improved.

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

D .C ...
R .l—
Del. ..
C onn..
N.J. ..
M ass..
N .II...
Vt. ...
M d ....
W .Va.
Me. . .
S.C. ..
Ind. ..
K y ... .
Va. . .
O h io..
T enn..
Pa.. ..
La. . . .
Miss. .
N .Y ...
N .C ...
Ala. . .
A r k ...
Fla___
Wis. ..
Iow a .
Ill____
M ich ..
G a .. . .
Wash.M o ....
N eb r..
iMinn..
Kans..
U tah..
Ida. ..
O res. Wyo. .
iColo. .
N ev ...
Ariz. .
N. Mex
M ont..
D a k...
k^al. -iT ex ...

Total.

12,632
38,400
298,486
694,400
746,958
1,254,400
1,642,188
3,100,800
4,771,200
2,096,297
2,128,311
5,145,600
2,308,112
5,763,200
5,846,400
3,286,461
6,310,400
3,342,700
3,792,327 15,772,800
3,484,908 19,132,800
4,132,050 19,308,800
13,933,738 22,982,400
10,731,683 25,600,000
8,510,113 25,680,000
18,081,091 26,086,400
8,496,556 26,720,000
13,423.007 28,790,400
2,739,972 29.068,800
5,216,937 29,657,600
17,717,863 30,476,800
6,481,191 31,091,200
6,375,706 32,9a5,600
3,595,603 33,948,800
947,640 34,713,600
9,162,528 34,848,000
19,866,541 35,504,000
26,115,154 35,840,000
8,296,862 36,755,200
8,204.720 37,747,200
484,346 42,803,200
16,745,031 43,990,400
5,504,702 48,758,400
7,246,693 50,691,200
10,739,566 52,288,000
416,105 52.601,600
197,407 53,945,600
2,198,645 60,518,400
as, 122 62,448,000
616,169 66,332,800
344,423 70,233,600
56.071 72.268,800
237.392 78,374,400
262,611 92,998,400
1,150.413 94,528,000
10,669,698 99,827,200
12,650.314 167,865,600

SCALE:
5 000,000 Acres.

)

293,560,614
407,212,538
407,735,041
536.081,835

100,000

200,000

300,000

2 5 0 ,0 0 0

350,000

400,000

Indian Reservations...

RETRO SPEC T.— Ratio of Improved Farm Land to Total Area in Farms.
Year.

- IV, Va.
■Me.

Me.
S.C.

- s .c .

38.50
40.06
46.33
53.12

SCALE!
5*

Per
Cent.

1850
1860
1870
1880

15,000,000

1*
0
mH ma
m ia
ma
H

"K y .

2*
0

25*

Unsettled Parts..
30*

35*

40*

50*

45*

— a—
— ■fflBOB IIM H W I

RETROSPECT.— Average Size of Farms.

Ft.
• Ohio

Tenn.

15*

2 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

~Va.

30,000,000

■ Pa.

Pa.
La.
Miss.
N .Y.

■
Miss.
-N .Y .
■Ark

150,000

—
I
B BBSE5B^ w
R39923H w
BHfl
■B5 E

10 , 000,000

■La.

187 ■
U - 1 S*"

SCALE: 5000Q A ores

— N.C.
-A la .

1850
I860
1870
1880

35,000,000

NIC.
Ala.

SCALE:
25 A cres. 50

Y e a r . A cr e s .

203
199
153
134

ind .

IOO

75

125

175

200

wm
am
Year.

RETRO SPECT.— Total Number of Farms.

"M o.

• Nebr.

45,000,000

•Minn.
* K ans.
■ Utah
-~ O re g .
Wyo.
-C o lo .
-N ev.
A riz.
-x..w> X.
-Mont. —
'Dak.
-C al.

A la. ..25 111------ 20 Mo___ 16|R.I___ 46
A riz.
Ind. ..35 M ont.. 4 S.C. ..36
Ark. ..24 Io w a .21 N ebr.. 15 T e n n ..31
Cal. . . 2 K ans.. 13 N e v ... 7 T e x ... 1
Colo. . 8 Ky. ...3 4 N .H ...41 U tah.A 2
Conn. .44 La. ...2 9 N.J. ..43 Y t. ...4 0
D a k ... 8 Me___ 37jN .M ex 5 Va. ..33
Del. ..45 M d . ...39 N .Y ...27 Wash.-Yt
D .C . ..47 Mass..42|N.C. ..26 W . Va. 38
Fla. -.23 M ich ..19 O h io..32 W is. ..22
Ga. ...1 8 M in n ..l4 0 re g . .10 Wyo. . 9
Ida. ..1 1 Miss. .28iPa___ “ “

50,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Mo.

00,000 ] 000,000

Year.

Nebr.
M in i.

Farms.

1850
1860
1870
1880

1,449,073
2,044,077
2,659,986
4,008,907

Value.

1850 $151,587,638
1860 246,118,141
1870 330,878,429
1880 406,520,055

SCALE

INDEX.

\

Implements and Machinery.

"F la .

— Wash.

v

RETROSPECT.— Total Value of Farming

40,000,000

■Iow a

j

: ,600,000
■ 2 500,000
■

M S BM

[

*/

warn

RETROSPECT.— Total Value of Farms.

/

j

kans-

|

i

’ 'F — H

N.MtX.

v

> . ~ 'v

V

----- ----------

v
--------- z- U U t e n n .
pnn.
I.T.

j

mo.

____ J

/*>

nC

ARK. f f
I
----- \MISS.

TEX.
$ 2 ,000 ,000,000

\

$ 2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

\

* 10, 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

* 7 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
law $3,271,575,426
1860j 6.645.045,007
1870 9,232,803,861 A vera g e premium on gold , 25.3*
1880' 10.1:17,096,776

65,000,000

IVo
y.

i

---- --------

r .l

I OHIO, —:
j
y
t

/■ '-'.lyV.VA/

COLO.

$1,500,000,000

60,000,000
Oreg.

j

§1,000,000,000

55,000,000
Hans.
Utah.
Id a .

/—

ARIZ.

SCALE:
$500,000,000
Av. premium on gold, 25.3

UT*H.

Ni

S
.j

Rank State.

Acres.

ia5o
I860
1870
1880

Total Area and Improved Farm Land, by States, 1880.

cai«p

70,000,000
NevF______
A riz.

7 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
. T.MtX..

I

21
A verage premium! on g o ld , 25.3*

80,000,000
85,000,000

90,000,000
Mont.
95,000,000
D ak.

-T e x .

100 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

125,00 0,00 0

150,000,000
Tex.

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS,.

P late 97

P late 97

AG RICU LTU RE
RETROSPECT,
100,000,000 B u shels.

Census.

5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

r,ooo, ooo,ooo

1,5 00,0 00,0 00

592,071,104
838,792,742
700,944,549
1,754,591,070

t M ■B -------:
w mM m m
mm.
..A
.
PRODUCT, PER SQUARE M IL E OF TOTAL AREA,
B Y C O U N T IE S .

R.THOliO

(Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.)
iW N B G SH
iN E A O ISH
2>i 12; -TA

.

OT NGh
NO A O

■R V R ^
T A E SE

■ T NI
WN E
9 10:

9 j*Denver

' UT
< MB
2'5
3
Product, per Square Mile of Total Area,
by States, 1880.
Bushels.

scale:

100 Bushels per Sq. Mile.
Wyo.. .
Mont. .
N e v ...
Ida. ..
A riz. .
Wash.Oreg. .
U tah..
Colo. .
N. Mex
C al.. .
D a k ...
M e .. . .
Fla. ..
T e x ...
N .H ...
Minn..
La. . . .
Vt. . . .
Mass..
R.
C onn..
S. C. ..
G a .. . .
A r k ...
Miss. .
Ala. ..
D .C . ..
N .Y ...
M ich ..
W . Va.
N.C. . .
W is. .
Y a .. . .
N ebr..
Pa. . . .
K ans..
N.J. ..
T en n ..
M d ....
K y ,.. .
Del. ..
O h io..
M o ....
Ind. ..
Iow a .
Ill____

■ M ucheeI
E .N

INDEX,

1.3
1.9
4.3
5.1
12.7
13.5
32.1
58.5

110.8

149.9
187.2
217.7
220.4
223.5
343.7
I----------------388.1
389.9
393.3
455.3
460.5
493.8
495.8
539.4
565.2
571.7
576.7
628.6
725.7
859.0
1.018.5
1.294.1
1.495.7
1.503.3
1.619.5
1.821.3
1.986.8
2.744.7
2.944.8
3.215.8
4.957.9
5,817.7

Ala. -.21'Mo___ 4
A riz. .43 Mont. .40
Ark. ..23 N ebr.. 13
Cal. -.37 N e v ...45
Colo. .39 N .H ...32
Conn..26 N .J. ..10
D a k.. AO N .M ex38
D e l... 6 N .Y ... 19
D. C. ..20 N.C. ..16
Fla. ..34 O h io .. 5
Ga----- 24 Oreg. .41
Ida. ..4 4 Pa. ...1 2
111.. . . 1 It.I— 27
Ind.
3 S.C. ..25
Io w a .. 2 T enn .. 9
K ans.. 11 T e x ... 33
K y----- 7 Utah. AO
La. ..3 0 V t___ 29
M e . . . . 35 Y a .. ..14
Md. . . 8 Wash. AH
Mass. .28 W .V a. 17
M ich .. 18 W is ... 15
M inn ..31 Wyo. .47

b A8 l
tQ
OlCffJ'f^
BU S

u n o r g a n iz e d :

TERR. ;

----- -A H A C A A
A T LR

'lOFSj; ^■fihuoue;
EoS
V"ta Fe'
/D E 08
PC
yO M G
O 'N O
•Lpe:'w;-'

m

’08 T/ T
>3 I Z
/

'StE,TA

No crop reported

n.mex.

( p /g
s ans

Under 100 Bushels per Sq. Mile

100 and under 400

'fSCALERo
a

.PAC h e

.

—
»-,2o o -— :

j ^PG TAAo
I 6,000 •
.

2,000

2,000

3,0 0 0

3,500

4 ,0 0 0

4,000

4 ,5 0 0

8,000 and over,

Indian Reservations
\ iitouio

Rank State.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
18
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Wyo. .
Mont. .
N e v ...
Ida. . .
D . C . ..
A riz. .
Wash.Oreg. .
Utah..
R .I----Colo. .
N . Mex
M e.. . .
N .H ...
Mass..
C onn..
Cal. ..
D a k .. .
v t . ...
Fla. ..
Del. ..
La. ..
N.J. ..
S.C. ..
W. Va.
Minn..
Md. ..
Miss. .
Ga. . . .
A r k ...
A la. ..
N .Y ...
N.C. ..
T e x ...
Va. . . .
M ich ..
Wis. ..
Pa. . . .
Tenn.
N ebr..
K y .. . .
K ans..
O h io ..
Ind. ..
M o ....
Iow a ..
Ill____

‘Galveston

Unsettled Parts.
B ushels.

5,649
12,891
16,408
29,750
34,746
39,183
126,862
183,342
372,967
455,968
633,786
960,633
1,350,248
1,797,768
1,880,421
1,993,325
2,000,864
2,0i4,271
3,174,234
3,894,264
9,889,689
11,150.705
11,767,099
14,090.609
14,831,741
15,968,533
21,340,800
23,202,018
24,156,417
25,451,278
25,G O 156
O,
28,019,839
29,065,172
21), 119,761
32,461,452
34,230,579
45,821,531
62,764,429
65,450,135
72,852,263
105,729,325
111,877,124
115,482,300
202,414,413
275,021,247
325.792,481

BY STATES,
1880.

r—

J ._

NEBR.

>

KANS.
tenn.

H.MEX.
E x p l a n a t o r y . - This exhibit is based upon the pro­
d u ct as com pared with the total area. The succeeding
one is based upon the p rod u ct as com pared with the area
planted.___________________________________________________

100 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
120 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
14 0,00 0,00 0
160,000,000
18 0,00 0,00 0
2 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A IlL E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO NS.

2 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

2 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

2 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

2 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

3 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

P late 9 8

Rank State.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

AG RICU LTU RE

Bush.

Wyo. .
Fla. . .
S.C. . .
Ga.. ..
T e x ...
N .C ...
Ala. ..
La. . . .
Miss. .
U tah..
N .M ex
V a . - ..
Wash.A r k ...
A riz. .
Del. ..
Colo. .
T en n ..
D a k ...
O r e g ..
M d ..._
Ky. . .
W . Va.
N e v ...
Cal. . .
M ont..
Ida. ..
D .C ...
M e .. . .
K ans..
R .I___
Ind. ..
N.J. ..
N .Y ...
Pa. . . .
M ass..
Wis. C onn..
M inn..
O hio..
M ich ..
m .......
M o ....
V t___
N .H ...
N eb r..
Iow a .

8.8
9.0
9.1
11.7
12.1
12.3
13.3
13.5
13.6
15.2
16.4
18.5
18.6
19.1
19.2
19.8
21.6
22.0
22.4
24.1
24.1
24.9
26.4
27.7
28.6
28.8
28.8
30.9
30.9
31.3
31.3
32.3
32.9
33.3
33.6
33.7
33.7
33.8
34.8
35.2
36.1
36.2
36.4
36.8
40.1
41.5

’25 ’26 ’27 ’28 ’9(1830)’1 ’32 ’33 ’34 ’35 ’36 ’37 ’38 ’9(1840)’1 ’42 ’43 ’44 ’45 ’46 ’47 ’48 ’9( 851

’52 ’53 ’54 ’55 ’56 ’57 ’58 ’»( 801

’62 ’63 ’si ’65 ’66 ’67 ’68 ’9 ( 870) ’l|*72! *73 ’74 ’75 ’76 *77 ’78 ’9 (80)

_

i'

1
■ 1 •
-iv

/
;
“

.

\
\

r

i

1

T

T

T

|

■

V

'i -

1' v
.

Ts
"h
A

1

V -A*

\

/

L
>
y

X

_L

i
A
1
~Xi

A

T

•f

1
1 1

-

■T
• 1

y

|

A.

Table of Low an H
est d ighest Prices of
Cheapest G C p B el,
rade orn, er ush
In N York,
ew
(From the “ American Almanac and Treasury
of Facts,” 1881.)
Year

L.

1825 $0
1826
1827
1828
1829

A N N U A L EXPORT, 1860-1880.
SCALE:
$ 2 ,000,000

$

■V

^|

(Based on R eports o f the B ureau o f Statistics.)

2,399,808
6,890,865
10,387,383
10,592,704
3,404,398
3,849,758
11,070,395
14,871,092
13,094,036
6,820,719
1870
1,287,575
1871
7,458,997
1872 23,984,365
1873 23,794,694
1874 24,769,951
1875 24,456,937
1876 33,265,280
1877 41,621,245
1878 48,030,358
1879 40,655,120
1880 53,298,247

I

0’ ’62 ’63 ’64 ’65 ’66 ’67 ’68 ’9 (}»• 0)’l *72 ’73 ’74 *75 »76 ’77 *78 ’9 (80)
)l

SCALE—Each space b etw een the price lines represents five cents.

1860 $
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868

,

f

X

’25 ’26 ’27 ’28 ’9( 830)’ 1 ’32 ’331 ’34 ’35 ’36 ’37 ’38 ’9( 1840)’l ’42 ’43 ’44 ’45 ’46 ’47 ’48 ’9( 1850)’1 ’52 ’53 ’54 ’55 ’56 ’57 ’58 ’9 ( 180

Value.

lL

i\

A

A

Highest

Lowest

—

hf N
i

$ 0
1.0

/ 1
/ i

10, 0 0 0 * 0 0 0

$

2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

H.

Year.

42 $0 75 1853
62
83 1854
54
75 1855
62 1856
46
64 1857
48
65 1858
1S I) 48
S
1831
54
75 1859
1832
50
87 1800
1833
65
86 1861
53
75 1862
18*4
1835
70 1 12 1863
1836
83 1 12 1864
1837 1 00 1 15 1865
1838
76 1 00 1866
1839
75
98 1867
Isto 46
63 1868
1841
47
S1 1869
1842
54
68 1870
1843
48
60 1871
1844
43
54 1872
1845
45
85 18.3
1846
55
80 1874
1847
64 1 10 1875
1848
52
78 1876
1849
70 1877
57
1850
55
72 1878
1851
53
68 1879
1852
62
78 1880

L.

H.

$0 64 $0 82
98
76
93 1 15
94
48
98
71
58 1 03
76 1 05
95
64
48
74
75
50
68 1 23
t 25 1 97
70
97
80 1 32
1 00 1 40
1 41
1 01
75 1 16
76 1 15
65
90
61
80
50
77
53
84
49
76
49
38
58
41
60
45
64
44
61
48*

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S.

i

P late 98

P late 99

P late 9 9

3
?

m
900

„

1,500

..

»

ft

.

ip 6

I V 'i p T
Total Product, by States, 1880.
„ 27

Rank State.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

R .I .--.
Fla. ..
Wyo. .
La. . . .
D .C ...
M ass..
Conn..
N e v ...
A riz. .
N .II...
Miss. .
Vt. . . .
M ont..
Id a . ..

M e ....
N .M ex
S.C. -U t a h ..

Del. ..
A r k ...
Colo. .
Ala. ..
N.J. ..
W a s h .-

T e x ...
Dak. ._
Ga. . . .
N.C. ..
W. Va.
T enn ..
O r e g ..
V a .. . .
M . .
<1.
K y ....
N .Y ...
N ebr..
Kans..
Pa___
W is ...
M o ....
Cal. ..
Iow a.Minn..
M ich..
O h io..
Ind. ..
Ill____

Bushels.
240
422
4,674
5,0:34
6,402
15,768
38,742
69,298
136,427
169,316
218,890
337,257
469,688
540,589
665,714
706,641
962,358
1,169,199
1,175,272
1,269,715
1,425,014
1,529,657
1,901,739
1,921,322
2,567,737
2,8:30,289
3,159,771
3.397,393
4,001,711
7,331,353
7.480,010
7.826,174
8.(X)4,864
11,356,113
11,587,766
13,847,007
17,324,141
19,462,406
24,884,689
24,966,627
29,017,707
31,154,205
34.601,030
35,532,543
46,014,869
47,284,853
51,110,502

Ala. --2ttiMo-----8
A riz. .39 Mont. .35
Ark. ..28 Nebr.,12
7 N ev...40
4,000,000 Bushels.
Colo. .27 N .H ...38
C onn..41 N.J. ..25
Dak. ..22 N.Mex32
8 ,000,000
Del. ..29 N .Y ...13
D. C. ..43 N.C. ..20
Fla. ..46 O h io.. 3
Ga. ...21;O reg. .17
12,000,000
Ida. ..34 Pa___ 10
111____1 R .I— 47
Ind. . . 2 S.C. ..31
16,000,000
Iow a .. 6 Tenn. .18
K a n s..ll T e x . ..23
Ky. ..14 U ta h ..30
La. ...4 4 Vt. ...3 6
2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
M e ....33 V a .. ..16
Md___15 Wash.-24
Mass. .42 W .Va. 19
24,000,000 M ich .. 4 W is.. . 9
M inn.. 5 Wyo. .45
Miss. .371

SC ALE:

28,000,000
32,000,000

36,000,000
4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

44,000,000

48,000,000
52,000,000

_L

Fla. ..
Wyo. .
La. . . .
R.
I—
N e v ...
A riz. .
M ass..
Mont. .
Miss. .
N . Mex
Ida.
C onn..
T e x ...
Colo. .
U tah..
N .H ...
D a k...
M e ....
A r k ...
Ala. ..
Wash.
S. C. ..
Y t. . . .
G a .. . .
N .C ..
O r e g ..
79.1
D .C ...
106.7
Cal. ..
121.9
W . V a.
162.3
T en n ..
175.6
N ebr..
181.7
V a .. . .
194.9
K ans..
212.0
N .Y ...
243.3
N.J. ..
255.0
K y ... .
283.9
M o ,...
363.2
Pa. . . .
432.6
M inn..
436.8
W is ...
457.0
561.5
Iow a .
Del. ..
599.6
M ich..
618.7
Md. ..
811.8
Ill.......
912.6
O h io .. 1,128.9
Ind. .. 1,316.7

Ala. ..28 M o ....11
A riz. .42 Mont. .40
A r k .. .29 N ebr.. 17
Cal. ..20 N e v ...43
Colo. .34 N .H ...32
C onn..36 N.J. ..13
Da>c... 31 N.MexW,
D el... 6 N .Y ...14
D C . . . 21 N.C. ..23
Fla. ..47 O h io .. 2
Ga___ 24 Oreg. .22
Ida. ..37 Pa. ...1 0
111_____ 3 R .I... .44
Ind. . . 1 S.C. ..26
Io w a .. 7 T enn .. 18
Kans.. 15 T e x . ..35
Ky___ 12 Utah. . 33
La. ..4 5 V t ___ 25
M e . . . . 30 V a .. ..16
Md. . . AW ash.-27
Mass. .41 W .V a. 19
Mich . 5 W is ... 8
M inn.. 9 Wyo. .46
Miss. .3 9 1 _______

E x p l a n a t o r y . — Th is exhibit is based upon the p ro­
d uct as com pared with the total area. The succeeding
one is based upon the p rod u ct as com pared with the area
planted.

_/
C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO NS.

f

P late 1 0 0

P late 1 0 0

AG RICU LTU RE

WHEAT
Y IEL D

PER ACRE OF AREA SO W N
B Y C O U N TIE S.

[FT.BERTHOLO

8T
»,7°2 9

(Based

I

tlie Returns of the Tenth Census.)

/ ‘'. D E V IL S L A K E
! , { ™

! 1 ,0 8 0 -----

icD G SH
A O lSH

w h it e I
Ea RTW

1880

O T NGI
NO A O

2,6b0[
LEECH

P IN E
O T
.136 ; . 2

{j! y.N.
WP
ark

|603?*M 1 62 ,

C3 I M

iRacine

:W & >
ea < ,

Yield, per Acre of Area Sown,

Rank State.

Bush.

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

3.3
5.0
5.2
5.2
5.6
5.7
6.1
6.2
6.6
6.8
8.6
9.3
9.4
9.8
10.1
10.2
10.6
11.3
12.0
12.6
12.7
13.4
13.4
13.7
14.0
14.1
15.0
15.1
15.1
15.7
15.8
15.8
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.8
17.6
18.0
18.4
18.8
19.3
19.4
22.0
22.5
23.5
24.4
26.5

La. . . .
Miss. .
N .C ...
F la .. .
s . c . ..
Ala. ..
Tenn..
A r k ...
G a .. . .
T e x ...
Va. . .
Kans..
N ebr..
K V ---.
W .V a.
Iow a .
D ak. . .
Minn..
M o ....
N .J. ..
W is ...
P a .. ..
Del. ..
N. Mex
M d ....
R .I—
N .H ...
Me. . .
A riz. .
N .Y ...
in ____
Cal. ..
Utah. .
v t . ...
M ass..
Orejr..
C onn..
O h io..
Ind. ..
N e v ...
Wyo. .
M ich ..
Colo. .
D C ...
Wash.Ida. ..
Mont. .

,

Ala. . 42J o ....29
M
A riz. .19 1
Mont. . 1
A rk .. .401 ebr.. 35
N
Cal. . 161 e v ... 8
N
Colo. .
N .H ...21
Conn.
N.J. ..28
D a k .. .31 j Mex 24
N.
Del.
251 .Y ...1 8
N
D .C .. 41 .C ...45
N
Fla. . .44 O h io .. 10
Ga.
39 0reg. .12
Ida. . . 2 Pa. ...2 6
17 R .I-----22
Ind. .
8.C. ..43
Iowa.
Tenn..41
Kans.
T ex. ..38
Ky.
U tah.A h
La. ..
Vt. ...1 4
M e ...
Va. ...3 7
Wash.- 3
M d ...
Mass.
W .V a.33
W is. ..27
Mich.
Wyo. _ 7
Minn.
Miss..

15]
11

1 241
03 1
KICKAPC

UNORGANIZED

ii
J ce0 (> .
6M
o
2IA
O

2U N .
EI

TERR, j

Ma F / ‘
[wco* h

No crop reported

, 6a o ^3'
n ia
HAGuna

11
1.

Under 5 Bushels per Acre

N. MEX.

5 and under 8 Bushels per Acre.—
SPRINGS
A Pa C H£

—
J,200- - .

DE W HEAT FOR 56 yEAWB
Lowest and Highest Prices, p^r Busljel, in New York,
(Based on the accom panying tab!
’oasaori

$ 2.00

20 Bushels and over,

o f prices.)

’9 (1 8 5 0 ),l

$ 2 .0 0

Indian Reservations

Table of Low and H
est
ighest Prices of
C
heapest G
rade W
heat, p
er
B
ushel, In N York,
ew
$1.50

Highest
$ 1.00

—

.
—

Lowest
1.00

$

SI
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

06
02
25
62
75
15
35
35
28

11
0
1
250
1
2
20
1
0
237
0
1

Lowest

1 25
1 50
1 30

12
0
1 12

Yearj

^Galveston

Unsettled Parts

(From " T h e American Alm anac and Treaaury o f Facta,” 1881.

Value.

1S O ft 4,076,704
C
1861 38,313,624
1802 42,578,295
1803 46,754,195
1804 31,432,131
1865 19,398,028
1800
7,842,749
1867
7,822,555
1808 30,247,632
1809 24,383,259
1870 47,171,229
1871 45,143,424
1872 38,915,060
1873 51,452,254
1874 101,421,459
1875 59,607,863
1876 68,382,899
1877 47.135,562
1878 96,872,016
1879| 130,701,079
1880 190.546,305

1
1
1
1
1
1

40
35
95
40
35
50

1 22

1 15

BY STATES,

1853 $1 22
1854 1 75
1855 1 96
1856 1 30
1857 1 25
1858 1 20
1859 1 30
1860 1 35
18C1 1 20
1862 1 30
1863 1 25
1864 1 72
1865 1 25
1866 2 20
1867 2 30
1868 2 05
1869 1 45
1870 1 40
1871 1 45
1872 1 65
1873 1 55
93
1874
1875
92
84
1876
1877 1 06
1878
1879
1880

NEBR.

KANS.

n .m e x .

E x p l a n a t o r y ,—This exhibit is based upon the pro­
d uct as com pared w ith the area planted. The p reced ­
ing one is based upon the p rod u ct as com pared w ith the
total area.

$ 100 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ ,0 0 0
110 0 ,0 0
$ 120 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$130,000,000
$ 1 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 1 50,0 00,0 00

C O P Y R I G H T , 1 8 8 3 , B Y U M m i i l e s S U K l B N t K 'S s u iN o .

$ 1 60,0 00,0 00

$1 70,0 00,0 00

$1 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$190,0 00,0 00

I

P late 101

P late 10 J,

No crop reported_________________

Under 20 Bushels per Sq. M ile ______

20 and under 100 Bushels per Sq. M ile..

a

Total Product, by States, 1880.
Rank State.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
8
2
1

A riz. .
D .C ...
Wyo. .
N. Mex
R .I—
N e v ...
La. . . .
Del. . .
U tah..
Ida. . .
Fla. ..
Colo. M ass..
Mont. .
Conn..
N .1I...
Cal. ..
Wash.Md. ..
W. Va.
Miss. .
Dak. ..
A r k ...
M e .. . .
S.C. ..
Ala. ..
N.J. ..
v t . ...
N .C ...
O r e g ..
K y ... .
Term..
T e x ...
V a .. . .
Ga___
N ebr..
K ans..
Ind. ..
M ich..
M o ....
Minn..
O h io..
W is ...
P a .. . .
N .Y ...
Iow a .
Ill.......

Bushels.
564
7,440
22,512
156,527
159,339
186,860
229,840
378,508
418,082
462,236
468,112
640,900
645,159
900,915
1,009,706
1,017,620
1,341,271
1,571,706
1,794,872
1,908,505
1,959,620
2,217,132
2,219,822
2,265.575
2,715,505
3,039,639
3,710,573
3,742,282
3,838,068
4,385,650
4,580,738
4,722,190
4,893,359
5,333,181
5,548,743
6,555,875
8,180,385
15,599,518
18,190.793
20,670,958
23,382,158
28,664,505
32,905,320
33,841,439
37,575,506
50,610,591
63,189,200

4,000,000 Bushels.

,

8 0 00,000

12, 000,000
16,000,000
2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
24,000,000
28,000,000

*>

tt

1,500 Bushels per Sq. M ile and over,_

- ^ IN D E X .

SCALE:

1,500

Ala. ..22 M o___ 8
A riz. AT Mont. .34
Ark. ..25 N e b r..l2
Cal. --31|Nev...42
Colo. .36 N .I I ...32
Conn. .33; N .J. ..21
Dak. ..26 N .M ex 44
Del. .-40!n .Y .. . 3
D .C ..A S N.C. ..19
Fla. ..37 O h io .. 6
Ga. ...1 3 Oreg. .18
Ida. ..38 Pa. . . . 4
111 __ 1 R .I ....4 3
Ind. ..lO S .C . ..23
Io w a .. 2 T e n n ..l6
K a n s ..ll T ex. ..15
K y-----17 U ta h.. 39
La___ 41 V t------20
M e ....24 V a ----- 14
Md— 29 Wash.-SO
M ass..35W .Y a.28
M ich .. 9 'W is ... 5
Minn.. 7i Wyo. .45
Miss. .271

Rauk

30,000,000
4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
44,000,000
48,000,000
52,000,000
56,000,000
6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
64,000,000

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

State.

Bushels.

A riz. .
.005
Wyo. .
.2
1.2
N .M ex
N e v ...
1.7
U tah..
5.0
La. . . .
5.0
Ida. ..
5.4
Mont..
6.1
Colo. .
6.1
Cal. ..
8.5
Fla. ..
8.6
D ak...
15.0
T e x ...
18.6
Wash..
23.5
A r k ...
41.8
42.2
Miss. .
46.3
O r e g ..
58.9
Ala. ..
Me___
75.7
77.4
W . Va.
N .C ...
79.0
80.2
Mass..
N ebr..
86.0
90.0
S.C. ..
94.0
Ga___
1( 0.1
K ans..
K y ... .
112.0
113.0
N .H ...
113.1
Term ..
124.0
D .C ...
132.9
V a ----146.8
R .I----Md. . .
182.0
Del. ..
193.1
208.4
Conn..
295.2
Minn..
M o ....
300.7
M ich..
316.7
409.6
Vt. . . .
434.4
Ind. ..
N.J. ..
497.7
604.3
W is ...
703.2
O h io..
752.2
P a .. . .
789.0
N .Y ...
912.3
Iow a.in ____ 1,128.3

Indian Reservations_____ _______
C onn..13 N .J. . . 7
Dak. . .36 N .M ex45
Del. --1 4 N .Y ... 3
D .C . ..18 N.C. -.27
Fla. ..37!O h io .. 5
Ga___ 2% Oreg. .31
Ida. ..4 1 !Pa. . . . 4
111____ 1 R .I .-.1 S
Ind. .. 8JS.C. -.24
I o w a . 2,Tenn..l9
Kans..22 T ex. -.35
K y___ 21 U ta h ..43
La. . ..42| V t___ 9
M e ...,29 V a . . . . 17
Md. ..15 Wash. 34
Mass. .26 W .V a.28
M ich.. 10 W is .. . 6
Minn..12 Wyo. .46
Miss. .32

Unsettled Parts____ ___________

E x p l a n a t o r y This exhibit is based upon the pro­
d u ct as com pared with the total area. The succeeding
one is based upon the p rod u ct as com pared w ith th e area
planted.
1,000

1,200

I
C O P Y R IG H T . 1883. BY C H A R G E S S C R IB N E R 'S SO N S.

f

P late 102

P late 102

AG-BIOULTUKE

S

p

/V N

\

)l^"

KEY

Yield, per Acre of Area Sown,
by States, 1880.
Rank State.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

N .C ...
La. . . .
G a .. . .
Ala. . .
V a .. . .
Fla. . .
Miss. .
T en n ..
S.C. ..
K y .. . .
A r k ...
W. Va.
N. Mex
M d ....
K ans..
A riz. .
Tex. ..
Mo. ..
U tah..
Del. ..
Ind. ..
N eb r..
Cal. ..
N.J. . .
C on n ..
Wyo. .
Pa. . . .
D. C ...
Colo. .
D a k ...
R .I .—
M e ....
Oreg. .
N .Y ...
M ass..
O h io . .
N e v ...
111. . ..
Iow a .
M ich ..
Wis. ..
N .H ...
Ida. ..
M o n t..
V t____
Minn..
Wash.-

Bash.
7.6
8.5
9.0
9.3
9.4
9.7
9.8
10.0
10.3

SC A L E :
3 Bushels per A cre.
6 9 12 15

No crop reported................................
/*

Under 10 Busliels per A cre_____
18
IN D E X .

21

27

30

10 and under 18 Busliels per Acre..

Ala. . .44 M o ... .30
A riz. .32 Mont. . 4
A rk.. .37 Nebr. .26
Cal. . .25 N ev.. .11
Colo. .19 N.H.. 6
Conn. .23 N.J. . .24
D ak.. .18 N.M exSh
Del. . .28 N .Y .. .14
D .C .. .20 N.C. . .47
Fla. . .42 Ohio. .12
G a ... .45 Oreg. .15
Ida. . 5 Pa. . . .21
111.- . . .10 R .I.—.17
Ind. . .27 S.C. . .39
Iowa. . 9 Tenn. .40
Kans. .33 T e x .. .31
K y ... .88 Utah. 29
La. . . .46 Vt. .. 3
M e ... 16 V a ... .43
M d ... .34 Wash - 1
Mass. .13 W .V a.36
M idi. 8 W is .. 7
Minn. 2 Wyo. .22
Miss. 41

r,

40 Busliels and over,

Indian Reservations...

E x p o r t . —The exp ort o f oats has been
small. U ntil 1870, the records reported oats
with rye and other m inor grains. Between
1870 and 1880 the values o f the tota l annual
exp ort o f oats only, varied from $76,528 to
$1,618,644.

Table of Low an H
est d ighest Prices of
Cheapest G
rade O
ats, p
er
B
ushel, in N York.
ew

WYO.

4

(From the “ American Almanac and Treasury
of Facts,” 1881.)

1880.

PRICE-CH A RT OF TH E C H EA PEST GRADE O AT S FOR 56 YEARS.
(Based on the a ccom panying table o f prices.)

$
l

Of 18401*1

*07 *G > 187p)»lj»72
H 9f

*9f l 850)»l

nn)
<o

22.

1
t

50c.
40c.

40c.

m

Highest"

20c.

1S 0
3

^ighest

50c.

owest
30c.

-

Lowesr

10c.
*27 > 9(188Q), l
28l’

*2»|’34 *35P36 W ^38 ^
33
3

184U)U

TO

’62

21

S C A L E — Each space betw een the price lines represents five cents.

*67l*68l*9(1870)»l

*72, *73

*75 *76

w

^79(80)

L.

18SB S0
1820
1827
1828
1829

Lowest and Highest Prices, per Bushel, in New York

57 S T
7S T

Year.

1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839

IM
U

1811
1812
1843
1844
1845
181(1
1817
1818
1849
IS5(i
1851
1852

H.

Year.

L.

!!!;|

iJSiWU.

1.

H.

C<

20 $0 40 1853 $0 41 $0 52
60 1854
45
42
75
42
82
31
56 1855
35
50
24
37 1856
40
66
46 1857
27
40
53
26
40 18.58
36
48 1859
58
27
56 I8 0
38
6
37
47
30
30
48 1861
47
28
48 1862
37
67
75 1863
53
90
33
75 1864
86 1 02
40
75 1865
45
90
40
25
60 1866
55
85
94
30
60 1867
67
24
43 1868 Nominal.
37
50 1869
62
84
25
70 52
53 18
69
34 1871
42
70
27
42
27
37 1872
57
29
51 1873
42
58
28
48 1874
38
53
65 1875
39
30
64
32
51 1876
28
35
33
49 1877
22
46
51 1878
29
45
37
65
80 1879
31
50
75
86 18 0
36
49
S

o l.

KN
A S.

"ask. r \

\

Sp l

‘ iw * fl *f \ °T f

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, BY C H A B l e S S C R IB N E R ’S SO NS.

(

nebr

.- . wu WiUJlUI. M u,.— U^UU VUW ULV*
U V/\*

d uct as com pared w ith the area planted. The preceding
one is based upon the p rod u ct as com pared w ith the
total area.

.

23

P late 103

AG RICU LTU RE
R O
ETR SPECT.
Census.

Bushels.

1850
1860

4,000,000 Bushels.

5,167,015
15,825,898
29,761,305
43,997,495

1870
1880

BARLEY
PRODUCT, PER SQUARE MILE
OF TOTAL AREA.
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Milwaukee"
R a cin e

I
Rank

State.

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

D .C ...

Bushels.
J ittle R o c k

SCALE:

Wyo. .
Fla. ..
Miss. .
Del. ..
A r k ...
N .C ...
N.J. ..
Ala. ..
Md. ..
W. Va.
Conn.V a___

210
348
523
1,952
2,421
4,091
5.281
6,097
9,740
12,286
14,223
s.c...
16,257
It. I ---17,783
G a ....
18.662
T enn ..
30,019
Mont. .
39,970
N .M e x
50,053
T e x ...
72,786
N .H ...
77,877
M a s s ..
80,128
Colo. .
107,116
M o ....
123,031
U tah..
217,140
A riz. .
239,051
M e ___
242,185
V t. . . .
267 625
Ida. ..
274,750
Dak. ._
277,424
K a n s ..
300,273
Ind. ..
382,835
I>a. . . .
438,100
486,326
K.V.—
N ev ...
513,470
Wash.566,537
O reg ..
920,977
M ich.. 1,204,316
m....... 1,229,523
Ohio.. 1,707,129
Sebr.. 1,744,686
Minn.. 2,972,965
I o w a . 4.022,588
W is... 5,043,118
N .Y ...
Cal. ..

4 000,000 Bushels.

f

/

ARK.

No crop

-------{
• S hreveport

MISS.

Under 5

V ick s b u rg
5, a n d u
1
Hatch*

8,000,000
IN D E X .

12,000,000

16,000,000

.San Antonio

Ala. .38 M o ... .23
A riz. .21 Mont. .29
A rk.. .41 Nebr. . 6
Cal. . 1 N ev.. .12
Colo. .24 N.H. .26
Conn -35 N .J .. .39
Dak. .17 N.M ex 28
Del. .42 N.Y, . 2
D .C .. -47 N.C. .40
Fla. .44 Ohio. . 7
G a .. . .31 Oreg. .10
Id a . . .18 Pa
.14
i n .. .. . 8 It. I ... .32
Ind. .15 S.C. -33
Iow a . 4 Tenn. .30
Kans .16 T ex.. 27
K y ... .13 Utah. .22
L a ... .46 V t ,. 19
M e... .20 Va
34
M d... .37 Wash -11
Mass. .25 W Va 36
Mich. . 9 Wis
3
Minn. 5 Wyo. 45
Miss. .43

Iveston

10
0

ta s
ffie

500 and

Product, per Square M of Total A 1880.
ile
rea,
R an k

2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

R O
ETR SPECT.
Bushels.

State

44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30

Fla. ..
Miss. .
A r k ...
N .C ...
Ala. ..
Del. ..
M ont..
T e x ...
[G a ....
V a ___
W .Va.
N. Mex
S.C. ..
N.J. ..
M d ....

Bushels R an k

.003
.01
.04
.05
.10
.27
.28
.28
.32
.35
.40
.41
.54
.55
.62

29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15

State

Bushels R an k

Tenn.Colo. .
M o ....
D a k...
A riz. .
Conn.U tah..
Ida. ..
Kans..
N e v ...
M e ....
Wash.N .H ...
Pa. . . .
O re g ..

.72
1.03
1.79
1.88
2.12
2.54
2.64
3.26
3.68
4.68
8.10
8.47
8.65
9.74
9.74

14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
G
5
4
3
2
1

State

Bushels

Mass..
9.97
Ind. .. 10.66
K y ... . 12.16
R .I___ 16.39
M ich.. 20.97
Ill....... 21.96
N ebr.. 22.90
V t. . . . 29.30
Minn.. 37.54
O h io.. 41.88
I o w a . 72.51
Cal. .. 79.90
W is ... 92.62
N .Y ... 163.63

4,000,000 Bushels.

PRODUCT, PER SQUARE MILE
OF TOTAL AREA.
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

’drtland

Peoria

Total Product, by States, 1880,
Rank State.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
34
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Bushels.

Santa F t

VUiniWf101
CoTuroibl*
• Q C.
.

A riz. .
Wyo. .
N. ile x
M ont..
La. . . .
Fla. ..
M .C ...
Ida. ..
Miss. .
Del. ..
Wash.U tah..
R .I—
O reg ..
Colo. A r k ...
Dak. ..
T e x ...
M e ....
S.C. ..
Ala. ..
N .II...
Vt. . . .
G a .. . .
W. Va.
T enn ..
Cal. .
M ass..
M inn..
N .C ...
M d ....
M ich..
Ind. ..
V a . ...
Conn..
O h io..
Kans-.
N ebr..
M o ....
K y ....
N.J. ..
Iow a .
W is...
N .Y ...
in .......
P a .. . .

78
240
430
1,013
2,965
3,704
4,341
5,134
5,953
7,124
9,605
12,997
13,305
19,465
22,387
24,359
25,399
26,398
27,049
28,402
34,6:48
71,733
101,716
113,181
156,419
181,681
213,716
215,215
285,160
288,067
294,918
303,105
324,431
370,733
389,221
413,181
424,348
535,426
668,050
949,064
1,518,605
2,298,513
2,634,690
3,121,785
3,683,621

Under 5 Bushels per Sq. Mile
6, and under 10, per Sq. Mile

Ala. . .26 M o ... . 8
A riz. .47 Mont. .43
A r k .. .31 Nebr. . 9
C a l. . .20 N ev.. .41)
C o lo . .32 N.H.. .25
C o n n .12 N.J. . . 6
D a k .. .30 N .M ex 44
D e l. . .37 N .Y .. 3
D .C .. .40 N.C. . - i r
Fla. . .41 O h io. .11
G a . .. .23 Oreg - 33
Ida. . . 8 9 Pa. .. - 1
111. . . . . 2 R .I... .34
Ind. . .14 S.C. . .27
Iowa. . 5 Tenn. .21
Kans .10 T e x .. .29
K y .-- . 7 Utah. .35
La. .. .42 Vt. .. .24
M e... .28 V a ... .13
M d ... .16 Wash -36
Mass. .19 W .Va .22
Mich .15 Wis. . 4
M in n .18 Wyo. .45
Miss. .38

P
roduct, per Square M of Total A 1880.
ile
rea,
Rn State Bushels Rn State
ak
ak
4 Wyo. . .0 0 3 M e ....
5
07 0
4 N .M ex .0 1 29 S.C. ..
4
0
4 M ont.. .0 2 2 Cal. ..
3
0 8
4 L a .. . . .0 27 Ga___
2
2
41 Ida. .. .0 2 Minn..
5 6
4 Fla. . . .0 25 Del. ..
0
5
3 T e x .. . .10 2 T enn..
9
4
3 irosA- .11 23 N .H ...
8
37 Miss. . .11 22 W .V a.
3 Utah.. .12 2 K a n s 6
1
3 O reg.. .14 2 M ich ..
5
0
3 D a k ... .16 19 N ebr..
4
33 C o lo .. .19 18 N .C ...
32 A rk ... .4 17 M o ....
2
3 A la ... .55 16 v t....
1

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SO N S.

Bushels

.8
8
.9
0
1.16
1.72
2.72
3.0
4
3.75
3.8
5
4.59
5.0
6
5.14
5.57
5.87
7.79
7.85

Rn State Bushels
ak
15 Va.... 8 9
.0
14 Ind. .. 8
.44
13 O h io .. 9.55
12 R.I.... 11.98
11 Ky.... 16.70
10 Mass.. 26.58
9 I o w a . 27,37
8 Md. .. 29.22
7 W is ... 42.21
6 N .Y ... 55.33
5 Ill____ 55.75
4 D .C ... 61.73
3 Conn.- 76.52
2 P a .. . . 81.89
1 In .j . .. 127.31

Unsettled parts

^G-IRICTTLTTTIRE
RETROSPECT.
Census.
1850
1860
/8 7 0
1880

Bushels.

P late 10 4

4,000,000 Bushels.

BUCKWHEAT,

8,956,912
17,671,818
9,821,721
11,817,327

PRODUCT, PER SQUARE MILE
OF TOTAL AREA,
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

>«Iand

■
D ubuque*

IO W A
Des Moines

Omaha*

* ?«*# City /

lincoln*

P e o r ia

j
iN D .
i
|mdianapolis

w&Wa

h

Santa F
«

Coiui»1>u8
Cincinnati

Columbia

X Poet f
Jttle

Wmm.

.A tla n ta

rleston,

Total Product, by States,
Rank State.
36
35
34
33
32
81
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

------------------- j

!
j

M |S S .

•Shreveport

Vicksburg

ALA

Under 5 Bushels per Sq. Mile

Montgoi

Bushels.

5, and under 10, per Sq. Mile

Colo. .
110
A la . ..
363
G a .. . .
402
Mont. .
437
T e x ...
535
A r k ...
548
R .I—
1,254
SCA
Wash.2,498
D a k ...
2,521
4,
Del. ..
5,857
O reg..
6,215
K y ....
9,942
N ebr..
17,562
Cal. ..
22,307
Kans..
24,421
Tenn..
33,434
Minn..
41,756
N .C ...
44,668
Mo. ..
57,640
Mass..
67,117
Ind. . .
89,707
N .II...
94,090
V a . ...
136,004 l
M d ....
136,667
C onn..
137,563
166,895 l
Iow a ..
Ill____
178,859
O h io..
280,229 1
W . Va.
285,298 1
W is ...
299,107 i
V t. . . .
356,618 I
M e ....
382,701 V
M ich..
413,062
N.J. ..
466,414
P a .. . . 3,593,326
N .Y ... 4,461,200

Natchez
M b . b ile

Jacksonvl

#
San Antonio
lalveston

1,000 Bushels.
IN D E X ,
Ala. ..3 5 M o .... 18
A r k .. .31 Mont. .33
Cal. .. 2 3 N eb r..24
Colo. .36N .H ...15
C onn-12 N.J. . . 3
-D o*...28 N .Y ... 1
Del. .. 2 7 N.C -.19
Ga___ 34|Ohio.- 9
111-------10 Oreg. .26
Ind. - .1 6 P a .. . . 2
lo w a .- l l R .I....3 0
Kans. .22 Tenn..21
K y . . - 2 5 T e x .-.32
M e .... 5 V t___ 6
M d___ 13 V a
14
M ass..l7 Wash.-29
M ich.. 4 W .Va. 8
Minn..20 W is .. . 7

Unsettled parts.

Product, per Square Mile of Total Area, 1880.
Rank

36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25

Bushels Rank

State

Colo. . .001
T e x ... .002
Mont. . .003
G a .. . .
.01
Ala. ..
.01
A r k ...
.01
Dak. ..
.02
.04
Wash.O re g ..
.07
.14
Cal. ..
N ebr..
.23
.25
K y ... .

24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13

State

Bushels Rank

Kans..
Minn..
Tenn..
M o ....
N .C ...
R .I—
Ind. . .
Del. ..
Iow a.m ____
V a -..
W is ...

.30
.53
.80
.84
.92
1.16
2.50
2.99
3.01
3.19
3.39
5.49

12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

State

Bushels

O h io..
M ich ..
M ass..
N .II...
W . Va.
M e ....
Md. ..
Conn..
v t . ...
N .J. ..
P a ....
N .Y ...

6.87
7.19
8.35
10.45
11.58
12.80
13.86
28.39
39.04
62.56
79.88
93.68

RETROSPECT.
Census.

Tons.

1850
I860
3870
1880

IH P p H m f

13,888,642
19,083,896
27,316,048
36,2 05,712

PRODUCT, PER SQUARE MILE

i t e * i

OF TOTAL AREA.
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

PH land

luffalo
Milwaukee*
Racine
Dubuque1

iN D.
Indianapolis

Total Product, by States, 1880,
Rank State.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Fla. ..
S.C. -D .C ...
A riz. .
N .M ex
Miss. .
A la ...
G a .. . .
A rk ...
Wyo. .
L a .. . .
Ida. ..
Del. ..
T e x ...
Mont. .
R .I—
C o lo ..
Utah..
N .C ...
N ev ...
Wash.Tenn..
K y ....
W .V a.
M d ....
O reg..
Va. . .
D a k ...
N.J. ..
C onnN .H ...
Mass..
N ebr..
V t.. ..
M o ....
M e ....
Cal. ..
I n d ...
M ich..
Kans..
Minn..
W is ...
O h io..
P a . . ..

Tons.

149
2,706
3,759
5,606
7,650
8,894
10,363
14,409
23,295
23,413
37,029
40,053
49,632
59,699
63,947
79,328
85,062
92,735
93,711
95,853
106,819
186,698
218,739
232,338
264,468
266,187
287,255
308,036
518,990
557,860
583,069
684,679
785,433
1,051,1 as
1,077,458
1,107.788
1,135,180
1,361,083
1,393,888
1,589,987
1,636,912
1,896,969
2,210,923
2,811,654
3,280,319
I o w a . 3,6i3,941
N .Y ... 5,240,563

jMempWf..

Cdlurnlila
^

SCALE:

Atlanta
No crop reported
Under 10 Tons per Sq. Mile.

jomery

10, and under 20, per Sq. Mile.

IN D E X ,

3 500,000

Ala. . .41 M o ... 13
A riz. .44 Mont. .33
A r k .. .30 Nebr. .15
Cal. . .11 N ev.. .28
Colo. .31 N.II.. .17
Conn. .18 N.J. . .19
D a k .. .20 X .ilex 4 3
Del. . .35 N .Y .. . 1
I). C . . .45 N .C .. .29
Fla. . .47|Ohio. . 5
G a .. . .40 Oreg. .22
Ida. . .36 Pa.. . . 4
111.. . . 8 K .l... .32
Ind. . 10 8.(7. . .46
Iowa. . 2 Tenn. .26
Kans. . 8 T e x .. .34
Ky. . .25 Utah. .30
La. . . .37 Vt. .. .14
M e ... .12 Va,.. .21
M d ... .23 Wash -27
Mass. .16 W .Va .24
Mich. . 9 W i s .. . 6
Minn. . 7 Wyo. .38
Miss. 42

# Antonio
San

Product, per Square Mile o f Total Ana, 1880.
Rank

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32

ra.......

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO NS.

State

Fla. ..
A riz. .
.V. ile x
S.C. . .
Miss. .
Ala. ..
T e x ...
Wyo. .
G a.. ..
A r k ...
Mont. .
Ida. ..
La. . . .
Colo. .
N e v ...
Utah..

Tons.

.002
.05
.06
.09
.19
.20
.23
.24
.24
.44
.44
.48
.82
.82
.87
1.18

Rank

State

Tons.

Rank

31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16

Wash.N .C .. .
Dak. ..
O r e g ..
T enn..
K y ... .
V a—
Cal—
W .V a.
N ebr..
M o ....
K ans..
M inn..
M ich..
Del. ..
Md. ..

1.60
1.93
2.09
2.82
4.47
5.47
7.16
7.28
9.43
10.31
15.68
19.46
20.67
24.27
25.32
26.82

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

State

Unsettled parts.
Tons.

W is ... 34.84
M e .... 37.06
Ind. . . 37.90
O h io .. 54.24
in ____ 58.58
P a . . . . 62.50
D .C ... 62.65
N .II... 64.75
Iow a .- 65.15
N.J. . . 69.62
73.11
R .I—
Mass.. 85.16
N .Y ... 110.05
v t . . . . 115.07
Conn.- 115.14

P late 105

AGEICTJLTUEE
RETROSPECT.
Censu*.

20,000,000 Bushels.

Bushels.

IRISH POTATOES

1850 65,797,896
1860 111,148,867
1870 143,337,473
1880 169,458,539

PRODUCT,

PER SQUARE

MILE

OF TOTAL AREA.
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

>rtlana

Ttacih*

IO W A
Des Moines
Lincoln*

IN D .

O tU ° w ' f t
Colvnul>uS
J
Cincinnati ...

!

Xndia^apoUs

Total Product, by States, 1880,
Ran] State.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
87
36
35
34
33
‘62
31
30
29
26
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8

Fla. ..
N .M ex
A riz. .
Wyo. .
D .C ...
S.C. ..
Ida. ..
La. . . .
Mont. .
T e x ...
Ga___
Del. ..
N e v ...
Miss. .
Ala. ..
Colo. A r k ...
U tah..
R .l—
Dak. ..
N .C ...
Wash.Term ..
O reg ..
W .Ya.
Md. ..
V a—
N ebr..
K y ..Conn.Kans..
M ass..
N .H ...
N .J ...
M o ....
V t. . . .
C a l....
M inn..
Ind. ..
M e ....

Bushels.
20,221
21,883
26,249
30,986
33,064
144,942
157,307
180,115
228,702
228,832
249,590
283,864
302,143
303,821
334,925
383,123
402,027
573,595
606,793
664,086
722,773
1,035,177
1,354,481
1,359,930
1,398,539
1,497,017
2,016,766
2,150,893
2,269,890
2,584,262
2,894,198
3,070,389
3,358,828
3,563,793
4,189,694
4,438,172
4,550,565
5,184,676
6,232,246
7,999,625

S C A L E :•
4,000,

v

Columbia

*s.c.

KEY

•Atlant
ileston,

No crop reported___________

8 000,000

Under 10 Bushels per Sq. Mile

Montgomery

|
.Shreveport

10, and under 50, per Sq. Mile
12, 000,000

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

50

„

»

100

»

100 „

„

200 „

200

„

„

500 „

500

„

„

1,000»

1,000

and over,

>
i___

16,000,000
lalveston

IN D E X .-

ft

2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

■ft
24,000,000
until
Iftftft
■■■ft
■■H

6 Iow a.- 9,962,537
5 [11....... 10,365,707
4 M ich.. 10,924,111

Ala. . .33 M o ... .13
A riz. .45 Mont. .39
Ark.. .31 Nebr. .20
Cal. . .11 N ev.. .35
Colo. .32 N .H .. .15
Conn -18 N .J. . .14
Dak.. .28 N.M extt)
Del. . .36 N .Y ., 1
D .C .. .43 N .C .. .27
Fla. . .47 p h io . 3
G a ... .37 Oreg. .24
Ida. . .41 Pa.
2
i n . . . 5 U .I .. .29
Ind. . 9 S.C. .45
Iowa 6 Tenn. .25
Kans. -17 T e x .. .38
Ky— .19 Utah. 30
L a ... .40 V t. .. .12
M e... « V a . . .21
Mil. . .22 Wash -26
Mass. .16 W .V a 23
Mich. 4 W is .. . 7
Minn -10 Wyo .44
Miss. .34

Product, per Square Mile of Total Area, 1880.
Rank State

Bushels

N. Mex
A riz. .
Wyo. .
Fla. ..
T e x ...
M ont..
Ida. ..
N e v ...
Colo. La. . . .
G a ....
D a k...
S.C. ..
Ala. ..
Miss. .
Utah. .

47
46
45
44
48
42
41
40
39
88
37
36
35
34
33
32

»»

« ...

Unsettled parts........ ............ .

R an k

State

Bushels

R an k

State

Bushels

.18
.23
.32
.87
.87
1.57
1.87
2.75
3.70
3.97
4.23
4.50
4.80
6.50
6.56
6.98

31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16

A r k ...
O r e g ..
N .C ...
Wash.N eb r..
Cal. ..
Tenn.Kans..
V a ----W .Va.
K y ....
M o ....
Minn..
Del. ..
M d ....
W is ...

7.58
14.38
14.88
15.48
28.23
29.17
32.44
35.42
50.26
56.75
56.75
60.95
65.46
144.83
152.84
156.27

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Ind. . .
Iow a .
in .......
M ich..
M e ....
O h io..
P a .. . .
N .H ...
M ass..
N.J. ..
Vt. . . .
Conn.D .C ...
R .l___
N .Y ...

173.55
179.59
185.10
190.22
267.59
312.05
362.01
373.00
381.89
478.04
485.84
533.39
551.07
559.26
706.53

36,000,000

2 Pa.. .. 16.284,819
1 N .Y ... 33,644,807

RETROSPECT,
Census.
1850
1860
1870
1880

Bushels.
38,268,148
42,095,026
21,709,824
33,378,693

20,000,000 Bushels.

SWEET POTATOES
PRODUCT, PER SQUARE MILE
OF TOTAL AREA,
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

'rtland

/ ;‘f- ■ £>..

'V
Minneapolis

3tocu'

ZTP&Z ° :

-Buffalo

EvPSE
\ m
j
p :
: I o°*—>
X j »
»

m

[

DuhuqueV^ *

Q

!

IO W A

,
Omaha i

!/

)

I

DesMoines

Lincoln*

,VashxiU e

Santa Ft
C q W f^
KEY

•Atlanta
No crop reported __________

-------- (

M IS S .
yicksburg

port

Total Product, by States, 1880.

Under 10 Bushels per Sq. Mile
10, and under 20, per Sq. Mile

Rank State.
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
i

M ass..
R .l___
Conn..
N .M ex
M ich ..
A riz. .
N .Y ...
W is ...
N eb r..
D .C ...
Cal. . .
W . Va.
Iow a .P a .. . .
Kans..
Del. ..
O h io..
Ind. ..
111. . . .
Md. ..
M o ....
A r k ...
K y ....
La. . . .
T e x ...
Fla. ..
V a ....
N .J .. .
S.C. . .
T enn ..
Ala. ..
Miss. .
G a .. . .
N .C ...

Bushels.
450
714
918
8,217
4,904
5,303
6,833
7,124
13,628
23,347
86,284
87,214
122,368
184,142
195,225
195,937
239,578
244,930
249,407
829,590
481,484
881,260
1,017,854
1,318,110
1,460,079
1,687,613
1,901,521
2,086,731
2,189,622
2,369,901
3,448,819
3,610,660
4,397,778
4,576,148

sc a l e

[atclxez

:

sME&r

ZL
20

4,000,000 Bushels.

8,000,000

»>

30

100 and over,

IN D E X .
Ala. . 4 Mich. .30
Ariz. .29 Miss. 3
A rk .. .13 Mo. . .14
C a l.. 24 Nebr. .26
Conn. .32 N.J. . 7
Del. . .19 N .M ex i t
D C . . .25 N .Y .. .28
Fla. . 9 N.C. . 1
G a ... 2 O hio. .18
111. . . . .16 Pa. . . .21
Ind. . .17 R .l ... .33
Iow a .22 S.C. . 6
Kans. .20 T enn. 5
K y ... .12 T e x .. .10
La. .. .11 V a ... 8
M d ... .15 W .V a 23
Mass. .34 W is .. 27

»

[ Unsettled parts..

Product, per Square Mile of Total Area, 1880.
Rank

State

34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23

N.M ex
A riz. .
Mass..
M ich..
W is ...
N .Y ...

Bushels Rank

22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11

.03
.05
.06
.09
.13
.14
N e b r ..
.18
Conn..19
.55
Cal. R .l—
.66
I o w a . 2.21
Kans.. 2.39

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C H A R LES S C R IB N E R 'S SONS.

'

State

W .V a .
P a .. . .
T i l ____
T e x ...

O h io ..
M o ....
Ind. ..
A r k ...
K y ....

La. . . .
Fla. ..
Md. ..

Bushels Rank

3.54
4.09
4.45
5.57
5.88
6.31
6.82
16.61
25.45
29.02
31.11
33.43

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

State

Bushels

V a ....

47.39
56.76
66.92
72.58
74.56
77.92
94.20
D e l. . .
99.97
N .J ... 279.91
D .C ... 389.12
T e r m ..

A l a . ..
S.C. ..
Ga----Miss. .
N .C ...

•

»

»»—

AG RICU LTU RE

P late 1 0 6

ORCHARD PRODUCTS.

0

as.

w y o . ' ~ :'~ '

®

«

t

i _____a ___ :

p

IF

m

Total Value, by States, 1880,
Rank State.
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
85
34
83
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
8
2
1

Value.

Dak. .. $
156
Mont. _
1,530
Colo. .
3,246
N ev ...
3,619
A riz. _
5.530
D.C. .
12,074
Ida. ..
23,147
N.M ex
26,706
R .I___
58,751
N ebr..
72,244
S.C. ..
78,934
Minn..
121,648
Wash.127,668
U tah..
148,493
La. . . .
188,604
Kans..
358,860
Ala. ..
362,263
Miss. .
378,145
Conn..
456,246
O reg ..
583,663
W is ...
639,435
Vt. . . .
640,942
Fla. ..
758,295
G a .. . .
782,972
Del. ..
846,692
N.J. ..
860,090
A r k ...
867,426
T e x ...
876,844
N .C ...
903,513
Tenn..
919,844
W .Va.
934,400
N .H ...
972,291
M ass.. 1,005,303
M e .... 1,112,026
K y ... . 1,377,670
Iow a .. 1,494,365
M d .... 1,563,188
V a .. . . 1,609,663
M o .... 1,812,873
Cal. .. 2,017,314
Ind. .. 2,757,359
M ich .. 2.760,677
111....... 3,502 583
O h io.. 3,576,242
P a .. . . 4,862,826
N .Y ... 8,409,794

IN D E X ,
$4,000:000

$6 ,000,000

$ 8 ,000,000

Product, per Square Mile o f Total Area,
by States, 1880.
Rank State.
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

T e x ...
Ala. ..
Fla. ..
Miss. .
N .C ...
Ga___
L a .. . .
S.C. ..

SCALE:
Pound f.
100 Pounds per Sq. Mile.
200
.24
300
15.73
400
Ann
23.87
37.09
115.46
430.14
510.53
1,726.14

Total Product, by States, 1880,
Rank State.
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Pounds.

62,152
T e x ...
810,889
Ala. ..
Fla. .. 1,294,677
Miss. . 1,718,951
N.C.*.. 5,609,191
L a .. . . 23,188,311
Ga___ 25,369,687
S.C. .. 52,077,515

A N N U A L EXPORT, 1821-1880.
tBased on the R ep orts o f the Secretary o f the Treasury.)
Y ear

1821 $
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850

Value.

1,494,307
1,553,482
1,820,985
1,882,982
1,925,245
1,917,445
2,343,908
2,620,696
2,514.370
1,986,824
2.016,267
2,152,631
2,744,418
2,112,272
2,210,331
2,548,750
2,309,279
1,721,819
2,460,198
1,942,076
2,010,107
1,907,387
1,625,726
2,182,468
2,160,456
2,564,991
3,605,896
2,331,824
2,569,362
2,631,557

A la. .30 Miss. .29
A riz. .42 M o... . 8
A rk .. .20 Mont. .45
Cal. . . 7 Nebr. .37
Colo. .44 N ev.. .43
Conn -28 N .H .. .15
D ak.. .46 N .J .. .21
Del. . .22 N .M ex 39
1). c . . .41 N .Y .. . 1
Fla. . .24 N .C .. .18
G a ... .23 Ohio. . 3
Ida. _.40 Oreg. .27
111. . . . . 4 Pa. .. . 2
Ind. . . 6 R .I... .38
Iow a .11 S.C. . .36
Kans -31 Tenn -17
K y ... .12 T e x .. .19
I . a . . . .32 Utah. .33
M e... .13 V t... .25
Md. . .10 V a ... 9
Mass. .14 Wash -34
Mich. . 5 W .V a .16
Minn. .35 W is.. 26

Rank State
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31

Value

Dak. .. $ .001
M ont..
.01
.03
Colo. .
.03
N e v ...
.05
A riz. .
.22
N .M ex
.27
Ida. ..
.95
N ebr..
1.54
Minn..
U tah..
1.81
Wash.1.91
2.62
S.C. ..
3.34
T e x .-.
4.15
La. . . .
4.39
K ans..
6.17
O r e g ..

R an k

30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15

State

Value

Ala. -. $ 7.03
Miss. .
8.16
W is ... 11.74
Cal. .. 12.93
Ga___ 13.28
Fla. .. 13.98
A r k ... 16.35
N .C ... 18.60
T enn.. 22.03
M o .... 26.37
Io w a .. 26.94
K y .. . . 34.44
M e .... 37.20
VV. Va. 37.91
Va. — 40.12
M ich .. 48.07

R an k

14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

State

Value

R .I----- $ 54.15
III____
62.55
Vt. . . .
70.16
Ind. ..
76.79
87.74
O h io ..
C onn..
94.17
N .H ... 107.97
P a .. . . 108.10
N.J. .. 115.37
Mass.
125.04
Md. .. 158.54
N .Y ... 176.60
D .C ... 201.23
Del. .. 431.99

RETROSPECT.
Census.
1850
1860
1870
1880

Pounds.
215,313,497
187,167,032
73,635,021
110,131,373

PRODUCT, PER SQUARE MILE
OF TOTAL AREA.
(Baaed on the Returns o f the T en th Census.)

KEY

I

AG-RICTJLTTJHE

P late 107

Product, per Square Mile of Total Area,
by States, 1880,
Rank

18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
i

State.

Pounds.

Kans..
.006
.04
V a ...
.14
O h io..
Minn..
.14
.14
m .. . .
.30
Iow a ..
.59
Ind. . .
Pa. . . .
.82
1.23
Mass..
M e ....
1.61
2.58
O reg..
2.66
N .II...
M ich ..
4.63
9.26
Cal. ..
Wash.- 10.52
Vt. . . .
11.97
36.12
W is ...
N .Y ... 454.20

SCALE:
100 B ounds p e r Square M ile,

n i....... 14
Ind. ..12
Io w a .13
Kans. .18
M e .. . 9
Mass. .10
M ich .. 6
Minn.. 15

300

400
1
1
1
■

Key "West.
500
1

" 1

A N N U A L EX PO R T, 1860-1880..

Table of the Low and H
est
ighest Prices of H per P n , in
ops,
ou d
N York.
ew

Total Product, by States, 1880.
Rack
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

State.

Pounds.

K ans..
500
V a ....
1,599
O h io..
5,510
Ill____
7,788
M ass..
9,895
Minn..
10,928
16,915
Iow a ..
Ind. . .
21,236
N .II...
23,955
36,995
IJa . . . .
M e ....
48,214
v t ....
109,350
O reg ..
244,371
M ich ..
266,010
Wash.703,277
Cal. .. 1,444,077
W is ... 1,966,827
N .Y ... 21,628,931

SCALE:
5,000,000 P ou n d s.

IN D E X .
Cal. . . 3 N .I I ...10
111____15 N .Y ... 1
Ind. ..11 O h io ..16
Io w a .. 12 O reg.. 6
Kans. .16 P a .. . . 9
M e .... 8 Vt. . . . 7
M ass.. 14 Va___ 17
M ich .. 5 Wash.- 4
Minn. .13 w i s . . . a

10 , 000,000

15,000,000

20 , 000,000

1825.

(From “ T h e Am erican A lm anac

Year.
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829

1S 0
3

1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838

L.

H.

13c. 25c.
10 25
8
18
5
10
4
11
10 15
8
17
12 37
38
17

10
11
12
5
4

2
0
19
17

9

17

Y e ar.

1839

18 0
4

1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849

18 0
5

1851
1852

L.

H.

and Treasury o f Facts,” 1881.)
L.

H.

Y e ar.

L.

H.

18c.
22
5
4
3
4
8
6
6

40c.
46
27
13

1867
1868
1869

40c.
5
8
3
8
20
35
22
15
15

70c.
55
28
27
65
75
55
45
45
37
32

Y e ar.

15c. 18c. 1&53
62
1854
18
12 40 1855
10 16 1856
6
12 1857
1858
15
7
1859
12
33
6
11 35 I8 0
1861
8
15
3
1862
7
6
1863
17
1864
19
8
1865
24
63
1866
47
17

12

10
18
25
32
23

12
15
3
0
2 52
0

10
25

65
70

PR IC E-CH A RT OF T H E C H E A P E ST GRADE HOPS FOR

18
70

1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879

18 0
8

10

5
6
17

12

45
39*

(Based on R ep orts o f Che Secretary o f the Treasury.)
-----------------------1 S C A L E :
Y e ar
2,000,000
4,000,000
18 0$ 32,866
6
3861 2.006,053
1862 663,898 1
1863 1,733,265
3864 1,217,075
1865 1,350,983
108,752
1866
1867 369,946
1868 264,129
1869 1,627,248
1870 2,515,734
1871 316,288
3872 408,305
1873 272,403
27,973 _ _
3874
1875 1,286,501 ■
1876 1,384,521
i
1877 2,305,355
1878 2,152.873 _ _
1879 701,095 ■
18 0 2,573,292
8

m u
mm

1880.

Lowest and Highest Prices, per Pound, in New York.
(Based on the accorqpanying table o f prices.)
50c

50c.

25c.
Highest

SCALE,—Each space b etw een the price lines represents one cent.

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C H A R LES S C R IB N ER 'S SONS.

P late 108

AGEICTJLTTJEE

SUGAR AND MOLASSES.
No crop reported.
Under 1 Hogshead per Sq. Mile

sc a le

:

1

.1, and under 5, per Sq. M ile___

Product, per Square Mile of Total Area,
by States, 1880.

2
3
*
5

6
____

*1

7

I

Rank State.

Gallons.

3.09
T e x .. .
4.61
S .C ....
11.58
Miss. .
15.43
Ala. . .
Fla. ..
18.99
26.55
G a .. . .
La. . . . 257.51

7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Rank State.

Gallons.

138,944
s . c . ..
Miss. .
536,625
795,199
Ala. ..
810,605
T e x ...
Fla. .. 1,029.868
G a .... 1,565,784
La. . . . 11,696,248

7
6
5
4
3
2
1

1880.
Table of the Lowest and Highest
Prices of New Orleans Molasses,
per Gallon, in New York.
(From “ The American Almanac and
Treasury of Facts,” 1881.)
Year

A N N U A L EXPORT, 1860-1880.

(Based on the Report of the Bureau of Statistics.)
sc a le:
Year Value.
$ 2, 000,000

8 301,674
287,881
147,397
361,031
259,937 ■
332,496 ■
652.543 ■
817,633 ■
313,378
613,444
661,526
1,218,214
1,189,233
1,801,428
1,657,899
3,798,517
6,745,771
5,225,499
4,920,094
7,118,673
3,339,987

$4,000,000
$ 6 ,000,000
^

H.

1825 SO 28 $0 43
1826
28
36
1827
31
39
1828
30
36
1829
33
27
183(1
28
33
25
1831
34
1832
35
26
1833
27
36
1834
27
31
1835
26
36
1836
32
48
1837
32
45
1838
2H 45
1839
26
36
MU
20
30
1841
20
28
1842
16
24
1843
18
31
1844
31
27
1845
22
37
1846
22
34
1817
30
38
1818
20
2H
1849
20
32
1850
22
33
1851
28
33
1852
35
27

1860-1869, Refined S ugar; 1870-1880, Sugar
Molasses, Candy and C onfectionery.

1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880

L.

8 000,000

$ ,

'

Year

L.

1853 $0 26
1854
111
1855
23
1856
42
1857
35
1858
26
1859
36
I860
36
1861
30
1862
32
1863
35
1864
65
ISIS
65
1866
66
1867
65
1868
60
ihi;<
i
65
1870
65
50
1H
71
1872
48
1873
61
1874
60
1875
54
1870
50
1877
40
3878
36
1879
32
1880
40

60c.

NEW ORLEANS MOLASSES, PER GALLON.

$0 *1
29
40
75
80
52
51
55
55
55
62
1 25
1 50
1 25
1 20
1 05
1 05
1 20
75
86
97
85
80
68
59
50
50
65

50c

Highest ^
Lowest

40 c

30c

i

1

30c.

Lowest

20 c.

(Based on the Finance Report o f 1861, and the
Reports o f th e Bureau o f Statistics.)

1844 $6,897,245
1845 4,049,708
1846 4,397,239
1847 9,406,253
1848 8,775,223
1819 7,275,780
1850 6,950,716
1851 13,478,709
1852 13,997,393
1853 14,168,337
1854 11,604,656
1855 13,284,663
1856 21,295,154
1857 41,596,238
1858 18,946,663
1859 28,345,297
i860 36,298,426
1861 34,788,649
1862 23,785,337
1863 23,815,603
1864 36,919,042
1865 34,756,393
1866 48,359,73ft
1867 47,374,342
18(58 61,605,786
1869 72,430,693
1870 69,827,884
1871 74,826,848
1872 91,850.270
1873 92,638,223
1874 92,819,203
1875 85,032.517
1876 06,296,553
1877 92,815,911
1878 79,833,346
1879 79,288,106
1880 88,771,165

40 c.

-

20o.

RAW SUGAR, PER POUND.

Highest

1844-1859, net Im port o f Sugar ; 1860-1880,
T otal Im port o f Sugar, Molasses,
Candy and C onfectionery.

Value.

60c.

H.

A N N U A L IMPORT, 1844-1880.

Year

V lH ig h e s t

Lowest and Highest Prices in New York,
(Based on the accom panying tables q f prices.)

10c

10c.
Highest

, V

Lowest

Lowest
-

SCALE:
$ 2,000,000

'26

'67 ’08 D(I870)’ 1

75 ’76

$ 10,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
S C A L E . —Each space betw een the price lines represents one cent.

$ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
* 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
Table of the Lowest and Highest Prices of Raw Sugar,
per Pound, in New York.
(From “ The American Almanac and Treasury of Facta,” 1881.)

* 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
1857;

* 7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Year L.

* 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
* 9 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

= ^868

1ST*

1869
1871
1872

1813

17
85

187ft

.1877

1878
1873

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C H A R LES S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

3874

1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
18*5
1836
1837
1838

H.

6c. lie .
6 10
6 10
6 10
9
5
6
9
4
7
5
7
5
9
5
8
6
9
7 11
5
8
6
8

Year L.

H.

1839 6c.
1N
1C 4
1811 4
1842 3
1843 3
1814 5
1845 3
181(1 5
1847 5
1H
4H10
1849 4
1850 4
1851 4
1852 3

8c.
8
7
7
r
7
7
8
8
15
6
7
6
5

Year L.

H.

1853 4o. 6c.
1854 3
6
1855 4
8
1856 6 10
1857 9 11
1858 5
8
1859 5
8
1SII0 6
8
1861 4
9
1862 7 11
1803 7 14
1804 11 25
1865 11 17
1866 10 15

Year L.
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880

9c.
9
9
9
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
64
6
6}

H.
10c.
12
13
10
10
9
9
8
9
10
10
8
9
7*

P late 1 0 9

A G R I C U L T U R E

P late 1 0 9

(

>

>

(

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SC R IB N E R ’S SONS.

*

A G B i n T T T . n-1T T I R IE j

P late 110

RETRO SPECT.
Census.

1850
1860
1870
1880

I " T

Pounds.

199,752,655
434,209,401
262,735,341
472,661,167

P late 110

sc a le

:

100,000,000 Pounds.
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 200,000,000 300,000,000

400,000,000

' l ---------- ----------------r i —

i/
m

A N N U A L EXPORT, 1821-1880.
(Based on the Finance R ep ort o f 1861, and
Reports o f the Bureau o f Statistics.)
M a n u fao
tured.

I

Unm anufac­
tured.

SCA LEj
$ 2 , 000,000

1*
3

$ 8 , 000,000

V
;V

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Pounds.

1
7

30— -31 -

m m m
m m m

IP i
hr.-------- \ ’

j
'I 79

3!
I
i
*J
-------------- ------ j______ !_ 91
I
C A aP
LR
A

p0fBLO
U spoTc° Lh:W r
Vy
*

V UNORGANIZED

5 f

I s !-*
}lm?y 8 19

Fe ' [

Tf«TA'AM0t & » ^ P C * il
3
EO
_ \
i

- !
—

9 J93 94
2

i 2'

— 'I “ ' oS B & w b* \
m

JEM POJO0O«^6SuQUE x
£*a
•

10

f

i 1
2

ac

B

13
f t

1
—17- -18-

isletX

■■■ r W
t

No crop reported_______________

20-#"

m
21 If; 25 •
:

Under 10 pounds per square mile__
5
3

$ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

I

7i

!j

43
4
4
T.

0
°

I

34^ 3T\f

4
2

fSCALERO • •
;

apache

$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

V if - "A
-

r l~~~

10 and under 20 pounds per sq. m....

i?8 |

$ 5 0 ,0 C 0 ,0 0 0

m

m

m

2,000

9m

5 ,0 0 0

v

Total Product, by States, 1880.
Rank State.

&
9
i

16

$4,000,000
$ 6,000,000

$5,648,962 ...
1821
1822
6,222,838 . . .
6,282,672 . . .
18213
4,855,566 . . .
1824
6,115,623 . . .
1825
1826
5,347,208 - 6,577,123 . . .
1827
5,269,960 . . .
1828
1829
4,982,974 . . .
5,586,365 . . .
1830
4,892,388 - -1831
5,999,769 . . .
1832
5,755,968 -1833
6,595,305r ..
1834
1835
8,250,577 . . .
10,058,640 . . .
1830
5,795,647 —
1837
7,392,029 . . .
1838
1839
9,832,943 . . .
9,883,957 —
1840
12,576,703 1841
9,540,755 . . .
1842
4,650,979 . . .
1843
8,397,255 . . .
1844
7,469,819 . . .
1845
8,478,270 . . .
1846
7,242,086 . . .
1847
7,551,122 . . .
1848
1849
5,804,207 . . .
9,951,023 . . .
1850
9,219,251 .. .
1851
10,031,283 . . .
1852
11,319,319 —
1853
10,016,046 . . .
1854
14,712,468 . . .
1855
12,221,843 . . .
1856
20,662.772...
1857
17,009,767 . . .
1858
1859
21,074,038 . . .
!
1860 $3,383,428 15,906,547 $ 1
1861 2,760,531 13,784,710 V
!
1,076,644 12,325,356 1
1862
1863 3,398,177 19,752,076 2
1864 3,647,883 22,845,936 3
1865 3,682,707 41,625,226 4
1866 1,982,416 29,456,145 3
1867 2,951,753 19,620.159 2
1868 3,179,164
2,794,776 20,552,943
1870 1,604,805 21,100,420
1871 2,087,160 19,908,797
1872 2,523,755 24,136.166
1873! 2,642,811 22,689,135
1874' 2,569,347
1875| 2,602,921
1876 2,833,155
1877
1878 3,681,317
1879 3,057,876
1880 2,063,166

5,000 pounds and over, per square mile
w

:

dian Reservations..

SCALE:
4,000,000 Pounds..
IN D E X .

[Me___
250
Ida. ..
400
A r iz. .
600
785
R . I_
_
890
N .M ex
Del. ..
1,278
D .C ...
1,400
N e v ...
1,500
D a k ...
1,897
Wash.6,930
17,325
O reg ..
21,182
Fla. ..
S.C. ..
45,678
La. . . .
55,954
N ebr..
57,979
Minn..
69,922
Cal. ..
73,317
M ich..
83,969
V t. . . .
131,432
N .H ...
170.843
N.J. ..
172,315
K ans191,669
T e x ...
221,283
G a .. . .
228,590
Miss. .
414,663
Iow a .420,44 7
Ala. ..
452,426
A r k ...
970,220
W . Va.
2,296,146
Ill____
3,935,825
Mass..
5,369,436
N .Y ...
6,481,431
Ind. ..
8,872,842
W is ... 10,608,423
M o ....
12,015,657
Conn.. 14,044,652
Md. . . 26,082,147
N.C. .. 26,986,213
Tenn.. 29.365,052
O h io..
34,735,235
Pa. . . .
36,943,272
V a ,...
79,988,868
K y ,.. . 171.120.784
r

Ala. ..1 7 M o .... 9
A riz. .41 Mont. .46
A r k ... 16 Nebr..29
Cal. -.27 N ev.,.36
C olo. .47 N .H ...24
Conn.. 8 N.J. ..23
D a k ... 85 N .M ex 39
Del. ... N .Y ...12
D . C . . . 67 N .C .. . 6
Fla. ..32 O h io .. 4
Ga. ...2 0 Oreg. .33
Ida. ..42 P a . . . . 3
111....... 14 R .I ....4 0
Ind. ..11 S.C. ..31
I o w a ..l8 Tenn._ 5
Kans..22 T e x. ..21
K y . . . . 1 U tah.. 45
La___ 30 Vt. ...2 5
M e ... .43 V a . . . . 2
M d .... 7 Wash.-34
M ass.. 13 W .V a. 15
M ich ..26 W is. ..10
M inn..28 Wyo. .44
Miss. .19

8 ,000,000

12, 000,000

16, 000,000

$ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

24,000,000

28,000,000

Product, per Square Mile ofTotal Area, 1880.
Rank

State

Pounds

43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
as
32
31
30
29

Ida. ..
A r iz . .
N .M ex
Me___
N e v ...
D a k ...
Wash.O re g ..
Fla. . .
Cal___
D e l.. .
R .I___
T e x ...
Minn..
L a .. . .

.005
.005
.007
.008
.01
.01
.10
.18
.39
.47
.65
.72
.84
.88
1.23

Rank

State

28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14

M ich ..
S.C. . .
Kans..
G a ... .
Iow a .
N ebr..
Ala. ..
Miss. .
V t.. ..
A r k ...
N .H ...
N.J. ..
D .C ...
in.......
W .V a.

Pounds i:!11V
.
1.46
1.51
2.34
3.88
7.57
7.61
8.77
8.94
14.38
18.29
18.97
23.11
23.33
70.28
93.16

13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

S ta te

Pounds

N .Y ..

136.10
174.81
194.82
247.08
555.50
667.84
703.35
821.01
852.18
1,993.49
2,645.24
2,898.79
4,278.01

W is ...
N. C ..
P a r t ..
O h io ..
V a . ...
M d ....
K y ... .

Table of Lowest and High est
Prices of Kentucky Leaf To­
bacco in New York.
(From “ The American Almanac
and Treasury of Facts, ’ 1881.)
Year L.

32,000,000

36,000,000
$ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
*6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
*8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
* 100 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

120 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
14 0,00 0,00 0
160,000,000

1825
1826
1827
ISIS
1829
18311
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
isto
1811
1842
1843
1811
1815
1816
1817
1848
1849
ISlit
1851
1852

3c.
3
3
3
5
3
3
3
3
4
6
6
3
4
8
3
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
5
3
3

H.
9c.
8
6
6
7
7
6
6
8
8
11
10
9
13
16
16
14
9
7
6
7
7
8
8
9
14
14
9

Year L.
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1358
1859
1800
3861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
ISO?
ISOS
186,9
1 70
«S
1871
1872
1873
1H
74
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880

4c.
5
6
6
7
6
4
3
3
6
8
8
7
8
9
8
8
7
6
9
9
7
9
7
7
4f
4i
5

H.
10c.
11
13
16
20
18
14
13
16
30
36
55
45
18
16
15
13
12
11
16
16
25
28
19
16
7
7i
7i

1825.

PRICE-CH A RT OF KEN TU CKY LEAF TOBACCO FORlSfc
Lowest and Highest Prices, per Pound, in New Y^ijk.i
(Based on the accom panying table o f prices.)

20c.

*37 >38!’9(1840)>1 > 2
4

’9 (1830)>1 ’32 ’33

’4
7

*

1

» (1850)’!
9

’ 9 (1870]

—

ill

10c.
Highest

£

Lowest •
2c,
> (1830) > ’32
9
1

&
> (1840)>1J42
9

’9 (1 8 5 0 )’ !

lilia
»9(1800)»1

S C A L E — Each space betw een the price lines represents one cent.

6c.

Lowest

4c.

2c.
»9 (1 8 7 0 )’!

*9 (8 0 )

XL—L ive Stock
IN D E X

and

TO

Products

PLATES.

CATTLE ON FARMS....................................... Plate 111 TOTAL STOCK ON FARMS.........................Plate 114
D is tr ib u tio n b y S ta te s.
T o ta l b y S ta te s .
E x p o r ts .
M ess B e e f— P r ic e s of.
H e m lo c k L e a t h e r — P r ic e s of.

C la ss e s C o m p a r e d b y S ta te s .
R e tr o s p e c t.

WOOL.................................................................Plate 115
P r o d u c t p e r S q u a r e M ile , b y C o u n tie s.
“
“
“
“
“ S ta te s.
“
“
C a p ita , b y S ta te s .
T o ta l P r o d u c t b y S ta te s .
P r ic e s , 1 8 2 8 to 1 8 8 0 .

SWINE ON FARMS.........................................Plate 112
•

D is tr ib u tio n b y S ta te s .
T o ta l b y S ta te s.
E x p o r ts .
M ess P o r k — P r ic e s of.
L a r d — P r ic e s of.
H a m s — P r ic e s of.

M ILK ................................................

Plate 116

P r o d u c t p e r S q u a r e M ile.
T o ta l P r o d u c t b y S ta te s .

BUTTER..............................................................Plate 116

HORSES ON FARMS...................................Plate 113

P r o d u c t p e r S q u a r e M ile.
T o ta l P r o d u c t b y S ta te s .
E x p o r t , 1 8 2 1 to 1 8 8 0 . ( P la t e 117 .)
P r ic e s , 1 8 2 8 to 18 8 0 . ( P la t e 117 .)

D is tr ib u tio n ; T o t a ls ; R e tr o s p e c t.

MULES AND ASSES ON FARMS.................Plate 113
D is t r ib u t io n ; T o t a l s ; R e tr o s p e c t.

CHEESE.............................................................. Plate 117
P r o d u c t p e r S q u a r e M ile.
T o ta l P r o d u c t b y S ta te s.
E x p o r t , 1 8 2 1 to 1 8 8 0 .
P r ic e s , 1 8 2 8 to 1 8 8 0 .

SHEEP ON FARM S.,................................. Plate 113
D is t r ib u t io n ; T o t a ls ; R e tr o s p e c t.

In G eneral. — The plates of this group illus­

and swine— very few oxen being now employed,

The first feature of note to catch the eye

trate the number and distribution of live stock

except on farms, and even of these the number

of the reader of these tables is the slight

“ on farms,” and its products, as returned by

is rapidly diminishing.

decrease in value of live stock between

the Tenth Census.

1870

The limitation “ on farms ”

The following table presents the principal

excludes two large and important classes of

statistics for the United States regarding live

than real, being mainly due to the fact that the

live stock; first, the cattle, sheep and swine

stock on farms, and its products, at the dates of

value in 1870 is expressed in paper, at an aver­

upon ranches, mainly in the extreme west, at

the several censuses, from 1850 to 1880:—

age depreciation of about 20 per cent. Another

and beyond the frontier of settlement, where
1850.

the stock ranges principally upon the public

i8 60 .

1870.

1880.

and 1880.

This, however, is apparent rather

feature of note is the decrease in some classes
between i860 and 1870, and in other classes a

lands, in a half wild state; and secondly, those

Value of all Live 1
Stock.................. y

in settled regions, mainly in cities and towns,

Number o f Horses.

$544,180,516 $1,089,329,915 $1,525,276,457 $1,500,464,609
4,336,719

6,249,174

7,145,370

10,357,488

559,331
1,700,744

1,151,148

1,125,415

1,812,808

2,254,911

1,319,271

great reduction from the average rate of increase.
Thus, mules and asses, working oxen, beef

Number of Mules )
and Asses........ 1
Number of Work- )
ing Oxen.......... f
Number o f Milch )
Cows................... C
Number o f Other )
Cattle................. )

6,385,094

8,585,735

8,935,332

993,841
12,443,120

9,693,069

22,488,550

horses and milch cows did not increase by any

classes is separated by well-defined lines from

21,723,220

14,779,373
22,471,275

13,566,005

Number o f S h eep ..

28,477,951

35,192,074

farm stock.

30,354,213

means as rapidly as in other decades.

Number of Sw ine..

33,512,867

25,134,569

47,681,700

Pounds o f W ool___

52,516,959

60,264,913

100,102,387

155,681,751

Pounds o f Butter...

313,345,306

459,681,372

514,092,683

777,250,287

Pounds o f Cheese..

105,535,893

103,663,927

53,492,153

27,272,489

owned and used for purposes of business or
pleasure, by persons not engaged in agricultural
pursuits.

It would appear that neither of these
Indeed, as to the former, the dis­

tinction is almost purely artificial, having been
made to facilitate the work of the census
office.

A n effort to obtain these statistics, by

means of a special investigation, has met with

the maps and diagrams of this group, will be
found in the text.
No such effort was made, however, to obtain
the statistics of the

second

of the above

classes, and the animals thus owned can only
be estimated in round numbers.

This class

consists almost entirely of milch cows, horses

numbers during the decade, and the number of
This

effect was doubtless due to the war, which con­
sumed and wasted large numbers of live stock.
The number of working oxen has suffered a
rapid decrease since i860, owing to the substi­

P E R C E N T A G E O F IN C R E A S E .

tution for them of horses and mules, in farm
1850 to
i860.

very good success, and the results, although
not reached early enough for incorporation in

cattle, and swine, suffered a great decrease in

Value of all Live Stock...........
Number of H orses...................
Mules and A s s e s ..
W orking Oxen . . .
Milch Cows...........
Other Cattle..........
“
Sheep.....................
Sw ine......................
Pounds of W ool.......................
“
Butter.....................
C h eese...................

i860 to
1870.

1870 to
1880.

100.2
44.1
105.9
32.6

40.0

*1.6

tion of cheese, upon farms, is due to the

I 4-3
*2.2

44-9

transfer of this industry, in great part, to man­

34-5
54-5
3-4

10.4
14-7

46.9
*1.8

* Decrease.

* 4 i -5
4.1
*8.2
26.7
*25.0
66.1
11.8
*48.4

61.1
*24.7
39-2

labor.

The immense decrease in the produc­

ufactories.

The industry of butter-making is

now undergoing a similar change, although

65.8
23.6
89.7

it has not yet been transferred from the farm

55-5

to the factory to any considerable extent.

51.2
*49.1

The above tables are supplemented by the
following, presenting a complete statement of

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

xc

the numbers of the different classes of live
stock in the country in 1880.

The numbers

H o r s e s . — The

distribution of horses “ on

farms” being closely allied with other agricul­

of cattle, sheep and swine on ranches are

tural

from the special investigation by the Census

manner.

office.

greatest, there is found, in most cases, the

Those of horses, mules and asses, milch

interests, follows

W here the agricultural product is

largest number of horses upon farms.

are not farmers, have been estimated.

conformity with this we find, speaking broadly,

On
F arm s.

Horses.................

On
R an ch es.

O t h e r w is e
O wned.

In

the Northern Central group of states leading

otal

U n it e d
St a t e s .

in

in this class of live stock, both in absolute

10, 357.488

2 , 166,00 0

1 2 , 523,488

Mules and Asses.

1,812,808

350,000

2 , 162,80 8

Milch Cow s........

12,443,120

6 , 000,000

18 , 4 4 3 ,1 2 0

area and to population; while in the North

W orking Oxen ..

9 9 3 ,8 4 1

9 9 3 ,8 4 1

Atlantic States, and especially in New E ng­

Other Cattle . . . .

2 2 , 4 8 8 ,550

3 , 750,022

Sheep .............

35,192,074

7,000,000

3.000.

000 45,192,074

Swine.............

47,681,700

2,090,970

7.000.

000 56,772,670

W ool, pounds

155,681,751

.............................................. 240,681,751

Butter,

“

777,250,287

.............................................. 806,672,071

Cheese,

“

27,272,489

..............................................243, 157,850

number and in number as proportioned to

26 , 2 3 8 ,5 72

land, the number is small as compared with
area, and still smaller in proportion to popu­
lation.

This fact is sufficiently explained by

the relatively greater importance in this section

These tables show that there was 1 horse
to every 4 inhabitants, or thereabouts, and 1
mule or ass to every 25 inhabitants.

The

number of working oxen was to the number
of the population as 1 is to 50; milch cows, 1
to 3; beef cattle, 1 to 2; sheep, as 9 is to 10;
while the number of swine was very nearly
equal to that of the population.

There were

produced during the Census year nearly 5
pounds of wool to every man, woman and
child in the country.

A n explanation should

of manufactures, as compared with agricultural
pursuits.

In the two southern sections, where

agriculture is largely carried on by manual
labor, and where mules are used as working
stock, to the practical exclusion

of horses

except for riding, we find the number of the
latter is comparatively small.

In the Western

States and Territories the numbers, though
absolutely and in proportion to area of but
small amount, are, relatively to population, much
greater than the average of the country.

be given of the addition to this item, as seen
in the last column.

The production of wool

M ules an d Asses.— In

regard to mules

given in the first table was merely the spring

and asses, other causes are found to influence

clip of 1883.

the distribution.

T o that has been added the fall

In the United States as a

clip of sheep on farms in California and Texas,

whole, the number of this class compares with

estimated at 13,000,000 pounds;

that

the clip of

ranch sheep, estimated at 34,000,000 pounds,
and the pulled wool and fleece of slaughtered
sheep, estimated at 38,000,000 pounds, giving

of horses

Am ong

the

as

1 to 5, approximately.

different

states,

however,

the

widest possible divergence is found from this
average

ratio.

In

many of the Southern

a total, as above stated, of 240,681,751 pounds.

States, for example, South Carolina, Georgia,

The

“ on

Alabama and Mississippi, the number of mules

farms ” is increased, in the last column, by the

and asses exceeds that of horses, and in every

factory product, thus presenting the total pro­

state of this section the proportion is far in

duction of the country.

excess of the average of the country.

production of butter and

cheese

C
F

l a s s if ic a t io n
a r m s

”

On the

R

an d
W

them in a general

cows, sheep and swine, owned by persons who

T

Cattle. —

of

“ O

a t t l e

n

.

M il c h

o r k in g

Cows.

Oxen.

North Atlantic Group.
M aine............................
New H am pshire----Verm ont.......................
M assachusetts.............
Rhode Island...............
Connecticut.................
New Y o rk .....................
New J e rse y ............... ,
Pennsylvania...............

C

an ch es

O th er
Cattle.

18,868

2 1 7 ,0 3 3

140,527
112,689
167,204

i4 ,5 7 i

1 5 0 ,4 3 5

96,045

10,601

28.418

21,460
116,319

39,633

1,437,855

,, 2,022
15,062

8 5 4 ,1 5 6

I 5°,845

43>°49
29,*52

90,564

3,523

South Atlantic Group.
D elaw are.....................
M aryland......................
District of Colum bia..
Virginia ........................
West Virginia...............
North C arolina...........
South Carolina............
Georgia.........................
F lo rid a..........................

152,078

27,284
122,907
1,292
243,061

5,818
22,246

92,149

862,233
69,786
861,019
20,450
”

7 ,3 8 7

12,643
50,188

1 5 6 ,9 5 6

271
388,414
288.845

232,133

3 7 5 ,*°5

2 4 ,5 0 7

139.881

199,321
544,812
500,080

4

54,709

50,026
16,141
8,226

767,043

3,97°

494,944

3,346
40,393

Northern Central Group.
O h io ..............................
Indiana.........................
Illin o is........................
M ich igan ......................
Wisconsin......................
Minnesota.....................
Io w a ..............................
M issouri...... .............
K an sas..........................
N ebraska......................
D ako ta..........................

315,073

865,913

42,174

7,234

854.187
661,405
418,333
161.187

1,084,917
864.846
1,545 ,1 63
0
466,660
622,005
347 , *6i
*,755,343
1,410,507
1,098,011
944,826

11.418

40,572

*54,793

75,534
61,705

2 7 1 ,4 4 3

4 0 4 ,2 1 3

268,178

3 8 7 ,4 5 2

4b729

146,454

28,762
36,344
2 ,5 0 6

9,020
16,789

Southern Central Group.
Alabam a.......................
Mississippi...................
Louisiana......................
T e x a s ............................
Arkansas.......................
Tennessee.....................
K en tu cky.....................
Indian Territory )
and Public Land j

9 0 ,5 0 2

25,444

27,312
36,166

384,578

-

478,374
275,545

606,176
249,407
303,900
301.882

282,418
4,198,020
433,392

452,462
5 ° 5,746
* 5 4 6 ,1 9 8

Western Group.
Montana.......................
W yom ing...................
Colorado.......................
New M exico.................
A rizona.........................
U ta h ..............................
N evada.........................
Idaho ............................
W ashington.................
O regon..........................
California.....................

936

718
2,080
16,432
984
3 ,9 6 8

11,308
3,730
28,770
1 2 ,9 5 5
9 ,1 5 6

32,768

765

1 3 ,3 1 9

737

12,838
27,622

3 ,8 2 1

4*6,035
5*6,765
760,642
3 *8,549
125,617
95 ,9*9
202,739
1 7 7 ,5 8 2

166,741

4 ,1 3 2

* Ranch stock only.

59,549

534,334

2,288

210,078

602,678

Farm stock was not enumerated.

The class of live stock “ on farms,” denomi­
nated by the Census “ Other Cattle,” consists

other hand, in the North Atlantic States, there

mainly of that raised for beef.

ranch stock, by states and territories, as estimated

are very few of this class of live stock.

been added the numbers of ranch cattle in the

by the special investigation of the Census office:

in this section, mules for draught purposes

different states

were almost unknown before the war; since

the last column of the above table.

that time, owing to the army education of

the total number of such cattle in the country

northern farmers, they have been gradually

is about one-half that of the population, a

coming into use, and supplanting oxen for

glance at the table shows that the proportion

farm work.

in the several states and territories presents

The following table shows the numbers of

STATES AND
TERRITORIES.
A rizona.............................
California..........................
Colorado...........................
D ako ta..............................
F lo rida..............................
Idaho ................................
Indian T erritory.............
K a n sas. . . .....................
Montana...........................
N ebraska..........................
Nevada..............................
New Mexico .................
O regon..............................
T e x a s ................................
U ta h ..................................
W ashington.....................
W yom ing..........................
Public Land.....................
Total on ranches........

Cattle.

S heep.

9 °,7 7 4

390,000

*5 °, 737

1,575 ,°°°

444,653

345 ,°°°

65,968

55 ,°°°
49,000
90,000

9 *,025

106,290
487,748

82,076
255,892
354,697

44,602
181,235
*8 i ,773
810,093
37,239

63,630
243,140

Sw in e .

4,63°
264,869
3,229
2,3*6
28,549

In Indiana, Illinois and Iowa the

and

territories, in forming
W hile

wide variations.

one hand, and horses on the other, is about

Central States,

1 to 10; while in the more northern tier of

Western States and Territories, the proportion

states, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota,

is greatly in excess.

the proportion is very much less.

In nearly

and territories that the supply of beef for the

499,252

all of the states and territories of the Western

North Atlantic States, and for export to foreign

3,423

group, the number of this class of live stock

countries, is derived.

is very small, indeed trifling in amount; while

while raising comparatively little beef, consume

in proportion to the number of horses, it is

55,°°°
130,000
95,000
48,000
97,000
1,850,000
285,000
1,240,000
290,000
96,000
310,000

proportion between mules and asses on the

correspondingly little, and the home supply is

much below the average of the United States.

equal to the demand.

7,449
773 ,9 3 *

86,274
4 ,9*2
377,178
85

10,302
22,973

1,246
352

58 ,45 0

3,750,022

Indeed,

T o this have

7,000,000

2,090,970

In most of the Northern
in Florida, Texas, and the
It is from these states

The Southern States,

LIV E STOCK AN D PRODUCTS.
In examining the statistics of working oxen,

Manufactures, has very rapidly increased.

In

XCl

New Mexico 16th, and Texas 25th.

Speaking

it is seen that they are most abundant in New

1870 the production from both sources was

generally, the principal development of this

England, in the South Atlantic and in the Gulf

162,927,382 pounds, while

industry is in the northern tier of states,

States, where their number ranges from one-

increased to 243,157,850 pounds.

in

1880 it had

extending from Vermont through New York,
Pennsylvania,

Ohio,

Indiana, Michigan and

The

The so-called production of milk reported

proportion is much less in New York, New

by the Census, includes only that portion of

Wisconsin.

Jersey and Pennsylvania; while in the states

the production which was sold for consumption

Missouri are also of importance; while upon

in

or disposed of to butter and cheese factories.

the Pacific coast, California has more than 26

these, the number is comparatively trifling.

It represents, therefore, only a

small part

head to a square mile, and that part of Oregon

It is greater in the states on the Canadian

of the total product.

The amount reported

lying west of the Cascade range is nearly as

border, where

was 530,129,755 gallons, of which New York

thickly occupied.

produced more than two-fifths, or nearly 232

comparatively few, and, as a rule, these are not

the greater proportion here is due to the

millions of gallons.

of high grade.

requirements of the great lumber interests of

at a considerable distance, by Ohio, Illinois

course, be made in the case of Texas, in which

these states.

and Pennsylvania.

state, and in New Mexico and California, sheep

fifth to one-half the number of horses.

the

Mississippi Valley,

lying

west

of

it averages about one-tenth

the number of the horses.

It is probable that

The average of the whole country shows
one milch cow to about three inhabitants, and

expected, the

This state was followed,
A s would

production of

naturally be
the

Southern

W est Virginia,

Kentucky and

The Southern States contain
Exception to this must, of

have been raised in immense numbers ever
since the days of Spanish dominion. The sheep,

States was very limited.

while the departures from this ratio in the

The production of dairy products (milk,

however, were of low grade, “ scrubs,” who had,

individual states are considerable, they are by

butter and cheese) follows closely, in its dis­

through generations of neglect, developed those

no means as great as in the other classes of

tribution over the country, the distribution

qualities of hardiness and toughness which

live stock.

of milch cows.

enabled them to pick up a living under adverse

The reason for this comparatively

It is decidedly greatest in

circumstances, and to withstand, without injury,

uniform distribution of milch cows is apparent.

the

It is owing to the universal necessity for their

States, the product of the other sections being

all the ordinary rigors of climate.

products, and the perishable nature of those

not greater, and in most localities much less,

ities, so desirable in “ ranch sheep,” were gained

products.

than is required for home consumption.

The

at the expense of flesh and fleece, so that the

the proportion, however, is very high. Thus, in

states producing the greater part of the butter

pure Mexican scrub is not of itself a source

Vermont, there is i cow to \y2 inhabitants; in

and cheese of the country, both on farms and

of profitable culture.

Iowa and Kansas, i to 2.

In others, however,

in factories, are New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio,

however, that by crossing these ewes with high

New York, Pennsylvania and

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan and W is­

grade Merino rams, a breed is produced which

Ohio, the great preponderance of other indus­

consin.

combines in high degree the good qualities of

tries has thrown this one completely into the

of cheese, while its production of butter is

both father and mother.

shade, and obliterated all traces of its effects in

comparatively small.

great sheep ranges of the states and territories

In some of the great dairy states

for example,

North Atlantic ■ and

Northern

Central

California produces a large amount

These qual­

It has been

found,

W ith such stock the

raising the ratio of milch cows to population.

of the extreme west are, in great measure,

Generally speaking, it may be said that this

stocked.

The breeding of sheep has been

ratio is least in the large manufacturing states,

Sheep. — T o

containing a great proportion of urban popu­

as

lation, and in the Southern States.

“ ranch sheep ” and 3,000,000 otherwise owned,

particularly

stands at 1 to 13 in Rhode Island, 1 to 12 in

making the total 45,192,074.

Ohio; and as the direct pecuniary value of

Massachusetts, and

1 to 7 in New Jersey.

the number of sheep on farms, which from 1850

improvements

Am ong the Southern States, it is 1 to 6 in

to i860 and from i860 to 1870 was very slight,

fully recognized, sheep farmers everywhere,

Virginia, North Carolina and Florida; 1 to 7

being less in the former decade than that of

and especially in the northwest and extreme

in South Carolina, and 1 to 5 in Georgia and

population, and in the latter scarcely exceeding

west, are paying more and more attention to

Alabama.

it, rose in the decade just past to 48 per cent.,

the subject.

Thus, it

The low proportion in those states

the number of sheep returned

“ on farms,”

must be

added

7,000,000

The increase in

carried to a high
the Eastern and
in

degree of excellence in

Mississippi V alley States,
Vermont,

New

York

and

in breeds is becoming more

having a large urban population is unquestion­

that of population being 30 per cent.

ably made up to them by the cows kept in the

this decade there was not only a great increase

cities and towns, not “ on farms.”

in number in most of the Eastern States, but

W o o l .— The

the great interest of “ ranch sheep” in the

much more rapid increase than the number of

states and territories of the extreme west has

sheep.

grown from comparatively small proportions

was 14.7 per cent.

to its present magnitude.

was 66.1 per cent., and between 1870 and 1880

D a iry P ro d u cts. — T o

the amount of

butter returned as having been made “ on

During
production of wool shows a

Between 1850 and i860 the increase

147 per cent.

Between i860 and 1870 it

This greater increase of wool

farms” in 1880 has been added the factory

In absolute numbers Ohio leads all the

product, 29,421,784 pounds, making the total

states, followed closely by California, and at a

production indicates a correspondingly greater

product in that year 806,672,071 pounds, an

distance by Texas, Michigan,

yield of wool per sheep.

average of very nearly 16 pounds for every

Pennsylvania and New York.

man, woman and child in the country.

square

New Mexico,
In number per

mile, which is the true measure of

The average fleece

in 1850 was but 2.3 pounds;
2.7 pounds;

in i860 it was

in 1870 it had risen to 3.5, and

importance in this industry, Ohio still leads,

in 1880, disregarding ranch sheep and their

been gradually decreasing for many years,

being far in advance of all the rest.

product, to 4.4 pounds.

while

during the same period the factory

follow Vermont, Pennsylvania, Michigan, New

The distribution of wool production natur­

production, as shown in the chapter upon

York, etc.; California standing 8th in the list,

ally conforms in general features to that of

The manufacture of cheese upon farms has

Then

SCRIBNERS STATISTICAL ATLAS.

XC11

sheep.

The

principal production is in the

W

e ig h t

F

per

l e e c e

—

in

P

Iowa the proportion between them is nearly

o u n d s.

4 to 1; in Nebraska, 3 to 1; and in several

North Atlantic and Northern Central sections,

i8 60 .

1870.

1880.

3-3
3-7

4.1

4-9

4-5
5-4

S-o
4-4

3-8

3-9
3-2

3-9

products are of great value, and in recent years

2.9

3 -o

3-6

4-9

3-9
4-8

have greatly increased.

2.6
2.9

2.8

3-7

of the exportation of beef cattle on the hoof.

3-7

4.8

2.7

2.6

4-5

from a value of $439,987 in

3-2

3-4

S-°

2.4
...
1.6
1.8

2.4
2.9

3-7

$13,344,195 in 1880.

other states of this group the number of swine

to which should be added California, western
Oregon

and

southern

Texas.

speaking, it may be said

Generally

that those states

which stand low in number of sheep, stand still
lower in production of wool.

The reason for

this is, that in the states in question the raising
of wool is not pursued as an avocation, but is
merely an incident of farming, and conse­
quently little

or no attention

is given

to

breeding, or to other matters which determine
the weight and quality of the fleece.

Hence

the average weight of a fleece is less than in
other sections where the business is followed
exclusively.

T o illustrate the range of weight

per fleece in the different states, the following
table has been prepared.

The most striking

fact shown by it is the lightness of the fleece
in the Southern States as compared with that
of the northern part of the country.

In the

North Atlantic and Northern Central sections
the fleece ranges from 3.7 to 6.5 pounds, and
the average must be a fraction over 5 pounds.
In the two southern sections the weight ranges
from 2.2 to 4.6 pounds per fleece, with an
average

not above 3 pounds.

There is a

similar difference in 1870 and in i860.

This

is probably produced by a combination of
causes.

First, as has already been suggested,

want of care in housing, feeding, breeding and
shearing; and, second, the climate.

Nature

does not provide as warm a covering for ani­
mals

living under a semi-torrid sun

as if

exposed to the chilling blasts of a northern
winter.
Between

i860 and

1870

most

of

North Atlantic Group.

is fully twice that of population.

Maine...................................
New H am pshire...............
Verm ont..............................
M assachusetts...................
Rhode Island.....................
Connecticut........................
New Y ork............................
New Jersey.........................
Pennsylvania.....................

4.1
3-3

E xports. — The

5-8

♦

i -7
i -3
2.0

3 -°

4.2

5 -i

2.6
2.6

3 -i
3-7
4-4
3-8

S-6
5-9
5-4
5-2

3 -°

4-3

3-5
2-7
3 -i

6-5
5*2

3 -3'

6.4

4.6

5-2

blessings to us.

3-1
3 -o

1.6
2.6
2.2
i -4
i -4

...

The larger part of this

W ith the increase in exports

the value per head has increased very greatly.

Northern Central Group.
O h io ....................................
Indiana................................
Illin o is ................................
M ich ig an ............................
Wisconsin............................
Minnesota.........................
I o w a ....................................
M issouri..............................
K a n s a s................................
N ebraska............................
D a k o ta ................................

up to

misfortunes of the mother country proving

2-3

i -4

1870,

increase, too, has taken place since 1877, the

4.0
2.0
2.6
2.9

i -9
2.0

This is true especially

Within ten years this has increased 30 times,

South Atlantic Group.
D e la w a re............................
M aryland............................
V ir g in ia ..............................
West V ir g in ia ...................
North C a ro lin a .................
South Carolina...................
G e o r g ia ..............................
F lo rid a ................................

exports of live stock and its

In 1871 the export value of beeves was only
$19.65, and the price continued very nearly at
these figures until 1876, when it rose rapidly,
and in 1880 was over $73 per head.
The exportation of fresh and preserved beef
has also increased considerably.

5-7

That of the

former has more than doubled since 1876, while
in the same period the latter has increased 10

Southern Central Group.
Alabam a..............................
M ississippi..........................
Louisiana............................
Texas ..................................
Arkansas..............................
K en tu cky............................
Tennessee............................

2.1
1.9
1.6
2.0
2.0

1.6
1.2
1.2
1.8

2.2

times.

2.5

now exported to so great an extent as formerly.

3-7

2.9
2.2

i -3
2.4
i -7

...
...
...
0.6
...
2.0
0.9
...
2.0
2.6

.. ..

5-4

4-7

4.9

i -7
1.1

4-3

2-5

The exportation of mutton, both

4.6
2.9

2-5

1.8

0.9

greatly.

Meanwhile the price of sheep for export rose

4-9
4-7
4-7

4.1

since 1877 that of meat has increased many fold.

4.2

2'5
3-3
3-7
3-4

The exportation of sheep on the hoof

was 10 times as great in 1880 as in 1871, while

i -9
4 -i

1.8

on the

hoof and as fresh meat, has increased very

Western Group.
M ontana..............................
W yom in g............................
Colorado..............................
New M e x ic o .....................
Arizona................................
U ta h ....................................
N evada................................
I d a h o ..................................
W ashington........................
O rego n ................................
California. . . . .................

Salted or cured meat, however, is not

4.4

from $1.91 in 1871 to $4.27 in 1880.
The export of live hogs shows a similar
increase.

5-3

This increase, however, took place

early in the decade, the exportation reaching a
maximum in 1874, when, with an average price

the

Southern States show a decrease in weight of

S w in e. — In

fleece per sheep.

This is probably explained

Northern Central States, as a group, lead, both

the country was 1,625,837.

by the fact that during four years of war this

in absolute number of swine and in number

restrictive legislation on the part of European

class of live stock, like the rest, received little

per square mile.

nations

or no care, and consequently it deteriorated.

the principal, almost the entire, supply for

although it is still much greater than at the

The marked improvement since 1870, especially

export is derived.

beginning

in the border states, is thus more strongly

number is large, but probably no greater than

export price of hogs has oscillated from $5 to

emphasized. In

is required for home consumption, as pork

$10, and above, the former being the average

weight per fleece has steadily increased since

forms a considerable part of the diet of the

price in 1880.

i860, with scarcely an exception.

inhabitants of these states.

have steadily increased during the decade, from

the

Northern

States

the

In some

the

production

of

pork the

It is from these states that
In the Southern States the

of $10.25, the number of hogs sent out of

has
of

greatly
the

Since that year

reduced

decade.

exportation,

Meanwhile

the

The exports of ham and bacon

71,446,854 pounds in 1871 to 759,773,109 in

states, notably those in the northern part of

The number of swine in the country is, as

the Mississippi Valley, this increase has been

was shown above, slightly in excess of that

1880.

very great.

of the population.

In nearly all of the South­

increased, but by no means in equal ratio,

of Iowa, which has increased from 2.6 in i860

ern States the proportion between the number

while the gradual depression in the price leaves

to 6.5 pounds in 1880.

of swine and of population is nearly the same as

the value of the exports very nearly the same

her average fleece still more— from 1.4 in i860

in the country at large.

as ten years ago.

to 6.4 pounds in 1880.

In the states and

States, and in the states and territories of the

gone up from about 80 million in 1871 to 375

territories of the extreme west the fleeces are

W estern group, the number of swine is very

million pounds in 1880, with an increase in

generally heavy; but in New Mexico the shift­

much less than that of population, while in the

value from $10,563,020 to $27,920,367.

less character of the native population is well

states of the Northern Central group, almost

The total value of the exports of meat, on the

illustrated by the average weight of fleeces—

without exception, the number of the former is

hoof, fresh or preserved, w as: for 1870, $18,288,-

1.9 pounds only.

very much greater than that of the latter.

115; 1875, $68,341,852; 1880, $117,872,556.

The heaviest average fleece is that
Nebraska has increased

In the North Atlantic

In

The exports of fresh pork, too, have

The exports of lard have

L I V E

P late 111

STOCK

-A N I P R O D U C T S
-U T D
CATTLE,

CATTLE ON FARMS,
NOT

INCLUDING

RANCH

STO CK.

(Based on the Returns o f th e Tenth Census.)

Cattle,per Square Mile, by States, 1880.
Rank

Total Cattle, by States, 1880,
Rank State
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
38
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

SCALE:

Head

IN D E X ,

D .C ...
1,567
R .I—
35,584
A riz. .
44,983
Del. ..
63,653
Ida. ..
84,867
U tah..
95,410
Wash.134,554
D ak. ..
140,815
N .M ex
166,701
N ev...
172,221
M ont..
172,387
N.J. . .
223,886
N .II...
333,405
Conn..
236,886
M ass..
261,051
Md. ..
262,540
Wyo. .
278,073
M e ....
334,421
Colo. . 346,839
S.C. . .
363,709
Vt. . . .
403,105
O reg ..
416,242
\V. Ya.
458,444
Fla. ..
467,370
La. . . .
470,601
N .C .. .
657,426
Minn..
659,050
Cal. ..
664,307
V a ....
686,184
A r k ...
708,243
Miss. .
717,335
Ala. ..
751,190
N ebr..
758,550
T enn ..
783,674
843,794
K y .- ..
M ich ..
891,631
Ga___
909,911
\Vis... 1,129,141
Ind. .. 1,363,760
Ivans.. 1,451,057
P a .. . . 1,730,237
O h io.. 1,860,180
M o .... 2,080,932
N .Y ... 2,339,721
Ill____ 2,384,322
ilow a .. 2,612,036
T e x ... 4,084,605

A l a .. .10 MO... . 5
A riz. .45 Mont. .37
A rk .. .18 Nebr. .15
Cal. . .20 N ev.. .38
Golo. .29 N.H.. .35
Conn -34 N.J. . .36
D ak.. A0\N.Mex‘X>
Del. . .44IN.Y.. - 4
D .C .. .47 N .O .. .22
Fla. . .24 Ohio. . 0
G a ... .11 Oreg. .26
Ida. _ 43 P a ... . 7
111.. . 8 R.T.. .46
Ind. . 9 S.C. . .28
Iow a 2 Tenn .14
Ivans - 8 T e x .. . 1
K y ... .13 Utah. .42
L a .. . .23 V t . . . .27
M e ... .30 V a .. .19
M d .. .32 Wash -41
Mass. .33 W.Va.25
Mich. .12 Wis. .10
Minn -21 Wyo. .31
Miss. .17

200,000

300,000

*

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

State

Head

A riz. .
.3
D a k ...
.9
Ida. ..
1.0
U tah..
1.2
M ont..
1.2
N .M ex
1.3
N e v ...
1.5
Wash.- 2.0
Wyo. .
2.8
C o lo ..
3.3
4.2
Cal. . .
Oreg.
4.4
Minn..
8.8
8.6
Fla. ..
N ebr..
9.9
La. . . . 10.3
M e .... 11.1
S.C. .. 12.0
A r k ... 13.3
N .C ... 13.5
Ala. . . 14.5
G a .. . . 15.4
Miss. . 15.5
M ich .. 15.5
T e x ... 15.6
V a .. . 17.7
N ans.. 17.0
W .Va. 18.6
T en n .. 18.7
W is ... 20.7
K y ... . 21.0
N .II... 25.8
D .C ... 26.1
M d ..., 26.6
Dei. .. 27.3
N.J. .. 30.0
M o .... 30.2
Mass.. 32.4
R .I___ 32.7
Ind. .. 37.8
Pa. . . . 38.4
in ....... 42.5
Vt. . . . 44.1
O h io .. 45.6
Io w a . 47.0
C onn.. 48.8
N .Y ... 49.1

SCALE:
5 H ead p e r Sq. Mile.

KEY
Under 2 Head per SqJtfile..
2 and under 5 Hd. per Sq. Mile.

A l a . . 27 Mo. .11
A riz. .47 Mont. 43
A rk . . 29 Nebr. .33
Cal. . 37 N ev.. .41
Colo. .38 N .H ., - 1 G
Conn. 2 N.J. . . 1 2
.46 N .M ex 42
Del. ..13 N .Y ., 1
D .C .. 15 N.C._ -28
Fla. ..34 Ohio
4
G a. .. .26 Oreg .36
Ida. ..45 Pa. - 7
i n . . . . 6 R.T.. . 9
Ind. .
D.C. . 3 0
Iow a 3 Tenn. .19
Kans. .21 T e x .. -23
K y ... .17 Utah. .44
L a . .. .32 Vt. .. . 5
M e ... .31 Va
Md. ..14 Wash -w
Mass. .10 VV.Va . 2 0
Mich. .24 W is.. 18
Minn. -35 Wyo.. .39
Miss. .25

D k..
a

8

Glasses Compared, 1880.
scale

Class©

Year

Value

SCALE!
$3,000,000

5,009,856
4,883,080
7,441,918

$ 6 ,000,000

$ 8,000,000

$10,000,000
§ 12,000,000
$14,000,000

Cattle (Living),
Year |
1870 S 439,987
1871 i 403,491 1
1872
565,719
1873'
695,957
1874 1,,150,857
18751 1,,103,085
187G 1,,110,703
1877, 1.,593,080
1878 3;,896,818
1879 8,,379,200
1880 13.,344,195

Leather and Manufactures of
Year

4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

I I I I I I I I I I I I

$4,000,000
1877
1878
1879
1880

Number

:

5,000,000 Head
10.000,000

. 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

EXPO RTS.
Fresh Beef.

40 and oyer

Value

I860 $ 1,547,177
1861 1,404,054
1862 1,191,050
1803 2,140,013
1864 1,931,126
1865 3,1Q3,648
1866 i,oas,829
1867 1,049,615
1868 1,414,372
'869
925,283
1876
673,331
1871 1,897,395
1872 3,684,029
1873 5,305,494
1874 4,780,518
1875 7,324,796
1870 10,008,985
1877 8,167,301
1878 8,080,030
1879 7,769,069
1880 6,700,180

N o t e .—The figures given in tfto three exp ort
charts a b ov e are from th e Reports o f the Bureau
o f Statistics, and present everything o f special
interest, as th e light exp orts o f previous years
w ere so small as t o b e com paratively unim­
portant.

RET RO SPEC T.
W orking Oxen.

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CH A R LES SC R IB N E R ’S SONS.

W orking oxerr.
M ilch c o w s ___
Other c a t tle ...

993,841 i

15,000,000

80,000,000

LIVE

stock

: altd

pr o d u c ts

P late

112

SW INE,

SWINE ON FARMS.
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Swine,per Square Mile, by States, 1880.
Rank State

Total Swine, by States, 1880.
Head

Rank State
47
40
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
3G
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
20
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Wyo. ..
D .C ...
Ariz. .
Colo. .
N.M ex
N ev...
M ont..
R .I—
Ida. ..
U tah..
Wash.Del. ..
N .I I .D a k...
Conn.M e ....
Vt.
M ass..
O reg ..
N .J ...
Fla. ..
Aid. ..
Minn..
W .V a.
C a l....
S.C. ..
La. . . .
N .Y ...
V a .. . .
M ich..
Wis. ..
Miss. .
P a.. ..
N eb r..
Ala. ..
N.C. Ga___
A r k ...
Kans..
T e x ...
Tenn..
K y .- ..
O h io..
Ind. ..
M o ....
dll____
Iow a.-

sca le

567
1,132
3,819
7,050
7,837
9,089
10,278
14,121
14,178
17,193
40,823
48,180
53,437
05,391
63,G99
74,309
76.384
80,123
150,222
219,009
287,051
335,400
381,415
510,013
G03,550
028,193
033,489
751,907
950,451
9G4,071
1,128,025
1,151,818
1,107,9G3
1,241,724
1,252,4G2
1,453,541
1,471,003
1,505,098
1,787,909
1.950,371
2,100.495
2,225,225
3,141,333
3,180,413
4,553,123
5,170,200
0,034,310

47
40
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
30
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
23
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
1G
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2

* IN D E X .

:

A la .. .13 M o... . 3
A riz. .45 Mont. .41
A rk.. .10 Nebr. .14
Cal. . .23 N ev.. .42
Colo. .44 N .H .. .35
Conn -33 JN.J. - .28
Dak... .34 N J le x 43
Del. . .30 N .Y ., .20
D .C .. .40 N.C. .12
Fla. . .27 Ohio. . 5
G a ... .11 Oreg. .29
Ida. . .39 Pa. .. .15
111.... . 2 R .I... .40
Ind. . . 4 S.C. . .22
Iow a . 1 Tenn - 7
Kans - 9 T ex.. . 8
K y ... . 0 Utah. .38
.21 V t... .31
M e... .32 V a. . .19
Aid. . .20 Wash -37
Muss 30 W .V a.24
Mich. .18 W is.. .17
Minn .25 Wyo. .47
Miss. .10

100,000 H ead.

200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
C00.C

000,000

1 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
,

Wyo. .
A rlz. .
'N .M ex
Mont. .
Colo. N e v ...
Ida. ..
U tah..
D a k ...
Wash.O reg..
M e ....
Cal. ..
Minn..
Fla. ..
N .II...
T e x ...
v t . ...
M ass..
R .I—
Conn.L a .. . .
N .Y ...
N ebr..
M ich..
D .C ...
W .Va.
W is ...
S.C. ..
Kans..
V a .. . .
Ala. ..
Del. ..
Miss. .
Ga.. ..
Pa. . . .
N.,T. ..
A rk ...
N .C ...
M d ....
Tenn.K v .—
M o ....
O h io..
Ind. ..
Ill.......

Head
.005
.03
.00
.07
.07
.08
.1
.2
.4
.7
1.0
2.4
3.8
4.8
5.2
5.9
7.4
8.3
9.9
13.0
13.1
13.9
15.7
10.2
10.7
18.8
20.7
20.7
20.8
21.8
23.8
24.3
24.5
24.8
24.9
20.4
29.3
29.5
29.9
34.0
51.7
55 0
GG.2
77.0
88.7
92.3

SCALE:
5 Head per Sq.Mile.

KEY
w / U n d er 2 Head p e r Sq. M ile -----2 a nd u n d er 5 H d. p e r Sq. Mile-

20

25

30

35
- * « IN D E X .

40

N .C .. . 9
O h io.. 4
Greg. .37
Pa___ 12
R.
S. O. ..19
T enn.. 7
T e x . ..31
Utah. A0
Vt. ...3 0
Va. ...1 7
Wash.-'38
W .Va.21
Wis. ..20
Wyo. .47

60
80

>.Ii 8|n !y .._25

6, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

EXPORTS.
(Based oh the Reports o f the Bureau o f Sta­
tistics.)

Table of Lowest and H ighest Prices o f Mess
Pork, per Barrel, in New York.
(From “ T he Am erican A lm an ac and Treasury of
Facts,” 1 >1.)
&

The ex p o r t o f liv e h o g s h a s b een sm all—a b o u t
$500,000 p er a nnum . In on e y e a r o n ly (1874) d id it
rea ch $1,000,000.

Pork.

Y ear

SCALE:

02, 000,000

Year

184,000,000

1860 03,132,313
1801 2,009,818
1802 3,980,153
1808 4,334,775
1804 5,828,030
1805 0,850,808
1866 4,7'88,484
1307 3,597,090
1808 3,267,052
1809 3,422,928
1870 3,253,137
1871 4,302,320
1872 4,122,308
1873 5,007,035
1874 5,803.712
1875 5.071,495
1870 5,744,022
1877 0,290,414
1878 4,913,057
1879 4,807,568
1880 1 5,930,252

L.

Y ear

H.

L.

H.

1825 812 00 $14 75 1853 $13 00 $19 75
1820 10 00 12 00 1854 12 12 10 00
1827 11 25 15 25 1855 12 50 23 00
1828 12 00 15 00 1850 10 25 21 00
1829 11 00 13 75 1857 10 50 25 70
1830 11 00 15 50 1858 15 35 19 00
O 18 12
1831 12 00 15 25 1859 14 G
1832 12 50 14 25 186(1 10 12 19 75
17 00 1801 12 25 18 00
1833 12 50
15 00 1802 11 G
O 14 50
1831 12
1835 13 50 18 50 1803 11 no 18 25
1830 18 00 30 00 1804 19 no 43 25
10 00 24 50 1805 19 00 31 50
is j;
1838 10 50 25 50 1800 21 18 33 55
1839 14 50 23 50 1807 18 90 24 10
13 00 16 00 1808 21 10 29 50
isio
1811
8 75 13 50 1809 26 50 33 37
O 30 00
1812
0 75 10 25 18V6 20 (J
1813
7 50 11 50 1671 12 85 23 00
1844
8 50 10 25 1872 12 80 10 00
1815
9 25 14 12 1873 13 00 19 00
1810
9 02 13 37 1874 13 85 24 25
10 25 16 00 1875 18 00 22 75
1847
9 0
(1 13 00 1870 15 70 22 37
18-18
1849
9 87 14 25 1877 11 75 17 37
8 25 13 00
1850 10 .00 11 87 1878
7 80 12 75
1851 12 00 15 50 1879
1852 14 G2 19 75 1880 10 50 18 00

$6,000,000
$ 8,000,000

$ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,000

Lard.
Year

$ 12 , 000,000

V alue

1860 $4,545,831
1801 4,729,297
1802 10,004,521
1863 15,755,570
1804 11,200,728
1805 9,134,853
1800 5,970,051
1807 0,G34,556
1808 9,427,831
1809! 7,443,948
1870 5,933,397
1871 10,503,020 I
187: 20.177.019
1873 21,245,815
1874 19.308.019
1875 22,900,522
1870 22,429,485
1877 25,502,G05
1878 30,022,133
1879 22,850,073
1880 27.920,307

$14,000,000
|16,000,000
$18,000,000
$ 20 , 000,000
$ 22 , 000,000

$24,000,000
$26,000, 000
$28, 000,000

$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$32,000,000

■

$34,000,000
$30,000,000
$38,000,000

Bacon and Hams.

3,470,998 jss a p a p a B
?,482,060

$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
Table of Lowest and Highest Prices of Cheapest Grade of
Lard, per ?ound, in New York
(From “ The American Alm
anac, and Treasury of Facts, ’ 1881.)
Year L.

RETROSPECT.
Census
1850
1800
1870
1880

Number
30,354,213
33,512,807
25,134,509
47,681,700

SCA LE:
5,000,000 H ead.

1825 7c.
1826 7
1827 7
1828 0
1829 4
1830 5
1831 8
1832 6
1833 7
1834 7
1835 7
1830 11
1837 6
1838 7

H.
10c.
9
10
9
6
13
11
10
11
9
11
17
15
15

Year L.
1839
1816
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1840
1847
1818
1849
1850
1851
1852

7
6
5
5
5
6
5
0
6
6
6
7
9

H.
15c.
12
9
8
8
7
8
8
11
9
8
7
10
12

Year L.
1853 9c.
1854 9
1855 9
1850 9
1857 10
1858 8
1859 10
18C0 10
1801 8
1802 7
1803 9
1804 12
18G5 15
1866 12

CO PYRIGH T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

H.
12c.
11
12
14
10
12
12
13
10
10
12
24
29
22

Year L
1807 l i e .
1808 12
1800 10
1S70 12
1871 9
1872 7
1873 7
1874 8
1875 13
1870 12
I8V7 8
1878 0
1879 Si
1880 7

Table of Lowest and Highest Prices of Cheapest Grade of
Hams , per Pound, in New York.
From “ The American Almanac and treasury of Facts,’ 1881

H.

Year L.

14c.
20
21
18
13
10
9
16
16
14
12
9
8
9

1825 7c.
1820 8
1827 10
1828 8
1829 9
1830 9
1831 9
1832 9
1H38 8
1884 8
1833 8
1830 9
1837 9
1838 10

H.
11
11
12
11
10
11
11
11
10
10
12
17
15
15l

Year L.

H.

Year L.

H.

Year L.

H.

1830 10c.
1840 4
1841 4
1842 4
1843 3
1844 3
1845 5
1840 5
1847 0
1848 5
1849 0
1850 6
1851 7
1863 8

14c.
10
9
9
9
9
10
11
13
11
11
11
11
10

1853 8c.
1854 7
1855 8
1850 9
1857 6
185S 9
1859 9
1800 10
1801 7
1802 5
1803 5
1804 11
1805 11
1866 11

10c.
11
11
11
10
13
12
13
11
9
8
17
23
22

1867 10c.
1808 11
1809 17
1870 9
1871 0
1872 6
1873 5
1874 8
1675 9
1870 7
1877 10
1878 7
1870 l
1880 8

10c.
18
24
14
13
9
10
11
11
13
14
12
12
Hi

I __________ 28

Plate 1 1 3

L I V E

HORSES ON FARMS.

sc a le

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

D .G .. .
A riz. .
R.T—
Wyo. .
N .M ex
Del. ..
Fla. ..
Ida. ..
N ev...
Mont..
Utah..
D ak...
Colo. .
Conn.Wash.N .H ...
Mass..
S.C. ..
Vt. . . .
N.J. ..
M e ....
G a ..L a .. . .
Miss. .
Ala. ..
Md. ..
O reg ..
W . Y a.
N .C ...
A rk ...
N ebr..
V a .- ..
Cal. ..
Minn..
Tenn..
W is ...
Kans..
P a .. . .
Ind. ..
N .Y ...
M o ....
O h io..
Iow a .
T e x ...
Ill.......

H ead

:

*

100,000 Head.

1,027
6,798
9,661
11,975
14,547
21,933
22,636
24,300
32,087
35,114
38,131
41,670
42,257
44,940
45,848
46,773
59,629
60,660
75,215
86,940
87,848
98,520
104,428
112,309
113,950
117,796
124,107
126,143
133,686
146,333
204,864
218,838
237,710
257,282
266,119
352,428
372,648
378,778
430,907
533,587
581,444
610,358
667,776
736,478
792,322
805,606
1,023,082

IN D E X .

Ala. . .23 M o ... . 5
A riz. .46 Mont. .38
A r k .. -lfc Nebr. .17
Cal. . .1 5 N ev.. .39
Colo. .35 N .IL . .32
Conn.
N .J .. .28
D a k .. .3 6 N .M ex 43
Del. . .4 2 N .Y .. . 6
I). C. . .47 N .C .. .19
Fla. . .41 Ohio. 4
G a.. . .26 Oreg. .21
Ida. . .40 Pa. .. . 8
i n . . . 1 R .I ... .45
Ind. . 7 S.C. . .3 0
Iow a 3 Tenn. .13
Kans. 9 T e x .. . 2
R y— 11 Utah. .37
La. .25 V t ... .2 9
M e... 27 Va. . .16
Md. . .22 Wash -33
Mass. .31 W . V a .20
Mich. .10 W is .. .1 2
Minn. .14 Wyo. .44
Miss. .24

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

700,000

800,000

Total Mules and Asses, by States, 1880.
sc a le

R .I—
D .G .. .
N .H ...
Mass..
V t. . . .
M e ....
Conn.Ida. ..
Wash. Wyo.
Mont..
A riz. .
N ev ...
C o lo ..
D a k. ..
O reg..
U tah..
Del. ..
N .Y ...
M ich ..
W . Va.
W is ...
Minn..
N .M ex
N .J ...
Fla. ..
Md.....
O h io..
N ebr..
P a .. . .
Cal. . .
V a . ...
Iow a .
Ind. ..
Kans..
S.C. ..
La. —
N .C ...
A r k ...
Ky. . .
Ala. ..
Ill____
Miss. .
G a ....
T e x ...
T enn..
M o—

:

Head
46
68
87
243
283
298
539
610
626
671
858
891
1,258
2,581
2,703
2,804
2,898
3,931
5,072
5,083
6,226
7,136
9,019
9,063
9,267
9,606
12,561
19,481
19,999
22,914
28,343
33,598
44,424
51,780
64,869
67,005
76,674
81,871
87,082
116,153
121,081
123,278
129,778
132,078
132,447
173,498
192,027

x ---- « I N D E X .

100,000 Head.

200,000

Ala. - 7 M o ..-- 1
A riz. .36 Mont. .37
Ark. . 9 N ebr.. 19
Cal. .17 N ev.. .35
Colo. .34 N .H ...45
Conn..41 N.J. ..23
D a k ... 33 N.M ex 24
Del. .30 N .Y. ..29
D.C. .46 N .C ... 10
Fla. .22 O h io.. 20
G a .. . 4 Oreg. -32
Ida. .40 Pa.......18
Ill____6 R .I---- 47
Ind. .14 S.C. ..12
Iow a. .15 T enn.. 2
Kans.. 13 T e x ... 3
Ky. . 8 Utah.. 31
La___ 11 Vt. ...4 3
M e... .42 V a — 16
Md.. .21 Wash.-39
Mass. .44 W .Va.27
Mich. .28 Wis. ..26
Minn. .25 Wyo. .38
M is s .. 5

SHEEP ON FARMS,
Total Sheep, by States, 1880.

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
i

D .C ...
R .I—
Del. . .
Ida. ..
D a k...
Fla. ..
Conn..
Mass..
A riz. .
N.J. ..
S.C. ..
N e v ...
La. . . .
Wyo. .
M d..._
M ont..
N eb r..
N .H ...
U tah..
A r k ...
M inn..
Miss. .
Wash.Ala. -.
V t ....
Iow a .
N .C ...
V a , ...
Kans..
Ga___
M e ....
Tenn..
W .V a.
Colo. .
Oreg..
Ind. ..
W is .. .
M o___
N .Y ...
P a .. . .
N .M ex
M ich ..
T e x ...
Cal. . .
O h io ..

scale:

17,211
21,967
27,326
30,244
56,681
59,431
67,979
76,524
117,020
118,889
133,695
135,631
140,225
171,184
184,277
199,453
211,825
233,121
246,757
267,598
287,694
292,883
347,538
439,870
455,359
461,638
497,289
499,671
527,589
565,918
072,789
674,769
746,443
1,000,269
1,037,073
1,083,162
1,100,511
1,336,807
1,411,298
1,715,180
1,776,598
2,088,831
2,189,389
2,411,633
4,152,349
4,902,486

ar

26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

C a l. . .

G a .. . .
S.C. -Ala. ..
La. . . .
Miss. .
N eb r..
N .C ...
A r k ...
M e ....
T e x ...
Minn..
W . Va.
N.TI...
Kans..
V a .. . .
T enn ..
W is ...
M ich ..
M ass..

SC A LE:
5 H ead per
Sq. M ile.

10

'I N D E X .
Ala. .32 M o ... .11
A riz. .47 Mont. .44
A rk .. .27 Nebr. .29
Cal. .35 N ev.. .41
Colo. .40 N.H.- .22
Conn .13 N.J. . . 9
D ak. . .43 N .M ex 40
Del. . .10 N .Y .. . 6
D .C . . . 3 N .C .. .28
Fla. . .39 Ohio. 2
G a ... .34 Oreg. .30
Ida. . .42 Pa.
8
111.... . 1 R .I... .14
Ind. . . 4 S.C. . .33
Iowa. . 5 Tenn. .19
Ivans. .21 T e x .. .25
K y ... .12 Utah. 38
La. .. .31 V t .. 15
M e... .26 Va. .20
M d... . 7 Wash. -37
Mass. .16 VV.Va 23
Mich. .17 W is .. .18
Minn. .24 Wyo. .45
Miss. .30

V t ....

R .I.—
Conn. _
Ky—
M o ....
Del. ..
N.J. ..
Pa. . . .
M d ....
N .Y ...
Iow a ..
Ind. ..
D .G ...
O h io..
m ____

n .i
11.8
14.2
16.1
17.1
18.0
18.2

IN D E X .

100,000 Head.
200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

Mules and Asses, per Square Mile, by States, 1880.
Rank State
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
85
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
10
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Head

Mont. .
Wyo. .
nder
Ida. .. u
A riz. .
M e .... given.
Wash.N .IL -.
N e v ... .01
.01
C o lo .. .02
O re g .. .02
Mass.. .03
V t___ .03
L ta h .. .03
R .I .... .04
N. Mex .07
M ich.. .08
N .Y ... .1
Conn.. .1
Minn.. .1
W is .. . .1
Fla. .. .1
Cal. .. .1
W . Va. .2
N ebr.. _2
D h io .. .4
T e x ... .5
Pa. . . . .5
Kans.. .7
Iow a.- .8
V a .. . . .8
D .C ... 1.1
N.J. . . 1.2
M d .. . 1.2
Ind. . . 1.4
A rk ... 1.6
N .C ... 1.6
La. . . . 1.6
Del. . . 2.0
Hi____ 2.2
S.C. .. 2.2
G a .— 2.2
Ala. .. 2.3
M o .... 2.7
Miss. . 2.8
K y ... . 2.9
T enn.. 4.1

Rank State

(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

____

32
31
30
29
28

.06
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.4
.4
.4
.6
1.3
1.5
1.6
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.9
3.0
3.2
5.1
5.1
5.2
5.4
6.3
6.4
6.5

sc a le

:

5 H ead per
' Sq. Mile.

j. —

« IN D E X .

Ala. . . 5 M o ... . 4
A n z . .44 Mont. .47
A rk.. .12 Nebr. .23
Cal. . .25 N ev.. .40
Colo. .38 N .H .. .41
Conn. .29 N.J. . .15
Dak. . .39 N .M ex 32
Del. . . 9 N .Y .. .30
V . C. . .16 N.C. . .11
Fla. . .26 O h io . .22
G a ... 6 Oreg. .37
Ida. . .45 Pa.
.20
111. . . . 8 It, I .33
Ind. . .13 S.C. - 7
Iow a. .18 Tenn. . 1
Kans. .19 T e x —.21
K y ... . 2 Utah. .31
La. -. .10 v t ,.. . .35
M e ... .43 V a .. .17
M d ... .14 Wash -42
Mass. .36 W .V a 24
Mich. .31 W is .. .27
Minn. .28 Wyo. .46
Miss. . 3

Census

Head

1850
1860
1870
1880

559,331
1,151,148
1,125,415
1,812,808

Sheep, per Square Mile, by States, 1880.

N O T IN C L U D IN G R A N C H S T O C K .

Rank State

as

Head

,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

(Based on the Returns o f'th e Tenth Census.)

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

P R O D U C T S

900,000

MULES and ASSES ON FARMS.

Rank State

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34

State

A riz. .
N. Mex
Wyo. .
Mont. .
D ak...
Ida. ..
N e v ...
Colo. .
Fla. . .
U tah..
Wash.O r e g ..

Rank

Total Horses, by States, 1880.
State

.A . i n t o

Horses, per Square Mile, by States, 1880.

(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Rant

S T O C IC

Ala. . .24 M o ... 8
A riz. .39 Mont. .32
A rk .. 28 Nebr. .31
C a l.. 2 N ev.. .36
Colo. .14 N.IL- ::o
Conn. .41 N.J. . ;J8
Dak. . .43 N .M ex 5
Del. . .45 N .Y .. 7
D. C. . .47 N .C .. .21
Fla. . .42 Ohio. 1
G a ... .18 Oreg. .11
Ida. . .44 Pa. .. G
111.. . .12 R .I ... .40
Ind. . .10 S.C. . .37
Iow a .22 Tenn. 10
Kans. .19 T ex. - 3
K y ... .13 Ltah. .29
La. . . .35 V t. .. 23
M e ... 17 V a ... 20
-25
M d ... .33
Mass. .40 W .V a 15
Midi. . 4 W is.. . 9
Minn. .27 Wyo. .34
Miss. .26

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
6
5
4
3
2
1

Head

SC A LE:

D .C . ..
D a k. ..
.2
Ida. ..
.3
A riz. .
.6
1.0
Fla. ..
1.2
N e v ...
Mont. .
1.2
Wyo. .
1.4
N ebr..
2.6
U tah..
2.8
L a .. . .
2.9
Minn..
3.3
S.C. ..
3.9
Wash.4.3
A r k ...
4.0
K ans..
6.1
6.2
Miss. .
A l a ...
6.7
7.2
Colo. .
Io w a .
8.2
M ass..
8.4
G a___
8.9
T e x ...
9.1
N .C .-.
9.5
Del. .. 11.2
O reg.. 11.4
Conn.. 12.2
V a. . . 12.3
N.J. ..
K .I ....
Tenn..
N. Mex
M d ....
111....
M e ....
M o ...
N .IL .
Wis. .
K y .-.Cal. .
W .V a .
I n d ...
N .Y ...
M ich..
P a . . ..
V t.. ..
O h io.. 120.2

ICEY
U n d er 2 H ead p e r Sq. 3 llle.
2 a n d u n d er 5 p e r Sq. 3 Iile .
»»

t2
ifr
0
■
■

4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

44 I

5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

CO PYRIGH T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

10 ,,

3

„

20 »

i

„

30 „

F o r price-chart o f W o o l, see Plate 124.

„.

»

LIVE

STOCK

_ _ S DR O D U C T S
A U UP

P late

114

STOCK ON FARMS, NOT INCLUDING RANCH STOCK, 1880.
(Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.)
For scale, see lo o t o f chart.

For scale, see fo o t o f chart.

S w ine................... 1,252,162
751,190
C a ttle..................
347,538
A l a ___ Sheep ..................
121,081
Mules and asses.
113,950
H o rs e s ............
Sheep .
C a ttle.
A r iz . . . Horses
Swine
Mules and asses.

S w in e ........... ....... 4,553,123
C a ttle .................. 2,080,932
M o........ S h e e p __
1,411,298
Horses
667,776
Mules and asses.
192,027

76,524
44,983
6,798
3,819
891

S h e e p ........... .......
C a ttle ........... .......
M ont . . H o rs e s .................
S w ine...................
Mules and asses.

184,277
172,387
35,114
10,278
858

Swine................... 1,565,098
708,243
C a ttle..................
246,757
A r k — S h e e p ......... ........
146,333
H o r s e s ................
87,082
Mules and asses.

S w in e .................. 1,241,724
C a ttle ..................
758,550
N ebr . . H o r s e s .................
204,864
Sheep ...................
199,453
Mules and asses.
19,999

Sheep .................. 4,152,349
664,307
Cattle —...............
603,550
Ca l ----- S w in e ..................
237,710
H o rs e s .................
28,343 |
Mules and asses.

N ev—

C a ttle __________
Sheep ..................
H o rs e s .................
S w in e ..................
Mules and asses.

172,221
133,695
32,087
9,080
1,258

Sheep .
C attle.
Colo. . . Horses
S w in e ..................
Mules and asses.

C a ttle ...................
Sheep . . . . . . . . . . .
N . H . - S w in e .... ..............
H o rs e s .................
Mules and asses.

232,405
211,825
53,437
46,773
87

C a ttle..................
S w in e ..................
Conn. . Sheep ..................
H o rs e s .................
Mules and asses.

C a ttle ..................
S w in e ..................
N. J..__ Sheep ..................
H o rs e s .................
Mules and asses.

223,886
219,069
117,020
86,940
9,267

C a ttle........... ......
S w in e ..................
H o rs e s ................
Sheep ..................
Mules and asses.

Sheep ___
2,088,831
C a ttle ..................
166,701
N .M e x . H o rs e s .................
14,547
Mules and asses.
9,063
S w in e ...................
7,857

C a ttle..................
S w in e ..................
Del ___ Sheep ..................
H o rs e s .................
Mules and asses.

Cattle . ................. 2,339,721
Sheep ...........
1,715,180
N .Y .. . S w in e ............... ..
751,907
H o rs e s ___
610,358
5,072
Mules and asses.

D. C..

C a ttle ..................
S w in e .................
H o rs e s .................
Mules and asses.
Sheep

S w in e ................... 1,453.541
C a ttle ................. .
657,426
N. C .. . S h e e p ..................
461,638
H o rs e s .................
133,686
Mules and asses.
81,871

F la . ..

C a ttle ..................
S w in e ........... —
S h e e p ------ -------H ors es ........... .
Mules and asses.

Sheep ................... 4,902,486
S w in e ................... 3,141,333
Ohio . . C a ttle . . . . ----- . . . 1,860,186
H o r s e s .................
736,478
Mules and asses.
19,481

Ga .

S w in e ..................
C a ttle __________
S h e e p ............. .
Mules an d asses.
H o r s e s ................

Sheep .................. 1,083,162
C a ttle___
416,242
Ore g . . S w in e ..................
156,222
H o r s e s ................
124,107
Mules and asses.
2,804

I d a .. .

C a ttle ..................
S h e e p .................
H o r s e s ................
S w in e ..................
Mules and asses.

Sheep ................... 1,776,598
C a ttle ................... 1,730,237
1 IQ17 Q O
U
P a ........ Swine __________ 1,104 ,yoo
H o r s e s .................
533,587
Mules and asses.
22,914

I) a k ..

S w in e ..................
C a ttle ............. .
I ll ------ Sheep ..................
H o rs e s .................
Mules and asses.

C a ttle ...................
Sheep ...................
It. I . . . . S w in e ........... .......
H o rs e s ......... .......
Mules and asses.

35,584
17,211
14,121
9,661
46

I ni)..

S w in e ..................
C a ttle ..................
Sheep ..................
H o rs e s .................
Mules and asses.

S w in e ..................
C a ttle ..................
S.C____ Sheep ..................
Mules and asses.
H o r s e s .................

628,198
363,709
118,889
67,005
60,660

I ow a .

Swine ..................
Cattle ..................
H o rs e s .................
S h e e p ____ _____
Mules and asses.

S w in e ................... 2,160,495
r-Q (V A
O T
LcllUU-------- ------<00,04 4
T enn . . Sheep ..................
672,789
266,119
H o rs e s ...............
Mules and asses.
173,498

K ans.

S w in e ..................
C a ttle ..................
Sheep ..................
H o rs e s .................
Mules and asses.

C a ttlo ................... 4,084,605
Sheep .................. 2,411,633
T e x ___ S w in e ............. .
1,950,371
805,606
H o rs e s .................
Mules and asses.
132,447

K y ..

S w in e ............
S h e e p ------ -------Cattle ..................
H o rs e s ................
Mules and asses.

Sheep ..................
C a ttle ..................
U t a h .. H o rs e s .............
S w in e .............
Mules and asses.

233,121
95,416
38,131
17,198
2,898

La .

S w in e ----C a ttle. . . .
Sheep -----H o rs e s ___
Mules and

S h e e p ..................
C a ttle ...................
V t ........ S w in e __________
H o r s e s .................
Mules and asses.

439,870
403,105
76,384
75,215
283

M e..

Sheep ___
Cattle —
H o rs e s ___
S w in e -----Mules and

956,451
686,184
497,289
218,838
33,598

Md ._

Swine —
C a ttle___
Sheep ___
Horses —
Mules and

S w in e .
C a ttlo ...................
Y a ....... Sheep
H o rs e s .................
Mules and asses.
•
S h e e p ..................
C a ttlo ...................
W a sh .. S w in e ...................
H o rs e s .................
Mules and asses.

C a ttle ___
Swine —
M ass.. . Sheep ___
Horses —
Mules and

Sheep ..................
S w in e ___
W .Y a .. C a ttle ..................
H o rs e s ............. .
Mules and asses.

674,769
510,613
458,444
126,143
6,226

M inn .

3,800,000
3,600,000
u,400,000
3,200,000

3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
2,800,000
600,000

C a ttle ..................
S w in e ..................
Sheep ..................
H o rs e s ................
Mules and asses.

1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000

S w in e ..................
C a ttle ......... ........
M iss.. . Sheep ..................
Mules and asses.
H o rs e s .................

4,000,000
8,800,000
8,600,000
8,400,000

, „ 3 ,m ooo

3,000,000

Sheep ................... 1,330,807
C a ttle ................... 1,129,141
W is . . . . S w in e __________ 1,128,825
H o rs e s .................
352,428
Mules and asses.
7,136

4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Sheep ..................
S w in e ..................
M ich . . . C a ttle..................
Horses ................
Mules and asses.

292,883
134,554
46,828
45,848
626

C a ttle ___
Sheep ..................
W y o . . . H o r s e s ...........
Mules and asses.
S w in e __________

w ar*

278,073
140,225
11,975
671
567

2,800,000
m

2 , 200,000

^ 'm

0 0 0 ,0 0 0
1,800,000
1,600.000
1,400,000
1:200.000

1 ood.odo

800.006

_
600,000 *
400,000
200,000 H ead.

1,200,000

0 0 0 ,0 0 0
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000 Head.

RETROSPECT.
Aggregate Head.
Census
1850
1860
1870
1880

H
ead

• 5,000.000 Head.
10

2 5 ,0 0 0 .0 0 0
15

20

30

45

60

55

1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

75 .0 0 0 ,0 0 0

5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
40

35

05

70

80

85

90

95

105

125,000,000
110

115

120

130

135

140

74,752,390
89,004,483
85,703,913
137,969,581

Aggregate Value.
Census

SC A LE:

Value

1850 $ 544,180,516
1860 1,089,329,915
1870 1,525,276,457
1880 1.500.404.609

:
$50,000,000
100

sc a le

$ 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
150

300

$ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
350

400
l

450
l

550

$7 50 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
600

650

700

800

$ 1 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
,

850

CO PYRIGH T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

900

950

$1 ,250,000,000

$1,500,' 000,000

P late

LITE

115

STOCK

.A
-H T D R O D U C T S
S I P

P late

115

RETRO SPECT.
SC A LE:

5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 0
‘
60

lOPds. 20

Census.

Pound*.

1850
1800
1870
1880

52,510,959
60,264,913
100,102,887
240,681,751

1 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
no
120

70

1 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
160
170

FT.BERTHOl'D
8 M°2 g

2 0 0 , 000,000
2 10

220

12
ILS LAKE

/

31

_ »■

| 3
7
' -1
4

i

3 ]
8
42

f

.-TRAV

rsev

40

•v .
v

12 131 14 I
/

R

C
j

lr ~ "

r

- M

f

-r-H p

16

•
V

1
| 8 i§ 2
6
35

36

20 1aii 22
28.
2 9 / 80 31 1 32
19

—

~8 39
3
50

61

40 I • 41
»*

—
16

11

-31 J

Product per Capita, by States, 1880.
Rank State
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

D .C . ..
Mass..
It. I —
S.C. ..
C onn..
N.J. __
La___
N .C .. .
Ala. ..
iFla. ..
Miss. .
Del. ..
A r k ...
G a ....
M d ....
D a k...
V a ....
T enn..
Minn..
N .Y ...
Io w a P a .. . .
m ____
K y ... .
N ebr..
K ans..
N .II...
Ind. ..
M o ....
Ida. . .
M e ....
VV.Ya.
T e x .. .
VVis...
TJtah..
M ich ..
v t . . ..
A riz. .
O h io..
N e v ...
Colo. .
Wash.C a l.. .
Mont. .
O r e g ..
Wyo. .
N.M ex

sc a le

Pounds

47

:

1 P ou n d .

69

.17
.24
.37
.37
.39
.43
.58
.60
.60
.65
.67
.69
.84 ■ ■ ■
.91
1.16
1.21
1.24
1.73
1.74
1.84
1.98
1.98
2.79
2.84
3.87
3.09
3.12
3.37
3.90
4.28
4.34
4.35
5.33
6.76
7.24
7.68
7.76
7.82
10.52
16.45
18.49
19.43
25.42
32.72
&3.27
34.45

—^ ^ IN D E X
Ala. .39 Mo. .19
A riz. .10 Mont. . 4
Ark. .35 [Nebr. .23
C a l.. . 5 N ev.. . 8
Colo. . 7 N.H.. .21
Conn -43 N.J. . .42
Dak.. .32 N.M ex 1
Del. .36 N .Y .. .31
D .C .. .47 N .C .. .40
Fla. . .38 Ohio. 9
G a ... .34 Oreg. . :i
Ida. .18 Pa.. . .26
111... .25 I U ... .45
Ind. .20 S.C. . .41
Iow a .27 Tenn. •30
Kans .22 T e x .. 15
K y— .24 Utah. .13
.11
L a.. .41 vt..
M e ... .17 V a ... .31
Md. . .33 Wash - 6
Mass. .46 W. Va .16
Mich. .12 Wis. . .14
Minn. .29 Wyo. . . 2
Miss. .37

>

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
8
2
1

D . C . . . I __________

R .I—
Del. ..
I d a . ..
D a k . ..
Fla. ..
Conn.S .C .. .
M ass..
A riz. .
La. . . .
N .J ...
A r k ...
N e v ...
W yo. .

Miss. .
Ala. . .
M d .. .
N .C ...
T J ta h ..
M o n t ..

N .II...
N ebr..
G a .. ..
Minn..
W a s h .-

V a___
Tenn.Vt. . . .
W .V a.
M e ,...
K ans..
Io w a ..
Colo. .
N.M ex
K y ....
O r e g ..
i n . . ..
Ind. ..
T e x ...
[W is...
M o ....
Pa. . . .
N .Y ...
M ich..
C a l.. .
O h io..

65,680
97,946
127,149
157,025
162,810
230,133
272,758
299,089
313,098
406,G78
441,110
557,368
655,012
691,650
734,643
762,207
850,084
917,756
973,246
995,484
1,060,589
1,282,656
1,289,560
1,352,124
1,389,123
1,836,673
1,918,295
2,551,113
2,681,444
2,776,407
2,855,832
2,971,975
3,197,391
4,019,188
4,592,576
5,718,524
6,093,066
6,167,498
6,928,019
7,016,491
7,313,924
8,470,273
8,827,195
11,858,497
10,798,036
25,003,756

95 |

-------- ________

IN D E X .

Total Product, by States, 1880.
f

81 '

3

Rank State

Pound*

80..

k

r - v .v

Product per Square Mile, by States, 1880.

Rank State

17

SCALE*.
1,000,000 Pounds.

000,000

000,000

Ala. . .31 Mo. . 6
A riz. .38 Mont. .27
A rk .. .35 Nebr. .25
C a l.. o N ev.. . 3 4
Colo. .14 N.H .. -26
Conn -41 N.J. . . 3 6
Dak. . .43 N .M exn
Del. . .45 N .Y .. 4
D .C .. .47 N .C .. .29
Fla. . .42 (Ohio. 1
G a ... .24 Oreg. .11
Ida. . .44 P a ... . 5
h i . . . .10 IL L . -40
Ind. . . 9 S.C. . -40
Iowa. -15 Tenn -20
Kans. .16 T e x .. H
K y ... .12 Utah. -28
L a.. . .37 v t . . . .19
M e... -17 Va. .21
M d .. .30 Wash -22
Mass. 39 W .V a .18
Mich. 3 Wis, - 7
Minn. -23 Wyo. . 3 3
Miss. .32

000,000

0 00 ,0 00
6 ,000,000

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
i

Pounds

D .C ...
D ak. ..
1.1
Ida. ..
1.5
A riz. .
2.8
Fla. ..
3.0
N e v ...
6.0
Mont. .
6.9
Wyo. .
7.1
La. . . .
9.0
S.C. ..
9.0
A r k ...
10.5
U tah..
11.8
Ala. ..
14.8
Miss. .
15.9
N ebr..
16.8
M inn..
17.1
N.C. ..
18.9
Wash.20.8
G a___
21.9
T e x ...
26.4
Colo. .
30.8
N .M ex
32.8
Kans..
35.0
M ass..
37.2
|Va.. . .
45.8
T en n .. 45.9
C onn..
47.5
Del. ..
50.0
ilow a ..
53.6
N.J. ..
59.2
O r e g ..
60.5
R .I .-..
60.5
M d ....
8G.2
M e ....
92.9
M o .... 106.4
C a l.. . 107.7
W .V a. 108.8
Ill....... 108.8
K y ... . 114.8
N .H ... 117.8
W is ... 128.9
Ind. .. 171.7
N .Y ... 185.4
P a .. . . 188.3
M ieh .. 206.5
Vt. . . . 279.3
O h io.. 613.4

SCALE:
25 Pounds.
IN D E X ,
50

BBC
■BBSS!

75

100

Ala. . .35 M o ... .13
A riz. .44 Mont. .41
A rk.. -37 Nebr. .33
C a l.. .12 Nev.. .42
Colo. .27 N.H.. 8
Conn. .21 N .J .. .18
Dak.. .46 N.M ex 2 o
<
Del. . .20 N .Y .. 5
D.C. 47 N .C .. .31
Fla. . .43 .Ohio. . 1
G a ... -89 ,Oreg. .17
Ida. . .45 P a ... . 4
in .... 10 R .I... .16
Ind. . 6 S.C. . .38
Iowa .19 Tenn. .22
Kans. .25 T e x . . .28
K y ... 9 XJtah. .36
L a ... .39 V t ... 2
M e... .14 V a ... 23
M d .. .15 Wash -30
Mass. .24 W .Va .11
Mich. 3 W is .. . 7
Minn. 32 Wyo. .40
Miss. .34

(

150

15 ,000 .000

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHA R LES S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

2 0 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0

2 5 .0 0 0 ,0 0 0

P late

116

LITE

stock

NT)

:

PRODUCTS

PRODUCT PER SQUARE MILE,

(Bast'd o n t h e R etu rn s o f t h e T en th Census.)

>rtla n d

Chicago*

Total Product, by States,
1880 .
Rank State
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Gallons

N .M ex
10,036
Ida. ..
15,627
40,967
Fla. -Mont. .
41,165
A riz. .
42,618
Wyo. . .
75,343
N e v ...
149,889
Utah. .
155,263
Wash.226,703
227,540
O r e g ..
La. . . .
256,841
S.C. . .
257,186
267,387
Ala. ..
A r k .. .
316,858
Ga.. ..
374,045
Dak. . .
415,119
Miss. .
427,492
N .C .. .
446,798
0 .(7 ...
496,789
Colo. .
606,706
N ebr..
625,783
W. Va.
750,279
Tenn..
1,006,795
Del. ..
1,132,434
V a ....
1,224,469
T e x .. .
1,296,806
K ans..
1,360,235
Minn..
1,504,407
K y ....
2,513,209
M o ....
3,173,017
M e ....
3,720,783
R .I—
3,831,706
Md. ..
4,722,944
N .II...
5,739,128
V t____
6,526,550
Ind. ..
6,723,840
M ich..
7,898,273
Conn.- 12,289,893
C a l.... 12,353,178
N.J. .. 15,472,783
Iow a.- 15,965,612
W is ... 25,156,977
Mass.. 29,662,953
P a .. .. 36,540,540
Ill....... 45,419,719
O h io.. 46,801,537
N .Y ... 231.965,533

a u im

KEY

N .M E X ,

N o p r o d u c t r e p o r t e d ____ ___
U n der 5 G allons p e r Sq. Mile

SCALE:
,

6, a n d u n d er 10, p e r Sq. Mile

2,000,000 Gallons

4,000,000

INDEX
6 , 000,000

8 000,000
10, 000,000

Ala. .
A rk ..
A riz. .
C a l..
Colo.
Conn.
Dak..
Del. .
D .G ..
Fla. .
G a ...,
Ida. .
111...
Ind. .
Iow a
Kans.

35 K y_ 19)N.C. ..30
_
34 La___371 h io.. 2
O
43 M e .... 17 Oreer. .38
9 M d .. .15 Fa----- 4
28 M ass.. 5 R .
10 Mich. .11 S. C. ..36
32 M inn.-20 Tenn..25
24 Miss. .31 Tex. -.22
29 M o .. .18 Utah. .40
45 Mont. .44 V t ... .13
33 Nebr. .27 Va----- 23
46 N ev...41 Wash.-39
3 N.H—.14 W .V a. 26
12IN.J. . . 8 Wis.
6
7\N.Mex47 Wyo.. .42
2llN .Y._. 1

lalveston

g

Product per Square Mile, by States, 1880.

I . . .16

U n settled parts
Gallon* Rank

N.Mex.

G a ....
N eb r.
S .C . N .O ..
M iss..
K an s.
M inn.
T en n .
W .V a
V a ....
M o ...
K y ....
C a l- .
M o ...
M ich .
I n d ...

I d a . .. .
M ont . .

A riz. .

F la -----42

Wyo.

Nev.. .
Utah..
Oreg. D a k ...
Wash.C o l o .. .

Tex—
Ala. . .
L a ........

Ark—
..

5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Gallons

6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Gallons

6.4
8.2
8.5
9.2
9.2
16.6
19.0
24.1
30.4
30.5
46.2
62.8
79.1
124.5
137.5
187.3

Io w a .
W is. .

287.8
462.0
479.0
677.8
637.3
714.5
811.1
812.3
1.148.2
2.075.5
2.636.6
3,531.5
3,689.4
4.871.2
8,279.8

Md. ..
D el...
N .H ..
V t ....
111. . . .
P a .. . .
O h io .

N.J—

C onn.
R .I ._ .
M ass.

N .Y ..
D .C ..

7 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 0

8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

9 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 0

100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

RETROSPECT (Farm Product).
Pounds
313,345,306
459,681,372

100,000,000 p ou n d s. 8

500,000,000

BUTTER

614,092,683

777,250,287

FARM PRODUCT PER SQUARE MILE,
(B ased on th e R etu rn s o f th e T en th Census.)

f

i^tland

luffalo
Milwaukee*
Racine

!&na w

p 148

5
C

Dubuque
IO W A

DesMoines

oyio
!
'
Im dianapoM j

coW "*"s

i

J
A
\Kl

LouiW^e

Total Product, by States,
1880 .
Rank State
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

P C ...
N. Mex
A riz. .
Wyo. .
Ida. ..
N e v ...
Fla. ..
Mont. .
Colo. .
L a .. . .
R .I___
U ta h ..
W a s h .-

Del. ..
Dak. __
O reg..
S.C. ..
N .C ...
N .H ...
G a - ..
Miss. .
M d ....
A r k ...
Ala. ..
Conn.W .V a.
N.J. ..
Mass..
N ebr..
V a ....
T e x ...
Cal. . .
M e ....
Tenn.K y .~ .
Minn..
Kans..
V t ....
M o ....
W is ...
Ind. ..
M ich..
HI.......
Iow a .
O h io..
P a .. . .
N .Y ...

Pounds
20,920
44,827
61,817
105,643
310,644
335,188
353,156
403,738
860,379
916,089
1,007,103
1,052,903
1,356,103
1,876,275
2,000,955
2,443,725
3,196,851
7,212,507
7,247,272
7,424,485
7,454,657
7,485,871
7,790.013
7,997,719
8,198,995
9,309.517
9,513,835
9,655,587
9,725,198
11,470,923
13,889,320
14,084,405
14,103,966
17,886,369
18,211,904
19,161,385
21,671,762
25,240,826
28,572,124
33,353,045
37,377,797
38,821,890
53,657,943
55,481,958
67,634,263
79,336,012
111.922,423

Santa Ft

KEY
N o p r o d u c t r e p o r t e d -------------U n d e r 10 P ou n d s p e r Sq. M ile.
10, a n d u n d er 100, p e r Sq. Mile..

100 ..
200

15,000,000

200

•
*

1,500 *
•

..
1,000..

600

' INDEX.
Ala. . 24; Ky.. .13 N .C ...3 0
A riz. . 45 La. .88,O h io.. 3
Me___ 15 Oreg. .32
A rk ...
M d— 26 Pa. . . . 2
Cal. ..
Colo. . Mass. .20 R .
Mich.. 6 S. C. -.31
C onn..
D a k...
Minn.. 12 T enn .. 14
Miss. .27 T ex. ..17
Del. ..
M o .... 9 U tah.. 36
D .O . ..
Mont. .40 Vt. --.1 0
Fla. ..
N ebr.. 19 Va. ...1 8
G a ... .
N e v ... 42 Wash.-35
Ida. ..
N.II. ..29 W. Va.22
Ill.......
Ind. ..
N.J. ..21 W is ... 8
I o w a . N.M ex 46 Wyo. .44
Kans.. 11 N .Y ... 1

..

ialveston

1,000.*

1,500,a n d o v e r,

Product per Square Mile, by States, 1300.

I ....3 7
Hank

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32

6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

CO PYRIGH T, 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

State

Pounds

N.Mex.
.4
A riz. .
.5
1.1
Wyo. .
Mont. .
2.8
3.1
Nev—
Id a ....
37
Fla----6.5
C olo...
8.3
Lta h..
12.8
D ak...
13.5
La....... 20.2
Wash.- 20.3
Oreg. . 25.8
Tex—
53.0
Cal- ..
90.3
S.C. . . 106.0

Hank

State

31 Ga......
30 Nebr. .
29 Ark---28 N .C.. .
27 Ala. . .
26 Miss—.
25 Minn. .
24 Kans. .
23 Va......
22 D .C ...
21 W.Va.20 Mo___
19 T enn..
18 Ky......
17 M "... .
16 1
Wis. ..

Pounds

R k
an

125.9
127.6
146.9
148.5
155.2
160.9
241.9
265.3
285.9
348.7
377.7
415.7
428.4
455.3
471.8
622.5

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7

State

Pounds

U n settled p a r t s _____

Mich. . 670.0
Md. .. .
759.2
N.H. . . 804.3
R .I----- 928.2
D el.... 957.3
Ill........ 958.2
Iowa .. 1,000.1
In d ,... 1,040.9

6
5
4
3

N .J ...,
Ohio ..
Conn. .
Pa.......
2 N.Y. ..
i Vt.......

8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

„

1,200.9
1,276.2
1,659.3
1,692.3
1,763.6
2,350.3
2,763.1

100 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0

LITE

PRODUCTS

P late

117

Pounds

Rank State
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
84
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
10
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
i

STOCK!

None.
1,712
2,406
2,930
4,239
7,018
10,501
10,867 i
14,091
36,018
17,416
17,420
18,360
19,151
20,295
26,301
39,437
55,570
57,380
58,466
58,468
66,518
67,171
85,535
98,740
100.300
109.200
126,727
153,198
230,819

D .C ...
Del. ..
Fla. ..
Wijo. .
Miss. .
La. . . .
N .M ex
Colo. .
Ala. ..
S.C. ..
N e v ...
A riz. .
G a .. . .
Ida. ..
A r k ...
D a k ...
Mont. .
N.C. ..
T e x ...
K y .- ..
N.J. ..
R .I—
V a .-Tenn..
W . Va.
Wash.U tah..
Oreg.
N ebr..
M o ....
Inch ..
M ich ..
Kans..
Minn..
N .IL -.
C onn..
Mass..
Pa. . . .
n i.......
Iow a .
M e ....
v t . ...
O h io..
W is ...
Cal. ..
N .Y ...

807,076
826,195

1,545,789
2,170,245
2,281,411
2,566,618
8,362,590

1880.

PR IC E-CH A RT OF C H E A PE ST GRADE C H E E SE FOR 56 YEARS.

1825.

PR O D U CT S C O M PA R ED , 1880.

1864* 2 7 c.

Cheese.
sc a le

Product

Pounds

:

100,000,000 Pounds.

F a r m ... 27,272,489
F actory 215,885,361
T o t a l ... 243,157,850

200 , 000,000

300,000,000
400,000,000
5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
600,000,000
700,000,000
800,000,000

Butter.
Product

Pounds

F a r m ... 777,250,287
29,421,784
Factory
T o t a l ... 806,672,071

I■ ■ ■ 1

Values of Annual Export of Butter and Cheese, 1821 to 1880.
(Based on the R ep ort o f the Secretary o f the Treasury.)
Cheese

Butter
—

Values n ot given;
1822separately in t h e ,
1823 original r e c o r d s
1824 previous to 1855.

1825
1826,
1827,
1828,
1829,
1830
1831,
1832,
1833,
1834,
1835,
18361
1837.
1838
1839,
1840
1841
1842,
1843|
1844i
1845,
1846
18471
1848,
1849,
1850
18511
1852
1853
1854
is:,:,

1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880

....................1-

418,723
580,286
593,084
541,863
750,911
1,144,321
2,355,985
4,164,344
6,733,743
6,140,031
7,292,715
1,267,851
1,184,367
582,745
484,094
592.229
853,096
1,498,812
952,919
1,092,381
1,506,996
1,109,496
4,424,616
3,931,822
5,421,205
6,690,687

5 514,034
887,705
647,423
731,910
649,302
1.565.630
3.321.631
2,715,892
4,216,804
5,638,007
11,697,746
6,036,—
7,893,535
7,010,424
6,437,866
8,881,934
8,752.990
7,752,918
10,498,010
11,898,995
13,659,603
12,270,083
12,700,627
14,103,529
12.579.968
12,171,720

Total

SCALE OF CH AR T.—Each space betw een the price lines represents one cent.

SCALEi
am m m

221,041
192,778
204.205
247,787
1
..............
207,765
184,049
176,354
176.205
142,370
364,796
290,820
258,452
190,099
164,809
114,033
96,176
148,191
127,550
210,749
504,815
388,185
808,968
758,829
878,865
1,063,087
1,741,700
1,361,368
1,654,157
I,
1,124,652
779,391
862,343
1,258,393
932,757
1,467,991
1,240,507
1,273,773
1,400,213
2,709,951
5,677,616
6.880,236
10,950.547
11,778,038
18,990,461
7,304,679
9,077,902
7,593,169
6,921,960
9,474,163
9,606,086
9,251,730
II, 450,929
12,991,376
15,166,599
13,379,579
17,125,243
18,035,351
18,001,173
18,862,407

$

2 ,000,000
$4,000,000

Table of Lowest and Highest Prices of the Cheapest Grade of
Butter, per Pound, in New York.
(From “ The American Almanac and Treasury of Facts,” 1881.)

Table of Lowest and Highest Prices of the Cheapest Grade of
Cheese, per Pound, in New York.
(From “ The American Almanac and Treasury of Facts,” 1881.)

$6,000,000
$ 8,000,000

$ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

H.

Year

10c.
12
10
7
8
8
8
7
9
9
9
12
12
10

1839
1810
1811
IS 12
Hi:;
1811
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1850
1851
1852

Year L.

$ 12,000,000

$14,000,000
$16,000,000
$18,000,000
$ 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1.830
1531
1832
ia33
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838

5c.
6
6
4
4
5
5
5
6
5
6
7
6

8c.
5
3
5
4
3
6
6
6
5
5
4
4
6

H.

Year) L.

H.

Year L.

H.

Year L.

H.

Year L.

H.

Year L.

H.

Year

12c.
9
7
9
G
7
8
8
8
8
7
8
8
9

1853 8c.
1854 6
1855 0
1856 6
1857 5
1858 3
1859 o
1SC0 9
1861 2
<1862 4
1863 8
1864 12
1865 10
1866 5

10c.
12
12
11
14
10
11
12
10
13
16
27
16
23

1867 7c.
1868 7
1869 11
1870 5
1871 5
1872 10
1873 8
1874 12
1875 9
1876 8
1877 8
1878 3
187!) 5
1830 6

20c.
19
23
18
16
19
16
17
16
13
16
14
13
14}

1825 8c.
18.26 13
1827 12
1328 13
1829 12
ISliO 12
1811 12
1832 12
1833 14
1834 12
1835 13
IS: 1110
1
1837 12
1838 17

22c.
18
22
18
16
16
18
18
20
17
22
26
24
27

1839 12c.
1310 12
1841 8
1812 9
1843 6
1814 8
1845 9
1846 10
1847 13
1818 13
1819 10
1850; 12
1851110
1852115

25c.
21
15
15
11
14
17
17
22
20
18
18
18
29

1853 13c.
1854 15
1855 17
1856 13
ia57 16
1858 13
1859,14
1800 10
1861 8
1862 10
1863114
1864 21
1865‘20
1866,25

24c.
24
28
28
28
25
27
21
22
26
30
48
38
60

1867
1808
1869
1S70
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1870
1877
1878
1879
18S0

L.

1866- * ^ ? ° » 6 0 c.

H.

15c. 48c.
28 00
16 55
18 46
12 42
20 39
18 50
18 39
17 28
15 33
13 24
6 20
9t 24
14 30

1873, 5 0 c .

PR IC E-CH A RT OF CH E A PE ST GRADE BU TTER FOP

4

!

1825.

I

Lowest and Highest Prices, per Pound, in New York, j
215,463

I

'

i
I

i

I
!

!

1 1 1 ! i 1 I 1
’$4 ’65 ’ 6 ’d7 ’68 ’fl(l®»)ll
*25’26 ’27 ’28 '9( S30V1 ’32 ’33 ’34 ’35 ’36 ’37 ’38 ’9( m n ’42 ’43 ’44 ’45 ’46 ’47 '48 ’9(1850)’ ! ’52 ’53 ’54 ’55 ’56 ’57 ’58 ’9( ISC» ’ l ’62
30c.
1
. 1
i
1 1
|
1
1
1
\
_L
r
1 '
i
1 L 4
I
1
n
1
1
I
v A
4
_L
1
i
1
’i
1
T
T
t 1\
1
i
i
fl
1
Highest,
1
1
|
'l l
-i—
1
« ■
i
Price
IX L
~r~ 1
1
K
| •
i
7
1 »' 1
T i
1
T"
| 1
J 1 .
\
JT X
....
i
i
1 t
*
• I 1
1
i
i
•i
j
i y
■
V »
'i ■
1 1 1
. %
1
i
N
i
i
7
7
.
1 1
T
i L 7
i
| T" i t
.
* i
X ij
1 i
1 •
i
l
|
l
l
1 |
.
1

1

1

T

1

.
Lowest
P rice ®
6c

h
f

i

L
1

1
T

i

17

L ...
i

!

7
T
7
I

/
*
i i
l T

<

i

f
r

i
TX
«
|

\

1
i7
i.
i/

r\

1

1
|
1
tl

17
w
j.

;

•

I

I

!

(Based on the accom panying table o f prices.)

t

1880.

I M rs; J i !
y
i

!

i it
’73 ’74
1
'
1
i
J_
pi—

1

A_______

'W ’77 ’78 ’9(
_m |

Highest
. Price
3 0 c.

1

|

1~

i

i
1 1
1

1
T | 1
i
!
...
A h i 1 A
L S'
r

i

1
1

i
i
1 1 i

.

l 1 _L
1 1 _L
1 1 |
1 i
*

20c.

•Lowest
Price
IOC.

|1
ll

8c.

6c.
1
• 5’20 ’27(28 ’9(18311ri ’32’33’34’35’36’37(38 ’9( IS40)’ l 42 ’43’44’45’4G’47 ’48’9( 85«)’i ’52’53’54 ’55’56’57 ’58 ’9( 860V1’62’63’6 |
2
4 ’65’66’67’68 ’9( 870)’ ! ’72’73’74'75’76’77’78’9('89
SCALE OF CHART .— a ch space b e tw e e n the price lin es represents one cent.
E

COP-YRIGHT, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS.

XII—M a n u fa c tu r e s
I N D E X TO P L A T E S .

PRODUCT OF ALL MANUFACTU RES.... Plate 118 SLAUGHTERING AND MEAT-PACKING... Plate 127
Per Capita, by Counties; by States.
Specific Industries. Retrospect, I8 6 0 —18 80.
Total Product, by States.

FLOURING AND GRIST-MILLS.................Plate 119
Product, Per Capita. Total Product.
Export of W heat Flour.
Western Flour; Prices, 1 8 2 6 —1880.

IRON AND STEEL......................................... Plate 120
Product, Per Capita. Total Product.
Export, 1 8 6 0 —1880. Import, 1 8 4 0 —1880.
Prices, 1 8 2 6 —1880.

ROLLING-MILLS. BLAST FU RNACES.... Plate 121
Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total.

STEEL-WORKS. BLOOMARIES. FORGES, Plate 122
Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total.

SPECIFIC COTTON GOODS...................... Plate 123

Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total.

FACTORY-MADE BOOTS AND SHOES.... Plate 127
Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total.

LEATHER, TANNED AND CURRIED..... ..Plate 128
Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total.

LUMBER, SAWED. AGRICULTURAL IM­
PLEMENTS ............................................... Plate 129
Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total.

SHIPBUILDING.................................................Plate 130
Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total.

CHEMICALS............................
Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total.

PAPER. BRICK AND T ILE .......................... Plate 131
Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total.

»

Product, Per Capita. Total Product.
Annual Crop, 1 8 2 9 —1880. State Crop, 1880.
Upland Cotton; Prices, 1 8 2 6 —1880.

WOOLEN GOODS.......................................... Plate 124
Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total.
Import and Export, 1 8 4 0 —1880.
Cheapest Grade W o o l; Prices, 1 8 2 5 —1880.

MIXED TEXTILES. WORSTED GOODS.. Plate 125

Plate 130

FACTORY-CHEESE AND BUTTER...............Plate 132
Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total.

GLASS..................................................................Plate 132
Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total.

SELECTED INDUSTRIES, BY STATES, Plates 133-134
State Products of $ 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 or Over.
Retrospect, by States, 18 5 0 —18 80.

Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total.

SILK AND SILK GOODS..............................Plate 125 • INDUSTRIES IN TWENTY CITIES. .. Plates 135-136
City Products of $ 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 or Over.
Product, Per Capita. Total Product.

Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total.

DYEING AND FINISHING............................Plate 126
Product, Per Capita.

Total Product.

POWER, TOTAL; STEAM; WATER... Plates 137-138
Ratio, To Population; To Total Power.
Increase of Power and of Population, 1 8 7 0 —1880.
Power Employed in Special Industries, 18 80.

HOSIERY AND KNIT GOODS. CARPETS, Plate 126
Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total.

In G eneral. — The

great group of manu­

253,852, and of hands employed, 2,732,595;

W ith the increasing density of settlement

facturing industries, second in magnitude only

the value of materials used was $3,396,823,549,

of the country, the importance of this industry

to agriculture in the United States, employed

and the value of products, $5,369,579,191.

The

relative to agriculture has rapidly increased.

during the census year a capital of $2,790,-

total amount paid in wages was $947,953,795,

In 1850 the capital invested in manufactures

272,606*

an average of $346 per hand employed.

was but 8 per cent, of that in agriculture.

The census statistics relate only to those manufac­
turing establishments whose production during the census year
amounted to $500 or more, and are exclusive, also, of the fol­
lowing industries: Fisheries, quartz-milling, petroleum-refining,
gas factories and manufacturing by steam railroad companies.
*N

o t e .—

The number of establishments was

The

In

manu­

i860 it was 13 per cent.; in 1870 it reached

factured goods over that of all the materials

19 per cent., and in 1880 it had become 23 per

used was $1,972,755,642, an average of $720

cent., or nearly one-fourth that of agriculture.

per hand.

In 1870 the value of the products of manu­

total increase in the value

of

the

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS,

XC1V

Taking the figures of the census of 1870 as

The increase between 1870 and 1880 of

products,

the basis of comparison, it would appear, from

33.3 per cent, in the total number of hands

while in 1880 the proportion had risen to 89

the first column of the preceding table, that the

employed, taken in connection with the increase

per cent.

amount of capital and value of materials and

of 64.6 in the total amount of capital invested,

The following tables group the principal

of products, increased in a ratio varying only

and of 58.6 in the value of products, shows,

statistics of manufactures for the four census

slightly from the increase of population (30.08

moreover, that the tendency during the decade

years mentioned:

per cent.).

was toward an economy of labor by the em­

factures, less that of raw material, was 71 per
cent, of the value of agricultural

E

tion of values by reducing the figures of 1870

­

C

.

CENSUS.
Number.

a p it a l

extent to which such economy increased is

shown in the fourth column of the same table,

measured by the value, per hand, of the im­

is found to be more than double that of popu­

provements effected on the materials employed.

of

labor-saving machinery.

The

.

Average per *
Establish­
ment.

Per Capita
of
Population.

Amount.

ployment

to a gold basis, the actual rate of increase, as

s t a b l is h
m e n ts

After making the proper equaliza­

1880........

253,852

$2,790,272,606

$55-63

$10,992

lation in the case of both capital and materials,

In 1870 the excess, per hand, in the value of

1870........

252,148

2,118,208,769

and in the value of products nearly double that

the products over the value of the materials

i860........

140,433

1850........

123,025

1009,855.715
,
533, 245,351

54-94
33-12
22.99

8,400

of population.

used, was

7,191
4,334

A still greater increase in these

$679 (gold).

In 1880 this had

ratios might justly be made, inasmuch as the
H

a n d s

CENSUS.

.

W

purchasing power of gold was considerably

.

of each hand having increased $41, or about

greater in 1880 than in 1870, when the prices

6 per cent.

of all commodities were inflated, but the exact

1880 by 2,732,595 hands, would have required,

amount of this it is very difficult to fix.

a g e s

increased to $720, the annual value of the work

in 1870, 2,913,720 hands.

The amount of work done in

Average per
Establish­
ment.

Amount.

Average
per
Hand.

2 732,595
,

10.8

$947 953,795
,

$346

2,053,996

8.1

775,584,343

378

I,31 1,246

9
-3

378,878,966

289

this table further shows that the rate of increase

G e o g r a p h ic a l

236, 755,464

247

from 1850 to i860 was notably greater than

Manufactures are distributed very unequally

in either of the following decades in all the

throughout the country.

principal items affecting value of manufactures

shows the percentage of the total population

(except only the cost of materials in 1870).

and of the total manufacturing capital of the

0

00

M

1880........

i860........

957,059

0

10
M

00

*00

Number.

M

a t e r ia l s

.

P

r o d u c t s

Excess over
Value of
Materials.

E xce ss
per hand
over
M a­
t e r ia ls ,

$ 5 ,3 6 9 ,5 7 9 ,1 9 1

$ 1, 9 7 2 , 755,642

d
00
M

CENSUS.

.

2 ,4 8 8 ,4 2 7 ,2 4 2

4 ,2 3 2 ,3 2 5 ,4 4 2

i 8 6 0 ..........

T, ° 3 i , 6 0 5 ,0 9 2
5 5 5 ,1 2 3 ,8 2 2

Value.

Value.

1 8 8 0 .......... $ 3 ,3 9 6 ,8 2 3 ,5 4 9

A comparison of the last three columns of

D is tr ib u t io n .—
The following table

O
IO
M

CO

The following table shows the percentage

country found in the several sections, with the

$720

of increase in the number of manufacturing

percentage which the capital invested in manu­

1, 743, 8 9 8,20 0

849

establishments and in the number of hands

factures forms of the value of farms in each

1 ,8 8 5 ,8 6 1 ,6 7 6

8 5 4 ,2 5 6 ,5 8 4

651

employed, for each decade since 1850:

section:

1 ,0 1 9 ,1 0 6 ,6 1 6

4 6 3 ,9 8 2 ,7 9 4

485
P

During the decade from 1870 to 1880, the
number of manufacturing establishments in­

e r c e n t a g e

I

o f

n c r e a se

.

P

SECTION.

DECADE.
N
E

u m ber

N

o f

s t a b l is h m e n t s

.

H

u m ber

a n d s

E

T

M

o t a l

o p u l a t io n

T

M

o t a l

a n u f a c t u r

.

­

a p it a l

V
.

a t io

o f

a n u f a c t u r

in g

in g

C

.

R

e r c e n t a g e
o f

e r c e n t a g e
o f

P

o f

m p l o y e d

P

C

a p it a l

a l u e

F

­

t o

o f

a r m s

.

creased only 00.7, while the increase in the
ON

61.3

15.2

6.1

18.9

Northern C entral....

34-6

25-7

13-9

Southern Central----

0
0
U
M

3-7

10.6

Western......................

3-5

2.9

20.9

1870 to 1880........................

00.7

33-3

North Atlantic..........

0
0
W

61.6

number of hands was 33.3 per cent., slightly
exceeding the rate of increase of population.

i860 to 1870........................

79-5

56.6

South Atlantic..........

1850 to i860........................

14.1

37-o

This indicates an enlarging of previously exist­
ing establishments, and a reduction of their

The most striking" feature of the above table

number by combinations and otherwise, to

is the very slight increase in the number of

an extent which nearly counterbalanced the

establishments

1880, in

In the states and territories north of Mason

very considerable additions of new establish­

marked contrast with the prodigious increase,

and Dixon’s line, the Ohio river and the south

ments.

amounting to 79.5 per cent., in the preceding

boundary of Missouri— comprising less than

decade.

In comparing the statistics of the last three

between

1870 and
/

The explanation is found in the fact

one-third of the area and about two-thirds of

censuses all the figures of values for 1870

that the period between the close of the Civil

the population of the United States— is con­

should be reduced by about 20 per cent., to

W ar and the financial panic of 1873, was one

centrated not less than 87.3 per cent, of the

bring them to a gold basis.

The following

of the utmost activity in manufactures, and the

manufacturing capital of the country.

the rate of increase in the

multiplication of establishments, especially of

table presents

The North Atlantic section is far in the lead

several items relating to values, first in accord­

small ones, was unprecedented.

ance with the census figures for 1870, or on

of 1870 was taken in the midst of this time of

value of farms.

the paper basis, and, secondly, after making the

apparent

financial

though holding the second place in the amount

required reduction, or on the gold basis:

depression ensuing, weeded out a large pro­

of capital invested in manufactures, is sur­

portion of the smaller establishments, and the

passed by both the W estern and the South

subsequent growth, following the well-known

Atlantic sections in the ratio between the

P

e r c e n t a g e
o n

VALUE.

I

o f

a p e r

B

i8 6 0

n c r e a se

a sis

P

e r c e n t a g e

.

o n

18 5 0

18 70

G

I

o f

o l d

B

n cr e a se

a s is

i8 6 0

.

18 50

The

severe

in the ratio of manufacturing capital to the
The Northern Central section,

TO

TO

TO

TO

TO

tendency of this industry, has been chiefly in

manufacturing and the agricultural interests.

18 70 .

i8 6 0 .

1880.

18 70 .

i8 6 0 .

the direction of an enlargement of the greater

The explanation of this anomaly is found in

Capital................

3 i -7

I O 9 .9

89-3

6 4 .6

6 7 .7

89-3

establishments.

the relatively low value of farms in the latter

Materials............

36.5

I 4 I .2

8 5 .8

7 0 .6

9 2 .9

Products.............

2 6 .9

I 2 4 .4

8 5 .0

58.6

79.6

8 5 .0

Excess of products over materials..............

i 3 -i

10 4 . I

8 4 .1

4 1 .4

63-3

8 4 .1

0
°.
in

TO

1880.

00

18 70

P

prosperity.

The census

This tendency was especially

noticeable during the

decade from 1870 to

sections.

Nearly one-half of the total manu­

1880, when the average capital per establish­

facturing capital of the South Atlantic section

ment increased from $6,720 (gold) to $10,992,

is supplied by Maryland, or, in other words, by

or no less than 61.1 per cent

Baltimore and its vicinity.

MANUFA CTURES.
The following table shows the total manu­

For a like

other of the principal manufacturing industries.

facturing capital of each state and territory,

reason, and because also of their great lumber­

W hile Pennsylvania and New York have the

and the percentage which it forms of the value

ing interests, W isconsin and Michigan precede

largest amount of capital invested, they are

of farms, together with the percentage of urban

Ohio, and Minnesota outranks Illinois in the

approached closely by the great grain-growing

population in each:

ratio of manufacturing to agricultural capital.

states of Illinois, Ohio, Minnesota, Wisconsin,

Total
STATES.

Rhode Island................. .
Massachusetts.........................
District of Columbia.............
Connecticut............................
New Hampshire.....................
New Jersey............................
New York..............................
Pennsylvania...........................
Maine......................................
Wyoming................................
Maryland................................
Montana................................
Neyada...................................
Arizona..................................
Delaware................................
Idaho......................................
Washington............................
California................................
Vermont.................................
Wisconsin...............................
Louisiana................................
Michigan................................
Missouri..................................
Utah.......................................
Georgia....................................
Ohio..........................................
Colorado...................................
Florida.....................................
Minnesota................................
South Carolina........................
Kentucky.................................
Illinois......................................
Wirginia....................................
Alabama...................................
Oregon......................................
West Virginia..........................
Tennessee.................................
North Carolina........................
Indiana......................................
New Mexico............................
Iowa..........................................
Kansas......................................
Mississippi................................
Nebraska..................................
Texas........ ................................
Arkansas...................................
D akota.....................................

Manufacturing
Capital.

Amount of
Manufac­ Ratio of
turing Urban to
Capital to Total
each $100 Population
in Value of (Per Cent.)
Farms.

$75 ,575,943
303,806,185
5 ,552,526
120,480,275
51,112,263
106,226,593
514,246,575

$292
208
IOO

The greater proportion

of the grain, exclusive of that exported, was

of establishments, capital, value of materials

ground

and of products in 1880, are as follows:

W hat slight movement there was to mill, was

66

m a n u f a c t u r e s

.

not far from where 'it was raised.

in an easterly direction.

N o. of
E sta b ­
lish ­
m ents.

CLASSES o f

C ap ita l.

V a lu e o f
M aterials.

V a lu e o f
Products.

54

56

26
52

1,959

42,994,028

102,442,442

166,050,354

49

54

B rick and T i l e ..............................

5 ,63 1

2 7,6 73 ,6 16

9,774,834

32,833,587

49

39

195

21,468,587

18,984,877

31,792,802

49

21

C arpets (other than ra g )............
C h eese and B u tte r.......................

3,932

9,604,803

18,363,579

2 5,742 ,510

C h em ical Products (b ) ................

1,349

85,394,211

77,494,425

117 ,3 7 7 ,3 2 4

C o tton G oods (Specific).............

756

208,280,346

102,206,347

192,0 90 ,110

D y e in g and F in ish in g T e x tile s

191

26,223,981

13,664,295

32,297,420

F e lt G o o d s.....................................

26

1,958,254

2,530 ,710

3,619,652

d u c t s ....................................... 24,338

177,36 1,8 78

441,545,225

5 0 5 ,18 5,712

19,844,699

8,028,621

Thus, the North

Atlantic section, which raised a little more than
34.000. 000 bushels, ground 43,750,000 bushels.

2 1,15 4 ,5 7 1

67

49,988,171
364,673
5 8,742,384

44

899,390

28

35

39
..

1,323,300
272,600
15,655,822
677,215
3,202,497
61,243,784
23,265,224
73,821,802
11,462,468
92 ,930,959
72,507,844
2,656,657
20,672,410
188,939,614
4 ,3 n , 7 i 4
3,210,680
31,004,811
11,205,894

25
24
24
24
23
23
22
21

45 , 813,039

15
14
13
12
11
10
10
10
10
8

14
27
12

6
5

12
8

5

3

140,652,066
26,968,990
9,668,008
6 ,3 I2,° 5 6
13,883,390
20,092,845
13 ,045,639
65,742,962
463,275
33,987,886
11,192,315
4,727,600
4,881,150
9 , 245 ,5 6 i
2 ,953,130
771,428

Michigan and Indiana.

grouped by the Census office, with the number

90

474,5 IO>
993

The principal classes of manufactures, as

77

153

farm values, see page lxxxiii).

xcv

19
19
19

39
18
29

A gricu ltu ral Im p lem en ts..........

1,943

B oots and Shoes (a ) ....................

$68,640,486

$62,109,668 $ 3 1,5 3 1,17 0

F lo u rin g and G rist-M ill Pro-

..

G la s s ................................................

2 11

40
II
21
24
22

H o sie ry and K n it G o o d s .. . . .

359

15 ,57 9 ,5 9 1

15 ,210 ,95 1

1,005

230,971,884

1 9 1 ,2 7 1 ,1 5 0

296,557,685
7 1,3 5 1,2 9 7

000,000 of bushels.

This difference, however,

of 123,500,000 bushels
grain

consisted

mainly of

exported, which was supplied almost

entirely by the Northern Central states and the
Pacific coast.

2 ,319

16,878,520

3,105

50,222,054

85,949,207

113,348,336

L u m b er, S a w e d .........................

25,708

18 1.18 6 ,12 2

146,155,385

233,268,729

only to Great Britain, and at the present rapid

M ixed T e x tile s.............................

470

37,996,057

3 7,2 27,741

66,221,703
5 5,10 9 ,914

rate of progress in this industry will soon stand

33,9 51,29 7

8

P a p e r................................................

.692

46,241,202

17

28
3i

S h ip b u ild in g................................ .

2,188

20,979,874

19,736,358

36,800,327

S ilk and S ilk G o o d s...................

382

19,125,30 0

£18,569,166

0 4 , 5 1 9 ,7 2 3

Slaughterin g and M eat P a ck in g

872

49 ,4 19 ,2 13

267,738,902

303,562,413

W o o le n G o o d s..............................

1,990

96,095,564

100,845,611

160,606,721

W orsted G oods.............................

76

20,374,043

22,013,628

3 3 , 5 4 9 ,9 4 2

9
7

5

IO
8

7
3
17

6

II

5

2

3

••

The rank of states in the above list, as

iron and steel, the United States ranks second

abreast of its only rival.

The following table,

compiled for the Tenth Census by Mr. James M.
Swank, shows the position of the United States
among the great iron and steel producing

a.

N o t in clu d in g custom w o rk and repairing.

b.

In clud in g, besides “ D ru g s and C h e m ica ls” (see Plate 118), other chem ical

countries of the globe.

c.

products (cf, p. xcvii.)
N e t value.

in tons of 2,240 pounds:

F lo u rin g an d G rist-M ills — During
were in operation, with a capital of $177,361,878,
an average of $7,287 per establishment.

They

gave employment to 58,407 hands, who received
in wages $17,422,316, or an average of $298
per hand for the year.
stone was

59,612,

4,730,106 bushels.

The number of runs of

and

the

daily

capacity

Production is measured

P

ig

I

r o n

.

St

e e l

.

COUNTRIES.
Y

the census year, 24,338 flouring and grist-mills

7

4

In manufactures of

L ea th er, T a n n e d .........................

J9

17

Iro n an d Steel. —

59,306,509

18

5

329.500.000, ground only a little over 206,-

L e a th e r, C u rried .........................

23
19

17
l6
l6
16

Northern Central section, which raised

2 9 ,16 7,2 27

Iron and S te e l..............................

The

Great Britain........................
United States........................
Germany.................................
F ranee. . . . ..........................
Belgium..................................
Austria and Hungary..........
Russia.....................................
Sweden...................................
Other Countries....................

.

e a r

T

o n s

.

1880
«

7, 749,233
3,83SU9i

1879
1880

2,397,818

Y

e a r

.

T

1415,382
,
1247,335
,

1880
u

<
(

776,500

it

L 7 5,2 9
° 4
586,051 1879
448,197 1880
429,865 1879

u
(t

1879
u

336,992

1880

200,000

378,445
135,000
I 3U9 5
3
211,004
28,118
20,000

u

1880

T otal..........................

o n s.

17,688,596

4,343,719

The number of bushels of

determined by the ratio of manufacturing capi­

wheat supplied to these mills during the year

Iron was manufactured in this country to a

tal to the value of farms, shows a general

was 304 ,775 .737 . valued at $315,394,386; of

small amount from early colonial times, and at

correspondence with the proportion of urban

other grain, 234,907,220 bushels, valued

the close

population.

$112,372,071.

Thus, Rhode Island, with much the largest
urban element of any of the states, employs

The

at

ratio between the total

of the W ar of Independence the

domestic supply of nails and spikes nearly

value of materials ($441,545,225) and of the

equaled the demand.

The first general sta­

products ($505,185,712) is about as 87 to 100.

tistics of manufactures collected in 1810 for the

nearly three times as much capital in manu­

A comparison with similar items from the

third census, although confessedly very incom­

factures as in agriculture, and Massachusetts,

census of 1870, shows that while the number

plete, showed a total iron product valued at

with the next largest urban population, is

of mills increased only 8 per cent, during the

$14,364,524. A s late as 1831 the annual product

second.

The District of Columbia, although it

decade, the capital (reducing that of 1870 to

of steel was only 2,000 tons, none of which was

owes its almost exclusively urban character to

gold) increased 46 per cent.; the number of

of the best quality of crucible make.

exceptional causes, nevertheless stands third.

hands

Connecticut, with a nearly even balance alike

amount of wages increased 49 per cent.; the

of urban and rural population and of manufac­

amount of grain fed to the mills increased

The surprisingly high position in this list
of New Hampshire, Maine and Vermont, and
of several Western territories, is due to the
relatively low value of their farming lands (for

47 per cent.

very

slightly, while

the

The progress in production of pig iron is
shown as follows:
Y E A R .

T

o n s

.

These figures show a remarkably

close correspondence between the increase of
capital, wages and amount of grain milled.
The distribution of flouring and grist-mills
is more uniform than is the case with any

P

e r

I

C

e n t

,

n c r e a se

1810........................................

53,908

1840........................................

315,000

i860........................................
1870........................................

821,223
2,052,821

150

1880........................................

3 ,8 3 5 ,J 9 i

0
0
v|

turing and agricultural interests, is fourth.

diminished

....
484

l6 l

o f

.

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

XCV1

W ith this rapid progress in production, the

The following table shows the principal

The high per capita product of W yom ing

improvement in quality of product has fully

classes of the products of iron manufacture, in

(Plate 120) is explained by the smallness of

kept pace.

tons:

its population.

United

The

States

pig

is

iron product of the

among the best

in

the

world, and the Bessemer steel made here is
now confessedly fully as good as the English.
The only point in which Great Britain still
excels is in the production of steel for fine

Pig iron and castings from furnace................................ 3,781,021
All products of iron rolling-mills...................................... 2,353,248
Bessemer steel finished products....................................
Open hearth steel “
Crucible steel
“

“
“

889,896

Specific C o tto n M a n u fa ctu re s—

....................................
....................................

93,*43
70,319

Blister and other steel.........................................................

4,956

all manufactures of cotton into fabrics known

Products of forges and bloomaries..................................

Under this head are included by the Census

cutlery.
The following summary presents the con­

72,557

and sold as cotton goods, as distinguished from

T o ta l ...................................................................... 7,265,140

those of special mills, working raw cotton,

In the following table are presented the

waste, or cotton yarn into hose, webbing, tape,

dition of the iron and steel industry in 1880

leading items of materials used, in tons:

and in 1870, showing the percentage of increase

Iron o r e ............................................................................... 7,709,708
Limestone............................................................................. 3,169,149

during the decade:

I

r o n

a n d

S

t e e l

M

a n u f a c t u r e s

fancy fabrics or mixed goods.

Anthracite c o a l................................................................. 3,322,498

.

1880.

1870.

P er­
c e n ta g e
o f In ­
crea se.

Bituminous coal................................................................... 5,659,055
Coke...................................................................................... 2,277,555

O f the total amount of capital invested in
Number of establishments...

808

1,005

24.38

Capital...................................... $230,971,884 $121,772,074 89.68
Value of materials.................. $191,271,150 $135,526,132 41.13
Value of products.................. $296,557,685 $207,208,696 43.12

The following table shows the condition of
this industry in 1880 and in 1870, with the
changes during the decade:

C

o t t o n

M

a n u f a c t u r e s

1880.

956

iron and steel works in the country, 46 per
cent, was in Pennsylvania.

Then followed

Establishments............................................

Ohio with 11 per cent., and New York with

Capital......................................

$ 2 0 8 ,2 8 0 ,3 4 6

9 per cent.; Missouri and New Jersey had each

Spindles....................................

1 0 ,6 5 3 ,4 3 5

49

57 , 3 i o

44

135,369

28

3,655,21:5

98.76

140,978

77,555

81.78

4 per cent., while in no other state was the

Looms......................................

2 2 5 ,7 5 9

i

Number of hands employed..
Wages paid..............................

$55 476,785
,

capital over 3 per cent, of the total capital

Operatives................................

36-93

172,544

employed in the iron and steel works of the

W ages......................................

$ 4 2 ,0 4 0 ,5 1 0

should be diminished by one-fifth in order to
reduce them to the gold standard— a reduction

Cotton consumed, b a les........

country.
For more than a century, Pennsylvania has
been the leading iron manufacturing state.

In

“

“

i,

4
7

7 , ! 32 , 4 i 5

7,265,140

A ll money values of the Census of 1870

21

—

$ 1 4 0 ,7 0 6 ,2 9 1

Weight of products (tons). . .

$ 4 0 ,5 1 4 ,9 8 1

P e r cen t,
o f In ­
c re a se .

18 70 .

756

.

8

$ 39 , 044,132

57o,344

995,770

value........

$ 8 6 ,9 4 5 ,7 2 5

All materials, value................

$ 1 0 2 ,2 0 6 ,3 4 7

$ 1 1 1 ,7 3 6 ,9 3 6

Product, value........................

$ 1 9 2 ,0 9 0 ,1 1 0

$

58

—

••

-9

177 , 489,739

8

which must be made in all comparisons of the

1870 its product was slightly over 50 per cent,

values of 1880 and 1870.

After making this

of the whole product of the country, and in

allowance, the increase in capital is seen to

1880 only a trifle less than this proportion.

W hen the values in 1870, given in the

amount to 137.1 per cent., in materials to 76.42,

Ohio stood second in 1870 and 1880, and New

above table, are reduced to a gold standard,

of products to 78.9, and in wages to 71.16 per

York third, although during the past decade its

it appears that capital increased 85 per cent.,

cent.

increase was much less than the average of

and wages 35 per cent., during the decade.

the whole country.

Materials show,

Taken in connection with the large

increase in these items, the relatively small

T h e m in u s sig n in d ica tes a decrease.

instead

of a decrease, an

increase in the number of establishments indi­

A comparison of the rank of the twelve

increase of 14 per cent., and this in spite of

cates a prevailing tendency to the enlargement

leading states in this industry in 1870 and

the fact that raw cotton decreased in average

of existing works, rather than to the creation

1880, shows great relative changes, as follows:

price (gold) from 17^ to 12 cents per pound in
the interval.

of new establishments.

Rank i n Rank in Product in 1880.
(Tons.)
1880.
1870.

STATES.

The following table shows the number and

The product shows an increase

of 36 per cent., while, as in the case of raw
cotton, the price, in gold, of cotton goods had

capacity of iron and steel works of different

Pennsylvania...........................

I

I

3,616,668

classes in 1880:

Ohio........................................

2

2

93 °, J4 i

New York................................

3

3

598,300

Illinois.....................................

15

4

417,967

New Jersey............................

4

5

243,860

Wisconsin..............................

12

6

178,935

49 per cent, in the number of spindles and of

West Virginia........................

IO

7

147,487

44 per cent, in that of looms, while the amount

Michigan................................

8

8

142,716

Massachusetts.........................

9

9

Missouri..................................

6

IO

I 4 b 3 2i
125,758

Kentucky................................

7

Blast furnaces (completed stacks)..........................................

681

Rolling-mill establishments......................................................

324

Single puddling furnaces (excluding puddling machines).. 4,319
Hammers in iron rolling-mills.................................................

239

Heating furnaces.......................................

2,105

Trains of rolls in iron rolling-mills........................................

1,206

fallen nearly 50 per cent.
W ith the great reduction in the number of
establishments was associated an increase of

of cotton used increased in still greater ratio.

Nail m achines..........................................................................

3,775

Steelworks.................................................................................

73

Bessemer converters................................................................

24

Open hearth steel furnaces......................................................

37

Pot holes for crucible steel......................................................

2,691

Trains of rolls in steel works..................................................

136

Hammers in steel works..........................................................

219

in twenty-five states.

In 1880 the number of

The first cotton factory in the country was

Forges and bloomaries............................................................

118

iron manufacturing states was increased to

erected at Providence, Rhode Island, shortly

Forge and bloomary fires........................................................

495
1

thirty, besides the territory of W yom ing and

after the close of the Revolution.

Siemens rotator........................................................................
Hammers in forges and bloomaries........................................

141

the District of Columbia, and notwithstand­

of the third census gave the number of factories

ing the fact that South

in 1810 as 168, with 90,000 spindles.

Daily capacity of blast furnaces (tons).................................. 19,248
“

“

of iron rolling-mills (tons).............................16,430

*

“

of Bessemer converters (tons).....................

4,467

“

“

of open hearth steel furnaces (tons).............

827

“

“

of Bessemer and open hearthsteel roll­

ing-mills (tons)
Daily capacity of crucible steel works (tons)........................

u

“

of forges and bloomaries (tons).....................

Maryland................................

5

II
12

123 , 75 !

110,934

In 1870 iron and steel were manufactured

Carolina

dropped

Moreover, the increase in number of operatives
by no means kept pace with that of spindles
or looms, or of amount of cotton consumed, a
fact which shows greater economy of labor.

The returns
O f these

445
520

Massachusetts had 54 with

The states in which production commenced

Rhode Island 26 with 21,030 spindles, and

between
5,223

out of the number of producers meantime.

Connecticut 14 with 11,883 spindles.

1870

and

1880,

were

Colorado,

19,448 spindles,
A t this

Kansas, Nebraska, Oregon, Texas and New

period fully two-thirds of the cotton cloth used

Hampshire.

in the country was of household manufacture.

M ANUFA CTURES.

XC V ll

The progress of cotton manufactures from

vania nearly one-fifth, and this group of states

W o rste d G oods. — The

1850 to i860 is presented in the following

nearly seven-eighths of all the capital invested

worsted goods, also, is confined almost entirely

table:

in this industry.

to the states of New Hampshire, Massachusetts,

COTTON MANUFACTURES.

i860.

The growth of woolen manufactures since

1850.

1,091

1,074

Capital......................................

$98,585,269

$76,032,578

Value of material....................

$57,285,534

$37 ,778,064

E stab lish m en ts.........

1,990

Value of products..................

$115,681,774

$65,501,687

H a n d s ..........................

86,504

C a p ita l.........................

$96,095,564

W a g e s .........................

$25,836,392

W oolen
M an u factu res.

of the capital of the country, and furnish a

1880.

97,956

$17,267,112

$23,940,108

Wages................................. ..

i860.

1850.*

2,891

1,260

1,8 17

80,053

28,050

3 4 ,8 9 5

$98,824,531

$30,862,654

$26,671,542

$26,877,575

$9,808,254

$7,167,900

M a te ria ls.................... $100,845,611

$96,432,601

$36,586,887

$24,912,455

Produ cts...................... $160,606,721

122,028

Operatives................................

1870.

$ 1 5 5 , 4 0 5 ,3 5 8

$6 1,89 5,217

$43,542,288

Massachusetts was then, as now, the leading

* In clu d in g W orsted Goods.

state, followed by Rhode Island, Pennsylvania,
New York and Connecticut, each of which
states had, in 1850, over 100 establishments,
and more than $4,000,000 of capital.
The principal seat of the cotton
facture is in New England.

The percentage of increase in the abovementioned items, during the last two decades,
reducing values of 1870 to gold, was as follows:

manu­

Percentage
o f Increase,
1870 to 1880.

W OOLEN M AN U FACTU RES.

In 1880 these six

states absorbed 75 per cent, of the capital

Atlantic section, furnished 12 per cent., the

P ercentage
o f Increase,
i860 to 1870.

- 3 1 .1 7

129.44

8.06

185-39

21 55

1 5 6 .17

W a g e s.....................................................................................

20.16

119.22

M a te ria ls...............................................................................

30.72

110.86

Products.................................... ............................................

28.38

100.86

H a n d s.....................................................................................

invested in this industry in the United States,
while the six remaining states of the North
South Atlantic and Southern Central states,

in cotton manufactures.

The comparison, as extended to other items
below, is especially significant:

The greatest amount

cent, of the total capital invested in cotton
manufacturing in the country.
importance

are

Rhode

Percentage
o f Increase,
1870 to 1880.

Percentage
o f Increase,
i860 to 1870.

A v e ra g e cap ital p er establishm ent................................

7 6 -5 8

104.34

“

num ber o f hands per estab lishm ent............

58.04

with

over

“

annual w ages per h an d ....................................

1 1 .1 5

— 23.18

valu e p e r hand o f products o v er m aterials.

17.2 2

New

Hampshire,

Maine,

leads,

followed

by

Pennsylvania and Rhode Island.

D y e in g a n d F in ish in g o f T e x ­
tiles .— The statistics of the Census do “ not
include establishments connected with cotton,
woolen and silk factories, but only independent
dye-works, bleacheries and print-works.” The
values of products given are only the “ values
added to the fabrics by the processes of these
establishments.”
In this class of manufactures was invested,
in 1880, a capital of $26,223,981, distributed
among 191 establishments.

The value of the

materials used was $13,664,295, and of the
industry follows

The distribution of this

closely that of cotton and

26.67

86.53

of capital being in Massachusetts, Rhode Island,
Pennsylvania, New Hampshire and New York.
O f the total capital, over 99 per cent, was

— 3 4 -6 8

T o ta l valu e o f products over m aterials.......................

T h e m inus sign in d icates a decrease.

$28,000,000, and Connecticut with more than
$20,000,000, while

Massachusetts

2 4 -3 9

The next in

Island,

industry

In this

woolen manufactures, the principal investment

W OOLEN M AN U FACTU RES.

in any one state is in Massachusetts, which has
over $72,000,000 invested, or nearly 35 per

similar proportion of the product.

products $32,297,420.

together, 11 per cent., leaving in the rest of the
country only 2 per cent, of the capital engaged

Rhode Island, New Y ork and Pennsylvania,
which jointly possess not less than 97 per cent,

1850 is shown in the following table:
Establishments.........................

manufacture of

located in the North Atlantic group of states.

H o siery an d

K n it G o od s.— The

manufacture of hosiery and knit goods was

M ix ed T extiles .— The

carried on during 1880 in 359 establishments,

New York and Pennsylvania follow in the

manufacture of
mixed textiles, or miscellaneous fabrics of wool,

having a capital of $15,579,591. The employees

order mentioned.

cotton and silk, is likewise confined almost

numbered 28,885, to whom was paid as wages

entirely to the North Atlantic states.

the sum of $6,701,475.

The

large

proportional

amount

in the

The

The total value of

Southern states will doubtless give surprise

states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,

materials employed was $15,210,951, and of all

to many.

New Hampshire,

products $29,167,227.

More significant than this is the fact

New Jersey,

Pennsylvania

The increase in value

that this industry is increasing more rapidly in

and Rhode Island, possessed in 1880 not less

of products over materials was $13,956,276, or

the South than in New England.

Comparison

than 93 per cent, of the $38,000,000 of capital

nearly 92 per cent, of the latter.

of the figures of the censuses of 1870 and

in this industry, and furnished over 94 per cent,

1880, shows that in the North Atlantic section

of the product.

In this class of manufactures

necticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and

the capital engaged in this industry increased

Pennsylvania leads, with a capital and product

New Jersey, this industry is comparatively

44 per cent.; in the South 50 per cent., a

nearly one-third that of the country.

trifling.

S ilk .— Silk

Carpets. — In

Outside of New York, Pennsylvania, Con­

relative gain for the Southern states.

W

G oods. — In

manufacture, both of raw material
The

(other than rag) there was invested in 1880 a

woolen goods there was invested in 1880 a

states of New. York, New Jersey and Con­

capital of $21,468,587, distributed among 195

capital of $96,095,564, divided among 1,990

necticut had in 1880 no less than 84 per cent,

establishments.

establishments, affording employment to 86,504

of all the capital in this industry.

products was $31,792,802.

persons, to whom was paid as wages the sum

remainder, which is distributed among twelve

21,986,434-yards were made; of tapestry carpets,

of $25,836,392, an average of nearly $300 per

other states, Pennsylvania and Massachusetts

9,441,195 yards; of Brussels, 4,077,190 yards,

hand.

together had seven-eighths.

and of Venetian carpets, 1,984,201 yards.

O O le n

The

value

of

the manufacture of

materials used

was

and of goods, is very limited in its range.

the manufacture of carpets

O f the

The wholesale value of the
O f two-ply ingrains

$100,845,611, and of the products $160,606,721,

In 1880 there were 382 establishments,

In 1870, there were reported 215 establish­

showing an increase in value of the products

having a total capital of $19,125,300, employ­

ments, having a capital of $12,540,750, and an

over materials of $59,761,110, or 59.3 per cent.

ing

annual product of $21,761,573.

31,337

hands

and

Notwithstand­

The net value of the

ing a decided decrease of establishments, the

fined mainly to the North Atlantic states.

materials used>was $18,569,166, and of the

capital nearly doubled and the product increased

Massachusetts has about one-fourth, Pennsyl­

products $34.519.723-

83 per cent, in the decade.

The manufacture of woolen goods is con­

$9,146,705 in wages.

disbursing annually

SCRIBNERS STATISTICAL ATLAS.

XCV111

The leading state in this industry is Penn­

yields both to Indiana and to Kansas in the

each class.

sylvania, where are located 172 out of the 195

average capital per establishment.

The second

engaged 2,319 establishments, having a capital

establishments in the country.

These repre­

state in the total product is New York, which

of $16,878,520, employing 11,053 hands, to

sent, however, but one-third of the capital

ranks as second also in the number of estab­

whom was paid as wages, during the year,

($7,210,483), while the ten establishments of

lishments, and third in point of capital.

$4,845,413, an average of $438 per hand.

New York represent nearly as great an invest­

comparatively insignificant capital, New Jersey

materials used were valued at $59,306,509 and

ment ($6,422,158).

Massachusetts has seven

ranks fourth in respect to total product and

the product at $71,351,297.

establishments with a capital of $4,637,646, and

second in average product per establishment.

materials to products was 83 per cent.

W ith a

Connecticut two, with a capital of $3,085,000,

In the currying of leather, were

The

The

ratio of
The

largest investment of capital in this industry

and there are small establishments in New

B o o ts an d Shoes. —

Jersey, Maryland and Maine.

diagrams relating to this branch of manu­

than one-fourth of the total capital.

factures, refer only to that class of establish­

importance are Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New

S lau gh terin g an d M eat-P ack in g.

ments which may properly be considered as

York, Wisconsin and Ohio, each of which had

— This branch of industry, although of com­

factories, inasmuch as these only were reported

more than $1,000,000 invested in currying

paratively recent origin, has already grown to

in detail by the Census.

leather.

very large proportions.

custom and repair shops, the product of which

The following table

The

maps and

This excludes 16,013

was in Massachusetts, which had slightly more
N ext in

There were 3,105 tanning establishments,

shows its condition in 1880:

was not reported separately.

Number of establishments (wholesale).......................................872
Capital................................................................................ $49,419,213

is given the aggregate product of all boot and

industry were employed 23,812 hands, whose

shoe

wages during the year amounted to $9,204,243,

Hands employed......................................................................... 27,297
Wages..................................................................................$10,508,530
Beeves slaughtered................................................................I> 5 > 3
7553
Average gross weight of beeves (pounds)................................. 1,100
Sheep slaughtered................................................................. 2,233,701
Average gross weight of sheep (pounds).......................................92
Hogs slaughtered.................................................................16,098,428

establishments,

Upon Plate 118

including

these

retail

representing a capital of $50,222,054.

an average per hand of $389.

establishments.
This branch of manufactures is one of the
oldest in the country.

More than a century

In this

The value of

materials was

$85,949,207 and of products,

$113,348,336.

The

ratio

of

materials

ago, boots and shoes were made in considerable

products was 76 per cent.

Average gross weight of hogs (pounds)....................................... 248

quantity in Massachusetts, which state has held

Pennsylvania and New York are greatly in

Value of all materials..................................................... $267,738,902

its pre-eminence in this industry, having in

advance of all others, having together more

Value of all products..................................................... $303,562,413

1880 an invested capital of over $21,098,133,

than one-half of the total capital of the country.

The great slaughtering and meat-packing

while New York, its nearest competitor, has

Massachusetts, Maine, Illinois and Ohio each

establishments of Chicago place Illinois far in

$6,227,537, or less

of this

have more than $2,000,000, and New Jersey,

advance of all other states.

amount.

The product in Massachusetts during

Wisconsin, Kentucky, California and Michigan

capital invested in this state was $12,019,980,

the census year was valued at $95,900,510, and

each more than $1,000,000 of capital in this

or nearly one-fourth of the total capital of this

that of New York at $18,979,259 or less than

industry.

industry in the country.

one-fifth as much.

The amount of

Next in importance

than

one-third

The

to

states of

Pennsylvania ranked third,

were Ohio, with a capital of $5,487,682; New

with a capital of $3,627,840, and a product

L u m b er. — The

York, $4,548,625; Indiana, $3,974,000; Pennsyl­

about half that of New York.

ber is one of the largest industries of the

vania, $2,938,625; Massachusetts, $2,904,440;

Hampshire, Maine, Ohio and California, also,

country.

Missouri,

there was a considerable investment in this

dition in 1880, 1870, i860 and 1850:

$2,327,500;

Kentucky,

$2,229,500;

California, $2,130,200; Iowa, $1,955,500; New

In Illinois, New

The following table shows its con­

industry, in each case exceeding $1,000,000.
1880.

$1,775,200,

Other states

and

Kansas,

$1,669,400.

had each less than

$1,000,000

invested. .

The returns of the last two censuses (1880
and

1870) show a decided increase in the

M a n u f a c t u r e s .

M i lls ..............................

1870.

i860.

1850.*

25,708

L u m b e r

Jersey,

manufacture of sawed lum­

25,832

19,699

17,895

$72,503,894

$40,038,427

amount of capital invested in this industry,

C a p it a l......... ................. $ 18 1,18 6 ,12 2 $ 1 4 3 , 4 9 3 ,2 3 2

These twelve states are arranged in the

accompanied by a very great concentration,

H a n d s.............................

1 4 7 ,9 5 6

1 4 9 ,9 9 7

71,878

52,218

following table according to the value of their

the reduction in the number of establishments

W a g e s ............................

$ 3 1 , 8 4 5 ,9 7 3

$40,009,162

$20,647,807

$13,022,052

total product:

being nearly 38 per cent.

A v e ra g e ann ual w ages
per h an d ....................

$212

$267

$287

$249

N um ber
of
E s ta b lis h ­

A verage
C a p ita l p e r
E s ta b lis h ­

m e n ts .

m e n t.

Illinois.......................

1 4 3

$84,056

New Y o rk ..................

128

Massachusetts............

77

New Jersey................

31

Ohio............ ...............

STATES.

35.497
37,720

T o ta l
P ro d u ct.

A verage
P rod u ct p er
E s ta b lis h ­
m e n t.

$97 ,891,5*7 $684,556
43,096,138 336,689
22,951,782

The following table shows the percentage
of increase, after reducing the values of 1870
to a gold basis:
M anufacture

of

1880.

57,264

20,719,640

93

5 9 ,°°7

19,231,297

206,788

Number of establishments.

i ,959

Indiana.......................

25

158,960

15,209,204

608,368

Number of hands..............

111,152

Missouri......................

65

35,8o8

14,628,630

225,056

Capital.................................

$42,994,028

Iowa...........................

38

5^462

11,285,032

Value of materials............ $102,442,442

Pennsylvania............

35

83,961

9,908,545

296,975
283,201

California..................

51

41,768

7> > I 4
953 9

119,243

5,618,714

7 i, 9 i 9

4 ,538,888

401,33 6
146,416

1870.

P ercen t­
age o f
Increase.

155,959

Kansas........................

1 4

K en tu cky..................

3i

A ll m aterial (v a lu e ). . $146,155,385 $ 1 0 3 , 3 4 3 ,4 3 0

$43,156,903

$ 2 7 , 5 9 3 ,5 2 9

Produ cts (va lu e).......... $233,268,729 $ 2 10 ^ 59,3 2 7

$93,338,606

$58,520,966

46

47

products (per cen t.)

Boots

and

. . . .

—

R a tio o f m aterials to

298,075
668,375

*

L o g s (v a lu e )................ $139,836,869

Sh o es.

3, i 5i
9I> ° 2
7

-

37-83

63

49

* T h e figures fo r 1850 in clu d e plan ed lum ber, o f w h ich on ly a sm all q u an tity
w as m anufactured.

The rate of increase in the several principal

21.21

items for the last three decades, reducing the

$ 37 5i 9 i 9
,
,o

43-23

values of- 1870 to gold, is as follows:

$80,502,718

59-°7

Value of products.............. $166,050,352 $146,704,055

41-52

P ercentage

manufacture of leather, both

I n crease.

1870 to 1880.

T h e m inus sign in d icates a decrease.

L eath er. — The

of

L u m b e r

M a n u factu res.

Capital.....................

i860 to 1870.

1850 to i860.

59

58

81

Wages........................

— 00.5

56

59

that Illinois, which

tanned and curried, is very widely distributed.

Materials....................

7
7

91

56

stands first in respect to total capital, total

In thirty-nine out of the forty-seven states and

Products....................

39

80

60

product and average product per establishment,

territories, there were in 1880 establishments of

It will be observed

T h e m inus sign in dicates a decrease.

MANUFA CTURES.
The relatively small increase of 39 per

estimated to contain 20,907,100,000 feet, the

cent, in the value of products, between 1870

cut from which during the census year was

and 1880, taken in connection with an absolute

XC1X

61,570,000 feet.

increase of 42 per cent, in the quantity of

gan, Wisconsin and Minnesota, the Southern

shrinkage in value of lumber during the decade.

indicated by the following summary:

timber area appears to be almost untouched.

The item of wages shows a slight decrease.

W ith an amount of standing pine nearly four

The principal seat of the lumber industry at
present is in

Michigan, where

the capital

N um ber.

CLA SS O F V ESSELS.

In comparison with the timber area of Michi­

lumber manufactured, indicates a considerable

The character of the vessels constructed is

A gg re gate A verage
T onn age. T onn age.

For navigation of ocean, eastern coast
and rivers............................................

731

* 5 ° ,3 2 5

206

For navigation of western rivers........

899

2 4 2 ,0 9 4

267

3 ° , 75 2

2 17

6 6 ,7 0 7

10 4

times as great, the cut during the census year

“

“

“ northern la k e s ....

14 2

was only one-fourth as large.

“

“

“ canals....................

643

A t the present

invested is $39,260,428, or more than one-fifth

rate of cutting, the supply in the former region

of the total investment of the country.

The

will last, allowing for growth, not over twenty-

The first mentioned class includes sixty-

three states which rank next are Pennsylvania,

five years at the outside, while that in the

seven iron vessels, having an aggregate tonnage

with a capital of $21,418,588, Wisconsin with

South will be ample for an indefinite period.

of 31,347, and an average of 468 tons per

$19,824,059, and New Y ork with $13,230,934.

Nothing is more certain, however, than that the

vessel.

In the Southern states there is invested a

rate of cutting will greatly increase hereafter,

gating 17,033 tons, were built in Pennsylvania.

capital of only $23,500,000, notwithstanding the

especially in the South, which, with W ashing­

Next in this class of construction was Dela­

fact that this section contains by far the largest

ton, Oregon and northern California, will, in

ware, with 8,925 tons, while the tonnage built

areas of timber yet remaining in the United

the not distant future, furnish most of the

by New ,York was trifling, and Maine does

States.

merchantable lumber.

not appear to have engaged to any extent in

O f this number more than half, aggre­

this branch of shipbuilding.

An investigation made in connection with

f

the tenth census, concerning the timber sup­

A g r ic u lt u r a l Im p le m e n ts.— The

ply, developed the following facts as to the cut

manufacture of agricultural implements has of

C h em ica l P r o d u c ts — Under

for the census year and amounts of timber esti­

late years increased very rapidly.

are grouped by the Census a great variety of

mated as standing in the three most important

the capital invested and the value of the annual

products obtained by chemical processes.

lumbering states:

product have more than doubled.

According to

principal ones are mentioned in the following

the Census statistics of agriculture, the value of

schedule, with the amount and value of each

farming implements and machines increased

in 1880:

W h it e P i n e .
STATES.
S tan d in g.
(Feet.)

C u t fo r Census
Y e a r.
(Feet.)

M ic h ig a n .........

35.000.

000.000
4.397.211.00 0

"Wisconsin . . . .

41.000.

H a r d W o o d T im b e r .
Stan d in g.
(Cords.)

C u t fo r C e n ­
sus Y ear.
(Feet.)

000.0002.097.299.000

M in n e s o t a __

6,100,000,000

540,997,000

7,000,000,000

442,089,000

57,600,000

Since 1870

from $151,587,638, in 1850, to $406,520,055, in
1880, an increase of 168 per cent.

Aniline colors

lxxxiii.)
The manufacture of agricultural machinery

The above mentioned cut of hard wood is

is mainly carried on in the states of Ohio,

exclusive of fuel, railroad ties, etc., and of

Illinois and New York, which together furnish
about three-fifths of the capital and product,

cut in Michigan, and 7,825,000 staves and

and in Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Indiana, K en­

547,000 sets of headings cut in Minnesota.

tucky, Michigan, Minnesota and Iowa.

It

in Michigan 7,000,000,000 feet of hemlock, and

S h ip b u ild in g .— Under

5.000. 000 cords of white and yellow cedar.

Census Reports include not only the building of

cut in 1880, and estimated as then standing,
were as follows:

this heading the

STATES.
Stan d in g.
(F eet.)

C u t fo r cen­
sus year.
(F e e t.)

Standing.
(F eet.)

•

C u t fo r cen­
sus year.
(F eet.)

T e x a s ............

20,508,200,000

66,450,000

26,093,200,000

146,420,000

L o u is ia n a . . .

26,588,000,000

61,882,000

21,625,000,000

22,709,000

41,315,000,000

129,781,000

M ississip p i. .

17,200,000,000

108,000,000

6,775,000,000

A la b a m a .. . .

18,885,000,000

245,396,000

2,307,000,000

G e o rg ia .........

16,778,000,000

272,743,000

F lo r id a .........

6,615,000,000

208,054,000

S. C a r o lin a ..

5,316,000,000

124,492,000

N.

5,229,000,000

108,411,000

117,119,20 0 ,00 0

1,195,428,000

Carolina..
T o t a l ----

$ 1 0 7 ,2 9 2

344, n 4

99,242

Sulphate of ammonia

tt

1 6 ,5 7 5 ,0 8 8

6 18 ,4 8 5

Alum

U

3 9 ,2 1 7 ,7 2 5

8 0 8 ,16 5

Borax

it

3 ,6 9 2 ,4 4 3

2 7 7 ,2 3 3

Bromine

it

40 4,690

H 4 ,7 5 2

Phosphorus

it

5 6 ,2 9 2

2 9 ,2 7 1

893,80 2

7 9 0 ,7 4 1

18 ,3 6 3 ,0 6 6

2 ,2 8 1,6 0 0

4 4 6 ,2 9 6 ,1 3 8

2o , 3 6 5 ,5 9 9

7 ,1 1 7 ,8 2 5

9 6 i >477

3 ,0 3 9 ,7 2 2

1 ,8 3 0 ,4 1 7

7 2 7 ,4 5 3

19 ,9 2 1,4 0 0

6 7 ,4 8 2 ,4 1 5

4 ,0 8 6 ,8 2 1

I 2 3 ,4 7 7 , 89 0

8 ,7 7 0 ,6 9 9

1 1 ,3 7 5 ,4 6 6

75 8 ,6 8 0

i 9, l6 S

3 7 1 ,8 2 9

2 0 ,1 2 1 ,7 6 1

7 6 6 ,3 3 7

6 ,5 9 3 ,0 0 9

15 6 ,8 9 2

Castor oil (gallons)...
Stearic acid candles (pounds) . . . .
it

Glycerine

it

Nitro-glycerine

it

Manufactured manures (tons). . . .
Dry colors
White lead

t(

Other salts of lead

it

The leading statistics are as follows:

Hands (number).............................................................................. 21,345*

(pounds). . . .

Ground barytes (tons).
Zinc oxide

(pou nd s)....

Acetate of lime

it

Value of all materials....................................................... $ I9>736,358
Number boats built......................................................................8,026

Potash and pearlash

it

Soda

it

Number vessels built......................................................
2,415
Tonnage of vessels built......................................................... 498,878

Sulphur

ft

Sulphuric acid

it

Glucose

it

Amount of wages............................................................... $12,713,813

7,775,000

A rk a n s a s. . . .

8 0 ,5 18

Anthracene

vessels.

Capital................................................................................. $20,979,874
S h o r t L e a v e d P in e .

V alue.

tt

new vessels of all classes, but all repairs upon

Establishments (number).............................................................. 2,188

L o n g L e a v e d P in e .

(pounds)----

Soaps

is estimated that there remain standing, also,

In the Southern states the amounts of pine

A m ou n t .

The

(See page

36,884,000

36.000.000 staves and 3,330,000 sets of headings

C H E M IC A L PR O D U C T S.

this head

Number vessels repaired........................................................... 16,507
Total value of products................................................... $36,800,327

4 ,5 7 i , 6 7 i

All other products........

2 32 ,6 43

4 0 ,2 5 9 ,9 3 8

86 6,560

1,20 0 ,0 0 0

21,0 0 0

3 0 8 ,7 6 5 ,4 3 2

3 ,6 6 1 ,8 7 6

1 5 r, 740,400

4 ,5 5 I , 2 I 2

4 4 ,9 2 7 ,1 0 1

The shipbuilding industry is not widely
distributed.

Sulphate of ammonia is produced most
largely in Pennsylvania, New York and Ohio.

the states and territories, in many of them
306,685,000

during the census year

there were establishments in thirty-seven of

98,115,200,000

W hile

Alum is made principally in Pennsylvania, with

little or nothing was done.

a small production in New Jersey and New

The principal

shipbuilding states are- Pennsylvania, which

York.

In most of these states there are enormous

constructed during the census year 204,507

obtained mainly from Missouri, New Jersey

quantities of valuable hard woods, concerning

tons, or nearly one-half of the total construc­

and Illinois.

which no full statistics are yet accessible.

tion of the country; New Y ork with 76,418

furnished more than one-half the product of the

tons, and Maine with 41,396 tons.

United States, the remainder being made in

There

were reported in Texas areas of loblolly pine,

Castor oil, aside from importations, is
O f stearic acid candles Ohio

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

c

California, Missouri,

Illinois and

states in the upper part of the Mississippi

The manufacture of glass is most largely

The manufacture of soap was

valley, with New York and Pennsylvania, than

carried on in the state of Pennsylvania, where

reported in every state and territory, with the

elsewhere, these states having 56 per cent, of

nearly 39 per cent, of the total capital is

exception

all the capital of the country.

invested, and to the next largest extent in

New York.

Kentucky,

of Georgia

and

North Carolina.

Together with

The leading producer is New York, followed

New Jersey, Massachusetts and Maryland, they

by Illinois, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Massachusetts

have nearly three-fourths of the entire capital.

and New Jersey.

In these states are included also most of the

P o w e r used in M anufactures.—

large establishments.

The manufactures of the United States em­

Glycerine is manufactured

principally in Ohio and New York, the pro­
duction of other states being trifling.

New Jersey and New York.

Nitro­

The number of establishments which, in

glycerine was made mainly in Ohio, Pennsyl­

1870, was 3,137, was 5,631 in 1880, an increase

horse power.

vania and New Jersey.

In the manufacture

of nearly 80 per cent., while capital increased

steam power, and 35.93 per cent, water pow er;

of dry colors, Pennsylvania was far in the lead,

66 per cent, (reducing the capital in 1870 to a

in other words, the amount of steam power was

her product being about two-fifths of the w hole;

gold standard).

nearly double that of water power.

and next in order were New York, Massa­

establishments is in marked contrast with the

the amount of power in use was reported as

chusetts and Connecticut.

general tendency of manufactures toward con­

2,346,142 horse power, of which 51.82 per cent,

centration during the decade.

was steam power and 48.18 per cent, was water

other salts

of lead are

White lead and
manufactured very

This multiplication of small

ployed

power.

largely in Pennsylvania, New York, Missouri,

in 1880 an aggregate

of 3,410,837

O f this 64.07 per cent, was

In 1870,

The increase in total power between

The production o^sulphuric

F a c to r y Cheese an d B u tter.—A s

1870 and 1880 was 45.38 per cent., the greater

acid is distributed widely over the Northern

was noted in the chapter upon Agriculture, the

proportion of which increase was in steam

states,

New

manufacture of butter and cheese, and especially

power, as is plainly shown by its relatively

Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York and Maryland.

the latter, is in process of being transferred

greater importance in 1880.

Glucose

from the farm and dairy to the factory.

Not

the increase in product of manufactures was

less than 89 per cent, of the cheese product

58.6 per cent., being somewhat greater than the

in 1880, together with 4 per cent, of the butter,

increase in power.

Ohio and Illinois.

the principal • producers being
is made only in

trifling amounts

outside of New York and Illinois.

P ap er. — The

manufacture of paper is carried

In the same time,

The increase between 1870 and 1880 in the

was made in factories.
cheese factories were

power employed in the principal industries, as

about one-fourth of the capital in the country

reported in nearly every state and territory,

shown on Plate 138, was in nearly every case

is located.

New York, Ohio and Pennsylvania

more than one-third of the entire capital was

greater than the increase of capital and of

follow next, the combined capital of the four

invested in the state of New York, and of the

product in the same industries.

states being nearly 60 per cent, of all invested

total cheese product this state produced, in

agreement with the increase of power per hand

in this industry in the United States.

1880, nearly three-filths.

In the production

in all branches of manufactures, from 1.14 horse­

In 1880 there were in the country 692 paper

of factory butter also, New Y ork leads all the

power in 1870 to 1.25 horse-power in 1880, an

manufactories, with a capital of $46,241,202,

states, its product being nearly one-third that

increase amounting to 10 per cent, which indi­

employing 24,422 hands, to whom was paid as

of the United States.

cates the extent of the transfer from manual

on mainly in Massachusetts, in which state

W hile

butter and

This is in

labor to machine labor in that period.

wages $8,525,355, an annual average of $349

Glass.— In

1880 there were in the country

The percentage of increase in the proportion

211 manufactories of glass, with a capital of

of steam power employed in the same indus­

was $55,109,914, including the various kinds

$19,844,699, and employing 24,177 hands.

The

tries, ranges from 6 per cent, in manufactures

of paper, in the following quantities:

number of furnaces was 348, and of pots 2,982.

of iron and steel to 46 per cent, in those of

The wages paid during the year amounted to

worsted goods, the average rate of increase

$9,144,100, and averaged $378 per hand.

being nearly 30 per cent.

per hand.The value of all material
was $33,951,297.

used

The value of all products

Printing paper (tons)............................................................... *49,*77
Writing
“
Wrapping “
Binders’ board
W a llp a p e r

32,937

“
“

134,294
............................................................ 20,014
14,737

“
“

Colored paper (pounds)..................................................
Bank note paper
“

14,756,268
296,000

Tissue paper

“

8,125,957

All other paper

“

178,719,831

The

$8,028,621, and of

O f the forty-seven states and territories,

products $21,154,571, showing an increase in

thirty-two reported steam in excess of water

value of the latter over the former of $13,125,-

power, while in but fifteen was the reverse the

950, or 163 per cent.

case.

value

of materials was

The classification of the

In the interval between 1870 and 1880,

the use of steam relatively increased in all

products is as follows:

excepting eight of the states and( territories,
manufacture of
brick and tile is distributed widely over the

GLASS MANUFACTURES.

V a l u e .

Glassware.............................................................

$9,568,520

Louisiana, Montana and Nebraska, all of which,

country, there being no state or territory which

Green glass..........................................................

5 > 7 °,4 33
6

except Louisiana, were in 1870 recently set­

B r ic k an d T ile .— The

does not contain one or more establishments.
This industry is rather more important in the

Plate

“

.........................................................

Window “

........................................................

868,305

namely, Arizona, Dakota, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas,

tled, and contained very little manufacturing
power of any description.

1

RETRO SPEC T.
Value.

PRO DU CT OF S P E C IF IC IND U STRIES, 1880,
(including each Industry w h ose A ggregate
P rodu ct is over $5,000,000).
Specific Industry.

Rank

T O T A L PRODUCT, P E R CAPITA,
B Y C O U N T IE S .

S C A L E :

S t e a m fittin g s a n d h e a tin g .
$
W o o d e n - w a r e ...............................................
D y e s t u f f s a n d e x t r a c t s .......................
M a t t r e s s e s a n d s p r i n g b e d s ...........
C o k e ........................................................................
L e a d , b a r , p ip e , s h e e t , a n d s h o t
V a r n is h .
L im e a n d c e m e n t ...
T a r a n d tu r p e n tin e .
S t a t i o n e r y g o o d s ...............
P h o t o g r a p h i n g ..................
^ ---------- a n ( j m a t e r i a l s a
R o o fin j a n d m a te r ia ls
P ap er1
I r o n - fo r g in g s .
C o r s e t s ...................................................
B e lt i n g a n d h o s e (le a th e r ) .
W ood , tu rn ed a n d ca rv ed .
O le o m a r g a r in e
L i t h o g r a p h in i
U m b r e lla s a m
U p h o ls te rin g .
T r u n k s a n d v a lis e s .
G lo v e s a n d m itte n s .
S ta rch

Boot and shoe, cut stock..........
Boxes, fancy and paper............
O i l , c o t t o n s e e d a n d c a k e .................
S t o n e a n d e a r t h e n w a r e ..................

Coffins and undertakers’ goods.
F u r s , d r e s s e d ___ .
S m e ltin g a n d r e fin in g b
W o o l h a t s ............................
P la te d a n d b r it a n n ia B r id g e s .
W ir e -w o r k .
S tra w go od s.

B r a s s c a s tin g s .
F u r n is h in g g o o d s , m e n 'f
C u tle r y a n d e d g e t o o ls ..
B o o k - b in d in g a n d b la n k b o o k s
P i a n o s a n d m a t e r i a l s e ....................
C o r d a g e a n d t w i n e ...............................
B o x e s , w o o d e n -p a c k in g .
I r o n p ip e , w r o u g h t .
G r e a s e a n d t a l l o w ....................
R u b b e r a n d e la s tic go o d s.
S e w in g - m a c h in e s a n d a t t a c h - I .
B ra s s a n d c o p p e r, r o lle d , [m e n ts

Patent medicines.........

O i l , l i n s e e d .................................
L e a t h e r ( d r e s s e d s k in s ).
F r u its a n d v e g e t a b le s /
P lu m b in g a n d g a s - fit tm

I w r ig h tin g .
S h i r t s ....................................................
M a s o n r y , b r ic k a n d s to n e .

Glass.................................. . . ! ! ! ! .
H a t s a n d c a p s ( e x c e p t w o o l h a t sj
J e w e l r y ................................................................
P a i n t i n g a n d p a p e r h a n g i n g ...........
H a r d w a r e . . ................................................... ..
C o f f e e & s p i c e s , r o a s t e d «fc g r o u n d
L a rd , r e fin e d .
P a in ts .
F e r t i l i z e r s .............................................
C o n f e c t i o n e r y .....................................
C h e e s e a n d b u t t e r (fa c to r y ).
S o a p a n d c a n d l e s ........................
R a ilr o a d a n d s t r e e t c a r s g .
H o s i e r y a n d k n i t g o o d s ___
M a r b l e a n d s t o n e - w o r k ___
C a rp e ts , o t h e r t h a n r a g . . .
C l o t h i n g , w o m e n ’s ...........................
D y e in g a n d fin is h in g t e x t ile s .
B r i c k a n d t i l e .........................................
W o r s t e d g o o d s .....................................

6 ,1 2 7 ,8 4 2 1
6 ,2 3 5 ,4 7 4 1
6 ,2 53 ,0 3 8
6,2 8 8 ,2 3 4
5 ,3 5 9 ,4 8 9
5 ,6 0 0 ,6 7 1
5,6 2 9 ,2 4 0
5 ,7 2 1 , 1 7 4
5 ,7 3 6 ,9 3 6
5 ,7 7 2 ,3 1 8
5 ,8 7 6 ,9 8 3
6,8 9 8 ,32 2
5 ,9 3 5 ,3 1 1
6 ,1 3 6 ,4 7 2
6 ,2 2 7 ,2 8 4
6 ,2 6 7 ,3 0 3
6 ,492 ,0 28
6 ,4 9 4 ,7 0 5
6 ,5 2 5 ,7 3 7
6 ,7 7 0 ,1 1 9
6 ,8 9 2 ,9 3 9
6 ,9 1 2 ,3 3 8
6 ,9 1 7 ,4 6 3
7 ,1 5 8 ,8 9 3
7,2 5 2 ,4 7 0
7 ,3 7 9 ,6 0 5
7 ,4 7 7 ,7 4 2
7 ,5 3 1 ,6 3 5
7 ,6 6 5 ,5 5 3
7 ,6 9 0 ,9 2 1
7 ,9 4 2 ,7 2 9
8 ,1 5 7 ,7 6 0
8 ,2 3 8 ,7 1 2
8 ,4 1 1 ,1 0 0
8 ,5 1 6 ,5 6 9
8 ,5 9 6 ,1 8 1
8 ,9 7 8 ,1 2 2
9 ,1 2 7 ,8 1 8
9 ,3 4 5 ,7 5 9
9 .5 4 8 .18 8
9 ,5 7 7 ,8 4 0
9 ,5 9 6 ,2 1 9
9 .7 0 5 .7 2 4
9 ,7 2 6 ,6 0 0
9 ,8 0 7 ,8 2 3
10 ,0 7 3 ,3 3 0
1 0 ,1 1 4 ,3 5 2
10 ,5 6 0 ,8 5 5
10 ,8 0 8 ,74 2
10 ,8 3 6 ,6 0 5
1 1 .5 0 6 .8 5 7
1 1 ,6 6 1 ,3 7 0
1 1 ,9 7 6 ,7 6 4
1 2 ,2 6 4 ,5 2 1
1 2 ,4 9 2 ,1 7 1
12 .6 8 7,0 6 8
13 ,2 9 2 ,1 6 2
1 3 ,7 3 0 ,0 1 3
1 3 .7 5 1 .7 2 4
13 .8 6 3 .18 8
1 4 ,3 2 9 ,7 3 1
14 ,6 8 2 ,4 9 4
15 ,3 9 3 ,8 1 2
1 5 ,3 9 9 ,3 1 1
1 7 ,5 9 9 ,5 7 6
18 ,1 3 3 ,2 5 0
18 ,2 7 3 ,1 0 2
1 8 ,3 5 6 ,0 5 5
18 .8 9 2 .8 5 8
2 0 ,1 3 0 ,0 3 1
2 0 ,5 8 6 ,5 5 3
2 1 ,1 5 4 ,5 7 1
2 1 ,3 0 3 ,1 0 7
2 2 ,2 0 1,6 2 1
2 2 ,4 5 7 ,5 6 0
2 2 ,6 5 3 ,6 9 3
2 2,92 4,8 9 4
2 3 ,1 9 5 ,7 0 2
2 3 ,3 9 0 ,7 6 7
2 3 ,6 5 0 ,7 9 5
2 5 ,6 3 7 ,0 3 3
2 5 ,7 4 2 ,5 1 0
2 6 ,5 5 2 ,6 2 7
2 7 ,9 9 7 ,5 9 1
2 9 ,1 6 7 ,2 2 7
3 1 ,4 1 5 ,1 5 0
3 1 ,7 9 2 ,8 0 2

■ S ,00 0
I0 0,00

fRnO•
.T
l0 HliO
2 I'

(B a se d o n tlie R e tu rn s o f t h e T e n t h C e n su s.)

1880

iW iN N E l
.

.

TRAV ER SE)

nebr

.UNORGANIZED

KEY
$40,000,000

N o p ro d u c t r e p o r te d _______

Cooperage.

oasn
a
Sasf , d’ o o r s , a n d b l i n d s .
S h ip b u ild in g .
L u m b e r , p la n e d .
S a d d le r y a n d h a rn e ss .
D r u g s a n d c h e m ic a ls .
S ilk a n d s ilk g o o d s —

U n d e r $ 1 5 p e r C a p i t a ______

F is h e r ie s .
P e t r o le u m r e fin in g .
B l a c k s m i t h i n g ..............................................
T in , c o p p e r , a n d s h e e t - ir o n w a r e
T o b a c c o (h ) a n d s n u f f .
P a p e r , n o t s p e c ifie d ...
C ig a r s a n d c ig a r e tte s .
C _r __ „ ____id wagons................
_a r i a g e s a n i 3

Bread and other bakery products

M ix e d te x tile s .
F u r n itu r e
A g r i c u l t u r a l im p le m e n t s .
L e a t h e r , c u r r i e d ......................
P r in t in g a n d p u b lis h in g ..
C a rp e n te r in g .
L iq u o rs , m a lt.
L e a th e r, ta n n e d .
S u g a r a n d m o la s s e s , r e f i n e d .
W o o l e n g o o d s .....................................
B o o t s a n d s h o e s i ...........................
M i n i n g ........................................................
C lo t h in g , m e n ’s.
C o tto n go o d s.
F o u n d ry p ro d u cts j
L u m b e r , s a w e d ..........

$ 1 5 a n d u n d e r $ 2 5 p e r C a p ita —

$90,000,000

$ 0 0 ,0 0
10 ,0 0 0

7 1 ,3 5 1 ,2 9 7
9 0 ,78 9 ,3 4 1
9 4 ,1 5 2 ,1 3 9
10 1 ,0 5 8 ,3 8 5
1 1 3 ,3 4 8 ,3 3 6
1 5 5 ,4 8 4 ,9 1 5
1 6 0 ,6 0 6 ,7 2 1
19 6 ,9 2 0 ,4 8 1
206,275,4 08
2 0 9,548 ,4 60
2 10 ,9 5 0 ,3 8 3
2 14 ,3 7 8 ,4 6 8
2 3 3 ,2 6 8 ,72 9

,

F o r p ia n o s , s e e N o . 74.
*
i
B a s e s c r a p m e ta l, n o t fr o m t h e o re .
R e d u c e d a n d r e fin e d , n o t fr o m t h e o re .
I n c lu d in g r iv e ts .
F o r o r g a n s , s e e N o . 114 .
C a n n e d a n d p re serv e d .
I n c lu d in g re p a ir s .
N o t in c lu d in g e s t a b lis h -

h.
i.
j.
k.
l.

m e n t s o p e r a t e d b y s t e a m r a i lr o a d c o m p a n ie s .
C h e w in g a n d s m o k in g to b a c c o .
I n c lu d in g c u s t o m w o r k a n d r e p a ir in g .
I n c lu d in g m a c h in e - s h o p p ro d u c ts .
I n c lu d in g m e a t - p a c k in g . N o t in c lu d in g r e t a i l
b u tc h e r in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts .
F lo u r in g a n d g r is t- m ill p ro d u c ts .

Total Product, by States, 1880,
Rank I

State.

47 A r i z . .
46 I Wyo. .

45
44
43
42

Id a ,...
N.Mex.
3Iont..
Nev---‘ Dak. ..
Wash.Utah..
Fla... .
A r k -----

M iss...
Oreg. .
D. C. - .
Nebr. .
Ala. . .
C olo...
S .C . - -

N.C. - D el.—
T e x ....

“ VVa._i.......
Kans..
Vt.......

Ga......

Tenn..
Va......
Iowa ..
N.H.
M inn "
Me.

R .I....

Md.
Cal..
Wis.
Ind---Mich
Mo___
Conn. _
N.J—
Ohio ..
Ill.......
Mass.
Pa.......
N.Y. ..

Popula.
40,440 $
6 1 8 ,3 6 5
20,789
8 98,494
3 2 ,6 10
1 ,2 7 1 , 3 1 7
1,2 8 4 ,8 4 6
1 1 9 ,5 6 5
1,8 3 5 ,8 6 7
3 9 ,1 5 9
2 ,1 7 9 ,6 2 6
6 2 ,2 6 6
2 ,3 7 3 ,9 7 0
1 3 5 ,1 7 7
3 ,2 5 0 ,1 3 4
7 5 ,1 1 6
4 ,3 2 4 ,9 9 2
14 3 ,9 6 3
5 ,5 4 6 ,4 4 8
2 6 9,493
6 ,7 5 6 ,1 5 9
8 02,52 5
7 ,5 18 ,3 0 2
1 ,1 3 1 ,5 9 7
10 ,9 3 1 ,2 3 2
17 4 ,7 6 8
1 7 7 ,6 2 4
11 ,8 8 2 ,3 1 6
452,402
12 ,6 2 7 ,3 3 6
13 ,5 6 5 ,5 0 4
1,2 6 2 ,5 0 5
1 4 ,2 6 0 ,1 5 9
19 4 ,3 2 7
16 ,73 8 ,0 0 8
9 9 5 ,5 7 7
20,09 5,037
1,3 9 9 ,7 5 0
2 0 ,5 14 ,4 3 8
146,608
2 0 ,7 19 ,9 2 8
1 ,5 9 1 ,7 4 9
2 2 ,8 6 7 ,12 6
6 1 8 ,4 5 7
2 4 ,2 0 5 ,18 3
939 ,9 46
3 0 ,8 4 3 ,7 7 7
99 6,09 6
3 1 ,3 5 4 ,3 6 6
3 3 2 ,2 8 6
36,440,948
1,5 4 2 ,1 8 0
37,0 74 ,8 8 6
1,5 4 2 ,3 5 9
5 1 ,7 8 0 ,9 9 2
1 ,5 1 2 ,5 6 5
7 1 ,0 4 5 ,9 2 6
1,6 2 4 ,6 1 5
73,978 ,0 28
3 4 6 ,9 9 1
75 ,4 8 3 ,3 7 7
1,6 4 8 ,6 9 0
7 6 ,0 6 5 ,19 8
78 0 ,773
79 ,8 2 9 ,79 3
648 ,936
10 4 ,1 6 3 ,6 2 1
2 7 6 ,5 3 1
10 6 ,7 8 0 ,56 3
934 ,9 4 3
1 1 6 ,2 1 8 ,9 7 3
864,694
12 8 ,2 55 ,4 8 0
1 ,3 1 5 ,4 9 7
14 8 ,0 0 6 ,4 11
1 ,9 7 8 ,3 0 1
1 5 0 ,7 1 5 ,0 2 5
1,6 3 6 ,9 3 7
16 5 ,3 8 6 ,2 0 5
2 ,16 8 ,3 8 0
1 8 5 ,6 9 7 ,2 1 1
62 2 ,70 0
254,38 0,2 36
1 ,1 3 1 ,1 1 6
348 ,29 8,390
3 ,19 8 ,0 6 2
4 1 4 ,8 6 4 ,6 7 3
3 .0 7 7 .8 7 1
6 3 1 ,1 3 5 ,2 8 4
1.7 8 3 ,0 8 5
7 4 4 ,8 18 ,4 4 5
4 ,2 8 2 ,8 9 1
5.0 8 2 .8 7 1 1.0 8 0 ,6 9 6 ,59 6

„ $0 „
20

$ 2 0 0 p e r C a p ita and ov er,

In d ia n R e s e r v a t io n s --------

IN D E X .
o.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

„ $ 0„
10

$100,,

3 0 3 ,5 6 2 ,4 13

S la u g h te r in g k .
F lo u r in g l.

1

4 1 ,0 3 3 ,0 4 5
4 1 ,0 6 3 ,0 6 3
4 3,0 4 6 ,0 53
4 3 ,7 0 5 ,2 18
4 3 ,7 7 4 ,2 7 1
48 ,0 96,038
5 2 ,7 9 3 ,0 5 6
6 5 ,0 1 9 ,9 1 4
6 3 ,9 7 9 ,5 7 5
6 4 ,9 5 1 ,6 1 7
6 5 ,8 2 4 ,8 9 6
6 6 ,2 2 1 ,7 0 3
68,0 37,90 2

- M

S C A L E :

I S0 0,00
i ,000
$0 0,00
2,00 0
$30,000,000
$40,000,000

C

A la . .
A r iz ..
A r k ...
C a l. ..
C o lo .
Conn.
D ak.
D e l. .
D .C .
F la . ..
G a ....
I d a ...
111. . . .
I n d ...
Io w a
K an s.

.3 2
.4 7
.3 7
.1 2
31
. 7
.4 1
.2 8
.3 4
.38
.2 2
.4 5
. 4
.1C
.11!
.2 4

IN D E X .
K y ____ 17
L a . ___ 25
M e ____ 1 5
M d ____ 13
M ass. . 3
M ic h . . 9
M in n . .1 6
M i s s . .3 6
M o ... . 8
M o n t . .4 3
N e b r . .3 3
N e v . . - .4 2
N .H . ..1 8
N . J ------6

N.MexAl
N .Y . . .

N . C . _ 29
_
O h io . . 5
O r e g .. 35
P a --------2
R . I . . - .1 4
S . C . . .3 0
T e n n . .2 1
T e x . . . . 27

U tah..39

V t --------2 3
V a ..........20
ir a .s h .- 4 0
W . Y a .- 2 6
W i s . . . . 11
W y o .. A G

1

$60,000,000
$70,000,000
$80,000,000
$90,000,000
$ 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

A g r i c u l . I m p l e m . 17 F o u n d r y P r o d . . .
5 P l a t e d - w a r e ............ 92
B a g s .................................. 84 F r a m e s ...................... 8 6, P l u m b i n g ..................... 62
B e l t i n g ....................... 109 F r u i t .................................6 3 P r i n t i n g .......................1 5
B l a c k s m i t h i n g . . 2 6 F u r n i s h i n g g o o d s 7 7 P u b l i s h i n g ............. 1 5
B o o k b i n d i n g ____ 7 5 F u r n i t u r e . . - .8 3 , 18 Q u a r r y i n g ................ 60
B o o t s ...........10 0 , 8 5 , 0 F u r s .................................. 9 5 R e f i n i n g 9 4 , 50 , 2 7 , 1 1
B o x e s ........................99 , 72 G a s - f i t t i n g
R o o t i n g ........................ 1 1 3
B l a n k b o o k s ---------- 7 5 G l a s s ................................. 5 6 R u b b e r .................69 , 8 5
B r a s s ......................... 79 , 67 G l o v e s ........................... 10 2 S a d d l e r y ....................... 3 2
B r e a d ............................ 20 G o l d S a s h ..................................3 5
B r i c k .................................3 8 G r e a s e .............................70 S e w i n g - m a c h i n e . 6 8
B r i d g e s ........................... 9 1 H a r d w a r e ................62 S h e e t - i r o n w a r e . 2 5
B r i t a n n i a ......................92 H a r n e s s ......................... 3 2 S H i p b u i l d i n g . . . . 3 4
B r o o m s ........................... 80 H a t s .................................. 6 5 S h i r t s .............................. 58
B r u s h e s ........................8 0 H o s e ........................... 109 S p i k e s ........................... 1 2 1
B u t t e r ............................. 46 H o s i e r y ....................... 4 3 S h o e s .......... 1 0 0 ,8 5 , 9
C a n e s .............................10 5 I r o n , 1 2 1 , 1 1 1 , 8 2, 7 1 , 3 S i l k ....................................3 0
C a n n e d f r u i t -------- 6 3 , e w e l r y . .................... 5 4 S i l v e r ............................ 88
J
C a p s ...................................5 5 K n i t g o o d s ............. 4 3 S l a u g h t e r i n g -----2
C a rp e n te r in g —
14 L a c e g o o d s ...............8 7 S m e l t i n g ...................... 94
C a r p e t s ...........................4 1 L a r d .................................. 5 0 S o a p ..................................4 5
C a r r i a g e s ...............8 1 , 2 1 L e a d ..................... . . . 1 2 2 S p i c e s ............................. 5 1
C a r s ....................................44 L e a t h e r , 1 0 9 ,6 4 ,1 6 , 12 S p r i n g b e d s ...........124
C a n d l e s ....................... 4 5 L i m e ............................... 1 1 8 S t a r c h ...........................101
C e m e n t ........................ 1 1 8 L i q u o r .................. 2 9 , 1 3 S t a t i o n e r y g o o d s 1 1 6
C h e e s e ............................46
o g r a p h s ...........10 6 S t e a m - f i t t i n g ------12 7
C h e m i c a l s .................. 3 1 L u m b e r ..............3 3 ,
4 S t e e l .............................. 3
C i g a r s .............................. 2 2 M a c h i n e - s h o p P .
5 S to n e -w a re
C i g a r e t t e s ..................22 M a l t . — . . . . . * — - 6 1 S t o n e - w o r k ................. 42
C l o t h i n g .................40, 7 M a r b l e - w o r k . . . . 4 2 S t r a w g o o d s ...............8 9
C o f f e e .............................. 5 1 M a s o n r y .......................6 7 S u g a r ............................... 1 1
C o f f i n s ........................
9 6 M a t t r e s s e s ...............124 T a l l o w .............................7 0
C o k e ............................... 1 2 3 M e a t - p a c k i n g . . .
2 T a r ...................................1 1 7
C o n f e c t i o n s ................ 47 M i l l i n e r y .......................8 7 T i l e ................................... 3 8
C o o p e r a g e -------------36 M i n i n g ........................
8 T i n w a r e ........................ 2 5
C o p p e r ...................6 7 , 25 M i t t e n s ........................102 T o b a c c o ..................2 4 , 2 2
C o r d a g e ...........—
73 M i x e d t e x t i l e s . . . 1 9 T r u n k s ......................... 103
C o r s e t s .........................1 1 0 ! M o l a s s e s .................... 1 1 T u r p e n t i n e ..............1 1 7
C o t t o n g o o d s -----6 M u s i c a l i n s t . . 1 1 4 , 7 4 T w i n e ..............................7 3
C u t l e r y ........................... 7 6 N a i l s ................................1 2 1 U m b r e l l a s ............... 10 5
D o o r s .............................. *35 O i l ..............................98 , 6 5 U p h o l s t e r i n g . . . 1 0 4
D r u g s .............................3 1 O l e o m a r g a r i n e . .1 0 7 V a r n i s h ....................... 12 0
D y e i n g ............................3 9 O r g a n s ..........................1 1 4 V e g e t a b l e s ............... 6 3
D y e - s t u f f s ...................12 5 P a i n t i n g ....................... 5 3 W a g o n s .................8 1 , 2 1
E a r t h e n w a r e . . . 9 7 P a i n t s .......................... 49 W h e e l w r i g h t i n g 6 9
E d g e t o o l s ....................76 P a p e r ....................1 1 2 , 23 W i r e .......................... 90, 78
E x t r a c t s .................... 12 5 P a p e r h a n g i n g . . 5 3 W o o d ............................. 108
F e r t i l i z e r s ..................48 P a t e n t m e d i c i n e 66 W o o d e n w a r e _ _ 12 6
_
F i r e - a r m s ...................1 1 9 P e t r o l e u m ................2 7 W o o l h a t s .................. 9 3
F is h e r ie s —
P h o to g ra p h s —
1 1 5 W o o l e n g o o d s . . . 10
F l o u r ....................
P i a n o s .............................7 4 W o r s t e d g o o d s . . 3 7

$ 0 ,0 0 0
2 0 0 ,0 0

Product, per Capita, by States, 1880,
U n s e ttle d p a rts ________

G a lv e st o n

Hn S
a k tate.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
1
1
III
9
8
7
6
6
4
3
2
1

Per
C
apita.

Miss. . $ 6 64
Ark. ..
8 42
Ala---- ,10 74
N.Mex 10 75
Tex. .. 13 02
N.C. A riz. .
S.C. . .
D a k...
F la ....
Ga......
Tenn..
La-----Nebr. .
Utah..
Kans..
Va......
Nev. ..
W. Va.
Ida. ..
Wyo. . 43 22
Wash.- 43 27
Iowa ..
Mont. Oreg. .
D.C. ..
Colo...
Ind—
Mo. . . .
Mich. .
Vt-----Minn..
W is . . .

Ohio ..
Md. . . .
Me. . . .
Cal. .. .
Ill.......
Del. . .
Pa-----N.Y. ..
N .H ...
N.J---Conn..
Mass. .
R .I ... .

>er Capita.

-

f a g

IN D E X .

A l a . . .4 5 K y . . . . 2 4 N . C .
A r i z . . A \ L a ........... 35 O h i o
A r k . . .4 6 M e ------- 11 O r e g .
C a l ____10 M d ____ 12 P a .
C o lo . ..2 0 M a s s . . 2 R .T . .
C o n n . . 3 M i c h . .1 7 S . C .
D a k . ..3 9 M i n n . .1 5 T e n n
D e l ------ 8 M i s s . . . 4 7
T e x ..
D . C . - .2 1 M o . . . . 1 8 U t a h
F l a ____38! M o n t . .22 V t . . .
G a .......... 37! N e b r . -34 V a —
I d a . . . 2 8 N e v ------3C W a s h
11 1 ............ 9 N . H . . . 5 W . V a
I n d ------ 1 9 N . J —
4 W is .
I o w a ..2 5 \ N .M e x .4 4 W y o .
K a n s . .3 2 N . Y . . . 6

.4 2
.1 3
.2 2
- 7
- 1
.4 0
.3 6
.4 3
.3 3
.1 6
.3 1
.-2 6
.2 9
.1 4
.2 7

BY STATES,

M
iNiN
wilrtr*. .

E x p l a n a t o r y . — The census rep ort states that
th e totals, upon w h ich these t w o m aps and state
charts are based, “ include every establishm ent o f
m echanical o r m anufacturing industry returned at
the tenth census as having had during the census
year a prod u ct o f five hundred dollars o r m ore in
value, excep t fishery products, quartz-milling, petro­
leum refining, and th e m anufacture o f g a s.’*

$0
10

74 82
92 07
94 36
97 42
97 50
108 91
114 21
123 02
134 40
134 79
139 93
173 91
212 62
213 20
224 89
298 21
353 90
376 63

H'MZX.

$300

$ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$400,
$ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

_L _

COPYRIGHT. 1883. BY CHARLES SC R IB N ER ’S SONS.

$600,

$ 7 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 9 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$3 50

$375

IM
Z^A-ZTsTTriEr^A-OT T J R E S

P late 119

FLOURING AND GRIST-MILLS

V A LU E OF PRODUCT, P E R CAPIT A,

(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Product per Capita.

Total Bushels Ground.
25,000,000 bushels
50,000,000

Bushels.

Grain.

1 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
75,000,000

2 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

125,000,000

150,000,000

175,000,000

3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

225,000,000 250,000,000 275,000,000

304,775,737
Other grain............. 234,907,220

Total Product.
R an k

41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34

$,00 0
2 0,00

S t a te .

Wyo. _.
Wash.A r iz ..
F la .. .
N e v ...
Mont..
!La.. ..
Ida. ..
N .M ex
D a k ...
iR.I----D .C . ..
Del. ..
| ta h ..
U
Miss. .
A r k ...
Colo. .
N .H ...
Conn..

V t_
_

Ore*?..
S.C.
25 IW .Va.
Me.
N ebr..
Ala. ..
N.C. ..
T e x .. .
M d ....
N.J. ..
M ass..
K y ... .
G a___
Tenn..
Kans..
V a ....
Cal. ..
Iow a.M ich ..
W is ...
Ind. . .
M o ....
O h io..
Minn..
P a ....
I l l ............

N .Y ...

INDEX.
SCALE:

$

4,790
114,086
165,357
337,780
405,089
475,467
489,848
520,986
529,171
1,040,958
1,137,990
1,172,375
1,341,026
1,364,619
1,762,523
2,249,289
2,534,644
2,542,784
2,964,134
3,038,688
3,475,531
3.779,470
3:942,818
3,966,023
4,193,086
4,315,174
6,462.806
7,617,177
7,954,004
8,459,944
8,774.049
9,604,147
9,793,898
10,784,804
11,858,022
12,210,272
12,701,477
19,089,401
23,546,875
27.639.430
29,591,397
32,438,831
38,950,264
41,519,004
41,522,662
47,471,558
40,331,984

1825.

$4,000,000

$,00 0
6 0,00
$,00 0
8 0,00
$ ,0 0 0
10 0 ,0 0
$2 0,00
1,00 0
$14,000,,0
0
0
$16,,0 ,0
00
00
$18,000,000

$ 0 0 ,0 0
2 ,0 0 0
$2 0,00
2,00 0
$24,000,000
$26,000,000

Ala. . .22 M o ... - 6
A riz. .45 Mont .42
A rk .. .32 N ebr .23
Cal. . .11 N ev.. .43
Colo. .31 N.H.. .30
Conn -29 N.J. . .18
D a k. . .38 N.M ex 39
Del. . .35 N .Y .. . 1
D. C . . .36 N.O.. .21
Fla. . .44 Ohio. . 5
G a ... .15 Oreg. .27
Ida. . .40 Ha. . 3
111.... 2 R .I ... .37
ind. . 7 S.C.. .26
Iowa. .10 Tenn. .14
Kans. .13 T e x .. .20
K y ... .1(1 Utah. .34
L a ... -41iVt.. . .28
M e ... .24 Va, .12
M d ... 19 Wash -46
Mass. 17 W Va .25
Mich. 9 Wis . 8
Minn. 4 Wyo. .47
Miss. .33

Export of Wheat Flour, 1860-1880.

$28,000,000

(Based o n the R eports o f the T reasury Departm ent.)

$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$,00 0
2 0,00

$32,000,000
1860 $15, 448,507
1861 24,,645,849
1862 27, 534,677
1863 28,,366,069
1864 25.,588,249
1865 27.,507,084
1886 18.,396,686
1867 12.,803,775
1868 20.,887,798
1869 18,,813,865
1870 21,,169,593
1871 24,,093,184
1872 17,,955,684
1873 19,,381,664
1874 29, 258,094
1875 23. 712,440
1876 24,433,470
1877
663,947
1878 25,i
,095,721
1879 29,.
,567,713
5.
1880 &
,19'

$34,000,000
$36,000,000
$38,000,000

$ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$42,000,000
$44,000,000
$46,000,000
$48,000,000

$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

2
1

$ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

-

PRICE CH A RT OF W ESTERN FLOUR FOR 56 YEARS.

1880.

Lowest and Highest Prices per Barrel in New York.
(Based on the accom panying tab le o f prices.)
'66 ’67 i ’68 ’ 9 (1 8 7 0 ) T

7 2 7 3 ’ 74 ’ 7 5 ’ 76 !?77 >78 p ( I S 8 0

Lowest and Highest Prices of Western Flour, per Barrel,
in New York,

$
10

( F r o m “ T h e A m e r i c a n A l m a n a c a n d T r e a s u r y o f F a c t s , ” 18 8 1.)
Y e a r L o w e s t j H ig h e s t Y e a r L o w e s t H ig h e st Y e a r L o w e s t

18 3 2
18 3 3
18 3 4
18 3 5
18 3 6
18 3 7
18 38
18 39

mo

Highest

'2 8 1 ’9 ( 18 3 0 )T 1’3 2 1’3 3 ’3 4 1’3 5 j ’3 6 1’3 7 1’3 8 1’9 (1 8 4 0 ) ,1 ’ 4 2 ‘% 3 ’44 ’45 ’46 ’47 >48 W 8 5 ( ) W
1

'’5 2 ’53 ’*54^ 55 ’5 6 ’57 ’58 ’ 9 (18 0 0 ) T ’62 ’6 3 1 64 ’65 ’66 ’6 7 | ’68 ~ 9 ( i8 7 0 Y ’l 7 2 ’ 73 ’74 7 5 7 6 7 7

SCALE.—E ach space b etw een the price lines represents tw en ty cents.

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C H A R LES SC R IB N E R ’S SONS.

’78 >9(1880

18 41
18 -12
18 4 3

$3
4
4
4
5
4
5
5
5
4
5
6

25
25
37
56
00
75
00
60
50
81
37

K7
7 00
7 00
5 75
4 62
4 68
4 25
4 43

$4

18 4 4
18 4 5
18 16
18 4 7
8 7 18 4 8
6 00 1 8 4 9
7 2 5 18 5 0
7 00 1 8 5 1
6 50 18 5 2
5 7 5 18 5 3
7 8 7 18 5 4
10 2 5 18 55
1 1 62 18 5 6
9 00 18 5 7
9 12 18 58
25
5 75
6 50
8 (X)

8

6 50
7 50
6 37
5 62

18 59
18 6 0
18 6 1
18 62

4
4
4
4

2 5 $ 5 00
31
7 00
00
6 00
8 25
56
25
6 62
93
6 12
93
6 25
5 32
00
25
00
87
7 50

7
7
5
4
3
4
4

25
50
20
25
75
00
25

$4
4
4
5
5

4

3

18 6 3
18 6 4
18 6 5
18 6 6

18 6 7
18 6 8
18 6 9
18V0
18 71
18 7 2
10 7 5 18 73
1 0 1 8 18 7 4
8 3 1 18 7 5
6 70 18 7 6
5 2 5 18 77
6 50 18 78
5 50 18 79

6

90
4 20l

5 6 5 18 8 0
5 85

$5
7
5
5
6
5
4
4
4
5
4
4
4
4
4

3
3

3

10
15
00
25
25
50
95
50
60
25
62
25
00
00
75
75
60
75

H ig h e s t
1 00
1m

18 25
18 2 6
18 2 7
1828
18 29
1S 3 0
18 31

00
11 75
8 80
1 1 70
1 1 30
9 75
6 40
6 05
7 00
6 80
7 25
7 00
6 50
6 00
8 00
5 50
6 40
5 75

n v r ^ n s r x j^ ^ O T T J R E S

P late

120

V A LU E OF PRODUCT, PER C APIT A,

IRON AND S TE E L
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Product per Capita.
P.*r
Rank State. Capita

32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Tex. .
N .C ...
D .C ...
N ebr..
O reg..
G a ....
M e ....
Cal. ..
Kans..
A la ...
C o lo ..
V t ....
Tenn.Del. . .
Va___
R .I ....
M o___
N.1I...
I n d ...
Mich..
K y .--Conn.N .Y ...
Md. ..
W is...
M ass..
Ill.......
n .j . ..
W .V a.
O h io..
Wyo. .
Pa.. ..

SC A LE:
$1 per capita.

SO 02
03
06
18
44
64
89
92
1 00
1 15
1 16
1 18
1 47
1 60
1 70
1 76
2 10
2 29
2 30
2 80
3 02
3 29
4 37
4 78
5 00
S 77
6 67

I INDEX.
A la. . .23 Nebr. 29
C a l .. .25 N .H .. 15
Colo. .22 N .J .. 5
Conn. .11 N .Y .. 10
Del. . .19 N.C’.. .31
D .C .. .30 Ohio. 3
Ga .. .27 Oreg. 28
111. .. . 6 P a ...
1
Ind. . .14 R. I.. 17
Kans. .24 Tenn. 20
K y ... .12 T e x .. 32
M e ... .26 V t ... 21
M d ... . 9 V a ... 18
Mass. . 7 W .V a . 4
Mich .13 W i s .. 8
2
M o ... .16 Wyo.

UA.
TH

KEY
N o p r o d u c t r e p o r t e d -----------

U n d e r $ 1 p e r C a p i t a ------------

$1 a n d u n d e r $2 p e r C a p ita .

$15

$25

$30
$ 20 a n d o v e r , p e r C a p i t a ------ 1

A3 99

180trt$22O

Total Product.

x-— ®£INDEX
A la .. .18 Nebr. 2 8
Cal. . . 2 2 N .H ., 2 1
Colo. . 2 7 N.J. . 5
Conn -17 N .Y .. 3
Del. . . 1 5 N.C.. 3 0
D.C'.. .32 Ohio. 2
G a ... . 2 0 Oreg. . 2 9
1 1 1 . ..
4 P a ... 1
Ind. . .12 R .I.~ . 2 5
Kans - 1 « Tenn. - 1 6
K y ... 9 T e x .. 3 1
M e... .23 V t . .. . 2 6
Md. . .13 V a ... 1-1
Mass. . 6 W .V a . 8
Mich. . 1 1 W is.. 7
Mo. . . 1 0 Wyo. . 2 4

SC A LE:

ooo,ooo

$0 0,00
1 ,00 0
$18,000,000

$0 0
2 ,0 0

Lowest and Highest Prices of Bar Iron, per Ton, in New York.
( F r o m “ T h e A m e r i c a n A l m a n a c a n d T r e a s u r y o f F a c t s , ” 18 8 1.)
Y ear

L o w e s t.

18 2 5 $ 8 5
18 ^ 6
85
18 27
77
18 2 8
77
1829
72
18 3 0
72
70
18 31
18 32
70
18 3 3
71
18 34
67
18 3 5
67
18 3 6
75
85
18 3 7
18 38
85
82
18 39
70
1X 41
60
18 4 2
50
55
18 43

isto

H ig h e s t.

00 $ 1 2 0 00
00 1 0 0 (X)
9 5 00
00
82 50
50
82 50
50
50
50
00
8 0 (X)
00
7 5 (X)
00
7 5 00
00
7 5 00
7 5 00
50
(X) 1 0 5 00
(X) 1 0 5 (X)
(X)
97 50
50
9 5 00
(X)
8 2 50
00
7 5 (X)
(X)
62 50

77

00

60 00

Year

L o w e s t.

H ig h e st.

1 8 4 4 $ 5 7 5 0 $ 0 5 00
18 4 5
8 5 00
6^ 50
18 4 6
8 0 00
7 5 00
18 4 7
70 00
7 7 50
18 4 8
5 0 (X)
7 0 00
1849
5 5 00
4 0 00
4 5 00
40 00
18 51
3 3 50
4 1 (X)
18 52
3 4 00
5 5 00
18 5 3
5 5 00
7 5 00
18 54
62 50
7 7 50
18 55
5 5 00
6 5 (X)
18 56
50 00
65 00
5 2 00
62 50
18 57
18 58
4 4 00
5 5 00
18 59
4 2 5(J
5 0 00
4 1 00
4 4 00
18 6 1
3 8 (XJ
5 0 (X)
18 6 2
50 00
7 0 00

is;o

lM
IO

Year

L o w e s t.

H ig h e s t.

18 6 3 $ 0 5 00 $ 76 00
18 6 4
1 0 5 00 2 2 0 00
18 6 5 10 0 00
1 3 0 00
18 0 6
9 4 00 1 1 5 00
18 6 7
8 0 0 0 1 0 0 00
IS *
80 00
9 5 00
1869
9 5 00
8 5 0(1
18 70
9 0 00
7 0 (X)
18 71
7 0 (X)
9 5 00
18 72
8 5 00 12 0 00
18 73
7 5 (X) 1 1 0 8 0
18 74
5 5 00
8 0 00
18 75
5 0 (XI
6 2 50
18 76
5 4 00
4 0 (X)
4 4 80
18 77
48 72
18 7 8
4 2 50
4 5 00
18 79
4 5 00
7 8 50
50 00
8 5 00
18 8 0

Export of Iron and Steel and Manufactures of, 1860 to 1880.
(Based on the Rei>orts o f the Treasury Departm ent.)
SC A LE:
Year

V a lu e .

18 6 0 $ 5 , 7 1 3 , 0 0 0
18 61
5 ,9 3 2 ,5 8 7
18 6 2
4 ,5 6 3 ,2 0 1
18 0 3
6 ,4 7 5 ,2 7 9
18 6 4
6 ,2 2 0 ,4 5 8
1811.7
8 ,7 8 0 ; 7 S 5
18 6 6
3 ,7 5 9 ,5 5 4
18 6 7
18 6 8
18 6 9
1S 7 0
18 7 1
1X 72
18 73
18 7 4
18 75
18 7 6
18 77
18 78
1« 79
18 8 0

$,00 0
2 0,00
$4,000,000
,$,00 0
6 0,00
$,00 0 0 ,0 0
8 0100 0 0
$,0,0
$2$14,000,000
1,00 0
0,00

$16,000,000
$18,000,000

$ 0 0 ,0 0
2 ,0 0 0

7 ,5 1 2 ,2 0 0
9 ,0 5 8 ,8 0 8
8 ,7 2 2 , 3 6 7
1 1 ,0 0 2 , 9 0 2
8 ,7 4 7 ,1 0 6
1 1 ,1 1 9 ,8 3 1
1 3 .1 8 0 , 6 5 4
1 7 ,3 8 5 ,7 3 8
1 3 ,4 5 4 ,5 1 4
1 4 ,4 0 8 ,0 3 9
1 3 ,9 6 9 ,2 7 5
1 3 .0 7 4 ,2 3 5
1 2 ,6 0 5 ,5 7 5

Net Import of Iron and Steel and Manufactures of, 1840 to 1880,
(Based on the R eports o f the Treasury Departm ent.)
SC A LE:
82,000,000

510,000,000
$ 12 ,000,000

$14,000,000
$ 10 , 000,000

$18,000,000

$ 0 0 ,0 0
2 ,0 0 0

$ 22 ,000,000
$24,000,000
$20 ,000 ,

,00
0
000
0.00

Lowest and Highest Prices of Scotch Pig Iron, per Ton, in New York.
(F r o m “ T h e A m e r ic a n A lm a n a c a n d T r e a s u r y o f F a c ts ,”
Y ear

$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
I

$ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C H A R LES SC R IB N ER 'S SONS.

L o w e s t.

H ig h e st

Y ear

L o w e s t.

1 8 2 5 $ 3 5 0 0 $ 7 5 (X) 1 8 3 9 $ 3 7
32
18 2 6
50 00
7 0 00 1S40
32
18 27
50 00
5 5 0 0 1811
23
18 28
5 5 00 1 8 4 2
5 0 00
18 2 9
22
40 00
5 5 0 0 18 -13
30
18 3 0
40 00
5 0 00 18 4 4
18 31
30
40 00
4 7 5 0 18 -15
35
18 32
40 00
4 7 5 0 18 4 6
18 33
30
3 7 50
4 7 50 18 4 7
18 3 4
25
37 50
4 8 00 181.x
3 8 00
18 3 5
22
42 50 18 19
21
18 3 6
38 00
6 2 5 0 18 5 0
19
1X 3 7
40 00
7 0 (X) 1 8 5 1
18 3 8
19
3 7 50
5 5 00 18 52

H ig h e s t .

50 $ 4 5 00
5(J
4 0 (X)
(X)
3 7 50
50
3 5 00
50
3 2 00
00
3 5 00
(X)
5 2 50
00
4 2 50
00
4 2 50
(X)
3 7 50
50
2 7 50
00
2 4 00
(X)
2 5 00
00

31

00

Y ear

L o w e s t.

18 5 3 $
18 54
18 55
18 56

28
32

18 57
18 58
1 S 5 !I
1SUU

28
22
22
20
20
21
32
43
40
42

18 6 1
18 6 2
18 6 3
18 64
18 65
18 66

26
29

H ig h e s t .

50 $
(X)
50
00
(X)
(X)
00
50
00
00
50
00
00
00

8 8 00
4 2 50
87
37
37
27
31
27
24
33
45
80
55
55

00
00
50
00
50
00
50
00
(X)
00

Year

18 8 L )
L o w e s t.

18 6 7 $ 3 8
18 68
85
18 69
34
M il
31
30
18 71
18 7 2
33
18 7 8
18 7 4
18 75
18 76

00

18 77
18 78
18 79

00

18 S 0

H ig h e st.

00 $ 4 9 00
00
45 75
4 5 00
50
(X)
3 7 00
00
3 9 00
50
6 1 00
00
5 2 00
37
3 3 (X)
4 5 00
4 1 00
2 9 00
3 4 00
2 7 50
2 5 (X)
2 8 00
2 1 50
26 50
30 50
1 9 00
3 5 00
2 1 00

M

P l a t e 121

A I S T U P A C T U R E S

IRON ROLLING-MILLS.
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Product per Capita.
Rank
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

S ta te .

Per
Capita.

sc a le

:

> MDX
---^ N E

$1 per Capita.

A l a .. .29 M o ... .24
Cal.. .20 Nebr. .26
Colo. .17iN.H.. .19
Conn -15 N .J .. 7
Del. . . 2 N .Y .. 14
D C . . .28 Ohio. 5
G a ... .25 P a ... 3
i n . .. .12 R.T. . 13
Ind. . .11 Tenn. -23
Kalis. -lfc V t.. . 27
Kv. ..10 Y a ... 16
M e ... .22 W .V a 4
Md. - . 8 W is.. 9
Mass. 6 Wyo. 1
Mich. .21

A l a ... $ .037
.061
n .c ...
v t . ...
.180
N ebr..
.181
Ga___
.315
M o ....
.589
Tenn..798
M e ....
.805
M ich ..
.883
.902
Cal. ..
N .H ...
.971
Ivans.- 1.008
C o lo .. 1.157
Ya—
1.313
Conn.. 1.529
N .Y ... 1.711
R .I___ 1.764
111....... 1.931
Ind. .. 2.067
K y .... 2.309
W is... 2.496
Md. .. 2.727
N.J. .. 4.028
Mass.. 4.359
O h io .. 4.767
W .V a. 7.151
P a .. . . 14.626
Del. .. 10.009
Wyo... 23.634

p r o d u c t r e p o r t e d ------

U n d e r $1 p e r C a p ita _ _
_

$1 a n d u n d e r $2 p e r C a p ita .

$2

»

»»

$5

»>

$5

»

»».

»

$ 10 »

...

$ 10 »

..

$ 15 »

...

$ 1 5 >.

.»

$20 »

...

$ 20 a n d o v e r , p e r C a p i t a . . . I

Selected Products.
Ton?

P rod u ct

R ank

14
13

1
2
1
1
1
0
8
6
5

Total Product.

9

R an k

jr — -essstlNDEX.

V a lu e .

S t a te .

sc a le

29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

D .C ... $
A l a ...
V t. . . .
N e b r ..

C o lo ..
N .H .--

G a___
R .I—
Wyo. .
M e ....
Cal. ..
Conn..
Kans..
Tenn..
M o ....
M ich..
V a . ...
Del. ..
M d ....
W is ...
K y ....
Ind. ..
W .V a.

9
8
7
6 N .J . ..
5 Ill.......
4 M ass..
3 N .Y ...
2 Ohio. .
1 P a ....

10,970
47,500
60,000
82,000
226,000
337,140
486,760
488,040
491,345
522,953
780,000
952,457
1,004,100
1,232,150
1,278,513
1,446,551
1,986,410
2,347,177
2,550,051
3,284,556
3,807,627
4,090,868
4,422,936
4,556,765
5,944,059
7,773,058
8,697,446
15,247,770
62,644,366

;

$,00 0
2 0,00
$4,000,000

$,00 0
6 0,00
$,00 0
8 0,00

7

A l a .. .28 M o ... .15
Cal. . .19 Nebr. .26
Colo. .25 N .H .. .24
Conn -18 N.J. . 6
Del. . .12 N .Y .. 3
V . C .. .29 Ohio. 2
G a— 23 P a ... 1
i n . . . 5 R .I.. 22
Ind. . 8 Tenn. .16
Kans. .17 V t . .. 27
K y ... 9 V a ... 13
M e... 20 W .V a 7
M d .. .11 W is.. 10
Mass. 4 Wyo.. .21
Mich. .14

$ ,0 0 0
10 0 ,0 0

V a lu e

SCALE:

2,630 $
3,703

17
16
15

8
2
4

i B a r -ir o n ,/.........................................................................

21,884
64,469
48,345
96,810
94,749
82,358
96,843
89,560
128,321
94,992
145,626
252,830
466,917
663,211

179,154
294,010
1,398,112
1,600,104
2,440,941
2,867,872
5,520,719
5,688,863
5,974,405
6,069,484
6,501,298
7,910,409
8,473,642
9,303,133
16,295,300
20,978,697
35,302,431

00 0
0 ,0 0

$ 0 0 ,0 0
2 ,0 0 0

BSE ■
! ■

a. This is only the quantity o f iron ham mered in forges connected with rolling-mills.
b. This is only the car-axles ham m ered in forges attached to rolling-mills.
c. Fish plates, &c.
d. Horse-shoes, railroad spikes, w ire, &c.
e. Skelp-iron is used fo r w rought-iron tubes and pipes. These quantities and values
d o n ot include finished pipe m ade in the sam e w orks, w hich finished pipe is em braced in
“ Unclassified Finished P rod u cts.”
/ . These quantities and values include only bar-iron and rod-iron sold in the form o f
rod s and bars. T hey d o n ot include bar-iron and rod-iron w orked into spikes and other
finished form s b y the sam e establishments, which quantities and values are fou n d under
the head o f “ Unclassified Finished P rodu cts.”
g. The tons o f cu t nails here given can b e reduced t o kegs b y m ultiplying b y 20. (A
k eg o f cut-nails weighing 100 pounds.)

$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

V A L U E OF PRODUCT, PER CAPIT A,

BLAST FURNACES.

A 'i C 'X - ,

^ • /g 'Si.

(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

nebr

COLO.

.

by States,

1880. ^

IOWA.

KANS.

Product per Capita.
TENN.

U n d er $1 p er

$1

Selected Products.

Total Product,
Rank
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

S ta te .

V a lu e .

V t. . . . $
24,800
36,000
T e x ...
60,375
M e ....
78,393
lOreg..
312,810
Mass..
440,695
V a . ...
460,535
Ind. ..
466,890
G a ....
■Conn.644,911
840,022
Tenn.K y .... 1,248,652
A la ... 1,405,356
W .V a. 1,631,096
Md. .. 1,700,339
Mo. .. 2,275,017
2,391,850
h i. . . .
M ich.. 3,145,062
W is... 3,295,835
N .J ... 3,428,747
N .Y ... 6,816,241
O h io .. 13.038,193
P a ... . 45,573,750

■<m\NDEX.
A l a .. .11 N.J. . 4
Conn. .14 N .Y .. 3
G a ... .15 Ohio. 2
i n . . . - 7 Oreg. .19
Ind. . .16 P a ... 1
K y ... .12 Tenn. .18
M e ... .20 T e x .. .21
M d ... 9 v t ,... .22
Mass. .18 V a ... -17
Mich. . 6 W .Va .10
M.O... . 8 W is .. . 5

$ 0 0 ,0 0
2 ,0 0 0
$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO NS.

sc a le

:

and under

nVC^A-UsrUJIF'^A-OT U B E S

P late 1 2 2
V A LU E OF PRODUCT, PER CAPIT A,

BESSEMER AND OPEN-HEARTH STEEL WORKS.
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Product per Capita,
Rank

2

#4
•5

KEY

$
6

.9 2 5
•

944

\.221

N o p r o d u c t r e p o r t e d ______

$
?

1 .3 5 5
2 .0 6 2
3 .9 6 2

1 1 1. . . . .

1 Pa. ...1

$2

.0 1 5
.0 8 8
.1 6 2
.4 1 8
.4 7 2

N .J . . .

7 Vt. . . .
6 N .Y ...
5 M ass..
4 N .1I...
3 Ohio. .
1
1

$1 per Capita.

C a p ita .

12 K y . - . _ $
11 Tenn..
10 Conn..
9 M o ....
8

scale:

Per

S ta te .

U n d e r $ 1 p e r C a p i t a .................

, 6 .4 3 2

$1 a n d u n d e r $2 p e r C a p ita

l¥ L A -m

SCALE:

Selected Products.

$ 2 , 000,000

%

j

i i i p

Total Product.

Open-hearth steel structural sh a p es......................
Bessemer steel structural sh a p e s............................
Open-hearth steel ro d s ................................................
Other products, including jobb in g and repairing.
Bessemer steel p lates..................................................
Open-hearth steel sheets.............................................
Open-hearth steel rails................................................
Unclassified Bessemer steel.......................................
Open-hearth steel p lates.............................................
Unclassified open-nearth ste e l.................................
Open-hearth steel b ars................................................
Bessemer steel ro d s .....................................................
Bessemer steel b ars.....................................................
Bessemer steel rails.....................................................

SCALE:

2 000,000

$ ,

$4,000,000

V a lu e .

12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

K y._.
Conn.
Tenn.
V t. ..
N.H..
N.,1. .
M o ...
Mass.
N .Y ..
Ohio.
111....
Pa.. .

$

$ 6,000,000

$ 8,000,000

$ ,$ 12,000,000
10000,000

2 4 ,7 5 0
1 0 1 ,4 0 0
1 3 7 ,2 5 0
3 0 7 ,5 0 0
4 7 0 ,2 0 0
5 3 4 ,4 3 9
9 0 7 ,0 0 0
2 , 1 7 8 ,8 6 0
4 ,8 0 2 ,0 3 6
6 ,5 9 6 ,7 9 7

$ 1 4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 1 6 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 1 8 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$4,000,000

80 $
557
1,134
1,475
1,700
9,105
20,615
11,034
26,794
43,296
49,064
76,710
741,475

8,800
63,060
123,200
142,940
148,144
191,955
483,450
1,362,162
1,428,300
2,476,659
3,454,321
3,795,240
4,718,354
37.408,625

$2 v

$5 ..

$5 »»

$10 „

„

$15

„

$10 „
$15 »

$ 6 ,000,000
$ 8 ,000,000

„

$20 „

i

$20 and over,, per Capita.

$ 10,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$38,000,000

$ 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 22 ,000,000

$24,000,000
' $26,000,000
I $28,000,000

1 2 ,1 9 7 ,3 8 0
2 7 ,5 4 7 ,5 9 8

V A L U E OF PRODUCT, PER CAPITA,

CRUCIBLE AND MISCELLANEOUS STEEL WORKS.

by States,

(Based on the R eturns o f the Tenth Census.)

\

\

Product per Capita,

scale:

V

Utah ,

/

A fa z,

$1 per Capita.
Rank
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

S t a te .

j
i

!

/

COLO,

!

|

kans .

I
j

i — 4
1

:

KEY

j

h -mex .

P er

N o p r o d u c t r e p o r t e d ------------

Capita.
,

n i....... $ .003
K y._..
.005
O h io..
.011
M ass..
.012
N .Y ...
.083
Conn..
.481
N .J ... 1.425
P a - .. 1.927

— .1

U nder

TEX.
V

$1

p e r C a p i t a _______

$ 1 a n d u n d e r $2 p e r C a p ita .
.y

\
$2

„

„

$5

„

8 15 ,

820 a n d o v e r , p e r C a p it a .

Selected Products.
R an k

Total Product.
R an k

8

S ta te .

scale:

K y .... $
- .

1 1 1.

1 2 ,0 0 0

6

M assO h io ..
Conn.-

2 1 ,9 9 3
3 5 ,6 0 0

5
4
3

2
1

P a ....

$ 2 , 000,000

$
25,793
628,954
4,956
70,319 10,015,511

$ 10 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0

$ 6,000,000

$8 ,000,000

2 9 9 ,9 3 0
4 2 5 ,1 4 0
1 ,6 1 2 ,8 5 0
8 ,2 5 3 ,7 4 5

N .Y ...
N .J ...

V a lu e

$4,000,000

9 ,0 0 0

7

Tons

P rod u ct

3 Other products, including jobb in g and re p a irin g.
2 Unclassified p ro d u cts...................................................
1 Finished crucible steel..................................................

$ 2 ,000,000

V a lu e .

SCALE:

$ 10 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0

V A LU E OF PRODUCT, PER C APIT A,

BLOOMARIES AND FORGES.

,

«

^

(

(Based on the K etum s o f th e Tenth Census.)

Product per Capita,

scale:

$1 per Capita.
R an k

S ta te .

P er
C a p ita .

10 Mass.. S .ooi
9 Ga----.024
.029
8 N .C ...
.042
7 Tenn..
.092
6 M o ....
5 V a—
.105
4 N.J. ..
.184
.234
3 Md. ..
2 N .Y ...
.290
.363
1 P a ....

N o p r o d u c t r e p o r t e d -------

U n d e r 8 1 p e r C a p i t a ____

8 1 a n d u n d e r $2 p e r C a p ita .

8 15 i

$ 2 0 a n d o v e r , p e r C a p i t a ___

SCALE:

Selected Products.
Total Product.

scale:

2 000,000

2 000,000

$ ,
R an k

P rod u ct

V a lu e

Tons

$ ,
R an k

S ta te .

10 M a s s . . $
9 G a - ..
8 N.C. ..
7 T en n ..
6

V a . . ..

5 M o ....
4 N .J .. .
3 Md___
2 N .Y. ..
1 P a --------

V a lu e .

2,200
37,200
41,085
64,781
158,888
200,000
209,095
219,660
1,478,356
1,556,809

3 Other products, including jobb in g and rep a irin g.
2
1 Bloom s m ade from pig and scrap-iron....................

$
37,633
34,924

$4,000,000

25,761
1,812,380
2,129,933

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CH A R LES SC R IB N ER ’S SONS.

n v E ^ n s r x j^ ^ c T T J ^ E s

P late 1 2 3

SPECIFIC COTTON GOODS
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Product per Capita,
Rank State.
81
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

a

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

T e x ...
M ich..
Minn..
Utah. .
A r k ...
m ____
L a ....
Fla. -.
O h io ..
M o ....
W is ...
K y ..Term.Ind. ..
Miss. .
V a ___
Ala. ..
N .Y ._.
N .O ...
P a . . ..
v t . . ..
S .C ....
N.J. ..
G a----M d .. .
Del. ..
M e ....
Conn. •
Mass..
N .H ...
R .I ....

Per
Capita.
$

.oi
.04
.05
.06
.06
.07
.09
.09
.20
.24
.25
.25
.57
.58
.60
.69
.97
1.63
1.82
2.57
2.58
2.91
4.02
4.20
5.01
5.94
20.52
25.81
40.54
51.74
82.72

Total Product.
Rank State.
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Utah. .
T e x ...
Fla. ..
Minn..
A r k ...
M ich..
L a .. . .
Ill.......
W is...
Ky. ..
M o ....
O h io ..
Miss. .
V t ... .
Del. ..
Tenu.V a ....
Ind. ..
A la ...
N .C ...
S.C. ..
N.J. ..
M d ....
G a ....
N .Y ...
P a ... .
Me___
Conn..
N .H ...
R .I. . .
Mass..

Amount.
$

7,937
21,600
25,000
40,000
50,000
70,000
86,776
219,861
328,389
418,286
522,980
637,000
679,093
855,864
871,007
874,717
1,040,962
1,155,029
1,228,019
2,554,482
2,895,769
4,548,215
4,682,114
6,481,894
8,266,836
11,021,054
13,319,363
16,069,771
17,953,403
22,875,111
72,289,518

Cotton Crop of the United States for 52 Years.
( F r o m “ T h e A m e r i c a n A l m a n a c a n d T r e a s u r y o f F a c t s , ” 18 8 1.)

SCALE:
Year

B a le s *

1829

200,000

8 7 0 ,4 1 5
9 7 6 ,8 4 5
1 , 0 3 8 ,8 4 8
9 8 7 ,4 8 7
1 ,0 7 0 ,4 3 8
1 ,2 0 5 ,3 2 4
1 ,2 5 4 ,3 2 8
1 ,3 6 0 ,7 5 2

ISM
18 31
18 32
18 3 3
18 34
18 3 5
18 36
18 3 7
18 3 8
1,8 39

IS40
18 11
18 4 2
18 43
18 14
18 45
18 4 6
1,8 4 7
18 4 8
18 4 9

1S50
18 5 1
18 52
18 5 3
18 54
18 55
18 56
18 57
18 58
18 59

1S60
18 61
18 6 2
18 63
18 64
18 65
18 66
18 6 7
18 6 8
18 69

1S 0
7
18 71
18 72
18 73
18 74
18 75
18 76
18 77
18 78
18 7 9

1880

1 ,4 2 2 ,9 3 0
1 ,8 0 1 ,4 9 7
1 ,3 6 0 ,5 3 2
2 ,1 7 7 ,8 3 5
1 ,0 3 4 ,9 4 5
1 ,6 8 3 ,5 7 4
2 ,3 7 8 ,8 7 5
2 ,0 3 0 ,4 0 9
2 , 3 9 4 ,5 0 3
2 ,1 0 0 ,5 3 7
1 ,7 7 8 ,6 5 1
2 ,3 4 7 ,0 3 1
2 ,7 2 8 ,5 9 0
2 ,0 9 6 ,7 0 6
2 ,3 5 5 ,2 5 7
3 ,0 1 5 ,0 2 !)
3 ,2 6 2 ,8 8 2
2 ,9 3 0 .0 2 7
2 ,8 4 7 , 3 3 9
3 ,5 2 7 .8 4 5
2 ,9 3 9 ,5 1 9
3 ,1 1 3 ,9 6 2
3 ,8 5 1 ,4 8 1
4 , 6 6 9 ,7 7 0
3 ,6 5 0 ,0 0 6

No
R ecord .
(Civil
W ar.)
2 ,1 9 3 ,9 8 7
2 ,0 1 9 ,7 7 4
2 ,5 9 3 , 9 9 3
2 , 4 3 9 ,0 3 9
3 ,1 5 4 ,9 4 6
4 ,3 5 2 ,3 1 7
2 ,9 7 4 ,3 5 1
3 ,9 3 0 ,5 0 8
4 ,1 7 0 ,3 8 8
3 ,8 3 2 ,9 9 1
4 , 6 6 9 ,2 8 8
4 , 4 8 5 ,4 2 3
4 ,8 1 1 ,2 6 5
5 ,0 7 3 ,5 3 1
5 ,7 5 7 ,3 9 7

* The average net weight per bale is 440 pounds.

Lowest and Highest Prices of Upland
Cotton, per Pound, in New York,
( F r o m “ T h e A m e r ic a n A l m a n a c a n d T r e a s u r y
o f F a c ts ,” 1881.)

Y e a r Low est

H ig h e st

Y e a r Low est

H ig h e st

$ 8s “
0 1
0
7 11
1
2
8 1
2
1
8 1
8 1
1 1
1 2
1
1 1
0 1
1
2
1 6
1 8
2 8
0 8
1 2
0 0
1 2
2 0
1
1
2
0
m 18 1
u 1 1
1
8
2
1
1
-;:
9 86 1 171
2 17 1
"
81
8 187 1
88
6 1 17 1 1
1 17 1 2
8
15 1
81 1
8 1
1
1
8 0

18 25 $ 0 13
18 2 6
9
18 2 7
18 2 8
18 2 9

18 3 0
18 31
18 32
18 3 3
18 34
18-35

9

$0 27
14

18 5 3
18 54
18 55

13

18 56
18 57
18 58
18 59
I8 6 0
18 0 1
18 62
18 0 3
18 6 4

13

7
7
9

17
16

15

18 36
18 3 7
18 3 8
18 3 9

7
9

18 4 1

9

18 42
18 4 3
18 44
18 15
18 16

7
5
5
4

18 47

7
5

18 11
18 19
18 51

18 5 2

17

18 95
18 66

16

18 6 7
18 98
18 (59

9

18 10
18 71
18 72

9
9

14
14

10

9

13
9

15
13

28

54
72
33
32
15
16
25
15
15
18
13
15
13

1 90
22
52
36
33
35
26
25
25
19

17
13
13

9

18 7!
18 8 0

91

13 1
13 1

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S.

P late 1 2 4

MANUFACTURES

WOOLEN GOODS.
(Based on the Returns o f th e Tenth Census. 1

Product per Capita.
R an k

35
34
33

P er
C a p ita .

S ta te .

A la . ..
T e x ...

32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23

s .c . . . $ 0 .0 2
.0 5
.0 5
.1 5
.1 5

A rk ...
G a .. ..

.2 1
.2 1
.2 2

K a ils ..

N .C ...
Mich..
Miss...
Minn..

.2 6
.3 0

V a .- ..
T e n n ..

.3 8
.4 0
.4 1
.4 2
.5 2
.5 2

Iow a.2 2 M o ....
21
20

O liio..
W .Va.
Ill.......

19
18
17
16
15
14
13

.5 7
.6 1
.7 6
.9 3

f c

W is .. .
Ind. ..
Cal. . .
1 2 N .Y ...
11
10

1 .1 2
1 .3 7
2 .8 9
1.9 2
1 .9 4

U ta h ..

Ore g ..
N.J. ..

9

8

D e l. . .

7

P a ....

6

V t. . ..
M e ....

5
4

N .H ...
Mass..
Conn..
R .I —

3

2
1

Total Product,
R an k

S.C. . .
Ala. ..

A m o u n t.

S t a te .

35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23

$

2 4 ,0 7 5
6 3 ,7 4 5

W a s h .-

7 0 ,0 0 0
8 0 ,5 0 0
1 2 7 ,4 3 0
2 1 1 ,5 2 5
2 3 9 ,3 9 0
2 5 3 ,3 7 8
2 7 9 ,4 2 4
2 9 9 ,6 0 5
3 0 3 ,1 6 0
3 5 6 ,9 8 6
4 8 1 ,5 1 7
4 8 8 ,3 0 8
5 4 9 ,0 3 0

T e x ...
A rk ...
Kans.G a ....
Minn..
U ta h . .

Miss. .
N .C ...
W .V a.
M ich..
2 2 Md. ..
2 1 O reg..
20

V a .- -

19
18

Tenn.Del. ..
Iow a.-

17
16
15
14
13

M o ....

K y ....
W is...
Cal. ..
1 2 Ohio. .
11
10

Ind. ..

9

V t. ...

i n ...........

N.J. ..
7 M e ....
6 N .H ...
5 N .Y ...
4 R .I—
3 C onn..
2 P a .. . .
1 Mass..
8

5 7 7 ,0 ( 5 8
6 2 0 ,7 2 4
6 6 5 ,2 5 3
6 7 9 ,9 0 4
9 3 0 ,9 6 1
1 ,2 6 4 ,9 8 8
1 , 4 8 0 ,0 6 9
1 ,6 * 4 ,8 5 8
1 .6 7 8 ,1 8 9
1 .8 9 6 ,4 6 0
2 ,7 2 9 ,3 4 7
3 ,2 1 7 ,8 0 7
4 , 9 8 4 ,0 0 7
6 ,6 8 6 ,0 7 3
8 ,1 1 3 ,8 3 9
9 ,8 7 4 ,9 7 3
1 5 ,4 1 0 ,4 5 0
1 6 ,8 9 2 ,2 8 4
3 2 .3 4 1 ,2 9 1
4 5 , 0 9 9 .2 0 3

Total Import of Wool and Manufactures of, 1840 to 1880.

Y ear

V a lu e .

1 S 4 0 $ 9 ,9 1 7 ,2 6 0
18 41
1 2 ,0 9 3 ,8 9 2
1842
9 ,1 7 3 ,1 0 7
2 ,7 2 0 , 8 3 3
18 43
1 0 ,3 2 7 ,2 4 2
18 4 4
18 4 5
1 2 ,3 5 5 ,9 7 0
1 1 ,2 1 8 ,0 4 5
18 4 6
1 1 ,5 5 4 ,7 5 5
1K 4 7
1 6 ,0 9 7 ,9 1 7
18 4 8
18 4 9
1 4 ,8 8 1 ,9 5 3
18 5 0
1 8 , 8 3 3 ,2 0 0
18 51
2 3 ,3 4 0 ,4 6 6
1 9 ,5 0 4 ,6 7 5
18 52
3 0 ,2 9 1 ,6 2 9
18 53
18 5 4 ;
18 55
18 56
18 57
18 58
18 59
1 SG(]
18 61
18 62
is o s
18 6 4
18 6 5
18 66
18 6 7
18 6 8
18 6 9
18 7(1
18 71
18 72
18 73
18 7 4
18 75
18 7 6
18 7 7
18 7 8
18 79
18 8 0

3 5 ,2 0 4 ,7 7 9
2 6 ,4 7 6 ,2 8 8
3 3 ,6 2 6 ,8 5 7
3 3 ,4 1 1 ,8 6 2
3 0 , 5 0 8 ,7 2 6
3 7 ,9 6 6 ,9 1 0
4 2 ,7 7 9 ,3 4 2
3 3 , 2 0 4 ,5 1 6
2 3 ,7 8 4 , 6 6 2
3 3 , 8 8 2 ,4 7 2
5 1 ,1 2 1 ,1 4 4
2 7 ,7 1 8 ,5 1 6
6 7 , 2 8 0 ,5 6 0

SC A L E :
$ 2 , 000,000

Total Export of Wool and Manufactures of, 1840 to 1880.

Table of Lowest and Highest Prices of the Cheapest Grade Wool, per
Pound, in New York.

( B a s e d o n t h e R e p o r t s o f t h e T r e a s u r y D e p a r tm e n t.)

( B a s e d o n t h e R e p o r t s o f t h e T r e a s u r y D e p a r tm e n t.)

(F r o m “ T h e A m e r ic a n A lm a n a c a n d T r e a s u r y o f F a c ts ,” 18 8 1.)

"MO,OOO,OOO

Year
Year

L.

18 25 $ 0
18 2 6
18 2 7
18 2 8
18 29
18 3 0
18 3 1

$ 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$40,
00 0,00 0

18 3 2
18 3 3
18 34
18 3 5
18 36
18 3 7
18 3 8

H.

30 $ 0 3 8
28
38
20
130
20
30
18
27
16
30
20
35
20
35
35
27
25
35
25
40
*5
50
28
50
28
40

Year

L.

18 3 9 ! $ 0
18 4 0
18 41
1842
18 4 3
1844
18 4 5
18 4 6

H.

3 7 $ 0 40
20
35

20

30

18
18
25
24

22

18

28
30
30
32
35
41

18 4 7
18 18

22
20

18 4 9
18 50
18 51
18 52

25
30
30
26

24
37
30

42

Year

L.

18 5 3
18 5 4
18 55

$ 0 88

18 56
18 57
18 58
18 59
I8 6 0
18 61
18 62
18 6 3
18 6 4
18 65
18 66

H.

Y ear

$ 0 44
25
40
24
*4
30
38
30
44

27
34
34

22
40
62
75
TO
25

32
45
40
45
65
80

1 20
77
27

L.

18 6 7 $ 0
18 6 8
18 69
18 70
18 71
18 72
18 73
18 74
18 75
18 76
18 77
18 78
18 79
18 8 0

1840
18 4 1
18 42
18 4 3
18 4 4
18 45

25 $0 3 7
34
37
35
32
34
'4 5
63
32
45
67
35
57
36
48
48
138
43
25
32

20
27
25

1 8 4 6 ,8 2 0 3 ,9 6 6
18 4 7
8 9 ,4 6 0
18 48
18 19
18 50
18 51

43
*3
50
45

18 52
18 5 3
18 54
18 55
18 56

$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

18 57
18 5 8
18 59
180(1

$ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

i

18 61
18 62
18 6 3
18 64
18 65
18 66

7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

5 1 ,4 3 8 ,8 9 7
3 4 ,0 0 8 ,8 8 2
3 9 , 7 5 4 ,2 0 7
4 1 ,2 * 4 ,0 1 8
5 3 ,6 2 0 ,0 8 *
7 9 ,6 1 4 ,5 4 4
7 1 ,5 0 9 ,4 * 0
5 5 ,1 3 3 ,4 9 4

1H B 7
1K B8
18 6 9

$ 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

5 5 ,0 8 0 ,9 0 3
4 1 ,4 5 7 ,4 2 5
3 2 ,8 5 8 . 8 6 6
3 3 ,5 9 3 ,1 6 9
2 9 ,3 9 0 ,3 6 6
5 7 ,6 3 8 ,7 4 3

is;o
18 71
18 72
18 73
18 74
18 75
18 76
18 77
18 78
18 79

1880

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO NS.

V a lu e .

SCALE:
$2,000,000

H.

2 7 ,8 0 2
2 7 ,4 5 5
1 9 ,0 0 7
2 1 1 ,8 6 1
* 5 5 ,5 6 3
3 8 9 ,5 1 2
2 3 7 ,8 4 6
2 9 6 ,2 2 5
1 7 8 ,4 3 4
1 4 8 ,3 0 1
3 9 4 ,3 4 9
4 0 3 ,8 6 0
2 2 5 ,5 5 5
3 9 7 ,9 9 8
3 1 5 ,8 8 1
1 7 9 ,0 8 7
2 4 7 ,1 6 7
2 4 9 ,1 0 3
2 2 7 ,5 2 1
1 9 6 ,2 6 8
2 1 7 ,1 5 5
3 5 0 ,2 3 4
3 1 8 ,2 8 3
5 4 2 ,3 4 2
3 6 4 ,3 7 7
2 8 8 ,5 6 3

M

125

P late

^ n s r U F ^ C T U E E S
V A L U E OF PRODUCT, PER CAPITA,

M IXED TEXTILES.
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Product per Capita,

sc a le

:

— « i t IN D E X .

y

SI per Capita.
Rank
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

C a l.. -18[N .J.. . 9
( ' 0 1 ) 11 . . 2 N .Y .. . 8
Del. . .12 Ohio. .17
111. . . .14 Pa.. . . 5
Ind. . .11 R .I ... . 1
K v— .10 Tenn .16
M e... 7 V t. .. . 6
M d ... .19 V a ... . 1 5
Mass. . 4 W is.. .13
N .H ., . 3

Per

S t a ts .

C a p ita .

M d .... $ .021
C a l.. .
.025
O h io ..
.025
Tenn..
.051
V a . ...
.071
i n .......
.073
W is ...
.080
Del. . .
.342
Ind. . .
.464
K y .-..527
N.J. . .
1.685
N .Y .._
2.631
M e ....
V t ... .
Pa.. ..
Mass..
N .H ...
C onn..
R.I. . .

$3
$4
$ 5

$
7

S ta te .

19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
i

M d ....
C a l.. .
Del. ..
Tenn..
Ohio. _
W is ...
V a .—
im ....
K y .—
Ind. Vt. . . .
N .J ...
M e.—
N .H—
R .I .. .
Conn.Mass..
N.Y.-_
P a ....

$10
U nder

$1

p e r C a p i t a _____

$ 1 a n d u n d e r $ 2 p e r C a p ita

*

V a lu e .

$

KEY
N o p r o d u c t r e p o r t e d _____

Total Product,
R an k

<
8

—

SCA LE:

20,240
22,350
50,220
79,000
80,970
106,243
108,500
227,600
869,329
918,150
1,277,903
1,906,680
1,909,937
2,703,281
2,718,822
5,919,505
13,043,829
13,376,380
20,882,764

2 000,000

$ ,

$4,000,000
$ 6,000,000
$ 8 , 000,000

I NDEX.
Cal. . .18 N.J. . 8
Conn. 4 N .Y .. . 2
Del. . .17 Ohio. .15
III.... .12 P a ... . 1
Ind. . .10 R .I... . 5
K y ... 11 Tenn .16
M e... 7 Vt. .. . 9
M d ... .19 V a ... .13
Mass. 3 Wis. .14
N .H .. 0

0 a n d o v e r, p e r C a p ita

$ 10,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 12,000,000

$14,000,000
$16,000,000
$18,000,000
$ 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
I

$22,000,000

V A L U E OF PRODUCT, PER CAPIT A,

SILK AND SILK GOODS.
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Product per Capita.

SC A LE:

y

---- m

$1 per Capita.
P er
C a p ita .

S t a te .

R an k

15
12
11
10

$4
$ 5

.0 0 6
.0 1 6
.0 2 5
.0 3 6

N .H ...

8

R . I -----M d ....
M e ....

7

Ill.......
C a l.. .

Pa. . . .
N .Y ...
M ass..

2
1

IN D E X .

$
8

.151

5
4
3

$
6

.0 3 7
.0 4 7
.0 7 9

6

€

C a l.. 6 | N . H . . . 1 1
Conn. 2 N . J . . 1
111. . . 7 | N . Y . . . 4
Kans. - 1 5 O h i o . .12
M e ...
8 ;P a .. . . 5
M d ..
9 ;R .I. . .10
M ass.
3 V t. .. .13
M o... 14 1

S3

.0 0 1
.0 0 1

K a n s .. $
M o ....
V t. . ..
O h io ..

14
13

$
2

C o n n ..

9

$
10
$1
1
$12

.6 6 6

KEY

1 .8 4 3
1 .9 5 7

N.J. ..
U n d e r g l p e r C a p i t a ------------

$ 1 a n d u n d e r g2 p e r C a p ita .

Total Product.

sca le

:

R an k

15
14
13
12
11
10

S t a te .

V a lu e .

Ivans.. $

540
2,100
2,500
8,700
10,000
31,100
35,415
53,110
130,705
244,150
2,853,165
3,491,093
5,438,075
9,368,025
12,851,045

V t. . ..

M o ....
N .H ...
R .I—
M e ....
9 Md. . .
8 Ohio. .
7
Cal. 6

5
4
3
2
1

1 1 1 ____

Pa. . . .
Mass..
Conn..
N .Y ...
N.J. ..

Selected

IN D E X .

y

$ 2,000,000

Cal. . 7 N.H.
( 'onn. 3 N.J.
$4,000,000
111.... 6 N.Y.
Kans. .15 Ohio.
$0 ,000,000
M e... .10 Pa. .
M d ... 9 R .I...
$ 8 , 000,000 Mass. 4 V t. ..
Mo. . .13'

.12
. 1
. 2
. 8
. 5
.11
.14

Rank

Products.

(Yards).

SCA LE:
5,000,000 Yards.

20,000,000^25^000,000

2 Broad good s and handkerchiefs .. 10,856,284
1 Ribbons and la ce s.............................. 30,129,951

Selected

$ 10,0 0 0 , 0 0 0

$ 12,000,000

Products. (Pounds).

SC A LE:
1,000,000 Pounds.

P ou n d s

R an k

P rod u ct

2
1

$14,000,000

$20 a n d o v e r , p e r C a p i t a .

1.00 0 15 0,00
0 0,00 ,000

Y a rd !

P rod u ct

Trimmings and sm all g o o d s ..........
Sewing and t w i s t ............. ...............

7 1 0 ,1 4 9
8 2 1 ,5 2 8

V A L U E OF PRODUCT, PER CAPITA,

WORSTED GOODS.

a/—

hv States.

(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Product per Capita,
R an k

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

P er
C a p ita .

S ta te .

SCA LE:
#1 per Capita.
$2 ®o

1
Ohio.-- $ .031
N.J. . .
.105
N .Y ...
.456
2.351
P a .. . .
2,565
Conn.Mass..
N .II...
7.764
R .I—

$ $11 $12
10

$13 gi4

$ 15

$ 16 g

17

$18 $19
$2 0'$21

Selected

Products.

(Yards).
5 000,000 Yards

P rod u ct

R an k
15
14

Y a rd s

,

R e p ............... .......................................
C loa k in g..............................................

13
W oolen cloths, cassimeres, & c—
11 Upholstery g o o d s ..............................
10 T e r r y ....................................................
9 T a p e stry..............................................

12

8
7

6
5
4

Serges...................................................
Lastings___ ....................... .................
A lp a c a -------------------------- ---------------

3
2
1

Total Product.
R an k

S ta te .

Ohio. .
N.J. ..
Conn.5 N .Y ...
4 N.II. .
3 R .I. ..
2 P a .. . .
1 M ass..
8
7

6

V a lu e .
$

1 0 1 ,2 5 0
1 1 9 .0 0 0
1 ,5 9 7 ,2 2 7
2 ,3 2 1 ,9 9 0
2 ,6 9 4 , 2 3 2
6 ,1 7 7 ,7 5 4
1 0 .0 7 2 ,4 7 3

C oa tin g s..............................................
Dress g o o d s ........................................

9,000
16,107
105,000
200(000
205,000
214.000
329,000
362,168
530,741
910,553
1,000,000
1,357,444
2,230,221
2,875^672
63,833,341

10 ,000,000
1
1
1

15,000,000
20, 000,000
2 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

■

30,000,000 qe /w\ aaa

35’0 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 45 ooo 0 0
0 ’0 0 0 0 ,0 0
0
I

IH B

5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

SCALE:

$ 2,000,000

Selected

$4,000,000
$ 6,000,000
$ 8 ,000,000

$10,000,000
$

12,000,000

R an k

SC A LE:
1,000,000 Pounds.

Products. (Pounds).
Pounds

P rod u ct

^0 0 0
0 ,0 0

3(xx>,ooo

^

5oooooo
6 , 000,000

3

2
1

W oolen ya m , m ade and s o l d ........
Noils, shorts, & c................................
W orsted yarn, m ade and sold —

1 ,5 4 0 ,4 9 3
4 ,2 3 8 ,2 9 5
9 ,6 5 0 ,0 0 0

1 0 , 4 6 6 ,0 1 6

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO NS.

7 ,000,000

8,000,000

n Ann (Wl

9 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

IIVn^IINrTTIF.A.OTTTIRIES

P late 1 2 6
V A L U E OF PRODUCT, P E R CAPITA,

DYEING AND FINISHING.
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Product per Capita.

scale:

INDEX.

$1 per Capita.
Rank State.
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Per
Capita.^

$2

$3

84

.Ga___ $ .002
K y .—
.003
Mo. . .
.010
Ind. ..
.016
Ill____
.044
Ohio. .
.045
W .V a.
.087
N .Y ...
.546
Conn..
.746
Pa. . . .
1.461
M e ....
1.706
N.J. ..
N .H ...
4.519
Mass..
5.318
R .I—
24.858

Conn.- 7|N.H.. 3
Ga ...1 5;N .J . . 4
m — i i In .y . 8
Ind. ..12 Ohio. .10
Ivy___ 14 P a ... 6
M e .... 5 R .I ... 1
Mass.. 2 W .V a . 9
M o .. .131

*5

813

$14

$15

$16

$17

$18

$19

KEY
*2

$21

$22

No product reported......

$23

$24

Under $1 per Capita______

$25

$1 and under $2 per Capita.
$2

Rank State.
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Conn. 8 N .H ..
Ga. . .15 N .J..
111. . . .10 N .Y ..
Ind. . .12 Ohio.
K y ... .14 P a ...
M e ... 7 R .I ...
Mass. . 1 W .V a
M o ... .13

Value.

G a .. . . $
3,500
Iv y ....
6,420
M o .. .
22,200
Ind. ..
32,000
W .V a.
54,000
111.. . .
135,521
144,295
O h io ..
Conn.464,800
M e .... 1,107,616
N.H. . 1,568,100
N .Y ... 2,776,154
N.J. .. 3,365,769
P a ----6,259,852
R .I___ 6,874,254
M ass.. 9,482,939

$5 „

”

-

>
»

$10 a

..

.

a

$15 >
,

»

-

$15 „

INDEX.

»

»

$10 »

Total Product,

>
.

$5

„

$20 „

a

.

3

*

$20 and over, per Capita _

6
4
5
9
3
2
11

$ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

/

HOSIERY AND KNIT GOODS.

V A L U E OF PRODUCT, PER C APIT A,

(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Product per Capita,

scale:

INDEX,

$1 per Capita.
Rank State.
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

M d .. Iow a.W .V a.
M e ....
Minn.W is...
Mo___
Ind. ..
R.I. ..
O h io..
Ill____
M ich..
N .J ...
Mass..
Vt. . . .
N .Y ...
Pa.. ..
Conn.N.H. .

Per
Capita.
$ .001
.001
.004
.004
.012
.014
.039
.079
.130
.130
.157
.230
.761
1.392
1.791
1.947
2.086

Conn - 2 N .H .. . 1
111. - - . 9 N .J .. . 7
Ind. . .12 N .Y .. . 4
Iow a -18 Ohio. .10
M e... .16 P a ... . 3
Md. . .19 R .I... .11
Mass. . 6 V t... . 5
Mich. 8 W .V a. 17
Minn. .15 W is.. .14
M o .. .13

$2
$3
$4
$5

KEY
$0

Under $1 per Capita______

Selected

720
M d .... $
W .V a.
2,600
2,908
Iow a ..
3,000
M e ....
10,000
Minn..
W is ...
18,817
36,000
R .I----M o ....
85,000
158,200
Ind. ..
377,249
M ich 418,825
O h io ..
484,124
in ____
V t ... .
595,270
N.J. ..
861,181
N .H ... 2,362,779
Conn.. 2,432,271
Mass.. 2,483,596
P a .. . . 8,935,147
N .Y ... 9,899,540

$4,000,000

$6,000,000

:

100,000 Dozens.

Dozens

Conn. - 4 N .H .. . 5
111.. . 8 N.J. . . G
Ind. . .11 N.Y. . 1
Iow a -17 Ohio. . 9
M e... .16 Pa. . 2
M d... .19 R .I .. .13
Mass. 3 Vt,.. .
Mich. .10 W .Va .18
Minn. .15 W is - .14
M o ... .12

$8,000,000
$ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$2 „

„

$5 ,,

„

.

$5

„

$10 »

»

_

$10 „

a

$15 »

,» .

$15 „

200,000

62
925
2,800
12,389
19,868
20,745
41,683
43,310
47,178
48,462
Gloves..................
49,545
Shawls.....................
58,522
F ancy ja c k e ts ........
64,830
H oods .....................
N ubias.....................
72,050
105,321
Cardigan ja c k e t s ..
199,889
M ittens....................
288,111
W oolen half-hose..
627,234
Mixed half-hose. ..
W oolen hose........... 1,216,274
Cotton h o s ie ry ___ 2,491,243
M ixed hose............. | 2,653,099
Shirts and draw ers 2,671,712

: INDEX.

Value

$1 and under $2 per Capita.
scale

S k ir ts .......................
S acqu es........- ........
W aists......................
Ulsters .....................
F ancy knit-goods .
W risters...................
Leggins.....................
G aiters.....................
S carfs.......................

scale:

$2,000,000
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
8
2
1

Products. (Dozens),
Product

Total Product.
Rank State.

No product reported______

.»

$20 »*

a .

»»

300,000
400,000
5 0 0 ,0 0 0
600,000
$20 and over, per Capita,

700,000
800,000
000,000
1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
1,500,000
2 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0

2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

V A LU E OF PRODUCT, PER CAPIT A,

CARPETS, OTHER THAN RAG.
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Product per Capita,

scale:

$1 per Capita.

KEY
product reported
Under $1 per Capita -

13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
-

Selected

Rank State.
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Value.

M e .... S
1,200
50,000
Md. ..
[N.J. ..
179,500
Conn.- 2,500,559
Mass.. 6,337,629
N .Y ... 8,419,254
P a .. . . 14.304.6G0

scale:

$2,000,000
$4,000,000
$6,000,000
T $8,000,000
$ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$12,000,000
$14,000,000
$16,000,000

Products.

R an k

”

$5

»

»*

$10

$10 »

»

$15

>,

$20

$20 and over, per Capita..

(Pounds).
Pounds

3
2 W orsted yarn, m ade and sold
1 W oolen yarn, m ade and sold .

Selected

»

$15 »

fg p p

$2
$5

L,V
A

Product

R an k

Total Product.

and under $2 per Capita.

Dutch carpet
Serges ...........
V elv et carpet
R ag c a r p e t ...
W ilton carpet
Lasting...........
Cottage carpet
A xm inster Carpet.
Ingrain carpet, 3-ply
Venetian carpet
Brussels carpet
T apestry carpet
Ingrain carpet, 2-ply

288,614
1,134,143
1,265,240

Products. (Pieces).
Product

Number

2 D r u g g e ts ......................................
1 R u g s ............. ................................

SCALE:
1,000,000 Pounds.
2,000,000

SCALE:
100,000 Pieces.

40,000
47,530

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

P late 1 2 7

3

VC_A_ZSTTT^n A 0 TTJDRIE S
__

SLAUGHTERING AND MEAT-PACKING.
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Product per Capita. S C A L E :
Per

Capita.
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
i

$1 per Capita.
$2

A rk .. $
G a ...
T ex ..
W .V a
V a ...
Tenn.
Minn.
Mich.
Del. .
Oreg.
L a ...
M e ...
P a ...
K y ...
Nebr.
M d ...
W is ..
Colo.Kans.
Ohio.M o ...
Iow a.
Conn.
ilnd. .
iN .Y..
Cal. .
Mass. 1
jR .I... 1
N .J. . 1
i n i .... 3

IN D E X .
A rk .. .30IMich. .23
Cal. . 5 Minn. .24
Colo. .13 M o. . .10
Conn. . 8 Nebr. .16
Del. . 22 N.J. . 2
Ga. . .29 N .Y .. 6
i n . . . 1 Ohio. .11
Ind. . 7 Oreg. -21
Towa - 9 P a ... .18
Kans -12 R .I . . 3
K y ... .17 Tenn. -25
L a ... .26 T e x .. .28
M e ... -ID V a ... .26
M d ... .15 W .V a .27
Mass. . 4 W is.. .14

KEY
No
Under $1 per Capita

$20

$21
$1 and under $2 per

$2 5

t

$2 >
»

7,

$10.7

$10 >
»

7
»

$157
,

$15 „

$31

$5 »

$5 .7

$30

7,

,7

$20>
7

$20 and over, per

Total Product.

Selected Products.
• SC A LE:

Rank State.
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
ii
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
8
2
1

A rk ..
Del. .
Oreg.
W .V a
Ga . .
T e x ..
Minn.
V a ...
Colo.M e...
Nebr.
Tenn.
I.a. .
Mich.
M d ...
R .I—
KV—
Conn.
Kans.
W is ..
Cal. .
P a ...
Iow a.
M o ...
Ind. .
Ohio.N.J.
Mass.
N .Y ..
n i....

Amount.

$

So,680
198,000
264,712
307,500
809,093
486,400
887,532
1,054,500
1,082.690
1,093,687
1,359,397
1.376,476
1,500,000
2,065,634
3,377,605
3,876.740
4,538,888
4,669,540
5,618,714
6,533,926
7,953,914
9,908.545
11,285,032
14,628,630
15,209.204
19.231,297
20,719,640
28,051,782
43,096,138
97,891,517

Rank

Product

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
i

SCALE:
100,000,000 Pounds
200,000,000

Beef, salted or canned

$2,000,000
$4,000,000
$6AX),000
$8,000,000

Pounds

300,000,000
400,000,000

90,763,466
101,371,199
Mutton, sold fresh . . . 106,692,216
501,471,698
506,077,052
759'142^875
Pork, salted ................. 859,045'987
B acon and h a m s........ 1,122,742,816

5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
600,000,000

00,000,000

800,000,000
900,000,000

1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

1,100,000,000

* 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
----- jjjjjjt IN D E X .

$12,000,000

A rk .. 30 Mich. 17
Cal. . .10 Minn. 24
Colo. .22 Mo. . 7
Conn. -13 Nebr. 20
Del. . 29 N .J .. 4
G a ... .26 N .Y .. 2
111. . .
1 iOhio. 5
Ind. . 6 Oreg. .28
Iow a. 8 P a ... 9
Kans. -12 R .I— .15
K y ... .14 /Tenn -1!)
L a ... .it T e x .. .25
M e ... .21 Y a ... .23
M d ... 16 W .V a .21'
Mass. . 3 W is.. .11

$14,000,000
$16,000,000
$18,000,000
* 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

*4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
*5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
*6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
*7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
*8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

I I I I -I HH-i

FACTORY-MADE BOOTS AND SHOES.
(Based on the Returns o f the T enth Census.)

Product per
Rank State.
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Miss.Tenn.
W .V a
Kans.
G a ...
N .C ..
V a ...
Iow a.
L a .. .
Ind. .
Oreg.
Ida . .
K v ...
V t. ..
Colo.Mich.
M o ...
i n . ..
Minn.
Ohio.Utah.
W is..
Pa. M d ...
Conn.
N .Y ..
N .J ..
Cal. .
M e ...
N .H ..
Mass.

INDEX
Miss. .31
M o .... 15
N .H ... 2
N .J ... 5
N .Y ... 6
N .C ...26
Ohio. .12
O reg.. 21 $19
$2 0
P a ... - 9
821
T enn .-80
U ta h .A l
V t .. - 1 8
Y a — 25
W .Va.29
W is... 10

C a l..
Colo.
Conn.
G a ...
I d a ..
111.. .
I n d ..
Iow a.
Kans.
K yL a ...
M e ...
M d ..
Mich
M inn

Under $1 per

$3 0

$1 and under $2 per
»

»*

$ 5 >*

>
»

$10 »

$10 »

»

$15 »

$15 »

»

$20

$5 »*

$40
$44 $ 4 5

444-1

Selected Products.

Total Product.

31
80
29
88
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
i»
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
i

$25

$2

Rank Product

Rank State.

KEY
No product

Amount.

Ida. . $ 10,500
17,002
W .V a
21,775
Miss.Tenn.
85,826
45,000
Oreg.
55,814
Kans.
89,725
G a .. .
107,600
N .C ..
125,000
Colo.164,090
L a .. .
187,520
V a ...
189,669
Utah.
198,200
243,040
Iow a.
476,845
Ind. .
578,732
Kv.
Minn.
930,192
Mich. 1,216,255
(W is.. 1,736,773
M o ... 1,982,993
Conn. 2,211,385
M d ... 2,212,963
Ill— . 3,183,026
C al... 3,649,651
Ohio.- 4,167,476
N.J. . 4,689,286
M e ... 5,823,541
N .H.- 7,230,801
Pa. .. 9,590,002
N . Y . . 18,979,269
Mass. 95,900,610

2
1

SCALE:

SC A LE:
$ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Amount

$ 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

W -W -t

$ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

B oots a 30,590,896 $ 53,223,265
|
Shoes. 94,887,615 112,109,343

§5,000,000

§4,000

Pairs

$50

a. Includes ladies’ , misses’, and children's lace boots.

ooo

-----M E

000,000
§8,000,000
$ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$12,000,000

V t ...

$14,000 000
$16

000,000

IN D E X .

C a l.. . 8Miss. .29
Colo. .23 Mo. . .12
Conn -11 N .H .. . 4
G a ... .25 N .J .. . 6
I d a .. .31 N .Y .. 2
i n . . . 9 N.O.. 24
Ind. . .17 Ohio. . 7
1 ow a -18 Dreg. -27
Kans -26 P a ... . 3
K y ... .16 Tenn -28
D a ... .22 Utah. .20
M e ... 5 Vt, .. .19
M d .. .10 V a ... .21
Mass. . 1 W .Va .30
Mich. 14 W is.. .13
Minn. .15

$18,000,000
$ 2 0 ,0 0 0 OOO
$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 9 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C HARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

$ 7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$20 and over, per Capita ...

$ 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 9 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Js/L^JSTTT^'^C T U B I E S

P late 1 2 8
V A LU E OF PRODUCT, P E R CAPITA,

LEATHER, TANNED.
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Product per Capita,

scale:

Per
Rank State. I Capita

$1 per Capita.

_____

Total Product.
Rank State.
89
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2.
1

Amount.

Ida. _ $
2,612
D .C ..
4,284
Del. .
7,000
Kans.
7,452
A rk ..
12,300
Wash
27,000
L a .. .
28,470
43,974
Iowa.
C tah.
47,267
Colo.55,800
T ex.63,750
Oreg.
65,767
S.C. .
73,597
Miss.106,260
Minn.
111,000
Conn.
146,750
Ala. .
212,545
G a ...
323,807
N .C ..
367,920
M o ...
435,072
K .l...
638,000
V a ... 1,011,830
v t . . . 1,084,503
Ind. . 1,266,653
W .V a 1,451,528
M d... 1,468,591
Term. 1,504,660
Mich. 2,029,653
N .H .. 2,315,616
K y— 2,511,960
Cal. . 3,788,723
W i s .. 4,324,433
Ohio. 4,357,273
111.... 5,402,070
N.J. . 6,748,094
M e... 7,100,967
Mass. 13,556,721
N .Y .- 23,652.366
Pa. - .(27,042,068

39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

SCALE!
$2,000,000
$4,000,000

Kans. $ .007
.015
A rk ..
.024
D .C ..
.027
Iow a
.030
La. ..
.040
T e x ..
.047
Del. .
.073
S .C ...
.080
Ida. .
.093
Miss..142
Minn.
.169
Ala. .
.200
M o ...
.209
G a ...
.235
Conn.
.262
N .C ..
.287
Colo..328
Vtah.
Wash
.359
.376
Oreg.
.640
Ind. .
.668
V a. ..
.975
Tenn.
Mich. 1.239
Ohio. 1.362
K y ... 1.523
!M d... 1.570
111.— 1.755
R .I ... 2.307
W .V a 2.347
V t. .. 3.263
W is .. 3.287
Cal... 4.323
N .Y .. 4.653
N.J. . 5.965
iP a ... 6.313
|N.IL. 6.673
Mass. 7.602
_Me— 10.942

KEY
No product reported____
Under $1 per Capita-----$1 and under $2 per Capita

$20 and over, per Capita..

$6,000,000

Selected Products.

$8,000,000
Rank'

$ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

1 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Number

Product

2 S kins.................. 19.917,653
1 Sides o f leather. 23,546,342

$18,.000,000.
$14,000,000

: INDEX.

$16,0005000
$18,000,000
$ .2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$22,000,000
$24,000,000

Ala. . .23 Miss. 26
A rk.. .35 M o .. .20
Cal. . 9 N .H .. -11
Cull}. .30 N .J .. 5
( 'onn -24 N .Y .. 2
Del. . 37 N.C.. .21
D .C .. .38 Ohio. 7
Ga. . .22 Oreg. 28
Ida. . .39 P a ... 1
i u . . . . 6 K .l.. .19
Ind. . .16 8 .0 . . .27
Iow a -32 Tenn -13
Kans -36 T e x .. .29
K y ... .10 Utah. 31
L a ... .33 V t . .. .17
M e ... . 4 V a ... .18
M d .. .14 Wash -34
Mass. . 3 W.Va .15
Mich. .12 W is.. 8
Minn -25

LEATHER, CURRIED.
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Product per Capita.
Per

R ink State.

Total Product.
Rank State.
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
31
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
33
11
10
«
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

D .C ..
Kans.
Ida. .
A rk ..
L a ...

SCALE:
$2,000,000

Capita.

3.) Kans
38 D . C . .
37 A rk ..
36 La. ..
35 ilow a
34 T e x ..
33 S.C. .
32 Miss..
31 Ala. .
30 Ida. .
29 Conn.
28 N .C ..
27 V a ...
26 M o ...
25 Minn.
24 G a ..
23 Tenn.
22 Wash
21 Utah.
20 K y ...
19 Del. .
18 Colo.
17 Oreg.
16 Md.
15 Mich.
14 Ind. .
13 111..,.
12 R .I...
11 W .V a
10 Ohio.
9 N .Y ..
8 v t .. .
7 Pa. ..
6 Cal. .
5 W is..
4 M e...
3 N.IL.
2 |N.J. .
1 [Mass.'

SCALE:
$1 per Capita.

$ .001
.004
.009
.021
.037
.039
.043
.090
.103
.121
.139
.140
.154
.155
.181
.192
.354
.392
.410
.417
.459
.465
.512
.543
.609
.739
.776
.821
1.173
1.215
1.218
1.596
1.833
2.315
3.418
4.025
6.229
7.715
13.057

$8
I

$3
$4
$5
$6

$7
$8
$9
$10

$11
$12
$13
$14

A la. . .31 Miss. .32
A rk .. .37 Mo. . .26
Cal. . . 6 N.IL
3
Colo. .18 N .J .. 2
Conn -29 N .Y .. . 9
D e l .. .19 N .C .. .28
I). C. _.38 Ohio. .10
G a ... .24 Oreg. .17
I d a .. .30 P a ... - 7
in . . . .13 R.I. . 12
Ind. . .14 S.C. . .33
Iow a -35 Tenn. -23
Kans -39 T e x .. .34
K y— .20 Utah. .21
L a .. . .36 V t. . . 8
M e ... 4 V a .. .27
Md. . .16 Wash -22
Mass. 1 W .Va .11
Mich. .15 W is.. 5
Minn. -25

$20 and over, per Capita------

$4,000,000

5,000,000

W a sh

S.C. .
U ta h .

Iow a.
T e x ..
Del. .
Conn.
Oreg.
Colo.Miss.Ala. .
Minn.
N.C. R .I ...
V a ...
G a ...
M o ...
Md. .
V t. Tenn.
W .V a
Mich.
Ind. .
Cal. .
N .H ..
Hi___
M e...
Ohio.W is ..
N.Y._
P a ...
N .J ..
Mass.

Selected Products.
1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
Rank

Product

Num
ber

2
10,655,606
1 Sides o f leather. 12,464.299
-«IN D E X .
A la .. .24 [Miss. .25
A rk .. .36 M o ... .18
Cal. . .10 N.IL
9
Colo. .26 N .J .. 2
Conn -28 N .Y .. 4
D e l.. .29 N .C .. 22
$18,000,000
D .C .. .39 Ohio. 6
G a ... .19 Oreg. .27
Ida. „ .37 P a ... 3
$ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
111.- . . 8 R .I. . 21
Ind. . .11 S.C. . .33
I (iwa -31 Tenn .15
$22,000,000
Kans -38 T e x .. 30
K y - .14 Utah. 32
L a .. . .35 Vt,... .16
20
$24,000,000 M e ... 7 Va.
Md. . .17 Wash 34
Mass. 1 W .V a -13
Mich. .12 W is.. 5
Minn. -23

$16,000,000

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C HARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

1

^ c^ n srT J ^ ^ G T T J P ^ E S

P late 1 2 9

LUMBER, SAWED.

Rank State.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
88
37
36
35
&
4
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
2
*1
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
18
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

scale:

Total Product.

$2,000,000
Rank State.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
8
2
i

Wyo. .
D .C ...
N.M ex
A riz. .
R .I—
N e v ...
N ebr..
Ida. . .
U tah..
Del. ..
D ak. ..
Mont..
Kans..
Colo. .
Conn.N .J ...
Wash.La. . . .
A rk ...
Md. ..
Miss. .
O reg..
s . c . ..
W .V a.
Ala. ..
N .C ...
Fla. ..
M ass..
V t ... .
V a ....
T e x ...
Tenn..
N .H ...
K y ....
C a l.. .
G a .. . .
IU.. . .
M o .. .
Iow a.Minn..
M e ....
O h io ..
Ind. ..
N .Y ...
W is ...
Pa. . . .
M ich..

Value.
40,990
50,000
173,930
215,918
240,579
243,200
265,062
349,635
375,164
411,060
435.792
527,695
682,697
1,051,295
1,076,455
1,627,640
1,734,742
1,764,640
1,793,848
1,813,332
1,920,335
2,030,463
2,031,507
2,431,857
2,649,634
2,672,796
3,060,291
3,120,184
3,258,816
3,434,163
3,673,449
3,744,905
3,842,012
4,064,361
4,428,950
4,875,310
5,063,037
5,265,617
6,185,628
7,366,038
7,933,868
13,864,460
14,260,830
14,.356,910
17,952.347
22,457,359
52,449,928

Product per Capita,

scale:

$1 per Capita.

(Based on the Returns o f the
Tenth Census.)

$

Per
Capita.

$2
$3

D .O ... $ .281
N ebr..
.585
Kans..
.685
.869
R .I—
N.J. ..
1.438
N .M ex
1.454
111____
1.644
Miss. .
1.697
Conn..
1.728
Mass..
1.749
la . ...
1.877
N .C ...
1.909
Md. ..
1.939
W yo. .
1.971
S.C. ..
2.040
Ala. ..
2.098
A r k ...
2.235
2.270
V a— .
T e x ...
2.307
Tenn.- 2.428
M o ....
3.428
2.465
2.605
Del. . .
2.803
N .Y ...
2.824
G a .. . .
3.161
D a k ...
3.223
Io w a .3.807
3.905
N e v ...
W .V a .
3.932
4.335
O h io ..
5.121
C a l.. .
Pa. . . .
5.243
5.339
Arks. .
5.409
C o lo ..
7.208
Ind. ..
Minn..
9.434
V t ___
9.807
10.721
Ida. ..
N .II... 11072
Fla. .. 11.355
O reg.. 11.618
M e .... 12.225
Mont.. 13.475
W is ... 13.646
Wash.- 23.094
M ich.. 32.041

$4

SIO
INDEX.
Ala. .32 Mo. . .27
A riz. .14 Mont. . 4
A rk .. .31 N eb r -46
C a l.. .16 N e v .. .19
Colo. .13 N.H.. . 8
Conn .39 N.J. . .43
D a k._.21 N .M ex 42
Del. .24 N .Y .. .23
D .C .. .47 N .C .. .36
Fla. . . 7 Ohio. .17
G a ... .22 Oreg. . 6
Ida. . . 9 Pa. .15
111. . . .41 R .I . . .44
Ind. . .12 s .c . ..33
Iow a -20 Tenn .28
Kans. .45 T e x .. .29
K y ... .26 Utah. .25
L a ... .37 V t . .. .10
M e ... . 5 Va. .30
Md. . .35 Wash 2
Mass .88 W .Va .18
Mich. . 1 Wis.. 3
Minn -11 Wyo. .34
Miss. .40

f e

Under $1 per
$1 and under $2 per Capita
$2 „

„

$5 „

$5 „

„

$10 „

$20

$10 „

$2 5

„

$15 „

$15 »

,,

$20 „

*
$20 and over, per Capita.—

$30

-"M .IN D E X ,
$4,000,000

Ala. . .23 Mo. .10
A riz. .44 Mont. .36
A rk .. .29 Nebr. -41
C a l.. .13 N ev.. .42
Colo. .34 N.H.. .15
Conn -33 N .J .. .32
D ak.. .37 N.M ex 45
Del. . .38 N .Y .. 4
D .C .. .46 N .C .. .22
Fla. . .21 Ohio. . 6
Ga .. .12 Oreg. .26
Ida. . .40 Pa.. . . 2
111. . . .11 R .I... .43
Ind. . . 5 S.C. . .25
Iow a - 9 Tenn. .16
Kans -35 T ex .. 17
K y— .14 Utah. .39
L a ... .30 V t . .. .19
M e... . 7 V a ... .18
M d ... .28 Wash -31
Mass. -20 W .Va .24
Mich. . 1 Wis. . 3
Minn. . 8 Wyo. .47
Miss. .27

Selected
Rank
4
3
2
1

SCALE:

Products. (Pieces).

Product

j

1,000,000,000 Pieces
2,000,000,000
3,000,000,000
4,000,000,000
5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
|
6,000,000,000

Number

Sets o f headings................... — -i 146,523,000
Staves..................................... . . . . 1,248,226,000
Laths...................................... . . . . 1,761,788.000
S hingles................................. — -i 5,555,046,000

SC A LE:

Selected
Rauk

Products. (Feet).

Product

1,000,000,000 Feet
Feet

1 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

2 Spool and bobbin stook . . . - - I
34,076,000
1 L u m b e r................................. ....118,091,356,000

$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

I

L

p

I

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Product per Capita.
Rank State.
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4

scale:

L a .. . . $ .002
S .C .. .
.017
.022
Ala. ..
A rk ...
.029
.054
R .I .. .
Miss. .
.060
Kans..
.073
.090
T e x ...
.097
W .V a.
Utah. .
.118
Tenn..
.118
N .C ...
.127
O reg ..
.139
N ebr..
.170
N .J ...
.214
G a .. ..
.390
Del. ..
.394
V a ....
.398
Mo. . .
.526
N .H ...
.613
M d .. .
.614
Cal. ..
.678
Iow a ..782
l>a,. ..
.860
Mass..
.936
K y ....
.999
M e ....
1.019
Conn.1.155
M ich..
1.895
N. Y ...
2.106
v t ....
2.162
Ind. ..
2.254
W is ...
2.844

2 m ____

SELEC T ED PRODU CTS.

$1 per Capita.

Per
Capita.

Miscellaneous.
Rank
1
1
s
1
1
■
1
■
■
■
■
■

EC INDEX.

$3

A la. . .34 M o .. .18
A r k .. .33 Nebr. .23
C a l.. .15 N.H .. 17
Conn. . 9 N.J. . .22
Del. . .20 N .Y .. 7
G a ... .21 N .C .. .25
i n . . . 2 Ohio. 1
Ind. . 5 Oreg. .24
Iowa. -14 P a ... 13
Kans. .80 R .I... .32
K y— .11 s . c . . .35
I,a.. . .36 Tenn. -26
M e... .10 T e x .. .29
M d ... .16 Utah, 27
Mass. .12 Vt. .. 6
Mich. . 8 V a ... .19
Minn. . 3 W .V a 28
Miss. .31 W is .. 4

■
■
EB
S3
2232
m

36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
go
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

L a .. . .
R.I. . .
U tah..
s . c . ..
A rk ...
O reg..
A la .. .
Del. ..
W .V a.
Miss. .
Kans..
N eb r..
T e x ...
N .C ...
Tenn..
N .H ...
N .J .. .
Md— .
C a l.. .
G a .. .
V a . ...
M e ....
V t ... .
Conn.M o ....
Iow a .K y— .
M ass..
Minn..
M ich..
P a ....
W is ...
Ind. ..
N .Y ...
IU____
O h io ..

Value.

Hay-presses.......... .......................
S yrup-evaporators— ................
Feed steam ers and boilers—
S ton e-ga th erers.........................
Cider and v in e -m ills .................
H orse-pow ers..............................
Ilay and straw -cutters.........

Number
93
703
791
1,460
1,482
2,356
9^068
10,202
11,161
33,883

scale:

100,000
Implements.
KEY
No product reportet

200,000

Under $1 per Capita

Seed Separators.
$1 and under 82 per Capita
Rank

Product

Number

6
5
4
3
2
1

1,412
9,103
10,424
44,370
45.412
59,157

>

8io

■BB BI

$10

.

$15
$20

Seed Planters.

$20 and over, per

$
Rank
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

scale:

Product
T ra n sp lan ters.............................
Fertilizer distributors...............
G rain -sow ers..............................
C otton-planters...........................
Seed-sow ers.................................
Grain-drills...................................

Number
4,245
8,155
15,563
19,288
20,289
43,222
68,691

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

■■■■■

$2,000,000

2,000
15,068
16,991
17,475
23,860
24,450
29,014
57,776
60,340
68,640
73,477
77,032
143,700
178,449
182,116
212,850
242,984
574,672
586,338
601,935
602,959
661,445
718,455
719,627
1,141,822
1,271,872 ma
1,647,116
1,670,242
2,340,288
3,102,638
3,686,212
3,742,069
4,460,408
10,707,766
13,498,5^6
15,479.826

600,000
700,000

Harvesting Implements.

$

800,000

$4,000,000

Fruit-gatherers...................... .
816
H ay-tedders.............................
2,334
H ay-loaders............................ .
8,957
H arvesters.............................. .
25,737
P otato-diggers....................... .
33,453
R eapers.....................................
35,327
Law n-m ow ers.........................
47,661
Reapers and m ow ers com bined
54,920
M o w e rs ....................................
<2,090
S ic k le s ......................................
95.618
H orse-rakes.............................
95,625
Grain-cradles.......................... .
167,492
Hay-forks, (d o z .)....................
206,727
Hand-rakes, (d o z .)............... .
308,732
Scythe-snaths......................... .
437,178
S c y th e s ................................... .
1,244,264

DEX.
Ala. . .30 M o ... .12
A rk .. .32 Nebr. .25
C a l.. .18 N .H .. .21
Conn. .13 N.J.. .20
Del. . .29 N .Y .. 3
G a ... .17iN .C.. .23
111. . . 2 Ohio. . 1
Ind. . . 4 Oreg. .31
Iow a. -11 P a ... . 6
Kans. .26 R .I ... .35
K y ... .10 s . c . . .33
La— .36 Tenn. .22
M e ... .15 T e x .. .24
M d .. .19 Utah. .34
Mass. . 9 V t.. .14
Mich. . 7 V a ... .16
Minn. . 8 W . Va.28
Miss. .27 W is .. . 5

Implements of Cultivation,
Rank

Product

Number

138
8
7
684
3,002
6
5
127,997
4
212,147
299,338
8
2 C ultivators...................................
318,057
1 P lo w s............................................ 1,326,123

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C HARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

/

$5

.

300,000

400,000

1

Rank Slate.

Product

»

£4

4.385

Total Product.

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
1,100,000
1,200,000
1,300,000

3 V C -A -D ^ r X J D B n_ A . O T

U

B

E

P late 1 3 0

S
V A L U E OF PRODUCT, PER CAPIT A,

SHIPBUILDING.

jtg&h

(Based on the Returns o f the
Tenth Census.)

Product per Capita,
Rank State.
37
36
35
34
3)
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
2%
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3

Total Product.

37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2

Value.

State.

Tenn.- $
5,000
Miss. .
5,500
N ebr..
9,000
Minn..
15,000
G a - ..
17,000
Vt. ...
17,800
Kans..
26,000
A rk ...
28,000
N .I I -.
30,070
N .C ...
57,219
Ala. ..
60,000
T e x ...
77,780
Fla. ..
85,050
Iow a .112,000
S.C. ..
144,000
V a . ...
181,024
Wash.184,500
O reg..
206,500 1
W .V a.
231,130 1
K y ....
249,015 1
L a .. . .
343,525 1
R .I—
517,041 B
M o ....
565,187 ■
W is ...
576,305
Conn.767,660
In d . ..
810,655
in .....
892.093
N.J. .. 1,384,629
O h io.. 1,552,210
M d .... 1,788,630
C a l.. . 1,797,639
M ich.. 2,034,636
D e l ... 2,162,503
M ass.. 2,281.666
M e .... 2,909,846
P a .. . . 6,689,470

scale

Tenn.- $
Miss. .
G a -..
Nebr..
Minn..
Kans.A r k ...
N .C ...
A la ...
T e x ...
Vt. . . .
Iow a.N .II...
V a . ...
,S.C. . .
K y ....
M o ....
Ill____
Fla. ..
L a .. . .
W .V a.
Ind. ..
W is...
Ohio. .
O reg ..
N.J. ..
Conn. M ich ..
M ass..
P a .. . .
N .Y ...
R .I___
M d .. .
Cal. ..
Wash.-

1880.

_*<*•

:

s per Capita.

Per
Capita.
.003
.004
.011
.019
.019
.026
.034
.040
.047
.048
.053
.068
.086
.119
.144
.151
.266
.289
.315
.365
.373
.409
.438
.485
1.181
1.224
1.232
1.242
1.279
1.561
1.570
1.869
1.913
2.078
2.456

S3
$4

1
1
9
i
3
9

a

$

b

■
u

io

IOWA.

NEBR.

IN D E X .

OHIO. , W

•\ i rr»

Ala. . .29 M o ... .21
A r k - .31 N ebr .34
C a l.. . 4 N .II.. .25
Conn -11 N.J. .12
D e l- . 1 N .Y - . 7
Fla. . .19 N.C— .30
G a ... .35 Ohio. .14
111.. . .20 Oreg. -13
Ind. . .16 P a ... . 8
Iowa -26 1U. . . 6
Kans -32 S.C. . .23
K y - .22 T en n -37
L a .- .18 T e x .. .28
M e... 2 V t. .. .27
M d .. 5 V a ... .24
Mass. 9 Wash - 3
Midi. .10 W .V a .17
Minn. .33 W is - 15
Miss. .36

KANS.

k Y.

> > h'I

No product ri
Under $1 per
$1 and under

815 „

„

$20

820 and over, per Capita....

14.750

1 DeL -

Rank

by States,

r / 3 £

:

sca le

12,000,000

IN D E X,
$4,000,000

A la. . -27 M o ... .15
A r k - .30 Nebr. .35
7 N.II.. .29
C a l( ’oim. -13 N.J. . .10
Del. . 5 N .Y .. 1
Fla. . .25 N.C. . .28
G a ... .33 Ohio. 9
111.. . .11 Oreg. -20
Ind. . .12 Pa. . 2
Iow a. -24 R.T.. .16
Kans -31 S.C. . .23
K y - .18 Tenn. -37
L a ... -17 T e x .. .26
M e ... 3 Vt. -- .32
Md. . 8 Va.
22
Mass. . 4 Wash -21
Mich. . 6 W . Va .19
Minn. .84 W is.. .14
Miss. .36

5 o,uuu

$
$8,000,000

scale

Selected Products.

:

$2,000,000
Rank

Value

Product
$

4 ,Canal b o a t s .........................................
2 Repairing v e s s e ls .............................
1 N ew vessels........................................

$ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

876,999
2,329,345
6,394,838
16,697^614
19,225,714

$ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

SCALE

Localities.
RankJ

Locality

$ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Value

$ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 4,450,587
2 N orthern lakes...................................
4,870,645
1 |
Ocean, coast and riv e r.................... 25,149,750

CHEMICALS.
Product per Capita,

(Based on the Returns o f the
Tenth Census.)

Rank State.
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

:

$1 per Capita.

Per
Capita.

Fla. .. $
T e x .. .
Wash.Tenn.Ind. ..
O reg ..
Iow a .Kans..
N .C ...
M ieh..
G a .. ..
Utah. .
Minn..
v t ....
N .II...
W .V a.
L a .. . .
V is ...
K y ....
Colo.-V a . ...
N ebr..
M e ....
D .C ...
Ohio. .
Ill.......
M o ....
S.C. ..
Cal. ..
Conn..
N e v ...
P a - ..
[N .Y ...
Mass..
R .I—
Md. ..
Del. ..
N.J. ..

scale

.004
.023
.074
.078
.079
.136
.177
.186
.214
.221
.229
.266
.282
.305
.313
.338
.350
.396
.440
.488
.665
.855
.868
1.815
2.400
2.495
2.687
2.705
3.677

INDEX,
Cal. . .10 Nebr. .17
Colo. .19 N ev.. . 8
Coilll. 9 N.H.. .24
Del. . 2 N.J. . . 1
D .C .. .15 N .Y - . 6
Fla. . .38 N.C.. .30
G a ... 28 Ohio. .14
in .... .13 Ores. .33
I n d .. .34 I’ a . .. - 7
Iow a -32 K .l... . 4
Kans -31 S.C. - .11
K y ... .20 Tenn -35
L a ... .22 T e x .. .37
M e... .16 Utah. .27
Md. . . a Vt.. .25
Mass. . 5 V a ... .18
Mich. .29 Wash -36
Minn. .26 W. Va .23
M o ... .12 V is . .21

KEY
No product reported
Under SI per Capita
$1 and under $2 per Capita

S10
B
IO

4.553

S15
$20 and ovcjr, per

8.398

Selected Products.
Total Product.
Rank State.
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
V
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Fla. ..
Wash.O reg ..
T e x ...
Utah. .
C o lo ..
Vt. . . .
N .II...
T ennInd. ..
Kans..
W .Va.
Minn..
N e v ...
Iow a ..
N .C ...
D .C ...
La. . . .
G a .. . .
M ich..
N ebr..
W is ...
M e ....
K y ... .
V a ....
Del. ..
R .I___
Conn..
S.C. ..
Cal. ..
M o ....
Md. . .
Ohio. .
in ____
N.J. ..
Mass..
P a ... .
N .Y ...

Value.
$

1.120
5,600
24.000
37,675
38,360
95,000
101,496
108,911
121,520
156,470
186,233
209,310
220,540
283,532
287,743
300,000
322,439
329,659
353,500
363,104
387,000
521.388
563,517
726,255
1,007,166
1,140,086
1,968,041
2,419,743
2,693,053
3,179,700
5,827,498
7,243,122
7,678,374
7,681,325
9,499,577
10.604.662
20,884,991
29,805,614

scale

:

Product

$2,000,000
$1,000,000
$6,000,000

IN D E X.
$8,000,000

Cal.. 9 Nebr. .18
Colo. .33 Nev. .25
Conn. .11 N.H.. .31
Del. . .13 N .J .. 4
D .C .. .22 N .Y .. 1
F’l a .. .38 N .C .. .23
G a ... .20, Ohio. 6
III. . . 51
Oreg. .36
Ind. . .29 Pa. . . 2
Iow a -24 R .I ... .12
Kans -28 S.C. . 10
Ky— .15, Tenn. .30
La. .. .21 T e x - 35
M e ... .16 Utah. .34
M d .. 7 V t. . . .32
Mass. 3 V a ... .14
Mich. .19 Wash -37
Minn. .26 W .V a 27
M o ... . 8i\Vis.. .17

$ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$12,000,000
$14,000,000
$16,000,000
$18,000,000
$ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$22,000,000

SCALE:
Pounds

1,200,000
S u lp h u r...........................................
50,292
P h osp h oru s...................................
344,114
A n th ra ce n e...................................
80,518
Aniline co lo rs ................................
404,690
B ro m in e .........................................
6,593,009
A cetate o f lim e............................
4,571,671
Potash and p ea rlash ...................
3,692,443
B o r a x ..............................................
S oft soaps.......................................
34,494,100
Ground b a r y t e s ..........................
38,330,000
16,575,088
Sulphate o f a m m onia-- . ...........
Lead salts, oth er than w h ite—
11,375,466
Z in c o x i d e .....................................
20,121,761
Castor oil (ga llon s)......................
893,802
39,217,725
A lu m ................................................
S o d a .....................*.........................
40,259,938
7,117,825
G ly ce rin e .......................................
33,058,411
Oleic acid s o a p ..............................
N itro-glycerine..............................
3,039,722
Stearic acid c a n d le s ...................
18,363,066
308,765,432
Sulphuric a cid ...............................
Dry co lo rs .......................................
67,482,415
G lucose............................................
151,740,400
W hite lead .....................................
123,477,890
Hard soaps, other than oleic acid 378,743,627
M anufactured m anures.............
1,454,906,000

$24,000,000
$26,000,000
$28,000,000
$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

Value
£

21,000
29,271
99,242
107,292
114,752
156,892
232,643
277,233
358,280
371,829
618,485
758,680
766,337
790,741
808,165
866,560
961,477
1,707,969
1,830,417
2,281,600
3,661,876
4,086,821
4,551,212
8,770,699
18,299,350
19,921,400

$2,000,000
$4,000,000
$6,000,000
$8,000,000
S I 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$12,000,000
$14,000,000
$16,000,000
$18,000,000
$ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

P late 1 3 1

ZM CJ^UNT U

P

A

C

T

H

E

E

S
V A LU E OF PRODUCT, PER CAPITA,

PAPER, ALL CLASSES.

—

bv States.

(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Product per Capita.

^

Total Product.
Rank State.
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Amount.

IN D E X .
Cal. .
Colo.
Conn,
Bel. .
D .C ..
G a .. .
111.. .
Ind.
Iow a.
Kans.
K y ...
M e ...

M inn..22
Nebr..29
N .H ... 8
N .J .. . 7
N .Y ... 2
N .C ...23
Ohio. . 4
Oreg..25
P a ... . 3
Tenn.-27
Utah.. 28
V t.. ..11
S C A L E : M d..
Y a ___18
W .Va.20
$2,000,000 Mass.
Mich. 12| W is. ..10

Kans.. $
3,050
N ebr..
5,000
Utah.12,000
Tenn..
17,975
Colo. .
27,300
O reg..
43,100
D .C ...
70,400
N .C .. .
145,000
Minn..
183,900
Iow a ..
193.075
211,000
W .V a .
G a .. . .
221,572
261,000
Va— .
C a l....
386,197
619,422
K y ....
737,905
Del. ..
M d .... 1,028,591
Ind. . . 1,112,660
[Mich.. 1,204,664
V t. . . . 1,237,484
Wis. 1,277,736
111....... 1,679,692
N .H ... 1,731,170
N.J. . . 2,015,569
M e .... 2,170,321
Conn.. 4,337,550
Ohio.-. 5,108,194
Pa. . . . 5,-355,912
N .Y ... 8,524,279
Mass.. 15,188,196

scale

Capita.

Kans.- $0 .003
N ebr..011
Tenn..011
U tah..
.083 i
N .C ...
.103 1
Iow a..118 1
C o lo ..140 1
G a ....
.143 1
V a . ...
.172 1
Minn..235 ■
Oreg..
.246
.341
[W.Va.
K y ....
.375
.396
D .C ...
.446
Cal. . .
.545
i n . . ..
I n d ...
.5G2
M ich..
.735
W is...
.971
Md. . .
u oo
1.250
P a .;..
1.597
N .Y ...
1.677
N .J .. .
1.781
3.344
M e.—
3.724
V t ... .
4.989
N .H ...
Del. ..
5.033
6.965
Conn.8,517
Mass..

30
29
28
27
26
25
84
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

:

$ 1 per Capita.

Per

Rank State.

$2
No product reported_____

$3

Under $1 per Capita______

$4
$1 and Under $2 per Capita.

* IN D E X ,
$5

$2

ft?
$

per Capita....

$9

$4,000,000

$6,000,000

$8,000,000

sc a le:
20,000,000 Pounds.

Selected Products.

$ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$12,000,000
$14,000,000

1 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
9 Bank-note paper
296,000
8 Tissue paper.......
8,125,957
~ Colored p a p e r... 14,756,268
W all paper......... 29.474.000
Binders’ b o a r d .. 40.028.000
W riting p a p e r ... 65.874.000
A ll other p a p er.. 178,719,831
W rapping paper. 268.588.000
Printing paper .. 298.354.000

2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
30 0,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$16,000,000

V A L U E OF PRODUCT, PER CAPITA,

BRICK AND TILE.

h\/

(Based on the Returns o f the
Tenth Census.)

3roduct per Capita,
Rank State.

IN D E X .

Total Product.
1 ^ 1
Rank

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

State, j Amount.

iN . Mex
Wash.Ida. . .
N e v ...
Wyo. .
A riz. .
FJa. ..
Mont.D a k...
R .I—
S.C. ..
V t ___
Utah..
O reg..
A rk ...
Del. ..
L a .. . .
N .C ...
Ala. ..
Miss. .
W .V a.
N .H ...
Conn..
M e ....
D .C ...
N ebr..
Kans..
V a .—
Ga . . .
T e x ...
Minn..
K y ....
Cal. ..
Tenn..
C o lo ..
W is ...
M ich..
M d ....
Iow a ..
Mass..
!M o ,...
N .J ...
Ind. ..
Ill.......
O h io ..
N .Y
Pa. i l l

SCALE:
$: ,000,1

$

1,500
6,000
6,990
8,355
8,500
9,600
28,100
43,150
66,685
75,000
80,819
83,650
85,392
104,240
117,370
125,610
133,265
150,874
159,952
194,870
218,710
282,725
299,194
310,958
314,298
349,478
355,668
398,789
409,025
448,418
502,975
506,705
516,261
523,113
605,028
607,609
822,475 ■
933,988 • ■
944,497 ■
1,322,628 ■
1,602,522 H i
1,672,533 ___ i
1,927,858
■
3,065,302
3;48L291
4^813,153 _

A la .. .29 Mo. - 7
A m . .42 Mont. .40
A rk .. .33 Nebr. .22
C a l.. .15 N ev.. .44
Colo. .13 N.H.. .26
Conn -25 N .J .. 6
D a k.. .39 N.M ex 47
Del. . .32 N .Y .. . 2
D .C .. .23 N.C. 30
Fla. . .41 Ohio. 3
G a ... .19 Or eg. -34
Ida. . .45 Pa.
1
111.... . 4 R .I... .38
Ind. . . 5 S.C. .37
Iow a - 9 Tenn. -14
Kans -21 T e x .. .18
K y— .16 Utah. 35
L a ... .31 Vt,
M e...
Va.
20
M d .. .10 Wash -46
Mass. . 8 W.Va -27
Mich. -11 Wis. 12
Minn. .17 Wyo.. .43
Miss. .28

$4,000,000
&

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
88
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
■9
. 8
6
5
4
3
2
1

scale

Per
Capita.

$6,000,000

V "

N.M ex $0 .012
.079
Wash..081
S.C. ..
.101
Fla. ..
.107
N .C ...
.126
Ala. ..
.134
N ev-..
.141
L a .. . .
.146
A rk ...
.172
Miss. .
.214
Ida. . .
.237
A riz. .
.251
V t ....
.263
V a ....
.265
G a ....
.271
R .I .. .
.281
T e x ...
.307
K y ....
.339
Tenn..353
W .V a.
.357
Kans..408
Wyo. .
.461
W is ...479
M e ....
.480
Conn..493
D a k ...
.502
M ich..
.581
Iowa..593
Utah..
.596
Oreg..
.597
Cal. ..
.644
Minn..
.739
M o ....
.741
Mass..
.772
N ebr..
.808
N .Y ...
.814
N .H ...
.&56
Del. ..
.974
Ind. ..
.995
in ____
.998
M d ....
1.088
Ohio.-1.101
Mont..
1.123
Pa. . . .
1.478
N.J. ..
1.7G9
D .C ...
3.113
Colo. .

IN D E X .
Ala. .42 M o.. .15
A/iz. .36 Mont. . 5
A rk.. .39 Nebr. .13
C al.. .17 N ev.. A1
Colo. . 1 N .H ., .11
Conn .23 N .J .. . 3
Date.- .22 N.Mex. 41
Del. . .10 N .Y .. .12
D C .. . 2 N.C.. .43
Fla. . .44 Ohio. . 6
Ga. . .33 Oreg. -18
hla. . .37 P a .. . . 4
111. . . . 8 R . I . . .32
Ind. . . 9 S.C. . .45
Iow a -20 Tenn -29
Kans -37 T e x .. .31
K y ... .30 Utah. .19
L a ... .40 V t... .35
M e...
V a .. . .34
M d... 7 Wash -46
Mass. .14 W .V a -28
Mich. .21 W is.. 25
Minn. .16 Wyo. .26
Miss. .38

Selected Products.
Rank

:

$1 per Capita.

Product

sca le

Amount

$20 and over, per Capita__

:

$2,000,000
$4,000,000

2 Drain pipe; $1,765,428
-1 T ile............. 2,944,239

Selected Products.
Rank

Product

Number

sc a le

:
1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
2 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

163.184.000
3
2 Pressed b rick.. 210,815,000
1 Com m on brick- 3.822,362,000

™ T
COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C HARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

3

VE_A_lSrTJIF,-A_C T U R E S

P late 1 3 2

FACTORY CHEESE AND BUTTER.
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Product per Capita.
Rank State.

SC IN D E X .

Total Product.
Rank State.

Amount.

36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2

250
N .C .. . $
N ev. .
1,587
Tenn..
1,980
Dak. ..
2,260
6,395
A riz. .
Del. ..
7,710
M o n t.
7,900
C o lo ..
9,225
W .Y a.
10,238
10,621
V a .—
Ida. ..
13,239
K v ....
14,178
Wash.
18,820
Utah..
21.928
N.H. .
27,887
Oreg. 43,216
44,920
O .O ...
N ebr..
46,322
Minn..
62,094
Kans..
72,783
M e ....
75,592
M d ....
87,956
M o ....
96,128
N.J. ..
123,063
Conn..
134,440
Mass..
194,110
Ind. ..
225.049
M ich..
311,877
v t . ...
393,122
Cal. ..
590,434
P a .. . .
915,468
W is... 1.501,087
Iow a .. 1,736,400
O h io .. 2,756,793
in....... 8.876.085
1 N .Y ... 12,295,353

A r i z . . 32 M o .. .14
Cal. . 7 M ont..30
Colo. 29 Nebr.-19
Conn. •12 N e v ...35
Dak-. 33 N .H .. .22
D e l ... 31 |N.J. ..13
D .C .. 20IN .Y... 1
Ida . .. 26|N.C. ..36
I I I . . . . 2 O h io.. 3
I n d ... 10 Oreg. .21
Iowa. ■ 4 P a .. . 6
Kans. •17lTenn.-34
K y ... 25 Utah. .23
s c a l e : M e ... 10 Yt. . . . 8
$2,000,000 M d .. 15 Y a -----27
Mass. 11 Wash.-2A
Mich.. 9 W .Ya.28
Minn. 18W is. . . 5

36
35
84
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Per
Capita.

SCALE:.
$1 per
Capita.

N .C ... $ .0001
T enn ..
.001
V a . ...
.007
K y .. . .
.008
D a k ...
.016
W .Y a.
.016
N e v ...
.025
M o ....
.044
C olo. .
.047
D el. ..
.052
K ans..
.013
Minn..
.079
N .II...
.080
M d .. .094
N eb r..
.102
N .J ...
.108
Mass..
.108
Ind. ..
.113
M e ....
.116
Utah..
.152
A riz. .
.158
M ich..
.194
M ont..
.201
P a .. . .
.213
,Conn..217
O reg..
.247
Wash..250
D .C ...
.253
Ida. ..
.405
Cal. ..
.682
.862
O h io ..
Iow a .- 1.068
W is ... 1.141
V t . . . . 1.183
Ill____ 1.259
N .Y ... 2.418

*

IN D E X .

K EY

A riz. .16; M o ... .29
Cal. . . 7 Mont. .14
Colo. .28 Nebr. .22
C'oim. .12 N ev.. .30
D a k. . .32 N .H .. .24
Del.. .271N.J. . .21
D C . . . 9jN .Y.. . 1
Ida. . . 8|N.e.. .36
111. . . . 2 Ohio. . 6
Ind. . .19! Oreg. .11
Iow a. - 5 Pa. .. .13
Kans. .26 Tenn. .35
K y ... .MjUta/i. .17
M e ... .18 Y t ...
3
Md. . .23 Y a ... 34
Mass. .20 Wash -10
Mich. .15 W .Y a .31
Minn. .25 W is.. 4

$.2

TTo product reported ______ |
Under $1 per Capita----$1 and under $2 per Capita..

$20 and over, per Capita___I

S3

$4,000,000

Selected Products.

$6,000,000
Rank
$8,000,000

$ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Product

Pounds

SCALE:
20,000,000 Pounds
40,000,000

Butter in com bihed butter and cheese fa ctories

12,950,621
13,033,267
16,471,163
29,421,784
Cheese in com bined butter and cheese factories 44,134,866
Cheese in cheese fa cto rie s ....................................... 171,750,495
T otal ch e e s e ................................................................ 215,885,361

oooooooo
80,000,000

1 0 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 0
120,000,000 140,000,000
160,000,000 1 8 0 ^ 0 0 0 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
\
i
220.000,000

$12,000,000

$14,000,000

V A L U E OF PRODUCT, P E R CAPITA,

GLASS, ALL CLASSES.

I ,,

1

V.

(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

KEY
No product rep orted ___ __

Product per Capita.
scale

Rank! State.
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Per
Capita.

:

Vnder $1 per Capita______

$1 per
Capita.

Iow a .. $0 .002
M ich ..
.054
C a l.. .
.161
N .H ...
.201
I v y ....
.235
Conn..
.256
111.......
.292
Ind. ..
.399
M o ....
.424
N .Y ...
.476
M a ss..
.479
O h io ..
.484
M d ....
.627
|W.Va.
1.210
P a ....
2.036
IN.J. ..
2.484

$1 and under $2 per Capita.

$3

'. IN D E X .
$3

C a l. . .13 Mich. 14
Conn. .12 M o .... 5
i n . . . . . 6 N .H ... 15
Ind. . . 8 N . J . . . 2
Iowa. .16 N .Y ... 3
K y— .11 Ohio. . 4
M d ... .10 P a ... . 1
Mass. 7 W. Va. 9

J*— « 8? IN D E X .

Total Product.
SCA LE:
Rank. State.

16 Iow a ..
15 N .II...
14 M ich..
13 C a l.. .
12 Conn..
l i * K y ....
10* M d ....
9 W .Ya.
8 Ind. ..
7 M ass..
6 in ____
5 M o ....
4 Ohio. .
3 N .Y ...
2 N.J. ..
1 Pa. . . .

Amount.

3,500
70,000
90,000
140,000
160,000
388,405
587,000
748,500
790,781
854,345
901,343
919,827
1,549,320
2,420,796
2,810,170
8,120,584

$2,000,000

C a l.. .14 M ich.. 15
<'onn .11 Mo. . 8
111.... .10 N .H ... 13
Ind. . . 9 N.J. .. 1
Iow a -16 N .Y ... 7
K y ... .12 Ohio. 5
M d ... . 4 P a .. . . 2
Mass. . 6 W .Ya. 3

$

Selected Products.
Rank
4
3
2
1

Product

Amount

P late glass, a.. $ 868,305
W ind ow glass. 5,047,313
Green glass___ 5,670,433
Glassware. —
9,568,520

SCALE:
$2,000,000
$4,000,000
$6,000,000
$8,000,000
$ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$4,000,000

$6,000,000
$8,000,000
S IO .0 0 0 ,0 0 0

a “ This does not include the value o f
cast plate in process o f m anufacture, nor
o f rough plate broken up and used as cullet, but includes on ly the value o f polished
plate and that part o f the rough plate that
was sold.’’

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C H A RLE S SCRIBNER’S SONS.

$20 and over, per C a pita..

:

P late

M ^ lN r T T I lP ^ O T T T I R I E S

133

COMPARISON OF SELECTED INDUSTRIES BY STATES:

(Based on the Returns o f the
Tenth Census.)

1. PEN N SY LV A N IA ,

F o r Scale, see fo o t o f charts.

i

$ 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

F o r Scale, see fo o t o f charts.

4. M IN N E SO T A .
Flouring and grist-mill products.
Lumber, s a w e d - . ..........................
A gricultural im plem ents...............

$41,519,004
7,366,038
2,340,288

5. OHIO.
i; Flouring and grist-mill products........... .
2 Iron and steel...............................................
3 Clothing, m en’s..........................................
4 Slaughtering and m eat-packing.............
5 Foundery and m achine-shop products.
6| gricultural im plem ents..........................
A
7 Lum ber, sa w e d ..........................................
8; Carriages and w a g on s..............................
Liquors, m alt..............................................
Furniture.
Liquors, distilled.................................................
Printing and publishing....................................
Paper, n o t specified............................................
T o b a cco , cigars and cigarettes......................
T o b a cco , chew ing, sm oking and snuff.........
Leather, tan ned.................................................
B oots and shoes...................................................
Sash, d oors and blinds.......................... ............
L eather, cu rried.................................................
Bread and other bakery p rod ucts.................
C ooperage.............................................................
Brick and tile.......................................................
Cars, railroad, street and repairs..................
T inw are, copperw are and sheet-iron w are.
Saddlery and harness........................................
Lum ber, plan ed...................................................
Cheese and b u tter.............................................
Carriage and w a g o n m aterials.......................
Oil, linseed............................................................
M arble and stone w o r k ....................................
Stone and earthenw are....................................

$40,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$36,000,000
$34,000,000
$32,000,000
$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$28,000,000
$26,000,000
$24,000,000
$22,000,000
$ '2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$18,000,000
$16,000,000
$14,000,000
$ 12,000,000
$ 10, 0 0 0 , 0 0 0

$ 8 , 000,000

33*Tinw are, copperw are, and sheet-iron w a re.
341 usical instruments, pianos an d m aterials.
M

37^Musical instruments, organs and m aterials.

40

43
45 clothing, w om en’s.....................— ...................

•

$6,000,000

4,000,000

2 000,000

$ ,

6. MISSOURI.

F o r Scale, see fo o t o f charts.

1 F louring and grist-mill p rod ucts..................... $32,438,831
14,628,630
2 Slaughtering and m eat-packing....................
6,798,832
3
5,286,338
4 T o b a cco , chew ing, smoking, and snuff........
5,265,617
5
6
5,048,077
4,660,530
7
4,475,740
8
4^452,962
9
4,158,606
10
11
3,976,175
3,822,477
12
8,250,192
13
2,825,860
14
2,483,738
15
2,380,563
16 F u rn itu re ..............................................................

$34,000,000
$32,000,000
*3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

7. IN D IA N A .
$29,591,397
1
15,209,204
2
14,260,830
3
6,833,648
4 Foundery and m achine shop p rod ucts..........
4,960,500
5 Cars, railroad, street, and repairs.................
4,551,403
6
7
4,460,408
3,998,520
8
9
3,909,591
3,342,552
10
11
2,997,063
2|729;347
12
2,604,816
13
2,369,723
14
2,126.896
15 Saddlery and harness........................................

$26,000,000
$24,000,000
$ 22,000,000
$

20 , 000,000

$18,000,000
$16,000,000
$14,000,000
$ 12,000,000

* 10, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 8 , 000,000

$ 6 ,000,000
$4,000,000
$ 2 ,000,000

3. M A SS A C H U S E T T S.

25]J e w e lry ...................................................................
20 KUDDer ana elastic g o o a s .................................
27 Carriages and w a g on s......................................
28 Silk and silk g o o d s ..............................................
29
30 Iron nails an d spikes, c u t and w rou gh t........
i
"

i $110,-

100 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0

$ 9 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

11
Slaughtering and m eat packing...................... $97,891,517
47,471,558
21Flouring and grist m ill p ro d u cts ....................
20,545,289
3 jIron and steel............... - .....................................
19,356,849
4 .Clothing, m en’s .....................................................
14,600,760
5 Liquors, distilled.................................................
13,515,791
6 F oundery and m achine shop p rod u cts.........
13,498,575
71
Agricultural im plem ents...................................
7,044,638
8 F u r n itu re ..............................................................
7,114,939
9 Printing and publishing....................................
5,798,109
10 Liquors, m a lt........................................................
5,402,070
Leather, tan n ed ...................................................
5,063,037
Lumber, sa w e d ...................................................
5.055,000
Lard, refin ed ........................................................
5,033,053
4,813,290
4,197,400
16 T ob a cco, chewing, smoking, and sn u ff........
3.930.322
17 S oap and ca n d les...............................................
3,894,655
Tinw are, copperw are, an d sheet-iron w a re.
3,876,085
Cheese and b u tter.............................................
8,857,139
Bread and other bak ery p rod u cts.................
3,764,990
T ob a cco, cigars and cigarettes........................
3,500,993
Sash, d oors and blinds......................................
3,233,305
C ooperage................. - ...........................................
3,183,026
B oots and shoes...................................................
3,099,893
Oil, linseed............................................................
3.095.322
Saddlery and harness............................... .—
3,065,302
Brick and tile.......................................................
3,008,879
C offee and spices, roasted an d grou n d .........
2,799,700
P a in ts.....................................................................
2,664,710
W ir e w o r k ..............................................................
2,543,682
Cars, railroad, street, an d repairs..................
2,391,380
Leather, cu rried...................................................
2,208,792
C on fection ery......................................................
2,113,080
M alt.........................................................................
2,102,387
M arble and ston ew ork ......................................
2,008,159
B oxes, w ood en , p acking..................................

8
9
10
11
1*
13 Iron and steel.......................................................
14 Dyeing and finishing textiles............. .............
15 Flouring and grist-mill p rod ucts....................
16 Printing and publishing.....................................
17 B o o t an d shoe c u t s t o c k ...............................
18 S traw go o d s ........ , ..................- ...........................
19

i

000,000
$

2. ILLINOIS.

1 B oots and shoes...................................................
2 Cotton go o d s .........................................................
3
4 Foundery and m achine-shop p rod u cts..........

i
I

$145,576,268
1 Iron and steel..............................................
41,552,662
2 Flouring and grist-mill p rod ucts...........
85,029,673
3 Foundery and machine-shop p rod ucts.
32,341,291
4 W oolen good s..............................................
27,042,068
51
Leather, tan ned..........................................
24,294,929
6 Sugar and molasses, refined...................
23,821,887
7 Clothing, m en’s .
22,457,359
8 Lumber, sa w ed ...............................
21,640,397
Cotton good s...................................
20,882,764
IQ]M ixed textiles..................................
14,304,660
11 Carpets, other than ra g ................
13,092,863
12jDrugs and chem icals....................
10,229,893
13(Printing and publishing...............
10,124,348
14 Liquors, m alt..................................
10,072,473
15 W orsted good s............................... .
9,908,545
16 Slaughtering and m eat-packing..
9,590,002
17 B oots and shoes.................................
8,935,147
18 Hosiery and knit good s...................
8,720,584
19 Glass.....................................................
8,448,474
20 Bread and other bak ery products
21 Iron pipe, w rou gh t............................................. I 8,418,975
22 Cars, railroad, street, and repairs.................. '
8,082,272
23' Leather, curried...................................................
7,852,177'
241
Furniture...............................................................
7,588,229
251 ob a cco, cigars and cigarettes........................
T
6,906,603
26iLeather, dressed skins......................................
6,745,044
27jShipbuilding..........................................................
6,689,470
28|
Dyeing and finishing textiles............................
6,259,852
29 Tinware, copperw are, and sheet-iron w a r e .1 r 5,442,555
30 Paper, n ot specified............................................!
5,355,912
31 Brick and tile.......................................................
4,813,153
32 Carriages and w agon s.......................................
4,760,723
33 Lumber, planed...................................................
4,602,753
34 C oke.....................................
35 H ardw are...........................
36 Agricultural implements
371
Paints...................................
381
Confectionery...................
Silk and silk goods
40 Cooperage.
41 M arble and stone w o r k .............................
42 Clothing, w om en’s .................................... .
48 Umbrellas and canes................................. .
44 Soap and candles.......................................
46 Coffee and spices, roasted and ground.
46 Iron bolts, nuts, washers, and riv e ts ...
47 Cutlery and ed ge to o ls .............................
48 Sash, doors, and blinds.............................
Saddlery and harness...............................
Hats and ca p s..............................................
M alt................................. .............................
Brass castings............................- ................
Shirts........................................................ . . .
Cordage and tw in e.....................................
Patent m edicines and com pounds........

$95,900,510
74,780,835
45,099,203
23,935,604
23,282,775
22,951,782
22*880^439
17^902^662
15,188,196
13,556,721
13^043^829
10,466,016
10,288,921
9,482,939
8,774,049
7,757,260
7,397,734
6.898.628
6.337.629
6i04L618
5,112,227
4,942,769
4,539,399
4^489^555
4,265,525

$ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$38,000,000

8. W ISCO NSIN .

F o r Scale, see fo o t o f charts.

$27,639,430
17,952,347
6,580,391
6,533,926
4 Slaughtering and m eat-packing......................
li F louring and grist-mill p rod ucts....................

101
Foundery and m achine-shop products..........

4,883,797
4,496,729
4,350,454
4,324,433
3^965^652
3,742,069
2,975,687

9. N E W JE R S E Y

4,048,141
8,764,260
3,290,837
3,126,275
3,120,184
2,995,395
2,901,133
2,652,856
2,594,182
2,483,596
2,354,243
2,305,985
2,281,850
2,281,666
2,164,680
2,133,654
2,074,219
2,070,346
2,020,038
$ 2 , 000,000

* Only those industries are given w h ose State product is $2,000,000 o r over. The selec­
tions are m ade fro m th e lists in the “ Compendium o f the Tenth Census o f the U nited States,
1880,” and, as there explained, d o n ot include quartz milling, petroleum refining, gas, and
m anufactures b y steam railroad companies.

A l a .. .27 Minn. 4
A rk .. .37 M o ... 6
Cal. . .18 Nebr. 28
Colo. .35 N .H .- .14
Conn -15 N.,1. . 9
Del. . .36 N .Y .. . 1 0
/A C .. .34 N.C. 25
Fla. . .3 3 Ohio. 5
G a ... .21 Oreg. .31
i n . . . . 2 P a.. . 1
Ind. . . 7 R .I ... .12
Iowa. .18 s . c . . .2!)
Kuns. .19 iTenn. . 2 0
K y ... .22 T e x .. 24
L a ... .30 V t ... .32
M e ... .16 V a ... .17
M d ... .23 W .V a .26
Mass. . 3 W is .. . 8
Mich. .11

1 Sugar and molasses, refined.
! Slaughtering and m eat-packing
) Silk and silk goods
1 Foundery and machine-shop products
5 Iron and steel
5 Leather, curried
r Flouring and grist-mill products
i Smelting and refining.
) Leather, tanned
) Hats and caps
1 T o b a cco , chewing, smoking, and snuff.
1 C otton goods
i Drugs and chemicals
1 W oolen goods,
i Clothing, m en’s
i B oots and shoes.
1 Sewing m achines and attachm ents
1 Liquors, malt.
19[Jew elry .
20' Dyeing and finishing textiles
21; Glass.
22 Bread and other bak ery products.
23|Stone and earthenware.
24 Trunks and valises
25'Fertilizers
26!B oots and shoes, rubber
27 R ubber and elastic goods
28 Shirts.
29, Paper, n o t specified

*3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$28,000,000
$26,000,000
$24,000,000
$22 ,000,000

* 20 , 000 ,0 00
$18,000,000
$ 10 ,000,000

$14,000,000
$ 12 ,000,000

* '1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$8,000,000
$ 6,000,000

$4,000,000
$ 2 ,000,000

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C HARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

jsa: _
a

_
zisr t

j ie 1-A-

o

:e

t t j

P late 134

s

COMPARISON OF SELECTED INDUSTRIES BY STATES.—Continued.
10. N EW YORK.

For Scale, see fo o t o f chart.

11
Clothing, m en’s.
2 Sugar and molasses, refined....................
3 (Flouring and grist-mill products.............
4 (Foundery and m achine-shop p rod u cts.
5 Slaughtering and m eat packing............. .
6 Liquors, m alt.................................................
7 (Printing and publishing........................ .
8|Tobacco, cigars, an d cigarettes............. .

$81,133,011
71,237,051
49,331,984
44,714,915
43.096.138
35,392,677
27,885,376
24,767,504
23,652,366
22,219,219
20,314,307
19,937,953
18,979,259
15,210,879
14,758,718
14,356,910
13,376,380
12,295,353
11,014,820
10,707,766
10,189,267
10,170,140
9,991,259
9,899,540
9,874,973
9,874,098
9,858,768
9,723,527
9,455,900
8,907,737
8,888,479
8,524,279
8,419,254
8.084.154
8,073,766
7,985,044
7,652,672
7,322,970
7,147,443
6,765,719
6,686,389
6,574,939
6,464,058
6,192,002
5,797,531
5,718,529
5,679,607
5,649,122
5,340,806
5,338,753
5,296,691
5,207,135
5.095.955
4,879,894
4,343,924
4,339,178
4,281,877
4,205,080
4,108,464
3,884,300
3.792.955
3,705,127
3,610,472
3,509,367
3,396,633
3,328,102
3.240.138
3,150,312
3,120,452
3,095,302
3,075,000
3,033,777
2,914,119
2,828,757
2.776.154
2,728,628
2,458,445
2,420,796
2,379,816
2.365.139
2,321,990
2.304,680
2,270,854
2,163,511
2,142,730

lojlron and steel...............................................
11 (Clothing, w om en ’s ........................................
12iBread and oth er b a k ery p rod u cts........
13|Boots and shoes..........................................
14j F urnitu re............... ..................................... .
lSiLard, refined................................................
lG(Lumber, saw ed ..........................................
17|Mixed textiles............................................
18,Cheese an d b u tter.....................................
19(S h irts............................... .
20 Agricultural im plem ents.
21 M arble and s ton ew ork ___
22(Silk and silk g ood s.
23(Drugs and chem icals___
24 jHosiery and knit goods.
25 W oolen good s................. .
261 alt................................... .
M
271
Tinware, cop p erw are, an d sh eet-iron w a re.
28 Cotton good s
29 Paints
30 T ob a cco, chewing, sm oking, an d snuff.......
31 Carriages and w a g on s......................................
Paper, n ot specified............................................
Carpets, other than ra g ....................................
Musical instruments, pianos an d materials.
Lumber, planed...................................................
36 Shipbuilding.
37 Coffee and spices, roasted and grou n d .
38'Grease and ta llo w .....................................
391Furnishing good s, m en ’s..
40 Cooperage............................
411
Confectionery.....................
42 Soap and candles.............
Hats an d caps
Leather, cu rried......................................
Millinery and la ce g o o d s ......................
Gloves and m ittens...............................
Oil, linseed................................................
Furs, dressed..........................................
Jew elry......................................................
O leom argarine.........................................
Bookbinding and b lan k-book m aking
Cordage an d tw in e.................................
Paperhangings..........................................
Sash, doors, and blin d s........................ .
Artificial feath ers a n d flow ers...........
Patent m edicines a n d com pounds—
Stationery g o o d s ........... ........................
W ool hats..................................................
Brick and tile........*................................ .
Bags, other than paper........................ .
Saddlery and harness............................
Broom s and brushes..............................
Boxes, w ood en , packing........... ..........
Umbrellas and canes..............................
H ardw are..................................................
S ta rch .........................................................
Upholstering............................................
Fertilizers............................. - ..................
Gold and silver, red u ced an d refined.
Leather, dressed skins...........................
G lu co se ..................................................... .
Boxes, fa n cy an d paper........................ .
R ubber and elastic g o o d s .................... .
Looking-glass and picture fram es-----Dyeing and finishing textiles...............
Gas and lam p fixtures......................
Brass castings.....................................---■
Glass...........................................................
Fruits and vegetables, canned and preserved
Belting and hose, leather........ ........
W orsted g o o d s ...................................
Cars, railroad, street, an d repairs.
Lithographing.....................................
W ood, turned and ca rv ed .............
Baking and yeast p ow d ers............. .

RETROSPECT.
Total State Products.
1850.
[ Tu»a

*V»H

Product.

I 860.
Product.

|

1870.

[K
4b
45

35

249,010 37

1,249,123 43

Product.

(Values.)
1880.

1 State.

$185,410 47 A riz.- $
765,424 46 Wyo.1,489*888 44 N.M .2,494 511

178,570
47
36 1,406,921 40 2,851,052 40 Wash
34
291,230 38
900,153 42 2,343,019 39 Utah.
32
668,335 35 2,447,969 37 4,685,403 38 Fla. .
33
537,908 34 2,880,578 38 4,629,234 87 A rk ..
28 2,912,068 28 6,590,687 ai 8,154,758 36 Miss.30 2,236,640 33 2,976,761 35 6,877,387 35 Oreg.
29 2,690,258 30 5,412,102 33 9,292,173 34 D. C.
39
607,328 30 5,738,512
26 4,528,876 25 10,588^566 29 13,040,644 32 A la ..
39 2,852,820
23 7.045,477 27 8,615,195 32 9,858,981 30 S.C. .
20 9,111,050 21 16,678,698 20 19,021,327 29 N.C..
25 4,649,296 26 9,892,902 27 16,791,382 28 Del. .
31 7,168,538 29 6,577,202 31 11,517,302 27 T e x ..
24 24,102,201 26 W .V a
24 6,779,417 22 15,587,473 23 24,161,905 25 L a ...
31 4,357,408 30 11,775,833 24 Kans.
21 8,570,920 23 14,637,807 21 32,184,606 23 v t . . .
22 7,082,075 20 16,925,564 22 31,196,115 22 G a ...
18 9,725,608 19 17,987,225 20 34,362,636 21 Tenn.
8 29,602,507 9 50,652,124 19 38,364,322 20 V a ...
27 3,551,783 24 13,971,325 18 46,534,322 19 Iow a.
11 23,164,503 16 37,586,453 15 71,038,249 18 N .H ..
13 21,710,212 15 37,931,240 17 54,025,809 17 K y ...
36
58,300 32 3,373,172 25 23,110,700 16 Minn.
9 24,661,057 14 38,193,254 12 79,497,521 15 M e ...
12 22,117,688 13 40,711,296 10 111,418,354 14 K . I . .
7 33,043,892 12 41,735,157 14 76,593,613 13 M d ...
16 12,862,522 7 68,253,228 16 66,594,556 12 Cal. .
19 9,293,068 18 27,849,467 13 77,214,326 11 W is..
14 18,725,423 10 42.803,469 11 108,617,278 10 Ind. .
17 11,169.002 17 32,658,356 9 118,394,676 9 Mich.
10 24,324,418 11 41,782,731 5 206,213,429 8 M o ...
5 47,114,585 5 81,924,555 8 161,065,474 7 ’Conn.
6 39,851,856 6 76,306,104 7 169,237,732 6 N.J. .
4 62,692,279 4 121,691,148 4 269,713,610 5 O h io .
15 16,534,272 8 57,580,886 6 205,620,672 4 m ....
2 157,743,994 3 255,545,922 3 553,912,568 8 Mass.
3 155,944,910
290,121,188
711,894,344 2 Pa. ..

•

?

(Based o n the Returns o f the
Tenth Census.)

$ 8 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$

2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

11. MICHIGAN.

For Scale, see fo o t o f charts.

1 Lum ber, sa w e d ..........................................
2 Flouring and grist-mill p ro d u cts ...........
3 Foundery and m achine-shop p rod u cts.
4 Iron and steel..............................................
5 F u rn itu re .....................................................
6 Agricultural im plem ents..........................
7 Clothing, m en’s............................................
8 jCarriages and w a g on s...............................
9 Sash, d oors and blinds.............................
lojSalt................... .
11 Liquors, m alt.
12 T ob a cco, cigars and cigarettes..
13 Slaughtering and m eat-packing.
14 Shipbuilding. .
15 Leather, tan ned .

$52,449,928
23,546,875
5.271.142
4,591,613
3,514,176
3,102,638
3,029,478
2.741.143
2,440,402
2,271,913
2,184,31
2,146,089
2,065,634
2,034,636
2,029,653

1,284,846

3,250,134
4,324,992
5,646,448
6,756,159
7,518,302
10,931,232
11,882,316
13,565,504

16,738,008
20,095,037
20,514,438
20,719,928
22,867,126
24,205,183
30,843,777
31,354,366
36,440,948
37,074,886
61,780,992
71,045,926
73,978,028
75,483,377
76,065,198
79,829,793
104,163,621
106,780,563
116.218,973
128,255,480
148,006,411
150,715,025
165,386,205
185,697,211
254,380,236
348,298,390
414,864,673
631,135,284
744,818,445
N . Y . . 1,080,696,596

T o b a cco , chewing, smoking, and snuff.
Flouring and grist-mill p rod ucts...........
Lum ber, saw ed ..........................................
Iron and steel.............- .............................. .

1
$24,609,461
2
" 15,410,450
3
6^874*254
4
6^281^707
5
6,177,754
6
5^650'l33
7 Slaughtering and m eat-packing......................
8,876^740
8
2,718,822
9
2^217,000

18. C ALIFO RN IA.
$12,701,477
7,953,914
5,932,000
4
4,797,232
5
4^428,950
6
3,992,209
7
3,947,353
3,862,431
3,738,723
10
3,649,551
11
3,148,978
12
2,416,398
13
2,102,500
14 Leather, c u r r ie d ...............................................
2,001,850

Flouring and grist-mill p rod ucts.................... $19,089,401
11,285,032
Slaughtering and m eat-packing......................
6,185,628
Lumber, sa w e d ............... .................................J
2,212,197
Carriages and w agon s.................................... .
2,068,486
Saddlery and harness........................................

14. N EW H AM PSH IR E.

19. K AN SAS.

ll Cotton g o o d s ......................................................... $18,226,573
8,113,839
2 W o o le n g o o d s .......................................................
7,230,804
3 B oots and shoes........................ ........................ .
4 jLum ber, sa w e d .................... ..............................
3,842,012
5 Mixed textiles
2,703,281
6 W orsted go o d s ................................................... .
2,694,232
7 F louring and grist m ill p rod u cts....................
2,542,784
8 H osiery and knit go o d s .....................................
2,362,779
$ 12,
Leather, t a n n e d ..................................................
9
2,315,616
10 Leather, cu rried___
. . . . . . . ______
2,161,734
$10,J lllF o u n d e ry and m achine-shop p rod u cts..........| 2,024,656
0 0 0 ,0 0 0

........( $11,858,022
1) Slaughtering and m eat-packing........... ........1 ’ 5^618^714

20. T E N N E S S E E ,

$34,000,000

15. CO N N ECT ICU T .

$4,000,000
$ 2 ,000,000

000,000

11
Cotton g o o d s......................................................... | $17,050,126 |
2|Woolen goods.
8'Brass and copper, rolled
4 Hardware.
5|Foundery and m achine-shop products.
6 jPlated an d brittannia ware.
7 M ixed te x tile s.......................
8 Silk and silk g o o d s .......................
9 Slaughtering and m eat-packing
10 Hats and ca p s ....................
11 Paper, n o t specified..........
12 B oots an d shoes, ru bber.
13 Corsets___ t ..........................
14 C lo ck s ...................................
15 Sewing m achines an d attachments.
3 Flouring and grist-mill products.
1 Cutlery and e d g e t o o ls ..
3 Carriages and w a g o n s ...
3 Carpets, oth er than r a g ...
3 Firearms..............................
1 Hosiery and knit g o o d s ..
i B oots and shoes.................
S Clothing, m en’s .................

21. GEORG IA,

1
2
3

$9,793,898
'6^513^490
4^875^310

22. K E N T U C K Y .
$18,000,000
1
2
3
4 Slaughtering and m eat-packing....................
5
G
7 Foundery and m achine-shop p ro d u cts.........
8

$16,000,000
4,000,000
$ 12 , 000,000

$ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$9,604,147
’ 8^281’018
5,090,029
4^538^888
4,064,361
3,734,835
3^013^079
2,511,960

23. M A RY LA N D .
1 Clothing, m en’s.....................................................
2 Flouring and grist-mill prod u cts.....................
3 Fruits and vegetables, canned and preserved
4
5
f,
7 Foundery and m achine-shop p rod u cts..........
8 Tinware, copperw are, and sheet-iron w a re .
9 Slaughtering and m eat-packing.................. ...
10 Bread and oth er bak ery p rod u cts.................
i i B oots and shoes...................................................

$ 8 ,000,000
5.000,000
$4,000,000
$ 2,000,000

INDEX
to State Rank, 1880.
Ala. .32 M o ... . 8
A riz. .47 Mont, .43
A rk .. .37 Nebr. .33
C al. . .12 N ev.. .42
Colo. .31 N.H, .18
( ’onn . 7 N .J.. . 6
Dak. . .41 N.M ex 44
Del. . .28 N.Y,
1
D .C .. .34 N. O .29
Fla. . .38 Ohio. 5
G a ... .22 Oreg. .35
Ida. . .45 Pa.
2
111... . 4 R. I .14
Ind. . .10 s.
.30
Io w a .19 Tenn. .21
Kalis .24 T e x .. .27
K y ... .17 Utah. -39
L a ... .25 vt..
.23
Ale... .15 V a ... .20
M d ... .13 Wash 40
Mass. . 3 W .V a .26
Mich. . 9 W is .. .11
Minn. .16 Wyo.. .46
Miss. .36

$10,784,804
’ 3*744^905
2,274,203

2

$8 ,000,000

$ 6 , 000,000

$13,231,038
12,210,272
3,434,163
2,585,999

lj Flouring and grist-mill p rod ucts....................

13. IOWA.
1
2
3
4
5

F or Scale, see fo o t o f charts.

17. VIRGINIA.

12. RH O DE ISLAND.

Product.

618,365
898,494

16. M A IN E.

1 C otton go o d s......................................................... $13,319,363
2
7,933,868
3
7,100,967
4
6,686,073
5
5,823,541
6 Flouring and grist-mill p ro d u cts....................
3,966,023
2,909,816
7
2,612,350
8
9 Foundery and m achine-shop p rod u cts.........
2,232,675
2,170,321
10

$9,579,066
7,954,004
6,245,297
5,770,198
4^688^714
4’470’050
4^454^317
3,564,994
3,377,605
2,275,227
2,212,963

*10,-

000,000
$ 8 ,000,000
$ 6 ,000,000

$4,000,000
$ 2 , 000,000

Group of Minor Products.

Group of Minor Products.
|1. Flouring and grist-mill p rod ucts..........
~4' T E X --|2. Lum ber, sa w e d ........................................
1. Flouring and grist-mill p rod ucts..........
25. N .C ..
4. T o b a cco , smoking, chew ing, and snuff
20. W .V A 2. Flouring and grist-mill p rod u cts.........
1.
2.
28. NEB.. 1.
1.

27. A L A ..

Flouring
Lumber,
Flouring
F louring

and grist-mill p rod u cts.........
s a w e d ........................................
and grist-mill p rod ucts.........
and grist-mill p rod ucts..........

29. S .C ...
4. Lum ber, sa w e d ........................................

$7,617,177
3,673,449
$6,462,806
2,672,796
2,554,482
2,215,154
$6,054,032
^ ^ s is
2,431,857
$4,315,174
2,049,634
$4,193,086
$3,779,470
2,895,769
2,691,053
2,031,507

30. L A ... 1.
1.
2.
1.
2.
32. Y T ... 3.
4.
5.
33. FLA .. 1.
$ 8,
34. D.C. . 1.
000,000 35. COLO
1.
1.
$ ,36. D E L .. 2.
000,000
3.
$4,000,000
37. A R K . 1.
31. OREG

6

Oil, cottonseed and ca k e ........................ $3,739,466
Flouring and grist-mill p rod u cts.........
$3,475,531
Lum ber, sa w e d ........................................
2,030,463
Lum ber, sa w e d ............................... .
$3,258,816
W oolen g o o d s ............................................
3,217,807
F louring and grist-mill p rod u cts..........i
3,038,688
Lum ber, plan ed........................................
2,709,522
2,080,474
Scales and bala n ces.................................
Lum ber, s a w e d ........................................
$3,060,291
Printing and publishing.......................... $2,896,312
$2,534,644
Flouring and grist-mill p rod ucts.........
Iron and steel.......................................... . $2,347,177
2,162,503
Shipbuilding.................................... ..........
Iron pipe, w rou gh t...................................
2,000,000
$2,249,289
Flouring and grist-mill p rod ucts.........

2 000,000

$4,000,000

1*,000,000
$2

$ ,

N.Y.

KEY.

00 0 ,0 0 0

$ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
*6 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
*7 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

7 7 7

V > V -/ ?A Mai

* 8 0 0 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

7

7

2 2 ?ZZZl ZZHZZ& y
ZZZZ Z& .

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

ft

P

l a t e

M

135

SELECTED INDUSTRIES IN TWENTY PRINCIPAL CITIES.

(Based on the Returns o f the
Tenth C ensus)

L

1. CHICAGO, IL L
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
.10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41

Printing and publishing.-...................................
Leather, tanned...................................................

C offee and spices, roasted and grou n d ..........

Tinware, copperw are, and sheet-ironw are.

M alt........................................................................

Furnishing good s, m en’s...................................
Carriages and w a g on s.......................................
Clothing, w om en ’s ...............................................
Painting, and paperhanging.............................
T ob a cco, chewing, smoking, and snuff.........
Grease and ta llo w ..............................................
M arble and ston e-w ork.....................................
Looking-glass and picture fram es...................
C ooperage.............................................................
Oil, la rd ..................................................................
W ire w o rk ..............................................................
Lamps and reflectors.........................................
Cars, railroad, street, and repairs..................

A 1T T J F A C T U R E S

F or scale, see fo o t o f charts.
$85,324,371
17,342,207
10,441,891
8,934,629
6,177,114
5,959,295
4,914,550
4,387,545
4,080,900
3,627,310
3,429,375
2,961,508
2,808,879
2,796,0C0
2,C99,480
2,623,137
2,613,186
2,598,508
2,479,805
2,315,174
2,217,564
2,164,496
2,146,500
1.974.000
1,967,093
1,960,780
1,953,558
1,883,073
1.835.597
1,809,759
1,585,990
1,403,026
1.387.598
1.327.000
1,275,355
1,268,855
1,137,694
1.107.000
1,065,860
1,051,346
1,043,682

$ 8 0 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0
$ 7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

3. BROOKLYN, N. Y.

F or scale, see fo o t o f charts.

1
$59,711,168
’ 8,010,492
2
6,984,832
3
5^594,975
4
5*284,201
5
5,124,407
6
4,900,338
7
4,871,772
8
3,915,566
9
2,937,262
10
11
2,396,503
2,512,741
12
2,302,703
13 T o b a cco , chew ing, sm oking, and snuff........
14
1,999,788
1,978,145
15 Hats and caps, n ot including w o o l hats........
16
1,819,993
1,767,640
17
1,755,144
18
19
1,707,821
1,556,829
20
21
1,549,743
1,399,092
221
1,389,719
23
1,382,862
24
25
1,329,234
26
1,318,081
1,252,756
27
1,109,046
28
1,079,809
29

60
$o8.000.000

$56,000,000
$54,000,000
$52,000,000
$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$48,000,000
$46,000,000
$44,000,000
$42,000,000
$ 4 0 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0
$38,000,000
$36,000,000
$34,000,000
$32,000,000
$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$28,000,000
,000,000

$24,000,000
$ 22 , 000,000

$ 2 0 , 000 ,0 0 0
$18,000,000
$16,000,000
$14,000,000
$ 12 , 000,000

10, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 8 ,000,000
$ 6 , 000,000

$4,000,000
0
$ 2,, 00,000

2. NEW YORK, N. Y.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39'
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78

Foundery and m achine-shop p rod u cts.........

Musical instruments, pianos, and m aterials.

Coffee and spices, roasted and grou n d .........

T ob a cco, chewing, smoking, and snuff.........
Hats and caps, n ot including w o o l hats........

M alt.........................................................................
Tinware, cop p erw are, and sheet-iron w a re.

Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers’ good s

$60,798,697
29,297,527
21,690,354
19.137.882
18,930,553
18,347,108
14,758,718
14,710,835
11.330.883
9,605,779
9.415.424
7,800.250
7,663,000
7,096,315
6,913,691
6,871,175
6,229,926
4,974,458
5,771,009
5,608,015
5,215,393
5,153,080
5,002,198
4,927,886
4.825.424
4,592,622
4,474,018
4,320,972
4,298,684
4,008.503
3,900,414
3,697,904
3,694,178
3,584,300
3.499.143
3.456.144
3,350,731
3,179,734
3.063.501
3,058,487
2,977,090
2,932,049
2,614,877
2,613,361
2,549,628
2,334,659
2,220,919
2,173,505
2,071,565
2,071,005
1,952,289
1,826,845
1,798,550
1,762,278
1.747.501
1,738,452
1,699,729
1,619,217
1,573,561
1,527,600
1,479,492
1,351,789
1,302,313
1,295,259
1,250,306
1,242,844
1,213,088
1,161,177
1,157,826
1,140,427
1,098,103
1,094,700
1,061,284
1,061,205
1,037,768
1,035,549
1,028,352
1,023,494

$62,000,000
$ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
| $58,000,000
$56,000,000
$o4,000,000
$52,000,000
$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$48,000,000
$46,000,000
$44,000,000,
$42,000,000
$ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$38,000,000
$36,000,000
$3*,000,000
$32,000,000
$ '3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$28,000,000
$ 20, 000,000

$24,000,000
2, 000,000
$ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

4. PITTSBURGH, PA.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

N O T E S .

Printing and publishing.....................................
C offee and spices, roasted and g ro u n d ..........
B r id g e s .................................................................
C ooperage......................................................
Liquors, m alt.....................................................
Lum ber, planed............................................

1,708,560
1,558,250
1,451,816
1,422,481
1,276,420
1,214,032
1,152,892
1,150,787
1,054,395

5. PH ILAD ELPH IA, PA.
1
2
3
4
5
6

$ 12 ,000,000
$’1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 8, 000,000

$ 6,000,000
$4,000,000

$ 2 ,000,000

‘ Only those Industries are given
■whose city p rod u ct is $1,000,000 o r
over. The selections are m ade from
the lists in the “ Compendium o f the
Tenth Census o f the U nited States,
1880,” and, as there explained, d o
n ot include quartz milling, petro­
leum refining, gas, o r m anufactures
b y steam railroad com panies.
(1.) E xclusive o f the p rod u ct o f
reta il butchering establishments.
(2.) Including cu stom w ork and
repairing.

For scale,-see fo o t o f charts.

Iron and steel....................................................... $35,490,634

8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52

$24,294,929
21 *349*810

4*839*853

Shipbuilding..........................................................
Cars, railroad, street, and repairs...................

Tinware, copperw are, an d sh eet-iron w a re.

Hats and caps, n o t including w o o l hats........

C offee and spices, roasted and grou n d ..........

Grease and ta llo w ...............................................

3,267,981
8,174,145
3,162,340
2*804,874
2 ,m , 969
2,653,074
2*617,*725
2^466^410
2^800,786
2,104,721
2,*097*052
2,068,505
2,057,119
2,033,403
1,954,715
1,879,460
1,796,311
1,698,536
1,631,970
1,626,000
1,621,959
1,541,748
1,518,578
1,517,000
1,510,645
1,411,830
1,395,606
1,369,151
1,294,986
1,180,400
.1,159,198
1.120.198

............. 10
... 7
............. 3
......... 17
Buffalo, N. Y ....................
Chicago, 111........................ ............. 1
............. 8
Cleveland, O hio............... ................ 11
................ 2 0

6, JERSEY CITY, N. J.

$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

1
$22,799,614
2
" 18^551*783
3
1,517^214
4
1,464,500
5 F oundery and m achine-shop p ro d u cts..........
1,041,471

$ 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Jersey City, N. J .............. ............. 6
Louisville, K y ................... ............. 16
M ilwaukee, W is............... ............. 13
N ewark, N. J ................... ............. 12
N ew Orleans, La.............. ............. 19
N ew Y ork, N. Y .............. ............. 2
Philadelphia, P a............... ............. 5
Pittsburgh, Pa.................. .............4
............. 15
................ 9

........... 14
W ashington, D. C............ ........... 18
2

COPYRIGHT, 18C3, BY CH A RLES SCRIBNER'S SONS.

4

6

8 $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

3 s£_A_IESrTXIir,_A_ 0 T T J R E S

P late 136

SELECTED INDUSTRIES IN TWENTY PRINCIPAL CITIES. —Continued.
7. BOSTON, M ASS,
1
2
3
4
8
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

10. BALTIM O RE, MD,

____________F or scale, see fo o t o f charts

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

Boots and shoes (2)...............................
Printing and publishing........................
T ob a cco, cigars, and cigarettes......................
Leather, tanned.................................
Bread and other bak ery p rod u cts..................
Carpentering............. ............... ......................
Tobacco, chew ing, smoking, and snuff____
Safes, doors, and vaults, fire-p roof................
Lumber, saw ed ...............................................
Saddlery and harness.....................................
H ardware............................................
Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers’ goods

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

9,435,432
5,427,938
3,820,685
2,687,409
1,249,502
1,202,480
1,163,714
1,105,768

4,006,450
2,767,401
2,090,672
1,827,216
1,700,426
1,515,097
1,508,486
1,335,000
1,247,191
1,155,564
1,051,193
1,036,454
1,002,866

Leather, cu rrie d ____ ______ ________________ $ 8,300,722
Leather, tanned . .
6,345,856
J e w e lry ____________________________________
4,002,677
Liquors, m a lt.............................................. .........
2,812,300
Hats and caps, n ot including w o o l h a t s ___
2,596,578
Clothing, m en’s ........................... ............. .......
2,077,351
Trunks and v a lis e s ............................................
2,013,923
Foundery and m achine-shop p rod u cts..........
1,957,177
1,949,872
B oots and shoes (2)..............................................
C otton g o o d s .......................................................
1,598,397
Slaughtering and m eat-packing (1).................
1,527,660
H ardware, s a d d le ry ...........................................
1,524,008
C arpentering........................................................
1,390,874
Drugs and ch e m ic a ls .........................................
1,280,329
Celluloid and celluloid g o o d s ..........................
1,251,540
Saddlery and harness.........................................
1,180,404
Sewing-m achines and attachm ents...............
1,062,150

4^813^769
8,950 530
3,668,287
3,425,167
3,005 411
2,575,350
2,570,860
2,364,858
1,979,683
1,034,594
1,614,236
1,607,541
1,431,405
1,255,552
1,191,670
1,166,743
1,158,185
1,145,090
1,100.809
1,095,959

316,000,000
314,000,000

312,' >00,000

$

10, 0 0 0 , 0 0 0

3 8 ,000,000
$ 6 ,000,000

34,000,000
32,000,000

Slaughtering and m eat-packing (1 )........
B oots and shoes (2 ).....................................
Foundery and m achine-shop products .
Clothing, m en’s........................................ .
T o b a c c o , cigars, and cig a r e tte s .............
Carpentering..
:Printing and publishing.
•
Liquors, m alt.
Flouring and grist-mill p ro d u cts.............
Bread and other bak ery p r o d u c t s ..........
Leather, t a n n e d ...........................................
High explosives.............................................
Bags, other than p a p e r .............................
‘Coffee and spices, roasted and g r o u n d .
.Furniture.................................................... .
|Clothing, w om en ’s .......................................
Leather, cu rried ...........................................
[Shipbuilding..................................................

—

1 1
Printing and publishing........
$ 2,896,312 u
2 |
Flouring and grist-mill p rod u cts....................
1,172,375 u

i

19. NEW O R LEAN S, LA.
1 Oil, cottonseed and c a k e ................................. $ 2,751,150
1,573,281
2
1,483,000
3 Sugar and m olasses, refined............................
1,228,300
4 Foundery and m achine-shop p rod u cts.........
1,078,559
5 Clothing, m en’ s ...................................................

4,204,708
4,034,319
3,763,987
2,252,784
2,219,978
2,101,195

20. DETRO IT, MICH.
Iron and s t e e l .............................................
Clothing, m en’s ........................................... .
Foundery and m achine-shop prod ucts..
Slaughtering and m eat-packing (1).........
Flouring and grist-mill p rod u cts........... .
T obacctf, chew ing, sm oking, and snuff.
T o b a cco , cigars, and cig arettes............ .
Liquors, m a lt................................................
B oots and shoes (2)..................................... .

14. SA N FRANCISCO , CAL.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

Mi
■ i
■■
■■

18. W ASH ING TON , D.C.

13. M ILW A U KEE, WIS.
1
2
3
4
5 Foundery and m achine-shop p rod u cts..........
6 Leather, cu rried..................................................
7

|
Slaughtering and m eat-packing (1)................. $ 4,287,158
2,343,039
| oundery and m achine-shop prod u cts..........
F
2,312,802
T o b a c c o , chew ing, smoking, and snuff........
1,855,590
'Leather, tan ned...................................................
1,382,500
.Liquors, distilled..................................................
1,308,718
[Clothing, m en’s ...................................................
1,220,700
Agricultural im plem ents...................................
1,188,067
'printing and publishing.....................................

17. BU FFALO , N.Y.

9. ST. LOUIS, MO.
1
2
3
4 T obacco, chewing, smoking, and snuff.........
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24 Tinware, copperw are, and sheet-iron w a re.

F or scale, see fo o t o f charts
$ 5,444,092
4,522,179
3,602,947
3,537,000
2,273,254
2,250,273
1,869,819
1,458,740
1,421,100
1,250,164

1 ]F oundery and m achine-shop p rod u cts......... $ 3,577,029
1
Olau^iilvi lug auu iripjif-riupkiufr \7 J lllg *1
3,441,280
2 Sl5iiiP'htpriT]0^ aTirl uivat
3 G lucose_______________________ _______
3,075,000
4 Clothing, m en’s ....................................................
2,747,475
5 Flouring and grist-mill p rod u cts....................
2,251,848
2,002,893
6 M alt........................................................................
1,757,600
7 Leather, tan ned...............................................
1,636,020
8 Liquors, m a lt .......................................................
9 Lumber, plan ed...................................................
1,219,406
10 S oap and ca n d les................................................
1,176,840
B
1,068,296
11 1 oots and shoes (2)..............................................

12. NEW ARK, N.J.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

J e w e lry.............................................. ...........
Foundery and m achine-shop products..
W oolen go o d s ..............................................
W orsted g o o d s ............................................
Dyeing and finishing textiles....................
Cotton go o d s ................................................
'clothing, m en’s ...........................................
Slaughtering and m eat-packing (1 ).____
Gold and silver, red u ced and refin ed ..
ICarpentering.................................................

16. LOUISVILLE, KY.

Iron and steel....................................................... [$
Slaughtering and m eat-packing (1).
Foundery and m achine-shop products.
Clothing, m en’s...........................................
Liquors, m alt............................................... .
Paints.............................................................
Oil, lu b rica tin g ......................................... .
Flouring and grist-mill p rod ucts...........

$13,878,903
11,614,810
5,723,508
5,293 466

Liquors, distilled..........................................

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

11. C L E V E L A N D , OHIO.

8. C IN C IN N A TI, OHIO,

15. PROVIDENCE, R.l.

F o r scale, see fo o t o f charts

1 Clothing, m en's.
Fruits and vegetables, canned and preserved
Fertilizers.......................... .................................
Foundery and machine-shop p rod ucts..........
B oots and shoes (2 ).............................................
Tinware, copperw are, and sheet-iron w a re
Carpentering....................................................
Slaughtering and m eat-packing (1)............
Iron and steel..................................................
Bread and other bakery p ro d u c ts .............
T ob a cco, cigars, and cig a r e tte s ............... .
T o b a cco , chewing, sm oking, and sn u ff..
Furniture..........................................................
S h ip bu ild in g................................................... .
Printing and publishing................................
Flouring and grist-mill p rod u cts...............
C o n fe ctio n e ry ................................................ .

Sugar and molasses, refined............................ $16,518,760
Clothing, m en’s ................................................... 16,157,8!
Slaughtering and m eat-packing (1)................
7,096,777
6,234,775
Foundery and machine-shop p rod ucts.........
5,469,518
Printing and publishing....................................
4,426,264
Liquors, m alt.......................................................
3,867,917
Furniture..............................................................
Carpentering........................................................
3,748,358
Leather, curried..................................................
2,520,792
Iron and steel......................................................
2,189,937
2,166,966
Musical instruments, pianos and materials.
R ubber and elastic go o d s .................................
2,095,460
Boots and shoes (2).............................................
1,928.740
1,808,520
Clothing, w om en ’s.............................................
Confectionery......................................................
1,606,214
Shipbuilding.........................................................
1,479,148
1,471,582
Bread and other bakery p rod ucts.................
;Coffee and spices, roasted and grou n d ........
1,448,869
Marble and ston e-w ork.....................................
1.442.861
Masonry, brick and ston e.................................
1,392,231
Fertilizers............................................................ .
1,231,170
Painting and paperhanging.............................
1.204.861
Cordage and tw in e............................................ .
1,124,400
1, 101,000
Flouring and grist-mill p rod u cts........... ........
Tinware, copperw are, and sheet-ironw are.
1,055,472

(Based on the Returns o f the
Tenth Census.)

$ 6,013,602
4,141,547
3,889,503
3,782,963
3,720,813
3,121,851
2,987,576
2,722,270
2,275,360
2,070,884
2,014,345
1,565,868
1,565,000
1,336,718
1,280,210
1,150,207
1,102,475
1,087,843

$ 2,498,634
2,056,182
1,808,355
1,721,231
1,649,627
1,212,146
1,196,870
1,143,601
1,066,025

$10,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 8 ,000,000

$6,000,000

$4,000,000
$ 2 ,000,000

$ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$8,000,000
$ 0, 000,000
$4,000,000

,
000,000

Value per Capita of the Manufactured Products of the Twenty
Principal Cities of the United States, 1880.

City.

10
11
12’
13
14
15
16

N ew ark................... 3
Jersey City.............
C h ica go................... i
[Pittsburgh............. !
Cincinnati............... '
Providence.............
New Y o r k ...............
Philadelphia...........
M ilw aukee.............
Boston ....................
San Francisco........
St. L ouis.................
[Brooklyn ...............
Cleveland................
Louisville................
Buffalo ...................
D etroit.....................
Baltim ore................
N ew O rleans..........
Washington............

Per
Capita.

507
500
494
485
412
406
392
382
376
359
332
326
312
803
286
276
259
235
87
80

F o r scale, see fo o t o f chart
?

32
94
89
42
56
24
05
85
11
75
64
18
75
50
29
78
42
97
04
67

. 1

$500

$400

$300

I
$10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $00 $70 $80 $90 $100

$20 0

Total Value of the Manufactured Products of the Twenty
Principal Cities of the United States, 1880.
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

City.

Value.

N ew Y ork ............... $ 473,926,437
324,342,985
Philadelphia...........
249,022,948
177,223,142
130,531,993
114,333,375
105,259,165
78,417,304
San F r a n c is c o ___
77,824,299
75,915,033
G9,252,705
Jersey City.............
60^473^905
48,604,050
43^473^812
42,937,701
42,597,512
35,423,203
30,181,416
N ew O rleans.........
18,808,096
W ashington...........
11,882,316

F o r scale, see fo o t o f chart

$ 4 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 3 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
I
$ 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

20

I
**0

70 80
40 $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

90 $ 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 10,000,000

COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C HARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.

$ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

*

M ^ T S T T T ^ ^ Y C T T T ^ H IS

137

P late

TOTAL POWER,

Ratio to Total Population.

(STEAM AND WATER.)

R an k

(B a se d o n th e R e tu rn s o f
t h e T e n t h C e n s u s .)

.^■ h M L

Total Power.
H orse
P o w e r.

[lank

S t a te .

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38

A r iz . .
N e v ...

37
36
35
34

C o lo ..
F la . ..
N e b r ..
L a ....
O re g . D e l. . .
A r k ...
M is s . .

33
132
81
so
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11

10
9
8
7
6
5
4

W yo. .
N .M e x
M o n t..
Id a . ..
D a k ...
D .C ...
W a s h .U ta h ..

K a n s .S .C . . .
A la ...
T e x ...
C a l. . .
W .V a .
N .C ...
G a ....
M d .. .
T e n n .M in n ..
I o w a .K y ....
V a .- ..
V t ....
R . I ___
M o ___
N .H ...
N .J . . .
M e ....
W is ...
Conn. In d . ..
I l l ____

3
2

M ic h ..
O h io . .
M a s s ..
N .Y ...

1

P a ....

s c a l e

530
716
755
1 ,3 5 9
1 ,4 9 8
1 ,6 8 2
2 ,2 2 4
3 ,1 4 3
4 ,3 9 5
4 ,6 8 9
5 .8 0 2
7 ,1 4 7

:

2 5 ,0 0 0 H o r s e - P o w e r

5 0 ,0 0 0

8 ,4 9 4
1 1 ,3 4 8
1 3 ,5 8 9
1 5 ,4 2 8
1 5 ,7 3 3
1 8 ,4 5 0

K
L
M
M
M
M
M
M

^

in d e x .

A l a . . .2 7
A r i z . .4 7
A r k . . .3 1
C a l . . .2 5
C o lo . -8 7
C onn - H
D a k .. .4 1
D e l . . .3 2
I I . C . . .4 0
F l a . . .3 6
G a . . . .2 2
I d a . . .4 2
H I .. .
6
In d . .
7
I o w a -18
K a n s -2 9
y ...
a ...
e ...
d ..
ass.
ic h .
in n .
iss .

.1 7
.3 4
.1 0
.2 1
.

M o ... .1 3
M o n t . .4 3
N e b r . .3 5
N e v . . .4 6
N .H .. .1 2
N .J . . .1 1
N .M e x H
N .Y ..
2
N . C . . .2 3
4
O h io .
O r e g . .3 3
P a . ..
1
R . I . . . .1 4
S .C . . .2 8
T e n n . -2 0
T e x . . 26
U t a h . 38
V t . . . .1 5
V a.
.1 6
W a s h . -3 9

3
5

W . V a .2 4
W is ..
9
.1 9 W y o . .4 5
.3 0

2 1 ,0 7 9
2 5 ,8 8 8
2 7 ,5 7 6
3 0 ,5 3 4
3 2 ,9 2 1

P er
C e n t.

S t a te .

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
88
37
38
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15

7 5 ,0 0 0

3 7 ,9 1 0
4 5 ,0 8 8
5 1 ,1 6 9

14
13
12

5 1 ,2 5 9
5 1 ,9 5 2
5 3 ,8 8 0
5 4 ,2 2 1

11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2

5 4 ,9 2 9
5 7 ,1 7 4
6 3 ,3 1 4
6 3 ,5 7 5
8 0 ,7 4 9
8 7 ,7 5 0
9 9 ,8 5 8
1 0 0 ,4 7 6
1 0 6 ,0 8 5
1 1 8 ,2 3 2
1 3 1 .7 7 0

1

N
N
L
A

.M e x
e v ...
a ....
r iz . .

M is s . .
D a k. ..
D
N
T
A
K

.C
eb
e x
rk
an

...
r ..
...
...
s .-

1 .8 8
1.9 2
1.9 6
2 .1 2

A la . ..
S .C . . .
F la . . .
C o lo . .
N .C . . .
U ta h . .

:

5% o r
1 H o rse-P o w e r
t o 20 p e r s o n s .

3 .2 6
3 .3 2
3 .3 3
3 .3 4

G a ....
K y ....
I o w a .T e n n .W yo. .

3 .3 7
3 .6 3

\ a _ _
_
M o ....

3 .7 1
3 .7 2
3 .8 1
3 .8 3
4 .6 9

s . IN D E X .

A l a . . .3 6
A r i z . .4 4
A r k . . .z a
C a l . . .2 3
( 'o l o . .8 3
C onn - 4
D a k . . .4 2
D e l. . . 8
D .C .. .4 1
F l a . . .3 4
G a . . . .3 0
I d a . . .2 0
i n . . . .2 1
I n d . . .1 6
I o w a . .2 8
K a n s . .3 7
K y . . . .2 9
L a . . . .4 5
M e ...
6
M d . . .1 9
M ass.
5
M ic h .
9
M in n . .1 5
M is s . .4 3

M o . . . .2 4
M o n t . .2 2
N e b r . .4 0
N e v . . .4 6
N .H .. . 1
N .J . . .1 1
N
N
N
O

.M e x 47
. Y . . 10
. C . . .3 2
h io . .1 2
O r e g . .1 4
P a ...
7
R .I ..
2
S .C . . .3 5
T e n n . .2 7
T e x . . .3 9
U ta h . .3 1
lY t . . .
3
V a . . . 25
W a sh -IS

K E Y
U n d er IX

IX an d u n d er 3X

W . V a .1 7
W i s . . .1 3
W y o .. .2 6

ZX

”

”

5^0

»

••

"

10 X

••

»

5#

»

7#

C a l. ..
M o n t. 1 1 1 ...........
Id a . ..
M d. ..
W 0 8 h .W .V a .
In d . ..

6 .1 3
6 .6 6

M in n ..
O r e g ..
W is ...

15 #

2 .0 ^ o
1 5 X a n d o v e r ----------

O h io ..
N .J . . .
N .Y ...
M ic h ..
D e l. . .
P a .. ..
M e ....
M a s s ..
C o n n ..
v t . ...
R .I —
N .H ...

4 U

STEAM POWER.

s c a l e

2 .1 8
2 .6 0
2 .6 5
2 .9 9
3 .2 2

1 5 0 ,0 0 0

1 4 4 ,2 8 8
1 6 4 ,7 4 7
2 6 1 ,1 4 3
3 0 9 ,7 5 9
4 5 4 ,1 4 3
5 1 2 ,4 0 8

------- m

1 .1 4
1 .1 5
1 .2 1
1 .3 1
1 .6 3
1 .6 5
1 .7 7

1 7 5 ,0 0 0

2 0 0 ,0 0 0

2 2 5 ,0 0 0

2 5 0 .0 0 0

2 7 5 ,0 0 0

3 0 0 ,0 0 0

3 2 5 ,0 0 0

3 5 0 ,0 0 0

3 7 5 ,0 0 0

4 0 0 ,0 0 0

4 2 5 ,0 0 0

4 5 0 ,0 0 0

4 7 5 ,0 0 0

5 0 0 ,0 0 0

5 2 5 ,0 0 0

> >

Ratio to Total Population.

(B a se d o n th e R e tu rn s o f th e
T e n th

C e n s u s .)

A l a . . .2 5
A r i z . .4 7
A r k . . .2 8
C a l . . .1 8
C o l o . .3 6
C o n n -11
D a k . . .4 0

Total Steam-Power.
R an k

S t a te .

47
46
45

A r iz . .
N .M e x
M o n t. .
Id a . ..
N e v ...
W yo. .

H orn
P o w e r.

S C A L E :
2 5 ,0 0 0 H o r s e - P o w e r

44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

U ta h . .
D a k ...
D .C ...
N e b r ..
W a s h .L lo lo . .
O r e g ..
F la . . .
D e l. . .
V t. . ..
L a. ...
S .C . . .
K a n s ..
A r k ...
M is s . .
N .C ...
A la . ..
N .I I ...
V a ....
M e ....
G a ....
M in n ..
T e x ...
C a l. . .
W . V a.
M d . ..
T e n n .I o w a .R .I —
K y ....
C o n n .W is ...
M o ....
N .J . . .

370
427
544

D e l. .
D .C ..
F la ..
G a ...
I d a ..
1 1 1. . .

546
608
717
1 ,1 5 4
1 ,4 2 1
2 ,2 6 3
2 ,9 9 9
3 ,2 1 0
3 ,9 5 3
4 ,3 3 4
6 ,2 0 8
1 0 ,6 4 3
1 1 ,0 8 8
1 1 .2 5 6
1 1 ,9 9 5

5 0 ,0 0 0

In d . .
Io w a
K an s
K
L
M
M
M
M
M
M

y .a ...
e ...
d ..
ass.
ic h .
in n
is s .

1 3 ,4 6 8
1 3 ,7 0 9
1 5 .0 0 1
1 5 ,0 2 5

M o ...
9
M o n t . .4 5
N e b r . .3 8
N e v . .4 3
N . I I . . .2 4
N .J ..
8
N . M e x 46

-8 8 N . Y . .
.8 9 N . C . .
.3 4 O h i o .
.2 1 O re g .
.4 4 P a . . .
. 6 R .I ...
7 S .C . .
-14 T e n n .
-2 9 T e x . .
. 1 2 U ta h .
.3 1 V t . . .
.2 2 V a . . .
.1 6 W a sh

0
26
3
.3 5

1
.1 3

.3 0
.1 5
.1 9
.4 1
.3 2
23
-3 7
. 4 W . V a .1 7
. 5 W is .. .1 0
. 2 0 W y o . .4 2
.2 7

7 5 ,0 0 0

1 5 ,7 7 9
1 8 ,5 9 5
1 9 ,7 1 0

2 0 ,7 5 9
2 1 ,1 0 2
2 5 ,1 9 1
2 8 ,0 2 6
2 8 ,0 7 1
2 8 ,4 5 6
3 3 ,2 1 6
3 3 ,3 8 8
3 -3 ,8 5 8
4 1 ,3 3 5
5 7 ,0 2 7

36
35
84
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

.3 6
.6 6
.8 0
.9 1
.9 8
1 .0 5

41
40
89

N .C ...

1 .0 7
1 .2 0
1 .2 1
1 .2 5

88
87
36
35
84
83
32
81
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19

L a. ...
S .C . . .
A la . . .
D .C ...
V a ....
M is s . .
K a n s .G a ....
M o n t. .
Id a . ..
A r k ...
T e x ...
C o lo . .
I o w a .T e n n .F la . ..
O r e g ..
K y ....
M e ....
M in n ..
C a l. . .
V t ....
M o ....
W yo. .
M d .,.,
I l l ............
W a sh .
W .V a .
W i s . .N .Y ...
N .I I ...
In d . ..
N .J ...

7
A
5
4
3
2

O h io ..
D e l. . .

P a ....
M a s s ..
R .I ....

M ic h ..
Conn. -

D C ...
N .M e x
F la . ..
M o n t..
Id a . ..
W a s h .C o lo .- iA r k ...
T e x ...
M is s . .
U ta h ..
D e l. . .
C a l. . .
N e b r ..
Iv a n s .M o ....
K y . ..
O r e g ..
W .v a .
A la . ..
S .C . . .
I l l ............
M d . ..
T e n n .I o w a .In d . ..
R .I . . .
N .J ...
M
N
G
M
V

in n ..
.C ...
a ....
ic h ..
a ....

5% o r
1 H o rse-P o w e r
t o 20 p e r s o n s .

1 .3 7
1 .3 9
1 .6 7
1 .7 1
1 .7 7
2 .0 3
2 .0 8
2 .1 6
2 .3 0
2 .4 8
2 .7 9
3 .2 0
3 .2 3
3 .2 5
3 .8 4
3 .3 5
3 .4 5
3 .5 5

F la . .
G a ...
Id a . .
i n . ..
In d . .
Io w a
K an s
K y ...
L
M
M
M
M
M
M

a ...
e ...
d. .
ass.
ic h .
in n .
iss .

.2 5
.3 3
.3 1
.1 5
. 9

O h io . - 7
O r e g . .2-4
P a ...
8
R .I . .
1
S .C . . 39

-2 7 T e n n -2 6
-3 4 T e x . . .2 9
.2 3 U ta h . .4 5
.1 9
-4 0 . V t —
.2 2 V a . . . .3 6
. 1 6 W a s h -14
. 2 W . V a -13
. 5 W is .. .1 2
.2 1 W y o . .1 7
.3 5 1

20 #

4 .1 2
4 .2 7
4 .6 0
4 .6 2
4 .6 2
5 .3 6
5 .5 6
6 .4 4
6 .9 6
7 .2 6
7 .9 6
9 .1 6
9 .3 9
9 .6 1
1 4 .9 5

1 5 0 ,0 0 0
1 - 5 ,0 0 0

H orse
P o w e r.
38
90
10 8
16 0
803
880
932
939
954
1 ,1 3 6
1 ,1 8 5
1 ,8 4 9
2 ,0 2 4
2 ,5 0 8
3 ,4 4 9
3 ,5 3 5
4 ,7 8 5
4 ,8 5 0
5 ,4 9 5
7 ,6 1 1
8 ,1 6 2
9 ,0 1 2
9 ,2 5 5
9 .4 5 4
1 1 .7 9 7
1 3 .8 7 3
1 7 ,4 4 5
1 8 ,0 4 3
1 8 ,5 6 4
2 0 ,3 6 3
2 1 .8 1 0
2 2 ,2 4 0
2 7 ,0 6 6
2 8 ,6 8 9
3 0 ,0 6 3
3 0 .0 6 7
3 4 ,3 9 5

O h i o . - 3 S .6 4 1
W is ...
4 5 .3 5 6
V t ....
5 2 .2 2 6
C on n. 6 1 .2 0 5
N .I I .- 6 9 ,1 5 5
M e ....
7 9 ,7 1 7
P a . . . . 1 1 0 ,2 7 6
M a s s . . 13 8 ,3 6 2
N . Y . . . 2 1 9 ,3 4 8

2 0 0 ,0 0 0

2 2 5 ,0 0 0

2 5 0 ,0 0 0

2 7 5 ,0 0 0

3 0 0 ,0 0 0

M ass.
■

3 2 5 ,0 0 0

3 5 0 ,0 0 0

3 7 5 ,0 0 0

4 0 0 ,0 0 0

405000

fit a t a i

Ratio to Total Population.
R an k

S C A L E :
2 5 ,0 0 0 H o r s e - P o w e r

W yo. .
L a ....
N e v ...
A r iz ..
D a k ...

S C A L E :

1 .2 7
1 .3 0
1 .3 3
1 .3 5

in .. . .
M le h ..
M a s s ..
O h io . .
N .Y ...
P a . . . . 4 0 2 ,1 3 2

S t a te .

IN D E X .
A l a . . .3 8 M o . . . .1 8
A r i z . .4 4 M o n t . .3 2
A r k . . .3 0 N e b r . .4 6
C a l . . .2 0 N e v . . .4 3
C o l o . .2 8 N . H . . .1 0
C on n - 4 N .J ..
8
D a k . . .4 2 N . M e x 4 7
D e l. .
6 ,N .Y .. .1 1
D C . . - 3 7 | N .C - .4 1

7 2 .7 9 2

In d .

Total Water-Power.

37

N .M e x
N e b r ..
U ta h ..
A r iz . .
N e v ..
D a k. ..

1

1 0 0 ,0 0 0

- € 1 ^

46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38

47
46
45
44
43
42

11
10
9
8

(B a se d o n th e R e tu rn s o f th e
T e n t h C e n s u s .)

47

S t a te .

18
17
16
15
14
13
12

WATER POWER.

R an k

P er
C e n t.

R an k
IN D E X .

5 0 ,0 0 0

IN D E X .

A l a . . .2 3 M o . . . 2 7
A r i z . .4 4 M o n t . .3 9
A r k . . . 3 5 N e b r . 29
C a l . . .3 0 N e v . . .4 5
C o lo . .3 6 N . H . .
5
Conn.
6 N .J . . .1 5
I ) a k . . .4 3 N .M e x 41
D e l. . -3 1 N . Y . .
1
D . C . . .4 2 N . C . - .1 3
F l a . . .4 0 O h io .
9
G a . . . - I S i O r e g . -2 5
I d a . . .3 8 P a . . .
3
I I I . . . .2 1 R .I . . .1 6
I n d . . . 1 7 S .C . . .2 2
I o w a -18 T e n n -19
K a n s . .2 8 T e x . . .3 4
K y . . . .2 6 U ta h . .3 2
L a . . . .4 6 jV t.. . . 7
M e . . . . 4 ! V a . . . -10
M d . . . 2 0 W a s h -3 7
. M a s s . 2 W . V a .2 4
M ic h . - lllW is .8
M i n n - 1 4 W y o . .4 7
M is s . .3 3

7 5 ,0 0 0

S ta te .

47
46
45

L a ....
T e x ...
N e v ...
W yo. .
A r k ...
M iss . .

44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12

F la . M o. ..
A r iz . .
D .C ...
K y ....
C a l.. .
111. . . .
D a k ...
K a n s .N .M e x
A la ...
C o lo . .
In d . ..
T e n n .O h io ..
N e b r .Io w a . S .C . . .
W .V a .
W a s h .M
G
M
N
N
M

d. ..
a ....
ic h ..
.C ...
.J .. .
o n t.-

10

U ta h . .
V a ....
P a. ...
D e l. . .
W is ...
Id a . ..

9
8

M in n .N .Y ...

7

O r e g ..
M a s s ..
R .I . . .
C o n n ..
M e ....

11

10 0

6
5
4
3
2
1

V t. —
N .H ...

P er
C e n t.

< ---------m M

.0 1
.1 5
.1 7
.1 8
.2 5
.3 0
.3 5
.3 8
.4 0
.5 0
.5 5
.5 6
.5 7
.5 9
.7 5
.7 8
.9 3
.9 5
1 .1 0
1 .2 0
1 .2 1
1 .2 1
1 .2 5
1 .3 9
1 .5 3

IN D E X ,

Ala. . . 3 1

M o . . . . 40
A r i z . .3 0 M o n t . A S

Ark..

S C A L E :
5% o r
1 H o rse-P o w e r
t o 20 p e r s o n s .

48
C a l . . .3 0
C o lo . 3 0
C on n.
D a k -.
D e l. .
D .C ..
F la . . 41
G a . . . .2 0
Id a .
10

N e b r . .2 6
N e v — 45
N .H ... 1
N .J . ..1 7
N .M e x 32
N .Y ... 8
N .C ...1 8
O h io . .2 7
O reg . - 7
P a . ...1 3
35 R .I .... 5

111— .
I n d . . 29 S .C . ..2 4
I o w a . 2 5 T e n n .- 2 8
K a n s . -3 3 T e x . . .4 6
U ta h . . 15
K y - L a.
V t .. .. 2
M e ...
Y a —
14
M d.
W a s h .- 2 2
M
M
M
M

ass.
W .Y a .2 3
ic h .
W is — 11
in n . . 9 W yo.
44
i s s . .4 2 1

K E Y
U n d erIX

I X a n d u n d e r 3 % ___

zx »

..

W

„

„

IX

1 .5 8
1 .9 3
1 .9 5
2 .1 0
2 .1 5
2 .3 9
2 .4 4
2 .4 6
2 .4 8
2 .5 3
3 .2 6
3 .4 4
3 .4 8

»

„

10 # v

•*

15 # a n d o ver.

3 .6 7
4 .3 2
5 .3 0
7 .7 6
8 .0 4
9 .8 3
1 2 .2 8
1 5 .7 2
1 9 .9 3

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SO NS.

ZMZ^USTTTIF'^OT T J R E S

P late

138

RATIO OF STEAM TO TOTAL POWER.
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Ratio by States,
s c a l e

Rank

State.

47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38

Horse
Power.

:

v t ....

37

36
35
34

33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9

5%

20*

15*

25*
30*

M e....
N.IL-.
Utah. _
N.Mex
Oreg..
Ida. ..
N .C ...
V a ....
Nebr..
Mont..
G a ....
S.C. ..
Minn..
Conn.N .Y ...
Mass..
A la ...
W is...
Iowa.Kans.Bak..‘
Tenn.Md. ..
R.I—
Colo. .
Del. ..
Ariz. .
D.C...
N.J. ..

35*
40*
45*
50*

IN D E X .

IAla. . .30M o .... 4
Ariz. .20 Mont..2,7
iArk.. . 6 Nebr..38
ICal. . 8 N e v ...10
IColo, .22 N.H...45
iConn.
N.J. ..18
Dak... N.Mex 43
Del. .. N.Y...32
D.C...
N.C— 40
Fla. ..
Ohio. . 9
Ga___ Oreg. .42
Ida. ..
Pa-----15
1 1 1 .. .
R.I---- 23
In d .. -12 S.C. ..35
Iowa. -28 Tenn.-25
'Ivans. •27.T e x ... 3
K y - .11 Utah. .44
L a ... . l Vt. ...47
Me... .46: Va_ 39
_
Md .24 Wash.•A'!
Mass. .31 W.Va. 16
Mich. .14 W is ...29
Minn .34\Wyo... 2
Miss. -131

Wash.-

W.Va.
Pa. .. .
Mich..
Miss. .
Ind. ..
K y ....

Nev...
Ohio. .
8 Cal. ..
7 F la.. .
6 Ark...
5 Ill___
4 iMo___
3 T ex...
2 Wyo. .
1 ILa. ...

m

85.20
85.27
87.14
87.91
89.89

Ratio of W A TER -PO W ER

RATIO OF WATER TO TOTAL POWER
(Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.)

Ratio by States,
R
ank State.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
as
87
S
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

La. .. .
Wyo...
T e x ...
M o....
Ill___
A rk...
F la.. .
Cal.. .
Ohio. .
N ev...
K y ....
Ind. ..
Miss. .
Mich..
P a.. . .
W.Va.
Wash.N .J ...
D.C...
Ariz. .
Del. C olo..
R .I....
Md. ..
Tenn..
Kans..
Dak...
Iowa.W is...
Ala. ..
Mass..
N .Y ...
Conn..
Minn..
S.C. . .
G a... .
Mont. .
Nebr..
V a ....
N .C...
Ida. ..
O reg..
N Hex
U<„a..
N.U...
M e...
Vt. .. .

Horse
Power.

0.79
5.03
8.21
10.11
12.09
12.86
13.14
14.73
14.80
15.08
16.55
18.69
20.88
21.52
24.94
26.96
27.10
28.00
30.19
31.02
31.87
34.98
35.20
35.73
36.11
36.11
37.56
42.75
44.67

58.76

66.68

75.39
78.81

INCREASE OF POWER, 1870 TO 1880.
(Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.)

S C A L E :

Rank State.
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
89
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21

20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

9
8
7
6

5
4
3
2

1

Pop.

46.5
Nev...
N.IL-.
9.C
V a .-..
23.4
Vt. ...
0.5
M e....
3.5
Ind. ..
17.7
Ga. ..
30.2
N .Y...
15.S
N.C...
30.6
Tenn.- 22.5
Iowa.- 36.C
W.Va. 39. S
24.ii
Ky—
P a ....
21.6
U .S ...
30.1
Cal. — 54.2
M o.... 25.S
A la ...
26.6
Conn.- 15.8
Miss. . 36.6
N.Mex 30.1
Ohio. . 19.S
R.I—
27.2
M ich38.2
Wash.- 213.5
M d . .. .
19.7
Oreg..
92.2
W is...
24.7
D.C...
34.8
L a ....
29.3
Ill
Mass.. 22.3
N.J. ..
24.8
S.C. ..
41.0
Mont..
90.1
Del. ..
17,2
Utah.. 65.8
Fla. ..
43.5
A rk...
65.6
Wyo. . 127.9
T ex ...
94.4
Nebr.. 267.8
Kans.- 173.3
Colo. . 387.4
Minn.. 77.5
Ida. .. 117.4
Ariz. . 318.7
Dak... 853.2

25*

H. P.

Loss.
13.&
5
15.24
23.37
26.27
81.29
33.80
.35.82
36.00
36.78
38.82
45.38
45.47
47.06
47.10
47.93
49.18
49.80
51.27
55.64
55.69

s c a l e

Industry

Increase of Power and of Population, 1870 to 1880.
PerCt. of Increase

Total Power Employed in Thirteen Special Industries, 1880.

IN D E X ,

-31-Ky-----35 N.C. -.39
. 2 La. ...19 Ohio-27
.10 Me___ 43 Oreg. .22
J>id.._.23 Pa___ 34
. 5 Mass. .17 R.
.30,Mich. .25 S. C. ..15
. 1 Minn.. 4 Tenn..38
.13 Miss. .: T e x ... 8
.20 -Mo.
.11 Mont. .14 Vt. . '.‘.44
.41 Nebr.. 7 V a .. ..45
. 3 Nev. ..47 Wash.-24
.18 N.H...46 W. Va.36
.42 N.J. ..16 Wis. - .21
.37 V. Mex 28 Wyo. . 9
. 6 N .Y ...40

F e lt g o o d s .
W o o l h a ts ..
S a lt.
____________
S i l k a n d s i l k g o o d s ..........
C a r p e t s ........................................
H o s ie r y a n d k n i t g o o d s
W o r s t e d g o o d s ......................
W o o l e n g o o d s .......................
P a p e r .............................................
C o t t o n g o o d s .........................
I r o n a n d s t e e l .......................
F lo u r in g a n d g r is t- m ill p ro d u c ts
L u m b er, saw ed

1,141
672
108
1,5 6 2
2,15 1
5,4 9 2
6.3 0 2
5 3 ,6 1 0
87,611
14 8 ,7 5 4
1 6 ,5 0 6
46 9,98 7
2 7 8 ,6 8 6

1,4 9 0
3,32C
8.36 8
7 ,2 4 8
8 ,3 4 0
6,0 6 9
10 ,1 3 5
5 2 ,8 9 7
36 ,3 01
12 6 ,7 5 0
380,741
30 1 ,2 1 4
5 4 3 ,2 4 2

:

100,000 'Horse-Power.

Total H. P.

200,000

2,63 1
3 ,9 9 2
8 ,4 7 6
8 ,8 1 0
10,491
11,561
16,437
10 6,50 7
12 3 ,9 1 2
27 5 .5 0 4
39 7,24 7
771,201
8 2 1 ,9 2 8

300,000
400,000
5 0 0 ,0 0 0

600,000
700,000
800,000

I__________ 26 of Power Employed in Eight Special
Increase

Industries, 1870 to 1880.
S C A L E :

25*

Per
Cent.

Industry

50*

75*

IO O *

150*

2 5 .1 5
2 8 .0 9
F lo u r in g a n d g r is t- m ill p r o d u c ts
3 3 .7 3
C o t t o n g o o d s ..............
8 8 .6 5
105.05
I r o n a n d s t e e l ..........
13 2.75
P a p e r ....................................................
13 2.84
S i l k a n d s i l k g o o d s ___ ___

175*

20 0 *

225*

250*

275*

300*

t

'

KK
325*

— i

Total Power Available, per Hand Employed, in Eignt
Special Industries, 1870 and 1880.
s c a l e

Industry

1870. J 1880.
0 .2 9 '
0 .6 2

66.38
67.30
68.02
71.76
73.24
78.97
80.80
87.56
93.16
105.77
119.48
134.08
156.54
158.67
160.76
167.64
177.56
488.89

Water H. P. Steam H. P.

1 .4 9
2 .8 2
5 .0 7
5 .5 6
1 3 .2 0

Ratio of Steam to Total Power, in Eight Special
Industries, 1870 and 1880,

0 .2 8
0 .8 7

2 .2 0
2 .9 7
4 .2 8 '
9.871

:

1 Horse-Power.

1870.

1880.

2 1 .7 5
2 9 .2 6
3 2 .1 6

2 9 .3 0
39 .0 6
4 6 .0 1

W o rs te d

4 2 .1 9 ,

6 1 .6 6

5 8 .7 1

L u m b e r , s a w e d ..........................................
F lo u r in g a n d g r is t- m ill p r o d u c t s

Industry
P a p e r ......................................................................j
F lo u r in g a n d g r is t- m ill p r o d u c ts
C o t t o n g o o d s ..................................................1

8 2 .2 7
9 5 .8 4

g o o d s .............................................

IO O *

(

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S.

XIII. M iscellaneous.
IN D E X

TO

C A R R IA G E

G O L D .. ................................................... Plate 139
M in in g R e g io n s .
P r o d u c t, P e r Capita. T ota l
G old a n d S ilv e r P r o d u c t o f
G old an d S ilv e r P r o d u c t
1 8 4 6 —1 8 8 0 .
G old an d S ilv e r D e p o s ite d in

S IL V E R .

PLATES.

P ro d u ct.
th e W o r l d , 18 8 0 .
o f th e U n ite d States,

C A R R IA G E

M in t a n d A s s a y O ffices.

S A L T ............. Plate 142

N E W S P A P E R S A N D P E R I O D I C A L S . . Plates 148-149
P u b lica tio n s, T o t a l; W e e k l y ; D a ily .
P u b lica tio n s C lassified.
C ircu la tion , T o ta l; T o ta l e x c e p t o f D a ilie s; D aily.
R e tro sp e ct, 1 8 6 0 —1 8 8 0 .

T ota l P ro d u ct.

F I S H E R I E S , G E N E R A L ; O Y S T E R ; S E A L . Plate 143
T o ta l P ro d u ct.

G E N E R A L S U M M A R Y , BY T O T A L S .......... Plate 150

F I S H E R I E S , M E N H A D E N ; W H A L E ......... Plate 144

H a n k o f S tates in T e n P r in c ip a l F eatu res.

P ro d u ct, P e r Capita. T ota l P ro d u ct.
P r o d u c t o f th e U n ited States.
W h a li n g G rou n d s, P resen t a n d A b a n d o n e d .

M in in g . —

The

aggregate value

of the

147

G o v e rn m e n t L a n d G rants.
R a ilw a y M ile a g e , b y States.
T ota l M ile a g e , 1 8 3 0 —1 8 8 0 .
R a ilw a y M ile a g e o f th e W 'o r ld .
R a tio o f A r e a to M ile a g e , b y States.
Iron a n d S teel B ars, P r o d u c t; Im p o rt; C o n s u m p ­
tion.

M in in g R e g io n s .
P ro d u c t, P e r C apita. T ota l P rod u ct.
A n th ra cite , T ota l P ro d u ct, 1 8 2 0 —18 8 0 .
P ric e -C h a r t, 1 8 2 6 —18 8 0 .
T ota l O u t-P u t, 18 8 0 .

P ro d u ct, P e r Capita.

146

R A IL W A Y S ............................................... Plate

C O A L ......................................................Plate 141

M in in g R e g io n s .
P ro d u ct, P e r Capita.

BY W A T E R ............................ Plate

S tea m Craft, E a rn in g s , P e r C a p ita ; T otal.
W a t e r Craft, T o n n a g e a n d V a lu e.
Canals, In c o m e P e r C a p ita ; T otal.
C anal R o u te s.

M in in g R e g io n s .
P r o d u c t, P e r Capita. T ota l P ro d u ct.
C o p p e r Ingots, P r o d u c t b y States.

LEAD ORE.

145

R a ilw a y E a rn in g s, P e r C a p ita ; T otal.
A n a ly sis o f E a r n in g s a n d E x p e n s e s .
A ssets a n d L ia b ilities, P e r M ile.
R o llin g S to ck . P rofits. B a la n c e -S h e e t.

C O P P E R .......... ...................... Plate 140

IR O N O R E .

BY R A I L . . . ............................ Plate

These

G E N E R A L S U M M A R Y , BY R A T I O S ...........Plate 151
R a n k o f State, in T e n P r in c ip a l F eatu res.

figures

are

not, however, above

are here considered together.

product in 1880 of all branches of the mining in­

criticism.

dustry, excluding petroleum, was $223,505,018,

are certainly far too low, inasmuch as none

The following tables present estimates, by

as stated by the Census.

of the Western states or territories are credited

different authorities, of the gold and silver

one-tenth of the product of agriculture, and one-

with any production.

During the census year

production during the calendar year 1880, the

twenty-fourth of the gross product of manufac­

it is estimated that Colorado produced not

fiscal year ending June 30, 1880, and the census

tures. The following table presents the amount

less than 35,674 net tons; Utah 15,000; and

year ending June 1, 1880:

and value of each of the principal mineral pro­

Nevada 16,659 tons, while the product of other

P ro d u c tio n

This is only about

ductions, as returned by the Tenth Census:
M IN E R A L PR O D U CT S.

Those of the production of lead

two metals are generally found associated, they

Western states and

territories cannot have

been less than 10,000 tons additional.
A m o u n t .

of

Y e a r 1880,

th e

P recious M e t a l s

a s r e po r t e d b y

in

C alendar

th e

J. J. V a l e n t in e ,

of

W e lls ,

F a r g o & Co.

A lto­

V a l u e .

T o t a l

gether, fully 77,000 net tons, or 154,000,000
G o ld .......................................

....

$33,609,663(2

. . . .

4 i , i 7°, 957tf

thus nearly doubling the amount given in the

Bituminous coal (net tons)..

42,776,624

53,520,173

Anthracite coal

28,649,812

42,196,678

a n d

S il v e r .

pounds, should be added to the lead product,

Silver......................................

G o l d

“

Petroleum (barrels)..............

24,235,081

Iron ore (net tons)................

7,974,706

23, 156,957

Copper (pounds)..................

54,172,017

9,458,434

—

Several items here in­

cluded exceeded individually the total value

0 3

i ,

6 2

i

1,059,641

Washington.

105,164

Idaho.......... .

1,894,647

Montana.. . . .

3,8 22,379

Colorado.. . .

21,284,989

4,829,566

would

place

New Mexico.

711,300

3, 387,444

$40,000,000.

Arizona........

4,472.47 i

Dakota........

4,123,081

7, 935,140

Zinc

“

..................

62,681,459

4,240,006

Salt (bushels)........................

29,805,298

a.

greatly understated.

,

<,450,953
5

162,938,105

....

The value of minor minerals is certainly

5

U tah............

..................

Total..............................

Oregon. . . . .

i

A close estimate of all minor minerals

“

—

Nevada..........

$1 8 ,2 76 ,16 6

given.

Lead

Minor minerals......................

table.

California. . .

their

value

at

not

far

from

$223,505,0x8

Including estimated hoarded specimens, souvenirs, etc.

G o ld a n d S ilver. — Inasmuch

as these

Total

$77,232,512

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS.

C ll

These figures include lead to the value of

The data for the estimate of the Director

product of the state, but the large yield of the

$5,742,390, and copper to the value of $898,000.

of the Mint were collected by agents scattered

Bodie district put the vein mines nearly on a

Deducting these amounts the value of gold

through the country, who visited the principal

par with placers.

and silver becomes, according to this estimate,

mines and smelting works, and supplemented

the following counties: Amador, Calaveras,

$70,592,122.

the results thus obtained by estimates of the

Mono, Nevada, Plumas, Shasta, Siskiyou and

amounts produced in a small way.

Tuolumne.

P r o d u c t io n
YEAR

of t h e

ENDING

P r e c io u s M e t a l s d u r in g t h e F is c a l

30, 1880, AS ESTIMATED BY THE

JUNE

D ir e c t o r o f t h e U n it e d S t a t e s M i n t .
STATES.

G o l d .

The

third

estimate, that by the Census

office, is the result of an attempt to get at the

S il v e r .

T o t a l .

The principal yield is from

The production of silver is com­

paratively small, and comes mainly from the
two counties of Inyo and Mono.

production by a canvass, either by personal

The business of mining is in a somewhat

visitation or by circular, of all the mines in the

more favorable position in California than in

country.

It could scarcely be expected that

the other states and territories of the Cordilleran

Alaska ..........................

$6,000

....

Arizona......................

400,000

$2,000,000

2,400,000

California..................

17,500,000

1,100,000

18,600,000

such an attempt would be crowned with com­

region, because of the relative cheapness of

Colorado...................

3,200,000

17,000,000

20,200,000

plete success.

labor, fuel and transportation.

D akota......................

3,600,000

70,000

3,670,000

Georgia......................

120,000

Idaho ........................

1,980,000

450,000

Montana....................

2,400,000

Nevada......................

$6,000

Not only would

there be,

These advant­

inevitably, a number of small mines and work­

ages enable lower grades of ore to be mined,

2,430,000

ings which would escape notice, the product of

smelted and shipped than elsewhere.

2,500,000

. 4,900,0°°

which, though individually small, would form

with the exception of a few large companies,

4,800,000

10,900,000

15,700,000

in the aggregate a large amount, but since the

the mines are mainly in the hands of individual

New Mexico..............

130,000

425,000

555,o°o

North Carolina..........

95,000

information sought is that most sedulously

owners, a great many of whom are working

Oregon.......................

1,090,000

1,105,000

concealed by mine-owners, the results could

them in a small way.

South Carolina...........

15,000

15,000

not be expected to possess the highest degree

U tah ............................

210,000

....

120,000

—

95,000

15,000
—
4,740,000

4,950,000

of reliability.

In view of its difficulty, the con­

Hence,

O f the total gold product in the United
States,

California furnishes 51.38 per cent.,

Virginia......................

10,000

Washington.................

410,000

W yom ing ...................

20,000

—

20,000

Other states..............

14,000

....

14,000

The maximum annual production of gold,

$75,200,000

in the interval between 1850 and 1880,* was

California furnishes only a little over 2 per

$65,000,000, reached in 1853, at the height of

cent.

the California excitement.

first in the production of gold; while in pro­

T otal ................. $36,000,000
P ro du c tio n
en d in g

of

th e

—

10,000

$39,200,000

P recious M e t a l s

J u n e 30, 1880,

as

410,000

....

d u rin g

R e po rt ed

by

th e

th e

Y ear

T en th

C ensus .

siderable degree of success which attended this

comprising 71.47 per cent, of the product from

investigation attests its able management.

placer mines, and over 40 per cent, of that

A second maximum

from vein mines.

O f the total silver product

In proportion to its area, this state ranks

of $53,500,000 in 1866, was produced by the

ST A TE S.

G o l d .

S il v e r .

T o t a l .

portion

out-put of the Comstock mines.

development of agricultural and manufacturing

Following this

there was a general falling off in production
Alabama .....................
Alaska ..........................

....

$1,301

until, in 1875, a minimum of $33,500,000 was

to population, owing to the great

interests in the state, it ranks fifth.

Nevada.— The mining interests of Nevada

$51

6,002

Arizona ........................

5,951
2 n , 965

2,325,825

2, 537, 79°

California ...................

17,150,941

1,150,887

18,301,828

temporary rise, giving a third maximum of

is the prosperity of the state.

Colorado....................

2,699,898

l6 , 549,274

19,249,172

$51,000,000 in 1878, was followed by a reduc­

duction of the Comstock has greatly decreased,

D akota......................

3, 305,843

70,813

3,376,656

Georgia......................

81,029

81,361

tion, in 1880, to a less product than the former

so that, from holding the first place from 1871

332

Idaho..........................

1,479,653

464,55°

1,944,203

minimum of 1875.

to 1879 as a producer of the precious metals,

M aine........................

2,999

7,200

10,199

The silver product first became important in

25,858

25,858

1861, when the Comstock lode began to produce.

product of the Comstock lode in 1876 was of

The amount has since steadily increased, the

gold, $18,002,906; of silver, $20,570,078; a total

falling off in the product of Comstock between

of $38,572,984.

M ichigan..................

....

reached.

The bonanza in the Comstock, a

center in the Comstock lode, whose prosperity
Latterly the pro­

Nevada fell in 1880 to the third place.

The

Montana....................

1,805,767

2,905,068

4, 7i °,835

Nevada......................

4,888,242

12,430,667

17,3x8,909

New Hampshire. . . .

10,999

16,000

26,999

New Mexico ...............

49,354

392,337

441,691

1870 and 1880, having been more than made

declined to $6,922,330, of which $3,109,156 was

North Carolina .........

“ 8,953

140

119,093

up by the discovery of the Leadville deposits.

gold and $3,813,174 was silver, this being a

Oregon ........................

1,097,701

27,793

i , i 25,494

South Carolina...........

13,040

Below is presented a resume of the pro­

56

13,096

T ennessee..................

1,998

U tah ............................

291,587

Virginia .......................

9,32i

Washington ...............

135,800

W yom ing ...................

U , 32i

....

4, 743,o 87

1,998

5,034,674

duction of the precious metals in the principal
mining states and territories of the W e s t:

In 1880 its

total product

reduction of more than 82 per cent.
In production per square mile of total area,
Nevada holds the third rank.

In proportion to

1,019
—

California.— In annual out-put of gold

population, however, owing to the fact that

California still leads, as also in respect to the

mining is still the prominent industry of the

total out-put since 1849, when this state became

state, and owing to the smallness of its popula­

the chief gold-producing district of the world.

T otal ................. $ 33, 379,663

9, 32i
136,819

—

tion, Nevada, notwithstanding its reduced out­

The production has been

put, retained the first place in 1880, having a

U , 32 i

$41,110,957

$74,490,620

The discrepancies between the above tables
of production can easily be explained.

The

mainly from the

auriferous gravel beds, though a large amount

product of $278.14 for each inhabitant.

estimate of W ells, Fargo & Co., contained in

is still obtained from quartz mines.

Prior to

Utah.— Silver forms the principal part of

the circular of Mr. J. J. Valentine, was derived

the development of the Bodie mines in the

the precious metals produced in Utah, the

mainly from the record of shipments of gold,

eastern central part of the state, the placer

production of gold being comparatively small.

silver

mines furnished two-thirds of the total gold

The principal mines are located in the counties

and

bullion

through

this

company,

together with estimates of the amounts carried
by other means of conveyance, and losses of
various kinds.

It is probable that these esti­

mates were not sufficiently large.

of Summit, Washington, Salt Lake, Beaver,
*See PI. 139, “ Estimated Gold and Silver Product of the
United States, 1845-1880,” in which the figures are from Reports
of the Director of the Mint, except as to 1880, for which year
the Census figures are given.

Tooele and Juab.

The ores of Utah are excep­

tionally rich, and the mines are generally in the
hands of large companies. The bullion product

MISCELLANEO US.

cm

is remarkably steady, varying little from year

greatest possible variety in character— from

Georgia, but in few localities in paying quan­

to year.

the typical fissure vein to blanket deposit,

tities.

segregated deposits, “ blow-outs,” and almost

at the surface consist of disintegrated quartz

in Arizona mainly consists of silver, the gold

every other variety known to the miner.

containing free gold, which at a slight depth

product being only about 8 per cent, of the

ores, too, are equally various

total.

The characteristic ores of Boulder county are

amounts of silver have been found in Maine

Pima and Yavapai, although Maricopa and Mo­

known as tellurides.

and in New Hampshire.

have countie's also produce a notable amount.

hood of Central City and Black Hawk are iron

O f the gold product of the world in 1880 the

Idaho.— The production of precious metals

and copper sulphurets, containing gold; while

United States furnished 33.65 per cent., of the

in Idaho is nearly equally divided between gold

those about Georgetown, and in many other

silver product 44.77 per cent., and of the total

and silver.

The principal producing mines are

sections of the state are largely galena ores,

out-put of precious metals 38.66 per cent. Other

located in the counties of Owyhee, Lemhi,

with some sulphuret of silver and free silver.

portions of North America contributed 13.92

Boise and Alturas.

O f the gold product, con­

The ores in the limited district about Leadville

per cent, of the total product.

siderably more than half is from the placers,

present great variety, ranging from pure sand

It is difficult to determine the extent to

many o£ which continue to be worked at a

carbonate to chlorides of silver and native

which the country has been enriched directly

profit.

silver.

by its mines of gold and silver.

Arizona.— The product of precious metals

The mines are mostly in the counties of

Idaho furnishes 7.33 per cent, of the

The

in character.

Those in the neighbor­

The production from placer mines in

total placer out-put of the United States, and

this state is trifling, being but little

4.43 of the total gold product.

$100,000 annually.

In the quantity

over

The deposits are mostly in veins, which

are replaced by refractory sulphurets.

Small

(See Plate 139.)

It has been

estimated, however, by Mr. Albert Williams, Jr.,
that out of a total production of nearly $2,000,-

of gold produced it ranks as sixth, and in that

In the production of the precious metals,

of silver as seventh among the mining states

in proportion to area, Colorado has taken the

been net profit.

and territories.

The yield of precious metals

first rank; in proportion to population, how­

mining industry has moreover been incalculable

in 1880 averaged $22.93 per square mile and

ever, it ranks only third, owing to its large

in the impetus given to the settlement and

$59.62 per capita.

agricultural, grazing and commercial interests.

agricultural development of a large part of the

000,000, about 25 per cent., or $500,000,000, has
The indirect benefit of the

Oregon.— Oregon has at no time held a

Dakota. — The production of precious

Cordilleran region, which would otherwise, in

leading place in the production of the precious

metals in Dakota is limited to the Black Hills

all probability, have remained long unimproved.

metals, although gold was discovered in the

and almost entirely to Lawrence county.

state shortly after its discovery in California.

deposits are of immense size, consisting of low

C opper. — The

The principal deposits are in the counties of

grade gold quartz, which can be worked at a

on to a greater or less extent in twenty-one

Baker and Grant, those in the former county

profit only by reason of its abundance and the

of the states and territories, including Alaska.

being quartz veins yielding free gold.

cheapness of mining and transportation.

O f the total product of 56,920,266 pounds in

The

product from the placer mines, discovered in
various parts ol the territory, has been trifling.

The

Montana.— Owing mainly to want of

mining of copper is carried

1880, four-fifths was mined in the upper penin­

transportation, the mining interests of Montana

sula of Michigan.

Colorado.— The mining history of this

have not yet been developed largely, although

total is shown on Plate 140.

state has been one of singular interest, commenc­

it is well-known that the territory has abundant

ing with the “ stampede” in 1859-1860, to the

mineral resources.

rich placers of South Park and California Gulch,

1880, the mines were contained in the following

in 1844 on well

followed by the discovery of the rebellious ores

counties: Deer Lodge, Beaverhead, Madison,

copper in seams, shreds and masses.

of Central City and Black Hawk and of the

Jefferson, Lewis and Clark.

exceptions they were unsuccessful, and are not

silver-lead ores about Georgetown.

Lodge county produced more than two-thirds

now in operation.

the year after Colorado became a state, the

the total product of the territory.

mines which are now producing heavily and

discovery of rich lead carbonates in fabulous

mated

quantities in the neighborhood o f Leadville,

product was from placer mines.

In 1877,

gave another and unprecedented impetus to
its mining interests.

that

So far as developed, in

O f these Deer

about one-fourth

It is esti­

of the

total

The distribution of the

The ore of the Lake Superior region is
native copper.

The first mines were opened
defined veins, containing
W ith few

The ore of nearly all the

profitably in this district, consists of a conglom­
erate rock, in which the copper is deposited in

New Mexico.— During the years 1879 and

metallic grains, making from 2 to 5 per cent.,

Since the first discovery

1880 the mineral deposits of New Mexico first

by weight, of the rock.

of gold in California there has been no period

began to attract general attention, although

abundant, is easily worked and, with the ample

of so great and widespread mining excitement.

many of them had long been worked by the

facilities for hoisting and transporting it, is

The state leaped almost at once to the first

Mexicans, in a crude, unsystematic way, with

handled in immense quantities.

rank as a producer of the precious metals.

considerable profit.

lation consists simply of crushing, stamping,

During the census year

The ore is extremely

The manipu­

The following counties are the principal

the principal production was from Grant county;

washing, melting and refining the product.

producers: Lake, Gilpin, Clear Creek, Boulder,

small amounts, also, being produced in the

mine in this district known as the “ Calumet

Park, Summit, Ouray and San Juan; while a

counties of Santa Fe and Doha Ana.

The

and Hecla,” produces nearly 30 per cent, of

number of other counties, will probably rival

large areas of rich placer land in New Mexico

the whole copper out-put of the United States.

these in the near future.

have been worked very little, owing to the

Deposits of copper ore are widely distributed

The most promising

of these newer mining districts is undoubtedly

One

through Arizona, but mining is carried on

scarcity of water.

Gunnison county, from which the Indians have

Eastern States.— The production of the

successfully only in two or three localities.

recently been removed, and in which a great

precious metals in the Eastern states is not of

The mine known as the “ Copper Q ueen” has

number of extremely rich veins have been

great importance.

Gold and silver are found

been producing heavily for several years. Cop­

located.

upon the Atlantic plain in Maryland, Virginia,

per is also produced in the Globe district, at

North

Pinal, and in the neighborhood of Tucson.

The

deposits

of

Colorado

present

the

and

South

Carolina,

Alabama

and

SCRIBNERS STATISTICAL ATLAS.

C IV

The second district comprises an area of

duced by establishments, as distinguished from

6,700 square miles in the central part of the

that produced in a small and sporadic w ay:*

The ores of Arizona are almost exclusively
carbonates

and

oxides.

They

are

easily

lower peninsula of Michigan.

worked, but are not of high grade.
The

copper

production

of Montana

is

mainly from mines in the neighborhood of
Butte, Deer Lodge county.

They

C oal P roduct.

thin and weak in some places, and the coal is
i88o.f

1870.

not of the best quality.
The third district extends over an area

The ores are sul-

phurets and are very rich in copper.

The seams are

323,972

11,000

Alabama....................................

IA.778

second only to that of the Appalachian district,

contain also small amounts of silver, sufficient

and comprising over 47,000 square miles.

to pay for its extraction.

includes

It

nearly two-thirds of the state of

154,644
2,624,163

6, h 5,377

Indiana......................................

Illinois, a large part of western Indiana, and

Illinois........................................

1454,327
,
771,142

Iowa............................................

437,870
263,487

States, as indicated by the area of its coal fields

The extent of the fourth district is very

Kansas...................................... ..

150,582

now known, constitutes about three-fourths of

indefinite, its limits westward never having

K entucky..................................

32,938

946,288

Michigan....................................

2,345,r5
3
28,150

2,228,917

Missouri...................... .’ ...........

621,930

556,304

C o al .— The

supply of coal in the United

the western portion of Kentucky.

The following table, com­

been defined, although it is estimated to con­

piled mainly from “ Mineral Resources of the

tain in the neighborhood of 70,000 square

United States,” by Albert Williams, Jr., of

miles.

the United States Geological Survey, shows the

and

approximate area of the coal regions of the

and the eastern portion of Kansas and Ne­

United States in comparison with those of

braska.

Maryland....................................

1,461,116

the world’s supply.

other countries:
C O U N T R IE S .

100,800

It includes the western part of Iowa
Missouri, and

extends

into

Arkansas

224
Nebraska....................................

200

1,425

2CO
Ohio............................................

6,008,595

2,527,285

43,205

Besides these districts, great areas of Colo­
Coal Area.

Product in 1880.

(Square Miles.)

(Gross Tons.)

Great Britain......................

11,9 0 0

1 4 6 ,8 1 8 ,6 1 2

United States.....................

300,000

63,773,603

Germany............................

1 ,7 7 0

5 2 ,0 4 7 ,8 3 2

Pennsylvania (anthracite)........

15,648,437

28,640,819

rado, New Mexico, W yoming, Utah, California,

Pennsylvania (bituminous)----

7,800,386

18,425,163

Oregon and Washington are known to contain

Rhode Island (anthracite). . . .

14,000

6,176

coal, varying in quality, from the best bitu­

Tennessee..................................

i 33 4i 8
,

495,131

minous variety to the poorest lignite.

In

France................................

2,086

1 9 ,4 1 2 ,1 1 2

S10

16 ,8 6 6 ,6 9 8

duced from these deposits an excellent quality

Austria................................

1,800

16,50 0 ,0 0 0

of anthracite.

India..................................

2,004

4,000,000

Russia................................

30,000

3 ,2 x 8 ,6 6 1

2,817

43>°79

61,803

Virginia (bituminous).............

limited areas, local volcanic action has pro­

Belgium..............................

Virginia (anthracite)................

14^,01 <
West Virginia............................

1,839,845

608,878

580,505

The entire area underlaid by coal in the
United States, exclusive of the Rocky mountain

T otal..............................

33,310,905

71,067,576

Anthracite..................................
Bituminous................................

15,662,437
17,648,468

42,417,764

28,649,812

Australia............................

24,840

1 ,5 7 1 ,7 3 6

Nova Scotia.......................

18,000

1 ,0 3 2 ,7 1 0

Japan..................................

5,000

850,000

about 192,000 square miles.

It is safe to esti­

Spain..................................

3,501

The location of the principal coal mining

800,000

Total........................ ..

mate the latter at upward of 100,000 square

4 0 1 ,4 0 1

3 2 6 ,8 9 1 ,9 6 4

regions in the different states and territories, is

miles, making the total coal area of the country

shown in general on Plate 141.

approximately 300,000 square miles.

summary defines somewhat more closely the

The countries are arranged in the above
table in the order of their total product.

W hile

the coal area of the United States is over

and Pacific coast areas, has been estimated at

This is

f From returns of the T enth Census.

The following

about one-tenth the total area of the country,

coal region of each state:

exclusive of Alaska.

Small tracts of anthracite in the northeastern

Rhode Island.—

twenty-five times as large as that of Great

The anthracite coal field of Pennsylvania,

corner, and on Aquidneck or Rhode Island.

Britain, its annual product is less than half as

from which nearly the entire anthracite product

Pennsylvania.— A n area estimated at 12,770

great, and its production per square mile of

is at present obtained, is situated mainly in the

square miles, covering all of the state except

coal lands is less than that of any European

following counties: Lackawanna, Luzerne, Car­

twenty-four counties in the southeastern part

country except Russia.

bon, Schuylkill,

and

O f the various coal regions of the United

Columbia,

in

the

northwest corner.

States, that of the Appalachian mountains is

additional area in the counties of Susquehanna,

end of the state, the most important bituminous

the field now most largely worked, and prob­

W ayne and Lebanon, is now unproductive

coal field of the country in proportion to its

ably the one which, for many years to come,

except in the first mentioned county.

extent.

will prove of the greatest value.

It is known

amount of anthracite stored in the deposit in

tive, mainly in Tazewell and Russell counties.

to cover an area of 875 miles in length, with a

Pennsylvania is estimated by Mr. Albert W il­

N orth Carolina.— Small tracts in the central

breadth ranging from 30 to 180 miles — the

liams, Jr., at 25,000,000,000 tons.

part, principally in Chatham and Moore coun­

total area being 58,265 square miles.

It com­

had been mined up to the close of 1880— that

ties.

prises large parts of western Pennsylvania,

is, within a period of sixty years— a little over

three-fourths of the state; especially the region

eastern Ohio, the western end of Maryland, a

400,000,000 tons, or about one-sixth of the

of the Kanawha river, containing the thickest

small area in Virginia, a large portion of W est

whole deposit.

A s the mining of anthracite

bituminous coal beds of the Appalachian field,

Virginia, of eastern Kentucky and Tennessee,

is going on at a rapidly increasing rate, the

and a second important region about the heads

and the northeastern corner of Alabama. Much

remaining five-sixths will be extracted in a

of the Potomac

the larger part of this area produces only the

proportionally shorter period.

rivers.

area of anthracite

comparatively small

coal, which

lies almost

A

county

M aryland.— Alleghany county, near the western

The

and Sullivan.

one

small

bituminous coal.

Dauphin, Lebanon

Northumberland,

The

O f this there

The following table shows, by states and

Virginia.— A small area now produc­

W est Virginia. — An

area

comprising

(north branch) and Cheat

Ohio.— The eastern and southeastern

portions of the state, forming about one-third

territories, the production of anthracite and

entirely within the state of Pennsylvania, is

bituminous coal in 1870 and 1880.

worked to a much greater proportional extent.

of this table represent only the amounts pro­

The figures

* This occasions a discrepancy between the total of bituminous
coal given here and that given in the table at the commencement
of this chapter, which includes the entire product.

MISCELLANEO US.
o f its area.

cv
P etro leu m . — The

history of the petroleum

Illinois.— A n area of 18,864 square

The product of the United States is second

miles, including twenty-five coal mining coun­

only to that of Great Britain, having doubled in

industry in this country, as a branch of mining

ties.

Indiana.— The western portion of the

amount within the five years from 1876 to 1880,

industry, dates from 1853.

southern half of the state, forming about one-

while Great Britain required twenty years to

fifth of its area.

increase its product in the same proportion.

Iowa.— One-third of the state,

The first flowing well, the “ Fountain,” was
developed in 1861, yielding 300 barrels per

Kentucky.—

Iron ore is found in nearly every state of

day. Others equally profitable followed in quick

The region of the Cumberland plateau, in the

the Union, and in twenty-two of them is mined

succession, and the price of oil fell as low as

eastern part, containing the largest supply of

to a greater or less extent.

ten cents per barrel.

cannel coal in the country, and the western

of the iron ore product of the United States in

production amounted to over 3,000,000 barrels,

central part of the state, adjoining the coal

1880 and 1870 was, according to the Census

and during that year and the years following

fields of Indiana and Illinois.

reports, as follow s:

the industry developed to an enormous extent.

comprising the southeastern part.

Tennessee.—

About 51,000 square miles in the eastern part,
capable of large production.

Alabam a.— The

1880.

22,000,000 barrels.
T o n s .

Georgia.— A small area

in the northwest corner.

M issouri.— About

23.000 square miles, in the western part of the
state.

A rkansas.— An area of 12,000 square

miles, producing semi-bituminous coal. Indian
Territory. — Mines at Levaune and Lehigh,
supplying the railroads which traverse the
territory.

Texas.— About 30,000 square miles

in the northern and western parts of the state.
Dakota.— A large area of undeveloped beds
of more or less lignitic coal.

Colorado.— An

area estimated variously at from 20,000 to
50.000 square miles, containing bituminous
coal of all varieties, with small deposits of

During the year 1862 the

The total production for 1865 amounted to

1870.

ST A T E S .

northern central portion of the state, an area
of 5,330 square miles.

The distribution

Delaware..................
Georgia....................
K en tu ck y ................
M ain e......................
Maryland..................
Massachusetts..........
Michigan..................
M issouri..................
New Jersey..............
Hew York................
North Carolina........
Ohio..........................
Oregon......................
Pennsylvania............
Tennessee................
V erm ont..................
Virginia....................
West Virginia..........
Wisconsin................
Total................

V a l u e .

l 84,IIO
as,018
2,726

T o n s .

V a l u e .

clined in their production, owing to the great

147,799
6,553
120,692

72,705
33,522

88,930

3,600

$10,800

665
17,500

53,ooo

6,000
118,050
226,130
6,034,648

57,940

62,637
1,837,712
386,197

98,354

30,061
690,393
178,842
362,636

754,872

1,674,875
2,900,442

1, 239,759

3, 449 , r32

3,276
198,835
6,972
1,820,561

5,102
448,000

316,529

4,318,999

1,095,486

525,493
4,590

600,246
130,874
2,678,965
491,496
2,025,497
2,095,315
9,250
960,984
3,944,146
131,905
25,000
23,000

560
169,683
60,371
41,440

129,951
2,750

34,619
5,000

384,331

11,950

73,ooo

20,000

22,000

7,064,829

$20,470,756

3,395,718

$13,204,138

89,933

The free-flowing wells, however, soon de­

The distribution of the product for i860 was

number of wells which were sunken over the
limited area in which the oil was found.

At

the present time the producing localities are in
the western part of the state of Pennsylvania,
southwestern New York, northwestern W est
Virginia, southeastern Ohio, northeastern K en­
tucky, and a small area in California, which,
although gaining in its production, is not as
yet of great importance.
The oil region in Pennsylvania and New
Y ork continues to be the principal producer.
It has a length in a northeast and south­
west direction of about 160 miles, and is forty

not reported by the census; its total amount

miles broad at the center.

Utah.—

was 3,218,275 tons, with a value of $7,723,860.

are scattered about the oil-producing localities

Considerable areas in the northern part, along

The small product of Indiana in 1880 was not

in the following counties: Venango, Forest,

the Union Pacific railroad, and in the southern

included in the census statistics, nor that of

Warren, McKean, Beaver and Butler counties,

part.

Alabama, Connecticut, Maine, Oregon and W est

Pennsylvania,

Virginia in 1870.

York.

anthracite..

A rizon a .— Several

the Atlantic and

mines along

Pacific railroad.

Idaho and Montana. — Large areas as

yet little developed.

Wyoming.— About 4,000

square miles, with largely productive mines

and

Within this area

Alleghany

county,

New

O f these the largest producer at present

The principal iron mines of the country are

is McKean county, Pennsylvania, after which

at Carbon, Rock Spring and

other points

in the following localities: Northern Michigan

follow Alleghany county, New York, and W ar­

along the Union Pacific railroad.

California.—

and Wisconsin, in the neighborhood of Lake

ren and Forest counties, Pennsylvania, while

small area, productive only near Monte

Superior; the vicinity of Lake Champlain, in

the others are of much less importance.

A

Diablo.

Oregon.— Small areas in various parts

New York;

southeastern Missouri;

northern

Oil

is

now transported

to the refining

of the state, and productive mines only in the

New Jersey, and Lebanon county, Pennsylvania.

works and to market by means of pipe lines,

neighborhood of Coos Bay.

W ashington.—

The ore of the Lake Superior district consists

nearly all of which are under the control of

Considerable deposits worked at Bellingham

of a very pure hematite, ranging from a gran­

the Standard Oil Company, which practically

B ay and near Seattle.

ular to a slaty structure.

monopolizes the business of refining the oil.

It is very abundant,

being obtained easily from open quarries, and

The

is either smelted where mined or at Marquette,

measured, is run directly into the great tanks

and steel in the principal countries of the

or other ports on the lakes.

The ores of

of the company, and certificates to the amount,

world, is shown in the following table:*

the Lake Champlain district are largely specular

known as “ pipe line certificates,” are issued to

iron and hematite.

the owners.

Iron . — The

COUNTRIES.

production of iron ore, pig iron

Year.

Iron Ore.
(Tons.)

Year.

Pig Iron.
(Tons.)

Year.

Steel.
(Tons.)

Those of Pennsylvania are

crude

oil

from the wells, after being

In 1878 the statement published

mainly limonite of a comparatively low grade,

by the Pipe Line Company showed that it had

and it is possible to work them profitably only

in active operation nearly 2,000 miles of pipe,

Great Britain..........

1882

16,627,000

1882

8,493,287

1882

2,259,649

United States........

1882

9,000,000

1882

4,623,323

1882

1,736,692

Germ any................

1882

8,150,162

1882

3,170,957

1882

1,050,000

from the fact that the ore and the flux necessary

with necessary appurtenances for repairing the

France....................

1882

3,500,000

1882

2,033,104

1882

453,783

for smelting are found in immediate juxtaposi­

lines.

Belgium..................

1882

250,000

1882

717,000

1882

200,000

Austria-Hungary.. 1881

1,050,000

1881

523,571

1882

225,000

tion to coal deposits.

its lines, and a moderate estimate would place

R ussia....................

1880

1,023,883

1880

448,514

1880

307,382

Sw eden..................

1881

826,254

1881

435,489

1882

52,234

Spain......................

1882

5,000,000

1880

85,939

1873

1882

350,000

1882

25,000

1876

2,800

Other countries.. . .

1882

1,000,000

1882

100,000

1882

are similar to those of Pennsylvania.

Those

216

Italy........................

The ores of New Jersey

T o ta l..............

46,777,299

20,656,184

20,000
6,307,756

*From “ Mineral Resources of the United States.”— Williams.

Since that time it has greatly increased

the mileage at 4,000— connecting some 20,000

of southeastern Missouri, located in the neigh­

wells with the market.

borhood of Iron mountain and Pilot Knob,

and storage amount to twenty cents per barrel.

consist mainly of a rich hematite.

The company does not insure the oil in its

For additional statistics of iron see M anu ­
factures ,

pages xcv-xcvi.

The charges for piping

hands, but all losses from accident or fire are
divided up among the several owners of the oil.

SCRIBNERS ST A TISTICAL A TLAS.

CV1

galena

and

flint, and the

mining.

decade the principal lead-producing regions

tons, and that of Nevada 16,659 tons, the

deposit lies under a bed of limestone.

of the United States were two in number:

latter almost entirely from the Eureka silver­

production of this district is now so large as

First, the upper Mississippi region, comprising

mining district.

to control the zinc market of the United States..

nearly 3,000 square miles, in northern Illinois,

ville deposits, in 1877, Colorado became the

southwestern Wisconsin

largest producer of lead.

and

eastern

Iowa;

Its product in 1880 was 15,000 net

associated with

L e a d . — Prior to the opening of the last

On the opening of the LeadIn 1880 the product

S alt .— Salt

The

is made extensively in Michigan,,

and, second, a much smaller but more pro­

was 35,674 net tons, nearly all of which was

New York, W est Virginia

ductive district in eastern Missouri, principally

from the Leadville district.

evaporation, mainly by

in Washington

Idaho small quantities of lead have been pro­

subterranean brines.

duced in connection with silver mining.

In the

produced by the same means in Pennsylvania,

The deposits of both these districts are of

Appalachian region lead is produced in paying

Utah (from the water of Great Salt Lake),

galena, and consist of pockets and gash veins

quantities only in Virginia and eastern Ten­

Virginia, Nevada, Texas, Kentucky, Kansas and

in lower silurian limestone. They were worked

nessee, the product, however, being small.

W yoming, and is largely produced in Cali­

county, but extending into

Jefferson and Franklin counties.

In Montana and

and

Ohio

by

artificial heat, from

T o a smaller extent it is

fornia by the evaporation of sea water; and,

to a small extent even in the last century, but
were not largely developed until 1826, at which

Z in c .— The

time the production began to increase rapidly.

United States, prior to 1873, was v e r y small.

Between 1840 and 1848 the out-put from these

In that year the production was reported to be

mines was so heavy that a large amount of lead

7,343 net tons.

In 1875, it was 15,833 net tons,

duction of the country was derived from the

was exported, but in 1850, in consequence of

and in 1880, the Census Report placed the

salt wells in Michigan and New York, from

their comparative exhaustion, the importation

product at 23,239 net tons.

The imports of

solar evaporation in California, and from the

of lead was resumed, and has continued to be

zinc amounted in 1872 to nearly 13,500 net

mines of rock salt at Petite Anse, on the

large until a very recent date.

tons; but with the increase of the product in

coast of Louisiana.

regions produced jointly, during 1880, 27,690

this country, they fell off greatly.

total product among the different states is

net tons, of which only about one-eighth was

importation did not exceed one-third that of

from the upper Mississippi district.

1872, and in 1880, was but 4,454 net tons,

The earliest production of salt on a large

while the exports of domestic zinc amounted

scale, from subterranean brines, was in W est

to 744 tons.

Virginia, on the Kanawha river, and in south­

These two

In 1871 a third district in southwestern
Missouri and southeastern Kansas began to

amount of zinc produced in the

In 1875, the

during the census year, a small amount was
made in Massachusetts in this way.
During the census year, the principal pro­

The distribution of the

shown on Plate 142.

eastern Ohio, in the neighborhood of the Ohio

be developed, and has gradually increased its

The principal mines of zinc are in New Jer­

product, which in 1879, amounted to 22,625

sey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Wisconsin, Illinois,

river.

gross tons.

Tennessee, Missouri and Kansas.

Those of

region is of low grade, and the product of the

New Jersey are in the neighborhood of the

New York and Michigan wells has gradually

production in the United States from 1825 to

town of Franklin, Sussex county.

superseded W est Virginia salt in the market,

the present date, in net tons:*

are the red oxide, willamite and franklinite.

The following table gives the annual lead

The ores

The deposits fill a space between limestone
Y ear.

N e t T ons .

Y e ar .

N e t T ons .

Y ear.

N e t T ons .

walls, and are chimney-like in form.

In Penn­

The brine from the springs of this

except for merely local consumption.
The New York salt springs are mainly in
the Onondaga district, in the western part of

18 4 7 . . . .

28,000

1 8 6 4 ...•

15, 3 0 °

1 8 3 0 ..........

8,000

18 4 8 ..:.

25,000

18 6 5 ....

1 4 ,7 0 0

1 8 3 1 ...........

7, 5 ° °

1 8 4 9 ------

2 3 ,5° °

18 6 6 ....

16,10 0

1 8 3 2 ..........

10 ,0 0 0

1 8 5 0 ------

22,000

1 8 6 7 .....

15,200

1 8 3 3 ..........

11,0 0 0

1 8 5 1 ....

18 ,500

18 6 8 ....

1 6 ,4 0 0

little.

1 8 3 4 ...........

12,0 0 0

1 8 5 2 -----

1 5 ,7 0 0

1 8 6 9 -----

1 7 ,5 0 0

found scattered over the surface of the ground,

discovered in the neighborhood of the salt

1 8 3 5 ...........

1 3 , 000

1 8 5 3 ....

16 ,800

18 7 0 ....

15 ,0 0 0

and has been collected and sold to the extent

springs

1 8 3 6 ..........

18 5 4 ....

16,5 0 0

1 8 7 1 ___

20,000

1 8 3 7 ...........

i 3, 5° °

of several thousand tons.

valuable.

1 8 5 5 ....

15,800

1 8 7 2 ....

25 ,8 8 0

1 8 3 8 ..........

15 ,0 0 0
1 8 5 6 -----

16,000

1 8 7 3 ....

42,540

1 8 5 7 ....

15,800

1 8 7 4 ....

1 8 3 9 ...........

17 ,5 °°

1 8 4 0 ..........

17,000

1 8 4 1 ...........

20 ,5 0 0

1 8 4 2 ..........

24,0 0 0 •

1 8 4 3 ...........

25,0 0 0

00
0

1,5 0 °

M

1 8 2 5 ..........

sylvania, the zinc deposits are in the Saucon

the state.

valley, Lehigh county.

pumping, from artesian wells.

extensively worked,

Although at one time

they now produce but

In W ythe county, Virginia, zinc ore is

The brine is obtained by means of
The property is

owned by the state, by which it is leased to
individuals.

Deposits of rock salt, recently

in New York, promise to be very

The zinc-producing district of Illinois and

The salt production of Michigan is derived

5 2 ,0 8 0

Wisconsin is practically the same as the lead

from the following counties: Bay, Saginaw,
Huron, Iosco, Midland and Gratiot, situated

1 8 5 8 ....

15,30 °

1 8 7 5 ....

59,640

18 5 9 ....

16 ,400

1 8 7 6 ....

6 4 ,0 7 0

of lead-mining in this district, the zinc ofes,

on or near Saginaw bay.

i8 6 0 ....

15 ,60 0

18 7 7 ....

8 1 ,9 0 0

consisting here of zinc blende intimately asso­

springs is the strongest which has yet been

14,100

18 7 8 ....

9 1,0 60

ciated with galena, were not recognized as

discovered in large quantities.

valuable, but of late years they have been

cheapness of fuel employed in the manufacture,

worked quite extensively.

The deposits of zinc

consisting of the "refuse from the saw-mills

ores near Knoxville, Tennessee, have, for a

in the immediate neighborhood, the salt of

number of years past, produced but little.

this district practically controls the market at

18 4 4 .....

26 ,0 00

1 8 6 1 ....

1 8 4 5 ..;..

30 ,0 0 0

18 6 2 ....

14,200

18 7 9 ....

92,780

1 8 4 6 ..........

28 ,000

1 8 6 3 ------

14,800

1 8 8 0 ....

In the earlier days

1

district, already described.

9 7 ,8 2 5

A s mentioned in the opening of this chap­
ter, the Census statistics of the production of

present.

The

The brine from these

production

Owing to the

of Michigan

has

States and territories

The zinc region of southwestern Missouri

not reported as producing, are estimated as

and eastern Kansas is coextensive with the

risen from 4,000 barrels, in i860, to nearly

follows: In Utah lead is mined and smelted

lead region heretofore described in treating

2,750,000 in 1880.

in large amounts in connection with silver

of that metal.

lead are only partial.

* For the years between 1825 and 1853, the figures are those
Caswell.

The deposit of rock salt at Petite Anse,

Greene, Dade, Jasper, Lawrence, Newton and
given by Whitney ; for the later years the authority is Edward A.

It is found in the counties of

Louisiana, upon one of the small islands on

McDonald in Missouri, and Cherokee county,

the borders of the coast swamp, is of enormous

Kansas.

extent and of excellent quality.

The ore is zinc blende and calamine,

A n idea of

MISCELLANEO US.

e v il

the magnitude of the deposit may be gained

ment of this industry is in Chesapeake Bay,

and gravity.

from the fact that, up to the present time, the

which in the census year produced more than

engines, with stationary engines to overcome

workings have developed a rectangular mass

half the oysters of the country.

heavy grades, immediately occasioned a great

640 feet by 380 feet in horizontal dimensions,

this was the product of New Y ork Bay and

while a shaft‘ has been sunken through 165

Long Island Sound, while smaller amounts

A t the beginning of 1835, as estimated

feet of solid salt, and no limits have been

were obtained at other points on the Atlantic

by Pitkin, who expressed grave apprehensions

reached in either direction.

and Gulf coasts.

regarding this new element of material interest,

Estimating on a

Second to

The application of locomotive

increase in railway building.

the total cost of railroads completed, or near

basis of these dimensions, the property, as thus

The product of the seal fishery, which, in

far developed, contains 40,000,000 cubic feet,

1880, was valued at $2,289,813, is confined

completion, was about $30,000,000.

or about

Further

almost entirely to the islands of St. Paul and

plored the craze for railroads at some length,

surface explorations by means of pits have

St. George, of the Pribylov group, in Bering

in the following strain: “ In this, as in every­

established the fact that salt exists over an area

sea.

thing else which is new and connected with

of 144 acres, or more than ten times the area

fur-seal taken elsewhere within the limits of

individual

now explored by underground workings.

the United States.

sober calculations.”

2,800,000 tons

of salt.

The

Indeed, there are practically none of the
A monopoly of the fur-seal

interest,

fancied

He de­

benefits

outrun

But, despite Pitkin and

existence of this deposit has been known for

fishery upon these islands is enjoyed by the

other conservatives, railroad building continued

many years, and mining operations have been

Alaska Fur Company, in consideration of a

with only partial intermissions, and even now

carried on at various times, but with unprofit­

royalty paid to the Government and of the

shows few signs of abatement.

able results until recently.

observance of certain restrictions in regard to

upon Plate 147 illustrate far more forcibly than

controlling the property is rapidly increasing

the destruction of these animals.

The principal

columns of figures, the wonderful progress of

the out-put.

of these restrictions are that none but full

railroad construction in this country, which now

grown males shall be slaughtered, and of these

has more miles of railway than all of Europe,

a number not greater than 100,000 in each

and nearly two-fifths of the entire mileage of

were employed in the fisheries of the United

year.

the world.

States, including in this term not only the

states and territories was almost entirely of

fisheries proper, but the catching of seals and

the hair-seal species.

Fisheries. — During

The company now

the census year there

The catch of seals reported from other

The diagrams

On June 1, 1880, in addition to 87,891 miles
ot completed railroad in the United States,

The menhaden fishery, which had a product

there were 10,016 miles under construction,

By this industry, 131,426 per­

in 1880 valued at $2,116,787, is confined to

and about 41,000 miles of projected roads

sons earned a livelihood, while the products

that part of the Atlantic coast between Massa­

and extensions.

had a value of $43,046,053.

chusetts and Virginia, and

panies was 1,482.

whales, and the dredging of oysters, a capital
of $37>955>349-

O f this, somewhat

more than one-half, or $22,405,018, was the

development

product of fisheries proper, or, as they are

has its greatest

necticut and Rhode Island.

designated by the Census, “ General Fisheries.”

in

New York, Virginia,

Con­

The number of railroad com­
The following is a general

statement of the financial condition of these
companies at that date:

The product of the whale fishery was, in
Amount.

S T A T E M E N T , J U N E i , 1880.

Average
per Mile.

These are in the main distributed along the sea

1880, $2,323,943.

This industry, once of para­

and lake coasts, the catch from interior river

mount importance to the cities and towns on

Assets.

waters being of but little comparative value.

the coast of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and

C o s t o f c o n s t r u c t io n o f r o a d s — t o t a l . . .

$ 4 ,1 1 2 ,3 6 7 ,1 7 6

$ 4 7 ,3 8 7

C o s t o f e q u ip m e n t — t o t a l.............................

4 18 ,0 4 5 ,4 5 8

4 ,8 1 7

V a lu e o f la n d s a n d b u i l d i n g s .....................

10 3 ,3 19 ,8 4 5

1 ,1 9 1

V a lu e o f t e le g r a p h lin e s , e t c .....................

2 0 4 ,9 1 3 ,1 9 6

2 ,3 6 1

3 4 3 ,8 0 0 ,13 2

3 ,9 6 2

C a s h a n d o t h e r a s s e t s .....................................

3 5 3 ,9 7 3 ,9 8 1

4 ,0 7 9

T o t a l a s s e t s ...............................................

$ 5 ,5 3 6 ,4 1 9 ,7 8 8

$ 6 3 ,7 9 7

The extensive cod and mackerel fisheries help

Connecticut has, during the past twenty-five

to place Massachusetts and Maine in the lead

years diminished astonishingly.

in this industry, while, upon the Pacific coast,

and i860, the tonnage employed in this pursuit

Between 1840

S to ck

and

bonds

o w n e d — is s u e d

by

o t h e r c o m p a n i e s ..........................................

the great interest of salmon-canning places

ranged from 146,000 to nearly 200,000, being

Oregon and California in the third and fifth

at a maximum in 1858, when it reached 198,594

ranks respectively, the fourth place being held

tons.

by New York.

but 38,408 tons were employed, or less than

C a p i t a l s t o c k .......................................................

$ 2 ,6 1 3 ,6 0 6 ,2 6 4

$ 3 0 ,1 1 7

product of general fisheries in each district of

one-fifth of the maximum.

F u n d e d d e b t .........................................................

2 ,3 9 ° , 9 * 5 ,4 02

2 7 ,5 5 1

F l o a t i n g d e b t .......................................................

4 2 1,2 0 0 ,8 9 4

the sea and lake coasts:

of the products

4 ,8 5 4

T o t a l c a p i t a l a n d d e b t ..................................

$ 5 ,4 2 5 ,7 2 2 ,5 6 0

$ 6 2 ,5 2 2

P r o f it a n d lo s s, to c r e d i t ...............................

11 0 ,6 9 7 ,2 2 8

1 ,2 7 5

T o t a l li a b i l i t i e s .........................................

f o , 5 3 6 ,4 i 9 ,7 8 8

$ 6 3 ,7 9 7

G r o s s t r a n s p o r ta tio n e a r n i n g s ..................

$ 5 8 0 ,4 5 0 ,5 9 4

$ 6 ,6 8 9

T o t a l i n c o m e .......................................................

■ 661,295,391

7 ,6 2 0

T r a n s p o r t a t io n e x p e n s e s ...............................

3 5 2 ,8 0 0 ,12 0

4 ,0 6 5

On June 1, 1880, there were, according to the

T o t a l e x p e n d i t u r e s ..........................................

5 4 1 , 9 5 0 ,7 9 5

6 ,2 4 5

report of the Census, 87,891 miles in operation,

N e t t r a n s p o r ta tio n e a r n i n g s ........................

2 2 7 ,6 5 0 ,4 7 4

2 ,6 2 3

and at the close of the year, according to Poor’s

N e t in c o m e , o r p r o fit .......................................

11 9,3 4 4 ,5 9 6

1 ,3 7 5

D i v i d e n d s d e c l a r e d ..........................................

7 0 , 5 5 0 ,3 4 2

813

A m o u n t r e t a i n e d ...............................................

4 8 , 7 9 4 ,2 5 4

562

The following table shows the

Since then it has declined until, in 1880,
In i860 the value

of the whale fishery was

$7,749,305, or more than three times that
G E N E R A L F ISH E R IE S .

P r o d u c t .

New England States....................................

2,882,294

F o r the Year.

$10,014,645

Middle States, exclusive of Great Lakes...

of 1880.

Liabilities.

Southern Atlantic States..............................

R a ilw a y s. — In

1830 there were twenty-

three miles of railroad in the United States.

Gulf States.....................................................
Pacific States and Territories.....................

4

,

7 9 2 ,6 3 8

Great Lakes...................................................

1,78 4,0 5°

T otal...............................................

$22,405,018

“ Manual of the Railroads of the United States,”
O f the total product, nearly one-half comes

not less than 93,671 miles— enough to encom­

from the New England states, and much more

pass the globe three and one-half times on a

than one-fifth from the Pacific coast.

great circle.

Next to the general fisheries in importance
is the oyster fishery, which in 1880 had a product
valued at $13,403,852.

The greatest develop­

This represents the progress of

fifty years.
The construction of railroads began in this
country about 1825, with the use of horse power

Including all the railroads in the country,
the dividends declared formed 2.7 per cent, of
the capital stock, and the net income 4.57 per
cent.

O f the whole number of companies, how­

ever, only 623 reported a net income.

These

SCRIBNERS STATISTICAL ATLAS.

CV111

companies represented 80 per cent, of the rail­
road capital of the country, or $2,103,068,246,

The aggregate freight tonnage was divided
as follows:

injured, and only one in 1,885,199 was killed

and the profit, either paid in dividends or
available

for such

payment, amounted

to

$132,989,336, showing an average profit of

P er

P er

Cent.

ARTICLES OF FREIGHT.

Coal..............................................

Cent.

ARTICLES OF FREIGHT.

of
T o ta l.

30.8

Merchandise and miscellaneous..

6.32 per cent, upon their stock.

during the year, only one in 392,406 was

20.0

of
T o ta l.

Stone, lime, cement, clay and
sand............................................ 3-i
Petroleum......................................

2.6

by railway accidents.

The relation between

this immunity from accident and the large
number of hands— trackmen arid shopmen, as
well as trainmen and stationmen— employed,

14.4
8.8

F lo u r...... .....................................

2.5

61

Provisions......................................

2.4

number of employes who contribute to the

1.4

uted as follows:

Grain...................................................
Lumber and other forest products.

The transportation earnings were distrib­

passenger’s safety, it is proper to include not

0.2

only those operating trains, but all engaged in

should not escape notice.

In estimating the

P A S SE N G E R T R A F F IC .

Amount.

Percentage of
Total Passenger
Traffic.

Local passenger traffic............

$98,321,340

68.23

The equipment of the railroads of the

the care of the track and of the rolling-stock.

Through passenger traffic. . . .

44*5*4*393
1*265,976

30.89

country consisted of 17,412 locomotives, 12,330

Estimating the average number of passengers

0.88

passenger cars, 4,475 mail, express and bag­

carried daily as 3 of the aggregate for the
-^

gage cars, 375,312 freight cars, and 80,138 cars

year, or 738,584 daily passengers, and that,

of other kinds.

on the basis of ten hours’ work per day, at

All other passenger traffic. . . .

Percentage of
T otal Freight
Traffic.

Amount.

F R E IG H T T R A F F IC .

Local freight............................

$233,688,202

56.16

Through freight......................

176,909,13!

42.51

All other freight......................

5,548,425

i -33

Percentage of
all Traffic.

Amount.

A L L T R A F F IC .

Passenger traffic......................

$144,101,709
416,145,758

Steel rails were in use upon
The total number of

least ten-twenty-fourths of the whole force of

employes was 418,957, and the annual pay­

these employes, or 148,115 men, are constantly

roll amounted to $195,350,013.

on duty during the hours when passenger

33,680 miles of track.

The

classification

of

employes

was

as

On. an average, every inhabitant of the
Percent­
age
of Total.

Number.

EM PLO YES.

71.69

Express......................................

8,828,259

1.52

Other earnings..........................

902
*055

0.16

Transportation expenses were divided as
follows:
Percentage
of
Expenses.

0 .9

General office clerks................................

8 ,6 5 5

2 .1

Stationmen................................................

63,380

15 -1

7 9 ,6 5 0

I 9 .O

Shopmen....................................................

8 9 ,7 1 4

2 1 .4

12 2 ,4 8 9

2 9 .2

All other employes..................................

1.80

3 ,3 7 5

T rackmen................................ ..................

10,472,813

United States expended $2.87 in railway travel
during the year, or, estimating the average rate

General officers.........................................

T rainmen..................................................

M a il..........................................

trains are running, there is one employe at
work for every five passengers carried.

follows:

24.83

Freight traffic..........................

3-7

5 L 694

1 2 .3

per mile at 2^ cents, each person traveled a
distance of 123 miles.

L a n d G ra n ts. — It
by the General

has been

estimated

Land Office that the total

amount of land granted by the United States

Maintaining road and real estate. . .

$102,583,043

29.08

Repairs of rolling stock....................

54,985,340

15-58

Operating and general expenses. . . .

195,321,737

55-34

On 86,782 miles operated, the gross earn­

in aid of railroads, canals and wagon roads,
has been in the neighborhood of 187,000,000

48,254 included baggagemen, brakemen, fire­

acres, or over 296,000 square miles— an area

men and other regular train hands.

O f the

greater than that of the state of Texas, and

89,714 shopmen, 22,766 were machinists and

Amount.

O f the 79,650 trainmen, 18,977 were engi­
neers, 12,419 conductors, and the remaining

T R A N S P O R T A T IO N E X PE N SE S.

nearly five times that of the New England

23,202 carpenters.

states.

It will be observed that

W ith the assistance of these grants

ings per mile were $6,688; the expenses per

the shopmen and trackmen include more than

about 15,000 miles of railroad have been con­

mile, $4,065, and the net earnings, $2,623 per

one-half of all

structed.

mile.

operating trains form about one-fifth.

The expenses were 60^ per cent., and

the

employes, while

those

all cases, of alternate sections of land, the

It appears from the following table that

others remaining the property of the Govern­

more than one-half of all those injured by

ment, the latter were by the construction of

railway accidents in 1880 were employes of

the road greatly enhanced in value and made

the companies, and

marketable,

the net earnings 39^ per cent, of the gross
earnings.
The statistics of transportation and traffic
may be summarized as follows:
Miles Run.

T R A IN S .

Gross
Earnings.
( P e r M ile .)

Expenses.
( P e r M ile .)

N et
Earnings.
(P e r M ile .)

only about one-twelfth

were passengers, while
were

nearly three-eighths

neither passengers nor employes, but

2 5 1 ,0 2 2 ,7 1 0

Passenger........

13 8 ,2 2 5 ,6 2 1

$ 1 .6 5
1 .1 8

$0.98
0 .76

$0.67

the national

It may safely be said that, although

in most cases the recipients of these grants
ment, instead of being a loser, has also profited

T h rough C areless­

0.43
Sum m ary o f
w ay

Freight tonnage:
Number of tons carried............................................ 290,897,395

revenues.

thereby increasing

have profited greatly by them, the Govern­

were injured in crossing the tracks:
Freight...........

A s the grants made were, in nearly

ness o f t h e

R a il ­

A c c id e n t s .

I n ju r ed .

F atal.

T otal.

1880.

Number.

Per Cent,
Number.
of Total.

Per Cent,
of Total.

very largely, both directly in the gains to its
treasury, and indirectly in the development of
its waste territory.

Nearly all of these grants

Average distance carried, miles..............................................i n

To passengers. . .

687

295

4 2 .9 4

143

2 0 .8 2

Tons carried one mile......................................... 32,348,846,693
Revenue...................................................................$416,145,758

have been made to railway companies, few

To employes----

4,54°

3 ,2 7 6

7 2 .1 6

923

2 0 .3 3

having been made to canals, and none to

To others............

2 ,9 8 8

2 .7 7 7

9 5 -°4

1 ,4 7 5

4 9 -3 6

Aggregate........

8 ,2 1 5

6 ,3 4 8

7 7 .8 9

2 ,5 4 1

3 0 .9 3

Receipts per ton, per mile, cents......................................... 1 1V0
Cost per ton, per mile, cents.............................................. o

Besides the usual grant of alternate sections

Profit per ton, per mile, cents............................................ o
Passenger traffic:
Number of passengers carried................................. 269,583,340
Average distance carried, miles...............................................23
Passengers carried one mile................................. 6,189,240,914
Revenue.................................................................... $144,101,709
Receipts per passenger, per mile, cents............................ 2
Cost per passenger, per mile, cents................................... 1 1V0
Profit per passenger, per mile, cents................................. o ^m
.

wagon roads in recent years.

From the above table it appears that the

of land for a certain breadth upon each side of

chances of injury in passenger travel by rail

the road or proposed road, there has been

are but 1 to 9,000,000 for each mile traveled,

added in many cases an indemnity strip of

while the chances of fatal injury are but one-

specified breadth, outside of the absolute grant.

fifth as great, or 1 to 45,000,000.

Within this indemnity strip the company has

Out of the 269,583,340 passengers carried

been allowed to select land to indemnify itself

MISCELLA NEO US.
for areas already occupied within the absolute
limits at the time of making the grant.

includes the whole of the alternate sections to
the outside limits of the indemnity strip.

In

many cases, notably those of the Union Pacific,
Central Pacific, Kansas Pacific, and Sioux City
and Pacific railroads, indemnity strips were not
granted, except in certain states, but whatever
land owned by other parties was found to be
within the absolute grant was lost to the
railroad company.
Further conditions were attached to the
grants, which, if not fulfilled within a certain
It must be

added that cases of actual forfeiture have been
very few, although failures to comply with the
conditions imposed have been numerous. Most
of the grants have been made to states in trust
for the railroad companies.

T o some of the

largest railroad corporations building lines in
the W est, including those above enumerated,
the grants were made directly.
The total area patented to railroads and
wagon roads, under land grant acts, prior to
June 30, 1880, is given by the Public Land
Commission at 45,647,347 acres, or 71,324
square miles, an area but little larger than that
of the state of Missouri.
The following is a list, as complete as
possible, of the different land grants made to
railroads, with a brief statement of the condi­
tions under which they were given, the areas
thus far actually patented to the companies,
and an estimate of the absolute areas which
by the grants have become or are to become
the property of the companies.

LAN D G R A N TS T O R A ILR O A D S.

A number of these grants have been mate­

It is a

common misapprehension that a railway grant

time, were to cause a forfeiture.

C1X

The limits,

L im it
D a te

CO R P O R A T IO N .

of A c t

Alabama and Chattanooga........ < 1856
z
Alabama and Florida..................« 1856
Atchison, Topeka and Santa F i . d 1863
( in States__ 1866
*Atlantic & Pacific -{
( in Territories 1866

Cedar Rapids & Missouri River.r
Central Branch, Union Pacific..
Central Pacific..............................
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific.r
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul.a
Chicago and Northwestern (in
Michigan).................... ........... £
Chicago and Northwestern (in
Wisconsin)................................a
Chicago, St.Paul & Minneapolis.d
Coosa and Tennessee................a

side, i. e., extending nine miles outside the
absolute grant, the company is at liberty to
select land

to repay itself for that already

occupied or granted to other parties within the
absolute grant.
The letters after the names of certain roads

1 8 8 0.

553.581
394,523
2,474,686

15
15

2
0
3°

IO

Denver Pacific.............................. 1869
Des Moines Valley......................r 1846
Dubuque and Sioux C ity............ c 1856

6
6

6
6
6
6

Grand Rapids and Indiana........£ 1856
“
“
“
from
Fort Wayne to Grand Rapids. ^ 1865

6

Hannibal and St. Joseph....................f
Hastings and Dakota................

1852
1866

Illinois Central................................................... j 1850
Iowa Falls and Sioux City ................ r 1856
Jackson, Lansing & Saginaw..

.b

1856

Kansas Pacific.............................. 1864
Lake Superior and Mississippi.. /■ 1864
Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston......................................../ 1863
Little Rock and Fort Sm ith. . . . g 1866
Marquette, Houghton and Ontonagon....................................................................... b
Memphis and Little R o c k ................g
Minnesota Central...................... b
Missouri, Kansas and Texas__. /
Missouri River, Fort Scott and
Gulf........................................... i
Mobile and Ohio.........................................a , i
Mobile and Girard......................a

1865
1866
1865
1863
1866
1850
1856

New Orleans, Opelousas & Great
Western.................................................................... h 1856
New Orleans, Baton Rouge and
1871

IO

6
6
6
2
0
IO

IO

6
2
0
6
IO
IO

IO

6
6
6

St. Croix and Lake Superior.. . d
St. Joseph and Denver C ity . . . ./
St. Louis & Iron Mountain, . f , g
St. Louis, Iron Mountain and
Southern....................................................- f > g “
“
St. Vincent
Branch........................................................................ k
St. Paul and Sioux City ........................k
Selma, Rome and Dalton.......... a
Sioux City and St. Paul.......................... c
Sioux City and Pacific ...................................
South and North Alabama ................a
Southwest Branch of the Pacific
Road ............................................................................ f
Southern Pacific ......................................................
Southern Minnesota...................................k

1864
1866
1866
1866
1865
1871
1864
1856
1864
1864
1856
1852
1866
1866

2
0

IO
IO
IO

6
IO
IO

6

selected,

in

consequence of which

it was

15

512,337
281,984
165,688

513,000
281,984
165,688

15

37,583

37,583

15
15

state waters and upon canals, 5,139 steamers,
having a tonnage of 1,221,207, and a value
O f these vessels there were

)

2
0

the census year

there were employed in United States waters,

of $80,192,495.

15

)

952,960

employed in United States waters, that is,

603,506
225,179

603,506
350,000

15
15

2,595,053
683,024

2,595,053
683,500

15

743,009

750,000

828,830

2
0

860,564

862,000

2
0
2
0

256,282
916,716

260,000
1,056,378

437,385
141,845-

552,515
141,845
180,000
660,000

waters having navigable outlets, and subject to

6,000,000

15

2
0

. . . .

. . . .

2
0
2
0
2
0

179,736
658,068

2
0

21,342
1,156,658

15

504,146

15

719,194

15

21,342

1,156,658
505,000

)
>
■

746,510 42,000,000

15

353,212

353.212

30
30
*

1,338,039
323,149

2,127,000
2,500,000

15
15

1,275,218

1,275,212

37,427

37,427

843,497
461,813

843,497
470,956

1,386,303
1,251,046

1,483,948

789,292
1,200,358

1,500,000
1,205,000
460,700
400,000
45,000
440,000

2

2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
15

6
2
0

15

1,161,205

30

952,597
454,957

2
0

l

5°

f

trust for the roads, as follows: a. Alabama, b.

Union Pacific ............................................................. 1864

Michigan, c. Iowa, d. Wisconsin, e. Florida, f

Vicksburg and Meridian ....................... i

2
0
6

Missouri, g. Arkansas, h. Louisiana, i. Missis­

Western R. R ..........................................................k 1865
Winona and St. Peter............................... k 1865
Wisconsin Central.......................................... d 1864

customs and inspection laws, 4,778 steamers,
measuring 1,194,889 tons, distributed as fol­
lows:
D is t r ib u t io n

o f

S t e a m

C r a f t .

Number of
Steamers.

New England States.........................
Middle States....................................
South Atlantic Coast..........................
Gulf of M exico..................................
Great Lakes.......................................
Upper Mississippi R iver..................
Ohio R iver..........................................
Upper Missouri R iver......................
Lower Mississippi River..................
Pacific Coast......................................

T onnage.

118,554

463

432,803
30,833

L 459

266
126

41,611
222,290
83,918

947
366

473
44
3i 5

107,473
12,099
48,303

97,005

3 19

719,194
903,218

30

40

the roads directly.

sections per linear mile of road were to be

550,467

15

30

In the other cases, the grants were made to

did not fix the limits within which the twenty

S te a m C raft. — During

15

IO

645,307
350,000

Nebraska was even more peculiar, in that it

800,000
369,002
552,000

2
0

sippi, j . Illinois, k. Minnesota, and /. Kansas.

grant of 200 sections of land, and that to

49,812
369,002

15

6

IO

quette road was peculiar in being an absolute

its land wherever it chose.

IO

IO

The grant to the Bay de Noquet and Mar­

550,000
805,816
68,000

*Texas Pacific (in Territories 1874
(Southern Pacific) j ; n California. 1874

1856

which affected the grants.

545,576
474,913
67,785

15

2
0

2
0

not made to the roads directly, but to states, in

given above, are those of the last legislation

decided that the road was at liberty to locate

IO

indicate that in cases so marked, grants were

The date of act, and the limits

520,000

457,407
396,999
41,318
433,600

IO

first made.

517,594

50&60

6
6

1,156,988
265,000
6,500,000

1,133,590
643,307
138,285

30&40

Pensacola and Georgia...............................e 1856
Port Huron & Lake Michigan, . b 1856

389,124

rially modified by legislation since they were

the Burlington and Missouri River road in

. . . .

40

Oregon Branch of Central Pacific 1866
Oregon and California................................... 1866

2,441,600

1,140,494
187,608

2
0
2
0
6
2
0
2
0

1856

128,000

388,818

[

6
6

394,523
2,995,200

2,374,091

5

1856
1856
1856
1856

Flint and Pere Marquette.......... #
Florida......................................... e
Florida and Alabama................. <
?
Florida, Atlantic & Gulf Central, e

460,000

128,000

2
0
6

T o ta l
A rea o f
G ra n t.
( A c r e s .)

f 504,537 22,672,000

20

1856
1856
1856

E s tim a te d

)

40

1865

within a strip six miles in width on each side

within a strip fifteen miles in breadth on each

6
10
2
0

20
20
20
20
10

North Louisiana and Texas _____ h

each linear mile of road; and, further, that

6

1864
1864
1864
1864
1864

given as measured from the line of road,

property of the company, i. e., six sections on

P a te n te d u p
t o J u n e 3 0,

Bay de Noquet and Marquette. . 6
Burlington and Missouri River
20 sec
per mile.
(in Nebraska)............................ 1864
Burlington and Missouri River
20
(in Iowa).................................. r 1864

„ ,T
.. (m S tates_
_ 1864
■ "Northern Pacific •
<
(in Territories 1864

of the road, each alternate section is to be the

A cres

o f In ­
d e m n ity
G ra n t.

50
1865 200 se ctions.

both of absolute and indemnity strips, are
on either side— thus, 6 and 15, means that

L im it

of A b ­
s o lu te
G ra n t.

10 ,0 0
00

In state waters, that is, waters having no
navigable outlets, and not subject to customs
laws, the number of steamers was 218, with a
tonnage of 9,339.

The steam craft on canals

numbered 143, measuring 16,979 tons.
The gross earnings of all steam craft during
the census year were $85,091,067.
ber of passengers

carried

The num­

was 168,463,001,

and the number of tons of freight moved was
25,451,404.

1,161,205
7,760,000
500,000
13>000,000

The application of steam power to the pro­
pulsion of vessels was

first effected on a

practical scale by Robert Fulton, in the steamer
Clermont, which was completed in 1807.

The

number of steamers built annually increased
rapidly, until the Civil W ar partially checked
the demand.

........................

1,859,475
15

2
0
2
0
2
0

9,050,000

Up to 1870, the United States led all other

198,028

200,000

nations in amount of steam tonnage, but since

659,345
1,326,444

815,000
1,670,000
1,315,000

that year Great Britain has taken the lead,

575,845

* The indemnity grants here given agree with the statute limits, although
not with the maps of the General Land Office from which the map on Plate 147
was prepared.

having in 1880 not less than 2,723,468 tons,
or more than
United States.

double the tonnage of the

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS,

cx

The following table gives the number and

been abandoned.

In Ohio 879 miles have been

United States, the growth of the periodical

the tonnage of the steamers built during each

constructed, of which 674 are still in use.

decade from the time of their introduction:

the canals of Indiana, aggregating 453 miles,

press is perhaps the most astonishing.

have been abandoned.

1850, when the first census of the press was

C

o n s t r u c t io n

S

t e a m

V

o f

e sse ls

Tonnage.

128

F
rom 1807 to 1820......
From 1821 to 1830......
F
rom 1831 to 1840......
From 1841 to 1850......
From 1851 to i860......
From 1861 to 1870__ .*
From 1871 to 1880......

25 ,7 9 8

38s

I,°I5
1,662

In

65,212
175,698

153

The canals now in use in the United States

taken, the number of publications was 2,526.

have a total length of 2,515.^ miles, with slack

Number.

.

Increase in
tonnage built.
(Per cent.)

A ll

O f all the elements of the progress of the

In i860, it had increased to 4,051; in 1870,

water navigation

with them

to 5,871, while ten years later it had nearly

The total

doubled, reaching the number of 11,314- or

in connection

169

extending 411.^ additional miles.

I I I

cost of construction was $170,028,636.

23

more than four times as great as in 1850.

freight traffic on canals amounted in 1880

In respect to circulation, the progress has

to 21,044,292 tons, yielding a gross income of

been even more rapid.

The total expenditures for the

of 5,142,177 in 1850, it leaped to 13,663,409

year were $2,954,156, leaving as a net income

3 ,3 4 3

97

73 0,355

900,686
766,294

The

$4,538,620.

2,5 2
1
3,082

3 7 1 ,0 3 5

in i860; to 20,842,475 in 1870, and in 1880 it

$1,584,464, which is but nine-tenths of one per

reached the enormous number, per issue, of

cent, of the cost of construction.

31,779,686.

- 1 5

The minus sign indicates a decrease.

C anals. — Prior

to the invention of the steam

railway, canals were of great importance as

From a circulation

This was about six-tenths of a

copy to each man, woman and child in the

highways for the commerce of the country.
Even before the beginning of the present cen­

N ew spapers a n d

tury, a project was agitated for a system of

Plates 148 and 149 treat of the newspaper and

public improvements which should unite by a

periodical press of the United States, the first

O f this immense circulation, that of the

water-way the valley of the Mississippi with

relating to the number of newspapers and

daily press forms but a little over 11 per cent.,

navigable waters upon the Atlantic coast, but

periodicals, and the second to the number of

an unexpectedly small proportion.

nothing came of it until after the second war

each issue, or the aggregate edition, in each

with Great Britain.

state.

In 1817 the state of New

P e rio d ica ls.—

country, or very nearly one copy to each
person able to read.

The distribution of the publications and of
their circulation, as shown by the maps on
Plates 148 and 149, accords in its general

York passed an act providing for vast internal

It must be understood that the second of

improvements, including its costly system of

these plates, although entitled “ Circulation,”

features with the

canals, and

Pennsylvania

does not refer strictly to distribution, but to

as shown by the maps of. illiteracy.

took similar action, followed by several other

publication, which may or may not conform to

Northern states and the W estern states and

states.

the distribution of the edition.

It would be

territories, there are, in proportion to popula­

trace, without an exhaustive

tion, the greatest numbers of publications and

shortly afterward

For many years thereafter a strong feeling

impossible

to

In the

the largest circulation, while throughout the

in favor of internal improvements had posses­

compilation of the subscription

sion of most of the states.

Immense works

periodicals, the distribution of the editions over

South, the proportion is generally low.

were projected, and many of them, including

the country from the offices of publication,

in considering groups of states, the circulation

the canal systems of New York, Pennsylvania

and this has not been attempted by the Census

and its distribution are practically identical,

and Ohio, were completed.

office.

the above sketch outlines the general distribu­

increased

State debts were

to enormous amounts, in several

lists of all

distribution of education,

On Plate 149 the issues are credited to

tion of the reading public.

Since,

The disproportion

This

between the North and South in this regard

siasm for these projects reached its greatest

produces the effect of giving to those states

is, however, much less marked in respect to

intensity in 1837, when it was suddenly checked

which contain great newspaper centers, such as

daily publications than in respect to weeklies

by the financial crisis of that period.

New York, Pennsylvania and Massachusetts,

and monthlies.

cases to the verge of bankruptcy.

The enthu­

the states in which they are published.

The

average circulation

per publication

among

states

It is estimated by Pitkin that on January 1,

undue prominence, while other states which

1835, there had been completed, or nearly

are largely dependent upon them for their sup­

ranges

completed, in the United States not less than

ply of the news and periodical literature, such

wide limits.

2,867 miles of canals, at a cost of $64,573,099.

as New Jersey and Vermont, fall unduly low

the largest circulation per publication, namely,

New York had 715 miles, costing $15,125,511,

in the scale.

8,841, which is even larger than New York,

the

several

through

O f all the states, Maryland has

and Pennsylvania 861 miles, costing $23,000,000,

O f the 11,314 periodicals of all classes pub­

which stands second in the list with 8,666.

these two states having considerably more than

lished in the country, 78 per cent., or nearly

Following these are the District of Columbia,

one-half of the total mileage.

four-fifths, are devoted to news, politics and

with 7,300; Massachusetts, 7,190, and Penn­

family reading.

sylvania, 5,900.

In 1880, according to the Census, there were

The remainder relate espe­

Most of the states adjoining

in the United States 4,468.4 miles of canals,

cially to the various branches of trade and

these have a low average, Vermont having

which had cost $214,041,802.

industry, the professions, science, etc.

but 840 and New Hampshire 907.

O f this, however,

In the

i,953-^ miles, costing $44,013,166, had been

Again, the great majority, 76 per cent., are

Southern states, the circulation ranges from a

abandoned, and a large part of the remainder

weekly publications, 10 per cent, are monthlies,

few hundred copies up to 3,045 in Kentucky.

were not paying expenses, a result mainly due,

while daily newspapers form less than 10 per

In the Northern Central group of states, the

of course, to the competition of railways.

cent, of all.

number has a somewhat higher average, falling

A ll

O f the total number of periodicals, 10,515,

below a thousand only in Dakota, and reaching

O f the 964 miles in New York,

or 93 per cent., are published in the English

in Ohio a circulation per publication of 3,863.

357, or much more than one-third, are no

language, 641, or nearly 6 per cent., in German,

In the W estern states and territories it ranges

longer in use.

while the proportion in other languages reaches,

through very wide limits, from 228 in Montana

in no case, 1 per cent, of the whole number.

to 2,721 in California.

the canals of New England are reported as
abandoned.

In Pennsylvania there have

been built 1,106 miles, of which 477 miles have

M ISCELLANEO US.
A C o m p arative S t u d y — The

CXI

general

The summary on Plate 150 is devoted to

rule,

comparatively

summaries on Plates 150 and 151 serve to

total amounts, and the significance of its com­

have

little

bring together, for

dif­

parisons is therefore restricted by the wide

Tennessee, and other states having a large

ferent classes of facts which have been treated

fundamental differences of area and population

state debt, take a disproportionately high rank

individually in earlier chapters.

existing between the various states.

in this column.

comparative study,

They make

little

local debt.

urban

population,

Louisiana, Virginia,

apparent the relations of the leading industries

Comparing the rank in population with that

A comparison of the column of occupations

to one another, to wealth and to population,

in wealth, it is seen that all of the North

on the one hand, and those of wealth, manu­

and the relations subsisting between population,

Atlantic states gain considerably, except V er­

factures and agriculture on the other, shows

wealth, public debt, and taxation, and between

mont, New York

in a rude way the diversity in the productive

illiteracy and education.

hold their own, the two last mentioned states

power of labor in the different states.

ranking respectively as first and second in

Southern states the rank in wealth is much

arranged in the several columns, according

both columns.

lower than in the number of breadwinners,

to their rank in the feature therein presented;

averages

sixteen

while the Northern and Western states and

while lines carried from column to column

states forming the South Atlantic and Southern

territories generally hold their rank, or stand

aid the eye in tracing the varying rank of

Central groups, on the other hand, show an

higher in wealth than in number of persons

each state.

average loss of four places, only Maryland,

occupied.

Delaware and the District of Columbia making

in contrasting rank in occupations with rank

150, the states are arranged in the order of

gains.

in the sum of the products of the two great

population.

A comparison of the first column

groups there is little relative change of place,

with each of the remaining columns, gives the

except that Wisconsin and Nevada each gain

P la te 1 5 1 .— The summary on Plate 151

following results by groups of states:

four, Minnesota seven, and California no less

presents a much closer approximation to the

than fifteen places.

true relative positions of the states and terri­

The names of the states and territories are

P la te IS O .— In the first column of Plate

V

a r ia t io n s

a n k

P

in

l a t e

150 .

t o

The gain for the entire group

nearly five

places.

The

In the Northern Central and Western

These two groups show
*

*

In most

This feature is still more apparent

industries, manufactures and agriculture.

tories in the ten important features exhibited,

The changes in passing from population to

than that on Plate 150, for the reason that it

manufactures are similar to those above stated,

deals not with aggregates merely but with

but greater.

ratios, thereby placing the larger and smaller

a n k

.

d u c a t io n

l l it e r a c y

R

a x a t io n

T

E

I

A

e b t

v e r a g e

.
.
D
e t

N

.

t o c k

S
iv e

A

L

.

g r ic u l t u r e

.

a n u f a c t u r e s

M

.

The North Atlantic states show

an average gain of over eleven places, the two

states on a common ground of comparison.

Southern groups an average loss of five and

N o r t h A t la n t ic .

Maine...................... 2 7
New Hampshire... 3 i
Verm ont................ 32
Massachusetts........
7
Rhode Island........ 33
Connecticut............ 2 8
New York..............
I
New Jersey............ 19
Pennsylvania.........
2

—I
O
O
2
O
I
O
O
O

— 2
13 — I
4
9
4 — 20
19 - 6
21 3
0— I
13 - 6
0- 3

O
2
8
13

O
II
0

II

8 -

6

2 2 .6

6
O— 2

5 3 -

5

15
6

8

38
23
36
14
29
15
21
13
34

—I

— 22

4

— II

12

-

4

—

2

15
O

-

8

3 30.1

2 — 12
I
6

2

7
14
O

0

—I
I O
OI -

9 -

9

5-

8-

9

—I -

4 -

—

4

one-half places, the Northern Central states a

ing by units from 1 to 47, does not serve

slight average loss, and the Western group

to show the precise extent of the differences

12 —

a gain of a little over one place.

between

1 0 .8
2 9 .4

2 2 1 .3

states

holding

consecutive

rank.

2 .4

A n inspection of the above table in connec­

Taking for example the first column of Plate

7 15-7
9 3 8

tion with Plate 150, will enable the reader to

151, we may pass over as altogether exceptional

measure at a glance the changes of rank as

— 4

14
O

the difference of 2,705.5 between the density of’

between population and all other features of

the District of Columbia, ranking first, and

the summary, in the case of any state.

of Rhode Island, the second in rank.

0 — II

79
0— 2 -

10
3
9 10 - 3
2
2 — IO
3- 6- 6
O
3— I
8 -14 - 3
2

It is manifest, however, that the simple rank­

2 8 .4

2

— 2

12

5
4

S o u th A tla n tic .

Delaware................
Maryland...............
District Columbia.
Virginia..................
West Virginia........
North Carolina_
_
South Carolina.. . .
Georgia..................
Florida....................

which

an average gain of one place.

fr o m

.

p u l a t io n

a s s in g

P

Pennsylvania,

.
e a l t h

T E R R IT O R IE S .

W

.
c c u p a t io n s

O

in

P
a n k

AND

R

o f

Po

R

STATES

o p u l a t io n

.

A N A L Y S I S O F G E N E R A L S U M M A R Y B Y T O T A L S .—

and

- 3
3— I
- 3 — I IO
— II 25
I
- 3
5- 4
6- 8— I
- 6 -1 3 - 1 6
2 — IO
I — II
3- 5— I - 9
O— 2
O- 4

— I
8
6
- 6
6
-18
-14

IO 15-2
9 27.6
13 2 1 .s
14 24.9

— 12

12

-

7

4 36.4
6 19.4
5 3 4 -1

15-4
13 3 4 -9

It will

It will

be observed that in the column of illiteracy,

be seen, however, that the difference of 33.1

showing the number of persons ten years of

between the density of the latter and that of

age and over who are unable to write, the state

Massachusetts, the third in rank, is a trifle

having the greatest number of “ illiterates” is

greater than that separating South Carolina,

ranked highest.

the

S o u t h e r n C e n tr a l.

Kentucky...............
Tennessee..............
A labam a................
Mississippi..............
Louisiana................
Texas......................
Arkansas................

8
12

17
18
22
II
25

-4 - 5 - 9 -4 - 6 - 9 —
3 - 9 -15
O — IO - 1 8
0— 2- 3
0 - 5 — l6
0 - 8 — 12

42

3 — IO - 7 - 9
2 — 12 - 9
3— 2 -12 -14
1 - 1 8 - 9
- 6
8 14
2 6
2 — 12 8 — II
3 - 5- 8 - 9

— I

I -

5O0
4

O I 3 -I
7 15-4
14 20.7
1 2 22.5
13 21 0
I 159
II 2 7.4

Ohio........................
3
Indiana..................
6
Illinois....................
4
Michigan................
9
Wisconsin.............. l6
Minnesota.............. 2 6 ,
Iowa........................ 10
Missouri..................
5
Dakota.................... 40
Nebraska................ 3 °
Kansas.
20

O— I - 3
0 — I - 9—
3
3- 3
I — I -17 —
7
4- 6
0
7 IO — I
7 10
0
0 6
8 - 1 9
9
—I — I - 3 — 2
0
I 0 — I
2
I —
4
5
O— I - 3
6 15 — I
O— 2
—I
—I — I - 4
O
I
0
0 — 2
0
—I
4
5

-4

0

— 4

12

3

,3

O
I
O

I - 1 3 4 -9
O — 1 2 8 .9
I — II 4 .6
2
I - 1 3 12 .3
4 - 5 - 8 14.6
5 1 2 - 3 2 1.3
2
3 - 1 7 12.6
4 - 4 - 8 7 .2
I
2 — 2 3 9 -0
7 1 2 - 7 2 7.2
3
7 - 8 18.8

W estern .

45
47
35

41
44
39
43

46

O
I
O
I
I
0
I — 20 — I —2 — 2
I

4

—I

37

I

24

3

I

8
8
I

3

O

4— 2
3— 2
3— I

4

2

2

2

2

O

2

7

3— 6 —

O— I 2
I

— I 42.9

2

2

4I

75

0

4 5 -6

3 - 3 3 3 -7
6 - 5
18 4 1.2
0
O
3 44.2
0 4 1.0
3 — I

6

40.4

6

0

I 4 5 -3

I

2

I

2

0

I

4

2—

I

2

O — 2 4 1.4

0

2
2

9-

3

I

15

12

8

18

I - 3 3 5 -8
14 — I 12 .2

0 — I

42

2

O

4

9

IO

The first and last columns show rank on a scale of I to 47; in other columns
the figures indicate a
signifying a

lo s s .

g a in

of rank, except where the minus sign is prefixed,

eighteenth,

from Wyoming,

the

forty-

ing, it is virtually a reversal of the order

seventh in rank.

followed in the preceding columns.

actual difference is marked, in one case, by

The changes shown in comparing, on Plate

N o r t h e r n C e n tr a l.

Montana................
Wyoming................
Colorado................
New Mexico..........
Arizona..................
Utah........................
N evada ....................
Idaho......................
Washington..............
Oregon....................
California.................

Since this is a negative show­

In other words, the same

a variation of one place in rank, and

in

150, the rank in manufactures with that in

another by a variation of twenty-nine places.

agriculture, are naturally very great, involving

The difference, again, between the states occu­

material changes in the rank of many of the

pying the third and the fourth rank is even

states.

greater than that between the

The column

relating to live stock

second and

shows a general agreement with that of agri­

third.

culture.

and similar diagrams on other plates, giving a

New York falls to the third rank,

being exceeded

by both Illinois and

Iowa,

while the great cattle states and territories of
the W est, such as Kansas, Nebraska, Montana
and W yoming, take high rank.
The column of state and local debt presents

A reference to the diagram on Plate 22,

graphic representation of these differences, will
show many like irregularities.
For the purpose of more precise compari­
son the accompanying table has been prepared,
presenting the rank of the states in the several

an agreement, in its general features, with those

columns by percentages.

of population, wealth and manufactures, while,

highest in each column of Plate 151 is taken as

in comparison with agriculture, it shows marked

100, that ranking lowest as o, and the rank of

differences.

each state is expressed by the percentage which

Agricultural states having, as a

The state ranking

SCRIBNER'S STA TISTICA L ATLAS.

CX11

The capital of the country, or that part of

its variation from the lowest forms of the total

stand first among the nations.

In wealth the

its wealth employed in further production, was

country now surpasses even Great Britain, and

In this table the columns of net debt, taxa­

in 1880 approximately $30,000,000,000, and its

in manufactures and mining, as in the total

tion and illiteracy reverse the order followed

gross income $10,000,000,000, or about 33 per

product of all the industries, it also holds the

in the corresponding columns of Plate 15 1.

cent, of the capital.

leading place, which it is not likely ever to

While, in a popular sense, a state may be said

Edward Atkinson (Special Agent, Tenth Cen­

lose.

to rank highest which has the least of debt,

sus), the annual consumption per capita is

greatly in advance of all other countries in

difference between the lowest and the highest.

A s estimated by Mr.

Its agricultural products still keep it
controlling the food mar­

taxation and illiteracy per
capita, a uniform order is

States, in 1880, 17,392,099
persons, or 34^ per cent.,
were engaged in gainful
and reputable occupations.
During that year the sum
of $79,339,814 was devoted
to public primary educa­
tion, making $5.27 for every
of school age, an

average tax of 1^ mills
on every dollar of total
wealth of the country.
gross product of

manufactures in 1880, was
fc369.579.19b and the net
product, after deducting
the value of materials con­
sumed, was $1,972,755,642,
The

value of farm products was
$2,213,402,564, or $44.13
per capita; and of live stock,
$1,500,464,609 in the aggre­
gate, and $29.92 per capita.
The wealth of the coun­
try in 1880, estimated at

15

42
79
13

3

13

79

32

3
7

31

39

93

25
60

22
IO

37

64

— IO

40

26

56

39
43

17
8

30

42

32

89

56

40

9

32

59
37

25
21

72
72

59

29

6

33

45

34

8

20

29

32
24
33
17
2
22
40

49
48
72
15
is

36

50

29
l6
8
8
2

35

9
7

O

O

13
9
IOO
21
2

37

*

15
9

II

34
35

42
48

7

II
6

38
21

5
4
8
8

l6

12

20

14
9
9
8

4
39
31
37

13
4
3
14

5

53

5

2

17

15

2

47

6

6

16

4

O

64

15
IO

31

II

56
36
54
42

28

57

19

68

13
15
17
14
14
l6

13
10
2

3
5
4

5

5°

6

31

8

IO

44

5
I
O

46

12
II

IO

23
IO

5
II
IO
8

74
51
42
23
35
53
15
17
2
6

8
9

37
32

28
18

29
34
30

7

7

8
8
IO
17
14

23
47
6

30

15

27

I
2

47

3
3

3i

5

30
26

3
17
51

47

57

13

47

35

51

20
II
*

17
24
39
O — 2
i5
9
- 6 -17
- 9 -3 6
— 2 - 3°
6 -13

I

E ducation .

I lliter acy .

to

to

T ax atio n

E ducation

T ax ation .
to

E ducation .
to

W ealth

N e t D ebt

T ax atio n .
to

W ealth

A griculture .
to

14 - 8
I -13
7 - 7 -14
— 20
35
55 - 1 3 - 1 9
O - 8 1 - 8 1 — I -3 4
— IO - 7 7 - 8 7 — 26 - 5 1
— I - 4 8 -4 7 -2 4 - 3 7
-3 3
- 4 9 — 16 - 1 5 - 4 2
- 1 3 -4 3 -3 0 —21 -4 0
- 2 7 - 3 8 — II -3 0 - 4 4
-

6

-13
-19
-5 6
- 7
— IO
- 3
— I
-

3
4

7

I

14 — 26
6 -13
— l6 - 1 9
O
26
19
17
27 — I
40 - 3
37
2
44
45
0
42
45
I
23
27

-13
-7 2

25 — 22 - 2 3
27 - 1 4 - 2 9
21 - 6 - 3
54 - 3 3 - 5 0
27 - 2 5 — 2 2
30 - 1 3 - 3 5
40 - 3 7 - 2 9
18 - 1 9 - 2 4
22 - 1 4 - 1 8

IO - 5 — I
26 — 12 - 9
-4 7 - 6 -4 2
- 6 - 9
24
12
15 — 2
46
- 3 — I
28
- 5 - 4
28
5 — 2 - 5
I - 6
5
23

-3 1
-2 5
-2 5
- 9
- 3
- 4
— 2
-

52

66

7
9

34

7
4
I

34
37
34

8

5

21

27

4

13

4

29
20

9

4

30

22

52

41

7
12

38

36
40

7
II

7

15

18

6

9

I
35

8

4

— I
-

-

3

24
33
48

-

3

63

23 - 9
— 2 -13
— 12 - 4

39

5 -3 5

6
6

13
— 2

28

32

60

34 - 5
41 - 7
30
51
66
5
48
13
45 — 2
64
5

8 - 8
-13
- 9 — 12 — 2
25 - 3 3
- 3
2
7 - 3
— IO - 8 - 2 3
— II
7 - 9
O
I - 5

27
33
33
l6

30 — II

-3 4
-2 5
-3 1
-2 4
-15
-2 5
-3 8
- 7
-2 4
-3 7
-2 5

25
l6
26

Ohio..................................
Indiana............................
Illinois..............................
Michigan..........................
Wisconsin.........................
Minnesota................................
Iowa..................................
Missouri............................
Dakota..............................
Nebraska..........................
Kansas..............................

22
22
II
9
4
II
12
I
2
5

15
l6
24
13
17
l6
15
52
20
l6

34
40
44
32
18

35
23
25
25
IO
19
3

29
23

6

35
51
36
0

II
IO
18
I
2
6
8

7

78
65
65
75

IOO
51
48
83
61

32
18
20
30
25

4
7
9
4
20
6

5i
3i
35
33
42

27
18

13
13

38

54
IOO
18

14

65

8

74
74

17
II

O
7

O
46

9

O

14

22
28

13
6

96

27
33
l6

3
4

42

14

IOO

29

33
25
34
43
20
27
40
28

9
9
IO
9
5
13
3
3
3

25
14
32
31
25
36
33
20

45 - 2 8
21 - 1 7
38 - 1 9
18 - 1 9
21 - 9

23 - 1 5
28 - 3 4
17 - 1 3
17 - 3 4 - 1 5
27
9 -2 3
18
7 — l6

I

29 -

32
24
23
31
35
56

49
43 -

19
30
54
38

42
40

—

4 -15
O
2
3 -14
II
I

9
9
50 - 7 - 6
90 — 2 — I
32 - 5 — 12
O
45
9
II
77
9
6
5
54
-

-

31 — 2
39 — II
2
27
28 — IO
I
24
I
38
7 -

12

7
9

2
25
l6 — I

The

advance

of

States

the

to

the

Montana..........................
Wyoming..........................
Colorado............................
New Mexico.......... . . . .
A rizona............................
Utah..................................
Nevada..............................
Idaho.................................
Washington......................
Oregon..............................
California..........................

I
O
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
2

IOO
52
84
22
94
O
83
69
42
37
54

23
15
6l
8

9

29

IO

34

15

IOO

35

60
23
29
21
15
25
53
54
66
90
82

13

37
39

single
time

century
when

from

peace

the
with

England enabled the new
nation to turn its energies
to industrial development.
It is a mere truism to
say that history shows no
record of growth in ma­
terial

prosperity

at

all

approaching this; our very

52
38
60
O

I
O

24
26

5
IOO
22
II
6
2
2

31
72

3
7

39
15
IOO

34
51
35
— I
22
14
60
7
28
33
98

-6 5 -2 4
25
— I - 4 1 — 28
-4 8 - 1 8 - 7
— 22
I
21
- 7 1 — 21 - 8
IO
15 - 9
— 22 - 5 3 - 8
— 6l
I
46
-13 -19
37
56
- 3 -19
46
-6 5 - 1 8

makes it difficult for us
fully

to

comprehend its

extraordinary character.
If the conditions of the
future could be compared
with those of the past, the
next hundred years would
justify a forecast the figures
of which would be almost
bewildering.

This

com­

parison is of course im­

W estern .

49
13

II
20

3°
23
38

O

17
-13
24
O
l6
O

13
23
19 — I
35
45
39
l6
45
29
13 - 3
56
5 - 3
75
O — 28
47
1

51 - 1 3 - 5 1
66 - 3 6 - 3 8
6l - 1 4 - 5 5
O
O IOO
39 -

7
I
14
83
4
3i - 1 3
39 — l6
35 - 8
86 — 28

possible.
draws

Every

this

decade

nation more

-17
- 4
-9 4
— 22
-2 4
-2 8

completely within the rule

-6 5

laws from which its vast

of the ordinary economic
laws that govern others,—
unused

The density of population in the District of Columbia is properly comparable only with that of cities.

average, $870.13 for each
man, woman and child.

by that of Great Britain.

familiarity with its results
8 — IO
9 - 8

C e n tr a l.

’■

dustry, is exceeded only

United

C e n tr a l.

$43,642,000,000, was, on an

great decline in this in­

present position of leader­

6

42

K entucky.........................
Tennessee........................
Alabama............................
Mississippi........................
Louisiana..........................
Texas................................
A rkansas.........................
N orth ern

greater than those of all

ship has been made in a

South A tla n tic.
Delaware..........................
Maryland..........................
District of Columbia__
Virginia.............................
West Virginia.................
North Carolina ............
South Carolina................
Georgia.............................
Florida.............................
S o u th e r n

Its

trade at sea, despite the

M anufactures

A griculture .
to

W e alth

80

M anufactures .

38

to

50

W ea lth

50

W e a l th .

E ducation .
Expenditure per Capita for
Primary Schools.
$18.70 Highest.
0.81 Lowest.

43

to

T ax atio n .
State and Local, per Capita.
$14.60 Highest.
1.0 6 Lowest.

87

14

P opulation

N et D ebt .
State and Local, per Capita.
$127.66 Highest.
0 .7 1 Lowest.

50,155,783 in the United

Highest.
Lowest.

of

56.83
27.82

population

I lliter a c y .
Percentage o f W hite Male
Adults unable to W rite.

L iv e S tock .
Value per Capita.
$240.85 Highest.
0.69 Lowest.

29
36

27
46
27

Highest.
Lowest.

A griculture .
Farm Product per Capita.
$8 3.76 Highest.
2.90 Lowest.

51
50

8

world.

Europe, while its carrying

N o r t h A t la n t ic .

Maine................................
New Hampshire..............
Vermont............................
Massachusetts..................
Rhode Island................
Connecticut......................
New Y o r k ...........................
New Jersey......................
Pennsylvania...................

of the

railways have a mileage

Rank.

48.1
1 .7

M anufactures .
| Value of Product per Capita.
$376.68 Highest.
6.64 Lowest.

26

Highest.
Lowest.

In C on clu sio n .—Of

or $39.33 per capita.

IO
II
21

254.9
0.2

greatly extended.

The

38

IOO

31
56
24
94
IOO

T E R R IT O R IE S .

which might, of course, be

child

W e a lth .
Tru e Valuation per Capita.

important of these com­

total

$ 1 ,653.76 Highest.
250.91 Lowest.

AND

O ccupations .
Ratio to Total Population.

in detail some of the more

the

37
49
44
94
90

P opulation .
D ensity per Square Mile.

STATES

of

The figures indicate a gain of rank— except where the minus
sign is prefixed, signifying a loss— in passing from

In percentages of the total variation from lowest to highest.

of comparison. The second

parisons, the number of

S e l e c t e d C o m p a r is o n s

.

W e alth .

better serving the purposes

ank

to

R

O ccupations

adopted in the table, as

part of the table presents

kets

Analysis o f General S u m m a ry b y Ratios.—P late 151.

resources

have

hitherto exempted it.

But

Deducting the public

about $150; in other words, three-fourths of

with all this the promise of the future is still

debt (national, state and local), amounting to

the annual product is consumed in food and

such as has never been presented to any people;

$3,162,534,517, or $63.04 per capita, the balance

raiment, leaving $2,500,000,000 to be added

such as not only to justify hopes of continually

of unencumbered wealth was over $40,000,-

yearly to the permanent wealth of the country.

increasing

000,000, or $807.09 for every inhabitant.

material

prosperity, but also

to

The

Using the estimates of Mr. Mulhall ( “ Bal­

insure the success of that great political experi­

amount raised by direct taxation was $302,-

ance Sheet of the W o rld ” ) in regard to other

ment, “ whose further history,” as an English

200,694, or $6.03 per capita, which was but

countries, it appears that in nearly all the

writer has said, “ is of unbounded importance

6^ mills on each dollar of true valuation.

factors of material prosperity, the United States

to the future welfare of mankind.”

P late 1 3 9

M IN IN -G

(On the Authority of State Geologists, Mineralogists,
and Experts.)

, PRODUCT PER CAPITA, BY STATES J
(Based on the Returns of the
Tenth Census.)
oniand

3linneapolia

Milwaukee*

'Buffalo

WUCH.
:a„awq>ids
Detroit*

Ttacine
Dubuque1

IOWA

Chicago'

Omaha^
Lincoln* )

D

Leaven wortKV, >Kansas City
■
Topeka
StXouis^f

!

ot"°

c o lu m n

/

’Louisville

Nashville
L p~his
em

Colunihi^
.Atlanta
i-leston,

------------[
.Shreveport

MISS.
yickshurg

Montgomery

Savannah*
No product reported.
Under $1 per Capita
$1 and under $5 per Capita.

San Antonio

ralveston

Gold Product, per Capita,
by States, 1880,
Rank

State.

Ala. .. $ .001
Tenn..
.001
M e....
.005
V a ....
.006
S.C. ..
.0 1 0
N.H...
.030
Ga. ...
.050
N.C. ..
.080
Alsk. .
.200
N. Mex
.410
Wyo. .
.&30
Wash.- 1.810
Utah.. 2.030
Ariz. .
Oreff. .
Colo. .
Cal. ..
Dak. ..
Ida. ..
Mont..
Nev. 771

21
20

19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

9
8

7
6

5
4
3
2
1

INDEX,

Per
Capita.

$1 per Capita.

Ala. ..21 N .H ...16
Alsk. .13 N.Mex 13
Ariz. . 8 N.C...14
Cal. - 6 Oreg.. 7
C o lo .. 6 S.C. ..17
Dak... 4 Term.. 20
Ga. ...15 Utah.. 9
Ida. .. 3 Va___18
M e.... 19 Wash.-lO
Mont.. 2 Wyo. .11
N ev... 1

Unsettled parts
Mining Regions.

Estimated Gold and Silver Product of the United
States, 1845-1880,
Total Gold Product, by States, 1880,
Rank

State.

Amount.
$

21
20

19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

9
8

INDEX.

Utah.......... ..................................................

7
6

5
4
3

2
1 California.....................................................

1,301
1.998
2.999
5,951
9,321
10,999
13.040
17,321
49,354
81,029
118,853
135,800
211,965
291,587
1,097,701
1,479.653
1,805,767
2,699,898
3,305,843
4,888,242
17,150,941

SCALE:
$3,000,000
$ 4,000,000

$6,000,000
$8,000,000

Ala. . -21|N.H...16
Alsk. -1 8 ^ 0 /^ 1 3
Ariz. . 9IN.C...11
Cal. . - 1 Oreg.. 7
Colo. . 4 S.C. ..15
Dak. . . 3 Tenn..20
Ga.. . .12 Utah... 8
Ida. . . 6 Va___ 17
Me... .19 Wash.-10
Mont. . 5 Wyo. .14
Nev.. . 2

(Based on the Reports of the Director of the Mint.)
Silver.

Gold.

$ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Gold and Silver Product of the World, 1880.
(Based on the Report o f the Director o f the Mint!)
Country.
Norway.
Europe, unspecified.
Sweden.
Italy.
Argentine R epublic.
Germany..................... ............
Bolivia, Chili, Brazil and Peru.
Japan...
Canada.
Mexico.
Austria.
Africa.
Venezuela.
Colombia.
Russia.
Australia.
United States.
Total.

$

166,270
2,078,380
62,435
17,949
420,225
5,576, '
10,392,500
916,400
68,205
25,167,763
2,002,727

Gold and Silver Deposited at the Mints and Assay Offices]
from their Organization to June 30, 1880.
(Based on thCTReport o f the Director o f the Mint.) *

Massachusetts........................... $
918,
Michigan.................................... 3,443,675
Maryland
Vermont.
New Hampshire
Alaska........................................ 1
Tennessee..
Washington
Alabama
Utah
Wyoming
South Carolina
New Mexico
Virginia
Arizona
Dakota
Georgia
North Carolina
Nevada
Oregon
Idaho..
Colorado
Montana
California

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S.

P late1 4 0

nvmisrinsrG-

SILVER
(On the Authority of State Geologists, Mineralogists,
and Experts.)

. PRODUCT PER CAPITA, BY STATES.J
(Based on the Returns of the
Tenth Census.)
>niand

Minneapolis

■
Jljock *
®
'Buffalo
V.
Dubuque1

Milwaukee^ |
T ta c in e fl

,a
\ora>>< Twpia*
Detroit)
JJIni

Chicago*
Omaha*}
Lincoln* )

Cievel

Peoria

o y io
Columbus

rJ

S»cinnati

^
StXouis ^

/ \ .v a .
w

'Louisville

KANS.

.Nashville

Total Product, 1880,
Rank

State.

CMempb*8
.,

Amount.

12
11
10

9
8

7
6

5
4
3

Alsk. _ $
51
$2,000,000
S.C. ..
56
N.C. -140
$4,000,000
Ga. .. .
332
Wash.1,019
$6,000,000
M e....
7,200
N .H...
16,000
Estimated. $8,000,000
Mich..
25,858
Oreg. .
27,793
Dak...
70,813
N. Mex
392,337
Ida. ..
464,550
Cal.. . 1,150,887
Ariz. . 2,325,825

2
1

Mont..
Utah..

Nev...
Colo. -

Rank

Capita.

SCALE:

S.C. .. $ .00005
N .C ...0001
Ga..............0002
Alsk. .
.002
Me. . .
.011
Wash..014
Mich..
.020
N.H...
.050
Oreg..
.160
Dak...
.520

cai. ..

N. Mex
Ida. ..
Utah. .
Ariz. .
Mont..
Colo. .

ARK.

$1 per Capita.

X -

/

*S C
[-Teutoni

I

n

1

------------- (
■ Shreveport
l.

IN D E X ,

MISS.
yichshurg

San Antonio

No product reported
Under $1 per Capita

ALA..

Montgomery

$1 and under $5

i*j;atchea

Mobile

18Mont.. 4
5 N ev ... 2
6 N.H...12
. 1 N.Mex 8
9 N.C. -.16
15 Oreg. .10
7 S.C. -.17
13 Utah.. 3
11 Wash.-14

2,905,068
4.743,087
12,430,667
16,549,274

Product, per Capita, 1880,

Columbia,

lit t le Hock /

SCALE:

18
17
16
15
14
13

jacksonv

ialveston

$50 and over,
Unsettled parts
Mining Regions.

IN D E X ,

Alsk. .15 Mont.. 3
Ariz. . 4 Nev. . 1
C al.... 8 N.H. .11
Colo. . 2 N.Mex 7
Dak... 9 N.C. .17
Ga.. ..16 Oreg. .10
Ida. . . 6 8.0. . .18
M e... .14 Utah . 5
M ich..12 Wash. AS

l.aso

Nev— I

3.280
14.250
32.940
57.510
74.190
85.160
199.630

COPPER
'O

(On the Authority of State Geologists, Mineralogists,
and Experts.)

T
r ii
) 1

i PRODUCT PER CAPITA, BY STATES J
(Based on the Returns of the
£^
3
Tenth Census.)
brtland

Minneapolis

yioc»'
-Buffalo

Dubuque1

»°k ly n

IOWA
Omaba^

Lincoln* )

!

oyio ''r&

columbus
' Cincinnati j

V/.VA.
Topeka

Ricbtuoi

'Louisville

♦Nashville

tenn.
CMemphis.

Columbia

N .M EX ,

.Atlanta
rleston,

------------- f
(Shreveport

MISS.
yicTjsburg

Product, per Capita, 1880,

8

7
6

5
4
3
2
1

State.

Per
Capita.

Wis. .. $ .001
.008
Pa. .. .
.012
M o....
N.H...
.017
.028
M e....
N .C ...
.250
V t .. ..

Mich..

SCA LE:

$1 per Capita.

1.413
4.874

Total Product (Value), 1880,
Amount.

Mich.

San Antonio

21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

$1 and under $5

jacksonv

$50 and over.

Mining Regions.

Pounds.

V a ....
678
Ga.. ..
922
Colo. .
1,578
Alsk. .
3,933
N. Mex
4,055
T e x ...
5,084
Wis. ..
18,087
Md---30,910
N .II...
34,050
M e ....
102,500
Ida. ..
150,000
Tenn..
153,880
Pa. ...
214,736
M o....
230,717
Cal. ..
720,000
734,730
Nev...
Mont.. 1,212,500
N.C... 1,640,000
Vt----- 2,647,894
Ariz. . 3,183,750
Mich.. 45,830,262

Sav aD na

Unsettled parts

Total Product (Ingots), 1880,
Rank State.

Jalveston

No product reported.
Under $1 per Capita

Montgomery

Mobile

Rank

U
juim^n

•Cr

IN D E X ,
SCALE:

Alsk. .18 N ev... 6
1,000,000 Pounds Ariz. . 2 N.H...13
Cal. .. 7 N.Mex 17
Colo. .19 N.C. .. 4
Ga. ...2 0 Pa. . . . 9
Ida. ..11 Term.. 10
M e....1 2 Tex. ..16
Md---- 14 Vt. . . . 3
M ich.. 1 Va-----21
M o .... 8 Wis. ..15
Mont. . 5
10,000,000*

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S.

j^l h s t u s t g

P late i 4 1

Per
C
apita.

R
ank State.
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

INDEX.

Total Product,

Ala. ..15 Mont. .23
Ark. ..21 Nebr.. 24
Cal. -.13 N .C ...25
Colo. .11 O hio.. 8
Ga. . .17 Oreg. .20
111....... 2 Pa. .. . 1
Ind. .. 6 R.I---- 22
Iow a.. 5 Tenn. .14
Kans.. 8 Va. ...19
K y .. . . 9 Wash.-16
M d.... 4 W. Va. 7
Mich. .18 Wyo. .10
M o.-.-12

1880.
Rank

State.

Value.

25 N.C. .. $
24 Nebr..
23 Mont..
22
21
20
10

I U ------

18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

9

8
7
6

5
4
3
2
1

A rk ...
Oreg. .
V a .. ..
Mich..
Ga. .. .
Wash. Ala. ..
Tenn..
Cal. ..
Mo. ..
Colo. .
Wyo. .
K y ... .
Kans..
W. Va.
Ind. ..
Iowa .
M d....
Ohio..
Ill____
Pa. a.

400
750
800
15,440
33,535
97,810
100,637
224,500
231,605
389,046
475,559
628,954
663,013
1,037,100
1,041,350
1,080,451
1,123,046
1,498,168
1,971,847
2,143,093
2,473,155
2,584,455
7,629,488
8,739,755
60,383,651

SCALE:
$2,000,000
$4,000,000

$6,000,000
$8,000,000

-

N .C ... $ .0002
Nebr..
.002
Mont. .
.020
A rk ...
.042
.056
R.I---Va. . .
.067
.137
M ich..
.150
G a .. . .
.377
Ala. ..
.408
Tenn..
.478
M o ....
.560
O reg..
K y ....
.681
.767
C al....
1.083
Ind. ..
Kans.. 1.504
1.522
Iowa..
Ohio.. 2.386
Md. .. 2.764
1 ___
11
W. Va.
Wash.Colo. .
Pa. . ..
Wyo. .

SCALE:
$1 per Capita.

Ala. .17 Mont. .23
Ark.. .22 Nebr. .24
Cal. . .12 N.C.. .25
Colo. - 3 Ohio. 8
G a... .18 Oreg. .14
111.— . 6 Pa. .. 2
Ind. . .11 R .I... 21
Iowa . 9 Tenn. .16
Kans. .10 V a ... 20
K y.-- .13 Wash. 4
Md... - 7 W. Va 5
Mich. .19 Wyo. 1
M o... .15

$4
$5

$10

*15

$20

$25

$35

*4 0

*.45

*10,000 OQO
$

2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ '4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
^ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

a The wave line indicates the anthracite ■product of Pennsylvania.

Total Out-put of Coal in

1880.
Variety.

SCALE:
1.000,000 Tons.

Tons.

10,000,000

5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

15,000,000

,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

I

Anthracite . 28,649,812
Bituminous. 42,776,624

.3 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Jotal Out-Put of Anthracite Coal,

1820- 1880.

(Fromthe “ Am
erican Alm
anac and Treasury of
Facts,” 1881.)
ighest.
Year. Low
est. H
ighest. Year. Low
est. H

Year
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
is:i()
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1830
1837
1838
1839
1 S 40
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1653
1654
1855
1856
1857
ia r
>8
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1805
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1870
1877
1878
1879
1880

Tons.
365
1,073
3,720
6,951
11,108
34,893
48,047
63,434
77,516
112,083
174,734
176,820
363,871
487,748
376,636
560,758
684,117
879,441
738,697
818,402
864,384
959,973
1,108,418
1,263,598
1,630,850
2,013,013
2,344,005
2,882,309
3,089,238
3,242,966
3,358,889
4,448,916
4,993,471
5,195,151
6,002,334
6,608,517
6.927,580
6,664,941
6,759,369
7,808,252
8,513,123
7,954,314
7.875,412
9,566,006
10,177,475
9,652,391
12,703,882
12.991.725
13,834,132
13.723,030
15,849,899
15,113,407
19,026.125
19.585.178
18.980.726
19,712,472
18,501,311
20.828.179
17,605,262
28,142,689
28,649,812

1825 $ 8
1826 11
1827 10
1828 10
1829 10
1839
7
1831 6
1832 8
1833 5
1834 5
1835 5
1836 7
1837 8
1838 7
1839 6

SCALE:
1,000,000 Tons.

2,000,000.

1840

3,000,000

6

1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1810
1847
1848
1849
185(1
1851
1&52

6
5
4
4
4
5
5
4
5
5
4
5

00 $11 00 1853 $5 00
00 12 00 1854 6 00
50
00
00
00
00
50
50
50
50
00
50
00
50
00
50
00
50
25
50
00
00
50
00
00
25
00

12
12
12
12
9

16
10
6

50
00
00
00
00
00
00
50

9 (X)

11 00
11 00
9 50
9 00
8 50
9 00
9 00
6 00
6 00
6 00
7 00
7 00
6 00
6 00
7 00
7 00
7 00

1855
1856
1857
1858
1859

1860
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1870
1877
1878
1879
1880

5
5
6
5
5
5
4
4
7

50
50
00
00
25
50
20
25

9

00

(X
)

8 50
8 50
6 50
6 50
6 50
4 50
5 00
3 75
5 00
4 55
4 40
3 75
3 25
2 75
2 15
3 50

00
50
7 50
6 50
7 00
6 00
5 50
6 00
6 00
8 50
11 00
15 (X
)
13 50
13 00
8 50
11 50
10 50
8 50
13 00
6 25
6 50
5 55
5 55
5 55
3 75
4 50
3 25
4 45

* 7
7

1880.

PRICE-CHART OF ANTHRACITE COAL FOR 56

Table of Lowest and Highest Prices o f Anthra­
cite Coal, per Ton, In New York,

(From a paper by P. W. Sheafer, M. E., of Pottsvllle, Penn., read before the Association
for the Advancement of Science,
Saratoga, Sept., 1879.)

*10

EUEIl S fS IS E IS B

n

Lowest and Highest Prices, per Ton, in New York
(Based on the accompanying table of prices.)

S U S IS IS E ii!H 5 3 Hi JEESEEJESEiiSIiniE! $10

ighest

4,000,000
5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

.owest

SCALE OF CHART.—Each space between the horizontal lines represents 20 cents.

10,000 ,000 ,

15,000,000
2 0 , 000,000
2 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S.

nvLursrinNrGr

P late 1 4 2

(On the Authority of State Geologists, Mineralogists,
and Experts.)

s, PRODUCT PER CAPITA, BY STATES, i
(Based on the Returns of the
Tenth Census.)

<y%fg,

ortland

MINN
Minneapolis

'YouJilyn

Dubuque1

IOWA
DesMoines
Peoria

Lincoln*1

IND.

o
’
I C A >tfO •
o u nbxft*

Indlanapo1 9
1
Leavonworfl
Topeka

Columbia

little Rock

N.MEX.

}

ARK.

Tucson^

------------- (
•Shreveport

ileston,

MISS.

X^vicltsburg

•a la *.;
Montgomery

1Natchez

San Antonio

\ /

21

20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13

State.

Vt. ... 8
Oreg..

21
20

N .C .. .
V t. . . .

N .C ...

19
18
17
16
15
14
13

M e....

Del. ..
M e....
Wis. .
W. Va.
K y ..M d....
12 Ga. . .
11 Tenn..
10 Conn..
9 Ala. ..
8 Mass..
7 Va. . .
6 Ohio..
5 M o....
4 N .J ...
3 N .Y .—
2
1

Rank

Value.

State.

Pa. .. .
Mich..

2,750
4,669
5,102
6,553
9,000
73,000
88,595
88,930
118,050
120,692
129,951
147,799
189,108
226,130
384,331
448,000
1,674,875
2,900,442
3,499,132
4,318,999
6,034,648

Under $1 per Capita

Product per Capita, (Value), 1880,

Total Product, (Value), 1880,
Rank

No product reported
Lveston

IN D E X

$.6,000,000

Ala. .. 9jN.Y... 3
Conn..10 N .C ...19
Del. ..18 Ohio.. 6
Ga. . .12 Oreg. .20
ICy___ 14 P a .... 2
Me___17Tenn..ll
Md— 13 Vt. ...21
Mass.. 8 Va. . . 7
Mich.. 1 W.Va.15
M o .... 5 Wis. -.16
N .J ... 4

O r e g ..

Del. ..
K y ....

W is...
Ga___
T e n n ..
M d ....

12
11
10

Mass..
O h io ..

9 W. Va.
8 Ala. ..
7 C o n n ..
6 V a ....
5
4
3

N .Y ...
M o ....

2
1

N .J . . .

Pa.. ..
Mich..

Per
Capita.

$1 and under $5 per Capita
SCALE:

8 .004
.008
.014
.027
.045
.054
.055
.078
.084
.126
.127
.140
.143
.150
.237
.254
.688
.772
1.008
2.564

$1 per Capita.

$50 and over,

Ala. . 8.N.Y.Conn . 7 N .C ..
Del. .17 Ohio.
Ga.. .14 Oreg.
K y ... .16 Pa.. .
M e... .19 Tenn.
Md... .12 Vt. ..
Mass. .11 Va. .
Mich. . 1 W .V a
M o... . 4 W is..
N.J. . 2

5

Unsettled parts

21
10

Mining Regions.

18
3
13
20
6
9
15

AUTHORITY

P R O D U C T P E R C A P IT A .

The location of mining regions, as indicated on the maps of this series,

L ._

1SSO .

is based upon information obtained from the several gentlemen whose
names are given below.

The author’s acknowledgments are due for

Product per Capita, (Value), 1880,

the invaluable aid thus rendered, especially to A l b e r t W ill ia m s , Jr .,
Chief of the Division of Mining Statistics and Technology, United

Rank

State.

Per
Capita.

States Geological Survey, for his final revision of all locations, as w ell

7

Tenn..
i n _____

as for data concerning Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico,

5
4
3

Iowa Va. . .
W is...
Kans..
M o....

nebr.

$ .0 0 2

6

.0 1 0
.0 1 2
.0 2 2

Oregon, Utah, and Washington, and also to P r o p . R a p h a e l P u m p e l l y ,
Director of the Northern Pacific Transcontinental Survey and Special

2
i

$1 per Capita.
KANS.

.060
.427
.682

Agent of the Tenth Census, for information as to iron, coal, copper, and
lead, in Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, Kansas, Massachusetts, Nevada,
New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Utah, Virginia, W ash­

No product reported

ington, and W est Virginia.

Under $1 per Capita

Alabama—

.E u gen e A . S m ith , State Geologist.

$1 and under $5 per Capita

Arkansas . . .

.P r o p . L ou is G r a f , Geologist.

California..

.H e n r y G. H a n k s , State Mineralogist.

Connecticut.

.P ro f . J am e s D. D a n a , Editor “ American Journal o f Science,” Yale

Total Product, (Value), 1880,
Rank

State.

7

Tenn..
Iowa..
Ill___
Va. . .
W is...
Kans..
M o....

College.
D akota...

.P r o f . P. B. S ib l e y , Geologist.

6

Delaware.

. (The Governor reports no mineral product of value.)

Florida ...

.W m . H. A sh m ead , E sq ., Jacksonville.

5
4
3

Georgia...

.G. T. H end erso n , Commissioner o f Agriculture.

2
1

Value.
2,500
19,172
30,200
33,000
78,525
460,980
1,478,571

8

$50 and over,
Mining Regions.

.P ro f . A. H. W orth en , State Geologist.

Indiana...............J ohn C o l l e tt , Geologist, Chief o f the Bureau o f Statistics.

PRODUCING REGIONS..^

Iow a..................-S. C a l v in , A. M., Professor o f Natural Science, State University.
Kentucky........... J ohn R. P roctor , State Geologist.
Louisiana...........J. R . W a l k e r , Geologist.
Maine................. P ro f . G eorge H. S tone , Geologist.
Maryland............P ro f . A r t is II. S h erm a n , Geologist.
Massachusetts . . L u c a l B a k e r , E sq ., Templeton, Mass.
Michigan______ C h a r le s E. W r ig h t , M. E., Commissioner of Mineral Statistics.
Minnesota.......... N. H. W in c h e l l , State Geologist.
Mississippi.......... R e v . E. S. R obinson , Professor o f Geology.
Missouri..............P rof . G. C. B r o ad h e ad , Geologist.
Montana.

( G eorge W. C an n on , Helena, Mont.
J ohn W. E d d y , Helena, Mont.,
.P ro f . S. A u g h e y , Geologist.

New Hampshire.P r o f . C. H. H itch co ck , Geologist, Dartmouth College.

Product per Capita, (Value), 1880.
Rank

15
14
13
12
11
10

9
8

7

6
5

4
3
2
1

State.

|i M

Per
Capita.

Mass.. 8 .002
.006
Kans..
.013
K y ....
.019
T e x . ..
Pa.. ... .041
.060
La. .. .
V a .... .084
.114
Ohio..
Cal. ..
.141
N.Y. — .218
Utah..
.419
Wyo...
.421
W.Va.
.615
Mich.. 1.388
N e v ...

d T ~ \ .

&

P R O D U C T P E R C A P IT A .
i-

1880.

;

„S [

SCALE:

$1 per Capita.

NEBR.

IOWA.

KANS.

TENN.

1.488

New Jersey........ G eorge H. C ook , State Geologist.
New York.......... P rof . J am es H a l l , State Geologist.
North Carolina..W . C. K e r r , State Geologist.
Ohio.................... E d w ar d O rton , P h. D., Professor o f Geology, President State Uni­
versity.
Pennsylvania___Office o f the State Geological Survey.
South Carolina..H a r r y H am m ond , Beech Island, S. C.
Tennessee..........J. B. K il l e b r e w , Commissioner o f Mines, Special Agent o f the Tenth
Census.
Texas.

S a m u e l B. B u c k l e y , State Geologist.

V erm ont.

H. A. C u ttin g , State Geologist.

Wisconsin

T. C. C h a m b e r la in , State Geologist.

Wyoming

S. F. E mmons , Geologist, United States Geological Survey, Special
Agent o f the Tenth Census.

Total Product, (Value), 1880,
Rank State.
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

No product reported
Under $1 per Capita

Value.

Mass.. S 3,800 Made from sea-water.
Kans..
5,700
Wyo. .
8,760 S C A L E :
Ky. . .
21,950
$2,000,000
T e x ...
29,700
La. . . .
56,160
o :k salt mined and ground..
Utah..
60,280
$4,000,000
N ev...
92,640
•om sea-water.
Cal....
121,650
Va___
127,678
Pa. . ..
177,415
Ohio..
363,791
W.Va.
380,369
N .Y ... 1,107,760
M ich.. 2,271,913
C O P Y R IG H T , 1883', B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S.

$1 and under $5 per Capita.

$50 and over,
Producing Regions..

P late 1 4 3

F IS H E R IE S

VALUE OF PRODUCTS.

(Based on the Returns o f th€f
Tenth Census.)

ALL FISHERIES.
Product per Capita
Rank

Total Product.
Rank

State.

Value.

29 Minn.. $
5,200
28 Miss. .
22,540
27 Tnd. ..
32,740
2 G Ill___
60,100
25 Ala. ..
119,275
21 G a . - - .
119,993
23 T e x ...
128,300
22 N .I I ...
176,684
21
Wash.181,372
2 0 s . c . ..
212,482
19 Wis. ..
253,100
18 P a . . . .
320,050
17 L a. . . .
392,610
10 Ohio..
518,420
15 F l a . . .
643,227
14 Mich..
716,170
13 N .C...
845,695
12 R . I ----880.915
11 Del. ..
997,695
10 Conn..
1,456,866
9 Cal. ..
1,860,714
8 Alsk. .
2,(561,640
7 O r e g ..
2,781,024'
6 V a .-..
3,124,444
5 ■N.J. . . 3,176,589
4 M e ....
3,614,178
3 N .Y ...
4,380,565
2 Md___
5,221,715
8,141.150

SCALE:

INDEX.

$ 2 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

State.

Minn..
Ind. ..
Miss. .
IU___
Pa. .. .
-M G a ... .
23 T e x ...
2 2 Ala. ..
21 Ohio..
2 0 W is...
19 s . c . ..
18 La. ...
17 Mich..
16 N.II...
15 N .C ...
14 N .Y ...
13 V a ... .
12 Cal. ..
11 Conn..
10 Fla. ..
9 Wash.8 N.J. ..
7 R.I. ..
6 Mass..
5 M e....
4 M d....
3 {Del. ..
29
28
27
26
25

Ala. . .25 Miss. .28
Alsk. . 8 N.H.. .22
Cal. . . 9 N.J. . 5
Conn. .10 N.Y.. 3
Del. . .11 N O .. .13
Fla. . .15 Ohio. .16
G a... .24 Oreg. 7
111.. . .26 Pa. .. .18
Ind. . .27 R .I... .12
La. .. .17 S.C. . 20
Me... 4 Tex.. .21
Md... . 2 V a... 6
Mass. 1 Wash. -21
Mich. .14 Wis.. .19
Minn. .29

$4,000,00C

$ i,000,000

2
1

Value.
$

£ -;

2

.006
.016
.019
.019
.074
.077
.080
.094
.162
.192
.213
.417
.437
.509
.604
.861
2.065
2.151
2.339
2.386
2.414
2.808
3.185
4.566
5.569
5.585
6.805
15.912
1.217.584

SCALE:
$1 per (

10, 0 0 0 , 0 0 0

$

GENERAL FISHERIES.
Product per Capita,
Rank

Total Product.
Rank

State.

Value.

Minn.. $ 5,200
Miss. .
12,540
Ind. ..
32,740
111_____
60,100
Ala. ..
74,325
T e x ...
81,000
G a .. . .
84,993
Wash.- 109,960
Pa. . . .
132,550
N .H...
170,634
192,482
S.C. ..
La. . . .
192,610
W is...
253,100
302,242
R.I---309,029
Del. ..
Conn.. 383,887
Fla. ..
426,527
M d. ..
479,388,
Ohio..
518,420
Alsk. . 564,640
V a .. . .
602,239
M ich.. 716,170
N .C...
785,287
N.J. ..
949,678
Cal. .. 1,341,314
N .Y ... 1,689,357
Oreg.. 2,776,724
M e.... 3,576,678
Mass.. 5,581,204

29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20

19
18
17
16

15
14
13
12
11
10

9

8
7
6

5
4
3

2
1

SCALE:
INDEX,

$ 2,000,000

Ala. .25 Miss. .2 8
Alsk. .1 0 N.H.. .2 0
Cal. . . 5 N.J. . . 6
Conn -14 N.Y.. . 4
Del. .15 N.C.. - 7
Fla. .13 .Ohio. .1 1
Ga. .. .23 Oreg. . 3
1 1 . . .26 Pa. .. .2 1
1.
Ind. .27 R .I... .16
La. .. 18 S.C. . .19
M e... . 2 T ex.. .21
Md... .1 2 V a... . 9
Mass. . 1 Wash -2 2
Mich. . 8 W is.. .1 7
Minn. .2 9

$4,000,000

22
21
20

19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

9
8

7
6

5
4
3

$ 8, 000,000

State.

Value.

Minn.. $
.006
Miss. .
.011
Ind. ..
.016
Ill___
.019
Pa. . . .
.030
T ex ...
.050
Ga___
.055
Ala. -.058
Ohio..
.162
W is...
.192
S.C. ..
.193
La. . . .
.204
N .Y ...
.332
V a .. .
.398
M ich..
.437
N.II...
.491
M d....
.512
.561
N.C. ..
Conn..
.616
N.J. ..
.839
1.092
R .I ....
Wash.1.463
1.551
Cal. ..
Fla. ..
1.582
Del. ..
2.107
Mass..
3.130
5.511
M e....
Oreg..
15.888
Alsk. . 258.298

29
28
27
26
25
24
23

2
1

10 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0

*

II

•

OYSTER FISHERY.

’roduct per Capita
Rank

Total Product.
Rank

State.

Value.

N.H... $

20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

M iss. .

Wash.F la . . .

S.C. ..
[G a -----M e ....
A la . . .
T e x ...

N.C. ..

9

Pa. . . .
L a. . . .

8

R.I—

7

M a s s ..

5
4
3

D e l. . .

N .Y ...
N.J. ..

2
1

V a ....
M d ....

6 Conn..

6,050
10,000
10,000
15,950
20,000
35,000
37,500
44,950
47,300
60,000
187,500
200,000
856,925
405,550
672,875
687,725
1,577,050
2,080,625
2,218,376
4,730,476

State.

Miss. .
19 N .H...
18 S.C. ..
17 Ga. .,.
20

INDEX.

SCALE:
$ 2,000,000

$4,000,000

Ala. -.13 N .H ,..20
Conn,. 6 N.J. .. 3
Del. .. 5 N .Y ... 4
Fla. ..17 N.C. ..11
Ga. ...15 Pa. ...10
La. . . . 9 R.I___8
M e....14 S.C. ..16
Md. .. 1 Tex. ..12
Mass.. 7 Va. .. . 2
Miss. .19 Wash.-18

Value.

15 Ala. ..
14 N .C ...
13 Pa. .. .
12 Me_
_
11 Fla. ..

Wash.-

10

9 L a ... .
Mass..
7 N .Y ...
6 Conn..
8

V a ....
3 N.J. ..
2 Del. ..
1 Md. ..
4

000,000

.008
.017
.020
.022

$

.035
.042
.043
.057
.059
.133
.212
.227
.310
1.080
1.466
1.839
4.690
5.059

* 10,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

SEAL FISHERY.

Product per Capita,
Rank
5
4
3

Total Product.
Rank
5
4
3
2
1

State.

Oreg..
Cal. ..
Wash.Conn.Alsk. .

Value.

2

i

SCALE:

State.

Cal. ..
Oreg..
Conn..
Wash.Alsk. .

Value.
$

.018
.024
.179
.817
959.057

SCALE:
$1 per Capita.

,

,

$!
4

Y

Computed on the white and Creole population only, and therefore the comparison line is omitted.

2 000,000

$ ,
$

4,300
15,750
61,412
111,851
2,096,500

$4,000,000
$ 6,000,000
$ 8,000,000

*1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SO NS.

P late 1 4 4

F IS H E R IE S

(Based on the Returns of the
Tenth Census.)

VALUE OF PRODUCTS. —Continued.

V A L U E OF PRODU CT, PER C A PIT A ,

MENHADEN FISHERY.

\
i

i
Mont.

\

j

__

i
—

\
i M
1

DAK.

i

1

i
W YO .

i—

/

U TAH.

/

j
j

j

\
1

NEBR.

7
1

‘v . r

COLO.

KANS.

H.MtX.

Product per Capita.
Rank

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Total Product.
R
ank
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

State.

Value.

Del. .. $
941
.Md....
11,851
Mass..
61,769
N.J. ..
146.286
R.T—
221,748
Conn.. 256,205
V a ... .
303,829
N .Y ... 1,114,158

SCALEi

$ 2 ,coo,0 00

State.

Value.

Del. .. $ .006
M d....
.012
Mass..
.034
N.J. ..
.129
Va----.200
N .Y ...
.219
Conn..
.411
R.I---.801

T EX

SCALEi

$1 per Capita.
$3

$4

X /- \
$5

$10,00 0,00 0

V A L U E OF PRODUCT, PER C A PIT A ,

WHALE FISHERY.

**•---- M

o n t

r

!
—

Product per Capita.
Rank

5
4
3
2
1

Total Product.
Rank

State.

Value.

SCALEi

State.

Value.

N .C ... $ .0002
Conn..
.051
AM. .
..228
Cal,...
.233
Mass..
1.171

|

1

.

i M

OAK.

1

1

L.

!

W YO.

SCALEi
$1 per Capita.
$2

7

$3

$4

"

i
,J ._

— '- 'j
NEBR.

\

$5

$ 2,000,000

5 N .C ... $
408
500
4 Alsk. .
3 iConn..
32,048
2 Cal. ..
201,650
1 Mass.. 2,089,337

K EY

* 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

I

"No product reported____
Under $1 per Capita-------$1 and under $2 per Capita..

$2 ..

Rank

Product.

Value.

„

—
.................... m u

$5 „

»

$10 „

$10..

„

$15 „

$16..

Fishery Product of the United States.

..

$20..

SCALEi
$ 2 ,000,000

7 Sponge fishery............ $ 200,750
6 Menhaden fishery.......
2,116,787
2,289,813
4 Whale fishery...............
2,323,943
13,403,852
2 1
General fisheries........ 22,405,018
1 1
All products................. 43,046,053

1<____ 1 0 L g. 1 0 twit 1 tru 1 UO T
2>
3 on 4
«0 iw C reen )7o

$

.._
_

10, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$

2 0 , 000,000

.* ___

$ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
» ---

$20 and over, per Capita__

10
8

10
7

10
6

1U
6

10
4

10
3

10
2

1 0 L n . 1 0 W 90 from
1 u g 0 eit

8 Green. 70
0

<
0

5
0

40

3
0

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S.

iW

1
(T

P late 1 4 5

T R A n ST SP O R T A T IO IT

CARRIAGE BY RAIL.

(Based on the Returns of the
Tenth Census.)

Estimated R A IL W A Y EARNINGS,

fs—y per Capita, by States,
1880 .

Estimated Railway Earnings, per Capita,
by States, 1880.

IN D E X ,

SCALE:
Rank

State

38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4

A rk.. .
L a .__
M iss...
W .Va.
Tex. ..
K y ----Ala. . .
F la ... .
Tenn. .
N.C—
V a.......
Kans. S.C. . .
M d... Ga.......
Nebr. .
W is....
Colo. ..
Mich. .
Me_
_
Minn. .
Utah ..
Ohio -Pa. . -.
Iowa ..
Ind. . .
X.Y. -.
Mass. .
Nev. . .
Ill........
Vt........
R.I. ...
N.H. ..
Mo_
_
N.J. . .
3 Conn. .
2 Cal.. ..
1 D el... .

Per

Capita

A la ... .32 M iss.. .36
A rk.. .38 Mo.. . 5
C al... . 2 Nebr. .23
Colo. .21 Nev... .10
Conn. . 3 N.H. . . 6
D el... 1 N .J ... 4
F la... .31 N.Y. . .12
G a.... .24 N.C.-- .29
111. ... 9 Ohio . .16
In d ... .13 P a .. . .15
Iowa . .14 R .I. . 7
Kans. .27 S .C .. 26
Ky. .. .33 Tenn. .30
La. .. .37 Tex... .34
Me. .. .19 Utah. 17
M d... .25 V t. . . 8
Mass. .11 V a .... 28
Mich. .20 W.Va 35
Minn. .18 W is... .22

per Capita.
$2 $3 $4 $5

$1 43
3 54
3 68
3 87
4 38
4 73
4 94
5 02
5 06
b 57
6 19
6 26
6 27
6 45
6 74
7 59
7 91
8 66
9 63
9 94
11 32
12 28
13 01
13 36
13 38
14 09
14 32
14 68
15 03
J6 89
16 90
1? 80
18 88
19 18
22 99
25 05
28 63
35 47

$7
$8

TEN N.

s '

Under $5 pec Capita
$5 and under $10 per Capita

IO

Over $30 per Capita

$20
*2 5
$30
$35

Estimated Total Railway Earnings,
by States, 1880,
H k
an

State

38 Nev—
37 Ark. ..
36 F la ... .
35 Colo. ..
34 U ta h ..
33 W.Va.
32 La___
31 Nebr. .
30 Miss...
29 R.I. . .
28 D e l- - 27 V t___
26 Md. .. .
25 S.O . . .
24 Kans. .
23 A la ....
22 Me_
_
21 N.H. ..
20 Tex. ..
19 T en n ..
18 N .C ....
17 Ky. .. .
16 M inn..
15 Va. .. .
14 Wis. ..
13 Ga.......
12 Mich. .
11 Conn. .
10 Iowa ..
9 Cal. ...
8 N .J---7 Mass. .
6 Ind---5
4 Mo_
_
3 111........
2 Pa___
1 N .Y. ..

Amount
$ 936,000

1,144,000
1,352,000
1,664,000
1,768,000
2,392,000
3,328,000
3,432,000
4,056,000

Total Rolling Stock, 1880.

IN D E X .

sc a l e

:

$ 2, 000,000

$4,000,000
$ 6,000,000
1
,000,000

*10 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
1 ) 2 , 000,000

$14,000,000
$16,000,000
$18,000,000
$

Ala. . .23 Miss—.30
Ark. . .37 Mo. .. 4
C al... 9 Nebr. 31
Colo. .35 Nev... .38
Conn. .11 N .H .. .21
D el.. ‘28 N.J. . . 8
Fla. .. .36 N .Y. . . 1
G a....
N.C— .18
111. ... 3 Ohio . . 5
Ind. . . 6 Pa. . . . 2
Iowa 10 R .I ... 29
Kans. 24 S.C — .25
Ky. .. 17 Tenn. .19
La. .. .32 T e x .. .20
Me. . 22 U ta h . .34
Md._ .26 V t— . .27
Mass. . 7 V a — .15
Mich. .12 W .V a 33
Minn. ,16 W is.. .14

Kind

SCALE:
100,000

25,000

Number

200,000

3 0 0 ,0 0 0

Freight cars...............................
Cars not classified.....................
17,412
12,330
4,475

Mail, express and baggage cars

Profit on Capital Stock, 1880.
Range of Profit

SCALE:
* 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$50,000,000

Capital 8tock

* 7 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

*5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Under five per cent........... $920,362,899
Five to ten per cent........... 621,564,219

2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Ten to fifteen per cent...... 479,357,019
Fifteen to twenty per cent. 67,373,787
Over twenty per cent.........
14,410,322

*3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
10,400,000

* 4 -0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

15,600,000
21,736,000
24,752,000 ,
26,000,000 26,000,000 ’
27,872,000
41,600,000
41,600,000
52,000,000
57,200,000
72,800,000

w

*5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
*6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
*7 0 ,000,,000

Analysis of Railway Earnings and Expenses, 1880.

Aggregate transportation earnings..
total freight earnings..
Total fi
Local freigh t...................
Through freigh t........... ..
All other freigh t.............
Total passenger earnings..
Local passenger.- ........ .
Through passenger —
A ll other passenger......
M ails....................................
Express...............................
Earnings not analyzed----

$ 580,,450,594
416, 145,758
233, 688,202
176, 909,131
5, 548,425
144, 101,709
98,,321,340
44, 514,393
1,265,976
10,,472,813
8,,828,259
'902,055

Aggregate transportation expenses............
Total operating and miscellaneous expenses
Agents and station service .
Fuel for locomotives.................................
Locomotive service...................................
Contingencies and miscellaneous...........
Freight-train service.................................
Salaries of officers and clerks..................
Passenger-train Rervice............................
Freight-car m ileage..................................
Outside agencies and advertising...........
Oil and waste..............................................
Station supplies.........................................
Stationery and p rin tin g..........................
Legal expenses...........................................
W ater supply..............................................
Loss and damage, personal injuries.......
Freight-train supplies..............................
Passenger-train supplies..........................
Loss and damage, property and cattle. .
Loss and damage, freigh t........................
Insurance...................................................
Passenger-car m ileage.............................
Expenses not analyzed.............................
Total maintaining road and real estate.. .
Repairs of road bed and track................
Renewal of rails.........................................
Taxes...........................................................
Renewal of ties..........................................
Repairs of bridges.....................................
Repairs of buildings..................................
Telegraph expenses..
Repairs of fences, crossings, etc ..
Total repairs of rolling stock...........
Repairs of freight cars.
Repairs of locomotives.
Repairs of passenger,baggage and mail cars

352,800,120
195,231,737
36,767,299
32,836,470
27,239,568
21,328,326
19,892,343
12,215,850
10,046,080
7,781,828
4,737,311
3,754,670
2,871,933
2,692,011
2,457,905
2,388,867
1,377,978
1,260,965
1,148,810
1,103,761
974,526
926,634
807,525
621,077
102,583,043
39,603,076
17,243,950
13,283,819
10,741,577
9,009,097
7,644,121
3,576,477
1,480,926
54,985,340
22,595,553
21,830,963
10,558,824

Net earnings..

227,650,474

$ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$ 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
$"3 00,0 00,0 00
$ 2 00 , 000,000

$175,000,000

Assets, Liabilities, &c., per Mile, 1880.
Item

$150,000,000

Total permanent investments and cash assets
Cost of construction of roads..........................
Cost of equipment............................................
C ash.....................................................................
Stock and bonds owned (issued by other companies)
Value of telegraph lines and miscellaneous.............
Value of lands and buildings.......................................
Total capital paid in and borrowed...............................

$125,000,000

* 100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Sco
$55
$45
$35

Funded debt..................................................................
Unfunded debt..............................................................
Profit and loss to credit...................................................

$75,000,000

Total income (all sources)
Total expenditure (aF
N et income or profit
Dividends declared.
Amount retained...

$50,000,000
15,000,000

$30

$20

$*25

$15

$10
per Mile.

Balance Sheet, 1880.
Item

|

Amount

Total assets......................................... $ 5,658,914,158
Construction of roads..................... 4,112,367,176
418,045,458
Equipment............................. ........
Telegraph lines and miscellaneous
204,913,196
Stock (of other companies)...........
184,866,527
158.933,605
Bonds (of other companies)...........
Lands and buildings.......................
Due from agents and companies..
Materials and supplies.............
Sinking fund....................................
Funded debt...................................
Capital stock paid in—common---Capital stock paid in—preferred. ..
Vouchers ana accounts..................
Profit and loss—Cr...........................
Dividends unpaid............................

122,494,370
117,100,225
103,319,845
79,814,155
61,211,513
44,294,901
31,064,428
20,488,759
5,658,914,158
2,390,915,402
2,309,134,322
304,471,942
253,817,353
233,191,598
85,573,270
68,750,288
13,059,983

* 1,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

*

2 , 0 0 0 , 000,000

$750,000,000
$500,000,000
$250,000,000
C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S.

* 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

* 4 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0

* 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

P l ate i 4 6

TB A ITSPO R TA TIO K

(Based on the Returns of the
Tenth Census.)

CARRIAGE BY WATER.

E A R N IN G S PER C A P IT A ,

STEAM-CRAFT.

by States,

Earnings per Capita,
by States, 1880.
Rank

P er
Capita

State

SCALE:

38 Nebr. . $ 0 12
37 N . H . . .
15
21
3 6 T e x .. .
3 5 Miss...
27
34 N . C . . .
30
3 3 V t --------32
34
3 2 Ind---31 A la---35
38
3 0 V a ----29 S . C .- 39
49
28 A rk .. .
59
27 Iowa ..
60
26 111............
61
2 5 W .Va.
24 M in n ..
63
23 T e n n ..
67
22 G a----71
21
89
91
20
19 D e l.. .
95
18 Ohio ..
1 25
17 Me. .. .
1 42
16 D .C . 1 69
15 P a ..........
1 76
14 Mass. .
1 82
13 F la---1 90
12 N . J ------2 45
2 56
11 Mo. .. .
10 Mich. .
2 66
9 Md. .. .
3 29
8 D a k . ..
334
7 Conn. .
338
6 La.......
4 36
5 Cal. .. .
4 65
4
4 90
W ash..
3 N .Y .. .
5 11
2 R .I... .
5 37
1 Ore*?. . 11 3 5

J $1 per Capita*
IN D E X .

$2

A la ... .31 Miss. .35
A rk ... .28 Mo... .11
Cal.. . 5 Nebr. .38
Conn. - 7 N.H. -37
D a k. . 8 N.J. .12
Del. . .19 N.Y. . 3
D .C . . .16 N .C .. .34
F la ... .13 Ohio .18
G a ,... -22 Oreg. - 1
Ill_ .26 Pa.
_
.15
In d .., .32 R.I. . 2
Iowa.. .27 . . . .29
K y ---Tenn. .23
La. ... . 6 T e x ... .36
M e... .17 Vt.
.33
M d... . 9 Va.
.30
Mass. .14 Wash. . 4
Mich. .10 W. Va.25
Minn. .24 W is... .20

$3

$4

8

$5
$6
$7'

KEY
None reported----------

0

Under 50c. per Capita -

$9
$10
$11
$13

Tonnage and Value o f Water-Craft,
by Classes, 1880,
SCALE:

Total Earnings, by States, 1880.
Rank
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

State

Am
ount

sc a l e

N.H. .. $ 51,572
.Nebr. .
55,304
V t ___
107,714
D e l- ..
139,993
M iss...
300,149
D .C . ..
300,576
T e x ....
336,456
W ash..
367,983
W. Va.
376,877
S.C. . .
386,260
A rk---389,671
N .C ...,
419,964
Ala. . .
437,465
D a k . ..
450,955
Minn. .
494,654
Fla. . . .
510,808
V a.......
567,793
In d ... .
664,892
M e... .
920,293
960,681
La----Tenn. . 1,035,196
Ga....... 1,091,430
Wis. .. 1,203,491
K y....... 1,472,772
R .I. .. . 1,485,952
Ill........ 1,831,935
Oreg. . 1,983,703
Conn. . 2,106,352
N .J .... 2,776,719
Md. ... 3,075,640
Mass. . 3,246,902
Ohio .. 3,998,534
C a l... . 4,020,024
Iowa .. 4,098,816
Mich. . 4,353,961
Mo. .. . 5,560,949
Pa. . .. 7,555,525
N .Y . .. 25,953,106

Tonnage
Kind

V alue

No.

mmmm

:

§ 2 ,000,000

IN D E X .
A la ... .26 Miss. .34
A rk ... .28 M o- . 3
C a l... . 6 Nebr. .37
Conn. .11 N.H. .38
D a k. .25 N .J— .10
Del. . .35 N .Y . . . 1
I). C. .33 N .C .. .27
F la - .23(Ohio. . 7
Ga— .17 Oreg- .12
111. ... .13 Pa.
. 2
In d -. .21 R .I— .14
Iowa . . 5 S . C .. .29
K y - .. .15 Tenn. .18
La. .. .19 T e x — .32
M e - . .20 V t . . . . .36
M d - . . 9 V a - . . .22
Mass. . 8 Wash. 31
Mich. 4 W .V a 30
Minn. .24 W is .. .16

$4,000,000

$ 6,000,000

$8 ,000,000

$ 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

Steam ers........
Sailing vessels
Canal b o a ts ...
B arges............
F lats ...............
W h a r f boats—
H u lk s .............

$5,000,000
(200,000,Tons.)

$ .2 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
(1, 000, 000)

$ 2 0 ,000,000

\

CANALS.

\

\

CANAL

77

T

\

43 ——

KEY
None reported -

tncome per Capita,

Under 5c. per Capita -

by States, 1880,

13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

P er
Capita

IN D E X .
sc a l e

T ex __

$ .0 0 2
.0 0 5
.0 0 5
G a.......
.0 3
L a----.0 3
Mich. .
.0 3
Ill........
.0 7
Ohio ..
.0 7
V a.......
.2 4
N .Y . ..
.3 6
Pa----.4 0
M d ... .
.5 6
N .J — .
1 .3 8
Del. ..

:

D e l.. . 1 N . Y . . . 5
G a.......11 N.C. ..12
111........ 8 O h io .. 7
L a ----- 10 Pa----- 4
Md. . . . 3 T e x .. .13
Mich. . 9 V a . . . . 6
N .J— . 2

5c. and under 10c. per Capita 10c. »

»

25c. „

25c. »
»

»
»

50c. »
»

50c. »

$1 per Capita.

N .C —

»
»

—

75c. »

»».

Over 75c. per Capita

Total Income, by
States, 1880.

IN D E X .
sc a l e

Rank

State

13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

T e x .. .
N.C—
Ga.......
L a----M ic h ..
V a .......
Ill........
Del. . .
Ohio ..
M d - ..
N.J. . .
N .Y . ..
P a.......

Amount

2 000,000

$ ,
$

4 ,5 3 5
8 ,0 0 0
8 ,2 0 9
2 7 ,8 4 0
5 2 ,5 1 9
1 0 4 ,0 4 8
1 0 7 ,6 0 5
2 0 1 ,7 8 3
214 ,8 9 1
3 7 2 ,6 1 6
6 3 5 ,1 0 8
1 ,2 3 9 ,4 4 8
1 ,5 6 2 ,0 1 8

:

D el---- 6 N .Y . .. 2
Ga.......11 N.C. -1 2
111........7 Ohio .. 5
La. . -10 Pa....... 1
Md. . . . 4 T e x - -1 3
Mich. . 9 V a .......8
N.J. . . 3

from

98 G w
reen ich 93

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C f t lB N E R ’S S O N S .

C

ROUTES.

By HENRY GANNETT
IN C O M E PER C A P IT A ,

State

(3,000,000,000)

5,139 1,221,206.93 $80,192,495
16,820 2,366,132.96 59,152,950
8,771 1 ,2 5 3 ,6 8 8 .2 3 8,273,255
5,033 1,331,562.88 6,430,464
2,702 220,690.47 1,286,020
145
385,100
86,390.00
46
7,638.16
64,425

79

R an i

$ 7 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

^^0^00)

P late 147

RAILWAYS

C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SON S.

P late 147