The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
SCRIBNER’S STATISTICAL ATLAS OF TH E l U N I T E D STATES SCRIBNERS St a t is t ic a l A t l a s OF TH E UNITED STATES SH O W IN G BY GRAPHIC METHODS T H E IR PRESENT CONDITION AND T H E IR P O L I T I C A L , S O C I A L AND I NDUSTRI AL DE VEL OP ME NT BY FLETCHER W. HEWES AND HENRY GANNETT C hief G eographer of th e U n ited S t a te s G eological S urvey . of th e F ormerly G eographer T en th C ensus of th e U nited S tates ■ «> . NEW YORK CHARLES 743 S C R I B N E R ’S AND 745 BROADW AY SONS / < 46852 C opyright , 1883, B y C harles S cribner ’s Sons. K Struthers, Servoss & Co., Engravers, Nos. 32 and 34 Frankfort Street, New York. J. J. Little & Co,, Printers, Nos. 10 to 20 Astor Place, New York. Haddon & Co., Binders, Nos. 139 to 143 Centre Street, >3 THIS WORK IS DEDICATED, BY PERMISSION, TO FRANCIS A. WALKER, Ph.D., LL.D PRESIDENT O F THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. LATE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS TO WHOM THE COUNTRY IS CHIEFLY INDEBTED FOR A THOROUGH KNOWLEDGE OF ITS PRESENT CONDITION AND RESOURCES t* PREFACE. T he study of statistics, with the means ordinarily at command, is a dry and difficult one. It should not, there fore, be a matter of surprise that comparatively little information regarding the condition and resources of a country, is to be found among its people. Such information is, for the most part, hidden away in long and forbidding columns of ligures, and dispersed through many volumes more or less inaccessible. 1;o To group the various classes of facts, and determine their bearings one upon another, is, with raw statistics, a formidable task. Let these facts be expressed not alone in figures, but graphically, by means of maps and diagrams, appealing to a quick sense of form and color and “ clothing the dry bones of statistics in flesh and blood,” and their study becomes a delight rather than a task. ' The density of settlement, the illiteracy of the people, the wealth or poverty of different sections, and many other features of great importance, hitherto but vaguely comprehended, are made to appear at a glance, and are so vividly impressed as not to be easily forgotten. By such aids not only the statistician and political economist, but the masses of the people, who make public sentiment and shape public policy, may acquire that knowledge of the country and its resources which is essential to intelligent and successful government. It is the aim of this work to bring together and to present by graphic methods, all the leading statistical facts regarding the physical, social, industrial, commercial and political conditions of the United States. It portrays the physical features of the country, which more or less determine its development; the political history of the nation, the succession of parties and the ideas for which they existed; and the progress of settlement, from the eastern seaboard, across the Appalachians, throughout the valley of the Mississippi, and beyond the barriers of the Cordilleras. It treats of the population, its varieties of race and nativity, its educational and religious condition, its occupations, and its mortality. Passing to the industries, it exhibits the great leading branches, agriculture, manufactures, mining, trade and transportation. Under the head of Finance and Commerce, it pictures the wealth of the country, its public debt and taxation, its foreign commerce and carrying trade, its expenditures and its sources of revenue—thus presenting to the comprehension of all, the balance sheet of the General Government. The work closes fittingly with a series of diagrams which summarize and bring together for comparison, the leading facts previously developed. In the belief that the simpler methods of illustration are, as a rule, the most effective, care has been taken to avoid over-elaboration. By the use of different shades of color, the maps are made to present a bird’s-eye view of the various classes of facts, as related either to area or to population. comparisons are shown by extent in one dimension only. The diagrams are all of the simple linear character, in which Of the many kinds of diagrams hitherto used in the illustration of statistical facts, this form is at once the simplest and the most effective. The maps of the United States employed, are of three sizes: A folio map, in which the county is the unit of comparison; a state map, covering half a page, the data for which were first plotted by counties on the larger map and transferred, with such modifications as the reduction required ; and a miniature map, for representing the PREFACE. averages of states only. On the folio maps each county is numbered, and its name may readily be determined by the aid of the Index to Counties. The names of territories are italicized throughout the plates, to distinguish them from the names of states. While this Atlas is the joint production of Mr. Fletcher W. Hewes and Mr. Henry Gannett, to the former is due the inception of the enterprise, its general plan, the preparation of the material, and the execution of nearly all the plates. To his arduous labors and painstaking accuracy, the Atlas itself bears abundant testimony. Later Mr. Gannett was associated with the work, and to him have fallen the important tasks of writing the text, of revising and editing the plates, and of adding those relating to physical geography—duties for which he was amply qualified, by long experience as a statistician and by close familiarity with the work of the Census Bureau and of the Geological Survey. The material here presented has been drawn from many sources. First in importance should be mentioned the reports of the Tenth Census and of earlier ones, which have furnished the data for much the greater part of the work. The reports of the Bureau of Statistics and of Education, and the finance reports of the Treasury Department, have been laid under heavy contribution; and much valuable matter has been taken, by permission of the authors, from Spofford’s American Almanac, Poor s Manual o f Railroads., and Meechs Systems and Tables o f Life Insurance. Special acknowledg ment is due also to state geologists and mining engineers, for assistance in the preparation of the maps showing the distribution of mineral deposits; to Secretaries of State and other state officials, for data concerning election returns and the population of cities; to W. H. De Puy, D.D., for the compilation of statistics of church membership, and tc Alexander Johnston, A.M., Professor of Jurisprudence and Political Economy, College of New Jersey, for a careful revision of the political charts. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Pages xi—xviii index to Counties I — PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. Descriptive T e x t........................................... Pages xix—xxiv Annual Temperature. Hypsometric S ke tch ........ Plate 3 Topographic Map of the United S ta tes.............. Plate 1 Rain-Fall, Spring and S um m er; A n n u a l.............. Plate 4 Temperature January; J u ly .....................................Plate 2 Drainage. Forestry....................................................Plate 5 II— POLITICAL HISTORY. Descriptive T e xt............................................. Pages xxv—xxx Presidential Elections, 1860—1868.......................... Plate 9 Supremacy of Parties. Historical Synopsis.......... Plate 6 Presidential Elections, 1872—1880........................ Plate 10 Presidential Elections, 1789—1856....................Plates 7—8 Presidential Elections, by Counties, 1880.......... Plate 11 III.— PROGRESS. Descriptive T e x t............................. Pages xxxi—xl Rank of States, 1790—1880 . . . . Plate 18 Original Grants. Area in 1776... ........ Plate 12 Growth of S ta tes................ Plates 19—20 Area and Settlement, 1790—1880 .Plates 13—17 Rank of Cities, 1790—1880 . . . . Plate 21 IV.— POPULATION. Descriptive T e xt................................................ Pages xli—lii Norwegians and Swedes. Average Density.................................. French. Plate 22 S c o tc h ... Im m igration............................ . . . . Plate 28 ___ Plate 29 Distribution of Sexes................................................. Plate 23 Nativities in Principal C ities. ............... Plates 30—31 Colored. F o re ig n ........................................... Plates 24—25 Selected Classes, by States................ Plates 32—33 Germans. Irish .......... ................................................Plate 26 Inter-State M igration ............................. Plates 34—37 Plates 38—39 English and Welsh. British Am ericans............... Plate 27 Defective, Dependent and Delinquent V.— MORTALITY. Descriptive T e x t......................................... Deaths, Under 1 Year; Under 5 Years Pages liii—Ivi Diphtheria. . . . . Plate 40 Fevers. Respiratory System. C onsum ption. . . . . . . . Plate 41 Expectation of Life. Diarrhoeal Diseases.. .. .. Plate 42 Nervous System. Digestive System.............. . . . . Plate 43 Measles Plates 44— 45 Death R a t e . . . . . . . . Plate 46 Life Insurance Experience.................. Plates 47— 49 W hooping Cough. VI.— EDUCATION. . . . . Plate 54 Plates 50—51 Universities and C olleges.............. Normal and Intermediate Schools Plates 52—53 Schools for Special In struction.. Plates 56—57 Descriptive Text Pages Ivii—lx illiteracy.............. Public Schools. . . . . Plate 55 VII.— RELIGION. Descriptive T e x t...............................................Pages Ixi—Ixiv Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian............................ Plate 58 Lutheran, Christian, Congregational, Episcopal, Plate 59 Brethren, Reformed, Evangelical, Friends, Mor mons, E tc ........................................................... Plate 60 Universalist, Unitarian, Moravian, Etc. Summary, Plate 61 TABLE OF CONTENTS. X VIII— OCCUPATIONS. Descriptive Text.......................................... .Pages ixv—Ixviii Professional and Personal Services.. . . . . Plate 65 Total Persons Occupied. Total Males................ Plate 62 Trade and Transportation..................... . . . . Plate 66 Total Females. Increase in O ccupations.......... Plate 63 Manufactures, Mechanics and M ining . . . . Plate 67 Persons Occupied in A griculture.........................Plate 64 Selected Occupations, by S t a t e s . . . . , Plates 68—69 IX — FINANCE AND COMMERCE. Descriptive T e x t................................. . . . . Pages Ixix—Ixxx Internal Revenue......................................................... Plate 82 True Valuation, 1850—1880.............................. Plates 70—71 Analysis of Expenditures, 1789—1880.....................Plate 83 Assessed V aluation..................................................... Plate 72 Receipts and Expenditures, per Capita............ Plate 84 Taxation, Compared with Valuation.........................Plate 73 Postal Service. Rates of Postage, 1789—1880, Plates 85—86 Taxation, per C apita...................................................Plate 74 Coinage, 1793—1880......................................... Plates 87—88 State and Local Debt. Banking. Clearing-House Transactions, Etc. Plates 89—90 Municipal D e b t... Plates 75—76 Analysis of State and Local D e b t...................... Plate 77 Exports, 1790—1880............ National Debt, 1790-1880......................................... Plate 78 Analysis of Exports and Im ports............................. Plate 92 Government Loans, 1777—1 8 8 0 .............................Plate 79 Imports, 1789—1880.................................................... Plate 93 Receipts and Expenditures, 1789—1 8 8 0 . . . . . . . . Plate 80 Balance of Trade. Analysis of Receipts, 1789—1880............................. Plate 81 Carrying Trade, 1821—1880.............. Plate 91 T a riff........................................ Plate 94 Plate 95 X.-AGRICULTURE. Descriptive T e x t............................ . . . . Pages Ixxxi—Ixxxviii Improved L a n d ............................. Buckwheat. Corn, Product; Yield per Acre. .................. Plates 97—98 Orchard Products. Wheat, Product; Yield per Acre ................ Plates 99—100 Sugar. Molasses.............. ...................................... Plate 108 Oats, Product; Yield per A cre .. .............. Plates 101—102 Cotton. T o b a cco ........ ..................................Plates 109—110 Barley. Rye.............................................................Plate Hay. 103 Potatoes.......................Plates 104—105 Rice. H o p s............... Plates 106—107 XL— LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCTS. Descriptive T e x t........ Horses. Mules and Asses. Cattle on F a rm s ... . .........................Plate 111 Total Stock on Farms. Swine on F a rm s .. .. .........................Plate 112 Milk. Butter. S h e e p ................... Plate 113 W o o l . . . . .......... Plates 114—115 C heese.................. ............Plates 116—117 XII.— MANUFACTURES. Descriptive T e xt...................... ........................ Pages xciii—c Slaughtering. Boots and Shoes. Leather, Plates 127—128 Total Manufactures................................................... Plate 118 Lumber. Flouring and G rist-M ills........................................... Plate 119 Ship Building. Iron and S te e l......................... ........... . . . . P l a t e s 120—122 Paper. Specific Cotton Goods. Cheese and Butter. Mixed Textiles. Dyeing. Silk. Woolen Goods, Plates 123—124 Worsted G oods............ Plate 125 Hosiery and Knit Goods. C arpets.. Plate 126 Agricultural Im p le m e n ts.....................Plate 129 C hem icals................................... Plate 130 Brick and T ile ......................................... Plate 131 Glass...................................Plate 132 Selected Industries, by States; by Cities, Plates 133—136 Steam and Water P ow er................. . . . . . P l a t e s 137—138 XIII— MISCELLANEOUS. Descriptive T e xt................ .Pages ci—cxii T ra nsportation................................................ Plates 145—146 Gold. Silver. Plates 139—140 Railways. Coal. Iron. Salt Plates 141—142 Newspapers and P eriodicals.......... ..........Plates 148—149 Fisheries............................. Plates 143—144 General Summary, by Totals; by Ratios, Plates 150—151 C o p p e r .. Lead. General Index Land Grants........ ................................ Plate 147 Pages cxiii—cxx Index to C ounties. The numbers in the double Index (.Alphabetical and Num erical') refer to corresponding mimbers on the large maps. The Alphabetical Index should be used to locate a County whose name is known ; the N um erical Index, to identify a County by its number. ALABAMA. Alphabetical. Autauga................... 39 B ald w in................... 66 Barbour.................... 57 B ib b .............................32 B lou n t...................... 14 B u llo c k ................... 50 Butler........................ 54 Calhoun.................... 22 C h am b ers............... 36 Cherokee................. 16 Chilton..................... 33 C h o cta w .................. 42 C la rk e ...................... 52 C la y .......................... 28 C leburne................ 23 C o ffe e ...................... 60 Colbert..................... 5 C o n ec u h .................. 58 C o o s a ....................... 34 C ovington.................. 59 Crenshaw................. 55 C u llm an ................... 13 D a le ......................... 61 D a lla s ...................... 44 De K a lb .................. 10 Elmore..................... 40 E sca m b ia ............... 63 E to w a h .................... 15 Fayette...................... 18 F ra n k lin .................. 6 G e n e v a .................... 64 Greene...................... 30 H ale.......................... 31 H e n r y ...................... 62 J a c k s o n .................. 4 Jefferson................... 20 L a m a r ..................... 17 Lauderdale.............. x Lawrence................. 7 L e e ............................ 41 Lim estone................ 2 Lowndes.................. 45 M aco n ..................... 47 Madison................... 3 Marengo................... 43 M arion..................... 11 Marshall................... 9 M obile........................ 65 M on ro e................... 53 M ontgomery.......... 46 M organ................... 8 P e rry .......................... 38 P ic k e n s................. 24 P ik e .......................... 56 R a n d o lp h ............... 29 Russell...................... 48 Saint Clair............... 21 Shelby...................... 26 Sumter...................... 37 T a lla d e g a ............... 27 T a lla p o o sa ............. 35 Tuscaloosa.............. 25 Walker...................... 19 Washington............. 51 W ilc o x .................... 49 Winston................... 12 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. Numerical. Lauderdale. Limestone. Madison. Jackson. Colbert. Franklin. Lawrence. Morgan. Marshall. De Kalb. Marion. Winston. Cullman. Blount. Etowah. Cherokee. Lamar. Fayette. Walker. Jefferson. Saint Clair. Calhoun. Cleburne. Pickens. Tuscaloosa. Shelby. Talladega. Clay. Randolph. Greene. Hale. Bibb. Chilton. Coosa. Tallapoosa. Chambers. Sumter. Perry. Autauga. Elmore. Lee. Choctaw. Marengo. Dallas. Lowndes. Montgomery. Macon. Russell. Wilcox. Bullock. Washington. Clarke. Monroe. Butler. Crenshaw. Pike. Barbour. Conecuh. Covington. Coffee. Dale. Henry. Escambia. Geneva. Mobile. Baldwin. ARIZONA. Alphabetical. A p a c h e ................... Maricopa................. M oh ave................... Pima......................... P in a l........................ Y avapai.................... Y u m a .................... 3 5 1 7 6 2 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Numerical. Mohave. Yavapai. Apache. Yuma. Maricopa. Pinal. Pima. ARKANSAS. Alphabetical. Arkansas................. 49 A sh ley . . . . 74 Baxter...................... 5 I Benton..................... Boone ..................... 3 68 B rad ley ................. Calhoun................. 67 2 C a rr o ll.................. 70 C h ico t................... C la rk ...................... 57 8 C la y ..................... .. Columbia............... 72 Conw ay................. 30 18 Craighead. . . . . . . Crawford............... 20 Crittenden............. 35 C ro ss..................... 34 D a lla s................... 58 6l D esh a.................... D o rse y .................. 59 D r e w ..................... 69 F a u lk n e r.............. 3i F ra n k lin ............... 21 6 F u lto n ................... Garland................. 47 Grant...................... 54 G reene................... 17 H em p stead.......... 64 H ot S p rin g s......... 53 H o w a rd ................ 5 i Independence.. . . 25 14 Izard ..................... 26 Jackson................. Jefferson............... 55 22 Johnson---- . . . . . L a F a y e t t e ..... 71 Lawrence............... 16 L e e ......................... 44 L in c o ln ................. 60 Little River........... 62 Logan ................... 29 Lonoke ................. 41 IO Madison ............... Marion................... 4 M iller..................... • 63 M ississippi............ 19 M on roe................. 43 Montgomery......... . 46 Nevada ................. 65 N ew ton ................. O uachita............... . 66 P e rry ..................... 39 P h illip s................. • 5 ° P ik e ....................... • 5 2 Poinsett................. • 27 P o lk ....................... • 45 P o p e ..................... • 23 Prairie................... . 42 P u la sk i................. . 40 R an d o lp h ............. • 7 Saint F r a n c is .... • 36 Saline..................... . 48 S c o t t ..................... • 37 S e a rcy ........ .......... Sebastian............... . 28 Sevier..................... • 56 Sharp..................... • i 5 Ston e..................... • 13 U n io n ................... • 73 Van Buren............. . 24 W ashington.......... • 9 W h ite.................... • 32 Woodruff............... • 33 Y e l l ....................... • 38 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. Numerical. Benton. Carroll. Boone. Marion. Baxter. Fulton. Randolph. Clay. Washington. Madison. Newton. Searcy. Stone. Izard. Sharp. Lawrence. Greene. Craighead. Mississippi. Crawford. Franklin. Johnson. Pope. Van Buren. Independence Jackson. Poinsett. Sebastian. Logan. Conway. Faulkner. White. Woodruff. Cross. Crittenden. Saint Francis. Scott. Y ell. Perry. Pulaski. Lonoke. Prairie. Monroe. Lee. Polk. Montgomery. Garland. Saline. Arkansas. Phillips. Howard. Pike. H ot Springs. Grant. Jefferson. Sevier. Clark. Dallas. Dorsey. Lincoln. Desha. Little River. Miller. Hempstead. Nevada. Ouachita. Calhoun. Bradley. Drew. Chicot. L a Fayette. Columbia. Union. Ashley. CALIFORNIA. Alphabetical. A la m ed a ................. A lp in e ..................... A m ador................... Butte . .................... Calaveras........ . . . C o lu sa ...................... Contra C osta........... Del Norte ............... E l Dorado............... F re sn o ..................... H um boldt.........— In y o ......................... K e r n ........................ L a k e ........................ Lassen — ............. Los A n geles........... M arin....................... M ariposa................. M endocino............. M e rc e d ................... M o d o c .................... M ono........................ M onterey................. N a p a ........................ Nevada ................... Placer ...................... Plum as..................... Sacramento............. San B en ito............. San Bernardino. . . San D ieg o ............... San Francisco......... San Joaquin........... San Luis O bispo.. San Mateo............... Santa Barbara........ Santa C lara............. Santa Cruz ........... S h a sta ...................... Sierra ....................... S is k iy o u .................. Solan o...................... Sonom a................... Stanislaus............... Sutter....................... Teham a................... T rin ity..................... T u la r e ..................... Tuolum ne............... V en tura................... Y o lo ................. . . . Y u b a ........................ 34 27 26 12 3° II 28 I 23 42 4 43 47 14 7 5i 24 36 IO 39 3 32 44 20 17 18 9 22 41 48 S2 33 29 46 37 49 38 40 6 13 2 25 19 35 15 8 5 45 3i 5° 21 16 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23, 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. Numerical. Del Norte. Siskiyou. Modoc. Humboldt. Trinity. Shasta. Lassen. Tehama. Plumas. Mendocino. Colusa. Butte. Sierra. Lake. Sutter. Yuba. Nevada. Placer. Sonoma. Napa. Yolo. Sacramento. E l Dorado. Marin. Solano. Amador. Alpine. Contra Costa. San Joaquin. Calaveras. Tuolumne. Mono. San Francisco. Alameda. Stanislaus. Mariposa. San Mateo. Santa Clara. Merced. Santa Cruz. San Benito. Fresno. Inyo. Monterey. Tulare. San Luis Obispo. Kern. San Bernardino. Santa Barbara. Ventura. Los Angeles. San Diego. C O LO R A D O , Alphabetical. A rapahoe................. Bent..................... ... B ou ld er................... Chaffee ................... Clear Creek............. C onejos................... C o stilla ................... C u s te r ...................... D ouglas................... E lb e r t ..................... E lp aso..................... Fremont................... Gilpin ...................... G r a n d ..................... G u n n iso n ............... H insdale................. H uerfano................ Jefferson................. L a k e ......................... L a P lata................. 10 24 5 16 8 3° 28 22 13 14 17 18 6 2 15 20 29 9 II 26 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Numerical. Routt. Grand. Larimer. Weld. Boulder. Gilpin. Summit. Clear Creek. Jefferson. Arapahoe. Lake. Park. Douglas. Elbert. Gunnison. Chaffee. Elpaso. Fremont. Ouray. Hinsdale. C O L O R A D O —Continued. Alphabetical. Larim er.................... Las Anim as............. Ouray, i ................. P a rk .............. P ueblo..................... R io Grande........... R o u tt...................... Saguache................. San Ju an ............... Summit................... W e ld ...................... 3 3i 19 12 23 27 I 21 25 7 4 Numerical. Saguache. Custer. Pueblo. Bent. San Juan. L a Plata. Rio Grande. Costilla. Huerfano. Conejos. Las Animas. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. CONNECTICUT. Alphabetical. F a ir fie ld ............... H artfo rd ............... Litchfield............... M iddlesex............. New Haven........... New London........ T o lla n d ................. W in d h a m ............. 5 2 I 7 6 8 3 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Numerical. Litchfield. Hartford. Tolland. Windham. Fairfield. New Haven. Middlesex. New London. DAKOTA. Alphabetical. A u ro ra ..................... Barnes..................... B ead le...................... B illin g s................... Bonhom m e............. Bo rem an................. Botineau................... B rookings............... B ro w n ...................... B ru le ....................... Buffalo..................... Burleigh................... Cam pbell................. C a ss.......................... C a v ilie r ................... Charles M ix ........... Cheyenne................. Clark ........................ C la y .......................... C odin gton.............. C u ster................. .... D avison ............ .. D a y .......................... Delano..................... De S m e t................. D e u e l....................... D ou glas................... Edmunds................. E m m on s................. F a u lk ....................... F orsyth e................. F o s te r ...................... G in gras................... Grand Forks........... G ra n t....................... G regory.................... H a m lin ................... H a n d ........................ H an son.................... H ow ard ................... H u g h e s................... Hutchinson............. H y d e ........................ K id d er..................... K ingsbury............... L a k e ........................ L a M o u re ............... Lawrence ............... L in co ln ................... 70 23 58 25 90 33 4 60 39 74 66 20 34 24 6 84 54 49 92 5o 72 7i 40 45 IO 52 85„ 38 28 42 78 18 W 12 43 83 51 57 75 13 55 86 56 21 59 68 30 53 88 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. Numerical. Wallette. Mountraille. Renville. Botineau. Rolette. Cavilier. Pembina. Stevens. McHenry. De Smet. Ramsey. Grand Forks. Howard. Williams. Mercer. Sheridan. Gingras. Foster. Traill. Burleigh. Kidder. Stutsman. Barnes. Cass. Billings. Stark. Morton. Emmons. Logan. L a Moure. Ransom. Richland. Boreman. Campbell. McPherson. Rusk. Walworth. Edmunds. Brown. Day. Potter. Faulk. Grant. Mandan. Delano. Stanley. Sully. Spink. Clark. INDEX TO COUNTIES. Xll D A K O T A - - C o n tin u e d . Alphabetical. Logan ................... Lugenbeel............. Lym an................... M cCook................. M cH enry ........... M c P h e rs o n .... . M andan................. M eyer .................... M ercer.......... M iner..................... M innehaha............. Moody ................. M o rto n ................. M ountraille.......... P em bin a................. Pennington........... Potter....................... Pratt......................... Presho................... R am sey................... Ransom ................... Renville................... R ichland............... R o le tt e ................... R u s k ........................ Shannon ................. Sherid an................. Spin k........................ Stanley...................... Stark ........................ Stevens ................... Stutsman............... . Sully. ..................... T o d d ........................ T r a ill..................... T n p p ....................... T u rn er..................... U n io n ...................... Wallette................... Walworth................. White R iver........... W illiam s................. Y ankton................... Ziebach................... 29 80 73 76 O 35 44 81 15 67 77 69 27 2 7 6l 41 64 65 II 31 3 32 5 36 79 16 48 46 26 8 22 47 89 19 82 87 93 I 37 63 14 9i 62 50. 51. 52. 53. C4. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. Numerical. Codington. Hamlin. Deuel. Lawrence. Cheyenne. Hughes. Hyde. Hand. Beadle. Kingsbury. Brookings. Pennington. Ziebach. White River. Pratt. Presho. Buffalo. Miner. Lake. Moody. Aurora. Davison. Custer. Lyman. Brule. Hanson. McCook. Minnehaha. Forsythe. Shannon. Lugenbeel. Meyer. Tripp. Gregory. Charles Mix. Douglas. Hutchinson. Turner. Lincoln. Todd. Bonhomme. Yankton. Clay. Union. D ELA W A R E. K en t......................... 2 i. New Castle. Su ssex..................... 3 3. Sussex. F L O R ID A . Alphabetical. Alachua............. ...... Baker....................... Bradford................. B revard................... Calhoun................... C la y .......................... Columbia................. D a d e ....................... Duval........................ E sca m b ia ............... F ra n k lin ................. G a d sd en ................. Hamilton........ ........ H ernando............... H illsbo rou gh ......... H olm es................... Jackson................. Jefferson................. L a Fayette........... L e o n ....................... L e v y ....................... L ib e r t y ................. M ad iso n ............... M an atee............... M a r io n ................. M on roe................. N assau................... O range................... P o lk ....................... P utn am ................. Saint John’s ......... Santa R o s a ......... S u m ter.................. Suw annee. . . . . . . T a y lo r ................... V o lu s ia ................. W akulla................ W alton................... Washington........... 25 13 23 36 l6 24 12 39 15 I J9 7 II 31 34 4 6 9 21 8 28 r7 IO 37 29 38 14 33 35 26 27 2 32 22 20 3° 18 3 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ir . 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. Numerical. Escambia. Santa Rosa. Walton. Holmes. Washington. Jackson. Gadsden. Leon. Jefferson. Madison. Hamilton. Columbia. Baker. Nassau. Duval. Calhoun. Liberty. Wakulla. Franklin. Taylor. L a Fayette. Suwannee. Bradford. Clay. Alachua. Putnam. Saint John’s. Levy. Marion. Volusia. Hernando. Sumter. Orange. Hillsborough. Polk. Brevard. Manatee. Monroe. Dade. G E O R G IA . Alphabetical. A p p ling........... B aker............... B aldw in.......... . . .. 71 Banks................. . . .. 19 1. 2. 3. 4. B e rrie n ........... ...1 2 5 B ib b ................ • • • 7 9 B roo ks............. . ..13 2 B rya n .............. B u llo c k ............. • •• 94 B u rke................ . .. 74 B u tts ................. . . . 6 3 Calhoun............ Camden............. . . .1 3 6 Cam pbell......... . . . 4 6 C arro ll............. Catoosa............. C h arlton ........... •• -135 Chatham ........... Chattahoochee . . . . 8 7 Chattooga......... . . . 1 4 C h erokee.......... . . . 2 4 C la rk e ............. .. .. 34 C la y ................. C la y to n ............. • •• 47 C lin c h ............... .. .134 C o b b ................. . . . 3 1 C o ffe e ............... . . . . i i 5 C olq uitt............ Columbia . . . . ••• 53 Cow eta.............. • • '5 5 Craw ford.......... . . . 7 8 D a d e ................. Dawson............. • •• 17 D ecatur. . . . . . . . . 130 De K a lb ........... • • • 37 D o d g e ............... D o o ly................. • • • 9 9 Dougherty......... . . . 1 1 9 D ouglas............. • • • 4 5 E a rly ................. E ch ols............... •■ - i 37 Effingham......... • • • 9 5 E lb e r t............... . . . 2 8 Em anuel........... • •• 8S Fannin.............. . . . 4 F a y e tte ............. F lo y d ................. F o rsyth ............. . . . 2 5 F ra n k lin ........... F u lto n ............... . . . 3 6 G ilm er............... G lascock........... ■ ■ •65 G ly n n ............... G o rd o n ............. . . . 1 5 Greene............... . . . 5 0 Gwinnett........... • • • 3 3 Habersham . . . . . . . 1 3 H a l l ................... . . . 1 8 H an cock........... . . . 6 4 H aralson........... • • • 3 5 H a rris............... • • • 7 5 H a rt................... H e a r d ............. • • • 5 4 H e n r y ............... • • • 5 7 Houston ........... . . . . 91 Irw in ............... . . . 1 1 4 J ackson............. Jasper ............... . . . 5 8 Jefferson........... ■ • • 7 3 Johnson............. . . . 8 4 Jones................. . . . 7 0 Laurens............. • • • 9 3 L e e ..................... L ib e r ty ............. . . . 105 L in co ln ............. • • • 4 3 L ow ndes........... ••••133 Lum pkin........... M cDuffie.......... . . . 5 2 M cIntosh.......... M acon............... . . . . 90 M a d iso n ........... . . . 2 7 M arion.............. . . . 8 8 M eriw ether.. . . . . . 67 M ille r ............... M ilton............... . . . 3 2 M itchell............ M on roe............. . . . 6 9 M ontgom ery.... . M organ............. • • • 4 9 9 M u rra y ............. . . . M usco gee......... . . . 8 1 N ew ton ............. . . . 4 8 Oconee ............. . . . 40 Oglethorpe . -. . . . 4 1 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 8384. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. Numerical. Dade. Catoosa. Whitfield. Fannin. Towns. Rabun. Walker. Murray. Gilmer. Lumpkin. White. Habersham. Chattooga. Gordon. Pickens. Dawson. Hall. Banks. Franklin. Hart. Floyd. Bartow. Cherokee. Forsyth. Jackson. Madison. Elbert. Polk. Paulding. Cobb. Milton. Gwinnett. Clarke. Haralson. Fulton. De K alb. Rockdale. Walton. Oconee. Oglethorpe. Wilkes. Lincoln. Carroll. Douglas. Campbell. Clayton. Newton. Morgan. Greene. Taliaferro. McDuffie. Columbia. Heard. Coweta. Fayette. Henry. Jasper. Putnam. Warren. Richmond. Spalding. Butts. Hancock. Glascock. Troup. Meriwether. Pike. Monroe. Jones. Baldwin. Washington. Jefferson Burke. Harris. Talbot. Upson. Crawford. Bibb. Wilkinson. Muscogee. Taylor. Twiggs. Johnson. Emanuel. Screven. Chattahoochee. Marion. Schley. Macon. Houston. Pulaski. Laurens. Bullock. Effingham. G E O R G I A - - C o n tin u e d . Alphabetical. P auldin g............... • 3 ° P ick en s................. P ie r c e ................... 127 P ik e ........................ . 68 P o lk ........................ P u la s k i................. . 92 P utnam ................. • 59 Q uitm an ............... R a b u n ................... •• 7 R a n d o lp h ............. Richm ond............. Rockdale............... • 38 S c h le y ................... . 89 Screven ................. . 86 S p a ld in g ............... S te w a rt................. . 96 Sum ter................... . 98 T a lb o t................... T alia ferro ............. • 5 i T a tn a ll............... . T a y lo r.................... . 82 T e lfa ir ................... T e r r e ll................... T h om as................. •131 T ow n s.................... . 6 Troup ................... . 66 T w iggs................... • 83 U n io n .................... • 5 Upson .................. • 77 W alker................... . 8 Walton ................. • 39 W a re ...................... W a rre n ................. W ashington.......... • 72 W ayn e................... W ebster................. • 97 W h ite..................... W hitfield............... • 3 W ilc o x .................. W ilkes................... . 42 W ilkin son. . . . . . . 80 W o r th ................... • i J3 96. 97. 98. 99. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. no. in . 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. Numerical. Stewart. Webster. Sumter. Dooly. Dodge. Telfair. Montgomery. Tatnall. Liberty. Bryan. Chatham. Quitman. Clay. Randolph. Terrell. Lee. Worth. Irwin. Coffee. Appling. McIntosh. Calhoun. Dougherty. Early. Miller. Baker. Mitchell. Colquitt. Berrien. Ware. Pierce. Wayne. Glynn. Decatur. Thomas. Brooks. Lowndes. Clinch. Charlton. Camden. Echols. ID A H O . Alphabetical. A d a ........................ A ltu ras................... Bear L a k e ............. B o ise ..................... C a s s ia ................... Id ah o ..................... K ootenai............... L e m h i................... Nez Perces........... O n e id a .................. O w yhee................. Shoshone............... W ashington.......... . 8 • 9 • !3 • 7 • 4 • • 5 3 . 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Numerical. Kootenai. Shoshone. Nez Perces. Idaho. Lemhi. Washington. Boise. Ada. Alturas. Oneida. Owyhee. Cassia. Bear Lake. IL L IN O IS . Alphabetical. A dam s.................... • A lexan der............. B o n d ..................... • Boone ................... B ro w n ................... • B ureau................... . Calhoun................. Carroll.................... • C a ss........................ • Cham paign........... • Christian............. .. C la rk ...................... . C la y ........................ • C lin to n ................. • C o le s. . . . ........... C o o k ..................... Craw ford.............. • Cum berland------ • De K a lb ............... De W itt .. . . . . . . . . Douglas ............... • Du P ag e............... • E d g a r .................... • E d w a rd s............... • E ffingham ............ • F a y e tte ................. • Ford........................ • Franklin . . . . ----- . Fulton............... ,. . • G allatin ................. • 43 7° 44 18 7 45 49 68 78 76 74 67 42 57 13 58 85 72 7i 39 89 36 95 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Numerical. Jo Daviess. Stephenson. Winnebago. Boone. McHenry. Lake. Carroll. Ogle. Whiteside. Lee. De Kalb. Kane. Du Page. Cook. Kendall. R ock Island. Henry. Bureau. L a Salle. Will. Mercer. Putnam. Grundy. Stark. Marshall. Kankakee. Henderson. Warren. Knox. Peoria. I L L I N O I S - -C o n tin u e d . Alphabetical. G reen e................... G ru n d y ................. Hamilton............... H an cock............... H a r d in .................. H end erson........... H e n r y .................... Iroquois................. Jackson................. Jasper ................... Jefferson............... J e rse y .................... Jo D a v ie s s ........... Johnson................. K a n e ...................... K a n k a k ee............. K e n d a ll................. K n o x ...................... L a k e ....................... L a S a lle................ Lawrence ............. L e e ......................... Livingston............. Logan .................... M cD onough......... M c H e n r y ............. M cLean................. M aco n ................... M acoupin............. M ad iso n ............... M arion.................. M arsh all............... M ason.................... Massac.................... M enard................. M ercer................... M on roe.................. M ontgomery......... M organ................. M o u ltrie............... O g le ....................... P e o r ia ................... P erry............. . . . P ia tt....................... P ik e ........................ P o p e ...................... P u la s k i................. P utn am ................. R a n d o lp h ............. R ichland............... Rock Islan d ......... Saint C la ir . . . . . . Saline..................... Sangamon............. S ch u y ler............... S c o t t ...................... Sh elby.................... S ta r k ...................... Stephenson........... T a zew ell............... U n io n ............... .... Verm illion............. W abash................. W a rr e n ................. Washington........... W ayn e................... W h ite .................... W h iteside............... W ill........................ W illiam son........... W innebago........... W ood ford ............... 31. 23 32. 90 33. 34. 34 35. Q Q 27 36. 37. 17 38. 33 39. 92 40. 73 41. 83 42. 63 I 43. 44. 97 12 45. 26 46. 47. 15 48. 29 6 49. 19 50. 80 51. IO 52. 53. 32 54. 47 55. 35 56. 5 57. 38 58. 55 64 59. 60. 69 61. 77 62. 25 63. 41 102 64. 65. 46 66. 21 67. 81 68. 65 69. 53 70. 56 71. 8 72. 3® 73. 88 74. 48 75. 5i 76. 98 77. roi 78. 22 79. 87 80. 79 16 81. 82. 75 83. 94 84. 54 85. 40 86. 52 87. 66 88. 24 2 89. 90. 37 91. 96 92. 5° 93. 86 28 94. 82 95. 96. 84 97. 9i 98. 9 20 99. 93 100. 3 101. 102. 31 59 Numerical. Woodford. Livingston. Iroquois. Hancock. McDonough Fulton. Tazewell. McLean. Ford. Schuyler. Mason. De Witt. Adams. Brown. Cass. « Menard. Logan. Piatt. Champaign. Vermillion. Pike. Scott. Morgan. Sangamon. Macon. Moultrie. Douglas. Edgar. Greene. Christian. Coles. Calhoun. Jersey. Macoupin. Montgomery. Shelby. Cumberland. Clark. Madison. Bond. Fayette. Effingham. Jasper. Crawford. Saint Clair. Clinton. Marion. Clay. Richland. Lawrence. Monroe. Washington Jefferson. Wayne. Edwards. Wabash. Randolph. Perry. Franklin. Hamilton. White. Jackson. Williamson. Saline. Gallatin. Union. Johnson. Pope. Hardin. Alexander. Pulaski. Massac. IN D IA N A . Alphabetical. A d a m s................... A lle n ..................... Bartholomew . . . . Benton................... B la c k fo rd ............. Boone ................... B ro w n ................... C a rro ll................... C ass........................ C la rk e ................... C la y ....................... C lin to n ................... C raw ford .............. D a v iess................... Dearborn.............. D ecatur................. De K a lb ............... 26 18 62 19 31 40 6l 28 21 86 52 34 84 72 69 63 12 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Numerical. Lake. Porter. L a Porte. Saint Joseph. Elkhart. Lagrange. Steuben. Starke. Marshall. Kosciusko. Noble. De Kalb. Newton. Jasper. Pulaski. Fulton. Whitley. * ✓ INDEX TO COUNTIES. I N D I A N A - - C o n t in u e d . Alphabetical. D elaw are............... • D ubois................... • E lk h a rt.................. • F a y e tte .................. • F lo y d ..................... • Fountain............... • F ra n k lin ............... . F u lto n .................... Gibson................... . G ra n t..................... • G reene................... H a m ilto n ............. H an cock............... H arrison............... H en d ricks............ H e n ry .................... H ow ard ................. H untington.......... J ackson.................. Jasper .................... 37 83 5 57 85 38 64 81 3° 66 41 48 92 46 49 29 24 75 14 J a y .......................... 32 76 Jefferson............... Jennings ................ 67 Johnson................. 54 K n o x ...................... 7 i IO K osciusko............. 6 L agran ge............... I L a k e ...................... L a P o r te ............... 3 L a w re n ce ............. 74 M ad iso n ................. • 3 6 M a rio n .................. 47 M arshall............... 9 M artin................... 73 M ia m i.................... 22 M on roe.................. 60 Montgomery......... 39 Morgan - ............... 53 N ew ton ................... 13 N o b le ....................... II O h io ......................... 70 O ra n g e.................... 78 O w efl........................ 59 P a rk e....................... 44 P e rry ........................ 9 i P ik e.......................... 82 P o rte r...................... 2 Posey........................ 87 Pulaski..................... 15 P utnam ................... 45 R a n d o lp h ............... 42 R ip le y ..................... 68 R u s h ....................... 56 Saint Joseph........... 4 S c o t t ........................ 80 Shelby..................... 55 Spencer................... 90 Starke ...................... 8 Steuben................... 7 S u lliv an ................... 65 Sw itzerland............ 77 T ippecan oe............ 27 T ip to n ..................... 35 U n io n ..................... 58 V an d erb u rgh ......... 88 Verm illion............... 43 V ig o ......................... 5 i W abash................... 23 W a rre n ................... 33 W a rrick ................... 89 Washington............. 79 W ayn e..................... 5° W e lls....................... 25 W h ite....................... 20 W h itley.................... 17 Numerical. 18. Allen. 19. Benton. 20. White. 21. Cass. 22. Miami. 23. Wabash. 24. Huntington. 25. Wells. 26. Adams. 27. Tippecanoe. 28. Carroll. 29. Howard. 30. Grant. 31. Blackford. 32- Jay. 33. Warren. 34. Clinton. 35. Tipton. 36. Madison. 37. Delaware. 38. Fountain. 39. Montgomery. 40. Boone. 41. Hamilton. 42. Randolph. 43. Vermillion. 44. Parke. 45. Putnam. 46. Hendricks. 47. Marion. 48. Hancock. 49. Henry. 50. Wayne. 51. Vigo. 32. Clay. 53. Morgan. 54. Johnson. 55. Shelby. 56. Rush. 57. Fayette. 58. Union. 59. Owen. 60. Monroe. 61. Brown. 62. Bartholomew. 63. Decatur. 64. Franklin. 65. Sullivan. 66. Greene. 67. Jennings. 68. Ripley. 69. Dearborn. 70. Ohio. 71. Knox. 72. Daviess. 73. Martin. 74. Lawrence. 75. Jackson. 76. Jefferson. 77. Switzerland. 78. Orange. 79. Washington. 80. Scott. 81. Gibson. 82. Pike. 83. Dubois. 84. Crawford. 85. Floyd. 86. Clarke. 87. Posey. 88. Vanderburgh. 89. Warrick. 90. Spencer. 91. Perry. 92. Harrison. IOWA. Alphabetical. A d air........................ 71 Adams .................... 81 Allam akee............... 10 Appanoose.............. 96 A udubon................. 58 Benton..................... 51 Black H aw k........... 39 B o o n e ..................... 47 Bremer..................... 28 Buchanan .................. 40 Buena V ista ........... 22 Butler....................... 27 Calhoun...................... 34 C arroll..................... 45 C a ss......................... 70 C ed ar....................... 66 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. xo. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Numerical. Lyon. Osceola. Dickinson. Emmett. Winnebago. Worth. Mitchell. Howard. Winneshiek, Allamakee. Sioux. O ’Brien. Clay. Palo Alto. Kossuth. Hancock. I O W A — C o n tin u e d . Alphabetical. Cerro G ordo......... • 17 Ch erokee.............. C h ickasaw ............ • 19 C la r k e ................... ■ 83 C la y ....................... • 13 C layton ................. • 3 ° C lin to n ................. 55 Crawford............... 44 60 D a lla s................... D avis..................... 97 D ecatur................. 94 41 D elaw are.. . . . . . . Des M oines......... 89 D ickinson............. 3 Dubuque ............... 42 Emmett.................. 4 29 F a y e tte ................. F lo y d ..................... 18 26 F ra n k lin ........... 90 F re m o n t............... G reen e................... 46 G ru n d y ................. 38 G u th rie................. 59 Hamilton............... 36 l6 H an cock............... H ard in .................. 37 H arrison............... 56 H e n r y ................... 88 H oward................. 8 H u m bo ld t............ 24 I d a .......................... 32 Iowa........................ 64 Jackson................. 54 62 Jasper ................... Jefferson............... 87 Johnson ................ 65 Jones..................... 53 K eo k u k ................. 76 K ossuth................. i5 L e e ......................... 99 Linn.......................... 5 2 L ou isa..................... 78 L u c a s..................... 84 L y o n ....................... I M ad iso n ............... 72 M ahaska............... 75 Marion..................... 74 M arsh all................. 49 M ills ........................ 79 M itchell................. 7 M onona................... 43 M on roe................... 85 M ontgom ery.......... 80 M uscatine............... 68 O ’B rien ................... 12 2 O sceola................... R age......................... 9 1 Palo A lto ............... 14 Plymouth................. 20 Pocahontas............. 23 Polk.......................... 6l Pottawatomie.......... 69 Pow eshiek.............. 63 R in ggold ................. 93 S a c ................... . . . . 33 Scott ........................ 67 S h elb y ..................... 57 S io u x........................ I I Story ........................ 48 T am a........................ 5 ° T a y lo r— ................ 92 Union .................... 82 Van Buren.............. 98 W apello................... 86 W a rren ................... 73 Washington............. 77 W ayne...................... 95 W e b s te r................. 35 Winnebago ............ 5 W inneshiek............. 9 W oodbury.............. 31 W orth ...................... 6 W right...................... 23 Numerical. 17. Cerro Gordo. 18. Floyd. 19. Chickasaw. 20. Plymouth. 21. Cherokee. 22. Buena Vista. 23. Pocahontas. 24. Humboldt. 25. Wright. 26. Franklin. 27. Butler. 28. Bremer. 29. Fayette. 30. Clayton. 31. Woodbury. 32. Ida. 33. Sac. 34. Calhoun. 35. Webster. 36. Hamilton. 37. Hardin. 38. Grundy. 39. Black Hawk. 40. Buchanan. 41. Delaware. 42. Dubuque. 43. Monona. 44. Crawford. 45. Carroll. 46. Greene. 47. Boone. 48. Story. 49. Marshall. 50. Tama. 51. Benton. 52. Linn. 53. Jones. 54. Jackson. 55. Clinton. 56. Harrison. 57. Shelby. 58. Audubon. 59. Guthrie. 60. Dallas. 61. Polk. 62. Jasper. 63. Poweshiek. 64. Iowa. 65. Johnson. 66. Cedar. 67. Scott. 68. Muscatine. 69. Pottawatomie 70. Cass. 71. Adair. 72. Madison. 73. Warren. 74. Marion. 75. Mahaska. 76. Keokuk. 77. Washington. 78. Louisa. 79. Mills. 80. Montgomery. 81. Adams. 82. Union. 83. Clarke. 84. Lucas. 85. Monroe. 86. Wapello. 87. Jefferson. 88. Henry. 89. Des Moines. 90. Fremont. 91. Page. 92. Taylor. 93 - Ringgold. 94. Decatur. 95. Wayne. 96. Appanoose. 97. Davis. 98. Van Buren. 99. Lee. KANSAS. Alphabetical. A lle n ........................ A n d e rso n ............... Arrapahoe-----. . . . A tchinson............... Barbour................. Barton...................... Bourbon................... Brown...... ................ Buffalo.................. 75 69 79 26 97 49 76 12 59 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Numerical. Cheyenne. Rawlins. Decatur. Norton. Phillips. Smith. Jewell. Republic. Washington. xm K A N S A S —Continued. Alphabetical. Butler....................... 86 Chase........................ 66 C h au tau qu a...........101 C herokee..................104 C h eyen n e............... 1 C la r k ....................... 95 C la y ......................... 22 Cloud. ..................... 21 Coffey....................... 68 Comanche............... 96 C o w le y .....................ico Craw ford........... 90 D avis........................ 37 D ecatur................... 3 D ickin son............... 36 D o n ip h an ............... 13 D ou glas................... 40 E d w a rd s................. 82 E l k .......................... 87 E llis ......................... 32 E llsw o rth ............... 50 F o o te ....................... 80 F o rd ......................... 81 Franklin................... 54 G o v e ........................ 30 G raham ................... 17 G r a n t...................... 78 G reeley ................... 43 Greenwood............. 73 Hamilton................. 56 H a r p e r ................... 98 H a r v e y .................... 72 Hodgeman.............. 60 Jackso n ......................25 Jefferson................. 27 J e w e ll...................... 7 Johnson................... 42 K an sas..................... 91 K earney................... 57 Kingm an................. 84 L a b e tte ......... . . . . 103 L a n e ........................ 46 Leavenworth........... 28 L in co ln ................... 34 L in n ......................... 7° Lyon ...........................67 M cPherson............. 64 M arion.................... 65 M arsh all................. 10 M e a d e ..................... 94 M iam i...................... 55 M itchell................... 20 M ontgomery............ 102 M o rris..................... 52 N e m a h a ................ 11 N e o sh o .................... 89 N e ss......................... 47 N orton ..................... 4 O sage....................... S3 Osborne................... 19 Ottawa..................... 35 P a w n ee................... 61 P h illip s................... 5 Pottawatom ie.........24 P r a t t ........................ 83 R aw lins................... 2 R e n o ........................ 71 R ep ub lic................. 8 R i c e ......................... 63 R ile y ........................ 23 R o o k s ...................... 18 R u s h ........................ 4S R u s s e ll.................... 33 Saline................... 51 S c o t t ........................ 43 Sedgw ick................. 85 Sequoyah................. 58 Sew ard .................... 93 Shawnee.................. 39 S h erid a n ................. 16 Sherman................... 14 Sm ith....................... 6 Stanton................... 77 Stafford.................... 62 S tev en s................... 92 Su m n er................... 99 T h om as................... 15 T r e g o ....................... 31 W abaunsee............. 38 W allace.................... 29 W ashington............. 9 W ich ita ............. 44 W ilson..................... 88 W oo d so n ................ 74 W yandotte............... 41 Numerical. 10. Marshall. 11. Nemaha. 12. Brown. 13. Doniphan. 14. Sherman. 15. Thomas. 16. Sheridan. 17. Graham. 18. Rooks. 19. Osborne. 20. Mitchell. 21. Cloud. 22. Clay. 23. Riley. 24. Pottawatomie. 25. Jackson. 26. Atchinson. 27. Jefferson. 28. Leavenworth. 29. Wallace. 30. Gove. 31. Trego. 32. Ellis. 33. Russell. 34. Lincoln. 35. Ottawa. 36. Dickinson. 37. Davis. 38. Wabaunsee. 39. Shawnee. 40. Douglas. 41. Wyandotte. 42. Johnson. 43. Greeley. 44. Wichita. 45. Scott. 46. Lane. 47. Ness. 48. Rush. 49. Barton. 50. Ellsworth. 51. Saline. 52. Morris. 53. Osage. 54. Franklin. 53. Miami. 36. Hamilton. 57. Kearney. 58. Sequoyah. 59. Buffalo. 60. Hodgeman. 61. Pawnee. 62. Stafford. (63. Rice. 64. McPherson. 65. Marion. 66. Chase. 67. Lyon. 68. Coffey. 69. Anderson. 70. Linn. 71. Reno. 72. Harvey. 73. Greenwood. 74. Woodson. 75. Allen. 76. Bourbon. 77. Stanton. 78. Grant. 79. Arrapahoe. 80. Foote. 81. Ford. 82. Edwards. 83. Pratt. 84. Kingman. 85. Sedgwick. 86. Butler. 87. E lk. 88. Wilson. 89. Neosho. 90. Crawford. 91. Kansas. 92. Stevens. 93. Seward. 94. Meade. 95. Clark. 96. Comanche. 97. Barbour. 98. Harper. 99. Sumner. 100. Cowley. 101. Chautauqua. 102. Montgomery. 103. Labette. 104. Cherokee. KENTUCKY. Alphabetical. A d a ir........................ 94 A lle n .........................109 A n d erso n ............... 31 Ballard..................... 86 Barren..................... . 92 B a th ......................... 36 B e ll............................116 B o o n e ..................... 1 B o u rb o n ................. 24 B o y d ........................ 27 B o yle........ .............. 55 B racken ................... 7 B re a th itt................. 70 Breckinridge..............42 Bullitt....................... 29 B u tler....................... 76 C a ld w e ll................. 90 Callow ay.................. 103 Cam pbell................. 3 C arroll...................... 9 C a r te r ...................... 26 Casey ...................... 81 Christian.................. 105 C la r k ........................ 34 C la y .......................... 83 C lin to n .....................112 Crittenden............... 73 Cum berland............ h i D aviess...................... 40 Edmonson........... . 77 E lliott....................... 37 E still ...................... 58 F a y e tte ...................... 33 Fleming................... 19 F lo y d ....................... 71 F ra n k lin ................. 23 F ulton.......................101 G a lla tin ................... 4 G a rra rd .................. 56 G ra n t....................... 5 G r a v e s ..................... 102 Grayson................... 64 G reen....................... 79 G re e n u p ................. 20 H an co ck ................. 41 Hardin...................... 53 H arlan ...................... 117 H arrison................. 11 H art......................... 78 H enderson............. 39 H e n ry ................... . 16 H ick m a n ................ 99 H o p k in s................. 74 Jackson................... 68 Jefferson.................... 21 Jessam ine............... 45 Johnson.................. 49 K e n to n ................... 2 K n o x .........................115 L a R u e ................. 65 L a u re l...................... 97 L a w re n ce ............... 38 L e e ........ .................. 59 L e slie ....................... 98 L etch er. . . ........... 85 L ew is....................... 14 L in co ln .................... 67 Livingston.............. 88 Logan........................ 107 L y o n ........................ 89 M cCracken............. 87 M cLean.................... 52 Madison................... 57 M agoffin................. 61 M a r io n ................... 66 M arsh all...................100 M artin...................... 50 M ason...................... 13 M ead e................... 28 M en ifee. . . . ......... 47 Mercer...................... 44 M etca lfe................. 93 M onroe.....................n o M ontgomery........... 35 M organ ................... 48 M uhlenburgh......... 73 N elso n ..................... 43 N ich o la s.....................18 O h io ................ 63 Oldham .................... 15 O w en........................ 10 O w sley..................... 69 Pendleton............... 6 P erry ........................ 84 P ik e.......................... 72 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Numerical. Boone. Kenton. Campbell. Gallatin. Grant. 6. Pendleton. 7. Bracken. 8. Trimble. 9. Carroll. 10. Owen. 11. Harrison. 12. Robertson. 13. Mason. 14. Lewis. 15. Oldham. 16. Henry. 17. Scott. 18. Nicholas. 19. Fleming. 20. Greenup. 21. Jefferson. 22. Shelby. 23. Franklin. 24. Bourbon. 25. Rowan. 26. Carter. 27. Boyd. 28. Meade. 29. Bullitt. 30. Spencer. 31. Anderson. 32. Woodford. 33. Fayette. 34. Clark. 35. Montgomery. 36. Bath. 37. Elliott. 38. Lawrence. 39. Henderson. 40. Daviess. 41. Hancock. 42. Breckinridge. 43. Nelson. 44. Mercer. 45. Jessamine. 46. Powell. 47. Menifee. 48. Morgan. 49. Johnson. 50. Martin. 51. Union. 52. McLean. 33. Hardin. 54. Washington. 55. Boyle. 56. Garrard. 57. Madison. 58. Estill. 59. Lee. 60. Wolfe. 61. Magoffin. 62. Webster. 63. Ohio. 64. Grayson. 65. La Rue. 66. Marion. 67. Lincoln. 68. Jackson. 69. Owsley. 70. Breathitt. 71. Floyd. 72. Pike. 73. Crittenden. 74. Hopkins. 75. Muhlenburgh. 76. Butler. 77. Edmonson. 78. Hart. 79. Green. 80. Taylor. 81. Casey. 82. Rockcastle. 83. Clay. 84. Perry. 83. Letcher. 86. Ballard. 87. M cCracken. 88. Livingston. 89. Lyon. 90. Caldwell. 91. Warren. 92. Barren. 93. Metcalfe. 94. Adair. 95. Russell. INDEX TO COUNTIES. XIV K E N T U C K Y -C o n t in u e d . Alphabetical. P o w ell..................... Pulaski ................. Robertson............... R o ck ca stle ............. Row an..................... R u ssell.................... S c o t t ........................ S h elb y................... S im p so n ................. Spencer................... T a y lo r ..................... T o d d ....................... 46 96 12 82 25 95 17 22 ro8 3° 80 ro6 T rig g ........................ 104 T rim ble................... 8 U nion....................... 5 i W a rre n ................... 9 1 W ash in g to n ........... 54 Wayne ................... 113 W ebster................... 62 W h itley................... 114 W o lfe ..................... 60 W ood ford ............... 32 Numerical. Pulaski. Laurel. Leslie. Hickman. Marshall. Fulton. Graves. Calloway. Trigg. Christian. Todd. Logan. Simpson. Allen. Monroe. Cumberland. Clinton. Wayne. Whitley. Knox. Bell. Harlan. 96. 97. 98. 99. roo. ror. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. no. r r i. rr2. rt3 . ri4 . 115. rr6. 117. L O U IS IA N A . Alphabetical. A scension............... 44 Assum ption............ 49 A v o y e lle s ............... 28 B ien ville................. 13 2 Bossier..................... I C a d d o ................... C alcasieu ................ 34 C a ld w e ll............... 15 Cam eron................. 46 24 Catahoula............. Claiborne 4 Concordia............. 25 18 De S oto................. East Baton Rouge 38 East C arro ll........... 8 East F e lic ia n a ... 3° l6 F ra n k lin ............... G ra n t..................... 23 Ib eria..................... 48 Ib e rv ille ............... 43 Jackson................. 14 Jefferson............... 55 L a Fayette........... 41 L a Fourche........... 54 L in co ln ................. 9 Livingston.. . — 39 12 M a d iso n ............... 6 M orehouse........... Natchitoches......... 22 O rleans................. S2 IO O uachita............... Plaquem ines......... 5 6 Pointe C o u p ee. . . 36 R ap id es................. 27 R ed R iv er............. 19 II R ichlan d ............... 21 S ab in e................... Saint B ern a rd .. . . 57 Saint C harles----- 5 i Saint H elen a---31 Saint Jam es......... 5 ° Saint John Baptist. 45 Saint L an d ry. . . . • 35 Saint Martin’s — . 42 Saint M ary’s ......... • 53 Saint Tam many. . . 40 Tangipahoa . . . . ' . • 32 T e n s a s .................. ■ i7 Terre B o n n e---- - • 58 U n io n ................... • 5 V erm illio n ........... • 47 V e r n o n ................. W ashington.......... • 33 W ebster................ - 3 West Baton Rouge. 37 West Carroll......... • 7 West F elician a. . . . 29 W in n ..................... Numerical. r. Caddo. 2. Bossier. 3. Webster. 4. Claiborne. 5. Union. 6. Morehouse. 7. West Carroll. 8. East Carroll. 9. Lincoln. ro. Ouachita. rr. Richland.r2. Madison. 13. Bienville. T4. Jackson. 15. Caldwell. r6. Franklin. 17. Tensas. 18. De Soto. r9- R ed River. 20. Winn. 2r. Sabine. 22. Natchitoches. 23. Grant. 24. Catahoula. 25. Concordia. 26. Vernon. 27. Rapides. 28. Avoyelles. 29. West Feliciana. 30. East Feliciana. 3r. Saint Helena. 32. Tangipahoa. 33. Washington. 34. Calcasieu. 35. Saint Landry. 36. Pointe Coupee. 37. West Baton Rouge. 38. East Baton Rouge. 39. Livingston. 40. Saint Tammany. 4r. L a Fayette. 42. Saint Martin’s. 43. Iberville. 44. Ascension. 45. Saint John Baptist. 46. Cameron. 47. Vermillion. 48. Iberia. 49. Assumption. 50. Saint James. 5r. Saint Charles. 52. Orleans. 53. Saint M ary’s. 54. L a Fourche. 55. Jefferson. 56. Plaquemines. 57. Saint Bernard. 58. Terre Bonne. M A IN E . Alphabetical. Androscoggin. . . . A roostook............. Cumberland . . . . F ra n k lin ............... H an cock............. K en n eb e c........... K n o x .................... L in c o ln ............. .. . 8 • 3 . II • 9 ■ i5 • 14 r. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Numerical. Aroostook. Piscataquis. Franklin. Somerset. Penobscot. Washington. Oxford. Androscoggin. M AINE—Continued. Alphabetical. O xford................... Penobscot............. Piscataquis........... Sagadahoc............. Som erset............... W a ld o ................... W ash ington......... Y o r k ..................... 7 5 2 13 4 ro 6 16 9. ro. it. 12. r3. rq. T5. 16. Numerical. Kennebec, Waldo, H ancock. Cumberland. Sagadahoc, Lincoln. K nox. York. MARYLAND. Alphabetical. A llegh a n y............... 2 Anne Arundel........ 13 B a ltim o re............... 6 Calvert..................... 19 Caroline................... 16 C a rro ll..................... 5 C e c i l ........................ 8 C h a rle s................... r 7 D o rcester............... 20 F re d e rick ............... 4 Garrett..................... 1 H arford ................... 7 H ow ard ................... 10 K e n t ........................ i r M ontgom ery.......... 9 Prince George’s . . . 12 Queen A nn e........... r4 Saint M ary’s ........... r8 Som erset................. 22 T a lb o t.........................15 W ash in gto n ........... 3 Wicomico ................ 21 W orcester.............. 23 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Numerical. Garrett. Alleghany. Washington. Frederick. Carroll. Baltimore. Harford. 8. Cecil. 9. 10. ir. r2. 13. 14. Montgomery. Howard. Kent. Prince George. Anne Arundel. Queen Anne. 15. Talbot. 16. 17. r8. 19. 20. 2 r. 22. 23. Caroline. Charles. Saint M ary’s. Calvert. Dorcester. Wicomico. Somerset. Worcester. MASSACHUSETTS. Alphabetical. Barnstable............ Berkshire............... B ristol................... D u k e s ................... E sse x .............. ...... F ra n k lin ............... H am pden............. H am pshire........... M iddlesex............ N an tucket............ N o rfo lk ............... Plymouth............. Suffolk................. W orcester.. . . . . Numerical. r2 4 10 13 3 1 8 1 Franklin. . 2 Middlesex. . 3 4* 5 6 . 7 * 8 . 5 2 14 9 rr 9 ro. ir. 12. 7 6 1314. Essex. Berkshire. Hampshire. Worcester. Suffolk. Hampden. Norfolk. Bristol. Plymouth. Barnstable. Dukes. Nantucket. M IC H I G A N . Alphabetical. A lcona................... A lle g a n ................. A lp en a........ .......... Antrim ................... . 18 Baraga................... • 5 B arry............. .. B a y ........................ ■ 39 B en zie................... B e rrie n ................. • 73 Branch................... • 76 C a lh o u n ............... . 69 C ass. ...................... • 74 Charlevoix............. ■ 14 Cheboygan ........... • i 5 C h ip p ew a............. . 8 Clare ..................... ■ 37 C lin to n ................. ■ 55 C raw ford .............. • 25 D e lta ..................... E a to n ..................... Em m ett................. • 13 G en esee................ • 57 G la d w in ............... • 38 Grand T ra v e rse .. • 23 G r a tio t................. • 49 H illsdale............... • 77 H oughton............. •• 4 H u ro n ................... • 45 Ingham ................. ■ 63 Io n ia ..................... • 54 Iosco ..................... • 33 Isabella................. 43 Isle R o yale........... Jackson................. ,. 70 K alam azoo........... . 68 K alkaska.............. .. 24 K e n t ..................... ■ 47 Keweenaw............. r. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. ro. rr. r2. r3. 14. r5. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 3T. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. Numerical. Isle Royal. Keweenaw. Ontonagon. Houghton. Baraga. Marquette. Schoolcraft. Chippewa. Menominee, Delta. Mackinaw. Manitou. Emmett. Charlevoix. Cheboygan. Presque Isle. Leelenaw. Antrim. Otsego. Montmorency. Alpena. Benzie. Grand Traverse. Kalkaska. Crawford. Oscoda. Alcona. Manistee. W exford. Missaukee. Roscommon. Ogemaw. Iosco. Mason. Lake. Osceola. Clare. Gladwin. M ICHIGAN—Continued. Alphabetical. L a k e ........................ L apeer...................... Leelenaw ................ Lenawee ................. Livingston............... M a ck in a c............... M aco m b ............... M anistee............... Manitou .................. M arquette............... M ason...................... M ecosta................... M enom inee.......... M id la n d ................. Missaukee............... M onroe.................... M ontcalm ............... Montmorency. . . . Muskegon ............. Newaygo ............. Oakland................. O c e a n a ................. O gem aw ............... O nton agon........... O sceola................. Oscoda ................. O tsego................... O ttaw a................... Presque Is le ......... Roscom m on......... Saginaw ................ Saint C lair........... Saint Joseph......... S a n ila c ................. Schoolcraft. . . . . . Shiaw assee........... T u scola................. Van Buren........... W ashtenaw........... W ayne................... Wexford . . . . . . . . 35 39. 58 40. 17 41. 78 42. 64 43. II 44. 66 45. 28 46. 12 47. 6 48. 34 49. 42 50. 9 5r. 44 52. 30 53. 79 54. 48 55. 20 56. 46 57. 58. 41 65 59. 40 60. 32 6r. 3 62. 36 63. 26 64. 19 65. 53 66. 16 67. 68. 31 5< 69. = 59 70. 71. 75 52 72. 7 73. 5 6 74. 75. 5i 67 76. 77. 71 72 78. 29 79. Numerical. Bay. Oceana. Newaygo. Mecasta. Isabella. Midland. Huron. Muskegon. Kent. Montcalm. Gratiot. Saginaw. Tuscola. Sanilac. Ottawa. Ionia. Clinton. Shiawassee. Genesee. Lapeer. Saint Clair. Allegai Barry. Eaton. Ingham. Livingston. Oakland. Macomb. Van Buren. Kalamazoo. Calhoun. Jackson. Washtenaw. Wayne. Berrien. Cass. Saint Joseph. Branch. Hillsdale. Lenawee. Monroe. M INNESOTA. Alphabetical. A it k in ................... 15 A n o k a .................... 35 IO B ecker......... . . . . B eltra m i............... 4 Benton................... 26 Big Stone............. 29 Blue E arth ........... 64 B ro w n ................... 59 C a rlto n ................. . l6 C a rv er................... • 47 14 C ass........................ C h ip p ew a ............. • 38 Chisago ................ 28 C la y ........................ • 9 C o o k ..................... . 8 C otto n w oo d ......... 62 Crow W in g........... • i 7 Dakota................... • 5° D o d g e.................... • 67 D ouglass............... Faribault............... • 74 F illm o re ......... ■ . • 77 Freeborn............... • 75 Goodhue............... • 57 G ra n t..................... H enn epin............. . 42 H o u sto n ............... . 78 Isan ti..................... Itasca............... .. • 5 Jackson................. • 72 K a n a b e e ............... • 25 K andiyohi............. • 39 K itts o n .................. Lac-qui-parle---- • 37 Lake........................ Le Sueur............... • 55 L in co ln ................. • 5 i L y o n ..................... • S2 M c L e o d ............... . 46 M arsh all----------M artin................... • 73 M e e k e r................. . 40 Mille L a c s ............ . r8 M orrison............... • 25 M ower................. . 76 Murray . . . . . . . N ico llet............... N obles................. • 7 i O lm sted.............. . 68 Otter T a il........... Numerical. r. Kittson. 2. Marshall. 3. Polk. 4. Beltrami. 5. Itasca. 6. Saint Louis. 7. Lake. 8. Cook. 9. Clay. ro. Becker. rr. Wilkin. r2. Otter Tail. r3. Wadena. r4- Cass. 15. Aitkin. r6. Carlton. 17. Crow Wing. r8. M ille Lacs. 19. Pine. 20. Travers. 2r. Grant. 22. Douglas. 23. Todd. 24. Morrison. 25. Kanabee. 26. Benton. 27. Isanti. 28. Chisago. 29. B ig Stone. 30. Stevens. 3r. Pope. 32. Stearns. 33. Sherburne. 34. Swift. 35. Anoka. 36. Washington. 37. Lac-qui-parle. 38. Chippewa. 39. Kandiyohi. 40. Meeker. 4r. Wright. 42. Hennepin. 43. Ramsey. 44. Yellow Medicine. 45. Renville. 46. M cLeod. 47. Carver. 48. Sibley. 49. Scott. 50. Dakota. M I N N E S O T A —Continued. Alphabetical. P in e.......................... r9 Pipe Stone............. 60 P o lk ......................... 3 P o p e ........................ 31 R am sey.................... 43 Redwood.................... 53 R en ville................... 45 R ic e ......................... 56 R o c k ........................ 70 Saint L ou is............. 6 S c o t t ........................ 49 Sherburne............... 33 Sibley ...................... 48 S tea rn s.................... 32 S teele....................... 66 S tev en s.................... 30 S w if t ........................ 34 T o d d ........................ 23 T ra v e rse .................. 20 W abashaw............... 58 W adena................... r3 W a se ca .................... f 5 Washington............. 36 W atonw an............... 63 W ilk in ---- . . . . . . . rr W inona.................... 69 W rig h t..................... 4r Yellow M edicin e.. 44 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 6r. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 7r. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. Numerical. Lincoln. Lyon. Redwood. Nicollet. L e Sueur. Rice. Goodhue. Wabashaw. Brown. Pipe Stone. Murray. Cottonwood. Watonwan. Blue Earth. Waseca. Steele. Dodge. Olmsted. Winona. Rock. Nobles. Jackson. Martin. Faribault. Freeborn. Mower. Fillmore. Houston. M ISSISSIPPI. Numerical. Alphabetical. r. De Soto. A dam s...................... 59 2. Marshall. A lco rn ................... 5 3. Benton. A m it e ..................... 67 4. Tippah. A tta lla ................... 37 5. Alcorn. Benton.................... 3 6. Tishomingo. Bolivar.................... t8 7. Tunica. 21 Calhoun................. 8. Tate. C a rro ll................... 3 ° 9. Union. 22 Chickasaw ............ 10. Prentiss. C h o cta w ............... 32 11. Coahoma. C la ib o rn e............... 52 12. Quitman. C lark e.................... 57 13. Panola. 26 C la y ................. . . II 14. L a Fayette. C oahom a---- . . . . 15. Pontotoc. C o p iah ................... 53 16. Lee. C ovington. . . . . . . 63 17. Itawamba. I De S o to ................. 60 18. Bolivar. F ra n k lin ............... G reene................... 7 1 r9- Tallahatchee 24 20. Tallabusha. Grenada ............... H a n co ck ............... 72 21. Calhoun. Harrison ........... 73 22. Chickasaw. H in d s ................... 47 23. Monroe. H olm es................. 36 24. Grenada. Issaqu ena............. 40 25. Sumner. Itaw am b a............. 1 7 26. Clay. J a ck so n ................ 74 27. Washington. Jasper.................... 5 6 28. Sun Flower. Jefferson............... • 58 29. Le Flore. Jones..................... 64 30. Carroll. 31. Montgomery K em p er................ • 45 L a F ayette........ .. 14 32. Choctaw. 33. Oktibbeha. L auerdale............. 5 i Lawrence ............. 62 34. Lowndes. Leake..................... • 43 35. Sharkey, 36. Holmes. L e e ........... . . L e F lo re............... • 29 37. Attala. 38. Winston. Lincoln ................. . 6 l L ow nd es............... • 34 39. Noxubee. 40. Issaquena. M a d iso n ............... 4r. Yazoo. Marion ................. 42. Madison. M arsh all............... M on roe............... .. • 23 43. Leake. 44. Neshoba. Montgomery ... • 3 i N e sh o b a ............... • 44 45. Kemper. 46. Warren. Newton ...... N o x u b ee ...... • 39 47. Hinds. O ktibbeha ..... • 33 48. Rankin. P a n o la ........ • 13 49. Scott. P erry ...................... • 70 50. Newton. P ik e ......... . 68 51. Lauerdale. P ontotoc............... • i 5 52. Claiborne. 53. Copiah. Prentiss ....... 54. Simpson. Q u itm an ...... R a n k in ....... . 48 55. Smith. S c o t t ..................... ■ 49 56. Jasper. Sharkey................. • 35 57. Clarke. S im p son ............... ■ 54 58. Jefferson. Smith...................... • 55 59. Adams. Sum ner............... • 25 60. Franklin. Sun F low er......... . 28 61. Lincoln. 62. Lawrence. Tallahatchee......... INDEX TO COUNTIES. M ISSISSIPPI—Continued. Alphabetical. T a te ....................... T ip p a h ............... . T ish o m in g o ........ T u n ica.................. U n io n ................... W a rre n ................. Washington.......... W ayn e................... W ilkinson............. Winston............. Y aliab u sh a........... Y a z o o ................... 8 4 6 7 9 46 65 66 38 20 41 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. Numerical. Covington. Jones. Wayne. Wilkinson. Amite. Pike. Marion. Perry. Greene. Hancock. Harrison. Jackson. M ISSOURI. Alphabetical. A d a ir ..................... A n d rew . . . . . ---Atchison ............. . I Audrain................. . 42 B a rry ..................... • 103 B a rto n ................... • 83 B a te s..................... Benton................. . 54 Bollinger............. ... 92 Boone .................... . 41 Buchanan ............. B u t le r ................... C a ld w e ll............... • 23 C allaw ay............... .. 49 Camden................. . 63 Cape Girardeau.. • 93 C a rro ll................... • 3 1 C a r te r ................... . 98 C a ss........................ • 45 C ed a r..................... 75 C h a rito n ............... • 32 Christian............... . 96 C la rk e ................... • 9 C lay ........................ • 29 C lin to n ................. C o le ....................... • 57 Cooper.................. . 48 Craw ford.............. • 7 i D a d e ..................... . 84 D a lla s ................... • 77 D aviess................. • i 3 De K a lb ............... • 19 D e n t ...................... • 79 D ouglas................. • 97 Dunklin................. •113 F ra n k lin ............... G ascon ad e........... • 59 Gentry................... Greene................... • 85 G ru n d y................. • 14 Harrison ............. • 4 H e n r y ................... • 53 H ickory................. . 68 H o lt....................... H ow ard ................. . 40 H owell................... Ir o n ........................ Jackson................. • 37 Jasper ................... . 94 Jefferson............... . 66 Johnson................. . 46 K n o x ..................... • 17 L acled e................. . 78 L a Fayette........... • 38 Lawrence ............. • 95 L ew is..................... . 18 L in co ln ................. • 44 L in n ....................... Livingston............. • 24 M cD onald............ M aco n ................... • 25 M ad iso n ............... . 81 M aries................... • 65 M a rio n ................. • 27 M ercer................... • 5 M ille r ................... . 64 M ississippi........... Moniteau............... • 56 M onroe................. • 34 M ontgom ery........ •' 43 M organ................. ■ 55 New M adrid......... N ew ton................. Nodaway............... O re g o n ................. Osage..................... • 58 O z a r k ................... Pem iscot............... .114 P erry...................... Numerical. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Atchison. Nodaway. Worth. Harrison. Mercer. Putnam. Schuylen Scotland. Clarke. Holt. Andrew. Gentry. Daviess. Grundy. 15. Sullivan. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50; 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. Adair. Knox. Lewis. De Kalb. Linn. Buchanan. Clinton. Caldwell. Livingston. Macon. Shelby. Marion. Platte. Clay. Ray. Carroll. Chariton. Randolph. Monroe. Ralls. Pike. Jackson. L a Fafayette. Saline. Howard. Boone. Audrain. Montgomery. Lincoln. Cass. Johnson. Pettis. Cooper. Callaway. Warren. Saint Charles. Saint Louis. Henry. Benton. Morgan. Moniteau. Cole. Osage. Gasconade. Franklin. Bates. Saint Clair. Camden. M iller. Maries. Jefferson. Vernon. Hickory. Pulaski. Phelps. Crawford. Washington. Saint Francois. Saint Genevieve. Cedar. Polk. Dallas. Laclede. Dent. MISSOURI —Continued. Alphabetical. P ettis..................... P h elp s................... P ik e ....................... P la tte .................... P o lk ........................ P u la s k i................. Putnam ........... R a lls ..................... R a n d o lp h ............. R a y ........................ R eynolds.............. R ip le y ................... Saint C harles. . . . Saint C la ir........... Saint Francois. . . Saint G en eviev e.. Saint L o u is. . . . . . S a lin e ................... S ch u y ler............... S co tlan d ............... S c o t t ..................... Shannon . . . . . . Shelby................... Stoddard............... Stone..................... Sullivan................. Taney ................... T e x a s ................... V e r n o n ................. W a rren ................. W ash ington......... W ayne................... W ebster.......... . . . W o rth ......... . . . W righ t.................. 47 70 36 28 • 76 69 6 35 33 30 90 IO9 5i 62 73 74 52 39 7 8 IOO 89 26 99 104 i5 I0 5 88 67 5° 7.2 91 86 3 87 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. io t » 108. 109. no. in . 112. 113. 114. Numerical. Iron. Madison. Perry. Barton. Dade. Greene. Webster. Wright. Texas. Shannon. Reynolds. Wayne. Bollinger. Cape Girardeau. Jasper. Lawrence. Christian. Douglas. Carter. Stoddard. Scott. Newton. McDonald. Barry. Stone. Taney. Ozark. Howell. Oregon. Ripley. Butler. New Madrid. Mississippi. Dunklin. Pemiscot. M O N TAN A. Alphabetical. 8 Beaver H ead . . . . 2 Choteau................ C u ste r................... II Dawson................. 3 Deer L o d ge......... 4 G a lla tin ................. IO Jefferson............... 7 Lewis and Clarke. 5 M ad iso n ...... .......... 9 6 M eag h er............... I M issoula................. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Numerical. Missoula. Choteau. Dawson. Deer Lodge. Lewis and Clarke. Meagher. Jefferson. Beaver Head. Madison. Gallatin. Custer. N E B R A SK A . Alphabetical. A d am s..................... A ntelope.................. B oone...................... Buffalo............... ...... B u rt.......................... B u tle r ..................... C ass.......................... Cedar........................ Chase........................ Cheyenne ............... Clay.......................... C o lfa x ..................... Cum ing................... C u ster..................... D a k o ta ................... Dawson.................... D ix o n ...................... D o d ge...................... Douglas................... Dundy...................... F illm o re ...................... F ra n k lin ........ .......... Frontier................... Furnas..................... G a g e ........................ Gosper..................... G reeley.................... H a ll ................................ H a m ilto n ................... Harlan ........................... H a y e s ........................... H itchcock ................... H olt ................................ H oward ........................ Jefferson ...................... Johnson. ... ................ K e a r n e y ................. K e i t h ...................... K n o x ....................... L an caster............... L in co ln ................... M a d iso n ................. M errick................... 49 8 19 36 i5 3i 42 5 43 2 5° 21 14 l6 7 35 6 22 33 56 51 6l 45 59 66 46 18 37 38 60 44 57 3 27 65 54 48 24 4 4i 25 12 29 i. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. Numerical. Sioux. Cheyenne. Holt. Knox. Cedar. Dixon. Dakota. Antelope. Pierce. Wayne. Wheeler. Madison. Stanton. Cuming. Burt. Custer. Valley. Greeley. Boone. Platte. Colfax. Dodge. Washington. Keith. Lincoln. Sherman. Howard. Nance. Merrick. Polk. Butler. Saunders. Douglas. Sarpy. Dawson. Buffalo. Hall. Hamilton. York. Seward. Lancaster. Cass. Chase. xv N E B R A S K A —Continued. Alphabetical. N a n c e ................. . Nemaha............... • N u cko lls............. • Otoe........................ • P aw n ee................. • P help s................... • Pierce . . . . . . . . . . • Platte..................... P o lk ........................ • Red W illo w ......... • Richardson........... . Saline..................... Sarpy...................... • Saunders............... • S e w a rd ................. . Sherm an............... S io u x..................... Stanton............. . . . Thayer ................. . V a lle y .............i .. • Washington........... • W ayne................... W ebster................. W h eeler................ Y ork ...................... • 28 55 63 53 67 47 9 3° 58 68 34 32 40 13 64 17 23 93 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. Numerical. Hayes. Frontier. Gosper. Phelps. Kearney. Adams. Clay. Fillmore. Saline. Otoe. Johnson. Nemaha. Dundy. Hitchcock. Red Willow. Furnas. Harlan. Franklin. Webster. Nuckolls. Thayer. Jefferson. Gage. Pawnee. Richardson. N EV AD A. Alphabetical. Churchill............... • 7 Douglas................. E lko........................ • 3 Esmeralda............. • i 3 E u r e k a ................. H um boldt............. Lander................... . 8 L in co ln ................. • i 5 L y o n ..................... . 6 N y e ............. .......... ■ 14 Ormsby . . . ' . ......... R o o p ...................... Sto rey.................... • 5 W ashoe.................. • 4 White P in e ........... N EW N EW • 19 . 6 • 17 21 . 20 • 5 • 15 . IO • . M o r a ..................... Rio A rrib a........... San M iguel.......... Santa F e ............... S o c o rro ................ T a os....................... V a le n c ia ............... 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Numerical. Coos. Grafton. Carroll. Balknap. Sullivan. Merrimack. Strafford. Cheshire. Hillsborough. Rockingham. JE R SE Y. 7 II 12 • 13 4 • 14 2 . 18 8 I 9 3 NEW Alphabetical. B ern a lillo ................ C o lfa x ......................... Dona A n a ................ G ra n t .......................... Numerical. Roop. Humboldt. Elko. Washoe. Storey. Lyon. Churchill. Lander. Eureka. White Pine. Ormsby. Douglas. Esmeralda. Nye. Lincoln. H A M P S H IR E . Alphabetical. Balknap.................. C a rro ll................... • 3 C h esh ire............... . 8 Coos........................ G rafton ................. Hillsborough . . . . • 9 M errim ack........... . 6 Rockingham ......... . IO Strafford . . . . . . . . • 7 Sullivan.................. • 5 Alphabetical. A tlantic.......... Bergen................... Burlington............. Camden................. Cape M ay ............. Cum berland......... E ssex..................... Gloucester............. H udson................. H unterdon........... Mercer................... M iddlesex............. M onm outh........... M orris ........................ Ocean ................... Passaic................... Salem..................... Som erset............... Sussex ................... U n io n .................... W a rre n ...................... 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. Numerical. Sussex. Passaic. Warren. Morris. Essex. Bergen. Hunterdon. Somerset. Union. Hudson. Mercer. Middlesex. Monmouth. Ocean. Gloucester. Camden. Burlington. Salem. Atlantic. Cumberland. Cape M ay. MEXICO. 5 2 12 11 4 3 7 6 9 I 8 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Numerical. Taos. Colfax. Rio Arriba. Mora. Bernalillo. Santa Fe. San Miguel. Valencia. Socorro. Lincoln. Grant. Dona Ana. N E W YORK. Alphabetical. A lb a n y .................... 35 A llegh any.................. 43 B ro o m e......................47 Cattaraugus............. 42 C a y u g a .................... ?3 Chautauqua............. 41 Chemung................. 45 C h en an go ............... 32 C lin to n .................... 3 Columbia................. 40 Cortland................... 31 Delaware......... a. . . 48 Dutchess................. 51 E rie .......................... 27 E s se x ....................... 6 F ra n k lin ................. 2 F u lt o n ................... 17 Genesee................... 20 G reen e........................39 H am ilton................ 10 H erk im er............... 9 Jefferson................. 4 K ings........................ 58 L e w is....................... 5 L iv in g sto n ............. 29 M ad iso n ......... ... . 24 M onroe.......................14 M ontgom ery.......... 25 New Y o r k ............... 56 N iagara................... 12 O neida..................... 8 O nondaga............... 16 O n ta rio ................... 21 Orange...................... 52 O rlea n s................... 13 O sw ego .................... 7 O tsego...................... 33 Putnam .................... 53 Q u e e n s................... 59 Rensselaer.................. 36 Richmond............... 57 R o c k la n d .................. 54 Saint Law rence. . . 1 S a r a t o g a .............. 18 Schenectady........... 26 Sch oh arie............... 34 S ch u y ler................. 37 S en eca ..................... 22 Steuben................... 44 Suffolk................ 60 Su llivan................... 49 Tioga ..................... 46 Tom p kins............... 38 U ls te r ................... 50 W a rre n .......................n Washington............. 19 W ayne...................... 15 Westchester........ .... 55 W yoming................. 28 Y a te s ...................... 30 NORTH 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. Numerical. Saint Lawrence. Franklin. Clinton. Jefferson. Lewis. Essex. Oswego. Oneida. Herkimer. Hamilton. Warren. Niagara. Orleans. Monroe. Wayne. Onondaga. Fulton. Saratoga. Washington. Genesee. Ontario. Seneca. Cayuga. Madison. Montgomery. Schenectady. Erie. Wyoming. Livingston. Yates. Cortland. Chenango. Otsego. Schoharie. Albany. Rensselaer. Schuyler. Tompkins. Greene. Columbia. Chautauqua. Cattaraugus. Alleghany. Steuben. Chemung. Tioga. Broome. Delaware. Sullivan. Ulster. Dutchess. Orange. Putnam. Rockland. Westchester. New York. Richmond. Kings. Queens. Suffolk. C A R OL IN A . Alphabetical. A lam an ce............... 20 A lexander............... 31 A llegh any............... 2 A n s o n ...................... 85 Ashe ........................ 1 B ea u fo rt.................... 53 Bertie....................... 24 Bladen...................... 90 Brunswick............... 93 Buncombe.................. 43 Burke........................ 45 Cabarrus............... 58 Caldwell ............... 30 Cam den.................... 13 C arteret................... 89 C a sw e ll.................... 6 C a ta w b a ................. 46 Chatham .................... 49 C h erokee................. 66 Chowan.................... 25 C la y .......................... 67 C lev e la n d ........... 74 C olu m bu s........... 92 C raven ..................... 82 Cum berland........... 77 C u rritu c k ............... 14 D a r e ........................ 41 Davidson................. 34 D a v ie....................... 33 D u p lin ..................... 79 Edgecom be............. 37 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Numerical. Ashe. Alleghany. Surry. Stokes. Rockingham. Caswell. PeAon. Granville. Warren. Northampton. Hertford. Gates. Camden. Currituck. Watauga. Walker. Yadkin. Forsyth. Guilford. Alamance. Orange. Franklin. Halifax. Bertie. Chowan. Perquimans. Pasquotank. Yancy. Mitchell. Caldwell. Alexander. INDEX TO COUNTIES. XVI NORTH C A R O L I N A —Continued. _____ I Numerical. A lphabetical. F orsyth ................... 18 32. Iredell. F ra n k lin .................. 22 33. Davie. Gaston ................... 75 34. Davidson. G ates........................ 12 35. Wake. Graham ................... 65 36. Nash. Granville ............... 8 37. Edgecombe. Greene..................... 64 38. Martin. G u ilfo rd ................. 19 39. Washington. H a lifa x .................... 23 40. Tyrrell. H arnett................... 62 41. Dare. H a y w o o d .................. 56 42. Madison. H enderson................71 43. Buncombe. H e rtfo rd ................. 11 44. M cDowell. H y d e ....................... 54 45. Burke. Iredell..................... 32 46. Catawba. Jackson................... 69 47. Rowan. Johnston................. 50 48. Randolph. Jones........................ 81 49. Chatham. Lenoir...................... 80 50. Johnston. L in co ln ................... 57 51. Wilson. M cD o w ell.............. 44 52. Pitt. M acon..................... 68 53. Beaufort. M ad iso n ........... 42 54. H yde. M artin...................... 38 55. Swain. 56. Haywood. Mecklenburgh........ 76 Mitchell................... 29 57. Lincoln. Montgomery........... 60 58. Cabarrus. M oore...................... 6r 59. Stanly. N a s h ........................ 36 60. Montgomery. New Hanover......... 94 61. Moore. Northampton.......... 10 62. Harnett. Onslow..................... 88 63. Wayne. Orange................... 21 64. Greene. Pam lico.................... 83 65. Graham. Pasquotank............. 27 66. Cherokee. Pender......... ......... 91 67. Clay. Perquimans............. 26 68. Macon. Person.................... 7 69. Jackson. Pitt............................ 52 70. Transylvania. P o lk .................. 72 71. Henderson. R an d o lp h ............... 48 72. Polk. R ic h m o n d ............. 86 73. Rutherford. R o b e s o n ............... 87 74. Cleveland. Rockingham ........... 5 75. Gaston. Row an...................... 47 76. Mecklenburgh. Rutherford.............. 73 77. Cumberland. Sampson................... 78 78. Sampson. S ta n ly ...................... 59 79. Duplin. Stokes....................... 4 80. Lenoir. S u rry ........................ 3 8r. Jones. Swain........................ 55 82. Craven. Transylvania........... 70 83. Pamlico. Tyrrell...................... 40 84. Union. U nion....................... 84 85. Anson. W a k e ........................ 35 86. Richmond. Warren..................... 9 87. Robeson. Washington............. 39 88. Onslow. W atau ga.................... 15 89. Carteret. Wayne...................... 63 90. Bladen. W ilk es...................... 16 91. Pender. W ilson...................... 51 92. Columbus. Y ad kin ..................... 17 93. Brunswick. Y an cy....................... 28 94. New Hanover. O HIO—Conti n u e d . Alphabetical. Greene................... Guernsey............... Hamilton............... H an cock............... Hardin................... Harrison................ Henry..................... H ighland............... H ocking................. H olm es................. H uron.................... Jackson................. Jefferson. . . . . . . . K n o x ..................... Lake....................... Lawrence................. L ic k in g ................. Logan..................... L orain.................... Lucas............... .. Madison................. M ahoning............. Marion................... M ed in a ................. Meigs....................... Mercer..................... Miami....................... M onroe................. Montgomery......... M organ................. M orrow................. Muskingum........... Noble....................... Ottawa................... Paulding................ P erry ..................... Pickaw ay............... P ik e ........................ P o rtag e................. Preble..................... Putnam .................. R ichland............... R oss....................... Sandusky............... Scioto..................... S e n e ca .................. S h e lb y ... ............. Stark....................... Sum m it................. Trum bull............... Tuscarawas........... U nion..................... Van W ert............... V in ton ................... Warren................... Washington........... W ayne.................... W illiams................ W ood..................... W yandot............... 6l 56 74 17 36 49 8 80 7i 39 J9 82 42 47 5 88 54 44 12 3 62 24 37 20 83 34 5i 66 60 72 38 55 65 4 15 64 70 81 22 59 l6 29 76 IO 86 18 43 32 21 23 40 45 25 77 68 73 3i I 9 27 Numerical. 29. Richland. 3°- Ashland. 3 i- Wayne. 3 2- Stark. 33 - Columbiana. 34 - Mercer. 35 - Auglaize. 36. Hardin. 37 - Marion. 38 . Morrow. 39 * Holmes. 40. Tuscarawas. 41. Carroll. 42. Jefferson. 43 - Shelby. 44. Logan. 45 - Union. 46. Delaware. 47 - Knox. 48. Coshocton. 49. Harrison. 5 °- Darke. 5 i- Miami. 5 2- Champaign. 53 - Franklin. 54 - Licking. 55 - Muskingum. 5 6- Guernsey. 57 - Belmont. 58 . Clarke. 59 - Preble. 60. Montgomery. 6l. Greene. 62. Madison. 63- Fairfield. 64. Perry. 65 - Noble. 66. Monroe. 67. Butler. 68. Warren. 69. F ayette. 70. Pickaway. 7 i- Hocking. 72. Morgan. 73- Washington. 74- Hamilton. 75- Clinton. 76. Ross. 77- Vinton. 78. Athens. 79- Clermont. 80. Highland. 8 l. Pike. 82. Jackson. 83 - Meigs. 84. Brown. 85 - Adams. 86. Scioto. 87. Gallia. 88. Lawrence. OREGON. Num erical. A lph abetical. OHIO. Alphabetical. Adams...................... A lle n ........................ Ashland................. Ashtabula — . A . . Athens..................... Auglaize................... Belmont................... Brown....................... Butler................. Carroll...................... Champaign.............. C la r k e ................... Clerm ont................. Clinton..................... Columbiana............. Coshocton............... Craw ford................. Cuyahoga................. Darke....................... Defiance................... Delaware................. E rie........................... Fairfield................... Fayette..................... Franklin............... F u lto n ..................... G a llia ....................... Geauga................ Num erical. 85 26 30 6 78 35 57 84 67 41 52 58 79 75 33 48 28 13 50 7 46 n 63 69 53 2 87 14 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. n. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. Williams. Fulton. Lucas. Ottawa. Lake. A.shtabula. Defiance. Henry. Wood. Sandusky, Erie. Lorain. Cuyahoga. Geauga. Paulding. Putnam. Hancock. Seneca. Huron. Medina. Summit. Portage. Trum bull. Mahoning. Van Wert. Allen. Wyandot. Crawford. B aker....................... Benton..................... Clackamas............... Clatsop..................... Columbia................. Coos....................... C urry...................... Douglas................. G rant..................... Jackson................. Josephine............... Lake............... . — L an e....................... Linn........................ Marion................... Multnomah........... P o lk ........................ Tillam ook............. Um atilla................ U nion..................... • Wasco..................... Washington........... Yam H ill............... 1. 2. 12 7 • 3. 4. I 2 5. 6. 18 20 7. 8. 19 9. l6 22 10. 11. 21 12. 23 13. 14 14. 13 15. II 4 16. 17. IO 18. 5 19. 8 9 20. r 5 21. 3 22. 6 23. 17 Clatsop. Columbia. Washington. Multnomah. Tillamook. Yam H ill. Clackamas. Umatilla. Union. Polk. Marion. Benton. Linn. Lane. Wasco. Grant. Baker. Coos. Douglas. Curry. Josephine. Jackson. Lake. PENNSYLVANIA. Num erical. A lph abetical. A d am s..................... A llegh en y............... Armstrong............... B ea v e r..................... B ed fo rd ................... 62 39 30 38 59 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Erie. Crawford. Warren. M cKean. Potter. P E N N S Y L V A N I A —Continued. Alphabetical. B erks........................ 52 B lair.................. 42 Bradford................. 7 B u c k s ...................... 53 B u tle r ...................... 29 C a m b ria .................... 41 Cam eron.................. 13 C a rb o n ................... 33 Centre...................... 31 C h ester.................... 65 C la r io n ................... 20 C lea rfie ld ............... 22 C lin to n .................... 23 Columbia................. 25 Crawford................. 2 Cum berland........... 54 D au p h in .................. 50 Delaware................. 66 E l k ........................... 12 E r ie .......................... x F a y e tte ................... 57 F o re s t...................... 11 F ra n k lin .................... 61 F u lto n ...................... 60 G reen e..................... 56 H untingdon........... 48 Indiana................. 40 Jefferson.................. 21 Juniata ................. 44 Lackaw anna........... 17 L an ca ster.................. 64 L a w ren ce.............. 28 L eban o n .................... 51 L eh igh ..................... 45 L uzern e................... 26 L yco m in g............... 14 M c K e a n .................. 4 M ercer..................... 19 M ifflin ..................... 43 M onroe................... 27 M ontgomery......... 55 M on tou r.................. 24 Northampton.......... 37 Northumberland . . 35 P erry ........................ 49 Philadelphia........... 67 P ik e .......................... 18 P o tte r ...................... 5 Schuylkill................ 36 Sn yd er..................... 34 Somerset.................. 58 Su llivan ................... 15 Susquehanna........... 8 T io g a ....................... 6 U n io n ...................... 32 V e n a n g o ................. 10 W a rre n .................... 3 W ashington............ 46 W ayne...................... 9 Westmoreland . . . . 47 W y o m in g ............... 16 Y o r k ........................ 63 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. ISLAND. RHODE Num erical. A lph abetical. B ristol......... K e n t ...................... N e w p o rt............... P rovidence........... Washington........... SOUTH Alphabetical. Abbeville ............. A ik e n ................... A n d e rso n ............. B arn w ell............... B ea u fo rt............... Charleston............. C h este r................. Chesterfield........... Clarendon............. C o lle to n ............... D a rlin gto n ........... Edgefield............... F a irfie ld ............... G eo rgeto w n ......... G reenville............. Hampton............... H u r r y .................... K ersh a w ............... Lancaster .............. Laurens................. L exin gton............. Numerical. Tioga. Bradford. Susquehanna. Wayne. Venango. Forest. Elk. Cameron. Lycoming. Sullivan. Wyoming. Lackawanna. Pike. Mercer. Clarion. Jefferson. Clearfield. Clinton. Montour. Columbia. Luzerne. Monroe. Lawrence. Butler. Armstrong. Centre. Union. Carbon. Snyder. Northumberland. Schuylkill. Northampton. Beaver. Allegheny. Indiana. Cambria. Blair. Mifflin. Juniata. Lehigh. Washington. Westmoreland. Huntingdon. Perry. Dauphin. Lebanon. Berks. Bucks. Cumberland. Montgomery. Greene. Fayette. Somerset. Bedford. Fulton. Franklin. Adams. York. Lancaster. Chester. Delaware. Philadelphia. 3 2 5 1 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Providence. Kent. Bristol. Washington. Newport. CAROLINA. 13 24 8 29 33 3° IO 11 26 32 17 19 15 28 3 3i 23 l6 7 9 20 Numerical. I. Oconee. 2 . Pickens. 3- Greenville. 4 - Spartanburgh. 5 - Union. 6 . York. 7 - Lancaster. 8. Anderson. 9 - Laurens. IO. Chester. II. Chesterfield. 12. Marlborough. 13- Abbeville. 14. N ewberry. 15- Fairfield. l6. Kershaw. i 7- Darlington. 18. Marion. 19. Edgefield. 20. Lexington. 21. Richland. SO U T H C A R O L IN A —Continued. Numerical. A lph abetical. Marion...................... Marlborough........... N e w b erry ............... O c o n e e .............. O ran gebu rgh ......... P icken s.................... R i c h l a n d ............. Spartanburgh.......... Sum ter.............. U nion....................... Williamsburgh . . . . Y o r k ........................ 18 12 14 1 25 2 21 4 22 5 27 6 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. Sumter. Hurry. Aiken. Orangeburgh. Clarendon. Williamsburgh. Georgetown. Barnwell. Charleston. Hampton. Colleton. Beaufort. TENNESSEE. Alphabetical. A n d e rso n ............. Bedford................. Benton................... B led soe................. Blount................... B rad ley................. Cam pbell.............. C an n on ................. C arro ll........ .......... C a rte r ................... Cheatham ............. C la ib o rn e ............. C la y ....................... Cocke ................... C o ffe e ................... Crockett . . . . . . . . Cum berland......... Davidson............... D ecatur............... . De K a lb ............... D ickson................. D y e r ..................... F a y e tte ............... Fentress................ F ra n k lin ............. . G ibson................. G ile s ..................... G ra in g e r............ G reene................. G ru n d y ............... H am blen............ H a m ilto n ........... H an cock............. H ardem an.......... H ard in ................ H a w k in s............ H a y w o o d ........... H end erson......... H e n r y ................. H ickm an............. Houston............... Humphreys......... Jackson............... Jam es................... Jefferson............. Johnson.. . . . — K n o x .................... L a k e .................... Lauderdale......... Lawrence ........... L ew is................... L in co ln ............... L ou d on ............... M cM in n ............. M cN airy............. M acon................. M ad iso n ............. M a r io n ............... M arsh all............. M a u r y ................. Meigs................... M onroe........... .... Montgomery. . . . M oore................. M organ............... O b io n ................. O verton.............. P erry .................... P o lk ..................... P utnam ......... R h e a ................... R o a n e ................. Robertson........... R utherford......... S c o t t ................... S eq u atch ie......... S e v ie r ................. Sh elby................. I S m ith ................... Num erical. 43 72 36 60 63 93 10 57 35 3i 21 11 6 46 74 53 41 22 68 48 38 33 81 8 89 34 87 27 29 75 28 91 12 82 84 13 65 67 19 55 20 37 25 92 45 15 44 16 52 86 69 88 62 78 83 5 66 90 7i 70 77 79 2 73 42 17 7 54 94 40 61 50 3 47 9 76 5i 80 24 1. Stewart. 2. Montgomery. 3 - Robertson. 4 - Sumner. 5 - Macon. 6. Clay. 7 - Overton. 8. Fentress. 9 - Scott. 10. Campbell. 11. Claiborne. 12. Hancock. i 3 - Hawkins. 14. Sullivan. i 5 - Johnson. 16. Lake. I 7- Obion. 18. Weakley. 19. Henry. 20. Houston 21. Cheatham. 22. Davidson. 23- Trousdale. 24. Smith. 25 - Jackson. 26. Union. 27. Grainger. 28. Hamblen. 29. Greene. 3 °- Washington. 3 1* Carter. 3 2- Unicoi. 33 - Dyer. 34 - Gibson. 35 - Carroll. 36- Benton. 37- Humphreys. 38 . Dickson. 39 - Wilson. 40. Putnam. 41. Cumberland. 42. Morgan. 43 - Anderson. 44. Knox. 45 - Jefferson. 46. Cocke. 47 - Rutherford. 48. De K alb. 49. White. 5 °- Roane. 5 1* Sevier. 5 2- Lauderdale. 53 - Crockett. 54 - Perry. 55 - Hickman. 56. Williamson. 57 - Cannon. 58 . Warren. 59 - Van Buren. 60. Bledsoe. 61. Rhea. 62. Loudon. 63- Blount. 64. Tipton. 6S- Haywood. 66. Madison. 67. Henderson. 68. Decatur. 69. Lewis. 70. Maury. 7 i- Marshall. 72. Bedford. 73 - Moore. 74 - Coffee. 75 - Grundy. 76. Sequatchie. 77< Meigs. 78. McMinn. 79 - Monroe. INDEX TO COUNTIES. T E N N E S S E E —Continued. Numerical. A lph abetical. S te w a rt.................... i Sullivan.................... 14 Sum ner.................... 4 T i p t o n . . . . ............. 64 T rou sd ale............... 23 U n ico i...................... 32 U n io n ...................... 26 Van B u ren ............. 59 W a rre n ....... ............ 58 Washington............. 30 W ayne...................... 85 W e a k le y ................. 18 W hite....................... 49 W illiam son............. 56 W ilso n .................... 39 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. Shelby. Fayette. Hardeman. McNairy. Hardin. Wayne. Lawrence. Giles. Lincoln. Franklin. Marion. Hamilton. James. Bradley. Polk. TEXAS. Alphabetical. Anderson.................123 1. 2. A n d re w s---95 142 Angelina........ 3. A ran sas......... 216 4. A r c h e r .......... 5. 44 18 Arm strong. . . 6. Atascosa . . . . 199 7. A u stin ........... 180 8. 27 B ailey............. 9. Bandera........ 10. 185 178 11. B astrop........... B a y lo r............ 43 12. 212 B e e ................. 13. 136 14. B e l l ................. 189 15. B e x a r............. 163 16. B lan co........... B ord en........... 77 17. 11 9 Bosque.......... 18. B o w ie............ 53 19. 206 20. Brazoria........ 21. Brazos........... 151 Briscoe.......... 24 22. 116 23. B row n ........... 166 24. Burleson........ 148 25. Burnet........... 177 Caldwell — . 26. 214 27. Calhoun......... C allah an ----101 28. 225 29. Cam eron. . . . 70 30. C a m p ............ C arson .......... 13 31. C ass............... 73 32. 22 33. C astro............ Chambers . . . 183 34. 124 35. C herokee. . . . 26 36. Childress . . . . C la y ............... 45 37. Cochran......... 36 38. Colem an........ “ 5 39. C o llin ............ 66 40. Collingsworth 20 41. Colorado. . . . 193 42. C om al............ x75 43. 117 44. Com anche. . . Concho ......... 131 45 C ooke............ 47 46. C o ry ell........ 135 47. C ottle........ . 32 48. 160 49. Crockett........ C ro sb y .......... 39 50. 1 51. D allam ........... 86 52. D allas............ D aw son......... 76 53. Deaf Sm ith.. 16 54. D e lta ......... 5 i 55. D enton. . . 65 56. 202 57. De W itt. . . 40 58. D ickens. . . D im m it. . . 208 59. D onley. . . . *9 60. 219 61. D u val........ 102 62. Eastland.. 172 63. Edw ards.. 108 64. E llis .......... 127 65. E l P aso. . . 218 66. E n cin a l. .. Erath — . 103 67. F a lls......... 137 68. F a n n in .. . 49 69. 179 70. F a y e tte .. . Fisher 79 71. Floyd 3 ° 72. Fort Bend 195 73. Franklin 69 74. 122 75. Freestone 198 | 76. F rio ........ Numerical. Dallam. Sherman. Hansford. Ochiltree. Lipscomb. Hartley. Moore. Hutchinson. Roberts. Hemphill. Oldham. Potter. Carson. Gray. Wheeler. Deaf Smith. Randall. Armstrong. Donley. Collingsworth. Parmer. Castro. Swisher. Briscoe. Hall. Childress. Bailey. Lamb. Hale. Floyd. Motley. Cottle. Hardeman. Walbarger. Wichita. Cochran. Hockley. Lubbock. Crosby. Dickens. King. Knox. Baylor. Archer. Clay. Montague. Cooke. Grayson. Fannin. Lamar. Delta. Red River. Bowie. Yoakum. Terry. Lynn. Garza. Kent. Stonewall. Haskell. Throckmorton. Young. Jack. Wise. Denton. Collin. Hunt. Hopkins. Franklin. Camp. Titus. Morris. Cass. Marion. Gaines. Dawson. T E X A S —Continued. Alphabetical. Gaines................... G alveston............. G arza..................... G illespie................ G o liad ................... G o n zales.............. G ra y ....................... G rayson................. ■ 75 77 78. .213 .191 79* 80. 81. 82. . 48 83 84. • 57 G reg g .................... • 93 Grim es................... •153 Guadalupe............. H a le .................... . • 29 H a ll........................ • 25 Hamilton............... .118 H ansford---- ---- • 3 Hardeman........ .. • 33 H ardin.................. H arris........ ........... Harrison................ • 94 H artley.................. . 6 H askell.................. H a y s...................... H em phill.............. H enderson........... H idalgo.................. H ill........................ H o ck ley ................ H o o d ..................... H op kin s................ . 68 H ouston................ H ow ard................. • 97 H u n t...................... • 67 H utchinson.......... . 8 J a c k ....................... • 63 Jackson................. J asper.................... •158 J e ffe r s o n ............. . 184 Johnson................ J ones..................... . 80 K a rn e s.................. K aufm an............... . 88 K en d a ll......... . . . .174 K e n t...................... • 58 K e r r ....................... •173 K im ble.................. K in g ....................... K in n ey .................. K n o x ..................... Lam ar.................... • 5 ° L am b..................... . 28 Lam pasas.............. ■134 L a S a lle ................ L av aca ................... L e e ......................... .165 L e o n ...................... • i 39 L ib erty.................. Lim estone............. Lip scom b.............. • 5 Live O ak .............. L la n o ..................... Lubbock................ • 38 L y n n ...................... M cCulloch............ .132 M cLennan............ M cM u llen............ Madison................. .152 M arion.................. • 74 M artin................... . 96 M ason................... M atagorda............ .205 M averick.............. M edina.................. .188 M enard................. •145 M ilam .................... .150 M itchell................ . 98 M ontague............. . 46 M ontgom ery........ .168 M oore.................... • 7 M orris................... • 7 2 M otley................... • 3 i Nacogdoches........ .125 N avarro................ N ew ton................. •159 Nolan..................... • 99 N ueces................... Ochiltree............... • 4 Oldham ................. O range...... ........ . 171 Palo P in to ............ • 83 Panola................... • r l 3 P arker................... . 84 Parm er................... P ecos...................... P o lk ....................... .156 P otter..................... 85 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93 94. 95 96. 97 98. 99. IOO. IOI. 102. 103. IO4. 105. 106. I07. 108. IO9. IIO. III. 112. n 3114. i i 5I l6. H 7118. 119. 120. 1 21. 122. 123. I24. 125. 126. I27. 128. I29. 130. 131* 132. 133i 34 i 35 136. i 37 138. i 39 140. 141. 142. 143144. i 45 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151152. 153i 54 155156. 157158. 159160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. N umerical. Borden. Scurry. Fisher. Jones. Shackelford. Stephens. Palo Pinto. Parker. . Tarrant. Dallas. Rockwall. Kaufman. Van Zandt. Rains. Wood. Upshur. Gregg. Harrison. Andrews. Martin. Howard. Mitchell. Nolan. Taylor. Callahan. Eastland. Erath. Hood. Somervell. Johnson. Hill. Ellis. Navarro. Henderson. Smith. Rusk. Panola. Runnels. Coleman. Brown. Comanche. Hamilton. Bosque. McLennan. Limestone. Freestone. Anderson. Cherokee. Nacogdoches. Shelby. El Paso. Presidfo. Pecos. Tom Green. Concho. M cCulloch. San Saba. Lampasas. Coryell. Bell. Falls. Robertson. Leon. Houston. Trinity. Angelina. San Augustine. Sabine. Menard. Mason. Llano. Burnet. Williamson. Milam. Brazos. Madison. Grimes. Walker. San Jacinto. Polk. T yler. Jasper. Newton. Crockett. Kimble. Gillespie. Blanco. Travis. Lee. Burleson. Washington. Montgomery. Liberty. Hardin. Orange. XVI1 T E X A S —Continued. Num erical. A lph abetical. P residio................ R ain s...................... . 90 R and all................. • 17 Red R iv e r............ • 5 2 R efu gio ................. •215 R o berts................. • 9 Robertson............. .138 R o ck w a ll.............. - 87 R un nels................. R u s k ................•... Sabine.................... San A u g u stin e... •143 San Jacinto.......... •155 San P atricio......... San Saba............... •133 Shackelford.......... . 81 Sh elby................... Sherman................ Scurry.................... • 78 Sm ith..................... Som ervell............. .105 S tarr....................... Stephens................ Stonew all.............. • 59 Swisher.................. • 23 T arrant.................. • 85 T a y lo r ............. ...... T e r r y ..................... • 55 Throckmorton . . . . 6l T it u s ..................... • 7 i Tom G reen .......... .130 T ra v is.................... T rin ity ................... .14 1 T y le r ...................... • i 57 U p sh u r ................. . 92 U va ld e................... .187 Yan Z a n d t............ V ictoria.................. W alker................... •154 Waller ................. .181 W ashington.......... W ebb...................... W harton................ W heeler................. • i 5 W ich ita.................. Walbarger.............. • 34 W illiam son............ .149 W ilson................... W ise....................... . 64 W oo d ..................... • 9 i Y o u n g .................... Y oaku m .............. .. • 54 Zapata................... Zavalla................... 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. A lph abetical. Edwards. Kerr. Kendall. Comal. Hays. Caldwell. Bastrop. Fayette. Austin. Waller. Harris. Chambers. Jefferson. Bandera. Kinney. Uvalde. Medina. Bexar. Guadalupe. Gonzales. Lavaca. Colorado. Wharton. Fort Bend. Maverick. Zavalla. Frio. Atascosa. Wilson. Karnes. De Witt. Victoria. Jackson. Matagorda. Brazoria. Galveston. Dimmit. L a Salle. M cMullen. Live Oak. Bee. Goliad. Calhoun. Refugio. Aransas. Webb. Encinal. Duval. Nueces. San Patricio Zapata. Starr. Hidalgo. Cameron. Orange .................. IO O rleans.................... 4 R u tlan d ................... I I W ashington............. 7 W indham ................ 14 W indsor................. 12 UTAH. N um erical. A lphabetical. B eaver................... B o x E ld e r........ ... Cach6..................... D avis..................... • E m ery................... • Ir o n ........................ Ju ab....................... • K a n e ..................... • M illard .................. • M organ................. . Pi U te ................... • R ic h ....................... • San Juan ............ Salt L a k e .............. . San P ete............... • Sevier..................... Summit.................. • T o o e le................... • Uintah.................... U ta h ....................... W asatch................. W ashington.......... W eber.................... • 5 17 13 23 i5 6 19 3 8 14 9 7 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Box Elder. Cache. Rich. Weber. Davis. Morgan. Tooele. Salt Lake. Summit. Utah. Wasatch. Uintah. Juab. San Pete. Millard. Sevier. Emery. Beaver. Pi Ute. Iron. San Juan. Washington. Kane. VERMONT. Num erical. A lph abetical. A d dison........ . Bennington........... C aledon ia............. C h itten d en ---- -E ssex..................... F ra n k lin ............... Grand Is le ........... Lam oille................ V E R M O N T —Continued. • 9 • 13 . 8 . 6 • . 5 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Grand Isle. Franklin. Lamoille. Orleans. Essex. Chittenden. Washington. Caledonia. Numerical. 9. Addison. 10. Orange. i t . Rutland. 12. Windsor. 13. Bennington. 14. Windham. V IR G I N I A . Alphabetical. A ccom ack............... 48 Albem arle............... 23 A lexan dria.............. 9 A lle gh a n y ............... 27 A m elia ..................... 53 Amherst................... 38 A p p o m attox........... 53 Augusta.................... 22 B a th ......................... 21 Bedford.................... 52 B lan d ....................... 64 B otetourt................ 37 Brunsw ick............... 94 Buchanan................ 62 Buckingham . . . . . . 39 Cam pbell................. 67 Caroline................... 25 C a rro ll..................... 88 Charles C ity ........... 57 Charlotte................ 68 Chesterfield............. 56 C lark e...................... 2 C ra ig ........................ 36 Culpeper................. 13 Cumberland ........... 40 D in w iddie..................70 Elizabeth C ity ---- 83 E ssex........................ 33 F a irfa x ..................... 8 Fauquier................. 6 F lo y d ....................... 78 F ulvan na................. 30 Franklin................... 66 F rederick................ 1 G ile s......................... 49 Gloucester............... 45 G oochland.............. 42 G rayson................... 87 G r e e n e ................. 16 G reenville............... 95 H alifa x .................... 92 H anover.................. 31 H enrico................... 43 H en ry ...................... 90 H ighland.......... .. 15 Isle of W ight......... 81 James C ity ............. 73 K ing and Q ueen... 32 K ing G eorge.......... 20 K ing W illiam .........44 Lancaster................. 47 L e e .................... 84 L ou d ou n .................. 3 Louisa....................... 24 Lunenburgh............ 79 M a d is o n ................ 17 M atthews....................59 Mecklenburgh . . . . 93 M iddlesex............... 46 M ontgomery...........50 Nansem ond............ 97 N elson...................... 29 New K e n t............... 58 N o rfo lk ................... 98 Northampton.......... 60 Northum berland... 35 N ottow ay................ 69 O range..................... 18 P a g e ......................... 11 P atrick........ ............ 89 P ittsylvania............ 91 Powhatan................. 41 Prince E d w ard ---- 54 Prince G e o r g e .... 71 Princess A n n e----- 99 Prince W illiam . . . . 7 Pulaski..................... 65 Rappahannock----- 12 Richmond................ 34 R oan oke.................. 51 Rockbridge............. 28 R ockingham ........... 10 R ussell..................... 75 S co tt......................... 85 Shenandoah . . . . . . 4 Num erical. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. Frederick. Clarke. Loudoun. Shenandoah. Warren. Fauquier. Prince William. Fairfax. Alexandria. Rockingham. Page. Rappahannock. Culpeper. Stafford. Highland. Greene. Madison. Orange. Spottsylvania. K in g George. Bath. Augusta. Albemarle. Louisa. Caroline. Westmoreland. Alleghany. Rockbridge. Nelson. Fulvanna. Hanover. K in g and Queen. Essex. Richmond. Northumberland. Craig. Botetourt. Amherst. Buckingham. Cumberland. Powhatan. Goochland. Henrico. K ing William. Gloucester. Middlesex. Lancaster. Accom ack. Giles. Montgomery. Roanoke. Bedford. Appomattox. Prince Edward. Amelia. Chesterfield. Charles City. New Kent. Matthews. Northampton. Wise. Buchanan. Tazewell. Bland. Pulaski. Franklin. Campbell. Charlotte. Nottoway. Dinwiddie. Prince George. Surry. James City. York. Russell. Smyth. Wythe. Floyd. Lunenburgh. Sussex. Isle of Wight. Warwick. Elizabeth City. Lee. Scott. INDEX TO COUNTIES. xviii V I R G I N I A - - C o n tin u e d . Alphabetical. S m y th ................... Southampton........ Spottsylvania . . . . Stafford................. S u rry ....................... Sussex................... T a zew ell............... W arren.................. W arw ick............. .. W ashington.......... Westmoreland. . . W ise....................... W yth e.................... Y o r k ......................... 76 96 r9 14 72 80 63 5 82 86 26 61 77 74 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. Numerical. Washington. Grayson. Carroll. Patrick. Henry. Pittsylvania. H alifax. Mecklenburgh. Brunswick. Greenville. Southampton. Nansemond. Norfolk. Princess Anne. W A SH IN G TO N . Alphabetical. C h e h a lis................. C lallam ................... C la rk e ..................... C o lu m b ia ............... Cowlitz ................... Is la n d ...................... Jefferson.................. K i n g ........................ K its a p ..................... K lik ita t................... Lewis........................ M ason..................... P acific..................... Pierce ..................... San Juan................. S k a m a n ia ............... Snohom ish............. Spokan..................... S tev en s............. ...... T h u rston ................ W ahkiaku m ........... Walla W a lla ........... W hatcom ................. W hitm an................. Y a k im a ................... 10 6 21 24 20 4 7 9 8 25 17 II l6 13 I 22 5 15 3 12 19 23 2 18 14 I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Numerical. San Juan. Whatcom. Stevens. Island; Snohomish. Clallam. Jefferson. Kitsap. King. Chehalis. Mason. Thurston. Pierce. Yakima. Spokan. Pacific. Lewis. Whitman. Wahkiakum. Cowlitz. Clarke. Skamania. Walla Walla. Columbia. Klikitat. W E ST Alphabetical. Barbour................... Berkeley.................. Boone ...................... B rax to n .................. B rooke..................... C a b e ll..................... Calhoun ................. C la y .......................... D o d d rid g e............. F a y e tte ................... G ilm er..................... G ra n t....................... G reen b rier............. Hampshire.............. H an cock................. H ardy ................... H arrison................. Jackson................... Jefferson................. Kanawha................. L e w is....................... Logan ...................... M cD ow ell............... M a r io n ................... M arsh all................. M ason...................... M ercer..................... M ineral................... Monongalia............. M onroe................... M organ................... N ich o las................. Ohio.......................... P e n d le to n ............. Pleasants................. Pocahontas............. P reston ................... Putnam ................... R a leigh ................... Randolph ............... R it c h ie ................... R o a n e ...................... Summers................. VIRGINIA. 18 24 46 33 2 36 28 39 12 48 29 20 49 22 I 31 13 27 25 38 17 45 53 8 4 26 54 21 6 52 23 43 3 35 II 44 9 37 47 34 16 32 51 • W EST V I R G I N I A — C o n tin u e d . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. Numerical. Hancock. Brooke. Ohio. Marshall. Wetzel. Monongalia. Tyler. Marion. Preston. Wood. Pleasants. Doddridge. Harrison. Taylor. Wirt. Ritchie. Lewis. Barbour. Tucker. Grant. Mineral. Alphabetical. T a y lo r..................... T u c k e r ................. T y le r..................... U p sh u r................. W ayne................... W ebster.......... . W etzel................... W ir t................. W oo d ..................... W yom ing.............. Alphabetical. A d a m s................... 39 A sh lan d ................ 4 Barron . . . . ........ 6 2 B a yfield .................. Brow n...................... 31 Buffalo.................. 24 Burnett.................. 3 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. Morgan. Berkeley. Jefferson. Mason. Jackson. Calhoun. Gilmer. Upshur. Hardy. Roane. Braxton. Randolph. Pendleton. Cabell. Putnam. Kanawha. Clay. Webster. Wayne. Lincoln. Nicholas. Pocahontas. C h ip p ew a............. Clark ...................... Colum bia................ C raw ford .............. D a n e ....................... D o d g e...................... D o o r ....................... D ouglas................... D u n n....................... Eau C laire............ Fond du L a c ---G ra n t....................... G reen .................... Green L a k e ............ Io w a......................... Jackson................. Jefferson............... Juneau..................... K en osh a.................. K ew aunee............. L a Crosse............. L a F ayette......... ■ 14 19 7 3° 4i 40 5 15 IO 5° 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 32. .53. 54. Numerical. Logan. Boone. Raleigh. Fayette. Greenbrier. Wyoming. Summers. Monroe. M cDowell. Mercer. W ISC O N SIN . I 14 22 47 51 54 48 18 I 13 21 42 52 60 41 53 26 55 38 63 23 36 59 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Numerical. Douglas. Bayfield. Burnett. Ashland. Polk. Barron. Price. New. Oconto. Marinette. Saint Croix. Dunn. Chippewa. Taylor. Marathon. Shawano. Door. Pierce. Pepin. Eau Claire. Clark. Kewaunee. Buffalo. Trempealeau. Jackson. Wood. Portage. Waupaca. Outagamie. W I S C O N S I N — C o n tin u e d . Alphabetical. L in co ln ................. M anitowoc............ M arathon................ M arinette................ M arquette............... M ilw aukee............ M on ro e................... N ew ................. ..... O con to..................... Outagam ie.............. O zaukee.................. Pepin........................ Pierce ...................... P o lk ......................... Portage.................... P r ic e ........................ R a cin e ..................... R ich lan d ................. R o c k ........................ Saint C ro ix ........... S a u k ......................... Sheboygan.......... .. T aylo r...................... Trem pealeau.......... V ern on..................... W alw orth................. W ashington............ W aukesha................ W aupaca................. Waushara ............... W innebago........... W o o d ..................... 8 35 l6 II 40 57 37 9 IO 3° 5o 20 19 5 28 7 58 45 61 12 46 43 15 25 44 62 49 56 29 32 33 27 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. Numerical. Brown. Waushara. Winnebago. Calumet. Manitowoc. L a Crosse. Monroe. Juneau. Adams. Marquette. Green Lake. Fond du Lac. Sheboygan. Vernon. Richland. Sauk. Columbia. Dodge. Washington. Ozaukee. Crawford. Grant. Iowa. Dane. Jefferson. Waukesha. Milwaukee. Racine. L a Fayette. Green. Rock. Walworth. Kenosha. W YO M IN G. Alphabetical. A lb a n y ................... Carbon................... C ro o k ..................... L aram ie................. Pease ...................... Sweetwater............ U in tah ................... • 6 5 2 7 I 4 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Numerical. Pease. Crook. Uintah. Sweetwater. Carbon. Albany. Laramie. I —P hysical G eography. INDEX TO P O G R A P H IC TO PLATES. M A P ............................................... Plate 1 SPR IN G AND SU M M ER R A IN F A L L ................Plate 4 MEAN TEM PER ATU R E, JANUARY AND JULY, Plate 2 AN N U A L R A IN F A L L .................................................. Plate 4 RIVER MEAN A N N U A L T E M P E R A T U R E ......................... Plate 3 B A S IN S ........................................................... Plate 5 H YPSO M ETR IC S K E T C H ....................................... Plate 3 FORESTRY— ESTIM ATED T IM B E R SUPPLY, Plate 5 The western member of this system is T o p o g r a p h y . — In describing the physical near Lynchburgh, its height is over 4,000 feet. features of the United States, we have first to Entering North Carolina it develops into a known consider the general topography of the country series of ranges and cross-ranges, forming a names. — its framework, as it may be called— since tangled mass of mountains, which cover the Alleghany plateau. upon depends, to a great extent, its whole western part of the state and rise to it is extremely broken and eroded, different temperature, aridity of atmosphere, and rainfall. heights, in the peaks, of from 5,000 to 6,000 parts of it are known This framework consists, in general terms, feet, while a number of the most prominent mountain, Great Flat Top mountain, etc. In of two great mountain systems, of which the peaks are considerably above the latter figure. Kentucky and Tennessee as western, the principal one, is known as the Am ong the Cumberland mountain or plateau. Cordilleran system of North America; and the summit east of the Cordilleras— which is 6,707 portion of the system presents everywhere, eastern, as the Appalachian system. feet in height. however erosion, this Between them is Mt. Mitchell — the highest In these mountains the line of in different In places Pennsylvania under it is different called the In W est Virginia, where modified by as the it Alleghany is known This the general the two lies a broad basin occupied by the the Blue Ridge proper can still be traced, character of a great plateau, breaking off Mississippi river and its branches, and the forming, sharply toward the valley and sloping grad chain of the Great Lakes. between the streams flowing directly into the ually in the opposite direction. The Appalachian system enters the United Atlantic and those flowing into the Tennessee. speaking, its crest forms the divide between States in the northern part of New England It has here the character of a plateau, sloping the waters flowing directly into the Atlantic and gradually on the northwest, but pitching off or into the Tennessee river, and those flowing abruptly on the southeast. directly into the Ohio or into the Cumberland. in northern New a general York, and, southwesterly extending direction, ter most of the way, a water-divide This mass of minates in northern Georgia and Alabama. mountains extends into Georgia and north Exceptions Throughout most of its extent it consists of eastern Alabama, finally terminating in long the two narrow ridges. Pennsylvania, the New river, a branch of the members: the eastern, known as the may be Susquehanna found Generally and in the case of Delaware rivers in The depression between the Blue Ridge Kanawha, in southwestern Virginia, and the These two are and the Cumberland mountains, known as The Potomac, which cuts back a short distance separated throughout Maryland, Virginia and Great Valley, is by no means a simple, smooth into the plateau in northern W est Virginia. Tennessee by a valley, known in different expanse. In some localities, as in eastern Tennessee, this parts by the names of its principal streams. most of them low, although several rise to plateau In northern Virginia it is the Shenandoah heights of between 1,000 and 2,000 feet above erosion, but throughout W est Virginia and valley, the remarkably northwestern Kentucky erosion has so nearly continuous, extending, with slightly sinuous obliterated its form that little of the plateau courses, for hundreds of miles. character is left. Blue Ridge; the western, as the Alleghany or Cumberland mountains. and in southwestern Virginia and eastern Tennessee, the Tennessee valley. The Blue Ridge first appears in northern It is traversed by numberless ridges, valley. These ridges are In Pennsyl has suffered comparatively little The slight inclination of the Part of strata, however, and the fact that all of the indeed, be traced to the eastern bank of the the valley occupied by the Shenandoah river in mountain and hill summits are, approximately, Hudson river, in the line of the Highlands. Virginia, is but very little diversified, only one upon the same level, together with the erratic The Delaware crosses it at the Delaware W ater or two ranges being contained in it, while in course of the drainage, all indicate this as- the Gap. Within the State of Pennsylvania it is the high country about the heads of the original form of the region. known as the South Mountain, a range of but Shenandoah, James and New rivers, the ridges Toward the northeast, in New Y ork and little topographic importance. are extremely numerous and much broken. New England, the character of this system gradually, however, and, at Harper’s Ferry, Farther of where the Potomac cuts through it, has a become less numerous and of less importance, place we have the isolated masses of the height above the river of some twelve or so that, below Knoxville, Tenn., the valley Catskills, the Adirondacks, fifteen hundred feet. is again almost a plain. ridges the Green New Jersey. Detached portions of it may, It then rises A t the Peaks of Otter, vania they are extremely numerous. to the southward they gradually mountains becomes of obliterated. the mountains In its parallel and the SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS XX Berkshire hills, the W hite mountains of New Hampshire, and the irregularly grouped summits small ranges of hills in northern .Michigan and Wisconsin. through New Mexico to 4,000 feet at the Mexican boundary. The ranges in Montana rise It is a singular fact, Westward from the Mississippi the country to heights of from 9,000 to 11,000 feet in the however, that in this part of the country, rises in a long incline to a great continental highest peaks, while the passes range from where the range has lost its continuity, are plateau, which 5.000 to 6,000 feet. found, with the exception of the North Carolina forming the Cordilleran system. mountains, the highest peaks in the whole of this plateau forms the continental watershed. River range rise to heights of nearly 14,000 feet. system; among them are Mt. Marcy, in the In western Montana this crest-line has an From the end of this range, at South Pass, to Adirondacks, with an elevation above sea level elevation above the sea of from 4,000 to 5,000 a point near the Colorado boundary, the Rocky of 5,379 feet, and Mt. Washington, the culmi feet. It rises in western W yom ing to heights mountains have only a theoretic existence, nating peak of the W hite mountains, which rises of from 7,000 to 8,000 feet, while in Colorado it being represented only by broad plateaus, 7,000 to a height of 6,294 feet above the sea. is still higher, ranging from 8,000 to 10,000 to 8,000 feet in elevation— plateaus so flat that, feet, the latter elevation being reached in the although carrying the continental water-parting, extends to the coast a gradually sloping plain. South Park. it is impossible to tell for many miles in what In the neighborhood of the mountains it is height, passing out of the country with an direction the water flows. In the southern slightly broken by isolated ridges and minor elevation, just west of the Rio Grande, not part of W yoming, about the heads of the undulations. much above 4,000 feet. The basin of the North Platte river, mountains rise again from terminated by a rocky, broken coast, cut by deep Colorado and Green rivers forms a general the plateau. The easternmost of these is known bays and with thousands of islands scattered depression in this plateau, which rises again in W yom ing along its front. Bay to the westward, reaching its second summit Colorado its line in eastern Nevada, where, in the northern whose peaks reach a height of 14,300 feet. form to a low, sandy shore, and on the New part of the state, terminates in Pike’s peak, just north of the Jersey coast there 6,000 feet, whence the height diminishes rapidly Arkansas river. southward. range, between which and the Front range are East of Maine. some of the Appalachian system there In Maine the Atlantic slope is From Massachusetts southward the coast begins to change is the typical southern shore, with a low reef facing the sea, back of which swamps. are bays or lagoons and coast These swamps grow broader south is crowned by the ranges The summit In New Mexico it diminishes in it has an elevation of The Cordilleran is an extremely complex system of ranges. In its widest part, that is Southward the mountains increase in elevation. as The peaks of the W ind the Laramie range, in as the Colorado or Front range, It W estward of this is the Park the high mountain valleys, known as North, Middle and South Parks. South of the ward, until on the coast of North Carolina between latitudes 370 and 420 it has a breadth , Arkansas river the front rank is taken up by they cover a very considerable area. of no less than 190 of longitude. Crossing it the Sangre de Cristo range, which, with a anywhere between these latitudes, one must series of peaks exceeding 14,000 feet in height, the rice land of North and South Carolina cross passes down into New Mexico as far as Santa has, however, distinct ranges of mountains. great extent they are uninhabitable. been reclaimed To a Most of from them. or outflank dozens of separate and In this system Fe. Thence this line is carried southward into The area of coast swamp in Georgia and two well-defined members may be distinguished, Texas by a series of broken ranges and ridges. Alabama is not considerable, but in Louisiana each of which of a multitude of W est of the valley of the upper Arkansas is it has a great breadth along the whole coast, separate ranges. The eastern member, which a short range— the Saguache— the highest and covering a very important part of the entire has been called the Rocky mountains, occupies, most massive range of Colorado, having a state. generally speaking, crest of the score of peaks above 14,000 feet, and without confined to small areas about Sabine lake plateau, from the line of the British posses a pass below the timber line, which, in this and near Galveston bay. sions to that of Mexico. state, reaches a height of between 11,000 and In Texas again it is very small, being consists the main In about latitude The great depression between the Appalach 430 it sends off a great spur or offshoot, known 12.000 feet. ian and the Cordilleran systems of mountains, as the Wasatch mountains, which, with the a series of broken ranges and ridges known roughly estimated to contain an area of a southern extension as the Elk mountains, or, to the miners of that million and a half of square miles, is drained system, embraces the drainage basin of the region, as the “ Gunnison country.” mainly Green western southward, about the heads of the San Juan drainage member of the Cordilleran system consists of river, is a mass of mountains known as the finding its way into the Gulf through the the Cascade range of Oregon and Washington, San Juan, separated from the Sangre de Cristo smaller streams, and another portion draining the Sierra Nevada of California, and the Coast range by the broad and sandy expanse of into the great lakes and Hudson’s bay. ranges. San Luis valley. by paratively the Mississippi small portion of river, a the com In and of the Rocky mountain Colorado rivers. The Between this series of ranges and Beyond this, to the westward, is Further population, agricultural productions and wealth, the Wasatch lies an area known as the Great Between this great and tangled mass of this division is now the most important section Basin, occupying nearly all of Nevada and mountains in Colorado and the short, broken of the part of southern Oregon, western Utah and ranges of New Mexico on the east, and the southeastern California, the waters of which Wasatch range of Utah on the west, lies a find neither ocean, but are peculiar country— a region of plateaus and this great depression is almost an absolute absorbed by the thirsty atmosphere and the canons, drained by the Colorado and its tributa plain, rising gradually arid soil. ries. country and will doubtless always continue to be so. From the foot of the Cumberland plateau and westward from northward, the Gulf. eastward The only considerable breaks in the uniformity of its surface consist of the Ozark hills in southern Missouri, northwestern Arkansas and their way to This area is traversed by numerous parallel ranges, trending nearly north and south. The plains at the eastern base of the Rocky The different plateaus are level, or but slightly inclined, changes of elevation from one to the other taking place abruptly by steep cliffs, often of vast height. A ll the the mountains rise from a height of 4,000 feet in streams flow in deep canons; many of them so southern part of the Indian Territory, and Montana to 6,000 in Colorado, then gently fall deep and narrow that the sun never penetrates t PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. XXI The body of the range is not greatly elevated mean annual temperature in cases where a of above the neighboring country, but the heights large extent of country is elevated. canons without streams for nearly the whole of the peaks vary through quite wide limits. shown in the case of the great Cordilleran year, or absolutely dry. So The highest summits are those of Mt. Rainier, plateau, which, rising from a height of a these localities that in Washington Territory, 14,444 feet, and Mt. thousand up to six, eight and ten thousand a skeleton. Shasta, in 14,442 feet- feet, carries with it the isothermal lines with Upon the higher plateaus, in the neighborhood The Sierra Nevada, although topographically but slight deflection southward. In the northern of the mountains, where rains are abundant, a continuation of the Cascade, is, geologically part of this region there is, in point of fact, forests and grasses flourish. and structurally, very different from it. South a northward deflection of the isothermals, however, from one plateau level to another, of Mt. Shasta the mountains fall to a com indicating the well-known mild climate of step by step, these gradually disappear, and paratively low elevation; indeed at this point central Montana. vegetation peculiar to arid regions becomes they are cut through by the Pitt river, a branch relatively of the Sacramento. to their bottoms. in a Not only is every stream canon, but gorges plateau is in there are some reduced more to and more thousands numerous are mere the Passing down, abundant, until northern California, Southward the range This is The influence of the oceans and of the great lakes is scarcely perceptible upon the finally, upon the lower plateaus, vegetation rises quite rapidly, and reaches its greatest lines and soil together cease. height between latitudes 36° and 370 . The shown, however, very decidedly in the maps character of this canon country let us trace peaks here range between 14,000 and 14,800 exhibiting the mean temperatures of January the course of the Green and Colorado river. feet, the highest summit, Mt. Whitney, slightly and July, the hottest and the coldest months From its head, in its upper course in W yoming, exceeding the latter figures. South of this of the year respectively, especially in case of it winds through a broad basin upon which point the mountains off abruptly and the former, where the effect of the sea in the peripatetic name of the Great American become confused with the Coast ranges, form elevating Desert ing in southern California a mass which has marked. but little system or continuity. illustrate also the “ continental” character of has been probably to remain. To illustrate the finally bestowed, there Most of the way through The this basin it is bordered by cliffs 200 to 300 fall Coast ranges through Washington, the of mean annual temperature. the winter temperature It is is very These two maps considered together, climate of the Cordilleran plateau. the Oregon and California are separated from the Eliminating from the isothermals the effects south, until at the foot of the basin it meets Cascade range and Sierra Nevada by a broad of the mountain ranges, it is seen that the the Uinta valley, occupied in Oregon midsummer temperature is abnormally high feet in height, gradually rising toward range, which crosses its course mainly by the W illamette river, and in California by the and through this range, showing indisputably by Sacramento and San Joaquin. low. its course that it occupied this position before of great elevation, ranging from 8,000 feet in great in this arid climate, but the diurnal the range commenced to rise, and has simply southern Oregon and northern California, to extremes are also very marked. retained it as the latter was elevated. 3,000 or 4,000 feet in southern California. unusual to record a mid-day temperature of with an east and west trend. It holds its way Having They are not the midwinter temperature abnormally Not only are the annual extremes It is not 8o°, while during the night the temperature passed through this range it meets an inclined There are two areas in the United States plateau, dipping very gradually to the north. below sea level: one in southern California, Into this it burrows, going deeper and deeper; on the line of the Southern Pacific Railroad, the depth of its canons being increased not which Great showing mean annual temperature, that almost only by the fall of the stream, but by the rise- American Desert and Soda Valley, having a the entire cotton belt lies in that region having of the plateau, until, having reached the cliff depression below the sea of 200 feet; and the a mean annual temperature above 550 . which marks the southern edge of the plateau, other, known as in eastern sugar and rice regions have a temperature it bursts suddenly into daylight. California, having about the same depression greater than 70°, while between 50° and 6o° is repeated with a second and a third plateau, below the sea. comprised mostly of the tobacco region. after which it plunges into the great Kaibab region of extreme aridity. This is is known variously as the Death Valley, Both of these areas are in a Through this it It will be seen on examining the map The The great prairie region lies almost entirely below 550 and the wheat region of Minnesota and , plateau, in which its cafions reach their greatest depth, viz., nearly 7,000 feet. falls below the freezing point. T e m p e ra tu re — Generally of a region Dakota is below 450of mean annual temperature. mean a quarter below the surface, for scores of dependent upon its latitude and its elevation R a in fa ll. — The miles, and finally emerges again into sunlight above the sea. It is modified, also, to some perhaps, the most important element of the at the “ Grand W ash.” extent by proximity to the sea or to large climate in its relation to material interests, bodies of water, and by the direction of the inasmuch as that one upon which all others prevailing winds. depend, viz., agriculture, Colorado country from the Great Basin, has temperature the winds, at a depth of from a mile to a mile and The Wasatch range, which separates the annual speaking, is rainfall of the country is, may be said to flourish, within certain limits, directly in pro an elevation in its peaks of from 10,000 to It will be seen upon examination of the nearly 12,000 feet, its highest peak, Mt. Nebo, map showing mean annual temperature, that portion to the amount of precipitation. having a height of 11,992 feet above the sea. the rainfall The ranges of the Great Basin differ greatly in mountain masses, pursue courses very nearly different parts. height, ranging from 4,000 to 5 !°°° ^ eet UP to east sufficient, in most places amply sufficient, for 12,000 feet, or even more in some of their deflections, however, caused by the Appalachian all peaks. and Cordilleran mountain systems are very Cordilleran region, however, with the exception great, giving to some of the highest mountain of a narrow strip near the Pacific coast, has Nearly all of them are now extinct, and the regions an almost arctic climate. an insufficient supply, so much so that every volcanic activity of the rest is very feeble. elevation has, however, little or no effect upon The Cascade range is one of volcanoes. isothermal and west lines, across unless the deflected country. by The Increase of the where, in this needs except country differs The greatly in Over the eastern half it is of agriculture. in certain The limited whole localities \ SCRIBNERS STATISTICAL ATLAS. xxii where the local topography produces a greater The higher ranges of the Cordilleran part of the United States, where the rainfall precipitation, irrigation is necessary for the system receive an ample supply of moisture, cultivation The the but the plains and valleys at their bases are eastern half of the country is derived from blessed by it only as the mountains pour down D is tr ib u t io n the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic ocean, abundant streams for irrigation. eastern part of the United States is forest-clad. and mainly from the former. reaches of crops. rainfall of The air currents western The from the Gulf are cooled upon reaching the southern Nevada and southeastern California, the middle of Texas, and Indian Territory, land, and deposit their vapors copiously at where the rainfall is the least and the tem eastern Kansas, and Nebraska, and the western first, and then more sparsely as they move perature the greatest. border of northward and eastward. The result is that precipitation, the Cascade range and the Sierra They reappear in northern California, western throughout the Mississippi valley the isohyetal Nevada present a sharp line of demarkation Oregon and Washington, northern Idaho and lines have the general form of concentric between the country lying east and that lying northwestern Montana. curves, concave toward the Gulf. west of them. Cordilleran region forests are found only on In respect of aqueous They cause, in great measure, the aridity of the former. of the country, these curves would be even and unbroken. in F o re sts. — A long a line passing, generally speaking, across no topographical inequalities in the surface maximum of Arizona, W ere there a The aridity does not exceed twenty inches. Minnesota, woodlands In other parts of the the high mountains and plateaus. The rainfall of the Pacific coast is peculiar. disappear. The plains, lower plateaus and valleys are treeless. The presence, however, of the W e have throughout the region a well defined East of the line above sketched as the Appalachian mountain system breaks up this wet and dry season, but there are degrees of western limit of arborescent vegetation, there uniformity. wetness or dryness which vary with the latitude. are great areas, comprising the southern end of this chain, and are forced In of Washington and Nebraska, northern Missouri, all of Iowa, up at once to a considerable altitude, which, Territory the annual rainfall has been known southern Minnesota and Wisconsin, the greater rarifying to reach 120 inches, being the greatest ever part of Illinois, and a portion of Indiana, con compels them to disgorge their moisture, so recorded in any part of the country. The stituting what is known as the prairie region, that we find, especially upon the southern dry season here is only comparatively dry. which is, or was when civilized man first entered end comparatively heavy Southward the rainfall of both the wet and dry it, a debatable ground between forests and A second source of precipitation is seasons decreases until, in southern California, grasses. the Atlantic ocean, from which comes most there is very little at either time of the year, grows gradually and by imperceptible degrees of the rainfall of the Atlantic plain. irrigation being universally practiced in the less as the longitude increases, until it shades southern half of the state. The reason for this into the treeless expanse of the great plains. country, and tracing the rainfall westward, we distribution of the rainfall is not difficult to In Texas and the Indian Territory there is a find that, going up the slope of the plains, it find. The prevalent southwesterly winds from similar but much smaller extent of prairie, the constantly decreases until in the neighborhood the Pacific ocean reach the shore as warm, transition here from forest to plain being much of longitude ioo°, where it ranges from twenty moist air currents, having the temperature of more quickly made. to twenty-five inches, it becomes too light the sea over which they have passed. If the Forests require a moist climate and soil. for the land is colder than the sea, as it is to a A comparison of the forestry map with that of the arid region, it must be understood, greater or less illustrating however, is not a hard and fast line. precipitation is induced, and this is more rapid intimate is in the neighborhood of this meridian a belt the But it is not upon rainfall alone that the of country stretching down through Dakota, between the land and the air current, which is moisture of a climate depends. Nebraska, Kansas and Texas, having a breadth the case in the more northern latitudes. In the same or even a less amount of precipitation, of two or three degrees of longitude, in which summer the land along most of the coast, and the climate of a cold region may be moister agriculture without irrigation, while sometimes in the southern part of the area, even up to than that of a warmer one, owing to the possible, is always a dangerous experiment considerable heights upon the mountains, has decreased amount of evaporation. and often a disastrous one. a higher temperature than the sea; while in the the case in central Minnesota and northern debatable ground between irrigation and non more northerly portion Wisconsin and Michigan, regions which are irrigation. consideration The moisture-laden currents meet and of this rainfall. Leaving consequently chain, a now needs the of cooling eastern them, part of agriculture. This This the limit There is the The location of this belt is not the northwestern greater the part extent in the winter time, difference in temperature » of the area under eastern Kansas In this region the proportion of forest the annual rainfall, shows the relations subsisting between them. W ith the This is slight, covered with forests, while the prairie regions inducing a comparatively light precipitation in south of them enjoy fully as great, and in most ture enters as a qualifying term, inasmuch as the dry season. localities, a slightly greater, rainfall. the evaporation in a hot climate counts as mountains of the Cascade Range and the The occurrence of prairies is, in the main, much against agriculture as rainfall counts for Sierra Nevada, these air currents are drained dependent upon the degree of moisture of the it. Moreover, the manner of distribution of the of their last drops of moisture, and blow over climate. rainfall during the year also has an effect upon the plains and plateaus to the eastward as a certain point, grasses and other forms of the location of this belt. dry winds. vegetation suited to the climate spring up to determined by the rainfall alone. A Tempera light annual the difference is but In passing over the high If the amount be diminished below rainfall may be amply sufficient for agricultural From the map it is seen that the sugar and needs, in case all of it falls during the Spring rice regions of the South are almost entirely causes, such as in a moister region, have little and Summer months. Both these qualifying within the area enjoying a rainfall greater than or but a temporary effect, then suffice to check terms tend to throw this semi-humid belt to fifty-five inches annually, and that the cotton tree-growth. the west of the isohyetal lines, in the northern of the country is raised where the rainfall tions, permanently destroy woodlands; diseases part of the country, and east of them in the exceeds forty-five inches; that wheat and other spread southern part. cereals flourish without irrigation in the northern wide-spread injury. 1 contest the occupancy of the soil. Slight Forest fires, under such condi rapidly and produce permanent and In short, trees, not being PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. xxiii as well suited to the environment as other climate, the temperature and the elevation of vegetation, the surrounding country. give way in the struggle for In general, scarcely be felt in the forests, as far as their influence upon climate and soil are concerned. the A existence, and retain their hold on the soil elevation necessary for the existence of forests only in certain favored localities. is decidedly less in the northern than in the almost southern parts of the Cordilleran region. timber, yet to-day this region is the same Between latitudes 390 and 430 the prairie , The forests of northern entirely Maine have been depleted of their valuable region, this battle-ground between trees and Below the forests, on the middle plateaus forest-grown lacustrine country that it was a grasses, has a great breadth, extending east and in the mountain valleys, the prevalent century ago, before its great pines had been ward into Indiana. South of it the rainfall is growth is artemisia (“ sage-brush”), interspersed transformed into the masts and spars of ships. sufficient to turn the balance in favor of forests, to a greater or less degree with “ bunch” grass, while northward, the slight decrease in rainfall and grading off in the more arid localities, and N a tu ra l G ro u p in g o f th e States. is more than offset by the colder climate and upon the lower plateaus, into cacti, yucca, and — In the discussion of the subjects embraced consequently decreased evaporation, aided, no sterility. in this work, it has been found necessary to doubt, by the lacustrine character of the adopt some characteristic mode of grouping the R e la tio n o f Forests to Clim ate. states and territories. The country has long ago — The influence of forests is, in certain respects, outgrown the old, time-honored groups with decided and salutary. W hile their presence which we have been familiar from childhood, the scene has had the effect of turning the does not increase the amount of rainfall in the known as the New England, Middle, Southern scale in favor of arborescent vegetation. The least, it tends to economize that which falls, and W estern states. cultivation of the soil of this level region preventing it from flowing directly off into the arrangement which classes New York, Penn increases its capacity for retaining moisture; streams, and thereby lessens the violence of sylvania and New Jersey among the “ M iddle” country. The prairie region, however, is fast disap pearing. The advent of civilized man upon To-day it is a curious forest and prairie fires have states, ceased; and, further, thou and Illinois in the “ W est.” sands upon of Moreover, the group hereto acres of have been fore known as the “ W estern’ planted. the thousands trees The result is that states, eastern part of what and is Ohio, not Indiana only vastly larger than all the others was fifty years ago a prairie combined, but contains more region than half the population and would scarcely be recognized as such to-day. nearly half the wealth of the country. From the ill-defined west ern border of the prairies, the The grouping adopted in monotonous indulations of this work is that proposed the great plains stretch to the by base of the Rocky mount used in its publications. ains. is illustrated in the accom The rainfall of this office and It panying map. region is not sufficient for forest-growth, and, with the As exception of narrow belts of timber along some the Census main streams, or an occasional pine on the floods. face of a rocky bluff, surfaces seen, this primarily, into three great leaf- divisions, corresponding roughly to the primary temperature topographic divisions of the country, viz.: the neighborhood of Atlantic region, the region of the great valley of the toilsome journey the forests, and they break the force of winds the Mississippi, and the western or Cordilleran across the plains, emigrants traveled for weeks which otherwise might develop into destructive region. together without the grateful sight of a tree. tornadoes. In these and many other ways the then divided by a line running approximately The “ bunch” or presence of forests tends to mitigate the ex east and west, following Mason’s and Dixon’s “ buffalo” grass, which, in the more arid regions, tremes of climate, and to neutralize its ill-effects. Line, the Ohio river and the southern boundary gives place to artemisia, cacti, yucca and other It is, beyond question, desirable to preserve treeless. the whole area is In the early days, before the iron horse had shortened country is covered with growths characteristic of the desert. Evaporation be scheme divides the country, GROUPING OF THE STATES. of the will doubtless slightly in the from the myriad lowers immediate the Each of the two eastern divisions is of Missouri. These lines divide the states into so much of our forests as may be required to Throughout the broad belt of mountains groups which differ from one another very serve the purposes indicated above. decidedly, in respect to topography, climate, A s yet, and plateaus known as the Cordilleran region, however, even in the most densely settled population, timber growth is a direct result of the joint regions, it does not appear that the forests have conditions. action of rainfall and Those been so depleted as to cause material damage. mountains and plateaus which are sufficiently Our lands are nowhere laid waste by drought divisions differ materially. high to induce a supply of rainfall adequate to due to this cause, nor are our streams subject to that the two Atlantic groups the needs of trees are clothed with forests. greater floods to-day than a hundred years ago. original thirteen states with those formed from The elevation necessary to ensure these con Although, at the present rate of cutting, the them— Maine, Vermont and W est Virginia— ditions ranges widely in different parts of this days of our merchantable timber of original and the single addition of Florida. region, depending upon the local aridity of growth are limited, yet the loss of this will states were settled during the colonial period. temperature. material interests and social From a historical point of view, also, these It will be seen comprise the These SCRIBNER'S STA TISTICAL A TLAS. XXIV The states of the Northern and Southern people, or more than one-half of the entire greater Central groups have been settled and organ urban population, are North produced in the country is raised in the ized, without Atlantic group, and 213, comprising 3,663,843 Northern Central states, while became independent of Great Britain; while people, group; southern sections 99.6 per cent, of the cotton the greater part of the Western group is while in the two Southern sections combined and all of the sugar cane and rice of the still in an unsettled, or but sparsely settled there are but 78 cities and towns, comprising country are produced. condition. only 1,825,832 inhabitants. exception, since the country The North Atlantic and Northern Central in the found in the Northern Central per cent., of the cereals in the two The differences in topography, rainfall and Similar marked differences exist in regard so generally understood, that it is unnecessary to material interests. Southern groups by the character of the popu section has as - its primary interest a large lation. North of the divisional line are found proportion of the manufactures of the country. The W estern group is distinguished from not less than 85.8 per cent, of the foreign born In the Northern Central group, also, manu the others by its topography— comprising, as it population; while, on the other hand, south of factures of does, the great Cordilleran plateau— by its arid it, 90.5 per cent, of the negro element resides. industry; while in the two Southern groups climate, and great extremes of temperature, by The distribution of urban and rural popu they are of comparatively little importance, its present sparse population, and its inability lation is remarkably different in the different the agricultural interests being much more ever sections. prominent. W hile agriculture is the leading by the occupations of its inhabitants, which and industry in the Northern Central group, as are mainly mining and stock raising, with containing well as in the Southern groups, the character comparatively of the products is altogether different. manufacturing interests. towns over Out of a total of 580 cities and of in four the thousand United population States, 12,936,110 persons, 266, comprising 6,960,766 a very North Atlantic temperature existing between these groups are groups are sharply distinguished from the two are The part, 71 important branch The to specify them here. to support a dense insignificant population, agricultural and and lOlLongitude 99 West from 97 05 Greenwich 93 W in n ip eg ’the W ood\ Si ckf1v-^ -A : °m bina *Z'ZLake i^TWN ^S hs». w r a fljf 'n 8w ortfr Jjalluli BERTHOLD ran d F o ri > e ”1 f G r a o l 1’0' ' W< s^ L a fc e R ed L ake X ro o k sto n • W 'f G n iv i l^ d o (tro it C ltW M o u re ' Aede br en A lp e n a ' SSED I ST W PF AE R tN C lu bA O E o mia' .Bt St.Clout [ i S E 0 ' TY [ lw a te r 1 [(.w a rd .; I ONE'D*^Green i jF e t.MiiiU o wIwti Du o '£ / „ B&< «w [F U S ully L e S ue i 1 L a k e C it] ,P e n tw S ^ Ui'1/i.» •*'••••■ :...•,. vitie'"-1 ' \B ig Broolrinf 8 L A C: 7\R ochester^S t.C h a rles laini'i-rl -4'«jL. C h a tfie lc M itc h t p - ^ n t a u k P t. j-, - B a rab o o ^ F e tte rto i p > § | JT a ro . iS -u w Jk } 8 L o % IBrSm bwjfrlc * ^ ”dy:H o6k y ; ftra ra ,S a e C ity O ’N e il [ r?*5 ov •on J p A m ] S TO SS' l- 'i r Fe 0] r m1 1 C lister A R ani fo rth P l a tte G ra n d I s la j ' K e a rn e y A “v gE h ./ . p ralm 7 " /^ z j u f [lo o m in g * 0 0 fc^ eley \ We ilb r ® ^H uVboh U d C loud |V f/1 £ I N G F I ei p a lm y r t l\\\Bboro_ Columbus] !, I l i a w u t l i iM erced* jjjiington | hi iuiyijso, ^ C h e s te r p re 8 toul S g a h1 a uc e .n "^gStyvnu -CwyV- ib .m ’^aS av e^ '0 r 0 S'*P G reen v illas \ \ G la ^ o w _ Ol'r\»™ to> ^ r a n tlln In |d ep en d e -ftlim’y Sd i-ensboro Ion-C ity O L eb am lO S A f E h ' ,H v n -b ' ito n v ille . T e llv ille ■(ju ru ’a/i n L •^ Jackson C R E E“>K O k m u lg e e 0 k/''*-/ v -v M uacogt C O uV ^vR Y R R A P A. > ^ ^ ^ C A A l a r l r /c a n sa P s^ - °n S ith m MINOLES ^ Russell "V C o lu m ) \ 1 1 IM T ite tT riJ '» g e r r . - 7 ^/ 1 \ s •L -_ r O V oe h pbxtoffl \ l SniW Y T I'y Ai i T M O U N" "W est ■'Bonham insv e filt? ;o . S a tfn rd M acor i S ilv e r Cy, ^ I j Grrant iC lu b s o mu ilpbur,S •W e a tlie rfo rr In lo u S p ? j ✓ Torest A CK SO N 7Y® g -r. ic nf. av ro b k h a v e i »on^ o Ifc C om b1 A le jra n d t ood'ville TA1 Ahass' .L M e n a r d V. Jpuiv |U S T J A lartlnsX y B re n lit , N e w lb e r u ^ a ld n -B a ] jly e s to ^ : UNITED STATES SHOWING THE [R io G ra n d e C ity PRINCIPAL TOPOGRAPHICAL FEATURES SCALE OF MILES. COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHAR.ES SCRIBNER'S SONS, < GEOGRAPHY PH YSICA L P la te 2 £Bfc® W D irt s 3 -j U j y Q l iu Tn LL.iY1 TEMPERATURE D1 HENRY GANNETT. I LFRO FESr C IT Y PU LIC, B ^yrt.S ith m B e lo w 20° > ^alvestoj 101 from L ongitude 95 Greenwich 1 MEAN TEMPERATURE JA N U A R Y By HENRY GANNETT. 1 ineil Bluff* H .Xtclit&ou • ^ hmbIm ; P Iu v & > 1 B e lo w 20c ' ja c k s ? =r \ f \ ‘VSf .V /V Z r> . I / ' A C i'Y \ Y ir lS l/ W / / ) f t y I L ye/— ( I T r-* >4 - »s .■ OK n r :u ? pfe^JS 101 L o n g itu d e 90 W e»t 87 Greenwich 03 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. 1 * PH YSICA L GEOGRAPHY P la te 3 MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE HENRY GANNETT. 'B is marcL W inona' r CtchTSon P RO ' ES N c c Ltt VSo I -:OrKai.> SCALE OF MILES from 95 Greenwich 93 A /S A HYPSOMETRIC SKETCH / t By HENRY GANNETT. [oorhfiad gSW0 tt 101 Longitude 99____ W est 97 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS. P i> ate 4 PH YSICA L GEOGRAPHY SPRING AND SUMMER RAINFALL By HENRY GANNETT. v p y J ^ : ,p y | j | W | | [ Y 1 £ / u d iA A o i r r “ 4 y i f - ffp p f A A s 1 Y '"'’r •o U n d e r 5 in c h e s «I \ i 0 jpelow \J SCALE OF MILE8 101 Longitude 99____ Went 97 from 95 Greeuwich 93 ANNUAL RAINFALL By HENRY GANNETT. ^aja^S PUBLIC, U n d e r 15 i n c h e s ktA uga* •\.'i S -ii"- w MMni A b o v e 55 SCALE OF MILES 101 Longitud< COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. GEOGRAPHY P late 5 RIVER BASINS (B ased o n th e R e p o rts o f th e T e n th Census.* /S4 )VfrgH K. -II Winona' j ZvV»aci ’ BSyfawhu ^'trt^APOL^ny -M Colorado -A ftanyrf'C0 •PEKA y Seduli; .'Y _ PUBLIC „/(/R Sreeiw '\ ^ lb q e )^ A u u r ,! M E X ^ esV V Jtt’ fJACKS? Areas of the Principal Drainage Basins. (B ased on th e R ep o rts o f th e T e n th Census.) jtA 8 ‘ue «u n SC ALE: Basin S acram en to R iv e r............................... C olum bia R iv e r................................... G reat In la n d B asin............................ C olorado R iv e r............................... T o ta l Pacific a n d In la n d D rainage Sq. Miles 58,824 216,537 228,150 255.040 847,390 100,000 Sq.Miles, 200,000 . O il 400,000 600,000 800,000 jG alvestorf 175,340 M iddle A tla n tic C o ast...................... R ed R iv er o f L o u isian a................... A rk an sas R iv er.................................. Ohio R iv e r........................ ................. M issouri R iv er..................................... Mississippi B asin............................... T o ta l A tla n tic D ra in a g e ................. 61,830 83,020 132,040 900,000 1,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1, 200.000 89,970 185,671 201,720 1,400,000 1,600,000 1,800,000 2 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 SCALE OF MILES from 95 Greenwich $3 FORESTRY. RATIO OF ESTIM A TED T IM B E R S U P P L Y IN CORDS, TO TO TAL AREA. j. -,_Ry HENRY GANNETT. 9 H lk 1S S O . . /h H S bpt 1 a n d u n d e r 5 C o rd s 1 / V 100 C o r d s a n d o v e r , ■* ; l ■ ■ K B wT j MlVCStdll SCALE OF MILES 101 Longitude 99 W ert' 97 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’ S SONS. II—P olitical H istory IN D E X SUPREM ACY OF TO PLATES. P R E S ID E N T IA L E L E C T IO N S , 1840-1880, Plates 9 -1 0 PAR TIES.................................Plate 6 R a t io o f P r e d o m in a n t to T o ta l V o te , b y S ta te s. A n a ly s is o f th e P o p u la r V o te . S u m m a r y o f th e P o p u la r V o t e ; E le c t o r a l V o te . S y n o p s is o f P o litic a l H i s t o r y ; A ttitu d e o f P a r tie s . S u m m a r y o f P r e s id e n tia l E le c tio n s . C o lo n ia l P e rio d . R e tr o s p e c t o f P o lit ic a l P e r io d s . POPULAR VOTE, 1880.......................................... Plate 11 P R E S ID E N T IA L E LE C TIO N S , 1789-1836, Plates 7 -8 R a t io o f P r e d o m in a n t to T o ta l V o te , b y C o u n tie s. A n a ly s is o f th e P o p u la r V o t e , b y S ta te s. S u m m a r y o f th e P o p u la r V o t e ; E le c t o r a l V o te . R a t io o f P r e d o m in a n t to T o ta l V o te , b y S ta te s . A n a ly s is o f th e P o p u la r V o te . S u m m a r y o f th e P o p u la r V o t e ; E le c t o r a l V o te . F o rm a tio n o f the F ed eral C o n stitution. — The union of the British colonies taxa Adams receiving the largest number of the tion on the colonies by act of Parliament. electors’ second votes, became Vice-President. of North America was a natural growth, show The The Anti-federal party had dropped into a ing itself first in New England, and, at length, to taxation in the French and Indian war, including all without the colonies. American W higs, about 1768-9. French and Indian war, first American (and to impose political party opposed afterward representation, took to legislation) silent opposition with the adoption of the Con the stitution. name of The control of the new government W hen the was given to its supporters, and their first work colonies had been governed by the “ colonial dispute came to a settlement by force, those of was to clothe the dry bones of the Constitution system ” retained until a much later period the Tory upholders of the mother-country who with flesh and blood. as European were not coerced or converted were expelled, the duties and powers of Congress and the colonies were leaving the W higs the only American political President, with considerable exactness; in other mere trading stations, to be maintained and party. respects it is largely drawn in outline, and the developed with an exclusive regard to the in the United States, the Articles of Confedera details are left to legislative enactment. interests of the mother-country. They were tion, proposed by the Continental Congress in elaborate provisions for the organization of not to trade to or from other countries without 1777 and ratified by all the states in 1781, was the judiciary, the departments, and the terri the payment of the intermediate duties in home defective in that it gave the central government tories, which have really been only developed, ports; they were to maintain no industries no powers whatever, beyond the natural powers not altered, in succeeding years, are the creation which, in the judgment of the home govern of persuasion possessed by its members. of the first two Congresses. ment, would compete with home industries; could only make requisitions on the states; Constitution and its practical interpretation by they were to be taxed at discretion by the home and the requisitions were so constantly evaded these early Congresses alike proved sufficiently government, without having any representation or disregarded that they became a farce. An elastic to fit the country in all its future growth; in it. A t first, while the commerce and industry abortive constitutional convention at Annapolis, and the country is indebted for both to the of the colonies were unimportant, evasions of called by Virginia in 1786, led to a successful political skill of the almost forgotten Federal the British navigation act and kindred legisla convention at Philadelphia in the following year. party. tion were winked at or unnoticed; but the After four months of secret debate, it framed growth of the colonies, as shown by their the Constitution, which was ratified by eleven possible Government exertions in the French and Indian war, called states during 1787-8, and went into effect at pated by Jefferson and other halting Federalists, instant attention to them. New Y ork city, March 4, 1789. North Carolina the dominant party wisely framed and sent to made to enforce the “ colonial system ” in its ratified it the same year, and Rhode Island in the legislatures for consideration, twelve amend rigor; Massachusetts met it with an assertion 1790. ments in the nature of a bill of rights. of her charter privileges; Parliament undertook Federalists, and thus left to their opponents the them, having been ratified by three-fourths of to alter the charter of Massachusetts; and the somewhat misleading name of Anti-federalists. the states, became a part of the Constitution. the nation. other The British policy toward the policy of Under this system colonies every supported other The attempt was Massachusetts The first form of national government It Its supporters had taken the name of The Constitution defines The The theory of the T o guard the rights of the people against encroachments, antici Ten of The looseness of the national ties which in connected war of the American Revolution, which was to W a s h in g to n ’s A d m in istra tio n s: 1 7 8 9 - 9 7 . — A reference to Plate 7 will end in 1783 with the dismemberment of the show that the electoral vote for Washington was Alexander Hamilton, of New York, secre British empire. (throwing out vacancies) was unanimous both tary of the treasury; and the great purpose of in 1789 and in 1792, a mark of national confi the Constitution, in their opinion, was to make dence given to no other candidate since. a real national system possible. forcible resistance. Distinct Thus began, in 1775, the political feeling appeared with the attempt of the British ministry, after the John the states in 1789 was painfully evident to the Federal leaders, at whose head Hamilton’s SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS. XXVI outline plan was to create national interests, this seemed to the Republicans to have been 1798, and renewed in 1799, after they had which should extend to all the States, and purchased by a practical commercial alliance been repudiated by all the other states which furnish a safeguard against the dissolution with Great Britain at the expense of France. passed upon them. of the Union. W ith this design, and under The close of W ashington’s second term left asserted the right of the states to veto uncon Hamilton’s leadership, the party passed the the country with a completely organized party stitutional legislation by Congress. first tariff law, “ to encourage manufactures,” of opposition, based rights, and case of Madison’s Virginia resolutions, the transformed the state war debts of the Revo strongest in the Southern States. It was not veto intended seems to have been clearly that lution into a national debt, and chartered a yet however, to carry the of “ the states” in a Federal convention; in a Bank of the United States. T o some of the presidential election of 1796, in which the Fed the case of Jefferson’s Kentucky resolutions, party, headed by Jefferson, the secretary of eralists succeeded in electing Adams, through it is difficult to resist the conviction that the state, these measures seemed only insidious the assistance of two unexpected “ nullification ” spoken of was meant to be that attacks on the legitimate jurisdiction of the votes from the South. states, and an assumption of powers not given strong enough, The on state electoral Both sets of resolutions In the of a single state, and is not to be distinguished discussion of slavery had not yet from that afterward advocated by Calhoun. A better weapon in the hands of the The states reached the bitterness which was to mark it had been, up to this time, the only instruments afterward; and the first fugitive slave law was Republican leaders than nullification resolu of republican government in the country, and passed in 1793 without any great opposition. tions, was the popular indignation aroused by to Congress by the Constitution. the enforcement of the sedition law; and it was Jefferson’s section of the party, as upholders J o h n A d a m s5 A d m in istra tio n : 179 7-18 0 1. — The French Directory under re-enforced by a split in the dominant party. took to neutralize the Jay treaty by refusing to officers were fostering the war feeling for the taken by receive an American minister, and permitting benefit of Hamilton’s political ambition; and he revolutionary France, as the enemy of kings the capture of American merchant vessels by began negotiations for peace without consulting and privileged classes in European countries. their navy. them. Not only were the Republicans inclined to very effectual in the case of the weaker states the French government, promptly seconded the believe that the treaties of 1778 bound the of Europe, furnished the opportunity which effort, and peace was made. United States to aid France in a defensive war; the Federal leaders desired to revive their of 1800, Hamilton’s supporters did not feel or a new faction appeared under the name of waning influence. A wave of war feeling ran show great enthusiasm for Adams, the Federalist Democrats, who imitated the wildest follies throughout the country; the Republican leaders nominee, and the Republican electors were in of the Jacobins, and held that the United States were either silenced or won over to the war the majority. were bound to assist France in all wars, policy, and the control of the Federal party names, without distinguishing his vote offensive seemed again as absolute as in 1789. The President and Vice-President, Jefferson and clamation of neutrality between France and treaties with France were declared at an end; Burr, the candidates nominated by the caucus her enemies united the Republicans and the the army and navy were increased; the navy of Republican senators and representatives in Democrats into one party of opposition. Its department was organized; and permission to Congress, were a tie in the electoral vote; but formal title then became Democratic-Republi United States vessels to capture French vessels the Federalist House of Representatives chose can, though as began a state of quasi war with France, in which Jefferson President, after a struggle by some either the little American navy had unbroken success. of their number to choose Burr. from 1812 until Other items in the Federalist programme of state rights, took the distinctive name of Republicans, about 1792. This party division was tinged with addi tional bitterness by the attitude or Republican defensive. it was until W ashington’s pro commonly about 1812, Democratic or Republican known as about 1829, and as Democratic thereafter. Its These tactics, which had been were not so wisely calculated. The French The President came to believe that his cabinet Napoleon, who was now at the head of In the election A s each elector voted for two for Before the next election, the twelfth amendment to the Constitution required each elector to specify main doctrine has been a strict construction revolutionists had commonly made great use his vote of the powers granted to the General Govern of agents, volunteer or paid, in the process President. ment by the Constitution; but it has been of “ revolutionizing” another country. led repeatedly, by party expediency and the agencies seem to have been used in the United growth of the country, to broaden its construc States, and, although with no great success, J e ffe rs o n ’s A d m in is t r a tio n s : 1801-09. — Jefferson was the first President tions of these powers. they furnished a ground for the passage of inaugurated at Washington, to which place several doubtful or dangerous statutes by the the national capital had been transferred from Federalists. Philadelphia in 1800. The one union party was of the two hastened by elements the into “ W hisky for President and also for Vice- Such The time of residence necessary His first administration The for naturalization was increased; the President was so successful that he was re-elected in exercise of the novel excise power by Congress was authorized to banish or arrest any alien 1804 by a largely increased electoral majority. provoked whom he should judge to be a dangerous This success was ascribed by his opponents character; and the publication of language partly to “ proscription ” and removal of office opposition believed that the insurrection had calculated to bring the Government or its holders by the President; but such removals been provoked intentionally by Hamilton, in officers were really few, and seem to have been intended order to force the first resistance to Federal offence. authority to show itself on unfavorable ground. statutes would have made party opposition influences. A impossible, and Jefferson hurried to array the support was state legislatures against them. which has been fully considered in the chapter Insurrection” in western Pennsylvania. an insurrection near Pittsburgh, which was suppressed by a militia levy. The new point of sympathy was the treaty concluded Britain. by Chief-Justice Jay with Great It gave American commerce into The contempt was rigid made a penal enforcement of these Under the rather as possible precedents than as direct His strongest appeal to popular the acquisition of Louisiana, ten guidance of himself and Madison, the K en on T erritorial C hanges (page xxxiii). years’ security during the wars in Europe; but tucky and Virginia resolutions were passed in years afterward, in 1807, Fulton’s invention of Four POLITICAL HISTORY. XXVll the steamboat, indefinitely increased the value but both obtained security by the brilliant Congress had failed to prohibit it. of Louisiana and of all the West. sea fights which marked the war. had been admitted as a slave state; but the A nation Louisiana in application of Missouri for admission on a A s Hamilton had desired a desperate ship duels with the hitherto invinci like basis aroused opposition, and the whole national debt, as an instrument of national ble British frigates, had little need for treaty North, with Delaware, united against it. union, stipulations as to its seamen’s rights on the the “ Missouri Compromise” of 1820, however, ocean. Missouri was admitted as a slave state; but Unwise economy was the curse of Jefferson’s administrations. Jefferson desired to extinguish lest it should breed a privileged class. it, To this purpose every other interest had to give way. whose frigates could hold their own The political consequences of the war were most important in domestic relations. Reliance on a navy was abandoned, The Federal party had degenerated into a By the rest of the Louisiana territory, north of latitude 36° 30', was declared forever free. although the American navy had just proved mere party of factious opposition. It opposed A scheme of the “ H oly A lliance” of Euro its quality again by crushing the piratical indiscriminately the purchase of the territory pean sovereigns to aid Spain in recovering powers of Barbary; and the “ gunboat system,” of Louisiana, the Embargo, the admission of her revolted American colonies, was balked of relying for coast defense on small and the state of Louisiana, the war, and every by exasperatingly useless gunboats, and of aban other administration measure; in 1812 it sup most effectively re-enforced by a passage in doning ocean commerce to its fate, became ported Clinton, whose main charge against the Monroe’s the touchstone of faith in the dominant party. Administration was its inefficient prosecution declared The same policy governed in every depart of the considered ment; and England leaders seem to have entertained a The prospects of a trans-Atlantic expedition, closed he design of seceding from the Union. They which would have to run the gauntlet of both country in a most hopeful condition, while succeeded in inducing the legislatures of three the English and American navies, were not its power of self-defense against the insolence states to send delegates to Hartford, Con considered good, and the design was aban of the European belligerents was almost null. necticut, to consider the state of the Union; doned. Napoleon, by successive decrees, provoked but the action of the Hartford convention the pronounced objection of the United States Great to extraordinary excesses in was carefully kept within legitimate bounds, received respectful recognition from the great and powers. when left Britain searching Jefferson’s the neutral balance vessels, second sheet and of term the prohibiting war. the only In 1814, result some was of its an New ineffective Great Britain’s annual that refusal to join message any such of 1823. in it, He attempt would be unfriendly to the United States. This was the first instance in which The “ Monroe Doctrine,” that no neutral trade with France; and Great Britain protest against the methods of the party in European power shall overthrow any recog was quite willing to be provoked. power. nized form of government on the American W hen the British policy had gone so far as practically to On the other hand, uncontrolled power compel all American merchant vessels to stop broadened the governmental theories of the in England and pay duties there, it became dominant party. It chartered a new Bank of The absence of an opposition party resulted intolerable; yet the only measure of the United States in 1816, and in the same in what was known, among all the contestants, retaliation proposed by the Administration was year passed a protective tariff, and began to as the “ scrub race for the presidency” in 1824. the Embargo, which prohibited American com incline evidently toward a scheme of internal A ll the candidates were nominally Republicans. merce on the ocean. improvements on a national scale. The war No one received a majority of the electoral but the intensity of the opposition to it in New had built up American manufactures rapidly, vote, and the choice went to the House of England, the commercial section, seemed to be and the hopes of the manufacturers for pro Representatives, where Clay’s friends helped running so rapidly toward forcible resistance tection elect Adams. that it was replaced in 1809 by the Non-inter- them course law, which prohibited commerce with its broad construction Great Britain and France. stronghold and It became a law in 1807; against English competition, threw into the ruling party and increased tendency, while continents, has passed into a settled rule of foreign policy for all parties. Calhoun was chosen Vice- President without serious opposition. the almost hopeless expedient, and, in the event England was steadily growing weaker. After J o h n Q u in c y A d a m s’ A d m in is tra tio n : 18 2 5-9 . — Monroe had latterly of its failure, there was an ineffectual attempt to resist the election of inclined more and more strongly toward a Monroe as Madison’s successor, the Federal broad construction policy, particularly in the party ceased to exist, even in form; and its matter of internal improvements; Adams and M a d is o n ’ s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n s : 18 0 9 -17 .— The Non-intercourse law pro members his secretary of state, Clay, declared positively divisions to enroll themselves as members of in favor of it. vided that it should stand repealed as to either the now universal Republican party. all the elements of strict construction into an Even this was an no other remedy than war. of took the Federal advantage party of in New Republican belligerent which would rescind its offensive This was enough to crystallize opposition party, which took Jackson as its most available leader. No means of party of his decrees, while continuing to enforce M o n r o e ’s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n s : 18 17 -2 5 ,— This long period was one of warfare by them, and the law was repealed as to France. political stagnation. A portion of it is often Jackson’s popularity, the cry of “ bargain and Great Britain refused to rescind, and war was called the “ era of good feeling,” as if lack corruption” between Adams and Clay at the declared against her in 1812. of party contest were good feeling. The only last election, and even the promise of offices and Sailors’ Rights,” contest was a demoralizing struggle for office under the new administration, were used as the first phrase referring to freedom of com between individuals and factions of the one party weapons with success. Adams refused to merce remaining party. employ his powers of appointment and removal decrees. Napoleon made a delusive revocation cry was “ Free Trade from foreign The popular war interference, not to domestic customs duties, and the latter to the was neglected the opposition; Slavery had been introduced by custom and to further his own re-election, and was defeated. Neither sanctioned by law, under Spanish and French His supporters took the name of National object was recognized in the treaty of peace, domination, in the territory of Louisiana, and Republicans, while the “ Jackson men ” took impressment of American seamen. SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS. XXV111 The differentiation of the hopes of all who opposed slavery had been W higs were determined to accomplish. old name, and the introduction of the new limited to “ gradual abolition;” Garrison and violent quarrel ensued between himself and element, were both significant. his followers now began to urge “ immediate his abolition” upon slaveholders. office. that of Democrats. They used the party, lasting throughout his term A of This conflict helped to give the presi J a c k s o n ’s A d m in is tr a tio n s : 18 2 9 -3 7 .— Nominations by party conven anti-slavery dential election of 1844 to the Democrats; pamphlets and newspapers; they held public Clay received his third defeat for the office of tions, which had been introduced into state meetings in the North; and they petitioned President, but the election was one of the politics about 1825, were brought into national Congress for the prohibition of slavery in the closest in our history, and was decided by the politics in 1832. District of discussion of few thousand votes for the Abolition candidates the pseudo democratic notion of “ rotation in slavery at once took on a bitterness which in New York, which gave the electoral votes office,” the appointment and removal of public it had not known before, since it now had a of that state to the Democratic candidates. servants for party reasons; and this, added to definite meaning. The Jackson had also introduced the new convention system, at once produced mails for the transmission Columbia. The of The material prosperity of the country was Democratic national convention had declared in favor of the annexation of Texas, The development of the West, by and Congress, immediately after the election, dangerous antagonist, the Bank of the United railway and steamboat, had begun; and the passed an annexation resolution, which was States; but the bank was driven into politics receipts from public land sales were so great signed by and destroyed. that the public debt was paid off, and a surplus entered the Union. the “ machine.” Against it there was but one A bill to re-charter the bank was passed by Congress, but the President unusual. Tyler. Texas accepted it, and of $28,000,000 was divided among the states. P o lk ’s A d m in is tr a tio n : 18 4 5-9 . vetoed it, and the bank could never again — The war with Mexico, which followed the T o hurry its dissolution, the President, V a n B u re n ’s A d m in istra tio n : 1837-41. — Multitudes of “ wild cat banks,” through the secretary of the treasury, removed without capital or legal supervision, had arisen of a vast extent of new territory, stretching the national to take the place of the Bank of the United from Texas to Oregon. placed them in state banks; but the House States; and of the war, the Oregon boundary dispute with of Representatives supported him even in this, western lands. and the bank ceased to exist as a Govern ordering land agents to take only gold and purchase of ment institution when its charter expired in silver, had been issued by the treasury, and the remaining northern territory, in 1853, gave the 1836. paper money flowed back for redemption. United States a final territorial status, which his opponents so arbitrary and lawless that The result was the “ panic of 1837,” and a has not since been altered except by the pur they at once took the name of W higs, as if distress so general that the W higs used it with chase of Alaska in 1867. contending against a royal power which “ had success to overthrow their opponents in the The Mexican acquisition again brought up increased, was increasing, and ought to be “ log cabin and hard cider campaign” of 1840. the question of slavery, for a large party at the diminished.” Just before the election the Democrats suc North would not agree to vote for the appro ceeded, after a three years’ struggle, in passing priation for the purchase unless the “ W ilm ot extended by acts of Congress in 1824 and the Sub-treasury law. Proviso” was added, forbidding slavery in the 1828; and South Carolina, under Calhoun’s between the Government and the banks, putting new territory. lead, declared it null and void within that state. collecting and disbursing officers under bonds of a new party, the Free Soil party, in the Jackson, in his “ nullification proclamation,” for the safe-keeping of public moneys. election of 1848, but the W higs took advantage secure a majority in the House of Representa tives. deposits from the bank, and A ll Jackson’s proceedings seemed to The protective system had been further their notes were used to buy In 1836 the “ specie circular,” It broke off connection annexation of Texas, resulted in the acquisition Just at the outbreak Great Britain had been settled by treaty. a small portion of The Mexico’s The proviso became the basis had of Taylor’s popularity, nominated him, and would flow if the laws were resisted; and the become so offensive to Southern members that defeated both the Democrats and Free Soilers. ordinance of nullification was unofficially sus it was agreed, in 1838, to table them in future During their term of power, the Democrats had pended until a compromise tariff, decreasing without reading or discussing them. This been forced to yield in the reception of aboli by stated percentages for ten years, was framed interpretation of the right of petition resulted, tion petitions; but they had re-enacted the and passed. The ordinance was then repealed, of course, in greatly increasing the number Sub-treasury law, which has remained in force and though the nullifiers claimed a triumph, of the petitions and the bitterness of the anti since, and had enacted a tariff for revenue nullification, pure and simple, disappeared from slavery conflict. only, which was not increased until 1861. American politics. and for some years it was not quite safe to warned the people of the state that blood The abduction of W illiam Morgan, who had revealed the secrets of Freemasonry in Anti-slavery petitions to Congress Mob violence was added; hold an abolition meeting in very many parts of the North and W est. T a y lo r - F i l lm o r e A d m in is t r a tio n : 18 4 9 -5 3 . — California, in which gold had been discovered, applied for admission as western New York, had produced a strong a free state, and such a practical application of Jackson and Clay were M arriso n -T yler A d m in is tra tio n : 1841-5 .— The new President, Harrison, died both Freemasons, and the anti-Masons made a few weeks after his inauguration, and the Southern members. separate nominations for the presidency in Vice-President, Tyler, a State Rights W hig, a year, the “ compromise of 1850” was agreed They then subsided into the W hig who had been nominated by the W higs to gain upon. party, but their influence gave the nomination votes at the South, became President. After fornia; a prohibition of the slave trade in the to Harrison thereafter, instead of to Clay. signing a bill to repeal the Sub-treasury law, District of Columbia; the organization of the he vetoed two bills to re-establish the Bank territories of Utah and New Mexico without of the United States, a measure which the mention of slavery; the payment of $10,000,000 anti-Masonic party in neighboring states. 1831. New York and the This period was marked by an entirely new phase of anti-slavery feeling. Hitherto, the the W ilm ot proviso was very offensive to the After a debate of nearly It comprised the admission of Cali POLITICAL HISTORY. XXIX to Texas for a shadowy claim to a part of the slaveholders that negro slaves were property, Mexican acquisition, and a stringent fugitive not persons, under the intent of the Consti L in c o ln ’ s A d m in is tr a tio n : 1861-5 .— The new President, while admit slave law. These measures, originally united tution; that Congress was bound to defend ting the right of revolution in case of intolerable in one “ omnibus bill,” were separated and slaveholding in the territories, and that slavery oppression, denied the right of secession; but passed could be prohibited only by the people of a he announced that the Government would be state. content with securing and re-possessing its in September, Taylor’s death. 1850, shortly after The fugitive slave law, one This merely hastened the race between of hateful form and doubtful constitutionality, the free state and pro-slavery men in Kansas forts was officially accepted by both the Democratic for the control of the Kansas state organization. force the mails or public service on unwilling and W h ig parties in 1852. The states. This destroyed the latter, by an unscrupulous maneuver, and other property, and would not In April the status quo was broken by W h ig party, for it alienated the Northern wing, obtained the insertion of a pro-slavery clause the capture of Fort Sumter, in Charleston and did not retain the Southern wing. The in the Lecompton constitution, against the will harbor by the Confederate forces. Democrats obtained a victory in the presidential of the mass of the inhabitants, and sent it to Government called for volunteers to suppress election of that year, and their party was again Congress. desired the individual resistance to the laws; the Con the only national party in the United States. admission of Kansas as a slave state, under federate States declared war against the United this constitution; but Douglas, with most of States, and the question of state sovereignty P ie rc e ’s A d m in istratio n : 1853-7. the Northern Democrats, refused to follow the and the right of secession was brought to — The culmination of the anti-slavery struggle administration, and the Lecompton constitution the began in 1854 with the organization of the was sent back to the people of Kansas, under secession of four of the border states, North territories of Kansas and Nebraska. Both these the English This Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee and Arkansas, territories were free soil by the Missouri com division in the Democratic party widened into which joined the Confederacy rather than aid promise, but the organizing act declared that a complete breach in their national convention in “ coercing” its members. Congress had no constitutional authority to of i860, at Charleston. The Southern dele The military, naval and financial events of make that compromise, and that the people gates withdrew and nominated Breckinridge, the gigantic war which followed are beyond of the territories were to decide the existence on a platform asserting the duty of Congress our province; its politics are too great to be of slavery among them. to protect slavery in the territories. complex. Civil war in Kansas The administration bill, and voted down. The rest last test. The issue The Federal resulted in the A t the outset, the population of the accompanied immigration, for both North and of the convention re-assembled at Baltimore North was South hurried settlers into the territory, and and nominated Douglas, simply promising sub war and the dominant party promoted this each party soon had its own organization, the mission to the decisions of the Supreme Court. unanimity by taking the name of Union party, free state men a state government, and the The instead of that of Republican. pro-slavery men a territorial government; and platform asserting the duty of Congress to sup there was a strong feeling among Democrats neither yielded obedience to the rival organiza press slavery in the territories. The remnant that the war could have been averted by a tion. Federal Government took sides of the W h ig and American parties, under new Federal convention; and a portion of them against the free state men, and dispersed their the name of the Constitutional Union party, were “ Peace Democrats,” utterly opposed to organization with an armed force. Debates in nominated Bell, giving “ the Constitution, the the war ab initio. Congress began to wear an aspect much like Union, and the enforcement of the laws,” as arrests of suspected persons were found or that of Kansas; and the anti-slavery feeling their platform. considered necessary, as the writ of habeas had evidently been brought to a head by this electoral, but not by a popular, majority. The one bill. at the A sudden union of men of all parties North, under the name of Anti- Republicans nominated Lincoln on a Lincoln was chosen by an The election of Lincoln, with the attempt in favor of the Nevertheless, A s the war went on, as corpus was suspended, as conscription was resorted to in default of volunteering, and as to excite a forcible negro the Government was steadily forced into an exodus from Virginia in 1859, were reasons attitude of hostility to slavery, the Democratic members of the House of Representatives, and with party opposed the methods of the war, and, in elected the speaker in 1856. In the presidential secession. election they secured state conventions in the seven successful Republicans, in opposition to the extension of Gulf states, and gained a majority of the with Andrew Johnson as Vice-President; and slavery, they nominated Fremont, and came conventions. then went on, without the Democratic party, though its popular vote startlingly near electing him. submitting their proceedings to popular vote, was little decreased, came out of the contest o f the W higs, commonly called “ Silver Gray not only to pass at its very lowest ebb of political power. W higs,” united with a new secret party, the but to send to Montgomery delegates who American party (or Know Nothings), opposed formed the “ Confederate States of America.” tude of the Government toward slavery was to the easy naturalization of foreigners, and The state conventions ratified the Confederate absolutely neutral. nominated Fillmore. Democrats, who Constitution and adjourned; and their con was impossible for the United States to shut endorsed the principle of the Kansas-Nebraska stituents, without having had any voice in the its eyes to, or restrain its hands from, the act, secured an electoral, though not a popular, matter, were made subjects of a new national vulnerable spot of its adversary. majority for Buchanan. government. a notice Nebraska men, carried a majority of the of that year, under the name of The The remnant of John Brown nearly united Southern slaveholders for desiring Beginning with South Carolina, They The ordinances of secession, President, who denied 1864, the war itself. At The Republicans were in re-electing the President Lincoln, outbreak of the war, the atti of one A s events advanced, it Finally, after hundred days, the Presi equally the right of secession and the right dent issued his Emancipation proclamation, B u c h a n a n ’s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n : 18 5 7 -6 1. — Early in Buchanan’s term the of the Federal Government to coerce states January 1, 1863. which should attempt to secede, managed by Congress proposed the thirteenth amendment decision of the Supreme Court in the Dred inaction to keep the peace until the end of in Scott case upheld the extreme claims of the his term. United States. To make this organic law, 1865, forever abolishing slavery in the SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS. XXX Financial and political necessities committed alienated a part of the dominant party, who, interest. examinations for the the Republican party to the support of a pro under the name of Liberal Republicans, made public service were again attempted. Finally tective tariff in 1860-1, and this has since been common cause with the Democrats, in 1872, for there was peace at the South, for all Federal one of its cardinal tenets. the election of Greeley, a former Republican support had been withdrawn from the recon 1862-3, by the issue of a legal tender paper leader, to the presidency. H e was defeated, structed governments, they had changed hands, currency, the establishment of a national bank and Grant was re-elected. In the election of and the South was solidly Democratic. ing system, and a policy of Government aid to 1876 the Democrats had control of all the were but two breaks in the monotony. Western railways, beginning with the Union Southern states, except South Carolina, Florida 1878 both parties united to remonetize silver, and Central Pacific railroads. and which had been dropped from the coinage in It was followed, in Louisiana, in which the reconstructed governments were only maintained by Federal 1873. troops. Competitive There In In 1878-9, the Democratic majority in J o h n s o n ’s A d m in is tr a tio n : 18 6 5-9 . — The assassination of President Democratic candidate, Tilden, Congress attempted to attach repeals of some was one electoral vote short of a .majority war legislation to the appropriation bills; but Lincoln made Vice-President Johnson his suc without the votes of these states, which were the bills were vetoed, and the majority, not cessor. claimed for him. being two-thirds, was compelled to yield. Johnson’s position and career were The The state returning boards, The H e was a to which had been given an extraordinary election of 1880 turned largely on the tariff, neutral Democrat, elected by Republicans; and power of rejecting county votes, decided that and the Republicans were successful. his term was passed in a quarrel with his party the electoral votes of these states had been cast on the question of reconstruction. for Hayes. parallel with those of Tyler in 1841. a continuation of that of President Lincoln, duty of passing a general law for the canvass G a r f ie ld - A r t h u r tio n : 1881-5 .— The under which four states had already been of votes by the president of the Senate, but had his administration with a quarrel with the two reconstructed, was completed before Congress asserted, since 1817, its right to canvass them New York senators, who asserted a prescriptive met in December, 1865. itself. right to supervise the Federal appointments in His plan, Under it the seceding Congress had never fulfilled its The two houses were now controlled by A d m in is t r a new President began states reorganized their governments, repealed different parties, and could not agree in a can their state. or annulled the ordinances of secession, repudi vass. was shot by a disappointed office-seeker, July 2, ated the war debt, and ratified the thirteenth but with great difficulty, an extra-constitutional 1881. amendment, which thus became a part of the Electoral endured, he Constitution in December, 1865. decision was to be final unless reversed by succeeded by Vice-President Arthur, who gave in which the Republicans had a two-thirds both houses. the country a discreet, uneventful, and highly majority, alter the return sent by the state; and the satisfactory administration. Republican candidates were declared elected. for the dead President, and the universal horror passed additional measures in 1867, over the veto. Congress, reconstruction Under them As the easiest way out of the dilemma, Commission was created, whose It decided that it had no right to In the midst of it, the President After eighty days of agony, manfully died, September 19. He was The general liking Politics were given a most unpleasant tinge at his taking off, opened the eyes of the people by the appearance of a great number of public to the fundamental iniquity of the vaunted sys fifteenth scandals, frauds in Pacific railroad construction tem of “ rotation in office,” which had been the amendment in 1870, made these measures a (Credit Mobilier), in the payment of whisky moving cause of the assassination. part of the organic law. taxes, and in the Indian bureau. A n attempt reacted on the politicians at once; and it was the President and Congress caused the passage to strike at their root was made by introducing as difficult in 1884 to find a politician pro of the Tenure of Office bill, over the veto, in the principle of competitive examination for fessedly opposed to civil service reform, as in 1867, for the purpose of limiting the power of appointment to office; but Congress did not 1880 to find one professedly in favor of it. rem oval; and the President was impeached for acquiesce, and refused to continue the neces The competitive system was put in force in the violating it in 1868, in the case of Secretary sary appropriation. whole of Grant’s national service by Congress and the President, Stanton, but was acquitted. second term was covered by a severe financial and was also adopted in the service of the panic, caused by extravagant railroad building. larger states, and even in their cities. the right of suffrage was secured to the freedmen, and the ratification amendment in 1868, and of the fourteenth of the The quarrel between The This result G ra n t’s A d m in istra tio n s: 18697 7 .— The work of reconstruction was com One of its consequences was the appearance of The economic condition of the South has a new party, the Greenback party, which pro made it clearly evident to its own people that pleted in 1870, by the re-admission of the last posed to confine the issue of paper money to the free labor is an enormous of the seceding States; but it did not remain Government, and abolish the banks of issue. slave labor. long undisturbed. improvement on The census of 1880, on which this volume is based, bears abundant testimony Negro suffrage resulted in shamefully corrupt government; and the whites, H ay es’ A d m in istra tio n : 1877-81. not only to the economic welfare of all sections who included all the taxpayers, gradually suc — The term of President Hayes was fortunate of the Union, but to the economic advantage ceeded, by purchase, by terrorism, or by open in being uneventful. of the current of American history, which has violence, Specie payment was resumed by the Govern been governments, and resuming power. Force bills ment in 1879. supremacy and state rights, and the excision were insufficient to stop the process, and only of the public debt was placed at lower rates of in overturning the “ carpet-bag” The panic died away. Over a thousand million dollars toward the conservation of national of the excrescence of state sovereignty. P la te 6 P la te 6 POLITICAL HISTORY SUPREMACY OF PARTIES AND INCREASE OF THE POPULAR VOTE. 1789. 1797. W A S H IN G T O N . H IS T O R Y O F A D M IN IS T R A T IO N - S Y N O P S IS . 1 7 8 9 ,- In a u iju ra tio n a t New Y o rk C ity , A p r il 30. T h e a b o litio n o f slavery discussed. T h e b ill o f r ig h ts (te n c o n s titu tio n a l am endm ents) adopted. A t a r iff fo r revenue and to encourage m anufactures, adopted. T h e seat o f gove rnm ent located. 1790.—T h e p u b lic d e b t o f th e confederation re funded. S tate war debts assumed—$18,271,786. N a tu ra liz a tio n , p a te n t and c o p y rig h t laws, passed. 1791.—D is tille d liquors taxed.—(Resistance in Pennsylvania.) U n ite d S tates B ank chartere d (capital, $10,000,000). 1792.—T he Post Office D e p a rtm e n t organ ized. 1793.—A fu g itiv e slave law passed. W a r w ith E ngland th re a te n e d . 179 4.— 178© . N e u tra lity proclaim ed as to France and Electoral Vote. E n glan d. W h is k e y in s u rre c tio n in Penn W ashington. 69 sylvania. 17 9 5 .—E m bargo la id to oppose A d am s..........34 S c a tte rin g . . 35 V a ca n t.......... 8 T o t a l . . . . . . ..146 B r itis h “ O rde r in C o uncil.” J a y ’ s tre a ty o f commerce, boundary, and claim s w ith G rea t B rita in , ra tifie d . Second n a tu ra liz a tio n law passed. A cab in e t ru p tu re occurred. 1796,—T h e P re s id e n t and House o f Repre sentatives disagreed concerning th e tre a ty w ith G rea t B rita in . A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S . F ed eralist. 1798.—A d v o c a t e d a ta riff. 1790.—A d v o c a t e d : — I n te r n a l revenue. A U n ite d S tates bank. T h e fu n d in g o f th e p u b lic deb t. T h e assum ption o f state war debts. A m ilit ia organiza tio n . 1793.—S ym pathized w ith England. A n ti-F e d e ra l. 1789.—A d v o c a t e d A b i ll o f rig h ts . Electoral Vote. S tate sovereignty. 179 0 .— O p p o s e d th e assum ption o f F ed era l. ..130 state w ar debts. em .-R ep. D e m o c ra tic -R e p u b lic a n . 1793.— S ym pathized D c a tte rin g 98 S 48 w ith France. T o ta l......... 276 i 7© e. “l M O N R O E .— Continued. a to u r o f th e S o uthe rn states, to in spect defenses and to m ake th e ac quaintance of th e people. A g reat fina n c ia l panic. F lo rid a purchased, (consideration, $5,000,000). 1 8 2 0 .—T h e “ E ra o f good fe e lin g ” inaugu ra te d . T h e M issouri com promise b ill passed. A navigation act passed, p rovid ing fo r im p o rts by U n ite d S tates vessels only. A n act passed, closing th e ports o f th e U n ite d S tates against B ritis h vessels fro m B r itis h colonies. 1821.—T h e electoral vote o f M issouri contested. 1 8 2 2 .—A tre a ty o f com merce w ith France, concluded. A n in te rn a l im provem ent b ill, pro v id in g fo r th e preservation and re p a ir o f th e C um ber la n d road, vetoed. T h e independence o f M exico and o f five provinces in S o uth A m erica, fo rm e rly und er th e dom in ion o f Spain, recognized. T h e In d ia n fa c to ry system abolished. 1 8 2 3 .—A tre a ty w ith G reat B r ita in fo r th e suppression o f th e slave trade, ra tifie d . T h e M onroe doctrine prom ulgated. [ “ I t is im possible t h a t th e allie d powers (of Europe) should ex te n d th e ir p o litic a l system to e ith e r (A m erican) c o n tin e n t w ith o u t endangering o u r peace and happiness.” ] 1 8 2 4 ,—A p ro te ctive t a r iff revived. T h ir ty thousand dollars appropriated fo r in te r n a l im provem ents. L a fa y e tte v is ite d th e U n ite d States. A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S . D e m o c ra tic -R e p u b lic a n . A d v o c a te d : ( 1817)— In te r n a l im provem ents; (1819)—th e purchase o f F lo rid a ; (1 8 2 0 )—th e M issouri com prom ise; (1 8 2 3 )—th e M onroe d o c trin e ; (1 8 2 4 )—a con s titu tio n a l am endm ent, ch a n g in g th e m e th o d o f elect 1824. in g th e President. Electoral Vote. Jackson. .. 99 A d a m s ___ 84 C ra w fo rd .. 41 C lay............ 37 T o ta l......... 261 1853. 1825. J. Q . A D A M S . H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . I 8 2 5 . - T h e P resident’ s policy, favor. in g in te rn a l im provem ents, cre a te d a stron g opposition to his a dm in istra tio n . 182 6.—Georgia opposed th e policy o f th e G overnm ent concerning th e rem oval o f th e Creeks. V a rious in te rn a l im provem ents undertaken. A n e x c itin g Congressional debate occurred, on th e question o f sending representatives to th e Panam a convention. A n e ffo rt made to amend th e C o n s titu tio n , by s u b s titu tin g d is tric t fo r ele c to ra l votes in th e choice o f th e P resident. 182 7.—Trade w ith B ritis h ports in th e W est Indies, p ro h ib ite d . T h e G a lla tin tre a ty o f in d e m n ity w ith G reat B rita in , ra tifie d . 1827-8—M any a d d itio n a l in te rn a l im provem ents und ertaken. 1 8 2 8 ,—A h ig h pro te ctive t a r iff act passed, a fte r a b itt e r sectional debate. Free M asonry became an im p o rta n t p o litic a l question. The P resident’ s policy o f m a k in g a p p o in tm e n ts to office w ith o u t regard to p o litic a l sentim ents, proved disastrous to h is personal interests. A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S . D e m o c ra tic -R e p u b lic a n . 1 8 2 5 -1 8 2 6 . — A d v o c a t e d : — The Panam a congress. T he lim itin g o f executive patronage. T he rem oval o f th e Creeks fro m Georgia. 1 8 2 8 .—A d v o c a t e d : —A m ediu m protective ta riff. In te rn a l im provem ents. N a tio n a l-R e p u b lic a n . I t is d iffic u lt to define th e early principles o f th is party. T h e le ad in g po lic y o f th e Clay-Adam s p a rty (later, th e N ational-R epublican ) seems to have been, th e advocacy o f th e Panama congress and o f a h ig h p ro te c tiv e ta riff, and opposition to th e forc ib le rem oval o f th e Creeks fro m Georgia. 1828. Popular Vote. D e m .. 647,231 N. R .. 509,097 T o t a l.l, 156,328 1857. P IE R C E . H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . 1853.—T h e a cqu isitio n o f Cuba a gi ta te d . 1 8 5 4 .—T h e Ostend m anifesto issued. T h e Kansas-Nebraska b ill passed, s e ttin g aside th e M issouri com promise. A tre a ty o f reci p ro c ity w ith England, and a com m ercial tre a ty w ith Japan, concluded. 1855.—T h e C o u rt o f Claim s established. 1856.—C iv il war in aug u ra te d in Kansas. Sum ner assaulted by Brooks. T h e B r itis h m in is te r a t W ash in g to n , and th e B r itis h consuls a t New Y o rk , P h ila d e lp h ia , and C incin n a ti, dismissed. 1857.—T h e t a r iff reduced. A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S . D e m o c ra tic . 1854.— A d v o c a t e d th e Kansas-Nebraska b ill. 1856. — A d v o c a t e d .-—N on-interference w ith slavery in th e te rrito rie s . T h e free navigation o f th e M ississippi. T h e M onroe doctrine. Free trad e. R e lig ious freedom . O p p o s e d P o litic a l secret societies. In te r n a l im provem ents. R e p u b lic a n . 1856.— A d v o c a t e d / —T h e absolute co n tro l o f th e te rrito rie s by Congress. In te r n a l im provem ents. T h e adm ission o f Kansas. A Pacific railroa d. O p p o s e d ; — Polygam y. T h e Ostend m anifesto. T he extension o f slavery to th e te rrito rie s . A m e ric a n , and S ilver G ra y. 1856.—A d v o c a t e d : —A change in th e n a tu ra liz a tio n laws. R e lig ious freedom . Reserved rig h ts o f states. O p p o s e d ; —Suffrage and office-holding by fore ign-born citizens. Geo graphical parties. U n io n betw een c h u rc h and state. Government Losses, by Administrations. BUCHANAN. H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . 1857.—T h e D re d S co tt case decided. B e g in n in g o f a fina n c ia l panic. T h e firs t A tla n tic cable la id. E x p e d itio n sent against th e M orm ons. 1 8 5 8 .—T h e Leco m pton c o n s titu tio n for Kansas tw ice rejected. T he E n g lis h com promise b ill passed. A tre a ty o f a m ity w ith C h ina concluded. 1859.—T h e W y a n d o t c o n s titu tio n fo r Kansas adopted. J o h n B row n’s ra id u n d e rta k e n . I 8 6 0 .—S o uth Caro lin a seceded. T h e P re s id e n t declared th e E xe cutive powerless to pre v e n t secession. M a jo r A nderson rem oved h is com m and to F o rt S u m ter. 1861.—S o u th e rn senators and officers resigned. T h e C ritte n d e n com prom ise defeated. Secession convention h e ld a t M ontgom ery, Alabam a. A peace congress convened a t W ashington. A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S . D e m o c ra tic . 1857.—A p p r o v e d th e D re d S c o tt decision. D o u g la s -D e m o c ra ts . I 8 6 0 . —A d v o c a t e d : —T h e P a cific railroad. A fu g itiv e slave law. T he a c q u is itio n o f Cuba. T h e f u ll p ro te c tio n o f citize ns a t hom e and abroad. T h e in te rp re ta tio n o f c o n s titu tio n a l law by th e Suprem e Court. B re c k ln rld g e -D e m o c ra ts . I 8 6 0 . —A d v o c a t e d : — The unre s tric te d adm ission o f states. T h e p ro te c tio n o f slavery in th e te rrito rie s . T h e P a cific railroa d. The acq u isitio n o f Cuba. A fu g itiv e slave law. T h e f u ll p ro te c tio n o f citizens. R e p u b lic a n . I 8 6 0 . —A d v o c a t e d : —T h e preservation o f th e U n ion. Freedom as th e n a tu ra l c o n d itio n o f te rrito ry . T h e e q u a lity o f a ll m en before th e law. A ta riff. A hom estead law. O p p o s e d : —T he A fric a n slave trad e. T h e r ig h t o f p ro p e rty in persons. A change in th e n a tu ra liz a tio n law. T he Leco m pton cons titu tio n . C o n s titu tio n a l-U n io n . I 8 6 0 . —A d v o c a t e d ; — The C o n s titu tio n . T h e U n io n . T h e preservation o f th e laws. ~S~ JE F FE R S O N . H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . 1801.—In a u g u ra tio n a t W ashington, M arch 4. T im b e r in th e dock-yards sold, and naval ship-b u ild in g stopped. T h e P resident c ritic iz e d fo r p o litic a l removals. W ar against T rip o li (peace declared in 1805). 1 8 0 2 .—A u n ifo rm system o f na tu ra liza tio n established. Spanish In te n d a n t declared th a t th e r ig h t o f deposit a t New Orleans, no lo nger existed. 1 8 0 3 .—Louisiana purchased fro m France (consideration, $15,000,000). E x tra o rd in a ry powers conferred on th e P resi d e n t fo r m a in ta in in g th e fre e navigation o f th e Missis sippi. 1 8 0 4 .—T h e tw e lfth am endm ent o f th e c o n stitu tio n ra tifie d , pro vid in g fo r separate ballots fo r President and V ice-P reside nt. T h e Lew is and C larke expe dition D em .-R ep. 162 started. 1 8 0 5 .—T h e ca rryin g trade received a great im F ed era l. .. 14 T o ta l......... 176 petus, b u t o u r sailors were obliged, ow ing to th e weak ness o f th e navy, to su b m it to gross in d ig n itie s and in sults 1829. F E D E R A L I S T 1861. JO H N SO N ’S ACCESSION. H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . son. T he c iv il w ar term in ate d. ( A p r ilis , 1865.) 1865.—T h e E xe cutive denounced tre a C o n d itio n a l am nesty proclaim ed. T h e f e d Q 1837. revenue am ong th e states ($28,000,000 d is trib u te d ). T h e firs t Comm is sioner o f P a tents appointed. T h e specie c irc u la r issued. A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S . D e m o c ra tic . 1 8 2 9 .— O p p o s e d ; —A U n ite d S tates Bank. In d ia n sovereignty. I 8 3 0 - ’3 I . —A d v o c a t e d in te rn a l im provem ents. 1 8 3 2 .— Opposed n u llific a tio n . 1 83 3.—A d v o c a t e d .-—S tate banks. T he rem oval o f th e deposits. 1 8 3 4 .—A d v o c a t e d a gold and silve r currency. 1835.— A d v o c a t e d th e rem oval o f th e Cherokees. 183 6 . — A d v o c a t e d th e sale of p u b lic lands fo r specie only. Lo co fo co . 1835.— O pposed:—Paper money. Monopolies. As sum ed powers. N a tio n a l-R e p u b lic a n . 1831.— A d v o c a t e d . —In te r n a l im prove m ents. P ro te ctio n . A U n ite d S tates Bank. 1832.— A d v o c a t e d th e divisio n o f th e proceeds o f la n d sales. O p p o s e d th e spoils system. W h ig . 1 8 3 4 .—A d v o c a t e d : —T h e freedom o f re lig io n , speech and press. T h e non-extension o f slavery. U n ive rsa l education and suffrage. T h e divisio n o f th e proceeds o f land sales. A U n ite d S tates Bank. In te r n a l im provem ents. A p ro te ctive ta riff. O p p o s e d .-—R ebellion. T h e paym ent o f gove rnm ent dues in specie. 1836.— A d v o c a t e d : —T h e r ig h t o f p e titio n . Perm ission to circu- rla te anti-slavery docum ents. 1836. T h e p rin cip le s o f th e A n tl-M a s o n iC p a rty (1827Popular Vote. 1834) and o f th e N u llifica tio n p a rty (1831), are D e m .. 761,549 su fficie n tly in d ic a te d by t h e ir names. W h ig . 736.656 ' v' '"1205 e VAN r a l I iala. th ir te e n th c o n s titu tio n a l am endm ent, abo lish ing slavery, ra tifie d . 1866. —T he P resident denounced by his pa rty and supported by th e opposition. T he fo u rte e n th am endm ent, co nferring c iv il rig h ts upon freedm en, passed. A b ill to enlarge th e powers o f th e F reedm an’s Bureau, vetoed. A b ill d e fin in g th e c iv il r ig h ts o f freedm en, passed. T he second A tla n tic cable la id. 1867.— T h e powers o f th e E xe cutive lim ite d by congress. A reconstru ction b ill passed over th e P resident’s veto. A b ill conferring suffrage upon negroes in th e te rrito rie s , passed. A laska purchased (consideration, $7,200,000). 1868.— P o litic a l am nesty proclaim ed. T he fo u rte e n th am e n d m e n t ra tifie d . T h e S ecretary o f W a r (S tanton) re m oved. T h e P resident im peached, trie d , and a cq u itte d . 1869.— T he fifte e n th am endm ent, g ra n tin g universal suffrage, passed. A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S . R e p u b lic a n . 1861.— A d v o c a t e d : —T he suppression o f th e rebel lio n . T h e issue o f greenbacks. A n in te rn a l revenue. A n a tio n a l b a n k in g system. T h e issue o f U n ite d S tates bonds and treasury notes. 1863.— A d v o c a t e d th e em ancipation o f slaves. 1864.—A d v o c a t e d : —A c o n s titu tio n a l am endm ent, te rm in a tin g and p ro h ib itin g slavery. T he paym ent o f th e n a tio n a l debt. T he em plo ym en t o f em ancipated slaves as soldiers. F oreign im m ig ra tio n . O p p o s e d th e p la n tin g o f European power in M exico. 1868.—A d v o c a t e d : —The im p ro ve m e n t o f th e n a tio nal cre d it. T h e red u ctio n o f in te re s t on bonds. T he red u ctio n and e qu ali za tio n o f taxation. D e m o c ra tic . 1864.— A d v o c a t e d a convention o f th e states to con clude a peace. O p p o s e d th e m ilita r y supervision o f elections. 1868.— A d v o c a t e d : —U niversal am nesty. S tate con tro l o f elections. T h e taxa tio n o f bonds. T he re duction o f th e array. O p p o s e d a Freedm an’s Bureau. F E DE RA L s t 1841. BUREN. H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . 1837.—A g reat fin a n cia l panic. T he P resident refused to rescind th e specie circu la r. A n e x tra session o f Congress called by th e P resident, to convene in Septem ber, in response to th e u rg e n t p e titio n o f citizens, p ra yin g fo r general fin a n cia l re lie f. T h e sub-treasury b i ll defeated in e x tra session, and in th e n e x t reg u la r session (1838). 1 83 8.—Congress refused to rescind th e specie circular. N e u tra lity enjoined d u rin g th e Canadian R e bellion . Con gress agreed to ta b le a ll p e titio n s and papers r e la tin g to slavery. 1839. —T he P resident m ade a to u r o f th e p rin c ip a l c itie s and villag es o f New Y o rk. A n e x c itin g debate to o k place in Congress on th e question o f a d m ittin g five W h ig representatives fro m New Jersey. 1 8 4 0 .—T he sub-treasury b ill passed. 1840. Popular Vote. A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S . W h ig 1,275,017 D e m o c ra tic . 1837.—A d v o c a t e d a sub-treasury. D e m ..1,128,702 1 8 4 0 . — A d v o c a t e d ; — S ta te rig h ts . F ree tra d e . A A b o l.. 7,059 revenue equal to necessary expe nditures only. O p Total.2,410,778 p o s e d : —D o u b tfu l c o n s titu tio n a l powers. T h e a g ita tio n o f th e slavery question. T h e assum ption o f state debts by th e G overnm ent. In te rn a l im provem ents. A U n ite d States bank. R e stricte d na tu ra liz a tio n laws. W h ig . 1837.—A d v o c a t e d designation o f sta te banks fo r G overnm ent deposits. A b o litio n . 1839. — A d v o c a t e d th e im m e d ia te a b o litio n o f slavery. 1869. L IN C O L N . H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . 1861— T h e E xe cu tive denied th e power o f a state to secede, and opposed in te rfe re n ce w ith th e dom estic a ffa irs o f th e S outh. F eb rua ry 4.—T h e Confederate S tates o f A m e ric a organized. A p r il 12.—T he firs t gun fire d a t F o rt S u m ter, in a u g u ra tin g th e c iv il war. A p r il 15.—75,000 th re e m o n th s’ m ilit ia called. A p r il 19.—A procla m atio n fo r th e blockading o f S o u th e rn ports, issued. M ay 3, J u ly 22 and 25. —500,000 m en called (700,680 responded, p rin c ip a lly th re e years’ m en). 1862.— M ay 15.—T he D e p a rtm e n t o f A g ric u ltu re organized. J u ly 2.— 300,000 th re e years’ m en called. In te r n a l revenue b ill passed. Polygam y forbidden. T h e U n io n P a cific R a ilro a d chartere d. J u ly 17.—T h e e n lis t m e n t o f negro soldiers authorize d. A u g u s t 4.—300,000 nine m o n th s’ m ilitia called. S e ptem ber 22.— A co n d itio n a l em ancipation proclam ation issued. I863i—J a n u a ry 1.—T he em ancipation procla m atio n issued. F eb rua ry 25.—A B ureau o f C urrency established. T h e n a tio n a l bank in g system established. Ju n e 15.—T h e P resident asked fo r six m o n th s ’ m ilitia (about 13,000 responded). Ju n e 19.—W e s t V irg in ia a d m itte d as a state. J u ly 13.—T h e d ra ft r io t in N ew Y o rk C ity began. S e ptem ber 15.— T h e w r it of habeas corpus suspended. O ctober 17, 1863, and F eb ru a ry 1, 1864.-500,000 th re e years’ m en called. D ecem ber 8.—A n am nesty procla m a tio n issued. D ecem ber 9. — A plan o f re constru ction announced. 1864. —M arch 14.-200,000 th re e years’ m en called. A p r il 23 to J u ly 18.— One h un dre d days’ m ilitia called (about 83,000 responded). Ju n e 28.—T he fu g itiv e slave law repealed. J u ly 18.—500,000 one, two, and th re e years’ m en called. D ecem ber 19.-300,000 one, two, and th re e years’ m en called. 1865,—A p ril 14.—T h e P resident assassinated. (D ied, A p ril 15.) 1817. M A D IS O N . H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . 1 8 0 9 .—A non-intercourse a c t passed. 1810. —Proposal to repeal th e non-intercourse a ct (accepted by France, b u t n o t by E n glan d.) 1812.—T h ird em bargo la id, fo r 90 days. W a r w ith England. R io t in B a ltim o re . The G eneral Lan d Office established. 1813. —T h e e n tire coast blockaded b y th e B ritis h . The war opposed by New England. W a r w ith th e Creeks. 1814. —O pposition to th e G eneral G overnm ent developed in Electoral Vote. New England. 18 15 .—A tre a ty o f peace w ith E n glan d r a ti D em .-R ep. 128 fie d a t G hent. T h e paym ent o f bou n ty to A lgie rs discon F e d e ra l.. . 89 tinue d. 1816.—T h e second U n ite d S tates B a nk chartere d V a c a n t— 1 fo r 20 years. (C apita l $35,000,000.) A p ro te ctive ta riff T o ta l_____ 218 adopted. A b ill fo r in te rn a l im provem ents v e toed. —A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S . D e m o c ra tic -R e p u b lic a n . 1 8 0 9 .—A d v o c a t e d a non-intercourse act. 1811 .— O p p o s e d th e establishm ent o f a U n ite d S tates Bank. 1812.—A d v o c a t e d war w ith England. 1816.—A d v o c a t e d a U n ite d S tates Ba-nk. C lin to n la n s . 1812 — A d v o c a t e d : — A. conquest o f Canada. W ar w ith E n glan d. O p p o s e d ; —Lon g term s o f office. Caucus nom inations. A V irg in ia presid ent. A n o fficia l regency. 1 8 1 (3 . F e d e ra lis t. 1811.— A d v o c a t e d a U n ite d States Electoral Vote. Bank. 1812.— O p p o s e d war w ith England. 1816. — O p Dem .-Rep. 183 p o s e d : —A U n ite d S tates bank. A p rotective t a r iff . [H a r t F ed era l. .. 34 fo rd C o n v e n tio n . 1815.— A d v o c a t e d defence o f state te r V a c a n t 4 rito ry a t th e expense of th e general governm en t. R e c o in - T o ta l......... 221 n tw n r te d seven c o n s titu tio n a l am endm ents, affe ctin g re presentation, taxation, adm ission o f states, commerce, declaration of war, c iv il offices and p re sid e n tia l term s.] T 1845. H A R R IS O N . [P re sid e n t H a rriso n died one m o n th a fte r h is in a u g u ra tio n .] T Y L E R ’S ACCESSION. ( A p r il4 , i84i.) H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . I 8 4 l. - T h e sub-treasury b ill repealed. U u ite d S tates B a nk b ill tw ice vetoed. T he ca b in e t resigned, excep ting W ebster. T h e P resident denounced b y h is party. Im p ris o n m e n t fo r deb t abolished. A gen e ra l b a n k ru p t law passed. T he proceeds o f la n d sales d is trib u te d am ong th e states. 1 8 4 2 .—Custom s d u tie s increased. The A sh burton-W ebster boundary tre a ty ra tifie d . 1 84 3.— 1844. Congress app ro p ria te d $30,000 towards th e Morse Popular Vote. telegraph. A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S . D e m .. 1,337,243 W h ig 1,299,068 W h ig . 1 8 4 0 .— Opposed th e Sem inole W a r. 1841. L ib ... 62,300 — A d v o c a te d a lim ite d veto power. 1 8 4 4 .— A d v o c a t e d a T o ta l .2,698,611 w e ll regulate d currency. O p p o s e d th e ann exation o f T exas. D e m o c ra tic . 1844.- ji&LL0 nltnl ■ fjmm UgHls. T h e estab lis h m e n t© * th e G re fo n ljo u n d a ry a t “ fifty -fo u r fo rty or fig h t.” T h e "^annexation o f Texas. O p p o s e d The lim ita tio n o f th e veto power. A divisio n o f th e proceeds o f la n d sales. L ib e rty. 1843.— A d v o c a t e d : — T h e im m e d ia te a b o litio n o f slavery. E q ual rig h ts . H u m a n b ro th e rh o o d . O p p o s e d th e fu g itiv e slave clause o f th e C o n stitu tio n . N a tlv e -A m e rlc a n . 1844.— O p p o s e d : — F o re ig n la bor. GRANT. H IS TO R IC A L SYNOPSIS. R e constructio n prosecuted. Im p o rt a n t questions o f finance discussed. 1869 (to 1873).—T h e t a r iff reduced. 1870.— In te r n a l revenue g re a tly reduced. T h e fifte e n th am endm ent ra tifie d . T h e Santo D o m ingo question discussed. 1871.—A p p o in tm e n t to th e c iv il service by com p e titive e xa m in a tio n in tro d u ce d . The A labam a claim s s u b m itte d to in te rn a tio n a l a rb itra tio n . T h e enforce m e n t a c t passed. 1872.— A general am nesty b ill passed. T h e Geneva aw ard m ade ($15,000,000). T h e San Ju a n question s e ttle d b y a rb itra tio n . T h e C re d it M o b ilie r exposed. 1873.— T he “ salary grab a c t ” passed. T h e fra n k in g p rivilege repealed. F e d era l officials fo rb id d e n to hold sta te offices. T h e V irg in iu s captured. S ilve r dem onetized. A great fina n cia l pan ic. 1874.— T h e currency b i ll vetoed. 1875.— A c iv il rig h ts b ill passed. A n a c t fo r th e resu m p tio n o f specie paym ent passed (to ta ke effect J a n u a ry 1, 1879). 1876.— A tre a ty o f e x tra d itio n w ith Spain, concluded. T h e Secretary o f W a r (B elknap) im peached, trie d , and a cq u itte d . T h e s ilv e r b ill passed. 1877.—T h e E le cto ra l Commission created. R e p u b lica n . ATTITU D E OF PARTIES. 1871.— A d v o c a t e d an e nforcem ent act. 1872.— A d v o c a t e d : —T he ann exation o f Santo D om ingo. A c iv il service reform . Im m ig ra tio n . T h e enforcem ent o f th e c o n s titu tio n a l am endm ents. F ree p u b lic lands fo r actual settlers. T h e resum ption o f specie paym ent. T h e encouragem ent of ship-b u ild in g . T he a b o litio n o f th e fra n k in g p rivile g e . 1875.— A d v o c a t e d th e resum ption o f specie paym ent. 1876. —A d v o c a t e d ; —T h e paym ent o f bonds in specie. T h e sovereign con t r o l o f th e te rrito rie s by Congress. O pposed: — T h e use o f th e p u b lic funds fo r sectarian schools. F u r th e r g ra n ts o f p u b lic la nds to corporations and monopolies. —U niversal am nesty. Free p u b lic lands fo r a ctu a l settlers. A c iv il service reform . A single te rm fo r th e Executive. T h e resum ption o f specie paym ent. A ta r iff by congressional action, “ w h o lly fre e fro m E xe cutive in terfere nce o r d ic ta tio n .” O p p o s e d re p u d ia tio n . D e m o c ra tic . 1876.— A d v o c a t e d : — Im m e d ia te re fo rm o f th e F ed era l G overnm ent. A ta r iff fo r revenue only. Care and p ro te ctio n fo r “ th e soldiers and sailors o f th e R e public.” D e n o u n c e d / —Federal ta xa tio n . T h e re sum ption clause o f 1875. T h e ta riff. L a n d grants to Popular Vote. railroads. T h e issue re gardin g th e use o f p u b lic funds Dens.'^4,284,885 . ip. .4,033,950 fo r sectarian schools. P a rty patronage. O pposed G r,... 81,740 Chinese im m ig ra tio n . P ro b .. 9,522 T e m p e ra n c e . 1872.— A d v o c a te d : — L e g a l S c a t.. 2,636 h ib itio n . Salaries, n o t fees. Low postage. I#tfm igraT o ta l-8,412,733 tio n . Fem ale suffrage. A d ire c t vote fa jra 'President. A currency conve rtible in to coin. ^ S t f b e r m en fo r office-holders. P ro h ib itio n . 1876.— A d v o c p t m : — P ro h ib itio n . T h e reduc tio n o f tele g ra p h ic, ra ilro a d ,. and postal rates. U n iversal suffrage. Sabbath laws. Free p u b lic la nds fo r actual settlers. Compulsory education. A direct,yiS te fo r President. In te rn a tio n a l a rb itra tio n . La b o r-R e fo ym . 1872.— A d v o c a t e d : — A single te rm fo r th e E xe cutive. E q u ita b le railroa d and tele g ra p h rates. A currency based on property. A general am nesty. New p a te n t laws. Free p u b lic lands.^^^Pne ta x a tio n o f bonds. T he subjection o f m ilita ry to c iv il O p p o s e d prison labor. G re e n b a c k . (N ation al.) (In d e p e n d e n t.) 1876.— A d v o c a t e d : — C onvertible U n ite d S tates notes. A fra c tio n a l currency. O p- 1870^ PO LK. N 18^9- H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . I 8 7 7 . - A policy o f c o n c ilia tio n adopted. F ed era l troops recalled fro m th i p. .4,449,053 S outh. T h e Nez Perces w ar in au g u ra te d . Dem . 4,442,035 G r.._. 307,306 $1,030,628,200 o f th e n a tio n a l debj^re-issued a t low er Scat.. 12,576 rates o f in te re s t. 187 8.—T h e s ilv e r b ill passed. T h e T o ta l. 9,210,970 H a lifa x fishery m ade ($5,500,000). A p p ro p ria tio n b ill riT* on account o f “ p o litic a l rid e rs .” 1879.—Specie n e n t resum ed. C o m p e titive exam in a tio n in tro d u ce d in th e civilse rvice . A p p ro p ria tio n b ills vetoed because o f “ p o litic a l rid e rs .” A b ill m o d ify in g th e supervision o f elections, vetoed. T h e negro exodus began. A TTITU D E OF PARTIES. 1880.— A d v o c a t e d : — T h e a u th o rity of Con gress to define sta te and fe d e ra l powers. T h e con tro l o f Chinese im m ig ra tio n . G overnm e nt a id to pop u la r education. D e m o c ra tic . 1880.— A d v o c a t e d : — A paper currency con v e rtib le in to coin. A lim it to Chinese im m ig ra tio n . C iv il service refo rm . F ree p u b lic lands fo r a c tu a l s e t^e ’ A t a r iff fo r revenue O p p o s e d : — C e n tra liza tio n . M o n o i only. gove rnm ent troops o r officials a t th e polls. A n G re e n b a c k . 1880.— A d v o c a t e d : — 1 The paymv le gal te n d e r currency. A bureau o f la b o r statistics. ^ incom e tax. A n e ig h t-h o u r la bor system. T h e u n lim ite d _ o f gold and silver. Free p u b lic la nds fo r actu a l settlers. G o v ti m e n t co n tro l o f th e currency. O p p o s e d : —Chinese im m ig ra tio n . C o nvict labor. M onopolies. Increase o f th e standing arm y. P ro h ib itio n . 1880 — A d v o c a t e d congressional co n tro l o f tHe liq u o r tra ffic , and o p p o s e d its legalization. (Based on a Special R ep o rt o f th e T re a s u re r.) Administration W a sh in g to n .. A d am s........... Je ffe rso n ___ M adiso n........ M onroe......... .......... Adams, J . Q............ Jackson............... V a n B u re n ............... H a rrison and T y le r. P o lk ........................... T a ylo r and F illm o re P ierce........ B u chanan.. L in c o ln . Johnson.. G ra n t_________ Hayes (2 years).. N o t e . — Originally the members o f the Democratic-Republican party were known both a* Republicans a n d a t Dem ocrats: at a subsequent period chiejty as Republican*. ana latterly almost wholly as Democrat*. _ TAYLO R . H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . 18 5 0 . —T h e om nibus b ill, covering ques tions re la tin g to th e M exican cession, discussed. [P re sid e n t T a ylo r died J u ly 9, i860.] F IL LM O R E ’S ACCESSION. (J u ly 10, isso.) 185 2. Popular Vote, H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . 1 8 5 0 ,- T a y lo r ’s policy and his own p a rty p la tfo rm , opposed by th e President. D e m .. 1,601,474 W h ig 1,386,578 A tre a ty w ith E ngland in re la tio n to th e Panam a tran sit, F . S ... 156,149 by ship-canal, ra tifie d . Comprom ise measures passed, Total-3,144,201 p ro vid in g c iv il governm ents fo r th e M e xican cession, fix in g th e Texan boundary, a d m ittin g C a lifo rnjn nnifl fn ll l l l l l i i i f fh n capture o f f u g itive slauaifc— lO f ll. 1 -xfle corner stone o f th e C a p ito l aan flllib u s te rin g a tte m p te d . 1 8 5 2 .—E x p e d itio n sent to Japan. A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S . W h ig . 1 8 5 2 .—A d v o c a t e d th e com prom ise measures o f 1850. D e m o c ra tic . 1 8 5 2 .—A d v o c a t e d The com promise measures o f 1850. T h e K e n tu c k y and V irg in ia n u llific a tio n resolutions. 1 8 5 2 .— O p p o s e d .’—T h e com promise meas- F re e -S o il. 1881. HAYES. R e p u b lic a n . A FEDERALIST H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . I 8 4 5 - - A u n ifo rm date fixed fo r h o ld in g P residential elections. Congress rescinded th e ru le fo r ta b lin g p e ti tio n s re la tin g to slavery. 1 8 4 6 .—W a r w ith M exico declared. The sub-treasury b ill re-enacted. T h e W ilin o t proviso in troduce d. T h e ta riff o f 1842 repealed and a t a r iff fo r revenue only, adopted. T h e Oregon boundary fixed. A n in te rn a l im pro ve m e n t b ill vetoed. 184 7.—In te r n a l im pro ve m e n t conventions h e ld a t M em p his and Chicago. A second in te rn a l im provem ent 1848. b ill vetoed. 1 8 4 8 .—T h e G uadaloupe-H idalgo tre a ty Popular Vote. o f peace w ith M exico, ra tifie d . 1 8 4 9 .—A postal tre a ty W h ig 1,360,101 w ith E n glan d, concluded. T h e D e p a rtm e n t o f th e D e m .. 1,220,544 F .S ... 291,263 In te r io r organized. T o ta l 2,871,908 A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S . D e m o c ra tic . 1846. — A d v o c a t e d : — W a r w ith M exico. The W ilm o t proviso. 1848*—R easserted th e principle s o f th e p la tfo rm o f 1840. A d v o c a t e d a revenue equal only to necessary expe nditures. O p p o s e d th e d is trib u tio n o f th e proceeds o f la nd sales. W h ig . (Advanced no d e fin ite policy.) L ib e rty -L e a g u e . 1 8 4 5 .—“ D u ty is ours—results are G od’s. F re e -S o il. 1 8 4 8 . — A d v o c a t e d : — “ Free soil, free 1877. D e m o c ra tic and L lb e ra l* R e p u b llc a n . 1872.— A d v o c a t e d : C era l i s t ^ rs r-1 MONROE. H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . 1817.—A s p irit o f m u tu a l co n c ilia tio n prevailed, p o in tin g to th e “ E ra of good fe e lin g .” T h e P re sid e n t visite d th e p rin c ip a l c itie s and towns o f th e eastern and n o rth e rn states, to in spect fo rtific a tio n s , garrisons, arsenals and naval de pots. In te rn a l revenue abolished. T h e construction of 1820. th e E rie Canal begun. T h e S em inole W a r inaugu Electoral Vote. rated. 1818.—T h e officers and soldiers o f th e R evolu D em .-R ep. 231 tio n a ry W a r pensioned. T h e present na tio n a l flag O pposition * adopted. A tre a ty re la tin g to th e n o rth e rn boundary and V a c a n t___ _ to fisheries, concluded w ith G reat B rita in . T h e Spanish T o ta l......... 235 posts o f S t. M a rks and Pensacola seized by G overnm ent troops un d e r G eneral Jackson. T he firs t Sem inole W ar concluded. 1819.—T h e A rkansas b ill passed. T h e firs t steam er (th e “ Savannah ” ) crossed th e ocean fro m N ew Y o rk to Liverp ool. T h e P resident made U JA C K S O N . H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . T h e slavery que stion was p ro m in e n t th ro u g h o u t th e a d m in is tra tio n . 1829.—H u ndreds o f fe d e ra l officers rem oved’to m ake room fo r p o litic a l favorites. C om m ercial tre a tie s w ith B ra z il and Russia, ra tifie d . 1830.— T h e n u llific a tio n debate between H ayne and W ebster, occurred. In te r n a l im provem ents became an issue between Congress and th e P resident. T h e p o rts o f th e U n ite d States were opened to B r itis h colonies. 1831.— T h e C a bine t resigned. A b ill passed g re a tly lim itin g th e powers o f th e U n ite d S tates courts. In s u r re ctio n o f slaves in V irg in ia , le d b y N a t T u rn e r. T h e p u b lic a tio n o f “ T h e L ib e ra to r” begun. R a ilw ay co n stru ctio n earnestly prosecuted. A tre a ty w ith T u rk e y ra tifie d (freedom o f th e B la ck Sea). T reaties o f boundary and com merce w ith M exico, ra tifie d . T he Senate refused to concur in th e a p p o in tm e n t o f V a n B u re n as m in is te r to E n glan d, th u s com pellin g h im to re tu rn hom e. 1832.— T h e S o u th C a rolina n u llific a tio n convention held. A procla m atio n against n u llifie rs issued b y th e P resident. T h e B lack H a w k w ar in augurated. A tre a ty o f com merce w ith Russia, concluded. T h e re -ch a rte r o f th e U n ite d S tates B a nk vetoed. T h e t a r iff readjusted. 1833.—T h e force act passed. Clay’s t a r if f b ill passed (gradual re d u c tio n u n t il 1842). G overnm e nt de posits in th e U n ite d S tates Bank, discontinued . 1834.— T h e P resident censured by th e Senate. France and o th e r fo re ig n powers req u ire d to se ttle old claim s. 1835.—T h e N a tio n a l D e b t e x tin guished. T h e second war w ith th e Sem inoles inaugu1832. rate d. 1836.— A b i ll passed d iv id in g th e surplus Popular Vote. D e m .. 687,502 N. R._ 530,189 A .M .. 33,108 Total-1,250,799 1809. fro m com m andants o f blockading squadrons in fo re ig n ports. A m e rica n seamen im pressed by G re a t B rita in . 1 8 0 6 .—T h e im p o rta tio n o f specific articles o f B ritis h g ro w th or m anufactu re, p ro h ib ite d . T h e question o f n e u tra l r ig h ts w ith E n glan d and France, discussed. A n in te rn a l im prove m e n t b ill passed. 1 8 0 7 .—T h e slave trad e p ro h ib ite d a fte r Jan u a ry 1, 1808. A coast survey authorize d. A second em bargo la id (repealed except as to France and G re a t B r ita in in 1808. 1809). B u rr trie d fo r conspiracy and a c q u itte d . T he Electoral Vote. Chesapeake searched by E n glish naval officers. Dem .-Rep. 122 A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S . F ed era l. . . 47 D e m o c ra tic -R e p u b lic a n . 1 8 0 7 . — A d v o c a t e d C lin to n 6 an em bargo act. V a c a n t— 1 T o ta l......... 176 Fe d e ra lis t! 1803. — O p p o s e d th e purchase of Louisiana. 1 8 0 7 ,— O p p o s e d an em bargo act. M T DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN ANTI-FEDERAL 1801. ADAMS. H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . 1797.—In a u g u ra tio n a t P h ila d e lp h ia , M arch 4. 1798.—A sta n d in g arm y organized. T h e Navy D e p a rtm e n t created. Commerce harassed by th e French and E n glish. A lie n , strong natura liza tio n , and sed itio n laws, passed. N u llific a tio n resolutions passed by K e n tu cky. 17 9 9 .—T h e V irg in ia resolu tions passed. T h e R obbins ex tra d itio n case trie d . 1 8 0 0 .—A general b a n k ru p t law passed. T h e ca b in e t dismissed. 18 0 1,—T h e P resident elected by th e House a fte r 36 ballots. A T T IT U D E O F P A R T IE S . Fe d e ra lis t. 1798.—A d v o c a t e d : —A lie n and sedition 1800. laws. A stron g n a tu ra liz a tio n law. W a r w ith France. Electoral Vote. D e m .-R e p . 1798.— A d v o c a t e d n u llific a tio n . O p p o s e d Dem .-R ep. 146 increase o f th e arm y and navy. 18 0 0 .— A d v o c a t e d .-—State F ed era l ...129 rig h ts . Freedom o f re lig io n , speech, and press. L ib e ra l H a y _____ 1 T o ta l........ 276 natura liza tio n . E n la rg e d suffrage. F ree trad e. G A R F IE L D . ’'H IS T O R IC A L SYNOPSIS. rS S r.-T H e’ S ta f Rdute iiivekCTg-atl?ffir begun. M a tu rin g bonds extended a t a low er ra te (3i per ce n t.—“ W in doms ” ). A pro tra cte d controversy occurred between th e P resident and Senators, concerning F ederal app ointm ents. T h e P re sid e n t was shot J u ly 2,1881. (D ied, S e ptem ber 19.) A R T H U R ’S ACCESSION. (Sept. 20, 1881). 1882.— G uiteau trie d fo r th e assassination o f P re sid e n t G arfield, convicted, and h u n g J u n e 30. T h e M orm on question revived. Chinese im m ig ra tio n discussed. A n im p o rta n t riv e r and h a rb o r b ill passed, over th e P resident’ s veto. 1883.— A com prehensive c iv il service b i ll passed. T he T a riff reduced. T h e S ta r R oute d efenda nts a cq u itte d . A general s trik e o f te le g ra p h operators occurred. L e tte r postage reduced to tw o cents. S tanda rd tim e (Eastern, C e ntral, M o u n ta in , P a cific) adopted. 1884.—T a riff revision and fo rfe itu re o f la n d grants discussed. T h e P resident vetoed th e b ill re in s ta tin g G eneral P o rte r. ATTITU D E OF PARTIES. R e p u b lic a n . 1884.—A d v o c a t e d : — A p ro te ctive ta riff. R e d u ctio n o f surplus revenue. A n a tio n a l bureau o f labor. E q u a liz a tio n o f pen sions. A p p ro p ria tio n s fo r e du cational purposes. A n increase o f th e Navy. L e g is la tio n to encourage A m e ric a n sh ip p in g . F o rc ib le suppres sion o f polygam y. D e m o c ra tic . 1884.—A d v o c a t e d : —A re d u c tio n o f ta x a tio n . A t a r iff fo r revenue and lim ite d pro te ctio n . F ix e d salaries fo r fe d e ra l offi cers. Free education. T he repeal o f laws re s tric tin g labor. T h e in cor poration o f la bor organizations. A n A m e rica n policy. O p p o s e d sum p tuary laws. N a tio n a l G re e n b a c k . 1884.— A p p r o v e d th e le g a l te n d e r de cision o f th e Suprem e C ourt. A d v o c a t e d : — T h e s u b s titu tio n o f green backs fo r n a tio n a l b an k notes. T h e p ro m p t p aym ent o f th e p u b lic debt. A t a r iff on lu xu rie s only. A g radua ted incom e ta x. A G overnm ent postal teleg rap h. Suffrage w ith o u t regard to sex. T h e P re c e d in g P a rtie s . 1884.— A d v o c a t e d : — C iv il service re fo rm . Congressional co n tro l o f in te r-sta te com m erce. F o rfe itu re o f unearned la n d grants. M ore in tim a te re la tio n s w ith A m e rica n repub lics. O p p o s e d : — Chinese im m ig ra tio n . T h e acq u isitio n o f la n d by m o nopolies or non-resident aliens. T h e im p o rta tio n o f co n tra c t labor. P ro h ib itio n . 1884 .—A d v o c a t e d : —P ro h ib itio n o f th e im p o rta tio n , m anufactu re, supply and sale o f alcoholic beverages. A t a r iff fo r revenue and pro te ctio n . C iv il service re fo rm . A gove rnm ent le g a l te n d e r cur rency only. U n re s tric te d im m ig ra tio n . O p p o s e d th e g ra n tin g o f lands to corporations, and also large hold in g s fo r speculation. N JE X JP L A N A T O i l Y . T h is C h a rt is designed to present, a t a glance, a b ird ’seye view o f th e p o litic a l h is to ry o f th e coun try, b e g in n in g w ith colonia l tim es. C o lo rs .— T h e color-belt, in th re e sections, Bhows by its va ryin g w id th , th e re la tive size, and increase o r decrease, o f th e to ta l P re sid e n tia l vote. Each o f th e le a d in g p o litic a l pa rtie s is represented by a d is tin g u is h in g color, and th is color occupies th e e n tire w id th o f tn e b e lt fo r th e period d u r in g w h ic h th e p a rty was in power. T h is d is tin c tio n of colors is observed th ro u g h o u t th e P lates o f th e P o litic a l Group. E le c tio n s .— The narrow p e rpen dicular bars o f color compare th e re la tive p a rty vote a t each election, th e la rgest vote being represented by th e upp erm ost section, and th e others by th e divisions below, in o rd e r o f size, unless th e vote o f a p a rty was to o sm all to be cle arly shown on th is scale. P a rtie s.— W h e n n o t in power, pa rtie s are shown on th e color b e lt by black lines and names only. T h e dire ctio n , blending, o r separation of these lines, serve to in d ica te pa rty affiliations, accessions, or disrup tions. A fa c tio n b re a kin g fro m a pa rty d u rin g its suprem acy, is shown by converging lin e s; and a fa ctio n u n itin g w ith th e p a rty in power, by d i vergin g lines, te rm in a tin g in th e color t h a t represents th e party. . P o litic a l P e rio d s .— The sm all c h a rt a t th e low er rig h t-h a n d corner o f th is fo lio , shows, in a general way, the pre d o m in a n t subjects th a t have occupied th e a tte n tio n o f th e General G overnm ent, and also, by colors and dates, th e pa rtie s in power, d u rin g th e d iffe re n t periods. T H E C O L O N IA L PERIOD. H IS T O R IC A L S Y N O P S IS . 1636.—In d ire c t ta x a tio n opposed. 1651. N a vigatio n laws evaded. 167 2.—In te rc o lo n ia l du tie s evaded. 1 7 5 4 .— T he c o n s titu tio n d ra fte d by com m issioners fo r th e A m e rica n colonies, dis cussed. [T he Crown to a p p o in t th e governors, o rig in a te bills , a n d re ta in an absolute veto power, b u t th e colonies to le g is la te .] Rejected. 1765.—D ire c t 1776 ta x a tio n opposed. The stam p act resisted. 17 7 4 .—A declaration o f rig h ts i&sued. 1775.—T h e R e vo lu tio n a ry W a r in augurated. 1776.—Independence declared. A rtic le s o f confederation proje cted . (Drawn, 1777. A d opte d, 1781.) 1787. — The c o n s titu tio n fram ed. T h e N o rth w e s t T e rrito ry form ed. 178 8.—T h e c o n s titu tio n ra tifie d . '7 8 9 . - M a r c h .* .— 'T he G eneral G overnm ent organized. T he re was, th ro u g h o u t th e colonial period, a com mon and grow ing s e n tim e n t aga inst in te rfe re n ce , by th e Crown, w ith m anufactures and o th e r lo ca l in terests. A TTITUDE OF PARTIES. W h ig . 1783 w H T O RY 1781.—Advocated a confederation. I n la te ry e a rs th e “ S trong G overnm e nt M en,” favored a c o n s titu tio n , and th e “ P a rticu la rists,” state sovereignty. T o r y . A d v o c a t e d th e claim s o f th e E n glish Crown. Fe d e ra lis t. A d v o c a t e d a c o n stitu tio n . A n ti-F e d e ra lis t. A d v o c a t e d a confederation. P O LIT IC A L PERIODS. 1789 1816 F IR ST PERIOD. F E DE R AL I S T ’ r EDERALI ST SECO PERIOD. isin 1872 1844 18^5 I8&-9 I8j53 •£? TH IRD PERIOD. (27 Y E A R S .) (28 Y E A R S .) FOREI GN RE L A T I ONS . F I N A N C E AND I N D U S T R Y . SLAVERY, CVIL WAR, AND RECONSTRUCTION, FOURTH P ER IO D . (28 Y E A R S .) 1788 1787 ___________ COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHA(|_ES SCRIBNER’S SONS., FINANCE AND INDUSTRY. POLITICAL HISTORY P late 7 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS. (Based on Tables in the “ American Almanac and T re a su ry o f Facts.” ) Electoral Vote, 1789 to 1832. SCALE: Elect- Date 1789 j Candidate 73 George W ashington George C lin to n ....... 135 George W ashington A aron B u r r .............. P k 138 Thom as Jein crsn e y . Thom as ffe o n .. Jo h n A d am s............ Charles O. P inckney 138 A aron B u r r .............. Thom as Je ffe rs o n .. 1792 1796 1S00 1812 218 22] me 1832 30 68 73 D e m .-R ep.. 37 D em .-R ep.. 41 D em .-R ep. . Dem .-R ep.. 99 N a t.-R ep. — 83 D e m o c ra t.. 178 7 A n ti-M ason 11 N a t.-R e p — D e m o c ra t.. 219 176 1828 D em .-R ep.. F e d e ra lis t . F ed e ra lis t . D em .-R ep.. F e d e ra lis t. D em .-R ep.. F e d e ra lis t. F e d e ra lis t. F e d e ra lis t. D em .-R ep.. D em .-R ep.. . ra 261 W m n H . C d aw fo rd -. Joh Q. A m s ---A n drew Jack s o n — Adam s 261 J o h n Q . Jackson___ A n dre w . .. W illia m W ir t ........... 288 A n dre w Jackson— 1S08 1821 34 F ed era list . 14 Dem .-R ep.. Dem .-R ep— 6 F e d e ra lis t . Dem .-R ep.. 122 F e d e ra lis t. Dem .-R ep.. 128 F e d e ra lis t. 34 Dem .-Rep. O pposition. 1 D em .-R ep— 176 1820 Votes Charles C. P inckney Thom as J e ffe rs o n .. George C lin to n ....... C harlesC. P inckney Jam es M a d is o n ---De W it t C lin to n ___ Jam es M a d is o n ---R u fus K in g . . . ___ 'Jam es M o n ro e ........ [John Q. A d a m s ---|Jam es M onroe......... 1801 ISIS Party State N. U. Dem. Ratio of Predominant to Total Vote, lack ion Adam* Crawford 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 R .I. . Mo. .. 111. . .. N .H . . Miss. . M e. . C onn•. Ala. . . Va. . . . Ind. . . T en n. N J .... K y . .. . M d. . . . N .C . .. 2,145 311 1,542 4,107 1,694 6,870 7,587 2,416 3,189 3.095 216 9,110 10*20*30*40*50:! 18 17 16 15 ioo* 66.6 M o. . . . N .C .... V t____ 75.1 C onti. . 75.6 R .L . . 77.0 13 12 11 73.1 9 8 89.8 100.0 Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States. Jackson Adam* 987 1,901 643 3,234 2,330 200 219 Clay 1,401 1,047 119 1,978 1.680 8,489 9,443 2,861 7,343 20,197 10,985 6,453 14,523 14,632 20,415 30,687 312 1,196 67 416 5,315 16,782 3,646 695 15,621 6,616 4,206 19,255 State N .Y . .. K y. . . M e.. .. R .I. . . N .H . .. V t ____ Conn. . La. Pa. . .. [Ind. . . Mass. . 111. .. V a ....... N.C. .. 2,345 2,699 4,709 4,750 5,047 9,200 9,565 13,606 14,955 15,753 20,725 21,291 23,235 33,496 36,036 37,303 47,355 49,992 R . I . , .. 821 2,754 3,575 M is s ... 6,763 1,581 8,344 6.763 1,581 8,344 J11........ L a ____ 4.605 4,097 8,702 4,349 4,769 9,118 D e l.... M o .. .. 8,232 3,422 11,654 C o n n .. 4,448 13,829 18,277 Ga....... 18,709 18,709 A l a . . . 17,138 1,938 19,076 V t ........ 8,205 24,784 32,989 M e .. - ,13,927 20,773 34,700 M ass. . 6,019 29,836 35,855 V a ... . 26,752 12,101 38,853 I n d . . . . 22,237 17,052 39,289 N .H . .. 20,692 24,076 44,768 N . J . . . . 21,950 23,758 45,708 T e n n . . 44,090 2,240 46,330 M d .. . . 24,578 25,759 50,337 N.C. .. 37,857 13,918 51,775 Kv, . . . 39,084 31,172 70,256 O n to .. 67,597 63,396 130,993 Pa....... 101,652 50,848 152,500 N . Y . .. 140,763 135,413 276,176 I 1 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 v o te s ■ Ml 2 Issa .i.y.’ -it 300,000 ----tmmm 2EBBS9 e-.r.'W T-.TI mammm Summary. Candidate 100,000 V otes. Votes Adams, J . Q ......... Jackson................. 509,097 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 S tate R .L . . . Mo. . . . M is s ... La-----D e l.. .. V t. - 111........ Ga____ Conn. . N.C---T e n n .. M d___ N . H . .. Va. .. T nd .. .. N .J. . . Mass. . Me. . . . Ky. . .. 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 2 3 3 3 m m m BH 1^3 na nea HUD 5 Votes Candidate C ra w fo rd ............... C lay............ ......... Adams, J . Q .......... Jackson................. mm3$ %o oio 5 % 6 44,282 46,587 105,321 Ratio of Predominant to Total Vote, . - 'i 50.9 52.1 54.4 55.0 56.9 10 02 57.2 58.6 61.1 61.6 67.0 69.3 l 2,126 5,192 5,919 4,049 4.110 7,870 14,147 20,750 11,269 24,862 28,740 19,156 25,486 Total 2,810 2,528 4,276 11,152 5,429 4,936 , 5,192 ■ (M ajo rity . 5,919 1 6,577 ■ 8,386 ■ 19,022 wm 19,576 wm 17,755 4,563 1,436 19,160 19,010 3 3 4 29,024 29,425 30,176 38,316 44,496 31,552 15,472 47,024 23,856 23,393 47,249 14,545 33,003 47,548 33,291 27,204 60,495 36,247 43,396 79,643 90,983 66,7l6 2 O h io .. 81,246 76,539 157,785 ICO, 497 154,000 1 2 4 5 5 SC ALE : Clay J ii.kson 1 2 Analysis of the Popular Vote, Bank 1 2 50. + SCALE: Total 1 2 1 i ■ ■ a ■ JACKSON-1832. N. Rep. Dem. 50. + l Total 72.2 74.5 84.4 95.2 100.0 100.0 1 A la . . . ......... 100.0 6 81.0 M ass. . 83.2 23 22 21 20 T9 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State 23 M d .. .. 22 M o ....... N.J. 20 D e l.. .. 59.8 M e .. P a ____ State Rank Ratio by States. N .H ._ . 53.7 K y. .. Bank KEY Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States. Bank N .Y . .. M d. ... 51.1 O ftio .. N .J — 51.9 D e l . . . . 52.3 G a ........ N o te . — In t h e ele ctio n o f 18 24, each candidate rep resented a division o f th e same party ( t h e bem ocraticR-epub lica n ;; b u t in shading th e map, e a c h division i s tre a te d as i f i t had b e e n a separate party. Pa....... 1 O hio .. 18.457 12,280 JACKSON-1828. Ratio by States. Ratio of Predominant to Total Vote, J. Q. ADAMS-1824. Ratio by States. N o te s . —Previous to 1804 each electo r voted fo r tw o candi dates fo r President. T h e can didate receiving th e largest vote was declared President, and th e one receiving th e n e x t largest, V ice-P reside nt. A rtic le X I I . of th e A m e n d m e n t s to th e C o ns titu tio n , w h ich took effect Sept. 25, 1804. requires electors to b a llo t sepa ra te ly fo r P resident and VicePresident. Previous to 1824 m ost o f th e states chose P residential Elec tors by rh e ir Legislatures, and th e re tu rn s of th e pop ular vote are n o t preserved w ith sufficien t completeness fo r m a k in g com parisons. T h e votes n o t in clude d in th e table , are, 1789, scattering, 35; vacant, 4 (8 votes). 1792, scat tering, 5 ; vacant, 3 (0 votes). 1796, scattering. 48. 1800, J o h n Hay, 1. 1808, George C linton, 6: vacant, 1. 1812, vacant, 1. 1816, vacant, 4. 1820, vacant, 3. 1832, vacant, 1. uu . iahj 1 v o te s. o J T o ta ls unknow n.) 2 » ,000 6 6 300,000 Summary, y u ." .' w Candidate __________ a Votes W ir t and Floyd .. Clay .................... Jackson................. 33,108 530,189 687,502 VAN BUREN—1836 -------A Ratio by States. 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 100,000 V otes. ■ C a rrie d no State. Ratio of Predominant to Total Vote, SCALE: State Hank Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States. Rank 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State Van Buren Harrison 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 SCALE: 100,000 V otes. Total W h i, N .J . . . 24 Miss. — 23 Conn. . Pa....... A r k ---R .I. . . . La........ Del. . . M ich. . M o .. . . M is s ... N .H . .. 2,400 1,238 3,638 2,964 2,710 5,674 3,653 3,383 7,036 4,155 4,738 8,893 7,360 4,000 11,360 10,995 8,337 19,332 9,979 9,688 19,667 18,722 6,228 24,950 18,097 14,983 33,080 Ill........ 19,068 15,637 34,705 Ala. . . 14,037 20,991 35,028 V t -----M e ... . 22,300 15 239 37,539 Conn. . 19,234 18,466 37,700 Ga....... 22,126 24,930 47,056 M d ... . 22,167 25,852 48,019 N .C .... 26,910 23,626 50,536 N.J. . . 26,347 26,892 53,239 30,261 23,368 53,629 V a....... 26,120 35,962 62,082 Tenn. K y. . . . 33,435 36,955 70,390 32,480 41,281 73,761 In d . . . Mass. _ 33,501 41,093 74,594 91,475 87,111 178,586 Pa____ 96,948 105,405 202,353 O hio 166,815 138,543 305,358 N .Y . - 200,000 D em 1#0 3 ^0 50# 0 2 #0 1# 5 0 .5 5 0 .7 5 1 .2 5 2 .0 R .I. . . 5 2 .2 K y ... 5 2 .5 5 2 .9 Ga....... N.C. D el. . . M d - .. N .Y . .. 5 3 .2 5 3 .8 111............ In d . . . V a ....... M o___ T e n n .. M e___ J C 5 4 .7 5 4 .9 Ala. . . "55.6 5 5 .9 5 6 .4 5 6 .8 ’ 5 7 .5 " 5 9 .4 5 9 .9 V t --------- M ic h .. A rk . .. N .H . . . ......... 6 4 .7 6 5 .9 300,000 400,000 Electoral Vote. Summary. j Candidate Candidate Votes 1 )0,000 V otes. W . P. M a n g u m ............ D a niel W e b s te r........... H u g h L . W h ite ............ W illia m H . H a rris o n .. M a rtin V a n B u re n ___ 50 0 ,0 0 0 Wrh ig Candidates) 736,656 V a n B u re n ..........| 761,549 \ Party W h ig ......... W h ig ......... W h ig ......... W h ig ......... Dem ocratic Votes 11 14 26 HARRISON—1840. Ratio by States. Rank 25 Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States, 23 22 SCALE: Bank 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I Sta te R . I . .. D e l.. A rk . . La— Miss. M ich. V t. . . Mo. .. Conn. N .H .. M d .A la ... N .J .Ga— N.C. . V a— . :Ky. . . Me. .. 111. . . . Tenn. I n d . .. Mass. O h io . Pa— N .Y .. H arriso n Van Buren 5,278 5,967 5,160 11,297 19,518 22,933 32,445 22,972 31,601 26,158 33,528 28,471 33,351 40,261 46,376 42,501 58,489 46,612 45,537 60,391 65,302 72,874 148,157 144,021 225,817 Total 3,301 8,621 4,884 10,851 6,049 11,209 7,617 18,914 16,995 36,513 44,352 21,098 60,773 18,009 52,732 29,760 25,296 57,071 58,954 32,670 62,280 28,752 62,462 33,991 64,454 31,034 31,933 72,194 34,218 43,893 91,105 32,616 93,007 46,201 93,162 47,476 108,680 48,289 116,997 51,695 51,948 1,621 126,443 124,782 903 273,842 343 288,040 143,676 212,519 2,798 441,134 100,000 V otes. 16 15 14 8 ta te Pa-----M e. . . . Va. . I l l ____ M ich. . N .Y . . N .J. M d. A rk — . 5 0 .8 5 0 .9 5 3 .9 N .H . .. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 G a____ In d ----A la — M o___ N.C. .. Mass. . L a ____ R .I. —- 5 5 .4 KEY B im e y .................... V an B u re n ........... H a rris o n ............... W.H.H. SJ.V.B. 5 6 .0 5 6 .4 / U n d e r 55V o f a l l ____ 55V and und er 60V ... V t ........... 1 K y. 60V 300,000 400,000 ,r 70V 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 80V „ I0 V - _ >. 8 0 V ” » 90V — 90V and o v e r------------ Summary, Candidate SCALE: 10#20#30#40#50 # D el. . . 12 200,000 D em . Ratio of Predominant to Total Vote, Votes 7,059 100,000 V otes. 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 1,0 0 0 0 ,0 0 Electoral Vote. Candidate P a rty M a rtin Va n B u re n ----- D e m ocratic W illia m H . H a rris o n .. W h ig —----- COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS. V o te by L e g is la tu re ..! Votes POLITICAL HISTORY PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS. P la te 8 (Based on Tables in the “ American Almanac and Treasury of Facts.” ' -Continued. Ratio of Predominant to Total Vote, by States. SCA LE: Whi* R ank S tate 25 24 N .Y . . . O h io .. iM ic h . . T enn. . In d . . . P a. . N .J . . . 21 22 21 20 19 State Del. . . R .I.. A r k ---L a ........ M iss. V t -----N .H . .. M ich. . Conn. . Md. . . M o___ N .J .... N.C. .. M e ... . G a....... V a....... I l l ........ K y -----Tenn. . Mass. . Ind. O hio .. P a. N .Y . Clay Polk 5,996 6,728 4,867 7,322 9,546 5,504 13,782 13,083 25,126 19,206 18,041 26,770 27,160 18,866 27,759 24,337 37,741) 26,084 29,841 32,832 32; 676 35,984 41,369 31,251 37,495 38,318 39,287 43,232 45,719 34,378 44,177 42,106 49,570 43,677 57,920 45,528 51,988 61,‘255 59,917 60,030 52,846 67.418 70,181 67,867 149.117 155,057 167,535 161,203 237,588 232,482 Total Birney SCA LE: 12,274 12,296 15,050 26,865 44,332 48,765 49,187 55,728 63.824 64,616 6*. 660 72,620 75,944 82,519 84,933 86,283 93,247 107,018 113,243 119,947 131,124 140,154 312,224 331,876 485,882 107 3,954 4.161 3,632 1,943 131 4,836 3,570 10,860 2,106 8,050 3,138 15,812 100,000 V otes. 6 2,300 1 ,2 99,068 1 ,3 37,243 B i r n e y ........................... C l a y ................................. P o l k ................................. 4 9 .8 5 0 .0 5 0 .0 IOWA 5 0 .4 5 1 .1 M ass. . 13 |N . C . 1 2 M d -----1 1 V a _____ 10 M e .. . 9 K y. .. . 8 III. . . . . 7 V t _____ 6 N .H . .. 5 'M i s s . . . 4 M o ......... 3 | A la . . . 2 I R .I. . . 5 1 .4 5 2 .3 5 2 .4 14 5 1 .2 _____ 5 3 .1 5 3 .8 5 4 .0 1 &4.1 _ I 5 4 .8 5 6 .6 5 6 .9 5 9 .1 TENN. U n d e r 55% o f a ll 5 9 .5 1 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 V o t e s . Votea 10*20% 3 0 * 4 0 * 5 0 % _ 4 9 .6 17 I b e l . . . 16 G a _____ Summary C a n d id a te T*em 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 I ! "1 H 56% a n d u n d e r 60^" 00 0 0 ,0 0 Electoral Vote, 1 1 l ■ ■ ■ C a rrie d n o S t a t e . 1 W h ig . ... H e n r y C la;j Jam es K. D e m o c ra tic TAYLOR-1848 SCALE: R ank S tate F la ... R .I.. D e l. . T ex. . A rk . . Io w a L a. . W is . V t. .. N .H . M is s .. A la .. C onn. M ic h . M d. . M o. . | N .J . N .C . . M e . .. !V a . . G a .... K y . .. T enn. 'i l l . . . . M ass. I n d ... IO h i o . P a. In . y . IOWA N .Y . IConn, 100,000 V otes. 3 ,1 1 6 6 ,7 7 9 6,421 4 ,5 0 9 7 ,588 11,084 18,217 13,747 23 ,1 2 2 14,781 25 ,9 2 2 30 ,4 8 2 30,314 23 ,9 4 0 37 ,7 0 2 32,671 40,015 43 ,5 5 0 35 ,1 2 5 45,124 47 ,5 4 4 67,141 64,705 53,047 61 ,0 7 2 69,907 13 8 ,3 6 0 1 85,513 21 8 ,6 0 3 jln d . . |Io w a P a ... M is s .. V a. 10,668 9 ,300 12,093 1 5,370 16,001 10,948 27 ,763 26,537 31,363 27 ,046 3 0,687 3 4,528 40,077 36,901 3 4,869 IO W A . A la .. N .J. 47,907 50,104 52 ,4 5 9 61,845 62,365 65,016 72,355 72,748 77,745 78,419 87,101 91,719 44 ,802 49 ,720 58 ,419 56 ,300 35,281 74,745 154,775 171,176 114,318 Ratio of Predominant to Total Vote, by States, 10*20*80*40*50* W is . . II I . . . M ass. M e. O h io M ic h . V t. SCA LE: 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 i V o te b y L e g is la tu re G a . .. D e l.. M d. Ten n. L a. . M o .. t e n n . A rk ... W / U n d e r 55% o f a ll 116,861 123,124 125,121 134.411 152,752 328,489 367,952 453,431 5 5 % a n d u n d e r 60.% P a r ty Vote* 1 C a rrie d n o S ta te . 291.263 1,220,544 1,360,101 L e w i s < a s s .......................... D e m o c r a t i c W h ite SCALE: N .J .. K y. . T enn. M ass. V a ... 1111. . . In d . . O h io P a . .. In . y . 7,193 12,673 17,005 18,547 19,577 3.’ ,‘ 23 2 35,902 41,919 43.838 44,424 51,365 52.839 64,712 7,404 15,856 17,255 15,038 2 2,173 17,548 16,660 16,147 2 2,240 3 0,357 29,984 3 5,066 3 5,407 3 9,058 3 2 ,543 3 3,859 3 8 ,556 57,068 5 8,893 5 2,683 5 8,572 6 4,934 8 0,901 152,526 1 79,174 2 34,882 100,000 V otes. State W h i« 30 29 28 27 26 25 M ass. . O h io .. C onn. . D e l. N .Y .. . N .C . . M ic h . Io w a V t. . M e. T enn. R .I. K y. i P a ------- PIERCE-1852 42 .0 24 23 22 21 '20 19 18 17 16 111. .. 15 L a . 14 W i s . . . 13 I n d . 12 N . J . 11 M d . 10 C a l . 9 !V a . . . 8 M o. . 7 N .H . 6 F la .. . 5 M i s s ___ 4 A rk . . . 3 A la . . _ 2 G a _____ 68,337 75,140 76,133 78,861 82,182 8 2 ,9 :* 83,211 111,139 115,916 125,275 132,430 155,497 183,170 353,428 386,267 522,294 10 V otes. 50 I 20 30 40 I 127 I SCALE: Hank 4 .3 1 8 6 .318 8 ,7 3 5 1 3,552 12 ,1 7 3 17 ,7 6 3 18,647 26,881 13,044 2 6 ,8 7 6 3 4 ,7 0 5 2 9,997 3 3 ,6 5 8 3 3 ,2 4 9 3 8 ,3 5 3 4 0 ,0 2 0 4 0 ,6 2 6 3 9,744 4 1 ,6 0 9 4 1 ,8 4 2 4 4 ,3 0 5 5 3 ,8 0 6 5 7 ,0 1 8 4 4 ,5 6 9 7 3 ,8 5 8 8 0 ,5 9 7 9 5 ,3 4 0 1 69,220 1 98,568 26 2 ,0 8 3 1 Dem. 10*20*30% 40# 50# Ratio of Predominant to Total Vote, by States. k 49.7 49.8 50.1 50 .3 50.4 50.4 50 .5 50 .6 50 .8 IO W A . 5 1 .3 51 .3 5 1 .7 52 .0 |UNORGAN-| I I2E D ' 53 .2 TENN. 55.7 56.1 56.7 U n d e r 55% o f a ll 6 0 .0 5 5 % a n d u n d e r 60.%. 62.1 64.1 Tex. . . Summary V o te b y L e g is la tu r e . Dectoral Vote, C andidate Votea H a l e ............................... 1 5 6 ,1 4 9 C a rrie d n o S ta te . W in fie ld S c o t t .. F r a n k lin P ie rc e P i e r c e ........................... D e m o c ra tic Ratio of Predominant to Total Vote, ’ by States, SCALE: 10*20%30* 40* 50* SCALE: 6 ,3 5 8 8 ,0 0 4 6 ,6 8 0 21 ,9 1 0 22,164 T ex. . V t,... M is s .. N.H._ A la ... C onn. N.C. M d. . Io w a G a ... N.J._ M o . .. M e. . Cal.. W is . M ic h . T enn. K y. V a. . M ass. In d . . 111. ... O h io P a .... N .Y . 35 ,4 4 6 32 ,7 8 9 46 ,7 3 9 34,995 48 ,2 4 6 39,115 36 ,1 7 0 56,578 46 ,9 4 3 58,164 39 ,0 8 0 53 ,3 6 5 52 ,8 4 3 52 ,1 3 6 73,638 7 4,642 8 9 ,7 0 6 3 9 .2 4 0 1 18,670 105.348 170,874 21 0 ,7 1 0 195,878 lpO.OOO V otes. 4,833 6,175 1.675 10,787 20,709 15,639 545 24,195 422 28,552 2,615 K y. . T enn. C onn. N .H . D e l... M o. . M d ... W is . 86,856 43,954 IOWA KANS. N.C. F la . . M ic h . G a ... 142,372 28,126 82,175 124.604 167,056 235,431 238,9«1 386.497 460,395 596.489 R .I. . V a ... M is s . M e. . A la . . M ass. T ex. A rk .. V t... Summary t e n n F i l l m o r e ...................... , 5 5 % a n d u n d e r 60.% Electoral Vote, 100.000 V otes. Candidate 3 4 7_ ___ _ V o te b y L e g is la tu re . Electoral Vote, F la .. D e l.. R .I ., T e x .. A r k .. [Io w a L a. . A la . . V t. .. M is s .. G a. . |N . H . W is . C onn. IM o . . . M d. . C a l.. N .C . . M e. . M ic h . 2 5 C andidate 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 II 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 i 2 T K y. R .I.. F l a . .. T ex. Votes V a n B u r e n ................ C a s s ................................. T a y lo r— l N.C. Summary C an d id ate 1 3 N .H . Candidate Vote* 8 74,534 C arried M a r y l a n d o n l y . Party M i l l a r d F i l l m o r e ............. A m e r i c a n . . J o h n C . F r e m o n t ___ __ R e p u b l i c a n J a m e s B u c h a n a n ............ D e m o c r a t i c COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. Vote* 8 10 V otes. I 20 30 40 V o te by Le g isla tu re POLITICAL HISTORY P late 9 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS. —Continued. (Based on Tables in the “ American Almanac and Treasury of Facts.” ) Ratio of Predominant LINCOLN-1860. Ratio by States. Rank Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States. R ank S tate L incoln D ouglas 5 ,2 7 0 Oreg. F la - . D e l.— R .I— M in n .. V t. . . L a ____ A rk . .. T e x— N . H . .. M is s ... Conn . A la ----M d. ... N .C— M e___ Ga. . .. C a L ... N .J — Iow a .. T e n n .. 3,951 367 1 ,0 2 3 7 ,7 0 7 1 1 ,9 2 0 6 ,8 4 9 7 ,6 2 5 5 ,2 2 7 3 ,8 1 5 1 2 ,2 4 4 2 2 ,0 6 9 3 3 ,8 0 8 25,881 3,283 15,522 13.651 5,966 2 ,2 9 4 2,701 26,693 J1,590 38,516 3 9 ,1 7 3 5 8 ,3 2 4 62,801 55,111 7 0 ,4 0 9 11,350 1 ,3 6 4 25.651 65,021 86,110 65,057 8 8 ,4 8 0 58,801 1 7 ,0 2 8 1 ,9 2 9 16,290 34,372 1 0 6 ,5 3 3 1 3 9 ,0 3 3 115.509 160,215 1 7 2 ,1 6 1 2 2 1 ,6 1 0 187,232 2 6 8 ,0 3 0 16,765 3 6 2 ,6 4 6 312.510 3 7 ,5 1 9 4 3 ,6 9 2 fSt;:. M ich. Mo. . . . V a -.. Mass. . In d . . . I l l ........ O hio .. Pa. . . . N .Y . . . B reck in rid g e T o tal 3 ,0 0 6 8 ,5 4 3 7 ,3 4 7 183 5 ,4 3 7 3 ,8 6 4 748 1 ,9 6 9 2 2 ,6 8 1 2 8 ,7 3 2 4 7 ,5 4 8 2 ,1 1 2 4 0 ,7 9 7 1 4 ,6 4 1 4 8 ,8 3 1 4 2 ,4 8 2 4 8 ,3 3 9 6 ,3 6 8 5 1 ,8 8 9 3 4 ,3 3 4 62 218 2 0 ,2 0 4 2 0 ,0 9 4 1 5 ,4 3 8 441 2 5 ,0 4 0 3 ,2 9 1 2 7 ,8 2 5 4 1 ,7 6 0 4 4 ,9 9 0 2 ,0 4 6 4 2 ,8 8 6 6 ,8 1 7 1 ,0 4 8 6 4 ,7 0 9 5 3 ,1 4 3 888 805 1 ,7 6 3 6 9 .2 7 4 6 6 .0 5 8 161 405 5 8 ,3 7 2 7 4 ,6 8 1 2 2 ,3 3 1 5 ,3 0 6 3 ,9 1 3 1 2 ,1 9 4 1 2 ,7 7 6 31,317 7 4 ,3 2 3 5 ,9 3 9 1 2 ,2 9 5 2 ,4 0 4 1 1 ,4 0 5 1 7 8 ,8 7 1 SCALE: 1 2 ,4 1 0 1 4 ,3 4 7 1 6 ,0 4 9 1 9 ,9 5 1 3 4 ,7 9 9 4 2 ,8 4 4 5 0 ,5 1 0 5 4 ,0 5 3 6 2 ,9 8 6 6 5 ,9 5 3 6 9 ,1 2 0 7 7 ,1 4 6 9 0 ,3 0 7 9 2 ,5 0 2 9 6 ,0 3 0 9 7 ,9 1 8 1 0 6 ,3 6 5 1 1 8 ,8 4 0 1 2 1 ,1 2 5 1 2 8 ,3 3 1 1 4 5 ,3 3 3 1 4 6 ,2 1 6 1 5 2 ,1 8 0 1 5 4 ,7 4 7 1 6 5 ,5 1 8 1 6 7 ,2 2 3 1 6 9 ,1 7 5 2 7 2 ,1 4 3 338 693 4 4 2 .4 4 1 4 7 6 .4 4 2 6 7 5 ,1 5 6 100,000 V o te s . 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State Cal................... 32.9 M o................... 35.5 Oreg. .......... 42.4 Va....... 44.6 La____ 44.9 K y. . . ’ 45.1 D el— * 4 5 .7 " M d. ... 45.9 Tenn. 47.6 Ga.................... 48.7 N.C.................. 50.3 I l l ..................... In d .. 51.0 N .J. . . 51.8 O hio .. 52.3 A rk — 53.1 N .Y . 53.7 A la .. . 54.0 Iowa .. Pa....... W is. . ............. 56.5 Conn. .......... N .H M ich. . ! .......... Miss................. 59.0 F la ................... 59.5 R .I.............. 61.3 Mass................ M inn. . — M e................... 64 1 T e x .................. 75.4 V t. . . . . . . . ............... 78.9 ...... 100,000 V o te s , C andidate I 1 | [ 1 300,000 400,000 C andidate 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 700,000 1,0 0 0 0 ,0 0 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 P a rry Stephen A. Douglas .. In d . Dem. . 600,000 V otes 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 J . C. B re c k in rid g e .. .. D em ocratic A b rah am L in c o ln ....... R epublican Votes 10 V otes. 200 50 12 39 72 180 2 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 li i| ■ n il 5 8 9 ,5 8 1 D ouglas................. L in c o ln .................. 1 200,000 Summary. B e ll........................ Const. U Breck. Dem Doug. Dem R . . ep. 1 ,3 7 5 ,1 5 7 1 , 8 6 6 ,3 5 2 Ratio by States. SCALE: Rank S ta te 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 N .Y - . Pa....... D e l. . . N . H . .. N .J ----Ind. Oreg. . 111. D em . 10*20 *30 *4 0*50* 51.8 52.8 ... M ic h . . M d ___ 14 13 12 M e. .. 11 Cal. .. 10 9 8 R . I .. . . 7 6 W . Va. 5 Mo. . .. 4 K y. ... 3 Mass. . 2 V t. . .. Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States. Rank S tate L incoln M cClellan T o tal 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Nev. .. D e l- . . O reg ... Kans. . R .I.. .. W .V a. M inn. . 9 ,8 2 6 8 ,1 5 5 9 ,8 8 8 1 6 ,4 4 1 1 3 ,6 9 2 2 3 ,1 5 2 2 5 ,0 6 0 4 2 ,4 1 9 3 6 ,4 0 0 4 0 ,1 5 3 4 4 ,6 9 1 2 7 ,7 8 6 7 2 ,7 5 0 6 2 ,1 3 4 6 1 ,8 0 3 6 0 ,7 2 3 8 9 ,0 7 5 8 3 ,4 5 8 9 1 ,5 2 1 1 2 6 ,7 4 2 1 5 0 ,4 2 2 1 8 9 ,4 9 6 2 6 5 ,1 5 4 2 9 6 ,3 9 1 3 6 8 .7 3 5 6 ,5 9 4 8 ,7 6 7 8 ,4 5 7 3 ,6 9 1 8 ,4 7 0 1 0 ,4 3 8 1 7 ,3 7 5 1 3 ,3 2 1 3 2 ,8 7 1 3 2 ,7 3 9 4 2 ,2 8 5 6 4 ,3 0 1 3 1 .6 7 8 4 3 ,8 4 1 4 4 ,2 1 1 6 8 ,0 2 4 4 9 ,5 9 6 6 5 ,8 8 4 7 4 ,6 0 4 4 8 ,7 4 5 1 3 0 ,2 3 3 1 5 8 ,7 3 0 2 0 5 ,5 6 8 2 7 6 ,3 1 6 3 6 1 ,9 8 6 1 6 ,4 2 0 1 6 ,9 2 2 1 8 ,3 4 5 2 0 ,1 3 2 2 2 ,1 6 2 3 3 ,5 9 0 4 2 ,4 3 5 5 5 ,7 4 0 6 9 ,2 7 1 7 2 ,8 9 2 8 6 ,9 7 6 9 2 ,0 8 7 V t ............ N .H . .. M d----Conn. . Ky. . .. M o.. .. Cal----M e ----N . J ------ Iowa .. W is. . . M ich. . Mass. . In d . . . I l l ........ O hio .. Pa____ J N .Y — 100,000 V otes. M cC lellan........ .. 3 300,000 l 400,000 i j 1 5 5 6 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 6 600,000 700,000 C andidate | P a r ty V otes George B. M c C le lla n .. D em ocratic 21 81 V a c a n t.................................................. A b rah am L in c o ln ....... R epublican 212 800,000 10 V o te s . 50 1 20 30 40 IOO 1 1 1 1I1 r"TTri 150 1 200 1 - r - 5 7 2 ,7 0 7 100,000 V o te s . | 1 69.8 200,000 Summary. Candidate 1 3 SCALE: 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 Vote. 1,0 0 0 0 ,0 0 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,8 0 8 .7 2 5 1 i 1 I I 2 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 1 1 1 GRANT-1868. Ratio of Predominant Ratio by States. SCALE: Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States. Rank 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Grant S tate S ey m o u r Nev. .. Nebr. . D e l- . . R .I .. . . Oreg. . A rk . . . Kans. . W .V a. V t ....... N .H — . M inn. . T e n n .. M d ----Conn. . S.C — . C a l- . . M e - .. La. — A la ----M o— .. K y ------ 6,480 5,218 9,729 5,439 7,623 10,980 12,993 6,548 10,961 11,125 22,112 19,078 31,048 13,990 29,175 20,306 44,167 12,045 38,191 31,244 43,545 28,075 56,628 26,129 30,438 62,357 50,995 47,952 62,301 45,237 54,583 54,077 70,493 42,460 33,263 80,225 76,366 72,088 86,860 65,628 39,566 115,890 N .J — . N .C -.. V\ is. . . Iowa .. Mass. . M ich. . In d . . . I l l ........ O hio .. 83,001 84,601 84,707 74,040 59,408 97,069 166,980 199,143 238,606 313,382 429,883 80,131 96,769 108 857 120,399 136,477 128,550 176,548 250,303 280,223 342,280 N .Y . .. 419,883 KEY SCALE: T o ta l 11,698 15,168 18,603 19,541 22,086 41,190 45,038 49,481 56,212 69,415 71,620 82,757 92,795 98,947 107,538 108,660 112,953 113,488 148,454 U .S .G . I I .S . 100,000 V otes. G r a n t ........ .................. Votes 2 3 4 T p a 61 400,000 155,456 163,132 181,370 193,564 194,439 195,885 225,619 343,528 449,446 518,829 C andidate 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 600,000 700,000 | L ■ P « 't y 1..................... 2 3 V a c a n t.................... H o ra tio S e ym ou r... ..D e m o c ra tic 8 0 Ulysses S. G ra n t .. 214 800,000 900,000 849,766 Summary. C andidate ■ 1 3 200,000 1 3 . 100,000 V otes. 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 , 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 ,7 0 9 ,6 1 3 3 ,0 1 5 ,0 7 1 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. 2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 POLITICAL HISTORY P late 1 0 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS. —Continued. (Based on Tables in the “ American Almanac and Treasury of Facts.” ) Ratio by States. Hank Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States. SCALE: S ta te Grant Greeley Nev. . E X Oreg. D e l... Nebr. F la .. . V t. . .. W .V a. N . H . .. A r k .. . M in n .. M e. ... S .C .--. C a l.... C o n n .. Kans. . T e x .... L a . .. . . M iss... M d .. .. Ga. .. N .C .. . N . J . .. . A la . .. T e n n .. V a ....... K y. . . . W is. .. Mass. . Iow a .. M ich. . M o. . . In d ----111 O hio .. Pa........ N .Y .. . R ank 8,413 13,665 11,819 11,115 18,329 17,763 41,481 32,315 37,168 41,373 55,117 61,422 72,290 54,020 50,638 67,048 47,406 71,663 82,175 66,760 62,550 94,769 91,656 90,272 85,655 93,468 88,766 101,997 133,472 131.566 138,455 119,196 186.147 241,944 281,852 349,589 440,736 6,236 5,329 7,730 10,206 7,812 15,427 10.927 29.451 31.424 37.927 34,423 29,087 22,703 40,718 45,880 32,970 66,500 57,029 47,288 67,687 76,356 70,094 76,456 79,444 94,391 91,654 99,995 86,477 59,260 71,196 78,355 151,434 163,632 184,938 244,321 212,041 387,281 .... Total 100,000 V otes. 14,649 18,994 572 487 20,121 593 600 100 187 1,068 204 596 2,499 908 4,000 42 2,374 834 2,221 1,271 2,861 2,429 1,417 3,058 1,163 2,100 1,454 201 1,630 21,808 26,141 33,190 53,001 62,366 68,892 79,300 89,540 90,509 95,180 95,806 96,928 100,614 116,405 128,692 129,463 134,466 142,906 164,863 168,742 169,716 180,046 185,164 191,135 192,308 192,732 204,983 220,942 273,059 351,196 429,940 529,436 563,260 829,672 200.000 100,000 V otes. Vote* B la c k ..................... 5,608 O’C o nor................ 29,408 G re e le y ................ 2,834,079 G ra n t..................... 3,597,070 D em .-L ib.-R ep. 50.3 52.3 52.4 53.4 55.4 57.1 9 8 7 Me. 6 5 .. Nebr. . R .I. .. 2 S.C. . 1 V t ______ 4 3 D a vid D avis.................. Indopen d’t- 400,000 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 B. G ratz B row n........... L ib .-R e p —Thom as A. H e ndricks. Dem ocratic Ulysses S. G r a n t......... Republican , 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 10 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 .5 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 ,000,00 0 10 V otes. 50 20 30 40 Vote* Party Candidate 300,000 Summary. Candidate S tate 37 36 M d ... . V a ....... D e l___ 33 W . Va. 32 Conn. . 31 K y . . .. 30 Tenn. . Ind. . N .Y . 27 26 25 Ga....... 24 Fla___ 23 N .H . .. 22 N . J . . . 21 W is .... 20 M o___ 19 L a . . .. 1 8 III. . .. 17 Cal. 16 Tex. .. 15 N . C . . . 14 N e v .... 13 Oreg. . 12 M in n . . 11 Pa. . .. 10 1 2 17 18 42 200 250 — [ Ga[ 3 f( r G reeley; X rk 1 6, and La. 8 I—1 Ga. fo . 2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 [ C arried ino S tate. I r Ratio of Predominant HAYES-1876 / m AKU. \ T — j 1 L Electoral Vote, Candidate V ot» P arty 10 V otes. 5 0 I 20 30 40 I IO O 200 Sam uel J . T ild e n ........ D em ocratic R u th e rfo rd B. Hayes . R epublican Summary. 1*)0,000 V otes, Candidate 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 1.0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 .5 0 0 ,0 0 0 Vote* 2.H36 9,522 Cooper................... 81,740 4,033,950 T ild e n .................... 4,284,885 2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 4 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ijc a r r iid no S tate. i r i GARFIELD-1880 r Ratio of Predominant Ratio by States. S tate Hank Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States. Rank State ] Garfield 8,732 18,195 14,150 20,619 23,654 Nev. - - R.I. — D e l... . Oreg. . Fla. . . . C o lo ... V t ____ N .H . .. Nebr. . L a ____ A rk ---W . Va. M is s ... Conn. . Me. . . M in n . . Ala. . . Ga....... C a l. .. . S. M d. . . . K a n s .. Va . .. . N .C .-.T e x— Tenn. . N . J .... K y ....... W is. .. Mass. . Iow a .. M ich . . Mo. . . . In d .... I l l ........ O hio .. Pa-----N .Y . .. 2 7 ,4 5 0 45,090 44,852 54,979 37,994 41,661 46,243 3 4 ,8 5 4 67,073 74,039 93,903 56,178 52,648 80,348 58,071 C. 78,515 121,520 84,020 115,878 57,845 107,677 120,555 104,550 144,397 165,205 183,904 185,190 153,567 232,164 318,037 375,048 444,704 555.544 30 236 " 249 2 7 ,9 6 4 24,647 18,181 40,794 28,523 65,310 60,489 57,391 75,750 64,417 65,171 53,315 90,687 102,522 80,426 . 112,312 . 93,706 59,789 127,976 124,204 156,228 128,191 122,565 147,999 114,634 111,960 105,845 131,300 208,609 225,528 277,321 340,821 407,428. 534.511 1,435 1,212 528 3,853 439 4.079 9.079 5,797 110 189 88 6 4,408 3,267 4,642 481 3,392 566 818 19,710 139 1,136 27,405 5,916 2,617 11,498 7,980 4,548 32,327 34,795 35,045 12,986 26,358 6,456 20,668 12,373 677 412 235 43 191 257 161 799 630 1,156 596 2,642 1,983 2,177 18,343 29,235 29,333 40,816 51,618 53,532 64,593 86,363 87,355 97,201 106,229 112,713 117,078 132.770 143,853 150.771 151,507 155,651 164,166 170,956 173,039 201,019 212,135 241,218 241,478 241,827 245,928 264,304 267,172 2*2,512 322,706 352,441 397,221 470,678 622,312 724,967 874,783 ,104,605 100,000 Votes. 111. 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 Total 9,611 10,779 15,183 19,948 D em . 38 Cal. .. . 3 7 In d ___ 36 N .J ----35 N .Y . .. 34 O reg. . 33 Conn. . Pa. .. 31 W . Va. Colo. .. N .C .... 21 20 19 18 17 16 4 M r... 50.9 51.4 . O hio .. D e l... . N .H . .. Mo. . .. Nev. . . M ich. . Tenn. . W is. .. M d. . .. Fla. . . . K y ....... S .C . . . 3 Ga....... 2 L a -----1 V t. . . . .300,000 49.8 .. 14 A rk . . . 13 Mass. . 12 A la. . . 11 V a ....... JO Kans. . 9 R .I. . . . 8 7 Nebr. . 6 T e x .... 5 M is s ... 200,000 48.9 Rep. 49.3 50.2 50.5 50.5 51.1 51.2 51.4 51.7 51.7 51.9 52.2 ___ 52.3 52.5 53.0 54.0 54.1 54.1 55.9 56.9 56.9 58.4 59.8 60.3 60.4 62.2 64.6 64.7 65.6 65.8 67.1 62.9 Electoral Vote, 69.8 400,000 Candidate 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 p.n, Vote* 200 10 V otes. 50 I 20 30 40 I W in fie ld S. H a n co ck.. D em ocratic Jam es A . G arfie ld . . . Republican 1,0 0 0 0 ,0 0 Summary, C andidate V o te. S c a tte rin g ............ W e a ve r................. 1 2 ,5 7 6 3 0 7 ,3 0 6 G a rfie ld ................. 100,000 V otes. 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 1,0 0 0 0 ,0 0 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 4 ,4 4 9 ,0 5 3 ( C arried no S ta le . COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. 2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 4 , 0 0 0 .0 0 0 3 0 0 P O L I T I C A IJ H I S T O R Y P la t e 11 Rank 88 37 36 So 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State Dem. C al.. .. 48.9 In d .. .. N .J. . . . 49.8 N .Y .... Oreg. ..1 C o n n ...1 P a ......... jW .V a. _ 50.9 111.......... C o lo .. . N .C .__ 51.4 Me. . . . O h io ... Del___ 51.7 N .H ---Mo........ 52.2 N e v .... 52.3 M ich ... T e n n ... 53.0 W is___ Md........ 54.1 F la .. . . 54.1 K y........ 55.9 Io w a .. A rk___ 56.9 M a ss... A la___ 59.8 V a........ 60.3 K a n s... R .I........ M inn... N e b r... T ex ___ 64.6 Miss. .. 64.7 S.C .. .. 65.6 Ga........ 65.8 L a........ 67.1 V t......... .......... P la te 11 Rep. 49.3 .......... 50.2 50.5 50.5 50.8 51.1 51.2 51.4 51.7 51.9 52.5 54.0 56.9 58.4 60.4 62.2 62.2 62.9 69.8 Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States, 1880, Rank 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 11 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State Garfield Hancock Weaver Scattering: R .I....... D el.. .. C o lo ... v t ......... N .H ..-. N e b r... La......... A rk___ W .V a.. Miss.. . C o n n ... Me........ M inn... A la.. .. Ga. — C al.. .. S.C----Md. . . . K an s... Va........ N .C ... T ex . .. T e n n ... N .J .. .. fet::: Mass... Io w a. . M ich... Mo........ In d .. .. Ill......... O h io .. . F a........ N. Y___ 8,732 18,195 14,150 20,619 23,654 27,450 45,090 44,852 54,979 37,994 41,661 46,243 34,854 67,073 74,039 93,903 56,178 52,648 80,348 58,071 78,515 121,520 84,020 115,878 57,845 107,677 120,555 104,550 144,397 165,205 183,904 185,190 153,567 232.164 318,037 375,048 444,704 555,544 9,611 10,779 15,183 19,948 27,964 24,647 18,181 40,794 28,523 65,310 60,489 57,391 75,750 64,417 65,171 53,315 90,687 102,522 80,426 112,312 93,706 59,789 127,976 124,204 156,228 128,191 122,565 147,993 114,634 111,960 105,845 131,300 208,609 225,528 277,321 340,821 407,428 534,511 236 25 249 1,435 1,212 528 3,853 439 4,079 9,079 5,797i 868 4,408 3,267 4,642 481 3,392 566 818 19,710 139 1,136 27,405 5,916 2,617 11,498 7,980 4,548 32,327 34,795 85,045 12,986 26,358 6,456 20,668 12,373 110 189 677 412 235 286 43 191 257 161 799 630 1,156 596 2,642 1,983 2,177 Summary of the Presidential Vote, 1880, Candidate S c a tte rin g ..................... W e a v e r.......................... Vote* 12,576 307,306 G arfield.......................... 4,449,053 1 ___ 123 121 50,000 V otes. 4 ,500 ,0 00 POLITICAL 22 HISTORY 23 r / S U P P L E M E N T A R Y C O U N T Y IN D E X . T h e le tte r s a, b , c, e tc ., d e s ig n a te c o u n tie s o r g a n ized b e tw e e n 1880 a n d 1884. T h e b o u n d a rie s o f n e w 3 0 u n tie s a r e in d ic a te d b y a b ro k e n e o lo r lin e . T h e lu m b e rs d e s ig n a te c o u n tie s w h o se n a m e s w e re v ih an g ed ; th e s a m e n u m b e rs s ta n d in g f o r d iffe re n t n a m e s, in th e In d e x to C ounties, o n p a g e s 45 t o 52. A R IZ O N A . iip fa i— MISSOURI. W eb ster........................25 C oehise........................... c G ila .................................a G raham .......................... b F ;B R ' H tfo • T f°2« O T 8M T .;jio : ARKANSAS. C leb u rn e........................a Cleveland ................... 51) ^ ^ p t V I L S LAKE COLORADO. BOISE FORTE i i IV 0• ; \ W H IT E R EARTH 2 ,5 9 0 NEBRASKA. B row n.............................b C h e rry ............................ a G arfield...........................d L o u p ................................c NEW MEXICO. S ierra...............................a D e lt...................... e D olores........................... h E ag le...............................b G arfield.......................... a M esa................................c M o n tro se ....................... f P itk in ..............................d San M iguel....................g — V 12 jll MONTANA. Silver B ow .. ........... a Y e llo w sto n e................. b vm m m 2 D A K .* i vrrirY NORTH CAROLINA. D u rh a m ......................... b V a n c e ........... ................. a D AKOTA. OREGON. B e n so n ...........................b B utte................................ 1 j Crook. ........................... a K lam ath ......................... b D ickey.............................i Fall R iv er.....................78 SOUTH CAROLINA. G rig g s............................. f B erkeley......................... a . J e r a u ld ......................... m M cL ean......................... .e TENN ESSEE. M cIntosh....................... h P ic k e tt........................... a N elson............................ d R o b erts.......................... k UTAH. S a n b o rn ................. Garfield........................... a S arg en t.................. VIRGINIA. S teele..............................g T ow ner........................... a D ick en so n ......................a W alsh ............................. c WASHINGTON. W ells............................. 17 A dam s.............................e ID AH O . A sotin ........................... h D ouglas......................... c B in g h a m ....................... b F ra n k lin ......................... f C uster..............................a G arfield...........................g KANSAS. K ittita s ........................... b L in co ln ...........................d F in n ey ............................ a S k a g it............................. a K E N TU C KY. W ISCONSIN. K n o tt.............................. a F lo ren ce........................jf. L a n g la d e ....................... d M IC H IG A N . S a w y e r........................... b A renac............................ a W a sh b u rn ......................a M IN N ESO TA. WYOMING. H u b b ard .........................b F rem o n t......................... a N o rm a n ......................... a J o h n s o n ......................... 1 ^ 70 969 71 -13 N .E B R ' *7~ 9 -K N . A50_J'S 5 5 6 7 \:\ti I 7 (Yr 8 'F 5* 10* 15* 20*25*302 35* 40* 45* 5 0 * M ich ... 47.51 N. Y . .. 48.07 48.36 N. J . .. 48.85 C o n n ... 43.94 Ind . 49.51 Illinois. 50.14 W is .... 50.37 W. V a .. 50.93 O h io ... 50.97 50.98 51.05 IN. H ... 51.14 Tenn. . . 51.36 M d....... 52.07 Io w a ... P e n n ... Florida. N. C . .. M o....... Col.. .. M ain e.. Ky. ... N ev_ _ Del . . . . L a ....... N e h . ... A rk . R. I . UNORGANIZED ■ err. t TTT'I----f --- -3 KEY REP. 55.43 C a l ....23 N e b ... 11 C o l....11 N e v ...14 Conn. .34lN. II .26 Del ...1 3 N. J . 35 Fla ...2 0 N. Y . .37 G a _ 4 N. C . .19 _ 111....... 32 O h io . .29 In d .. .34 Ore .. .28 Iow a. .22 Penn. .21 K an ... 8 It. I . .. 9 Ky ...1 5 S .C ... 1 La . . . . 12 Ten n .. 25 M aine.16 T exas. 2 M d— 24 V t . . . . 3 M ass. .36 Va. . 27 M ich ..38 W .Va. 30 M inn.. W is.. .31 54.39 55.37 56.20 57.28 58.07 58.08 58.77 70* cz3T '"-"a ;- J r T A P A Go : / e>0 . /: 00 m 1,198 2fi|..............| 13,i53 10, 19,030 412; ! 26,860 • 726, 1 39,514 785, 1,1 28,031 ............. 36.166 1,981 ’ 43,250 * 552 1,1 21,733 ........................ 46,347 120 338 4 3,509 ......................... 50,806 1,847.. .. 71,716 3,994 2,143 61,096 805 939 76,903 2,899 65,893 1.684 2,489 47,692 135 168 59,144 762 610 85,748 578, 2.827 111,685 3,583 4,084 102,416 2.017 . 2,920 124.090 957 1,151 123,366 3,456 6,153 154,406 16,341 4,954 125,068 454 118,122 1,693 3,139 139,356 138 146,724 24,382 9,925 161,157 4,598 7,656 93,141 3,321 3,534 197.089 .............. 1,472 192.069 753 18,403 202.929 2,153 238,480 8.293 3,028 337,411 10,849 12,0 > 5 400,082 5,170 11,269 473,804 17,002 15,737 562,001 17,002 25,001 12.79 „ 70# V V .- '.I. .131 '['!'• . I: : Y Cleveland Blaine, i Butler. | St. John.) Total. „ 4 : Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States, 1884. 5,MS 16.976 13,391 24,601 17,331 31,769 27,603 39,187 69,845 62,529 76,510 72,927 61,656 67,317 54,291 67,167 94,653 92,973 90,866 70.065 89,288 133,270 127,778 90,132 142.952 152,961 145,497 122,352 146,459 225,309 177,316 189,361 235,988 244,992 312,584 868,286 392,785 563,048 IMP U nder 50# of Total Vote.............. '■ W W; mv T e x a s.. 69.25 'S .C . . 76.26 Nov .. Del. .. It. I __ Oregon. Vt. . Florida. Col. .. N . I I .. S. C .... La .. .. M is s ... A r k . .. . M aine.. W .V a .. N e b .. C o n n ... ( J a ...... Ala. M d ...... M inn.. C a l.... T e n n ... N . J . .. Kan. . N. C ... K y ...... V a ...... M ass.. W is . .. T e x a s.. Io w a ... M ic h ... M o...... In d ...... Illinois. O h io ... P a ...... N Y ... o 60# pc Mm : 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 50# and under 60# of Total Vote- A la . . . 0 M is s .. '5 A r k . . .101 M o ___ 1'8 60.57 63.75 G a ....... 65.94 Elank State. i No Vote Reported........................... 56.39 57.19 58.07 DEM. IN D E X . 52.43 52.68 53.06 53.24 53.50 rt C O 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 37 53 ., scale: Rep. — M I66.. j Dem. 23 16 30 Ratio of Predominant to Total Vote, by States, 1884, Rank States. H-j n j 4 3 & . VNDREAl 09 |603f461 ' CROW] CREEK 100 <ry. : IN D EX. scale: A la ... .21 Miss . 28 A r k .. .27 M o ... 6 C a l... .18 ,N eb.. 24 50,000 V otes. 100,000 150,000 200,000 ^ v C ol... .32 N e v . . 38 Conn. .23 N. H . 31 D el... .37 N. J .. 16 F la . .. .33 N. Y. 1 Ga ... .22 N. C.. 14 111. .. 4 O h io . 3 Ind.. . 5 Ore .. 35 Iowa. . 8 Pa ... 2 K a n . . .15 R. I .. 36 K y ... .13 iS. C .. 30 La ... .29 Tenn. 17 Maine .26 Texas 9 M d ... .20 V t ... 34 Mass. .11 V a ... 12 M ich. . 7 W .V a .25 Minn .19 W is .. .10 : ' 5 A n 1 0 I _S 9 II Mormon Vote ----- ue s Tie Vote..................... \ V j Electoral Vote, 1884. 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 Candidate 800,000 25 V otes. Party Jam es G. B la in e ...............1 epublican.. R Grover C leveland............. D em ocrat. .. 350,000 50 lO O 75 Vote. 182 219 125 j 200 L \ m m a j I I a. The shadings o f co u n tie s In th e T e rri to ries, a re b a se d u p o n th e v o te fo r r e p r e s en ta tiv e s to C ongress. M 400,000 A ftIZ , 450,000 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 7 5 0 ,0 0 0 1,0 0 0 0 ,0 0 ScatteringV ote—N .H .,6; N eb.,47; Ga..895; N .J 784W is.,72; T e x .,12; M ich.,4,284: N.Y.,4,260. 7Wa2,10,360 Summary of the Presidential Vote, 1884, Candidate S c a tte rin g ............. Benj. F. B u tle r... -John P. St. John Jam es G. B lain e.. Grover Cleveland. Vote* 50,000 V otes. 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 7 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 , 1 ,2 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,7 5 0,00 0 2 .00 0,00 0 2 ,2 5 0 ,0 0 0 10,360 133,824 151,830 4,849,680 4.912,696 2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 ,7 5 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,2 5 0 ,0 0 0 3 .5 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,7 5 0 ,0 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 4 ,2 5 0 ,0 0 0 i I COPYRIGHT, 1888, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS. / 4 ,5 0 0 .0 0 0 POLITICAL HISTORY 24 25 SUP P LEM EN TA R Y C O U N TY INDEX. The letters a , ft, c, etc., designate counties organ ized between 1880 and 1888. T he num bers designate counties whose names were changed : the same num bers standing for different names, in th e In d e x to Counties, on pages 45 to 52. LOUISIANA ARIZONA. N. CAROLINA. D urham ............ ft Cochise............. c Acadia.............. V ance................ a G ila............. KANSAS. G raham ............. ft OREGON. F in n ey ............. 58 ARKANSAS. Garfield............59 C rook..................d G illiam .............. .a Cleburne............ G ray . . . . K lam ath..............e Cleveland..........59 Haskell. K iaw a..., M alheur............. . / COLORADO. L ogan... M orrow ...............ft W allowa............. c A rchulette.. .. k Morton.. D elta................... g KENTUCKY. S. CAROLINA. Dolores...............J E agle...................d Carlisle............... B erkeley.............a Garfield................c K n o tt.................. TENNESSEE. L ogan................. a MICHIGAN. P ic k e tt............. a Mesa.....................e Montrose............ h A lger....................c P itk in .................. / A renac................. e TEXAS. San Miguel.......... i Gogebic.. .........a Brew ster............J" W ashington....... ft Iro n ......................ft G reer................... a L uce.................... d Jeff D avis.......... e DAKOTA. M idland...............c B enson................ c MINNESOTA. M ills....................d B u tte ...................p H ubbard............. ft Reeves.................ft D ickey..................I N orm an.............. a Val V erde.......... g E d d y .......... UTAH. Fall R iver......... 78 MISSISSIPPI. G riggs................. g Garfield...............a W ebster............ 25 Jerau ld ................q VIRGINIA. M arshall............. w MONTANA. D ickenson......... a M cLean............... i M cIntosh............k Cascade............ WASHINGTON. N elson.................t Fergus........... A dam s................. / O liver................. J P a rk ................. A ssotin................ i Pierce................ 10 Silver Bow....... Roberts...... Yellowstone. ...e D ouglass............ d F ra n k lin .............a Sanborn_ _ S a rg e n t...,. NEBRASKA. Garfield.............. h K ittitass..............c Steele..................h Tow ner............... a Blaine...................i L incoln................e .ft W alsh ................. d Box B utte............e O kanogan... W ard................... ft Brown............... . / S k ag it................. a Cherry................. c W ells..................17 Dawes.................a WISCONSIN. Garfield...............k Florence..............e FLORIDA. G ran t.................. g Fo rest..................d C itrus..................a De S o to ............... e Keya P a h a ........ d Langlade............. / L a k e .................... ft Logan................... I O neida.................c Loup................... J Saw yer................ ft L ee............. Osceola...............d P e rk in s............. m W ashburn..........a Pasco....................c Sheridan............. ft Thom as.............. h WYOMING. IDAHO. c NEW MEXICO. Converse.............a F rem o n t............. B in g h am .._ _ Jo h n so n ..............1 C uster............. San J u a n ............a Latah...................a Sierra...................ft Sheridan............. ft 9 10 11 18 DA K . ---- v 21 22 8° ,0 | 33 81 —r 61 62 -AN JREAl 603 )461 j 70 81 82 A 6 6 7 8 f* T8 1- 6 I — - 9 ju- -5 -1-L-j1—1J 9 2 2 2 J7 2 3 4 6 62 8 321 33 1 34 h i NEB ■ ? i , — i— 24 ! m i6 6 I 4 :J $ 5 « 54 I 65 \ M ' s* c p r T ^ — ( j .a . ~yn -8 4 - :ANS. 60 Ratio of Predominant to Total Vote, by States, 1888. Rank State. 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 C o n n ... In d ....... N . Y .. . W . V a.. Ohio. .. Ill......... Cal........ M ich ... W is_ _ N. J . . . . Va......... Mo. . .. M d....... N. H . .. N. C .... Rep. Dem. » SCALE: I 5* 10* 151 20*25*30* 35* 40* 45* 5 0* 6 48.66 49.04 49.28 49.50 49.54 49.66 49.73 49.79 96 Vt 98 UNORGANIZED j ----------- 49.35 ‘ 2 I 8 I, 49.87 49.98 50.25 50.33 50.35 51.81 52.27 Io w a . . . P a ......... K y ........ M ass. . . N e b .... O re.. .. R. I . . .. M in n ... D e l.. .. 52.35 52.74 C o l.. . . K ans. . . N e v ___ M e........ F la ... 55.20 55.38 57.42 57.50 53.31 53.37 53.51 53.77 53.88 54.15 &, 1 0 J* 55.10 78 ; 59.36 65.73 67.00 70.31 A la .. .. v t ......... 71.20 85<* 73.33 73.79 82.34 Miss. .. S . C .. .. 78 ,8 9 8 9 161 y v Analysis of the Popular Vote, by States, 1888. Rank State. Harrison. Cleveland. N e v ... D e l.... R. I . . . O re.... V t. . . . F la .... S . C ... N. H ... C o l.... M iss... La. . . . M e.. . . Ga. . . . Conn.. A rk . . . W .V a A la .... N e b .... M d.. .. C a l.... M inn.. N. C... N. J . . . T enn.. Va. . .. K a n s.. M ass.. K y— 7,238 12,973 21,909 33,291 45,193 26,657 13,736 45,728 50,774 30,090 30,701 73,734 40,496 74,584 58,752 78,171 57,197 108,425 99,986 124,816 142,492 134,784 144,344 138,988 150,438 182,904 183,892 155,134 176,553 W is_ T e x .. . Io w a .. M ich.. M o .. .. In d .. . 111. .... O h io .., P a........ N .Y ... 88,280 211,598 236,387 236,253 263,361 370,475 416,054 520,091 650,338 Fisk. Labor. SC A LE: Total. A la.. .22 [Miss. .29 A r k .. .24 M o ... . 6 C al... .19 N ebr. .21 Colo. 30 N ev.. .38 Conn .25 N. H .31 Del. . .37 N. J .. .16 F la ... .33 N. Y . . 1 G a ... .26 N.O. .17 111.... . 4 lOhio. . 3 In d ... . 5 Oreg. .35 Iowa. . 8 P a ... . 2 Kans .13 R. 1.. .30 K y ... .11 S .C .. .32 L a ... Tenn .15 M e ... .27 T ex. . 9 M d.. .20 Vt . .34 Mass. .12 Va. . .11 Mich. . 7 W .Va .23 Minn .18 W is.. .10 50,000 V otes. 5,326 41 . 12,605 16,414 400 . 29,787 17,530 1,251 . *40,775 26,522 1.677 363 *61,914 16,788 1,460 . *63,476 39,501 423 . 66,641 65,825 . *79,941 43,456 1,593 ' 42 90,819 37,567 2,191 1,267 *91,976 85.481 256 115,849 85,032 127 39 *115,961 50.481 2,691 1,344 128.250 100,502 1,808 136 142,942 74,920 4,234 240 153,978 85,962 614 10,613 155,941 78,677 3,084 1,508 159,440 117,320 593 . 175,110 80,552 9,439 ' 4,226 •202,642 106,168 4,767 . 210,921 117,729 5,761 . *251,339 104,372 15,201 1,097 263,162 147,902 2,787 . 285,473 151,493 7,904 . 303,741 158,779 5,969 303,784 151,977 1.678 . 304,093 102,745 6,774 330.250 151,855 8,701 . *344,508 183,800 622 344,779 5,223 155,232 14,277 8,552 354,614 234,883 4,749 29,459 357,371 179,877 3,550 9,105 404,130 213,469 20,945 4,555 475,356 261,954 4,540 18,589 521,336 261,009 9,945 2,694 537,009 348,371 21,703 7,284 747,833 396,455 24,356 3,496 *841,941 446,633 20,947 3,873 *997,568 635,965 30,231 1,146 *1,319,774 2 2 \a . » S an A n t o n i o / ^---1--- _2 7 •.U O G -f - 1 9 7 — ( - 1 9 8 -------------3 \i 27 1 Electoral Vote, 1888. C a n d id a te P a r ty V otes G ro v e r C le v e la n d ------ D e m o c r a t...... 1 6 8 B e n ja m in H a r r i s o n .... R ep u b lic a n .... m NOTE— These m aps an d c h arts are based on th e corrected official re tu rn s except as noted below. In the case of » I n c lu d e s S c a t t e r i n g K . I., 25; O re ., 01; V t., 35; S. C., 380; C ol., 17T; L a „ 02; C al., 1.442, a n d 1,591 (A m .); M ass., 0Q> O hio, 1,580; P a ., 24 (A m these discrepancies. The prom pt acknow ledgem ent from fourteen states resulted In the correction o f ab o u t tw o hundred errors. The other four states have failed to respond, which leaves the slight discrepancies of a single vote In Flor ida, tw o votes In Ohio, and the more Im portant ones of 1,107 in Arkansas, an d 8,040 In Texas. a. The shadings In the T erritories are based on the vote for in Ten representatives In Congress. ?slni , 00 0,00 0 ' 5 0 ,0 0 0 , a n d 2,008 (S ocialist). T o ta l Y,531. Summary of the Presidential Vote, 1888. Candidate. (S c a tte rin g )................ P ro h ib itio n .................. R epublican.................. Democratic................ Vote*. 7,531 148,147 249,890 5,442,877 5,538,584 50,000 V otes. 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 7 5 0 ,0 0 0 1,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,2 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,7 5 0 ,0 0 0 2 . 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 / 2 ,2 5 0 ,0 0 0 COPYRIGHT, 1889, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. 2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 \ 7 5 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 * 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,7 5 0 ,0 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 4 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 4 ,5 U 0 ,0 0 0 I l l —P rogress . IN D E X TO P L A T E S . O R IG IN A L G R A N T S .............................................Plate 12 RANK O F STATES, PO PU LATIO N , 1790-1880, Plate 18 H is to r ic a l D a t a o f th e P r in c ip a l C h a r te r s . P o p u la tio n , T o t a l; P e r S q u a r e M ile. A v e r a g e D e n s ity o f S e ttle d A r e a . T o ta l D o m a in a n d S e ttle d A r e a . C O L O N IA L TERRITORY, 1776........................... Plate 12 S e ttle d A r e a ; L o c a tio n o f F o rts . AREA AND S E TTLE M E N T, 1790-1 8 2 0 ... Plates 13-14 GROW TH OF STATES, PO PULATIO N .. Plates 19-20 T o ta ls , b y D e c a d e s ; P o p u la tio n o f S ta te s , b y D e ca d e s. AREA AND S E TTLE M E N T, 1 8 3 0-1 8 8 0 ... Plates 15-17 RANK OF C IT IE S , POPU LATI ON, 1790-1880, Plate 21 P o p u la tio n o f S ta te s , b y D e c a d e s ; R a ilw a y s . Part A r e a s C o m p a re d . G r o w th o f S e le c te d C itie s ; U r b a n P o p u la tio n . I — HISTORY OF TERRITORIAL CHANGES. E a r ly C o lo n ia l Grants.—The grants extending from the Atlantic to the “ South Sea.” Merrimac of territory made by the English government The third charter of Virginia, of date 1612, after called by its to private individuals and corporations, and the annexed to it all islands within 300 leagues “ Maine.” sub-grants by the latter,— under which most of of the shore, between the parallels of 30° and lying west of the Piscataqua was granted to the early settlement of this country was effected 410 including the Bermudas. , These charters Captain Mason, making him the possessor of and which determined, in great part, the limits were vacated in 1625, and the colony was the lower part of the present New Hampshire. of the thirteen original states,— were, as a rule, transformed into a royal province. A t the time of the dissolution of the Plymouth and the Kennebec rivers, there owners “ Laconia” and In 1629 that portion of this land in the highest degree ambiguous and conflicting. The second of the two companies chartered This was largely due to the ignorance and in 1606 for colonizing in America, after several granted to Gorges. misconception which then prevailed regarding futile attempts at settlement, was reorganized the present state of Maine, lying east of the the geography of this country. in 1620 under the name of the Plymouth Kennebec, had been patented to two other easy to construe many of these old definitions Company, and obtained a new charter. parties, in separate tracts. of limits. called the Great Patent, comprised the country the state was patented to Gorges by the king The grants made in the colonial period were between the 40th and the 48th parallels of in 1639. almost numberless, but as many of them were latitude, extending from the Atlantic to the heirs by the Massachusetts colony for the sum short-lived and exerted no appreciable influence “ South Sea.” of ^1,250, and remained a part of that colony upon the nation’s history, it is unnecessary to crown all the earliest settlements in New include them in this sketch. England were made, the Plymouth Company It is not now In 1606 James I. of England made grants to the so-called “ Virginia Companies,” for two colonies. This, Under this grant from the Company, in 1635, the rest of Laconia was The remaining part of The entire area o f , In 1677 this was purchased of his and state until 1820. The territory of Connecticut was granted in 1631 by the Plymouth Company to Lords making sub-grants for this purpose. One of the first of these was the grant to Say-and-Seal, Brooke and others. Its limits The first comprised a strip of uncer the Massachusetts Bay Company, of the lands were defined in the grant, as follows: A ll that tain breadth along the sea coast, extending lying between lines drawn three miles north part of New England west of the Narragansett from the 34th to the 41st parallel; the second, a of all parts of the Merrimac, and three miles river, extending “ the space of forty leagues like strip, extending from the 38th to the 45th south of the Charles and of Massachusetts upon a straight line near the seashore, toward parallel. Bay. In 1630 the Plymouth colony, although the south and west, as the coast lyeth toward to the 41st parallel, was to be the property of not founded under the auspices of the Ply Virginia, accounting three English miles to the the company first effecting settlement therein. mouth Company, succeeded in obtaining a league; and also all and singular the lands Under the first grant, the Jamestown colony grant of land lying between the Cohasset and and hereditaments whatsoever lying and being was established. Narragansett rivers and extending westward within the lands aforesaid, north and south “ to the utmost bounds of a country in New in latitude, and in breadth and length, and England called Pokanoket, alias Sowamset.” longitude The overlapping area, from the 38th Under the second, no suc cessful attempt at colonization was made. In 1609 K in g James I. granted a second of, and within all the breadth charter in place of the first above noted, In 1622 the Plymouth Company granted embracing the country 200 miles north and 200 to Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain John from the western to the south sea.” miles south of Cape (Old Point) Comfort and Mason, settlements were made between 1633 and 1636, % jointly, the country between the aforesaid, throughout all the main lands there The first SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS. XXX11 mainly by emigrants from Massachusetts. Delaware was acquired by the English in of the Flint and Chattahoochee rivers, thence Others came over from England and settled virtue in other parts of the grant, and in 1662 the claimed by the Duke of York under his grant. king of England consolidated all these infant It was claimed also by Lord Baltimore under settlements, and granted them a charter under his grant. the name of Connecticut. quit-claim deed, from the Duke of York to includes, it is believed, all Penn, and in 1701 Penn granted to Delaware any material bearing upon the present limits the privilege of a separate legislature. of the thirteen original states. In 1644 a grant was made by the crown to the “ Incorporation of Providence Plantations, in the Narragansett Bay, in New England,” com of the treaty of Westminster, and In 1682 it was transferred, by a up the Flint river to the 31st parallel and along that parallel to the Mississippi river. The above is an outline of the principal grants of land made to the colonies, and that have had The charter of Maryland was issued in 1632 prising most of the present area of Rhode to Lord Baltimore. Island. between the fortieth degree of latitude on the O rig in a l L im its o f th e U nited States.— The preliminary treaty of peace with north and the Potomac on the south, the Great Britain, at the close of the Revolution, New Y ork was first settled by the Dutch, southern boundary being, as now, continued gave the United States a territory bounded as who claimed all the country between the 40th across the eastern shore of Chesapeake bay, follows: Commencing on the eastern boundary and 45th parallels of north latitude, under the leaving the lower end of the peninsula in of Maine, the line ran up the river St. Croix to right of discovery and exploration by Hendrick Virginia. its head, thence due north [according to the In 1663 a new charter was obtained for Rhode Island and the Providence Plantations. Hudson. This claim was never recognized by The This included the country first charter of the Carolinas was treaty] to the height of land between the waters the English, and in 1664 K ing Charles II., granted to Sir W alter Raleigh in 1584. Under flowing directly into the Atlantic and those in spite of the charter of Connecticut, and of it several attempts at colonization were made, flowing into the St. Lawrence; and thence, the claims of the Dutch, made a grant to the but all In 1663 the following that height of land, in a westerly direc Duke of Y ork of all the lands between the crown made a grant of the Carolinas to Earl tion, to the northwesternmost head of the Connecticut river and the east bank of Dela Clarendon including in it the Connecticut river; thence along the middle of ware bay. It included also, but apparently territory lying between the 31st and the 36th that river down to the 45th degree of north only nominally, the eastern part of Maine and parallels, and the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. latitude, and along that parallel until it strikes all of Long Island, Martha’s Vineyard and In 1665 a charter supplemental to the above the river St. Lawrence; up the middle of the Nantucket. The Dutch settlements were taken was issued, defining the limits of the grant as St. Lawrence river and the chain of the Great by force of arms in 1664, recaptured by the follows: “ Extending north and eastward as far Lakes to the head of Lake Superior; thence Dutch in 1673, and, in the following year, as the north end of Currituck river or inlet, through the chain of lakes emptying into Lake restored to the English by the treaty of W est upon a straight westerly line, to W yanoak Superior, over the divide, and down the waters minster. In 1685, the Duke of York having creek, which lies within or about the degrees flowing into Hudson’s bay, to the Lake of the succeeded his brother as king of England, this of 36° 30' northern latitude, and so west in a W oods; thence from the most northwestern grant, comprising essentially New York and direct line as far as the south seas; and south point of the Lake of the Woods, on a due west New and westward as far as the degrees of 29, course, to the river Mississippi, down that river inclusive, of northern latitude, and so west to latitude 310 and along that parallel to the ; in a direct line, as far as the south seas.” This middle of the river Appalachicola; thence the It defined fixed the northern boundary as at present. line followed the Appalachicola to its junction the territory as follows: “ Bounded on the east The southern boundary conflicted to some with the Flint river; and, from this point, by the Delaware river, from twelve miles distant extent with the claims of Spain. In 1729, when straight to the head of the St. Mary’s river; northward of New Castle town unto the three- the charter was surrendered, and the grant and down the St. Mary’s river to the Atlantic and-fortieth degree of northern latitude.............. reverted to the crown, South Carolina became ocean. the said land to extend westward five degrees a distinct province. colonies; upon the west were Jersey, became the property of the crown. The first charter of Pennsylvania granted in 1681 to W illiam Penn. was in longitude, to be computed from the said resulted and in failures. others, In 1732 the crown granted a charter to the Upon the north were the British the Spanish possessions, known as Louisiana, and upon the south the Spanish possessions of the eastern boundary, and the said lines to be Colony of Georgia. bounded on the north by the beginning of the constituted a part of the province of South three-and-fortieth degree of northern latitude, Carolina, extending “ from the northern stream The definitive treaty of peace between the and on the south by a circle drawn at twelve of a river commonly called the Savannah, all United States and Great Britain, concluded miles distance from New Castle, northward and along the sea coast to the southward, unto the September westward, unto the beginning of the fortieth most southern stream of a certain other great boundaries of the United States in similar degree of northern latitude, and then by a water or river terms. straight line westward to the limits of longitude westward from the land of the said rivers the United States and the British possessions above will be seen, this respectively, in direct lines to the south seas.” became at once a source of contention between charter was, in comparison with most of the This charter was surrendered in 1752, and the two countries. other colonial charters, singularly clear and Georgia then became a royal colony. In 1764 peace until the settlement of the last point of explicit. George III., in commissioning James W right dispute in 1872, it was the subject of a series of degrees of latitude and as governor of Georgia, defined his jurisdiction treaties, commissions and surveys, for the pur longitude were indicated, a peculiarity which is as extending from the Savannah river and the pose of interpreting its terms or of defining its seen in most of the early charters. Thus, by the parallel passing through its head-waters, on extension westward to the Pacific coast. “ beginning of the three-and-fortieth degree,” the north, to the St. Mary’s river, on the south, treaty of London, signed November 19, 1794, is intended the 42d parallel. and along a line from its head to the junction provision was made for ascertaining whether a mentioned.” As There will also be noted the peculiar manner in which The land embraced in it called the Alatamaha, and Floridas. 3, 1783, reaffirmed the above The northern boundary line between From the conclusion of In the PROGRESS. XXX111 line drawn due west, from the northwest point refused and the matter was again thrown open. fer to Spain in 1763 of all the French possessions of the Lake of the Woods, would strike the The negotiations were protracted for a number west of the Mississippi river; shortly after which Mississippi river, doubts having already arisen of years and the subject became a matter of France gave up to Great Britain, along with the as to this most important point. This question great irritation; collisions occurred in the con Canadas and New Brunswick, the remainder was not settled, however, until 1818. The same tested territory, and at one time war appeared of what was then called Louisiana, comprising treaty made provision for the settlement of the imminent. the eastern slope of the Mississippi valley north identity of the river St. Croix, with that other wise known as the Skotiack. By the Webster-Ashburton treaty, concluded of the Spanish possessions in Florida. The The line was in 1842, the boundary was established, finally, mid-channel of the Mississippi river, thus made established along this stream and its northern very nearly as decided by the king of the the boundary between the English and Spanish branch, the Cheputneticook. Netherlands, both parties, apparently, having domain erected at the head of the latter stream for the wearied of the useless contest. 1783 the western boundary of the United purpose of defining that point. made some minor changes in other parts of the A monument was This treaty also in the coveted valley, became in States. B y the treaty of Ghent, concluded December northern boundary, transferring certain small In the several transfers of the vast region 24, 1814, provision was made for a final adjust islands in the St. Lawrence and St. Mary’s known as Louisiana, to which France, Spain, ment of the points at issue in the northern rivers, and finally establishing the boundary as Great Britain and the United boundary. The commissioners under this treaty far west as the Rocky mountains, as it now parties, the Mississippi river formed the only were successful in settling the ownership of the stands. well defined limit. States were The nearest approach to lands in Passamaquoddy bay and in the river By the treaty with Great Britain in 1846, definiteness was in the grant made by Louis St. Lawrence, but, upon that portion of the line the northern boundary was continued from the X IV . of France to Crozat in 1712 of all the between the head of the river St. Croix and the Rocky mountains westward to the straits of countries watered by the Mississippi and its head of the Connecticut river no agreement Juan de Fuca, along the 49th parallel, and tributaries south of the mouth of the Illinois. was reached. down through the main ship channel of the In 1818 it was agreed with Great Britain above straits to the Pacific ocean. Question The question whether Louisiana, as ceded to the United States by France, extended to that the boundary line should be extended immediately atose, however, as to the definition the westward along the 49th parallel of latitude of the “ main ship channel,” in the straits of discussed, and at one time had a serious from the Lake of the W oods to the Stony Juan de Fuca, the English claiming the Rosario importance in connection with the Oregon [Rocky] strait— the the boundary dispute. The French plenipotentiary, country west of the Stony mountains should boundary; while the United States claimed M. Barbe Marbois, who represented France in be free and open to citizens of both countries that it should follow the Canal Haro. This the affair, published in 1829 a detailed account for a period of ten years after the date of that matter was finally settled by the arbitration of of the negotiations in his “ Histoire de la convention. the emperor of Germany, who in Louisiane,” which, strangely enough, has been were again opened between the two countries favor of the United States on the 21st day overlooked by nearly all who have discussed for the settlement of the boundary west of the of October, 1872, thus disposing of the last the subject. Rocky mountains, but, as the claims of the two remaining point at issue concerning the northern negotiations, the following quotations from his countries were very divergent and were insisted boundary. narrative would seem to be decisive on the mountains; and, further, that the In 1824 and 1826 negotiations most eastern passage— as decided upon with great pertinacity on both sides, no result was reached. Pacific ocean much In view of his position in these point at issue: T h e L o u isia n a P u rch ase.—The or not, has been “ The charter given by Louis first X IV . to Crozat included all the countries In 1827 the points of difference between accession of territory by the United States was watered by the rivers which empty directly the two countries, in regard to the northern the purchase of Louisiana from France, in 1803. or indirectly into boundary of Maine, were referred to the king The terms of the cession were the payment this description comes the Missouri, a river of the Netherlands, as an arbitrator. The of 60,000,000 francs, or about $12,000,000, and that has its sources and many of its tributary United States insisted upon a literal interpreta the assumption by the United States of the streams at a little distance from the Rocky tion of the terms of the treaty of 1783, which claims of its citizens against the French gov mountains. provided that the boundary should follow a ernment. These, which were known as the of cession meant to convey nothing beyond meridian northward from the head of the St. “ French Spoliation Claims,” were estimated them, but the settlement in the interior, which Croix river to the dividing ridge between the at that time to amount to $3,750,000. has resulted from it, and the one on the the Mississippi. Within The first article of the treaty waters flowing into the Atlantic and those The limits of the purchase were defined by flowing into the St. Lawrence, which would place the treaty only in the general terms of the strengthened each other.” the boundary north of the river St. John. treaty of St. Ildefonso, by which Spain in 1800 more explicit when, in recounting the con English government, on the other hand, con had transferred to France “ the Colony sideration given to the question of limits, tended that the divide of land referred to in the Province of Louisiana, with the same extent he says: treaty was that between the waters of the that it now has in the hands of Spain and that made no more objections, and if, in appearing Penobscot and St. John. The decision of the it had when France possessed it,” the only to be resigned to these general terms through king of the Netherlands was a compromise, addition to this description being in the clause necessity, they considered them preferable to making the course of the St. John’s river the conveying to the United States “ the said more precise stipulations, it must be admitted boundary line for the greater part of this territory, with all its rights and appurtenances, that the event has justified their foresight. The distance. as fully and in the same manner as they had shores of the W estern ocean were certainly not but was opposed so strongly by the citizens of been acquired by the French republic.” included in the cession, but the United States Maine that the assent of the United States was same indefiniteness had characterized the trans The This was agreed to by Great Britain, or The Pacific ocean at “ The the west have mutually Marbois is even American plenipotentiaries are already established there.” SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS. XXXIV Therefore it appears that while the country- coast eastward to the meridian of 1060; the is the one which determines the boundary line. now comprised in Oregon, Washington and eastern boundary was the meridian of 106° Owing, however, to the extreme complexity of Idaho was not included in the Louisiana from the parallel of 420 of north latitude, the coast, which is made up of deep fiords and purchase, it was in direct consequence of that southward, to its point of intersection with numberless islands, this definition establishes purchase that the United States assumed juris the Arkansas river, near its head, thence it the boundary line only in very general terms. diction over this territory on the Pacific coast crossed to the head of the Rio Grande, and The northern boundary is the shore of the between the 42d and 49th parallels. followed that stream to a point just south of Arctic ocean. latitude 330; the southern boundary was an through Behring’s straits, and thence down P u rch a se o f th e F lo rid a s.— The irregular line, having a generally westerly through Behring’s sea, in a direction nearly boundary of Louisiana on the east, below course just south of latitude 330 till it struck , southward; giving to the United States St. latitude 310 was for a long time the subject , the head of the Gila river, thence it followed Lawrence of contention between the United States and the Gila river down to its mouth, and thence, Pribylov islands, and the whole chain of the the Spanish possessors of the Floridas, the by a direct line, ran to the Pacific coast, at a Aleutian islands. former contending that the boundary was the point one marine league south of the southern Perdido river, the latter that it was the Missis most point of the port of San Diego, being sippi. the a. This quarrel, which at one time seemed likely to lead to war, was finally settled by the present boundary between upper and lower California. The western boundary passes island, St. Mathews island, the Cession o f W e stern L a n d s to th e G en eral G o ve rn m e n t.— The boundaries between the thirteen original states purchase of the Floridas by the United States, were, at the organization of the United States which was effected on February 22, 1819— The although the transfer did not actually take United States acquired, by the Gadsden pur are at present, with the place until some months later. This accession chase in 1853, that part of New Mexico and western lands owned or claimed by several of territory placed the United States in full Arizona lying south of the Gila river and west of these states. possession of the Gulf coast as far west as of the Rio Grande. The southern limit of this Maine, with its northern boundary as yet the Sabine river, and of the Atlantic coast purchase, as established by the treaty with unsettled, was a province of Massachusetts. of Florida. Mexico, was as follow s: From the point where New Hampshire had the same boundaries as The boundary between the Spanish posses the parallel of 310 47' crosses the Rio Grande, at present, except that its northern limit was sions in the southwest and the United States the boundary ran due west on this parallel 100 uncertain. was defined by this treaty as follows: Com miles; thence south to the parallel of 31020', and aries, was at that time nominally a part of mencing at the mouth of the Sabine river, it along that parallel to the 11 ith meridian; thence New York. followed that river to its intersection with the in a direct line, to a point on the Colorado Massachusetts had very nearly its present 94th that river twenty miles south of the mouth of the boundaries and area, and, in addition, laid claim meridian to the Red river, and up the Red Gila river, and thence up the Colorado to the to all the country lying west of a meridian river to its intersection with the meridian of mouth of that stream. This left the southern passing twenty miles west of Niagara river, ioo°. boundary of the United States as at present. extending south to latitude 420 2', and west to meridian, thence ran north on It then followed this meridian north to G a d sd e n P u r c h a s e .— The the Arkansas river, passed up the Arkansas Government, established very nearly as they exception of the Vermont, with its present bound the Mississippi river— an area some seventy river to its head; and thence ran northward A la sk a . — The last area of country acquired or eighty miles in breadth and comprising the to the parallel of latitude of 420 and westward , by the United States from foreign powers was southern part of Michigan and Wisconsin, and upon this parallel to the Pacific ocean. Alaska. the northern part of Illinois. This purchase was effected in March, 1867, and proclaimed on June 20 of the same The boundaries of Rhode Island have not next acces year, the consideration being $7,200,000 in gold. been materially changed since the formation sion of territory was that of the republic Its limits are as follows: From the southern of the Union. of Texas, which was admitted as a state point of Prince of W ales island, the eastern Connecticut has, with the exception of slight December 29, 1845. The area which was thus line runs, generally, in a northern direction changes, maintained its boundaries as then brought into the Union was limited, as follows: along Portland channel to the 56th parallel of established, but, in addition to its present area, A ll the land lying east of the Rio Grande, and latitude; thence it passes northwesterly along it laid claim to the country lying between embraced within the limits of the Rio Grande the summit of the mountains trending parallel latitude 410 and 420 2, extending westward on the west and south, and the boundayr to the coast, to their point of intersection from the west boundary of Pennsylvania to between the United States and Spain, under with the 141st degree of west longitude; and the Mississippi river, and including what is the Florida treaty of 1819, on the east. thence northward along this meridian to the now the northern part of Ohio, Indiana and Arctic ocean; providing, however, that in case Illinois and the southern part of Michigan. A ccession o f T e x a s —The F ir s t A c c e s s io n from M exico. — In o f T e r r it o r y the summit of the mountains referred to shall The boundaries of New York, with the 1848 a large accession prove to be at a distance of more than ten exception of its western limit, were much the of territory resulted from the Mexican war and marine leagues from the ocean, the boundary same as at present. the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The bound shall consist of a line parallel to the windings however, under an old charter, to all the lands aries of the area thus added, which comprised of the coast, at a distance of ten marine between the sources of the Great Lakes and California, Nevada, Utah and parts of Colorado, leagues from it as far as the intersection of the Cumberland mountains. Arizona and New Mexico, were as follows: this line with the 141st meridian. On the west, the Pacific ocean; on the north, already known concerning the geography of the 42d parallel, extending from the Pacific | the region to assure us that this last condition Enough is This state laid claim, The boundaries of New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland changed. have not been materially PROGRESS: Pennsylvania did not originally extend to XXXV December 18, 1787, New Jersey. admitted, were as follows: Lake Erie with its northwestern corner, but its January 2, 1788, Georgia. Pennsylvania line; northern boundary was prolonged until it met January 9, 1788, Connecticut. river; on the west, the meridian of the mouth its western boundary; the area since added February 6, 1788, Massachusetts. of the Miami river; and on the north, the having April 28, 1788, Maryland. parallel May 23, 1788, South Carolina. of Lake June 21, 1788, New Hampshire. remainder of the as that of W est Virginia, laid claim to the June 25, 1788, Virginia. added to Indiana territory. region July 26, 1788, New York. been at th at, time the property of New York. Virginia, besides its present area, as well of country now including all of of the On the east; the on the south, the Ohio “ most Michigan, southerly and Lake Northwest extreme ” Erie. The territory was 1804. Mississippi territory was enlarged by * Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, November 21, 1789, North Carolina. the addition of all the remainder of the present Michigan, and that part of Minnesota lying May 29, 1790, Rhode Island. areas of Alabama and Mississippi, with the east of the Mississippi river. exception of those portions south of the 31st North Carolina included, besides its present area, the whole of the state of Tennessee. State an d T e rrito ria l Changes. — The following is a chronological sketch of parallel. 1804. The territory of Orleans was South Carolina laid claim to a narrow strip the organization of territories, the admission organized, o f country, twelve or fourteen miles in width, of states and the principal changes in the Louisiana, with the exception of the portion limited on the north by the 35th parallel of boundary lines of states and territories: between the Amite river and lakes Maurepas latitude extending to the Mississippi river. 1788, A provisional government was formed comprising the present area of and Pontchartrain and the Pearl river. The Georgia had, with the exception of the latter for the territory northwest of the Ohio river, remainder of the Louisiana purchase continued strip, besides its present area, an undoubted title popularly known as “ the Northwest territory,” to bear the name of Louisiana territory. to so much of the area of the present states of comprising the present states of Ohio, Indiana, Alabama and Mississippi as was at that time in Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and that part of organized from the northern part of Indiana the possession of the United States. Minnesota east of the Mississippi river. territory. It will be noticed that there is scarcely one The territory south of the Ohio river, com June 30, 1805. Michigan territory was The boundary on the south was a parallel through the most southern point of of these claims which does not conflict with prising the present area of Kentucky and Lake Michigan, extending eastward to Lake others, and there are some which conflict with Tennessee, does not appear ever to have had a Erie, thus coinciding with the western part of nearly all the rest. territorial government. the northern boundary of Ohio. It was largely in order The western to quiet titles to these lands, that steps were March 4, 1791. Vermont was admitted as boundary was a meridian through the same taken by the General Government to obtain a state, with substantially its present boundaries. southern point of the lake, prolonged until it possession of them. Its area formerly belonged to New York. intersected the northern boundary of the United Pending the adoption of the Constitution by the different states, the March 30, 1791. The original District of question of making such a transfer began to Columbia, comprising 100 square miles, was February 3, 1809. The territory of Illinois be agitated. ceded to the United States by the states of was formed, comprising that portion of Indiana Maryland and Virginia. territory It was claimed by the states holding no outlying lands, that those owning them gained thereby undue resources, and consequent advantages for future progress; and further, that in order to maintain posses sion of them, all the states had contributed men and money in proportion to their means, and all should share proportionally. One by one June 1, 1792. Kentucky was admitted, with its present limits. States. lying west of the Wabash river and a meridian passing through the city of Vincennes. June 1,1796. Tennessee was admitted, with April 30, 1812. Louisiana was admitted as a state, with the area and limits of Orleans its boundaries as at present. April 7, 1798. The territory of Mississippi territory. A t the same time the name of was created from a portion of the lands subse Louisiana territory was changed to Missouri the states ceded to the United States their title quently territory. in these lands, as follows: constituted, it comprised an area in the present Louisiana on the southeast were extended to New York, March i, 1781. states of Mississippi and Alabama, limited as the Pearl river, as at present. Virginia, March 1, 1784. follows: On the west by the Mississippi river; 1812. Mississippi territory was enlarged by Massachusetts, April 19, 1785. on the north by a parallel through the mouth the addition of those portions of the present Connecticut, September 14, 1786 (with the of the Yazoo; on the east by the Chattahoochee area of Alabama and Mississippi south of the river, and on the south by the 31st parallel of 31st parallel. exception of the W estern Reserve). Connecticut, May 30, 1800 (jurisdiction of latitude. ceded by Georgia. As originally Jurisdiction over this area remained with the state of Georgia until the final cession the W estern Reserve). South Carolina, August 19, 1787. North Carolina, February 25, 1790. of its lands in 1802. In the same year the limits of December 11, 1816. Indiana was admitted, with its present boundaries. March 3, 1817. Alabama territory was created from part of Mississippi territory, with divided, the divisional line being the meridian its limits the same as those of the present state of the mouth of the Kentucky river. Georgia, April 24, 1802. May 7, 1800. The Northwest territory was of Alabama, excepting that the 31st parallel The R a tifica tio n of the C onstitution. portion east of this line retained the name of — The Northwest territory, that west of it being called thirteen Constitution of original states ratified the the United States, in the following order: Indiana territory. formed the southern boundary. December 10, 1817. mitted, November 29, 1802. Ohio was formed and December 7, 1787, Delaware. admitted as a state, its area being taken from December 12, 1787, Pennsylvania. the Northwest territory. Its boundaries, when with its Mississippi was ad present boundaries, and Mississippi territory ceased to exist. December 3, 1818. Illinois was admitted, with its present boundaries. SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS. XXXVI March 2, 1819. Arkansas was 1836. The northern portion of the western original area not included in her present limits, Its boundary of Missouri was changed to the namely, the parts lying north of the parallel of limits were Missouri river, giving the state the same limits 36° 30', and west of longitude 103°, as far south as at present. as the parallel of 320 . territory created from a part of Missouri territory. northern, eastern and southern established as at present, but westward it September 9, 1850. California was admitted appears to have extended to the boundary 1836. The northern boundary of Ohio was between the United States and the Spanish changed from the parallel of the most southern with its present limits. possessions, namely, to the 100th meridian. The point of Lake Michigan to a direct line running territory acquired from Mexico. clause defining this is vague— “ thence west to from this point to the most northern cape of the western territorial line.” Maumee bay, thereby adding a narrow strip of created, its area being another part of the land and giving the state its present bound territory recently acquired from Mexico. aries. original limits were: On the west, the California December 14, 1819. Alabama was admitted, with its present limits. September 9, 1850. It was formed from Utah territory was Its Michigan, reduced by boundary; on the east, the Rocky mountains; Its boundaries the formation of Wisconsin territory and by on the south, the 37th parallel, and on the north, have remained unchanged, with the exception the above addition to Ohio, was admitted with the 42d parallel. of the northern line, which was for a long its present boundaries. January 26, 1837. March 15, 1820. Maine was detached from Massachusetts, and admitted. December 13, 1850. The territory of New of controversy with Great July 3, 1838. Iowa territory was created. Mexico was created, its area being composed Britain, but was finally adjusted in 1842, by the It originally included all that part of Wisconsin of the remainder of the land acquired from Webster-Ashburton treaty. territory lying west of the Mississippi river and Mexico, and of a part of the land sold to the of a line drawn due north from its source to the United States by Texas. international boundary. follows: On the west the California boundary; time a subject August 10, 1821. The state of Missouri, formed from a part of Missouri territory, was Its limits were as Its on the north the parallel of 370 as far as the , boundaries were originally constituted as at southern boundary was the same as at present; summit of the “ Sierra M adre” (Sangre de present, but the entire western boundary was its eastern boundary was the Mississippi river Cristo) mountains; thence northward along this originally the meridian of the mouth of the as far north as the mouth of the Mankato; summit to the parallel of 38°; then east along Kansas or Kaw river. its this parallel to the 103d meridian. admitted. The northern, eastern and southern March 3, 1845. Ic> wa was Em itted. northern boundary, the parallel passing The eastern territory was through the mouth of this stream, as far west as boundary was this meridian as far as the 32d organized, comprising the area purchased from the meridian of 170 30' west of Washington, parallel. Spain in 1819. which meridian formed its western boundary. parallel as far west as the Rio Grande; thence March 30, 1822. Florida 1824. The western boundary of Arkansas territory was defined as a meridian, start ing at a point forty-five miles west of the March 3, 1845. Florida was admitted, with southern boundary was this the line ran down the Rio Grande to the international boundary, and followed this line its present boundaries. December 29, 1845. The Texas, which had westward, as established by the treaty of southwest corner of Missouri, and running become independent of Mexico in 1836, joined south to Red river, thence down Red river the United States. A t this time it comprised March 2, 1853. Washington territory was to its intersection with the northern boundary all the area extending from the old boundary organized from the northern part of Oregon. of Louisiana. line between the United States and the Spanish The dividing line followed the Columbia river, 1828. The western boundary of Arkansas possessions to the Rio Grande, from its head to from its mouth to the point where the 46th territory was changed, reducing its area to the its mouth, including parts of the present areas parallel crosses it; and thence east to the present limits of the state. of New Mexico and Colorado. summit of the defined as follows: The boundary was Guadalupe Hidalgo. Rocky mountains, coincided From a point on the July 9, 1846. The portion of the District Arkansas river 100 paces west of Fort Smith, of Columbia which had been ceded to the due south to Red river; and, from the same General Government by Virginia, was retro Mexico was point on the Arkansas, in a direct line to the ceded to that state. Gadsden purchase. southwest corner of Missouri. December 28, 1846. June 15, 1836. Arkansas was admitted, with its present boundaries, as above described. northern and Wisconsin territory was formed from parts of Michigan and Missouri As originally constituted, the December 30, 1853. The area of New increased by the area of the May 30, 1854. Nebraska territory was western boundaries of Iowa were changed, created giving the state its present limits. Originally it comprised all the region between May 29, 1848. Wisconsin was admitted, July 3, 1836. territories. The with this parallel. with its present boundaries. August 14, 1848. The territory of Oregon was created. It comprised all the territory from a part of Missouri territory. the 40th and 49th parallels, from the Missouri river to the Rocky mountains. May 30, 1854. Kansas territory was created from the remainder of Missouri territory. Its eastern boundary was the same as that of then belonging to the United States north of eastern boundary was the western boundary of the present state. the 42d parallel of latitude, and west of the Missouri; its southern boundary was the 37th Rocky mountains. parallel, as far west as the 103d meridian; On the north, it extended to the international boundary, as far west as its intersection with White Earth river (a small Minnesota territory was thence the line ran north on this meridian one northern branch of the Missouri in northwestern created, comprising all that part of the former degree, to latitude 38°; thence west to the D akota); thence down the Missouri to a point territory of Iowa not included in the state of summit of the Rocky mountains. due west of the northern boundary of Missouri; Iowa, limit was this summit, and its northern the 40th east on that boundary to the Mississippi; up the boundary of Wisconsin. Mississippi to the northern boundary of Illinois, and east along this boundary. March 3, 1849. and extending east to the western 1850. Texas sold to the General Govern ment, for the sum of $10,000,000, all of her Its western parallel of latitude. May 11, 1858. Minnesota was admitted with its present limits. •• PROGRESS: February 14, 1859. Oregon was admitted, with its present boundaries. The remaining XXXVll 1866. The eastern boundary of Nevada was March 3, 1863. Idaho territory was formed from portions of Washington, Dakota and moved a second degree further east, placing the part of Oregon territory was added to W ash Nebraska territories. Its original limits, which boundary upon the meridian of 370 and the , ington territory. comprised not only the present territory of southern boundary was extended so as to Idaho but all of Montana and W yom ing, were include a triangular area between the California as follows: boundary and the Colorado river, January 29, 1861. Kansas was admitted, with its present limits. The western boundary was the thereby February 28, 1861. Colorado territory was same as at present, the northern boundary, on reducing Utah and Arizona to their present created from portions of Utah, New Mexico, the 49th parallel, ran east to the 27th meridian limits, and giving to Nevada its present extent. Kansas and Nebraska. west of Washington. Its limits were the same as those of the present state. the eastern This meridian formed boundary, while the southern March 1, 1867. Nebraska was admitted, with its present limits. March 2, 1861. Dakota territory was formed boundary was the 41st parallel from the above from parts of Minnesota and Nebraska terri meridian west to the 34th meridian, thence created, with its present limits, from part of tories. north along this meridian to the 42d parallel, Idaho. It originally included an immense area within the following limits: The eastern boundary was the same as at present, the southern boundary was also the same, but was prolonged along the 43d parallel to the summit of the Rocky mountains. The July 25, 1868. and along this parallel to its intersection with the western boundary. W yom ing February 17, 1873. territory was Congress, under the erroneous impression that, by a mistake in This reduced Nebraska, Dakota and W ash defining boundaries, a part of Dakota had been ington to their present limits, and decreased left detached near the point where Idaho, Mon the area of Utah. tana and W yom ing join, passed an act adding western boundary was the hypothetical summit June 19, 1863. W est Virginia, having been of this range, and the northern boundary, cut off from Virginia, was admitted, with its stances, it is difficult to imagine what effect this the 49th parallel. limits as at present. act could have, but the compilers of the Revised These limits comprise all the present area of Dakota and most of Montana and Wyoming. ated. Originally it included that part of Utah lying west of the meridian of 390 west Under the circum was Statutes have given it effect by transferring Its limits have from Montana to Idaho the small area lying been subjected to but a trifling change since its between the continental water-shed and the organization. parallel of 44030', along which the Montana- May 26, 1864. Montana territory created from a part of Idaho. March 2, 1861. Nevada territory was cre such area to Montana. October 31, 1864. Nevada was admitted. Idaho boundary originally ran, between the A t the same time its eastern boundary was meridian of 340 and the summit of the Bitter February 24, 1863. Arizona territory was moved one degree of longitude further east, Root mountains. formed from that portion of New Mexico lying placing it upon the meridian of 38° west of west of the 32d meridian west of Washington. Washington, and reducing Utah to that extent. of Washington. Part C o lo n ia l Epoch.,— The August 1, 1876. Colorado was admitted, with its present boundaries. II— PROGRESS OF SETTLEMENT. first permanent the colony. From this colony, as well as from Delaware. Seventeen years later, this colony settlement within the thirteen original states England, emigrants went into Rhode Island, was was made at Jamestown, Va., in 1607. Connecticut, Amsterdam, and Prior to New Hampshire and Maine. conquered by the Dutch many of of New that nationality that date, there had been numerous unsuc During the decade between 1630 and 1640, settled within its limits. cessful attempts at colonization. The most emigration from the mother country was very minster transferred this, with the other Dutch important of these were the two futile experi active, and the New England colonies thrived possessions in America, to England. ments by Sir apace. Humphrey Gilbert, in 1579 The treaty of W est The first English settlement in New Jersey and 1583, those of Sir W alter Raleigh in In 1623 and 1624 the Dutch commenced 1584, 1585 and 1587, and that of Bartholomew the settlement of Manhattan island, in New population was increased, rapidly at first but Gosnold, in 1602. York. afterward The Jamestown colony The first quarter of a century of the life was made at Elizabeth in very slowly, by 1664, and the influx from the grew but slowly, and for twelve years it had of this colony shows but little growth, but after neighboring colonies. a precarious existence. In 1620 and 1621, 1650 its numbers multiplied with great rapidity, of settlements by the Dutch had amounted to however, it received large accessions, and from and in 1660 the colony of the New Netherlands little. that time its success was assured. was said to have contained 10,000 people. only between 4,000 and 5,000 persons. the colony of Virginia, it was In 1660 estimated, contained 30,000 persons. Meanwhile, settlements had commenced in the present area of Maryland. The Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock in In 1631 a small The earlier beginnings In 1682 New Jersey probably contained The Carolinas do not appear to have received any colonists, except by the extension trading post was established on Kent island, of the settlements 1620, and, in spite of cold, want and disease, in Chesapeake bay. boundary of that colony, until in 1664 a party grew rapidly by accessions of brother dissenters planted at St. Mary’s, on the mainland. from England. settlements were also In 1628 the Massachusetts Bay In 1634 a colony was Other made, and increased in Virginia beyond the of planters from Barbadoes formed the colony of Clarendon, on Cape Fear river. In 1670 a Company commenced to colonize its grant. rapidly, so that in 1660 it was estimated that colony was formed on the Ashley river, and Its first company of settlers located at Salem, Maryland contained 12,000 persons. in 1671-72 this settlement was increased by followed closely by a large number of colonists, In 1638 a company of Swedes and Finns who founded Boston, and made it the capital of settled near the present site of Wilmington, * many Dutch from Manhattan island and from Holland. SCRIBNERS STATISTICAL ATLAS. XXXV111 The settlement of Pennsylvania was com Up to this time the extension of settlement 1790. The first census of the United States, menced in 1681, and from the first this colony had been largely prevented by the French, who taken in 1790, showed a population extending grew with great rapidity, escaping most of the had drawn a cordon of military posts and in a narrow strip along the Atlantic seaboard, infant ills to which all the other American of hostile Indian tribes around the English from the eastern border of the “ District of colonies were for years subject— a result which colonies. In 1763, at the close of the Seven M aine” to the southern boundary of Georgia. was doubtless due in great part to the whole Years War, which had proved disastrous to This strip of populated territory comprised the some policy of its founder. France, the latter ceded to Great Britain all her coast line of Maine, three-fourths of New claims to the territory east of the Mississippi Hampshire, nearly all of Vermont, all of Massa and north of the 31st parallel of latitude. chusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut, the Emigration into and beyond the Appalachian southeastern portion of New York, all of New Augusta, Darien, Ebenezer and on St. Simon’s mountains at once commenced. Settlements Jersey, eastern and southern Pennsylvania, all island were commenced. The colony had a spread rapidly into the valleys of the Shenan of Delaware and Maryland, the eastern two- slow and precarious growth, and twenty years doah and the Tennessee, and over into the thirds of Virginia, nearly all of North Carolina, after its inception numbered but 5,000 white region all of South Carolina, and the eastern part of inhabitants. Kentucky. The first settlement in Georgia was made by Oglethorpe in 1733, at Savannah, and within the next three years settlements at which became later the state of Georgia. From Maine to Georgia population had The population of the colonies in 1688, is Meanwhile, the older colonies themselves, estimated by Bancroft as follows: Massachu while sending out thousands upon thousands spread setts, including Plymouth and Maine, 44,000; of emigrants, continued to grow with great climbing the Appalachian mountain system, New Hampshire, 6,000; rapidity, so that, at the outbreak of the Revolu the Connecticut, tion, the number of inhabitants, exclusive of direction New York, slaves, was estimated by Pitkin at 2,243,000 miles. 20,000; New Jersey, 10,000; Pennsylvania and souls, to which should be added the estimated tion had already been developed: the most Delaware, 12,000; Maryland, 25,000; Virginia, number of slaves, 500,000, making a total northern up the Mohawk valley, in central 50,000; the Carolinas, 8,000. population of 2,743,000. New York; Providence between Rhode Island and Plantations, 6,000; 17,000 gives a total and 20,000; population 200.000 at the end This estimate of, approximately, of three-fourths of a Pitkin gives the fol over the average Atlantic breadth of away from the plain, and settlement, coast, being was in a 255 Four main lines of westward emigra the second, up the course of lowing as the white population of the several the Potomac, through western Maryland; the colonies at this date: third, southwestward down the east Tennessee valley; and the M aryland.......................... 174,000 around the southern Rhode Island................. 58,000 Virginia.............................300,000 Appalachian system. Connecticut......................202,000 North C aro lin a.............. 181,000 New Y o r k ........................ 238,000 South Carolina............... 93,000 “ O f persons of European ancestry, perhaps New Jersey...................... r38,ooo G eorgia............................ 27,000 50.000 dwelt in New Hampshire, 207,000 in Pennsylvania....................341,000 century from the date of the earliest settle New Hampshire.............. 102,000 Delaware.......................... 37,000 ments. Massachusetts.................35 2,000 Mr. Bancroft estimates the population of the colonies, in 1754, to have been as follows: Massachusetts, 35,000 in Rhode Island, and 133.000 in Connecticut; therefore, 425,000 souls. in New England, O f the middle col through end of Georgia, the great Already venturesome pioneers had com menced settlements west of the mountains. About Pittsburgh, in western Pennsylvania, a Mr. Bancroft gives the following table of estimates of the population of the colonies at powerful group up. of settlements had sprung Another important group had taken root in the northern part of Kentucky. different epochs after 1750: Smaller settlements were found upon the Cumberland onies, New Y ork may have had 85,000, New Jersey 73,000, Pennsylvania, with Delaware, fourth, Y ear. White. Black. T otal. river in Tennessee, and in what is now W est Virginia, at the junction of the Kanawha with 195.000, Maryland 104,000, in all not far from 1750 ........................ 1,040,000 220,000 1,260,000 1754 ........................ 1,165,000 260,000 1,425,000 assigned 168,000 white inhabitants, to North 1760........................ 1,385,000 310,000 1,695,000 ments, to the number of a score or more, Carolina scarcely more than 70,000, to South 1770 ........................ 1,850,000 462,000 2,312,000 were scattered over the country east of the Carolina 40,000, to Georgia not more than 1780....................... 2,383,°°° 562,000 2,945,000 Mississippi, chiefly at garrisoned posts. 457.000. * * * * T o Virginia may be 5,000; to the whole country south of the Poto * * Massachusetts, and * * New Hampshire, Maine, may have had 6.000 negroes, Rhode Island 4,500, Connec settlement, the population, and the average density of settlement at each census: ticut 3,500; all New England, therefore, about 14.000. New Y ork alone had not far from Besides these, small isolated settle The total settled area* at this time com The following table gives the total area of Date. 11.000, New Jersey about half that number, T otal A rea of Settlement. T otal Population. Pennsylvania, with Delaware, 11,000 Maryland prised 239,935 square miles, the average density of settlement of which was 16.4 to a square mile. Population per Square Mile. mac 283,000. the Ohio. The length of the inland line which limited the settled area was about 3,200 miles. The “ center of population,” or the center of gravity of the population, supposing each individual to have the same weight, was 44.000, the central colonies collectively 71,000. 1790............................. 239,935 3,929,214 16.4 at that time in latitude 390 i 6 '-5 , and longitude In Virginia there were not less than 116,000, 1800.............................. 305,708 5,308,483 17.4 76° 11'.2, that is, twenty-three miles east of 1810.............................. 407,945 7,239,881 17.7 Baltimore, Maryland. 40,000, in Georgia 1820.............................. 508,717 9,633,822 18.9 1830.............................. 632,717 12,866,020 20.3 about 2,000, so that the country south of the 1840.............................. 807,292 17,069,453 21. I Potomac may have had 178,000.” The total 1850.............................. 979,249 23.191,876 23-7 white population was, according to these esti i860.............................. b i 94,754 3 b 443 , 32 i 26.3 in North Carolina perhaps more than 20,000, in South Carolina full mates, 1,165,000, and the colored population 263.000. 1870.............................. 1,272,239 38 ,558,371 3°-3 1880.............................. L 5 69, 57 o 50 , 155,783 32.0 1800. The beginning of the present century showed marked changes since the date of the * B y the “ settled a re a ” is meant that which contains an average, county by county, of two or more inhabitants to a square mile. Less than this implies only a widely-scattered population, consisting of graziers, or wandering hunters. PROGRESS. XXXIX 77° 37 * or forty miles northwest by west of 2> surrounded by settlements. Atlantic coast had become decidedly broader Washington, D. C. however, had been materially advanced in all between New England and South Carolina, ment had increased to 407,945 square miles, directions. covering nearly all of North Carolina and with an average density of settlement of 17.7 to been removed to Indian territory, and their Virginia, with three-fourths of Pennsylvania and a square mile. fertile lands had been occupied by the whites, New York, and had advanced into Ohio on both length of 2,900 miles. first census. its The area of settlement along the eastern and southwestern border. The total area of settle The frontier line had a total The frontier line, The Indians of the Gulf states had who had long coveted them. The rich bottom lands and the prairies of Arkansas had received The 1820. A t the close of the second decade of settlements in Kentucky and Tennessee had the century nearly all of Ohio was settled, and settlers, while spread toward one another and joined, forming population was working rapidly into southern spread a large and powerful community. Indiana and into southeastern Civilization had obtained a foothold in Iowa A long tongue of settlements had and Wisconsin, and was gradually working In Maine, settlement had enlarged its area Missouri. Illinois, and in Missouri population throughout nearly the entire had state. extended through central Alabama to the Gulf, northward in Michigan. In inclosing between itself and the settled parts settled areas in the New Y ork emigration, moving westward along of eastern Georgia the Creek and Cherokee diminishing and disappearing. the great gap of the Mohawk, between the lands. Adirondacks and the Catskills, had reached held central the settled area of 1830 had been so far filled Lake Ontario and spread down its eastern shore Mississippi, but the southern part of the state up as to shorten the frontier line to 3,300 miles. and along the St. Lawrence, until it had reached and The area of settlement had increased to 807,292 Lake Champlain, and, joining the settlements isolated parts of Arkansas, were in the hands square of Vermont, had of the whites. persons to a square mile, to 21.1. but little. In New Hampshire it had spread northward, covering nearly the entire state. region, which enclosed has the Adirondack remained wilderness until recently. an unbroken From the settlement The Choctaws their own half of in and Chickasaws still northern Louisiana, and together with still The unsettled, inclosed areas Meantime the un interior were rapidly The gaps between the projecting spurs of miles, and the average number of The center in Pennsylvania and western Virginia were of population in 1840 was in latitude 390 2' greatly diminished. and longitude 80° 10', having moved fifty-five about the forks of the Ohio, in southwestern The total settled area in 1820 was 508,717 miles during the decade in a direction slightly Pennsylvania, settlements had spread north square miles, and the average density of settle north of west, to a point sixteen miles south ward, forming a connected chain along the ment 18.9 to a square mile. of Clarksburg, W est Virginia. western border of the state to Lake Erie. had greatly increased in length, being not less The frontier line 1850. The work of occupying the waste The center of population lands within the frontier line of 1840 went on advanced, owing to the opposition of the Creeks had moved westward fifty miles, with a south with speed during the decade, while a new and Cherokees. ward frontier line had been pushed rapidly forward In Georgia, settlement had not materially The settled area at this date comprised 305,708 square miles, and the average popula than 4,100 miles. movement of six miles, bringing it sixteen miles north of Woodstock, Virginia, in into the wilderness. Texas had been admitted, latitude 390 5 7 , and longitude 78° 33'. bringing with it a considerable body of settle By the advance 1830. During the decade previous to 1830 ment, scattered sparsely over its eastern part, and concentration of settlements, the western the frontier line did not advance westward as and the whites were pushing rapidly southward frontier line had been shortened to 2,800 miles. rapidly as before, but the energies of the people down the Florida peninsula. During the decade the center of population had were devoted to settling up the vacant areas wave of migration had been stayed at the moved almost due west, a distance of forty-one surrounded or partially occupied by population border of the Indian territory and Missouri miles, to a point eighteen miles west of Balti during previous decades. territory, which formed as yet an impassable more, in latitude 390i 6'.i , and longitude 76056.5. Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi had been barrier. 1810. A t the date of the third census still crowded within narrower limits by the whites. Missouri now remained unoccupied, and there greater changes were seen, especially in the Florida having been transferred to the United had been marked progress northward in Iowa, settled area west of the Appalachians. The States, the end of the decade found settle W isconsin and Michigan. westward wave had spread over about three- ments scattered all along its upper portion. The discovery of gold in California, soon fifths of Ohio. Population had spread irregularly over the after its acquisition from Mexico in 1848, had three-fourths of Tennessee had been reclaimed more accessible produced an exodus to that El Dorado of a from the wilderness. There were, however, pushed slowly up the Missouri river to the magnitude large areas in the mountain regions of New western boundary of the state, and had spread Within two years after the first discovery of York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Tennessee and northward in Indiana, Illinois and Michigan. the golden sands in the tail-race of Sutter’s tion was 17.4 to a square mile. Nearly all of Kentucky and North Carolina, as yet destitute of settlements. portions The Indian tribes in of Arkansas, had The frontier line of 1830 measured 5,300 mill, On the west the Little of the states of Arkansas and unparalleled 80,000 miners in and modern adventurers times. had flocked to this land of promise. The acquisition of the province of Louisiana, miles, and inclosed an area of 632,717 square early in the decade, was followed by a large miles, with a density of population of 20.3 per influx of the “A m ericain” who were so cor square mile. dially hated by the Spanish-French residents, a point and who swarmed in, mainly from Kentucky, Moorefield, W est Virginia, in latitude 38° 57'.9, population to take possession of the long-coveted outlet and longitude 790 i 6'.9, having moved in the miles southeast of Parkersburg, W est Virginia, for their products. decade thirty-nine miles in a direction slightly in latitude 38° 59, and longitude 810 19', having south of west. moved fifty-five miles during the decade in a The center of population had made, during The center of population was at nineteen miles west-southwest of The settled area of 1850 comprised 970,249 square miles, with an average population of 23.7 to each square mile. The centre of occupied a position twenty-three direction very slightly south of west. the decade, a westward march of thirty-six 1840. Between 1830 and 1840 progress had miles, with a southing of nearly six miles, mainly taken the form, as during the decennial i860. The tide of emigration had, by i860, placing it in latitude 390 1L.5, and longitude period preceding, of filling in areas previously passed over into Missouri territory, the Kansas SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS. xl the present, had spread while the fertile lands of the Red river and decreased in productiveness during the decade, northward in Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and James river valleys, in Dakota and northwestern but to agricultural and grazing interests. Michigan, and made a great advance westward Minnesota, attracted settlers in large numbers. The progress of settlement in California in Texas. The strong current of emigration to Settlements in Kansas and Nebraska having was due to the same cause, as was also that California continued, and great areas of the reached a region where cultivation of the soil in Oregon and Washington territory, which foot-hills and of the valleys were reclaimed. without artificial irrigation is extremely hazard brought within ous, extended westward in long narrow ribbons, whole valley west of the Cascade range. and Nebraska of The settled area in i860 included 1,194,754 the settled area nearly the square miles, the average density of settle following the main streams. Numerous settlers The length of the frontier line in 1880 was ment of which was 26.3 to a square mile. entered western Dakota, brought there by the 3,337 miles, embracing a settled area of no less The center of population had made a giant rich gold deposits of the Black Hills. The than 1,569,570 square miles— or more than stride of eighty miles in a nearly due west great increase of population in Montana and one-half the total area of the United States, direction, to a point twenty miles south of Idaho was due, mainly, to agricultural progress, excluding Alaska. Chillicothe, Ohio, in latitude 390o'-4, and longi although mining played no small part in it. settlement was thirty-two to the square mile, tude 82° 48'.8. W yom ing showed but a slight increase of the slight increase of density over that of 1870 settled area, its best lands having been, until being due to the fact that the population has, recently, held by hostile Indians. in this period of peace and rapid progress, 1870. In the interval from i860 to 1870, the frontier line moved steadily westward over The average density of the great plains, to the west spread itself thinly over a ern boundary of Minnesota, vast extent. and up the Big Sioux river in population moved during the southeastern Dakota, almost decade, in a direction some encircling a small unsettled what south of west, fifty-eight area in northwestern Iowa miles, to a point about eight and adjoining part of Minne miles south of Cincinnati, in sota; through Kansas and latitude 3904'.i and longitude Nebraska it followed gener 84° 39.7, which is but slightly ally the course of the main north of its position in i860. streams, occupying the most The center of The accompanying map fertile lands. shows how closely the center * and in the of population has followed regions of the the 39th parallel in its west West, as also on the Pacific ward course, indicating the In Texas mountain nearly even balance which has been kept coast, settlements increased but slowly, the O f all the states and territories of the effect of the Civil W ar being here especially Cordilleran region, Colorado made the most between the Northwest and the Southwest, in apparent in arresting progress. rapid strides. rapidity of settlement. During the earlier part of the A distinct southward decade it had a steady and rapid growth, due tendency for forty years, was followed by a decade previous to 1870, a distance of forty-two largely to its agricultural interests. The dis general but slighter northward tendency for miles, in a direction about west-northwest, to covery, however, in 1877, of the rich deposits forty years, a turning point having been again a position east by north of silver in the neighborhood of Leadville, reached in 1870. of Cincinnati, Ohio, in latitude 390 12', and caused a stampede thither, only exceeded by longitude 83° that to California in 1849 and 1850. The center of population moved, during the forty-eight miles This exceptional northward movement was due, in part, to the check which the population of the South received from the New change, Mexico except and in the The table below gives the position of the center of population, and its westward move Arizona show little rapid extension ment at each decade: of railroads, which may be expected to bring census of 1870 was, to a considerable extent, about a large increase of population within incomplete as to the Southern states. a few years. The area of settlement embraced 1,272,239 square Utah presents a case dissimilar from that miles, with an average density of 30.3 to the of any of the other territories or states of the square mile. Cordilleran region — an advance by steady, 1880. The decade ending with 1880 was regular growth, without the excitement of one of the most prosperous in the history of mining “ stampedes” or speculation in lands. the settlement of the United States. This is due, in the main, to the character of the In Maine the unsettled area was materially narrowed. In northern New York settlers Mormon population, and to their occupations, which are almost entirely agricultural. The began to press into the Adirondack wilderness. mining interests of Utah are not very exten In Michigan the development of the lumber sive, and its mines resemble the people in industry largely increased the settled region, being, in the main, safe, steady producers. both upon the lower and upper peninsula. The Nevada shows a slight increase of settled same cause operated to push the settlements area as compared with farther north, in Wisconsin not to its mines which, on the whole, have and Minnesota, that of 1870, due, Dt . ae N Lt u e . a it d . x79°.............. 1800.............. 1810.............. 1820.............. 1840.............. 1850.............. i860.............. 1870.............. 1880.............. WLn it i . og u l6.I 1I* 5 5 -7 57-9 O / II.2 76 56-5 7 37-2 7 7 33-° 8 7 16.9 9 2.0 • G> . « H >£« £ §G |r S o U >Q g WW *1 80 18.0 O M 0 0 C O 0 Civil War, and, in part, to the fact that the « / 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 8 3 9 3 8 3 9 3 9 3 9 16.5 59-o 0.4 12.0 4.1 Miles. 76 81 41 36 5° 39 55 55 I9.O 81 82 48.8 83 84 42 35-7 39-7 58 457 The period of Californian settlement, from 1850 to i860, shows the greatest single west ward advance, and that of the Civil War, i860 to 1870, the greatest northward movement. IPITCOGi-IFilESS P la te 1 2 ORIGINAL GRANTS N O TES. E a r l y T e r r i t o r i a l G r a n t s . —B u t five o f th e original g ra n ts a re in d icated , a n d th e se chiefly to show th e ir g re a t a re a and th e e x te n t to w hich th e y ov erlap p ed . T he V irginia of 1609, th e “ G reat P a te n t ” of 1620, an d th e C arolina o f 1663, c o v ered all th e p re se n t a re a o f th e U n ited S ta te s e x c e p t th e e x tre m e n o rth an d so u th , a n d g re a tly o v erlap p ed in a d d itio n ; h e n ce all la te r c h a rte rs g ra n te d p o rtio n s o f th e sam e te rrito ry . T he follow ing b rief d escriptions give th e lim its o f som e o f th e m ore im p o rta n t g r a n ts : V i r g i n i a , 1606 (not in d icated ), co n sisted of th re e p a rts . 1. The g ra n t to th e London C om pany (South V irginia) from 34° to 38° N. L at. 2. T he g ra n t to th e P ly m o u th C om pany (N orth Virginia) from 41° to 45° N. L at. 3. T he in te rv e n in g lands, w hich w e re open to s e ttle m e n t b y e ith e r com pany. As these g ra n ts w e re n o t explicit a s to th e w e ste rn lim it, th e V irginia of 1606 con sisted of a n indefinite b e lt of la n d along th e coast, re a ch in g from th e e x tre m e n o rth of th e c o a s t of M aine a lm o st to th e s o u th ern point o f th e c o a s t of N o rth C arolina. V i r g i n i a , 1609, w a s a strip stre tc h in g from th e A tla n tic to th e Pacific. Its n o rth e rn b o u n d a ry line w as 200 m iles n o rth , a n d its so u th e rn b o u n d a ry 200 m iles so u th of Old P o in t C om fort. (See m ap.) “ G r e a t P a t e n t , ” 1620 (N ew E ngland), included all la n d s lying be tw ee n 40° a n d 48° N . L at. (See m ap.) M a s s a c h u s e t t s , 1629.—“ T h ree m iles so u th of th e riv e r C harles a n d M assach u setts Bay, an d th re e m iles n o rth o f e v ery p a r t o f th e M errim ac R iver, from th e A tlantic to th e Pacific.” (See m ap.) C o n n e c t ic u t , 1631.—“ All th a t p a rt of N ew E ngland in A m erica, extending in b re a d th 120 m iles as th e c o ast lieth, fro m th e N arrag an - A u t h o r i t y . —T he O riginal C h arters a n d H isto ric a l D escriptions. s e tt R iver, to w a rd V irginia; a n d in lo ngitude from th e W este rn O cean to th e S outh S e a .” (See m ap.) C a r o l in a , 1662.— All lands lying b e tw e e n 31° and 36° N. L at. (N o t indicated .) By a n o th e r a u th o rity , 1665.— F ro m 29° to 36° 30' N . L a t. (See m ap.) N e w Y o r k , 1664.—All lands lying b e tw ee n th e C onnecticut and D e law a re R ivers. (N ot indicated.) P e n n s y l v a n i a , 1681 (not in dicated).—T he te rrito ry “ w e st of th e D e law a re R iv er,” w as g ra n te d to W illiam Penn. D elaw are w as in cluded in this g ra n t a n a k n ow n as “ th e lo w e r co u n tie s ” u n til 1669, an d w a s u n d e r th e g o v ern m en t o f P ennsylvania n e a rly one h u n d re d years, d eclaring h erself a s ta te in 1776. G e o r g ia , 1732 (not in dicated).—All lands lying b e tw ee n th e A ltam a h a and S a v a n n ah rivers. In 1763, th is g ra n t w a s e x te n d e d to th e St. M ary’s R iver. COLONIAL TERRITORY, SETTLED AREA, jf AND LOCATION OF FORTS, ’ (B ased on G o v ern m en t R ecords.) ff FuenCM j F T .L e S u e u r IOWA NEB& jV IND, Ft .Orleans KANS. KAPP4 s .o . Ft.MOOKE* O YAFJ U MISS. \ v, O'"*■C AP A t*y''olA *fcr ___ ) r5KGi ^a (■HGYll W R A FT. E IC fiuhEW FT. S illiam ■T.RO SALlg. iEO G FT. R ES >D O lEG jkpiCOLATA l^MOQSA b HWt A G S U U tinE E X P L A N A T O R Y. N O TES. T e r r i t o r i a l C h a n g e s .—N ew H am pshire, R hode Island, N ew Je rse y a n d D elaw are, a re th e o n ly sta te s w hose te rrito ry has re m ained unch an g ed since 1776. T h a t of M aryland h as been ch an g ed only by th e cession o f w h a t n o w c o n stitu tes th e D istrict of C olum bia, an d th a t o f P ennsylvania only by th e accession of th e sm all tri an g le a t h e r n o rth w e s t co rn er. C o lo n ia l C e s s io n s .—The Colonial C ongress, a t a n e arly d a te , u rg e d th e s ta te s h aving w ild w e ste rn la n d s to cede th e m to th e g en eral g o v ern m en t fo r th e m u tu a l benefit o f all th e states. N e w Y o r k . -M a rc h 1, 1781, N ew Y ork ceded h e r so u th w este rn claim s. T hese included “ a ll lands lying b e tw ee n th e lo w e r o f th e g re a t la k e s an d th e C um berland m o u n tain s.” V i r g i n i a .— M arch 1, 1784, V irginia c ed ed h e r te rrito ry n o rth w e st o f th e Ohio R iver, reserv in g all lan d s (6,570 sq u are m iles) lying b e tw e e n th e Scioto an d L ittle M iami R ivers, fo r m ilitary b o u n ty lands. (See m ap, 1790.) In 1776, V irginia m a d e h e r te rrito ry so u th o f th e Ohio R iver a county, nam ing it K e n tu ck y C ounty. In 1783, this c o u n ty w as m ade a d istric t. In 1784, th e people of K en tu ck y D istric t asked to b e m a d e a sta te . A long co n tro v e rsy follow ed, w hich prom ised to re s u lt in fa v o r o f th e D istrict, w hen, in 1788, V irginia ratified th e C onstitution of th e U n ited S ta te s, passing th e q u e stio n o v e r to the ge n eral governm ent. In 1792, K e n tu ck y w a s adm itted . M a s s a c h u s e t t s .— April 19,1785, M assach u setts ceded a ll h e r w e st e rn lands. C o n n e c t ic u t .—Sep tem b er 14, 1786, C onnecticut ceded all h e r la n d s lying w e st o f a p o in t lo c a ted 120 m iles w e st of P ennsylvania. In 1792, she gave 500,000 a c re s in th e w e ste rn p a r t o f h e r “ W este rn R eserve,” to c e rta in o f h e r citizens as com p en satio n fo r p ro p e rty d e stroyed in th e R evolution. In 1795, sh e a lie n a te d th e re m a in d e r o f h e r “ W este rn R eserve ” fo r $1,200,000. S o u t h C a r o l i n a .— A ugust 19, 1787, S outh C arolina ceded all h e r w e ste rn lands, being th e n a rro w strip , tw e lv e o r fo u rte e n m iles w ide, w e st of h e r p re sen t te rrito ry . N o r t h C a r o l in a .— Feb. 25,1790, N o rth C arolina c ed e d w h a t n o w c o n stitu te s th e s ta te o f T ennessee. G e o r g ia .—F e b ru a ry 5,1788, G eorgia offered to c ed e th e tr a c t laid do w n on th e 1800 m ap a s th e “ T e rrito ry o f M ississippi.” Con gress re je c te d th e ofFer. April 24, 1802, she ceded all la n d s w e st of h e r p re sen t lim its. In re tu rn , th e U nited S ta te s c eded to G eorgia th e n a rro w strip on h e r n o rth e rn b o u n d a ry , w hich w a s a t th a t d a te (1802) a p a rt of th e “ T e rrito ry so u th o f th e T ennessee.” (See 1800 m ap.) T h e U nited S ta te s also a g re ed to pay h e r th e p ro c e ed s o f th e sale of c e rta in of h e r ceded lands to c o v er expenses co n n ected th e re w ith ; so th a t besides th e strip on th e n o rth , G eorgia received from th e U n ited S ta te s n e a rly $3,000,000. COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. B o u n d a r i e s .—T he heav y color line sh o w s th e to ta l a re a of th e U nited S ta te s in 1776, an d th e lig h t c olor lines m a rk th e s ta te a n d te rrito ria l divisions. T he black lines in d ic a te th e b o u n d a rie s o f the s ta te s an d te rrito rie s in 1880. S t a t e N a n te s in c olor designate th e sev eral politi c a l divisions as o rganized in 1776, w h e re th e a re a differed from th e a re a in 1880. S h a d i n g . — T h e shading o f th e m ap in d ic a tes th e u n se ttle d p ortion, w hich fo r this d a te is a p p ro x im a te , as no census w as ta k e n u n til 1790. F o r t 8 .—'T he lo catio n of fo rts is ba se d u p o n th e m ap used in th e s e ttle m e n t of bou n d aries a t th e tr e a ty of peace a t P aris, S ep tem b er 3, 1783. PROGRESS P late 13 AREA, S E T T L E M E N T AND TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS. (B ased on G overnm ent R ecords.) fO tl X IOWA N f; EBR 'Va.\ IIH. V KANS. • r t f * UT^KK EXPLANATO RY Population, by States, 1790. Rank State 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Del. .. R .I— G a .. . . N .H ... N .J. .. Conn. S.C. .. N .C ... N .Y ... R a ___ M ass.. V a .. .. Population 59.096 68,825 82,548 141,885 184,139 237,946 249,073 319,728 393,751 425,545 434,373 475,327 747,610 N O TES. A r e a o f 1 7 9 0 . —By th e T re a ty of P e a ce (1783), th e U nited S ta te s acq u ired a large p o rtio n of th e Q uebec an d th e W est F lo rid a o f 1776. P u b l i c D o m a i n . —T he la n d s u n d e r th e c o n tro l of th e g eneral g o v e rn m e n t consisted of fo u r p a rc e ls: 1. T he g re a t “ T e rrito ry N o rth w e st o f th e Ohio River.'* 2. The D istric t o f K entucky. 3. The “ T e rrito ry S outh of th e R iver O hio.” 4. The sm all trian g le n o rth w e st of Pennsylvania. S t a t e s . —'T he a re a s of c e rta in s ta te s w e re g re a tly re d u c e d by th e ir cession o f w e ste rn lands. G eorgia still claim ed th e W est F lo rid a a ddition, an d re fu se d to cede h e r w e ste rn lands. M ary land an d V irginia h a d ceded th e lands c o n stitu tin g th e original D istric t of C olum bia. V erm o n t w a s still em b ra c ed in N ew Y ork, a n d M aine in M assachusetts. (F or Colonial Cessions, see M ap of 1776.) SCALE: 100,000 Population. 200,000 300,000 400,000 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 600,000 700,000 800,000 900,000 1 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 , Jb o u n d a r i e s . —The h eavy color line show s th e to ta l a re a of th e U nited S tates, a n d th e n a rro w c olor lines m a rk th e s ta te an d te rrito ria l divisions a t this d a te . The b l a c k lines in d ic a te t h e boundaries o f th e s ta te s an d te rrito rie s in 1880. S t a t e N a m e s . —T he nam e of a s ta te in co lo r in d icates t h a t its a re a a t this d a te differed fro m its a re a in 1880. The n am es of all th e te rri to ries a re given in color. D a t e s . —'T he figures given in color u n d e r th e n a m e of a s ta te in d ic a te th e d a te of its adm ission. S h a d i n g . —T he s h a d e d p a rts of th e m a p in d icate a to ta l a b sen ce of population, o r a t m o st a p o p u la tio n of less th a n tw o persons p e r sq u are mile. T h e S t a r (if) lo c a te s th e c e n tre of populatio n a s d e te rm in e d b y th e census. AREA, S E T T L E M E N T , AND TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS. (B ased on G overnm ent R ecords.) neer} IOWA KANS. M T ltV KM E X P L A N A T O R T. Population, by States, 1800. Rank State 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Del. .. R .I. .. T e n n .. V t. . . . G a----N .H ... N .J. .. K y .... Conn.M d .... S.C. .. N.C. .. M ass.. N .Y ... P a .. .. V a .. .. Population 64,273 69,122 105 602 154,465 162,686 183,858 211,149 220,955 251,002 341,548 345,591 478,103 574,564 589,051 602,365 880,200 SCALE: 100,000 P o pulation. 200,000 300,000 400,000 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 600,000 700,000 800,000 900,000 1, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 N O TES. A r e a o f 1 8 0 0 . —T here h a d been n o ch an g e in a re a since 1790. P u b l i c D o m a i n . — T h ree p a rc e ls : 1. T h e “ T e rrito ry N o rth w e st o f th e Ohio R iver.” 2. T he T e rrito ry o f Indiana. 3. The S outh C arolina cession, th e n k n o w n a s th e “ T e rrito ry S o u th o f T en n essee.” S t a t e s . —K entucky, T ennessee a n d V e rm o n t h a d b e en a d m it ted. G eorgia still re fu se d to yield h e r w e ste rn lands, a lth o u g h she h a d offered in 1788 to cede th e “ T e rrito ry of M ississippi.” M aine w as still em b ra c ed in M assachusetts, a n d P en n sy lv an ia h a d a c quired th e sm all trian g le lying n o rth w e st. S e t t l e m e n t . —C onsiderable a d v a n c e h a d b een m a d e all along th e line. The s e ttle d a re a o f K e ntucky h a d in c re a se d n e a rly fo u r fold since 1790. Som e of th e sm all settle m e n ts h a d been m erged a n d n e w ones h a d b e en m ad e in th e fa r w est. COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS. B o u n d a r i e s . —The h eavy co lo r line show s th e to ta l a re a of th e U n ited States, an d th e n a rro w c olor lines m a rk th e s ta te a n d te rrito ria l divisions a t this d a te . The b l a c k lines in d ic a te t h e bou n d aries o f th e s ta te s and te rrito rie s in 1880. S t a t e N a m e s . —T he n am e of a s ta te in c o lo r in dicates th a t its a re a a t this d a te differed fro m its a re a in 1880. The n am es of a ll th e te rri to ries a re given in color. D a t e s . —'T he figures given in c olor u n d e r th e nam e of a s ta te in d ic a te th e d a te of its adm ission. 8 h a d i n g . —'T he s h a d e d p a rts of th e m a p in d icate a to ta l ab sen ce of population, o r a t m o st a populatio n of less th a n tw o persons p e r sq u are mile. T h e S t a r (if) lo c a tes th e c e n tre of p o p u la tio n a s d e te rm in e d by th e census. N PROGRESS P la te 1 4 AREA, S E T T L E M E N T AND TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS. (Based on G overnm ent R ecords.) IOWA JC O S / T W* V K KltO R ' iH P K a NS, tenn. . 1796 EXPLANATORY. Population, by States, 1810. scale: Rank State 17 16 15 14 13 Del. .. R .I— N .II.-V t. . . . O h io .. N .J . .. G a ..- , T e n n .. C onn.. Md. .. K y .... S.C. .. N.C. .. M ass.. Pa. . . . N .Y ... V a .. .. 1 2 1 1 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Population 72,674 76,931 214,460 217,895 230,760 245,562 252,433 261,727 261,942 380,546 406,511 415,115 555,500 700,745 810,091 959,049 974,600 N O TES, A r e a o f 1 8 1 0 . —T he p u rc h a se of th e P rovince o f L ouisiana fro m F ran c e in 1803, fo r $15,000,000, h a d m ore th a n d o u b le d th e a re a o f th e U n ited States. P u b l i c D o m a i n . —T h e re w e re six p arcels u n d e r th e c o n tro l of th e G eneral G overnm ent, viz.: T he T e rrito rie s o f L ouisiana, Illinois, Mississippi, In d ian a, O rleans, a n d M ichigan. In 1804 th e w h o le of th e T e rrito ry o f L ouisiana w a s a d d e d to th e T e rrito ry o f In d ia n a as it ex isted in 1800. I t w a s ta k e n a w ay , how ever, th e sam e year, an d becam e th e D istrict o f Louisiana, a n d in 1805 th e T e rrito ry of L ouisiana. The form ation of th e T e rritories of Illinois a n d M ichigan le ft th e T e rrito ry of In d ia n a in tw o p a rts, w hich w e re s e p a ra te d by Lake Michigan. S t a t e s . —Ohio h a d b e en a d m itte d , th e only n e w s ta te since 1800. H er n o rth e rn b o u n d a ry line w a s sev eral m iles so u th of th e p re s e n t one. G eorgia had ceded h e r w e ste rn lands a n d e x te n d e d h e r a re a to th e T ennessee line. M aine w a s still em braced in M assachusetts. S e t t l e m e n t . —T h e a dvance h ad b een rapid, ow ing p a rtly to th e control of th e navigation of th e Mississippi. F o u r u n s e ttle d sections w ere le ft in th e s ettled a rea. 100,000 Population. 900,000 300,000 400,000 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 600,000 700,000 800,000 900,000 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 B o u n d a r i e s . —The heavy color line show s th e to ta l a re a of th e U nited States, and th e n a rro w color lines m ark the s ta te and te rrito ria l divisions a t this d ate. The b l a c k lines in d ic a te t h e boundaries o f th e s ta te s and te rrito rie s in 1880. S t a t e N a m e s . —'T he nam e of a s ta te in color indicates th a t its a re a a t this d a te differed from its a re a in 1880. The nam es of all th e te rri to ries a re given in color. D a t e s . —The figures given in color u n d e r th e n am e of a s ta te in d icate th e d a te of its admission. S h a d i n g . —The s h a d e d p a rts of th e m ap indicate to ta l ab sen ce of population, o r a t m o st a p o p u la tio n of less th a n tw o persons p e r sq u are mile. T h e S t a r (if) lo cates th e c e n tre of populatio n a s d e term in ed by th e census. AREA, S E T T L E M E N T AND TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS. — (Based on G overnm ent R ecords.) r «f a n Mh IC L lewAr IOWA 0 > KANS. te n n ;t i! Italtd’V 1796 . E X P L A N A TO P T. Population, by States, 1820. SC ALE : Rank State 23 m ........ 2 Del. ... 2 2 Miss. 1 2 R .I---0 Ala. .. 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 1 2 1 1 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Ind. .. La. . .. v t . ... N .II.-C onn.N .J. .. M e.. . . G a . ... Md. .. T e n n .. S.C. .. M ass.. Ky.... O h io .. N .C ... Pa. . . . V a .... N .Y ... Population 55,162 72,749 75,448 83,015 127,901 147,178 152,923 235,966 244,022 275,148 277,426 298,269 340,985 407,350 422,771 502,741 523,159 564,135 581,295 638,829 1,047,507 1,065,116 1,372,111 100,000 P o p u latio n . 500,000 300,000 400,000 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 600,000 700 00 0 800.000 i INi 00 0 1,000 , 0 0 0 ,100,000 1, 200,000 1,300,000 1,400,000 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 N O TES. A r e a o f 1 8 2 0 . —T h e a re a re m a in e d th e sam e a s in 1810. P u b l i c D o m a i n . —T hree p arcels : T he T e rrito rie s of M issouri, M ichigan a n d A rkansaw , a s in dicated. S t a t e s —Six n e w s ta te s had been a d m itte d , in th e follow ing o r d e r : Louisiana, In d ian a, M ississippi, Illinois, A labam a, an d Maine. S e t t l e m e n t . —T he n o rth w e s t b o rd e r h a d a d v an c e d m ate ria lly , an d s e ttle m e n t had e x te n d ed th ro u g h A labam a a n d Mississippi to th e G ulf o f Mexico, w hile th e fo u r u n s e ttle d sections of 1810 still rem ained. COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS. B o u n d a r ie s The h e a v y color line show s th e to ti_ ta l a re a of th e U nited S ta te s, a n d th e n a rro w color lines m a rk th e s ta te a n d te rrito ria l divisions a t th is d a te . T he b l a c k lines in d ic a te t h e bou n d aries o f th e s ta te s an d te rrito rie s in 1880. S t a t e N a m e s . —The nam e of a s ta te in co lo r in dicates th a t its a re a a t th is d a te differed fro m its a re a in 1880. T he n am es o f all th e te rri to ries a re given in color. D a t e s . —'T he figures given in c olor u n d e r th e n am e of a s ta te in d icate th e d a te of its adm ission. S h a d i n g . —T h e s h a d e d p a rts of th e m a p in d icate a to ta l ab sen ce of population, o r a t m o st a p o p u la tio n of less th a n tw o persons p e r sq u are mile. T h e S t a r (if) lo c a tes th e c e n tre of p o p u la tio n a s d e te rm in e d by th e census. PBOG-EESS P late 1 5 AREA, S E T T L E M E N T A N D T E R R I T O R I A L D IV I S I O N S . (B ased on G overnm ent R ecords.) IOWA 1 0 * AS nebr; tenn. 1796 Population, by States 1830. Rank State 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Population 76,748 Del. .. 97,199 R .I---136,621 Miss. 140,455 M o ..-157,445 i n ___ 215,739 La. . . . 269,328 iN .H ... 280,652 |V t. 297.675 C onn.. 309,527 Ala. .320,823 N .J. .. 343,031 Ind. 399,455 M e .... M d .. . 447,040 516,823 G a .. . . S .C .. - 581.185 610,408 M ass.. 681,904 T e n n .. 687,917 K y .. .. 737,987 N.O. .. 937,903 Ohio . V a .. . . 1,211,405 1,348,233 Pa. IN .Y ... 1,918,608 E X P L A N A T O R Y. R o u n d a r i e s .—The heav y c o lo r line show s th e to ta l a re a of th e U n ited S tates, a n d th e n a rro w c olor lines m a rk th e s ta te a n d te rrito ria l divisions a t this d a te . The b l a c k lines in d ic a te t h e b o u n d a rie s o f th e s ta te s an d te rrito rie s in 1880. S t a t e N a m e s .—T he nam e o f a s ta te in c o lo r in dicates th a t its a re a a t th is d a te differed fro m its a re a in 1880. The n am es of a ll th e te r r i to rie s a re given in color. D a t e s .—T he figures given in color u n d e r th e n a m e of a s ta te in d ic a te th e d a te of its adm ission. S h a d i n g .—T he s h a d e d p a rts of th e m a p in d icate a to ta l ab se n c e o f population, o r a t m o st a p o p u la tio n of less th a n tw o persons p e r sq u are mile. T h e S t a r ( * ) lo c a tes th e c e n tre of p o p u la tio n a s d e te rm in e d by th e census. SCA LE 100,000 P opulation 200 0,00 300,000 400,000 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 000 0,00 700,000 800,000 900,000 N O TES. A r e a o f 1 8 3 0 .—T he p u rc h a se of “ T h e F lo rid a s ” fro m Spain fo r $5,000,000, in 1821, com pleted th e e a s te rn c o a s t line, e x te n d e d th e g u lf line t o th e m o u th o f th e Sabine R iver, a n d a d d e d a n a re a of 59,268 sq u are m iles. P u b l i c D o m a i n .—The T e rrito rie s o f M ichigan a n d A rk an saw re m a in e d u n c h an g e d . T h e S ta te of M issouri h a d b e en ta k e n from th e T e rrito ry o f M issouri. T he T e rrito ry o f F lo rid a h a d b e en added. S t a t e s .—M issouri w a s a d m itte d in 1821. S e t t l e m e n t . —'T he a re a h a d g re a tly in creased , e x te n d in g w ell in to M ichigan, Illinois, M issouri, A labam a, a n d G eorgia, a n d th ro u g h th e T e rrito ry of A rkansaw . R a i l w a y s .—F o u r s h o rt ra ilw a y s h a d b e en b u ilt, a s ind icated b y a rro w s. (A uthority, H enry Stone, o f “ P o o r’s M anual o f R ail ro a d s.” ) T he first p a sse n g er tra in ra n fro m A lbany to S chenectady in 1831. T o ta l m ileage, 23. 1,0 0 0 0 ,0 0 1, 100.000 1, 200,000 1,300,000 1,400,000 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ARE A, S E T T L E M E N T A N D T E R R I T O R I A L D IV I S I O N S . (B ased on G overnm ent R ecords.) William. IOWA * K A N S^ TENN. 1796 ARK. 1836 U nion "Point' MISS. 1817 TiW ee n , "Wooflville Population, by States, 1840. SC A LE : Rank State 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Del. .. A r k .. . R .I— M ich .. N .H ... V t. . . . C onn.. La. . . . N .J. .. Miss. . M o.. . . Md. .. i n ___ M e .... Ala. S.C. -Ind. .. G a .. . . M ass.. N.C. .. K y .... T e n n .. V a .. . . O h io .. Pa. --. N .Y ... Population 78,085 97,574 108,830 212,267 284,574 291,948 309,978 352,411 373,306 375,651 383,702 470.019 476,183 501,793 590,756 594,398 685,866 691,392 737,699 753,419 779,828 829,210 1,239,797 1,519,467 1,724.033 2,428,921 E X P R A N A TO R Y. 100,000 P o p u latio n . 20 0 0,00 300,000 400,000 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 600,000 700,000 800,000 900,000 1,0 0 0 0 ,0 0 1 , 100,000 1 , 200,000 1,300,000 1,400,000 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 1,600,000 1,700,000 N O TES. A r e a o f 1 8 4 0 .—T h e sam e a s t h a t o f 1830. P u b l i c D o m a i n . —T he “ In d ia n C ountry ” an d th e T e rrito rie s of Io w a, W isconsin, a n d F lorida. In 1834 th e T e rrito ry o f M ichigan e m b raced , in a d d ition to its a re a o f 1830, th e T e rrito ry o f Io w a as h e re in d ic a ted . In 1836 th e T e rrito ry o f W isconsin m clu d ed th e T e rrito ry of Io w a (1840), b u t in 1838 i t w as re d u c e d to th e lim its show n o n th is m ap. S t a t e s . —A rk an sas an d M ichigan h a d b e e n a d m itte d ; Ohio and M issouri h a d b e en e x te n d ed t o th e ir p re s e n t a re a. S e t t l e m e n t .—The “ In d ia n C o u n try ” h a d c h ec k e d th e ad v an c e w e stw a rd ; b u t a ll of Ohio, V irginia, a n d A lab am a h a d b een settled , an d n e a rly all o f In d ian a, Illinois, M ississippi, L ouisiana, and G eorgia; w hile fu r th e r in ro a d s h a d b e en m a d e u p o n M ichigan, A rkansas, an d Florida. R a i l w a y s .—S everal ad d itio n a l ra ilw a y s h a d b e en b u ilt, b u t only one of c o nsiderable length. (A uthority, H en ry Stone.) T o ta l m ileage, 2,818. COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. R o u n d a r i e s .—T he h eavy c o lo r line show s th e to ta l a re a of th e U n ite d S tates, a n d th e n a rro w color lines m a rk th e s ta te a n d te rrito ria l divisions a t this d a te . The b l a c k lines in d ic a te t h e bou n d aries o f th e s ta te s and te rrito rie s in 1880. . S t a t e N a m e s . —T h e nam e of a s ta te in co lo r in d ic a tes th a t its a re a a t th is d a te differed fro m its a re a in 1880. The n am es o f all th e te r r i to rie s a re given in color. D a t e s . —'T he figures given in c olor u n d e r th e n a m e of a s ta te in d ic a te th e d a te of its adm ission. S h a d i n g . —'T he s h a d e d p a rts o f th e m a p in d ic a te a to ta l ab sen ce o f population, o r a t m o st a p o p u la tio n of less th a n tw o persons p e r sq u are mile. T h e S t a r (rk) lo c a tes th e c en tre of po p u la tio n a s d e te rm in e d b y th e census. PEOG-EESS P late 1 6 I n d i a n s .—T h e location of trib e s is ta k e n fro m C aptain E a stm a n ’s m ap, p re p a re d u n d e r th e d irectio n o f th e Gov ern m en t, a n d published (1852) in Vol. III. o f S ch o o lcraft’s “ In d ian H isto ry .” AREA, S E T T L E M E N T , AN D T E R R IT O R IA L DIVISION S. J R A I L W A Y S . (B ased on G overnm ent R ecords.) A MpUorA Jdaurh Chunk-, AiUu^r^ St.Charlc* fa Wn w'i » >S IND. B. uiapoU *\Z* * E d>n',ur* >oos rvANDOTS VN£ES .-^A fA V ^j : Tfct-rJUttj:y*T*t of tbr 3 **s M strife? - ,A K S aa wtA» N Am |^|0 A IS 1821 M Eic'"n0t ^ KASKASKIAS *• OTTAWAS OU/ °AWR ,t n.cv^ a f tenn. Chattanoog* CA”1 ou ' TuK""'11 1* A tbea*. '***& $ % r\e»u,n; a la. jH uotgom ery Population, by States, 1850, Rank State Population 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 F la. . . Del. .. Cal. .. lt.I ---Io w a . A rk ... T e x ... W is .. . V t. . . . N.H._. C onn.. M ich .. N . J . .. La. . . . M d.„_ M e .... Miss. . S.C .. . M o .... Ala. .. n i ....... N .C ... G a.. .. K v .... Ind. . . M ass.. T en n .. V a .. .. O h io .. Pa. . . . N .Y ... 8a'»»nI Br»u«l°n "Vick nburi A oodville V SC ALE: 100,000 Pop u latio n . 87,445 91,532 82,597 147,545 192,214 209,897 212,592 305,391 314,120 317,976 370,792 397,654 489,555 517,762 583,034 583,169 606,526 668.507 682,044 771,623 861,470 869,039 906,185 982,405 988,416 994,514 1,002,717 1,421,661 1,980,329 2,311,786 3,097,394 20 0 0,00 300,000 E X T L A N A TO R T. 400,000 J E to u n d a r ie s .—T he heavy c o lo r line show s th e to ta l a re a of th e U nited S tates, a n d th e n a rro w color lines m a rk th e s ta te a n d te rrito ria l divisions a t this d a te . The b l a c k lines in d ic a te t h e bou n d aries o f th e s ta te s and te rrito rie s in 1880. S t a t e N a m e s . —T he nam e of a st&te in co lo r in dicates t h a t its a re a a t this d a te differed fro m its a re a in 1880. T he n am es of all th e te rri to rie s a re given in color. D a t e s .—T he figures given in c olor u n d e r th e n am e of a s ta te in d ic a te th e d a te of its adm ission. S h a d i n g .—The s h a d e d p a rts of th e m a p in d ic a te a to ta l ab se n c e of population, o r a t m o st a p o p u la tio n of less th a n tw o persons p e r sq u a re mile. T h e S t a r Ofc) lo c a tes th e c e n tre of po p u la tio n a s d e te rm in e d b y th e census. 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 600,000 700,000 800,000 900,000 1 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 , 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 ,5 0 0 , 0 0 0 N O TES. A r e a o f 1 8 5 0 . —The a n n ex a tio n o f T exas in 1845, a n d th e M exican Cession of 1848 (consideration $15,000,000), a d d e d an a re a g re a te r th a n th e original a re a o f 1783. P u b l i c D o m a i n . — The organized T e rrito rie s o f Oregon, U tah, N ew M exico, and M innesota, th e “ In d ia n C o u n try ,” a n d th e sm all u n organized te rrito ry n o rth w e st of it. S t a t e s . — Florida, T exas, Io w a, W isconsin, a n d C alifornia h a d been a d m itte d . In 1850 T exas, fo r a co n sid eratio n o f $10,000,000, released th e G eneral G overnm ent fro m c e rta in pledges a n d ceded h e r n o rth w e s te rn lands. (See m a p o f 1840.) T h e line A B C D in d ic a tes th e n o rth e rn an d w e ste rn boundaries o f Io w a a t th e d a te o f h e r first a d m issio n ; h e r p re s e n t lim its w e re fixed in 1846. S e t t l e m e n t . — W ith th e ex cep tio n of M ichigan, W isconsin, Iow a, F lorida, T exas, a n d C alifornia, a lm ost th e to ta l a re a of th e s ta te s h a d been occupied. T here is no d a ta b y w hich to d e te rm in e th e s e ttle m e n t of th e n ew ly acq u ired te rrito ry p rio r to 1850. R a i l w a y s . —M any of th e original ro a d s h a d b e en connected by n e w links, m aking a n u m b e r of im p o rta n t lines. S ta tis tic s : Miles built, 6,203; p e rc e n t, of increase, 220.12; to ta l m ileage, 9,021. T he m ap exh ib it is based on th e R eport of P ostal R outes fo r 1850. t,0 0 0 0 ,0 0 I n d i a n s .—S earch o f th e G o v ern m ent re c o rd s discovers n o m a p o f th e lo catio n of trib es in 1860. AREA, S E T T L E M E N T A N D T E R R I T O R I A L D IV I S I O N S . (B ased on G overnm ent R ecords.) La Cruuel i Culumbu«# AVatrft*. Haven. Mineral ilence Cellar Rapids •pr a ffl JOWA [ 4 5 Iowa C ity * — Washington _ OUum»»t — Bentonsport » v ^rkersburfi Quinejr piourh KANS. 'C entral Cairo’ Charleston*’ i> P aris Newton Nashville larksville - Knoxville ,M M 1 c int*™ %U& c.ty Colum bia,' t, M'n, H uWic,, Madison •-* Athens ‘ atonton Talladef Population, by States, 1860. Vicksbui Grand On Port Gibi SC ALE : Rank State Oreg. Del. .. F la. . . M inn.. R. V t. .. N .H .. Cal. . A rk .. . Conn.Tex. M e .... N .J. . . Io w a M d .... S. C. . . L a .... Mich W is ... Miss. Ala. . N .C .. G a ... Tenn. K y .... M o... Mass. Ind. . V a ... 111___ Ohio.. P a . ... N .Y ... Population 52,465 112,216 140,424 172,023 174,620 I— 315,098 326,073 379,994 435,450 460,147 604,215 628,279 672,035 674,913 687.049 703,708 708,002 749,113 775,881 791,305 964,201 992,622 1,057,286 1,109,801 1,155,684 1,182,012 1,231,066 l,a50,428 1,596,318 1,711,951 2,339,511 2,906,215 3,880,735 ore«( W eston Selma1 Jreenville J •A lbany 100,000 P o p u la tio n , Tallahassee 200,000 300,000 E X T L A N A T O R T. 700,000 800,000 900,000 1,0 0 0 0 ,0 0 A r e a o f I 8 6 0 . —T h e G adsden P u rc h a se (1853), fo r $10,000,000, ad d ed a n a re a of 45,535 sq u are miles. T u b l i e D o m a i n .—T h e T e rrito rie s o f N e b ra sk a , N ew M exico, U tah, W ashington, K ansas, an d M innesota, th e “ In d ia n C o u n try ,” a n d the sm all unorganized tr a c t n o rth w e s t of it. S t a t e s . —M innesota a n d O regon h a d been a d m itte d . S e t t l e m e n t . —T he a d v an c e a lo n g th e w estern a n d n o rth w e s te rn fro n tie r had been m a rk e d , a n d even m ore m a rk e d in T exas and o n th e Pacific C oast, w hile th e A d iro n d a c k region w a s th e only tr a c t in th e s e ttle d a re a le ft u noccupied. R a i l w a y s .—T he co n stru ctio n h a d b e en re m a rk a b le , especially in Ohio, Indiana, an d Illinois. S ta tis tic s : Miles b uilt, 21,614; p er cen t, o f increase, 239.60; to ta l m ileage, 30,635. T he m a p e x h ib it is based on th e re p o rt of P o sta l R o u te s fo r 1860. 1, 100,000 1 200,000 1,300,000 1,400,000 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 1,600,000 1,700,000 1,800,000 1,900,000 I 2 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 ,5 0 0 , 0 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 3 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 I COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. l i o u n d a r i e s .—T he heavy c olor line show s th e to ta l a re a of th e U n ited S tates, a n d th e n a rro w color lines m a rk th e s ta te an d te rrito ria l divisions a t this d a te . T he b l a c k lines in d ic a te t h e bou n d aries o f th e s ta te s an d te rrito rie s in 1880. S t a t e N a m e s . —T he nam e of a s ta te in co lo r in dicates th a t its a re a a t th is d a te differed fro m its a re a in 1880. T he n a m e s o f a ll th e te rri to ries a re given in color. D a t e s .—T he figures given in color u n d e r th e n am e of a s ta te in d ic a te th e d a te o f its adm ission. S h a d i n g . —T he s h a d e d p a rts of th e m a p indicate to ta l ab se n c e of population, o r a t m o st a p o p u la tio n of less th a n tw o persons p e r sq u are mile. T h e S t a r ( * ) lo c a tes th e c e n tre of po p u la tio n a s d e te rm in e d by th e census. \ PROGRESS P late 17 I n d i a n s . —T he lo catio n o f trib e s is ta k e n from th e m ap accom panying th e “ R eport of th e Com m issioner o f Indian A ffairs ” fo r 1870. AREA, S E T T L E M E N T , AND TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS. A R A I L W A Y S - K •-l.:.•-•• ■ .~[ ’• rJr;‘v wI****-'.: tf t: p (B ased on G overnm ent R ecords.) c.5*i^w>.Sr .Lowvitte C'vtXT* :?A^b '£! Eau Claire '^Mx^no. y*k • •y^S'^yA^g.t^Q. E lflora IOWA. NEBR.- ; Union * Savannah H illabo, Burlingame incheater • Richm ond *M »diaontille. B axter Spring! State N e v ... O re g .. N e b r.. Del. .. F la . .. R .I---N .H ... v t . ... K a n s.. M inn.. W. Va. A rk. .. C onn.. Cal. .. M e .... S.C. .. La. . . . M d.. . . T e x . .. Miss. . N .J. .. Ala. .. Wis. .. N.C. .. M ich.. Ga. . . . Io w a .. [V a .. . . T e n n .. K y .— M ass.. Ind. .. M o .... 111....... O h io .. Pa. . . . 1 N .Y ... 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 89 88 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Population 42,491 90,923 122,993 125,015 187,748 217,353 318,300 330,551 364,399 439,706 442,014 484,471 537,454 560,2471 626,915 705,606 726,915 780,894 818,579 827,922 906,096 996,992 1,054,670 1,071,361 1,184,059 1,184,109 1,194,080 1,225,163 1,858,580 1,321,011 1,457,351 1,680,637 1,721,295 2,539,891 2,665,260 3,521,951 4,382,759 lCnoxtiUe^ ARK. 1836 Population, by States, 1870. Rank W illiamahurg*. Buffington' T, iuAphur SCALE: 100,000 Population. P ort Caddoj M an b aU e. 200 0,00 300,000 .Calvert 400,000 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 Columhui 600,000 E X P L A N A T O B T. Columbia^ 700,000 B o u n d a r i e s .—T he heavy c o lo r line show s th e to ta l a re a of th e U n ited S tates, an d th e n a rro w color lines m a rk th e s ta te a n d te rrito ria l divisions a t this d a te . The b l a c k lines in d ic a te t h e boundaries o f th e s ta te s and te rrito rie s in 1880. S t a t e N a m e s . —T he nam e of a s ta te in c o lo r in dicates th a t its a re a a t th is d a te differed fro m its a re a in 1880. The nam es of all th e te rri to ries a re given in color. D a t e s .—T he figures given in c olor u n d e r th e n am e of a s ta te in d ic a te th e d a te o f its adm ission. S h a d i n g . —T he s h a d e d p a rts of th e m a p in d icate a to ta l ab sen ce of population, o r a t m o st a p o p u la tio n of less th a n tw o persons p e r sq u a re mile. T h e S t a r (if) lo c a te s th e c e n tre of p o p u la tio n a s d e te rm in e d by th e census. 800,000 900,000 N O TES. A r e a o f 1 8 7 0 . — The p u rch ase o f A laska (1867) fo r $7,200,000. a d d e d 577,390 sq u are miles, m aking th e to ta l a re a o f th e U nited S ta te s m ore th a n fo u r tim es th a t of 1783. P u b l i c D o m a i n . —O rganized : T h e T e rrito rie s of W ash in g to n , M ontana, D ak o ta, Idaho, W yoming, U tah, C olorado, A rizona, a n d N ew Mexico. U n o rg a n iz ed : T h e “ In d ia n C o untry ” a n d th e sm all tr a c t n o rth w e s t of it. S t a t e s . —K ansas, W est V irginia, N evada, a n d N e b ra sk a h a d been a d m itte d , in th e o rd e r given. S e t t l e m e n t . —C onsidering th e fo u r y e ars o f Civil W a r th e progress h a d been re m a rk a b le ; n o t only h a d th e fro n tie r a d v an c e d in all directions, b u t th e w e ste rn settle m e n ts h a d in creased largely in a rea. B a i l w a y s . —T he g re a t a chievem ent w a s th e building of th e first railw ay to th e Pacific. S ta tis tic s : M iles b uilt, 22,279; p e r cen t, of increase, 72.72; to ta l m ileage, 52,914. 1 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 , 1, 100,000 1, 200,000 1,300,000 1,400,000 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 1,600,000 -n MO 000 000 000 500 00 0 I n d i a n s .—T he lo catio n o f trib es is ta k e n fro m th e m ap acco m p an y in g th e “ R ep o rt of th e C om m issioner o f In d ian Affairs ” fo r 1880. 0 00 0 0 0 AREA, S E T T L E M E N T , AND TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS. R A I L W A Y S . fr.U*r~,i.3 •,F ;»y.E O . I (Based on G overnm ent R ecords.) l. R O it: - KWT pT c ) e > C COURT, OKEiLLEj OfO \ W .r to v iVWEtJAO#;. .. .-■ ■ NEBR „ , .iflS s J R * r;.ydw. •, ell,.* W eaton T t; V Cl"0< i»oH W arsaw ''Cuv ingtc (CREEl A.Cov*. Population,by States, 1880. Rank State 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 N e v ... Del. .. O re g .. Colo. . Fla. .. 22 21 20 R .I .... V t. . . . N .II.-N eb r.. W. Va. C onn.. M e .... M inn.. A rk ... Cal. . . Md. .. L a .... S.C. .. K a n s.. N .J. -. Miss. . Ala. .. W is... N .C ... V a .. .. G a .. . . T en n .. T e x ... Io w a .. M ich.. 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 K y .... 7 M ass.. 6 In d . .. 5 M o .... 4 m ....... 3 O hio. 2 P a .... 1 N .Y ... Population 62,266' 146,608 174,768 194,327 269,493 276,531 332,286 346,991 452,402 618,457 622,700 648,936 780,773 802,525 864,694 934,943 939,946 995,577 996,096 1,131,116 1,131,597 1,262,505 1,315,497 1,399,750 1,512,565 1.542,180 1,542,359 1,591,749 1,624,615 1,636,937 1,648,690 1,783,085 1,978,301 2,168,380 3,077,871 3,198,062 4,282,891 5,082,871 SC ALE: ^CSCAl^ oJ O, 100,000 P o p u la tio n . 200 C,00 Gaine*vTTl?». SloOlj Stock Yard s, Cisco I Shrevrport Irthage M: < > t r*« n.... 300,000 i lartio 'r » y / Clajfto* ’Houie Arlingta Bamhrn 400,000 Georgetown 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 000 0,00 P a ttiso r 700,000 £ntervr,* e; Tuskawill^* 800,000 900,000 ,0 0 0 0 ,0 0 1, 100,000 1,200,000 1,300,000 1,400,000 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 1,600,000 NO TES. A r e a o f 1 8 8 0 . — T he sam e as th a t of 1870. P u b l i c D o m a i n . —T here h a d b een no change ex ce p tin g th a t m a d e by th e adm ission of C olorado. S t a t e s . —C olorado b ecam e a s ta te in 1876. S e t t l e m e n t . —P rogress had b e en ge n eral a n d rapid, a n d th e fro n tie r e x te n d e d in a n a lm o st d ire c t lin e acro ss th e e n tire c o u n try from n o rth to south. In th e preceding m aps, th e s e ttle d a re a s a re show n a s in th e e arlie r census m aps, a n d e v id e n tly e m b ra c e m any sm all settlem e n ts. On th is m ap th e y a re d ra w n o n a d ifferen t plan. (See n o te, m ap of T o ta l P opulation.) . B a i l w a y s .—Considering th e g re a t financial pan ic o f 1873, th e g ro w th h a d been a stounding. S ta tis tic s: M iles b u " cent, of increase, 73.76; to ta l m ileage, 91,944. COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBls IR ’S SONS. E X P L A N A T O B T. B o u n d a r i e s .—The heavy color line show s th e to ta l a re a of th e U nited States, a n d th e n a rro w co lo r lines, as w ell as th e b la c k lines, m ark th e s ta te an d te rrito ria l divisions a t this d a te . D a t e s .—T he figures given in color u n d e r th e n am e of a s ta te in d icate th e d a te of its adm ission. S h a d i n g . — The s h a d e d p a rts of th e m a p in d ic a te a to ta l ab se n c e of population, o r a t m o st a p o p u la tio n of less th a n tw o persons p e r sq u are mile. T h e S t a r (if) lo c a tes th e c e n tre of p o p u la tio n a s d e te rm in e d b y th e census. P la te 18 P IN < PO PU LA . STA TE NAME. R A N K IN SIZE . Total Population. The population per square mile as here given varies in som e cases from the corresponding figures in the “ Com pendium o f the Tenth Census.” Such differences are due to the fact that account is here taken o f changes in the area of certain States. The original thirteen States are indicated throughout this chart by tinted diagrams. AT EACH UNITED STATES CENSUS. (Pop. per Sq. M. R A N K IN SIZE. T' S tate and Date o f Admission 7 th C e n s u s . 8 th C e n su s. 9 th C e n su s. 1850. I86 0 . 1870. 1 DELAWARE ______ .........December 7, 1787 ' i . N ew Y ork. y 44. 3,097,394 (6 5 .9 ).y 2 PENNSYLVANIA___ ___ D ecember 12, 1787 ‘ 2. Pennsylvania? y 47. 2,311,786 ( 5 1 .4 ) .. R atified the Constitution. f 3. Ohio. 49. 1,980,329 3 SEW JERSEY_____ ___ D ecember 18, 1787 y 4 G EORGIA--. ......... ' 4 . V irginia. y 4. 1,421,661 (2 1 .9 ).y 5 CONNECTICUT____ ...........Jan u ary 9, 1788 y 48. 6 MASSACHUSETTS-.- ......... F ebruary 6, 1788 ' 6. M assachusetts y27. 994,514 (123.7). y 7 MARYLAND______ ______ A pril 28, 1788 ' 7. Indiana. y24.. 988,416 (27.5). , 8 SOUTH CAROLINA.. ........... ..M a y 23, 1788 ' 8. K entucky. y 2 o. 982,405 (24.6). . 9 NEW HAMPSHIRE-. ..............-J a n e 21, 1788 ' 9. Georgia. y 5. 906,185 (15.4). y 10 VIRGINIA_________ ...............Ju n e 25, 1788 '1 0 . N. Carolina. y43. 869,039 (17.9). , (48.6). ' 5. Tennessee. 1,002,717 (2 4 .0 ).y '1 1 . Illinois. 11 ...............J u ly 26, 1788 NEW YORK_______ y 7. 851,470 (15.2). y 12 NORTH CAROLINA.. ..N o v e m b er 21, 1789 '1 2 . Alabama. k 42. 771,623 (1 4 .9 ) y 13 RHODE ISL A N D ...- ...............May 29, 1790 '1 3 . M issouri. y 3. 6 82,044 (9 .9 ). y 1 4 VERMONT............ .............M arch 4, 1791 '1 4 . S. Carolina. y22. 6 68,507 (22.2). y 15 KENTUCKY_______ .................Ju n e 1, 1792 r 1 5 . M ississippi. y 45. 606,526 (1 3 .1 ). 1 16 TENNESSEE ______ '1 6 . Maine. y23. 583,169 (19.5). j 17 OHIO ___________ — N ovem ber 29, 1802 ' 17. M aryland. y 24. 583,034 (5 9 .1 ). y 18 LOUISIANA............... ______ A pril 30, 1812 '1 8 . Louisiana. y46. 517,762 (1 1 .4 ). 1 19 INDIANA _________ '1 9 . New Jersey. ' y28. 4 89,555 (65.7). y A dm ission took effect. ' ’ '2 0 . M ichigan. 20 M ISSISSIPPI ______ . . . D ecember 10, 1817 y 21 ILLINOIS ________ ___ December 3, 1818 '2 1 . Connecticut. ' i 29. 3 70,792 (76.5). y 22 ALABAMA................ '2 2 . N .H am pshire? y 26. 817,976 (3 5 .3 ). y 23 MAINE __________ .............M arch 15, 1820 '2 3 . V erm ont, y 2 5 . 314,120 (34.4). y 24 MISSOURI_______ '2 4 . W isconsin. y 9 . 305,391 (5.6). y 25 ARKANSAS_______ ...............Ju n e 15, 1836 j ’ k 4. 2 12,592 (0 .8 ) 2 6 . A rkansas. k 44. 209,897 (3 .9 ). y ' y March 8. 1845; with enlarged be JSSS? Dec. 28, 1846 _______ May 29, 1848 31 CALIFORNIA....... . ___ Septem ber 9,1850 ' i 28 TEXAS __________ __ December 29, 1845 30 WISCONSIN_______ 397,654 (6.9). '2 7 . Iowa. 27 FLORIDA ............... 29 TfilVl, tU lia 6. '2 5 . Texas. ' 26 MICHIGAN_______ ........ Jan u a ry 26, 1837 y 33 OREGON__________ 34 KANSAS___________ ____ Jan u ary 29, 1861 35 WEST V IR G IN IA . - . .............. J u n e 19, 1863 36 NEVADA_________ ____ October 31, 1864 37 NEBRASKA ............... ______ M arch 1, 1867 38 COLORADO_______ ...........A ugust 1, 1876 8. 192,214 (3 .5 ). '2 8 . Rhode Id. l 34. ’ 147,545 (136.0). y '2 9 . California. ' k y 2. 92,597 (0.6). '3 0 . Delaware. l 30. 9 1,532 (4 6 .7 ). '3 1 . Florida. l 32 MINNESOTA_______ 18 Notes. Explanatory Diagram. R A N K la te 40. 8 7 ,4 4 5 (1.6). ' j \ j 1 0 th C e n s u s . 1880. PROGRESS P la t e 1 9 GROWTH OF STATES IN POPULATION. (Based on the Several Census Reports.) The Original Thirteen States, in Order of Rank in Population at the Census of 1880. INDEX. A l a . . .22 Miss. .20 A r k .. .25 M o.-- .24 Cal. - .81 N ebr. .37 Colo. .38 N ev .. .36 Conn. . 4 N .H .. . 3 Del. . 1 N .J. . . 7 Fla. . .27 N .Y .. .13 G a.. . .1C N .C .. . 8 111. . . .21 O hio. .17 ln d . . .19 Oreg. .33 Io w a .28 P a . .. .12 Kans. .34 K .I... . 2 K y ... .14 S.C. . 6 La. .. 18 Tenn. .16 M e... 23 T e x .. .29 Md. . 5 V t. . . .15 Mass. .11 Va. . 9 Mich. .26 W .V a 35 Minn. .32 W is .. .30 100,000 P o p u la tio n . 20 0 0,00 300,000 400,000 3 ,0 0 0 600,000 700.000 800,000 000 0.00 1, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1, 100,000 1,200,000 1,300,000 1,400,000 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 1,600,000 1,700,000 1 800,000 1,900,000 2 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 , 100,000 2 ,200,000 2,300,000 2,400,000 2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 2,600,000 2,700,000 2,800,000 2900,000 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 3,100,000 3,200,000 3,300,000 3,400,000 3 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 3.600,000 3,700,000 8,800,000 3,900,000 4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 4,100,000 4,200,000 4,300,000 4 400,000 4 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. PROGRESS COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. P late 2 0 PBOG-BESS P la te 21 P l a t e 21 RANK OF THE MOST POPULOUS CITIES AT EACH UNITED STATES CENSUS. 1st Census. 3d Census. 2d Census. 1790 . 1800 . 4th Census. 5th Census. 6th Census. 1820 . 1830 . 1840 . 1810. ■ fijjv York, N .Y . 1 33,131 MiWBfork, N .Y . 1 60,489 |k , N .Y . 96,373 V H B I M I . N .Y. 1 123,706 202,581 ]H|fadelpkia, Ta. 2 41,220 Idelpliia, Pa. 53,722 [lelphia, Pa. 63,802 pre, Md. 80,620 f, Md. 102.313 U sto n , Mass. 3 18,320 Baltimore, Md. 3 26,514 Baltimore, Md. 3 35,583 Baltimore, Md. 3 62,738 plphia, Pa, 80,462 pans, La, 102,193 (Barleston, S.C. 4 16,358 BOston, Mass. 4 24,937 Boston, Mass. 4 33,787 Boston, Mass. 43,298 Boston, Mass. 4 61,302 PhttSJtelphiu, Pa. 4 93,665 Hiltimore, Md. 5 13,503 Charleston, S.C. 5 18,824 CJtobrleston, S.C. 5 24,711 ■ w Orleans, La. 27,176 New Orleans, La. 5 46,082 IM BBBRlass. 5 93,383 SBrtli’n Liberties, Pa. 6 21,558 Charleston, S.C. 6 24,780 (jjgrleston.S.C. 6 30,289 Cincinnati, 0. 6 46,338 S b rth ’n Liberties, PaN 7 19,678 SUftli’n Liberties,Pa\ 7 28,923 1850 . N ew York, N .Y r 312,710 A lfladelpkia, Pa. 2 28,532 7th Census BK»klyn, N .Y . 7 36,233 JJ&rtli’n Liberties, Pa^ 6 8,333 : r iM>rtb ’n Liberties,Pa.' G 16,970 4 5 Stluthwark, Pa. 7 9,621 ’ S S w Orleans, La. 7,921 W w port, R .I. 8 6,716 Salem, Mass. 8 9,457 SButhwark, Pa. 8 13,707 S&uthwark, Pa. 8 14,713 (Kpcinnati, Ohio. U ovidence.R .I. 9 6,380 S e w Orleans, La. 9 8,500 Salem, Mass. 9 12,613 W ashington, D.C. 9 13,247 -4®bany, N .Y . 9 24,209 Albany, N .Y . 9 33,721 SJtiutliwark, Pa. 5,661 tovidence, R.I. IQ 7,614 M bany, N .Y . kl « 10,762 ' SHem, Mass. 10 12,731 fjtfutliwark, Pa. , lO 20,581 Charleston, S.C. 10 29,261 Marblehead, Mass. 11 5,661 S o rfo lk, Va. .11 6,936 lovidence, R.I. kl l 10,071 ’ Jlban y, N .Y . 11 12,630 lashington, D.C. ,1 1 18,826 Spying Garden, Pa. £®lem, Mass. 7 10 7 Sclimond, Va. 9,735 12 Sp rfolk, Va. 9,193 tovidence, R.I. 11,767 "Washington, D .C .f ' 8,208 Cincinnati, Ohio. 14 9,642 . 14 Sewport, R.I. 7,907 Bortland, Me. 8,581 ,15 Richmond, Va. .14 5,737 . 14 15 _________ 5,617 ,15 15 Wu'tsmouth, N.H. 16 5,339 'M ewburyport, M ass.' .16 7,634 16 S o rfo lk, Va. Georgetown, D .C 7,360 ,19 20 ■ ortsmouth, N.H . 7,327 Spring Garden, Pa. ,2 0 11,140 dloucester, Mass. 5,943 .21 Sew port, R.I. 7,319 ,21 22 Nantucket, Mass. 7,266 Ecuisville, Ky. ,2 2 10,341 Pittsburgh, Pa. 7,248 Slew Haven, Conn. .23 10,180 ,23 Sorfolk, Va. 9,814 . 24 Marblehead, Mass. ,2 3 5,900 , 23 New Haven, Conn. 5,772 Hetersburg, Va. 5,666 Mew Bedford, Mass. 5,651 4,470 29,963 109,260 298,977 503,185 10,567 15,520 18,320 24,937 33,787 43,298 61,392 93,383 136,881 177,840 250.526 362,839 Rochester, N .Y . 20,191 . 19 11,551 fchmond, Va. 20,153 , 20 Hfcwark, N.J. 10,953 ’ Troy, N .Y . 21 Iffalo, N .Y . 18.213 fewark, N.J. 17,290 St. Louis, Mo. 16,469 24 lichester, N.Y. 25 19,334 Irtland, Me. 15,218 , 25 9,207 VG 2 Mewburyport, Mass. 6,852 Bbffalo, N .Y . 27 8,668 Rtiyamensing, Pa. .27 14,573 28 Betersburg, Va. 6,690 28 8,459 28 •ancaster, Pa. 29 6,633 Itica, N .Y. 29 8,323 , 29 ' dliarlestown, Mass. .3 0 6,591 M tersburg, Va. 30 8,322 31 Newark, N.J. 6,507 Portsmouth, N.H.31 8,082 . 32 dloucester, Mass. 6,384 Sew port. R.I. 32 8,010 lloughkeepsie, N .Y . .3 3 5,726 Savannah, Ga. 33 7,776 Charlestown, Mass. .33 11,484 34 Marblehead, Mass. 5,630 JBmcaster, Pa. 34 7,704 , 34 Hudson, N .Y . 5,310 Hancaster, Pa. ,27 5,405 35 S e w Bedford, M ass.' 7,592 Betersburg, Va. .3 5 11,136 . 27 Savannah, Ga. 5,215 Ilridgewater, Mass. 5,157 \ 60,000 80,000 10 ,0 0 00 Ratio of Population of Cities of over 8,000 Inhabitants, to Total Population. ~Year Per Cent Cent ' 120> 000 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1&40 1850 1800 1870 1880 140,000 Buffalo Boston toy. N .Y . (Biarlestown, Mass. 8,783 , 28 Population Chicago Nensington, Pa. 26 7,118 , 26 . 29 Growth of Cleveland, Ohio, and Buffalo, N. Y. 1722 1705 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1800 1870 1880 S e w Haven, Conn. 25 7,147 , 25 i 40,000 Population Brooklyn, N .Y . .24 7,175 , 24 . s 21,210 , 22 Skhenectady, N .Y. ,2 2 5,903 20,000 P o pulation. Growth of Chicago, III., and Boston, Mass. S w e l l , Mass. 18 20,796 19 ,21 SC ALE : 1,508 2,095 8,668 18,213 42,201 81,129 117,714 155,134 ooklyn, N .Y . 12,406 ,18 Jan tucket, Mass. 6,807 Growth of Detroit, Mich.., and Providence, R, I. 57 350 1,000 6,071 17,034 43,417 92,829 160,140 ’ Pittsburgh, Pa. 17 21,115 S&vannali, Ga. 7,523 , 20 H . A. H o l m e s ...............L ib rarian o f th e G eneral Library, A lbany, N e w Y ork. M. S. H u m p h r e y s ___Chief of th e B u re au o f In d u s tria l S ta tistic s, H a rrisb u rg , Pa. H e n r y B. P ie r c e ........S e c re ta ry o f th e C o m m onw ealth of M assachusetts. J . M. A d d e m a n ...........S e c re ta ry o f S ta te , P ro v id en ce, R hode Island. 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1800 1870 1880 ► tsburgh, Pa. 12,568 juisville, K y . ’ Mbrtsmouth, N.H. 6,934 T h e c o lo r b a rs p rin te d o v e r th e n am es o f cities, in d ic a te th e ir re la tiv e popu la tio n a t e ac h census. T he a rro w -fe a th e r d e n o te s th e first e n tra n c e o f a c ity in to th e list, a n d th e arro w -h e a d its final a p p e a ra n c e and exit, ow ing e ith e r to a la c k o f th e req u isite p o p u latio n o r t o its in c o rp o ra tio n w ith a n o th e r city. T h e lists fo r 1820 a n d previous d ecad es, include all cities of o v e r five th o u san d po p ulatio n , w hile th e su b se q u e n t lists em b ra c e th e fo rty m o st populous cities a t each census. C ertain omissions in th e e a rlie r G o v ern m en t re tu rn s h ave b e en supplied by re c o u rse to S ta te re c o rd s, th ro u g h th e c o u rte sy o f th e follow ing n a m e d gen tle m e n : Year Cleve. , 16 .18 , 19 E X P L A N A TO Jl T. 21,019 45,619 79,577 116,340 prtland, Me. 12,598 U insington, Pa. 22,314 Bbrtland, Me. 7,169 , 18 vannali, Ga; 12 2 5,146 22 ,22 9,102 , 15 17 Ilridgewater, Mass. ,21 5,200 1,422 Nensington, Pa. 13.392 Alexandria, D.C. 8,218 Marblehead, Mass. ^20 5,211 1,446 3,916 3,159 4,355 6,380 7,614 10,071 11,767 16/ 23,172 41,513 50,666 68,904 104,857 Providence, R.I. 14 23,172 13,895 17 Schenectady, N .Y . ,19 5,289 1708 1730 1755 1776 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 Rjtlem, Mass. Wexandria, D.C. 7,227 Jlban y, N .Y . ,18 5,289 Prov. Pshington, D.C. 23,364 .13 , 16 17 ' 27,849 Southwark, Pa. 12 27,584 Richmond, Va. 16,000 8,478 dloucester, Mass. .1 7 5,313 Population 11 , 13 ,13 Santucket, Mass. r S M th ’n Liberties, Pa\ 8 34,474 |ovidence, R.I. 16,836 13 ,12 Sewburyport, Mass. .13 5,946 dloucester, Mass. 5,317 .13 24,831 , 12 Ifewport, R.I. 6,739 5,500 8 Ichmond, Va. 12,067 ,12 2je w Orleans, La. 12 ' 17,242 160,000 SC ALE : 1*2*8* 4* 5 p e rc e n t. 10 * 3.3 3.9 ' 15* 2* 0 12.5 ’ Salem, Mass. ,2 6 Alexandria, D.C. 15,082 bw Haven, Conn. 12,923 Ulica, N .Y . 12,782 ^Mobile, Ala. , 30 ' 12,672 Slew Bedford, Mass. ^ 3 1 ________ 12,087 ' Bbxbury, Mass. .32 11,484 bvannah, Ga. 11,214 22.5 35 180,000 Jexington, K y . .36 5,271 20 0 0 ,0 0 20 0 2,0240,000 0 rfroy, N .Y . 'Gj-racuse, N .Y . v3 6 11,013 dloucester, Mass. ,36 7,510 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 5,264 deorgetown, D.C. 37 7,312 .37 Bouglikeepsie, N .Y .' 37 280,000 280,000 Springfield, Mass. 10,985 ' 7,222 S o rfo lk, Va. ,3 8 10,920 Nantucket, Mass. 39 7.202 320,000 ' A llegheny, Pa. ,3 9 ’ 10,089 38 340,000 360,000 380,000 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 420,000 440,000 400,000 480,000 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 Hartford, Conn. 7,074 40 ' Bbughkeepsie, N .Y . 10,006 ,4 0 * E stim ated. COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. I I V — Population. IN D E X TO P L A T E S . TO TAL P O P U L A T IO N ...........................................Plate 22 F R E N C H ......................................................................Plate 29 R a t io to T o ta l P o p u la tio n . A v e r a g e D e n sity , b y C o u n tie s ; b y S ta te s . T o ta l, b y S ta te s. S e le c te d C lasses. IM M IG R A T IO N ............................................................Plate 29 D IS T R IB U T IO N OF S E X E S ...............................Plate 23 A n n u a l, 1 8 2 0 — 1 8 8 0 . R a tio s , b y C o u n tie s; b y S ta te s . T o ta l, b y S ta te s ; R e tr o s p e c t, 1 8 5 0 — 1 8 8 0 . FO R E IG N -B O R N T o ta l, G e rm a n s , Irish , B r it is h A m e r ic a n s . C O L O R E D P O P U L A T IO N .....................................Plate 24 R a tio , to T o ta l, b y C o u n tie s ; b y S ta te s . T o ta l, b y S ta te s. R e tr o s p e c t. IN FIFTY C IT IE S ................Plate 30 P R IN C IP A L NATIVITIES IN FOUR C IT IE S .. Plate 31 N e w Y o r k , P h ila d e lp h ia , C h ic a g o , B o sto n . FO R E IG N P O P U L A T IO N ......................................Plate 25 S E L E C T E D CLASSES, BY STATES........ Plates 32-33 R a tio , to T o ta l, b y C o u n tie s ; b y S ta te s . T o ta l, b y S ta te s. F o r e ig n - b o r n , b y N a tiv itie s ; R e tr o s p e c t. GERM ANS. T o ta l, N a tiv e , C o lo re d , F o r e ig n , G e rm a n s , Irish , E tc . IR IS H ........................ Plate 26 INTER-STATE M IG R A T IO N ..........................Plates 34-37 R a t io o f N a tiv e to T o ta l P o p u la tio n . R a t io to T o ta l P o p u la tio n . E N G L IS H . W E LS H . BR ITISH A M E R IC A N S . Plate 27 R a t io to T o ta l P o p u la tio n . N O R W EG IAN S. SWEDES. D EFEC TIVE , D E P E N D E N T AND DE L IN Q U E N T C LA S S E S .........................P lates 38-39 In sa n e , Id io tic, B lin d . ( P la te 3 8 .) D e a f M u te s, P r is o n e r s , P a u p e r s . ( P la t e 3 9 .) R a tio s to T o ta l P o p u la tio n . G e n e r a l R a tio s . S C O T C H .............Plate 28 R a t io to T o ta l P o p u la tio n . I ll G e n e r a l. — The population of the decade, shows a rapidity of inciease, which is gration, it is to-day universally acknowledged United States on June i, 1880, was 50,155,783. without a parallel in the history of civilized that the census of 1870 was very defective O f this nations, and which can scarcely be maintained in the Southern states. many decades longer. to the neglect of the enumerators, are to be number, 43,475,840 were of native birth, and 6,679,943 were born in foreign lands, the proportion of the two elements being respectively 86^ and 13& per cent. Census. P opulation. In respect P ercentage of I ncrease. The omissions, owing estimated in hundreds of thousands. It is safe to assume that the population of the 1 7 9 0 .................: .......................................... 3>929>2 I 4 1 8 00.............................................................. 5,308,483 3 5 -n colored (having negro blood), 105,465 Chinese, 1 8 1 0 ............................................................. 7,239,881 36.40 fully 40,000,000. 148 Japanese, and 66,407 citizen Indians. No 1 8 20............................................................. 9,633,822 33-o 6 omissions were mainly of the colored race, account is here taken of Indians still upon 1 8 3 0 ............................................................. 12,866,020 33-55 1 8 40............ ................................................ 32.67 and that their number should have approxi 069,453 1 8 5 0 ............................................................. 23,191,876 35-86 of each class to the total population was as i8 6 0 ............................................................. 3 I >443>321 35-58 follows: whites, 86^; colored, 13^; Chinese 1 8 7 0 ............................................................. 38,558,371 22.63 and Japanese, o£, and citizen Indians o£ per 1 8 8 0 ............................................................. 50,i5 5 ,7 8 3 30.08 of race, 43,402,970 were white, reservations or in tribal relations. cent. 6,580,793 The ratio In respect of sex, the males were slightly The constancy of this great rate country mated was in 5,500,000 1870, not 38,558,371, but It is certain, also, that the instead of 4,880,009 as reported. The growth of population, up to 1840, was dependent almost entirely upon natural increase, of as there was very little immigration during in excess, there being 25,518,820 males, or increase, ranging from 30.08 during the last that period. 50^ per cent., to 24,636,963 females, or 49^ decade 1810, between 1840 and 1850, the famine in Ireland per cent. is another marked feature. The only ex caused an exodus from that country to this, ception was from by which the rate of increase was greatly R ate o f Increase.—The following table, to 36.40 between 1800 and in the decade i860 to Toward the end of the decade 1870, which included the period of the great accelerated. which gives the total population at each census, Civil War. Besides the effect of the war proportion of the foreign-born element was' and in checking both natural increase and immi still further increased, since which time immi the percentage of increase, decade by Between 1850 and i860 the SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS. xlii gration has continued at a rate which keeps the ratio between the native and foreign elements decrease of the practically constant. immigration was insignificant. The conclusion the colored element, is shown by the relative latter prior to 1847, when is unavoidable that the colored race cannot hold its own numerically against the white, but must fall farther and farther behind, unless, under conditions of The following table, showing the rates of The following table presents the ratios of increase in Great Britain and Ireland, is intro increase of white and colored population, by freedom, the race shall develop physical and duced for the sake of comparison. decades: moral qualities which it has not yet shown. No account is here taken of their loss by emigration, but, Pe r c e n ta g e o f even were such allowance made, the average I n c r ease. N a tiv ity . — D e c a d e . Statistics of the foreign popula W h it e . C o lo r e d . 35-76 32-38 census of 1850. 1800 to 1 8 1 0 .................................................... 36-X3 37-46 previous decade foreign immigration had first 1810 to 1 8 2 0 .................................................... 34.12 28.57 assumed 1820 to 1 8 3 0 .................................................... 3 4 -°3 3 I-4 I 1830 to 1 8 4 0 .................................................... 34-72 23.28 noted heretofore, to the famine in Ireland 1840 to 1 8 5 0 .................................................... 37-74 26.61 in 1846-7, which drove its starving people by 1850 to i8 6 0 .................................................... 37-69 22.06 hundreds of thousands to the asylum offered by i8 6 0 to 1 8 7 0 .................................................... 24.76 9.86 1870 to 1 8 8 0 .................................................... 29.21 34-85 rate of increase for the United States would still greatly exceed that of the mother-country: P e r c e n ta g e o f I n c r ease. D e c a d e . E n g la n d a n d l 8l I ................................................................. I r e la n d . Sc o t la n d . W a le s . 12.28 1 4 . T & 2 T ................................................................. 1 3 -4 5 1831................................................................. 1841................................................................. 15.80 1 2 -5 7 14.52 10.24 1851................................................................. 12.65 10.20 1861................................................................. n - 9 3 14.19 1790 to 1 8 0 0 .................................................... — 8 8.52 11.50 numerical importance,, owing, as During the fifty years pre ceding 1847, probably the whole The white element shows a slight diminu 19.85 In the closing years of the the United States. 5 -2 5 - tion of the country were first collected at the number of immigrants to this country did not reach a 1881................................................................. 13-19 - — I I . 14 1 4 -3 4 6.67 4.69 The minus sign indicates a decrease of population. the close of each decade, was as follows: W h it e . million, while during the thirty-seven years that date the effects of white immigration since that date, it has exceeded nine and a half millions. tion in the rate of increase, until 1840. very all con the rate The following table shows the native, the The foreign element can, native white, and the foreign population of however, easily be eliminated, as will be seen the country, at the date of each census since hereafter, in treating of the native population. 1850: clusions R a c e . — The white and colored population at C ensus. After are 1871................................................................. 5 -9 C o lo r e d . marked, and from this of natural increase. invalidate table as to The rate of . increase of the colored element shows a general and very decided diminution. C ensus. N a t iv e N a t iv e . W h it e . F o r e ig n . 1 7 9 0 ..................................................................................................... 3, 172,006 1800.................................................................................................... 4, 306,446 1, 002,037 In but two cases does it equal that of the 1850....................................... 20, 912,612 17, 273,804 2, 244,602 1810................................................................................................. 5, 862,073 ,3 7 7 ,8 o 8 whites; in one of these (1800 to 1810) the i i 860....................................... 27, 304,624 22, 862,794 4, 138,697 1820.................................................................................................... 7, 862,166 1870........................................ 32, 991,142 28, 111,133 5 ,5 6 7 ,2 2 9 1 ,7 7 1 ,6 5 6 1880. 4 3 ,4 7 5 ,8 4 0 36, 895,047 6 ,6 7 9 ,9 4 3 7 5 7 ,2 0 8 increased rate resulted from the importation 1830.................................................................................................... 1 0 ,5 3 7 .3 7 8 2, 328,642 1840.................................................................................................... 14, 195,805 2, 873,648 1850............................................... * ................................................... 1 9 ,5 5 3 ,0 6 8 3, 638,808 to 1880) it was plainly due to the defective 26, 922,537 4, 441,830 enumeration of the colored element in 1870. i 860.................................................................................................... 1870..................................................................................................... 3 3 ,5 1880..................................................................................................... 4 3 ,4 0 2 ,9 7 0 89 , 3 7 7 4, 880,009 6 ,5 8 o ,7 9 3 The total population was made up of these two elements, in the following proportions: .................................... of negroes as slaves, and in the other (1870 The proportions of the native and foreignborn population at these dates, were as follows: Statistics show little regarding the relative increase of the colored race before and after emancipation, but it is fair to assume, from all the circumstances of the case, that the C ensus. N a t iv e . 1850............................................................................................ 90.32 86.84 13.16 8 5 -5 6 14.44 86.68 I3 -3 2 i 860............................................................................................ increase is less now than formerly, a pre 1870............................................................................................ sumption borne out by such statistics as are at : 88o ............................................................................................ F o r e ig n . 9.68 C ensus. W h it e . C o lo r e d . 1 7 9 0 ..................................................................................................... 8 o .73 27.19 hand. 1800..................................................................................................... 81.13 18.87 consideration of self-interest on the part of the The apparent increase of the foreign element 1810..................................................................................................... 8 0 .9 7 19.03 slaveholder prompted him to watch over their in 1870 was undoubtedly due to the failure to 1820..................................................................................................... 81.61 18.39 1830..................................................................................................... 81.90 18.10 health, to to enumerate a considerable proportion of the 1840..................................................................................................... 16.83 protect and preserve the children. It is not native colored population in the South, where 8 3 -I7 1850.................................................................................................... 84.31 15.69 to be supposed for a moment that a careless, the foreign element is very small. Immigration 860..................................................................................................... 85.62 1 4 -1 3 improvident upon during the decade between i860 and 1870 was, 1870..................................................................................................... 87.11 12.65 1880.................................................................................................... 86.54 13.12 their own resources, could at once, or within in fact, not as great as during the preceding a generation, or the following decades. i W hen slaves were encourage race, learn property, child-bearing thrown and suddenly to exercise every such care The importation of slaves ceased in 1807. over either their own health, or that of their Since that date, the proportion of the colored children, as they had received when slaves. In crease o f N a tiv e A m erican s.— element has steadily diminished. W herever The alleged inability of the so-called “American It is true mortality statistics are available, that there was an apparent increase between there is shown a death rate of the colored race ” to 1870 and 1880, resulting without doubt from population far in excess of that of the whites, recruited by foreign immigration, has long been the faulty enumeration of 1870, an explanation a death rate so large throughout the country a favorite theory with certain foreign writers, which is supported by the decrease between generally as to overbalance the greater birth and a similar view has prevailed to some i860 and 1880. This proportional decrease is rate, as appears by the fact that the increase extent even in this country. due in part, but only in part, to the immense from i860 to 1880 was, for the colored, but 48 range of facts, indicating an increase of disease, immigration of whites since 1847. per cent., while for the whites it was 61 per together with a steadily cent. rate, especially in the higher circles of society, That the native whites have increased more rapidly than maintain itself, unless constantly From a narrow diminishing birth POPULATION. xliii these writers have inferred that the native less than it was fifty years ago, the average age density of population and American race is undergoing decay, and can is decidedly greater. country, in square miles, at the date of each be recuperated only by a “ return to nature,” the children survive, and men live to a greater whatever that may be. age. A larger proportion of facts, however, proves that the race is not dying out, but, on becomes more and more densely populated, census, are given below: examination of the D ensity . A rea. Census. On the whole, however, as the country An the area of the 1 7 9 0 ................................................................ 1 8 0 0 ............................................................... 827,844 827,844 4-75 6.41 the contrary, that the rate of increase of native and as its people advance to greater refine 1 8 1 0 ............................................................... I >999>775 3.62 whites since 1850 has been as follows: ments of civilization, the rate of increase is 1 8 2 0 ................................................................ 1,999-775 4.82 slowly but surely declining. 1 8 3 0 ................................................................ 2,°5 9 -°4 3 6.25 1 8 4 0 ................................................................ 2,059,043 8.29 1 8 5 0 ................................................................ 2,980,959 7.78 P ercentage of I ncrease. D ecade. This has been the history of every nation upon the globe. i8 6 0 ................................................................ 1850 to i8 6 0 ..................... ................................................... 32-35 i8 6 0 to 1 8 7 0 ......................................................................... F u tu r e 22-95 1870 to 1 8 8 0 ......................................................................... P o p u la tio n . — Predictions 3,026,500 10.39 1 8 7 0 ................................................................ 3,603,884 10.70 1 8 8 0 ................................................................ 3,603,884 13.92 concerning population are especially unsafe, 3 I-2 5 because of the many uncertain elements which The following table shows the density of a population by states and territories, with the native increase approach that shown by the common saying that the population of the progress made by each in this respect since above figures. United States is doubled the date of its organization: In no European country does the rate of It may be urged, however, that enter into any such estimate. It is every twenty-five the number of native whites includes the chil years, and such had been the fact up to the dren of foreign parents, born in this country, date and that the ratio of increase of the purely in 1880, however, fell several millions short native element cannot be deduced therefrom. of being double that of 1855, or four times The popular belief, indeed, is that the families that of 1830. of Irish, German and Scandinavian immigrants of the last census. The population S t a t e s an d T e r r ito r ies . 1880 1870 i860 1850 1840 1830 1820 1810 1800 1790 North Atlantic. M aine............... 21.7 20.9 21.0 N . Hampshire. 38.5 35-3 36-2 35-3 31 6 29.9 27.1 36.4 36.1 34-4 32.0 3 °-7 of the population within twenty-five years has Massachusetts . 221.8 181.2 are exceptionally large, and that to their fer been witnessed Rhode Isla n d .. 254.9 200.3 160.9 136.0 100.3 89.6 76.5 70.9 63.7 63-4 Connecticut. . . 128.5 IIO.9 tility the country is indebted for the continual the next two decades the foreign element N ew Y ork . . . . 106.7 92.0 increase of the native population. will be almost certain to decrease slightly, N ew Jersey . . . 151.7 I2I.5 90.1 65-7 50.1 4 3 0 37-2 32.9 28.3 24.7 Pennsylvania. . 95.2 78.2 64.6 5 1.4 3 8 .3 D elaw are. . . . 74.8 63.7 57-3 M aryland......... 94.8 79.1 69.6 59-1 is easy to show that this But it assumption is in proportion for the last time. During to the native element, as it is most unlikely that immigration will con unfounded. The statistics of foreign parentage were unfortunately not obtained prior to the census of 1870. In all probability, a doubling By deducting from the number of tinue at a pace corresponding with natural increase. It may safely be estimated that in 1890 the foreign element will not form more native whites in 1870 and 1880, the number than 13 per cent, of the total population, and in born of foreign parents, the foreign element 1900 not more than 12 per cent. V erm on t.. . . 34-5 19.5 153 -1 123.7 9 5 -0 76-5 16 8 13-4 91.8 75-9 9.9 23.8 20.4 15.8 25.8 23.9 16.9 65.1 18.7 64.0 61.4 56.8 54-0 81.3 65.0 51.0 4 ° -3 28.8 20.1 . . . . 15-1 12.5 51.8 24.7 12.4 7.5 30.0 23-3 18.0 13.4 39-2 37-1 37.1 4 5-3 41-3 38.6 34-6 32.4 9.6 South Atlantic. 46.7 39-8 4 7-7 32.8 30.2 District of Col. 2960.4 2195.0 1251.3 861.4 437-1 3 9 8 .3 330-4 240.2 140.9 Virginia ........... 19.1 18.7 16.4 15.0 13.6 11.5 22.0 20.4 17.9 15.5 15.2 13-2 11.4 9.8 8.1 19.7 19.3 16.7 13.8 1 1 .5 8.2 5.8 4 -3 i -5 0.6 0.2 . . . . . 37-7 3 °-5 W est V irg in ia . 25.1 17.9 North Carolina 28.8 24.6 21.9 . . . . South Carolina 3 3 -o 23-3 23.3 22.2 The native Georgia............. 26.1 20.0 17.9 15.4 11.7 8.7 for one generation back is eliminated from white element, which increased 32.35 per cent, F lorida............. 5.0 3 -4 the calculation. from 1850 to i860, and 31.25 per cent, between Alabam a........... 24.5 19-3 18.7 14.9 11.4 6.0 2.4 to 1880, the total of native whites, less those 1870 and 1880, will probably show a propor Mississippi_ _ 24.4 17.8 17.1 I 3 -I 8.1 2.9 0.9 0.9 Louisiana......... 20.7 16.0 15-6 11.4 7.8 4 -7 3 -4 1-7 born of foreign parentage, showed in tional gain of about 30 per cent, in the present T e x a s ............... 6.1 3 -i Comparing this rate decade and a slightly smaller one, perhaps 29 Arkansas........... i 5 -i 9.1 Tennessee . . . . 36.9 3° -i 26.6 24.0 19.9 16.3 IO. I 6.3 2.5 0.8 K en tu ck y......... 41.2 3 3 -o 28.9 24.6 19.5 17.2 14.1 10.2 5-5 1.8 78.5 65.3 57.4 48.6 37-3 22.7 14.1 5.6 I .I . . . . 0.2 — During the decade from 1870 crease of 28 per cent. an of increase with that of Ireland and Germany, per cent., between 1890 and 1900. the countries from which most of the supply element may possibly gain 25 per cent, during of fresh blood comes, there is, even after the same period, which appears allowing for their losses by emigration, no ample estimate. approach in these countries to the above rapidity basis, the population in 1890 and 1900, may of increase. be estimated as follows: If immigrants multiply faster in The colored to be an 1.8 0 .3 Northern Central. O h io ................. P opulation ; Indiana............. 55-1 47.0 37.6 27.5 19.1 9.6 4-1 0.7 Illin o is............. 5 5 -o 4 5-3 30.6 15.2 8-5 2.8 1.0 0.2 M ich iga n ......... 28.5 20.6 24.2 19-3 M innesota. . . . 9.8 5-5 Io w a ................. 29.3 21.5 M issouri........... 3 i -5 25.0 12.2 N ebraska......... 5.9 1.6 10.281.000 8.396.000 9,839,000 64,584,000 81,992,000 0 .1 ^•7 14.2 5-6 17.2 9.9 4.4 61.872.000 8.225.000 The average 1900. K an sas............. On the other hand, it is probable that the 1890. 47,963,000 not have a similar effect upon natives. average birth rate is decreasing. 8.2 Wisconsin........ Taking these figures as a this country than at home, it is hard to see why the causes which produce this result should Southern Central. 5.6 2.1 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.9 W estern. Montana........... 0.3 Colorado........... 1.9 0-3 N ew M ex ico . . 1.0 0.7 0.1 size of the family decreased between 1870 and 1880 from 5.09 to 5.04. much greater In making this estimate it is presupposed decrease is indicated by the figures of earlier censuses, in which, however, only the families or wide-reaching pestilence, shall overcome 0.3 that no great disturbing factors, such as wars of whites were considered. A It is quite in accord natural increase during the period in question. but, also, by a smaller among the young. rate of 1-7 1.0 0.6 0.3 D en sity o f P o p u la t io n —The aver mortality including the entire area of the country except 0.4 0.3 O regon ............. 1.8 0.9 California......... 5-5 3-5 0.1 0.1 1.1 0.5 0.2 2.4 age number of inhabitants per square mile, It is unquestionably true, Id a h o ............... W ashin gton .. . with all experience that a higher civilization should be attended by a lower birth rate; U ta h ................. N evada............. 0.5 that while the birth rate to-day is considerably It w ill be noticed that this table differs in a few details from a corres Alaska, was 13.92 in 1880. The average ponding one published by the census office. These differences are, in nearly a ll cases, due to the fact that the present table relates strictly to the area of the states and territories as constituted at the dates of the several censuses. SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS. xiiv For comparison, the following table, show ing the population and the number of upon the Northern coast, while the Southern of this section the profitable interest of mining harbors are not so abundant or so easy of has changed all the conditions. inhabitants per square mile, of the principal access. countries of the globe, is here introduced: its closer proximity to northern Europe, the R ate o f In crease b y States.—The principal later following table shows the proportional increase undoubtedly the in the population of each state and territory T otal P opulation. P opulation per Square M ile . Another advantage of the North is source immigration. of colonization Another is and D ate op C ensus. Belgium ..................................... 1880 5,519,844 481.71 temperature and rainfall, which, although less Netherlands........................ 1881 4,114,077 312.86 favorable British India....................... 1881 252> 5 4 M i° 311-57 South, is more favorable to human health Great Britain and Ireland . 1881 35,246,633 289.92 northern climate, and especially its range of to agriculture than that of the since its organization: P E R C E N T A G E OF IN C R E A SE B Y STA TE S. 1 8 7 0 i8 6 0 Sta tes TO and and comfort. Moreover, the climate of the Italy..................................... 1881 28,459.451 246.63 Japan.................................... 1882 36,358,994 234.28 1880 4 5 ,I 9 4 ,I 72 216.62 of the countries from which most of the white France.................................. 1881 37,672,048 180.88 population was originally derived, than does Switzerland.......................... 1880 2,846,102 177.10 18 80 18 7 0 T e r r it o r ie s . Northern states more nearly conforms to that Germany.............................. TO 2 6 .6 3 -4 18 5 0 TO i8 6 0 2 4 .9 18 4 0 18 3 0 TO TO 18 50 18 4 0 3 0 .6 O O M O CO 00 H 00 M W Countries . 1 8 1 0 18 0 0 1 7 9 0 TO TO 18 2 0 l8 lO TO 18 0 0 9 0 .8 1 4 2 .0 1 1 8 .7 6 5 .6 5 4 .3 4 7 .4 3 8 7 .4 that of the South, and it is a well-known I I .2 l6 .2 Austro-Hungary................. 1880 3 7 ,7 4 i,4 i3 156.98 Denmark.............................. 1880 2,096,400 133-21 fact that immigration is, as a rule, averse to Portugal.............................. 1878 4,348,551 125.69 changing its climatic conditions. In addition Delaware........................ 1 7 .2 Ceylon ........................................ 1881 2,758,166 111.65 to these, a very potent reason for the small District of Columbia. . . 3 4 -8 Servia ........................................ 1878 1,669,337 84 .64 Spain.................................... 1877 16,053,961 84-55 Greece ....................................... 1879 1,679,775 83.91 consequent comparatively small population, is Peru............................................ 1876 3,050,000 4 2 .II found in the fact that labor in these states has Sweden...................................... 1880 4,565,668 26.51 been, from the earliest colonial times, largely I O 7 . 4 I I 5 . I 2 2 1 .0 I I 3 * I immigration to the Southern states, and their 1878 2,400,396 Egypt................................... 1877 17,419,980 Norway ...................................... 1876 1,806,900 14.71 white immigrants have refused to compete, U n ite d S t a t e s ................... 1880 5 0 , 1 5 5 ,7 8 3 13.92 especially in a field so well suited to the former. M exico................................ 1877 9,389,461 12.66 Russia.................................. 1879 98,356,100 IO. 11 1 5 .8 1 6 .8 2 4 .0 1 9 .6 4-i 8 .1 5 .0 4 -3 1 1 .4 2 2 .5 1 7 .2 7 5 .4 4 5 -2 1 8 .2 i -7 5 -4 0 .1 1 3 *0 9 -7 2 0 .5 3 7 -5 7 0 .4 — 6 0 .5 6 0 .5 5 6 .8 3 1-0 3 3 -7 5 i -5 3 5 -o 5 5 -0 9 7 .0 .... .... 4 3 .5 Georgia........................... 3 0 .2 1 1 .9 1 6 .6 Illinois............................ 2 1 .1 4 8 .3 I 0 I .0 Indiana........................... 1 7 .7 2 4 .4 76.Q monopolized by the colored race, with which Still other reasons for this difference 3 6 .6 7 8 .8 2 0 2 .4 1 8 5 .4 3 4 9 -1 4 4 .1 9 9 .9 1 3 3 -0 5 0 0 .2 3 3 4 - 6 O 00 M Uruguay.............................. in density of population between the two 2,95 h 323 9.20 1880 438,245 6.19 1878 1,146,000 4.61 slavery, especially the persistent ownership of B olivia................................ 1878 2,080,000 4 - i5 2 3 9 .9 1 7 .6 2 5 .9 13 -3 21-9 3 8 .7 2.6 3 6 .7 46. q 61.1 4 1 .0 QQ-7 Maine.............................. 3-5 *0.2 7-7 1 6 .2 2 5 .6 33-9 3 °-4 5 °-7 5 7 -1 Maryland........................ 1 9 .7 1 3 .6 1 7 .8 24.0 5-i 9-7 7.0 1 1 .4 6.8 Massachusetts................ 22.3 3 4 -8 2 0 .8 1 6 .6 Kentucky....................... 2 4 .8 20. 1 4 -3 1880 2,075,245 4.06 Paraguay.............................. 293,844 3 -* 9 Brazil.................................... 1872 10,108,291 3 - i4 23.7 8 8 .3 8 7 -3 5 7 0 -9 3 6 .6 4 .6 3 °-4 6 1 . 4 1 7 4 .9 4 5 -6 7 3 -3 77-7 vented small farmers from gaining a footing, 1876 1 8 .3 58.0 8 3 .9 1 9 9 .8 11.6 11.6 1 0 .8 8 4 .0 land in large tracts at the South, which pre Venezuela............................ — sections, were incidental to the institution of Ecuador.............................. 8-7 2 g l . 1 3 4 5 -8 2 5 -9 United States of Columbia. 5 -4 IQ 3 .1 Chili ........................................... 19-34 Connecticut.................... 1 7 3 -1 I I I . O 8 6 .9 3 5 5 -9 .... 219.2 326.4 New Hampshire............ Argentine Republic............ i» 7 S 2,400,000 2.90 There are to be seen in the United States Canada................................ 1881 4,352,o8o i-3 5 nearly all conditions of industry attendant upon 9.0 2.5 i i -7 5-6 1 0 .3 1 3 .7 1 6 .6 29.5 New Jersey.................... 2 4 .8 3 4 -8 3 7 -2 3 I-I 1 6 .3 1 5 .6 12.9 1 6 .2 14.6 New Y o rk...................... 15-9 12.9 25.2 2 7 -5 2 6 .5 3 9 -8 4 3 -o 62.8 73 -1 1 5 -3 2.0 1 5 .0 l6 . I 2 1 .4 3 °-3 6 2 .0 6 1 . 3 1 5 1 - 9 4 0 8 .6 3 4 -0 2 7 .8 2 8 .7 3 5 -5 1 1 .9 1 7 .0 * 2 .3 of density of population. North Carolina.............. 3 0 .6 7-9 14.2 Generally speaking, the North Atlantic states T h e above table is taken from Spofford’s American Almanac. 8 1 .0 46.5 mo.6 as at the North. different degrees Mississippi...................... Ohio................................ 1 9 .9 1 3 -9 1 8 .1 7 3 -3 2 9 4 .6 2 5 .7 all Pennsylvania.................. 2 1 .6 2 1 .1 tribution of the population, is its inequality of their inhabitants by agriculture, and, conse Rhode Island................ 2 7 .2 2 4 .4 density, even in those regions which have quently, a large part of the population is South Carolina.............. 4 1 .0 0 .2 5 -2 1 2 .4 2 .2 Tennessee....................... 2 2 .5 1 3 -4 1 0 .6 2 0 .9 2 1 .6 been engaged U t a h ............................................ 6 5 .8 I I g . 4 2 5 3 .8 1 8 .9 8 .2 4 1 .0 8 0 .8 1 3 -7 9 .2 1 0 .7 1 7 -7 The most noticeable feature of the dis settled Am ong the for equal states of periods the of Atlantic time. slope, are too densely populated in manufactures to support 15 -5 and and professional occupations. commercial In the South 1 8 .3 Atlantic states and the eastern part of the colonial days, the density of population ranges not yet 3 8 .6 7-9 I I .2 0 4 1 5 .6 2 1 .1 2 0 .1 3 8 .7 6 1 .2 6 1 . 5 1 4 7 .8 1 9 5 .8 Vermont.......................... 4 -9 0 .3 7-5 4 .0 2 3 -4 +4 - 4 1 2 .2 1 4 .6 2 .3 3 5 -9 0 .5 Southern Central states, the population has through very wide limits. 3 4 -4 1 8 4 .2 2 4 .7 which have been settled since the earliest 2 9 .3 The irregularity is reached the limit of Virginia.......................... self-support especially decided as between the Northern by means of agriculture. and Southern states on the Atlantic border. however, springing up in this section, and, A s the first settlers were of the agricultural as the population continues to grow, a con class, it would stantly increasing proportion will be obliged 1 5 4 . 0 8 8 6 .8 be natural to look for an Manufactures are, •D ecrease. The f O f Virgin ia and W est Virginia together. above table, showing the rate of explanation in some difference of soil, climate to farming. increase of population from decade to decade, or other circumstances affecting agricultural The Northern Central section, from the Ohio suggests many interesting generalizations re pursuits, but an examination develops the westward to the frontier line of settlements in garding the progress of the country. fact that the preponderance of agricultural Nebraska and Kansas, shows all the gradations, original states, which, at the date of the first advantages is decidedly in favor of the South, from the very densely populated agricultural census, 1790, had a considerable population, while the North is by far the more densely community to those which, in consequence of the rate of growth was for several decades very settled the excess of land at their disposal, raise from slow, and in some cases scarcely appreciable. the soil far more than they themselves require During this therefore, be more than offset by other causes. for the received few immigrants, the natural increase One of them is unquestionably the presence W estern states and territories, agriculture is was expended in populating the territories and of abundant, capacious and excellent harbors the prevailing occupation, but in certain parts states of the Mississippi valley and the Gulf of the two. The naturally greater adaptability of the South to tillage must, seek other subsistence. vocations Generally besides throughout In the early period, when the states POPULATION. xlv bodies of population of 4,000 and upwards, and 21 and 11 per cent, respectively. therefore separate the urban element more element of the entire North Atlantic group is hundreds of thousands, to reclaim the wilderness closely than the two preceding tables. 48 per cent.; in other words, nearly one-half from the savage. U RBAN coast. The parent states were engaged in sending out their sons and daughters by The great wave of immigra tion, which reached our shores between 1840 PO PU LA TION , IN 1880, B Y S T A T E S GROUPS OF ST A T E S. and 1850, produced a very sensible effect upon States and T erritories. the population of nearly all of the older states, augmenting, in most cases, their rates of increase very decidedly, to be followed, in Urban Population in 1880. AND Proportion of Urban to Total. (Per Cent.) 21 26 II 66 The rapid emigration from 335,5oo 2,736,367 586,547 1,658,523 the East to these new lands caused at first a T o tal............................... 6,960,776 77 54 54 52 39 48 rate. In the states settled since the organization of the Government, a different form of pro gression is seen. very great ratio of increase, followed by a gradual diminution of the rate as the population became greater, and the amount of fertile land to be had for the asking, became less. U rb a n P o p u la tio n .—The tendency of toward a greater and greater concentration in towns and cities. In the following table the population of all cities and towns containing 8,000 inhabitants or upwards, is considered as urban: P opulation of U nited States . D ate . I nhabitants of Cities in each IOO OF THE T otal P opu lation . P opulation of Cities . Delaware............................................ Maryland..........*............................... District of Columbia. . . . . ............. V irgin ia............................................ West Virginia................ ................... North Carolina................................ South Carolina.............. ................. Georgia.................... .. Florida.............................................. 42,478 29 364,934 i 59,87i 178,117 47,846 40,152 66,180 118,980 39 24,385 9 T otal.............................. 1,042,943 14 I3 L4 7 2 3-3 1 8 0 0 ......................................... 5 ,3 0 8 ,4 8 3 2 1 0 ,8 7 3 3-9 1 8 1 0 ......................................... 7 ,2 3 9 ,8 8 1 356,92o‘ 4 .9 1 8 2 0 ......................................... 9 ,6 3 3 ,8 2 2 8 6 4 ,5 0 9 1 8 4 0 ......................................... 1 7 ,0 6 9 ,4 5 3 i , 453,994 8-5 1 8 5 0 ......................................... 23, 191,876 2 ,8 9 7 ,5 8 6 12-5 i 8 6 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3L4 4 3 ,3 2 i 5 ,0 7 2 ,2 5 6 Ohio ................................................ .. Indiana.............................................. Illinois...................................... Michigan............................................ Wisconsin.......................................... Minnesota........ ................................. Io w a .................................................. Missouri............................................ Kansas.............. .. Nebraska ........................................ l6 .I 1 8 7 0 .............. . . . ................ 38,558,37i 8 ,0 7 1 ,8 7 5 2 0 .9 1 8 8 0 ........................................ 5°, i 55,783 ii,3 i8 ,S 4 7 2 2 .5 one in thirty-three to nearly one in four. The number of cities of various grades as to population, at the date of each census, is shown Montana............................................ W yoming.............. ............................ Colorado.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New M exico.................................... Arizona.. . . . . . . . — .................... U tah................................................ Nevada.............................................. Washington...................................... Oregon. . . . .............................. California------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the following table: TO TO | TO TO Total.................... . 7 5 .0 0 0 TO , TO TO AND t o , list with a percentage of 24. The average of the Southern Central states, which form an almost purely agricultural section, is only 9 per cent. G eo g ra p h ica l D istrib u tio n o f the P o p u la tio n . — The general view of the 3 7 8 divisions, viz.: the Atlantic plain; the Appala in a preceding chapter, showed four great chian mountain region; the great valley of the Mississippi, with the region of the Great L akes; 892,114 327,248 These differ 28 from one another in climate, in agricultural and 844,462 17 27 mineral products, in industrial and commercial 353,230 22 272,733 129,567 21 201,800 17 12 505,903 23 84,907 8 5!>8 79 II 3,663,843 21 58,351 28,084 interests, and in density of population. T o ta l. A bove. It appears from the following table that nearly one-third of the population is found on the Atlantic plain, more than one-half in the 5 interior valley, less than one-seventh in the Appalachian region, and only a little over three 231,296 3 24 5,396 14 782,889 P ercen tage of T otal P o p u l a t io n . 2 231.720 T o p o g r a p h ic a l D iv is io n s . 7 13,138 104,904 9 h 7 2 9 .8 4 13-38 53- 5 ° W e ste rn Group. proportion of the urban element has risen from D a t e . Louisiana, containing New Orleans, heads the per cent, in the Cordilleran region: T o ta l....... .............. It will be seen that in ninety years the 8 0 12 0 10 0 4 .0 0 .0 0 ,0 02 ,0 0 0 0 12 .0 02 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 0 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 12 0 2 ,0 04 ,0 07 .0 012 .0 02 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 5 .0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 Mississippi 3, Texas and Tennessee 7 per cent. and the vast Cordilleran region. Alabama............................................ Mississippi............ ....................... Louisiana.......................................... T e x a s ................................................ Arkansas........................................... Tennessee.......................................... Kentucky.......................................... 6 .7 2 per cent., Alabama 5, topographical features of the country, given Southern C e n tra l Group. 4-9 475,135 1 2 ,8 6 6 ,0 2 0 0 M 00 I 79° ......................................... Central states, where Arkansas has an urban 9° 12 8 Northern Central Group. T o ta l.. . . ___ . . . . . . . 3 ,9 2 9 ,2 1 4 M 75U39 213,600 South Atlantic Group. population in all nationalities is constantly The other extreme is found in the Southern element of only Maine................................................. New Hampshire .............................. Vermont............................................ Massachusetts................ .. Rhode Island ..,.............................. Connecticut...................................... New York ..................................... New Jersey...................................... Pennsylvania.................... .. more recent years, by a gradually diminishing the people of this entire section live in towns or cities having at least 4,000 inhabitants. North Atlantic Group. 135,9°° 9 M oo 37,800 The urban 3 .2 8 •••• 5 9 ,7 i5 3i 6,635 7,007 6 The distribution of the population among 18 the principal drainage basins of the country is 26,837 19 23,884 as follows: 97^ per cent, live on the Atlantic 39 •••• 10 slope, only £ of 1 per cent, in the Great Basin, and 2£ per cent, on the Pacific slope. The 17,577 344,004 40 average number of persons to a square mile on 485,659 27 the Atlantic slope is 22^, in the Great Basin 1, This table illustrates the great diversity and on the Pacific slope i£. W ith regard to 1810............. 4 1820............. 3 4 12 17 11 6 I 2 2 2 10 1850............. 36 20 14 7 62 34 2*? 12 1870............. 92 63 n o into the Atlantic— namely, the region east of the Mississippi water-shed, south of the drain age area of the Great Lakes and the St. of the urban element are found in the North Lawrence, and north of that of the Gulf— are In Rhode Island more than 34^ per cent., or a little more than one-third three-fourths of the population are urban; in of the aggregate population of the country; in the drainage area of the Great Lakes and the 5 i860............. 1880............. Thus, with the Atlantic states. 7 1840............. 1 it is found that upon the area draining directly is an exceptional case, all the high percentages 2 M OO 3 purely agricultural states and those in which exception of the District of Columbia, which I > 1 O I 1800............. the principal sub-divisions of the Atlantic slope, Massachusetts I79O............. in respect to urban population, between the manufactures J 76 Re 14 55 8 21 9 0 J 7 4 3 I 286 The following table shows the distribution predominate. two-thirds; in Connecticut, New York and New Jersey, more than one- St. Lawrence are of the urban population, by states and groups half. Gulf of Mexico, exclusive of the Mississippi of states. are those of Maine and Vermont, which have These figures include all dense The lowest percentages in this section ii£ basin, are 8£ per cent. per cent.; in that of the In the drainage area of SCRIBNERS STATISTICAL ATLAS. xlvi population. The following tables show the distribution It will be seen from this table that more No less than 97 per cent, of the population than nine-tenths of the population live at the Mississippi are 43^ per cent, of the whole live in regions where the mean temperature in an altitude of July ranges between 65° and 85° Fah.; and 70 less than of the population in latitude and in longitude, sea level; at an per cent, of the whole are found in the area by belts each five degrees in breadth: elevation of less than 1,000 feet; and nearly where the mean temperature of January, the one-fifth at an elevation of less than 100 feet coldest month, ranges from 20° to 40° Fah. D egrees of P ercentage of T otal P opulation . L atitu de . more than 1,500 feet above above tide, along the immediate seaboard and in the swampy and °-3 13 .0 25.6 three-fourths level regions of the P ercentage P opulation of T otal per P opulation . S quare M ile . I sotherms. South. B elo w 40° F a h .................................................. 2.0 °-5 7.0 56.0 In the area below 500 feet are found nearly 5-i all of the population engaged in the culture 45 to 5 0 ............................................ ............... 27-3 of cotton, rice and sugar, and in the foreign 5o to 5 5 ............................................................... 29.7 55 to 6 0 ............................................................... 32-5 14.9 A large majority 60 to 6 5 ............................................................... 1 0 .4 12.4 of those engaged in manufactures are found in 65 to 7 0 ............................................................... 6 .6 12.2 70 to 7 5 ............................................................... 0 .8 4.0 Between the parallels of 390 and 440 are found more than one-half of the population, and seven out of the eight largest cities in the country — New York, Philadelphia, Brooklyn, Chicago, Boston, Baltimore and Cincinnati. The eighth city, St. Louis, is only a few miles south of this belt; within which are also located fifteen out of the twenty cities of over 100,000 inhabitants, and forty out of the forty-five cities having over 40,000 in habitants. the area included between the levels of 500 A b o v e 7 5 ............................................................ 8.3 20.3 22.9 T riflin g . 1.1 and 1,500 feet; which area comprises also the greater part of the prairie states and the grainproducing states of the Northwest. The following table shows the distribution of the aggregate population according to the The contour line of 2,000 feet represents, annual rainfall: in that part of the country east of the 98th meridian, practically the limit of population— Classes—I nches of R ainfall . settlements above that elevation being few and P ercentage P opulation of T otal ! per P opulation. Square Mile . i sparse, and the country being principally made D egrees E ast of 70 to 75 to 80 to 85 to 90 to 95 to 100 to 105 to n o to 115 to 120 to commerce of the country. 4 ° to 4 5 ............................................................... of P ercentage of T otal P opulation . L ongitude . 0.8 7 0 .. 75 . 80. 85. 90. 95. IOO. 105. no. 115. 120. 125. 15-8 19.1 18.8 20.4 IS-3 6o° a n d a b o v e .................................................. 1.70 12.7 up of rugged mountain summits and ridges. 55 to 6 0 ........................................................-.. - 5.62 19.7 5 ° to 5 5 .............................................................. 8 .6 0 22.1 45 to 5 0 ............................................................... 25-43 57-7 2 2 .6 4 40.1 That between 2,000 and 3,000 feet constitutes 4 ° to 4 5 ............................................................... % 35 to 4 0 .......... ...................- ............................... 19.97 38.5 the debatable ground between the arid region 30 to 3 5 ............................................................... 9.96 23.0 of the Cordilleras and the well-watered region 25 to 3 0 ............................................................... 2-43 9.0 20 to 2 5 ........................... ................................... 1.65 3-8 i-3 The area between 2,000 and 5,000 feet comprises mainly the slope of the great plains. 6.2 0 .4 of the Mississippi valley. 15 to 2 0 ............................................................... 1.06 o -5 country having an elevation greater than 3,000 10 to 1 5 ............................................ ............... 0.63 °-5 feet, in the western part of the United States, B elow 10............................................................... 0.31 °-5 0.4 0.4 1.9 In reference to longitudinal distribution, it In most of the irrigation is almost universally necessary for It will be seen that 68 per cent, of the the cultivation of crops. • will be noticed that over one-third of the total It will be noticed that in the area between population occupy regions enjoying between population live east of 8o°, the meridian of 4,000 and 6,000 feet, the population is denser thirty-five and fifty inches of rainfall annually; Pittsburgh; over one-half east of 85°, which than in the grade below. and more than 86 per cent, where there is a meridian passes a few miles west of Cincinnati; fact that many of the most prosperous mining fall of from thirty to fifty-five inches. and three-fourths east of 90°, the meridian of sections of the W est lie at this elevation. density of population is also the greatest within St. Louis. the area above 6,000 feet the inhabitants are This is due to the In The these limits. The distribution of population in 1870 and engaged almost exclusively in mining, and are The average annual rainfall upon the surface 1880, at different elevations above the sea-level, found in those states and territories which have of the United States, exclusive of Alaska, is not is given below: the greatest mean elevation, such as Colorado, far from twenty-nine New Mexico, Nevada and California. the country, having reference to the distribution of the % population, that is, giving weight to different exclusive of Alaska, has been estimated at parts of the country in proportion to the density 2,600 feet above of their population, was, in 1880, 42.9 inches. E levation above S ea L evel . (F eet .) P ercentage of T o tal P opulation . P opulation per S quare M ile . 1880. 1870. 1880. average elevation sea level. of The average rainfall, IOO................. 1 8 .7 6 1 8 .2 5 39-9 5°-5 elevation of the total population has been In 100 to S ° ° ................. 2 2 .4 4 2 1 .4 8 21 . I 2 6 .3 roughly computed at about 700 feet. movement towards the region of less rain 500 to 1,0 0 0 ................. 3 9 - 23 37-93 2 7 -3 3 6 -7 1,000 to I ,5 ° ° ................. 1 4 .5 8 I5-76 *5 - 3 2 2 .4 I ,5 ° o to 2,000................. 3-°9 3-75 6 .1 II.I distribution of population in accordance with 2,000 to 3 ,0 0 0 ......................... i- 3 3 1 .2 2 -3 the mean annual temperature, it appears that 3,000 to 4 ,0 0 0 ................. 0 .2 1 0 .2 6 °-3 0 .6 nearly three-fourths of the population live ance with the rainfall of the spring and summer 4,000 to 5 ,000................. 0 .2 2 °-3 3 o -3 0 .6 months, that is, during the agricultural season, 6 ,0 0 0 ................. between the isothermals of 450and 6o°, and that 5,000 to o -35 0 .5 4 0 .7 1 .4 6,000 to 7 ,0 0 0 ................. 0 .1 5 O .I9 0 .4 0 .6 an additional 10 per cent, live between 6o° and shows that more than 94 per cent, live where 7,000 to 8 ,0 0 0 ......................... 0 .0 2 0 .0 3 O. I 0 .2 65° mean annual temperature; while above the rainfall during this period is between fifteen 8,000 to 9 ,0 0 0 ................. 0 .0 2 0 .0 5 0 .2 0 .6 and below these isotherms the population is and thirty inches, and that nearly 62 per cent, but slight. are found in the area between the isohyetal VO 0 to ---- A b o v e 1 0 ,0 0 0 ................... 0 .0 5 1 .0 From the accompanying table, showing the The densest settlement also is between the isothermals of 450 and 6o°. 1870 this was The O 1870. The inches. 43.5 inches, showing a fall, that is, toward the arid regions of the W est. A distribution of the population in accord lines of twenty and twenty-five inches. / POPULATION. xlvii D is trib u tio n o f th e S ex es.— The T h e C o lo red E lem ent. — Examination cent.) is found where the mean annual tem maps and diagrams upon Plate 23 show, in the of the map and diagrams descriptive of the perature is between 50° and 70° Fah. United States at large, a slight excess of male colored population shows that the greatest than 85 per cent, live in the region receiving population, owing to the preponderance of proportion of this element is found in South an annual rainfall of between forty and sixty males among the immigrants to this country. Carolina, where it forms about three-fifths of inches. In long-settled agricultural regions, under the the whole and are the following: that in the region having normal conditions, females slightly outnumber Mississippi more than one-half of the popula sixty inches annually, the colored form 43 per males. tion are colored. In Alabama, the District of cent, of the population, and in that receiving Columbia, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina between fifty-five and sixty inches, they form and Virginia, the colored element forms from 36.5 per cent., while in the region receiving older states along the Atlantic, with the excep one-third to one-half of the total. fifty to fifty-five inches, more than half the tion only of Delaware and Florida, females and Tennessee, from one-fourth to one-third are considerably in excess, as they are also are colored. in Alabama, Louisiana and Tennessee. W est Virginia and Missouri have the smallest In ter-State M igratio n .—The excess of females is more marked in the proportion of colored population. Outside the readiness of Americans to change their place northern than in the southern of these states, former slave states the proportion is trifling. of residence is shown by the fact that, out of a due, doubtless, to a greater westward emigra In the United States as a whole, the colored total population of a little over 50,000,000, more tion of males from the former section, and also element, during the decade between 1870 and than 9,500,000 were born in states other than to the presence in the North Atlantic states, 1880, increased slightly. The proportional gains those in which they now live. of those classes of manufactures which employ in colored population were made mainly in the those who have changed their place of residence female labor. former slave-holding states. without changing their state is still larger. Am ong the different states a wide diversity exists in the proportion of the sexes. In the The The overplus of females is population. In Louisiana In Arkansas Not less More striking facts in this connection inhabitants are colored. Am ong the former slave states, O f these South extreme The number of greatest in the District of Columbia, owing, Carolina stands at the head of the list, and presumably, to the large number of that sex Mississippi, Louisiana, North Carolina, Georgia of the subject of inter-state migrations. employed in the Government departments. and Arkansas follow in the order named. In the first table the successive columns show, Texas, Florida, Alabama and Kentucky, there first, the total native population of each state, form the majority, the proportion of this sex was a relative decrease. In Indiana there was whether born in the state or elsewhere in the rising, as a general thing, as the longitude a trifling increase, during the decade, while United States; second, the total number born increases. Throughout the Mississippi valley, Kansas, which received most of the so-called in each state, wherever generally speaking, the males are slightly in “ exodus” in 1878-9, suffered a relative decrease, United States, and, third, the number of resi excess, showing that, in this respect, it has not showing, beyond any question, that the impor dents of each state who were born therein: yet reached the normal condition of an agri tance of this movement was greatly exaggerated. In the other states and territories, males cultural region. In the extreme West, where A s heretofore stated, the census of 1870 was the principal interests are mining and cattle quite imperfect as regards the South, and, it is raising, immigration, which is largely of the probable, that the apparent proportional in male element, continues to disturb the normal crease of colored population was not actual, but equilibrium of the sexes. Utah shows a much was due to the defects of the census in question. smaller excess of males than the other states character of its immigration, which is mainly of G e o g ra p h ical D istrib u tion o f the C o lo red E lem en t.— The fact that the families, including women and children; and colored population is confined almost entirely also, to a certain extent, to the practice of polyg to the South Atlantic and Southern Central amy. In New Mexico, which has been long states, indicates that it prefers climatic condi settled by descendants of the Spaniards and the tions characterized by high temperature, heavy semi-civilized Indians, the relative proportions rainfall, and great atmospheric humidity. of the sexes are much the same as in Utah. a race, it avoids great elevation above sea-level, and territories of this section, owing to the As During the decade between 1870 and 1880, preferring the low seaboard of the Southern in the United States, taken as a whole, there coast, and the midland country of the Atlantic was a slight increase of males as compared plain. with females. further on, are almost the exact opposites of In most of the North Atlantic states, as also in Illinois, Iowa and Missouri, there was a slight relative increase of females, These conditions, as will be noticed those affected by the foreign-born element of the population. while, in nearly all the states and territories of Dividing the colored population according the extreme W est there was a very large to its range above sea-level, it is found that relative increase of this sex. about 22 per cent, live at an elevation of less On the other hand, males increased relatively in Colorado, New Mexico and Utah, of the W estern section, than 100 feet, while more than two-thirds are found below 500 feet, and not less than and in all the states of the South Atlantic and 93 per cent, below 1,000 feet, leaving only Southern Central sections, as well as in most a few thousands at greater elevations. of those in the Northern Central section. great mass of the colored population (93 per The The following tables present an epitome States . Alabama.......................... Arkansas.......................... California...................... Colorado......................... Connecticut.................... Delaware........................ Florida............................ Georgia............................ Illinois............................ Indiana............................ Iow a................................ Kansas............................ Kentucky........................ Louisiana........................ M aine............................... M aryland........................ Massachusetts................ M ichigan........................ Minnesota........................ Mississippi...................... Missouri.......................... Nebraska........................ Nevada............................ New Hampshire............ New Jersey.................... New Y o r k ...................... North Carolina.............. O h io................................ Oregon............................ Pennsylvania.................. Rhode Island............... South Carolina.............. Tennessee........................ T e x a s .............................. Vermont.. .................... Virginia ........................ West Virginia. . . . . . . . Wisconsin........................ now living in the T otal N ative P opulation . 1,252,771 7 9 2 A 75 571,820 15 4 ,5 3 7 492,708 1 3 7 ,1 4 0 2 5 9 ,5 8 4 i , 53 L 6 i 6 2 ,4 9 4 ,2 9 5 1,834,123 1,362,965 886,010 In T otal B orn in State . i , 3 i 9, i 8o 520,740 Born and L iving in State . 1,014,633 4 3 6 ,0 7 7 326,000 26,363 398,211 110,643 355>I 57 31,827 538,832 i 5 5 ,5 i 7 194,518 1,719,068 2,263,409 1,798,490 1 73,481 L 3 9 5 ,2 I 4 1,709,520 1 ,3 5 4 ,5 6 5 9 5 4 ,6 9 5 7 3 7 ,3 ° 6 279,151 1,856,310 817,492 233,066 1,402,112 728,322 5 9 °,o 53 7 4 5 ,2 7 2 852,137 958,141 1 ,3 3 9 ,5 0 4 1,356,295 920,661 563,015 762,641 1,088,565 803,306 1,589, r 73 885,800 1,248,429 5 1 3 ,6 9 7 1,122,388 1,956,802 3 5 4 ,9 8 8 36,613 300,697 909,416 3 , 87 b 492 3 4 b 75o 1,056,993 1,567,284 ” 3 ,4 7 8 18,256 371,262 9 0 6 ,0 0 5 4 , 753,547 1 ,3 9 6 ,0 0 8 1 ,6 3 8 ,0 5 8 2 ,8 0 3 ,1 1 9 3 ,3 0 2 ,6 5 6 1 4 4 ,2 6 5 8 1 ,6 0 8 3 ,6 9 5 ,0 6 2 4 ,1 8 4 ,1 8 0 2 0 2 ,5 3 8 b i, 2 0 1 ,7 2 2 9 8 7 ,8 9 1 1 ,1 8 3 ,3 1 1 525,657 477 , i 33 1,787,504 302,371 863,185 1,268,641 9 5 ,7 0 0 13,732 2 4 2 ,7 5 7 725,614 3 , 556,394 b 344,553 2, 36 i ,437 67,942 3,385,693 152,487 952,395 i, 3 i 3 ,5 S2 9 1 5 ,0 2 0 8 7 0 ,7 0 5 5 i , 78o 2 9 1 ,3 2 7 4 3 0 ,0 4 1 1 ,4 9 7 ,8 6 9 2 ,1 1 8 ,4 6 0 6 0 0 ,1 9 2 4 4 0 ,2 1 3 435,I24 397,267 9 1 0 ,0 7 2 893,945 693,177 2 i , The main points of interest in this first table appear on the surface. New York stands SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS xlviii at the head of the list, having the largest native from the Eastern states, which have, however, B y the former, the Western states have been population, including natives of the state and contributed by no means equally in proportion swollen and the Eastern ones depleted. immigrants from other states, the largest num to their population. In the number of emi example, Maine has received but 5 per cent., ber of natives of the state, wherever now grants to other states, New York naturally New Y ork 8, Pennsylvania 8, Virginia and the residing, and the largest number of natives still leads; then follow Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Carolinas but 4 per cent., and so o n ; while the remaining in the old homestead. Illinois, Tennessee, Kentucky and Indiana, in newer states, to which the current is flowing, follows, then Ohio and Illinois, the older states the order named. have standing pretty nearly in the order of their total precedence of Pennsylvania in this respect, Colorado credits 83 per cent, of her popula population. although by reason of its smaller population tion to other states, Kansas 74, Nebraska 73, proportion of inhabitants native to the state is and by Nevada 62, Oregon 53, and Iowa 46 per cent., small, this order is no longer followed, nor do emigration should The with at least half a dozen other states closely the states stand in the same order, by any explanation is to be found means, in respect to all three elements presented condition of population and occupations in in the different columns. the two states. Pennsylvania In the newer states, where the more recent Ohio unexpectedly takes settlement, its loss naturally be less. in the relative The principal interests of Ohio received enormous accessions. For Thus approaching the last named figure. Striking a balance between gains and losses, we find that all of the thirteen original states, are still agricultural, though manufactures are except Rhode Island, together with as showing for each state the absolute and beginning to assume great prominence. The Vermont, Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee, have relative amounts state has become too densely settled, generally made net losses, the others having gained. speaking, for an agricultural population. The New York has sustained a net loss of 882,055, result must be either a decided change in the or 23 per cent, of the total native population of industries of the state, permitting a greater the state. number of persons to obtain a livelihood upon native blood, its native population has increased the same area, or a considerable emigration. during the past twenty years about 1,000,000, The difficulty is receiving its solution in both or nearly 30 per cent.; a sufficient answer, were these ways. answer necessary, to those who claim that the The second table possesses great interest, of inter-state immigration and emigration, with the gains and losses resulting therefrom. N ative N ative E migration . I mmigration. States. N umber. Alabama............... A rk a n sa s............. California............. Colorado............... Connecticut.......... Delaware.............. Florida.................. Georgia.................. Illinois.................. Indiana................. Iowa .................... Kansas.................. Kentucky.............. Louisiana.............. Maine.................... Maryland.............. Massachusetts_ _ Michigan.............. Minnesota............ Mississippi............ Missouri................ Nebraska.............. Nevada................. New Hampshire.. New J ersey........... New Y o rk ............ North Carolina... Ohio...................... Oregon.................. Pennsylvania........ Rhode Island.. . . South Carolina__ Tennessee............. T exas.................. Vermont................ Virginia................ West V irginia._ Wisconsin............. 304,547 84,663 29,157 P er P fr . N umber. Cent . Cent . 23 l6 8 5,464 17 140,621 44,874 26 29 21,037 II 323,854 553,889 443,925 217,389 46,085 454,198 19 24 25 23 l6 238,138 356,098 245,820 128,174 19 45 43 94,497 19 26,497 86,103 136,402 33 9 784-775 625,659 652,944 74 187,061 12 18 24 11 24 20 20 250,939 H 7,355 13 445,123 II 210,726 259,203 688,161 259,288 22,881 193,808 298,643 17,778 4,524 128,505 180,391 19 19 l6 25 35 20 19 32 26 46 479,558 89,170 182,257 195,500 267,730 39,379 83 157,478 27,038 89,496 57,940 5 II 19 36 41 23 35 73 62 183,802 315,098 19 20 8 51,455 4 441,682 l6 17 19 24 20 76,323 309,369 50,051 53 25 35,496 4 14 41 178,261 683,336 27 5 41 32 212,105 606,428 39.547 42,946 200,768 IO 202,925 14 4 34 22 216,895 24 1, 197,153 293,505 941,219 13,666 798,487 49,235 230,916 473,952 44,315 25 18 28 62,745 8 N et Gain + P er N et L oss— C ent . — 66,409 + 27L 435 + 216,663 +122,710 -4 6 ,12 4 - 18,377 +65,066 -187,452 + 230,886 + 35,633 + 408,270 + 606,859 — 267,137 + 68,308 -15 5 ,2 19 — 106,004 -1 6 ,7 9 1 + 327,768 + I 7 L 347 + 65,395 + 389,518 + 241,510 + 18,357 -70,565 + 3, 4 H -882,055 — 242,050 - 499,537 4 62,657 — 489,118 + 816 -195,420 — 261,847 + 562,113 -13 8 ,7 14 — 620,591 + 159,979 + 16,127 -5 + 34 + 38 + 80 -9 The states east of the Mississippi show Maine, In spite of this heavy drain upon its native population cannot maintain itself without -13 considerable diversity as regards the ratio of the assistance of foreign immigration. + 25 — 12 native emigration to the total number born of the older states have sustained even larger +9 +2 +30 + 70 in the state. proportional losses. -17 +8 — 26 — 12 —I +26 433 +6 + 20 + 68 + 50 -2 3 + 0.3 Vermont leads, with a percentage Others Vermont has lost 48 per of 41, then follow New Hampshire with 35, cent., and still has gained slightly since i860 in Virginia 32, and Ohio native population. 28 per cent. The Virginia has lost 41 per average of native emigration for this section cent., Maine 26, New Hampshire 23, South is 23 per cent. Carolina 20, Ohio 18 and North Carolina 17, The smallest losses of native population by emigration have been in W est Virginia, 10 per cent., and and yet have gained in the native element. On the other hand, the net gains have been Florida, 11 per enormous. cent. The Western states, of course, show small Kansas has received over 600,000, being an increase of 70 per cent., and is The contrast between the older exceeded proportionally by Colorado, whose -18 and the newer parts of the country in this accessions have netted 80 per cent, of gain, and + 43 -13 + 0.4 respect, would be still greater if the ratio had is been computed between the emigration and per cent. -2 3 -1 7 — 20 -17 +38 -4 8 -4 1 + 27 +2 percentages. the total native population, inasmuch as the followed closely by Nebraska with 68 The course of inter-state migration has total number born in these newer states is been mainly along parallels of latitude. comparatively small. grants from the North Atlantic states have gone Emi North mainly to the Northern Central section, and The two elements of inter-state emigration Atlantic states by emigration to other states those from the South Atlantic states to the and immigration are contrasted in the first has been mainly made up to them by foreign Southern Central section; people from Maine and third columns of the above table. The immigration, still the number received from have settled largely in Michigan, Wisconsin, second column represents, by percentages, the neighboring states has not been inconsiderable. Minnesota and Dakota; those from New York proportion which the native emigration bears The reverse has been the case in the states have generally chosen a more southerly locality, to the total number born in each state. of the South Atlantic section. Not only have going into Ohio, northern Indiana, Illinois and they received, practically, no foreign immi Iowa; Virginia has overflowed into Kentucky, gration, but the number of native immigrants Missouri, southern Indiana and Illinois; North immigrants and the total native population of from other comparatively Carolina into Tennessee and Arkansas; and the state. The fifth column presents the net small. Consequently, up to 1870, these states Georgia into Alabama, Louisiana and Texas. gain or loss to the state by inter-state migra made slow tions, and the last column, the proportion which constantly such gain or loss bears to the native population receiving but few accessions. Although fourth column proportion shows, by subsisting The percentages, the between the native of each state. The main current of migration proceeded the states decrease has progress depleted been in by in the population, being emigration, while Thus far the movement of native population only has been under consideration. The converse of this subject, namely, the inquiry as The columns of immigration, of course, pre to the birth-place of the present inhabitants of sent the obverse of those concerning emigration. each state, is, however, of scarcely less interest POPULATION. xlix Thus New York has received its largest con from which it appears that within the four of this section— is in itself sufficient to account tribution from the state of Pennsylvania, its decades since 1841, its population has decreased for this fact. next by over 3,000,000. unfavorable to the inhabitants largest from New Jersey, then from The effect of the almost Again, the climate is more or less of northern Massachusetts, Connecticut and Vermont, in equally large emigration from Germany is less Europe. the has marked, owing to the much greater population other hand, a great variety of manufactures, received the greatest number from New York, of that country, but as no census of the German with the mining of coal and iron, have drawn and then follow in succession New Jersey, Empire had been taken prior to 1867, there thither Irish, Germans, French and Canadians Maryland, are few data for comparison. in large numbers. order of mention. Pennsylvania Ohio and Virginia; Virginia has The small rate In the northeastern states, on the In Michigan, Wisconsin, received a large number from North Carolina, of increase shown by a comparison of the Minnesota, Dakota, Iowa and Illinois, immi then from Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York German census of 1871 with that of 1880 is grants and Tennessee; Florida from Georgia, South attributable, in large measure, to emigration. farming lands. have been attracted by the cheap In this section most of the Carolina, Alabama, North Carolina and Virginia, The following table shows the percentage immigrants are in the order named; Texas from Alabama, of the total foreign-born population contributed agricultural pursuits. Tennessee, Mississippi, Georgia and Missouri; by the five principal nationalities mentioned, region the mining interest is the chief attrac Colorado from New York, Illinois, Missouri, as ascertained at each census since 1850: tive force. Ohio and Pennsylvania; California from New York, Missouri, Massachusetts, Ohio and Illinois. C en su s. 1 8 5 0 ................ the state of Michigan no less than 229,657 i 8 6 0 ................. Ireland. E nglan d W ales. and 4 2 .8 5 From G er m an y. Sw eden and D enm ark. B r it is h A m e r ic a . increase gained slightly upon immigration, n 33-33 2 7 .7 6 I I every 100,000 of the native population, the I -75 6 .0 4 foreign population was 1,516 less in 1880 than 4-34 8 .8 6 2 9 .4 4 1 1 .2 4 1 8 8 0 ................. 6 .5 8 3°-37 -54 38-93 For 0 .8 0 6-59 1 0 .7 4 2 6 .0 1 . 17 Alabama, Texas has received 93,625, and from Georgia, 61,407. Cordilleran 3°-83 13-75 1 8 7 0 ................. Ohio. the follow during the decade ending with 1880. There are residing in natives of New York, and 86,391 natives of In and In the United States, as a whole, natural N orw ay, O f the magnitude of these contributions a few examples will suffice. Scandinavians, in 1870. In thirty-five of the states and terri tories the foreign element decreased relatively, Iowa has In 1850 the Irish formed more than two- received from Illinois 102,820, from Indiana fifths of all the foreign element, but since that should be a sufficient answer to those who are 59,278, and from Ohio 120,495. time their steadily fond of asserting the relative decadence of diminished, until now they form little more the native population, in comparison with the than one-fourth. growth of foreign immigration. F o re ig n P o p u la t io n —Since the year relative numbers The have English and W elsh while it increased in but twelve. These facts The relative 1820, official reports have been made of the element has also diminished slightly in pro increase of the foreign number of foreign emigrants who have arrived portion, while the Germans increased, between place in those sections where it was formerly upon our shores. The number received prior 1850 and i860, from a little over one-fourth to greatest; that is, in New England, where it is to that date is a matter of conjecture only, but above 30 per cent., and have since held very employed in manufacturing; in Dakota and has been estimated by the Bureau of Statistics nearly the same proportion. There has been a Oregon, where the public lands have invited to be in the neighborhood of 250,000. steady increase of Scandinavians, and of British settlement, and in Colorado and New Mexico, Americans, principally French Canadians. where the demand for labor in the mines has For the period between 1820 and 1880, the number of immigrants is given by the reports of the Bureau of Statistics as follows: The map and diagrams relating to the element has taken attracted many immigrants. general distribution of the foreign population 1821 to 1830.................................................................. • • 1831 to 1840.................................................................. ••599,125 1841 to 1850................................................................. 1 , 7 1 3 ,2 5 1 143,439 The total number of natives of the German show that it is in no state equal to the native Empire residing in the United ^States was> element. in 1880, 1,966,742. The largest proportion of foreign- The following table com 1861 to 1870................................................................. 1871 to 1880 ................................................................ 2, 579, 5 8 ° 2,282,787 2,812,191 Or a total of 10,130,373 since 1820. The nativity of this large body of immigrants born inhabitants is found in the states and prises the ten states in which are found the territories of the W estern and of the Northern largest numbers of this nationality, with the Central sections. The proportion is greatest number in each, and the proportion which in Nevada, Arizona, Dakota, Minnesota and 1851 to i860................................................................ this number bears to the total number of California, where it forms more than half the Germans in the United States: is shown in the following table of the principal total population. sources of immigration between 1820 and 1879: territories, namely, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Ireland........................ 3,°65,76i In thirteen other states and Sta tes. N um ber. P ercen tage of T otal. Connecticut, New York, Michigan, Wisconsin, New Y o rk .................................................... 355 - 9 I 3 18 Nebraska, Montana, W yom ing, Colorado, Utah, Illinois.......................................................... 235,786 Germany.................... 3,002,027 England...................... • -891,444 France.................. Sweden and Norway ••3i 3,7i 6 Idaho and Washington, it constitutes between . .30 6,092 Scotland.................... one-fourth and one-half of the population. • - 159,547 1 8 4 ,3 2 8 9 Pennsylvania................................................ 1 6 8 ,4 2 6 9 is smallest in the Southern Central and South Missouri. . . . 1 0 6 ,8 0 0 5 Atlantic sections, especially in Virginia, North Michigan....................................................... 8 9 ,0 8 5 5 Iowa............................................................... 8 8 ,2 6 8 Indiana.......................................................... 8 0 ,7 5 6 Minnesota..................................................... 6 6 ,5 9 2 ... 8 3 , 7 0 9 Denmark.................. . . . .4 8 ,6 2 0 and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and 44,319 Mississippi, where the foreign-born form less . . .70,181 Netherlands.............. Russia........................ ••• ...3 8 ,3 1 6 Spain........................... . . . 28,091 Belgium...................... ...2 3 ,2 6 7 Wales.......................... ...1 7 ,8 9 3 The effect of the enormous emigration from xo 10 Wisconsin...................................................... It Switzerland........ ....... Italy .......................... Austro-Hungary........ . ..6 5 ,5 8 8 jy/ ............................................ 3 than 2 per cent, of the natives. W ith the exception of Florida, Louisiana It is seen that these ten states, all of which and Texas, the Southern states have only a are in the North and Northwest, contain four- numerically insignificant foreign element. fifths of all the Germans in the country. The Less Ireland is shown most forcibly by the returns presence of the colored race— which, from its than two per cent, of the whole number are of the different adaptation to the climate, monopolizes the labor found in New England. censuses of that country, SCRIBNER’S STATISTICAL ATLAS. 1 speech of its inhabitants. The principal num The Irish form, next to the Germans, the Not less than 78 per cent, of all the British most numerous foreign nationality represented Americans in the country were contained in the bers of French in 1880, were found in the in the United States, the ten states last enumerated, all but two of following states: having been 1,854,571. number in 1880 Their distribution, which, it will be noticed, are on the immediate Germans, has its center much farther eastward, as is shown by the following list of the ten states containing the largest proportion of Irish the great majority of which were contained in inhabitants: the Lake region. States. N umber. P ercentage of T otal. Q The manner in which immi 8 ,5 2 4 8 grants of this nationality have sought out the 7,9 4 9 8 4,642 A 4 ,4 7 3 A 3 ,7 3 9 2 O 3,203 7 climate and other conditions most closely New Y o rk.................................................... 499,445 27 Pennsylvania................................................ 13 Massachusetts.............................................. 236,505 226,700 12 Illinois.......................................................... AA/> 4 o o 6 number and the proportion to the total number New Jersey.................................................. 93,079 5 of Norwegians and Swedes in the country, O hio.............................................................. / 4 for the ten states in which they are most Connecticut.................................................. 70,638 4 California...................................................... 62,962 numerous: 3 Missouri........................................................ 48,898 Iowa.............................................................. 44,061 approximating those of their native land is very striking. 3 The following table, shows their In these states a little more than threefourths of the whole French element of the country is contained. Comparing the above tables relating to the N umber. States . Minnesota................................................... P ercentage of T otal. 101,697 27 W hile the Germans have largely spread Illinois........................................................... westward to the states of the upper Mississippi Wisconsin...................................................... 5 7 ,4 8 7 different nationalities with one another, it will readily be seen how the different states mentioned stand in relation to the several 5 9 ,3 8 5 valley and the Lake region, the Irish have Q 9 ,5 5 ° Norwegians and Swedes numbered 376,066, Q 9,9 9 2 and Massachusetts, adjoin border states. 19 10,136 northern border, while the two exceptions, Iowa P ercentage of T otal. 20,321 while much more general than that of the N umber. States . 15 3 9 ,M 5 nationalities. Thus, New Y ork contains the greatest number of Germans, Irish, English and Dakota ........................................................ 16,422 5 colonized in the North Atlantic states, espe New Y o rk ........................................ ........ 1 3 ,3 4 9 4 cially in the southern part of New England, Michigan...................................................... 12,932 3 British Americans it stands third in the list, and 12,565 O in respect to Swedes and Norwegians sixth. N eb rask a..................................................... 12,174 3 Pennsylvania................................................ 7 ,9 5 6 2 and ir the “ Middle states,” formerly so-called. The English and Welsh, to the number of 745,978, have spread over the country more generally than either the Germans or Irish. Welsh, Scotch and French, while in respect to The relations of the several foreign ele ments to urban and rural life respectively, are These ten states contained not less than of interest. It is impossible, from the tables most 88 per cent., while Minnesota alone contained of the census, to make an exhaustive study of numerous, contain more than three-fourths of more than one-fourth of all the Swedes and this subject, but a close approximation to the their entire number, as follows: Norwegians in the country. conditions prevailing may be obtained by con The ten states in which they are The Scotch, to the number of 170,136, are N umber. P ercentage of T otal. 123,585 A/ Illinois.......................................................... 60,012 8 O h io.............................................................. 5 5 ,3 i8 8 Massachusetts.............................................. 48,136 7 M ichigan...................................................... 44,032 < 5 States . New Y ork.................................................... 32,148 4 quite uniformly distributed over the Northern of the fifty largest cities. and W estern states. Those containing the an aggregate population of 7,713,903, or 15^ largest number of this nationality are given Pennsylvania................................................ New Jersey.................................................. sidering the nationality of the foreign element per cent, of the aggregate population of the below: country. States. N umber. P ercentage of T otal. New Y ork.................................................... 28,066 16 20 ,7 3 5 12 These cities contain The foreign element contained in them numbers 2,328,347, which is 30^ per cent of their aggregate population, being more than twice the proportion of foreign to aggregate Wisconsin...................................................... 30,268 Pennsylvania................................................ California.................................................. .. 26,577 Illinois.................... . .................................. 15,645 9 Massachusetts.............................................. 12,507 7 Michigan...................................................... io, 7 3 i 6 not less than 34^ per cent, is found in these 8,946 0 fifty cities, while, as stated above, but 15^ per Iow a.............................................................. 0 The British Americans, who stand numeri cally fourth in order, contributed, in 1880, 717,157 to the population. They are scattered closely along the northern boundary of the New Jersey.................................................. 7,633 4 6,885 4 California...................................................... 6,465 4 Wisconsin...................................................... 5 ,7 7 o 3 United States, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, The above ten states contain but 70 per principally in the following states: cent, of all the Scotch in the United States. States . N umber. Michigan .................................................................................. 148,866 Massachusetts.............................................. 119,302 New York..................................................... 84,182 Maine............................................................ 0/>AA4 P ercentage of T otal . Illinois.......................................................... Minnesota..................................................... Wisconsin.............................................. 17 ... 28,965 in the South. Exception to this statement, however, should be 5 cent, of the aggregate population is contained in them. It is seen, then, that the urban popu lation contains far more than its due proportion of the foreign element. Turning now to the several nationalities, the following results appear: ality have been I n F ifty L argest Cities . N a t io n a l it ie s . N umber. made in the case of Louisiana, to which state many of this nation attracted, the old French O f the total foreign population in the United States, distributed quite generally everywhere except 5 29,631 The French also, numbering 106,971, are population in the country at large. Germans.......................... P ercentage of A ll. 782,943 849,319 39-8 Irish................................ 45-8 4 New Hampshire.......................................... 27,142 Vermont........................................................ 24,620 0 Iowa.............................................. ............... 21,097 0 English and Welsh........ 2 1 5 ,7 5 7 28.9 element of the population probably being the British Americans.......... I33,6i 4 18.6 attractive 4 Orleans, more than Norwegians and Swedes 17,585 4-7 any other city in the United States, shows a Scotch.............................. 21,712 3 ° -4 French............................. 4 L 573 38.8 force. New distinct French impress, in the customs and POPULATION. The last column expresses the proportion li fives and even ages, and sinking lower than they of five and eighteen, including the former and which the number of each nationality in the should at other ages. excluding the fifty cities bears to the total number of that one another and so disappear where a term of almost precisely 30 per cent, of the aggregate nationality in the country. years is summarized. population. It appears that every nationality except one, the Swedes and These errors balance The average age of the aggregate popula The latter, was 15,065,767, being following table presents by states Norwegians, affects urban life to a greater tion is slightly over 24 years. That of the the number of children of school age, the extent than does the aggregate population, male element is almost precisely 24 years, natural militia, and the number of males of and, necessarily, still more so than does the that of the female voting age: native element of the population. year greater. and Norwegians are remarkable for the extent population, including the foreign element, is to which they affect rural life, while, on the 24.6 years, other nearly one-half years, and that of the foreign element, 38.5 years. the Irish, and much more than one-third of the The reason for this manifestly is, that the great Germans and French, have swarmed into the majority of immigrants are persons of mature cities, is highly significant in connection with age. the problems of city government. is but 21.7 years, a fact which sustains the hand, the fact that of the native whites but 22.2 The average age of the colored element wide-spread popular belief, that a smaller pro G e o g r a p h ic a l D is trib u tio n o f F o re ig n P o p u la tio n .—Conversely to portion of the colored race grow to maturity the habitat of the colored element, the foreign generally greater. than of the whites, and that its mortality is born inhabitants of this country seek com The number of females is less than that of paratively high latitudes and altitudes, and low males at each year of age up to fifteen years. temperatures and rainfall. Ninety-five and a Beyond that age, the number of females is half per cent, are found north of the parallel of slightly greater, with two or three exceptions, 370 the middle latitude of the country, and the , to twenty-two years of age. proportion which the foreign element bears to seventy-five years, the number of males is, in the total population of each latitude belt steadily most cases, slightly greater, beyond which point, increases northward, until, between latitudes up to one hundred years, females outnumber 470 and 48°, it reaches nearly 40 per cent, of males, and at some ages very decidedly. the total population. Thence up to O f the aggregate population, 29 per cent, are In regard to elevation above sea-level, 37 of the age of ten years or less. This proportion per cent, are found to be living between 500 is much lower than the normal one, inasmuch and as the foreign population enters into it, with its 1,000 feet, 14 per cent, between 100 and 500 feet, and about the same percentage small proportion of children. between 1,000 and 1,500 feet. Below 100 feet 32.8 per cent, were ten years of age or less. O f there are 28 per cent., principally in the large the colored element, the percentage for this seacoast cities of the north. The greater part age is considerably greater, being 34.9 per of the foreign population, amounting to over cent., a fact which is in complete accord with 87 per cent., is found in the region having a the smaller average age already mentioned, mean annual temperature of between 40° and and with the much greater death rate, which 550 Fah., and about 85 per cent, where the S t a t e s a n d T e r r it o r ie s . C h il d r e n o f School A ge. Alabam a.................................. 421,328 Arizona.................................... 7 ,9 2 4 Arkansas.................................. 266,075 California.................................. 216,393 Colorado.................................. 3 6 ,3 7 2 Connecticut.............................. 1 5 5 ,5 1 2 Dakota...................................... 32,909 Delaware.................................. 42,675 District of Columbia.............. 4 7 ,7 2 7 Florida...................................... 88,445 Georgia.................................... 5 ” ,555 Idaho........................................ 7 ,4 9 4 Illinois.................................... 9 4 3 ,6 5 3 Indiana.................................... 620,602 Iowa.......................................... 5ro,n o Kansas...................................... 316,029 Kentucky.................................. 5 4 6 ,4 5 5 Louisiana.................................. 3 oo, i 53 Maine........................................ 166,856 Maryland.................................. 279,412 Massachusetts.......................... 427,526 Michigan.................................. 464,382 Minnesota................................ 2 3 7 ,5 7 5 Mississippi................................ 386,136 Missouri.................................... 701,510 Montana.................................... 6,696 Nebraska.................................. 135,r58 Nevada...................................... 1 1 ,3 4 4 New Hampshire...................... 79,120 New Jersey.............................. 316,421 New Mexico............................ 3 5 ,6 9 5 New Y ork................................ U 3 3 7 , 9 l8 North Carolina........................ 452,164 O hio.......................................... 95 x,27 8 Oregon...................................... 50,028 Pennsylvania........................................... 1,260,386 Rhode Island ....................................... 68,144 South Carolina........................ 330,623 Tennessee ................................................. 5 i 5 ,7 oi Texas ............................................................. 5 i 8,9 25 Utah.......................................... 48,063 Vermont...................................................... 86,270 Virginia ....................................................... 4 9 0 ,5 7 4 Washington.............................................. 20,421 West Virginia ........................................ 206,398 W isconsin................................ 405,878 Wyoming.................................. 3 ,7 5 4 N atural M il it ia . M ales of V o t in g A g e . 213,192 18,144 159,606 257,229 86,004 127,590 259,884 20,398 182,977 3 2 9 ,3 9 2 93,608 177,291 4 5 , 7 88 51,603 38,298 30,361 3 5 ,4 H 4 5 ,8 7 3 5 1 ,8 0 7 61,699 2 7 5 ,8 1 5 3 2 1 ,4 3 8 11,726 6 5 L 3 IO 407,650 7 9 6 ,8 4 7 4 9 8 ,4 3 7 3 3 3 ,8 9 0 416,658 2 2 3 ,3 3 8 265,714 376,221 14,795 3 1 3 ,1 3 6 W3 , 7 3 i 00 The average age of the white * 0 H The Swedes element one-tenth of a 4 5 9 ,2 0 9 187,323 232,106 502,648 467,687 213,485 238,532 541,207 18,147 112,884 129,042 1 27,975 182,609 3 7 3 ,2 8 4 3 7 L I40 174,681 203,080 2 1 ,5 4 4 25-967 70,410 230,054 28,452 3 ° ° ,6 3 5 3 4 ,0 7 6 1 , 0 5 0 ,7 7 5 1,408,751 241,140 647,092 826,577 3 L 255 105,138 2 9 4 ,7 5 0 48,783 5 9 ,6 2 9 8 5 3 ,9 7 2 1,094,284 76,898 205,789 5 7 ,8 5 4 will be noticed hereafter. annual rainfall ranges from thirty to fifty inches. O f native whites, O f the aggregate population 50.3 per cent, were under twenty-one years of age. This, 170,922 276,895 332,120 26,480 64,r62 264,033 22,542 114,664 3 3 0 ,3 0 5 380,376 3 2 ,7 7 3 9 5 ,6 2 1 3 3 4 ,5 0 5 27,670 139,161 340,482 10,180 2 5 6 ,4 3 4 9 ,7 5 1 T h e D efective Classes.—Under this name are grouped by the census the insane, too, includes the foreign element, which greatly idiotic, blind and deaf-mutes. modifies the result. O f white natives 55.7 per obtain full and satisfactory statistics regarding lications of the tenth census present tables cent, are under that age, leaving 44.3 per cent, these classes of the population have heretofore showing the population of the country, classified of twenty-one years O f the been attended with very indifferent success, by age and sex, and by each several year of colored, 56.5 per cent, are under twenty-one, a although each succeeding census has made age. So great detail in a classification of this proportion greater than that of the native advances toward completeness. kind was whites by 0.8 per cent. each census apparently shows a much greater A g e o f the P o p u la tio n .— The census. not attempted in pub any previous and upward. Attempts to The fact that A s regards single years, the value The total number of the natural militia, proportion of the population to be in this class of the tables is much impaired through the fact that is, of males between the ages of eighteen than was indicated by its predecessor, has been that many persons, especially of the colored and forty-five, was 10,231,239, or a fraction less interpreted by alarmists as indicating that the race, did not know their ages, and when ques than 20 per cent, of the aggregate population. population tioned by the enumerators, were more apt to The total number of males of twenty-one years direction. give their ages as multiples of ten, or five, or of age or over, was 12,830,349, or 25.8 per cent, has been more nearly ascertained. as even numbers rather than odd numbers. of the aggregate population. such diseases are on the increase or decrease, Hence it is that the tables in question present a children of school age, which has been set these figures do not indicate. rather uneven appearance, rising at the tens, arbitrarily by the census as between the ages no statistics of value were obtained. The number of is rapidly deteriorating in this The fact is simply that the truth Whether Prior to 1850 The SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS. H i following table shows the absolute number of more than 44 per cent., were in hospitals or fact that dependent women are largely provided defectives in the country, as returned by the asylums. for by relatives and friends. last four censuses: idiots, or 2,429, were in training schools for numbered 44,106, and foreign paupers 22,961. the feeble-minded. The former constitute 0.10 per cent, of the 1880. 1870. i860. 1850. Insane.................. 9 I >997 3 7 ,4 3 2 24,042 15,610 Idiotic.................. 76,895 2 4 ,5 2 7 18,930 15,787 Blind.................... 48,928 20,320 12,658 9 ,7 9 4 Deaf-Mutes......... 3 3 ,8 7 8 16,205 12,821 9 ,8 o 3 Total.......... 251,698 98,484 68,451 ' 5 ° ,9 3 4 A little more than 3 per cent, of the In schools and homes for per native population, the latter 0.34 per cent, of the cent., and of the deaf-mutes there were in foreign element, showing a very large propor home tional excess of foreigners. the blind there were 2,158, or less than The distinction between insanity and idiocy is not well defined, and is to a certain extent arbitrary. schools, very great. total of each element, is, in the case of whites race: 0.14 and of colored 0.09, showing a much smaller proportion of the colored population M ale . 85,840 4 ,0 0 7 9 ,5 7 9 4 0 ,5 9 9 8 ,3 2 9 4 M 78 7,650 3 °, 5 ° 7 3,3 7 1 30,661 3 ,2 i 7 T o ta l... 1 3 5 ,0 3 2 116,666 209,645 42,053 225,095 26,603 Deaf-Mute. physically, and the number of cases upon the border line between health and disease, especially in the case of insanity, is very great. Again, there is great and very natural reluctance, for obvious reasons, to making known even to the census officials, the fact that relatives and friends are mentally or physically defective. The greater success which has attended the work of the later censuses in obtaining full statistics is due not only to a better system and more thorough canvassing, but also to the fact that a much larger proportion of these unfortunates are now placed in asylums and homes for these in alms-houses than of whites. 6 ,1 5 7 67,316 cal and mental soundness and unsoundness. or F emale. N ative . F oreign . W h ite . Colored. 26,346 Insane....... B lind........ mentally W hite paupers numbered 61,310, colored, of the defective classes, by sex, nativity and hard-and-fast line to be drawn between physi either those in day 5,757; which, reduced to percentages of the Idiotic---- sound, counting The following table shows the distribution In the first place, there is no Speaking strictly, few or none are perfectly not schools, 5,267, or nearly 16 per cent. The practical difficulties to be over come in an enumeration of these classes are The native paupers 44,408 4 7 ,5 8 9 65,651 4 5 ,3 0 9 3 *, 5 86 72,888 26,748 22,180 18,567 I 5 ,3 n T h e D e lin q u e n t C l a s s —The total number of prisoners held in confinement on June 1, 1880, was 59,255, or one in each 846 of the total population. This includes unconvicted It appears that, the sexes being nearly prisoners and such of the insane as are held in equal in number in the United States, women jails for safe-keeping, but does not include are more liable to insanity than men, owing, prisoners held for debt, or as witnesses. Neither doubtless, to their relatively weaker nervous does it include 11,340 inmates of juvenile systems and more emotional temperaments. reformatories. On the other hand, men are more subject to the other forms of disease. The native popula The following is the distribution of these prisoners under various forms of confinement: tion is much less liable to insanity than to the In penitentiaries, mostly at hard labor................................ 30,623 other defects now under consideration, and has In workhouses and houses of correction, mostly at hard a smaller proportion of the blind than of the idiotic or deaf-mute. foreigners On the other hand, are very liable to insanity, due, doubtless, to change of climate and separation labor................................................................................ 7,864 In jails, mostly in idleness...................................................... 12,815 In city prisons, calabooses, station-houses, etc..................... 1,572 At work outside of prisons...................................................... 4,883 In military prisons.................................................................... 493 Miscellaneous............................................................................ 1,005 in families. The following table shows the number in each class, at each decennial period, in every 1880. 1870. i860. 1850. Insane.................. 1,834 971 765 Idiotic.................. 636 602 Blind.................... i ,5 3 3 976 673 681 527 4°3 422 Deaf-Mutes......... 675 420 408 423 Total........ 5 ,o i 8 2 ,5 5 4 00 million of inhabitants: 2,199 from friends and wonted surroundings, while O f the total number of prisoners, 54,186 the tendency to idiocy is comparatively slight. were males and 5,069 females, showing a very O f blindness, this class has more than its due large excess of crime among males; 46,338 proportion, and of deaf-mutism slightly less were natives, or 0.11 per cent, of the native than its share. The colored element has com population, and 12,917 foreigners, or 0.19 per paratively little tendency toward insanity, its classes, instead of being privately cared for cent, of the foreign element, indicating a con due proportion of idiocy, and more than its siderable proportion of blindness. the foreign-born; 42,294 of the prisoners were disproportion of criminals among white and 16,961 were colored, or 0.10 per T h e D ep en d en t Class.—The cent, of the former as against 0.26 of the latter. of pauperism of the Tenth Census are, as Much the greater portion of the commitments regards inmates of almshouses, very complete. of the latter class were, however, for minor It must be confessed that it is somewhat O f that class who are aided by the public purse, misdemeanors. startling to note that one in every two hundred outside of almshouses, however, the statistics of our population is so defective as to be are confessedly so incomplete as to be of no censuses, enumerated value whatever, not a tithe of this class, prob astonishing progress in this country. ably, having been enumerated. the number of prisoners returned was 13,474; JO M statistics in one or the other of these classes. According to crime the returns of previous has apparently made most In 1850 W hile there was a slight decrease in the The total number of paupers enumerated in in i860, 38,172, an increase of nearly 200 per total between 1850 and i860, there was on the almshouses in 1880 was 67,067, or one in 748 cent.; in 1870, 32,901, an apparent falling off; other hand, from i860 to 1870, an increase of the population. and in 1880, 59,255, an apparent increase of relative to the population of more than 17 per when compared with similar statistics in other 80 per cent. cent., and from 1870 to 1880 the proportion was countries. earlier censuses were so incomplete, however, apparently nearly doubled. This is a small proportion, The criminal statistics of the This enormous O f this number, 35,952 were males, and increase is accounted for in large part by the 31,115 females, showing, as the sexes are nearly question, whether crime is on the increase or greater accuracy of the last census. equal in number in the country, a considerable decrease, as compared with population, must, excess of male paupers, due, doubtless, to the therefore, for the present remain unanswered. O f the total number of insane 40,942, or as to be utterly untrustworthy. The important P l a te 2 2 P late 2 2 TO TA L ■B P O P U LA TIO N AVERAGE DENSITY B Y C O U N TIE S. :;:,]Fr.BER.THO'aD M \ s > .,402 9 . , ; BO ISE FORTE; i 797 6 I (Based on tlie Returns of the Tenth Census.) (Tv e r > IBAGOSHISH 1880 ONTONAGON^ lE O .. CLIFF P O IN T E ', J 36 3 ^§ |f§ § T R A V E R SE L /f: CROW) C R E E K I iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiilL CL‘ve f— n e b r i. « Q cf‘ io O * ° Total Population, per Square Mile, Rank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 87 36 35 84 33 82 81 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Wyo.. Mont. . A riz. . Ida. .. N e v ... D a k ... N .M ex Wash.U tah.. O re g .. Colo. . Fla. . . Cal. .. N eb r.. T e x ... M inn.. Kans.A rk ... L a ___ M e .... W is ... Miss. . Ala. .. W .V a. G a---M ich.. N .C ... Io w a . M o .... S.C. .. v t . ... Term.Y a .... N .H ... Per Sq. .. i Mile. 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.0 i .i 1.7 1.8 1.9 5.0 5.5 5.9 6.1 9.8 12.2 15.1 20 UNORGANI E Te r r , i m IN D E X w fiPPA Wne ttM Qc— / n fa < ■ ■ ■ I m JM G -N O 8m ACOMA! From 2 to 5 per Square Mile. If K ® (RINGS M B IK W MtfW mv : m m m a a IR Sc„ 0 l o — 1 ,8 0 0 - Ind. .. Del. .. O h io .. Md. .. P a .... N .Y ... Conn.N .J .. . M ass.. R .I— D .C . .. 2,960.4 Over 120 because of its sm all a re a, th e color line is om itted. Indian Reservations. Unsettled Parts. Rank 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 87 30 35 M ‘ 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 20 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 10 15 14 13 12 ii 10 9 8 (Dnder aper sq. m . l . State. W yo... Ida. .. Mont. . A riz. . N e v ... Wash.N. Mex D a k ... U tah.. Del. .. O re g .. D .C ... C o lo .. Fla. . . R .I___ V t.. .. N .H ... N eb r.. W .V a. Conn.M e .... M inn.. A rk ... Cal. .. M d .... L a.. .. S.C. .. K ans.N .J. .. Miss. . Ala. .. W is ... N .C ... V a .. .. G a .. . . T en n .. T e x ... Io w a . M ich.. K y .... 7 M ass.. 6 Ind. .. 5 M o .... 4 m ...... 8 O hio.. 2 P a . . .. 1 N .Y ... Rank 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Class. Number. C hinese............ C o lo re d ........... F o re ig n ........... F e m a le s ......... M a le s .............. N ative, w hiteW hite............... N a tiv e ........ . . . T o ta l................ 105,465 6,580,793 6,679,943 24,636,963 25,518,820 86,843,291 43,402 970 43,475,840 50,155,783 BY STATES, 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 S2 2 n .u e x . IN D E X . A la . -17 K y ,... 8 N .C ...15 Ariz. .44 L a ... .22 O hio.. 3 Ark. .25 Me---- 27 Oreg. .37 Cal. . .24 Md. ..23 P a ... . 2 Colo. .35 M ass.. 7jR.I— 33 Conn. -28 M ich.. 9 S.C. ..21 Dak. .40 M inn.-26 Tenn.-12 Del. . .38 Miss. .18 T e x ... 11 D.C. .36 M o .... 5 U tah.. S9 Fla. . M ont.. 45 V t... .32 Ga. N ebr. -30 Y a— 14 Ida. _ Nev. ..43 Wash.-42 N .H ...31 W .Va.29 N .J ..19 W is...l6 Io w a N.Mex. 41 Wyo. .47 Kans. -20IN.Y... 1 Centre of Population. 2 0,00 ,20 0 2,300,000 2,400,000 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS. E X P L A N A T O R Y .—T he m o re Im p o rta n t s ettlem e n ts in th e U n se ttled P a rts , a re in d ic a te d by sm all o p en spaces, m a rk e d b y b o rd e r lines in color. As a ru le , settle m e n ts o f less th a n seventy-five p erso n s a re n o t in d ic a ted . T he irreg u la r o p en sp aces o fte n in clu d e tw o o r m o re neig h b o rin g s e t tlem ents. T he lo catio n o f In d ian R eserv atio n s, th e n am es o f trib es an d th e ir n u m e ric a l stre n g th , a re ta k e n fro m th e m ap accom panying th e R e p o rt on In d ia n A ffairs fo r 1880. T he n o rth e a s t c o rn e r o f tn e In d ia n T e rrito ry w a s o ccu p ied b y seven sm all trib e s, w h o se n u m e ric a l s tre n g th w a s b u t 911. No c en su s w as ta k e n o f In d ian s in th e T e rrito ry , b u t th e ir n u m b e r h a s b een e stim ate d a t 70,000. P la te 2 3 P la te 2 3 RETROSPECT. (Ratio o f Males to Total Population.) ------------------- SC A LE: Census. Per Cent. 51.04 51.16 50.56 50.88 f C° LvlLi wM mw, WMb ,. d ■ SEXES, WM$¥A n B Y C O U N TIE S. (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) ■ .'berthoi!d t 8 1»,f02 9 ; :I BOISE FORTE 1 9 6; :; , ,7 7 LAKE WHITE] EARTH 1880 tW N iN E LBAGOSHIbH 2,112 . 2,5&oj F O N D d .L A C p - / OT NC N O A gj| . I ;: aoJTP W r I - % 1 1 $&: l |i 5 ■ f e j- 31 SfP L yf I A ■ ac cou T AE S* RVRE T ff liTfiT j rAR IL Ti EJ w> \\i| c n S ' C O ]C E K R w RE H»Hin 9 I Denver Ratio of the Predominant Sex to Total Population, by States, 1880. —^ S C Rank State. A Per Cent. L Females. Males. 47 Me. . 46 P a ___ : 50.1 50.1 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 E 50.1 50.1 L a .... Yt O h io .. N ,T K y .... Del. .. M d .... Fla. .. Va. N .Y ... S.C. . . W .V a. N.C. N.II. :EM iNu( pIC f A 50.2 50.5 UNORGANISED Te r r ; p i s 50.5 50.5 50.5 50.5 50.6 50.61 50.7 50.7 50.7 50.7 50.9 50.9 50.9 111. W is... ....... M ich.. D .C ... 52.9 50.9 1 Cal. .. Wash.- W yo... N.MEX. Between 50# and 50^$ of entire pop. 51.1! 51.5' 51.7 51.8 ’P iN S R G 51.9 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 21 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Wyo. . Ida. .. Mont. _ A riz. . N ev... Wash.N. Mex D a k ... U tah.. Del. . . O re g .. D .C ... C o lo .. Fla. -R .I_ _ Vt. . . . N .H ... N eb r.. W .Va. Conn.M e .... M inn.. A r k ... Cal. .. M d .. . La. . . . S .C .. . K ans.. N .J ... Miss. . Ala. . . VVis.. . N .C .. . [V a .... G a___ T enn.T e x ... Io w a .. M ich.. K y .... M ass.. Ind. . . M o .... Ill___ O h io .. P a .... N .Y ... Females. Males. 6,637 10,792 10,982 12,238 20,247 29,143 55,069 52,881 69,454 72,500 71,387 94,046 65,196 133,049 143,501 165,399 176,465 203,161 303,962 316,918 324,878 361,624 386,246 346,518 472,756 471,192 505,169 459,429 571,194 564,420 639,876 635,428 711,842 768,970 779,199 773,082 753,909 776,479 774,582 816,100 924,645 967,940 1,(Ml,193 1,491,348 1,584,126 2,146,236 2,577,549 14,152 21,818 28,177 28,202 42,019 45,973 64,496 82,296 74,509 74,108 103,381 83,578 129,131 136,444 133,030 166,887 170,526 249,241 314,495 305,782 324,058 419,149 416,279 518,170 462,187 468,754 490,408 536,667 559,922 567,177 622,629 680,069 687,908 745,589 762,981 769,277 837,840 848,136 862,355 832,590 858,440 1,010,361 1,127,187 1,586,523 1,613,936 2,136,655 2,505,322 ppm 1 ? |Mas ^ l !B0 p „ ■ « INDEX, 52.0 52.2 52.6 52.7 Ala. -.34 M o ... .19 A riz. 2 Mont. 1 A rk.. .21 N ebr. .11 Cal. . 9 N ev.. 4 Colo. 6 N .H .. .28 Conn.-27'N.J. . .40 D ak. . 3 N .M exl2 Del. . .37 N .Y .. .32 D .C .. .15|N .C .. .29 Fla. . .35 Ohio. .41 G a ... .38 Oreg. .10 Ida. . 5 P a . . . .46 i n . . . .25 R .I .. .20 Ind. . .26 S.C. . .31 Iow a .18; Tenn. .44 K ans -13! T e x .. .17 K y -- .39 Utah. .23 I . a . .. .43 V t . . . .42 M e... .47 Va .. .33 M d .. .36 Wash - 7 Mass. .22 W .Va.30 Mich. .16 W is.. .24 Minn -14 Wyo. . 3 Miss. .45 Distribution of Sexes, by States, 1880. Rank State. KEY Males Females I subta 53.7 53.9 53.9 55.1 59 2 59.91 60.9 61.2 66.5 66.9 67.5 68.1 69.71 72 0 K ans.N .M f.x '/P £ 0 P C8 6O'NO DMG ■ g t-P .pueblo -L50.ev_ 51.9 R .I___ 51.9 M o .... ............ W Q ESU U fpi'U Fe |U | . . EN Z ^ TVS J» CO ,i papag o / . 6,000 .:. INDEX, SCALE 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 000,000 700,000 800,000 900,000 1 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 , 1, 100,000 Over 57# Ala. . .17 M o .. . 5 A riz. .44 M ont..45 A rk .. 25 N eb r.. SO C l . . 24 Nev. ..43 ’a Colo. .85 N .II... 31 Conn. -28 N .J . ..19 D ak. _ 40 IV. Mex41 Del. . 38 N .Y ... 1 D.U.. 36 N.C. ..15 Fla. . 34 Ohio. . 3 G a ... 13 Oreg. .37 Ida. . 46 P a . . . . 2 111. . . 4 R.I. . .33 Ind. . 6 S.C. ..21 Iow a. -10 Teim.-12 Kans. .20 T e x .--11 K y ... 8 U tah.. 39 L a .. . .22 V t... .32 M e... .27 V a_ 14 _ M d .. .23 Wash.-A'l Mass. 7iW.Va.29 Mich. 9 Wis. ..16 Minn. -26 Wyo. .47 Miss. .18 Indian Reservations. BY STATES, 1880. , kans. 1 200,000 1,300,000 \ 1,400,000 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 1, 000,000 1700,000 1,800,000 1 900,000 2 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2, 100,000 !,200 0,00 2 300,000 2,4(0,000 2 ,5 0 0 , 0 0 0 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. if * T£NN- Unsettled Parte. P late 2 4 P O P U L A T IO N SCALE: 1* Census. Per Cent. 1850 1860 1870 1880 iid L 15.69 14.13 12.66 18.18 vr: c«Ul lU/Vg' T * 2 __ i---------------------i'1 i i •T ; V i . — 1- <VA?’ •— J ----- / Ratio of Colored Population to Total Population, by States, 1880. Rank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Utati. . Id a .-.. N .H ... M inn.. W is ... M e .... O reg.. Dale. .. V t___ A riz. . Wash.N e b r.. Io w a . Cal. .. N e v ... If. Mex M ont. . M ich.. M ass.. C o lo .. N .Y ... Wyo. . i n ....... C onn.Ind. . . P a .. .. R .I— O h io .. N . J . .. W .V a. K a n s.. M b .... K y .... Del. . . Md. .. [T ex... T enn.A rk ... D .C ... N .C ... V a .. . . Fla. .. G a— A la ... L a.. . . Miss. . S.C. .. Per Cent. !*oapa, I »0o "O- in d e x ; .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .4 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .8 .9 .9 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.5 3.4 « Ala. .. 4 Mo. . .16 A riz. .38 Mont. .81 A rk. ..1 0 Is e b r..36 C a l.. 34N ev...33 Colo. .28 N .II...4 5 Conn. .24 N .J. ..19 Dak. ..40 N.Mex'62 Del. ..14 N .Y ... 27 D .C .. . 9 N .C .. . 8 Fla. . . 6 O h io ..20 Ga . . . 5 Oreg. .41 Ida. ..46 Pa. ...2 2 111....... 25 R .I....2 1 Ind. ..23S .C . .. 1 Io w a .85 T en n .. 11 K a n s ..l7 T e x . ..12 K y-----15 U ta h .A I La. . . . 3 V t. ...3 9 M e ....42 V a .. . . 7 M d___13 M ass.. 29 W .Va. 18 Mich. .30 Wis. ..43 Minn. .44 IVyo. .26 Miss. . 2. \ Y ■ ./■ ? pueblo „ 'SL£,TA n . mex . WA 7 < .-3 w ,G,L R £| A »V -1^?,000 --------:rj ESCa le r o A. ACHE p 200 6 < 8 * 10 1% * 2 :!: 7 I pA G PA 0 I 6,000 14% 22 5 24.7 26.1 26.3 33.6 38.0 41.8 47.0 47.0 47.5 51.5 57.5 60.7 ------- • ! - 5 0 127, * 52* 54* Colored Population. 53 155 232 298 325 346 401 487 488 685 1,015 1,057 1,451 1,564 2,385 2.435 2,702 6,018 6,488 9,516 11,547 15,100 18,697 25,886 26,442 38,853 39,228 43,107 46,368 59,596 65,104 79,900 85,5.35 126,690 145,350 210.230 210,666 271,451 393,384 403,151 483,655 531,277 600,103 604 332 631,616 650,291 725,133 56* 19i 2 68* 60 * v: V IN D E X . SCALE: A la. . . 5 M o ....13 A riz. .46 Mont. .42 A rk ... 11 N eb r.. 33 Cal. ..30 N ev...39 Colo. .32 N .H ...38 C o n n ..27 N .J. ..22 D a k ... 41 N.MexWt Del. ..23 N .Y ...17 D.C. ..18 N .C ... 6 Fla. ..14 O hio..16 G a___ 1 Oreg. .40 Ida. ..47 P a ___ 15 111....... 19 R .I— 29 In d . ..21 S.C. . . 4 Io w a .28 Tenn._ 8 K ans..20 T p t K y— 10 Utah. Ah L a . . . . 7 V t. ...3 6 Me. ...3 5 V a .. . . 3 Md___12 Wash.-4^ M ass..25 W .Va. 24 M ich ..26 W is ...31 M inn..34 Wyo. .44 Miss. . 2, 100,000 C olored Persons. Ida. .. A riz. . U tah.. Wyo. . Wash.Mont. . D a k... Oreg. . N e v ... N .II... N .M ex V t. . . . M e .... M inn.. N ebr. Colo. . W is ... Cal. It.I— Io w a . Conn.M ich.. M ass.. W .Va. Del. .. N .J. .. In d . .. K an s.. 111. . D .C ... N .Y ... O h io .. Pa. . . . Fla. .. M o .... M d .... A r k ... K y .... [T e x ... T e n n .. La. . . . N.C. .. Ala. .. S.C. .. V a .. .. Miss. . G a .. . . i 54 26* (Of A fric a n d e sc e n t only.) 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 3) 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 .-T :: — r.v ; i:- 20% Colored Population, by States, 1880. Rank State. - . 200,000 300,000 400,000 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 GO O ,000 700,000 Chinese and North American Indians. Number of Colored Persons to 1,000 Whites. (Given in n e a re s t w hole num bers.) Rank 4 38 10 34 28 24 40 14 9 6 5 46 26 23 35 17 15 3 42 13 29 31 43 2 State. Number. Rank State. Number. Ala. .. 906 4 A riz. . A rk ... 356 Cal. 8 Colo. 13 Conn.19 D ak... 3 Del. .. 220 D .C ... 505 Fla. .. 888 G a___ 888 Ida. .. 2 Ill....... 15 Ind. .. 20 Io w a . 6 Ivans.45 K y .... 197 L a___ 1,063 M e .... 2 M d .. . 290 M ass.. 11 M ich.. 9 o M inn.. Miss. . 1,356 16 30 36 32 45 19 33 27 8 20 41 22 21 1 11 12 47 39 7 87 18 44 25 M o .... M ont.. N eb r.. N e v ... N .H ... N .J. .. N .M ex N .Y ... N .C ... O h io .. O reg .. P a .... R .I. .. S.C. .. [Tenn.T e x ... U tah.. V t . . .. V a .... Wanh.W .V a. W is... Wvo. . U.N.... 72 10 5 9 2 36 9 13 613 26 3 20 24 1,545 354 329 2 3 717 5 44 2 15 152 (T otal n u m b e r of each class in each S tate.) State. Ala. .. A riz. . A rk ... Cal. . . Colo. . Conn.D a k ... Del. .. DC. Fla. .. G a .. .. Ida. .. Ill....... Ind. .. Io w a . K ans.. K y .... M e .... Md. .. M ass.. M ich.. M inn.. Miss. . Chinese. Indians.* 4 1,630 133 75,132 612 123 238 1 13 18 17 3,379 209 29 33 19 10 489 8 5 229 27 24 51 213 3,493 195 16,277 154 255 1,391 5 5 180 124 165 140 246 466 815 50 848 625 • 15 369 7,249 2,300 1,857 State. M o .... M ont. . N eb r.. N e v ... N .II... N .J. .. N .M ex N .Y ... N .C ... O h io .. O re g .. P a .. .. R .I— S.C. .. Tenn.T e x ... Utah . v t ___ V a .... Wash.W. Va. W is... Wyo. . Chinese. 91 1,765 18 5,416 14 170 57 909 Indians. 109 9,510 148 27 9 25 136 501 113 1,663 235 2,803 63 74 9,772 819 1,230 130 1,694 184 77 131 352 992 807 6 3,186 5 1(1 914 105,465 85 4,405 20 3.161 140 66.407 * Indians taxed . Those in trib es u nd er the care o f th e G overnm ent are n ot included. A ________ t --------------iCOPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CH 1 P la te 2 4 P la t e 2 5 P la te 2 5 POPULATION" RETROSPECT. (Ratio o f Foreign Born to Total Population.) SC A LE: Censu*.; Per Cent. 1850 1860 1870 iaso 1* » 31 4t 9.68 13.13 %) m y ' "i 1 y ~ \ , $ t~- I 7 I Ratio of Foreign-Born to Total Population, by States, 1880. Rank State. f Per [Cent. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 20 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 N .C ... G a---Ala. .. S.C. .. Miss. . V a .. . . T enn.A rk ... W .Va. Ivy . . . Fla. .. La. . . . Del. .. N .M ex T e x ,.. Ind. .. M d .. . M e .... D .C ... M o .... K an s.. V t. . . . O h io .. N .H ... Pa. . .. Io w a . O re g .. Ill___ N .J. .. Colo. . Conn.Wash.N eb r.. M ich.. N. Y ... M ass.. R .I— Wyo. . M ont.. Utah.. Ida. .. W is... V al. . . Minn.Dak. .. A riz. . N e v ... | scale: 2 * .3 .7 .8 .8 .8 1.0 1.1 1.3 3.0 3.0 4% 6t /■ 3i I r ;J - ~ ---------- ------------- j ____ ___ ______ 92 | 93 94 ./ i v .; 9.1 9.6 9.8 11.1 12.3 12.3 13.3 13.7 16.1 17.5 19.0 19.6 20.5 20.9 21.0 21.5 23.7 23.8 24.9 26.8 28.1 29.4 30. G 30.6 30.8 y 33.9 f 34.3 ’ 38.3 A m i:! s f 11 ACOMA istEra A riz. . A rk .. A la ... C a l.. . Conn.-: C o lo ..: D ak... D .C ..A Del. .A Fla. .A G a___ < Ida. .. Ill___ i Iow a Ind. .A Kalis. A K y ....{ La. ..A Minn.. Mont.. Mass. .1 Mich.,1 Mo---- £ Me.. 1 « S3 1 13 — '.A . . N e v ... 1 N .Y ...13 N e b r..l5 N .J. ..19 N: II. .24 N .M ex 34 N .C ...4 7 O re g .. 21 O h io .. 25 P a .. ..2 3 R. S. C. . .44 T e x ... 33 T e n n ..4 l U tah.. 8 V t. ...2 0 V a___42 W is ... 6 Wyo. .10 Wash.A 6 95 UNORGANIZED 2 |'2 : : 1 2 fSCALERO--. A pA CH £ U — 1,200-—__ | 26 i u ii® 26* 21 I: 85 papago / 6,000 . I . . .11 3 0 * ‘ G I 77 ! 178 : 7'j 3% 2 31% 3G% as% 4 0 % vT V Total Foreign-Born Population, by States, 1880 X Foreign-Born Population, by Nativities, 1880. r SCALE: Rank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 85 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 N.C. .. Wyo. . S.C. .. N .M ex Miss. . Del. .. Ala. .. Fla. . . Ida. .. A r k .. . G a .. . . M o n t.. V a .. .. Wash.A riz. . T e n n .. D .C ... W .Va. N e v ... O re g .. Colo V t. . . . U tah.. N .H ... D a k ... M e .... K y .._ . it. r — M d .... N eb r.. K an s.. T e x ... C onn.. Ind. .. M o___ N .J. .. Io w a. M inn.. C a l.. . M ich .. O h io .. W is ... M ass.. Ill___ Pa. . . . N .Y ... Foreign Population. 3,742 5,850 7,686 8,051 9,709 9,468 9,734 9,909 9,974 10.350 10,564 11,521 14,696 15,803 16,049 16,702 17,122 18,265 25,653 30,503 39,790 40,959 43,994 46,294 51,795 54,146 58,883 59,517 73,993 82,806 97,414 110,086 114,616 129,992 144,178 211,578 221,700 261,650 267,676 292,874 388.508 394,943 405,425 443,491 583,576 587,829 1,211,379 , Rank — m . INDEX. 1 100 ,000 F o reig n -b o m Ala. . .41 M o... .12 A riz. .33 Mont. .36 A rk .. .38 Nebr. -17 C a l.. . 8 N ev.. .29 Colo. .27 N .H .. .24 Conn. .14 N .J. . .11 D a k.. .23 N .M ex 44 Del. . .42 N .Y .. 1 D C .. .31 N .C .. .47 Fla. . .40 Ohio. 6 G a .. . .37 Oreg. .23 Ida. . .39 P a ... 2 111.. . . 3 R .I... .19 Ind. . .13 S.C. . .45 Io w a .10 iTenn. -32 Kans. -16 T e x .. 15 K y .-- .20 Utah. .25 L a ... .22 V t.. . 26 M e... .21 V a ... .35 M d .. .18 Wash -34 Mass. 4 W.Va 30 Mich. 7 W is.. 5 Minn. 9 Wyo. .40 Miss. .43 200,000 A B C Born in Number. Gt. B ritain a n d Irelan d . T o ta l 2,772,169 1,854,571 662,676 170,136 S c o tla n d ................................... D W ales_____________________ as,302 2 |G erm an E m pire. T o ta l............ 1,966,742 634,380 E P ru ssia (not specified)............ 624,200 F| G erm any (not specified)........ 171,699 G B av a ria ........................................ I .J K L M ecklenburg ............................. B ritish A m e ric a ........................... C an ad a ....................................... O N ova S c o tia ............................... M 3 N 2,800,000 2,700,000 2,600,000 2 ^ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 2,400,000 2^300,000 127,885 108,223 102,594 72,490 48,708 45,959 717,157 610,090 51,160 4 106,971 104,468 88,621 85,361 68,399 64.196 58,090 48,557 44,230 38,663 35,722 15,535 12,a36 11,526 1,900,000 1^800,000 1,700,000 1, 000,000 194,337 6 2 0,00 ,200 2 0 ,0 0 *0 0 0 2, 100,000 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 C hina............................................... S w itz e rla n d ................................... 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 1,400,000 i , 300,000 l',200 0,00 1, 100,000 1,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 900,000 800,000 700,000 600,000 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 400,000 300,000 200,000 -4M L IN D E X . Rank 100,000 F oreign-bom 000 400,000 I 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 1,0 0 0 0 ,0 0 N o te .—C o untries w ith less th a n 10,000 n a tiv e s residing in th e U n ite d S ta te s, a re a s follow s : (B. A.—B ritish A m erica. G. E.—G erm an Em pire.) A frica (n o t specified), 2.204—A sia (n o t specified), 1,054—A tla n tic Islands, 7,512—A ustralia, 4,906—B ritish A m erica (not specified), 1,793—B runsw ick (G. E.), 4,024—C en tra l A m erica, 707—Cuba, 6,917—E urope (n o t specified), 3,314—G ib ra lta r, 167—G re a t B ritain (n o t specified), 1,484—G reece, 776— G reen lan d , 120—H am b u rg (G. E.), 8,854—In d ia, 1,707—.Japan, 401—Lubeck (G. E.), 204—M alta, 305— N assau (G. E.), 6,253—N e w fo u n d la n d (B. A.), 4,789—O ldenburg (G. E.), 9,924—Pacific Islands, 806— P ortugal. 8,138—P rin ce E dw ard Isla n d (B. A .), 7,537—Sandw ich Islands, 1,147—S outh A m erica, 5,566— Spain, 5,121—T u rk ey , 1,205—W eim ar (G. E.), 685—W est Indies, 9,484—A t Sea, 4,068. . 117 89 COPYRIGHT; 1883, BY CHARL-S SCRIBNER'S SONS. 0 87 8 State. 45 2 40 5 18 17 3 35 29 37 46 7 20 32 22 27 38 36 30 31 12 14 4 43 A u stria p ro p e r.............15 Irela n d ............................. A B ad e n ..............................II I ta ly .................................. 14 B av a ria ............... L uxem burg 18 B e lg iu m .............. M ecklenburg..................M B o h e m ia ............. M exico..............................io B ritish A m erica N ew B ru n s w ic k ............ P C an a d a ................ N o rw a y ..............................5 C hina.................... N ova S c o tia .................... O D e n m ark ............ P o la n d ..............................13 E n g la n d ............................ B P ru ssia (n o t specified) .E F ra n c e ................................6 R u ssia ...............................16 G erm an E m pire S a x o n y .............................. L G erm any (n o t specified)F S c o tla n d ...........................C G t. B rita in an d Ire la n d 1 S w ed en ..............................4 H a n o v er............................J S w itz e rla n d ..................... 8 H essen.............................. K W ales................................ D H o lla n d ............................ 12 W u rte m b u rg ................. I H u n g a ry .........................19 All o th e r c o u n trie s___ 20 A la. .. A riz. . A rk ... C a l.. . Colo. . Conn.D a k... Del. . . D .C ... Fla. .. G a___ Id a . .. Ill___ Ind. .. Io w a . K ans.Iv y .... L a .. . . M e .... M d .. . M ass.. M ich.. M inn.. Miss. . Number. Rank State. 8 658 13 512 257 264 621 69 107 38 7 441 234 79 192 124 37 61 100 97 331 311 522 8 28 9 15 1 24 19 34 13 47 25 21 23 11 44 41 33 8 26 42 16 39 6 10 M o .... M o n t.. N e b r.. N e v ... N .H ... N .J. .. N .M ex N .Y ... N .C ... O h io .. O re g .. P a .... R .I---S .C .. . T e n n .T e x ... U tah.. V t. . . . V a .. .. Wash.W .V a. [W is... Wyo. . r .'s . .. Number. 108 417 274 701 154 244 72 313 3 141 211 159 365 8 11 78 440 141 10 266 30 445 892 154 P la te 2 6 G ER M A N S Total Born in the German Empire, 1,966,742. RATI O TO TO TAL P O P U L A T IO N (Bused on th e R etu rn s o f th e T enth Census.) f?°ni!u.a ...........11 A 1 f fo k ly n Ratio of Germans to Total Population. Rank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 N .C ... Vt. . . . M e .... G a .. . . Miss. . N .H ... V a .. . . Ala. .. T e n n .. S.C. .. Fla. .. A rk ... N. Mex U tah.. R .I— Del. .. M ass.. W. Va. Ky----La. . . . T e x .. . Id a . .. C onn.. A riz. . K an s.. D .C :.. O re g .. Wash.N ev .. . Colo. . Wyo. . Pa. . . . Ind. .. M o n t.. D ak... Md. . . Cal. .. M o .... M ich.. Iow a.N .J. .. O hio.. N eb r.. N .Y ... Ill___ M inn.. W is... Per Number. Cent. 950 396 688 2,956 2,556 789 3,759 3,238 3,983 2.846 978 3,620 729 885 1,966 1,179 16,872 7,029 30,413 17,475 35,347 750 15,627 1,110 28,034 5,055 5,034 2,198 2.213 7,012 801 168,426 80,756 1,705 5,925 45,481 42,532 106,800 89,085 88,268 04,935 192,597 31,125 355,913 235,786 66,592 184,328 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .4 .5 .6 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.1 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.7 «.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.6 3.6 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.4 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.9 7.0 7.7 8.5 14.0 sc a le : A TinKlo“ J* o f T o tal P o p u latio n . N on e reported U nder .2 # o f tota l Pop. .2 # and und er .5 # o f tota l P. 'G a l v e s t o n IN D E X , 1 0 # a nd over, IO£ 29IN.C. ..47 Ala. . .40 Ky. A riz. .24 La. 28i()hio.- 6 A rk .. .36 Me. 45 O reg. .21 Md— 12 Pa....... 16 Cal. . .11 Md. Colo. .18 Mat M ass..31 R . M ich.. 9 S. C. ..3 8 Conn. .25 Mic D a k.. .13 Min M inn.. 2 Tenn.,39 Miss. Del. . .32 Mis; .43 T e x ... 27 D .C .. 22 Mo. .... 10 U tah.. 34 Mo Mon F la. . 37 Mont. .14 Vt. ...4 6 N e b r.. 5 V a .. ..41 G a___ Ida. _ N e v ...l9 Wash.-20 111. . . . N .H ...42 W .Va. 30 Ind. .. N .J. . . 7 W is.. . 1 Iow a. N .M ex 35 Wyo. .17 Kans. 23 N.Y. IR IS H Total Born in Ireland 1,854,571. U nsettled p arts I --------------- 33 RATI O TO TO TAL P O P U L A T IO N Based o n th e R eturns o f th e Tenth Census.) ■ /' • Portland Ratio of Irish to Total Population Rank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 N .C ... kla. .. Ala. . Miss. . G a.. .. S.C. .. A rk ... V a— T e n n .. T e x ... N .M ex TJtah.. W. Va. Ky . Ind. .. La. — K ans.. M e .... O reg .. N eb r.. M o .... Md___ O h io .. Iow a . Wash. Ida. .. D a k. .. W is... A riz. M inn.. V t___ N .II... IU....... Del. .. Colo. . D C .. . Wyo. . Pa. .. M ont.. Cal. N .J. .. N e v ... N .Y ... Conn.Mass.. R .I— Number. 611 652 2,966 2,753 4,148 2,626 2,432 4,835 5,975 8,103 795 I, 321 6,459 18,256 25,741 13,807 14,993 13,421 3,659 10,133 48,898 21,865 78,927 43,413 44,061 2,243 981 4,104 41,907 1,296 25,942 II, 13,052 117,343 5,791 8,263 7,840 1,093 236,505 2,408 62,962 93,079 5,191 499,445 70,638 226,700 35.281 SC A L E : Per Cent. P o p u la tio n !^ .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .5 .7 p ,,1 } \ Mont£Oim.‘i y KEY fa Sa' J \ ir e W ' ' r None r e p o r te d .......................... . U nder .2%, o f tota l P o p ,.... .2 # and und er . 5 # o f tota l P 1.5# 3 # Tkftveston -<— CCC INDEX, Ala. ..45iK y---- 34 N.C. -.47 A riz. .18 La. ...3 2 |O h lo ..2 5 r k ...41 A rk ... 41 Me— 30 jOreg. .29 Cal. . . 7 Md— 26 Pa. . . . 9 Colo. .12 M ass.. 2 R .I---- 1 Conn.. C onn.. 3 M idi. .24 S.C. ..42 D a k ... 20 M inn.. 17 Tenn..39 Del. ..13 Miss. .44 Tex. ..38 D C . . . 11 M o.. ..27 Utah.. 36 Fla. ..46 Mont. . 8 V t. ...1 6 G a---- 43 N e b r.. 28 Va. ...4 0 Id a . ..21 N e v ... 5 Wash.-22 111....... 14 N .1L..15 W .Va. 35 Ind. ..33 N .J. . . 6 W is.. .19 17 Iow a. .23 N.M ex,■ Wyo. .10 K a n s..31 N.Y. 657 8.2 8.3 9.8 11.2 12.7 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. 6. .. io y jj V 10#°and over, wa ' . U n settled p a r ts. POPU LATIO IT P la te 2 7 ENGLISH AND WELSH Total Bom in England and Wales, 745,978. RATI O TO TO TAL P O P U L A T IO N (Based o n t h e R eturns o f th e T enth Census.) Portland 111 liififi iijgi? :,;• 7■ 1 Ratio of English and Welsh to Total Population. Rank Suite. Number. Per Cent. 47 N .C ... 4(5 s .c . .. 45 Ala. .. 44 ,Ga. . .. 43 Miss. . 42 Term .. 41 A rk ... 40 V a .. .. 30 K y . . . . 38 La. . . . 37 N. Mex 3(5 Fla. .. 35 W. Va. 34 T e x ... 33 Ind. .. 32 M e .... 31 Md_ _ 30 M o .... 750 (580 1,004 1,19(5 1,059 2,258 1,275 2,91(5 4,494 2,(553 367' 889 2,420 6,749 12,020 3,999 6,155 17,564 2,767 1,704 1,484 3,518 9,598 25,550 16,260 55,318 3,061 2,516 765 60,012 8,831 30,268 123,585 1,846 15,860 109,549 44,032 48,130 32,148 26,577 1,495 12,067 10,009 1,234 2,235 4,461 22,044 .1 2'.) V t. . . . 28 27 2(5 25 D.C. Del. .. N .H .,. Minn.. Io w a.. K ans.. O hio.. O re g .. D ak. .. AH z. . Ill___ N eb r.. W is... N .Y ... Wash.3onn.. Pa. . . . M ich.. M ass.. N .J. .. Cal. .. Mont. . R.I___ Colo. . Wyo. . Ida. .. N e v ... U tah.. 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 1(5 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 J i% o f T o tal P o pulation. .1 .1 .1 .1 N on e reported J2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 U nder .2% o f total Pop. ,2V and und er of tota l P . IN D EX, .4 .6 .6 .7 .8 .8 ro lv e s to n 10®£ and over, [Unsettled parts. BRITISH-AMERICANS Total Born In British America, 717,157. RATI O TO TOTAL P O P U L A T IO N . P rtln m l Ratio of British Americans to Total Population. Rank State. 47 S.C. .. 46 Ala. .. 45 G a .. . . 44 Miss. . 43 N .C ... 42 Tenn.. 41 V a .. .. 40 W. Va. 39 K y . . . 38 La. . .. 37 A rk ... 3(5 Md. .. 35 T e x ... 34 iFla. .. 33 Del. .. 32 N. Mex 31 D .C ... 30 Ind. .. 29 P a . . . . 28 N .J. -. 27 M o .... 26 O hio.. 25 Utah.. 24 Ill....... 23 Kans.. 22 Io w a . 21 A riz. . 20 N .Y ... 19 O re g .. 18 Ida. .. 17 N ebr.. 16 Cal. .. 15 W is... 14 Wyo. . 13 Conn.12 Colo. . 11 Minn.. 10 Wash.9 N ev... 8 M e.... 7 Mont.. 6 R .I— 5 M ass.. 4 V t. . . . 3 N.IL — 2 D ak. .. 1 M ich.. Per Number. Cent. 141 271 348 Ratios 309 under 425 iven. 545 R 585 295 .1 1.070 .1 726 .1 787 .1 988 2,472 .2 4,44(5 .2 246 .2 280 .3 452 .3 5,569 .3 12,376 .3 3,536 .4 8,685 .5 16,146 .7 1,036 1.1 34,043 12,536 21,097 571 84,182 3.019 584 8,622 18,889 28,965 542 16,444 5,785 29,631 2,857 3,147 37,114 2,481 18,306 119,302 24,620 27,142 10,678 148,866 ,ingW “ 1%o f T o tal P o pulation. N on e reported U nder .2 ^ o f tota l Pop. ,2?i and und er .5®^ of to ta l P . IN D EX, 1.6V ia lv e s to n .V. 10 V and over, ‘ 'U nsettled p arts. COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. POPU LATIOIT P la te 2 8 SWEDES, Total Born in Norway and Sweden; 376,066. TO TO TAL P O P U L A T IO N (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) Pitland Ratio of Norwegians and Swedes to Total Population. Rank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 13 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Per Number. Cent. 34 N .C ... 24 W .Va. 78 V a .. . . ■S.C. .. 68 116 K y .. .. 161 G a .. . . Ada. .. 143 Ratios 276 T e n n .. 78 not v t . ... 244 given. A rk ... 285 M d .... 358 Miss. . 348 La. . . . 70 D.C. . 1,364 O hio.. Del. .. 77 N.M ex 56 N .II... 210 .1 310 .1 Fla. .. 2,173 T e x ... .1 3,303 .2 Ind. .. .2 M o .... 3,547 1,851 .2 N .J. .. .2 M e .... 1,087 7,956 .2 Pa. . . . 13,349 .3 N.Y.-_ .3 833 R .I---5,395 .3 M ass.. 2,254 .4 C onn.. .4 A riz. _ 151 5,974 .7 Cal. .. 436 N e v ... .7 12,932 .8 M ich.. O re g .. 1,557 M ont.. 454 12,565 K an s.. 2,526 Colo. . 323 Wyo. . Wash.1,228 599 Ida. .. U1........ 59,385 39,145 Io w a.. N e b r.. 12,174 U tah.. 4,964 57,487 W is... D ak. .. 16,422 M inn.. 101,697 ■ 2.- ■ I SC A LE : \% o f T o ta l P o p u la tio n . \§! None reported, guv anna) Under .1% of total Pop. .2% and under .5% of total P. INDEX, Ala. . 41 M o... 26 Ariz. 18 Mont. 13 A rk.- 38 N ebr. 5 Cal. . .17 N ev.. 10 Colo. .11 N .II.. 30 Conn. -19 N .J. . 25 D ak. . 2 N .M exm Del. . .32 N .Y .. .22 D .C .. .34 N .C .. .47 Fla. . .29 Ohio. 33 G a ... .42 Oreg. 14 Ida. . 8 Pa. .. .23 111.. . 7 R .i. . .21 Ind. . .27 S.C. . .44 Io w a 6 Tenn. .40 Kans. -12 T e x .. 28 K y ... .43 Utah. 4 La. .. .35 V t . .. 39 M e... .24 V a .. . .45 M d . . .37 Wash - 9 Mass. .20 W .Va .46 Mich. .15 W is.. 3 Minn. . 1 Wyo. .10 Miss. .36 LliiAiiUmlo: lalveston lO'o and over, 'Unsettled parts. S C O TC H Total Born in Scotlandi 170,136. RATI O TO TOTAL P O P U L A T IO N (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) ortiand NNNSs NS SS: wmm, Ratio of Scotch to Total Population. Per llauk State. Number. Cent. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 G a .. . . Miss. . A rk ... N .C ... T e n n .. S.C. .. Ala. .. K y .. .. V a .. .. La. . . . Fla. .. N .M ex W .V a. T e x ... Ind. . . M o .... Del. .. M e .... O h io .. D C .. . M d .. . V t. . . . N .II.-M inn.. K ans.. Iow a.Wis.-.. Pa. . . . N eb r.. i n ___ N.Y.__ A riz. . O re g .. M ich.. N .J. .. Conn.D ak. .. M ass.. Cal. .. Ida. .. M ont.. Wash.C o lo .. N e v ... R .I— Wyo. . U tah.. 395 303 Ratios 229 under 408 516 354 426 982 .1 893 .1 65S .1 216 .1 11C .1 622 .1 1,65S .1 2,731 .1 3,641 .2 285 .2 1,397 .2 8,946 .3 495 .3 2,645 .3 1,006 .3 1,102 .3 2,964 .4 3,788 .4 6,885 .4 5,770 .4 20,735 .5 2,230 .5 15,645 .5 28,066 .6 250 .6 1,129 .6 10,731 .7 7,633 .7 4,157 .7 940 .7 12,507 .7 6,465 .7 253 .8 324 .8 628 .8 1,673 .9 671 3,039 432 3,201 o f T o tal I P o p u latio n . None reported U nder.2% of total Pop. .2% and under .5% of total P. « IN D EX, A la. .41 M o - -.32 A riz. .10 Mont.. 7 A rk. -.45 N ebr.,19 .Cal. -- 9 N e v ... 4 Colo. . 5 N .II...25 C onn.-12 N .J. ..13 D ak.. . 11 N.MecrSG Del. ..31 N .Y ...17 D. C ...28 N .C ...44 Fla. ..37 O hio. .29 G a_ 47 O reg.. 15 _ Ida. . . 8 Pa. ...2 0 10% and over, Unsettled parts.. Ind. ..33 S.C. ..42 Io w a .22 Tenn.-43 Kans. -23 Tex. ..34 Ky___40 U tah.. 1 L a.. ..38 V t— .26 M e ....30 V a— 39 Md. ..27 Wash.- 6 M ass..10 W.Va.35 M ich..14 W is.. .21 Minn. .24 Wyo. . 2 Miss. .46 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS. 3?0 PULATIOIST P late 2 9 FR E N C H ■ TO TOTAL POPULATION (Based on th e R eturns o f th e T enth Census.) a-';: fr tla n d R ank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 87 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 21 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 N.C. -. S.C. .. V a .... G a.. -. M e .... N .II... T e n n .. Ala. . W. Va. Vt. . . . Miss. . A rk ... n 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 M d .-.- Fla. .. Utah.. Ky. . . Del. .. R .I_ _ M a s s .. N .M ex D C .. . Iow a . iN ebr.. T e x ... M inn.. U onn.K a n s .. W is... Pa. . .. M ieh.. D ak. .. Mo_ _ Ind. .. 111. — . Wyo. . O reg .. O hio.. Wash.N .J. .. N .Y ... M ont.. L’olo. . Ida. .. N e v ... A riz. . La. . .. Cal. . N u m b e r. Per Cent, 59 131 289 295 128 Ratios u nder 98 523 not eWen. 442 230 138 507 369 620 .1 221 .1 129 .1 1,512 .1 138 .1 312 .1 2,212 .1 1671 .1 293 .2 2,675 .2 749 .2 2,653 .2 1,351 .2 1,079 .2 1,821 .2 2,412 .2 7,949 .2 3,203 .2 272 .2 4,642 .2 4,473 .2 8,524 .3 61 .3 514 .3 10,136 .3 245 .3 3,739 .3 20,321 .4 161 .4 825 .4 142 . 4 393 .6 276 .7 9,992 1.1 9,550 1.1 SCALE: KEY \% of T o tal P op N o n e r e p o r te d ___ U n d e r .2 % o f total .2 # a n d u nd er .5% of to ta l « I NDEX. Ala. ..40 M o.--.16 A riz. . 3 M ont.. 7 A rk. ..36 N ebr..25 Cal. . . 1 N e v ... 4 Colo. . 6 N .H .-.42 C onn.-22 N .J. .. 9 D a k ... 17 N .M ex 28 Del. ..31 N .Y ... 8 D .C ...27 N .C ...47 F la — 34 O hio.. 11 Ga. ...4 4 O re g ..l2 Ida. .. 5 P a ___ 19 111....... 14 R . Ind. ..15 S. C. -.46 Io w a .26 Tenn. .41 Kans..21 T e x .. .24 Ky. . .32 U tah..33 La. . . . 2 Vt. ...3 8 M e ....43 Y a .-..45 M d.--.a5 Wash.-10 Mass. .29 W .Va. 39 Mich. .18 Wis. ..20 M inn..23 Wyo. .18 Miss. .37 p a lv e s to n LQX and over, U n settled p arts. I ---------------30 IM M IG R A TIO N . (Based on th e Reports of the Secretary of the T reasury.) ANNUAL IMMIGRATION, 1820-1880. S C AL E : Alien Passengers (Arrived). 20,000 I m m ig r a n ts . Tear en d ed Sep tem b er 30, 1820 “ “ “ “ 1821. 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832.._ Quarter ended D ecem ber 31, 1832 e a r ended D ecem ber 31, 1833 “ 1834 1835 1836. 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 Ja n u a ry 1 to Sep tem b er 30,1843 Y ear ended Septem ber 30,1844 “ “ “ . “ 1845 “ “ “ “ 1846. “ “ “ “ 1847. “ “ “ “ 1848 “ “ “ “ 1849 1850 Q u a rte r en d ed D ecem ber 81,1850. Y ear ended D ecem ber 31, 1851 “ “ “ “ 1852 “ 1853 “ “ “ 1854 “ “ “ “ 1855 420,000 440,000 460,000 Immigrants (Arrived). Y ear ended D ecem ber 31,1856 “ 1857 J a n u a ry 1 to J u n e 30,1866 Y e ar e n d ed J u n e 30,1867 “ 1868 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. POPULATIOIT P la t e 3 0 RATIOS OF TOTAL FOREIGN-BORN, AND OF GERMANS, IRISH, AND BRITISH AMERICANS, TO THE TOTAL POPULATION, IN EACH OF THE FIFTY MOST POPULOUS CITIES. (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) J—Gg * gr Ratio of Total Foreign-Born to Total Population, 1880. scale Rank : 1* of Total Population. 2* 3* 4* 5 * 6* Fifty Principal Citiea. 7* 8* 9* IN D E X . Albany, N.Y........... 28!Lynn, Mass.......... Allegheny, P a......... 32 Milwaukee, Wis. .. 5 A tlanta, Ga............. 50 Minneapolis, M inn..15 Baltimore, Md.........40 Nashville, Tenn....... 48 Boston, Mass............16 Newark, N .J............21 Brooklyn. N.Y......... 17 New Haven, Conn. .31 _ Buffalo. N.Y.............13 New Orleans, La_ 35 Cambridge, Mass.. .20 New York, N.Y.......6 Camden, N .J............44 Paterson, N .J..........10 Charleston, S.C.......471Philadelphia, Pa___ 34 Chicago, 111..............4 Pittsburgh, Pa......... 23 Cincinnati, Ohio__ 25 Providence, R .I.. ..27 Cleveland, Ohio— 9 Reading, P a............. 46 Columbus, Ohio_ 39 Richmond, Va..........49 _ Dayton, Ohio.......... 36 Rochester, N.Y........ 19 Denver, Colo...........33 St. Louis, Mo............ 18 Detroit, Mich.......... 7 St. Paul, Minn..........11 Fall River, Mass__ 1 San Francisco, Cal.. 2 Hartford, Conn.......29 Scranton, Pa.............12 Indianapolis, In d ...41 Syracuse, N.Y..........30 Jersey City, N .J__ 14 Toledo, Ohio............. 22 Kansas City, Mo__ 42|Troy, N.Y.................24 Lawrence, Mass_ 3 Washington, D.C. ..45 _ Louisville, Ky.......... 371Wilmington, Del— 43 Lowell, M ass..........81Worcester, Mass___ r* 10* 11* 12* 13* 14% 15* Atlanta, Ga............... Richmond, Va.......... Nashville, Tenn......... Charleston, S. C........ Reading, P a............... Washington, D. C_ _ Camden, N. J ............ Wilmington. Del. Kansas City, Mo. Indianapolis, Ind. Baltimore, Md__ Columbus, Ohio Lynn, Mass................ Louisville, Ky............ Dayton, Ohio............ New Orleans, La....... Philadelphia, P a....... Denver, Colo.............. Allegheny, Pa........... New Haven, C onn... Syracuse, N. Y.......... Hartford, Conn. Albany, N.Y....... Providence, R. I Worcester, Mass....... Cincinnati, Ohio Troy, N. Y................. Pittsburgh, Pa.......... Toledo, O hio ............ Newark, N. J ............ Cambridge, M ass.. . . Rochester, N. Y........ St. Louis, Mo............. Brooklyn, N. Y......... Boston, Mass............. Minneapolis, M inn... Jersey City, N. J ....... Buffalo, N. Y............. Scranton, Pa.............. St. Paul, Minn........... Paterson, N. J . . Cleveland, Ohio Lowell, Mass. .. Detroit, M ich... New York, N. Y. Milwaukee, Wis. Chicago, 111............... | Lawrence, Mass....... i San Francisco, Cal...i Fall River, Mass. 48* 49* 50* Ratio of Germans to Total Population, 1880. Fifty Principal Citie*. Fall River, Mass, Lowell, Mass. Lynn, Mass. W orcester, Mass. Providence, It. I....... Cambridge, M ass... . Atlanta, Ga............... Nashville, Tenn........ Wilmington, Del. Richmond, Va. Boston, Mass. .. . Troy, N. Y.......... Washington, D. C Lawrence, Mass. Charleston, S. C. Camden, N. J _ _ Hartford, Conn, Kansas City, Mo. Paterson, N. J ... New Haven, Conn... Minneapolis, Minn... Reading, Pa. . Denver, Colo. New Orleans, La, Philadelphia, P a....... Scranton, Pa. Albany, N. Y. Indianapolis, Ind___ Jersey City, N. J. San Francisco, Cal... Columbus, Ohio Syracuse, N. Y.......... Brooklyn, N. Y. Pittsburgh, Pa. Baltimore, Md. Louisville, Ky. Allegheny, Pa. St. Paul, Minn. Rochester, N. Y. Dayton, Ohio Newark, N. J. New York, N. Y, Toledo, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Detroit, Mich. Chicago, 111. .. St. Louis, Mo. Buffalo, N. Y. .. Cincinnati, Ohio Milwaukee. Wis. Albany, N.Y......... Allegheny, P a . . . . A tlanta, Ga.......... Baltimore, Md_ _ Boston, Mass........ Brooklyn, N.Y— Buffalo, N.Y......... Cambridge, Mass. Camden, N .J......... Charleston, S.C... Chicago, 111.......... Cincinnati, Ohio.. Cleveland, Ohio.. Columbus, Ohio.. Dayton, Ohio....... Denver, Colo........ Detroit, Mich....... Fall River, Mass.. Hartford, Conn... Indianapolis, Ind. Jersey City, N .J .. Kansas City, Mo.. Lawrence, M ass.. Louisville, Ky___ Lowell, Mass........ Ratio of Irish to Total Population, 1880. Ratio of British Americans to Total Population, 1880. Rank Fifty Principal Cities. A tlanta, Ga. Reading, Pa............... Richmond, Va... Nashville, Tenn. Milwaukee, Wis........ Charleston, S. C........ Dayton, Ohio............ Camden, N. J ............ Minneapolis, Minn... Baltimore, Md......... Washington, D. C_ _ Columbus, O hio. . Indianapolis, Ind. Louisville, Ky___ Denver, Colo........ New Orleans, La. Detroit, Mich............. Toledo, O h io ............ Cincinnati, Ohio....... Kansas City, Mo. Allegheny, P a........... Buffalo, N. Y............. Rochester, N. Y........ St. Paul, Minn........... Cleveland, Ohio St. Louis, Mo. .. Wilmington, Del. Syracuse, N. Y. . Cnicago, 111......... Newark, N. J — Lynn, Mass......... Pittsburgh, P a... Paterson, N. J . .. Philadelphia, Pa. San Francisco, Cal... Albany, N. Y............. Brooklyn, N. Y......... Scranton, P a ............ New Haven, Conn.. Cambridge, Mass. .. Worcester, Mass— Providence, R. I___ H artford, Conn....... New York, N. Y....... Fall River, Mass....... Jersey City, N .J ....... Boston, M a ss.-------Lowell, Mass............. Troy, N. Y................. Lawrence, Mass....... I Lynn, Mass..............48 1Milwaukee, W is.. . . 1 1Minneapolis, Minn..30 ) Nashville, Tenn.......43 ) Newark, N .J............10 18'New Haven, Conn..31 3;New Orleans, La.. 45 New York, N.Y... 35 Paterson, N .J.......... 32 36! Philadelphia, Pa_ 26 _ 5 Pittsburgh, Pa......... 17 2 Providence, R.1....... 46 7jReading, P a............. 29 20Richmond, Va.........41 11 Rochester N.Y........12 28; St. Louis, Mo.............4 6:St. Paul, Minn..........13 50|San Francisco, Cal..21 34! Scranton, Pa........... 25 23 Syracuse, N.Y..........19 22; Toledo, Ohio........... 8 33!Troy, N.Y..................39 37; Washington, D.C. ..38 15l Wilmington, Del— 42 491Worcester, Mass— 47 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 as 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1.3 3.2 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. Fifty Principal Cities. Charleston, S. C........ Richmond, Va........... Baltimore, Md.......... New Orleans, La___ Nashville, Tenn........ Wilmington, Del....... Atlanta, Ga............... Louisville, Ky........... Washington, D. C. .. Philadelphia, P a....... Allegheny, P a ............ Newark, N. J ............ Pittsburgh, P a.......... Camden, N. J ............ Scranton, P a.............. Dayton, Ohio__ ___ Paterson, N. J ........... Cincinnati, O hio....... Columbus, O h io....... Indianapolis, I n d .. . . New York, N'. Y___ St. Louis, Mo............. Jersey City, N. J. . . . Brooklyn, N. Y......... Milwaukee, W is....... New Haven, Conn... Hartford, Conn........ Albany, N. Y............. San Francisco, Cal... Kansas City, Mo....... Syracuse, N. Y.......... Providence, It. I....... Cleveland, O h io....... Chicago, 111................ Toledo, O h io ............ Denver, Colo.............. Troy, N. Y............ Buffalo, N. Y . ____ St. Paul, Minn........... Rochester, N. Y........ Worcester, Mass....... Lynn, Mass................ Boston, Mass............. Minneapolis, M inn... Cambridge, Mass. Lawrence, Mass........ Detroit, Mich............. Fall River, Mass....... Lowell, Mass............. Per Cent. SC A LE : l*of Total Population. IN D E X . Albany, N.Y............22 Lynn, Mass................ 8 Allegheny, P a......... 39 Milwaukee, Wis___ 25 A tlanta, Ga.............43;Minneapolis, Minn.. 6 Baltimore, Md.........47iNashville, Tenn. ...45 Boston, Mass.......... 7'Newark, N .J.............38 Brooklyn, N.Y.........26 New Haven, Conn..24 Buffalo, N.Y............12New Orleans, La. ..46 Cambridge, M ass... 5 New York, N.Y. ...29 Camden, N .J........... 36 Paterson, N .J........... 33 Charleston, S.C.......49 Philadelphia, P a___ 40 Chicago, 111..............16 Pittsburgh, Pa......... 37 Cincinnati, Ohio___32 Providence, It. 1........18 Cleveland, Ohio___17 Reading, Pa............. 50 Columbus, Ohio.. ..31 Richmond, V a......... 48 Dayton, Ohio........... 34 Rochester, N.Y........10 Denver, Colo............14 St. Louis, Mo...........28 Detroit, Mich.............3 St. Paul, Minn......... 11 Fall River, Mass___ 2 San Francisco, Cal. .21 Hartford, Conn....... 23 Scranton, Pa............35 Indianapolis, In d ...30;Syracuse, N.Y......... 19 Jersey City, N .J ....27Toledo, Ohio............15 Kansas City, M o ....20,Troy, N.Y................13 Lawrence, Mass— 4 Washington, D .C ...41 Louisville, Ky.........42 Wilmington, Del___44 Lowell, Mass.......... li Worcester, Mass_ 9 _ P la t e 3 1 POPULATionsr RATIOS OF THE PRINCIPAL FOREIGN AND STATE NATIVITIES, TO THE TOTAL POPULATION, IN NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, CHICAGO, AND BOSTON. (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) New York. Nativity. N o rw ay ..................... W ales......................... Denmark _................ C u b a .......................... H o llan d ..................... S w eden...................... H ungary.................... S w itzerland.............. R u ssia ......................... Austria p ro p e r......... C anada....................... Bohemia..................... Scotland..................... P o lan d ....................... France ....................... Italy ............................ E n g la n d .................... Germ any.................... Irelan d....................... . K e n tu c k y ................... N orth Carolina......... District of Columbia New Ham pshire....... G eorgia...................... Louisiana................... South Carolina......... . Illinois........................ Rhode Island............ V erm ont.................... M a in e ............ ........... Ohio............................ M aryland................... V irg in ia............ ........ C onnecticut............... M assachusetts........... Pennsylvania............ New Jersey................ New Y ork................. i Per Cent. Number. 83 9 .1 f If 929 1,096 1,614 1,860 i 3,194 .3 4,101 .3 4,545 .4 4,551 .4 4,743 .4 5,640 .5 .7 8,093 8,683 .7 9,020 .7 9,910 .8 12,223 29,664 2.5 163,482 13.5 198,595 16.5 747 .1 849 .1 I, .1 007 1,237 .1 1,244 .1 1,284 .1 1,302 .1 1,414 .1 1,459 .1 1,613 .1 2,014 .2 2,913 .2 3,611 .3 5,696 .5 8,726 .7 10,589 II, 055 17,937 647,299 scale : 1 P er Cent, of T otal Population. 2 % 3 * « 5* n 8% 9* o* 11% m m 14% 1 .0 15% 4* 71 m m S3-7% W37% Dir* Philadelphia. Flank 19 is 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Nativity. Per Number. Cent. 215 Ratio* 270 under 276 288 giren. 354 .1 496 505 .1 .1 577 .1 613 .1 680 686 .1 1,656 .2 .2 1,848 1,916 .2 .3 2,588 5,696 .7 26,315 3.1 E ngland....................... 55,769 Ire la n d ........................ 101,808 12.0 438 .1 476 .1 535 .1 604 .1 613 .1 .1 726 .1 746 836 .1 981 1,276! .2 District 9 f Colum bia.. 1.688 .2 .3 2,394 4,293 .5 .8 6,388 D elaw are.................... 12,474 1.5 12,677 M aryland— ............. 13,637 New Y ork................... 1 Pennsylvania.............. 554,449' 65.4 47^ 2 !^ 7 65.4* p57* D37* D 1* 7 Chicago. Rank 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 1 1 10 9 Nativity. L uxem burg. Belgium ....... W a le s.......... Russia. Austria proper. Italy................... Sw itzerland....... F ra n c e ................. H o llan d .............. Denmark............. S cotland....... .. P o la n d ................ N o rw ay .............. Bohemia....... ....... Sweden________ England............... C a n a d a ............... Ire la n d ............. G erm any............ Tennessee............ New Hampshire V irginia.............. M aryland........... New J e rs e y ....... IMaine. C onnecticut. I o w a ............. V erm o n t_ _ Kentucky_ _ Missouri. . Indiana.. Michigan........... M assachusetts. Pennsylvania.. W isconsin........ Ohio................... New Y ork____ Illinois............... Per Number. Cent. 358 .1 484 .1 722 .1 921 .2 1.356 .3 1.357 .3 1.459 .3 1,590 .3 2.045 .4 2,556 .5 4,152 .8 5,536 1.1 9,783 1.9 11,887 2.4 12,9:30 2.6 13.045 2.6 13.265 2.6 44.411 8.8 75,205 14. 744 .1 1,348 .3 1,614 .3 1,666 .3 1,820 .4 .4 2,114 .5 2,442 .5 2,529 2,577 .5 .5 2,633 .6 2,768 .8 3,991 5,1 6,998 1.4 7.460 1.5 8,900 1.8 9,067 1.8 32,034 6.4 197,728 39.3 1 .0 3!M 2 *JJ 7 f% |7 * Boston. Nativity. v Per Cent. .1 Norway.................. 245 .1 S w itzerland........... 284 .1 Atlantic Islands... 345 Russia..................... .1 402 H o llan d................. .1 437 P o la n d ................... .1 597 .2 Portugal................. 795 F ra n c e ....... ........... .2 .4 1,277 Italy........................ 1,450 .4 Sweden................... 1,495 .4 Newfoundland---1,535 .4 Prince Edward Island 2,662 Scotland.................... .7 4,234 1.2 C an ad a.................... . 5,878 1.6 New Brunswick----2.0 G erm any................. England..................... 8JJ98 2.5 9,992 2.8 Nova Scotia............ ' 64,793 17.9 Ireland...................... 189 .1 G eorgia..................... 201 .1 Louisiana................. .1 District of Columbia 227 230 .1 C alifornia................ 244 South Carolina....... .1 313 .1 North Carolina....... 396 .1 Illinois...................... 518’ .1 Ohio.......................... .2 M aryland................. 647 734 .2 New Je rs e y ............. 1,309 .4 Pennsylvania........... .5 1,649 Rhode Islan d........... 1,759 .5 Connecticut............. .6 2.007 V irginia................... 3,524 1.0 V erm ont.................. 6,160 1.7 New York................ 9,831 2.7 New Hampshire----20.529 5.7 M aine....................... . 196,256' 54.1 M assachusetts.......... 47*| 27*1 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. K4.1* 3 * ? POPTJLATIOnST P l a t e 32 SELECTED CLASSES, BY STATES, 1880. (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) T or scale, see foot of chart. 1. S .— .Y T otal................................... 5,082, 871 L Born in the U nited States 3,871, 492 T Foreign b o m ..................... 1, 211, 379 499, 445 Irish.................................... 355, 913 Germans.................. -........ 116, English.......................... 80, Canadians........................... 65, Colored............................... 28, Scotch................................ . 20, French............................... . T otal.................................... 4,282,891 Born in th e United States. 3,695,062 587,829 Foreign b o m ..................... . 236,505 Irish..................................... 168,426 Germans.............................. 85,535 2 . P A . . „ Colored................................ 80,102 glish............................... 29,447 Welsh.................................. 20,735 Scotch................................. 10,528 Canadians_____ «.______ 5,000 ,I OOO 3OI — .H O Total.................................... 3,198,062 Born in th e United States. 2,803,119 Foreign b o m ......... ............ 394,943 Germans....... ...................... 192,597 79,900 Colored................................ 78,927 I ris h .................................... 41,555 English................................. 15,202 Canadians........................... 13,763 Welsh................................... 11,989 Swiss.................................... 4 500 ,0 00 4 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 T otal.................................... 3,077,871 Born in th e United States. 2,494,295 583,576 Foreign b o m ....... .............. Germans.............................. 235,786 117,343 Irish..................................... 4. ILL____ 56,318 glish................................ 46,368 Colored............................... 42,415 S w ed es............................... 32,131 Canadians........................... Norwegians........................ 16,970 3,500,000 3,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2,168,380 T otal............................... Born in th e United States. 1,956,802 211,578 Foreign b o m .................. Colored........................... 145,350 106,800 Germans......................... 5 . m o .. . . 48,898 I r i s h ............................... 15,798 English............................ 8,090 Canadians...................... 6,064 Swiss............................... 4,642 French............................ 2,500,000 2 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 For scale, see foot of chart. 1,512,565 Born in the United States. 1,497^869 631,616 14,696 4,835 14. VA........... 3,759 2^781 '893 463 289 T otal.................................. . 1,978,301 Bom in th e United States 1,834,123 Foreign b om ...................... 144,178 80,756 Germans............................. 39,228 Colored.............................. 6 L .._ Irish.................................... 25,741 . \D . f t , 093 English................................ 5,213 Canadians........................... French............................... 4,473 3,695 Swiss.................................. . 7. MASS. „ T otal.................................... 1,783,085 Born in th e United States 1,339,594 Foreign b o m ...................... 443,491 Irish..................................... 226,700 Canadians........................... 71,501 English................................ 47,263 Nova Scotians........ ........... 29,307 Colored.............................. . 18,697 Germans............................ . 16,872 Scotch................................. 12,507 1,399,750 Bom in the United States. i;396;008 Irish..................................... 531,277 3,742 950 738 611 408 880 67 Bom in the United States. 1,315,497 910,072 405,425 1,900,000 1 5 .1 .C .... T otal.................................... 1,648,690 Born in th e United States. 1,589,173 Colored................................ 271,451 Foreign b o m ....... ............... 59,517 30,413 8. KI___ Germans.............................. Irish...................................... 18,256 English........................ ........ 4,100 French................................. 1,512 Swiss.................................... 1,130 Canadians........................... 1,010 49,349 41,907 25,682 24,916 13,848 8,797 1 0 .W IS .— 1,800,000 T otal.................................... 1,636,937 Born in th e United States. 1,248,429 Foreign b o m ...................... 388,508 Canadians......................... . 145,968 89,085 9. M I C H - Germans............................ . Irish..................................... 43,413 43,202 English................................ Hollanders.......................... 17,177 Colored............................... 15,100 Scotch................................ . 10,731 Bom in th e United States. 1,252,771 Colored................................ 600,103 1,500,000 9,734 3,238 2,9G0 935 442 426 206 17. ALA.— 1400,000 1 . I W. 0 OA 11 T E L — T otal.................................... 1,624,015 Bom in the United States. 1,362,965 Foreign b o m ......... ........... 261,650 Germans.............................. 88,268 Irish...................................... 44,061 English................................. 22,519 Norwegians........................ 21,586 Canadians............. ............. 19,451 Swedes................................ 17,559 Bohemians.......................... 10,554 T otal.................................... 1,131,597 Bom in the United States. 1,122,888 650,291 9,2C9 2,753 2,556 1,047 507 4 303 302 1,700,000 18. M IS S ... T otal.................................. 1,591,749 Born in the United States 1,477,733 393,384 Colored............................... 114,616 Foreign b o m ..................... Mexicans........................... 43,161 Germans............................ . 35,347 Irish.................................... 8,103 English................................ 6,528 Austrians............................ 3,474 Bohemians......................... 2,669 Born in the United States. 19. JI.J___ 1,300,000 1,131,116 909,416 221,700 93^079 64,935 38,853 31,285 7,633 4,281 8,739 1, 200,000 1,600,000 12. T E H — T otal.................................. . 1,542,359 Bora in th e United States 1,525,657 Colored.............................. . 403,151 Foreign born...................... 16,702 Irish.................................... 5,975 Germans............................ 3,983 English............................... . 1,956 Swiss........................ ......... . 1,026 French................................. 523 Scotch................................ 516 Bom in the United States. 2 0.K A N S .-_ T otal.................................. . 1,542,180 Bora in th e United States 1,531,616 Colored....... ............ _____ 725,133 Foreign b o m ...................... 10,564 13. t i l ............I r is h ........................................... Germans.............................. English................................ Scotch................................. | French..................... ........... C anadians.......................... I 4,148 2,956 1,144 395 295 291 Bom in the United States. T 500 ,0 00 1 0 ,0 0 ,0 0 0 1,500,000 21. S . C . . . . 400,000 aoo.ooo 80 0 0 ,0 0 996,096 886,010 110,086 43,107 28,034 14,993 14,172 11,758 11,207 8,032 995,577 987.891 604,332 7,686 2,846 2,626 670 354 131 128 1,100,000 500 ,0 00 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 Population. 100,000 Population. COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS. 000,000 POPULATION P la te 3 3 SELECTED CLASSES, BY STATES, 1880. — Continued. (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) F or scale, see foot of chart. T otal.................................... C olored............................... 22. L A . . . . F or scale, see foot of chart. 885,800 483,655 54,146 . 17,475 13,807 9,992 2,582 2,527 987 35. COLO.— Colored................................ Welsh.................................. T otal.................................... Bom in th e United States. 24. C A L ... Born in the United States. 25. ARK. T otal................... ................. Born in the United States. 26. m n .- Bom in the United States. 27. B E . — T otal............................ Bom in th e United States. 2 8 .C O M . . African DescentE Other C lasses...^ 400,000 B6. D.C_ _ _ T otal.................................. Born in th e United States Colored.............................. Foreign b o m ..................... Irish.................................... Germans............................ English............................... Scotch................................ Canadians.......................... French............................... 177,624 160,502 59,596 17,122 2 7,840 5,055 1,648 495 340 17. OREO.. Total.................................. Bom in th e United States Foreign b om ..................... Chinese............................. Germans............................ Irish.................................... English.............................. Canadians......................... S co tch ............................... Swedes............................... 174,768 144,265 30,503 9,472 5,034 3,659 2,89G 2,371 1,129 38. D E L - T otal.................................. . Bora in th e United States Colored.............................. Foreign b o m ..................... Irish............. ...................... English............................... Germans............................ . S co tch ............................... Canadians.......................... French..................._.......... 146,608 137,140 26,442 9,468 5,791 1,433 1,179 285 208 138 M .U T A Q 210,230 82,806 45,481 21,865 5,231 2,645 1,169 924 571,820 292,874 73,548 62,962 42,532 24,657 13,077 9,550 8,648 T o ta l................................ Born in th e United States Foreign b o ra ..................... English............................... -Danes............................... Swedes.................... .......... S co tch ............................... Welsh................................. Irish........ ........................... Norwegians....................... 143,963 99,969 43,994 19,654 7,791 3,750 3,201 2,890 1,321 1,214 T otal............................. . . . Bom in th e United States Foreign b o m ..................... N o rw eg ian s................. Canadians.......................... Russians............................ Germans............................ Irish................................... Swedes............................... English............................... 135,177 83,382 51,795 13,245 10,219 6,493 5,925 4,104 8,177 2,311 T otal................................... Bom in the United States Foreign b o m ..................... Mexicans........................... N. HEX. C o lo red ....................... Irish............................... Germans....................... English.......................... Canadians..................... French.......................... 119,565 111,514 8,051 5,173 1,015 795 729 339 227 167 900,000 210,666 10,350 3,620 2,432 1,176 732 369 240 267,676 66,592 62,521 39,176 25,942 25,288 8,495 7,759 800,000 G48,936 590,053 58,883 19,095 13,955 13,421 3,716 3,574 1,451 1,397 10. D A L . 022,700 492,708 129,992 70,638 15,627 15,453 15,41% 11,547 4,157 2,086 KEY. Foreign C ora .._ 2 I 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 T otal— . ............................. 2B. DID__ T otal.....................................I 194,327 Born in the United States. | 154,537 Foreign born................... English......................... 8,797 Irish.............................. 8,263 Germans...................... 7,012 Canadians..... ..................... 4,749 Colored........................ 2,435 Swedes......................... 2,172 S co tch ......................... 1,673 41. 700,000 I I 300,000 T otal.................................... Bora in th e United States. 018,457 600,192 25,886 18,265 7,029 6,459 2,051 810 622 369 T otal.................................. Born in the United States Foreign b o m ..................... C hinese.......................... . Irish.................................... 42. W ASH.. Germans............................ Canadians........................ English......... ..................... Swedes........................... S co tch ................... ........... T otal................................... Bom in th e United States. 452,402 354,988 97,414 31,125 10,164 10,133 8,858 8,207 7,966 4,511 T otal.................................... Bom in th e United States. Foreign bom ...................... Chinese ............................... - - Irish.................................... English................................ Canadians........................... Germans..................... ----Italians................................ Swiss.................................... G2,286 36,613 25,653 5,402 5,191 4,146 2,474 2,213 1,560 T otal.................................... Bom in th e United States. Foreign b o m ...................... Mexicans............................. C hinese............................... Irish..................................... Germans.............................. English................................ Canadians........................... French................................. 40,440 24,391 16,049 9,330 1,626 1,296 T otal.................................. Bom in th e United States Foreign b o m ..................... Irish.................................... MOST.. Canadians................... ....... Chinese.............................. Germans............................ . English............................... Colored.............................. S co tch ............................... 39,159 27,638 11,521 2,408 2,088 1,756 1,705 1,249 346 324 46. IDAHO T otal................................... Bom in the United States Foreign born..................... Chinese............................... English............................... Irish.................................... Germans............................. Welsh................................. Danes................................. Canadians.......................... 32,610 22,636 9,974 3,366 1,594 981 750 641 586 465 4 7 .W Y 0 ,. T otal.................................... Bom in th e United States. Foreign b o m ...................... Irish.................................... . English................................ C hinese.............................. Germans............................ Canadians.....................— S co tch ............................... Colored.............................. 20,789 14,939 5,850 1,093 1,080 29. W .V A .. 80. M M . . . NEV. GOO,000 75,116 59,313 15,803 a 3, IC G 2,243 2,198 1,783 1,653 648 C28 200,000 Total.............. ’. . . . Bom in th e United States. 3 1 .S .H .-. T otal................ Born in the United S tates. 8 2 .1 I T . - - 346,991 300,697 46,294 25,703 13,052 3,497 1,102 816 789 685 44. ARIZ. 332,288 291,327 40,959 24,344 11,657 2,253 1,057 1,006 514 396 45. 500 ,0 00 1,110 708 447 276 IN D E X . T otal.................................... Bom in th e United S tates. 8 8 .R .L — Irish..-................................. T otal.................................... Bom in th e United States 84. F L A . . . Canadians .......................... 73,993 35,281 16,300 12,500 6,488 3,039 1,966 1,401 126,690 9,909 2,793 2,170 978 866 652 301 W L 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 Population. COPYRIGHT, T883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. 918 801 475 432 298 100,000 P o p u la tio n . A la.- -17Mo— 5 Ariz. .44 Mont. .45 Ark.. .25 Nebr. .30 Cal. . .24 Nev. .43 Colo. .35 N.H.. .31 Conn -28 N .J .. .19 Dak.. .40 N .M exil Del. . .38 N.Y.. 1 D.C'.. .36 N.O.. .15 Fla. . .34 Ohio. 3 G a- . .13 Dreg. .87 Ida. . .46 P a ... 2 i n .... 4 R.I.—.33 I n d .. . 6 S.C. . .21 Iow a .10 Tenn -12 Ivans -20 Tex.. .11 K y... . 8 Utah. .39 L a ... -22 V t... .32 M e... .27 Va. .14 Md. . .23 Wash -42 Mass. . 7 W.Va.29 Mich. . 9 Wis.. .16 Minn -26 Wyo.. -47 Miss. .18 P late 3 4 (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) POPULATIOIST INTER-STATE MIGRATION. Highest Ratios Ran | State. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 6 4 3 2 1 K a n s .. £ a l... Towa. X ev. . M inn. C c n n .. M ont. Nebr. . W is. Dak. |W vo. 1C olo... IN .J. . . iM ic h .. |N.Y. . . Per Cent Rank 4.3 5.1 5.1 5.3 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.5 6.6 6.8 7.7 8.0 8.4 14.0 70.0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State. Per Cent I ll......... 1.3 Nev— 1.9 A riz . .. 2.3 N ebr. . 2.3 C a l.. .. 2.4 T e x .... 2.7 A r k .... 3.7 W a sh . - 4.2 I d a , . . . 4.3 W y o ... 5.6 K a n s .. 6.0 O reg. . 6.2 M o n t .. 6.4 C o lo ... 6.4 M o.. .. 586 R A T IO OF N A T IV E S R A T IO OF N A T IV E S th an 1 in 2,000 P opulatio n........... ,000 and u n d er l1,000............. ,000 an d under Per Rank State. Cent 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 iM d.. .. I ll......... W . V a. D .C ... D a k ... N .J ---Ohio. . M o n t. . Iowa. . N ebr. . W yo . . C olo... K a n s .. IDel— P a ........ 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.8 5.5 5.6 5.9 5.9 7.5 79.1 t 1,000............... ,000 an d u n d er n 1,000.......... 1.000 and u n d e r f n 1,000_____ 1.000 and u n d e r ! in 1,000................I id over in l,000l * th an 1 in 2,000 P o p u la tio n ............ KEY rsi- 1 in 2,000 and u n d er 1 in 1,000.......... ......... 1 in 1,000 an d und er 5 in 1,000................... 5 in 1,000 and under 10 in 1,000............ 10 in 1,000 and u n d er I 60 in 1,000................. 50 in 1,000 an d und er 100 in 1,000 ..._....... . 100 and over in 1,000 R A T IO OF N A T IV E S by States, A 'M i 1 W1 Rank 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 - -3 State. in if Per State. Cent C a l.. .. 2.0 MinD. . 2.1 N ev.. . 2.1 D ak . .. 3.3 I d a . . . . 3.5 M o n t.. 4.0 ! W a sh .- 4.3 ;O reg. . 4.5 M o .. .. 4.8 |W y o ... 5.L Io w a. . 6.3 Col o .. . 6.7 N ebr. . 10.1 K an. .. 10.7 1 I ll......... 55.5 15 14 13 12 A riz . .. W a sh .I d a .... W y o ... O re g . 10 T e n n .. 9 8 Colo. 7 111......... 6 T e x .... 6 A rk---4 K ans. . 3 I n d - .. 2 Mo___ 1 K y .......... 1 1 1 Per Cent 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 3.3 3.7 4.7 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SONS. 7 IP O P I J L A T I O P late 3 5 3ST INTER-STATE MIGRATION. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Continued. GEORGIA. R A T IO OF N A T IV E S R A T IO OF N A T IV E S 4 a T a4a I Da r. i i I Aa KEY ;ss th an 1 in 2,000 P opulatio n______ Rank : State. 1 in 2,000 an d u n d er > 1 in 1,000....................5 1 in 1,000 an d u n d er ; 5 in 1,000......... 6 in 1,000 an d u n d er 10 in 1,000..... 10 in 1,000 an d u n d er 60 in 1,000___ Per Cent 15 N .C .-.- .2 14 D .C .-.. .2 13 M o n t. . .3 12 I d a — .3 11 A r iz ... .4 10 Colo. .. .5 9 S .C .- ..8 8 T enn. . 1.3 1.6 6 M iss. .. 2.6 5 T ex. .. 3.9 4 A rk ---- 4.6 3 A la .. .. in 1,000 an d u n d e rS 100 in 1,000_ _ 100 an d over in 1,0C 1 iGa........ R A T IO OF N A T IV E S Highest Ratios Rank 1 i 1 State. 15 14 13 12 N .C ..-. K ans. . O h io ... A rk_ _ T e x .... 10 A l a .. . . 9 K y........ 8 7 T en n . . 6 [Mo___ 5 4 M d. . . . 3 D .C .... 2 W. V a . . V a ........ Per Cent 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.9 R A T IO OF N A T IV E S Highest Ratios Rank 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 G reg ... M iss. .. .2 W s h . - .2 a I d a .. .2 M o.. . .2 ICal. . . . .2 M on t. . .2 K ans. . .4 Colo. .. .5 W yo . .7 L a ......... .8 N .M ex. .9 A r iz ... 1.3 A rk _ _ 1.4 T e x .... State. Per Cent 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 „ Pcr K ans. . K y........ L a ......... Mo. . . . Ind. . . . T e x .... V a........ Ga........ S . C ... . A la.'. .. M iss. .. F la .. . A rk — T enn. . N .C ... .6 .6 .7 .7 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.7 96.1 TEN N ES S EE WISCONSIN Per Rank State. Cent 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 M ich . . I ll.......... Nev— Ida— Ore*;. . K ans. . W a sh .W y o ... M o n t. . Colo. .. Io w a... N ebr. . M inn. . D ak . .. W i s . ... .7 .7 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.7 5.7 8.6 52.7 CO PYRIG H T. 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. N A T IV E S P late 3 6 P O P U IiA T IO IT INTER-STATE MIGRATION. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) ALABAMA. -Continued. SOUTH CAROLINA R A T IO OF N A T IV E S to Total Population, R A T IO OF N A T IV E S to Total Population, by States, by States, ,,_ _ 1880. _ _ _ _ _ _ 880. 1 ( m ;n n .< NEBR. Less th an 1 in 2,000 P o p u latio n :_____ 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 C a l.. lz>. C. IK ans. I d a .. Colo. jM o... IA riz. |Ga— |Tenn. L a . ... F la . .. 'A rk ... 1 in 2,000 an d u n d er 1 in 1,000.................... 1 in 1,000 an d u n d er 5 in 1,000.................... 5 in 1,000 an d u n d er 10 in 1,000................. 10 in 1,000 an d u n d er 60 in 1,000.................. 10# of total Populatiorv 60 in 1,000 and u n d er 100 in 1,000................. 100 an d o ver in 1,000 MISSISSIPPI Population. Rack ! 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 in 2,000 an d under 1 in 1,000.............. 1 in 1,000 an d under 6 in 1,000.................. 6 in 1,000 an d under 10 in 1,000................ State. C al. . 'M o ... 'A riz . M on t. D .C .. T enn. L a. .. N .C .. T e x .. A rk .. M iss. A la. |Ga— F la .. . 1S .C ... 10 in 1,000 an d u n d er 50 in 1,000.................. 10# of total Population 60 in 1,000 an d u n d e r! 100 in 1,000_______ 100 an d over in 1,000,1 LOUISIANA R A T IO OF N A T IV E S to Total Population, R A T IO OF N A T IV E S to Total Population, by States, by States, B_ _ , _ ..1880. _ ,00* . 1880. ^ r IOWA. [ KANS. 3 coto, | L ess th an 1 in 2,000 P opu latio n_____ Rank State. 15 14 13 12 II 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 M o n t. . C a l.. . I d a ---W y o ... M o.. . A r iz ... Colo. .. F la ___ K ans. . lA la___ T enn. . T e x ,... L a ......... A rk ---M iss... .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 1.0 1.3 3.9 4.1 1 in 2,000 an d u n d er 1 in 1,000________ 1 in 1,000 an d u n d er 5 in 1,000......... .......... 6 in 1,000 an d u n d er 10 in 1,000...... .......... 10 in 1,000 an d u n d er 60 in 1,000.................. Per Cent ! 10# of total Populatiorv Less th an 1 in 2,000 Population........... 1 in 2,000 a n d tin der 1 in 1,000_................. 1 in 1,000 an d u n d er 5 in 1,000.................. 6 in 1,000 an d u n d er 10 in 1,000..... .......... 10 in 1,000 an d u n d er 50 in 1,000........ ......... 50 in 1,000 an d u n d er 100 in 1,000............ .. 100 an d o ver in 1,0001 NEW JER SEY 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 I d a .. D .C .. K ans. I W yo . F la .. M o ... !Colo. 'M on t. jC al.N ev. .. A r iz .. A r k ... 10# of total Population 50 in 1,000 an d u n d er 100 in 1,000................ 100 an d o ver in l,OOol R A T IO OF N A T IV E S R A T IO OF N A T IV E S to Total Population, to Total Population, by States, ----------,1880. by States, 00£ _ _ _ _ _ 1880. _ KEY ess th an 1 in 2,000 pi!~! P opulatio n....... ...... Rank f State. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 in 2,000 an d u n d er 1 in 1,000________ 1 in 1,000 an d u n d er 5 in 1,000................_ 6 in 1,000 an d u n d er 10 in 1,000................. i) 10 in 1,000 and u n d er i( 50 in 1,000............ ..... P«r Cent IC al.. .. .4 K ans. . .5 HI......... .5 M ich. . .5 Nebr. . .5 N e v .. . .6 \M ont. . .6 D .C .... .6 |W y o ... .6 Conn. . .7 Colo. .. .8 N .Y. .. .9 P a ......... 1.0 D e l... . 1.5 iN .J .- .. 64.2 10# of total Population* S V50 in 1,000 and u n d er t 100 in 1,000................ 300 an d over in 1,000 KANSAS Less th an 1 in 2,000 P opu latio n............. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 N .J .- .. ll ll......... K ans. . L a......... V a ........ A riz . :Colo. .. ,O hio... 1 o n t. . M W y o . .. ,P a ......... W . V a. D el. . . . D .O .... M d .- .. R A T IO OF N A T IV E S 1 in 2,000 an d u n d er 1 in 1,000.................... 1 in 1,000 a n d u n d er 5 in 1,000................... 5 in 1,000 a n d u n d er 10 in 1,000..______ 10 in 1,000 an d u n d er 50 in 1,000................. . 10# of total Population 50 in 1,000 an d u n d er 100 in 1,000_______ 100 an d o ver in 1,000 CALIFORNIA to Total Population, by States, , 0 0 fr, R A T IO OF N A T IV E S to Total Population, by States, 1880. __ _ _ _ 1880. _ ml 3 v \ t0 A \ W-/ ___ ■■fe hi III 1W/1 1 1 V// // // A KANS. Less th a n 1 in 2,0001 P opu latio n_____ H ank State. 15 Nev---14 A rk...... 13 Io w a... 12 C a l.. .. 11 N .M ex. 10 A r iz ... 9 N ebr. . 8 M o.. .. 7 O re g ... 6 | o n t.. M 5 lI d a . . . . 4 W a sh .3 2 Dolo. .. 1 'K an s. . Per Cent .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .9 .9 .9 1.1 1.8 2.1 23.4 13# of total Population Less th a n 1 in 2,000 P opu latio n______ 1 in 2,000 and und er 1 in 1,000.________ 1 in 1,000 an d under 5 in 1,000.________ 6 in 1,000 an d u n d er! 10 in 1,000........ ........ 10 in 1,000 an d u n d er I 50 in 1,000____ 1 in 2,000 and u n d er 1 in 1,000________ 1 in 1,000 an d u n d er 5 in 1,000.________ 6 in 1,000 an d u n d er 10 in 1,000_______ 10 in 1,000 an d u n d er 50 in 1,000.............. ... 50 in 1,000 and underl 100 in 1,000______ 100 a n d over in l,000[ State. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 N ebr. . K ans. . D ak. . . D .C .... Colo. . . 1U ta h . . W y o ... M o n t. . N .M ex. I d a ,... W a sh .O re g . A r iz ... N e v .... C a l.... 10# of total Population 50 in 1,000 an d u n d er 100 in 1,000_______ 100 an d over in 1,000] COPYRIGHT, 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. # ^ H H ft] | P late 3 7 PO PTJL A T IO 1S T INTER-STATE MIGRATION. —Continued. ARKANSAS mmH (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census ) W EST VIRGINIA R A T IO OF N A T IV E S to Total Population, R A T IO OF N A T IV E S to Total Population, by States, n mm,.. 1 % i by States, 1 8 8 0 . 38SO . IOWA. -- IOWA. KANS. TENN. # ! n. mex. Less than 1 in 2,000 P opu latio n............ . 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 N evT enn. jC al. . K ans. M iss. Colo. W yo . L a ........ .5 W a s h - .5 Oreg. . .6 M o.............. 6 A r iz ... .8 I d a .............9 T e x .... 2.6 A r k ,... 54.4 1 in 2,000 an d u n d er 1 in 1,000......... ......... 1 in 1,000 an d under 5 in 1,000.................... 6 in 1,000 an d u n d er 10 in 1,000_______ 10 in 1,000 an d u n d er 50 in 1,000.................. 50 in 1,000 and u n d er IO jCof total Populatiorr Ky. — V a ........ I d a .... P a ........ M o .. .. M on t. . Io w a. . W y o ... Colo. .. Nebr. . D .C .... M d .. . K a n s .. O hio— W . V a. 100 an d o ver in 1,000. MINNESOTA, ¥[■' I* s s th an 1 in 2,000 " Population______ 1 in 2,000 an d und er 1 in 1,000.................... 1 in 1,000 an d under 5 in 1,000....... ........... 5 in 1,000 and u n d er 10 in 1,000................ 10 in 1,000 an d u n d er 50 in 1,000................ IO£ of total Population 60 in 1,000 a n d u n d e r 100 in 1,000_______ _ J 100 a n d over in 1,0001 NEB RASKA R A T IO OF N A T IV E S to Total Population, R A T IO O F N A T IV E S to Total Population, by States, by States, . 1 8 8 0 . . ________ 1 8 8 0 . KANS. SENN Less th an 1 in 2,000 P opu latio n............. Rank 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I Per State. Cent A r iz ... j N ev---- .1 C a l- .. .2 K a n s .. .3 W y o ... .3 Iowa. . .4 I d a ... .4 Colo. .. .4 W is---.4 O reg. . .5 N ebr. . .5 W a sh . - .8 M on t. . 1.0 D ak . .. M inn. . 38.7 I 1 in 2,000 and u n d er 1 in 1,000............... 1 in 1,000 an d und er 6 in 1,000................... 6 in 1,000 an d u n d er 10 in 1,000................. 10 in 1,000 an d u n d er 60 in 1,000.................. of total Populatiorr Less th an 1 in 2,000 P opulatio n............ 1 in 1,000 an d u n d er 5 in 1,000________ 5 in 1,000 a n d u n d er 10 in 1,000..... ........... 10 in 1,000 an d u n d er 50 in 1,000.................. 60 in 1,000 an d u n d er 100 in 1,000_______ 100 an d o ver in 1,000 1 In 2,000 an d u n d er H ank State. S ! 1 i 15 14 13 12 ii Per Cent A r iz . . .0 iCal. . . . .1 Nev— .1 M o - .. .1 Io w a... .2 U ta h .. .3 O reg. . .4 K ans. . .4 M o n t .. .5 I d a ---.5 Dak. . . .6 C o lo -. .6 W a sh .. .5 W yo._ . 1.8 N e b r .. 10^ of total Population 1jj 1 0 9 8 7 6 6 4 3 2 1 5 1 50 in 1,000 and un d er 100 in 1,000................ 100 a n d over in 1,000 NEW HAMPSHIRE R A T IO OF N A T IV E S to Total Population, R A T IO OF N A T IV E S to Total Population, by States, „ ____ — by States, 1 8 8 0 . ----------- 1 8 8 0 . IOWA. KANS. TENN. s ’ n.uex. Less th a n 1 in 2,000 P opu latio n............. State. Per Cent O reg. . R .I . . . . A r iz ... W y o ... D oJc. .. Ida— Colo. iM o n t. . M in n .. C a l- .. Nev_ _ W a sh .M ass. . N.H. .. iM e—.. .8 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.5 3.8 4.1 Rank 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 in 2,000 an d u n d er 1 in 1,000.................... 1 in 1,000 an d u n d er 5 in 1,000.________ 5 in 1,000 an d u n d er 10 in 1,000................. 10 in 1,000 an d u n d er 50 in 1,000............... _ IO£ of total Populatiorr 50 in 1,000 an d u n d er 100 in 1,000............I 100 a n d o ver in 1,000 j CONNECTICUT, Less th a n 1 in 2,0001 P op u latio n ........... J 1 in 2,000 an d u n d er 1 in 1,000................. J 1 in 1,000 an d u n d er 5 in 1,000.................... 6 in 1,000 an d u n d er 10 in 1,000_______ ,RW 2 H unk SUte. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 D .C .... Conn. . A r iz ... N ev— Colo. .. M o n t. . C a l.. .. D ak . .. M inn. . W y o . .. R .I . . . . M e___ M ass. . V t ........ N .H . .. Per per Cent. Cent .3 .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 .5 .6 1.5 3.0 3.5 70.0 \0% of total 10 in 1,000 an d u n d er 50 in 1,000................. Population 50 in 1,000 an d u n d er 100 in 1,000_______ .100 a n d o v er in 1,000 VERMONT R A T IO OF N A T IV E S to Total Population, R A T IO OF N A T IV E S to Total Population, by States, ____ _ ; NEBR. by States, 1 8 8 0 . _____ 1 8 8 0 . \ KANS. TENN. --Less th an 1 in 2,000 P opu latio n_____ P opulation. Rank State. I 0%of total Populatiorv 1 in 2,000 an d u n d er 1 in 1,000.________ i in 1,000 and u n d er 5 in 1,000________ 6 in 1,000 an d u n d er 10 in 1,000___ 10 in 1,000 an d u n d er 50 in 1,000.................. 60 in 1,000 and u n d er W yo. C a l. . Nev. . N .J — Colo. N .Y . M ass. R .I .. Conn, Per Rank State. Cent 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 A r iz ... N.Y. .. M o n t .. N e v .. . N e b r... I o w a ... M ich . . C o lo ... W y o ... W is. .. D ak . .. M inn. . M ass. . N .H . . . V t ........ .6 .6 .7 .7 .7 .8 .8 .8 .9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 75.8 CO PYRIGH T, 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. 10^ of total Population 1 in 2,000 and u n d er 1 in 1,000................... 1 in 1,000 and u n d er 6 in 1 ,000.................... 5 in 1,000 an d u n d er 10 in 1,000_ ____ _ 10 in 1,000 an d u n d e r I 50 in 1,000.............. _J 50 in 1,000 a n d under 100 in 1,000______ 100 a n d over in 1,00 P l a t e 38 I * O IF IJ L A T I O 1 T F S DEFECTIVE, DEPENDENT AND DELINQUENT CLASSES. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) INSANE. > ----S H N D E X . Ratio to Total Population, 1880. Per R ank State. C ent. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Wyo. _ Ida. .. Nev... Colo. . Ariz. . Dak. ._ Fla. Tex... A rk... [Nebr.. Kans.. Miss. . Utah. . La. ... (la .... S.C.. . Ala. .. N.Mex Del. .. N.C... Minn.. Mont. _ Tenn.. Mo__ Iowa.. W.Va. V a .... Ill...... K y...Mich.. Ind. .. Wash.W is... Pa. ... Md__ iN.J. .. Oreg.. Ohio. . Me.... R.1---Conn.. N. Y... Mass.. Cal.. . N.H... Vt. ... D.C... SCALE: 1 to 2,000 Population. .01 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .09 .09 .09 .09 .10 .10 .10 .10 .11 .11 .12 .12 .13 .14 .14 .15 .15 .15 .15 .15 .15 .16 .16 .17 .17 .17 .19 .19 .19 .21 .21 .22 .23 .24 .27 .27 .28 .28 .30 .80 .52 1 to 1,000 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 SI 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Wyo. . Ariz. . Nev... Mont. . Colo. . Cal__ Dak... D.C... Wash.Ida. .. Nebr.. R.l— Minn.. N .J... N. Mex Utah. . Oreg.. Kans.. La.. .. Mass.. N.Y... Conn.Mich.. Wis... Ill___ Fla. .. Miss. . Md.... Iowa.Tex... Pa... . Mo.... Ga.. .. S.C.. . Ark... Ala. .. Del. .. V a .... Ohio. . N.II... Me.... K y.... W.Va. N.C... Tenn.. lnd. .. Vt.. .. Total — Ida. .. Wyo. . Mont. . Nev... Dak... Nebr.. Oreg.. Colo. . Minn.. Wash.Ai'iz. . N.J. .. [Cal__ Kans.. Mich.. Fla. .. Iowa.. Wis... in___ Tex... Del.'.. Utah. . La. ... P a .... D.C... Ohio. . Miss. . Mass.. Conn.N.Y... W.Va. Md. . . Mo.._. Ga---R .I.-. S.C. .. A la... V a.... Ind. .. N.H... Ark... Me.... K y.... Tenn.N.C... Vt. ... N.Mex 4 to 1,000 5 to 1,000 IN D E X . SCA LE: 1 to 2,000 Population. 1 to 1,000 Ala. . .12 Mo. . .16 Ariz. .46 Mont. 44 Ark.. .13 Nebr. .37 Cal.. .42 Nev.. .45 Colo. .43 N.IL. 8 Conn -26 N.J. . .34 Dak...41 N.Mex 33 Del. . .11 N.Y.. 27 DC.. .40 N.C.. 4 Fla. ..22 Ohio. 9 Ga... .15 Oreg. .31 Ida. _.38 Pa... .17 111. . . .23 R.l. . .36 lnd. . 2B.C. . 14 Iowa. -19 Tenn. 3 Kans. .30 Tex.. 18 Ky... 6 Utah. .32 La.. . 29 Vt... 1 Me... 7 Va... 10 Md.. .20 Wash.-39 Mass. .28 W.Va 5 Mich. .25 Wis.. .24 Minn. -35 Wyo. 47 Miss. .21 Total Idiotic in the United States, 76,895. SCALE: General Ratios. Idiotic. 1 to 2,000 Population. .1 to 1.000 P er C ent. Colored . .14 White.. . .15 2 to 1,000 Foreign.. .05 Native... .16 Female.. .12 Male---- .17 Total---- .15 3 to 1,000 I.C. ■enn. ■ B id . Wt. M----C « C lN D E X . Ratio to Total Population, 1880. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 .18 3 to 1,000 BLIND. R ank State. P er C en t Male...... 2 to 1,000 Female.. Colored . White. -. Native. . Foreign . P er .01 .02 .02 .03 .03 91,997. In san e. Ratio to Total Population, 1880. C ent. Total Insane in the United States, General Ratios IDIOTIC. R ank State. Ala. ..31 Mo... .24 Ariz. 43 Mont. 26 Ark...39 Nebr. .38 Cal. . 4 Nev.. .45 Colo. .44 N.H.. 3 Conn. - 7 N.J. . .13 Dak...42 N.Mex 30 Del. . .29 N.Y.. 6 DC.. 1 N.C. . .28 Fla. . .41 Ohio. .10 Oreg. .11 G a ... Ida. _.46 P a... .14 111.. . .20 R.l. . . 8 lnd. . .17 S.C. . .32 Iowa. -23 Tenn. .25 Kans. -37 Tex.. 40 Ky.-- .19 Utah.. .35 L a... .84 Vt. .. 2 Me... 9 Va . .21 Md.. .13 Wash -16 Mass. 5 W.Va 22 Mich. .18 Wis.. .15 Minn -27 Wyo. .47 Miss. .36 Per Cent. .01 .01 .03 .03 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .06 .06 .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 .08 .08 .08 .08 .08 .08 .08 .09 .09 .09 .09 .09 .09 .09 .10 .10 .10 .10 .10 .11 .11 .11 .11 .11 .12 .12 .12 .13 .13 .14 .29 SCA LE: 1 to 2,000 Population. 1 to 1,000 Ala. . .11 Mo... .15 Ariz. .37 Mont. .45 Ark.. 7 Nebr. .42 Cal.. .35 Nev.. .44 Colo. .40 N.II.. 8 Conn. -19 N.J. . 36 Dak.. .43 N.Mex 1 Del. . 27 N.Y.. 18 D.C.. .23 N.C. . 3 Fla. . .32 Ohio. .22 Ga... .14 Oreg. .41 Ida. . .47 Pa.. . .24 in ... .29 R.1... .13 Ind. . 9 S.C. . .12 Iowa. -31 Tenn. 4 Kans. .34 Tex.. 28 Ky... 5 Utah. .26 La.. . .25 Vt... 2 Me... 6 V a... .10 Md. . .16 Wash -38 Mass. .20 W.Va .17 Mich. .33 Wis.. .30 Minn. .39 Wyo.. .46 Miss. .21 Total Blind in the United States, 48,928. General Ratios. Blind. 2 to 1,000 Per Cent. SCALE: 1 to 2,000 Population. 1 to 1,000 Fem ale.. M ale. . — W h ite ... Colored.. 25 an d over, N ative... Foreign . T o ta l.... .09 E X P L A N A T O R Y .—The* General Ratios are based upon the totals for the whole country, of the several classes represented, and not upon total population, as in the case of state ratios. For example, the total in sane males in the United States are compared with the total male population. 3 to 1,000 C O PYRIG H T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. POPTJL^.TIOIT P l a t e 39 DEFECTIVE, DEPENDENT AND DELINQUENT CLASSES. DEAF MUTES. h— Ratio to Total Population, 1880. Per R ank State. C ent 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Nev... Ariz. . Ida. .. Mont. . Wash.Colo. . Fla. .. Cal.. . N .J... Dak... Tex... Wyo. . Ga---Miss. . R.I— Mass.. Ala. .. La. ... S.C.. . Del. .. N.Mex Oreg.. Nebr.. N.H... v t . ... Minn.. Iowa . Kans. V a.... Ark... Ale— Tenn.Mich.. Ill___ Md.. . P a.... Ohio.. Mo.... N.C... N. Y... Ky.... Utah.. Wis... W.Va. Ind. .. D.C... Conn.- .01 .01 .02 .02 .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 SCALE; 1 to 2,000 Population. 1 to 1,000 .05 Per Deaf M utes. C ent. 2 to 1,000 1 to 2,000 Population. 1 to 1,000 Colored . .04 White.. . Foreign.. Native... 25 and over, Female.. Male___ Total — .06 3 to 1,000 Per C ent. one. Mont. . N Ariz. . .01 La. ... .01 Dak... .01 Wash.- .02 Utah.. .02 Ark... .02 Colo. . .02 N.Mex .03 Tex... .03 Mebr.. .03 Fla. .. .03 Wyo. . .04 Oreg.. .04 Miss. . .04 Ida. .. .05 Kans.- .05 A la ... .06 Minn.. .06 S.C. .. .07 Ga.... .08 Mo.... .08 Tenn.. .09 D.C... .10 K y.... .12 Iowa . .13 N.C... .13 Ill___ .13 Mich.. .14 Md.... .14 Nev... .15 W is... .15 Cal.. . .19 W.Va. .19 R.I— .19 Ind. .. .20 V a.... .20 Ohio.. .23 N.J. .. .26 Del. .. .26 Conn.. .28 Pa. ... .29 N.Y.-. .29 Mass.. .30 v t . .. .47 Me.... .49 N.II... .58 R ank State. -« IN D E X . SCALE: 1 to 2,000 Population. 1 to 1,000 .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 U nder 3 in 10,000 Pop. ____ General Ratios, Paupers. Colored . 2 to 1,000 White. .. Female.. Male...... Per Cent. .08 .14 .12 .14 25 and over, Native . . .10 Foreign . .34 Total__ .13 Note.—'This map and chart of state ratios are based on the total paupers in the several states, while the chart of General Ratios is based on the paupers in almshouses alone—there being 21,598 “ out-door poor,” not classified as colored, white, &c. 3,to 1,000 4 to 1,000 5 to 1,000 RATIO a Ratio to Total Pooulation, 1880. Per C ent. Ala. . .30 Mo... .26 Ark.. .41 Mont. 47 Ariz. .46 Nebr. .37 Cal.. .15 Nev. 17 Colo. .40 N.H.. 1 Conn. 7 N.J. . 0 Dak...44 N.Mex39 Del. . 8 N.Y.. 5 1). c ...24 N.C.. .21 Fla. . .36 Ohio. .10 Ga... .27 Oreg. .34 Ida. . .32 Pa.. . 6 111.. . .20 R.I... .13 Ind. . .12 S.C. . 28 Iowa .22 Tenn. -25 Kans. .31 Tex.. .38 Ky. . .23 Utah. .42 La.. . .45 Vt.. . 3 Me... 2 Va... 11 Md... .18 Wash 43 Mass. 4 W.Va 14 Mich. 19 Wis.. .16 Minn. .29 Wyo. 35 Miss. .33 3 and u n d er 5 in 10,000 Pop. PRISONERS. 47 \N.Mex 46 Utah.. 45 Dak. . 44 Wis... 43 Iow a. 42 Minn.. 41 Del. .. 40 Me.... 39 W.Va. 38 S.C. .. 37 Vt. ... 36 N.H... & Ohio.. 5 34 Ind. .. as Nebr.. 32 K y.... 31 Mo.... 30 Ark... 29 Ida. .. 28 Fla. .. 27 Va— 26 Wash.25 111___ 24 Ala. .. 23 P a .... 22 La---21 R.I— 20 N.C... 19 Miss. . 18 Conn.17 Mich.. 16 15 Kans.14 Oreg. . 13 Md. .. 12 Tenn.11 N .J... 10 Ariz. . 9 N.Y... 8 Colo . 7 Mont.. 6 Tex... 5 Mass.. 4 D.C... 3 Cal. .. 2 Nev... 1 Wyo. . U nder 3 in 10,000 Pop............. General Ratios. Ratio to Total Population, 1880. R ank State. « T IN D E X . Ala. . .31 Mo... .10 Ariz. .46 Mont. .44 Ark.. .lSlNebr. .25 Cal.. .40 Nev.. .47 Colo. .42 N.H.. .24 Conn - 1 N.J. . .39 Dak.. 38 N.Mex 21 Pel. . 28 N.Y.. 8 DC.. 2 N.C.. 9 Fla. . 41 Ohio. 11 Ga... .35 Oreg. .26 Ida. ..45 Pa... .12 .33 111. . . .14 R.J.— Ind. . 3 S.C. . 29 Iowa 21 Tenn. -16 Kans -20 Tex.. 37 Ky .. 7 Utah. 6 L a... .30 Vt. .. 23 Me... .17 Va... .19 Md. . .13 Wash -43 Mass. .32 W.Va 4 Mich. .15 Wis.. 5 Minn -22 Wyo. .36 Miss. .134 S an d u n d er 5 in 10,000 Top. PAUPERS. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 89 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 8 2 1 (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) SCALE. 1 to 2,000 Population. 1 to. 1,000 IN D E X . Ala. .24 Mo... .31 Ariz. .1C Mont. 7 Ark.. .30 Nebr. -33 CaL. . 3 Nev.. 2 Colo. . 8 N.II.. .36 Conn. -18 N.J. . .11 Dak. ..45 N.Mex47 Del. . .41 N.Y.. 9 DC.. 4 N.C.. .20 Fla. ..28 Ohio. .35 Ga... .16 Oreg. .14 Ida. . 39 Pa... .23 111.. . .88 ILL-- .21 Ind. . 34 S.C. ..38 Iowa .43 Tenn. -12 Kans. -15 Tex.. 6 Ky... .32 Utah. .46 La... .22 Vt.. . .37 Me... .40 Va... 27 Md. . .13 Wash -26 Mass. 5 W.Va 39 Mich. .17 Wis.. .44 Minn. .42 Wyo.. . 1 Miss. .19 Total Prisoners In the United States, 59,255. U nder 3 in 10,000 Pop. -------3 an d u n d er 5 in 10,000 Pop. General Ratios. 2 to 1,000 P riso n e rs . Per C e n t. Native... Foreign . Female.. Male. . . . .0 2 W h ite ... Colored.. Total---- .1 1 3 to 1,000 C O PYR IG H T , 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. V —M o r t a l i t y IN D E X TO P L A T E S . W HOOPING COUGH. DEATHS UNDER ONE AND UNDER FIVE YEARS.............................................................Plate 40 M EASLES................. Plate 45 R a t io o f D e a th s to A g g r e g a t e D e a th s. R a t io o f T o ta l to A g g r e g a t e D e a th s. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. EXPECTATION OF LIFE. CONSUMPTION. Plate 41 A m o n g N a tiv e W h i t e M a le s , b y A g e s . R a t io o f D e a th s to A g g r e g a t e D e a th s . NERVOUS SYSTEM. DIARRHCEAL DIS EASES .............................................................Plate 42 LIFE INSURANCE EXPERIENCE (MALES). Plate 47 D e a th s fro m S e le c te d D is e a se s , b y S ta te s. R a t io o f D e a th s to A g g r e g a t e D e a th s . DIPHTHERIA. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.............. Plate 43 LIFE INSURANCE EXPERIENCE (BOTH SEXES)................................................... Plates 48-49 R a tio o f D e a th s to A g g r e g a t e D e a th s . ENTERIC FEVER. SCARLET FEVER............Plate 44 P r in c ip a l C a u s e s o f D e a th , b y Y e a r s o f In s u ra n c e . A m e r ic a n a n d E n g lis h E x p e r ie n c e . R a t io o f D e a th s to A g g r e g a t e D e a th s. I l l G e n e r a l . — The total number of deaths In the states of New Jersey and Massa reported by the Tenth Census, as occurring in chusetts, in the District of Columbia, and in the country during the year 1880, was 756,893, the making the death rate 15.1 in 1,000. Chicago, In 1870 DEATH RATE. . . Plate 46 cities of Baltimore, Cincinnati, Bangor, Charleston, the death rate shown by the reported number Indianapolis, Louisville, of deaths was 12.8, and in i860 it was 12.5. Nashville, T h is apparent increase in the death rate is due delphia, simply to the fact that more effective measures St. Louis, Brooklyn, Cleveland, Milwaukee, Mobile, New Orleans, New York, Phila among colored infants, that of colored adults being only slightly in excess of the whites. The death rate among males was slightly greater than among females. female deaths there For every 1,000 occurred 1,074 male deaths; showing a male death rate of 15.35 Richmond, and a female death rate of 14.81 per thousand. San Francisco and Wilmington, This excess is probably .due, however, to the were taken for securing full returns than by registers of deaths are kept, which are pre greater number of unreported deaths of females. preceding censuses. sumably quite full and accurate. Pittsburgh, Providence, Comparing O f the total number of deaths among males According to these returns with those of the enumerators, whose ages were reported, those at less than the estimate of Dr. J. S. Billings, under whose Dr. Billings has arrived at the conclusion that one year of age formed 24.80 per cent., while direction the reports were compiled, not over the actual average death rate in this country, the deaths of females less than one year of 70 per cent, of the total number of deaths were in 1880, was certainly between 17 and age formed but 21.54 per cent, of the whole reported. The deficiencies are probably greatest per in the more sparsely settled regions, and in the 18.2 per thousand. H e contrasts this with deaths of males under five years of age were Southern states; they are doubtless greater the death England, 20.5, of 41.95 per cent, of all male deaths, while the among the colored race than among whites, Scotland, 21.3 per thousand. The reason for deaths of females under five years were but among females than among males, among the smaller annual death rate in this country foreigners than among infants may be found in the abundance, cheapness The returns for 1880 were, however, still far from complete. natives, and The statistics of mortality reported by this census are, of course, inadequate for such purposes as forming life-tables, in which the rate and of was probably nearly and number of female deaths. Similarly, the 38.19 per cent, of all female deaths. O f the whole number of deaths concerning everywhere which the age at death was reported, 8.76 per obtainable, and in the fact that the population cent, were between the ages of five and fifteen; is not overcrowded. 29.96 per cent, were between fifteen and sixty, and than adults. thousand, 19 excellent quality of food O f the whites, the death rate per thousand and 17.24 per cent, over sixty. For was 14.74, according to the census returns. comparative purposes, however, as illustrating That of the colored race was decidedly greater, T h e P lates .— The the relative proportions of deaths by different being not less than 17.28 per thousand. As 40 to 45, inclusive, have been constructed on a diseases, the relative prevalence of certain the omissions were, doubtless, much greater in plan different from that elsewhere employed in diseases in different sections of the country, the case of the colored than the white element, the charts. the relative mortality of the white and colored the actual death rate would show a still greater certain races, etc., they are of the greatest value, disparity between the two classes. one another in topography, climate and other although the results are affected, to a minor proportion of deaths among the colored race conditions affecting mortality. extent, by the omissions above mentioned. is accounted for mainly by the great mortality are sub-divided by state lines, and the divisions total number of deaths is required. The higher maps given on Plates The country has been divided into characteristic regions, differing from These regions SCRIBNER'S STA TISTICA L ATLAS. liv of the states, resulting therefrom, 111 in num most of which is yet unsettled, a Mississippi settled, have the largest proportion of urban ber, have been used as the units of the maps. river belt, a small area lying between the two population, and in this section the comforts and just mentioned, together with the prairie region refinements of civilization are most widely Massachusetts and Connecticut are each divided in the southwestern part of the state. diffused. into two parts: that adjacent to the Atlantic consists of narrow strips along the Mississippi of coast and the hilly or mountainous interior. and Missouri rivers, with a large interior of country, but this fact is sufficient to account Vermont lies entirely in the hilly region, while prairie. for only a very small part of the difference in Rhode Island is wholly in the region subjected strips bordering its two great rivers, a prairie the rate of infantile mortality. to direct oceanic influences. region in the northern part and a timbered, at hand corroborate the general law, that the New Y ork has five sub-divisions, as follows: broken country in the southern part of the state. higher the degree of civilization the less the A small area in the southeast corner, adjacent Dakota and Nebraska contain, together with birth rate, and the smaller the mortality among to the coast, the Catskill and the Adirondack the narrow strip along the Missouri, a prairie regions, the more or less hilly interior, and the region on the east, and a portion of the Great The greater mortality among the young in portion bordering Lakes Erie and Ontario. Plains on the west, while Kansas is divided the Southern states, is doubtless due in part to Pennsylvania has three sections: that of the between the last two named regions. the preponderance of the colored element in the Appalachians, in the middle of the state, with comprises a coast section, an interior largely population. the plateau and hill country on either side, covered with forests, and the western portion complete returns from this class, the number of forming the eastern and western divisions. of the state which corresponds to the western deaths is probably understated. New Jersey and Maryland have each a coast sections of Dakota, Nebraska and Kansas. The states of Maine, New Hampshire, and a mountainous section, while Delaware and the District of Columbia are entirely Iowa In Missouri there are, besides the Texas families is less than elsewhere in the A ll the facts the young. Owing to the difficulty of getting The high ratio of infantile mortality in The areas of Montana, W yoming, Colorado and It is true that here the average size New Mexico, are divided between the Utah is worthy of note, in connection with the practice of polygamy. In most of the other Great Plains and the Cordilleran mountain within the coast region. The states of Virginia, North and South territories and W estern states the proportion is region. low, manifestly because of the small proportion T o the latter belong also the entire which children bear to the total population. Carolina, Georgia and Alabama are each divided areas of Idaho, Utah, Nevada and Arizona, into three sections, comprising the low, and with the eastern parts of California, Oregon largely swampy coast, the hilly or mountainous and Washington Territory. portion, and the plain or plateau lying between region includes the western parts of the three D eaths fro m D ifferent Classes of Diseases.— O f the total number of deaths them. last named. reported by the Census, the cause of death was Florida as a whole belongs to the coast region. Mississippi and Louisiana also are These sections The Pacific coast having been outlined given in 733,840 cases. The following table divided into three sections: the coast, the allu without direct reference to the prevalence of gives vial lands of the Mississippi, and the upland particular diseases, may or may not coincide principal diseases, or groups of diseases, with plains. with areas of different shades of color. the proportion which each bears to the total Arkansas comprises the upland plains the number of deaths due to ten .! S . In Tennessee there are five areas, compris the series of maps on Plates 41 to 45 inclusive, ing the mountain region in the east, the central which treat of the relative prevalence of princi basin-like area, the plateau in the western part pal diseases, as shown by the census returns; of the state, and a narrow strip of alluvial land hence a given shade indicates on all these on the Mississippi. Kentucky has four sec maps the same proportion of the total deaths. tions : the mountain region in the east, the A deep shade, indicating a high proportion central region of rolling, hilly country, and the strips along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. W est Virginia comprises two sections: that of number of deaths, of which the causes were—reported: N umber of D eaths . C auses . D is e a s e s o f th e r e s p ir a t o r y s y s t e m ............. 10 7 ,9 0 4 P ercentage of all D eaths . 1 4 .7 0 00 The scale of color is the same throughout M 10 and the alluvial lands bordering the Mississippi. C o n s u m p t io n .............................................................. 9 I ,5 5 I D is e a s e s o f th e n e r v o u s s y s t e m ..................... 8 3 ,6 70 1 1 .4 0 of deaths, does not, however, necessarily imply D ia r r h e a l d i s e a s e s .................................................. 6 5 ,5 6 5 8 .9 4 that a locality is especially favorable to the D i p h t h e r i a .................................................................... 3 8 ,3 9 8 5 -2 3 prevalence of the disease. D is e a s e s o f th e d ig e s t i v e s y s t e m .................. 3 4 ,0 9 4 4 .6 4 E n t e r i c f e v e r .............................................................. 22,905 3.12 It may indicate, on the mountains and that bordering the Ohio the contrary, that, on account of its real or S c a r le t f e v e r ............................................................... 1 6 ,4 1 6 2 . 24 river. fancied healthfulness, the region is one fre W h o o p in g c o u g h .................................................... 11,202 !- 5 3 quented by invalids beyond recovery, whose M e a s l e s ......................................................................... 8 ,7 7 2 00 M M Ohio and Indiana are sub-divided into three areas: that bordering on Lake Erie and deaths unduly swell the proportion. Lake Michigan, that of the Ohio valley, and a noticeably the case with the California coast Deaths from diseases of the respiratory middle region which is level or rolling, in the region, and parts of Minnesota, which have organs were much less prevalent along the latter state approaching the character of prairie. been much sought by consumptives. coast than in the interior of the country, This is Illinois is similarly divided into a lake region showing that the uniform climatical conditions, and a Mississippi river belt, with a larger cen M o r t a lit y o f In fa n ts .— The maps induced by the presence of large bodies of tral section of prairie. upon Plate 40, show the proportion which the water, are favorable to immunity from this Michigan contains two areas, one bordering deaths under the ages of one and of five years class of diseases, while the extremes of a on the lakes, and a heavily-timbered interior respectively bear to the total deaths. It appears continental climate are correspondingly un section. Wisconsin has, besides two areas that the proportion of deaths in the earlier years favorable. These affections were very prevalent corresponding to those of Michigan, a prairie is very much smaller in the northern than in in region in the southern part, and a narrow belt the southern Mississippi valley. along the Mississippi.* Minnesota has four sec decidedly the smallest in the North Atlantic Cordilleran region, in the Pacific states, and tions: the heavily-timbered northern portion, group of states. especially in the coast region of California, part of the country, and is These are the most densely the central and western parts of the In the higher parts of the M ORTALITY. the large distributed over the country with great uni least mortality was in Rhode Island, w h ere, troubles is doubtless due to the number of formity. only 0.02 per cent, of all deaths were chargeable invalids, suffering from such diseases, who to the total deaths reported, which was, in the have resorted to these sections in the vain country at large, 4.64 per cent., ranged among One very important practical point has been hope of recovery. the different states only from 2.8 per cent, in brought out forcibly by Dr. Billings’ discussion by Vermont, to 6.27 per cent, in South Carolina. of these statistics. The disease W ith scarcely an exception, it was greatest in due to blood poisoning, such as diphtheria and was also very prevalent in New York, southern the Southern states, owing to some extent to enteric and malarial fevers, the mortality is Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee. The Southern the climate, and largely to disregard of proper decidedly less in the large, well-sewered cities, states, with the exception of the two above diet and the prevalence of rude cookery. which have general systems of water supply, The proportion of deaths from lung lv ^ region primarily most affected consumption was New England. The ratio of deaths from this cause to this disease. In the case of all diseases Typhoid fevers appear to have been least than in the rural districts and small towns prevalent in the North Atlantic states, showing where water is obtained from wells, and where Diseases of the nervous system were most that the attention given to drainage, sewerage, excreta are stored in cess-pools and vaults. prevalent in the North Atlantic states and in etc., offsets the ill-effects which follow the Thus, in the lake region, in the cities, 7.82 per Ohio, where they accompany the large urban condensation In the South cent, of all deaths were from diphtheria, while population, the close settlement, and the pre Atlantic region, and in the Mississippi valley, in the rural districts and small towns 8.41 per ponderance of professional employments and the disease was more prominent. cent, w e r' due to this disease. of manufactures. Under these conditions the speaking, it was less prevalent in the northern enteric fever, in the same region, the corre struggle for a livelihood is more intense than than in the southern parts of the country, a sponding proportions were 1.72 and 2.73; in in agricultural sections, and the result of the warm climate appearing to be more favorable the North Atlantic region, 1.63 and 2.00, and greater wear of the nervous system is plainly for its development than a cold one. in the Gulf coast region 0.77 and 3.00 per cent. mentioned, were comparatively exempt from this scourge. of population. Generally In the case of i shown. These diseases are prevalent in a Scarlet fever, so common and so fatal secondary degree in the central part of the among children, was confined in its range quite as striking. Mississippi valley, from the Gulf coast to the almost entirely to the Northern states, where, portions were 0.83 and 1.12; in the North great lakes, and along the South Atlantic as in the case of diphtheria, the facilities for Atlantic region, 0.30 and 0.54, and on the Gulf coast, as well as throughout California and spreading, consequent upon dense settlement coast 4.48 and 7.76 per cent. western Oregon. and more general intercommunication, are very The proportion is small in eastern Kentucky and Tennessee, in Alabama, and in the inland portions of North and South The results in the case of malarial fevers are In the lake region, the pro The exhibits on Plate 46 of the “ expecta tion of life” among native white males, at great. In the South the proportion of deaths from different ages from birth up to one hundred * Carolina and Georgia. It is still smaller in this disease was trifling, amounting in nearly years, an most of the Cordilleran region and upon the every state south of Mason and Dixon’s line of each 100,000 of the same class, are based on Great Plains. and the Ohio river, to less than one per cent. tables prepared by Levi W . Meech, actuary, Diarrheal diseases appear to be relatively The highest proportion in the country was in from the mortality statistics of the census of most prevalent in the prairie region and upon W yoming, where, owing to an epidemic during i860 and that of 1880. the South Atlantic plain, with a marked tend the census year, it was 19.57 per cent, of all ency also toward the Southern Central section. deaths. Next to W yom ing was the crowded increases up to the age of four years, the boy The proportion is smallest in the W est and in little state of Rhode Island, in which 11.48 per who has reached this age having an expecta northern New England. cent, of the deaths were due to this disease. tion greater by over ten years than at birth. The southern coast of the death rate in successive years The chart shows that the expectation of life region, with the exception of that of Louisiana, Deaths from whooping cough were rela does not appear to be especially subject to tively more abundant in the South than in advantage is gradually lost, and the youth of * diarrheal disease; indeed, the reverse is the the North, and least abundant in the North twenty has only about the same chances of life case. Atlantic states, although doubtless the disease as the new-born infant. Diphtheria is vastly more prevalent in the was quite as prevalent there as elsewhere. four and one hundred does the expectation North, and particularly so in the Northwest, W hile few children escape it, the proportion diminish in an equal ratio with the number of than in the South. of deaths is very small. years elapsed. This is mainly the result During the census Between the ages of four and twenty this A t no age between Between the ages of twenty of the severity of the climate, together with the year it caused only 1.53 of all and forty, for example, the expectation dimin facilities for spreading this contagious disease deaths, the ratio ranging in the different states ishes by about thirteen years, and a like amount offered by the denser population of the former 'from 0.26 per cent, in New Hampshire, to the between forty and sixty, while between sixty region. unusually large proportion of 7.30 per cent, in and eighty it decreases but 9.52, and between New Mexico. eighty and one hundred only 4.06 years, show In Utah nearly one-third of all deaths, in Dakota nearly one-fourth, and in Nebraska, Minnesota and Idaho, one-sixth, were caused by diphtheria. Passing to the other extreme, per cent, The distribution of deaths by measles was very similar to that of whooping cough. The ing a much smaller rate of decrease for the latter periods. the deaths from this cause were less than one- Southern states suffered the greatest mortality, half of one per cent, in the District of Columbia and the North Atlantic states the least. The than 16.2 per cent, die before reaching the age and in New Mexico, while in but one of the lines were not as closely drawn, however, as in of one year; of those who survive, 6.41 per cent, Southern states (W est Virginia) did the pro the case of whooping cough. The greatest die before reaching the age of two years, and portion reach five per cent. mortality was in New Mexico, Kansas, Colorado of the remainder, 3.59 per cent, die before the and Nebraska, while following them, in almost age of three. unbroken line, come the Southern states. between the ages of thirteen and fourteen. Deaths from diseases of the digestive system, as would naturally be expected, were The Out of 100,000 native white males, no less The smallest death-rate occurs SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS. lvi Not until the age of seventy-two does the These facts appear to disprove the oft- and injuries. For all diseases, the average death-rate equal that between the ages of repeated statement and popular belief that duration of the protective effect of examinations one and two, and not until eighty-four does Americans, especially those of mature years, is about two and one-half years, in the case of it exceed that of infants under one year of age. and those engaged in occupations which tax selected liv e s; while, if the rejected lives were the brain and nervous system, live too fast and included in the average death-rate for the L ife In su ran ce E x p e rie n c e —The wear out the vital energies early. whole insurance period, it would be seen to be Plates numbered from 47 to 49, inclusive, remembered that this is the very class which are thirty indulges in the luxury of life insurance, and this American life insurance companies, comprising comparison seems to indicate that, granting insured persons was, by the American tables, not far from 1,000,000 lives, as published in that Americans live at high pressure, then that for males, 10^ per thousand. “ Systems and Tables of Life Insurance,” 1881, condition is more favorable to longevity than was somewhat greater, being 1 1£ per thousand. by Levi W . Meech. the slower life of the mother-country. Am ong the causes of mortality, consumption based upon the experience of The statistics which they present are those, not of the mass of the population, but of selected lives, and are, It should be Another popular belief is dispelled by the above-mentioned concluding diagram upon For a generation American women much greater. The average mortality per year among For females it holds the first place among specific diseases, causing 1^ deaths per thousand among males, and 2^ among females. The following table therefore, much more favorable to longevity Plate 49. than the statistics of the census would be, were have been derided for their alleged physical shows the number of deaths per thousand they complete. inferiority to their English sisters, who have persons insured, caused by each of the princi The following table exhibits the expectation been held up as models of health and strength. pal diseases: of life, as given by seven different authorities. In consequence reformers have urged upon The first six columns, abstracted from the American women the adoption article on life insurance in the Encyclopaedia modes of life as a means of attaining, in a Britannica, ninth edition, are from English larger proportion, to the health and long life experience, while the seventh is taken from popularly ascribed Meech’s tabulation of the returns of the United W hether the fact be reassuring or not, life States census, mentioned D eath s. of English F em ale. to the Male. 1 .8 6 •78 English women. 4 8 .8 3 4 1 .4 6 4 1 .0 6 I n st it u t e of A c t u a r ie s . 1869. S e v en tee n O f fic e s E x p e r ie n c e . 1843. 4 8 .3 2 4 8 .3 6 5 0 .2 9 41-37 4 1 .4 9 4 2 .0 6 A m erican M ales. (M e e c h .) 4 8 .8 2 •63 .6 6 tables appear to indicate that, of the two, •45 .6 4 •52 •53 Od •49 A comparison of the diagrams on Plates E nglish N o. 3. M a l e s . 1864. I O ....................... 2 0 ....................... E q u it a b l e . (M o r g a n .) 1834. A ge. E q u it a b l e . (D a v ie s .) 1825. C a r l is l e . 1815. page; •77 American women are the longer lived. on the preceding •17 47-°5 4 8 .4 4 39-48 4 0 .8 7 .2 8 48 and 49, develops the fact that deaths from zymotic diseases, as well as from accidents •36 . 22 and injuries, present a striking exception to 34-53 34-43 3 4 .6 8 3 2 .7 6 34-51 4 ° ........................ 2 7 .6 1 5 ° ........................ 21 . I I 2 7 .4 0 2 7 .4 0 2 7 .2 8 2 7 .4 0 20.83 2 0 .3 6 6 N 6 0 ........................ 14 -3 4 15 .0 6 I 3-9 I 13-77 7 ° ........................ 9 .1 8 9 .8 4 8 .7 0 8-54 8 0 ........................ 5 -5 i 5-38 4-75 4 .7 8 9 ° ........................ 3 .2 8 2 .6 5 2 .5 6 2. I I 2 6 .0 6 2 7 .8 8 2 0 .3 1 19-54 2 1 .2 2 13 -8 3 13-53 14-93 C O Ca O 33-98 00 3 ° ........................ 34-34 8-45 9 -5 1 4 .7 2 4-93 5 -4 i 2 .3 6 2 .8 4 2 .7 6 .2 1 . 20 .1 9 the rule that, during the early years of insur .2 7 .1 8 ance, medical examination serves as a material .2 7 .1 8 protection to the companies. . 26 .1 8 C a n c e r ............................................................................................. Thus the death-rate from the class of con stitutional diseases is .63 for the first year of • 17 B r o n c h i t i s a n d p l e u r i s y ...................................................... . 16 •17 • !5 insurance, 1.53 for the second, and 2.25 for the .0 8 .I2 third year, per thousand males insured, as . 16 . 11 It will be seen that the American expecta against an average of 2.35 for the entire period •°5 . 11 tion of male life is greater at all ages, the of insurance, showing that for these diseases . 12 . IO excess in several cases being more than a year, medical examination is an effective protection although the American expectation is computed until after the third year. for all lives, while the English experience deaths from zymotic diseases average 2.37 for Aside from those causes of death peculiar covers only selected lives, as above stated. the first, 1.9 for the second, and 1.88 for the to women, it appears that females are more The comparison of selected lives in the two third year, all being in excess of the average of liable to diseases of the lungs and of the countries, given in the diagram at the foot of 1.83 for the entire period of insurance. There digestive organs, while males are more subject Plate 49, shows a still greater difference in is a similar contrast between zymotic diseases to accident, and more frequently victims to dis favor of American longevity. and all other causes of death, except accidents eases of the brain and the nervous system. I .0 4 D is e a s e s o f th e b r e a s t a n d u t e r u s ............................. •58 On the other hand, IM Z O IR T .A .IL iIT ^ P l a t e 40 R A T IO OF TOTAL DEATHS UNDER ONE YEAR, h ;4'i.'■ '£ ;v o .;v $ >^ j 4 - °^G I U n d e r 150 in 1,000, HI i i| ipmiI| l J1 I j| |! | !|| 11 I 8 Ratio o f Total Deaths under One Year, to A g g re „„ Rank State. __________ Le°‘P a .... Mass.. Mich.. W is... 150 and m nd er 175 in 1,000. hh gate Deaths, by States, 1880. SCALE: 2* 4* 6* 8* 10*12*14* 16*18*20*22* La. ... Ind. .. Ohlo.. N.Mex 276 an d over. U.S.... N.Y... N.J. .. Ark... W.Va. Miss. . Del. .. S.C. .. N.C... Nebr.. Tenn.. U n settled p arts. Ratio, continued, SCALE: Cent. INDEX, 2 * 4% 6% 8% 10 *1 2 % Me... N.H.. Vt. .. Ida. . Nev.. Mn o t. ni_ _ Ky.... V a.... Minn.. Ala. .. Kans.. Mo.... Conn. Colo. W . ash Oreg. Cal. . W. yo Arlz. U tah.. G a .... Tex... Md.... R .I ... Fla. . Iow a D.C... Dak.. R A T IO OF TOTAL DEATHS UNDER FIVE YEARS, TO AG GREGATE D EATH S. M i / ) ' 'l l : U n d e r 200 in 1,000. Ratio o f Total Deaths under Five Years, to A g g re gate Deaths, by States, 1880. SCALE: Per Rank State. Cent. _________2* 4* 6* 8* 10*12* Id* 16* 18* 20*22* 24* 2G* 28* 30*32*34* 3G* 38*40* 30 P a . ... 29 N.J. .. 28 La. ... 27 Fla. .. 38.33 26 Wis... 38.49 25 Del. .. 38.96 24 Ind. .. 23 Iowa.. U.S,... INDEX, 22 Tenn.. 21 Miss. . 41.04 .20IN.C... 9 20 Ky.... 19 Va.... 41.81 18 W. Va. 42.10 ... 42.63 17 Dak 16 Mo.... 43.18 15 m ___ 43.47 14 Minn.. 43.67 13 A rk ... 12 Ala. .. 44.30 1 S.C. .. 44.83 1 10 Md. .. 45.68 9 N .C... 45.70 8 Tex... 46.50 7 D.C... 46.54 6 Ga. ... 46.87 5 N ilex . 4 Wo . y. 3 Kans.. 2 Nebr.. Jh 1 T ta .. 200 an d u n d er 300 in 1,000 '' ' T ® “ fadluouvl LtstG v U 500 an d over, Ratio, continued, U n settled p a rts SCALE: 2* 4* 6* 8* 10*12*14* 10* 18*20*22* 20.88 22.56 24.10 24.58 27.49 28.14 29.20 29.70 31.88 34.83 35.04 35.13 35.68 86.45 36.98 37.71 37.85 CO PYRIG H T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. MORT. P l a t e 41 R A TIO OF D E A T H S FROM DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM No d eaths reported. U nder 10 in 1,000. 10 an d u n d e r 30 in 1,000. Ratio o f Deaths from Diseases o f the Respiratory System, to A g gre ga te Deaths, by States,-1880. Per Per C ent. R ank R u t * . State. R an k 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Wis... Wash.V a.... Del. .. Mont. . Cal. .. Mass.. Conn.. N .J... V t.... Ga___ Ida... N.Y... K y.... Dak... La. ... Nebr.. Iowa.. Tenn.. Ala. .. Tex... Ind. .. m . . .. Kans.. Miss. . Mo. .. Utah.. Ark... Colo. . Nev... SCALE! 12.92 12.92 13.09 13.13 150 an d over, 13.91 14.22 14.24 14.39 14.39 14.41 14.48 14.02 14.81 15.05 15.12 15.75 15.90 16.43 16.92 18.36 18.56 18.93 Ratio, continued, INDEX. 11 Ky. ...17 .41 La___15 3 Me....43 25 Md__ 39 Pa......32 2 Mass. .24 R. 23 Mich. .35 S. C. ..34 16 Minn..44 Tenn..l2 27 Miss. . 6 Tex...10 33 Mo.... 5 Utah.. 4 45 Mont. .26 Vt. ...21 20 Nebr..14 V a-..28 19Nev... 1 Wash.-29 8N.H...42 W.Va. 31 9N.J. ..22 Wis. ..30 .13 N.Mex 37 Wyo. .36 Kans. 7 N.Y. R ank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 I....46 Oreg.. R.I— Fla. .. Minn.. Me.... N.II... Arlz. . Ohio.. Md.... N.C... N. Mex Wyo. . Mich.. S.C. .. D.C... Pa. ... W.Va. U nsettled p a rts Per Cent. 10.95 10.95 12.05 12.06 R A T IO OF D E A T H S FROM v-'i i i •.'.-v ;.W-T / p •'/::: S iS S i pH:0;' / ■ \ ■ / .B B ii n ••• l*o d e a th s rep o rted . • U nder 10 in 1,000. Ratio o f Deaths from Consumption, to A g gre ga te 10 an d u n d er 30 in 1,000. Deaths, by States, 1880. — R ank ----------- T T l S ta te . ___________ CeDt- SCALE: 2% 4% 6% 8% ^ to vvo u L a ... . Wis. .. Oreg.. Va. . . Ind. .. P a .... W .Va. Mich.. Wash.- Ohio.. M d.... N .J... Term.. N.Y... R .I_ Conn.. N.H... Cal. .. 150 a n d over, Ratio, continued, INDEX, R ank State. 47 146 45 44 43 42 41 40 89 38 37 86 85 34 33 32 31 CO PYRIG H T, 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. Per Cent. N. Mex 2.05 Wyo. . 2.64 XJtoh.. 2.85 Mont.. Arlz. . Ark... Tex... Ida. .. Nebr.. Kans.. Ga.... Colo. Fla. .. Nev... Miss. . Dak... Minn.. U nsettled p a rts. SCALE: M O R TALITY P l a t e 42 R A T IO OF D E A T H S FRO M (B ased on th e R e tu rn s of th e Tenth Census.') -' No d eaths reported. U nder 10 in 1,000. Ratio o f Deaths from Diseases o f tne Nervous System, 10 an d u n d er 30 in 1,000. to A g gre ga te Deaths, by States, 1880. R ank SCALEl S ta te . Ala. .. Ark... Mich.. Oreg.. Miss. . Tex... Iowa.W.Va. V a .... Wis... K y.... Ind. .. Mo.... Cal.... Fla. .. Ill___ N .Y.Mass.. Me.... Vt. ... La. ... Md.... R.I.... D.C... P a .... Del. .. N.H.__ Ohio.. Conn.. 150 a n d over, IN D E X , Ratio, continued, U nsettled p a rts. SCALE, N.Mex Wyo. . Ariz. . Colo. . Nebr.. Nev... Utah.. Dak. .. Wash.N.C... Mont.. Ida. .. Minn.. Kans.. G a.... Tenn.. R A TIO OF D E A T H S FROM DIARRHEAL DISEASES, No d eath s reported . U nd er 10 in 1,000. Ratio o f Deaths from Diarrheal Diseases, to Shreveport 10 an d u n d er 30 in 1,000. A g gre ga te Deaths, by States, 1880. R ank State. 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Per C ent. Wash.W.Va. P a.... Mich.. Mass.. Tenn. Ala. .. Wis... S.C. .. N.Y... K y ..La. ... Oreg.. Ohio.. Nebr.. N.J. .. Ark... G a.... Ind. .. 9.23 V a.... 9.24 Del. .. Minn.. N.C... Iow a. 111___ Aid.... Mo.... Kans.. D.C... Tex... 13.75 'M\ 150 an d over, \ IN D E X , N.C... 8 Ohio.-IT Oreg. .18 Pa. — 28 K.I....32 S.C. ..22 Tenn..25 Tex... 1 Utah. . 42 Vt. ...40 Va_ 11 _ Wash. -30 W.Va.29 W is...23 Wyo. .46 Ratio, continued, R ank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. Per Cent. N.Mex 2.46 Wyo. . Ida. .. Me.... Cal. .. Utah.. Ariz. . Vt. ... Dak... N.H... Mont. . Colo.. Nev... Conn.Miss. . R.I— Fla. .. W U nsettled p a rts . n V L O I R T - A - I j IT ^ S T P l a t e 43 R A T IO OF D E A T H S F RO M DIPHTHERIA, TO AGGREGATE DEATH S. Ratio of Deaths from Diphtheria, to A ggre gate Deaths, by States, 1880, D.C... Fla. .. Tex... Ariz. . Ark. .. La.... Ala. .. Miss. . Ky.— V a.... Nev... Conn.. Mo— Ga---N .J... Tenn.. Cal.. . Ind. .. S.C. .. Md.... Del. .. N.Y... N.C... Mass.. R.I— Ohio.. Ill...... Vt. ... N.H... W. Va. Kans.. M ont. . Pa.... Me.... INDEX. Oree. Mich. Iowa Wis.. Wash. Ida. . Minn. Nebr. Dak.. Utah. Ind" "29 n !j .'-.S2 Iow a. 8W.Mex47 Kans.-lGlN.Y—25 R A TIO OF D E A T H S FRO M DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (B ased on th e ^Returns of th e Tenth Census.) mMMm. Ratio o f Deaths from Diseases o f the Digestive System, to Aggre gate Deaths, by States, 1880. R an k S ta te . Per C e n t. 47 v t .... 2 .8 0 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 w 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 Utah.. 2.94 Wyo. . 3.17 R .I .... 3.35 Ind. .. Me.... Colo.. Nev... 3.70 A la ... 3.70 Del. .. Pa.... Mass.. Dak... Oreg.. Conn.K y.... Nebr.. 4.04 Wash.- 4.10 Mich.. 4.19 Kans.. 4.24 W. Va. 4.31 N.H... 4.31 Md. .. 4.39 Iowa. 4.41 N .J... 4.44 Mont.. 4.46 Mo.... 4.46 N.Y... Ohio.. 4.63 Ark... 4.64 m ............ 4.66 Wis... N.C... Tenn.. 4.77 Cal. .. 4.91 Minn.. Miss. . D.C... Ida. .. 5.26 V a.... 5.26 Tex... V . ilex Ariz. . 5 . 4 9 Fla. .. 5 . 6 9 L a.... 5 . 9 7 G a.... 6 . 1 5 S.C. .. 6 . 2 7 2To d eath s rep o rted . U nd er 10 in 1,000. .10 an d u n d e r 30 in 1,000____ INDEX, Ky....32 N.C. ..15 La. . .. 3 Ohio-19 M e....42 Oreg. .34 Md. ..25 Pa. ...37 Mass. .36 R. Mich. .29 S. C. .. 1 Minn. .12 Tenn. .14 Miss. .11 Tex... 7 Mo..-.21 Utah. AS Vt. ...47 V a .... 8 Wash.- 30 W.Va.27 Wis.-.16 Wyo. .45 H U nsettled p a rts. I. -.4 4 CO PYRIG H T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SONS. MOBTALI TT P l a t e 44 R A T IO OF D E A T H S FRO M ENTERIC (TYPHOID) FEVER (B ased on th e R etu rn s of the Tenth Census.) M B H i SttS ss Ratio o f Deaths from Enteric (Typhoid) Fever, to A g gregate Deaths, by States, 1880. scale: R ank S ta te . 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 2)1 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 N.Y... N.J. .. Wyo. . R.I.— Mass.. D.C... Wash.Me.... N.Mex La. ... N.H... Conn.. Miss. . Utah.. Ney... Vt. ... Mont. . W is... Cal. .. Pa. ... Dak... V a .... Mich.. Md.... A rk... Colo. . W. Va. Fla. .. Ohio.. Del. .. Per C e n t. WMzm 1.42 1.51 1.58 1.78 1.87 1.95 1.98 2.02 2.05 2.08 2.09 2.13 2.27 2.27 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.46 2.58 2.59 2.60 2.75 2.77 2.80 2.95 3.06 3.13 3.19 KEY TTo d eaths re p o rte d ______ U nder 10 in 1,000_________ I j j i i 10 an d u n d er 30 in 1.000_____ ^ 30 Ala. .. 7 Mo.... 8 Ariz. . 9 Mont..SI Ark... 23 Nebr..l5 Cal. ..29 Nev...33 Colo. .22 N.H...37 Conn.-36 N .J...46 Dak... 27 N.Mex 39 Del. ..18 N.Y...47 D.C..A2 N.C... 4 Fla....20 Ohio.. 19 Ga___3 Oreg.. 1 Ida. ..12 Pa___28 111...... 14 R. Ind. .. 2 S. C. ..11 Iowa .10 Tenn.,13 Kans.. 6 Tex... 5 Ky. . .17 Utah.. 34 La. ...38 Vt. ...32 Me__ 40 Va----26 Md.--.24 Wash.-41 Mass. .43 W.Va. 21 Mich. .25 Wis. ..30 Minn. .16 Wyo. .45 Miss. .35 f c Nebr.. Ill___ Tenn.. Ida... S.C. .. Iow a. Ariz. . Mo.-.. Ala. .. Kans.. Tex... N.C... Ga. ... 4.60 Ind. .. 4.67 Oreg.. .. „ 00 ------------ m » 90 „ -------- fn IN D E X . 60 »» 90 „ 120 » 1 120 150 m ■ »».--------- j j j „ ______B 150 a n d over, » ____ H U nsettled p a r t s ----------------'A ; I.-.44 R A TIO OF D E A T H S FRO M SCARLET FEVER, (B ased on th e R etu rn s of the Tenth Census.) Ratio o f Deaths from Scarlet Fever to A ggre ga te Deaths, by States, 1880. — R an k S ta te . ta te 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 88 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 i Miss. . S.C. .. Ala. .. Ga. ... Fla. .. L a .... Tenn.. Tex... N.C... Cal. .. Mo.... Id a . . . D .C ... Ariz. . U tah.. V a .... Dak . .. Conn.. Vt. ... Del. .. K y .... Colo. . W ash.- I SC ALE : P er „P e t C e n t. .04 .11 .13 .14 .15 .15 .30 .36 .52 .61 .80 .92 1.00 1.03 1.03 1.08 1.22 1.23 1.29 1.58 1.59 1.80 1.98 1.99 2.21 2.24 2.43 2.47 2.47 2.52 2.67 2.93 3.00 3.04 3.06 3.06 3.09 3.13 3.37 Ark... Minn.. N.Y... Mass.. N.H... Nev... Oreg.. Mich.. W is... Me..,. Ill___ W.Va. N.J. .. Iow a. Ohio.. Kans.. Md.... Pa. ... Ind. .. 4.22 N.Mex Nebr.. Mont.. R.I— Wyo. . 19.57 2% KEY 3»o d eaths re p o rte d _ U nder 10 in 1,000____ 10 a n d tin d er 30 in 1,000 30 »» i, 60 60 »» » 90 90 ir > 120 H 120 ,* » »- INDEX. Ala. . .45 Mo....37 Ariz. .34 Mont.. 3 Ark.. .24 Nebr._ 4 Cal. . Nev.. .19 Colo. N.H.,.20 Conn N.J. ..12 Dak.. N.Mex 5 Del. . N.Y...22 D.C.. N.C. ..39 Fla. . Ohio.. 10 Ga__ Oreg.. 18 Ida.. Pa---- 7 111.. . R. Ind. . S. C. ..46 Iowa Tenn.-41 Kans. Tex... 40 Ky... Utah.. 33 La... Vt. ...29 Me... Va_ 32 _ Md.. Wash.-25 Mass. W.Va. 13 Mich. Wis... 16 Minn. Wyo. . 1 Miss. k A mm a nd over, »- 150 *» _ U n settled p a r t s ______ I. - . 2 20% CO PYRIGH T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. MO R T A L I T Y P l a t e 45 R A TIO OF D E A T H S FROM WHOOPING COUGH TO AC G R E C AT E D EATH S. iM S r * Ratio o f Deaths from W hoop in g Cough, to A g g r e gate Deaths, by States, 1880. „ t „ R an k S ta te . 45 44 43 42 N.H... N.J. .. 41 R . I ____ Dak . . . M e.... 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 6 ‘2 31 30 29 as 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 00 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Nebr.. U tah.. P a .... Iowa . Vt. ... W is... N.Y... Mass.. Conn.. Minn.. W ash.- Ill___ La. ... Cal. .. Ohio.. Ida. .. Mo.... Colo. . Kans.. Oreg.. Nev... Del. .. Fla. .. W. Va. V a.... Md. .. Mich.. Ind. .. Tenn.. D.C... Miss. . K y .... Tex... S.C. .. A rk... N.C... Ga.... Ala. .. Ariz. . N.Mex pe„r P C e n t. SC ALE : .26 .53 .53 .58 .59 .69 1 .70 1 .73 1 -74 I .81 .83 .84 .87 .88 .92 1.05 1 .1 1 1 .1 2 1.17 1.17 1.23 1.32 1.33 1.46 1.50 1.51 1.53 1.58 1 .6 8 1.69 1.71 1.72 1.79 1.84 2.09 2.26 2.32 2.42 2.91 3.01 3.03 3.03 3.24 3.43 R A TIO OF D E A T H S FROM MEASLES Ratio o f Deaths from Measles, to A g gre ga te Deaths, by States, 1880. .. S t a t e . e*-.. R an k 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 R.I--D.C... Mass.. E f Del. .. M d .::: Conn.. Fla. .. T fv rm . W is... Ohio Ida. .. P er Per C e n t. .02 .14 .25 .28 .28 .29 .31 .37 .45 .50 .50 SC A LE : j!! !i:i!i p IIP iH ,! .5 6 .56 .6 1 .61 .62 .6 6 Oreg.. La. ... Iowa . f c Miss. . Minn.. Wyo. . Dak... T e x ... Ill...... Wash.W. Va. Ind. .. Ya. . . A rk . S.C. N.C. Mo.... Ala. .. Nebr.. Colo. . Kans.. N.Mex .85 .88 91 .97 .99 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.07 1.15 1.29 1.31 1.42 1.45 1.50 1.67 1.70 1.87 1.92 1.97 2.10 2.24 2.44 2.56 2.74 3.43 CO PYRIGH T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. M O BTALITT P l a t e 46 EXPECTATION OF LIFE-DEATH RATE. Expectation o f Life A m o ng Native White Males, Age B irth l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 Expecta tion of Life E x p la n a to ry . —This exhibit is based upon the results of investigations by Levi W. Meech, Actuary, following the census of 1860. They were first published in the Thirteenth Massachusetts Life Insurance Report, and have been carefully verified from the returns of the Census of 1880. Mr. Meech has kindly consented to their use in this work. Ac-e a t Death k H — 41,01 47.83 50.08 50.93 51.14 55.14 51.05 56.05 50.74 50.29 49.75 49.13 48.44 58.44 47.68 46.90 46.10 45.28 44.48 43.69 42.92 42.20 41.52 40.87 39.63 38.37 37.09 35.81 34.51 33.20 31.88 30.55 29.22 27.88 26.54 25.20 23.86 22.53 21.22 19.92 18.63 17.37 16.13 14.93 13.76 12.63 11.54 10.50 9.51 8.58 7.70 6.88 6.11 5.41 4.77 4.18 3.65 3.18 2.76 2.38 2.06 1.78 1.54 1.35 61.63 62.37 63.09 63.81 64.51 65.20 65.88 66.55 68.54 70.53 71.22 71.92 72.63 73.37 74.93 75.76 76.63 77.54 78.50 79.51 80.58 81.70 82.88 84.11 85.41 86.77 88.18 89.65 91.18 92.76 94.38 96.06 97.78 99.54 101.35 Death Rate A m o n g Native White Males. Age Number L iv in g Deaths in Ratio of Deaths. E nsuing Per Cent. Y e ar l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 100,000 16,195 83,805 5,374 78,431 2,812 75,619 1,779 73,840 1,308 72,532 980 71,552 773 70,779 648 70,131 536 435 69,595 352 69,160 314 68,808 68,494 291 282 68,203 67,921 290 67,631 321 67,310 365 428 66,945 66,517 507 574 66,010 599 65,436 64,228 63,017 61,813 60,614 59,417 58,218 67,014 55,800 54,571 53,321 52,044 50,732 49,375 47,966 46,492 44,943 43,305 41,566 39,711 37,727 35,603 33,329 30,901 28,319 25,593 22,747 19,815 16,850 13,920 11,107 8.500 6,188 4,242 2,706 1,582 834 388 155 52 14 15,000 b Death Rate. % ■■■ W M tm B irth SCALE: 607 603 600 599 599 601 605 612 622 634 651 672 697 728 764 807 856 913 975 1,044 1,117 1,194 1,273 1,346 1,410 1 459 1,483 1,474 1,427 1,335 1,198 1,022 821 612 417 255 137 63 24 7 2 5 ,0 0 0 20,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 55,000 6j0,000 25£ /mmmm.•//m WA. W /M W /A w ///m m y/m m //////, m m . 5( , 0 0 0 0 45,000 2M i!o^ M m ///, z z z z 'z i ///////////////. ///////////// 65,000 w /w //. fo.ooo w a rn —^ IZ 1 w /m w m . y//////////m/. ' ~ — - /////////////////, ___ ....................... y///////A m ywy // // m// / M //— //////// mm y , / / // m / // / // , i% W 8 i » j 3 i — //////////////MW////////////. ////////////////A.m////////////////m m . / w m m W M /M /M . M W ////M W /M M /M W M W //M W /M W M v ////////////////m //////////////m m m A m m m m //,’ /////////////M m w w w w /M /m //////////m w /M /w m wm m m . mm, — — wmw/m/mMmm.wMmm, zzz z zz zz z z zzzzz ZL ............ //m y/m /M W A . ■////////////////////////////////// •////////////////,w/yyyy/yyy////.’ m m m m . m w//////////////y///m m m , :.zzz ’ ///////////////. y ///////m m .w //////////////m m m m , / z z z iz z : "~~zz z z z z z z z w//////////////,m /////////////m m m !m . 23 W M ///M jf . . ~ a ■'//////////////A y///////m m //////////////,m m m m .w m , w m y /m . /m /M /M m w //////////M m m m m . ■ m mw ,mm. m/y m W ///AW M w///m//m, mmm. y//M//mm.w//mm/y//m/////Mm, y////////wm . w /m m . a m m m m /m y////////m , y/m /y/m . — s m /////M y//, 3 — i— y /m w zm . » S i i a CO PYRIG H T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. 80,000 85,000 90,000 4U 95,000 loo.ooo dox • mmm.M m — ■ ////////'y//// w yw/y// v / / M ///////, ////w M/ // /// mmM .1 ////////,m m m ,■ //////// m m m wwm wm . w /m m m //////////////////////'/y//m m y////y///m /m /y,’ m m W W W // m m w m ?/ / w . m W // m m y m /M m /m m 3.59 IZ Z Z j ~ • '■ ~ y///m wmm mmm mym /// /M /// mm /y/ :y/ // M. 2.35 'm mm m, ///////////. y///////////y/. — ///////m m , 1.77 1 1 » '//////////////A W /AW/WM.///////////////, — •m m m m .w m m m . y /m m m . 1.35 m /m m /m ■m m m m . 8 w///////////m /m m m . v/y/y/y//////, ’ y //////////. m m m m m , — m 1.08 //////m y /// ^ ///////m /m /y /m /M m m m m . //////m y //, W ////////M m M M % m /M M Z . .92 w/mr m/MW/MW ////////////////////////////M . i ____ ! _ .76 K ////////////////,y///////y//m , w w /m m w m w m . .63 m p///////m v ................. ........... - I / m m m m . W W /W /////.' ////////////////. /////////////////, V////////////////, y///////////////Z . '/////////////A w rn m m — .51 / / / / .» » — '/MM///m.mmmm, ////////////////,/Mmmmmmmm y/y/y/y/y/m , ------ ---------.45 EZ . w/m mvyy////y/////mmmm m m m i'> /m — i* iM .42 mm w m/ ’///////m /m /m m //////////W A //////////// w m m m , w/w/ ~ ~ ............... ~ ~ .41 M /w .m M m m w //////m m , W W /z mm ////////////////, ______ mm. mm ------ ~~----- --- " ------.43 ’//y /////y ///;’ ////m m y //m /w m /m m / m W//MMMW/M/MM'/////////— ////////, M /////.w M m m m m m W////, .47 m /m m /m ,m m m m . ~ ~ ~ ~ ___ ............... w /////////m .54 K yyyy//y///y/y///M//////m m m m m m m y.y///////////m //m /yy/////m //m m /y////y////y//y/, .64 zzzzzzzzzzzz M El ‘ ////m m m m m m m ................. — / .76 izzzi '////////////////, .87 z z z : VMMMMWVmm / m m m \ ’ //////////////,/, — w/mmy/Aw///mm. ‘ mmm, m v/////////, ______ ........... .92 .95 .96 .97 .99 1.01 1.03 1.06 1.10 1.14 1.19 1.25 1.32 1.41 1.52 1.64 1.80 1.98 2.20 2.46 2.77 3.14 3.58 4.12 4.75 5.51 6.41 7.48 8.75 10.25 12.02 14.09 16.52 19.35 22.62 26.36 30.58 35.31 40.65 46.15 50.00 7 5 ,0 0 0 ^5* m P l a t e 47 :m : O IR . T _A. X j I T LIFE INSURANCE EXPERIENCE-M ALES. A U T H O R IT Y . T he exhibits in this and the two succeeding plates are based, by permission, upon the experience o f the thirty American Companies named in the appended list, as given in the “ System and Tables of Life Insurance,” * 1881, Levi W . Meech, Actuary in Charge. The available data for all sparsely settled sections, and for the Southern States, is comparatively meagre, because of the limited number of policies written therein. The more unsatisfactory ratios are so noted in the charts. A star (*) is used in the tables of this plate to represent Montana, Nebraska, and Nevada, as their data was grouped, giving them a common average. kEY L IS T O F T H IR T Y A M E R IC A N C O M P A N IE S. Company. Organ ized. Company. Organ ized. -33TNA LIFE, of Connecticut................................. AMERICAN MUTUAL, of Connecticut_______ BROOKLYN, of New Y ork____ ______________ CHARTER OAK, of Connecticut____ ____ ___ CONNECTICUT GENERAL, of Connecticut. __ CONNECTICUT MUTUAL, of C onnecticut.... CONTINENTAL, of New Y ork _____ ____ _ COVENANT, of Missouri___________________ EQUITABLE, o f Iowa______________________ EQUITABLE, o f New Y ork_________________ GERMANIA, of New Y ork_____________ ____ GLOBE, of New Y o rk ._____________________ JOHN HANCOCK, of Massachusetts_________ LIFE ASSOCIATION, of Missouri.............. ........ MASSACHUSETTS HOSPITAL, of Massachusetts 1850 1848 1864 1850 1865 1846 1866 1853 1867 1859 1860 1864 1862 1868 1823 MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL, of Massachusetts METROPOLITAN, of New Y ork.......... ................. MUTUAL LIFE, of New Y ork.............................. MUTUAL BENEFIT, of New Jersey.................. NATIONAL OF UNITED STATES, of Illinois . . NEW ENGLAND MUTUAL, of Massachusetts. NORTHWESTERN, of Wisconsin........................ PENN MUTUAL, of P en n sylvan ia.._________ ST. LOUIS MUTUAL, of Missouri......... ............... TRAVELERS, of Connecticut_________________ UNION CENTRAL, of O hio................................... UNION MUTUAL, of M ain e................................. UNITED STATES, of New Y o r k ......................... WASHINGTON, of New Y ork........ ............... ....... WESTERN, of New Y ork____ 1............................ 1851 1867 1843 1845 1868 1844 1858 1847 1858 1866 1867 1849 1850 1860 1868 Ratio, by States, Rank Stata PerCt. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 6 4 3 2 1 O hio .. I ll......... D e l.... P a -----M ass. . M ich . . V a. K a n s .. 6.4 W is. .. V t------- M e. . . . N .H . .. M in n .. I d a ,... 5% , 6.5 °X j Rank State PerCt. 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 6.7 6.8 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.8 8.3 8.9 8.9 9.1 9.7 12.1 16.7 Ga........ C o lo ... C al. . . . N .J ---M d .. . . O reg. . Io w a .. Mo___ W .V a. N .Y. . . I n d .... 4.1 4.2 4.7 Rank 5.2 5.5 5.6 | tiifactory) so x 5.7 58 6.0 6.0 6.3 8tate PerCt. 35 34 33 3*2 31 30 29 28 27 L a ____ S . C .. . T ex . . . M iss ... K y. . . . d . c. A la .. . . N .C. . . R .I . . . 2.3 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.8 3.9 4.0 Rankj Stata 6 % PerCt. 38 jConn. . 1.1 37 ]T e n n .. 1.8 36 ;F la ... . 2.1 Ratio o f Deaths from D IS E A S E S OF T H E H E A R T , j^ V u n d e r IX .. Ratio, by States, Ratio, by States. Rank State 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Rank I n d .... N .H ... PerCt. State 15 M i c h . . 14 M i n n . . 13 M ass. . Ohio . . Conn. _ 12 11 N .Y ... V t ------Io w a . . 10 N .Y ... M e. . . . P a ........ M inn. . 8 M d ____ 7 N . J ------ V t____ F la .. . . M ass. . Rank R .I .- -- 39 38 37 36 O re g ... N. J ----D. C. . . State 6 5 4 3 2 Per Ct. | r k .__ 7.3 A iT e x .. . 8.9 A l a . . . . 10.0 iG a___ 10.2 1 R .I .- .. C onn. _ V a ------C a l.. . . F la .. .. N .M ex Per Ct. 5.4 5.6 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.4 Rank 6.7 7.2 7.7 7.9 8.3 8.3 12.5 8tate 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 S .C . . . M iss.. . Ohio . . M e___ PerCt. 5 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 N.C. . . 4.4 D .C . . . 4.4 Ill......... 4.5 A l a ... . 4.6 K y .. . . 4.7 A rk ---- 4.9 Rank : tiafac 2QX 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 State Ter Ct. O r e g ... 2.8 L a ____ 3.3 D e l . . . . 3.3 Ga. . . . 3.6 T e n n .. 3.6 W is. . . 3.7 M o----- 3.8 In d----- 3.8 N .H ... 3.8 Rank Stata 39 * 38 K ans. . 37 W .V a . 36 T e x .. . PerCt. ax 1.9 2.1 lox 2.4 2.7 Ratio o f Deaths from D IS E A S E S OF THE' D IG E S T IV E SY S T E M KEY I No re p o r t... VlJndor i x - 1 v Under \ % IX to .. 3X. 1 1^ 3 Ratio, by States, Ratio, by States. Rank State PerCt. Rank ax io x 15 Iowa .. 10.7 14 M iss. .. 10.9 P a . . .. 11.1 12 I ll......... 11.1 11 A rk. .. 12.2 10 L a. . - 12.6 9 G a-----8 * 7 T e x .. . 6 A la. . . 5 N .C ----4 S .C .— 3 W .V a. 2 D e l.... 1 U ta h .. 20% & over I Rank State | Ct! Par 39 F la ___ 4.2 38 M ass. .1 6.7 37 Conn. . 7.4 36 M e___ 7.8 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State Per Ct. C a l.. .. 5 .8' M inn. . 5.9 M iss. .. 5.9 K y. . .. 5.9 Md. . . . 6.0 Ga------ 6.1 V a........ 6.3 R .I .. .. 6.9 O reg. . 8.3 C o lo ... 8.3 S .C ..._ 9.9 U ta h . . 11.1 W .V a. 11.9 W a sh . . N .M ex Rank State PerCt. 5, D .C . .. 4.4 L a. . .. 4.5 P a ........ 4.6 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 Rank V t ......... 4.6 4.8 D e l . . . . 6.0 Mo. . . . 5.1 O hio .. 5.1 T enn. . 5.4 N .H .. . 5.5 N .Y . . 5.7 N .J ---- 2% d 35 34 33 32 .31 30 1 29 28 27 State Ter Ct. Iow a . . N.C. . . W is — A la. . . 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.4 111.......... T e x .. Conn. M ich . M ass. . . . . ax io x 37 In d — 2.4 36 IA rk . .. ,2 .4 Ratio o f Deaths from D IS E A S E S OF T H E K ID N E Y S ^ Ratio o f Deaths from P N E U M O N IA j to Total Deaths, to Total Deaths, DAK. w yo. KEY KEY I No re p o rt— U , tah j COLO. U nd er I X - U I A R tf. I j AR!Z. N.M£x . State Per Ct. T e x .. . S .C .... 8.9 8.9 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.4 9.5 9.6 10.1 11.1 11.7 M is s .. . K a n s .. » D .C . . . N.C. . . K y. . . . M ic h . . I ll......... U ta h .. D e l.... I n d .... A rk . .. W ash.. / —- i — Ratio, by States, Ratio, by States. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a x iox Rank iax sav C a l.. . . R .I .- . Iowa .. Ga-----V t ___ W .V a . O reg. . C o lo ... W is_ _ Md. . . . M in n .. N.UtX. i i Rank i j factory) HV V 20% Rank 40 39 38 37 36 8tate L a ......... M e. . . . P a........ M ass. . T e n n .. PerCt. 3.8 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.1 ax State PerCt. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 111.......... 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.9 D .C . .. N.H. .. M d----C al. . . . L a......... M in n .. Conn. . R .L .. . K ans. . P a ........ S .C .,- . N .J ... . M ass. . N .Y— . COPYRIGHT., 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, MX lax Rank SOX State Per Ct. 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 I n d .... Mo___ W is— M ich. . K y. .. . V a. .. . M e. . . . N .C .. Ohio .. Iow a .. A l a . . .. 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 i 6 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 ■ ■ Rank SO X State 32 31 30 29 28 27 V t ____ Per Ct. .4 .4 .9 .9 * .9 G a------ 1.0 T e x .. . T e n n .. M iss ... io x ia x . M O BTALITT P l a t e 48 LIFE INSURANCE EXPERIENCE. —Continued. Average Number o f Deaths, per Year, A m o n g 1,000 Insured Persons, from all Causes. N o . o f D e ath s Y e a rs o f In s u ra n c e F e m a le M a le -- --- - mmm 8.59 10.39 11.41 10.92 12.38 14.83 17.58 11.49 10.20 During the 1st year (average of 6 months) During the 2d year.................................... Average of the 4th and 5th years............. Average during the 5th to the 10th years. Average during the 10th to the 20th years Average during the 20th to the 30th years Average during the whole experience__ Average Deaths, per Year, A m o ng 1,000 Average Deaths, per Year, A m o n g 1,000 Insured Persons, from Constitutional Insured Persons, from Diseases o f the Diseases. Nervous System. | N o . cf D e a th s | N o . o f D e ath s Y e a rs o f I n s u r a n ce Y e a r s o f I n s u r a n ce 4 and 5 (av.) 5 to 10 " 10 to 20 1 20 to 30 ' Ay. for all.. 1 (av. 6 mo.) 2 8......... .33 .28! 1 (av. 6 mo.) .34 ..............39! .51 3 ...................471 Paralysis and Soft- 4 and 5 (av.) .45 .59 1 n in g o f th e 5 to 10 “ .82 1 .34 Brain . 10 to 20 “ .87 1.22 l 20 to 30 “ 2.30 1.99 Av. for all .45 .64 ............. 2 4 and 5 (av.) 5 to 10 10 to 20 ' 20 to 30 ' Av. for all— Consumption. 1 (av. 6 mo.) 1 (av. 6 mo.) Apoplexy. 1 (av. 6 mo.) .32 4 and 5 (av.) 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for all— .27, .28 .31 .40 .58 .33 .41 j .471 .53 1 .86 l 1.70 i .49 1 (av. 6 mo.) .09 .18] .05 2 ..............16 .13 3 ...................17 ! Congestion of the 4 and 5 (av.) .19 .05 Brain-----.20 i 5 to 10 “ .07 .22 10 to 20 “ .16 .27 20 to 30 *“ .19 Av. for all— .09 3 ........... 4 and 5 (av.) Cancer. .31 .26 ......... .33| 2 3 .. . . ....... 4 and 5 (av.) 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for all. Dropsy. M a le HHBl 1 ( av. 6 mo.) .73 .831 2 ..............96 .75 3 .................. 1.05 1.18 4 and 5 (av.) 1.01 1.41 5 to 10 “ .84 1.72 10 to 20 “ 1.83 2.56 20 to 30 “ 2.88 4.38 Av. for all 1.02 1.47 1 2(ay. 6 mo.) ........... 3 .................. Total., F e m a le 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for all— 1 (av. 6 mo.) .01 I 1 (av. 6 mo.) .02 l 3 ...................04 1 Epilepsy and Con 4 and 5 (av.) .09 .05 vulsions............. 5 to 10 “ .04 .07 .06 .16 10 to 20 “ __ .05 20 to 30 “ .04 .04 Av. for all Other C o n s t it u 4 and 5 (av.) tional............ 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for all.. .04 1 (av. 6 mo.) .io ..............06 2 .14 .14 .05 .24 Other Nervous---- 4 and 5 (av.) 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for all “ ” .ii Average Deaths, per Year, A m o n g 1,000 .09 .11 1 .13 .20 .37 .11 Insured Persons, from Zym otic Diseases. Y e a r s o f I n s u r a n ce F e m a le M a le Average Deaths, per Year, A m o n g 1,000 1 (av.6 mo.) 2 . 2.12 1.56 1.53 1.43 1.38 Total.....................4 and 5 (av.) (“Zymotic diseases u are those produced m to xw bv a morbid animal 20 to 30 poison.”) Av. for all— .57 1.61 1 (av. 6 mo.) 2. 3 . Typhoid and T y phus Fevers... 4 and 5 ( av.) 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for all— .70 .63 .70 .62 .53 .56 .57 .63 1 (av. 6 mo.) 2. Malarial Fever— 3and 5 (av.) 4 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for all— 1 (av. 6 mo.) 2 Dysentery.. . .35 .31 .37 .16 .15 .40 .26 .31 3 . 4 and 5 (av.) 5 to 10 “ 10 to 10 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for all— 1 (av. 6 mo.) 2 Cholera . 1.68 . 3 . 4 and 5 (av.) 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for all— .05 .10 .09 .05 .08 1 ( av. 6 mo.) 2 Erysipelas. . 3 . 4 and 5 ( av.) 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for a ll— 1 (av. 6 mo.) 2 Diarrhoea.. . 3 ................ 4 and 5 (av.) 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for all— .07 .10 .05 .18 .18 .10 .09 .07 .12 2.37 1.90 1.88 1.71 1.63 1.75 Insured Persons, from Diseases o f the Respiratory Organs. Y ears o f In su r an ce 2.11 1.83 .74 .72 .62 .57 .56 .72 M a le 1 (av. 6 mo.) .......................... 1.62 3 .................. 1.52 4 and 5 (av.) 1.54 5 to 10 1.60 10 to 20 1.51 20 to 30 3.18 Av. for all.. 1.53 2 Total.. .66 .30 .25 .24 .23 1 (av. 6 mo.) .84 4 and 5 (av.) 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for all. 1.02 ............. .97 2 21 Pneumonia. .21 .23 .24 F e m a le 3 .81 .90 .95 1.44 .26 .16' .151 .16 .14 .18 .27 .17 Abscess and Hem 4 and 5 (av.) orrhage of th e 5 to 10 Lungs............ 10 to 20 20 to 30 Av. for all— .22 .15 ■■ .13 .10 .08 .07 .04 .12 253 1 (av. 6 mo.) 2. 3.. B ro n c h itis and 4 and 5 (av.) Pleurisy......... 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for all— .13 .17 .24 .07 .16 .58 .16 .06' .061 .11 .10 .13 .18 .21 tillfl .it g 1 (av. 6 mo.) 2. 3. Congestion of the 4 and 5 (av.) Lungs............. 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for all — .08 .08 .10 .09 .08 .16 .21 .10 ad* 1 2(av. 6 mo.) 3. .27 .14 .31 .13 .17 .09 .22 .24 .58 .15 1 (av. 6 mo.) ............. 2 Other Respiratory - 4 and 5 ( av.) 5 to 10 ‘‘ 10 to 20 * 20 to 30 * Av. for all— .10 .05 .10 .16 .58 .07 1 ( av. 6 mo.) .................04 3 ...................03 .04 4 and 5 (av.) .03 .06 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ .01 Ay. for all.. 2 Alcoholism. 1 (av. 6 mo.) 2 . 3................. Other Zymotic— 4 and 5 (av.) 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for all— .40 .39 .10 .26 .79 .48 .27 .48 .42 .40 .37 .43 .40 N O T E . Thirty-five years was the average age, at the date of insurance, of the 1,027,529 per sons insured by the thirty American comwhose experience is here given; Eanies the mortality recorded opposite “ 1 ” ence, in the column headed “ Years of Insur ance,” may be taken to represent the mor tality at thirty-five years of age. To find the age represented by any one of the en tries in this column, add 35, e. g., “ 5 to 10 ” represents 40 to 45 inclusive. CO PYRIGH T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SONS. nyCO^T-A-XiIT"^ P l a t e 49 LIFE INSURANCE EXPERIENCE. —Continued. Average Deaths, per Year, A m o ng 1,000 Average Deaths, per Year, A m o ng 1,000 Insured Persons, from Diseases o f the Insured Persons, from Miscellaneous Digestive Organs. Causes. N o . o f D e a th s Years o f Insur ance F e m a le (av. 6 mo.) M a le 1 23 1 .3 8 1 .2 4 1 .3 3 1 .6 2 1 .5 2 2 .6 0 1 .4 3 SCALE: Vi % a /s % I Death. 3and 5 (av.)........... 4 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ SOto 30 “ Av. for all 5.9 6 1 2(av. Cmo.)........... 3 .................. .0 9 .2 1 .2 0 .3 1 .3 6 .3 2 .2 8 .3 1 .5 0 .3 4 .2 1 .4 1 .4 8 .5 8 .3 6 Diseases o f Bowels....... Diseases o f th e Stomach........ 5 to 10 10 to 20 20 to 30 Av. for all.. 4 and 5 (av.) 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for all Peritonitis.. .1 0 .1 3 .1 8 .1 8 .1 8 .3 3 .4 1 .1 8 .2 2 .1 8 .3 0 .3 1 .1 0 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for all. .1 7 .1 8 .2 0 .2 1 .2 2 .2 9 .3 2 .2 1 .2 6 .3 1 .2C .2 6 .3 4 .2 4 .5 8 .2 7 Diseases of th e 4 and 5 (av.) Liver_____ 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for all .1 2 .2 1 .3 0 .3 0 .3 7 .4 2 .5 2 .3 0 .0 5 .0 8 .0 7 .0 6 .0 7 .0 6 .1 4 .0 7 .8 6 .2 1 i£K- • 1 (av. 6 mo.) .3 5 .1 6 .1 8 .1 6 ...................................... 1 7 .2 0 .2 4 .1 8 .4 1 .2 3 .4 8 .9 8 .5 8 .4 8 .3 1 .2 0 ............. 2 3 Other Digestive... 4 and 5 (av.) 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for all Average Deaths, per Year, A m o ng 1,000 Insured Persons, from Diseases o f the Circulatory System . N o . o f D e ath s Y ears o f Insur ance Fem ale M ale ■ 1 (av. 6 mo.) D 4 and 5 (av.) 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for all .4 0 .2 9 .4 1 .5 4 .7 7 .7 2 2 .5 9 .5 5 .4 0 .5 4 .7 3 1 .1 3 2 .5 0 .5 7 1 (av. 6 mo.) Total. .3 1 .1 8 .2 1 .............. 3 0 2 ii 'i l(.,| i:i Lii;1 i l,| J m .............. 2 7 .2 9 2 D is e a se s of the 4 and 5 ( av.) Heart............. 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for all.. •3 4 , .5 4 .7 7 .7 2 2 .5 9 .5 2 .3 8 .5 1 .6 8 1 .0 7 2 .3 4 .5 3 1 (av. 6 mo.) .0 9 .0 3 3 . .............. .0 7 .0 2 .0 3 .0 5 .0 6 .1 6 .0 4 ......... . 0 3 2 Other Circulatory. 4 and 5 (av.) 5 to 10 “ 10 to 20 “ 20 to 30 “ Av. for all .0 3 SUMMARY. Average Number o f Deaths, per Year, Average Deaths, by the American and A m ong 1,000 Insured Persons, by Ages. A ge E xp erie n c e 15 to 20.. American.. British...... 20 to 25.. American.. British....... 25 to 30.. American.. British...... 30 to 35.. American.. British...... 85 to 40.. American.. British...... 40 to 45.. American.. British...... 45 t o 50.. American.. British....... 50 to 65.. American.. British---55 to 60.. American.. British...... 60 to 65.. American.. British...... 65 to 70.. American.. British....... 70 to 75.. American.. British...... 75 to 80.. American.. British...... 80 to 85.. American.. British....... 85 to 90.. American.. 90 to 95.. Carlisle Tables. F e m a le A ge 15 to 20.. 20 to 25.. 25 to 30.. 30 to 35.. Soto 40.. 40 to 45.. 45 to 50.. 50 to 55.. 55 to 60.. 60 to 65.. 65 to 70.. 70 to 75.. 75 to 80.. 80 to 85 . . 85 to 90.. 90 to 95.. B y A m e r ic a n L ife T a b le , 1858 B y C a r lis le T a b le M a le a n d F e m a le M a le ■ ■ 6.8 7.1 7.6 4.7 11.0 6.9 8.5 6.9 10.0 6.7 11.8 6.9 10.5 7.1 11.3 8.2 10.0 8.0 12.1 9.5 10.5 9.4 12.8 10.7 10.6 11.0 13.9 13.6 13.4 14.3 15.7 17.4 18.3 19.4 20.2 24.0 23.9 27.6 28.6 34.8 40.4 39.3 43.7 50.2 47.8 56.3 68.4 73.3 145.9 84.8 106.6 110.0 201.3 113.3 125.1 165.2 162.8 166.7 228.2 223 5 M a le a n d F e m a le 13.1 10.7 7.8 10.4 9.8 8.3 11.3 15.5 18.7 43.4 41.5 61.9 84.8 6.8 7.0 8.2 10.1 10.9 14.1 14.4 15.2 22.0 36.8 44.5 69.7 105.4 138.6 199.2 286.1 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 200 270 280 300 310 — --------- British....... 226.8 327.3 320 ; C O PYR IG H T , 18834 B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SONS. ~ tzzzzx • m mvmm, 'm ■a, mmmmmmw mzmi mm V I —E d u c a t i o n . IN D E X TO P L A T E S . ILLITERACY OF PERSONS O FT E N YEARS AND O VER ....................................................Plate 50 UNIVERSITIES AND C O LLE G E S ............... . Plate 54 T o ta l U n a b le to R e a d . T o ta l U n a b le to W r i t e : W h i t e ; C o lo red . SCHOOLS FOR THE INSTRUCTION OF W OM EN................................................ . ..Plate 54 R a t io o f S tu d e n ts to P o p u la tio n . R a t io o f S tu d e n ts to P o p u la tio n . ILLITERACY OF PERSONS OF TWENTYONE YEARS AND OVER........................... Plate 51 NORMAL AND INTERMEDIATE SCHOOLS. Plate 55 R a t io o f S tu d e n ts to P o p u la tio n . U n a b le to W r i t e : W h i t e ; C o lo red . SCHOOLS FOR SPECIAL INSTRUC T IO N ....................................................... Plates 56-57 PUBLIC S C H O O LS .................................... Plates 52-53 S c h o o l P o p u la t io n ; E n r o llm e n t ; A tte n d a n c e . School D a ys; T each ers’ W a g e s ; School A ge. E x p e n d it u r e , b y S t a t e s ; b y C ities. cent., as unable to read, and 6,239,958, or 17 rest, may well encourage the friends of the per cent., as unable to write. colored In 1870 the corresponding ratios were 16 and 20 per cent, respectively. A direct comparison may be race. The reduction of under illiteracy among the foreign-born element to the extent of nearly one-fourth, is a particularly pleasing made by increasing the number of illiterates feature, as it indicates that a better class of in 1870 in the proportion by which the popula immigration, at least as respects education, has tion increased during the ensuing decade. The latterly been brought to our shores. comparison will then stand as follows: Those The following table shows by states and unable to read in 1880 were to the same class in territories the percentage which the number 1870 as 853 is to 1,000, and those unable to unable to write, in each class, forms of the write were as 826 is to 1,000. total number in each class above ten years The decided lessening of illiteracy during the decade is more of age: marked in the case of writing than of reading. P ercentage U nable W rite . Colored. a g e ; of the foreign-born whites the proportion F oreign. number of native whites above ten years of to 1880. T otal. S T A T E S A N D T E R R IT O R IE S . T otal . write in 1880, formed 8.7 per cent, of the whole 1870. N ative W hite. The number of native whites unable to N o r th A t la n t ic G roup. was much greater, namely, 12 per cent., while of colored persons above ten years of age no less than 70 per cent, were returned as unable to write. In all three classes, however, there appeared a very decided improvement over M a i n e ........................................................ 3 -8 3-8 4 -3 1 .9 23-7 2 4 .8 H a m p s h ir e ................................ 5 -o I. I 2 6 .9 1 5 .8 V e r m o n t .................................................. 6 .8 6 .0 2 .4 2 6 .6 19-3 M a s s a c h u s e t t s ................ .................... 8 .4 0 .7 1 9 .6 R h o d e I s l a n d ....................................... 1 2 .6 6-5 I I .2 2 .9 27-3 N ew C o n n e c t i c u t ........................................... 7 .0 5-7 1 .0 1 8 .3 1 7 .4 N e w Y o r k ............................................... 7 .0 5-5 2 .2 1 2 .5 2 1 .2 N ew their condition ten years before. After increasing the number in each class in 1870, proportionally to the increase of population between 1870 and 1880, the result is as follows: O f native whites, each 1,000 in 1870 was reduced to 830 in 1880; of the foreign-born, in the colored 8 .0 6 .2 3-2 II. I 3 °-5 8 .6 7- i 4 .8 i 5-i 2 7 .1 T h e G r o u p .................. 7-5 6 .2 2 .8 D e l a w a r e ............................................... 2 4 .9 i 7-5 M a r y l a n d ............................................... 2 3 .6 D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b ia ....................... 2 8 .7 i 5 -4 2 3 .2 8 .i 18 .5 19-3 7 .8 10 .2 57-5 5 9 -6 18 .8 2 .6 12 . I 4 8 .4 5-5 7-5 4-3 6.4 5-3 2-3 N o rth e rn C e n tr a l G roup . Ohio....................................... 8.9 Indiana................................... 10.6 Illinois................................... 7-4 Michigan................................ 6.1 Wisconsin............................... 7-4 Minnesota............................... 8.0 Iowa....................................... 5-4 Missouri................................. 18.4 Kansas................................... 9-5 Nebraska................................ 5-5 Dakota................................... 14.7 The Group............ 9-3 5-2 5-8 6.2 3-9 i 3-4 5 -6 3-6 4.8 6.7 6.8 2.0 1.9 2.6 I I .I 3-1 2-3 1.8 5 -o 8.4 27-3 8.9 35 -6 7-7 37-2 IO.7 10.8 IO.9 8.1 7.0 6.7 28.5 31.0 37-2 30.0 53-9 46.8 6.4 3 ° -7 6.8 44.2 8.9 41.2 S o u th e rn C e n t r a l G roup . Alabama................................. Mississippi ............................ Louisiana................................ Texas..................................... Arkansas................................. Tennessee................................ Kentucky................................ The Group............ W e s t e r n G roup . Montana................................. Wyoming................................ Colorado....................................................................... New Mexico............................ Arizona................................... Utah....................................... Nevada ....................................................................... Idaho ..................................... Washington............................ Oregon................................... California .............................. The Group............ 54-2 53-9 52-5 5°-9 49-5 25.0 16.6 19.8 49.1 29.7 * 3 * 9 38.0 25-5 39 -° 40.9 27.8 29.9 22.8 35-7 44-5 39-5 22.0 38.8 5 -o 7-4 5-3 3-4 5-6 7-5 9-7 75 -° 16.0 76.0 1 .4 3-8 35-8 I ,7 7 -i 4.1 4.0 14.7 20.5 92.2 22.8 6.6 79.0 65.0 64.2 8.1 33-6 17.7 13.0 9.1 5-9 2.4 I. I 8.0 25-7 7.6 6.8 7-4 15.0 7 -1 7.0 7-7 80.6 6.0 75-2 10.9 79. r 24.7 75-4 43-3 26.8 8.4 71.7 7 ° '4 23-7 5 2-3 26.7 28.2 3 -o 2.4 5-3 4-5 5-7 3-5 7.8 2.0 8.4 4.4 8.6 38.1 27.8 29.8 9-3 33-3 i r .7 S o u th A t la n t ic G rou p . The first two columns show, primarily, that the illiteracy of the country is mainly in the V i r g i n i a .................................................. 5 0 .1 4 0 .6 1 8 .5 5 -4 73-7 South. W e s t V i r g i n i a ....................................... 2 6 .4 1 9 .9 1 8 .6 *3 -5 N o rth 5 1 .6 4 8 .3 3 -3 55-° 7 7 -4 Central sections as a whole, not more than C a r o l i n a .................................. In the South Atlantic and Southern element, it 57-6 55-4 3 1-7 2 2 .4 G e o r g i a ..................................................... Although the least proportional improve appears J e r s e y .......................................... P e n n s y l v a n i a ....................................... STATES AND TERRITORIES. 1880. S o u t h C a r o lin a ..................................... to 759; and of the colored, to 888. ment 2 3 .6 1870. Colored. which the freed slaves and their children still great disadvantages entage Unable to Write. M M 00 census of 1880 reports 4,923,451, or 13.4 per the erc Native White. considering P Total. persons of ten years of age and over, the Foreign. approaches closely that of the whites, and, c*» 00 of a total of 36,761,607 T otal. Illite ra c y . — Out P r e p a r a t o r y ; C o m m e r c ia l a n d B u s in e s s . M e d ic a l; R e f o r m ; S c ie n t ific ; K in d e r g a r te n . L a w ; T h e o lo g ic a l; D e a f a n d D u m b ; B lin d . 5 6 .0 4 9 .9 2 3 .2 S-6 7 8 .5 8 1 .6 60 out of every 100 inhabitants over ten years F l o r i d a ..................................................... 54-8 IO.O 7 0 .7 of age can write. 4 6 .2 43-4 40-3 2 0 .7 T h e G r o u p .................. 20 .0 10 .2 75 - i fact that, as a rule, illiteracy is greatest in 4 .9 The table develops the SCR IB N E R S STA TISTICA L ATLAS. Iv iii The following table, extracted from the those parts of the South where the colored and Texas, which have received a considerable element is relatively the most numerous. amount of foreign immigration, the percentage Report of the Public Lands Commission, shows is correspondingly greater. the amount of land granted to each state for regard to the colored element, the In North possesses a double advantage over the South, In all the states and territories, with but in that while it has a very small percentage of five exceptions, illiteracy decreased during the colored persons, those who have found their decade, and in many cases very decidedly. way North are, as a class, mentally superior to This decrease has been effected by two causes, educational purposes: those who have remained in the South, and, which in some states have acted in the same, moreover, find at the North much greater in other cases in contrary directions. incentives and facilities for obtaining education. are, first, an extension of educational privileges, The result is seen in the column showing the and, second, changes in population, produced percentage of colored illiterates, which, in the by immigration or emigration. These In the Northern North Atlantic group, presents an average of states these two causes have acted in opposite 23.2 and in the Northern Central 41.2 per cent., directions, and as contrasted with 75.1 in the South Atlantic the result is the difference between their effects. In Maine, New Hamp shire, Montana, California and Nevada the net and 76.0 in the Southern Central groups. W hile the presence in the South of so large result is an increase of illiteracy, the effects of a proportion of the colored element explains a immigration having been greater than those large part of the illiteracy of that section, it by of education. no means accounts for all of it, as is shown in has been favorable. the column relating to native whites. The No stronger argument in favor of the admirable O h io In the South illiteracy has U A cres. 70 4 ,4 4 8 a a u il M is s o u r i a it a A la b a m a u a it a u u it a L o u is ia n a a it it <t M ic h ig a n a a it u A rk a n sa s a a a a F lo r id a it a a a u it a a it a a 6 5 0 ,3 1 7 9 8 5 ,0 6 6 a a a I lli n o i s M is s is s ip p i Io w a W is c o n s in 1 ,1 9 9 ,1 3 9 9 0 2 ,7 7 4 8 3 7 ,5 8 4 78 6 ,0 4 4 1,0 6 7 ,3 9 7 88 6,460 9 ° 8,5 ° 3 ■ a N evada it it it it it a K an sas it a a O reg o n u a M in n e s o t a 9 0 5 ,1 4 4 9 5 8 ,6 4 9 C a l i f o r n i a ( S e c t io n s 16 a n d 36 in e a c h T o w n s h ip ) a a a it 6 ,7 1 9 ,3 2 4 2 ,9 69,990 3 ,3 2 9 ,70 6 2 ,8 0 1,3 0 6 3 ,9 3 5 ,4 2 8 a a a a a a a a a a a a a <6 a a a ti a a a a 3,068,23X a a a 3 ,4 8 0 ,2 8 1 a W y o m in g 2 ,7 0 2 ,0 4 4 3 ,7 1 5 ,5 5 5 2,4 8 8 ,6 75 4,3 0 9 ,3 6 8 3 ,0 0 3 ,6 13 5 ,3 6 6 ,4 5 1 5 , “ 2 ,0 3 5 u Id a h o in respect to elementary education has been a a D a k o ta a « N e w M e x ic o a a a W a s h in g t o n a a a C o lo r a d o a a N eb ra sk a A r iz o n a On the whole, the progress of the decade T erritories . u il M o n ta n a diminished in every state. and ( S e c t io n 16 in e a c h T o w n s h i p ) ............. I n d ia n a U ta h average of native white illiterates in the North is very much less than in the South. In the other states the balance S tates 4 , 0 5 0 ,3 4 7 Total........................................... 67,893,919 very decided, and augurs well for the future. In addition to this, upon the admission of public school system of Massachusetts can be adduced than the fact that, of the native white E d u c a tio n a l L a n d G rants.—The the several “ public land ” states, grants of two population of that state, only 7 in 1,000 are benefits to be derived from a general dissemi townships, and in the cases of Florida, W is unable to write, while those who cannot read nation of education were recognized by the consin and form a still smaller proportion. colonies of the North at a very early stage of were made to each state for the purpose of The highest percentage of illiteracy in the their existence, and by several of them efficient creating a university. North Atlantic group was in Rhode Island, means were taken for the establishment and where it was unquestionably due to the pres support of public schools. These were at first either in the form of land within the state, in ence of a large foreign element, chiefly factory supported partly by general tax and partly by case there still remained such public lands operatives. rate-bills assessed upon attendance. The latter unsold, otherwise an feature has long since disappeared. In 1795 scrip, for the purpose of establishing in each proportion of illiterates, attributable to the Connecticut took measures for creating a per state a school of agriculture and the mechanic ignorance prevailing in its southeastern section. manent school fund by reserving a portion of arts. The percentage of illiterates in the Northern her western territory from her cession to the senator and representative in Congress under states, including the two above mentioned, is General Government, and devoting the pro the apportionment of i860. very small, 94 out of every 100 being able ceeds of its sale to the common school fund. land was selected in eleven states, amounting to write. This, which was to 1,770,000 acres, while scrip was issued to Missouri In the Northern Central group contained an exceptionally large A s in many other respects, already pointed the well-known “ Western Reserve,” was sold for $ 1,200,000, and the Minnesota of greater amounts, In 1862 each state received a further grant, equivalent amount of This grant was of 30,000 acres for each twenty-seven states, Under this act representing 7,830,000 fund thus created has since grown to more acres. illiteracy, complementary to the colored ele than $ 2,000,000. Massachusetts created a sim by the General Government to the cause of ment. ilar fund by reserving a portion of the present education has been 78,659,439 acres, or nearly area of Maine. 123,000 square miles, an area approximately out, the foreign element is, in respect to The fourth column of the above table shows that the illiteracy of the foreign-born is, Thus the total amount of land donated Even in the Continental Congress the ques equal to that of the territory of New Mexico, tion of affording aid to education was agitated. and about one-twenty-fifth the whole area of that the immigration to the North is mainly of In the country, excluding Alaska. the peasant classes, while the few persons of reserving for school purposes the 16th section foreign birth found in the South are commonly in each township of the public lands belonging P u b lic from the middle and upper classes. to the United States. system of the United States is essentially of in the North, decidedly greater than in the South. The reason is to be found in the fact A n exami 1785 an act was passed by Congress Each state, upon its S c h o o ls . — The public school nation of this column, in the part relating to admission into the Union, was made the trustee New England origin. the Southern states, will show that illiteracy is of the school lands thus granted. emigrants from New England, it has flourished in direct ratio to the proportion of the foreign act, and subsequent legislation, twelve states element. Thus, in North and South Carolina, received grants of land for school purposes. Prior to the close of the Civil W ar, public where there are very few persons of foreign In 1848 Congress granted an additional section schools were almost unknown in the Southern birth, the proportion of illiterates among these (the 36th) in each township for the same pur states, except in a few cities, where they were few is trifling, while in W est Virginia, Florida pose, making 1,280 acres in each township. regarded only as a charitable provision for the Under this Carried westward by in every community planted by them. EDUCATION. very poor. The system of public education is now in more or less successful operation in every state and territory of the Union. P er cent age . STATE. The 0 .1 4 serve also to indicate the similar progress of public education in the country at large during the same period. Texas................. 0 .1 5 0 .0 9 0 .0 4 0 .1 3 Pennsylvania . . . Delaware............ Maryland.......... Dis. of Columbia Virginia............. West Virginia... North Carolina.. South Carolina.. 0 .1 3 the average number of days on which school is 0 .23 kept in the several states bears to the maxi Ohio................... 0 .1 1 mum number, which has been assumed at 200 U tah .................. 0 .1 4 annually. Illinois................ Michigan............ Wisconsin.......... 0 .1 9 0 .2 3 0 .23 Iowa ................ 0 .2 1 0 .3 0 0 .1 8 Washington . . . . 0 .1 7 California......... 0 .0 7 0 .1 5 0 .22 0 .1 9 Probably the best measure of the provision made in different parts of the country for The second column shows the proportion which 0 .1 6 New York.......... of the tenth census, gives in percentages the ance bears to the total school population. 0 .1 2 Instruction for Indiana, present a graphic pic The first column, derived from the statistics proportion which the average school attend Florida............. Alabama.......... 0 .1 6 1880 of the State Superintendent of Public state within the period from 1853 to 1880, and Per cent age . STATE. 0 .1 6 subjoined maps, taken from the Report for ture of the extension of public schools in that Per cent age . STATE. lix The data for this have been drawn from the report of the Bureau of Education for 1880. The third column combines these ,two elements, and expresses the proportion which The most salient feature of the above table the actual amount of “ schooling” in each state is the high proportion which the amount appropriated for the support of public schools bears to the true valuation throughout the states of the Northern Central group and in nearly all of the W estern states and territories. These states and territories have, besides the assistance afford ed them by the national grant of land, spent money lavishly for education, and the results are seen in their admirable school systems and their cor respondingly low proportion of illiterates. A s between the North Atlantic states and those of the South, there appears to be no striking difference. The South has devoted to the cause of edu cation, in proportion to its means, almost as freely as New England. INDIANA SCHOOLS The following table is de Distribution of School Uousi 1880 . signed to epitomize the con T he re b eing as m any dots as houses. Total. 9 ,647. dition of education in the several states and territories: that the amount per capita devoted to the public school system ranges from $ 18 .70 in Nevada, down to $0.85 in North Carolina and $0.81 in New Mexico. Speaking broadly, the Northern and Western states spend the largest M a s s a c h u s e t t s .. . C o n n e c t i c u t ___ D i s t . o f C o lu m b ia 55 47 89 49 M a r y l a n d ........... 90 42 N e b r a s k a ............. 31 46 O r e g o n ................ U t a h ..................... paratively small. Another satisfactory basis for comparing the educational expenditures of the different states and territories is presented in the following table, showing the proportion existing between the true valuation of property and the amount 55 25 53 45 24 36 64 23 43 57 97 M i c h i g a n ............... 7i 41 O h io .......................... 52 W a s h in g to n . . . . 52 44 23 Cl 75 74 39 I o w a .......................... 38 A r i z o n a ................ 41 23 M a i n e ..................... 64 60 38 W est V ir g in ia .. 45 55 5° W i s c o n s in ............. 46 81 v j M o n t a n a ............. AC 48 90 37 M in n e s o t a ........... 44 R h o d e Is la n d . . . 41 40 92 37 M i s s o u r i ............. P e n n s y lv a n ia . . . 49 74 36 K e n t u c k y ............ C a l i f o r n i a ............. 49 73 36 N e w J e r s e y ........... 37 I n d i a n a ................... 52 V e r m o n t ................ 55 46 N e v a d a .................. raised by taxation for public school purposes in each state: N e w H a m p s h ir e . 47 62 K a n s a s .................. 46 in case all children of school age attended school, during 200 days in each year. states and territories are arranged The in this 27 42 I llin o is ..................... ered to be the amount that would be given, table in the order of the figures of the last 8 8 N e w Y o r k ............. amounts, while in the South the sum is com P e rc e n ta g e of A c tu a l to P o ssib le Sch o o lin g . From them it appears STATE. P e r c e n ta g e w h ich N um b er of Sch ool D ay s B ears to M axim u m . diagram upon Plate 53. STATE. P erce n tag e o f C h ild re n o f Sch ool A g e A tte n d in g Sch ool. This is illustrated in a map and P e r c e n ta g e o f A c tu a l to P o ssib le S c h o o lin g . population. P e r c e n ta g e w hich N um b er o f School D ay s B ears to M a x im u m . devoted to this purpose, per capita of the school bears to the maximum amount, which is consid P e rc e n ta g e o f C h ild re n of School A g e A tte n d in g Sch ool. education is the amount of the public funds 23 column. It will be seen that Massachusetts and Connecticut retain their traditional posi tion in regard to public education. The maps and charts on Plate 52 show in detail the rank of the states and territories in 47 2 2 21 37 5° J9 respect to the ratio of enrollment and of attend 5i 18 C o l o r a d o ............. 35 38 45 i7 l6 96 36 M i s s i s s i p p i ___ 68 4i 35 V i r g i n i a ................ 26 39 57 63 35 T e n n e s s e e ........... 40 34 75 7i 35 33 33 A l a b a m a ............. 29 26 40 12 44 L o u i s i a n a ........... 19 59 II N o r t h C a r o lin a . 36 27 IO to the maximum number of school days, and in II 28 ance to the total school population, of the actual 53 6l D a k o t a ................. i5 14 respect also to the average monthly wages of teachers. The low position of the Southern states in the third column of the above table appears to SCRIBNER'S STA T ISTIC A L ATLAS. lx be due in greater degree to the small propor of women, normal schools, and schools for S p ecial S ch ools. — The tion attending school than to the number of secondary instruction, are subject to certain on Plates 56 and 57, relating to various kinds school days, although the latter is, in general, qualifications. The various institutions author of special schools, show the distribution of such considerably less than in other parts of the ized by legislative enactment to grant degrees schools, and the ratio between the number of country. and diplomas are not necessarily of the same students receiving instruction in them and the grade, nor are the other classes of educational total population of the state in which they are First, direct taxation, institutions mentioned above similar to one located. either state or local, from which by far the another in all parts of the country, although greater proportion of the school revenue is bearing the same name. T o instance an ex and of schools for the instruction of the feeble obtained, and in several states practically its treme case, Tennessee reports no fewer than minded, was so inconsiderable that maps were total amount; second, interest on invested twenty universities and not inserted to show their distribution, which funds, and rents of school lands; third, sales students in the collegiate department, while may be ascertained of school miscellaneous Massachusetts, which probably has the finest as may also that of the miscellaneous group in sources. Out of a total income from all sources provision for advanced education of any state which the report of the Bureau of Education of $82,584,489, there was raised by direct taxa in the country, reports but seven such institu combines orphan asylums, industrial schools tion in 1880 the sum of $66,048,411, or very tions, with 1899 students and miscellaneous charities. nearly four-fifths of the whole. department, while the population of the latter The appended table presents a summary, state is much greater than that of the former. compiled from the Report of the Commis S ch ools o f H ig h er In stru ctio n .— The only explanation of this apparent anomaly sioner of Education for the year 1880, of the The maps and diagrams on Plates 54 and 55, is found in the widely varying standard adopt number of schools of each class, and relating to the distribution of universities and ed by different educational institutions of the enrollment in each, in the several states and colleges, schools for the superior instruction same general class. territories: lands, and fourth, I n s t it u C o m m e r c ia l I n s t it u t io n s f o r Secondary I n s t r u c t io n . U n iv e r s it ie s C o lleg es. N orm al Sch oo ls. and and th e B u s in e s s C o lleg es. S u p e r io r I n s t r u c t io n of W om en. Institutions. Students. 994 6 1 ,01 2 .. .. •• •• 2 .. 2 247 17 12 2 2,072 1,426 98 Sch ools of M e d ic in e , o f D e n t is t r y AN D OF P h arm acy. P repara tory Schools (a). 11 / c 0 b ~ a c *3 3 in 487 I,08l 8^075 4,690 2,661 59 59 G eorgia..................................................... Illin o is..................................................... Indiana............... .................................... 8 116 34 18 7 469 28 2,081 14 1,169 693 4,773 2,545 502 3 II 2,317 13 4,070 Io w a .......................................................... K a n sa s..................................................... K e n t u c k y ............................................... Louisiana................................................. M aine....................................................... 42 3 49 11 22 4 .3 9 5 295 3,603 464 1 ,91 7 19 1,296 8 323 15 1,224 92 8 431 3 3,061 1,095 1,916 677 501 II 3 6 3 8 M aryland................................................. M assachusetts........................................ M ichigan................................................. M innesota................................................ M ississippi............................................... 34 47 8 17 26 2,261 2,584 1,003 2,041 2,382 9 1,146 7 1,899 9 I ,I I I 6 351 284 4 1,436 2,009 2,232 822 967 5 713 IO 1,296 3 483 783 3 426 4 M issouri................................................... N ebraska.................................................. N evad a .................................................... N ew H am pshire................................... N ew Jersey............. .................. .. 24 3 2,636 185 1,735 117 8 1,474 2 363 6 1,490 I 7° 27 50 i , 74i 3 ,7 2 3 247 688 2,429 665 48 247 688 I I 4 5 N ew Y o r k ................................................ North C aro lin a ....................................... Ohio ........................................................ Oregon............................................ . . . . Pen nsylvan ia.......................................... 194 33 45 14 88 19,765 2,657 3 ,4 5 0 1,469 6,346 29 3 ,5 1 2 8 894 35 2,621 8 502 27 2 ,4 5 4 6,625 1 ,22 2 5,694 1,056 4,414 13 6,541 18 4,305 I C 8 980 14 3,437 14 2,074 2 48 19 6,208 13 1,777 l 6 3,277 15 3,074 22 2,213 I 711 9 9 5 13 1,198 12 1,700 679 I 160 I 33 1,865 II 1,063 1,236 14 9 Rhode Isla n d ......................................... South C aro lin a ...................................... T ennessee................................................ T exas........................................................ V erm on t................................................... 6 10 63 24 31 362 1,614 5,852 2,746 2,413 I 8 20 9 2 247 256 1,920 865 102 247 664 3,287 1,482 102 I 4 12 6 4 145 987 1,670 566 435 4 4 •• 423 3 15 1,612 775 9 I 189 I 7 I I 72 319 d 145 V irgin ia .................................................... W est V ir g in ia ........................................ W iscon sin ................................................ 30 9 22 1,950 921 1,985 8 4 8 793 200 678 831 333 1,401 3 7 7 724 680 1,951 I 2 8 45 224 1,257 1,255 277 435 2 District of Colum bia............................ 26 1,385 5 154 494 5 239 I 283 4 4 13 3 3 14 4 I I 4 417 29I 800 57 951 449 819 2,005 296 951 7 1.349 3 449 690 4 2 24 I 132 2 2 303 18 3,973 8 1,670 992 II 1,705 132 384 2 518 395 3 2 352 371 256 520 3 3° 519 R eform Schools. 2 4 9 4 I 2 285 2 I 5 .. I 4 7 6 70 22 209 25 435 2 54 956 356 5 838 IO 1,370 I 1,104 44 2 160 813 90 9 1,054 4 6 6 .. •• .. 185 175 528 d 849 160 485 25 620 193 119 l6 1,977 I I .. .. I 50 I 4 359 2 299 •• 6 I 5 2 6 I 3 .. 5 2 2 < / e! 0 3 a G •O 3 in G *2 ►< G 3 m c 0 s S 3 G *3 T a c S 3 G •O 3 C n I I I 1,086 434 203 15 20 12 538 108 I 2 I 70 610 392 2 17 3 122 540 74 2 3 I 8 151 d I I I 58 132 127 222 99 120 I I I I I 263 276 182 c no 2 2 I I 2 88 65 15 23 3o I I I I I 198 142 124 43 19 4 I 5 3 2 72 2 200 64 48 3 I 3 2 193 18 50 59 I I I I 113 52 78 23 4 674 998 13 4 1,305 I 119 •• 2 7 2 I 2 430 5 668 20 6 234 c 5 240 83 627 119 108 3 150 186 3 3 ^397 I 134 I 56 5 7 I 3 3 381 274 26 67 47 I 2 I 60 307 371 I 20 2 I I I I 72 129 b 27 32 3 I I 3 3 491 9 c 94 242 281 68 3 2 145 7 2 119 I I 98 22 .. 4 3 644 506 2 I I I I 242 d 6 802 3 674 484 23 I 763 .. •• 263 2,782 97 703 .. I 379 I 246 89 6 5 699 447 I 4 115 473 .. IO 2,171 6 1,482 3 8u I 239 7 I 3 I 7 23 2,640 12 I I l6 2 I •• 6 I»322 102 I 2 468 I 15 5 528 c 66 c 144 38 I I I 64 67 12 I I I I 19 38 no 89 122 I 2 I I 2 15 538 645 c 95 2 2 6 I I 12 452 I I 3 98 65 248 I 159 I d 9 254 I 2 5 132 4 I 2 647 150 146 .. .. 2 198 I no 5 211 .. •• 5 362 184 •• •• 65 I 20 2 14 I 181 3 148 I for Nurses. G .2 3 64 Orphan A sylums, Industrial for F eeble- Schools and Minded Miscel C hildren. laneous C harities. Schools g G *3 3 in the 0 > , a & c .2 3 c 4 .. .. TOTAL. G $ G *3 3 jd a 3 a .2 3 142 50 20 89 15 76 4 ,5 4 5 2,090 10,806 642 6,092 695 1,228 13,850 2 4 ,3 9 8 13,699 IO 1,405 a 5 696 87 308 24 78 d •• I I 431 72 ., I 160 .. .. I 134 3 100 .. 3 193 I 22 I •• .. I .. 16 4 3 2 661 27 124 140 2 I I I I 382 d 180 173 2 500 .. .. I 566 2 d I 316 15 30 84 6 d 15 618 2 168 3 7 2 97 212 25 .. .. 3 88 .. I I I 4 163 5 341 3 I I 133 5 7* I I I 35 24 89 2 86 4 263 •• •• 60 9 16 12 359 1,846 797 14 IO 173 177 91 2 I 13 12 6 175 82 854 1,561 651 108 26 124 53 59 12,588 2,712 10,901 4 ,3 4 7 5.4 9 1 l6 28 12 2 2 1,353 1,881 780 7° 123 IOO 194 67 47 54 9,862 16,726 8 ,9 5 8 5, i 66 5 ,4 3 7 15 I 313 12 4 14 .. I 519 1,335 I 3 12 .. •• 8 I 16 717 2,165 42 1.348 24 3 55 217 12 285 60 2,414 27 622 3 from the table below, T raining Schools b 32 3° g .0 3 I I I 15 5 I I I I 2 b6o 77 III 38 262 S 3 71 467 .. .. •• c .2 3 a 4 2 .. 6 I 2 t3 / G O 3 tions for the Blind. 340 169 c S 3 a 'O 3 Schools of Schools T heology. of L aw. 9 I 229 18 203 114 I90 c 0 3 tions for the D eaf and D umb. Institu d .. I I 2 3 I K inder garten. I nstitu I .. „ 467 C *3 3 in .. 330 1,408 351 442 3 169 I 19 1,990 418 5 2 348 150 758 c 0 3 Schools of Science. I 4 41 13 9 26 in the collegiate * -* 1,041 673 3.662 170 2,027 A labam a.................................................. A rkansas................................................. C aliforn ia................................................ C olorado.................................................. Connecticut............................................. The number of training schools for nurses colleges, with 1920 74 Students. IO Institutions. Students. 126 I Institutions. Total Students. Collegiate Students. Students. Institutions. Institutions. STATES A N D T E R R IT O R IE S . t io n s fo r Students. from various sources: Institutions. The income of the public schools is derived maps and charts 71 90 827 I3i 16 4 52 107 16,459 1,401 169 3,630 9,006 97 31,788 200 2 38 3,385 I 14 55 5,875 496 75 217 30 298 87,006 6,074 25,247 2,855 3 4 ,4 01 6 3 6 I 2 339 394 198 d 165 24 38 143 59 46 2,529 4 ,5 8 7 13,721 6,086 3,807 .. 4 ., .. ,. .. ., IO I 14 459 52 652 89 30 93 6,674 2,581 9,878 I IO •• •• 6 529 I 67 5 4,018 2 13 3 4 130 5 367 8 17 6 I 9i 5 2,496 348 23 Montana ................................................ 1 2 W y o m in g ............................................... I 117 I 21 I .. 19 23 T o t a l s .................................. 1,264 110,277 364 32,553 59,594 220 43,077 162 27,146 227 25,780 120 14,006 125 13,239 68 11,921 83 11,584 232 8,871 56 6,657 142 5,242 48 3 ,1 3 4 30 2,032 15 a. Exclusive of Preparatory Departments of Universities and Colleges. d b. D eaf M utes and Blind not separately reported. c. Included elsewhere. d. 323 13 2,472 430 59, ! 6 i 3,600 404,516 N ot reported. lEID TXO -TIO -A ZD sT P l a t e 50 ILLITERACY.—SELECTED CLASSES, 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. Ratio o f P E R SO N S U N A B L E T O W RITE, Ratio of P E R S O N S U N A B L E T O REA D , 1 Rank 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8tate. 5% M o n t. . 4.8 In d. . . 4.8 V t........ 4.9 U ta h .. 5.0 M ass. . 5.3 I d a . . . . 5.5 W a sh .- 5.7 C o lo ... 5.9 C a l.. . . 7.1 Nev. .. 7.3 R .I .. . . 7.9 Mo. . . . 8.9 W . V a. 12.1 U.S. 13.4 D e l.... 15.3 D.C. . . 15.7 M d. . . . 16.0 A r iz ... 16.7 K y. . . . 22.2 T ex. .. 24.1 T e n n .. 27.7 A rk . .. 28.8 V a . . . . 34.0 F la . . . . 38.0 N .C. .. 38.3 M is s ... 41.9 G a........ A l a .... 43.5 L a ------ 45.8 S .C .... 48.2 N .M ex. 60.2 ,» 10#... 10# .. Per Cent. .. 25# 25# » .. 50# „ 1 30% - ik i . P 70# II 3 75# an d over,____ 00% SCALEi m 10# State. 20% Io w a . Nebr. W yo. D a k ... M e. ... O h io .. K an s., M in n .. M ic h .. W is. .. O reg. 30% INDEX. 40% N.Y. .. N.H.. C o n n .. I ll___ N.J— P a ....... 3 K y .. -1 2 N .C— . 7 .17 L a.........6 Ohio ..39 .11 M e___ 44 O reg. .36 C a l.. . .23 M d___ 15 P a ------26 .28 M ass. .29 R . I . ...2 0 Conn. 35 M ich . .41 S .C . - - 2 Dak. .43 M inn. .31 T enn. .10 D e l... .18 .M iss.. . 5 T ex. -1 3 D.C. 16 Mo. ...I S U t a h ..‘2\ F la. . . . 8 M on t. .40 V t------33 G a .... . 4 N ebr. .46 V a ...- - 9 I d a . . . .25 Nev. ...2 2 11 a s h . -27 111. . . . 3C N .H . ..42 W .V a .-14 I n d ... .24 N .J. . .32 W is. . .34 Iowa .45 N .M ex. 1 Wy o . .47 K ans. .37 N .Y . -3 8 A l a ... A la . . . 4 K y ........ 13N .C ..-- 7 A riz .. .14 L a. — 3 0 h io ..42 A rk . . .10 M e. ...4 3 O reg. 37 C a l... .22 M d___ 15 P a .........31 Colo. .23 M ass. .26 R .I .. ..20 Conn. .34 M ich . .39 S .C — 2 D ak. .44 M inn. .40 T e n n . .11 D e l... 17 M is s ... 6 T ex. ..12 D.C. .16 Mo___ IS U ta h .. 27 F la .. . 8 M o n t. .30 V t------28 G a .... - 5 N ebr. .46 V a ........ 9 I d a . . 25 N e v .. .21 U'as/i.-24 111. . . . 33 N .H . ..35 W .V a . 18 29 N .J ....3 2 W is. ..38 Iowa .47 N .M ex. l W y o . .45 K a n s ..41 IN.Y. -.36 Ratio o f C O L O R E D P E R SO N S Unable to W R IT E ,_ Ratio o f W H IT E P E R SO N S Unable to W RITE, to Total Colored Persons, Hank State. N.J. .. Conn.. Wis. .. 30 29 28 27 111.......... 26 V t ------25 24 23 Minn.. Mass. . Colo... 22 Pa---21 Ind— 20 Md. ... 19 Utah.. U.S— 18 Del— 17 Mo. ... 16 R.I. . . 15 Tex. .. 14 Miss. . 13 V a . ... 11 W .V a . 10 L a ......... 9 8 7 Ky. ... 6 5 4 3 - Fla. ... S.C—. fia..... Ala— Ark. .. Tenn. 2 N.C. .. 1 N.Mex. Per Cent. 5 .3 5 .5 5.6 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.4 6.4 6 .7 7.0 8 .1 8.5 9.4 9 .1 10.5 10.9 15.3 16.3 16.8 18.3 19.9 21.9 22.0 22.9 2 1.7 25.0 27.3 3 1.5 62.2 90X Rank 8tate. 47 M o n t .. 46 W y o . . 45 W a sh .44 Nebr. . 43 O reg. . 42 I d a . „ 41 K a n s . . 40 Iow a — 39 M e. — 38 D ak . .. 37 D.C. .. 36 C a l . . . . 35 N ev— 34 M ic h 33 Ohio .. 32 N .H ... 31 N .Y . - Per Cent. 3% 4Mf 0 2.2 2.5 2.9 3 .5 3.6 3.6 3 .7 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.4 4 .5 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.3 Rank A la. . . 5 K y. . . . 7 N .C .... 2 A riz. .18 L a .........10 Ohio ..33 A rk. . 4 M e. ..-39 C al. - .36 M d___20 P a .........22 Colo. .23 M ass. .24 R .I . ...1 6 Conn. .29 M ich . .34 S .C . . . 8 Dak. .38 M inn. .25 T e n n .. 3 D e l... .18 .Miss. -.14 T e x ....15 D.C. .37 Mo___ 17 U t a h .. 19 F la . . . 9 M o n t. .47 V t .........26 G a - .. . 6 N ebr. .44 V a ........12 I d a . .42 N ev— 35 W a sti.- 45 111. . . . 27 N .H . ..32 W .V a .. 11 Ind. .. .21 N . J . - , 30 W is. ..2 8 Iowa .40 N .M ex. 1 W y o . .46 K ans. .4 1 N .Y . -3 1 State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 lit 33 32 31 INDEX. Per Cent W yo. . M ass. . N .H . .. Conn. . 14.7 1 5 .1 15.8 17.4 V t ------- 19 .3 C o lo .. . 20.5 N .Y . .. 2 1.2 R .I . . . 23.6 A r iz ... 23.7 M e. . . . 24.8 Nev— 26.7 P a ------ 27.1 O h io .. 27.3 O reg. . 27.8 I d a . . . 28.2 M ich — 28.5 C a l.. . . 29.8 A la . . . 3 K y........13'N .O .... 6 A riz .. .39 L a. . . . 4 Ohio . .35 A rk . . . 9 M e. ...3 8 O reg. 34 C a l... .31 M d----- 14 P a ........36 .42 M ass. .46 R . I - -4 0 Conn. .44 M ich . .32 S . C . - . 5 D ak. .21 M inn. .24 T e n n ..11 D e l- .15 .M is s ... 8 T ex . . . 7 D.C. IS M o - ..17 U t a h ..18 F la - .12 M o n t. .25 V t. . -4 3 Ga. — . 2 N ebr. .28 V a ........10 I d a . . .38 N e v .. .37 TFosJi.-22 111. . . . 28 N .H . ..45 W .V a. 16 Ind. . 26 N . J - . . 29 W is. ..27 Iowa .30 N .M ex. 1 W y o . .47 K an s. .20 N .Y . ..41 Ratio o f FO R EIG N -BO R N W H IT E Persons Unable to W RITE, Ratio o f N A T IV E W H IT E Persons Unable to W RITE, to Total Foreign:-Born White Persons, by States, Rank 8tate. 30 D .C. .. R .I — 28 I d a . .. 27 K a n s — 26 N .J ... . 25 O reg. . 24 O h io .. 23 P a ------ Per Cent. Rank State. Per Cent 2.6 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 I ll......... A la ---Iow a . . O h io .. Nev. .. C a l.. . . In d . . . K y. . . . F la ... . M d. . . . M ic h .. W is. .. M in n L a ___ N .J — U ta h .. U .S — D .C . .. N .Y . .. W . V a. P a ........ C o n n .. D e l.... M ass. . M e. . . . T ex . .. V t........ A riz . . . N .H . R .I - .. N .M ex. 7.7 7.7 8.1 8:4 8.4 8.6 8.9 9.7 10.0 10.2 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.9 11.1 11.8 12.0 12.1 12.5 13.5 15.1 18.3 18.5 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3 .5 4.3 4.8 5.3 5.9 6.8 Colo. — 7.1 M d. . . . 7.8 D el— . 8.1 A r iz ... 8 .1 U .S . . 8.7 Mo. . . . 1 1 .1 T ex. .. 13.9 iM iss... 16.6 V a. . . . 18.5 W . V a. 18.6 L a ___ 19.8 F la . . . . 20.7 S . C . - . 22.4 K y. . . . 22.8 G a........ 23.2 A la — 25.0 A rk . .. 25.5 T e n n . . 27.8 N .C— 31.7 N .M ex. 64.2 22 111.......... 21 U ta h .. 20 I n d - . . 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Rank State. M ass... C o n n .. N .H . Nev. .. M o n t .. W yo. . D a k .. . M in n — M e. W is. . . C a l- .. N .Y . N ebr. ■ M ich . . M 33 W a sh .- 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 32 31 V t ------- Iowa .. Per Cent. 0.7 1.0 1 .1 1 .1 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 , 2.6 20% INDEX. 30% C al. . 5iK y------7 N .C— 2 .16 L a .........1C Ohio ..24 . 4 M e. ...3 8 O reg. .25 .37 Md. ...1 8 P a. . -2 3 .IS M ass. .47 R .I . ...2 9 .46 M ich. .34 S .C . . . 8 .41 M inn. -4C T e n n .. 3 .17 M iss. ..13 T ex . -14 .30 Mo. ...1 5 U ta h .. 21 . 9 M on t. .43 V t------32 . 6 Nebr. .35 V a ........12 _ .'28 Nev_ 44 Wash.-'S.] .22 N .H . ..45 W .V a .-11 .20 N .J. . .26 W is. ..38 .31 N .M ex. 1 W y o . .42 .27 N .Y . ..36 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 23.7 24.7 26.9 27.3 43.3 CO PYRIG H T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. Rank State. Per Cent. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 N .C. . . M o n t.. C o lo ... W yo. . O reg. W a sh .S .C — I d a .... V a. . . . G a........ A rk . .. M is s ... N ebr. . K a n s .. D a k ... Mo. . . . T e n n .. 3.3 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.9 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.6 6.0 6.4 6.7 6.8 7.0 7.5 20% 30% INDEX. 40% A la. . A riz. A rk. . C al. . Colo. Conn. D ak. D e l.. D.C. F la . . Ga— Ida. 111. .. I n d .. Iowa K ans. .29 K y. ...2 3 N.C— 47 . 4 L a .........17 Ohio ..27 .37 M e___ 7 .25 M d___ 21 P a .........11 .45 M ass. . 8 R .I . . . . 2 .10 M ich . .20 S.C . . .41 .33 M inn. .18 . 9 M iss. ..36 T e x - . . 6 .14 Mo. ...3 2 U ta h .. 15 .22 M o n t. .46 V t.........5 .38 N ebr. .35 V a ........39 .40 N e v - . .26 ITasft.-42 .31) N.H- - 3 W .V a— 12 -24 N .J ---- 16 W is. —19 .28 N .M ex. 1 W y o . .44 .34 N .Y . -1 3 IEZDTX O -A -T IO T sT P l a t e 51 ILLITERACY.—SELECTED CLASSES, 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. Ratio o f W H IT E P E R SO N S Unable to W RITE, — Ratio o f C O L O R E D P E R S O N S Unable to W R IT E to Total White Persons, WZPtwrpE p p S E 1880. . J by States,. to Total Colored Persons, 1 1 / ) by States, —. 1880. __r'f\ r ^ J ^ ( 3 \V : 3 KANS. KANS. tenn, U n d e r 2# . 2# an d u n d e r 5# . Bank State. Per Cent 2# an d u n d e r 5# . SCALEi 1 #2# 0 0 Rank 30 N.Y. .. 6.4 29 N . J - - 6.4 28 Conn.. 6.5 27 Vt..... 6.7 26 Ill...... 6.7 25 Wis. .. 7.2 24 Minn— 7.4 23 Mass. . 7.8 22 Pa..... 8.1 21 Ind. . . 8.2 20 Utah.. 8.9 19 Md.... 9.2 t J . S . . . 9.4 18 Mo. ... 9.6 17 D e l.... 10.3 16 R.I.... 11.7 15 Tex. .. 12.2 14 Miss... 13.0 13 Ariz... 15.4 12 La---- 16.3 11 Fla. ... 16.6 10 Va. ... 16.7 9 W. Va. 17.3 8 S.C.... 18.8 7 Ga...... 19.3 6 Ark. .. 19.7 5 20.0 4 S f i . ~ 20.4 3 Tenn.. 23.4 2 N.C. .. 28.7 1 N.Mex. 62.1 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 75# an d over,. Rank State. Per Cent 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 M o n t.. W yo . . 2.2 2.3 2.8 3 .2 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.3 4.3 4.7 6.0 5.2 5 .3 5.4 5.6 5 .7 5.8 Wash.I d a .... O reg. . Nebr. . K a n s .. M e___ Dak... Iowa N.H. Nev. .. C al. . . . D.C. .. Colo. M ic h .. Ohio .. IN D E X , 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State. Per Cent. W is. . . 34.3 O hio .. 34.6 N ebr. . 34.8 N.J.... 35.8 Iowa .. 37.5 M in n .. 39.5 Wash.- 41.4 Dak... 42.2 Ill...... 42.7 I n d .... 44.4 Utah.. 54.1 K a n s .. 56.6 D.C. .. 59.3 Mo. . . . 60.9 Del—. 62.7 W . Va. 63.4 M d. . . . 66.3 I J .S .- - 73.1 Fla. ... 73.8 K y. . . . 75.4 T e n n .. 76.1 [Ark. .. 77.2 T ex. . . 78.6 M iss... 79.2 Va. ... 80.1 N.C— . 80.8 S .C — 81.9 L a____ 82.0 Ala— 84.1 Ga..... 84.3 N.Mex. 92.3 75# a n d over, SCALE i Rank vt by States, Per Cent. W yo. . N .H . .. M a s s... A r iz ... Conn. . C o lo .. . 1#„ 0 13.4 18.1 18.5 20.6 20.7 21.7 23.8 24.5 24.6 27.0 27.1 27.6 28.7 29.4 31.8 32.6 32.9 V t ------- N .Y . Nev. . . R . I ----- M e. — I d a . .. 34 C a l- . . 33 P a -----32 M o n t .. 3 1 M ic h .. Ratio o f W H IT E M A L E S Unable to W R IT E to Total White Males, State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 IN D E X , A la. . 3 K y------12 N .C— 6 A riz. 44 L a .........4 Ohio ..29 A rk. . .10 M e___ 37 O reg. .36 C al. - .34 M d. ...1 4 P a ------33 Colo. .42 M ass. .45 R .I. ...3 8 Conn. .43 M ich . .31 S .C . . . 5 Dak. 23 M inn. .25 T enn. .11 D e l... .16 M iss. .. 8 T ex. . . 9 D.C. .18 Mo. ...1 7 U ta h .. 20 F la. .. .13 M on t. .32 V t------41 G a .... 2 Nebr. .28 V a ........ 7 I d a . . .35 N ev— 39 W a sh .-24 111. .. . .22 N .H . ..46 Ind. .. .21 N .J. . .27 W is. ..30 Iowa .26 N .M ex. 1 W y o . .47 K ans. .19 N .Y . -4 0 Ratio o f C O L O R E D M A L E S Unable to W RITE, | I to Total Colored Males, f 1880. 1880. ( Jk by States, ____ I■ KANS. TENN, T ind er 1% U n d e r 2# . 2# an d u n d e r 5# . 2# an d u n d er 5#.. SCALEi 10# Rank State. 20# N .J. . Conn. M ich .. 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 111. . . . M inn. P a .. . M ass. W is. . U ta h . I n d ... V t. . . U .S .Mo. . . M d .. . D e l... R . I. . T ex. . M iss .. 75# an d over. Rank State. Per Cent. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 W yo. . M o n t. . W a sh .I d a . .. N ebr. . 1 .7 2 .1 2.6 2.7 3.0 3 .1 3.2 3.3 3 .9 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.0 5 .5 Ariz.. F la. .. W .V a . L a— V a .... A rk. . S. C— Ga— T enn. N.C. . J C a n s .. O reg. . D ak . .. Io w a C o lo ... D.C. .. M e. . . . N ev.. . C a l... . Ohio .. N .H ... N .Y ... IN D E X , 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Per Cent. SCALEi 10# 20# 30# N ebr. . 30.3 W is. .. 30.6 Ohio — 32.4 D ak. — 32.8 W a sh .- 32.9 N .J. . . 33.4 Iow a — 33.4 M in n .. 33.5 Ill......... 38.5 In d ---- 40.5 U t a h .. 51.2 K a n s .. 52.2 D.C. . . 54.0 Mo___ 57.6 D e l- .. 59.2 [W. V a. 60.0 Md----- 63.5 U . S . - 68.7 F la .. . . 69.5 T e n n .. 73.0 A rk. .. 73.2 K y. . . . 73.6 T ex. . . 75.9 M iss—. 76.0 N.C. . . 76.4 V a........ 78.1 S .C — 78.2 L a ........ Ga........ 81.2 A l a - . . 81.4 N .M ex. 89.8 Rank State. 47 W y o . . 46 M ass. . 4o N .H . 44 A r iz .. . 43 C o lo ... 42 C o n n .. 41 N e v - . 40 M e. . . . 39 N .Y .. . 38 R .I . . . 37 O reg. . 36 C a l.. . . 35 M o n t.. 34 V t ____ 33 I d a . .. 32 P a___ 31 M ic h - Ratio o f W H IT E F E M A L E S Unable to W RITE, Ratio o f C O L O R E D F E M A L E S Unable to W RITE, to Total Colored Females, i ! NEBR. 1 i m 2 KANS. IN D E X , 8.9 15.8 17.7 17.9 19.0 19 .7 2 1.2 2 1.7 22.5 24.8 25.1 25.2 25.3 26.1 27.8 28.6 30.2 White !— 75# a n d over,. S C ALE i Per Cent. \ i yT y g •'iaL bS y tates< 1880. / __a IOWA. KANS. TENN. U n d e r 2# . U n d e r 2# 2 # a n d u n d er 5# , 2# and u n d er 5# . Rank 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 N .J ... N .Y . . Conn. 111. ... W is. . M ass. M inn. I n d ... P a. . . M d. .. C o lo .. 75# an d over,. Rank A rk . .. A r iz ... T e n n .. N.C— N .M ex. State. Per Cent. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 M o n t. . W a sh .W yo. . O reg. . M e. . . . I d a . .. N ebr. . 2.5 3.2 K an s— N .H ... Iowa .. M ic h .. C a l- .. V t ------- D ak . .. D.C. . . O h io .. Nev. .. 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.5 5.7 6.2 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 IN D E X , A la. — 6 K y .. . . 7 N .C .—. 2 A r iz ... 4 L a .........13 Ohio — 32 A r k .. . 5 M e. ...4 3 O reg. .44 C al. ...3 6 M d. ...2 1 P a ____22 Colo. ..20 M ass. .25 R . Conn. .28 M ich . .37 S . C. . . 9 D ak. ..34 M inn. .24 T e n n .. 3 D e l..-1 9 M iss. ..14 T ex. - 1 6 D .C . ..33 Mo. ...1 7 U t a h .. 18 F la . ...1 1 M o n t. .47 V t------35 Ga........ 8 N ebr. .41 V a ........ 12 I d a — 42 N ev— 31 W a s h .-46 111......... 27 N .H. ..39 W .V a .-10 I n d .— 23 N .J . . .30 W is. ..26 Iow a ..38 N .M ex. 1 W y o . .45 K ans. .40 N .Y . ..29 I. State. Per Cent SCALEi W yo . _ Ida_ _ M in n — 10# 20# 30# 40# 43.2 45.7 47.1 111.......... 48.2 In d . . . 49.0 D a k ... 55.9 O reg. . 58.1 K a n s— 6 1.5 U ta h .. 6 1.6 M o n t .. 62.2 C al. — 62.6 D.C. .. 63.2 Mo. — 64.1 D e l - - 66.2 W a sh .- 66.8 W . V a. 67.3 M d. — 68.9 K y. . . . 77.1 I T . S . . 77.6 . — 12 F la . — 78.2 15 1 1 T e n n .. 78.9 10 T ex . . . 8 1.3 9 A rk. — 8 V a. — 8 1.9 7 M iss. — 82.3 6 L a ------ 83.7 5 N .C. - 84.8 4 S .O .— 2 1 Ga..... N .M ex. 95.4 C O PYRIG H T, 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SONS. 75# an d over. SC ALEi Rank State. 47 N .H ... 46 V t ......... 45 M ass. . 44 C o n n .. 43 N .Y . .. 42 C o lo ... 41 R . I — 40 A riz . .. 39 M e. — 38 P a ........ 37 M ic h .. 36 O h io .. 35 N .J — 34 W is. .. 33 N ebr. . 32 Nev. — 3 1 Iow a .. Per Cent. 18.5 20.7 2 1.1 21.6 26.4 28.3 28.8 29.2 333 34.9 36 .1 37.0 38.1 38.8 41.4 43 .1 1 #, 0 IN D E X , N .O .... 5 Ohio ..36 O reg. .24 P a. ....3 8 R. S . C. . . 4 T enn. .11 T e x ... .10 U ta h . . 22 V t.........46 V a ........8 W ash.-\6 W .V a .. 15 W is. ..34 W y o . .30 I. ...41 EDTJOATIOIT P l a t e 52 (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Cefisus, except as otherwise noted.) STATISTICS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS. ENROLLM ENT Ratio o f Enrollment to School Population, by States, 1880. R an k Ala. ..1 6 Mo.... 5 Ariz. .44 Mont. .46 Ark. ..24 Nebr..30 Cal. ..26Nev—43 Colo. .39 N.H...33 Conn-29 N.J. ..20 Dak. ..41 N.Mex40 Del. ..38 N.Y— 1 D. C. -.37 N.C. -.14 Fla. ..31 Ohio.. 3 Ga---- 10, Oreg. .35 Ida. ..45 Pa____2 IU___ 4 R.I----- 34 Ind. .. 6 S.C. ..19 Iowa.. 11 Tenn.. 9 Kans..21,Tex... 8 Ky. .. 7i Utah..36 La. ...22|Yt___ 32 Me----28,Va-----12 Md__ 23 Wash.-42 Mass.. 15; W.Va. 27 Mich. .13 Wis. ..17 Minn..25\Wyo. .47 Miss. .18' T O T A L SCH O O L PO PU LAT IO N , by States, 1880. S c h o o l P o p u la tio n . R an k 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 S ta te . Legal, b SCALE Censnt. Wyo. . N o Mont. . Ida. -. N o Ariz. . Nev-Wash.- c Dak... N.Mex / Colo. - re p o rt. 3 ,7 5 4 7 ,0 7 0 6 ,6 9 6 re p o rt. 7 .4 9 4 7 ,1 4 S 7 ,9 2 4 1 0 ,5 9 2 1 1 ,3 4 4 2 4 ,2 2 3 2 0 ,4 2 1 1 2 ,0 3 6 3 2 ,9 0 9 3 5 ,6 9 5 3 8 ,2 6 0 3 5 ,5 6 6 3 6 ,3 7 2 3 5 ,4 5 9 4 2 ,6 7 5 D e l. . . 4 3 ,5 5 8 4 7 ,7 2 7 4 0 ,6 7 2 4 8 ,0 6 3 5 9 ,6 1 5 5 0 ,0 2 8 6 8 .1 4 4 5 2 ,2 7 3 7 9 ,1 2 0 7 1 ,1 3 2 9 2 ,8 3 1 8 6 ,2 7 0 V t. -- . 8 8 ,4 4 5 8 8 ,6 7 7 1 4 2 ,3 4 S 1 3 5 ,1 5 8 3 5 5 ,5 1 2 1 4 0 ,2 3 5 2 1 4 ,6 5 6 3 6 6 ,8 5 6 2 1 0 ,1 1 3 2 0 6 ,3 9 8 2 1 6 ,3 9 3 2 1 5 ,9 7 8 2 3 7 ,5 7 5 2 7 1 ,4 2 8 2 6 6 ,0 7 5 2 4 7 ,5 4 7 2 7 9 ,4 1 2 3 3 0 ,5 9 0 3 0 0 ,1 5 3 2 7 3 ,8 4 5 3 1 6 ,0 2 9 3 4 0 ,6 4 7 3 3 0 ,6 8 5 3 1 6 ,4 2 1 e 2 2 8 ,1 2 8 3 3 0 ,6 2 3 3 8 6 ,1 3 6 4 2 6 ,6 8 9 4 8 3 ,2 2 9 4 0 5 ,8 7 8 3 8 8 ,0 0 3 4 2 1 ,3 2 8 A la . 3 0 7 ,3 2 1 4 2 7 ,5 2 6 4 5 2 ,1 6 4 4 5 9 ,3 2 4 4 6 4 ,3 8 2 5 0 6 ,2 2 1 4 9 0 ,5 7 4 5 5 5 ,8 0 7 5 1 0 ,1 1 0 5 8 6 ,5 5 6 4 3 3 ,4 4 4 5 1 1 ,5 5 5 5 4 4 ,8 6 2 5 1 5 ,7 0 1 5 1 8 ,9 2 5 2 3 0 ,5 2 7 5 4 5 ,1 6 1 7 0 3 ,5 5 8 7 0 1 ,5 1 0 7 2 3 ,4 8 4 9 4 3 ,6 5 3 1 ,0 1 0 ,8 5 1 9 5 1 ,2 7 8 1 ,0 4 3 ,3 2 0 / l , 3 7 0 , 0 0 0 1 ,2 6 0 , 3 8 6 1 ,6 4 1 , 1 7 3 D.C... Utah.. Oreg.. R.I— 3 3 N.H— / d 32 3 1 Fla. .. 3 0 Nebr2 9 Conn.. 2 8 Me..., 2 7 W.Va. 2 6 Gal. .. 2 5 Minn.. d 2 4 Ark... 2 3 Md. .. / 2 2 La. ... 2 1 Kans.. 2 0 N .J... 1 9 S.C. .. 1 8 Miss. . 1 7 Wis... 16 .. 1 5 Mass.. 1 4 N.C... 1 3 Mich.. 1 2 V a .... 11 Iow a. 1 0 G a.... C 9 Tenn.. 8 Tex... 7 K y.... 6 Ind. .. 5 Mo— 4 m ...... 3 Ohio.. c 2 P a.... 1 N.Y... ■Kans. N.J. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 scale P er Cent. S ta te . N. Mex La. .. Tex... Ark... S.C. .. Dak. .. Ala. .. Y a.... Ga.... Fla. .. Ariz. . ---------------------------S C A LE : o <5 R ank Rank State. Day*. .. ___________ _ _ 10 School Days per Y ear; 47 Wyo. . Wvo ^ f 20 30 40 50 46 Ida. .. No report 45 Ga_ _ 44 Fla. .. 43 42 iN.C. .. 54 41 Tenn.. 68 40 Tex... 73 39 S.C. .. 77 38 Miss. . 78 37 Ala. .. 80 36 Dak... 88 35 Wash.- 88 3 4 iColo. . 89 33 Oreg.. 90 32 Minn.. 94 31 Mont. . 96 30 W. Va. 99 29 Mo.... 100 28 Ky. . . 102 27 N.H... 105 26 Nebr.. 109 25 Ariz. . 109 24 V a.... 113 23 La. - .- .118 22 Me.... 120 21 Kans.. 121 20 Vt. ... 125 19 Utah.. 18 N. Mex 17 Ind. .. 136 16 Mich.. 141 1 5 Nev... 143 14 Pa. ... 13 Cal. .. 12 Iowa . 11 Ohio.. 10 Ill...... 9 Del. .. 8 W is... 7 Md.... 6 Mass.. 5 N.Y... 4 Conn. 3 R.I— 2 N .J.-. 1 D.C... 13 JO W A . iJa h '.'. . ... Md. .. 0 0 Tenn.. N.C. .. Miss. . Del. .. R.I---Colo- . N.J. .. n. mex. U n d e r 40%. M o . ___ W. Va. Mont.. Wash.W is... Mass.. IN D E X , 111_____ Cal. .. Nebr.. Oreg. . Ala. ..41'Mo....25 Ariz. .37 Mont. .23 Ark. -.44 Nebr..l7 Cal. ..18 Nev... 7 Colo. .27 N.H... 5 . a— N.J. .23 14 ..42 N.Mex 47 ..29 N.Y...13 ..33 N.C...31 ..38 Ohio.. 6 ..39 Oreg. .10 ..11 Pa. ...13 ..19 R.I.. .28 Ind. .. 4 S.C. ..43 Iowa.. 3 Tenn..32 Kans.-10,Tex...45 Ky_ 36 Utah..So _ La. -..40 V t.. .. 2 Me__ 1 Ya_ 40 _ Md. ..34 Wash.-22 Mass.. 20 W.Va.24 Mich.. 9 W is...21 Minn.. 8 Wyo. .12 Miss. .30 P a _____ Conn.. N .Y . - . Wyo. . Ida. .. Kans.. Mich.. Minn.. Nev... Ohio.. N.H... [nd. .. Iowa.. 2 Vt. ... 1 Me.... <-- SlIN EX D , Ala. . .37 Mo... .29 Ariz. .25 Mont. .31 Ark.. .43 Nebr. .26 Cal. ..13 Nev- .15 Colo. .34 N.H.. .27 |Conn. . 4 N.J. . 2 Dak. ..36 N.Mex 18 Del. .. 9 N.Y— 5 D.C.. . 1 N.C. . .42 Fla. . .44 Ohio. -11 Ga... .45 Oreg. .33 Ida. . .46 Pa. .. .14 . 111. . . .10 R.I— 3 Ind. . .17 S.C. . .39 Iowa. .12 Tenn. .41 Kans. .21 Tex.. .40 K y... .28 Utah. .19 La. .. .23 Vt. .. .20 Me... 22 V a... .24 Md... 7 Wash -35 Mass. 6 W.Va 30 Mich. .16W is.. 8 Minn. .32 Wyo. .47 Miss. .38 Ratio of Average Attendance to School Population, by States, 1880. Rank 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 IS 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 i State. (B ased on th e R eport of th e Com m issioner of E ducation-) . F e m a le s . I SCALE: M aleg- | a Fem ales- M le s . I N reported. 1 ot N reported. 1 ot $20 9 6 21 75 21 75 $23 89 $25 24 26 66 21 90 26 70 27 50 17 44 27 84 28 19 1 24 65 29 20 i 30 05 1 24 79 30 83 26 28 31 16 28 42 32 36 25 98 32 47 21 68 32 97! 22 23 34 12 22 00 35 00 30 00 35 00 27 52 35 29 31 92 36 12 24 91 37 14 35 20 37 20 25 73 37 28 40 00 41 06 33 34 41 14 41 40 31 80 41 92 40 87 42 84 33 38 44 19 30 00 50 00 40 00 50 00 32 90 55 8255 94 39 00 56 00 35 45 56 43 30 59 67 54 42 99 70 24] 56 41 71 64* 64 73 80 261 70 00 83 00 a5 00' 62 24 90 16 77 00 101 47 80% an d over. a This exhibit is based on the census re turns, as the “ Report of the Commissioner of Education ” gives the school population at the legal school age only, which varies so widely as to be misleading when used for making comparisons. (See chart below.) Besides, the Commissioner’s Report does not contain data for all states in 1880. This ex planation applies equally to Attei_dance and Expenditure. Per $2 per Month ATTENDANCE SC A LE : L . ______ 1880 . N. Mex 09 La. ... 19 Tex.. A rk... Dak... V a .... Ala. .. Ga.... S.C. .. Md.... N.C... Utah.. N.J. .. Mo. .. Colo. . Tenn.. R.I— Ariz. . Miss. . Del. .. N.Y... D.C... Minn.. Mont.. W. Va. Wis... Kans.. m___ Nebr.. Conn.. Nev... Cal. .. Pa. ... Iowa . W . i/o. Ida. .. Wash.[nd. .. Ohio.. Oreg.. v t . ... Mass.. Mich.. N.II... Me— R A T IO to School Population; by States, Cent. U n d e r 25%. 41 43 45 40% to 45%. IN D E X , Ala.. .41 Ky... Ariz. .28 La.. . Ark...44 Me... Cal.. .14 Md... Colo. .31 Mass, Conn..16 Mich. Dak...43 Minn, Del. ..26 Miss. D. C—24 Mo... Fla__ 36 Mont. Ga_ 40 Nebr _ Ida. ..10 Nev.. Ill...... 18 N.H.. Ind.. . 8 N.J.. Iowa .12 N.Me Kans. .19 N.Y.. 47 1 53 1 64 Average Monthly W a ge s o f Teachers, by States, 1880, Stale. k StaU }47 Tex... 46 N.Mex 45 Ala. -. 44 N.C. .. 43 K y .... 42 S.C. -. 41 Tenn.. 40 Dak... 39 La. ... 38 Vt. ... 37 W. Va. 36 V a.... 35 Miss. . 34 Del. .. 33 Iowa . 32 P a.... 31 Kans.. 30 M e.... 29 N.H— 28 U tah.. 27 Mo— . 26 Minn.. 25 Nebr.. 24 Wis. . 23 Ind. .. 22 Mich.. 21 Fla. .. 20 Md— 19 W ash.18 N.Y— 17 111_____ 16 Colo. . 15 Oreg.. 14 Ga. ... 13 Ark... 12 N .J... 11 W yo... 10 Ohio.. 9 Conn.. 8 Mass.. 7 R.I__ 6 Mont. . 5 Cal.. . 4 Ariz. . 3 Ida. .. 2 D.C... 1 i Nev.... by States, 4 v _ 1880. _ b The column “ Legal ” is from the Report of the Commissioner of Education for 1880. c, 1879; d, 1878; e, 1877; /, “ Estimated.” (Based on th e R eport of th e Com m issioner of E ducation.) R an k X : Dwa Average Number o f Actual School Days, by States, 1880, ■' RA TIO to School Population IN D E X , Ala.. .45 Ky._..43[N.C...44 Ariz. . 4 La___39 Ohio.. 10 Ark.-.13 Me. ...30 Oreg. .15 Cal.. . 5 Md__ 20 Pa---- 32 Colo. .16 Mass.. 8 R.I__ 7 Conn- 9 Mich._22S.C- -42 Dak...40 Minn..26 Tenn..41 Del.. .34 Miss. .35 Tex...47 D.C... 2 M o--27 Utah .28 Fla- .21 Mont.. 6 Vt___38 Ga---- 14 Nebr..25 Va— 36 Id a ... 3 Nev... 1 Wash. 19 111...... 17 N.H—29 W.Va.37 Ind__ 23 N.J. ..12 Wis...24 Iowa .33 N.MexA6 Wyo. .11 Kans. .31 N.Y...18_______ rh ite teachers.) (B ased on the R eport o f th e Com m issioner o f E ducation.) Rank 9 Legal Period. Ala. ...4 Mo...... 4 AHz. ..3 Mont. .A Ark__ 3 Nebr...2 Cal. ...0!Nev__ 6 Colo. -.3 N.II.-..8 Conn...6 N.J. ...5 Dak— 2 N. Mex.7 Del. ...3 N.Y..— 2 D.C. ...7 N.C_ 3 _ Fla. ...I Ohio...3 Ga.......6 Oreg. ..2 Ida. ...2 Pa.......3 Legal Age. 6 years_ 8 to 14 _ 8 10 years_ 5 to 15 _ 6 to 16 7 11 years_ 7 to 18 _ 6 to 17 4 to 16 6 12 years_ 5 to 17 _ 6 to 18 5 13 years---- 5 to 18 4 14 years_ 6 to 20 _ 7 to 21 3 15 years_ 5 to 20 _ 6 to 21 Ihoois— en, $87; Women, $40, M 74; W bm en, $35.06) 55% an d over M d . Mi< 2 16 years_ 4 to 20 _ 5 to 21 i Ind___3 Iow a-.2 Kans... 2 Ky.......4 La.......6 Me...... 1 Md...... 3 Mass.. .8 Mich.-.3 Minn.. .2 Miss. . .2 17 years_ 4 to 21 _ Grac •hooter-Meh,$101.75; 'W dmen, $64.39. | $58 $60 ATofe.—The color bars indicate the period of legal school age, and begin and end at the years fixed by law in the states named in the bars. The school age recognized by the census, five to seventeen, is indicated by the heavy black lines. $100 C O P YR IG H T , 1883, B Y" C H A R L E S SCRIBNER-’S SONS. I EDTJCATIOIT P l a t e 53 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS. —Continued. EXPENDITURE PER CAPITA of Average Attendance in 166 Cities, 1880. Total Expenditure, by States, (Based on the Report of the Commissioner of Education.) 1880. R ank State i I City. P 166 165 Allentown, Pa................. 164 fey West, Fla. a ............. 163 162 161 Shenandoah, P a .............. 160 rrederick, Md. a.............. 159 158 iforS, Pa.......................... 157 156 155 154 jeavenworth, Kans........ 153 152 Chattanooga, Tenn......... 151 150 149 148 147 146 145 leading,’ Pa. a................. 144 143 142 141 140 139 138 Jarlborough, Mass......... 137 136 135 Saginaw, Mich................. 134 Richmond, Va.................. 133 Memphis, Tenn................ 132 131 130 129 Steubenville, Ohio a........ 128 Philadelphia, Pa.............. 127 126 125 Bellville, 111...................... 124 123 122 121 120 119 118 117 Ottawa, 111. a ................... 116 115 Paterson, N. J .................. 114 Allegheny, Pa.................. 113 112 111 110 Rome, N. Y. a................. 109 108 Brooklyn, N .Y................ 107 106 Binghamton, N. Y............ 105 New Brunswick, N. J ...... 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 Elgin, 111... ...................... 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 Hornellsville, N. Y........... 86 85 Saratoga Springs, N. Y ... 84 83 82 Dover, N. H..................... 81 80 79 78 77 76 Elmira, N. Y.................... 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 St. Louis, Mo*................. 61 Newark, N . J. a.............. 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 Utica. N. Y....................... 52 51 50 49 48 Springfield, Ohio a ........... 47 Troy, N. Y............. .......... 46 45 44 43 42 Long Island City, N. Y ... 41 40 39 Washington, D. C. d........ 38 Albany, N. Y.................... 37 36 35 34 33 Fremont, Ohio................. 32 Springfield, Mass............. 31 Baltimore, Md.................. 30 Council Bluffs, Iowa....... 29 28 27 26 25 Cohoes, N. Y .................... 24 Columbus, Ohio............... 23 22 21 Denver, Colo. (5-8 of city) 20 19 Des Moines, (west), Iowa. 18 Buffalo, N. Y................... 17 Cambridge, Mass............. 16 15 Los Angeles, Cal. a ......... 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 San Francisco, Cal.......... 7 6 5 4 3 1 Virginia City, Nev............ (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census, except as otherwise noted.) 47 Wyo. . 46 NMex 45 Id a ... 44 Ariz. . 43 Mont.. 42 Wash. 41 Fla.. . 40 Utah.. 39 Del.. . 38 Dak... 37 Nev... 36 Oreg.. 35 S.C., . 34 Ark... 33 N.C... 32 Colo. . 31 Ala. .. 30 D.C... 29 Vt.. 28 La... . 27 R.T---26 N.II... 25 G a .... 24 Miss. . 23 W.Va. 22 Tex... 21 Tenn.. 2D [Va.... 19 Me.... 18 Nebr.. 17 K y .... 16 Conn.. 15 Md.... 14 Minn.. 13 Kans.. 12 N.J. .. 11 Wis.. . 10 Cal.... 9 Mo.... 8 Mich.. 7 Iowa . 6 Ind.. . 5 Mass.. 4 Pa___ 3 in ...... 2 Ohio.. 1 N.Y... — SCALE: Am ount $ 28,504 28,973 38,411 61,172 68,002 112,615 117,724 170,887 172,455 183,257 212,164 316,885 367,259 382,637 383,709 400,205 430,131 438,567 452,693 455,758 530,167 568,103 653,464 679,475 720,967 782,735 786,088 889,862 991,297 1,079.966 1,162,944 1,335,234 1,395,284 1.622,919 1,819.561 2,039,938 2,163,845 3,031,014 3,092,332 3,112,468 4,347,119 4,.K 04,407 4.720,951 7,306,692 7,536,682 7,707,630 9,936,662 $ 2 , 000,000 $4,000,000 U n d e r $1 p e r C a p ita _S 3 $ 1 and under $2 Ala. . .31 Mo... 9 A rk ...34 Mont. .43 Ariz. .44 Nebr. .18 Cal... .10 Nev.. .37 Colo. .82 N.II.. .26 Conn. .16 N.J.. .12 Dak.. .38 N.MexA6 Del.. .39 N.Y.. . 1 D. a ...30 N.C.. .33 Fla... .41 Ohio. . 2 G a... .25 Oreg. .36 Ida.. .45 Pa.. . 4 111.... 3 it.i... .27 Ind.. . 6 S.C.. .35 Iowa . 7 Tenn. .21 Kans. .13 Tex.. .22 K y... .17 Utah. .40 La... .28 V t... .29 Me... .19 V a ... .20 Md... .15 Wash 42 Mass. . 5 W.Va 23 Mich. . 8 Wis.. .11 Minn. .14 Wyo. .47 Miss. .24 $ ,0 0 C I0 0 ,C 0 $ 4 $ 6 $ 8 $10 Expenditure Per Capita o f School $ 1 0 an d over Population, by States, 1880. Per ■ n State C la k apita SCALE: $2 per Capita. 47 N. Mex $ 0 81 46 N.C... 85 45 Ala. .. l oa 44 S.C. .. 1 12 43 Ga.... 1 28 42 Fla. .. 1 83 41 Ark... 1 44 40 Tex... 1 51 39 La. ... 1 52 38 Tenn.. 1 52 37 Jliss. . 1 76 36 V a.... 1 61 35 K y.— 2 13 34 W. Va. 3 49 33 Utah.. 3 56 32 Del. .. 4 04 31 Mo.... 4 41 30 Md. .. 4 99 29 Ida. .. 5 13 28 v t . ... 5 25 27 Wis... 5 33 26 Wash.- 5 51 25 Dak... 5 57 24 Kans.. 5 76 23 P a.... 5 80 22 Me.... 5 94 21 Oreg.. 6 33 20 N.J. .. 6 45 19 Mich.. 6 70 18 Minn.. 6 63 17 N.II... 7 16 16 Ind. .. 7 26 15 N.Y... 7 43 14 Wyo. . 7 59 13 Ariz. . 7 72 12 R.I---- 7 78 11 111___ 7 99 10 Nebr.. 7 99 9 Ohio.. 8 10 8 Iowa . 8 52 7 Conn.. i: 59 19 6 D.C. . 5 Mont.. 1(J 16 4 Colo. . ii 00 3 Mass.. n 04 2 Cal. .. 14 01 1 Nev... 18 70 * In the exhibit on “ Expenditure per Capita, by States,” the total outlay is apportioned among all children of school age, without regard to attendance. In the exhibit on city schools the expenditure for grounds and buildings is deducted, and that for salaries and incidentals is apportioned among actual at tendants only. IN D E X . $20 Ratio o f Enrollment and Average Attendance, to Legal (Based on the Report of the Commissioner of Education.) Attend. Enroll. 27* 26 26 27 31 29 31 30 34 39 32 31 34 34 52 50 80 Ala. . .45 Mo— .31 Ariz. .13 Mont. . 5 Ark.. .41 Nebr. .10 Cal.. 2 Nev.. . 1 Colo. . 4 N.H.. .17 Conn. . 7 N .J.. .20 Dak. ..25 N.Mex 47 Del. . .32 N.Y.. .15 D.C.. . 6 N.C.. .46 Fla. . .42 Ohio. . 9 Ga... .43 Oreg. .21 Ida. . .29 P a ... .23 111.. . .11 R.I... .12 Ind. . .16 S.C. . .44 Iowa . 8 Tenn. 38 Kans. .24 Tex. .40 Ky. - -.35 Utah. .33 La. .. .39 Vt. .. .28 Me... .22 Va... .36 Md... .36 Wash -26 Mass. . a W.Va.34 Mich. .18 Wis.. .27 Minn .1* Wyo. .14 Miss. .37 Note.—'This exhibit has the disadvantage of the varying basis of legal school age. For example, the attendance and enrollment of Boston and Providence are compared with a school population covering only ten years— viz., from five to fifteen— giving them a de cided advantage over New York, Brooklyn, Buffalo, and Albany, in which comparison is made with a school population covering fif teen years. School Population, in 17 Cities, 1880. N ew Orleans, L a . . Buffalo, N .Y ......... Albany, N .Y ......... Detroit, Mich........ Cincinnati, Ohio----Louisville, K y .. Chicago, 1 1 1 ...... Milwaukee, W is ... . Cleveland, O h io----Brooklyn, N .Y .. St. Louis, M o.......... Jersey City, N .J— Baltimore, Md........ N ew York, N . Y . ... San Francisco, Cal.. Providence, R .I . .. . Boston, Mass. . , 31* 33 40 40 41 43 45 53 55 55 73 104 INDEX. P ennsylvania . New Y ork. Malden................. 28 Marlborough....... 138 . 38 Allegheny............114 Newton............... 6 Auburn............. 83 Allentown........... 165 Northampton---- 121 Binghamton...... .106 Altoona...............157 Pittsfield...............66 Brooklyn.......... -1U8 Carbondale......... 166 Salem.................. 9 - 18 Erie...................... 78 Somerville_ _ Cohoes.............. . 25 Harrisburg......... 107 Springfield............32 Elmira............... . 76 Lebanon..............151 Taunton................56 Hornellsville---- . 87 Meadville............127 Woburn................74 .118 Norristown...........59 Colorado. Worcester............ 50 Kingston........... - 80 Philadelphia........128 Lockport...............46 Pittsburgh............70 M ichigan. Ottumwa............ 67 Connecticut. Reading...............145 Ann Arbor.......... 109 Long Island City. 42 Scranton.............139 Kansas. Newburgh.............90 Bridgeport.......... 68 Meriden.............. 77 Leavenworth___ 154 Bay City............... 40 New York............. 14 Shamokin........... 162 New Haven.........64 Topeka................153 Detroit..................79 Oswego................149 Shenandoah........ 161 East Saginaw___ 73 Poughkeepsie_ 69 Williamsport....... 116 _ K entucky . Grand Rapids___ 81 Rochester.............51 York....................158 Delaware . Louisville............112 Muskegon............. 92 Rome...................110 R hode I sland. Wilmington........ Ill Newport............. 143 Saginaw.............. 135 Saratoga Springs. 85 Syracuse............. 104 Newport.............. 27 M innesota. Dist. of Columbia . Paducah..............142 T ennessee. L ouisiana. Minneapolis..........45 Troy......................47 Georgetown........39 Utica.....................53 Chattanooga....... 152 Washington........ 39 New Orleans.......88 Stillwater............ 23 Knoxville............ 132 St. Paul................ 16 Ohio. M aine. F lorida. Memphis_______ 133 Akron................... 89 Nashville.............100 Missouri. Auburn............... 140 Hannibal............. 144 Canton................ 124' T exas . Georgia. Bangor................159 St. Joseph............. 84 Cincinnati............. 22 St. Louis................62 Cleveland............. 44 San Antonio........130 Columbus............. 24 Portland............. 57 V irginia . I llinois. Nevada. Dayton................. 37 Rockland............ 160 Belleville.............125 Virginia City....... 1 Fremont............... 33 Alexandria..........131 Maryland . Danville.............. 163 Hamilton.............. 72 New H ampshire . Ironton................137 Lynchburg........... 75 _ Dover................... 82 Mansfield_ ____ 95 Richmond........... 134 Manchester.......... 55 W isconsin. Elgin..................97 M assachusetts. Nashua............... 148 Portsmouth.........103 Sandusky............ 101 Fond du Lac....... 122 Galesburg........... 126 Springfield............48 Janesville............ 120 Jacksonville........54 Boston................ 3 N ew J ersey . Ottawa............... 117 Cambridge..........17 Elizabeth..............93 Steubenville........129 Milwaukee........... 58 Quincy................123 Chicopee..-........ 4 Newark................ 61 Tiffin............... Racine.................. 94 Fitchburg........... 35 Toledo............. Rockford............ 147 Watertown..........102 Rock Island........ 86 Gloucester.......... 113 New Brunswick.. 105 Zanesville............. 20 Haverhill.............26 Orange..................12 Oregon. I ndiana. Holyoke..............13 Paterson.............115 Fort Wayne........ 29 Lynn................... 60 Trenton................52 Portland.............. 11 Indianapolis........43 A rkansas . 91 Little Rock.........119 Logansport......... 98 South Bend____ California . Terre Haute........65 Los Angeles........ 15 I owa. Oakland..........— 7 Burlington.......... 34 Sacramento........ 2 Council Bluffs_ 30 _ San Francisco---- 8 Stockton............. 5 Davenport......... -4 1 Des Moines......... 19 C O PYR IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C a iB N £ R 'S SONS.- EDTJCATIOIT P l a t e 54 Number of Students, 59,594. UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES Institutions, 364. L O C A T IO N AND C L A S S IF IC A T IO N (Based on the Report of the Commis sioner of Education.) L 1880. >rtland WH \C . lu ffalo ai tana M )ia9 j)etrqit| ' 2- Dubuque* Qmahu^ L in coljf )^ j» LeavenwortI Togelttft KAN S. \ Ratio o f Students in Collegiate Departments to Total Pop ulation, by States, / 1880. R an k --- r> ' La. ... S.C. .. Nebr.. Miss. . Colo. . v t . . .. Ga.... W. Va. Kans.. Ala. .. A rk... Del. .. Minn.. Wis. .. Va. . . Tex... P a .... Ind. .. N.J. .. N.C... Me.... Mich.. Ill...... N.Y... N.H... K y.... Iowa . Mo.... Ohio.. V.C... ■ I : ;. j C * 1 to 5,000 : .0 0 9 .0 2 5 . ~ INDEX. 1 t o 2,500 1 to 2,000 .0 3 3 1 t o 1,667 1 \ ^Memphis !-T; ' 1 qjjlUJlhta X ittloR o ck L „ ...... : ________; J---- - Ala. ..29 Ky_ 18IN.C. ..19 _ Ariz. .39 La. ..38 Ohio.. 10 A rk .. .28 Me__ 18 Oreg.. 1 Cal. .. 7 Md. .. 5 Pa. ...22 Colo. .34 Mass.. GR.I__ 8 Conn.. 3 Mich..17 S.C. ..37 Dak. ..39 Minn. .26 Tenn.. 4 Del. ..27 Miss. .35 Tex...23 V.C... 9 Mo.. ..11 Utah.. 39 Fla. ..39 Mont. .39 Vt. ...33 Ga_ 32 Nebr. .36 Va_ 24 _ _ Ida. ..39 Nev...39 Wash.- 2 in .. ..i6 N.H... 14 W. Va.31 Ind. ..21 N.J. ..20 W is...25 Iowa.. 12 N.Mex 39 Wyo. .39 Kans..30 N.Y...151 1 t o 1,333 I EX', 1 .Student to 10,000 Population N o n e r e j>orted. 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 T Fejf~l r\ SCALE: P er C e n t. S ta te . -1 ’ . . ....... ' * .^N*s1iy111o t £N o.> N \ ! ARK. V ^Atlanta J L-leston, *sf KEY aiontgouxery •Shreveport Non-Sectarian „ 84 Q T, y \ o° P ' Religious------ 276 (?) Not Reported— 4 \ Students in Collegiate Departments o f 21 Leading 1 to 1,250 1 to 1,111 to 1,000 R . I ____ Cal. .. Mass.. Md.... .122 Tenn.. Conn.. . 1 5 2 Lvestoa * Colleges and Universities, 1880. SCALE; College or University. Hiram College............ H iram , O hio................ Canisius College.......... Buffalo, N. Y .............. Lincoln University........ L incoln, III...................... Ind. Asbury University.. G reen castle, In d ......... Vassar College............. P o u gh k eep sie, N. Y . State University of Iowa Iowa C ity, Io w a........... Williams College... W illiam stow n , M ass.. Rutherford College H appy H om e, N. C .. Dartmouth College Hanover, N. f t ................ .. 247 Brown University------- P rovid en ce, R . I ......... O. Wesleyan University . D elaw are, O hio........... C olum bia C o lle g e .............. New Y ork, N. Y .......... Oherlin College............ O berlin, O h io .............. Amherst College........... A m h erst, M ass............ University of Wisconsin. M adison, W is ................ ::: ) College of New Jersey... P rin ceto n , N. J ........... : University of Michigan.. A nn A rbor, M ich . . . . Coll, of City of New York New Y ork, N Y .......... f.-i Baltimore City College .. B altim o re, M d.............. Y a le C o llege . H arvard C o lleg e. 20 40 60 80100 2 0 0 Students in Collegiate Depts. n il 20 0 00 600 700 800 New H aven, Conn— C am b rid ge, M ass........ I to 500 W ash.- O r e g .. Number of Students, 25,780. S U P E R IO R IN S T R U C T IO N OF WOMEN. J Institutions, 227. L O C A T IO N AND C L A S S IF IC A T IO N (Based on the Report of the Commis- x sioner of Education.) HpSlL 1SBO. / >rtlana IMinneapolis** N H llC fa a W5 nT ? ® 1 Milwaukee* ira»to»* Detroit! D acinc Dubuque* C ievei DesMbines Lincoln* |ND. eolonihu. J idianaP011® wn.innatt .. {• Leavenworth R b °u ic ja ? Togel&. --------------N a s h v ille 7 « U \ Qj Ratio o f Students in Collegiate Columbia •c f L ittle Roclc fl ARK. .A tlanta / rleston, Departments to Total Pop ulation, by States, ! 1880. .Sl&eveport j KEY « A LA .. Montgomery- Non-Sectarian _ . 6 9 ilank 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 « 7 e 6 4 3 2 1 State. Per Cent. N o n e r e p orted. .0 0 2 .0 0 3 .0 0 7 .0 1 2 .0 1 7 .0 2 1 .0 2 2 .0 2 3 .0 2 4 .0 2 5 .0 2 6 .0 2 7 .0 2 8 .0 3 0 .0 3 2 .0 3 5 .0 3 6 .0 3 8 111_____ . 0 3 9 .0 4 2 .0 4 8 .0 5 3 .0 5 6 .0 5 6 .0 5 9 . .0 5 9 . . .0 6 5 .0 6 6 . .0 7 1 .0 7 4 .0 7 9 .0 8 2 -------- .1 0 1 Mich.. Ind. . . Kans.. Iowa.Minn.. Wis... Pa. ... Cal. . . N.J. . . Del. . . S.C. . . La. ... Vt. ... Ohio.. Md.. . Tex... W. Va. N.C.. . Conn.. N.Y... Me.... N.H... Nev... Mo.... Miss. Ala. V a .... Oreg. Mass.. Tenn.. K y.... Ga ggpm SCALE: m 1 Student to 10,000 Population. IN D E X . 1 to 5,000 1 to 3,333 1 to 2,500 1 to 2,000 1 to 1,667 1 to 1,428 1 to 1,250 1 to 1,111 A la .. 7 Mo... 9 Ariz. 34 Mont. .34 A rk.. .34Nebr. .34 Cal. . .26 Nev. .10 Colo. .34 N.H.. .11 Conn. .14 N.J. . .25 Dak. . .34 N.Mex 34 Del. . .24 N.Y.. 13 D. C. ..34 N.C.. .16 Fla. . .34 Ohio. .20 Ga... 1 Oreg. 5 Ida. . .34 P a ... .27 111. -. .15 R.I... .34 Ind. . .32 S.C. . .23 Iowa .30 Tenn. 3 Kans. .31 Tex.. .18 Ky... 2 Utah. .34 L a... .22 v t,... .21 Me... .12 Va. . 6 Md. . .19 Wash -34 Mass. 4 W.Va 17 Mich. .33 Wis.. .28 Minn. .29 Wyo. .36 Miss. . 8 Jacksonvi 6 'i ' s ~ 5 San Antonio I to 1,000 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS. O Religious '\ v 'v \ C W ® — -1 4 9 !Not Reported— 9 E D U C A T IO IT P l a t e 55 Number of Students, NORMAL SCHOOLS 43,077. Institutions, IN C L U D IN G N O R M A L D E P A R T M E N T S O F C O L L E G E S A N D U N IV E R S IT IE S . > 220. 1 % L O C A T IO N AND C L A S S IF IC A T IO N . jf (Based on the Report of the CommisL sioner of Education.) >rtland ■ NUCH. fa»aTtaPias petro*" Dbqe uuu' sp y IO W A [nns> Lincoln* ) c.nno®® Topeka V^J\>£oulsvUle KAN S. [em p h is ^lurnbia. Ratio o f Students to Total Popu • S .C - lation, by States, 1880. tlank rlestOJ Per state. Cent. sc a l e : 1 to 10,000 Population. None reported. M IS S . (Shreveport N.H... Colo. . Ohio.. Conn.. Vicksburg KEY AA L .. Montgomery Under State Support a..84 ® 1 to 5,000 Under County Support-.1 Q !■ l t o 3.333 ffe.- Oreg.. Mich.. Ga. — Tex... Miss. . La. ... Utah.. Kans.. N .J... V a.... Fla. .. R. Iowa.. Ind. .. Ark... Mo.... N.C... Mass.. Ill___ Md.... Cal. .. Nebr.. Me.... S. C. .. Minn.. Ala. .. Tenn.. W. Va. N.Y... Vt. ... D.C. . Wis... Pa. ... Mbbile Under City Support.......21 © IN D E X I to 2,500 1 to 2,000 1 to 1,607 !H 1 to 1,428 I— lt o 1,250 1 to 1,111 I to 10,000 1 to 909 40 M Ala. .. 8 Mo.... 18 Ariz. .40 Mont. .40 Ark. ..19 Nebr.. 12 Cal. ..13 Nev...40 Colo. .38 N.H...39 Conn.. 36 N.J. ..25 Dak. ..40 N.MexiO Del. ..40 N.Y... 5 D.C... 3 N.C...17 Fla. ..23 Ohio.. 37 Ga----31 Oreg .33 Ida. ..40 Pa___1 111...... 15 R. Ind. ..20 S. C. -.10 Iowa. .21 Tenn.. 7 Kans..26 Tex...30 Ky----35 Utah..2^ La. ...28 Vt. ... 4 Me....11 Va----24 Md— 14 Wash.-34 Mass.. 16 W.Va. 6 Mich. .32 Wis... 2 Minn.. 9 Wyo. .40 Miss. .29 Private Schools 114 San Antonio I... .22 a. Certain public schools receive support from two or more sources, and are classi fied to indicate the chief source of aid. 1 to 714 1 to 667 Number of Students, IN S T IT U T IO N S FOR 110,277. SECONDARY INSTRUCTION Institutions, 1,264. L O C A T IO N AND C L A S S IF IC A T IO N (Based on the Report of the Commis sioner of Education.) 1 SSO. > rtlan cl M inneapolis*' W UCH. Milwaukee; •Racing D etro it r--------IO W A «kecitj,.-/ O maha <f S Lincoln* ) ? IN . 1 oy'° ■ *? O idu E^ ,Clu * so rJ Um 1 b na ° P8 KAN S, Ratio o f Students to Total Popu Santa PJ f * } lation, by States, 1880. Rank 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 S ta te . N one rejx Per Cent. jrted. Kans.. .0 2 9 Nebr.. . 0 4 0 La. ... .0 4 9 Mich.. .0 6 1 Ala. .. .0 8 2 Ark... . 0 8 3 Colo. . .0 8 7 Ohio.. .1 0 7 Wyo. . . 1 1 0 Mo. .. .1 2 1 V a.... .1 2 8 R.I— . 1 3 0 Ind. .. .1 3 4 Wash.- . 1 4 3 Mass.. .1 4 4 W. Va. .1 4 8 Pa. ... .1 4 8 Wis... .1 5 0 in___ .1 5 2 S.C. .. .1 6 2 Tex... . 1 7 2 N.C... . 1 8 9 Miss. . . 2 1 0 K y.... . 2 1 2 Md.... .2 4 1 •Minn.. .2 6 1 Iowa . .2 7 0 Me.... .2 9 5 Conn.. . 3 2 5 N.J. .. . 3 2 9 Del. .. . 3 3 2 Tenn.. .3 7 9 N.Y... , 3 t * Fla. .. .4 0 1 Cal. .. .425: N.H... .5 0 1 Ga.... .52c V t.... .7 2 6 N. Mex .7 6 5 D.C..- .7 7 1 3 2 1 S S f:: ;m phte ° Columbia- v .»s.c. SCALE: 1 Student to 10,000 Population.] I | 1 to 3,333 v -’ © : ' 9 . to 2,000 1 to 1,428 Lto 1,000 Ala. . .38 Mo.- .33 Ariz. .43 Mont. .43 Ark.. .37 Nebr. .41 Cal.. . 8 Nev.. .43 Colo. .36 N.H.. . 7 Conn. .14 N .J.. .13 Dak.. .43 N.Mex: 4 Del. . .12 N.Y.. .10 D.C.. . 3 N.C.. .21 Fla. .. 9 Ohio. .35 Ga... . 6 Oreg. . 2 Ida. . .43 P a... .26 111.. ..24 R.I... .31 Ind. . .30 S.C. . .23 Iowa .16 Tenn. 11 Kans. .42 Tex.. .22 K y... .19 Utah. . 1 La. .. .40 Vt. .. . 5 Me... .15 V a... .32 Md... .18 Wash.-29 Mass. .28 W.Va .27 Mich. .39 Wis.. .25 Minn. .17 Wyo. .34 Miss. .20 1 1 —1 < rp j ■ cJ . v rleston, 0 KEY - c •i.o':-' .v.'O: o . 1 »Slireveport ------ --------- - M IS S , ^JV^cksburg Non-Sectarian _488 0 M ontgom ery Religious____ _561 Q to 909 1 to 833 1 to 7 1 to 714 1 to 667 1 to 625 1 to 588 1 to 555 l t o 526 1 • J k BB 3 M TM to I to 500 I to 333 I to 2 5 0 Not Reported _ 215 Q a. The Commissioners’ Re port says, “ Secondary in struction is an expression of somewhat vague meaning in the United States, compre hending all instruction in other than e l e m e n t a r y schools and that given in the collegiate departments of universities, colleges, and professional schools.” The report states that the statistics do not include “ high schools, preparatory schools, and departments of normal schools, and of in stitutions for superior in struction.” I to 2 0 0 4-8$ in-. H i in. +- 4$ in. T Gi in. + 22 in. .8 4 0 1 .5 8 5 C O PYRIG H T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SONS. EDTJCATION P l a t e 56 STATISTICS OF SPECIAL SCHOOLS. Number of Students: __PREPARATORY. In P rep, schools, a s p er ) m ap, 13,239; in Prep of h ig h e r schools, 3 -CORLMJRCIAL AND BUSINESS. Number o f Students, LO C A T IO N OF 27,146. Schools, Institutions, Total, as per Chart, LOCATION Schools, 162, 47,554. Institutions, 125. Ratio of Students to Total Population, by States, 1880. Rank State 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 A l a .... D e l.... iW . V a. V a. . . . N.C. .. M in n .. N. J ---T ex. . . M d .. . . M ic h .. A rk . . . S . C ... . P a ........ L a-----Ind. . . K y. . . . v t ......... K a n s .. W is. . . Mo___ M i88. . . Nev. .. W a sh . U ta h .. Ill......... Ga........ N .Y . .. N ebr. . C o lo ... Iowa . . Ohio .. M e. . . . Conn. . M ass. . T e n n .. D .C. .. Cal. . . . 3 R .I — 2 N .H ... 1 O reg. . Per Cent. .021 .025 .030 .036 .036 .040 .041 .048 .061 .063 .065 .072 .077 .078 .078 .080 .087 .087 .088 .091 .093 .101 .110 .11(1 .112 .112 .119 .121 .122 .123 .127 .134 .139 .164 .181 .191 .209 .233 .248 .337 Ratio of Students Total Population, by States, 1880. K«.k State Per Cent V a. . . . 29 M iss ... 28 T ex. . . 27 T e n n .. 26 K a n s .. 25 N ebr. . .025 30 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 1L 10 9 8 7 6 5 10 0 ,0 0 M EDICAL 4 to 10,000 5 to 1 0 , 0 0 0 K v. ... 6 to 10,000 ?to„10,000 8 to 10,000 9 to 10,000 10 to 1 0 , 0 0 0 , | 1 1 to 10,000 1 2 to 10,000 I 13 to 10,000 M d. ... 14 to 10,000 15 to 1 0 ,0 0 0 R .I — Number of Commitments, L O C A T IO N LOCATION OF 11,921. and Classification Institutions, 3 to 10,000 W . V a. M e. . . . L a -----P a. . . . N.H. .. M ass. . O h io . . N .J ---M ich. . Mo. . . . N .Y. .. I n d .... W is. .. A l a .... 1 14,006. 2.to 10,000 M in n .. Iowa .. 4 C a l . . .. 3 I ll......... 2 D.C. .. 2 5 to Number o f Students, 1,Student to 10,000 Pop, .002 .008 .010 .011 .013 .015 W a sh .- SCALE: Institutions! 120. 68. Ratio o f Students to1 Total Population, by States, Ratio o f Commitments to Total Population, 1880. Rank State 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 A rk . . . Conn. . A la ---V a ........ S .C .— 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 by States, Per Cent. 1880. .002 .003 .005 .007 .007 Rank .021 C al. . . . .024 N .H ... Iowa .. M ass. . Mo. . . . K y. . . . v t . . .. P a ------ Per Cent Iowa . . .003 Ill......... .004 M in n .. .005 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 O reg. . .018 M e. . . . T e n n .. State .005 .006 M e . . . . .006 I n d . . . . .007 N .H .. . .008 M o___ .008 L a ------ .009 P a ___ .011 W is. .. .012 N .J — .016 ft::: O hio .. M d. . . . .024 M ass. . N.Y. .. 4 D .C . .. 3 C o n n .. 2 R .I .. . . 1 M ich . . 111.......... M ic h .. Ohio .. N .Y . .. M d. . . . D.C. .. Number of Students In KINDERGARTEN. Number o f Scholars, Collegiate Departments, 8,871. 11,584. Institutions, Institutions, 232. ( ' I 83. Ratio of Students to' Total Population, b y States, Ratio of Students to Total Population, 1880. Rank State Per Cent 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 N .C .. . N ebr. . A rk ---Ohio . . I n d .. . . S.C . . . W is. .. .001 .001 .002 .003 .004 .006 .007 by States, 1880. Rank State Per Cent. 26 N ebr. . .002 25 L a ......... 24 N .C. . . 23 N.H. . . 22 Iow a . . 21 I n d .... 20 S .C . . . 19 K ans. . 18 M ich . . 17 F la. . . . 16 O hio . . 15 M d ... . 14 D el. . . 13 C o n n .. 12 M e----11 M in n .. 10 P a ------ T e x .... i n .......... .009 G a........ .009 V t......... .011 Mo___ .011 .011 f t . ™ .m i Iowa . . .013 M ich . . .014 M e ... . .017 C a l.. .. .019 N .J ---- .021 M is s ... .021 K ans. . .027 N.H. .. .027 Oonn. . .030 .034 M ass. . .037 V a ........ .039 N.Y. .. .042 Md. . . . .046 Pa........ .054 C o lo .. . .058 SCALEi S u p erio r in stru ctio n of wom en P rep arato ry s c h o o ls ................... Seco n d ary in stru c tio n ................. Schools of th e o lo g y ..................... Schools of sc ie n c e ......................... U n iv ersities a n d co lleg es.......... $ 100,000 11,400 22,583 40,885 92,372 111,584 .$0,00 *300,000 200 4 to 10,000 .011 7 to 10,000 8 jto 10,000 to 10,000 10 to 10, *400,000 *5 0 0 ,0 0 0 * 1, 0 0 0 , 0,00 *1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 * Congressional Land Grants, 1785 to June 3 0 , 1880s. No. of Acres 2, 000,000 *2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 SCALE: 5,000,000 A cres. Object L S tu d e n t to 10,000 P op. 2 to 10,000 3 to 10,000 BENEFACTIONS, Donations, by Classes o f Institutions, 1880. Amount SC A L E j . _ _ .012 .013 .014 9 111.......... .017 8 R .L . .. .023 7 N .Y . .. .026 6 W is___ 5 M ass. . 4 C al. . . . 3 N .J .,.. 2 M o___ 1 D .C . - The c ir c le O in-» d icates an. endow m ent- b y n a tio n a l la n d g r a n t s Class .002 .004 .004 .005 .005 .006 .006 .007 .007 .008 .008 .010 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000 2 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 30,000,000 35,000,000 40,000,000 1,165,520 For a g ric u ltu ra l a n d m ech an ica l c o lle g e s .. 9,600,000 For pu b lic or com m on sc h o o ls .......................... 67,893,919 T o tal for e d u catio n a l pu rposes.......................... 78,659,439 C O PYBIO H T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S. 45,000,000 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 55,000,000 00,000,000 65,000,000 70,000,000 7 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 EZDTJC^TIOISr P l a t e 57 STATISTICS OF SPECIAL SCHOOLS. —Continued. Number of Students, D EA F AND DUMB. 6,657. Number of Students, LO C AT IO N _ _ 5,242. Institutions, LO C AT IO N and Classification Institutions, 56. TH EO LO G IC AL 142. Ratio of Students Total Population, by States, 1880 . Hack State 34 M e .. .. 33 S .C . . . 32 D ak . .. 31 M is s ... 30 L a ____ 29 G a........ 28 A la . . . 27 T e x .. . 26 V a ........ 25 R .I . - 24 T e n n .. 23 N.C---22 K y .. . . 21 O reg. . 20 A r k .. . 19 W .V a . 18 M ass. . 17 P a -----16- Mo........ 15 Iow a .. 14 C a l . . . . 13 O hio . . 12 K a n s .. 11 N ebr. . 10 M d .. . . 9 M in n .. 8 7 In d. . . 6 I ll......... 5 C o lo ... 4 M ich . . 3 N .Y . .. 2 C o n n .. 1 D.C. . . Ratio of Students to Total Population, by States, Per Cent 1880 . .003 .003 .004 .004 .004 .004 .005 .006 .006 .(<07 .007 .007 .008 .009 .010 .010 .012 .( 12 .012 .012 .014 .014 .016 .016 .017 .018 .019 .019 .019 .024 .025 .042 074 Per Cent. Bank Number of Students, LOCATION O F 3,134-, Schools, T ex. . . N ebr. . M ich . . C a l.. . . In d . . . M is s .. . A la. . . N .C— Mo----L a -----M e___ Ga____ Ohio . . M in n .. S .C . . . V a ......... K y. . . . T enn. . P a ........ N .Y. . . M ass. . I ll......... C o n n .. W is .. . N. J . . . M d ... . .001 .001 .001 .001 .003 .004 .004 .006 .006 .006 .007 .007 .008 .008 .009 .010 .011 .013 .013 .013 .014 .017 .022 .<25 .026 .040 .041 D . C ... .048 H om an C ath o lic-21 B a p tis t________ 20 P r e s b y te r ia n ----- 16 P ro t. E piscopal... 15 C o n g re g a tio n a l.. 11 Jle th . E piscop al_.ll E v. L u th eran ___ 10 C h ristian ______ .5 L u th e ra n _______ 4 A ll others______ 20 * * u '7 ° • Number o f Students, ^ \ Bute 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LO C AT IO N 2,032. \ Institutions, Institutions, 48. 31. Ratio of Students Total Population, by States, Ratio of Students to Total Population, b y States, 1880 . Rank 8Ute 2 1 ,N .C .. . 20 M is s ... 19 K a n s .. 18 A l a .. . 17 P a ........ 16 Ohio .. 15 K y . . . . 14 m . . . . . 13 W is. . . 12 T e n n .. 11 M o.. .. 10 M d - . . 9 L a -----8 V a .. . . 7 C o n n .. 6 I o w a .. 6 N .Y . .. 4 M ass. . 3 C a l- .. 2 M ic h .. 1 D .C .. . 1880 . Rank Per Cent. .001 .001 .001 .001 .003 .003 .003 .004 .005 .005 .005 .006 .006 .008 .010 .011 .013 .017 .020 1 Student to 10,000 Pop. 8,to 10,000 3 to 10,000 4 to 10,000 5 to 1 0 ,0 0 0 1 to 10,000 7 to 10,000 8 to 10,000 9 to 10,000 V. 10,to 1 0 , 0 0 0 '' 11 to 10,000 ia to io.o o o 13,to 10,000 14 to 10,000 15 to 1 0 ,0 0 0 SUte Per Cent. 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 X S C A L E !> T e n n .. S .C . - V a ........ M is s ... L a ......... W . V a. P a ......... M inn. . Ga......... C a l.... A r k .. . N ebr. . M o.. . . K y. . . . III. . . . . T e x .. . O hio .. K a n s .. W is .. . Iow a .. I n d .... N.Y. .. M a s s... Md. ... .001 .001 .002 .002 .002 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .004 .004 .004 .004 .005 .005 .005 .006 .006 .006 .007 .007 .007 RETROSPECT. Selected Ratios o f Increase, 1872 to 1880. SCALEl 20% Increase. 40* P u b lic school ex p en d itu re P u b lic school in co m e......... School p o p u la tio n ................ T o tal p o p u la tio n .................... F em a le te a c h e r s ................... T o tal te a c h e rs ........................ Sch o o l en ro llm en t................ D aily a tte n d a n c e ................... M ale te a c h e r s ....................... P u p ils in p riv a te sch o o ls.. P erm a n e n t school fu n d __ 10 * 0 120* 140* 160* 180* 200 * 220* fatio o f Increase in Enrollment, by C lasses o f Institutions, 1871 to 1880 240* 260* 280* B lin d b ................................................... P rep arato ry (from 1873) c .............. U n iv ersities a n d c o lle g e s ............ T o ta l p o p u latio n .............................. S eco n d ary in stru c tio n ................... C ity schools (from 1876) c .............. Theology........................... L a w ........................................ - ............... D eaf an d d u m b ................................. M ed icin e, d e n tistry , an d p h arm acy S u p erio r in stru ctio n of wom en — R efo rm schools........ ............................. Sch ools of s c ie n c e ............................... N orm al schools........................................ C om m ercial a n d b u sin ess colleges K in d erg a rten (from 1874) c 300* 310* 360* 380* 400* 420* 440* Total Enrollment o f Students, by Classes o f Institutions, 1880. Class B lin d ..................................................... L a w ............................................ ........... T h eo lo g y............................................ D eaf a n d d u m b .................... .. K in d e rg a rte n ................................... S c ie n c e ................................................ R efo rm ................................................ P re p a ra to ry ...................................... M ed icin e, d e n tistry , an d ph ar. S u p e rio r in stru ctio n of wom en C o m m ercial a n d b u s in e s s ........ U n iv ersities a n d co lle g e s.......... SC A L ■Ej 18,000 S t u d e n t s . Students 20.000 10,0 00 2,032 3,134 5,242 6,657 8,871 11,584 11,921 13,239 14,006 25,780 27,146 43,007 59,594 40,000 50 ,0 0 0 60,0 00 f 0,000 0,0 00 0 0 ,0 0 0 \ 1 Ratio o f Population to Students Enrolled, by Classes o f Institutions, 1880. sc a l e Class Ratio A ll p u b lic schools in th e U . S C ity p u b lic schools........................ Seco n d ary in stru c tio n ................. U n iversities an d co lle g e s........... 5 29 455 842 1,164 C om m ercial a n d b u sin ess.......... S u p erio r in stru ctio n of wom en M ed icin e, d e n tistry , a n d phar. P re p a ra to ry ....................................... R efo rm ................................................ 1,946 ■ 1,000 Persons to each Student Enrolled. 2000 3,000 4 000 5 ,0 0 0 6,000 7,000 8,000 00 0 1 ■0 0 ° 0 11,000 12)l 1,000 13,000 K in d e r g a r te n ................................. D eaf an d d u m b .............................. T h eo lo gy............................................ L a w ....................................................... B lin d .................................................... CO PYRIG H T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E H 'S SONS, 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,ooo j gooo 19,000 2 0 ,0 0 0 21,000 oo non 22,000 23>000 25,000 V I I —R e LIGION. I N D E X TO P L A T E S . METHODIST. BAPTIST. PRESBYTERIAN .. Plate 58 T o ta l M e m b e r s h ip ; R a tio to P o p u la tio n . LUTHERAN. TIONAL. THE BRETHREN. REFORMED IN AMER ICA. FRIENDS. M ORM ON...................... Plate 60 R a tio to T o ta l P o p u la tio n . CHRISTIAN. CONGREGA EPISCOPAL................................. Plate 59 UNIVERSALIST. CHURCH OF GOD. UNI TARIAN.............................................................Plate 61 T o ta l M e m b e r s h ip ; R a tio to P o p u la tio n . UNITED BRETHREN. REFORMED IN THE UNITED STATES.......................................... Plate 60 R a tio to T o ta l P o p u la tio n . R a t io to T o ta l P o p u la tio n . MORAVIAN. UNITED EVANGELICAL EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION.................................................Plate 60 R a t io to T o ta l P o p u la tio n . C o m p a r is o n o f T o ta ls . S u m m ary. R a t io to T o ta l P o p u la tio n . T h e P lates. — The religious plates relating to the denominations are based upon NEW JERUSALEM ...................... Plate 61 many duplications, but not, probably, to an families which are in any way connected or extent the affiliated with it, the adult membership may be sufficient materially to reduce statistics collected for this work by W . H. aggregate. O f the total number above given, estimated, on the two-fifths basis employed in DePuy, They are the result undoubtedly the great majority are adults, but the case of the Protestant sects, as approxim of an effort to obtain the correct numerical as it is common in many denominations, and ately 2,548,335. strength of the various religious denominations particularly so in the largest, to admit to above given is, however, directly comparable in the United States. membership with the number estimated as within the range D.D., LL.D . In all cases, where children of tender years, this The total number of adherents official returns by the churches or by state class must form a notable proportion of the of Protestant church influence. authorities were wanting, or were of doubtful whole. which is slightly less than twenty-four millions, This number, character, the facts were obtained from the Considering, however, only the adult mem added to the number of Catholic adherents, most intelligent and reliable authorities within bers of the family as being connected with makes a total of about 30,000,000, or three- the several denominations. It is thought that, the church, the remaining three members of fifths taken as a whole, the figures are more nearly the average family of five are children, who country, which may fairly be considered as correct than any similar body of statistics ever are, through their parents, brought under the the number which are within the pale of the before given to the public. teachings of the church. Christian church, or under its influences. Dr. D ePuy explains that the Roman Therefore, while nine of the aggregate population of the and a half millions is the number of church the members, the number of those under church D e n o m i n a t i o n s —The number of its communicants, and that the influence is about two and one-half times that religious discussion and thought in the United number of its clergy, given in the summary, number, or nearly twenty-four millions. This States, united with the multifarious origin of is taken from Spofford’s American Almanac, is undoubtedly a very liberal estimate, as no its people, has produced a great diversity of as are also the statistics of the several Advent allowance is here made for duplications, or for religious beliefs. denominations, since no satisfactory data, by those whose membership has actually lapsed, America has been called “ the hot-bed states, could be obtained regarding them. while their names are still borne upon church religious sects.” rolls, nor for children twice reckoned. distinct sects, each having considerable mem Catholic Church makes no report of C h u r c h M e m b e r s h ip .— The freedom of Indeed, on this account, of No fewer than twenty-two total From this estimate it appears that about bership, are in existence, while many of these number of church members in the country, 48 per cent., or nearly one-half the population, sects are divided into numerous sub-sects, exclusive of Roman Catholics, is 9,517,945, or is represented in Protestant churches, either differing from one another upon minor points nearly 19 per cent, of the population. in its membership directly, or through of doctrine. O f this large number, doubtless a certain proportion (it is impossible to estimate its magnitude) the heads of families. The following table shows the proportion The Roman Catholics claim 6,370,838 adher which each of these twenty-two Protestant are church members merely in name, while, ents in the country. A s this church numbers sects contains of the entire church membership, in addition, the list unquestionably contains among its adherents all the members of those both exclusive and inclusive of the Roman SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS. lx ii Catholic membership; also, the ratio of the all the Protestant church membership of the membership of the Jewish church even less, latter and of the Jewish church to the total country. while that of the Swedenborgian, or “ New membership: denominations, States P ercentage o f C hurch M em bers . P ercentage of C hurch M em bers . Not only are these the leading at numerically, in large, but in the Church,” forms less than one-tenth of one per United nearly all of the cent. 0.94 acter of their membership, or for other reasons, mainly for the purpose of indicating the prin cipal denominations of each state, shows, under small membership. Thus, the Congregational the head of each denomination, the proportion Including Roman Catholic. which, by reason of the high intellectual char Except Roman Catholic. D E N O M IN A T IO N S . D istrib u tio n o f th e D en o m in a tions. — The following table, introduced are of great importance, have unexpectedly D E N O M IN A T I O N S . Except Roman Catholic. Including Roman Catholic. states individually. M ethodist............................ 3 4 -5 3 27.23 Adventist........................ 20.14 Reformed in A m erica.. 0.81 On the other hand, many denominations, O.64 0.74 Roman Catholic................. Baptist.................................. 2 5 -5 3 Presbyterian...................... 9 -3 ° 7 -3 4 Friends............................ 0.78 0.62 Lutheran.............................. 5.98 4 -7 2 M ormon......................... 0.76 0 .6 0 denomination, which, throughout New England, which the membership of that denomination Christian.............................. 5 .8 5 4.62 Universalist.................... 0.38 0.30 is very influential, contains but little over four bears to the population, in each state. Congregational................... 4.04 3.19 W innebrennarian........ 0.21 0.17 Episcopalian...................... 3 -5 4 2 .7 9 U nitarian....................... 0.20 0.16 per cent, of the whole Protestant membership; final column shows the proportion which the United Brethren............... 1.63 1.29 Moravian........................ 0.17 0.13 the Episcopal church has but about three and total church membership (excepting Catholics) Reformed in United States 1.62 1.28 Jewish............................. O.I4 O.II U nited Evangelical........... 1.52 1.20 Swedenborgian............ 0.05 one-half per cent.; the Friends less than one of each state bears to the population. Evangelical A ssociation .. 1.05 0.83 0.06 The per cent., and the Mormons, who, in the minds It appears from this table that in New of alarmists, threaten the prevailing civil and England and the Southern states, the num religious institutions, constitute even a smaller ber of denominations is relatively small, as Protestants, and the Baptists proportion. The Unitarians, who, to many, rep compared with the remainder of the North more than one-fourth, the two denominations resent the advance guard of religious thought, Atlantic together contributing over sixty per cent, of form but two-tenths of one per cent.; the group. 8 .9 6 .... •65 3 -2 5 i -73 • 29 1 .3 2 .... •1 3 .8 8 .l6 .0 7 .... C o n n e c t i c u t .............................................. 4 .2 4 3 -5 9 .1 4 .1 8 .1 2 N e w Y o r k .................................................. 4 .6 1 2 -49 2 .6 7 .8 7 .1 2 N e w J e r s e y ............................................... 7-1 3 2 .9 1 4 .1 1 •73 .... P e n n s y l v a n i a ............................................ 4 .4 8 i -75 3-91 2 .9 0 •3 1 12-57 i- S 8 2 .6 7 .0 8 4 Christian. Lutheran. Presbyterian. 5 -3 4 A ll Denominations (except Roman Catholic). .... 2 .3 1 Central N ew Jerusalem. 2 .3 1 •15 .I O Northern Moravian. 1 .8 8 2 .8 7 the Unitarian. 5- i4 Winnebrennarian. .... .... •1 3 2 .7 2 Universalist. •••• .9 6 2-51 5 -2 i 3 -7 6 Mormon. 6 .0 5 •59 •99 and . 20 6 .4 9 Friends. •25 2 . IO 3 -3 3 .O I Reformed in America. . 22 .... •II .0 4 Dunkards. .... •••• .11 .1 9 Evangelical Association. Reform ed o f the United States. .... • • .. .... United Evangelical. United Brethren. .... .... 5 -6 8 A N D T E R R IT O R IE S . Protestant Episcopal. .... 3 -9 8 STATES group, •32 Baptist. of all Methodist. third Congregational. The Methodists constitute more than one- N o rth A tla n tic . M a i n e ................................................... N e w H a m p s h i r e .................................... 3 .6 6 V e r m o n t ..................................................... M a s s a c h u s e t ts ....................................... R h o d e I s l a n d ........................................... .0 8 .... .0 6 •°5 •55 . OI .... . 02 .l6 .... •°5 .... .. .. I 4 -3 I 1 8 .7 9 .... 1 4 .1 9 .... •••• . 08 •5 1 •3 ° . 08 •••• •••• . 09 36 . 62 .... . 07 .... .... .24 . 22 . 09 .... •03 .... .... .... I3-I5 1 2 .6 5 .14 . 02 .... .... 2 0 .6 6 .0 7 •13 .0 2 .0 2 .O I I 5*°3 •03 .0 4 .02 •05 . OI i .1 9 .O I •15 .O I .... . 04 .... . 02 •5 2 . 07 .1 1 •03 .01 •9 1 1.74 . IO 1 .6 8 .0 6 •75 •47 •05 .1 2 •°5 .IO 8-S7 18 .4 4 S o u th A t la n t ic . D e l a w a r e .................................................... M a r y l a n d .................................................... IO .9 9 .9 1 •9 4 I -55 •29 • 12 D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b i a .......................... 7 -°5 4 .6 8 2.05 I.II .19 8 .7 2 W e s t V i r g i n i a ......................................... 00 W V i r g i n i a ....................................................... N o r t h C a r o l i n a ....................................... I 3 -3 6 S o u t h C a r o lin a ..................................... G e o r g i a ........................................................ F l o r i d a ........................................................ .... • 02 i -35 1 .8 8 .... 2 .7 7 .... •30 13 -8 7 1 .8 1 .8 2 1 .0 7 • 33 .0 2 4 -4 3 1 .4 9 •55 •49 1 .2 8 .O I 1 .1 9 .0 2 .4 0 •85 •37 •3 ° 1.3 0 1 2 .6 9 1 .6 5 .... 1 5 -5 4 1 4 .1 7 .2 8 .0 2 •45 15-33 i -55 .6 7 •75 10 .9 3 •II .6 4 .OOI .2 8 1 6 .3 2 6-95 •56 •03 •3 4 •03 •57 .... 1 5 -9 4 13.11 . 80 •II •63 6 .2 6 •45 .0 6 .1 1 .1 4 T exas ......................................................... 7 .9 2 6 .8 0 1 .2 3 .... I .O I .0 2 A r k a n s a s ................................... .................. 8 .2 0 6 .7 1 T e n n e s s e e .................................................. IO.O9 7-65 •3 i 2 .8 1 .1 0 •35 •73 2 .5 0 K e n t u c k y .................................................... 9 .0 4 10 .4 2 1 .6 7 .0 7 O h i o ............................................................... 6 .6 4 i.8 r 2 .6 4 2 .2 0 I n d i a n a ....................................................... 8 .20 2 .3 1 1 .7 7 1 .6 9 I l l i n o i s ......................................................... 4 .7 1 2 .5 0 2 .4 6 2 .0 5 i -95 1.0 8 •°3 .1 0 .... L o u i s i a n a ................................................... 8 -7 3 4 -5 8 • 27 .1 4 .... •••• • IO •25 .1 8 . 06 10 .8 8 • 17 .7 0 .... •5 8 .... .0 6 .... .... • i5 .... .... .... •03 . 04 •05 . 06 •3 ° .... •13 .... .O I •°5 .... •25 • OI .... .... •54 . OI . OI .... .... •25 .... . OI .... .... .0 0 3 .... .... . 02 .... .... . 02 .... . 02 . 04 .... •° 3 .... .0 2 .... .... 1 8 .7 5 1 8 .7 8 1 8 .3 3 2 7 .8 6 . OI .... 1 8 .7 3 .14 .... .... .... •13 .... .... .. . . .... .... .... .... .... .... .... •••• .... .... .... .... .... 3 ° -5 7 •••• .... .... •03 . OI .... .... .... .... .... 2 0 .6 8 .... .... .... .0 0 2 .... .... 12 .0 2 .... . OI .... 1 7 .2 9 . 08 .... .0 0 2 . OI .... . OI .... 3 ° -3 5 3 2 -7 7 .... 2 7 .9 9 .... 2 4 .9 1 S o u th e r n C e n tr a l. A l a b a m a .................................................... M is s is s ip p i................................................. .O I .... .... .IO •3 1 .2 4 .... .... .... .11 .... .... .... .... .... . OI . 02 .... . 07 .... — •°5 • 12 .... 1 6 .3 0 — .00 3 .... 2 3 .9 2 .... .0 0 4 .00 2 . 04 .2 2 4 .8 2 •° 3 .2 4 •°5 .0 4 •° 5 •29 .004 1-51 •36 1 .2 2 I.O 9 .1 9 x .2 5 •3 4 •73 •77 •32 3 -9 8 •71 .0 9 •3 i •39 .8 8 2 .7 6 •75 •50 .1 2 .8 8 •36 1 .0 4 .0 9 •5 i •25 .0 7 •° 3 •33 .0 6 •°5 4 -5 6 .1 9 1 .0 7 .4 8 •43 .2 0 •39 •33 .0 8 1 .7 0 •29 .6 2 •05 .0 7 .O I .0 4 .... 7 .0 4 .2 0 .8 6 .6 2 •°5 .0 2 •°3 •5 4 .0 4 .... . 07 •13 .4 0 .0 0 3 .... •° 3 .... .00 3 .0 2 •° 3 . OI 27.11 N o rth e rn C e n tr a l. M i c h i g a n .................................................... 4 .4 6 W i s c o n s i n .................................................. 2 .5 6 M i n n e s o t a ................................................. 2 .8 6 i - 13 1 .0 7 I o w a .............................................................. 5 .2 0 1 .6 4 2 .60 •95 • 24 M i s s o u r i ...................................................... 3 -8 9 4 .7 1 i -75 1 .6 2 1.18 1 . 12 2 .5 8 . l6 K a n s a s ......................................................... 5-r6 1 .8 9 1 .2 6 I .7 0 •55 •57 •25 .1 9 .6 l .8 9 •57 2-9 3 D a k o t a ......................................................... i -*5 •17 . 04 . OI •13 .I O .28 1 .0 7 .I O .0 2 •°5 •03 .0 2 . 02 2 0 .1 8 •03 .0 2 .... • OI 2 3 -!3 1 7 .8 8 .O I .O I 1 3 .2 6 .14 . OI 1 3 .0 4 .... . 08 . OI 1 4 .9 1 . 06 • OI . 02 .0 4 . 04 • 44 .I O •33 .41 .... •03 •63 .O I .1 1 .... . 02 . 02 . 02 . OI .0 0 4 .6 4 .0 4 .2 7 .4 0 .... • 34 .O I . 01 . 06 . OI •OI .0 0 3 .0 9 .0 4 1 3 -2 7 1 4 .7 8 •03 4 -5 0 I *I 7 •5 4 I-I5 .2 9 3 .8 6 2 -95 .6 9 •33 .6 6 •17 .2 1 • l6 •5 ° •3 ° .8 7 •29 .1 4 .4 8 N e b r a s k a ................................................... .7 6 .0 0 3 •2 5 . 26 •15 •2 7 •55 .... •7 i 1.17 .... •45 . 22 2-5 3 .... •51 .... . 9O .21 .11 .... .... •S2 .12 .... .... .... • i5 .... •47 .2 1 .18 •32 . OI . 07 .0 0 4 .... — .... .... 1 4 .3 8 .... .... i -57 .... .... . 04 — — 15-77 1 5 .2 8 W e s te r n . W y o m i n g .................................................... C o l o r a d o .................................................... 1 .8 0 N e w M e x i c o ............................................ •30 A r i z o n a ....................................................... •° 3 U t a h .................................... *....................... • i5 .1 1 •13 .0 7 .OOI .I O .... .... . 04 N e v a d a ....................................................... I .O I •17 •39 .... .... . 04 I d a h o ............................................................ .6 8 1 .2 4 .... 1 .4 6 •15 .... .... M o n ta n a ...................................................... •1 3 .... 1 .7 2 •56 1 .8 4 I-L 3 2 .7 2 W a s h i n g t o n .............................................. •63 .0 2 •49 O r e g o n ......................................................... 3- i7 3 -7 8 1 .6 9 1.0 3 C a l i f o r n i a .................................................... 1 .9 8 .7 0 •95 • 17 •27 • 29 •63 .... .IO .... .... .... .... 1 8 .7 7 . 02 7 .6 6 .... •.• .... .OOI .... .... .... •03 .... .... 1 2 .4 8 .... 1 2 .7 3 .... 3 9 .2 8 •° 9 .... .... .... .... .... •43 .... .... .... .... .... .... 3 8 .6 0 •5 4 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 1 8 .4 1 .... .8l .... .... .... •25 .... .... .... .... .... .... • 32 .... .... . OI .... •57 .... .76 .. . . .... •4 4 .6 l •35 •53 • 27 .2 8 •52 •47 .0 7 •° 9 .... .14 •33 . 08 .O I •°5 .0 2 ... .40 •03 .O I .... — .... 2 -15 2 1 .6 9 .0 7 .... 4 .4 8 . 02 . 06 8 .3 0 . OI •03 1 1 .9 7 •03 •03 • 02 5-8 7 RELIGION, D istrib u tio n b y States.—in the New The very small lxiii church membership of and accordingly it is most developed in the England states, the Congregationalists form Dakota is made up mainly of Methodists, Epis states bordering upon the Great Lakes, and a very large element of the Protestant mem copalians, Baptists and Christians. in Pennsylvania. bership, outnumbering, except in Rhode Island, Wyoming, aside from the Mormons, is chiefly The Christian church, like the Presbyterian, even the Methodists and the Baptists. In New composed of Episcopalians; that of Colorado has its greatest proportion of adherents in the Hampshire, the society of Friends has consider of Methodists, Mormons and Presbyterians; middle tier of states, while, strangely enough, able prominence, while in Rhode Island and and that of Nevada of Methodists, Episco it has spread in considerable force to Texas in Connecticut, Episcopalians are numerous. palians and Presbyterians. the southwest and to Oregon and Washington That of In New York, New Jersey and Pennsyl In Montana, the leading denominations are vania, the leading denominations are the Meth the Methodists and Christians; in Washington, odists and Presbyterians the Baptists holding the Methodists and Presbyterians. the third place in New Y ork and New Jersey, the Methodists are found in considerable num states, and in Delaware, Maryland and the and the Lutherans in Pennsylvania. ber, followed by Christians and Baptists. District of Columbia in the South Atlantic Delaware, Maryland and the District of In Oregon, A in the northwest. The Protestant Episcopal church is found in greatest strength in the distribution quite similar is found in California, group. Columbia have a very large proportion of excepting proportion Methodists, and in the last-named, the Baptists second place. are second in numbers. Arizona, the Mormons far outnumber all other In all three there is found a considerable proportion of Episcopa that the Presbyterians hold the In Utah, Idaho, W yom ing, and church membership. North Atlantic In other parts of the country, the is small, in no case, except Wyoming, reaching one per cent, of the pop ulation. The denominations known as United Breth lians and Presbyterians, and in the two latter, ren, Reformed of the United States, United In Virginia, W est Virginia D istrib u tion b y D en om in ation s. Evangelical, Evangelical Association, Dunkards, North and South Carolina, Protestant — A glance at the maps on Plate 58, shows and Reformed in America, are restricted in church membership is made up mainly of that the their range almost entirely to the Northern Methodists and Baptists, with a smaller number leading Protestant denominations, have their states, where, with of Presbyterians and Lutherans. stronghold in the Southern states, in nearly England, they are spread quite generally. The other South Atlantic states, and those every one of which by far the greater propor Friends are widely distributed except in the bordering on the Gulf of Mexico, including tion of church members belong to one or the G ulf states and the territories. Arkansas, contain very few besides Methodists other of these two denominations. This is Mormons are reported only from Utah and and Baptists, while in Kentucky and Tennessee, true not only of the colored race, but of the from neighboring portions of adjacent states there are, besides these denominations, many whites as well. and territories. many Lutherans. and ■ o the Presbyterian and Christian denomina f tions. Methodists and Baptists, the two The ratio which the sum of the Methodists the exception of New The O f all the smaller denomina tions, the Universalists are the most generally and Baptists bears to the total church member Passing to the Northern Central group of states, the diversity of religious beliefs becomes distributed, being ship of the Southern states is expressed in the excepting Virginia, Tennessee, Arkansas, Col the following percentages: orado and Nevada. very striking, nearly the whole list of denomi nations being represented in each state. In Ohio, the Methodists greatly outnumber any found in all the states The Winnebrennarians are widely scattered, in small numbers, over P er Cent. STATES. A la b a m a .................................. P er C en t . STATES. the middle tier of states. The Unitarians, °0 y j although their greatest strength is in New other sect, the Presbyterians, Lutherans, Bap M is s is s ip p i............................. 95 81 England, are found in most of the states, the tists, and Christians, following in the order G e o r g i a .................................. 94 75 exceptions being mainly in the South. named. F l o r i d a ..................................... A r k a n s a s ................................ 92 72 S o u t h C a r o l i n a .................. 9i W e s t V i r g i n i a ................ 70 or Swedenborgian, while strongest in New place is taken by the Christians, with Baptists L o u is ia n a ............................... 90 D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b i a .. 64 England, is distributed quite generally over third in numbers, while the Presbyterians and N o r t h C a r o l i n a .................. 86 M a r y la n d . . ..................... 63 the Northern States. In Indiana and Illinois, the Metho dists are still the most numerous, the second Lutherans are also well represented. In The small denomination known as New Jerusalem, The greatest numerical strength of the Michigan, the Methodists, Baptists, Presby W ere the numbers of the Catholics added, terians and Lutherans constitute over two- the proportions would be decreased to some Roman Catholic denomination is in the North ♦ Atlantic group of states, where it consists thirds of the church membership. extent largely of persons of Irish origin, with a small In W is in Delaware, Maryland, District of consin and Minnesota, owing to the large Columbia, Virginia, German element, the Lutheran church is the Texas, but in the other states they would largest, outnumbering even the Methodists. not be affected appreciably. In Iowa, the Methodists are the most Louisiana and sprinkling, throughout New England and northern New York, of French Canadians. In Delaware, Maryland, District of Colum Presbyterians are most abundantly bia and Virginia, there is found a large body numerous, followed by the Lutherans, Pres distributed in the middle tier of states, ranging of Catholics, the lineal descendants of the byterians and Missouri, the from South Carolina, Tennessee, Missouri and Cavaliers. largest single denomination is that of the Kansas on the south, to New York, Michigan, there exists a numerous class of Catholics, Baptists, the Methodists holding the second Illinois, Iowa and Nebraska on the north. consisting of the descendants of the original place, with the Christians third. Kansas con Very few are found in New England, where Spanish and French elements of the popula preponderance of Methodists, their place is filled by the allied denomination tion. tains a large Baptists. with many Baptists, In Lutherans, tionalists and Presbyterians. Congrega In Nebraska, the largest denomination is that of the Lutherans. The Florida, of the Congregationalists. The Lutheran church accompanies quite closely the German element of the population, In Florida and Louisiana, also, Still farther west, in southern Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and southern California is the Spanish - Mexican element, which is almost SCR IB N E R S STA TISTICA L A T L A S , Ixiv in the summary on Owing to the limited space allotted to each these elements bear to the population, or to Plate 61, excepting in the case of the Methodist denomination upon Plates 60 and 61, it was the total church membership, it is, in the church, which, in the summary, includes the impracticable to present tables showing the absence of statistics, impossible to speak. Independent Methodists, while in the state numbers of the clergy and exhibit it does not. juxtaposition to the maps, as in the two pre- wholly Catholic. S ta tis tic a l O f the proportions which S u m m a r y .— The with the totals given states, total could be No satisfactory data, by obtained concerning « * the membership in _ ceding plates. The details of the distribution numbers of the several denominations given Roman Catholic, Jewish or Adventist mem of all the denominations are introduced here below, as derived from the state exhibits, agree bership. for convenient reference: 5 I in rt Pi M e t h o d ist . State. P r e s b y t e r ia n . B a p t is t . State. Ministers. Members. State. C h r ist ia n . (D iscipl e s o f C h r ist .) L uth eran. Min- Memisters. bers. State. isters. bers. State. isters. bers. State. isters. bers. 566 124.514 Illin o is. 348 75,960 K y ........ 318 70,515 Indiana 254 60,046 M o . . . . 23O 54,980 O h io . . . 651 485 583 395 216 85,241 79,535 78,920 55,950 48,500 M a ss.. . C o n n .. . N .Y ... Illinois. O h io ... 674 387 258 251 162 91,787 55,855 33,392 23,113 22,803 N .Y ... Pa......... C on n .. . M d .. . M ass.. . 618 332 183 170 150 88,065 37,960 2 0 ,2 4 9 17,667 17,189 O h io . . . Indiana. P a ......... Illin o is. W . V a .. 490 319 238 252 74 39,297 24.780 23,630 15,682 8,050 43,468 N . Y . . . 35,149 I o w a ... 35,050 Indiana 28,437 M ic h ... 27,617 M o ___ 204 I90 152 124 I l6 194 131 78 n 8 138 38,650 19,206 16,700 16,300 16,100 N. H ... M ain e .. V t.......... M ic h .. . I o w a .. . 196 197 195 204 188 22,544 21,635 20,116 17,044 15,576 N. J . . . Virginia Ohio. . . M ich .. . Illinois. 169 130 119 90 113 14,951 12,884 11,598 10,232 9226 I o w a .. . 173 M ic h ... 118 K ansas. 133 Virginia 32 26 M d .... 7,301 7,169 6,452 4,627 3,465 I o w a .. . Illin o is. N. Y . . . M in n .. . N. C .. 24 18 12 10 10 5,499 3,716 2,751 2 ,1 1 0 1,763 M ich .. . W is .... M d........ K y ......... I o w a .. . 17 22 4 6 21 8,395 7,240 5,459 4,807 4,211 N e b r .. . K ansas. M d ___ Virginia N. J . . . . 78 79 63 57 37 W is .__ 167 14,135 Minn. .. 1 12 6,722 K an sas. 104 5,748 P a ......... 59 5,635 R. I . . . . 35 5,214 R. I . . . . W is .. . . N. C ... M o___ D. C . . . 48 86 69 55 27 6,388 6,380 5,672 5,335 4,933 N e b r .. . W is .. . . N. Y . . . M o........ M in n .. . 49 50 42 52 19 3,022 2,652 2,377 2,092 I ,2 XX Kansas. M ic h .. . N e b r .. . K y ........ C al........ 8 7 8 4 4 1,719 1,440 995 851 821 P a ......... M in n ... L a ......... Virginia N. J .... 4 9 I I I 2,615 1,954 1,005 920 741 5,950 5,939 5,494 5,475 4,760 C a l___ M o ___ N- J---N e b r .. . Indiana. 63 53 29 76 19 4,524 3,641 3,373 3,124 1,809 M in n ... S. C . . . . Georgia C a l. . . . Iowa. . . 73 47 37 69 5i 4,836 4,549 4,433 4,125 3,963 O r e g .. . T e n n ... C a l........ K y ........ D akota. 22 14 27 12 18 928 731 629 590 395 M o........ W . V a .. O r e g ... Virginia T e n n ... 3 3 3 12 2 655 596 499 497 451 N e b r .. . K a n s .. . C a l........ C o lo .. . . 7 4 I I 709 426 74 21 •• 27 19 12 12 13 3,252 2,815 2,595 2,070 1,760 L a ......... A la . . . O regon. D. C . . . K y .. .. 17 14 II 13 4 1,301 818 774 599 566 K y .. .. Texas. . Indiana Tenn. .. A la .. .. 35 49 32 33 28 3,954 3,812 3,692 3,316 3,458 W ash ... Colo__ .... .... — 7 II 267 232 D el........ F lorid a. M ass. . . W ash ... D akota. I I I I I 253 229 205 204 202 .... .... .... .... — M in n ... M ass.. . M d .. . . L a ......... Florida. 13 5 5 6 12 1,615 1,233 1,095 1,047 930 D ak o ta. Colo__ T en n . . N. C . . . T e x a s .. 13 18 8 5 8 411 409 384 318 282 V t.......... La. . . . Maine. . N. H . . D e l___ 29 34 27 3i 28 3,316 2,957 2,067 2,065 1,989 ___ .... .... .... .... C olo.. . . N. J .... C o n n ... .... — I 5 I 201 199 149 .... .... .... •. . — 605 W ash ... 480 C on n .. . 228 M ain e.. 22 0 D akota. 146 M ont. . 8 4 5 5 3 850 775 725 679 675 Virginia S. C . . . . M d ___ M iss. . . Georgia 4 5 I 2 13 23I 230 165 132 106 W .V a .. K ansas. M iss. .. Florida. N e b r .. . 19 29 30 19 32 1,911 1,860 1.694 1,546 1,526 .... .... ••. • .... .... .... — •••• .... .... .... — V t......... D e l.... D. C . . . W yo. .. N. H ... 2 4 2 I I 425 421 330 95 35 W . V a .. Florida. U t a h ... W yo. . . Nevada. 3 I 2 2 I 82 73 54 45 3° D akota. O regon. C o lo .. . A r k .... Utah. . . 26 21 18 14 12 1,184 1,067 1,017 939 629 .... ............ .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... — .... .... .. .. *• • • .... .... ,, .. .. .. .... .... .... .... •• — •• •• .... .... .... .... .... I N. Y . . . 2 O h io .. . 3 A la . . . . 4 P a ......... 5 N. C . .. 1,644 1,178 1,229 1,326 835 234,700 212,504 201,277 192,268 187,14? Georgia 1,658 Virginia 759 N. C . . . 1,153 K y . . . . 1,183 A la . . . . 726 236,546 20 Q.Q05 177,719 171,920 165,574 Pa......... 1,109 167,780 N . Y . . . 1,044 135,779 O h io . . . 631 84,654 Illinois. 604 60,243 N. J .... 368 46,600 6 Georgia 7 Indiana 8 T e n n .. . 9 S. C . . . . IO K y ......... 926 763 864 650 876 168,682 162,182 155,768 154,766 149,156 S C .... 656 N. Y . . . 983 Miss. .. 846 Tenn . . 975 T e x a s .. 1,128 141,112 126,962 123,204 117,998 108,268 T e n n ... M o .. . . Indiana I o w a ... K y .. .. 397 385 235 298 262 II 12 13 14 15 Illin o is. 1,128 V irginia 719 T ex a s. . 9OO M d. . . . 590 M iss.. . . 593 145,068 131,710 126,156 102,808 98,806 M o .. . . 97§ Illinois. 1,076 P a ......... 542 L a ......... 481 O h io. . . 574 102,221 77,081 75,366 58,918 58,078 Virginia N. C . . . T e x a s .. M ich .. . S. C . . . . 333 145 325 178 114 27,495 23,232 19,681 17,814 15,531 l6 17 18 19 20 I o w a .. . M o ___ N. J . . . M ich .. . A r k .. . . 801 789 436 824 569 84,640 84,396 80,736 73,121 65,787 A r k .. .. M ass.. . Indiana M ain e.. M ich .. . 639 348 423 401 41 7 53,882 51,248 45,741 36,885 33,645 K ansas. Georgia A la .. .. W .V a . . M d .. . . 202 12,563 S. C . . . . 82 10 ,3 90 N . C . . . 104 10,131 Tenn. .. 78 9,529 W . V a .. 70 8,849 C a l___ 36 36 25 161 12 7,525 N . Y . . . 6,985 A r k . . . . 5,475 Kansas. 3,460 C a l___ 2,580 O regon. 39 45 95 36 24 21 22 23 24 25 W . V a .. Kansas. M ass.. . Florida. L a ......... 259 543 308 336 311 53,908 51,404 48,658 43,992 43,111 N. J . . . W. V .. I o w a .. . C o n n .. . K ansas. 209 242 334 136 343 32,966 27,427 26,785 22,402 18,839 C a l.. . . W is .. . . M iss .. . M in n ... N e b r .. . l 6l 107 79 93 81 D. C ... Mass. . . Georgia A la .. . . K y ........ 11 8 7 7 7 1.975 1,795 1,748 1,330 1 ,2 1 0 A la . . . . S. C . . . . W is. . . . Miss. . . C o lo ... . 26 27 28 29 3° W is .. . . C o n n .. . M ain e.. M in n ... D e l.... 346 153 is ? 236 60 33,778 26,410 25,888 22,335 18,441 Florida. N. H . . W is .... R. I . . . V t.......... 231 210 199 126 127 18,738 18,088 14,934 14,770 12,506 L a ......... D e l___ D. C . . . Mass. . . A r k ___ 36 47 26 29 27 4,242 C o n n .. . 3.918 M iss... . 3,645 Colo . . 2,823 A r k . . . . 2,497 M ain e.. 6 8 5 5 4 1,126 I ,n o 994 770 741 31 32 33 34 35 C a l. . . . N e b r ... N. H . . . D. C .. V t.......... 250 117 135 60 143 17,196 13,265 12,719 12,537 8,358 M d . . '. . D. C . . . Minn. .. C a l.. .. Ind. T . 67 23 114 78 84 8,59! 8,319 8 ,3 7 9 6,076 5.915 C o lo . . . Oregon. Ind. T . . Florida. W ash. . 47 4° 24 20 21 2,290 1,811 1,797 1 ,52 8 1 ,38 7 L a ........ O regon. D ako ta. R. I . . . N. H ... 4 3 I 2 I 36 37 38 39 40 O regon. R. I .... C o l___ W a s h .. D akota. 83 64 53 30 20 6,623 6,390 3,505 2,386 1,560 N e b r .. . Oregon. D e l.... C o lo .... D akota. 91 50 20 14 19 5 ,2 9 4 2 ,9 5 7 2 , 329 1,239 74° C o n n .. . N. H . . R. I .... Idaho D akota. 17 II 3 2 22 897 664 462 406 394 W ash. . D e l.. .. Florida. Id a h o . . I I I ■ 2 •• 631 573 364 223 168 W a s h .. N e v .. . . W yo. . . Id a h o . . N . Mex. 13 I 2 4 I 424 no IOI 43 20 V t ......... Nevada. M on t... N. Mex. W yo... 62 U t a h ... Arizona I I l6 14 U t a h ... A laska. . Arizona. 46 Arizona .... 47 48 — 7 .• •• •• •• T o tals . . . . 21 .3 7 3 3,283,893 •• 18,716 2,430,095 U n ited E v a n g e l ic a l . R efo rm ed in t h e U n ite d S t a t e s . bers. 8,275 8,026 7,179 7,023 5,241 P a ......... Illinois. O h io. . . W is .. . . M in n ... — 280 244 194 164 149 7 7 4 II 2 3 .. .. .. .. •• — 147 32 3i 4 2 isters. State. bers. 8 14 15 3 5 U n ite d B r e t h r e n . isters. State. isters. 41 Nevada. 42 M on t.. . 43 N. Mex. 44 Idaho. . 45 U ta h ... P r o t e st a n t E pisc o p a l . C o n g r e g a tio n a l . .... — .... .... .... .... .. bers. 44,651 T e n n ... 42,290 I o w a .. . 33,498 N . C . . . 27.754 Virginia 24,439 T e x a s .. 17,490 17,000 14,520 12,472 8,350 130 125 IOO 52 •• P a ......... N e b r .. . Georgia W . V a .. M ic h .. . ■ .... .. 3,025 569,389 .... .... .... .. .. .. .# .. .. .. .... •• •• ,,,, .. .. •••• .. — •• 7,897 885,468 88 13,600 41 13,380 48 9,859 7,950 45 6,010 49 •• 5 7 8 3 7 528 340 321 250 246 N. Mex. 5 150 .... 3,574 384,800 • ••• .... .... *. isters. P a ......... 352 O h io. . . 162 W is .... 37 Indiana. 32 M d........ 32 .... «... .... — bers. 71,957 35,160 7,510 6,751 6,620 .... .... — .... •• 3,658 556,941 9 W yo. .. Nevada. Mont. .. Id a h o . . W ash ... State. 3,215 336,669 State. isters. Illin o is. 160 N. Y . . . 28 O h io . . . 4° Indiana. 35 M o........ 63 bers. 27,159 26,205 23,595 15,304 13,826 .... .... — /. 2,178 155,579 755 425 144,666 154,003 • id 1 in E v a n g e l ic a l A sso c ia t io n . c Pi State. I 2 3 4 5 Pa.... Illin o is. Ohio. . . W i s .. . . I o w a .. . 6 7 8 9 10 bers. State. 374 177 162 85 132 32,523 12,095 10,304 10,049 6,799 P a ......... Indiana. O h io. . . Illin o is. K y ........ Indiana. N . Y __ M ich . . . M in n ... K a n s. . . 83 75 82 54 43 6,226 5,726 5,329 3,730 2,690 M d ___ N e b r .. . C a l ....... 14 N. J . . . . 15 M o ....... 26 7 5 6 99° 454 401 400 12 13 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 O regon. D akota. K y ........ .... .... isters. 4 5 I .•« . . — .... .... 255 251 78 . .. ... .. .. .. ... .. •• .. ,, .. .... .. •• isters. •••• 20,500 17,450 12,490 7,548 6,540 K ansas. 71 V a ......... 141 W . V a . . 92 M d........ 50 M o........ 53 4,050 3,900 3,400 2,811 2,500 08 32 28 IO IO 1,490 1,260 608 585 N e b r ... M ic h .. . W is _ _ O r e g .. . N. C . . . M in n .. . C olo__ C a l........ N .J .... 7 9 T e x a s. . Idaho... G a ......... D akota. W ash ... 2 5 3 3 5 I .. 2 36 .... N . Y . . . . 289 N . J . . . . 140 M ich .. . 32 P a ......... IO I o w a .. . 8 bers. 46,622 19,683 5,413 2,014 1,169 State. Indiana. 234 O h io . . . 119 I o w a .. . 121 N. H . . . 13 P a ......... 30 •• .. .... 21,240 9,217 8,799 7,305 5,188 State. Ministers. bers. U t a h ... 3,209 55,580 Id a h o ... 225 6,004 Ari7. . . . 168 5,050 Colo__ 115 3,060 W yo... 99 2,990 State. State. G od. isters. bers. N . Y . . . . 113 M a ss.. . 131 O h io .. . 57 Illinois. l6 Indiana. 19 6,748 6,480 5,497 3,263 2,643 P a ......... 132 Indiana. 42 Illinois.. 38 O h io . . . 34 M d........ 39 8,180 1,932 1,422 1 ,2 2 0 1,175 State. isters. M a s s .. . 243 N .Y ... 22 M e........ 14 N. H ... 8 Illin o is. 12 bers. State. K v ........ N e b r ... 2 22 Members. M ass.. . W is___ O h io .. . P a ......... N. Y . .. 19 14 II 9 8 1,415 795 551 543 526 498 390 350 310 305 M in n ... Illinois. N .J .... Indiana. I o w a ... 6 4 4 4 613 609 604 591 344 Illinois. M ain e .. M ich .. . C a l.. .. M d ___ 7 3 5 2 3 458 324 165 163 163 M d.... M ich .. . V a ......... K y ........ .... I I I I •• 270 174 97 40 •• Kansas. M o .. . . N. J . . . R. I . . . M in n ... 3 3 2 1 2 IOO 103 98 76 49 38 24 28 *9 24 990 967 830 600 615 W is .. . . M ic h .. . P a ......... O h io . . . Indiana. 12 12 23 17 1,240 1,078 985 682 .... .... .... — N. H ... R . I ___ W is .... K y ......... 28 20 8 21 8 886 715 616 472 466 M ic h .. . M o........ N e b r .. . .... 23 l6 14 •• 585 540 420 •* V t.......... M o........ C al........ R. I . . . . Io w a . . . 7 5 6 5 275 244 244 210 8 II 3 6 2 455 448 301 297 263 .... .... .... .... — Mo . . . . A la ........ M d........ M in n ... G a ......... IO 17 3 16 15 366 330 319 318 308 .... — N .J . . . . N ebr. . C o n n ... K a n sa s. D. C . . . 3 2 2 3 2 175 165 127 105 85 •••• .... .... .... .... 5 2 I 2 I 187 1 12 104 99 63 .... .... .... .... .... N .J ... C a l........ Miss__ K a n s .. . T e x .... 6 3 2 12 7 304 229 156 106 94 L a ......... K y ......... D e l. . . . O r e g ... S .C .... 2 2 I I I 75 63 60 54 5i • •. .... .... .... — I I I 2 51 50 49 35 .... N. C ... D. C . . . D akota. F la ........ W .V a .. 4 6 2 I 2 85 76 52 43 33 .... .... .... .... W a s h ... M d........ C olo.. . . D akota. T e n n .. . I I I I I 48 47 45 43 40 S .C .... Idah o... L a ......... W ash ... O reg. . . I 2 I I 4 32 23 19 18 15 .... F la ........ A r k ___ .... .... I I 36 26 no 80 42 IO IO .... .... •• — .... ... . .. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ,. .. 878 — .. ... . .... .... .... •• 515 Ministers. 6,750 1,926 1,777 1,197 1,135 I o w a .. . A rk _ _ T e x .. . . M e........ V a ......... 410 390 175 155 I40 77,269 State. 48 9 9 5 7 1,710 1,695 1,669 1,181 912 .... .... .... .... — — Members. P a ......... N. C . . . W is .... N .Y .... O h io. . • 23 41 40 27 19 .... .... .... .... .... isters. 11 ,2 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 1,090 1,050 995 W. V a .. Oreg . . Colo__ N e b r .. . 1,036 932 146 130 57 N e w J er u salem . M o r a v ia n . U n it a r ia n . P a ........ V t. . . . M e........ I o w a .. . C o n n .. . ca 88,669 bers. of .... .... .... .... — M e........ N .J ----T e n n ... M ic h .. . R. I . . . . ,, .. .. isters. C h u r ch 3,625 3,409 3-349 2,616 1,612 23 58 65 l6 35 .. 1,589 bers. U n iv e r s a l is t . A rk ___ V a ......... D. C . . . W is .. . . C al........ 20 7 2 2 2 .. .... isters. M orm on . M d........ M o........ W a sh ... V t ......... M in n ... Illin o is. W is .. . . O r e g .. . M in n ... Indiana. .. .. 99,710 isters. N. C ... Kansas. N .Y .... Illin o is. M ass. . . •• T otals ___ 1,343 State, F r ien d s . .. .. .... .... .... .... .. bers. 322 210 220 151 124 .... 31 32 33 34 35 R efo rm ed in A m e r ic a . T h e B rethren . .... 74,313 .• 3,816 72,684 N e b r .. . 5 36,891 .... — 4 7 4 .. •• .... 12 691 .... .... 9 8 3 . .. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .► — .... .... .... .... .... — .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... •••• .... •• 492 20,176 382 1 9 ,7 84 103 •• 16,127 — •• 92 5 ,53 8 P l a t e 58 EELIGIOW DENOMINATIONAL STATISTICS. (Based on Data Collected by W. H. De Puy, D. D.) B n S te a k ta 46 A r i z . . . 4 U t a h .. 5 4 Id a ,... 4 4 N .M e x 3 42 M o n t . . 4 Nev— 1 41 D a k . . . 1 39 W a s h .. 38 3 R.I. . . 7 36 3 Vfc...... 5 3 D . C . .. 4 3 N.H._. 3 3 Nebr. . 2 3 C al.... 1 30 Del-... 29 2 Me... . 8 2 Conn . 7 2 Wis— 6 2 La...... 5 24 Fla.. .. 2 3 22 Kans.. 2 W.Va. 1 2 Ark. . . 0 1 Mich. . 9 18 N.J--1 Mo... . 7 1 Iowa .. 6 1 Miss... 5 1 Md... . 4 13 T ex.. . 1 Va..... 2 1 Ill...... 1 1 Ky. ... 0 9 S.C.... 8 Tenn.. 7 Ind. . . 6 Ga..... 5 N.C— Pa..... 3 A la .. . 2 Ohio .. 1 N.Y. .. M i*te Mm en in r* e b 7 5 3 1 5 1 4 8 2 0 30 53 6 4 83 143 60 135 117 250 60 236 17 8 153 346 31 1 336 308 543 259 569 824 436 79 8 81 0 593 590 900 1,128 876 650 84 6 763 926 835 1,326 1,229 1,178 1,644 6 2 18 6 223 34 6 573 61 3 1,560 2,386 3,505 6,390 6,623 8,358 12,537 12,719 13,265 17,196 18,44 1 22,335 25,888 26,410 33,778 43,111 43,992 48,658 51,404 53,908 65,787 73,121 80,736 84,396 84,640 98,806 102,808 126,156 131,710 145,068 149,156 1 ,7 6 54 6 155,768 1 2,182 6 2 1% u 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 2 0 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 .. U ta h .. N .M e x Ida— W y o . .. Nev.. . W ash.. D a k .. . C o lo ... D e l.... Oreg. . Nebr. . In d . T. C a l.... M in n .. D .C . M d.... V t......... R .I ----W is .... N.H._ . F la ___ K a n s .. C o n n .. Iow a. . W .V a. N.J— Mich. . Me... . Ind.... Mass. . Ark. .. Ohio . La____ Pa...... Ill...... Mo. . . T e x ... Tenn.. Miss... N .Y ... S.C.... Ala. . . K y .... N.C.. . Va..... Ga----- 1 7,142 8 192,268 201,277 212,504 234,700 Rank Minietete M ember. 1 1 1 4 2 1 13 19 14 20 50 91 84 78 144 23 67 127 126 199 210 231 313 136 334 242 209 417 401 423 348 639 574 481 542 1,076 978 1,128 975 846 983 656 726 1,183 1,153 759 1,658 SCALE: 14 16 20 43 101 110 424 740 1,239 2,329 2,957 5,294 5,915 6,076 8,379 8,319 8,591 12,506 14,770 14,934 18,088 18,738 18,839 22,402 26,785 27,427 32,966 33,645 36,885 45,741 51,248 53,882 58,078 58,918 75,366 77,081 102,221 108,268 117,998 123,204 126,962 141,112 165,574 171,920 177,719 209,905 236,546 A r i z . .. A ls k ... U ta h .. W y o . .. N .M e x M o n t.. M ie re Mme io te e b r* 3 2 1 1 4 7 7 2 Nev.. . 4 Vt---2 2 D a k . .. Id a — 2 3 R.I. . . N .H ... 1 1 Conn.. 1 7 W a s h .. 2 1 2 0 Fla.. .. 2 4 In d . T. Oreg. . 4 0 4 7 Ark. .. 2 7 2 9 Mass. . 2 6 D .C . .. D e l.-. 4 7 36 La...... 8 1 Nebr. . 93 Minn.. 7 9 Miss... Wis. . . 107 Cal- .. 11 6 70 M d- .. W.Va. 7 8 Ala---104 82 202 Kans.. S.O.... 14 1 Mich. . 178 Tex. . . 325 N.C. - 15 4 V a .. .. 333 Ky. . .. 262 Iowa — 298 Ind.... 235 M o- .. 385 Tenn.. 397 N.J— 368 604 11 1 ...... Ohio .. 61 3 N .Y - . 1,044 Pa...... 1,109 3 1 3 2 17 4 19 4 14 6 194 24 4 280 394 46 0 42 6 64 6 87 9 1,387 1 ,523 1,797 1 .811 2,290 2,497 2,823 3,645 3,918 4,242 5,241 7,023 7,179 8,026 8,275 8.849 9,529 10,131 10,390 12,563 15,53 1 17,814 19,68 1 23,232 27,495 27,617 28,437 35,050 35,149 43,468 46,600 60,243 84,654 135,779 167,780 State 4 „ .. 7# ............... 5 m n 10# ............ 6 to Population, by States, Per Ct. .001 .02 .03 .13 .17 .48 .54 .56 .63 .70 .91 1.07 1.13 1.17 1.58 1.64 1.69 1.75 1.81 1.89 2.05 2.31 2.49 2.50 2.87 2.91 3.59 3.76 4.43 4.68 4.71 5.21 5.34 5.68 6.26 6.71 6.80 6.95 7.65 U ta h .. 46 45 44 43 42 41 41) 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 Ala. . . 5 Miss.. . 8 1 Ark.. .16 Mo.. .1 A r i z . . .47^ebr. .36 Cal... .34 Nev.. .42 Colo.. .39 N.H. -27 Conn. .24 N.J.. .21 4 N .M e x 4 0 5 Del... .38 N.Y. - 7 D . C . . .32 N.C.. . 3 F la... .26.Ohio .15 Ga.... 1Oreg. -37 I d a . . .44 Pa. . .13 2 1 1 ... 1 R.I. .29 1. 8 Ind... 1 S.O. . . 6 I n d . T 35 Tenn. . 9 Iow a. .23 T e x- .10 Kans. .25 U t a h . .46 .30 Ky. .. 4 Vt. La.... .14 V a ... . 2 M e ... 1 W a sh .41 9 2 3 W.Va 2 1 Md.. . Mass. 1 Wis. .28 7 Mich. .20 W y o .. .43 Minn. .33 N .M e x A r iz ... Id a — N ev.. . W y o ... D a k ... W a sh .. Colo... C al.... Md... . Minn.. Wis— N ebr. . D el.... Iow a .. O reg. . Pa----Ohio .. Kans.. Mich. . Ind. . . .N .Y . . . Ill...... Mass. . N.J. . . Conn.. V t----W.Va. D . C ... M o .... N .H ... R .I.... Me___ La___ Ark_ _ Tex. .. F la.... Tenn.. Ky. ... Miss... N.C.--. Ala.... Va..... 2 S.C.--. I Ga...... SI KEY •• 3X......... 10.88 12.69 13.11 14.17 15.33 SCALE: 20,000 Rn ak Ala. . .18 M iss-.23 A ls k . -47 Mo___ 7 A rk .. .30 Mont. .43 A r i z . . . 48 Nebr. .25 Cal... .21 N ev.. .42 Colo. ..31 N.H.. .37 Conn. .36 N.J--- 5 Dak... 4 N . M e x 44 C D el..-27 N .Y ... 2 D.C. ..28 N.C— 12 Fla. ...34 Ohio. . 3 Ga......1 Oreg. .32 7 Ida--- 39 Pa...... 1 11 1 ...... 4 R .I.. ..38 Ind. . . 8 S.C. . -15 Ind.T. 33 Tenn.. 6 Iowa .. 9 Tex.. .13 Kans. .16 U t a h .A Q K y---- 1 V t......4 0 1 La-----2 Va..... 1 6 1 Md- ..20 Wash..35 Mass. .29 W.Va. 1 9 Mich. .14 Wis.. .22 Minn. .24 Wyo..A5 40,000 70,000 go,ooo S tate Per C L 46 4 5 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 1 40 39 38 37 3 6 3 5 3 4 33 3 2 3 1 3 0 2 9 2 8 2 7 2 6 2 5 2 4 23 2 2 2 1 2 0 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 A r i z . .. .07 .08 .10 .13 .14 .15 .16 .19 .29 .31 .39 .45 .49 .56 .61 .63 .67 .71 .80 .89 .94 .95 1.03 1.08 1.15 1.1 7 1.23 1.2 4 1.26 1.49 1.55 1.62 1.65 1.67 1.75 1.77 1.81 1.84 1.95 2.05 2.64 2.67 2.67 2.81 3.91 4.11 Vt----- U ta h .. N .M e x Conn.. Mass. . R .I---N .H ... D a k ... Ark— Nev— . La..... M o n t. . Fla- .. Wis— . Miss—. Ga...... W y o ... Ala.... Minn— M d .... C al.... Mich.. Nebr. . Colo... T ex.... Id a — Kans.. W.Va. S.C-.. M o- .. N.C. .. K y .... Iowa .. Ind. . . Va. ... W a s h .. Ill...... D .C .. . Ob io .. N .Y - . D el-.. Tenn.. Pa____ N.J— 5 ■ „ 10#....... ; 6 over,_........... . 7 ^ to Population, 4 „ 7#........ . Ratio o f Membership 3 ,* 5#_...... . Ala. . . 4 Miss... 6 Ark. . .11 Mo---- 16 A r iz . ..44 Nebr. .33 C al....3 Nev. ..42 7 Colo. ..38 N.H. ..15 Conn. .20 N .J .. .21 D a k . . . 4 N . M e x A5 0 Del....32 N.Y. ..24 D . C . -17 N.C.. . 5 Fla----9 Ohio — 8 2 Ga..... 1 Oreg. .30 I d a . . . .43 P a .. -29 11 1 ...... 23 R .I ....14 Ind....25 S.C. . . 2 Iowa ..31 Tenn.. 8 Kans. .27 Tex.. .10 Ky___ 7 l t a h . .46 9 La..... 12 V t..... 1 Me. ...13 V a .... 3 Md.. ..36 W a s h ..39 8 Mass. .22 W.Va. 1 Mich. .26 Wis. -34 Minn..35 Wyo..A\ Ratio by States, 1880. Membership by States, 1880, 4 8 4 7 4 6 4 5 4 4 4 3 42 4 1 40 39 3 8 3 7 3 6 3 5 3 4 33 32 3 1 30 29 2 8 2 7 2 6 2 5 24 2 3 22 2 1 2 0 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 5 # .. Ratio o f Membership * ---- S t I N D E X . S te ta i. Congregational Methodists n ot included. Ratio by States, 1880 PRESBYTERIAN. Rn ak „ 7 Membership by States, 1880. 8tate 3 7% t IN D E X . A r iz . 3M 6# BAPTIST. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 ,f 3# a Bank 1 U n d e r *# ( SCA LE: : %or Population. » 3* KEY 1 j|# and under 1#______ op,000 100,000 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 A la - -28 Mo___ 1 5 Ark. ..37 M07lt. .34 A r i z . . A 6 Nebr. .22 C a l--25 Nev.. .36 Colo. .21 N.H. -39 Conn. .42 N .J .. . 1 3 D a k . -38 N . M e x 4 Del- . 4 N .Y - . 5 D . C . . 7 N.C.. .14 Fla- .33 Ohio. . 6 Ga— — 0 Oreg. .24 . 8 I d a . . -19 Pa......2 Til. . . 8 R .I_ 4 _ 0 In d -..11 S.C--- 1 6 Iowa -12 iTenn— 3 Kans. .18 Tex- .20 Ky---- 1 lU t a h . A A 3 T.«. 35 V t......4 5 0 Md- -26 Va___ 1 9 Mass. .41 Mich— W. Va.17 23 Minn-27 W is.. .32 Miss.-31 W y o . . . 29 CO PYRIG H T, 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SONS. 2 1# ». ». 3#........ 3 3# o .» 5 # ...... 4 ey. v i% ...... 5 7# „ » 10#------ 6 7 BELIG-IOTT DENOMINATIONAL STATISTICS. —Continued. LUTHERAN. Ratio by States, 1880. Rank Membership by States, 1880. Rank 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 But* Ida— F la . . . . D e l.... W ash.. N.H. .. R . I ----- D a k ... O re g . . L a ------- M e .. .. A r k .. . Colo. .. M i s s ... Conn. . K y. . . . A la ----G a......... M a ss . . D. G . . C a l.. . . W . Y a. T e n n .. N .C .. . S . C .. . N. J . . . V a ........ M d .... K a n s .. N ebr. . Mo___ M ich. . Ind. . . Iowa .. N .Y . . . M inn. . W i s . ... Ohio . . I ll.......... P a ____ Miniater* 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 4 4 5 5 8 6 7 7 7 8 11 12 16 25 36 36 37 57 63 79 78 116 124 152 190 204 230 254 318 348 566 ; in d e x 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 . A la .. .24 M ich. 9 A r k .. .29 M inn. 5 C a l.. .20 M iss.. .27 Colo. .28 Mo. . . .10 Conn. -26 Nebr. .1 1 Dak. -33 N.H. . .35 D el.. .37 N .J. . 1 5 D. a . .2 1 N .Y .. 6 F la .. .38 N .C ... .17 G a .... .23 Ohio . 3 I d a . . .39 .32 111. . . . 2 P a . .. 1 4 Ind.. . 8 R . I . . . 3 Iowa . 7 S.C... .16 Kan.s. .1 2 T enn. .18 Ky. . .25 V a . . . . .14 L a. .. .31 W ash. .36 M e ... .30 W .V a 19 M d .. .13 W is ... . 4 M ass. .22 Member, 52 100 125 130 146 220 228 480 605 741 770 994 1,110 1,126 1,210 1,330 1,748 1,795 1,975 2,580 3,460 5,475 6,985 7,525 8,350 12,472 14,520 State F la .. .. N.H. ... L a ......... K y. . . . R .I . . . D e l.. . . A rk. . . M iss. .. M ass. . A la. . . Ga......... M e. .. . I d a ___ D ak . . . II a s h . . Conn . O reg. . C a l... . T en n . . N .C .. . . Colo. . . W .V a . N .J ----S .C .... V a ........ N .Y . .. D .C . .. Mo-----M d ... . Ind. . . M ich. . K ans. . Ohio .. I ll......... Iow a .. P a. N ebr. . iW is. . . M in n .. 19 IK 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 24,439 27,754 33,498 42,290 44,651 54,980 60,046 3 2 1 (Based on D ata Collected by W . II. D e Puy, D. D .) in d e x . Per c t .03 .04 .06 .07 .07 .08 .10 .10 .10 .1 1 .1 1 .1 1 .15 .16 .17 .18 .27 .29 .35 .49 .51 .65 .73 .75 .82 .87 1 .1 1 1.12 1.55 59 P l a t e scale: I* A la .. .30 M ich . . 9 A rk .. .33 M in n .. 1 C a l.. 22 M iss. ..32 Colo. .19 M o.. ..12 Conn. .24 N ebr. . 3 D ak. .26 N .H . ..38 D e l... .34 N . J . . . .17 D.C. 13 N .Y . ..14 F la ... 39 N .C. ..20 G a .... ?9 Ohio . . 7 I d a . . . .27 O reg. .23 III. . . . 6 P a ........ 4 I n d .. . .1 0 R .I .- .35 Iowa . 5 S .C .---16 K ans. 8 T enn. 21 K y. . . 36 V a ........15 L a . ... 37 W a sh ..?* M e.. 28 W .V a . 18 Md. . .1 1 M ass. .31 CHRISTIAN (Disciples of Christ.) Membership by States, 1880. IUnk 40 39 38 37 36 35 Stmt* N .H ... W y o ... 2 V t ____ 2 M o n t .. 33 M e. . . . 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 1 1 D .C .. . D el— . ■ D a k ... M 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 Minister^ C o n n .. W a sh .. F la .... L a ........ M d ... . M ass. . M in n .. C o lo ... M is s ... W is. . . S .C .- . A la - .O reg. . C a l.. .. K a n s .. A r k .... N .Y . .. M ich . . W .V a .. G a -----N ebr. . P a. . . . [Tex. .. 9 V a........ 8 N.C— 7 Iowa . 6 T e n n .. 5 Ohio .. 4 Mo. . . . 3 In d— 2 K .v.. . . 1 I ll......... 4 3 5 5 4 8 12 6 5 5 13 13 12 12 19 27 24 36 95 45 39 49 45 48 41 88 138 118 78 131 194 216 395 583 485 651 Ala.. 21 Minn. .26 Ark.. .17 Miss.. .24 Cal- -19 Mo.. . . 4 Colo. 25 Mont. .35 Conn. .32 Nebr. .1 2 Dak. .34 N .H .. .40 D el— 37 N.Y- .16 8 D .C. .38 N.C. Fla... M Ohio. 5 l Ga. . .13 Oreg. .20 111... . 1 Pa..... .11 Ind- . 3 S.C... .22 Iowa . 7 Tenn. _ 6 K ans. .18 Tex. . .10 K y. . . 2 V t.... .3 6 La... 13 Va-.. 9 M e .. .33 Wash. .31 Md.. .28 W.Va 14 M ass. .27 Wis... .23 Mich. .15 Wyo.. .39 Member. 35 95 330 421 425 675 679 725 775 850 930 1,047 1,095 1,233 1,615 1,760 2,070 2,595 2,815 3,252 4,760 5,475 6,494 5,939 5,950 Ratio by States, 1880. ; IN D EX. i SCALE: 10,000 20,000 Rank 6,010 7,950 9,859 13,380 13,600 16,100 16,300 16,700 19,206 38,650 48,500 55,950 78,920 80,000 90,000 79,535 State 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 :« 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 6 4 3 2 1 N .H . .. M ass. . L a-----M e. . . . .01 .06 .1 1 .1 1 .12 .12 .12 .1 3 .18 .19 .19 .20 .25 .28 .29 .31 .34 .36 .45 .50 .55 .63 .64 .73 .90 1.01 1.07 1 .1 3 1.18 1 .1 9 1.28 1 .5 1 IN D E X . Per C t N .Y — . M d ... . Conn. . i V t ____ M is s .. . D .C .. . W is---M in n .. A la .— S .O .— D e l- .. P a____ F la - .. M ich . . W y o ... D ak. .. K ans. . C a l- . . G a......... A r k .. . Colo. .. T e x .- . V a. . . . W a sh .. Iow a .. N.C. .. W .V a. Ohio .. M o n t .. T e n n .. M o.. . . III.......... N ebr. . In d. - . SCALE: ft A la. . A rk. . C a l. .. C o lo .. Conn. D a k .. D e l.. D.C. F la .. Ga— Ill___ Ind— Io w a .. K ans. Ky. . . La... M e. . M d- . Mass. M ich. M inn. .29 M i8s.-.32 M o.. . . C M o n t.. 8 N ebr. . 3 N .H. ..40 N .Y . ..3 6 N .C .. .1 1 O h io .. 9 O reg. . 5 Pa-------25 S .C . ..2 7 T enn._ 7 T e x .. .15 V t........ 33 V a ___ 14 W a sh ..11 W .V a . 10 W is. ..3 0 KEY ir?/ o .,.2 2 No r e p o r t.................— ........ . U nder k X .................. 1 kX an d u n d e r IX —- ....... ^ IX .. 3 3X ............... 3^ „ 2.50 2.58 2.72 2.76 2.95 3.98 „ bX ............... i% ............... 10^ ............ IX .. K y .... lO^-an d o v e r ,..................... 4 5 6 7 CONGREGATIONAL. Membership by States, 1880. Rank State Minister, N e v .. . W y o ... U ta h .. F la ___ W .V a. G a -----M iss. .. M d - .. S .C . . . V a ___ T e x .. . N .C . . . T e n n .. Colo—. D a k .. . K y - .. D .C . .. O re g ... A la - .. L a ------I n d .... Nebr. . N .J— Mo -----C a l.. .. R .I ----P a ........ K ans. . M in n .. W is. .. Iowa .. M ich. . V t-----M e- N.H. .. Ohio — 111......... N .Y .. . O onn.. M ass. . 1 2 2 1 3 13 2 1 5 4 8 5 8 18 13 4 13 11 14 17 19 76 29 63 63 35 59 104 112 167 188 204 195 197 196 162 251 258 387 674 30 45 54 73 82 106 132 165 230 231 282 318 384 409 411 566 599 774 818 1,301 1,809 3,124 3,373 3,641 4,524 5,214 5,635 5,748 6,722 14,135 15,576 17,044 20,116 21,635 22,544 22,803 23,113 33,392 55,855 91,787 A la — .22 M o - .17 C a l- .16 N ebr. .19 Colo. -27 N ev.. .40 Conn. , 2 N.H. . 6 D ak. 26 N .J ... .18 D .C. .24 N .Y .. . 3 F la ... 37 N.C. .29 G a - .. .35 Ohio . 5 111. . . . . 4 O reg. .23 Ind. . .2 0 P a. . -14 Iowa .1 0 R .I . . . .15 K ans. .13 S.O . . .32 K y .. .25 T enn. .28 L a . . . . .2 1 T e x .. .30 M e ... . 7 U ta h . .38 M d - 33 V t .. . . 8 M ass. . 1 V a. . . .31 M ich. . 9 W . Va.36 M inn. 12 W is .. .1 1 Miss. 34 W y o .. .39 M ember* 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Ratio by States, 1880. - € ^ IN D E X . 20,000 Rank 30,000 40,000 ™’™ 80,0<> X 90,000 State Per Ct. 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 [Ga........ M iss .. . W .V a. V a........ M d. . . . T ex— N.C— S.C . . . [T e n n .. F la . . . . K y........ U t a h .. Nev— A la. . . Ind. . . P a. . . . L a-----M o___ C o lo .. . .001 .01 .01 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .03 .03 .04 .04 .06 .09 .13 .14 .16 .2 1 .22 .29 .30 .33 .44 .52 .57 .65 .69 .71 .75 .86 .95 1.04 1.07 1.88 3.33 5.14 6.05 6.49 IN D E X . 6 4 3 2 1 N .J — D a k .. . D .C . . . O reg. . C a l,... K a n s .. N .Y. .. N ebr. . Ohio .. I ll.......... M in n .. Iowa . . M ich . . W is. . . R .I . . . . M e___ M ass. . V t____ N.H. Conn. . SCALE: ft A la C a lColo. Conn. Dak. D.C. F la ... G a— 111. . . . I n d .. Iowa K ans. K y. . L a— M eMd. . M ass. M ich. M inn. M iss. .27 M o - . .23 .16 N ebr. .13 .2 2 N e v ... 28 . 1 N .H .. . 2 .19 N .J ... .20 .18 N .Y. . .14 .31 N .C. . .34 40 Ohio . .1 2 .1 1 O reg. .17 .26 P a. 25 . 9 K .I.- . 6 15 S .C — .33 .30 T enn. 32 .24 T e x ... .35 . 5 U tah .29 .36 V t . . . . . 3 - 4 V a .. .. .37 . 8 W .V a 38 . 1(1 W is ... . 7 .39 W y o .. .2 1 KEY No rep o rt U nd er i'A ... IX an d u n d er IX 10X an d over, PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL. Membership by States, 1880. Rank State 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 N .M ex W ash .. I d a .... M o n t .. Nev. . . W yo. . . U t a h .. A r k .. . C o lo .. . 8 7 6 6 4 3 2 D a k ... F la - M is s .. . K a n s .. W .V a. D e l- .. N .H .. . M e___ L a ......... V t ____ A la. . . T e n n .. Ind. . . T e x -K y........ Iowa — C a l.... G a........ S.C . . . M in n .. D .C . . . Mo. . . . N.C— W i s .. . R .I . . . . I ll.......... M ich . . O hio . . V a -----N .J ---M ass. . M d. ... Conn. . P a ------N .V . . . Mlniiter* 5 7 3 8 7 5 12 14 18 21 26 32 19 30 29 19 28 31 27 34 29 28 33 32 49 35 51 69 37 47 73 27 55 69 86 48 113 90 119 130 169 150 170 183 332 618 150 246 250 321 340 528 629 939 1,017 1,067 1,184 1,526 1,546 1,694 1,860 1,911 1,989 2,C65 2,067 2,957 3,316 3,458 3,516 3,692 3,812 3,954 3,963 4,125 4,433 4,549 4,836 4 933 5,335 5,672 6,380 6,388 9,226 10,232 11,598 12,884 14,951 17,189 17,667 20,249 37,960 latio by States, 1880. -« S 2 IN D E X . Member. SCALE: 10,000 20,000 A l a . . . .25 Mo___ 14 A r k .. .39 M o n t. .43 C a l . . . . 19 Nebr. .35 Colo. — Nev---- 42 38 C o n n .. 3 N .H . ..29 D ak . ..36 N . J . . . 6 D e l- . . 30 N .M ex 46 D .C. ..15 N .Y ... 1 F la — .34 N .C .. .13 Ga........18 O hio. . 8 I d a — 44 O reg. .37 111......... 10 P a .........2 I n d - . . 23 R .I ....1 1 Iowa — S .C ... .17 20 K ans. .32 T enn. .24 K y___ 21 T e x .. .22 L a ........ 27 U ta h . AO M e. ...2 8 V t.........26 M d - . . 4 V a ........ 7 M ass. . 5 W a sh ..45 M ic h .. 9 W .V a . 31 M inn—16 W is .. .1 2 M is s ... 3 W y o ... 41 Rank 30,000 40,000 5 0 ,0 0 0 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 State 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 A r k .. . N .M ex M is s .. . Ind. . . K ans. . T e n n .. T ex . . . K y. . . . Iow a — Mo___ A la. . . Ga........ Ill......... W .V a . L a ......... M e. . . . W a sh .. N ebr. . Ohio . . N.C---U ta h .. S .C — C a l— . W i s .. . iC olo .. . N e v - .. F la - .. N.H. .. O reg. . M inn. . M ich . . Ida_ _ M o n t. . V a ........ D a k ... P a ........ M ass. . V t........ N .J - .. D e l.... N .Y . .. M d -. . R .I . . . W y o .. . D .C . .. Conn . IN D E X . Per Ct. .1 1 .1 2 .14 .19 .19 .22 .24 .24 .24 .25 .27 .28 .29 [-.SCALE: .30 .31 .32 .32 .33 .36 .40 .43 .45 .47 .48 .52 .54 .57 .59 .61 .62 .62 .76 .81 .85 .87 .88 .96 ft A la. . .36 M o ... .37 A r k .. .46 M o n t. .14 C a l- . .24 N ebr. .29 Colo. ..22 Nev. . .21 Conn. . 1 N .H .. .19 D ak. ..12 N . J - . . 8 D el. — 7 N .M ex 45 D .C . . . 2 N .Y .. . 6 F la. ...2 0 N .C— 27 Ga.........35 O hio. .28 I d a ---- 15 O reg. .18 111......... 34 P a ____11 In d . . .43 R .I — 4 Iow a -.38 S .C . . .25 K an s. .42 T en n . .41 K y. ...3 9 T e x .. .40 L a ____32 l t a h . . 26 M e___ 31 V t........ 9 M d - . . 5 V a ........13 M ass. .10 11 a.s/i-30 M ich. .16 W .V a . 33 M inn. .17 W is .. .23 M iss.. 44 W v o ... 3 KEY No w p o r t .............................. 1 IX an d u n d e r I X .... .......... IX ” »» 2 & x 3 .. SX......... SX » u 7X.......... 5 TX 1.32 1.35 1.73 1.88 2.31 2.53 2.77 3.25 » 4 •»-» -* -» 10X 6 V Xan d O CO PYRIG H T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. . over, - ..................... 7 P late 6 0 EELIGIOIT DENOMINATIONAL STATISTICS. (Based on D ata Collected by W . H. D e Puy, D. D .) UNITED BRETHREN — Continued1 TH E BRETHREN Ratio o f Membership to Population, (D U N K A R D S .) by States, Ratio o f Membership to Population, by States, 1880 . . ,-r _ 1880. -, IOWA. NEBR. KANS. KANS. Rank Rank State 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 K y. . . . N .Y . . . T en n . . C al----Mo-----Colo. .. M inn. . W i s .. . Dak. .. V a ........ W ash . . M d .. . . M ich . . Iow a .. I ll.......... O reg. . P a ......... K ans. . N ebr. . Ohio . . In d ----W .V a - N.MtX. Per Ct .04 .05 .05 .07 .10 .11 .15 .20 .29 .30 .35 .37 .43 .44 .50 .53 .55 .64 .66 1.22 1.25 1.30 H o report. U n d er i% IN D E X , C al___ 19|Mo___ 18 C olo.. .17 N ebr. . 4 D ak . ..1 4 N .Y .. .2 1 111..........8 ,Ohio . . 3 I n d .... 2 O reg. . 7 Iowa . . 9 P a ........ 6 K a n s .. 5 T enn. .20 jr.- .. 2 2 V a . . . .13 d----- 11 W a8h..Y l M ich. .10 W .V a . 1 M inn. .16: W is .. .15 S REFORMED State Per Ct 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 iGa-----T e x .. . D ak . . . N .J — W a sh .. C al. . . . N .C .. . W i s . ... M in n .. M ich . . C o lo ... Mo___ T e n n .. I ll......... Ida— V a-----M d .. . . N ebr. . .002 .01 .01 .01 .01 .02 .02 .05 .05 .07 .09 .1 1 .13 .25 .25 .25 .30 .32 .33 .39 .40 .<0 .47 .54 .88 K y .... K a n s .. P a ........ W .V a. I n d .— (((§> f p H o rep o rt. “ Under SC , • 1 IN D E X , C a l.. .. 2 0 N ebr. . 8 C o lo ... 15 N .J .__22 D ak . ..2 3 N .C .. .19 G a .__ 25 O hio . . 6 I d a _ 11 O reg. _ 7 _ 111..........12 P a . . . . . 3 I n d .... liT e n n . .13 K a n s .. 4 T ex. . .24 K y .. . . 5 V a------10 M d-----9 W a sh ..21 M ich . .16 W .V a . 2 M inn. .17 W is .. .18 Mo___ 14 _____ BW W mmm J 0% and over REFORM ED, IN AMERICA. Ratio o f Membership to Population, by States, • 1880 . _ nebr. Rank State 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 M ass. . N .J— C o n n .. T e n n .. Mo___ V a........ .01 .02 .02 .03 .03 .03 .05 .05 .08 .09 .09 .10 .10 .1 2 .13 .14 .17 .17 .21 .27 .27 .28 .33 .34 .57 .70 1.09 1.68 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 F la .... M ich. . C al. . . . W .V a. C o lo .. . I ll......... N .C— D ak . .. D e l.... K a n s .. N ebr. . M in n .. W a sh .. O reg ... Iowa .. In d---W is— M d ... . Ohio . . P a ........ KANS. KANS. PerCt. IOWA. H o rep o rt. H o report.. U n d e r \% Under i%.. IN D E X , Rank 10% an d over State 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 K y .... I n d .... Nebr. . M in n .. Ill.......... P a-----W is .... Iowa .. O reg. . 1 N .J — UNITED EVANGELICAL Per Ct. sc a le .003 .003 .004 .02 .03 .05 .07 .07 .08 .33 m 1.74 : IN D E X , 111......... 8 N ebr. .10 I n d ....11 N .J ... . 1 Iow a . . 5 N .Y .. . 2 K y. ..12 O reg. . 4 M ich . . 3 P a.........7 M in n .. 9 W is .. . 6 10% and over FRIENDS Ratio o f Membership to Population, Ratio o f Membership to Population, by States, by States, a - 1880. — f mi 1880. **■ ■ ■ MINN. NEBR. IOWA. NEBR. KANS. Rank H o rep o rt. Rank State Per Ct 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 Colo. .. C a l.. .. K ans. . V a ........ P a ......... N .J — L a......... Nebr. . M inn. . Iowa .. .001 .01 .04 .06 .06 .07 .10 .15 .25 .26 .29 .51 .52 .55 .58 .63 .73 .77 .88 M ich. . N .Y .. . W is---M d .... 4 M o.. .. 3 Ohio .. 2 In d ----1 111........... U n d e r 4%. IN D E X , C a l.. 18 M inn. Colo.. .19 Mo. 111. . . l Nebr. I n d ... . 2 N .J .. Iowa .1 0 N.Y. K ans. .17 Ohio K y .. . 9 P a. .. L a . . . . 13 V a. M d .. . 5 W is. M ich . . 8 .1 1 . 4 .12 .14 . 7 . 3 .15 .16 . 6 ^EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION State 29 •28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 C al. . . . V a ........ W is .... Neb*-. . W .V a. Mo. . . . A r k .. . C o lo .. . M in n .. M d .. . . D .C . .. M ich . . N .Y . .. T e n n .. .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .02 .02 .03 .03 .03 W ash.. .25 .28 .34 .40 .54 1.07 2.10 Iow a .. I n d .... H o report U n d e r 4%. M V t------111.......... |N .H.. . KANS. PerCt .06 .06 .07 .07 .08 .08 .09 .10 .12 .22 M ass. . N .J — P a -----M e ... . R .I . . . N .C .. Ohio . K a n s .. IOWA. .•a IN D E X , A rk . ..2 3 N .H ... 1 C a l . . . .29 N .J. ..1 1 C o lo ...2 2 N .Y .. .16 D .C . ..1 8 N.C. . . 7 111.........13 O h io .. 6 In d-----2|0reg. .2 1 Iowa . . 3 P a ........ 10 K a n s .. 5 R .I ... . 8 M e .. . . 9,T enn. .15 M d .--.1 9 V t___ 14 M ass. .12iV a. ...2 8 M ich. .17 W a sh .. 4 M inn. .20 W .V a . 25 Mo. ..24 W is. ..27 N ebr. .26. 10% an d over r^' Ratio o f Membership to Population, by States, J Ratio o f Membership to Population, \ „___ 1 SSO, by States, ^ r r r v is & o . < --- t NEBR. IOWA. IOWA. NEBR. KANS. KANS. No rep o rt. Rank 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 II 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 8Ute mo. ::: N .J — C a l.. . . N .Y .. . O reg. . M d .. .. D ak . .. N ebr. . K a n s .. In d ----Ohio .. M ic h .. I ll.......... Iowa .. M inn. . P a. .. 1 W i s .. . U n d e r i% . Per Ct .004 .01 .03 .05 .11 .14 .15 .18 .21 .27 .31 .32 .33 .39 .41 .47 .75 .76 IN D E X , C a l----- 15|Minn.. 3 D ak . ..11 Mo___ 17 11 1 .......5 N.J----- 16 I n d .... 8 |N.Y.. .14 Iowa . . 4 Ohio . . 7 K a n s .. 9 O reg. .13 K y .. ..18 N ebr. .10 M d .. -1 2 P a . .. 2 M ic h .. 6 iW is— 1 Rank State PerCt 5 4 3 2 1 C o lo ... A r iz ... W y o ... I d a ----U t a h .. 1.57 12.48 14.38 18.41 38.60 CO PYRIG H T, 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SONS. R ELIG IO N P l a t e 61 DENOMINATIONAL STATISTICS. —Continued. (Based on D ata Collected by W . H. D e Puy, D. D .) Ratio o f Membership Ratio by States', 1880. 8 Hank 2 0 28 27 26 25 24 23 1a sh. .. 1 2 A al------. 2C la.---2 1 2 N .J 0s s W is. . . 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 Dale. Ratio by States, Per Ct. tate L a -----Nebr. . S.C . . . W .V a . T ex___ N .O .... O reg. . K ans. . M iss. .. F la . . . . Mo. . . . Ga......... 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 .. P a. . .. M inn. . D .C . . . M ich . . .02 0 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 2 .0 2 .0 2 .0 2 1880. .003 .003 Rank 2 Iowa.. 2 2 Ind,... 1 2 Fla.... 0N.J— 19 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05 .07 .07 18 Conn.. 17 N . Y . . . 16 Colo... 15 Mich. . 14 Cal.. .. 13 Oreg. . .13 .13 .14 .1 7 9 7 5 4 3 Per Ct. .013 .003 .01 0 1 .0 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 2 .0 2 .0 2 .0 2 .0 2 .0 2 .03 1 I ll.......... .03 2 1 Dak. ... .03 1 Nebr. .04 1 W ) 8 .... .03 0 9 .04 8Del.... .04 .05 7 D.C. .. ash.. 6 VWt ......... .(’6 .08 5 1 JIowa . . 2 1 Idll.......... .1 1 a 1 N .Y . .. 0 0 Ind. 8Conn.. .. 6Ohio .. .2 N.H. .. 0 R .I .... .2 2 iM e... . ass. 2Mt------. 1V ___ State 32 Tenn.. 31 Ark. .. 30 Ky. ... 29 Md. ... 28 S.C.— 27 L a _____ 26 Pa...... 25 Ohio .. 24 Kans.. 23 Mo_ _ 4 R .I —. . 3 Me... . 2Mass. . 1 .25 .36 .51 N .H ... CHURCH OF GOD. (W1NEBRENNARIAN.) — / UA , TH / .09 .16 .30 .62 Ratio o f Membership Ratio o f Membership to Population, .- ft i i COLO. V ~ -1 — ark. Ratio by States, Ratio by States, 1880. Rank State Mo. . . . 13 M ich. . Ohio .. V a-----.......... 9 T e x .. . Iowa .. 7 K ans. . 14 1880. PerCt. Rank 1 2 1 1 1 .05 1 1 01 .05 .06 8 .06 .09 6 I n d .... .1 1 0 5 .1 1 0 Me. . . . .1 1 2 3 2Ma........ .13 1 1 P d .. - .19 5 K y .. .. V a........ 1 Ill......... 2 1 1 1 N .Y ... 0 8 6 N .J ---- .04 .04 .04 4 State 14 13 .0 S C A L E 2 M ic h .. Io w a .. IN D E X . 9 A r k .. . 3 M ich . .13 .........10 M o ... .14 I n d .... 5 Nebr. . 6 Iowa . . 8 Ohio ..12 K a n s .. 7 P a . . . . . 1 M e .. .. 4 T ex. . . 9 M d .. . . 2 V a........ 11 11 1 7 5 4 3 M d ... . I n d .... O h io .. M in n .. W is .... 2 Na.C .... 1 P ........ Per Ct. .02 0 .0 1 .0 1 .0 2 .0 2 .0 2 .03 .03 •04 .05 .08 .14 .14 .1 5 NEW JERUSALEM . SUMMARY. Ratio o f Membership to Population, R E L IG IO U S D E N O M IN A T IO N S IN T H E U N IT E D ST A T E S , 1880. Religious Divisions o f the World. (E stim ate from Schem ’s S tatistics.) SC A LE: Kind Eastern churches......... Protestant.................... Homan Catholic........... Adherents 81,000,000 106,000,000 50.000,000 Adherents. 250,0 00,000 500 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 750,000,000 201,000,000 I 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 388.000. 000 7,000,000 Sinto Religion.............. 14.000. 000 Followers of Confucius 80.000. 000 Brahmanism................ 175.000. 000 Mohammedan.............. 201,000,000 340.000. 000 Total non-Christian......... 817.000. 000 Grand Total.................... 1,205,000,000 CO PYRIG H T, 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. V III—Oc CUPATIONS. IN D E X TO PLATES. TOTAL PERSONS OCCUPIED.............................Plate62 PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL SER VICES............................................................ Plate 65 R a t io to P e r s o n s o f T e n Y e a r s a n d O v e r. T o ta l, b y S ta te s. R a tio o f P e r s o n s E n g a g e d In, to P e r s o n s o f T e n Y e a r s a n d O v e r. T o ta l E n g a g e d In, b y S t a t e s ; b y C la sse s. TOTAL MALES OCCUPIED.................................. Plate62 R a t io to M a le s o f T e n Y e a r s a n d O v e r. T o ta l, b y S ta te s. TOTAL FEMALES OCCUPIED.............................Plate63 TRADE AND TRANSPORTATION..................... Plate 66 R a t io o f P e r s o n s E n g a g e d In, to P e r s o n s o f T e n Y e a r s a n d O v e r. T o ta l E n g a g e d In, b y S t a t e s ; b y C la sse s. R a t io to F e m a le s o f T e n Y e a r s a n d O v e r. T o ta l, b y S ta te s. INCREASE IN OCCUPATIONS.....................Plate 63 MANUFACTURES, MECHANICS AND MIN C o m p a r e d w ith In c r e a s e in P o p u la tio n . ING........................................ .....................Plate 67 R a tio o f P e r s o n s E n g a g e d In, to P e r s o n s o f T e n FIFTY PRINCIPAL CITIES...............................Plate 63 Y e a r s a n d O v e r. T o ta l E n g a g e d In, b y S t a t e s ; b y C la sse s. R a t io o f P e r s o n s O c c u p ie d to P o p u la tio n . AGRICULTURE...................... Plate 64 SELECTED OCCUPATIONS..................Plates 68-69 P erson s of T en R a t io o f P e r s o n s E n g a g e d In, to Y e a r s a n d O v e r. T o ta l E n g a g e d In, b y S t a t e s ; b y C la sse s. E x p la n a to r y .— The Plates treating R a t io to T o ta l P o p u la tio n , b y S ta te s . R a t io o f T o ta l O c c u p a tio n s to T o ta l P o p u la tio n . I n G e n e r a l. — The number of persons In 1880, the number was 14,744,942, which reported by the census as pursuing gainful was 29^ of the total population and 78^ of upon the statistics furnished by the United and all males over ten years of age. States Census, which relate only to “ gainful 17,392,099, or 34^ per cent, of the total pop and reputable” occupations. ulation. of occupations, 62-69 inclusive, are based In this term are reputable occupations in 1880 was In 1870, the number was 12,505,923, The number of those classed as working females was, in 1870, 1,836,288, being 4^ per included only those which are directly pro being 32^ per cent. If the number of bread cent, of the total population, and 13^ per cent, ductive of gain, whether in the shape of wages, winners had increased only in the same pro of the number of females over ten years of or other forms of direct compensation or profit. portion as the population increased, that is, age. The large numbers of women who are engaged about 30 per cent., the number would have in 1880 was 2,647,157, or 5^ per cent, of the in housework for their own families do not been, total population, and 14^ per cent, of all come under this definition; while, on the other with the actual number of bread-winners in females over ten years of age. hand, women servants engaged in housework 1880, it appears that, in proportion to popula show an increase in the proportional number for hire are included. tion, this class has increased not less than of working males in the ratios of 1000 to 1067 in the field at agricultural labor, whether for 6^ per cent. This may be due in a certain and of working females of 1000 to 1190, indi wages or not, are included; while the wives degree to the closer enumeration of 1880, but cating not only a decided proportional increase and daughters of farmers engaged, for exam the fact is unquestionable, that, owing mainly in each class, but a much greater increase ple, in dairying on their own account, are not to the extension of the factory system, the among females than among males. enumerated. increased division of labor, and the opening A ll women employed in 1880, 16,257,700. Comparing this Similarly, the number in the same class These figures The distinction thus made by the Census of wider fields of employment for women, the Office, while it may perhaps be considered to proportion of those engaged in gainful occu P r i n c i p a l C la s se s o f O c c u p a tio n s . — The various occupations included some extent an arbitrary one, is, unquestion pations materially increased during the decade. in the above enumeration have been grouped ably, from an industrial point of view, correct; In 1870, the number of working males over by the Census Office in four general classes, and, moreover, it is one which is capable of ten years of age was 10,669,635, or 27^ per namely: sharper limitation than is possible under any cent, of the total population and 74^ per cent, personal services. other definition. of the number of males over ten years of age. tation. .!• 1. Agriculture. 4. 2. Professional and 3. Trade Manufacturing, and transpor mechanical and SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS, lx v i mining industries. This classification is not proportion of working females is found in the This shows that males between the ages W hile class of personal and professional services. The of 16 and 59 were very generally employed. from one point of view, it is a natural one, from greater part of those enumerated in this class The unemployed remainder may be presumed others it is quite the reverse, and it has the are domestic servants, laundresses, nurses and to be made up of students, invalids, paupers practical disadvantage of failing to afford sharp boarding-house keepers. O f the large number and criminals, and those who, having acquired lines of demarkation between the classes. Thus, of females in manufactures, the a competency, have retired from active business, of the great class of laborers, a portion, greater greater proportion are milliners, seamstresses, though the last mentioned doubtless form but or smaller according to the time of the year, dressmakers, and cotton-mill operatives. a small proportion. the first class, while the rest fall in the second D istrib u tion b y A g e an d Sex.— A ll O ccu p ation s, b y States.—The class. A s a matter of fact, a large number of The following table shows the number, and diagram on Plate 69 showing by states the agricultural laborers, especially in the South, proportion by age and sex, of those engaged ratio of bread-winners to the aggregate popu were returned simply as laborers, and hence in gainful avocations, in 1870 and 1880: lation, exhibits a wide divergence among the by any means all that could be desired. employed are agricultural laborers, and are placed in are incorrectly placed in the second class. The numbers engaged in each of these C l a ss e s . P ercent N um ber. four classes in 1870 and in 1880 are presented below, with the percentage which each class 1880. age of o tal T . country being 34^, per cent. A s a rule, the low ratios are found in 4 -3 8 8 2 5 ,18 7 4-7 5 f e m a le .. 1 9 1 ,1 0 0 1 .5 2 2 9 3 ,16 9 1 .6 8 those states in which agriculture is the pre 9 ,4 8 6 ,7 3 4 7 5 .8 8 1 2 ,9 8 6 ,1 1 1 7 4 .6 6 dominant industry, and where, owing to the f e m a le .. 1 , 5 9 4 ,7 8 3 12-75 2 ,2 6 3 ,1 1 5 I 3-I3 settled conditions of society, the ratio of the A b o v e 60 y e a r s , m a l e . . 6 3 4 ,8 3 7 5 -° 7 9 3 3 ,6 4 4 5-37 adult male element to the total population is 5 0 ,4 0 5 O.4O 70 ,8 73 O .4 I “ “ C la s s e s . N um ber. N u m be r . . to 56^ per cent., the average of the whole 5 4 8 ,0 6 4 10 to 15 y e a r s , m a l e . . . “ P er C ent. a g e of o tal T Percent 16 to 5 9 y e a r s , m a l e . . . made of the total: 1870. different states, the ratios ranging from 27^ 1880. 1870. P er C ent. N um ber. “ “ “ fe m a le . A g r i c u l t u r e ............................... 5 . 9 2 2 ,4 7 1 47 7 , 6 7 0 ,4 9 3 44 P r o fe s s io n a l, e tc ., s e r v ic e s . 2 ,6 8 4 ,7 9 3 21 4 ,0 7 4 ,2 3 8 23 T r a d e a n d t r a n s p o r t a tio n . i,i 9 i ,2 3 8 IO 1 ,8 1 0 ,2 5 6 II The above table shows that in every class, M a n u fa c tu r e s , e t c .................. 2 ,7 0 7 ,4 2 1 22 3 ,8 3 7 ,1 1 2 22 with the exception of males between 16 and 59 IOO IOO 10 0 .0 0 10 0 .0 0 not materially greater than the average for the country at large. In these states, also, the class engaged in gainful occupations comprises few besides the adult male element, females thus years of age, there has been an increase rela Increasing the numbers in 1870 proportion employed being comparatively few in number. tively to the total number of persons employed. ally to the increase in population during the In confirmation of this is the fact that in the Increasing the number of these classes in 1870 decade between 1870 and 1880, the following in proportion to the increase in population and conditions are developed. In agriculture, the proportion of bread-winners, the percentage of comparing them with the numbers in the cor number in proportion to population slightly females engaged in gainful occupations is but responding classes in 1880, the following results diminished, in spite of the proportional increase io£ per cent, of the total number of females, are obtained, showing for each 100 of each class of total occupations, being 996 in 1880 to 1000 while in the other states this percentage is 20^, in 1870 (after making the above increase), the in 1870. number in 1880: In the second, third and fourth classes, there was an increase. This increase in the case of the second class, that of personal and professional services, was in the ratio of 1000 “ fe m a le s ...................................................................................... 118 10 5 “ f e m a le s ................................................................................ 10 8 A b o v e 60 y e a r s , m a le s ........................................................................... to 1167. In the class of trade and transport 116 16 to 5 9 y e a r s , m a l e s ......................................................................................... “ “ “ 113 f e m a l e s ........................................................ 10 8 ation, there was an increase from 1000 to 1169, In other words, there were, for every ioo and in that of manufacturing, mechanical and males between the ages of io and 15 years, mining industries, from 1000 to 1090. This employed in 1870, 116 in 1880, the population movement of the population away from agri being supposed to be equal at the two dates; culture and toward those avocations which and there was a similar increase in the other presuppose a denser degree of settlement, is classes. in strict accordance with the course of devel female children between 10 and 15 years of opment of the country. age; the smallest, among males between the The following table shows the distribution by sex of the persons engaged in the four great classes of occupations, severally, in 1880: largest increase was among ages of 16 and 59 years, who form the great body of bread-winners. The following table shows the ratio between the number employed and the total population F em ales. M ales. The C la s s e s . N um ber. P er C ent. A g r i c u l t u r e ................................ 7 , 0 7 5 ,9 8 3 9 2-3 5 9 4 ,5 1 0 P e r s o n a l, e tc ., s e r v i c e s . . . . 2 ,7 1 2 ,9 4 3 6 6 .6 1 ,3 6 1 ,2 9 5 1,7 5 0 ,8 9 2 9 6 .7 5 9 ,3 6 4 3 ,2 0 5 ,1 2 4 8 3-5 6 3 1,9 8 8 1 6 .5 proportions and in the composition of the classes of workers. W here manufacturing is a leading industry, as in most of the North Atlantic states, the proportion of bread-winners is swollen by the large numbers of women and children employed in factories and as house hold servants, milliners, dressmakers, and in other avocations accompanying dense settle ment. In the cotton states of the South the proportion is greatly increased by the general labor of the colored women and children in the fields. In the newer states and territories of the W est (with the exception of Utah and New Mexico) the proportion of workers is exceptionally large, the excess being due 3 -3 M a n u fa c t u r in g , e t c ............... bread-winners, differ in the cause of these high almost entirely to the preponderance of the 3 3 -4 T r a d e a n d t r a n s p o r t a tio n . in each class: 7-7 N um ber. P er C ent. or nearly twice as great. Those states which have a high ratio of 10 to 15 y e a r s , m a le s ......................................................................................... “ twenty states which have less than the average Percentage E m ployed . C la ss e s . are found in the cotton states, where, as is stated elsewhere, those of the colored race work very generally in the fields. The largest female. 1870. 1880. ........................... 19-3 2 4 .4 f e m a le s ..................................... 6 .9 9 .0 16 to 5 9 y e a r s , m a le s .......................................... 9 1 .0 9 3 -4 f e m a l e s ..................................... 15-5 1 6 .9 males and females, it is seen that the highest A b o v e 60 y e a r s , m a l e s ..................................... 63-5 64-3 proportions of the former are found in the 5-3 5-2 10 to 15 y e a r s , m a le s ........... “ Most of the females engaged in agriculture male sex, which here greatly outnumbers the “ “ “ “ f e m a le s .................................. D is t r ib u t io n o f M a le B r e a d W in n e rs. — Distinguishing the workers as Southern states, contrary, perhaps, to the OCCUPA TIONS. generally received opinion. in which cotton In all the states is the leading crop, from lxvii branches of manufactures connected with it, personal and professional services. In the agriculture and stock-raising. Western group, as a whole, manufacturing and mining industries are at the front, at the North Carolina around the Gulf to Texas and the proportion of working males to the whole T h e B a te o f Increase o f B read W in n e rs. — The diagram on Plate 63 illus professional services are Qnly second in import number of males above ten years of age, trating the rate of increase of bread-winners ance. exceeds 80 per cent. The highest proportion between 1870 and 1880, in comparison with the leading occupation. in the country, with the exception of Arizona, that of population, shows that in thirty-five is found in Alabama, where no less than 89 per of the states and cent, of all males over ten years of age, are increased more rapidly than population, while engaged in gainful avocations. in but twelve was the reverse the case. whose labor is of any value. forms of the total number employed: P ercentage of T otal O ccupations . number of bread-winners relative to the popu In the northeastern portion of the country lation; also, in the South Atlantic group, with is found a second area, where for very similar the exception of Virginia, and in the Southern reasons the proportion of male workers is high. Central group, with the exception of Mississippi This comprises the manufacturing states of and Tennessee. New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island three states are doubtless due to the fact that S T A T E S A N D T E R R IT O R IE S . and Connecticut. The high proportion in this Manufacturing, Mechanical and Mining Pursuits. has taken place, in every state, a gain in the which the number in each class of occupations In the North Atlantic group of states there fields, not only of adults, but of all children The following table shows the percentage Agriculture. to the almost universal employment in the In all the other sections agriculture is Trade and Transportation. This is owing territories bread-winners expense of agriculture, while personal and Professional and Personal Services. Arkansas, with the sole exception of Florida, N o r t h A t l a n t i c G ro u p . fewer children labor in the fields than ten years 36 N e w H a m p s h i r e .................................................. 3i 20 20 V e r m o n t .................................................................. 46 24 M a s s a c h u s e t t s ....................................................... 9 24 l R h o d e I s l a n d ....................................................... 9 21 13 57 C o n n e c t i c u t ............................................................ The relative losses in these M a i n e .......................................................................... 18 21 *3 48. N e w Y o r k ................................................................ 13 31 8 41 8 6 '5 1 22 ago, owing to an improvement in material dren in manufacturing establishments. conditions. In the Northern Central group, a relative paratively little labor is carried on by males decrease occurred only in Ohio, Nebraska and Kansas. In Ohio the decrease is due to the cause given below the average of the country. above, while in the cases of Nebraska and Kansas, this decrease is pro D istrib u tio n o f F em ale B re a d -W in n e rs. — The proportion of females duced by the influx of families, in the place of the solitary ranchman, thus increasing the engaged in gainful occupations differs much population, while more widely in the different states than that proportion relatively diminishing the of bread-winners. To the last mentioned cause, also, is to be attributed the of males. As in the case of the latter, the highest proportion is found in the cotton states, where decreased proportion in Montana, Wyoming, Arizona, Nevada, Idaho and Washington. In women, especially of the colored race, work several of these territories the decrease has veiy generally in the fields. been In South Caro lina 35 per cent, of all females over ten years 18 33 is 28 40 P e n n s y l v a n i a .......................................................... 21 31 17 12 D e l a w a r e .................................................................. 33 32 9 26 M a r y l a n d .................................................................. 28 26 2 31 60 15 D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b i a . .................................... 3° 5 6 23 51 W e s t V i r g i n i a ....................................................... 61 18 6 N o r t h C a r o l i n a .................................................... 75 14 15 8 S o u t h C a r o l i n a .................................................... 75 l G e o r g i a ..................................................................... 72 18 3 4 4 F l o r i d a .................................................................... .. 64 20 7 9 A l a b a m a .................................................................. 77 l 6 3 4 M i s s i s s i p p i ............................................................... 82 12 L o u i s i a n a .................................................................. 57 27 3 8 3 8 T e x a s ....................................................... .. 69 19 A r k a n s a s .................................................................. 83 9 7 4 T e n n e s s e e ........... .. ................................................. 66 K e n t u c k y . ................................................. ......... 62 21 20 5 6 5 4 8 12 O h i o ............................................................................ 40 25 IO 25 9 17 I l l i n o i s ............................ ........................................... 52 44 22 23 13 20 relatively very great. Increasing the number of bread-winners in 1870 by the ratio I n d i a n a ..................................................................... M i c h i g a n .................................................................. 42 25 IO 23 47 23 9 21 M i n n e s o t a .................................... .. ........................ 53 57 23 IO 15 20 IO 5i 21 12 13 l6 64 17 8 II 19 IO 24 II 12 l6 and Louisiana, 29 per cent., and in Alabama 1880, the K a n s a s ....................................................................... as follows: In W yom ing each 10,000 in 1870 was reduced These proportions are surprising, when con to 5,866 in 1880; in Idaho to 6,586, and in 5 6 W i s c o n s i n ................................................................ of increase in population between 1870 and stand 6 13 N o rth e rn C e n t r a l G ro u p . of age are workers, in Georgia, Mississippi two will i S o u t h e r n C e n t r a l G ro u p . I o w a ............................................................................ 28 per cent. 36 S o u t h A t l a n t i c G ro u p . In the Northern Central section, where com under age, the proportion of workers is slightly 29 V i r g i n i a ..................................................................... area is produced by the employment of chil 20 J e r s e y .............. .............................................. N ew M i s s o u r i .......................................................... .. N e b r a s k a .................................................................. D a k o t a ....................................................................... 59 49 W e s t e r n G roup. M o n t a n a ............................................................... trasted with those in the manufacturing states 21 31 12 36 W y o m i n g .............................................................. Nevada to 8,176. 19 45 17 13 25 15 *9 47 N e w M e x i c o ...................................................... 35 47 8 IO 5 37 15 33 highest percentage Other W estern states and territories, to C o l o r a d o .............................................................. found in any state in this section, namely, in which emigration was very rapid during the A r i z o n a ,.................................................................. i U t a h ........................................................................ 36 28 IO 26 N e v a d a .................................................................. 13 32 14 4i I d a h o . .................................................................... 8 42 of New England. The Rhode Island, where manufactures employing decade, show the opposite result. women are relatively most numerous, is but 26, orado, with great accessions of population, while in Massachusetts it is 23, and in Con Thus Col gained heavily in bread-winners, the propor tional figures being as 10,000 is to 11,815. necticut 19 per cent. 25 25 W a s h i n g t o n ......................................................... 43 22 O r e g o n ................................................................... 40 25 9 26 C a l i f o r n i a ........................................................... 21 32 *5 32 II 24 In the Northern Central group of states, The explanation of this, as of the like cases where the principal gainful occupations are of Utah, Dakota and Oregon, is that immigra more fully shown in the maps and diagrams those relating to agriculture, the work is done tion consisted very largely of males. upon Plates 64-67. almost entirely by men, the proportion of notably the case in Colorado, where the large women ranging from 6 to 10 per cent. only. influx of male population was due to mining A g ricu ltu re . — The developments at Leadville and other points. relating Throughout the W estern group of states the This was This distribution of occupations is still to first of these, Plate 64, agricultural occupations, shows that, in proportion to the total number of per the proportion is low, a condition due jointly sons ten years of age and over, the number munity, and to the fact that avocations suitable T h e F o u r P r in c ip a l Classes, b y States. — There is a great preponderance in for the female sex are not extensively followed, the North Atlantic group (Maine excepted) of in the cotton states, nine of which stand the main industries being mining persons employed together at the head of the list. to the small proportion of women in the com and the in manufactures, and in employed in this class of occupation is highest N ext to SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLA S. lxviii Central group, mingled with the remaining M an u factu res, M e c h a n ic s a n d M in in g. — In the fourth class, that of manu in percentages of the total number of each states of the South Atlantic and Southern factures, mechanics and mining, Rhode Island nationality: Central groups. stands the number N A T IO N A L IT Y . interspersed with the principal mining states show and territories, and the cotton states are last. In absolute numbers, New York, as in all the IO 19 14 43 14 29 G e r m a n y ................................................. .................. 28 21 15 36 G r e a t B r it a i n ............................................................ 22 17 12 49 S c a n d i n a v i a .............................................................. 45 26 8 21 B r it is h 21 26 9 44 New Hampshire, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, group, with the mining states and territories, 22 following it, come Massachusetts, Connecticut, manufacturing states of the North Atlantic 49 of inhabitants above ten years of age, while grain states of the Mississippi Valley, while the U n i t e d S t a t e s .................. ....................................... I r e l a n d ........................................................................ Near the middle of the list are the great Manufacturing, etc. to Trade and Transportation. proportion Personal and Professional Services. first in four principal classes of occupations, expressed Agriculture. them, follow the border states of the Northern the smallest proportion of persons engaged in agriculture. It is probable that the number of this class other classes except agriculture, is in the lead, A m e r i c a ..................................................... is somewhat understated, owing to the fact while the other Northern states follow, the that in many sections agricultural laborers larger proportion of this class in the manu It appears that of the natives, very nearly have been returned by the enumerators simply facturing states being offset by the greater one-half are engaged in agricultural pursuits, as “ laborers,” in consequence of which they population in the Mississippi Valley. nearly one-fourth in personal and professional services, one-tenth in trade and transportation, have been thrown into the class of “ personal and professional services,” which has thus been O ccu p atio n s in C itie s —The unduly swollen. on Plate 63 shows that the ratio of the total comparison of the native and the foreign ele number engaged in gainful ments presents the following results: First, in diagram occupations to and nearly one-fifth in manufactures, etc. A P e rso n a l an d P rofession al Ser vices. — In proportion to the number of the total population, in fifty principal cities, no is far above the average of the whole country. agriculturists so high as inhabitants ten years of age and upward, the The lowest ratio here presented, that of A lle population, the only one approaching it being District of Columbia, which ranks lowest in gheny City, Pa., is 32.99 per cent., and the the Scandinavian. agricultural pursuits, leads all the states and highest, that of Lowell, Mass., is 50.08, the of natives engaged in manufactures is smaller territories, in the numbers engaged in pro average for these cities being but little, if any, than of any other nationality. The Irish appear fessional and personal services. below 40 per cent., while the average of the to be exceptionally averse to agricultural pur almost unbroken line, are the states and terri country at large is but 34.68 per cent. suits, while they appear, as tories of the W estern group, with the exception due not only to the larger percentage of largely in the class of personal and professional of Oregon, Washington and Utah, which have working males found, as a rule, in cities, but to services. large agricultural interests. About the middle the fact that it is in cities that women and extensively in the class of manufactures, and of the list are the North Atlantic states, inter children find most of the avocations which are to a considerable degree in farming. spersed with those of the Northern Central suited to them. natives of Great Britain, nearly one-half are Following in This is other nationality is the proportion of among the native Secondly, the proportion The Germans are laborers, most engaged most O f the engaged in manufactures; the Scandinavians group, while, as a rule, the Southern states are distributed not very differently from our numbers of those engaged in personal and R elatio n s o f N a tiv ity to O ccu p a t i o n s . — The following table exhibits the professional services, the most populous states nativity of those engaged in gainful occupa which name may be held as being practically of course stand first, and the states stand tions, both the total number of each nationality, synonymous with throughout, nearly in the order of their popu and the percentage which each bears to the principally employed in manufactures. lation. total number of bread-winners; show the smallest proportions. In absolute T ra d e an d T ran sp o rtatio n .—The third class, that of trade and transportation, has its greatest development, in proportion to the population over ten years of age, in the most sparsely settled states and territories of the W est and the North Atlantic states. Next in importance are the Northern Central states, This means of public conveyance, bring up the rear. “ French Canadians,” are distribution of occupations among the foreign element is coincident with, and N u m be r . P ercentage of T o tal . I 3 >8 9 7 ,4 5 2 N A T IO N A L IT Y . 7 9 .9 1 element toward cities, indicated in the con cluding remarks on the foreign element, in the mutually explanatory of, the movement of this 9 7 8 ,8 5 4 5-6 3 1 ,0 3 3 ,1 9 0 5 -9 4 4 6 6 ,5 0 5 2 .6 8 chapter on Population (pages 50-51). in general, from the densely populated coun 2 0 5 ,5 9 5 1 .1 8 3 5 1 ,1 0 3 2.02 4 5 9 ,4 7 ° 2 .6 4 100.00 while the Southern states, which are largely self-supporting, and have comparatively slight native population; and the British Americans, The following table shows the proportions of the different nationalities engaged in the Coming, tries of the old world, immigrants naturally make the nearest approach possible to their former surroundings, and continue to follow that class of occupations to which they have been most accustomed. O C GUPATIO U T S N P l a t e 62 TOTAL PERSONS OCCUPIED. (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) Ratio of Total Persons Engaged in Useful Occupations, to Total Persons Ten Years of A ge and Over, by States. R ank State Total Number Engaged in Useful Occupations,by States. SCALE: R ank State 47 40 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 N um ber 50,000 Persons. Wyo. . Ida. .. Mont. . Ariz. . Wash.Nev... Utah.. N.iltx Del. .. Dak. . D.C. .. Oreg.. Fla. .. Colo. . 8,884 15,578 22,255 22,271 30,122 32,233 40.055 40,822 54.580 57,844 66,624 67,343 91,536 101,251 R .l— 116,979 Vt. ... 118,584 N.IL-. 142,468 Nebr.. 152,614 W. Va. , 176,199 Me.... 231,993 Conn.. 241,333 Minn.. 255,125 Ark... 260,692 Kans.. 322,285 Md.. . 324,432 363,228 La. ... 376,505 Cal. .. s .c .. . 392,102 N.J. .. 396,879 Miss. . 415,500 417,455 W is... Tenn.. 447,970 N.C. — 480,187 [Ala. .. 492,790 V a.... 494,240 K y .... 619,854 Tex... 522,133 528,302 Iowa . 569,204 Mich.. 597,802 Ga.... Ind. .. 635,080 Mo.... 692,959 Mass.. 720,774 Dhio . 994,475 999,780 i n _____ Pa. ... 1,450,067 N.Y... 1,884,645 100,000 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 i W.Va. Utah.. [Ohio.. Tenn.Wis... Ind. .. Ill...... Mo.... Me.... K y.... Iow a. v t .... Pa. ... Minn.. Kans.. N .J... Mich.. N.Mex Md.... V a.... N.Y... Nebr.. Conn.. D.C... Ark... Tex... Del. .. Fla. .. N.II.— N.C... Mass.. Oreg.. R.l— Wyo... Wash.Miss. . Cal. .. La. ... G a.... Ala. .. Dak... S.C. .. Ida. .. Nev.. . Colo. . Ariz. . Mont. . Per C ent SCALE: 41.11 41.21 41.40 42.18 43.23 43.26 44.06 44.49 44.64 44.08 44.71 44.91 45.46 45.56 45.76 45.85 46.03 46.41 46.66 46.67 47.33 47.95 48.53 48.66 49.01 49.06 49.24 49.57 49.78 50.02 50.33 51.58 53.06 53.91 54.C6 55.13 65.88 55.96 57.28 57.85 57.93 58.75 62.30 63.62 63.99 67.65 69.57 N.Y. TOTAL MALES OCCUPIED. (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) Ratio of Males Engaged in Useful Occupations, to Total Males Ten Years of A ge and Over, by States. R k an Total Males Engaged in Useful Occupations,b y States, s c a R ank State N ber um 8,420 47 Wyo... 46 Ida. .. 15,287 45 Mont. . 21,748 44 Ariz. . 21,800 43 Wash.29,059 42 Nev... 30,730 41 Utah.. 37,168 38,560 40 N.Mex 39 Del. _. 46,652 46,966 38 D.C... 54,993 37 Dak... 64,564 36 Oreg.. 35 Fla. .. 73,752 87,120 34 R.l— 33 Colo. . 32 Vt. ... 31 N.H... 112,340 30 Nebr.. 142,159 29 W.Va. 164,691 28 Conn.- 192,663 27 Me.... 198,465 26 Minn.. 230,048 25 Ark... 230,076 24 Md. .. 265,632 23 L a.__ 268,176 22 S.C. .. 272,015 21 Kans.. 302,934 20 Miss. . 305,089 19 N .J... 330,103 18 Cal.... 348,303 17 Ala. .. 368,734 16 [Wis... 371,062 15 Tenn.. 391,562 14 N.C. .. 393,211 13 V a .... 411,043 12 iGa.... 445,530 11 Tex... 463,190 10 K y.... 465,432 9 Iowa.- 483,457 8 Mich.. 514,191 7 Mass.. 546,591 6 Ind. .. 583,658 5 Mo.... 630,016 4- Ohio.. 881,836 3 in...... 893,679 2 P a .... 1,239,084 i N.Y... 1,524,264 le : 50,000 Males. 100,000 S ta te Wyo. . Ohio.. Utah.. Wis... D.C... Tenn.. Minn.. W. Va. m___ Me.... Mo.... N .J... Iowa. v t . ... Ind. .. Md.... Pa. ... Mich.. Kans.. N.Y... Nebr. Fla. .. K y.... Conn.V a.... Oreg.. N.Mex Mass.. N.H... Wash.Miss. . Tex... Cal. .. Ark... R.l— La.. .. Del. .. S.C. .. 9 N.C... 8 Nev... 7 Ida. .. 6 Dak... 5 Colo. . 4 Ga.... 3 Mont. . 2 Ala. .. i Ariz. . 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 87 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18' 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 Per C ent 70.46 72.91 73.48 73.71 74.04 74.65 74.83 75.67 75.86 76.75 77.12 77.41 77.50 77.57 77.57 77.76 77.88 78.01 78.05 78.17 78.53 78.90 79.37 79.48 79.60 79.68 79.89 80.17 80.35 80.53 81.24 81.41 81.93 82.71 82.98 83.28 83.30 83.8G 84.51 84.86 85.35 85.47 86.99 87.39 88.56 89.05 89.83 350,000 400,000 450,000 Ala. ..17 Ky__ lOiN.C. - .14 Ariz.. 44 La. ...28 Ohio:. 4 A rk...25 Me--- 27 Oreg. .36 Cal. ..18 Md__ 24 Pa. ... 2 Colo. .33 Mass.. 7lR.L-.-34 Conn. .28 Mich.. 8,S.C. ..22 Dak...37 Minn. .26 Term. .15 Del. .-39 Miss. .20 Tex... 11 D.C.. Mo--- 5 Utah.. 41 Fla. ..35 Mont. .45 Vt. ...32 Ga. ...12 Nebr..30 Va----13 Ida. ..46 Nev.,.42 Wash.-43 111...... 3 N.H...31 W.Va. 29 Ind. .. 6 N.J. ..19 Wis. ..16 Iowa. 9 N.Mex 40 Wyo. .47 Kans..21 N.Y... 1 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 000,000 1 . 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 Ind. “ ft COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. OOOT I * TIO I *S XF N P l a t e 63 Ratio of Females Engaged in Useful Occupations, to Total Females TOTAL FEMALES OCCUPIED. (Based o d the Returns of the Tenth Census.) KEY Under 7#______ 7# and under 10#. 10# .• Total Females Engaged in Useful Occupations, by States. R ank State 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 8 2 1 Ida. .. Wyo. . Ariz. . Mont. . Wash.Nev... N.Mex Oreg.. Dak... Utah. . Colo. . Del. .. Nebr.. W.Va. v t ___ Fla. .. Kans.. D.C... Minn.. Cal. R.I— N.H... Ark... Me.... Iowa. Wis... Conn.Ind. .. K y.... Mich.. Tenn.. Md.... Tex... Mo.... N.J. .. V a.... N.C... La. ... Ill___ Miss. . Ohio.. S.C.. . Ala. .. G a .... Mass.. Pa---N.Y... N ber um 291 464 471 507 1,063 1,503 2,262 2,779 2,851 2,887 4.779 7,928 10,455 11,508 16,167 17,784 19,351 19,658 25,077 28,202 29,859 30,128 30,616 33,528 44,845 46,393 48,670 51,422 54,422 55,013 56,408 58,800 58,943 62,943 66,776 83,197 86,976 95,052 106,101 110,417 112,639 120,087 124,056 152,332 u ----- * « IN D E X . Ala. . 5 Mo... .14 Ariz. .45 Mont. .44 Ark.. .25 Nebr. .35 Cal. . .28 Nev.. .42 Colo. .37 N.H.. .20 Conn.-21 N.J. . .13 Dak.. .39 N.Mex 41 Del. . .36 N.Y.. 1 D.C.. .30 N.C.. .11 Fla. ..32 Ohio. 7 G a... 4 Oreg 40 Ida. . .47 Pa. .. 2 III.... 9 R.I... -27 Ind. . .20 s.c.. 6 Iowa .23 iTenn. .17 Kans. .31 Tex.. 15 Ky... 19 Utah. .38 L a... .10 v t . .. .33 Me... .24 V a... .12 Md. ..16 Wash .43 Mass. . 3 W.Va.34 Mich. .18 Wis.. 22 Minn -29 Wyo.. .46 Miss. . 8 400,000 Ratio of Females Engaged in Useful Occupations, to Total Females Ten Years of Age and Over, by States. — «%in d e x . Rank 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 a5 34 88 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 210,983 360,381 1 Per Cent State Ida. .. Wash.Ariz. . W.Va. Oreg.. N.Mex Kans.. Utah.. Mont.. Ind. .. Nebr.. Dak... Iow a. Mo.... K y .... Ohio.. Mich.. Ill...... Minn.. Wis... Colo. . Wyo. . Nev... Tenn.Cal. .. Tex... Ark... v t . ... Me.... Pa. ... Del. .. N.J. .. V a .... Md.... N.C... N.Y... Conn.Fla. .. N.IL-Mass.. R.I.... D.C. . Ala. .. Ga_ _ La. ... Miss. . S.C. .. 4.10 5.41 5.44 5.46 5.63 5.70 ■ SCA LE: 6.12 6.19 6.82 7.18 7.62 8.03 8.04 8.50 9.43 9.47 9.52 9.72 9.93 10.01 10.10 10.25 10.40 10.49 11.02 11.90 12.07 12.25 12.84 13.46 14.45 15.20 15.33 16.62 17.58 17.74 19.09 19.51 20.58 23.21 25.86 2C.71 28.34 28.52 29.06 29.21 35.00 10* .. 12# 28# and over.. Ala. . . 5 Mo... .34 Ariz. .45 Mont .39 Ark.. .21 Nebr. .37 Cal. ..23 Nev. .25 Colo. .27 N.H.. . 9 Conn -11 N.J. . .16 Dak...36 N.Mex 42 Del. . -17 N.Y.. .12 D.U.. . 6 N.C.. .13 Fla. ..1C Ohio. .83 G a... . 4 Oreg. .43 Ida. ..47 Pa... .18 III.... 3 R.1... . 7 (1 Ind. . .38 s . c .. 1 Iowa .#5 Tenn -24 Kans -41 Tex.. .22 Ky... .33 Utah. .40 La.. . 3 V t... .20 Me... .19 Va... .15 Md. . .14 Wash -46 M a s s. 8 W.Va 44 Mich. .31 Wis.. -28 Minn. -29 Wyo.. .26 Miss. 2 40* INCREASE IN OCCUPATIONS. FIFTY PRINCIPAL CITIES. (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) Ratio of all Persons Engaged in Useful Occupations, to Total Population,in Fifty Principal Cities. City * -----« sriN D E X . Ratio of Increase in Total Number Engaged in Useful Occupations, Compared with Increase in Population, by States, 1870-1880. R ank State 47 Vt. ... 46 Me.... 45 Ohio.. 44 N.H... 43 Va.... 42 Nev... 41 Tenn.40 Mass.. 39 Conn.38 K y.... 37 Md. .. 36 N.Y... 35 Miss. . 34 IL I.-33 Wyo. . 32 N .J... 31 G a.... 30 Ill...... 29 Ala. — 28 Del. 27 D.C... 26 N.C... 25 Mo.... 24 Ind. .. 23 N.Mex 22 Mich . 21 L a.... 20 Wis... 19 F a.... 18 Ida. .. 17 S.C. .. 16 Fla. .. 15 W.Va. 14 Iowa. 13 Cal. .. 12 Mont.. 11 Utah.. 10 Ark... 9 Minn. 8 Oreg.. 7 Tex... n Kans.. 5 Wash.4 Nebr.. 8 Ariz. . 2 Colo.. i Dak... ccupa. Pop. O ------; ■ ■ ■ .5 9.03 3.5 11.41 19.9 18.26 9.0 18.56 23.4 19.77 46.5 19.78 22.5 21.74 22.3, 24.30 15.8 24.77 24.8 25.39 19.7 25.48 15.9 26.40 36.6 30.31 27.2 32.07 127.9 33.69 24.8 34.06 30.2 34.45 21.1 34.74 26.6 34.92 17.2 35.39 34.8 35.85 30.6 36.69 25.9 37.07 17.7 38.25 30.1 39.03 38.2 40.83 29.3 41.64 24.7 42.57 21.6 42.68 117.4 43.19 41.0 48.92 43.5 50.79 39.9 52.91 36.0 53.45 54.3 57.77 90.1 58.42 65.8 86.16 65.6 91.76 77.5 92 32 92.2 119.71 94.4 120.19 173.2 160.22 213.5 208.63 267.2 248.14 318.7 269.34 387.4 475.85 853.2 882.57 Ala.. .29 Mo... .25 Ariz. 3 Mont. 12 Ark.. .10 Nebr. 4 Cal. -.13 Nev.. .42 Colo. 2 N.H.. .44 Conn -39 N.J. . .32 Dak.. VN.Mex 23 Del. . .28 N.Y.. .36 D.C.. .27 N.C.. .20 Fla. . .16 Ohio. .45 G a... .31 Oreg. 8 Ida. ..18 Pa. .. .19 111.... .30 K.i... .34 Ind. . .24 S.C. . .17 Iowa .14 Tenn. -41 Kans - 6 Tex.. 7 Ky... .38 Utah. .11 La.. ..21 V t... .47 Me... .46 Va, . .43 Md. . 37 Wash - 5 Mass. •10 W.Va.15 Mich. .22 Wis.. 20 Minn. . 9 Wyo. .33 Miss. .35 8 . 6 5 4 3 2 1 Allegheny.. Pittsburgh. Detroit....... Jersey City_ _ Buffalo.......... Toledo........... Milwaukee. . . Albany.......... Cleveland.... Newark......... Reading........ Camden........ New Orleans. Columbus___ Louisville___ Dayton.......... Scranton....... . Brooklyn......... Indianapolis. Cambridge.. Chicago........ Rochester....... New H aven... Richmond....... Nashville........ Worcester...... Washington... Baltimore....... Cincinnati....... Syracuse......... St. Louis......... Charleston___ Hartford......... Boston............ Philadelphia- . Troy........... Providence_ _ New York...... St. Paul.......... Lynn............... Denver........... Paterson......... San Francisco. Kansas City... iWilmington. .. Minneapolis... Atlanta........... Fall River...... Lawrence....... Lowell--------- IN D E X . Albany...............43 Lynn.................. 11 Allegheny.......... 50 Milwaukee.........44 Atlanta— ....... 4 Minneapolis...... 5 Baltimore.......... 23 Nashville.......— 26 Boston..............17 Newark............. 41 Brooklyn........... 33 New Haven...... 28 Buffalo...............46 New Orleans— 38 Cambridge.........31 New York......... 13 _ Camden............. 39 Paterson_ — 9 Charleston....... .19 Philadelphia...... 16 Chicago............. 30 Pittsburgh.........49 Cincinnati......... 22 Providence....... 14 50* Columbus.......... 37 Richmond......... 27 Dayton..............35 Rochester..........29 St. Paul............. 12 Fall River........ . 3 San Francisco... 8 Hartford............18 Scranton............34 Indianapolis...... 32 Syracuse......... . 21 Jersey City........ 47 Toledo............... 45 Kansas City.......7 Troy..................15 Lawrence.......... 2 Washington....... 24 Louisville.......... 36 Wilmington....... 6 Lowell............... 1 Worcester......... 25 800\* COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. , , , 850* I OCCTJPATIOKS P late 6 4 AGRICULTURE. (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) Ratio of Persons Engaged in Agriculture,to Total Persons Ten Years of A ge and Over, by States, 1880. R an k S ta te 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 D.C... Mass.. R.I.— N.J. .. Nev... Colo.. Conn.P a.... N.Y... Wyo. . Ariz. . Cal. .. Md.... Mont. . Utah... Ida. .. :w 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 N . H . . . 30 Me.... 2 9 N.Mex 2 8 Del. .. 2 7 Ohio.. 26 I l l ............. 25 Mich.. 2 4 Wis... 23 Oreg.. 22 Vt. ... 2 1 Ind.. . 2 0 Mo.... 1 9 Wash.18 Minn.. 17 V a.... 16 W. Va. 1 5 Iowa. 14 K v . — 13 Tenn.. 12 Nebr. 11 Dak... 10 Kans.. 9 La.. .. 8 Fla. .. 7 Tex... 6 N.C... 5 Ark... 4 Ga.... 3 S.C. .. 2 Ala. .. 1 Miss. . SC A L E P er C en t 01.07 04.54 04.96 06.84 08.25 08.56 08.85 09.40 00.48 09.95 10.43 Under 5#........... .... 6# and under 10#— 10# 1 1 .6 6 13.08 14.11 14.97 15.43 15.55 15.80 16.07 16.10 16.57 19.23 19.43 20.29 20.75 20.92 22.56 22.81 22.94 23.48 23.99 25.10 25.69 27.55 27.69 28.44 28.55 29.26 31.63 31.81 33.76 37.60 40.73 41.41 44.14 44.69 45.10 i5# ” F e m a le s S ta te 4 7 D.C... Wyo... 46 4 5 Ariz. . 4 4 Ida. .. 4 3 Nev... 4 2 Mont.. 4 1 R.I.... Wqsh.40 3 9 Coio. 3 8 N.Mex 3 7 Utah.. 3 6 Dei. .. 3 5 Oreg.. 3 4 Dak.... 3 3 Conn.. 3 2 N.H... 3 1 Vt. ... 3 0 Fla. .. 2 9 N.J. .. 2 8 Mass.. 2 7 Cal. .. 2 6 Me.... 2 5 Nebr.. 2 4 Md.... 2 3 W. Va. 2 2 Minn.. 2 1 Wis... 2 0 La. ... 1 9 Kans.. 1 8 Ark... 1 7 Mich.. 1 6 V a.... 1 5 Tenn.. 1 4 S.C. .. 1 3 P a .... 1 2 Iowa. 11 K y.... 1 0 Ind. .. 9 Miss. . 8 Mo.... 7 Tex... 6 N.C... 5 N.Y... 4 Ala. .. 3 Ohio.. 2 Ga.... 1 I lL ^ M a le s T o ta l 1 ,4 4 5 1 ,6 3 5 3 ,4 2 3 3 ,8 4 7 4 ,1 4 6 4 ,5 0 4 1 0 ,9 1 0 1 2 ,7 0 9 1 3 ,4 6 2 1 4 ,0 2 5 1 4 ,4 7 0 1 7 ,6 0 9 2 7 ,0 0 0 2 8 ,3 6 8 4 3 .9 3 6 4 4 ,2 9 9 5 5 ,0 3 7 4 7 ,4 6 5 5 8 ,9 1 9 6 4 ,7 4 6 7 8 ,7 8 5 : 8 1 ,8 8 7 ' 8 9 ,8 8 1 8 9 ,1 7 6 1 0 6 ,9 8 0 1 3 0 ,8 1 7 1 9 4 ,3 8 0 1 4 7 ,5 3 8 2 0 5 ,2 3 4 ! 1 9 5 ,0 0 2 2 3 9 ,3 4 6 | 2 3 8 ,9 5 1 2 7 5 ,6 2 0 1 2 0 8 ,6 7 2 2 9 9 ,8 0 9 3 0 2 ,1 7 1 3 1 5 ,4 4 5 3 2 9 ,6 1 4 2 5 2 ,3 2 4 3 5 1 ,6 8 1 3 3 0 ,1 2 5 3 1 4 ,2 2 8 3 7 5 ,2 1 3 2 9 1 ,4 7 7 3 9 6 ,1 2 0 3 2 9 ,8 5 6 4 3 3 ,7 9 6 1 ,4 6 4 1 ,6 3 9 3 ,4 3 5 3 ,8 5 8 4 ,1 8 0 4 ,5 1 3 1 0 ,9 4 5 1 2 ,7 8 1 1 3 ,5 3 9 1 4 ,1 3 9 1 4 ,5 5 0 1 7 ,8 4 9 2 7 ,0 9 1 2 8 ,5 0 8 4 4 ,0 2 6 4 4 ,4 9 0 5 5 ,2 5 1 5 8 .7 3 1 5 9 ,2 1 4 6 4 ,9 7 3 7 9 ,3 9 6 8 2 ,1 3 0 9 0 ,5 0 7 9 0 ,9 2 7 1 0 7 ,5 7 8 1 3 1 ,5 3 5 1 9 5 ,9 0 1 2 0 5 ,3 0 6 2 0 6 ,0 8 0 2 1 6 ,6 5 5 2 4 0 ,3 1 9 2 5 4 ,0 9 9 2 9 4 ,1 5 3 2 9 4 ,6 0 2 3 0 1 ,1 1 2 3 0 3 ,5 5 7 3 2 0 ,5 7 1 3 3 1 ,2 4 0 3 3 9 ,9 3 8 3 5 5 ,2 9 7 3 5 9 ,3 1 7 3 6 0 ,9 3 7 3 7 7 ,4 6 0 3 8 0 ,6 3 0 3 9 7 ,4 9 5 4 3 2 ,2 0 4 4 3 6 ,3 7 1 ,_ _ rn 19 4 12 11 34 9 35 72 77 114 80 240 91 140 90 191 214 1 1 ,2 6 6 395 227 611 243 626 1 ,7 5 1 598 718 1 ,5 2 1 5 7 ,7 6 8 846 2 1 ,6 5 3 973 1 5 ,1 4 8 1 8 ,5 3 3 8 5 ,9 3 0 1 ,3 0 3 1 ,3 8 6 5 ,1 2 6 1 ,6 2 6 8 7 ,6 1 4 3 ,6 1 6 2 9 ,1 9 2 4 6 ,7 0 9 2 ,2 4 7 8 9 ,1 5 3 1 ,3 7 5 1 0 2 ,3 4 8 2 .5 7 5 Mo.. 8 Mont. .42 Ark... 18 .Nebr. .25 Cal.. .27 Nev.. .43 Colo. .39 N.H.. .32 Conn.. 33 N.J. ..29 Dak... 34 N.Mex 88 Del. ..36 N.Y.. 5 D.C..A7 N.C.. 6 Fla. ..30 Ohio. 3 Ga__ 2 Oreg. .35 Ida. ..44!Pa... .13 IU___ 1 R. Ind. ..10 S. C. ..14 Iowa .12 Tenn..l5 Kans..l9 Tex... 7 Ky— 11 Utah.. 37 La. ...20 Vt... .31 Va. ...16 Me... Wash.-A0 Md.. Mass. .28 W. Va.23 Mich.. 17 Wis. ..21 Minn._22 Wyo...43 Miss. . IN D E X . Total Number Engaged in Agriculture, by Classes, 1880. Agriculture, not specified......................... Apiarists..................... .............................. Farm and plantation overseers................. Stock-drovers............................................. Florists...................................................... Turpentine farmers and laborers.............. Dairymen and dairywomen....................... Stock-raisers........................................ ...... Stock-herders............................................. Gardeners, nurserymen and vine growers.. Agricultural laborers................................. . Farmers and planters.................................. COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. 20#.... .. 30# _ 30# and over.------- 10,000 Persons. Agricultural laborers........................... 2 Apiarists.............................................. 11 Dairymen and dairy women................ 6 Farm overseers................................... 10 Farmers.............................................. 1 Florists............................................... 8 Gardeners........................................... 3 Nurserymen...................... 3 Plantation overseers........................... 10 Planters.............................................. 1 Stock-drovers........................ 9 Stock-herders..................................... 4 Stock-raisers....................................... 5 Turpentine farmers and laborers...... 7 Vine growers...................................... 3 .» 25%__ 25# m SCA LE: 00,000 ” 20# .» IN D E X . Ala. - a Mo.. .20 Ariz. .37 Mont. .34 Ark.. 5 Nebr. .12 Cal.. 36 Nev.. 43 Colo. .42 N.H.. .31 Conn. .41 N.J. . .44 Dak.. .11 N.Mex 29 Del. . .28 N.Y.. .39 D.C.. .47 N.C. . 6 Fla.. 8 Ohio. .27 Ga... 4Dreg. .23 Ida. ..32 P a... .40 111.... .26 IU ... .45 Ind. . .21 S.C. . . 3 Iowa .15 Tenn. .13 Kans. .1C Tex... 7 K y... .14 Utah. .33 La. .. . « Vt. .. .22 Me... .3C V a... .17 Md... .35 Wash -19 Mass .46 W.Va.10 Mich. 25 Wis.. .24 Minn .« Wyo. .38 Miss. . 1 Total Number Engaged in Agriculture, by States,1880. R ank 15% —. '> I .. .41 O C O TX IP ^ T I o 3sr s P late 6 5 pRatio of Persons Engaged in Professional and Personal Services,to Total Persons, PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL SERVICES. (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) Ratio of Persons Engaged in Professional and Personal Services, to Total Persons Ten Years of A ge and Over, by States, 1880. Rank State 47 A rk... 46 Miss. . 45 N.C... 44 W. Ya. 43 Kans.. 42 Ala. .. 41 Iowa.40 Tenn.. 39 K y .... 88 Nebr.. 37 Me.... 36 Tex... 35 Ind. .. 34 Mo__ 33 S.C. .. 32 Fla. .. 31 N.II... 30 Ga---29 Wis. 28 Ill___ 27 Conn.26 Ohio.. 25 Minn.. 24 Vt. ... 23 R.I— 22 Utah.. 21 Mich.. 20 Mass.. 19 Wash.18 Oreg,. 17 N .J... lfi N.Y... 15 V a .... 14 Pa.. .. 13 Dak... 12 Md. .. 11 La. ... 10 Ida. .. ’olo. . 9 C 8 Del. .. 7 Cal— 6 Nev... 5 N.Mex 4 Mont. . 3 !Wyo... 2 1Ariz. . 1 ID.C... Per Cent 04.41 06.56 07.22 07.39 07.60 08.48 08.80 08.86 08.96 09.03 09.12 09.17 09.35 09.54 09.62 09.71 09.86 09.99 10.10 10.11 10.31 10.43 10.62 10.67 11.18 11.47 11.58 11.88 11.92 12.75 12.79 13.51 13.85 13.95 14.04 14.23 15.12 15.48 15.68 15.89 17.83 20.47 21.65 21.74 24.34 24.94 29.13 A la .. .42]Mo... .34 Ariz. 2 Mont. . 4 Ark.. .47 Nebr. .38 Cal. . 7 Nev.. 6 Colo. 9 N.H.. .31 Conn. .27 N.J. . .17 Dak.. .13 N.Mex 5 Del. .. a N.Y.. .16 D.C.. 1 N.C.. .45 Fla. -.32 Ohio. .26 Ga... .30 Oreg. .18 Ida. ..in Pa. .. .14 111.... .28 R.I... .23 Ind. . .35 S.C. . .33 Iowa .41 Tenn. .40 Kans. .43 Tex.. 36 Ky... .39 Utah. .22 L a... .11 Vt. .. .24 Me... .37 Va... .15 Md... .12 Wash -19 Mass. .20 W. Va .44 Mich. .21 Wis...29 Minn. .25 Wyo. 3 Miss. .46 Total Number Engaged in Professional and Personal Services, by States, 1880. Females Rank 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 i State Ida. .. Wyo. . IVash.Mont. . Ariz. . Nev... Utah.. Dak... Oreg.. Del. .. Fla. .. N.Mex Ark... R.I---Colo. . V t. ... N.II... Nebr.. W. Va. D.C... Me.... Miss. . Conn.. Kans.. Minn.. S.C.. . N.C... Ala. .. Tenn.. W is... Tex... La. ... Md. . . Iowa . K y .... Ga.... N.J. .. Cal. .. Ind. .. Mich.. V a.... M o..Mass.. in .. . . Ohio . Pa.... N.Y... 1 M ale, - - - 1— i 210 36L 811 415 340 1,091 1,873 2,361 1,957 5,561 5,825 1,801 8,182 9,160 3,580 12,152 12,048 7,980 9,319 16,311 15,807 20,885 20,649 15,218 19,711 29,937 34,547 31,024 33,803 33,235 27,383 31,973 39,877 34,357 40,801 42,242 34,959 18,228 37,225 40,005 58,9&3 46.185 69,715 72,383 76,462 128,519 205,829 3,651 3,642 5,829 6,539 7,870 9,275 9,271 11,655 14,688 12,055 12,098 17,241 15,284 15,497 21,233 16,022 10,158 20,766 22,361 23,664 31,604 28,563 30,647 38,289 39,741 34,309 34,774 41,187 00,304 64,259 70,178 66,138 59,057 69,575 63,438 62,027 75,763 103,207 100,056 103,244 87,081 102,403 100,445 157,084 173,909 318,194 332,068: — SSS1N DEX. Ala. .20 Mo... . 6 Ariz. -4fl M .44 ont. Ark.. .35 Nebr .30 Cal. .1(1 Nev.. .42 Colo. -3a N.H.. .31 Conn -25 N.J. . .11 Dak.. .40 N.Mex36 Del. .38 N,Y . 1 DC.. .28 N.C.. .21 Fla. .87.Ohio. 3 Ga... .12 Oreg. .39 Ida. . .47 Pa. 2 111.. .. 4 R.I.. .34 Ind. .. 9 S.C. .22 Iowa .14 Tenn. .19 Kans -24 Tex.. .17 Ky... .13 Utah. .41 La. .. .16 Vt. . .32 Me... -2? Va . 7 Md.. .15 Wash -45 Mass. 5 W.Va 29 Mich. . 8 Wis 18 Minn. -23 Wyo. .46 Miss. .261 450,000 500,000 IN D E X . Actors............................. 25 Architects....................... 1 Artists............................. 4 Assayers.......................... Auctioneers.................... 46 Authors........................... Barbers........................... .................... 10 Livery-stable keepers.................. ........19 Billiard-saloon keepers and employes..45 Lodging-house keepers................ ........17 Boarding-house keepers.. ..................... 17 16 Bowling-saloon keepers and employes. .45 Messengers................................... ........20 43 Claim-agents................... .................... 32 42 Clergymen...................... 14 Clerk’ ............................. ...........15, 18, 28 Nurses.......................................... s Collectors....................... Copyists........................... Officials of Government__ ......... ........7 Dentists.......................... ... 5 Designers........................ .................... 35 23 Detectives....................... 16 Domestic servants........... .................... 2 ... 3 Draughtsmen................... 44 Employes......................... ..6, 13, 36, 39, 45 Sextons......................................... ........38 Engineers, civil............... .................... 28 Showmen and employes of shows ...... .36 Guides............................. .................... 44 Soldiers......................................... ...... 16 Hair-dressers.................... 5 Hostlers.......................... 3, 14, 27 Hotel-keepers.................. 44 Hunters............................ 41 Inventors......................... 22 Janitors........................... Whitewashed.............................. ........34 Total Number Engaged in Professional and Personal Services, by Classes, 1880. SCALE: 25,000 Persons. 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Authors, lecturers, and literary persons................... 921 Billiard and bowling-saloon keepers and employes b 1,232! Hunters, trappers, guides, and scouts........................ 1,583 Chemists, assayers, and metallurgists...................... 1,303 Midwives................................................................... . 1,234 Veterinary surgeons.................................................. 1,457 Auctioneers.............................................................. 1 983 Employes of charitable institutions.......................... 1,4G2 Sextons...................................................................... 1,453 Officers of the army and navy................................... 2,238 Showmen and employes of shows............................. 2,043 Designers, draughtsmen, and inventors.................... 2,003 Whitewashes............................................................ 2,714 Architects............................. ..................................... 2,382 Collectors and claim agents.................... ................. 3,271 Professional and personal services, not specified__ 3.430 Actors..................................................................... 3,531 Janitors.................................................................. 4,214 Engineers, civil..................................................... 7,097 Artists and teaches of art.................................... 6,727 Clerks in hotels and restaurants........................... 9,398 Journalists.............................................................. 10,426 Dentists.................................................................. 11,459 Restaurant keepes................................................ 7,764 Watchmen (private) and detectives...................... 6,936 Nuses................................................ ................... 9,397 Messenges............................................................ 12,739 Livery-stable keepes............................................. 12,055 15,299 Clerks in Government offices c .............................. Boarding and lodging-house k eep es.................... 12,294 Soldies, sailors, and marines d ............................. 14.944 Clerks and copyists, not otherwise described....... 22,742 Musicians (professional) and teachers of music... 21,595 Employes of Government c .............................. 25,604 Hostlers. 23,488 Hotel-keepes............................................................ 22,592 Barbers and hair-dressers........................................... 31.945 L aw yes...................................................................... 60,342 Clergymen.................................................................. 51,967 Officials of Government c............................................ 55,772 Employes of hotels and restaurants (not clerks)_ _ 52,652 Physicians and surgeons............................................. 77,092 Launderers and laundresses...................................... 87,815 Teachers and scientific persons.................................. 211,671 Domestic servants...................................................... 819,651 !Laborers, not specified a ........................................... 1,336,845 1,131 1,543 1,912 1,960 2,118 2,130 2,331 2,396 2,449 2,600 ! 2,604 I 2,820 3,316 3,375 4,213 4,570 4,812 6,763 8,261 9,104 10,916 12,308 12,314 13,074 13,384 13,483 13,985 14,213 16,849 19,058 24,161 25,467 30,477 31,601 31.697 32,453 44,851 64,137 64.698 67,081 77,413 85,671 121,942 227,710 ,075,655 ,859,223 50,000 75,000 100,000 125,000 150,000 175,000 200,000 225,000 a. “ In agricultural districts many enumer ators have reported *agricultural laborers * simply as ‘ laborers.’ ” b. “ To a great extent confused with ‘ hotel,* *restaurant ’ and ‘ saloon ’ keepers.” c. “ Including national, state, county, city and town governments.” d. “ In a census of the United States, *sailors ’ at sea are liable, to be omitted unless actual members of families enumerated.” COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS, 250,000 275,000 300,000 OCCUPATIO^TS P l a t e 66 Transportation, to Total Persons TRADE AND TRANSPORTATION. (Based on (he Returns of the Tenth Census.) Ratio of Persons Engaged in Trade and Transportation, to Total Persons Ten Years of Age and Over, by States, 1880. H k State an 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 s« 35 34 34 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 i» 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 Total Number Engaged in Trade and Transportation, by States, 1880. Females R ank State 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 81 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Ida. .. Wyo... Mont. . Ariz. . N.Mex Wash.Utah.. Nev... Del. .. Oreg.. Dak... Fla. V t.... Ark... D.C... W.Va. N.H.-_ Miss. . S.C. .. R.I— Colo. . N.C... Ala. .. Tenn.. Minn.. Ga.... Kans.. La. ... Me.... Conn.. V a.... K y.... Tex... Wis... Md.— Iowa. Mich.. Ind. .. Cal. N .J... Mo.... Ohio.. Mass.. H I...... P a .... N.Y... Males .■ 6 17 7 17 12 16 123 18 263 43 39 60 173 75 672 143 527 126 409 123 576 153 173 344 432 370 529 260, 1,089 700 1,032 614 802 260 1,096 2,449 660 1,406 1,140 771 2,508 1,579 2,870 6,222 3,044 10,301 15,115 1,321 1,528 2,759 3,235 3,252 3,389 4,026 4,431 4,704 6,106 6,180 6,386 8,773 9,158 9,176 10,510 11,208 12.849 13,147 14,983 14,641 15,338 15,793 16,609 23,196 23,979 24,693 26,119 28,041 29,090 28,888 29,804 32,761 34^649 36,454 46,785 50,212 53,317 55,292 56,621 63,874 77,721 101,445 109,154 125,328 169,664 324,304 Total m 1,327 1,545 2,766 3,252 3,264 3,405 4,149 4,449 4,967 6,149 6,219 6,446 8,945 9,233 .9,848 10,653 11,735 12,975 13,556 15,106 15^17 15,491 15,966 16,953 23,628 24,349 25,222 26,379 29,130 29,790 29,920 30,418 33,563 34^909 sca le : 10,000 Persons 20,000 30,000 40,000 8 50, 0 0 0 7 6 5 4 3 60,000 70,000 2 1 N.C... Miss. . Ark... A la ... £.C. .. Tenn.Ga.... iW. Va. V a.... K y.... Tex... v t . ... Fla. .. 2V Mex . Kans.. Ind. .. Wis... N.H... JJtah.. Iowa. Minn.Ohio.. Mich . Del. .. La. ... Oreg.. Nebr.. Mo.... Ida. .. P a .... in...... Me.... Conn.Wash.Dak... R.I__ Md. .. D.C... N.J. .. Mass.. Cal. .. N.Y... Mont.. Nev... Wyo. . Colo.. Ariz. . Per SCALE: C ent 5* 1.66 1.72 1.74 1.99 2.03 2.22 2.42 2.49 2.87 2.88 3.28 3.39 3.49 3.71 3.75 3.84 3.89 4.10 4.27 4.31 4.35 4.35 4.42 4.48 4.49 4.71 4.75 5.09 5.31 5.62 5.66 5.73 6.02 6.11 6.23 6.90 7.08 7.19 7.67 8.06 8.43 8.53 8.65 8.78 9.38 9.79 9.88 KEY 3 3 0 ^ .... IN D E X , 30% an d o ver,.. A la.. .44 Mo....20 -4riz. . 1 Mont. 5 Ark.. .45 Nebr. .21 Cal. . 7 Nev.. 4 Colo. 2 N.H.. .30 Conn -15 N.J. . 9 Dak.. .13 N.Mex 34 Del. . .24 N.Y.. 6 D.C . .10 N.C.. .47 Fla. ..35 Ohio. .26 G a... .41 Oreg Ida. . -iy Pa. .. .18 111.... .17 R.I... .12 Ind. . .32 S.C. . .43 Iowa .28 Tenn. .42 Kans. .'33 Tex.. .37 Ky... .38 Utah. .29 La. .. .23 Vt. .. 36 Me... .16 Va,. .39 Md. ..11 Wash -14 Mass. . 8 W.Va 40 Mich. .25 Wis. 31 Minn. -37 Wyo.. 8 Miss. .46 .2 2 80,000 90,000 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 IN D E X . 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 200,000 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 66,382 79,300 104,315 115,376 128,372 179,965 339,419 -«m Total Number Engaged in Trade and Transportation, by Classes, 1880. U. S. Born Total 108 900 1,093 1,057 1,546 1,632 943 1,512 1,478 1,737 1,855 1,535 1,852 1,286 1,321 1,609 2,023 2,007 2,603 2,112 2,504 2,524 1,367 3,324 2,491 3,004 3,742 4,116 2.974 3,826 3,516 4,056 4,078 5,619 5,032 5,496 4,789 6,454 5,112 9,498 8,058 9,210 9,808 7,412 8,229 10,887 10,219 10,542 10,133 11,271 4,945 12,177 12,944 15,261 16,896 20,738 23,521 23,596 21,401 26,370 26,197 as, 101 30,682 49,675 41,984 30,261 64,as I 86,791 128,275 109,380 303,070 177 1,070 1,197 1,405 1,774 1,856 1,862 1,900 1,940 1,999 2,069 2,283 2,303 2,305 2,373 2,382 2,494 2,729 2,830 2,854 3,302 3,374 3,574 3,770 4,176 4,193 4,329 4,421 4,809 4,982 5,022 5,113 5,166 6,577 7,419 9,242 9,702 9,993 10,073 10,257 10,871 11,253 11,263 11,866 11,925 12,331 12,365 12,596 13,004 13,146 13,500 15,076 15,180 18,523 20,368 22J509 27,700 28,158 32,192 32,279 a>, 129 45,831 53,491 59,790 60,070 68,461 101,849 112,840 177,586 236,058 .35.3,444 in d e x . Accountants in stores..............................................8 Agents, not specified...............................................18 Bankers...................................................................19 Bartenders.............................................................. 6 Boatmen and watermen.........................................17 Bookkeepers....................................... 8,26, 32, 53, 66 Bridge keepers........................................................ 59 Brokers, commercial...............................................46 Brokers of money and stock...................................19 Canalmen................................................................45 Clerks.................................................1, 26, 32, 53, 66 Commercial travelers............................................. 14 Dealers, 4,5,10, 11,15, 20,21, 24, 28,29, 30,31,33, 34, 37 38, 42, 43, 49, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 62, 63, 64, 65, 68 Draymen.................... -.......................................... 3 Employes........................2, 16, 22, 23. 27, 35, 41, 69, 70 Freighters............................................................... 39 Gaugers.......................................^......................... 51 Hackmen................ 3 Hucksters................................................................. 9 Laborers in stores and warehouses........................ 13 Measurers............................................................... 51 Milkmen and milkwomen....................................... 36 Newspaper criers and carriers................................50 Officials..........................16, 21, 23, 27, 35, 44, 61, 67, 69 Packers.......................... ---47 Peddlers...... ........................................................... 9 Pilots........................................ 48 Porters in stores and warehouses— ......... .-.........13 Sailors.......................................................................7 Salesmen and saleswomen................ 12 Saloon keepers.......................... 6 Shippers.................................................................. 39 Steamboat men and women...................................25 Stewards and stewardesses....................................60 Teamsters............................................................... 3 Toll-gate keepers.......................... 59 Traders, 4, 5, 10, 11, 15, 20, 21, 24, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33 34 37, 38, 42, 43, 49, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 62, 63, 64, 65 68 Undertakers............................ -•............................. 40 Weighers.......... .................................................. -51 SCALE: 26,000 Persons Employes of banks (not clerks)................................. Officials and employes of telephone companies........ Traders and dealers in marble, stone, and slate...... Officials of insurance companies............................... Clerks and bookkeepers in express companies........ Traders and dealers in paper and paper stock......... Traders and dealers in music and musical instrument Traders and dealers in oils, paints and turpentine .. Traders and dealers in agricultural implements...... Officials of railroad companies................................. Stewards and stewardesses— *............................... Toll-gate and bridge keepers.................................... Traders and dealers in gold, silverware and jewelry. Traders and dealers in crockery, china, glass a .......... Traders and dealers in leather, hides and skins........ Traders and dealers in cotton and wool.................... Traders and dealers in newspapers and periodicals.. Clerks and bookkeepers in insurance offices.............. Traders and dealers in ice.......................................... Weighers, gaugers, and measurers............................ Newspaper criers and carriers................. ................ Traders and dealers in junk...................................... Pilots.......................................................................... Packers....................................................................... Brokers, commercial................................................... Canalmen.................................................................... Officials of banks................................ ...................... Traders and dealers in hats, caps, and fu rs .............. Traders and dealers in books and stationery............. Employes in warehouses............................................ Undertakers........................ -........................... .......... Shippers and freighters.............................................. Traders and dealers in sewing-machines................... Traders and dealers in cabinet-ware......................... Milkmen and milkwomen... [companies, not specified Officials and employes of trading and transportation Traders and dealers in boots ana shoes..........[goods Traders and dealers in clothing and men’s furnishing Clerks and bookkeepers in banks.............................. 'Traders and dealers in coal and w ood...................... Traders and dealers in real estate............................. Traders and dealers in lumber.................................. Traders and dealers in cigars and tobacco................ Officials and employes of street railroad companies. Clerks and bookkeepers in railroad offices................ Steamboat men and women....................................... Traders and dealers in live stock............................... Officials and employes of express co.’s (not clerks). . Employes of insurance companies (not clerks).......... Traders and dealers in liquors and wines.................. Traders and dealers in iron, tin, and copperware__ Bankers and brokers of money and stocks............... Agents, not specified.................................................. Boatmen and watermen............................................. Officials and employes of telegraph companies__ ... Traders and dealers in drugs and medicines............ Commercial travelers................................................. Porters and laborers in stores and warehouses......... Salesmen and saleswomen......................................... Traders and dealers in produce and provisions_ _ _ Traders and dealers in dry goods, fancy goods, and Hucksters and peddlers............................... [notions Bookkeepers and accountants in stores........... Sailors b............................................................. Saloon-keepers and bartenders.... ................... Traders and dealers in groceries...................... Traders and dealers, not specified.................... Draymen, hackmen, teamsters......................... Employes of railroad companies (not clerks)... Clerks in stores............................................ ...... Ala.. .24 Mo. .. 6 Ariz. .44 Mont. .45 Ark.. .34 Nebr. .9 8 Cal. . 8 Nev.. .40 Colo. .26 N.H.. .31 Conn -17 N.J. . 7 Dak.. 37 N.MexM Del. . .39 N.Y.. 1 D.C.. .33 N.C.. .25 Fla. . .36 Ohio. 5 Ga... .21 Oreg. .38 Ida. ..47 Pa... 2 111.. . 3 R.I.. 37 Ind. . 9 S.C. . .29 Iowa .11 Tenn. .23 Kans -20 Tex.. .14 Ky... .15 Utah. 41 La... .19 Vt,. .. .35 Me... .18 Va . .16 Md.. .12 Wash -42 Mass. 4 W.Va .32 Mich. .10 Wis. .13 Minn -22 Wyo. .46 Miss. .30 50,000 75,000 1 0 0,00 0 125,000 150,000 175,000 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 225,000 I a. And stoneware. b. Sailors at sea are likely to be omitted, unless they arc actual members of families which arc enumerated. 250,000 275,000 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 325,000 350,000 373,000 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. G occTJ^^Txonsrs P late 6 7 Ratio of Persons Engaged in Manufactures, and Mechanical and Mining Industries, MANUFACTURES, MECHANICS AND MINING. (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) Ratio o f Persons Engaged in Manufactures, and Meehan1 ical and Mining Industries, to Total Persons Ten Years o f A ge and Over, by States, 1880. Total Number Engaged in Manufactures, and Mechanical and Mining Industries, by States, 1880. Females Rank 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 84 33 32 31 30 29 28 sn 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 1« 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State 74 Wyo. . 335 N.Mex 64 Ida. .. 164 Wash.102 Ariz. . 76 Mont.. 633 Fla. 311 Dak... Utah.. 811 706 Ark... 1,792 Miss. . 353 Nev... 1,864 Del. .. 2,656 D.C... 688 Oreg.. 1,726 Nebr.. 3,811 S.C. .. 3,535 Ala. 3,628 Vt. ... 1,448 W.Va. 2,108 Tex... 4,222 L a .... N.C__ 5,547 Tenn.3,640 7,213 Ga. — Kans.. 3,027 4,278 Minn.. 969 Colo.. N.H.-- 17,362 7,693 K y.... 8,452 V a .... R.I---- 20,088 8,442 Iowa.. Me.... 16,778 Md. .. 14,723 Wis... 10,541 Mo.... 11,563 Ind. .. 11,431 Conn.. 26,899 8,592 Cal.. . Mich. - 12,629 N.J. .. 28,914 m ...... 28,099 Ohio.. 31,932 Mass.. 98,019 P a.... 76,860 N.Y... 137,190 Males Total ■■ M ■ 1,615 4.042 6,468 7,132 7,272 7,940 7,803 8,790 9,401 10,632 11,353 12,878 12,284 12,681 16,770 16,529 15,887 19,461 22,586 24,840 28,238 26,459 28,416 32,442 28,954 33,292 85,511 46,439 40,675 53,788 54,607 46,072 61,498 55,884 70,614 75,968 98,211 98,696 89,192 109,690 118,284 131,647 177,471 210,362 272,246 451,417 492,679 1,689 4,377 6,532 7,296 7,374 8,022 8,436 9,101 10,212 11,333 13,145 13,231 14 148 15,337 17,458 18,255 19,698 22,996 26,214 26,288 30,346 30,681 33,963 36,082 36,167 36,319 39,789 47,408 58,037 61,481 63,059 66,160 69,941 72,622 85,337 86,510 109,774 110,127 116,091 118,283 130,913 160,561 205,570 242,294 370,265 528,277 629,869 INDEX. Total Number Engaged in Manufactures, and Mechanical and Mining Industries, by Classes, 1880, U . S. Born Total Number Engaged in Manufactures, and Mechanical and Mining Industries, by Classes, 1880. (Continued). U . S . B o rn Total T o ta l R an k Shingle and lath makers............................................. Sawyers...................................................................... Pianoforte makers and tu n ers................ ................ Print-works operatives.............................................. Basket makers............................................................ Nail makers............................................................... Pattern makers........................................................... Charcoal and lime burners......................................... Rubber-factory operatives......................................... Wire makers and workers.......................................... Potters........................................................................! Oil-well operators and laborers..................................I Sewing-machine operators......................................... Mechanics, not specified............................................. Officials of manufacturing and mining companies...... Bleachers, dyers, and scourers................................... Broom and brush makers............................................ Photographers............................................................. Clerks and bookkeepers in mfg. establishments........ Upholsterers.......................................................-....... Gun and locksmiths.................................................... Builders and contractors............................................. Brass founders and workers....................................... Shirt, cuff, and collar makers................... ................ Hosiery and knitting-mill operatives.......................... Wood choppers........................................................... Steam-boiler makers................................................... Wood turners, carvers, and woodenware makers— Others in manufacturing, mechanical, and mining Confectioners........................................... [industries Tool and cutlery makers............................................. Clock and watch makers, and repairers.................... Bookbinders and finishers........................................... uarrymen............................. .................................... Wheelwrights.............................................................. Box-factory operatives................................................ Brewers and maltsters................................................ Hat and cap makers................................................... Carpet makers............................................................. Ship carpenters, calkers, riggers, and smiths............. Glass-works operatives.............................................. Silk-mill operatives.................................................... Plumbers and gasfitters.............................................. Tobacco-factory operatives........................................ Paper-mill operatives................................................. Plasterers.................................................................... Gold and silver workers and jewelers....................... Leather curriers, dressers, finishers and tanners...... Lumbermen and raftsmen......................................... Mill and factory operatives, not specified................... Marble and stone cutters........................................... Employes in mfg. establishments, not specified......... Brick and tile makers b............................................... Harness and saddle makers........................................ Bakers........................................................................ Fishermen and oystermen c............................................ Tinners and tinware makers....................................... Manufacturers............................................................ Apprentices to trades d.............................................. Coopers...................................................................... Carriage and wagon makers...................................... Cabinet makers........................................................... Millers......................................................................... Cigar m akers.............................................-........ ...... Printers, lithographers, and stereotypers................... Butchers...................................................................... Saw and planing-mill operatives................................. Engineers and firemen................................................ Woolen-mill operatives.............................................. Machinists.............. . .................................................. Masons, stone and brick............................................ Iron and steel-works and shops operatives e.............. Painters and vamishers.............................................. Tailors and tailoresses............................................... Cotton-mill operatives............................................... Blacksmiths................................................................ Boot and shoe makers................................................. Miners................. .......................................... -.......... Milliners, dressmakers, and seamstresses/................ Carpenters and joiners............................................... 136 135 134 133 132 131 130 129 128 127 126 125 124 123 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 720 Leather-case and pocketbook makers........................ Flax d re ssers..... ...................................................... Meat and fruit-preserving establishment employes— Trunk, valise, and carpet-hag makers......................< Paperhangers............................................................... 75,000 990 1 ,1 7 4 899 1 ,1 0 1 823 893 996 710 805 807 1 ,2 9 8 1 ,0 6 9 1 ,1 4 4 1 ,2 5 8 1 ,0 5 6 1 ,3 4 5 1 ,3 9 2 1 ,6 8 5 1 ,1 8 2 933 643 1 ,6 8 3 653 1 ,1 9 1 1 ,8 3 8 1 ,5 4 6 1 ,9 2 2 2 ,0 2 4 2 ,3 2 6 2 ,0 6 6 1 ,6 5 7 1 ,6 7 6 2 ,1 6 8 1 ,9 3 5 2 ,4 4 3 2 ,1 2 0 2 ,3 0 2 2 ,5 3 0 1 ,5 2 0 2 ,3 3 9 2 .4 9 8 2 ,5 3 4 3 ,5 1 1 3 ,& 5 7 3 ,6 6 7 3 ,8 6 3 3 ,1 7 9 3 ,8 7 7 2 ,3 9 3 3 ,1 9 1 3 ,7 9 3 3 ,2 5 5 3 .8 8 5 4 ,0 3 8 1 ,0 2 7 1 ,2 0 6 1 ,3 6 1 1 ,3 6 6 1 ,3 7 5 1 ,3 8 3 1 ,3 8 5 1 ,3 9 7 1 ,4 0 8 1 ,4 3 1 1 ,4 4 9 1 ,5 8 0 1 ,7 0 8 1 ,7 6 3 1 ,8 3 9 1 ,8 8 8 1 ,8 9 4 1 ,9 6 5 • 1 ,9 6 7 2 ,0 6 3 2 ,0 8 1 2 ,1 0 5 2 ,2 0 6 2 ,2 3 5 2 ,3 2 7 2 ,3 4 2 2 ,4 3 7 2 ,5 0 3 2 ,5 8 7 2 ,7 2 5 2 ,7 8 1 2 ,8 6 0 2 ,9 2 3 2 ,9 2 3 2 ,9 5 0 3 ,0 1 3 8 ,2 4 5 3 ,2 5 9 3 ,3 4 1 3 ,3 9 9 3 ,4 3 6 3 ,5 1 4 3 .9 2 9 4 ,0 2 6 4 ,0 6 1 4 ,2 2 9 4 ,5 1 1 4 ,5 7 0 4 ,5 7 7 4 ,6 6 0 4 ,6 9 5 4 ,7 0 8 4 ,8 7 2 4 ,8 9 1 4 ,9 4 6 5 ,0 1 3 m a. “ Generally reported as ‘ iron-founders,’ ‘ car penters,’ ‘ machinists,’ ‘ painters,’ ‘ vamishers,’ etc.” b. ‘‘ Unskilled workmen employed in brickyards are commonly reported as ‘ laborers.’ ” c. ‘‘ Largely reported as ‘ sailors,’ while many who work at some other business a part of the year are reported under that industry.” d. ‘‘ In 1870, ‘apprentices ’ were, as far as possible, included in the account of their respective trades.” e. “ Including founderies, furnaces, and rollingmills.” /. “ In 1870? ‘ seamstresses’ were included with ‘ tailors and tailoresses.’ ” Agricultural-implement Galloon makers.......... 113, Pump makers............... 133 Gasfitters.....................38 Quarrymen....... .............47 makers...................... Artificial-flower makers 97 Gas-works employes... 86 (Quartz and stamp-mill Apprentices to trades.. 22 Gilders.........................123j operativesand laborAwning makers............ 102 Gimp makers...............113 ers..............................126 Bag makers.................. 128 Glass-works operatives. 40 Raftsmen....................... 32 Bakers............................26 Glove makers..............90 Ragpickers................... 114 Basket makers............... 76 Gold workers and jew Railroad builders and Blacksmiths.................. 5 elers.......................... 84 contractors............... 135 Bleachers....................... 65 Grate makers...*...........98 Rectifiers..................... 100 Blind makers..................82; Grinders.......................122 Refiners................. 112 Boat makers................. 117 Gunsmiths.................... 60-Refinery operatives------94 Bone workers..........- ..121 Hair cleaners, dressers Riggers.........................41 and workers..............119 Roofers.................. 93 Bookbinders and finishers--.-‘ ........................ 48 Harness makers...........27 Rope a n d c o r d a g e Bookkeepers in mfg. es Hat makers................. 431 makers................95 tablishments............... 62 Heading makers.......... 92 Rubber-factory opera56 tives............................72 Boot and shoemakers.. 4 Hosiery.................. Sail makers.................. 102 Bottlers.........................H Iron-works and shops O Box-factory operatives. 45 operatives................. 9 Saddle makers...............27 Ivory workers...............121 Salt makers................. 127 Brass f o u n d e r s a n d 58 Japanned-ware makers 132 Sash makers.................. 82 workers Brewers5 5 ......................- 44|Jewelers.......................34 Saw-mill operatives— 14 1T 1 Sawyers......................... 79 Brick makers............. r 28 Joiners Brick masons................. 10 knitting-mill operatives 56 Scale and rule makers. .136 Bridge builders.............108 Laborers................. 69, 126 Scourers.........................65 Britannia-ware makers 132 Lace makers................. 124 Screw makers...............134 Broom makers............... 64 Lath makers.................. 80 Seamstresses........... . 2 Brush makers.................64 Lead-works operatives. 115 Sewing-machine factory Builders................ 59 Leather-case makers.. .129 operatives..................107 Sewing-machine opera Butchers.........................15 Leather curriers Button-factory opera Lime burners..................73 tors............................. 68 tives............................ 84 Lithographers.............. 16 Shingle makers...............80 Cabinet makers..............19 Locksmiths....................60 Ship carpenters, calk Calkers................-.........41 Lumbermen................... 82 ers, riggers and smiths 41 Candle makers..............103 Machinists...................... 11 Shirt makers................. 57 Capmakers.................... 43 Maltsters........................ 44 Shook makers................ 92 Carmakers.................... 86 Manufacturers...........23, 52 Silk-mill operatives------39 Carpenters............ ...1, 41 Marble cutters............... 30 Silver workers andjewCarpet-bag makers....... 101 Masons, brick and stone 10 elers............................ 34 Slaters............................93 Carpet makers............... 42 Meat packers, curers, Carriage makers............ 20 and picklers................ 96 Soap makers.................103 Starch makers..............130 C arvers.................. 53 Meat-preserving estabCharcoal burners......... 731 lishment employes... 105 Stave makers................. 92 Cheese makers................... 89 (Mechanics.................. 67 Steam-boiler makers... 54 Che mi cal-works em- | Millers............................ 18 Steel works and shops ploySs............................. 101 Milliners................. 2 operatives................. 9 Stereotypers................ 16 Cigar makers_______ 17 Mill o p e r a t i v e s , not Clerks in manufactur- | specified........... ........ 31 Stonecutters................30 Stone masons...............10 ing establishments... 62 Mineral-water makers .116 Clock makers and re- iMiners......................... 3, 52 Stove makers...............98 pairers......................... 491Mirror makers............. 109 Straw workers.............91 Collar makers__________57 Nail makers.................75 Sugar makers and remers......................... 112 Confectioners.......... 51 Officials of manufacturTailors and tailoresses. 7 Contractors_ 59, 108, 135 ing and mining com_ Tallow makers............. 103 Coopers.......................................... 21! panics -- — Copper workers.......... -Ill Oil-mill and refinery Tanners Corset makers.................87! operatives - 94 Tassel makers.............. 113 Cotton-mill operatives. 6 Oil-well operators and Thread-mill operatives. 99 Tile makers................... 28 Cuff makers................... 57| laborers.. . .... . . Cutlery makers.............. 50 Operatives, 6, 9, 12, 14, Tinners an d tinware makers........................24 Cutters__________ 30, 122 31, 36, 37, 39, 40, 45, 56, Distillers....................... 100 72, 77, 84, 94, 99, 107, Tobacco-factory opera tives............................ 37 Door makers................ 82 115, 126................. - - - If J Dressers..................33, 120,Operators................. 68, 69 Toolmakers...................50 Dressmakers.................. 2 Organ makers............. 110 Trunk makers..............101 Dyers................................. 65 Oystermen.................. 25 Tuners........................... 78 Employes in manufac- | Painters........................ 8 Turners..........................53 turing establishments 29 Paperhangers................ 81 Umbrella makers......... 118 Engineers................ 13 Paper-mill operatives.. 36 Upholsterers.................. 61 Engravers..................... 88 Parasol makers............. 118 Valise makers...............101 Pattern makers..............74 Vamishers................... 8 Factory operatives---........31, 37, 45, 72, 84, 107 Photographers............... 63 Wagon makers.............. 20 Fertilizer establisment Pianaforte makers....... 78 Watch makers and re operatives................. 131 Picture-frame makers. .109 pairers.......... ............. 49 File makers............. 122 Plasterers.......................35 Wneelwrights................ 46 Finishers.......................a3;Plumbers.- - - - - .............88 Wire makers and work Firemen........................ 13 Pocket-book makers...129 ers............................... 71 Fishermen.................... 25 Potters-----...........JO Wood choppers.. -r ----55 Flax dressers................120 Planmg-mill operatives 14 Wooden-ware makers.. 53 Fruit-preserving estab- IPrinters.............--— 16 Woolen-mill operatives 12 lishment employes... 105 Print-works operatives. 77 Zinc-works operatives .115 Furnace makers...........98 Publishers of b o o k s Fur workers................. 1251 maps and newspapers 106 300,000 COPYRIGHT, 1883j BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. OCCUPATIONS P l a t e 68 (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) RATIO OF SELECTED OCCUPATIONS TO TOTAL POPULATION. Ratio, by States, 1880. Ratio, by States, 1880. Stato and Occupations. Per Cent. State and Occupations. S C A LE : 5% m 15% 20% 25% 30.14 18.67 05.71 02.87 01.61 00.38 01.82 01.34 00.42 Total Agriculture....................... ......................................... 20.68 Farmers and planters....... ............................................... 14.81 Agricultural laborers.......................................................... 05.51 Total professional and personal services............................ 05.37 Laborers....................................................................... 02.29 Domestic servants..................... - ...................................... 00.99 Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining............... 03.&i Carpenters and joiners...................................................... 00.73 Total trade and transportation........................................... 02.04 Traders and dealers.......................................................... 00.88 20.30 11.82 03.86 18.23 11.56 08.49 04.26 02.56 08.04 02.48 Total agriculture........................................................ Farmers and planters............................................. Agricultural laborers.............................................. Total professional and personal services.................. Laborers.................................................................... Domestic servants.................................................. Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining— Tailors, tailoresses, milliners, and dressmakers.. Total trade and transportation................................ Traders and dealers................................................ 26.99 13.55 02.92 00.96 00.77 01.41 01.15 00.47 00.31 L ouisiana. Total agriculture........................................................ Agricultural laborers.............................................. Farmers and planters.............................................. Total professional and personal services.................. Laborers................................................................... Domestic servants................................................... Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining... Total trade and transportation.............................. Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores....... Traders and dealers................................................ 14.04 06.65 02.64 13.68 04.29 09.18 05.02 02.75 06.63 01.72 Total agriculture........................................................ Farmers and planters.............................................. Agricultural laborers............................................... Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining— Cotton, silk, and woolen-mill operatives............. Total professional and personal services................ Laborers..................................................................... Domestic servants.................................................... Total trade and transportation................................. Sailors, steamboatmen, canalmen, pilots, and watermen 24.39 14.90 01.94 12.76 06.63 07.97 01.83 06.96 03.35 02.09 Total professional and personal services................ Laborers................................................................... Domestic servants................................................... Total agriculture.......................... ............................ Agricultural laborers.............................................. Farmers and planters.............................................. Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining— Tailors, tailoresses, milliners, and dressmaker.).. Total trade and transportation................................ Traders and dealers................................................ 18.64 03.92 01.66 08.23 03 07 02.59 07.07 04.33 02.52 04.80 Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining__ Cotton, silk, and woolen-mill operatives.............. Boot and shoemakers.............................................. Total professional and personal services................ Laborers................................................................... Domestic servants................................................... Total trade and transportation................................ Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores....... Total agriculture......................................................... Fanners and planters............................................. 21.08 16.81 03.92 10.36 04.75 01. 06.73 02.64 04.60 01.39 Total agriculture........................................................ Farmers and planters............................................. Agricultural laborers............................................... Total professional and personal services................ . Laborers...............•_ .................................................... Domestic servants................................................... . Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining__ Carpenters and joiners........................................... . Total trade and transportation................................ . Traders and dealers................................................ 12.17 06.02 05.99 12.01 06.52 03.59 09.65 01.15 03.38 01.04 Total agriculture........................................................ Farmers and planters.......................... .................... Agricultural laborers.............................................. Total professional and personal services.................. Laborers................................... -............................... Domestic servants............................................-— Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining....... Carpenters and joiners............................................ Total trade and transportation................................. Officials and employes of railroad companies---- 22.50 06.83 05.29 04.42 01.58 08.63 01.59 05.54 01.1 01.54 Total agriculture........................................................ Agricultural laborers............................................... Farmers and planters............................................. Total professional and personal services................ Laborers.................................................................... Domestic servants.................................................. Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining — Total trade and transportation................................ Traders and dealers................................................ Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores........ 21.79 11.97 09.46 06.65 03.29 01. 03.13 02.39 00.56 00.56 Total agriculture...................................... 1................. Farmers and planters............................................. Agricultural laborers............................................... Total professional and personal services.................. Laborers.................................................................... Domestic servants.................................................... Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining — Total trade and transportation................................. Traders and dealers................................................. Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores......... 28.02 18.41 09.40 06.76 03.06 02.14 01.16 02.34 01.63 00.- ‘ Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining--Miners........................................................................ Total professional and personal services.................. Laborers............. : .................................................... Officers, soldiers, and sailors----- -----------------Total agriculture......................................................... Farmers and planters....................................-....... Stock-raisers, drovers, and herders....................... Total trade and transportation.................................. Draymen, hackmen, teamsters, etc.— ............... 20.03 14.43 11.83 06.56 01.41 11.83 07.63 02.16 01.81 04.06 Total agriculture......................................................... Farmers and planters.............................................. Agricultural laborers.............................................. Total professional and personal services.................. Laborers................................................... ................ Domestic servants.................................................... Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining--Total trade and transportation................................ Traders and dealers................................................ Officials and employes of railroad companies........ 14.17 09.13 04.90 07.45 03.38 01.84 06.67 00.98 04.17 01.09 Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining — Miners....................................................................... Unclassified in manufacturing and mining......... Total professional and personal services.................. Laborers.................................................................... Domestic servants.................................................... Total trade and transportation.................................. Total agriculture.................................-...................... Farmers and planters.............................................. Agricultural laborers..................... ........................ 16.74 10.62 06.00 06.93 03.53 01.47 C5.56 00.78 02.85 00.86 Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining....... Cotton, silk, and woolen-mill operatives................ Boot and shoemakers.............................................. Total agriculture........................................................... Farmers and planters............................................... Agricultural laborers.............................................. . Total professional and personal services................... Laborers.................................................................... . Domestic servants..................................................... Total trade and transportation................................ . 18.68 13.04 05.44 06.39 02.72 oi.r 00.83 04.30 03.13 00.97 Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining........ Cotton, silk, and woolen-mill operatives................ Total professional and personal services................... Laborers...................................................................... Domestic servants..................................................... Total trade and transportation................................... Traders and dealers.................................................. Total agriculture........................................................... Farmers and planters................................................ Agricultural laborers................................................ K en tu cky. A rizona . Total professional and personal services............. Laborers............—............................................ Officers, soldiers, and sailors............-----.......... Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.. Miners..................................................................... Total agriculture.................. -................................. Farmers and planters.......................................... Stock-raisers, drovers, and herders.................... Total trade and transportation............................. Officials and employes of railroad companies.. A r k a n sa s . Total agriculture.................................................... Farmers and planters......................................... Agricultural laborers........................................... Total professional and personal services............. Laborers................................................................ Domestic servants....................... ....................... Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.. Total trade and transportation............................ Traders and dealers............................................ Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores .. M a in e . C alifo rn ia . Total professional and personal services.............. Laborers................................................................. Domestic servants............................................... Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.. Miners................................................................... Total agriculture................................................. Farmers and planters........................................... Agricultural laborers............................................ Total trade and transportation.............................. Traders and dealers............................................. D is t r ic t of Idaho . Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.. Miners.................................................................... Total professional and personal services.............. Laborers................................................................ Officers, soldiers, and sailors...... ..................... Total agriculture.................................................... Farmers and planters.......................................... Stock-raisers, drovers, and herders................... Agricultural laborers.......................................... . Total trade and transportation............................. Iowa. Total agriculture..................................................... Farmers and planters........................................... Agricultural laborers........................................... Total professional and personal services.............. Laborers...........................................•-.................... Domestic servants................................................ Teachers................................................................ Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.. Total trade and transportation............................. Traders and dealers............................................ $ 14.68 10.21 04.32 08.75 04.82 01.76 (7.99 01.01 03.34 C0.86 16.84 12.37 04.35 07.61 13.53 01.96 05.09 00.85 03.11 00.81 30.04 19.04 10.90 04.36 01.78 01.39 01.16 01.14 00.38 00.33 16.38 10.93 15.31 06.84 03.05 01.65 05.C6 03.65 00.91 00.90 20.48 12.29 17.75 07.48 04.62 11.52 06.02 02.85 07.06 02.48 20.00 15.17 04.21 06.35 02.61 01.15 01.03 03.33 00.98 00.92 N evada. 21.24 10.67 02.51 16.65 08.38 02.58 07.14 06.71 03.26 01.90 N e w H a m p s h ir e . Indiana . Total agriculture..................................................... Farmers and planters.......................................... Agricultural laborers.......................................... Total professional and personal services............. Laborers.............................—........................... Domestic servants................................................ Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.. Carpenters and joiners........................................ Total trade and transportation............................ Traders and dealers............................................. 02.20 N ebraska. Illinois . Total agriculture....................................... ................. Farmers and planters............................................. Agricultural laborers............................................... Total professional and personal services................ Laborers.................................................................... Domestic servants...................... ........ .................. Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining— Tailors, tailoresses, milliners, and dressmakers.. Total trade and transportation................................ Traders and dealers................................................ 20.76 05.04 03.30 09.54 03.37 02.96 06.46 01.85 03.64 Mo ntana. G e o r g ia . Total agriculture..................................................... Agricultural laborers.......................................... Farmers and planters.......................................... Total professional and personal services............. Laborers........................................................... Domestic servants................ : .............................. Launderers and laundresses............................... Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.. Total trade and transportation............................. Traders and dealers............................................. 10.58 04.07 03.78 09.72 05.48 04.03 09.12 01.42 05.26 01.34 M is s o u r i . F l o r id a . Total agriculture..................................................................... Agricultural laborers............................................................ Farmers and planters......................................................... Total professional and personal services............................... Laborers................................................................................. Domestic servants................................................................. Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.................. Total trade and transportation............................................. Traders and dealers............................................................. Sailors, steamboatmen, canalmen, pilots, and watermen 12.65 09.22 03.36 11.19 02.23 07.30 03.42 01.51 04.69 01.67 M is s is s ip pi . C o l u m b ia . Total professional and personal services............................. Domestic servants................................................................ Laborers............. .................................................................. Officials and employes (civil) of Government................... Launderers and laundresses............................................... Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.................. Tailors, tailoresses, milliners, and dressmakers............... Total trade and transportation............................................. Traders and dealers............................................................. Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores................... I M in n e s o t a . Delaw are. Total agriculture...................................................................... Farmers and planters.......................................................... Agricultural laborers............................................................ Total professional and personal services............................. Laborers .................................................. .......... -................. Domestic servants............................................................... Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.................. Carpenters and joiners......................................................... Total trade and transportation.............................................. Traders and dealers.............................................................. 21.84 15.50 06.02 10.43 06.11 02.37 03.26 03.09 01.07 00.80 M ic h ig a n . Da k o t a . Total agriculture..........................•-......................................... Farmers and planters........................................................... Agricultural laborers............i.............................................. Total professional and personal services............................. Laborers................................................................................. Officers, soldiers, and sailors.................... .......................... Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.................. Miners................................................................................... Total trade and transportation............................................. Officials and employes of railroad companies.................. 00.68 Ma s s a c h u s e t t s . C o n n e c t ic u t . Total manufacturing, .mechanical, and mining.................. Cotton, silk, and woolen-mill operatives............................ Unclassified in manufacturing and mining..................... Total professional and personal services............................. Laborers................................................................................ Domestic servants.............................................................. Total agriculture...................................................................... Farmers and planters.......................................................... Agricultural laborers.......................................................... Total trade and transportation............................................. 19.44 10.40 08.93 06.32 02.47 02.22 03.72 00.49 02.03 Ma r y l a n d . C o lo r ad o . Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.. Miners............. ..................................................... Carpenters and joiners......................................... Total professional and personal services............. Laborers........................................................... Total trade and transportation............................. Traders and dealers............................................. Total agriculture.................................................... Farmers and planters.......................................... Stock-raisers, drovers, and herders.................. SCALE: 5% K a n sa s . A la b am a . Total Agriculture.................................................................... Agricultural laborers— ................................................. Farmers and planters.......................................................... Total professional and personal services............................. Laborers......................................................................... Domestic servants................................................................. Launderers and laundresses.............................................. Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.................. Total trade and transportation............................................. Traders and dealers............................... -............................ Per Cent. 30% 16.72 06.16 (1.83 12.82 08.75 04.00 08.12 03.06 02.17 03.38 N e w Je r s e y. CO PYRIG H T, 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SONS. 14.19 01.67 09.78 04.65 02.63 05.86 01.58 05.23 02.96 02.00 1% 0 15% 2% 0 25% 30% OO OTXIF^TIOIN-S P l a t e 69 RATIO OF SELECTED OCCUPATIONS TO TOTAL POPULATION. —Continued. Ratio, by States, 1880. Ratio, by States, 1880. Per Cent. State and Occupations. State and Occupations. S C A LE : 1* 0 5* 15* 20* 25* Total agriculture..................................................... Farmers and planters.......................................... Agricultural laborers........................................... Stock-raisers, drovers, and herders................... Total professional and personal services............. Laborers................................................................. Domestic servants............................................... Total trade and transportation............................. Traders and dealers............................................. Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.. 12.39 02.05 10.58 03.92 03.23 07.42 04.75 02.47 06.67 01.91 Total agriculture..................................................... Farmers and planters.......................................... Agricultural laborers.......................................... Total professional and personal services............. Laborers................................................................. Domestic servants............................................... Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.. Carpenters and joiners........................................ Total trade and transportation............................. Miners................................................................... 25.78 14.41 11.14 04.95 02.04 01.85 02.42 00.33 01.14 00.40 Total agriculture..................................................................... Farmers and planters.......................................................... Agricultural laborers........................................................... Total professional and personal services............................... Laborers................................................................................. Domestic servants............................................................... Teachers................................................................................ Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.................. Carpenters and joiners......................................................... Total trade and transportation.............................................. 12.42 08.17 04.10 07.82 03.75 01.87 07.57 01.03 00.93 03.26 Total agriculture..................................................................... Agricultural laborers............................................................ Farmers and planters.......................................................... Total professional and personal services............................. Laborers................................................................................. Domestic servants............................................................... Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.................. Cigar-makers and tobacco-workers.................................... Total trade and transportation............................................. Traders and dealers............................................................. 15.50 10.50 03.77 09.98 02.11 01.82 09.52 05.55 03.51 01.08 Total agriculture...................................................................... Farmers and planters.......................................................... Agricultural laborers............................................................ Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.................. Lumbermen, raftsmen, and woodchoppers..................... Miners........................................................ ........................... Total professional and personal services............................. Laborers................................................................................. Total trade and transportation........................................... Officials and employes of railroad companies.................. 12.33 01.62 01.16 10.43 05.52 02.59 07.03 04.56 02.34 04.20 Total agriculture......................................................... Farmers and planters............................................. Agricultural laborers............................................. Total professional and personal services.................. Laborers.................................................................... Domestic servants................................................. Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining__ Miners........................................................................ Carpenters and joiners........................................... Total trade and transportation................................. 23.92 11.04 01.50 08.91 03.34 02.58 05.50 01.54 03.95 02.29 Total agriculture................................................. ....... Farmers and planters.............................................. Agricultural laborers............................................... Total professional and personal services................ Laborers.................................................................... Domestic servants.................................................. Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining__ Tailors, tailoresses, milliners, and dressmakers.. Carpenters and joiners............................................ Total trade and transportation................................. V N o r t h C a r o l in a . V O h io . Total agriculture.................................................................... Farmers and planters..................................................... Agricultural laborers...................................................... Total professional and personal services....................... Laborers.......................................................................... Domestic servants.......................................................... Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining........... Tailors, tailoresses, milliners, and dressmakers........ Carpenters and joiners.................................................. Total trade and transportation........................................ W O reg o n. Total agriculture............................................................... Farmers and planters.................................................... Agricultural laborers..................................................... . Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.......... Miners.............................................................................. . Fishermen and oystermen............................................ . Total professional and personal services........................ Laborers..................................................................... . Total trade and transportation........................................ Carpenters and joiners.................................................... P e n n s y l v a n ia . W Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining... Miners...... ............................................................... Tailors, tailoresses, milliners, and dressmakers.. Total professional and personal services............... Laborers.................................................................. Domestic servants.................................................. Total agriculture....................................................... Farmers and planters............................................ Agricultural laborers............................................. Total trade and transportation............................... R h o d e Is l a n d . 10.10 06.34 02.87 07.74 04.80 01.18 07.09 00.87 02.88 01.80 16.62 10.75 05.78 08.47 03.33 02.75 00.83 07.88 00.91 ir g in ia . 16.79 08.78 07.98 09.69 04.84 03.24 04.16 00.66 02.01 00.61 17.01 12.01 04.03 09.71 01.32 01.31 08.83 03.73 04.53 01.42 V ir g in ia . 17.39 10.59 06.75 05.12 02.53 01.32 04.25 00.59 00.53 01.72 is c o n s in . 14.89 10.52 04.26 07.41 03.69 01.94 06.57 00.83 00.81 02.85 y o m in g . Total professional and personal services.................. Laborers................................................................... Officers, soldiers, and sailors______________ Domestic servants.................................................. Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining__ Total agriculture......................................................... Farmers and planters............................................. Agricultural laborers............................................... Total trade and transportation................................. Officials and employes of railroad companies__ 19.07 08.95 06.10 02.98 01.73 02.33 01.53 00.50 , 00.37 07.45 06.19 02.41 08.12 07.88 04.38 02.13 07.43 UNITED STATES. Total agriculture........................................................ Farmers and planters............................................. Agricultural laborers............................................... Total professional and personal services................ Laborers.................................................................... Domestic servants....................................... Total manufactuing, mechanical, and mining....... Total trade and transportation................................. Traders and dealers................................................. Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores....... ennessee. Total agriculture............................................ ............. Farmers and planters..................... ............................ Agricultural laborers.................................................... Total professional and personal services..................... Laborers................................................................... Domestic servants........................................................ Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.......... Total trade and transportation..................................... Traders and dealers...................................................... Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores............ 15.29 08.42 06.62 08.12 03.70 02.14 07.65 03.60 00.95 Ratio of Persons Engaged in Useful Occupations, to Total Population, by States, 1880. State. 10* 20* 15* 19.29 00.88 INDEX, Ala. . .14 Mo... . A r iz ... 2 Mont.. Ark__ 37 Nebr. . Cal......... Nev.... Colo... 3 N.H... Conn. .16 N ,J,... D a k .. . 7 N.Mex. Del. . .20 N.Y. .. D.C. ..19 N.C.... Fla-----31 Ohio .. Ga.......15 Id a --- 5 111... R. Ind----40 S. C. . . Iowa ..36 Tenn.. Kans. .39 Tex.... Ky. . ..43 Utah.. La-----17 Vt___: Me... .23 Va.......: Md... .27 Wash.Mass. .11 W.Va.Mich. .26 Wis.-.. Minn. .34 Wyo... Miss. .22 25* &e g.\ 11 1 a 22.57 12.59 09. 00. . 06.12 03.03 01.19 02.19 00.68 01.90 erm ont. est W S o u t h C a r o l in a . Total agriculture.................................................................... Agricultural laborers.......................................................... Farmers and planters......................................................... Total professional and personal services............................. Laborers................................................................................ Domestic servants............................................................... Launderers and Laundresses........................................... . Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining............... Total trade and transportation............................................ Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores................... 5* 20* a s h in g t o n . W Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining............. Cotton, silk, and woolen-mill operatives....................... Unclassified in manufacturing, mechanical, and mining Total professional and personal services........................ Laborers— ...................................................................... Domestic servants............................................................ Total trade and transportation......................................... Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores............... Total agriculture.................................................................. Farmers and planters...................................................... 27.82 W. Va. 28.49 Tenn.. 29.04 Ohio .. 31.10 31.53 $is.\ " 31.73 Mo_ 31.96 _ Ind— 32.10 Kans.. 32.35 . .... 32.48 Ark. .. 32.48 Iowa.. 32.52 Va....... 32.68 Minn.. 32.68 Tex. .. 32.80 Nebr. . 33.73 Fla---- 33.97 Pa----- 34.00 N.Mex. 34.14 N.C. -. 34.31 U .S .a 34.68 Md. ... 34.70 Mich. . 34.77 35.09 Vt. . . . 35.69 Me_ |35.75 _ Miss. . 36.72 N.Y. .. 37.08 Del. . . 37.23 D.C. .. 37.51 Oreg. . 38.53 La. . . . 38.64 Conn.. 38.76 Ga....... 38.77 A la.... 39.03 S.C. . . 39.38 W a s h . - 40.10 Mass. . 40.42 N.H... 41.06 R .I.... 42.30 Wyo. . 42.73 D a k . .. 42.79 Cal. . . . 43.54 I d a . . . 47.77 Nev. .. 51.77 Colo... 52.10 A riz. . 55.07 Mont. - 56.83 15* Ut a h . ork Total agriculture.................................-................................... Agricultural laborers............................................................ Farmers and planters............................................................ Total professional and personal services............................... Domestic servants............................. ................................... Laborers................................................................................ Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining................... Carpenters and joiners......................................................... Total trade and transportation............................................. Traders and dealers.............................................................. Utah.. 10* exas. 15.92 12.52 01.47 11.82 05.79 03.35 02.61 03.66 01.25 02.72 Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.................. Tailors, tailoresses, milliners, and dressmakers.................. Total professional and personal services............................... Laborers.................................................................................. Domestic servants............................................................... Total agriculture...................................................................... Farmers and planters.................................. - ..................... Agricultural laborers............................................................ Total trade and transportation............................................. Clerks, salesmen, and accountants in stores.................... T S C A LE : 5* T Total professional and personal services....----------------Laborers.................................................................. ............. Domestic servants................................................................. Total Agriculture.................................................................... Farmers and planters.......................................................... Agricultural laborers............................................................ Stock-raisers, drovers, and herders................................... Total manufacturing, mechanical, and mining.................. Miners..................................................................................... Total trade and transportation............................................. Per Cent. 30* N e w M e x ic o . N ew Y (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) 45* I . . .. J Z X P I i A . N ’A . T O l t Y .—The design o f this exhibit is to point out the most numerously followed occupations in each state, and to 6how in addition the exten t to which they are respectively followed. It also furnishes a general analysis o f total occupations in each state. The ratios are based on the total population and not upon the population over ten years o f age, as in the preceding exhibits. The term “ laborers,” as here used, is thus explained in the Census R ep o rt: In the agricultural districts many enumerators have reported ‘ agricultural laborers’ simply as ‘ laborers.’ ” 50* 55* tfc. Wash. ■Mass. 60* ■■N.H. ^Sm W yo. m— m D a k . — ^M lCal mlda. ■Nev. — Colo. A riz. mmMont. Ratio of 1870, 32.43#. Persons Engaged in Useful Occupations, by Four Principal Divisions, 1880. F'finales. Males. U. S. Born. 59,364 631,988 1,361,295 594,510 1,750,892 3,205,124 2,712,943 7,075,983 1,351,695 2,611,325 3,076,768 6,857,664 Principal Divisions. Trade and transportation.......................................... Manufacturing, mechanical, and mining industries Professional and personal services........................... Agriculture.................................................................. Total. SC ALE: 500,000 Persons. I 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 5.000 ,000 1,810,256 3,837,112 4,074,238 7,670,493 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. 6 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 7, 000 ,000 2 5 * 80* IX —F inance and C ommerce. INDEX TO PLATES. TRUE VALUATION.................. .....................Plates 70-71 ANALYSIS OF EXPENDITURES, 1789-1880.. Plate 83 T o ta l; p e r C a p ita — b y S ta te s , 1 8 5 0 — 1 8 8 0 . R e tr o s p e c t, b y S t a t e s ; b y A g g r e g a t e s ; p e r C a p ita . G e n e r a l R e tr o s p e c t, 1 8 0 0 — 1 8 8 0 . O r d in a r y ; In te r e s t; W a r ; P e n s io n s ; In d ia n s ; N a v y ; C iv il a n d M is c e lla n e o u s . ASSESSED V A L U A T IO N ............................. Plate 72 P e r C a p ita , b y C o u n tie s ; b y S ta te s . T o ta l, b y S tates. RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES, PER CAP ITA, 1789-1880...................... .........................Plate 84 D e c e n n ia l I n c r e a s e o f P o p u la tio n . TAXATION, COMPARED WITH VALUATION .. Plate 73 R a tio , b y C o u n tie s ; b y S ta te s. T o ta l T a x a tio n , b y S ta te s. POSTAL SERVICE, 1790-1880......................... Plate 85 R e v e n u e ; E x p e n d it u r e ; T r a n s p o r t a t io n ; S a la r ie s . RATES OF LETTER POSTAGE, 1789-1880.. Plate 86 R e c e ip ts fro m S ta m p s , E tc ., b y S ta te s , 1 8 8 0 . E x p e n s e s a n d R e c e ip t s — E x c e s s of, b y S ta te s. TAXATION, PER CAPITA..................................P la te 74 B y C o u n tie s ; b y S tates. STATE AND LOCAL NET D E BT........: . ......... Plate 75 'COINAGE, 1793-1880..................................Plates 87-88 S ilv e r ; G o ld ; M in o r ; T o ta l. P e r C a p ita , b y C o u n tie s ; b y S ta te s . A g g r e g a t e , b y S tates. BANKING, 1790-1880...........................................Plate 89 M UNICIPAL NET DEBT.................................... Plate 76 P e r C a p ita , o f th e L a r g e s t 1 0 0 C ities. ANALYSIS OF STATE AND LOCAL D EBT.. Plate 77 S p e c ie ; C a p i t a l ; C ir c u la tio n ; L o a n s . CLEARING-HOUSE TRANSACTIONS, E tc ... Plate 90 B u s in e s s F a ilu r e s , 1 8 5 7 — 1 8 8 0 . N e w Y o r k C le a r in g - H o u s e , 18 5 4 — 18 8 0 . G o ld a n d C u r r e n c y V a lu e s , 1 8 6 2 — 18 8 0 . I n c r e a s e a n d D e c re a s e , b y S ta te s , 18 7 0 — 18 8 0 . B o n d e d D e b t; w h y I n c u r r e d ; R a t e s o f In terest. NATIONAL DEBT, 1790-1880............................ .Plate 78 T o t a l; p e r C a p ita . C la s s ific a tio n ; D is tr ib u tio n — 18 8 0 . EXPORTS, 1790-1880.......................................... Plate 91 T o t a l; D o m e s tic ; F o r e ig n ; M e r c h a n d is e ; S p e c ie . GOVERNMENT LOANS, 1777-1880................... Plate 79 ANALYSIS OF EXPORTS AND M e rc h a n d is e , b y C o n tin e n ts ; b y C o u n trie s. P r in c ip a l E x p o r t s ; G o ld a n d S ilv e r E x c h a n g e s . H is to r ic a l L is t ; A n n u a l Issu es a n d R e d e m p tio n s . RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES, 1789-1880, Plate 80 T o t a ls ; E x c e s s e s . IMPORTS, Plate 92 IMPORTS, 1789-1880............................................ Plate 93 T o t a l ; M e r c h a n d is e ; S p e c ie . ANALYSIS OF RECEIPTS, 1789-1880............... Plate 81 O r d in a r y ; C u s to m s ; In te r n a l R e v e n u e ; L a n d s ; D ir e c t T a x ; M is c e lla n e o u s . P u b lic INTERNAL R E V E N U E .........................................Plate 82 F r o m L iq u o r s ; fro m T o b a c c o — 18 8 0 . A n n u a l C o n s u m p tio n o f L iq u o rs . W h i s k e y — P r ic e s of, 1 8 2 5 — 18 8 0 . BALANCE OF TRADE. TA R IF F .......................Plate 94 B a la n c e o f T r a d e , 1 7 8 9 — 1 8 8 0 . R a tio o f D u tie s to Im p o rts, 1 8 2 1 — 1 8 8 0 . CARRYING TRADE, 1821-1880 .......................... Plate 95 In A m e r ic a n B o t t o m s ; in F o r e ig n B o tto m s. N a t io n a lit y o f T o n n a g e , 1 8 8 0 . Valuation.— The true valuation of property Accepting as correct Mr. Mulhall’s figures in the United States on June i, 1880, was regarding the wealth of other countries, the among the several states shows great variation, $43,642,000,000, or $870 per capita of the popu United both in absolute amount and in valuation lation. wealthiest nation upon the globe, its resources per capita. slightly exceeding those even of the mother by far the greater proportion, while the South ‘ country. has now, and has had since the close of the The following are the principal items contributing to this total: valu atio . n F a r m s ................................................................................................. $ 10 ,19 7 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 R e s id e n c e a n d b u s in e s s re a l e s ta te ............................... 9 ,8 81,000,000 R a ilr o a d s a n d e q u ip m e n t ................................... 5,536,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 T e le g r a p h s , s h ip p in g a n d c a n a ls .................................... 2,406,000,000 The H o u s e h o ld f u r n itu r e , p a in t in g s , b o o k s , c lo th in g , j e w e l r y , h o u s e h o ld s u p p lie s o f f o o d , f u e l, e tc ., th e annual p ro d u ct e s tim a te d 78 1,000,000 A l l r e a l e s ta te e x e m p t fr o m 6,160 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 t a x a t i o n ........................... 2,000,000,000 S p e c i e .............................................................................................. 6 12,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 The remainder is made up of small mis vast wealth The following table shows 000 17 .1 6 9 .0 0 0 . 000 14 .7 9 2 .0 0 0 . 000 I t a l y ................................... 5 4 8 .0 0 0 . 000 4 5 6 .0 0 0 . 000 T u r k e y ............................. 369 .0 0 0 . 000 S w ed e n an d N o rw a y. 3 5 9 )000, 000 C anada ........................... 30 8.0 0 0 . 000 A u s t r a lia .......................... 238 .0 0 0 . 000 D e n m a r k ........................ of the population: 90 2.0 0 0 . 000 6 6 6.0 0 0 . 000 true valuation, in the aggregate and per capita 170 .0 0 0 . 000 13 2 .0 0 0 . 000 V aluation . P ercentage V aluation of T o tal . per C a pit a . N o r t h A t l a n t i c ............. $ 19 ,6 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 4 5 -° $ i ,3 5 3 S o u t h A t l a n t i c ............. 3 ,6 2 1,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 8.3 477 N o rth e rn C e n t r a l.. . . 14 ,74 7,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 33-8 S o u th e rn C e n t r a l. . . . 3 ,6 4 1,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 8-3 W e s t e r n ............................. 2,003,000,000 4.6 T o t a l ................. $ 4 3 ,6 4 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 0 0 .0 850' , 408 i , i 33 O P o r t u g a l .......................... G roup . 00 cellaneous items. this the distribution by groups of states, of the 29 .4 6 4.0 0 0 . B e l g i u m .......................... avera ge of Generally speaking, the North has total valuation. G e r m a n y .......................... H o l l a n d .......................... tu r e a n d m a n u fa c t u r e s , a n d o f t h e im p o r ts s u p p ly o n h a n d .............................................................. $ 4 3 )4 5 6 )000;000 3 5 , 9 7 2 ,°°© ,000 S p a in ................................. T h r e e - fo u r t h s o f th e a n n u a l p r o d u c ts o f a g r ic u l o f f o r e i g n g o o d s , e s tim a te d a s th e G r e a t B r it a i n ............... distribution Civil War, a comparatively small part of the A u s t r i a ............................. a s th e a m o u n t o n h a n d . ......................................................... Mr. Mulhall’s R u s s ia ............................... M in e s , p e t r o le u m w e lls a n d q u a r r ie s , w ith o n e h a lf following are V aluation , 188 0 . F r a n c e ............................ 5,000,000,000 is, in absolute amount, the estimates: 4 19 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 L i v e s t o c k , f a r m in g t o o ls a n d m a c h in e r y ............. .. States The SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS. lxx In 1880 the total assessed valuation was cent. These rates of increase are, however, Taxation.— The aggregate amount of $16,902,993,543, or 38^ per cent, of the true swollen by the fact that the valuation of 1870 direct taxes levied in 1880 for state, county, valuation. is, as was noted above, expressed in depre school-district and municipal purposes, was ation differed widely in different states (and ciated currency. $312,750,721— an average of $6.23 per capita even among different counties in the same in i860 $12,084,560,005, being nearly 75 per of the population. state), ranging from 68— per cent, in Wyoming, cent, of the true valuation, thus showing a of the total assessed valuation, and o.£, per to 25^ in Illinois. continued increase of this ratio, as we trace cent, of the true valuation. closely the ratio of urban to total population, our history backwards. Real estate at this whether expressed absolutely, per capita of the illustrating the well-known fact that assessment date was assessed at $6,973,006,049, and per population, or as a percentage of the assessed, is higher in cities than in the rural districts. sonal estate at $5,111,553,956— the two having or of the true valuation, was greatest where O f the total assessed valuation, 77^ per cent, relative proportions of 58 and 42 per cent, the urban population was largest. was classed as real estate, and 22^ as personal respectively, relative illustrated in the following table, showing, in property. increase, as we go backward, in the element each state, the ratio of urban to total popu of personal estate. lation, the tax per capita and the ratio of tax It appears to follow quite The low valuation of the latter a continued A s a rule, taxation, another, as it is well known that, taking the nessed, as a result of the Civil War, a great country as a whole, the proportions of the financial two classes of property are in reality nearly war and of 4,000,000 slaves, equal. which had a value, at the lowest estimate, of Per Cent. $30,068,518,507, an average of $780 to each inhabitant. The ratio of increase of absolute freeing the ravages of $1,250,000,000, the states of the South were impoverished; and from holding a high rank in respect to wealth, in proportion to popula wealth from 1870 to 1880 was 45 per cent., and tion, of wealth per capita, In other During this decade the assessed valuation of words, the increase of wealth was greater, in this the Northern and W estern States increased 56 ii£ per cent. proportion, than that of population. Indeed, they fell to the bottom of the scale. per cent., while that of the former slave states diminished 33^ per cent. to the fact that values were, in 1870, expressed the Northern and Western States increased in a currency depreciated to the extent of 159 per cent., while the South lost over 18 per about one-fifth. cent. The assessed valuation was $14,178,986,732, showing an increase of 19 per cent, from 1870 to 1880, which, as will be noted, is very much less than in the case of the true valuation. The ratio which the assessed bore to the true valuation was much In true valuation In South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Texas the estimated true valu ation in 1870 was less than half that in i860. In 1850 the statistics of valuation were for the first time obtained. Tw o sets of figures have been published, each purporting to repre greater than in 1880, being no less than 47 per sent the true valuation at that date. cent. larger of these has been generally accepted as The two constituents of the assessed valuation, real estate and personal property, approximating more closely to the truth. The It stood in the relation of 70 and 30 per cent, may be added, however, that this estimate is, respectively, the former being less and the latter in all probability, considerably less than the greater, proportionally, than in 1880. Indeed, personal property showed a large absolute decrease in valuation from 1870 to 1880, being true valuation of the country. This estimate was $7,135,780,228, or an average of $308 per capita. The rate of increase between 1850 in the former year $4,264,205,907, and in the and i860 was 126^ per cent., and the increase latter but $3,866,266,618. per capita 67 per cent. There is no doubt whatever, not only that there was, during the The estimates of valuation prior to 1850 decade, no decrease of this species of property, were deduced by me from such data as were but an increase comparable with that of real accessible, which were indicative, more or less estate, which increased at the rate of 31 per directly, of the progress cent, during the decade. wealth. The reason for this of the country in 21 26 $7.99 II 7-77 5-25 2.20 1.64 2.01 1.03 0.82 0.60 66 13.64 I -53 77 54 54 52 39 9-74 1.07 1.64 2.13 8.62 II.O9 7.92 6.68 4.12 5.82 8.27 29 39 90 12 8 i -56 0.64 0.63 0.74 0.63 1.70 °-53 I.O I 0.44 0.63 0.66 0.67 0.67 I.O9 1.48 3-07 3-33 i -37 1-5 ° i -47 1.85 2.08 2.25 1.63 2 .II 4.68 i -37 i -34 1.96 1.68 2.16 2.74 7 C O N * the increase was greater even than this, owing Maine.................................. New Hampshire................... Vermont............................... Massachusetts....................... Rhode Island....................... Connecticut.......................... New York............................ New Jersey.......................... Pennsylvania........................ Delaware.............................. Maryland.............................. District of Columbia............ Virginia................................ West Virginia....................... North Carolina..................... South Carolina..................... Georgia................................ Florida................................. Alabama............................... Mississippi............................ Louisiana............................. Texas.................................. Arkansas.............................. Tennessee............................ Kentucky.............................. Ohio.................................... Indiana................................ Illinois................................. Michigan.............................. Wisconsin............................. Minnesota............................. Iow a.................................... Missouri............................ .. Kansas................................. Nebraska.............................. Dakota................................ Montana.............................. Wyoming.............................. Colorado.............................. New Mexico........................ Arizona............................... Utah.................................... Nevada................................. Idaho................................... Washington.......................... Oregon................................. California............. ............ Per Cent. Pert ent. O b o *4 ^ In 1870 the true valuation was estimated at the By R atio of T ax to A ssessed V aluation . The decade between i860 and 1870 wit revolution. This is to assessed and to true valuation: escape taxation, through one means or P er C a pit a T ax. to showing Taxation was 1^ per cent, R atio OF URBAN TO T o tal P opulation . illustrates the tendency of this class of property The assessed valuation was R atio of T ax to T rue V aluation . The ratio of assessed to true valu 2 7 2.29 1.81 14 3-15 28 8.05 6.24 i -43 2.13 1.32 1.48 1.68 1.70 3 7 8 9 5 3 24 17 27 22 7-99 5-27 5-77 5-57 21 17 12 6.81 23 8 II O O O 3i 6 39 O 1.67 i -73 1.68 2.77 i -93 3.10 3.08 3-54 2-35 9.80 11.07 11.07 1.06 2.06 1.69 2.89 7-25 3.16 1.76 2.98 4-74 o-43 0.62 0.58 0.64 °-55 0.74 1.04 0.63 o-75 0.42 o-59 0.78 0.82 0.80 0.63 0.78 0.68 0.78 0.67 0.87 0.96 O.7O 1.32 I *I5 3-°4 1.44 0.42 1.27 0.65 1.26 1.63 6-73 6-37 2.12 2.12 14.60 2.16 0.88 0.88 3.02 14.00 6.01 O IO 40 3-!3 5.00 6.17 18 19 1.23 1.12 i- ° 5 Am ong these were exports, imports, It will be at once seen that the amount apparent decrease in personal estate is to be customs duties, capital in banking, bank circu of taxation was greatest per capita of pop found in the large and increasing amounts of lation, tonnage, and expenses of the govern ulation in the states of the North Atlantic this class exempted by law, and in the ease with ment. group, while, leaving out of consideration the which assessment and taxation of this class of rates of increase, by property may be evaded. approximate valuation at these early periods the states was obtained from the more recent Census were reports. In i860 the true valuation was reported as $16,159,616,068, or $514 per capita. The A consideration of these data furnished means of which the W estern group, which was sparsely peopled, of the taxed to a Northern secondary Central group extent. The A discussion of the method and Southern States were, in proportion to pop increase from i860 to 1870 was at the rate of results was published in the International ulation, 85^ per cent., and the increase per capita 52 per Review for May, 1882. the most lightly taxed. The greater wealth of the Northern States offsets F IN A N C E COMMERCE . lxxi in a measure, this difference of per capita elsewhere, and smallest in the Southern States, The following table shows the total gross taxation, so with, however, certain notable exceptions, as tion, and that, in proportion to valua especially to true valuation, the difference in taxation between the northern W est Virginia, AND 36^; Arkansas, 30^; and still existing, was not by any means as marked State Indebtedness.— The total indebt as in proportion to population. In proportion edness of states in 1880 was $260,179,723, the to assessed valuation, there were a number sinking fund $25,743,462, and the net indebted of notable exceptions to the above generaliza ness $234,436,261. tion. the condition of this class of indebtedness at ratio of taxation to assessed valuation was The following table shows the several periods named: in the states of Illinois, Kansas and Nebraska, where it exceeded 3 per cent.; while among the Southern States, Louisiana, having rates of taxation exceeding 2 per cent, of the assessed valuation. In nearly all these cases, however, it will be seen that the ratio of assessed to true valuation of property, was very low. The excess of taxation Northern States T otal Y ear. P er C e n t , of In crease or D ecrease. D ebt. municipal governments, which, as $ 18 39 14 1 , 228,390 1841 18 53 + 3 4 -3 189 , 710,399 1 9 2 ,8 5 2 ,3 3 3 + i- 7 860 257 , 406,939 1870 351 , 296,784 1880 + 3 3 -5 260, 179,723 i + 3 6 -5 - 25-9 in the was mainly produced by known, are expensive luxuries. • Mississippi and Arkansas occupied unenviable positions, is well O f the total 1841. i860. 1853. 188O. 1870. Tennessee, 33^ per cent. and southern parts of the country, although Excluding the territories, the highest debt of the states at the periods named: In 1790 an act was passed by Congress by virtue of which the state obligations were assumed by the General Government. The amount of taxes levied in 1880, nearly one- relieved was $18,271,786, most, if not all, of shown below: $1,734,861 None. None. 5 , 4 2 4 ,13 7 None. None. 21,797,267 None. 33,301,013 None. 15,214,761 4,037,200 Arkansas............ Tennessee.......... Kentucky.......... Ohio................... Indiana.............. Illinois............... Michigan............ Wisconsin.......... Iowa................... Minnesota......... Missouri............ 5,676,000 10,546,166 10,454,500 10,924,123 12,751,000 13,527,292 5,611,000 None. None. Nebraska........... •••••••• California.......... .............. which had been incurred in the prosecution None. 3,691,234 1 , 30 9 ,7 5 0 4,000,000 15,400,000 7,000,000 23,985,000 ....... 842,261 total amount of which the states wrere thus half was for the support of municipalities, as M aine........ — New Hampshire. Vermont............ Massachusetts... Rhode Island... Connecticut. . . . New York.......... New Jersey........ Pennsylvania . . . Delaware........... Maryland............ Virginia.............. West Virginia... North Carolina.. South Carolina.. Georgia.............. Florida............... Alabama............ Mississippi........ Louisiana.......... $471,500 74,899 None. 6,445,000 None. None. 24,323,838 None. 40,272,235 None. 1 5 , 356,224 12,089,382 $699,500 50,087 199,636 7,132,627 None. None. 33 , 570,238 None. 37,969,846 None. 14,876,958 33,248,141 2,224,000 $8,067,900 $5,848,900 2,817,869 3,501,100 139,000 1,002,500 28,270,881 33,029,824 2,913,500 2 , 534,500 7,275,900 4,967,600 32,409,144 8,988,360 2,996,200 1,996,300 31,111,662 21,561,990 880,750 None. 1 3 , 3 17,47 5 11,277,111 4 7 , 390,83 9 29 , 34 5,22 6 None. None. 29,900,000 5,706.616 7,665,909 6,639,171 6,544,500 9 , 9 5 1,5 0 0 1,288,697 1,284,980 8,478,018 9,638,765 1,796,230 379.48 5 25,021,734 2 3 , 4 3 7 ,6 4 0 508,641 5,566,928 9,129,505 1,925,893 4,046,540 2,802,472 2,670,750 383,000 None. 4,497,666 3,445,000 7,271,000 5,753,413 9,589,207 4,561,108 None. 5,441,528 4,103,056 3,092,622 3 ,45 9,55 7 5 ,045,405 3,653,856 20,898,606 38 , 539,802 2 7 , 44 0,43 1 3,892,480 1,858,008 5 , 5 7 1,29 7 5 ,4 7 9 ,244 6 ,474,305 1 5 , 542,549 16,927,834 9,732,078 7,712,880 10,179,267 4,167,507 4,998,178 * 17,000,000 10,277,161 4,890,937 905,150 2,316,328 2,385,028 2 , 35 9,55 1 68,200 2,252,057 100,000 None. 55,000 370,435 3 5 1,9 3 2 534,498 350,000 2,565,000 318,636 802,000 25 , 9 5 2,00 0 17,866,000 16,259,000 None. 1 . 503,306 1,181,975 4 9 9,26 7 52,960 247,30 0 212,814 642,894 75 ,396 511,376 106,583 None. 3,267,300 3,824,000 3,429,027 3,403,000 * Not returned. of the Revolutionary W ar. C l a ss of A mount T ax. of P ercentage of T o tal T a x . T ax. until 1820, but very few state incurred. § C o u n t y .................................................. 52, 019,955 16 .6 6 6 9 ,6 0 6 ,5 7 1 S t a t e .......................... ............................ 22.25 | i 8 o, 5 7 4 , i 6 8 Local Indebtedness.— The local net debt of the United States, consisting of county, the fever for internal improve township, municipal and school-district indebt- ments, which raged until the financial panic ness, amounted in 1880 to $822,147,885, or of 1837-8. | 12 .4 9 S c h o o l - D i s t r i c t ............................... debts were A t that date may be said to have $16.39 f°r each man>woman and child in the commenced 48.60 M u n i c i p a l .......................................... From that time Within this period stocks were issued by the several states amounting alto country. gether to $174,306,994, three-fifths of which reported at $515,810,060, or $13.38 per capita. unclassified amounts, the total of the above were issued between 1835 and 1838. Most of The increase between 1870 and 1880 was 59 table falls short of the total amount of taxes these bonds were issued in aid of canals and per cent., which was at a rate nearly double levied in 1880, as stated on the preceding railroads, to facilitate internal communication. that of the increase page. The financial troubles of 1837 and succeeding increase was entirely in the municipal, township years placed several of the states in a bad and school-district debts, as shown in the is very light, as in those states the county has financial position. following table: little except judicial functions to perform— most threatened to refuse, to pay their debts, among of the administrative functions being performed them by the town and city organizations, for which Michigan, the great bulk of the tax is levied. The General Government was appealed to, to In the New England States the county tax In New Several of them refused, or Pennsylvania, Louisiana, Maryland, Indiana and T o tal . States, the subject was greatly agitated in Congress, where the mixed or compromise system of but without result, as the whole matter was local government prevails, the county taxes indefinitely postponed. County debt.............. $187,565,540 generally and Pennsylvania, in the Northern Central Municipal, township and school-district debt....................... 328,244,520 This P er C a p it a . T o tal . P er C a p it a . $4.86 $123,877,686 $2.47 * -3 4 8.51 698,270,199 13.92 113 1880. 1870. Illinois. assume the state debts a second time, and New Jersey population. Mississippi, and York, in net debt was P er C ent . I ncrease . Owing to the omission here of certain In 1870 the local * The minus sign indicates a decrease. It will be noticed that the large map in Plate 75 relates only to county, township, are, proportionally, much greater in amount; Between 1841 and 1853 the amount of state and in the Southern States, where the county debts increased but slightly, while from the municipal and school-district debt, the state is the unit of organization, the taxes for its latter date to i860 a large increase was made. debt proper not being included, while upon support are, next to state taxes, the largest This was mainly in the Southern States, and the small map the latter is combined with in amount. was largely incurred in support of projects for the local debt. O f the total amount raised by taxation railroad and other internal improvements. Local indebtedness is distributed in much This The great increase between i860 and 1870 the same manner as local taxation. proportion varied greatly in the different states, was, of course, due to the war, since which time body of it, especially in the North Atlantic ranging from to the states have been engaged in paying off or States, is made up of municipal debt. Generally speaking, it was otherwise disposing of the obligations thereby county debt in New England is trifling in incurred. amount, while the town and city debt com 22% per cent, was for school purposes. 3 7 in Iowa. 124 per cent, in Texas greater in the Northern Central States than The great The SC R IB N E R S STA TISTICA L A T L A S lxxii The net increase of national indebtedness sustained, while a debt was accumulated which, of these nations was more than $6,000,000,000, had the interests at stake been less, would New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, but or 36 per cent. have staggered the nation by the mere con the item of county debt becomes proportion estimates that population ally somewhat larger. per cent., public wealth, io £ per cent., and close of the war, the indebtedness amounted to through the Northern Central States the item the earnings of nations, 19^ per cent. It is $2,773,200,000, an amount nearly twenty-two of municipal indebtedness decreases with the unnecessary to point out the apparent fact times as great as the debt at the close of the decrease in urban population, while the county that the nations of the globe, war of 1812, and nearly thirty-seven times debt becomes proportionally greater. collectively, are living beyond their income. prises nearly the whole amount of the local indebtedness. The case is very similar in Proceeding westward In the In this period Mulhall has increased 9^ considered templation of its amount. that caused by the Revolution. Reduction Southern States the local indebtedness consists In 1866, at the commenced at once, and on Historical Sketch of the National Debt.— A t the time of the adoption of the July 1, 1876, the debt was but $2,180,000,000. Constitution, and the inception of the present arations for resumption and continuing until form of government, it inherited from the old 1879, when the debt confederation, as a fruit of the Revolutionary 500,000. indebted war, a debt of $75,400,000, in round numbers. with still greater rapidity, while by refund ness of the United States on July i, 1880, was For many years thereafter this proved a heavy ing the several $2,120,415,371. A s a debtor this country stands load for its infantile resources, and it was lower rates of interest, the burden of the debt high among the nations. not until 1805 that any material reduction was has been still further diminished. is excelled only by France ($3,829,982,399), made. From that time until the opening of interest amounted in 1865 to $150,977,697.87. Great Britain ($3,766,671,000), Russia ($3,318,- the war of 1812, the debt was steadily reduced, In 1880 it was but $79,633,981.00, a decrease 953,000), Italy and in that year amounted to but $45,200,000. of 45 per cent., while the principal has been, ($2,540,313,000), while twelve civilized nations This war swelled it rapidly, so that four years in the same interval, diminished 24 per cent. are later it had risen to $127,300,000. Under The national debt in 1880 was $42.28 per capita and the rapid of the population, and the yearly interest, $1.59. almost entirely of county debt, that of muni cipalities being very small. of local indebtedness The total amount in these states is decidedly less than in the Northern States. The National Debt.— The Spain reported In this respect it ($2,579,245,000) as standing list. Of the aggregate ness of civilized and lower national nations in the indebted ($23,286,414,753), good financial management Then followed an increase, largely due to prep amounted to $2,349,- Since that time it has been reduced loans as they fell due, at The annual growth of resources it was steadily reduced, In until in 1835-6 there was not only no debt The National Debt in 1880.— 1870 the United States stood second in this but a surplus in the treasury, which proved The following statement shows the composi list, being excelled only by Great Britain, and then, as now, a source of far greater concern, tion of the principal of the public debt on the national debt at that time was 14^ per with politicians, than the former load of debt. June 30, 1880: cent, of the aggregate indebtedness of the The problem of disposing of the surplus funds civilized world. was at that time solved by distributing them that of this country is 9— per cent. During the decade between 1870 and 1880 the national debt has been 5 “ overtaken by the financial difficulties of 1837, This reduction is unparalleled in the financial history of nations. other countries which have The only reduced their which swept away nearly all income from certain deficit. ($66,796,000), Denmark ($I3 ,5 9 9 » 00)5 ($670,924,402) and That of Germany, D em and te n d e r C e r t if ic a t e s o f d e p o s i t ........................................... 14 ,4 6 5 ,0 0 0 G o l d a n d s i lv e r c e r t i f i c a t e s .. 2 0 ,3 78 ,8 70 F r a c t i o n a l c u r r e n c y ................ 7 ,2 1 4 ,9 5 4 T o t a l ......................................................... $ 3 8 8 ,8 0 0 ,8 15 increased it rapidly to among the several nations and states forming year 1851. It was quite as rapidly reduced, the treasury was $201,088,623, against which the federation. A ll other countries in the and in 1857 when the great business depres there were current liabilities amounting to civilized have sion occurred, it was but $28,700,000. The $55,648,165, leaving a balance of $155,440,458. during the decade, several of them to a very reduction of the revenues accompanying this The national debt, less the balance of cash in great extent, even in some cases without more again forced the country to borrow, and the the treasury, was $1,964,974,912. than of expenditure. outbreak of the Civil W ar found the United the expenses of the Franco- States with a debt of $90,600,000, and its credit the ordinary sources war, which le g a l duced by a distribution of the national debt their debts Mexican and n o t e s ............................................... $ 3 4 6 ,7 4 1 ,9 9 1 the increased the $ 7 ,6 2 1 ,4 5 5 D e b t b e a r in g n o i n t e r e s t : The debt grew slowly until of $ 1 ,7 2 3 ,9 9 3 ,1 0 0 M a tu r e d d e b t .................................................................... indeed, is but an apparent reduction, pro world outbreak 14,000,000 T o t a l .......................... T o meet it loans were author as a borrower. 250 ,000,000 N a v y p e n s io n f u n d ................... ized, and once more the Government appeared Germany 4 8 4 ,8 6 4,9 0 0 4 “ “ 7 3 7 ,9 8o> o° 8 R e f u n d i n g c e r t i f i c a t e s ......................................... 1,3 6 7 ,0 0 0 customs duties, and left the treasury to face a debts during the decade are Great Britain “ “ “ 4 sooner been completed than the country was 14^ per cent. 6 p e r c e n t , b o n d s .........................$ 2 3 5 ,7 8 0 ,4 0 0 among the states; a process which had no reduced by the amount of $360,257,057, or I n t e r e s t - b e a r in g d e b t : $68,300,000 in the T o t a l p r in c ip a l o f p u b l i c d e b t ................................... $ 2 ,1 2 0 ,4 1 5 ,3 7 0 At that date the amount of cash in This was in part due Distribution of the National Debt.— The registered bonds are held almost Russia has increased its to the fact that the revenue had for four years entirely in this country, only $27,894,350 out debt about $2,200,000,000 by the war with been far less than the expenses, and in part to of the total amount of $1,173,749,250, or 2.4 Turkey, by keeping up, in time of peace, the general feeling of uncertainty regarding the per cent., being held abroad at the dates for an future, action of the Government toward the which the by national aid to a vast system of railways. seceding states. were, for the 4 per cents, June 1; for the 4 ^ ’s, Spain, too, during a decade of peace, has of the Government distinctly outlined by the July 1; and for the 5’s, August 1, 1880. added nearly $1,200,000,000 to its load; Italy calls for men and means for carrying on a attempt was made to determine the distribution has added over $600,000,000, and Turkey nearly great war, than the national credit improved of the 6 per cent, registered bonds further than $700,000,000. very greatly at home, and was wonderfully to ascertain what portion of them was held France, with Prussian war, increased her debt than $1,500,000,000. immense military by more establishment, and in a very low condition. No sooner was the policy investigation was made. These No F IN A N C E A N D abroad. O f the 4, 4^ and 5’s held in this country, 43^ per cent, were held by individuals, COMMERCE. lxxiii livres, with other minor debts owing to France, from which revenue could be raised; with 5% O f the coupon bonds a much larger pro portion, 41^ per cent, was held abroad. enormous debt to hanging over the country, like a black incubus, $174,017 appears to have been obtained from and the country flooded with a depreciated Spain. paper currency. 33^ per cent, by national banks, and 23^ by other banks, insurance and trust companies, etc. what was at that time an per cent, stock was issued. In 1781 a secret loan amounting This was repaid in 1792 and 1793. The only relief could be but temporary, by incurring a still heavier load The The so-called French loan of 10,000,000 total amount of the national debt which was livres ($1,815,000) was in reality obtained in of debt for the future. held by other than citizens of this country, Holland, the King of France making himself evil day and to meet temporary necessities was, in 1880, $249,002,775, or 12^ per cent. responsible that the Holland loans of The map and its repayment. This took 1790 and 1791 upon Plate 78, place after the failure of repeated attempts to were authorized. per capita of the obtain loans in Holland on the credit of the American finances was, it appears that their United States. effect was little felt in the Holland money diagram showing the distribution population, of for It was to put off the the 4, 4yi and 5 per cent, The conditions of this loan, which was great body of this portion of the national debt should bear 4 per cent, interest, and be repaid were readily taken. is held in the North Atlantic group of states— in commencing American credit in Holland was, at that time, and that in the South and in the W est, except November 5, 1787. The United States, how fully as high as that of any European nation. ing California and Colorado, the amount held ever, found itself unable to commence the In the latter year a small loan was negotiated is in comparison repayment 1795 there at Antwerp, with so little difficulty that a remained due about $176,000, which was paid portion of it was withdrawn from the market in the 4 and subsequently placed at more advantageous mercial and trifling. The great com manufacturing states are those which give the principal financial support to the Government. These bonds are widely The annual in 1781, were installments, until 1792, and in that it market, as these loans at 5 per cent, interest registered bonds, proves unmistakably that the ten obtained Bad as the condition of per cent, stock issued that year. French loan of 6,000,000 livres Indeed, it appears that rates than before offered. distributed, being in the hands of no fewer ($1,089,000) was obtained upon these con The Holland loan of 1792, which was at 4 than 71,587 persons, besides those interested ditions:— that it bear interest at the rate of per cent, interest and to run for eleven years, in savings banks, etc., which have invested 5 per cent., commencing January 1, 1784, and was obtained for the purpose of liquidating largely in them. B y its very existence and wide that it be repaid in six annual installments, certain domestic debts of the Government. distribution, this bonded debt forms a power beginning January 1, 1785. This debt, however, That of 1793 was merely a re-loan or continua ful element of stability of the Government, and remained unpaid until tion of the first installment, then due, of the a guarantee of its financial soundness. cent, stock was issued in lieu thereof. 1795, when 5 y2 per This Holland loan of 1782. That of 1794 was for concluded the financial transactions with the the purpose of paying installments of matured debt French Government for the time being, as most debts and interest, and to provide for certain commenced with the existence of the nation. of the loans contracted for a number of years domestic debts. During the Revolution material assistance was thereafter were placed in Holland by private a blaze of war, and while this fact tended to received from France, at first in the form of bankers. increase American credit, it raised the price of gifts or subsidies from the Government, and showed, what scarcely needed demonstration, money. later in that of loans. that American credit was very low with the the loan was for eleven years. National Loans.— The national The subsidies amounted of loan France ” 1777. from was the “ Farmers-General negotiated secretly in A s France was not then prepared to The interest paid was 5 per cent, and Added to this difficulty was This was the last of the Holland loans. the fact that several European nations were in Their total amount was $13,000,000, $3,600,000 the Holland market endeavoring to place loans of which was borrowed under authority of at the same time. the Continental Congress, and $9,400,000 by worthy burghers. altogether to 10,000,000 livres ($1,815,000). The The first of these, or that of 1782, A t this time Europe was in This first loan was, however, was afraid to aid us openly, our application $2,000,000, to bear interest at 5 per cent., and for a loan of 1,000,000 livres ($181,500), at was to be redeemed in annual installments of 5 per cent., was referred by the Government to $400,000 each, to begin in 1792. In 1784 of temporary loans were effected, mainly for the “ Farmers-General,” a private corporation another loan was negotiated, but in order to small amounts, to meet immediate pressing which had undertaken to collect the revenues place this it was necessary to resort to the necessities. of the country and pay the Government a extraordinary expedient of a lottery in con from the banks fixed sum annually, by which the required nection with it. America, and of the United States, after the amount was supplied. at the rate of 4 per cent., to run seventeen French loan of This loan was to bear interest years and then to be redeemed in annual pay with the other French loans. The It was for the sum of They have all been finally taken This loan was settled up. the Federal Government. go to war with Great Britain, and therefore 18,000,000 livres ments, completed in six years thereafter. The redeemed. In 1789 and subsequent years, a number These loans were obtained mainly of New York, of North establishment of the latter in 1791. The 4 and 5 ^ per cent, stocks of 1795 were issued for the purpose of extinguishing ($3,267,000) was probably at first intended as loan of 1787 was apparently raised for the the French debt, which was effected. a subsidy rather than a loan. The money purpose of paying the interest on previous proposed at the same time to extinguish the was advanced at the rate of 750,000 livres loans, and that of 1788 for current expenses of Holland debt by similar means, converting it per month, and in 1782, the total having the Government at home and abroad. from a foreign to a domestic debt, but the reached 15,000,000 livres, 3,000,000 more were The Government of the United States, attempt failed, the private holders It was of the which went into operation on April 30, 1789, Holland debt proving less easy to deal with The found its financial affairs in all but a hopeless than the French Government. greater part of this loan was repaid between condition; the country impoverished, no means The issue of the 6 per cent, stock of 1796 was 1791 and 1795, and for the balance, 4,186,776 of raising revenue, and almost no sources an unsuccessful attempt to borrow $5,000,000 added, and the whole loan bore interest thereafter at 5 per cent, per annum. SCRIBNER'S STA TISTICA L ATLAS. lxxiv for the purpose of repaying temporary loans notes, also, to the amount of $5,000,000 were which $11,699,326.63 was received, showing made by the Bank of North America. issued in the same year. an average attempted loan The Toward the close of , discount of about 4* per cent. was a failure, because the the year, a deficit in the treasury appearing It was redeemed in the years between 1817 country was at that time flooded with Govern probable, a further loan of $7,500,000 was and 1835. ment securities, while money was commanding ordered and negotiated at a discount of 11.75 loan was also secured. rates of interest considerably in excess of that per cent. offered. from January 1, 1814. It was redeemable in twelve years Under this act a small temporary In 1820, to meet an anticipated deficit in Early in 1814 treasury the treasury, a loan of $3,000,000 was author The Navy 6 per cent, stock was issued in notes, running one year from date of issue, to ized, which was obtained, one-third at 5 per payment for vessels purchased for the navy bear interest at the rate of 5’- per cent., were cent, and two-thirds at 6 per cent, interest. in 1798. authorized, to the amount of $10,000,000. In 1821, under a similar condition of affairs, A loan, at 6 per cent., of $25,000,000 was also a loan of $5,000,000 was effected. were incurred for the purpose of providing authorized. Under this act three loans were of these deficits appears to have been the against a possible war with France, which at negotiated, the financial panic and distress of 1819. that time appeared imminent. per cent., nearly all of which was obtained time the ease with which money could be at a discount of a second obtained with the ample security offered by The 8 per cent, loans of 1798 and 1800 The Louisiana 6 per cents were issued in 1803, in payment to Louisiana. to semi-annually, be paid redeemed in annual The 20 per cent.; A t this the of $6,000,000, most of which was obtained at the Government, was shown by the fact that interest was the same discount, and the smaller sum of the latter loan, bearing 5 per cent, interest, stock $746,403.31, for which was received in cash yielded a premium of over 5% per cent. and amounts $10,000,000, at 6 for France territory of first for The cause the of not less In 1822 an attempt was made to exchange $652,534.36. The so-called Mississippi stock was issued a stock bearing 5 per cent, interest for a in 1814, in satisfaction of certain claims of part of the 6 and 7 per cent, stocks, maturing corporations and individuals to lands in the in the years 1825 and 1826. stocks of 1807 were issued in exchange for old western part of Mississippi territory. was a failure, only a trifling proportion of these 6 per cents, deferred stocks and 3 per cents, of stock bore no interest, and was redeemable at which $50,850,000 were at that time outstand the pleasure of the Government. than $3,000,000, beginning fifteen years after the treaty of cession. The exchanged and converted 6 per cent, This This attempt stocks being exchanged. In 1824 a 4.% per cent, loan was negotiated for the purpose of settling the title with Spain but In December, 1814, a temporary loan was $9,!53,9°1— showing that, in the majority of obtained from the banks, and a new issue of to cases, the holders preferred the old stocks to treasury notes, redeemable in one year, and that country. the new. bearing interest at the rate of 5^ per cent., was per cent, was made. This issue amounted to $8,318,400. redeeming a part of the 6 per cent, stock of Early in 1815 an act authorizing a tem 1812, and $4,454,727.95 of the 6 per cents ing. . O f these there were exchanged In 1810 and 1812 loans were obtained, at 6 per cent., for meeting deficits in the income that portion of Louisiana contested by In the same year a loan at 4^ effected for the purpose of of 1813 were exchanged for 4 per cents. payable porary loan, in anticipation of the amount to within six years from January 1, 1811, and the be raised by a direct tax, was passed, but news latter, at the pleasure of the Government, at of the treaty of peace with Great Britain, which redemption of another portion of the 6 per any time after the expiration of twelve years reached this country shortly after the passage cents of 1813, an act was passed authorizing a from January 1, 1813. of the act, rendered it unnecessary, and but loan of $12,000,000 at 4 authorized a loan of $11,000,000, of which, about $200,000 were raised under it. In the to the low rate of interest offered, this loan was however, only $8,134,700 was obtained. same year a temporary loan of $225,000 was not a success, and the amount of 6 per cents effected of 1813 exchanged for it was but little over of the country. The former was The act of Congress In 1812 treasury notes to the amount of for the purpose of rebuilding the In 1825, in order to provide for the per cent. Owing $1,500,000. $5,000,000 were issued, in anticipation of a still Capitol and W hite House, destroyed by the further deficit in the treasury. These notes British during their occupation of Washington. In 1836 the country was, for the first time bore interest from the date of issue, at the The estimated deficiency in the revenue for in its history, out of debt, and with a revenue greatly in excess of its requirements. In the rate of 5f per cent., and were redeemable in the year 1815 was over $41,000,000. one year from date of issue. was passed February 24, providing for an issue following year, however, the financial crash of $25,000,000 in treasury notes, under which induced a different aspect of affairs. $4,969,400 were issued in denominations of diminution in customs duties left a deficit in $100 and over, bearing interest at 5^ per cent., the treasury, which was relieved by the issue and $3,392,994 in lesser denominations, without of treasury notes to the amount of $10,000,000. war with Great Britain, comparatively large interest. These were received in payment of customs amounts were necessarily raised by loan and seven per cent, stocks respectively. by the issue of treasury notes. In 1813 a close of the war, although expenses had been reissued, hence, during the three following loan of $16,000,000 was authorized, without greatly reduced and the income of the Govern years, the income of the Government was very limit as to rate of interest to be given, nor was ment had increased, the demand for money much reduced. it stipulated that it should be floated at par. to meet loans falling due, and to redeem years 1839, 1840 and 1841, acts were passed It was redeemable at the pleasure of the treasury notes which were daily coming in, authorizing the reissue of these notes and an Government. rendered another loan a necessity. increase in the amount. In the same year new 6 per cent, stock was issued to the amount of $2,984,746.72, to replace old 6 per cent, and deferred stock. During the next three years, owing to the The full amount was raised at A n act These were redeemable in six and A t the Accord duties, and, The great under the law, could not be T o provide for deficits in the These were merely the interest rate of 6 per cent. W ith a small ingly an act was passed and approved March 3, temporary expedients, and in 1841 a loan of portion of it an annuity, at 1 per cent, per 1815, providing for a loan of $18,452,800, which $12,000,000 wa$ authorized at 6 per cent., annum for thirteen years, was added. Treasury was floated to the extent of $12,288,147.56, for payable three years after January 1, 1842. 4 F IN A N C E AND COMMERCE. lxxv Under this act $5,672,976.88 was obtained. notes not having proved sufficient to prevent $20,000,000, at 6 per cent, interest. Owing to the small amount realized from this a deficiency, a loan of $20,000,000 was nego February 12, 1862, authorized $10,000,000 more loan a deficiency was still apprehended, and to tiated at a small premium, ranging from 2 to 7 of treasury notes. meet it the treasury notes were reissued, and per cent. The stock bore interest at 5 per treasury notes were issued to the amount of an additional cent. In i860 it became necessary to provide $389,351,100— the bonds bearing interest at but longer time to run, was authorized, while the for the redemption of a large amount of 6 per cent., although 7 per cent, was authorized time of the former loan was extended. By treasury notes, and accordingly an act was by the act. these means the sum of $8,301,468.23 was passed providing for a loan of $21,000,000. The act authorizing the issue of the “ five- obtained. In August, 1842, and again in 1843, O f this amount $10,000,000 was put upon the twenties” of 1862 provided for a loan of authority to reissue treasury notes was given, market at 5 per cent., and subscribed for at $500,000,000, redeemable after five years and and in the latter year a loan to the amount once, but before the- delivery of the bonds the payable after twenty years. of $7,004,231.35 was effected outbreak of the rebellion interest at 6 per cent, and were free from loan of $5,000,000, having a for the pur induced a large A n act of Under these acts, bonds and The bonds bore proportion of the subscribers to withdraw their taxation. subscriptions, even at the cost of forfeiting when the subscription books were closed, it Mexico, there was an impending deficit in the their deposits. was found that $11,000,000 above the amount treasury. the treasury notes, which was done pose of cancelling these treasury notes. In 1846, in consequence of the war with T o prevent this, treasury notes to This necessitated the reissue of the amount of $7,687,800 were issued, and a extent of $10,010,900, at loan amounting to $4,999,149.15 was negoti to the various rates of interest, from 6 to 12 per cent. This loan was so freely taken, that asked had been subscribed, and additional legislation was had to authorize its issue. It was an extremely popular loan, as it was issued In the same year a small amount of The Oregon war debt consisted of bonds at in bonds of small denominations, and great 5 per cent, stock, known as the Mexican 6 per cent., issued in payment for services and care was taken to distribute it widely among the Indemnity stock, was issued in payment of for expenses incurred in Indian wars in Oregon people. certain claims of American citizens against between 1855 and 1858. the amount of this loan, so that the total ated. Mexico, which had been assumed by this A t this time, owing to internal troubles, the Further legislation slightly increased amount issued was $514,771,600. The act The authorizing this loan also made provision for In 1847 treasury notes to the amount of loan of February, 1861, necessitated by an a temporary loan of $25,000,000 at 5 per cent. $26,122,100 were issued to meet an expected expected deficit in the treasury, which bore This provision was subsequently extended by deficit in the treasury, and, later in the same interest at the rate of 6 per cent., was nego legislation, repeatedly, and under it temporary year, stock to the amount of $28,230,350 was tiated only at a discount which netted $89.03 loans were effected, amounting in the aggregate issued, most of it at a small premium, in part for each $100. to $716,099,247.16. to prevent a deficit, and same reason, authority was given country. credit of the Government was very low. in part for the In the same year, and for the to issue In February, 1862, authority was given treasury notes, the amount of which was not to issue legal tender notes to the amount definitely limited. Under this authority notes of $150,000,000, and in July of that year, during the Mexican war, an act was to the amount of $35,364,450 were issued, an additional legislation increased the amount to passed in 1847 offering as a bounty, to all who amount greatly in excess of that contemplated $300,000,000. served for a year or more, a warrant for one by the act, although not in excess of its literal ized repeated reissues to a total amount of hundred and sixty acres of land or treasury rendering. $1,640,559,947. scrip for $100, and to those who served less necessary by the outbreak of the rebellion. 1862, provided that certificates of indebtedness than one year, a warrant for forty acres or This epoch in our history found the country bearing 5 per cent, might be issued in pay treasury scrip for $25, as each man might elect. with an empty treasury, a debt of $90,000,000, ment of audited accounts. These “ certificates It is unnecessary to say that the latter alterna which at that time seemed enormous, and of indebtedness” thus issued amounted to tives with its credit in a very low condition. $561,753,241.65. redemption of these treasury notes. In order to encourage the enlistment of men were chosen by but few, and the This large amount was rendered The amount of treasury scrip issued under this financial outlook, with an impending war of act was only $233,075. great magnitude, was not promising. A t the Subsequent legislation author A n act approved on March 1, The act authorizing the issue of fractional currency was passed March 3, 1863. It The w ar. with Mexico still continuing, it meeting of the extra session of Congress, in provided that the total amount. issued should became necessary during 1848 to take extra July, 1861, the Secretary of the Treasury sub not exceed $50,000,000. ordinary means to supply the needs of the mitted an estimate of the probable expenses subsequent legislation, fractional currency was army. For this purpose a loan of $16,000,000, of the year as $318,519,581, a sum which, large issued amounting to $368,720,079.51, including at 6 per cent., was ordered and negotiated at as it seemed, was $240,000,000 less than the reissues. a small premium. actual expenditures. Under this act and T o meet this exigency The act of March 3, 1863, provided for the The Texas indemnity stock was issued in an act was passed authorizing a loan to the issue of bonds to the amount of $300,000,000 1850, in order to pay the state of Texas for the amount of $250,000,000, either in the form of for the current fiscal year and $600,000,000 territory surrendered by her to the United bonds, at a rate of interest not greater than 7 for the next year, at 6 per cent., not taxable, States. per cent., and redeemable after twenty years, or and redeemable at any time after ten years, the in the form of treasury notes, payable in three interest to cease after forty years. from customs duties, produced by the financial years, with interest at 7^ per cent. the “ ten-forties.” panic, threatened a deficit in the treasury, and, was also given to issue treasury notes, pay the issue of $400,000,000 in treasury notes. to meet this, treasury notes to the amount of able on demand, or in one year with interest These bore interest at 5 per cent, and ran $52,778,900, including reissues, were issued. at 3^ per cent., to an amount not exceeding one or two years. In the following year, the issue of treasury $50,000,000, and to the additional amount of and coin certificates were authorized by the In 1857 the great decrease in the revenue t Authority These were This act also authorized Compound interest notes SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS. lxxvi The former were legal tender, and effected at comparatively low rates of interest, support of payable at any time after three years from to replace those which matured about that returned a small amount to the public coffers date of issue, with interest compounded at 6 time. during that and the three following years. per cent., payable at maturity. loan of 1881. same act. authorized was $400,000,000. The amount The latter were The first of these was the 5 per cent, The amount of this loan was the general government, which The income in the year 1800 was $10,800,000, an The $517,994,150, which was issued at par. average per inhabitant of a little over $2.00. simply, as the name indicates, certificates of second was loan of 1891. From this date until 1809 the income continued the deposit of coin in the treasury. The amount issued of this was $250,000,000, to grow at a rate considerably greater than that which was also sold at par. of population, when the great depression in the They were payable on demand and bore no interest. the 4 ^ -per-cent. O f the 4-per-cent, The ten-forties of 1864 were redeemable loan of 1907 there was issued $739,480,800, business after ten years, and were payable in forty years which sold from par to }4 per cent, premium. suddenly reduced it more than one-half. from date of issue. In 1879 and 1880 refunding certificates were 1810, when per cent., and were sold at rates varying from issued to the amount of $40,012,750. These recovered, they amounted to but $9,400,000, par to 7 per cent, premium. The five-twenties bore interest at the rate of 4 per cent., were nearly all of which was derived from customs, of March, in the same year, were redeemable sold at par, and were convertible, with accrued and nine-tenths of the balance from the sale in five years and payable in twenty years interest, into 4-per-cent, bonds of 1907. of public lands. from date. They bore interest at 5 The interest was at 6 per cent, and they were sold at par. The amount issued was but a very small proportion authorized. of that The five-twenties authorized in June of the same year were very similar, interests of the infantile the revenues republic In had but slightly Then followed, immediately The act of February 28, 1878, authorized upon this period of financial distress, the war the exchange of silver for certificates of deposit. with Great Britain, which largely increased These certificates were redeemable on demand the expenditures and rendered necessary not and bore no interest. only the contraction of heavy loans, but an The amount issued increase, by all available means, of income. was $21,018,000. W ith this in view, internal revenue taxes and having the same time and rate of interest. Thus it appears that the loans negotiated They were sold at an average premium of for the purpose of carrying on the Revolutionary direct taxation were again resorted to. 2^5 per cent., and the amount authorized was W ar were contracted, with one exception, with sources of revenue, with the proceeds from the fully taken. or by the aid of the King of France. sale From These of public lands, rapidly increased the the close of the Revolution up to 1794 the income, so that in 1816, after the close of the for three years and bore interest at the rate loans were war, it amounted of 74 per cent. The amount issued, including single exception of the Antwerp loan, while revenue and direct taxes continued to form reissues, was $829,992,500, which was sold at since that date the loans have been taken appreciable portions of the receipts until 1820, an average premium of o ^ per cent. almost exclusively in this country. when the aggregate income, derived almost The seven-thirties of 1864 and 1865 ran taken by the Dutch, with the to $47,700,000. Internal The Navy Pension Fund represents the entirely from customs and sales of public land, share of the United States in the receipts was $17,800,000, or about $1.85 per capita of population. was, by the act of April 23, 1800, devoted to Revenues of the General Gov ernment.— In these latter days, when the payment of naval pensions. The principal the Government is receiving and expending profound peace, during which the income grew of this fund amounted on July 1, 1864, to hundreds of millions annually, it is interesting slowly but steadily at a rate very little greater about $14,000,000. On this date an act was to look backward down the long vista of nearly than that of population, and was derived in the passed to invest this fund in U. S. securities, 100 years, and see from what small beginnings main from customs, with small reinforcements bearing interest at 3 per cent, annually. this immense and complicated governmental from sales of public lands, and profits from machinery has grown. In 1880, when the stock in the second Bank of the United States. issued was $203,327,250, at an average premium population numbered about fifty millions, the In 1830 the income was $24,800,000, or $1.93 of net receipts amounted to $333,500,000, or $6.65 per head of population. redeemed in five years, and they matured in to each inhabitant. it increased rapidly. twenty years. The rate of interest was 6 per the thirty-two months between May 4, 1789, and of speculation was at its height, the revenue The consols of the same year, of 1867, December 31, 1791, the aggregate receipts were amounted to $50,800,000, nearly half of which and 1868, ran the same length of time and but $4,400,000, or at the average rate of about was from the sale of public lands. bore the same rate of interest. $1,700,000 annually. that the national debt, for the first and perhaps from the sale of prizes, the interest on which O f the five-twenties of 1865, the amount 2^ cent. per cent. These bonds might be The amounts The population in 1790 millions, and the last time, was Then it was extinguished, and the were respectively, $332,998,950, at 3 ^ per cent, the income of the Government was but $0.42 Government, from its abundance, made dona premium; $379,618,000, at 1— per cent; and per capita of population. tions to the state treasuries. $4 2 ,5 3 9 .3 5 °. at OiS, per cent. In 1867 three-per-cent, certificates to the almost entirely from customs duties, as has which followed been the case during most of our career as a greatly, and in 1840 they amounted only to amount of $85,155,000 were issued, including nation. $19,500,000, or $1.14 per capita. reissues, at par. out our scanty revenues from customs by an They reached their lowest point in the internal revenue tax, which, from that time until following year, at $16,900,000, after which they 1802, continued to yield a small amount. increased gradually. In 1870 certificates of deposit, running five four In 1836, when the tide was a little payable on demand. than Then for a few years issued and the average premium of these loans This was a temporary loan, less On the other hand, during Then followed a long series of years of This was derived In 1792, an attempt was made to eke The years and bearing 4 per cent, interest, were Government derived from its investment in to sold at par. the first Bank of the United States a notable increase amount of income in those days of small things. until In 1800 a direct tax also was levied for the $74,100,000. Under the refunding acts of July 14, 1870, and January 20, 1871, several loans were reduced $43,600,000, or continued The depression the revenues very In 1850 they amounted $1.88 per capita. almost 1856, when the income This uninterruptedly amounted to The succeeding business depres- F IN A N C E A N D COMMERCE. sion reduced it very greatly, and in i860 it total $267,700,000. was but $56,100,000, or $1.78 per capita. tributed among the several items as follows: In 1862 a direct income tax was levied. This amount was dis lxxvii increased in cost in times of peace from between one and two millions up to about forty millions, while in the year 1865, the closing In 1863 internal revenue taxes were again laid, A mount . P ercentage of T o tal . year of the war, there was expended upon it the huge amount of $1,030,700,000. and from these, with customs, the amount of The navy, Civil and Miscellaneous Expensed $57,5oo,o°o 21-5 W a r ...................................................... 38,100,000 14.2 N a v y .................................................... a larger income than during any other year in I 3.'500;000 5 -1 Pensions............................................. 56,800,000 21.2 its history. From internal revenue taxes, from In d ian s............................................... 5,900,000 2.2 trifling amount to a sum which would give customs, and from miscellaneous sources, and Interest............................................... 95,800,000 35-8 each inhabitant more than one dollar annually. income was multiplied many times during the years of the war. In 1866 the Government had too, has increased in cost from an amount to be reckoned in hundreds of thousands, to about $15,000,000. Pensions have grown from a O f all the items, the civil and miscellaneous mainly from the first of these, there was raised During the decade immediately following list has grown with the greatest steadiness. the adoption of the constitution, the yearly In the earlier years of the nation’s history expenditures averaged but a little over four this item ranged between one and two millions. the receipts gradually millions, about one-third of which was for civil In 1880 it was $57,500,000, the population decreased, as the internal revenue taxes and and miscellaneous expenses, one-third for the having, in the meantime, increased from about customs duties were diminished, and as the support of the army, and the remainder for the four millions to fifty millions. imports became less. navy, pensions and Indians. the enormous sum of $558,000,000“ or an average of about $17.00 from every man, woman and child in the country. From that time In 1870 the income was The The population following table, abstracted from derived at the middle of this period was about four and Mulhall’s “ Balance Sheet of the W orld,” is from duties and internal revenue, in nearly one-half millions, and the average cost of the interesting in this connection as showing the equal proportions, and in 1880 it was still government to each inhabitant only $0.92. position of this country among foreign nations, $411,300,000,a which was nearly all in respect of expenditures for its war and further diminished to $333,500,000, and this Since the beginning the annual expenses of was much greater than in any year subsequent the Government have gone on increasing, at a naval establishments in 1880. to 1872. rate somewhat greater than that of the increase given in pounds sterling: The total Government, net receipts exclusive of of the General loans, from in population. Amounts are Each war has, of course, tem its porarily increased them very greatly, while at organization to 1880, have been $7,758,000,000. The principal part of this enormous amount case, returned to the amount which they would has been drawn from the following sources: probably have reached had no war intervened, R atio of A r m y & N avy to T otal E x pen d itu re . its close the ordinary expenses have, in no but have always been in excess of that amount. A mount . P ercentage of T o tal . Customs.............................................. $4,439,000,000 57 Internal Revenue............................. 2,672,000,000 34 Sales of Public Lands................... 206,000,000 3 rapidly increased, so that in 1814 the whole Premiums on L oans....................... 204,000,000 3 establishment cost over $30,000,000. Thus, at the opening of the second war with Great Britain, between the annual five and six expenses millions. were This was After the war, expenses were reduced very slowly. In 1817 they were nearly $15,500,000, and it was E x p e n d itu r e s o f th e G e n e r a l G o v e rn m e n t. — The aggregate ordinary point, $9,800,000, and expenses of the General Government, from the to increase. In time of the adoption of the constitution to $13,100,000. The June 30, 1880, were $7,576,000,000. during the decade between 1800 and 1810 were there have been expended for O f this civil and C ost of A rmy. Russia................................ £29,000,000 22,500,000 France ............................ Germany............................ I 7,500,000 Great Britain................... 15,600,000 12,400,000 A u s tr ia ............................. 8,800,000 I t a ly .................................. 8,000,000 United States................... 4,900,000 Spain.................................. 2,000,000 H o lla n d ............................ 2,000,000 T u rk e y .............................. 1,900,000 1,400,000 Sweden and Norway_ _ 800,000 P o rtu g a l........................... 500,000 D en m ark.......................... 300,000 G r e e c e .............................. not until 1823 that they reached their lowest 1820 commenced thereafter the expenses average annual were expenses C ost of N avy. £4,100,000 6,300,000 2,900,000 10,400,000 800,000 2,200,000 2,800,000 1,100,000 1,200,000 500,000 34.80 23.76 23.72 30-95 20.68 20.02 19.28 20.03 32.20 .... 400,000 3000,00 300,000 100,000 .... 18.40 .... .... It will be seen that the expenses for these purposes, both absolutely and relatively to the total expenses of the Government, fall far short of those of the leading European countries. $5,400,000, showing a ratio of increase of about P o sta l Business.— miscellaneous purposes $1,515,000,000, or 20 30 per cent. per cent, of the total amount; for the support 1810 to 1820, would show that in that year the made in this country for the public transmis of the army, $4,314,000,000, or 57 per cent.; of actual expenses were six millions in excess of sion of mails, was by the colonies individually. the navy, $1,013,000,000 or 13 per cent.; for what they should have been, on the assumption As pensions, $548,000,000, or 7 per cent., and for that they increased regularly in accordance with a mail service within her limits, and Virginia the support of Indians, $187,000,000, or between the above ratio. made a similar provision 2 and 3 per cent. brought out in the case of the late Civil War. colonies followed, and interest on the public debt, which, during this In i860 the expenses were $60,100,000. regular monthly mail between New York and period of nine-tenths of a century, amounts to average rate of increase per decade prevailing Boston. the enormous sum of $2,105,000,000, an amount in those “ piping times of peace” was 85 colonial post-office system was established. greatly in excess of any other item, excepting per cent. Supposing the expenses to continue was necessarily of a very imperfect and limited that of the support of the army. to increase at this ratio, in 1870 they would character, owing to The ordinary expenditures in 1880 were have amounted to $111,200,000, wherfeas the of the population. $169,100,000, or $3.37 per capita, to which actual expenses in that year were $164,400,000. Bancroft, letters could be forwarded eight times should be added the interest and premiums Examining the history of the several items a year from Philadelphia to Virginia. on of expense, it is seen that the army has 1710, under a general act of Parliament for loans, viz., These figures do not include $98,600,000, making the This ratio, carried forward from This is still more strongly n Including premiums on loans. The The first provision early as 1639 Massachusetts in established 1657. Other in 1672 there was a In 1692, under a royal patent, a the scattered It condition Under this system, says In SCRIBNER'S STA TISTICA L ATLAS. lxxviii establishing a post-office throughout the were proportioned to distance as well as weight dominion of Great Britain, a postal service was of parcels, were so high as to make cor 1855. inaugurated, extending along the coast from respondence a luxury to be indulged in only introduced, and was received with great favor. Maine by the wealthy. The to Philadelphia, and thence, subse quently, southward Virginia and In 1864 the money-order system was growth of this institution has been the rates, the business of the department, as shown remarkable— in the year 1880 money orders The mail service, especially in the by the amount of its revenues, increased at a amounting to more than $100,000,000 having very rapid rate, much more rapidly, indeed, been sold. 1753 Benjamin Franklin was appointed deputy than the population. The maximum distances 1872, and the free delivery system in 1863. postmaster-general for America, and held this given in these statements of rates, viz., 300, The latter had in 1880 been extended to no office until 1774. 400, 450 and 500 miles, are very suggestive of less than 104 cities of the country; and, owing Upon the outbreak of hostilities with Great the comparatively small extent of the settled to the immense increase which it has caused Britain in 1775, the colonies were thrown upon portion of the country at the time when these in the number of drop-letters, it is said to be their own resources for the maintenance of rates were in force. self-sustaining. Carol inas. into In spite of these exorbitant The registration of letters commenced in South, was extremely scanty and poor. communication. Congress In In that year the Continental appointed Franklin postmaster- Postal cards were introduced in In 1874, at the invitation of Germany, a In consequence of the great reduction in 1845, the income of the postal convention of all the leading countries department was at first very much lessened. of Europe, with the United States, was held, To the and uniform rates of letter postage of five cents Savannah, Georgia, with certain cross lines. expenses of the department, both for salaries per half ounce between all these countries No statistics relating to the post-office under and agreed upon. the cut down. general, and transportation provided for a line of from Continental Falmouth, Congress mail Maine, have been to pre letter postage in meet this reduction transportation of in mails, receipts, were greatly The increase in the volume of Since that date many other countries, including nearly all upon this side of served, and the earliest authentic information business consequent upon the reduction in regarding this branch of the Government bears rates, however, soon brought the receipts far date 1790. The service had been organized as above their former amount, and made the C o in age o f the U n ited States. a department of the United States Government department again very nearly self-supporting. — The mint was established in 1793. on September 22 of the year preceding. The spread of settlement to the Pacific coast to 1850, when Californian gold began to pour necessitated, in 1851, a readjustment of postal over the country, its operations were on a its existence comprised seventy-five post-offices rates. comparatively small scale. and carried on 1,875 miles of post routes. effected gradually between 1845 and 1855, the precious metals the United States was The revenue was $37,935, and the expenditures the rates on books and other printed matter dependent upon the mines of gold in Virginia, $32,140, of which $22,081 was paid for trans were, for the first time, made less than those on the Carolinas, and Georgia, with the small portation of mails, and $8,198 for salaries of letters. amount imported. postmasters. The postal revenue was, on an by an immense extension of postal routes California and Australia, when the supply of average, barely one cent for each man, woman in sparsely settled sections of the country, gold in the world was, relatively to that at and child of the population— presenting a especially present, extremely limited, its purchasing power marked naturally The department during the first year of contrast with the business done Besides the reduction in letter rates The lowering of rates was followed in the South and West, which resulted in a deficit each year. the Atlantic, have joined the “ Postal Union.” Prior For a supply of « Prior to the discoveries in was far greater, and proportionally less was required for the transaction of business. A t that date This deficit grew larger year by year until the the number of post-offices was 42,989; mail was breaking out of the Civil W ar relieved the Upon Plate 87 the result of the discovery of carried over 343,888 miles of post routes; the Government from the necessity of maintaining gold in California in 1848 is boldly marked by receipts were $33,315,479, and the expendi the unprofitable routes in the Southern States. the lines of gold coinage, which, beginning to tures $36,542,804, of which $22,255,984 was This reduced ascend in 1849, reach in 1851 a height indicat for transmission of mails and $7,701,418 for to about the same amount as the receipts. by the department in 1880. salaries of postmasters. the expenditures in 1863-4-5 A further lowering of the postal rate on The receipts per capita ing a coinage in that single year of over $62,000,000. decrease The following table shows the ratio of the of the routes in the Southern States, again in succeeding years, followed by a second revenue of the department to the population increased the expenditures considerably above maximum in 1861, nearly as great, indicating of the country, expressed in cents per capita, the receipts, a condition of things which has the at each decennial period: continued to the present day. Comstock lode. D ecade . R evenue per C a p it a . C ents . D ecade . R evenue per C a p it a . C ents . that in but twelve states service pay expenses. 1 .0 M O 2 6 .6 18 0 0 . 5 -3 M 00 C m O 00 179 0 . 2 4 .0 . 7 .6 1820 . I I ,S 18 30 . 1 4 .4 18 10 i 860. does the postal These states, comprising California . placers is in the yield A glance at the map upon Plate 86 shows the gradual letters in 1863, with the resumption in 1865 of the population had increased to 66^ cents. of The shown enormous production of gold from the The maxima in 1873 and in 1878 indicate the opening of bonanzas upon the Comstock, and the production from vein and hydraulic mining in California. The coinage of silver, too, was small in tion of Vermont, and only Illinois, Michigan amount, and dependent mainly upon imports and of that metal until the discovery of the Com 2 7 .1 d M 00 the whole North Atlantic group, with the excep 18 8 0 . 6 6 .4 Wisconsin, of the Northern Central 5 1-* group, pay a profit to the General Government stock lode in 1859. on their postal service, while in the other supply of silver which this and other mines thirty-five states and territories the service is supplied, but little found its way to the mint. the rates of postage upon letters from the time carried on at a loss. This loss is propor Indeed, it is only in very recent years, since of the establishment of the present department tionally greatest in the territories and in the the adoption of the bi-metallic standard, that up to 1880. Western and Pacific states. the The leading diagram upon Plate 86 shows Prior to 1845 these rates, which coinage of Even with the enormous silver has assumed great F IN A N C E A N D proportions, Nevada the mines of Colorado and furnishing the greater part of the supply of that metal. COMMERCE. Ixxix the yearly dividends during this long existence the reappearance of financial prosperity, in having 1820, the bank acquired stability and the stock averaged very nearly eleven per cent. soon commanded a premium. In spite of its prosperity President Jackson waged a deadly The following table taken from the report of The Massachusetts Bank, the first strictly the director of the mint for 1880, shows the local institution of this kind, was chartered by warfare against it. weight in grains of the different coins current the legislature in 1784, with a capital of $300,000. granting a renewal of its charter, and in the at that time in the country: This also has had remarkable success, having following year removed the public moneys passed, during the eighty years of its existence from it and deposited them in state banks. as a state bank, but two dividends. The state banks, among which the public C oin . W eig ht . (G r ain s .) L egal T ender . Gold. Double E a g le ....................... E a g le ...................................... H alf E a g le ............................. Three Dollar Piece............... Quarter E a g le ........................ One Dollar P iece................. In all amounts. 516.00 258.00 129.00 77.40 64.50 25.80 It became a national bank in 1864, and is still prosperous. moneys were In 1832 he vetoed a bill distributed in 1833, at once 66 u u u Silver. first Bank of the United States was chartered in by other banks, so that the volume of circulating 1791, and for twenty years was the fiscal agent notes $149,000,000 in 1837. The capital of this bank rose from $61,000,000 in 1830 to Then followed naturally was $10,000,000, of which one-fifth was sub a general crash, led by the great Bank of the scribed by the Government. One-fourth of all United States, which, upon the termination of 96.45 38.58 private subscriptions were paid in gold or silver, its charter from the General Government, had the balance in United States stocks bearing 6 been re-chartered by the state of Pennsylvania. 77-i 6 per cent, interest. This bank was ably managed, From the resulting depression, however, the and was highlv successful. banking interest recovered rapidly, and in 1843 Copper and Nickel. Not above 25 cents. 66 30.00 f Bronze. 16 One Cent Piece..................... expanded their issues of paper currency, followed 420.00 412.50 192.90 Trade Dollar......................... Not a legal tender. Dollar........ .......................... In all amounts not H alf D o llar............................ above $10.00. 66 Quarter D ollar..................... 66 D im e ....................................... Five Cent P iece................... Three Cent P ie ce ................. After strenuous opposition in Congress the of the Government. 66 48.00 realized upon The Government its interest a net profit of The charter Prior to the year 1838 legislation in regard expired by limitation in 1811, and Congress, by to banking had been confined to such provisions The following table shows the amount of a very close vote, decided not to renew it, as might be incorporated in the charters of specie in the country in the years named, as in the belief that the state banks were able individual estimated by the director of the mint, the to supply all been enacted. In that year, the State of New amount per inhabitant and the ratio of specie in Government, York an circulation to wealth: country. A ll gold and silver coins consist of nine- monetary requirements of the and of the business of the Immediately after the expiration of banks, passed banking system. no general act laws having authorizing the free This provided that banking numbers. stocks or mortgages, receive from the Comp- $25,000,000 $1.90 .00058 no fewer than 120 new banks were chartered, troller of the State 1840 88,000,000 5 - io .00144 with a capital of $40,000,000. circulating notes, and a state officer was charged 1850 134,000,000 5.80 .00188 Great Britain, which followed i 860 280,000,000 8.90 .00173 proved that the confidence of Congress 159,000,000 4.10 .00053 1880 502,000,000 10.00 .00 115 00 R atio of S pecie to W e a lt h . 0 associations should, upon the deposit of certain A mount per I nhabitan t . 00 its charter, state banks sprang up in great S pecie . O o 0 tenths pure metal and one-tenth alloy. $1,137,152, or nearly 52 per cent. again stood on a firm basis. M The s te a d ily am oun t o f s p e c ie in c r e a s e d , suspension of in e x c e p tin g specie state banks was unfounded. The war with shortly after, in In 1814 all the an equal with the supervision of banks. amount of This law, after having been amended in many of its details, was found to work admirably, and was, state banks outside of New England suspended subsequent to 1850, adopted in its essential has specie payments, and as about one hundred features by a number th e of them, in the absence of a national bank, disposed of most of the evils incident to the a rate had been used by the Government as deposit earlier system, or want of system, of state This aries, the loss and inconvenience were very- banks. c ir c u la tio n d u r in g payments, at Between the years 1811 and 1815 considerably greater than population. of other states. It increase has not, however, kept pace with the great. gain in wealth, the ratio of specie to valuation paper currency, resulting in a great depre 1863. being less in 1880 than in i860, 1850 or 1840. ciation of its value. is required to deposit in the treasury a certain On the other hand, the deficiency of specie is thereby greatly being amount of United States bonds, to secure its more than counterbalanced by the increased negotiated only with the utmost difficulty and circulation, which may be issued to an amount amount of paper currency which has been in by making large discounts. equal to 90 per cent, of the face value of the circulation since 1861. Moreover, they poured out a flood of This The Government was hampered, experience its rendered loans possible the The national banking act was passed in deposit. Under it each banking organization No banking organizations, other than formation of the second Bank of the United national banks, are allowed to issue circulating first organized bank in the States, which was chartered by Congress in notes. country, and also “ the first one that had any 1816. The charter was limited to twenty years. being guaranteed by the General Government, direct relation to the Government of the United The is independent of the financial condition of States,” was which was subscribed by the United States B a n k s. — The in the Bank Philadelphia, of North America, chartered by Congress in capital was $35,000,000, $7,000,000 of The circulation of the national banks the bank which issued it. individuals, one-fourth The system commended itself at once to December, 1781, and by the state of Penn being payable in coin and three-fourths in the banking interest and the people generally, sylvania in April, 1782. the funded debt of the United States. and was very rapidly adopted. Its operation under and the balance by The its charter from the United States, and under bank went into existence at the beginning successive renewals of the charter from the of state, as well as since its reorganization, in 1864, depression, and for two or three years had tions remaining the same, the financial and as a national bank, has been highly successful, great difficulty in maintaining itself. commercial prosperity of a nation is measured 1817, in the midst of a great financial W ith F o re ig n C om m erce.— other condi SCR IB N E R S STA TISTICA L ATLAS. lxx x by the amount of its foreign commerce and the trifling in absolute amount, was larger in The export of wood and its manufactures relative proportions of its exports and imports, proportion to the population than at any shows great variations during the decade, with as they vary from year to year. other time prior to i860. a slight increase as the net result. From the diagrams showing the extent of The rate of increase The principal market for surplus products in foreign commerce has not been by any means a uniform one. to 1880, the industrial history of the United wars and rumors of wars, business depressions more than half of all exports. States may be traced in general terms. The and short crops, all have affected it, and one country little is sent besides breadstuff's, meat, net imports, including coin and bullion, have sees, accordingly, the amounts rising and falling cotton and tobacco. increased from $22,500*000 in 1790 to $741,- alternately, but always with a marked tendency is France, to which less than one-eighth of 500,000 in ninety years; and the exports from toward increase. all exports is sent. $19,700,000 to $776,700,000 in the same period. when freed from accidental variations, show a also in supplying the imports, which, from The gain during each period. them, consist mainly of manufactured goods. increase of imports has been nearly 3,300 per cent., and exports 3,950 per cent. In The balance Changes in the tariff, is Great Britain, which country receives much the nation’s foreign commerce, from its origin The amounts of imports, of trade, including T o the mother- The next largest market These two countries lead mer the same time population has increased but chandise, coin and bullion, has been against 1,278 per cent., and the wealth of the country the United States during most of its history. C a rry in g T ra d e o f th e U nited States.— Nothing could illustrate in more about 3,300 per cent., estimating the latter to Indeed, prior to 1874 it was in favor of this forcible terms the decadence of the American have country carrying trade, than the diagrams upon Plate been, in 179o, about $1,300,000,000. during only ten out of seventy- Since 1874, however, it has been 95. Up to 1861 American bottoms carried two- The following table shows the average imports nine years. and exports of ten-year periods, set opposite continuously and very largely in this country’s thirds or more of the foreign commerce of the the middle year of each period, with the rates favor. country. Since that date, which marked the It is only since 1821 that merchandise has opening of the Civil War, the larger proportion been distinguished from coin and bullion in of the foreign commerce has been carried in exports and imports are given in millions and the returns of imports and exports. foreign bottoms. tenths of millions of dollars: that date the balance of trade, as regards what is not so generally known, that this loss merchandise alone, has been in favor of this of the carrying trade was not purely a result country for eighteen years, including those of the war, but had been progressing gradually between ever since 1826. of increase, and, for comparison, the rates of increase of the population. E x po rts . I mports . M iddle D ate . The amounts of I ncrease . I ncrease . A mount . (P e r C ent .) (P e r c e n t .) I ncrease of P opula tio n . (P er C ent .) 49*7 18 10 53*6 8 3 2 .6 18 2 0 7 0 .8 32 5 6 .8 74 77*9 37*4 and 1880 during It has years, and the total amount of imports has about this decrease in the American carrying trade. 15 34 exceeded the exports by nearly $800,000,000. 39 9 9 .2 52 33 Agricultural products form over four-fifths 1850 18 3 *4 70 175*8 77 36 i 860 2 7 9 .6 52 2 7 7 .9 58 35 4 8 9 .1 75 4 6 5 .2 67 7 4 i* 5 52 83 3*3 79 0 65*4 0 ^4 The figures set opposite 1880 , relate to that year only. indicates a decrease. the process of decadence. 33 IO 18 8 0 The war merely hastened Several causes have combined to bring been 1 0 8 .0 18 4 0 Further, the diagrams show, against this country during forty-two 36 -1 3 00 W 00 18 0 0 inclusive, which it has been largely in its favor. A mount . 1876 Since The most obvious and important one is the protection afforded by the tariff to Manufactured products the lumber and iron interests, whereby the 23 are exported to only a very limited extent. prices of all, or nearly all, articles used in 3° Indeed, with the exception of iron and steel, shipbuilding, are made much higher than in the value of exports of this class does not reach the countries which compete with the United one per cent, of all exports. States The minus sign The imports and exports per capita of the of the total exports. The exportation for the carrying trade. Hence the building of ships, whether of wood or iron, nence only within two or three years. The costs more on this side of the water than exports of breadstuff's have almost quadrupled population, are given in the following table: of living animals for food has acquired promi abroad, while the laws prohibit their importation. during the past ten years, while those of iron Investments in shipping in this country, there M iddle D a t e . I m po rts , P e r C a pit a . E x po rts , P er C a pit a . 18 0 0 . 8 9 .3 6 8 7 .0 4 and steel have diminished one-third, and those fore, pay lower rates of interest than foreign . 7 .4 0 4 *5 ° of mineral oil appear to be now diminishing, shipping, the margin of profit being reduced 18 2 0 . 7*56 5*89 having reached a maximum in 1877, when the to little or nothing. 18 3 0 . 6 .0 5 5 .0 8 export was valued at $57,715,354* O f pro that on this side of the water capitalists are not 1840 . 6 .3 2 5 .8 0 18 50 . 7 .9 0 7 .5 8 this country is exporting a larger content with the low rates of interest which i 860. 8 .8 9 8 .8 4 amount each year, the value in 1880 being satisfy the English investor; add, also, the 18 70 . 1 2 .6 8 1 2 .0 6 three times that spared from the surplus in American navigation laws, which have aided 18 8 0 . 1 4 .7 8 1 6 .6 1 1871. in the destruction of our merchant marine, 18 10 The figures set opposite 1880, relate to that year only. visions The export of tobacco, like that of Add to this the fact abundance and there would seem to be ample reason These tables show that the foreign com of the crop, and the value of the exportation for the withdrawal of capital from this class merce at the beginning of the century, while shows wide oscillations during the decade. of investments. cotton, is dependent upon the P l a t e i i s ^ s cE Fn r n r i ] 70 commerce TRUE VALUATION. (Based on the Census Eetum s of 1870 and 1880.) True Valuation, per Capita, True Valuation, per Capita, by States, 1850. Total Valuation, by States, 1850. Rn ak S te ta 35 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 1 3 0 2 9 28 2 7 2 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 0 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 U ta h .. Oreg. . N .M e x D . C . .. D el.. . Cal. ... Fla---Iowa .. Ark.. . Wis— Tex.. . Mich. . R.I... . V t----N.H. .. Me. ... Mo. ... Conn.. Ill...... N.J...* Tenn.. Ind.— Md. ... N.C.. . Ala---Miss... La...... S.C .-K y ... . Ga---V a ... . Ohio .. Mass. . Pa...... N .Y - . V ation alu $ 986,083 5,063,474 5,174,471 14,018,874 21,062,556 22,161,872 22,862,270 23,714,638 39,841,025 42.056,595 52,740,473 59,787,255 80,508,794 92,205,049 103,652,835 122,777,571 137,247,707 155,707,980 156,265,006 200,000,000 201,246,686 202,650,264 219,217,364 226,800,472 228,204,332 228.951,130 233,998,764 288,257,694 301,628,456 335,425,714 430,701,082 504,726,120 573,342,286 722,486,120 1,080,309,216 SCALE: $350,000,000 D .C . Fla. . Ga... 1 1 .. 1. Ind... Iowa Ky.. $500,000,000 L a .. Me. . Md.. Mass. Mich. Miss. 8 tate V ation alu 38 U t a h . . $ 5,596,118 3 W a s h .. 8 5,601,466 3 Nebr. . 7 9,131,056 36 N . M e x ' 20,813,768 3 Oreg. . 5 28,930,637 3 Kans.. 31,327,895 4 3 D .C . .. 3 41,084,945 3 Del— 2 46,242,181 3 Minn.. 62,294,413 1 3 Fla.. .. 0 73,101,500 29 Vt...... 122,477,170 2 R .I .... 135,337,588 8 2 N.H. .. 156,310,860 7 2 Me.. .. 190,211,600 6 25 Cal.. .. 207,874,613 2 Ark. .. 219,256,473 4 2 Iowa .. 247,338,265 3 22 Mich. . 257,163,983 2 Wis--- 273,671,668 1 20 N.C. .. 358,739,399 1 T e x - . 365,200,614 9 1 Md. ... 376,919,944 8 1 Conn. . 444,274,114 7 1 N.J--- 467,918,324 6 1 Tenn.. 493,903,892 5 1 Ala. . . 495,237,078 4 1 Mo. ... 501,214,398 3 1 Ind.... 528,835,371 2 1 S.C— - 548,138,754 1 1 Xa____ 602,118,568 0 y Miss. .. 607,324,911 8 G a ---- 645,895,237 7 Ky. . .. 666,043,112 6 Va..... 793,249,681 5 Mass. . 815,237,433 Ill...... 3 Ohio .. 1,193,898,422 2 Pa...... 1,416,501,818 1 N.Y.. . 1,843,338,517 Rn S a k tate .11 Mo.. .19 .27 N.H. .21 .30 N.J... .16 .18 N . M e x 33 .31 N.Y. 1 .32 N.C. .12 .29 Ohio . 4 .34 .17 Pa,... .14 R.I. . .23 .28 S.C.-- 8 . 71Tenn. .15 . 9 Tex.. .25 .20 U ta h . 3 5 .13 Vt. . .22 . 3,Va--- . 5 .24 Wis.. .26 -iol 35 3 4 33 32 3 1 3 0 29 2 8 2 7 2 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 20 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 $'750,000,000 $ 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 N .M e x U ta h .. Iowa .. Mich. . Ill...... Ark.. . Tenn. . Mo___ Ind.... Me. ... Del. . . Cal. ... Tex.. . Ohio .. N.C.. . Fla.. .. D .C . .. Vt____ A la.... Va----K y ... . Pa...... N.II. .. N.Y.. . Ga---Md___ Oreg. . N.J--Conn. . S.C.... La...... R.I... . 1 Mass. . $1,250,000,000 Total Valuation, by States, 1860. Rn ak Ala. . Ark. Cal... Conn. Del.. scale: $100 $ 84 07 86 65 123 38 137 72 1 0 35 5 183 52 189 8 1 200 7 0 201 23 206 03 210 5 4 230 1 1 239 3 4 248 08 254 8 7 260 9 8 214 6 5 271 2 3 293 53 295 7 5 302 9 6 307 03 312 52 325 98 348 7 8 370 1 5 375 99 377 48 380 88 408 5 3 419 9 3 4 1 20 3 4 1 94 5 545 66 576 50 y — g--? INDEX. 6Mo.... Ala... 1 1 Ark.. .2 ) N.H. .12 Cal.. Z\ N.J.. . 6 Conn. . 5 N . M e x 35 Del. . .24 N.Y.. .11 IHN .C .. .20 D .C . 9 Fla... 1 Ohio .21 Ga.... 1 Oreg. . 7 0 111... .30 Pa. .. .13 Ind... .26 R .I.—. 2 Iowa. .33£.C. . . 4 Ky.... .14 Tenn. .28 La. ... 3 Tex.. .22 Me... .25 U t a h . .34 Md... 9 V t ... .17 Mass. . 1 Va.... .15 Mich. 3 Wis.. .32 1 Miss. . 8 KEY Under $200 per_Capita.. under $300 »... .. $600 Rn ak S te ta 39 3 8 3 7 36 3 5 3 4 33 32 3 1 30 29 28 2 7 2 6 2 5 2 4 23 2 2 2 1 20 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Ala... .14 Mo.. .13 Ark.. .24 Nebr. .37 Cal... .25 N.H. .27 Conn. .17 N.J... .16 $250,000,000 Del... .32 N . M e x 36 D .C . .33 N.Y. . 1 Fla... .30 N.C— .20 . 8 Ohio . 3 1 1 ... . 4 Oreg. .36 1. Ind.. .12 Pa. . . 2 Iowa .23 R.I. . .28 .34 S.C.. .11 $500,000,000 Ky. .. 7Tenn. .15 La. .. .10 Tex- .19 6 Me. . 2 U t a h . .39 Md... .18 Vt. . .29 Mass. . 5 Va. .. . 6 8 .22 I\U8h 3 Minn. 3 Wis.. .21 1 Miss. . 9 U ta h .. N .M e x SCALE: $750,000,000 1000 , 000,000 , $1,250,000,000 1 Kans.. M e- .. Minn.. Nebr. . Mich. . Wis--N.C. .. Iowa .. V t...... In d -D e l..Mo. ... Tenn.. N.Y.. . N.H. .. W a s h .. Pa...... h r 11 1 ...... Ohio .. Ala. . . Fla- .. Cal- .. D .C . .. Md. ... K y .. . . Tex- . Ga---Mass. . N.J— Miss... R .I .... S.C— . La____ Conn. . Total Valuation, by States, 1870. Rn ak 4 7 46 45 4 4 43 42 4 1 40 39 38 3 7 36 35 3 4 33 32 3 1 30 2 9 2 8 2 7 2 6 2 5 24 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 0 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ' 1 S te ta /,— 0 2 INDEX. V lu tion a a $ 3,440,791 5,599,752 6,552,681 7,016,748 13,562,164 15,184,522 16,159,995 20,243,303 31,131,012 N .M e x 31,349,793 44,163,655 F la- .. 51,558,932 Ore.?-69,277,483 Nebr. . 97,180,833 Del.— 126,873,618 D .C . 156,394,691 Ark— T e x .. . 159,052,542 Kans. . 188,892,014 190,651,491 W.Va. 201,855,841 S.C. . . 208,146,989 Miss—. 209,197,345 Minn. . 228,909,590 Vt. . - 235,349,553 N .H ... 252,624,112 N.C.. . 260,757,244 Ga----- 268,169,207 R.I.— 296,965,646 La____ 323.125,666 Me. ... 348,155,671 Va---- 409,588,133 Tenn.. 498,237,724 K y - - 604,318,552 Cal- .. 638,767,017 Md.. - 643,748,976 Wis. .. 702,307,329 Iowa .. 717,644,750 Mich. . 719,208,118 Conn. - 774,631,524 N .J .-. 940,976,064 Ind.... 1,268,180,543 Mo- .. 1,284,922,897 Jll...... 2,121,680,579 Mass. . 2,132,148,741 Ohio .. 2,235,430,300 Pa..... 3,808,340,112 N.Y.- . 6.500,841,264 A r iz ... D a k ... Id a . . . W y o ... W a s h .. M o n t.. U ta h .. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 31 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 6 $,0 0 0 ,0 0 J 0 ,0 0 0 5 4 3 2 1 and over, True Valuation, per Capita, $138 9 5 222 57 292 22 302 7 5 304 00 316 6 0 343 2 9 352 7 2 361 4 1 366 4 7 388 70 391 6 1 424 03 445 0 4 475 00 479 37 483 13 487 4 0 496 92 503 52 509 28 510 32 513 62 520 58 547 05 547 22 548 6 1 5 1 43 5 576 32 604 4 2 610 9 0 662 22 696 2 7 767 5 0 775 0 4 778 9 3 850 4 5 965 5 0 Under $200 per Capita . $200 and under $300 » — .* Per Total Valuation, by States, 1880. Rn S a k tate >— s c INDEX. V ation alu 47 I d a ___ $ 12,000,000 46 W y o . . . 20,000,000 23,000,000 45 A r i z . . . 4 M o n t.. 4 29,000,000 43 N . M e x 30,000,000 48,000,000 42 W a s h .. 67,000,000 4 U ta h .. 1 68,000,000 40 D a k . . . 69,000,000 39 Nev— 95,000,000 38 Fla.... 126,000,000 3 7 138,000,000 36 D el.... 35 Dolo... 149,000,000 34 D . C . . . 223,000,000 33 Ark. .. 246,000,000 32 Vt----- 289,000,000 3 Nebr. . 290,000,000 1 30 S.C. - - 296,000,000 307,000,000 29 W.Va. 2 Miss... 324,000,000 8 2 N .H ... 328,000,000 7 378,000,000 26 Ala— 2 R.I. . . 420,000,000 5 2 La----- 422,000,000 4 446,000,000 23 N.C— 22 Me. ... 501,000,000 554,000,000 2 Ga._ 1 _ 2 Kans.. 575,000,000 0 1 Minn.. 638,000,000 9 1 Tenn.. 666,000,000 8 1 Va. ... 693,000,000 7 1 Tex. .. 725,000,000 6 1 Conn.. 852,000,000 5 1 M d.... 869,000,000 4 1 Ky. — 880,000,000 3 1 Wis. .. 969,000,000 2 1 Mich. . 1,370,000,000 1 1 Iow a.. 1,415,000.000 0 9 Cal. — 1,430,000,000 8 N.J— 1,433.000.000 7 Ind.— 1,499,000,000 6 Mo. ... 1,530.000,000 5 Mass. . 2.795,000.000 4 Ill...... 3,092.000,000 3 Ohio .. 3.301.000,000 2 Pa----- 5,393.000.000 1 N.Y. - 7,619,000,000 $ O O 0 ,0 0 jl, O ,0 0 0 N.C— Fla___ Ga..... Id a — Tenn.. La----- scale: $100 $200 KEY Under $200 per Capita under $3C , 0 $400 . $800 : $ 1,000 » H ,00 and over, 0 $ 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 |1 I | I $ ,0 00 0 0 6 0 0 ,0 0 1 I*"’! $6,000 0 0 0 ,OC Va..... U t a h .. W.Va. D a k . .. K y .. . . A r iz . „ Kans.. W a s h .. Nebr. . M o------ Oreg... W is - M o n t.. Ind---M e .- . Minn.. Mich. . V t----Md... . D el.... N .H - . W y o ... Ill...... N ev... D .C .. . Pa..... N.J— Conn. . N .Y — . R . I ----- Mass. . Cal- - bv Sts Per Capita $ 250 91 286 32 297 32 306 318 352 359 367 431 448 455 458 465 496 503 533 568 577 639 641 705 720 736 740 757 766 772 817 836 869 870 929 941 945 962 1,004 1,032 1,108 1,255 1,259 1,266 1,368 1,498 1,518 1,567 1,653 .... True Valuation, per Capita, True Valuation, N .M e x $1,000• • $1,000 and over, True Valuation, per Capita, by States, 1880 Miss... S.C. . . Ala---- $800 ..... » I 1 1 I1 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 6 4 3 2 1 $600 .. - .. [1 1 State $400 ...... .. 000,000 Hank $800 ».... $ 1,000 . Per C apita C apita U tah.. $ 186 21 194 30 202 46 Ga----- 226 47 235 23 Fla.. N.C.. . 243 39 Miss- . 252 68 294 99 S .C . . . 322 82 Va----- 334 31 341 23 N.Mex 356 26 Ariz. .. 394 88 395 89 431 32 W.Va. 436 87 I d a .. . La----- 444 52 457 47 Ky---Colo—. 507 81 Kans. . Minn.. 520 60 555 35 Me. . Nebr. . 563 26 Wash.. 566 15 Oreg... 567 06 Iowa — 601 03 Mich. . 607 41 665 90 Wis. Vt----- 711 99 732 72 Nev— Mont. . 737 29 Mo- .. 746 49 Ind. ... 754 58 769 55 Who. .. D e l.777 35 N.H.. . 793 67 Md- .. 824 37 835 34 ........... Ohio .. 838 73 963 35 D.C. .. N.J---- 1,038 49 P a ......... Cal.. .. 1,140 15 R.I—- 1,366 28 Conn. . 1,441 30 Mass. . 1,463 03 N.Y- . 1,483 28 8 7 State $600 „ True Valuation, per Capita, by States, 1870. R ank $400 «... „ $ 5 00 True Valuation, per Capita, by States «IN D E X . $ Per Cp a ita 53 63 51 23 99 81 96 47 16 40 40 04 76 74 25 01 02 60 96 60 57 72 75 03 14 93 73 98 47 29 27 05 59 19 15 46 20 89 24 96 82 51 76 $7 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 CO PYRIG H T, 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. 1 I ’ D - . S C EZ E S T I D FH T AH r IA - C O Z M Z IM IZ m Z R O IE P l a t e 71 (Based on the Census Keturfis T R U E V A L U A T I O N . — Continued. of 1870 and 1880.) Retrospect by States. INDEX. 1870 1860 185 0 1880 Ala. . .26 Mo_ 6 _ Ark. . .33 Mont. .44 Ariz. ..45 Nebr. .31 Cal... . 9 Nev--- 39 Colo. ..35 N.H. ..27 Conn .15 N .J.... 8 Dak. ..40 N.Mex 43 Del. ..36 N.Y. . 1 D.C. ..34 N.C--- 23 Fla. . 38 Ohio .. 3 Ga...... 21 Oreg. .37 I d a . . . . 47 Pa....... 2 111----- 4 R.I. . .25 Ind. . . 7 S.C... .30 Iowa ..10 Tenn. .18 Kans. .20 Tex. ..16 Ky. ...13 U tah..41 La.......24 Vt.......32 Me. ...22 Va...... 17 Md... -14 W a s h ..42 Mass. . 5 W.Va. 29 Mich. .11 W is.. .12 Minn. .19 Wyo... 46 Miss. -.28 SCALE: £ $ 5,174,471 $ ' ‘ 986,083 20,813,768 5,601,466 5,596,118 22,862,270 5,063,474 21,062,556 73,101,500 28,930,637 46,242,181 14,018,874 39,841,025 92,205,049 6,552,681 7,016,748 3,440,791 15,184,522 31,349,793 13,562,164 16,159,995 5,599,752 31,134,012 44,163,655 51,558,932 97,180,833 20,243,303 126,873,618 156,394,691 235,349,553 69,277,483 208,146,989 190,651,491 209,197,345 252,624,112 201,855,841 296,965,646 323,125,666 260,757,244 348,155,671 268,169,207 188,892,014 228,909,590 498,237,724 409,588,133 159,052,542 774,631,524 643,748,976 604,318,552 702,307,329 719,208,118 717,644,750 638,767,017 940,976,064 1,268,180,543 1,284,922,897 2,132,148,741 2,121,680,579 2,235,430,300 3,808,340,112 6,500,841,264 41,084,945 219,256,473 122,477,170 9,131,056 548,138,754 288,257,694 607,324,911 156,310,860 495,237,078 135,337,588 602,118,568 228,951,130 103,652,835 228,204,332 80,508,794 233,998,764 226,800,472 122,777,571 335,425,714 190,211,600 645,895,237 31,327,895 52,294,413 493,903,892 793,249,681 365,200,614 444,274,114 376,919,944 666,043,112 273,671,668 257,163,983 247,338,265 207,874,613 467,918,324 528,835,371 501,214,398 815,237,433 871,860,282 1,193,898,422 1,416,501,818 1,843,338,517 201,246,686 430,701,082 52,740,473 155,707,980 219,217,364 301,628,456 42,056,595 59,787,255 23,714,638 22,161,872 200, 000,000 202,650,264 137,247,707 573,342,286 156,265,1 504,726,! 722,486,120 1,080,309,216 $ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Ida . . . Wyo... A riz... M ont.. N.Mex Wash.. Utah.. D a k ... $ 1 , 000,000,000 $ 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $2 ,000 ,000,000 Nev.. . Fla.. . . Oreg... D el.... Colo... D.C. Ark.... Vt----Nebr. . S.C . . . W.Va. Miss... N.H.-. A la.... R.I---La----N.C— .. M e .... Ga....... Kans.. Minn.. Tenn.. Va...... Tex.... Conn.. Md...... $2,50 0,000,00 0 $ 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 / 0 0 0 $ 3 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 4 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 5,00 0,000,00 0 $ 5 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ' $ 6 , 000 ,000,000 $ 6 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ^ . is..:: Mich. $ 7 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Iowa .. C al.... N.J--Ind---Mo.. . . Mass. . Ill....... Ohio .. Pa....... N.Y.- . $7,500,000,000 Retrospect by A ggre gate s, (Estimated.) * 10,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 8 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $40 ,0 00,000 ,0 00 $30 ,0 00,000 ,0 00 $ 2 0 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Valuation Year 1800 $ 1,742,000,000 2.382.000. 1810 3.734.000. 1820 4.328.000. 1830 6.124.000. 1840 7,135,780,228 1850 1860 16,159,616,068 1870 30,068,518,507 1880 43,642,000,000 000 000 000 000 Retrospect by Ratios of Increase, (Estimated,) Per Cent Decade Pop. 1800-1810 1810—1820 1820-1830 1830—1840 1840-1850 1850-1860 1860—1870 1870-1880 SCALE: 5* Valu. 36 33 34 33 36 36 23 30 2? 5 15? 10? 110? 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1S50 I860 1870 1880 Expense* Bank Net Bank Cenaus of Govern Capital Circulat’n Import* ment 31.3 50.0 137.2 145.2 358.4 217.3 421.9 630.0 660.5 10.5 25.0 44.9 61.3 107.0 131.4 207.1 294.0 343.8 49.7 53.6 70.8 77.9 108.0 183.4 279.6 489.1 741.5 Dome*tic Cuitnm* Export* Duties 37.4 32.6 56.8 65.4 99.2 175.8 277.9 465.2 833.3 8.7 10.7 19.0 23.1 tf= $ 7 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Net Imports *70 0,000,00 0 2.2 1 41.3 No. 57.1 171.5 182.8 Banking Capital $ 6 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 5 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 * 5 0 0,000,00 0 5 4 5 0 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 * 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 3 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Bank Circulation *30 0,000,00 0 Expenses ot Gov't $ 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 * [2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Customs Duties $ 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 * 100,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Net Imports $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Domestic Exports Banking Capital Bank Circulation Expenses of Gov’t Customs Duties $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 State 1860 1850 ~T Mass.. 8 4 5 6 7 *600,000,000 * 2 0 0 ,000,000 130? Domestic Exports 2 19.3 24.6 24.3 40.9 63.2 293.6 264.9 125? R E T R O S P E C T P E R C A P I T A - 1 8 5 0 to 1880. $80 0,000,00 0 $80 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1.8 0 13.6 120? 16 General Retrospect, (Estimated,) 1800 1810 1820 1830 1340 1850 1860 1870 1880 115? 8 1 2 3 4 _5 _ 1 Mass. .$576 _ 2 K.1.........545 R. I _____ _ 3 La_____431 L a ._ _ _ 4 S.C........451 S. C_ _ —5 Conn. . .419 l Conn. . _ 6 N .J____408 N .J ___ - 7 Oreg. . .380 Oreg. -_ 8 M is s ....377 Miss.— 9 M d___ „9 10 G a ------ __ 10 .11 11 N .Y — . _ 12 N .H __ _ 12 13 P a -----13 14 I iy ------ __ 14 15 V a ___ __ 15 Iff A l a . ---- -16 1 V t........ -17 7 18 D . C . - . -18 19 F l a . __ -19 20 N.C___ 20 21 O h io.-. — 21 22 T ex .__ — 22 23 C al___ — 23 24 D e l... . 24 25 M e___ — 25 26 I n d .__ ___ 26 27 M o___ 27 28 28 Tenn. .. 29 A r k _ _ 29 30 111 ____ 30 31 Mich. 31 32 Wis----32 33 Io w a . . 33 34 U t a h _. — 34 35 N . M e x . 35 36 W a s h . . 37 Nebr.-. 38 Minn. . 39 K a n s .. 40 W y o . - . 41 M o n t . - 42 N ev.__ 43 C o lo ... 44 I d a . __ 45 W .V a .. 46 D a l e . . . . 47 A r is . - - Md........ 375 Ga......... 370 N.Y___ 348 N .II.-..3 2 5 Pa_____ 312 ICy......... 307 Va..........302 A la........295 V t..........293 D . C . . . .271 Fla........ 261 N.C___ 260 Ohio___254 Tex___ 248 Cal........ 239 Del........230 Me.........210 Ind____ 205 Mo........ 201 Tenn. ..2 0 0 A rk___ 189 111.......... 183 Mich. ..1 5 0 W is___ 137 Iowa_ 123 _ U N - 86 e x .. 84 t a h - . .M _6 7 -8 _9 10 11 12 V M X . 13 14 15 _16 17 18 19 21 _22 .23 24 26 27 28 29 30 31 . 32 33 .3 4 35 36 .3 7 38 39 Conn. .$965 La......... 850 S.C........778 E.I____ 775 Miss. _ .767 N .J____696 Mass. ..6 6 2 Ga____ 610 T ex.___604 K y____ 576 Oreg. . .551 Md____ 548 . C . . . .547 Cal____ 547 Fla........ 520 Ala____513 O hio.. .510 111........ .509 A rk___ 503 V a____ 496 Pa......... 487 W a s h . .483 N.H___ 479 N.Y___ 475 Tenn. ..445 Mo........ 424 Del........412 Ind. . . 1..3 9 1 V t_____388 Iowa_ 366 _ N.C___ 361 W is___ 352 Mich. ..3 4 3 Nebr. - 8 1 6 Minn. ..3 0 4 Me____ 302 Kans. ..292 N . M e x . .222 U t a h . . .138 D CO PYRIGH T, 1683, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. 1880 1870 93 04 27 22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 32 61 22 05 58 62 32 28 52 92 40 13 37 00 03 08 61 70 47 41 72. 29 60 00 75 22 57 95_. .9 10 .1 1 12 13 _14 .1 5 16 17 18 .1 9 .2 0 21 22 .2 3 24 25 .2 6 27 .2 8 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 .40 .4 1 .4 2 _43 44 45 46 47 N .Y ...$1,483 2; Mass. . .1,463 03 Conn. ..1 ,4 4 1 3! R.I____ 1,366 28 Cal........ 1,140 15 Pa_____1,081 3i N .J____1,038 49 D . C . . . . 963 35 O hio.. . 838 7i 111.......... 835 Md____ 824 3' N.H___ 793 6 ’ Del____ .777 3i W y o .— 769 55 Ind........ 754 51 Mo......... 746 4! M o n t. .. 737 2! Nev___ 732 7! V t_____ 711 9! W is___ 665 9 M ich.. . 607 4: Iowa_ 601 01 _ Oreg. . . 567 01 W a s h .. . 566 1. Nebr. . . 563 2i Me____ 555 3J Minn. . 520 61 Kans, . . 518 3' Colo___ 507 81. K y . . . . . 457 4' La_____ 444 5i I d a ........ 436 8' W .V a. . 431 32 Tenn. . . 395 8! D a k ___ 394 A r i z .. .. 356 21 N .M e x .. 341 2i Va......... 334 3: A rk___ 322 8i S.C........ 294 9! Miss— 252 6 : N.C___ 243 39 Fla........ 235 Ga......... 226 4 ’ Ala........ 202 Tex___ 194 U t a h . . . 186 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 15 6 7 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 47 Cal— $1,653 Mass.. .1,567 Ii.I........ 1.518 N.Y___ 1,498 Conn. ..1,3 6 8 N .J____1,266 Pa____ 1,259 D . C . . ..1 ,2 5 5 N e v .... 1,108 Ohio.. .1.032 111_____ 1,004 W y o ___ 962 N.H___ 945 Del........ 941 Md......... 929 Iowa.. . 870 V t.......... 869 M ich.. . 836 Minn. . . 817 Me......... 772 Colo— 766 Ind........ 757 M o n t .. . 740 W is___ 736 Oreg. . . 720 Mo......... 705 Nebr.. . 641 W a s h .. . 639 Kans. _ . 577 A r i z .. .. 568 K y ........ 533 D a k ___ 503 W .V a. . 496 U t a h . . . 465 Va___ _ 458 Tex___ 455 La_____ 448 Tenn.. . 431 I d a ........ 367 Ga......... 359 Fla........ 352 N.C___ 318 Ark___ 306 Ala........ 299 S.C........ 297 Miss___ 286 N .M e x .. 250 76 51 82 96 24 89 20 46 15 19 59 05 27 29 47 98 73 93 14 03 75 72 57 60 96 60 02 01 25 74 76 04 40 40 16 47 96 81 99 23 51 63 53 40 32 32 91 P l a t e 72 Z F U C s T -A -U S T O IE ] A D S T D C O M COPYRIGHT, J883, B Y C H R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S S O N S . M E R C E P l a t e 72 P late 73 Z E S T I N '-A -I C s T O I E _ A _ H X riD P late 73 O O IM Z H V L E Z E tC IE COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. % P late 74 Z F IU S T ^ .IN -C IE i ^ .I S T J D O O P late 74 H U E 3 Y C IE I R C I E | ( ) ( No taxation reported_____ Under $2 per Capita______ $2 and under $4 per Capita i ( $4 a $6 a a $6 a a $8 ,, , _ $8 ,, „ $ 10 „ „ $10 > it _ a a $ 12 a a l ( _ $12 and over, per Capita.__ Total Taxation, by States, 1880. > Rank 7 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State. Amount. $ 126,942 195,887 230,228 293,036 383,947 435,238 478,066 505,417 604,257 Del. .. 605,180 Fla. .. 871,673 N e v ... O reg.. 1,113,942 1,469,254 D .C . . . 1,745,111 V t_ _ A r k ... 1,839,090 S.C. .. 1,839,98a N.C. .. 1,916,132 W. Va. 2,056,979 Ala. .. 2,061,978 Colo. . 2,152,008 Miss. . 2,384,475 2,692,715 R . I ----N.H ... 2,697,640 Tenn.. 2,788,781 N ebr.. 2,792,480 Ga.. .. 3,207,008 M inn.. 4,346,300 La---- 4,395,876 T e x .. . 4,568,716 V a . . . . 4,642,202 Kans.. 4,979,650 M e.. . 5,182,135 Ky. . . 5,201,017 Conn.. 5,365,739 Md..._ 5,437,462 Wis. .. 7,588,325 M ich.. 8.627,949 N.J. .. 8,958,065 Mo.. . . 10,269,736 Iowa . 11,061,605 Ind. .. 12,343,630 Cal. .. 12,628,005 M ass.. 24,326,877 Ill....... 24,586,018 Ohio.. 26,756,668 Pa. . . . 28,604,334 N .Y ... 56,392,975 N . M ex I d a . .. W yo. . A r iz . . M on t. . U ta h .. D a k ... W a s h .- Per Rank State. Capita. Ala. - SCALE] .43 Nebr. .23 A rk .. Cal. . Nev.--37 Colo. 28 N.H.. .25 Conn. .14 N.J. ..10 D a k . . .41 N . M e x 47 Del. . -3 9 N .Y ... 1 D . O . . -35N .C .-.31 Ohio.. 3 Fla. . O r e g . .36 Ga__ Ida. _ P a .. . . 2 111. — JELL— 26 Ind. . S.C. -.32 Tenn.,24 Iowa. Kans. Tex. ..19 K y ... U t a h . . 42 Vt. ...34 La. ... M e.... V a ---- 18 M d... W a s h . - 40 Mass. W.Ya.30 Mich. Wis. ..12 Minn. W y o . .45 Miss. A r iz . $ 2 ,000,000 §4,000,000 $ 6, 000,000 $8,000,000 * 10 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 12,000,000 $14,000,000 $16,000,000 $18,000,000 * 2 0 , 000 ,0 00 $ 22,000,000 $24,000,000 §28,000,000 *30 ,0 00,000 M on t. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 $82,000,000 $34,000,000 $36,000,000 *40 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $42,000,000 $44,000,000 $46,000,000 $48,000,000 *50,000,000 $52,000,000 $54,000,000 $56,000,000 58 Pa. Indian Reservations.______ 06 1 37 Ala. -. 1 63 Tenn.. 1 81 S.C. .. 1 85 Ga_ _ 2 08 N . M ex N.C. .. Miss. . Fla. .. A rk ... T e x ... U tah.. V a .--. K y .... W. Va. D ak.. . Del. .. La. . . . M o.— Kans.. v t .... M ich.. Minn.. Wis. . M d.... I d a . .. Nebr.. Ind. .. O reg.. Pa. . . . $1 ( Unsettled Parts.................... 2 11 2 25 2 29 2 87 3 02 3 07 3 15 3 33 3 54 4 12 4 68 4 74 5 00 5 25 5 27 5 57 5 77 5 82 Ala. ..45 M o - -.30 A r i z . .16 M o n t . . 7 Ark. ..39 Nebr.. 22 Cal. .. 1 N e v... 2 Colo. . 5 N .H...15 Conn.. 9 N.J. ..14 D a k . ..33 N . M e x 4 1 Del. ..32 N .Y ... 4 D . C . ..10 N .C ...40 Fla. ..40 O hio..11 Ga.. ..42 Oreg. .20 I d a . . . S 3 Pa. ...19 111----- 13 R.I__8 Ind. ..21 S.C. ..43 Iow a .17 Tenn..44 Kans.. 29 Tex. ..38 K y— 35 U t a h . . 37 La. ...31 V t... .28 Me.... 12 Va. ...36 Md. ..24 W a s h . - 18 Mass.. 3 W. Va. 34 Mich.. 27 Wis. - .25 Minn.. 26 W y o . . 6 Miss. .41 !■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 6 01 22 6 17 21 6 24 20 6 37 19 6 68 18 Wash.- 6 73 17 Iow a . 6 81 16 A r i z . . 7 25 15 N.H... 7 77 14 N.J. .. 7 92 13 m ........ 7 99 12 M e .... 7 99 11 Ohio.. 8 05 10 D . C . . . 8 27 9 Conn.. 8 62 8 R.I— 9 74 7 M o n t . . 9 80 6 W y o . . . 11 07 6 Colo. . 11 07 4 N .Y ... 11 09 3 M ass.. 13 64 2 N e v... 14 00 1 Cal.. . 14 60 DO. Conn. R .I. Mont. W yo. Colo I N .Y. *15 > Nev. | Cal. CO PYRIG H T, 1883, BY C H I L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. P l a t e 7 5 z u t^ h t i f s s ce ■ m P late 7 5 c o m m er c e a » u , ic/ r m <3 12 ILS LAKE ,089------ n il - 12- -13- - u 21 1 7 23 3? m m v m m m TT 3 5 1 6 1 1 7 18 27 40 47 48 !“ It , « 69 60., 61 \ 80 81 82 State and Local Net Debt, per Capita, by States, 1880. (Figures from Page 31, Vol. “ Public Indebtedness,” Tenth Census.^ Rank State. 4 16 13' Per Capita. 18 F 1 26 25 30--: ~1 - -323 SCALEr $1 per Capita. 62 ttss* . 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 30 $0 71 81 1 78 2 45 3 19 4 86 4 90 5 38 5 85 7 22 7 29 7 39 9 03 9 08 9 28 9 33 9 75 9 88 9 89 N .M ex U tah.. Miss. . W. Ya. Wash.- O reg.. Iowa . Mich.. N .C ... Ida. .. T e x ... D a k ._. W is... K y .— Ind. .. A r iz . . Fla. .. Wyo. . A rk ... Minn.. Md. .. Ala. .. G a .. . . 78 92 11 65 11 67 12 76 13 10 13 41 14 68 15 24 16 01 16 07 16 41 16 45 18 49 19 38 19 41 24 25 26 26 26 63 27 83 30 91 34 53 35 33 43 03 43 80 45 60 47 38 51 19 127 66 V t .. . . S.C. .. Ill....... Ohio.. Del. .. Kans.. Nebr.. N ev... Colo. . Cal. .. 19 18 17 16 15 14 M o n t . . 13 Tenn.. 9 N .H ... 8 M e.... 7 Conn.6 N .Y ... 5 N.J. .. 4 L a .. . . 3 R.I— 2 M ass.. 1 D .C ... R a n k j S ta te . : 1 O reg.. N ev... W. Ya. Miss. . Del. .. Fla. .. Colo. . V t _____ N ebr.. A rk ... Iow a. N .C ... Minn.. Mich.. N .H ... Md__ T e x ... W is... R.I— S.C. .. Ala. .. Ky. . . Kans.. Cal. .. Ind. .. Ga.__ Conn. M e.... D .C ... Tenn.. Va— L a .. . . Ill....... Ohio.. N .J ... M o.-.. Mass.. Pa. . . . N .Y ... JE E p M ^n 2JAO Wt ' a^O na \ SANOiA^s5^T NO I y.°0»‘' G •' ll| ?L °° TE™ - . 8 V tf/ra . 1 1 2 3 T -16 - KEY • r j i8’i 18“ No debt reported ... ................... .. Md. A a. m. IN D E X , ***« & °0 •3200— $21 Ohio! $22 Dei. K y. ...34 'N.C. ..39 A r lz . La. . . . 4 O h io . 21 A rk .. Me_ 8 Oreg. .42 _ Cal.. M d ... .37 Pa_ 11 _ Colo. M ass.. 3 R.I__ 3 Conn. Mich. .40 S.C. ..23 D a k .. Minn. .28 Tenn..l3 Del. . Miss. .45 Tex. ..37 D .C .. M o .... 12 T J t a h . M M o n t . .14 Vt. ...24 Fla. . Ga. — Nebr.. 18 Va. ...10 Ida. . N e v .-1 7 W a s h .-43 N.H. 111. . . . W. Va.44 Ind. .. N.J. .. 5 Wis. ..35 Iowa 41 N . M e x f l W y o . .30 Kans.. .19 N.Y, 6 Ala. - I - r * 10 $ 20 $24 Colo, I T $25 Cal. ? I pA PAG 0 , 12 ; 6»ooo . «.. ,»5 I. 06 w m 1 M ont $30 Tenn. Under 50 cents per Capita.............. I Kdns. Nebr. INev. .2-::2; 7 V8 * . -- -------- . 95 57 H T V 50 cents and under $1 per Capita. (78 90 v? —- j ' - -La 1 $35 V a. K II. $40 Me C on 1 . N .Y. N J. R.I. I III iefljj city indebtc Chic 84,872 116,251 205,462 235,319 239,311 377,501 759,925 848,502 998,860 1,024,523 1,513,424 2,013,190 2,346,585 2,626,509 3,594,296 4,352,168 7,425,757 7,938,784 7,962,767 8,194,606 8,476,064 8,803,144 10,724,170 10,896,006 11,604,913 11,875,992 13,102,790 13,345,938 14,728,545 14,977,881 16,005,853 16,755,688 18,353,737 19,681,903 22,001,661 22,406,850 22,675,459 37,387,900 42,099,802 42,865,952 45,180,922 48,756,454 49,547,102 56,951,322 91,283,913 114,034,759 218,723,314 $20 and over, per Capita. IN D E X . Ala. -.19;Mo__ 4 A r l z . .42 M o n t . .41 Ark. ..80|Nebr..31 Cal. -.16|Nev...38 Colo. .33 N.H— 35 C onn..l3;N .J... 5 D a k . ..39 N . M e x i 7 ~ ' " N .Y — 1 N .C ...28 Ohio.. 6 Oreg. .40 Pa. . . . 2 7 R .I....2 1 S.C. ..20 Tenn.. 10 Tex. ..23 SCALEi A m o u n t. \ N .M e x % U ta h .. W yo. . Id a . .. W a s h .A r lz . . M o n t.. D a k .. . 83 unorganized A g gre ga te State and Local Net Debt, by States, 1880. (Figures from Table VIII, page 531, Vol. "Tu blio Indebtedness,” Tenth Census.! 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 93 10 86 12 M o.... 11 P a .. . . 10 V a .... ss ' 79 1 1 $2 ,000,000 $4,000,000 $ 6 , 000,000 $8 ,000,000 $ 10,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 $ 12,000,000 $14,000,000 $16,000,000 . $18,000,000 $ 2 0 , 000 ,0 0 0 $ 22 , 000,000 V t ... .32 Vft Q W W .Va.37 W is.-22 W y o . .45 $32,000,000 $34,000,000 $36,000,000 $38,000,000 l IND. \ “ W a sh A * $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 m b Unsettled P a rts ________ U t a h . AH $24,000,000 $26,000,000 $28,000,000 p w Indian Reservations..... ! \ / \ J \ f ta h . I i / colo. I----------- j ! I / ARU- i *.m . J KANS. | ~ T ~ q ---------- v - i - ■4______ \ \ * Y_ -} ' f~ J T EN N. 2 / c . / " VA. ____ N.C- i $ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $42,000,000 $44,000,000 $4G,000,000 $48,000,000 w a .. Mi BB Ml M IM M Mi m J Cal. TEX. $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 M B^M ■ $6 0,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 C >nn $ 7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Me. $ 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 D C . $ 9 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 mm mm mm m mm mm mm m 'tv> m mm ■ ■ ■ ■ > ■ h h h i m mi mi I •aMMBBBBl M M M I ■ M M iM M M i ^ ^ B a B^B I I $ • M Mi BB M Mi Mi Mi mm Mi ■ 100 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ Ohio. N J. $ 120 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 mm mm mm m a mm mm tmt ■ H i ■M( l l 1 l ( - im 1 l 110, 000,000 l Mates. ■ ■ I HI ■ mm mm $ ,0 0 0 i:O 0 ,0 0 $1 40 ,00 0,000 *1 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $1 60,000,000 Pa. mm mm mm mm mm nM BBJB^BMH^ * » im i Mi mm m m i M m i bm mm mm mm mm I Mi M^M^BB $170,000,000 $1 80,000,000 $ 2 00 , 000,000 $ 210, 000,000 : F X : D T _ A _ : N " 0 :E ! P l a t e 76 _A.U STID C O IM IIM IE IR O IE ] MUNICIPAL NET DEBT. INDEX. Albany, N.Y................ 45 Harrisburg, Pa. ----- .57 Poughkeepsie, N.Y. . . 8 .13 Allegheny, P a--------- 80 Hartford, C onn.------ .14 Providence, R. I. Atlanta, Ga. . . . . . 34 Hoboken, N .J. ........... .55 Quincy, 111.................... .20 Auburn, N .Y............... 74 Holyoke, Mass............ .49 Reading, P a............. .76 Augusta, Ga— ........... 12 Indianapolis, Ind. — .67 Richmond, Va......... .21 Baltimore, Md. . . . 99 Jersey City, N .J......... . 5 Rochester, N.Y. __ .31 Bay City, Mich. . _. _ 79 Kansas City, M o .----- .75 Sacramento, C a l.__ .48 .84 St. Joseph, Mo. ----- .32 Boston, Mass. __......... 18 Lancaster, Pa. . Bridgeport, Conn.---- 69 Lawrence, Mass. . . .41 St. Louis, Mo........... .25 23 Louisville, K y............. .51 St. Paul, Minn........... .53 Brooklyn, N .Y .__ Buffalo, N.Y. -------- 37 Lowell, Mass............... .64 Salem, Mass................. .42 Cambridge, Mass. — 26 Lynn, Mass. ........... .36 Salt Lake City, U tah. .97 Camden, N .J .----- . . 62 Manchester, N.H. . . . .60 San Antonio, Tex___ .93 2 San Francisco, Cal. . . .91 Charleston, S.C........... 16 Memphis, Tenn. . 6 Chelsea, Mass. ------ 19 Milwaukee, W is......... .83 Savannah, Ga. . . . 95 Chicago, 111................... 68 Minneapolis, M inn.. _.73 Scranton, Pa. . .11 Somerville, M a ss.__ .29 15 Mobile, Ala.......... Cincinnati, Ohio. Cleveland, Ohio. . . . 47 N ashville, Tenn.......... .52 Springfield, 111. . . .50 72 Newark, N .J. ............. .24 Springfield, Mass. . . .35 Columbus, Ohio___ 56 New Bedford, Mass. _.46 Springfield, Ohio . .98 Covington, K y .. Davenport, Iowa___ 89 New Haven, Conn. . . .70 Syracuse, N.Y. ____ .65 61 New Orleans, La. _ . . 17 Taunton, M ass.___ .78 Dayton, Ohio ___ .92 .100 Newport, Kv................ .39 Terre Haute, Ind. Denver, Colo. __ Des Moines, Iowa . . 66 New York, N.Y......... . 9 Toledo, Ohio........... .28 Detroit, Mich_____ . 81 Norfolk, V a .______ . 7 Trenton, N .J................ .77 Dubuque, Iowa_____ . 54 Oakland, Cal................ .82 Troy, N.Y.................... .86 .87 . 1 Omaha, Nebr. ____ .94 Utica, N.Y. Elizabeth, N .J. . Elmira, N.Y................. . 90 Oswego, N .Y .______ .39 W ashington, D .C ._ . 4 Erie, Pa........................ . 44 Paterson. N .J ._____ .63 W heeling, W .V a___ .85 . 22 Peoria, 111________ _ .71 W ilkesbarre, Pa......... .90 Evansville, Ind.. F all River, Mass------ . 27’Petersburg, V a .____ .38 W ilmington, Del. . .58 Fort W ayne, Ind. . . . . 59 Philadelphia, P a .__ .30, Worcester, Mass------ .43 40 Pittsburgh, Pa. . .10! Galveston, Tex. . Grand Rapids, Mich. . 88 Portland, Me............... - 31 NET DEBT, PER CAPITA, OF THE LARGEST ONE HUNDRED CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1880. (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) Rank City. Population 18*0. Net Debt 1880. Total. Per Cap. 20,000 35,629 $ 332,313 854,466 20,730 58,627 20,768 67,000 23,339 95.097 45,850 325,202 30,518 227,578 94 155,266 20,550 93 26,042 267,224 92 Terre Haute, I n d .----3,059,285 91 San Francisco, Cal. — 233.959 20,541 270,400 90 Elmira, N. Y ..............- - 290,675 21,831 89 Davenport, Iow a.......... 471,000 32,016 88 Grand Rapids, Mich. _ 566,000 87 Utica, N .Y ........ .......... .. . 33,914 958,296 56,747 86 Troy, N .Y ._________ 531,882 30,737 85 W heeling, W .V a____ 464,142 25,769 84 2,160,289 115,587 83 669,126 34,555 82 2,282,772 116,340 81 1,596,429 78,682 80 438,470 20,693 79 449,715 21.213 78 664,501 29,910 77 Trenton, N .J. — ......... 999,000 43,280 76 1,339,224 55’785 75 530,000 21,924 74 1,137,467 46,887 73 Minneapolis, Minn---1,259,162 51,647 72 Columbus, Ohio........... 716,500 29,259 .............. 71 Peoria, 111.. 1,584,619 62,882 70 New Haven, Conn. ___ 740,268 29,148 69 Bridgeport, Conn. . . . 68 Chicago, 111..................... 503,185 12,794,271 1,914,500 75,056 67 Indianapolis, Ind. . — 578,000 22,408 66 Des Moines, Iowa 51,792 1,351,500 65 Syracuse, N.Y. -----1,554,274 59,475 64 Lowell, M ass.___ 1,359,500 51,031 63 Paterson, N. J . 41,659 1,164,900 62 Camden, N .J. . ___ 1,101,521 38,678 61 Dayton, Ohio __ . . . 972,907 32,630 60 Manchester, N .H .----856,900 26,880 59 Fort W ayne, I n d .___ 1,372,450 42,478 58 W ilmington, D e l.___ 1,065,300 30,762 57 Harrisburg, Pa. 1,030,000 29,720 56 Covington, Ky. ........... 1,100,250 30,999 55 Hoboken, N .J. -------804,611 22,254 54 Dubuque, Iowa--------1,526,715 41,473 53 St. Paul, M in n ._____ 1,606,200 43,350 52 Nashville, Tenn............ 51 Louisville, K y___ . . . 123,758 4,849,935 778,780 19,743 50 Springfield, 111. . . . . 878,454 21,915 49 Holyoke, M a s s .____ 861,000 21,420 48 Sacramento, Cal. . 6.467,046 160,146 47 Cleveland, Ohio 1,086,000 26,845 46 New Bedford, Mass. _. 90,758 3,683,765 45 Albany, N.Y. ............... 27,737 1,148,729 44 Erie, Pa. . . . . ......... 2,447,543 58,291 43 Worcester, Mass........... 1,162.488 27,563 42 1,717,000 39,151 41 Lawrence, M a ss.__ 1,023,249 22,248 40 Galveston, Tex. . . . . . 966,618 20,433 39 Newport, Kv................ 1,136,100 21,656 38 Petersburg, V a .___ 8,211,934 37 Buffalo, N .Y .----------- 155,134 38,274 2,072,815 36 Lynn, Mass. . . 1,928,000 33,340 35 Springfield, Mass.......... 37,409 2,180,000 34 Atlanta, Ga............ 1,264,224 21,116 33 Oswego, N.Y......... 1,965,600 32,431 32 St. Joseph, M o .-------5,440,686 89,366 31 Rochester, N .Y .. ----30 Philadelphia, P a . ----- 847,170 54,223,844 1,596,974 24,933 29 Somerville, M a ss.----50,137 3,224,660 28 Toledo, Ohio.................. 3,160,765 48,961 27 F all River, Mass_____ 3,403,723 52,669 26 Cambridge, Mass. 350,518 22,847,761 25 St. Louis, M o.. . 136,508 9,070,032 24 23 Brooklvn, N.Y. — . . . 566,663 38,040,000 1,984,000 29,280 22 Evansville, In d.. ----63,600 4,399,021 21 Richmond, V a.. 27,268 1,917,888 20 Quincy, 111. 1,554,496 21,782 . . 19 Chelsea, Mass. 362,839 28,244,018 18 Boston, Mass. 17 New Orleans, L a .. _.. 216,090 17,736,509 49,984 4,129,102 16 Charleston, S.C............. 15 Cincinnati, Ohio........... 255,139 21,992,500 3,689,855 42,551 14 Hartford, C onn.------13 Providence, R .I--------- 104,857 9,373,056 1,959,519 21,891 12 Augusta, G a.................. 2,609,250 29,132 11 Mobile, Ala. 10 Pittsburgh, P a .-------- 156,389 14,134,296 1,206,299 109,425,414 9 New York, N.Y. . 1,939,198 20,207 8 Poughkeepsie, N.Y. __ 2,187,371 21,966 7 Norfolk, V a .----- --3,425,000 30,709 6 Savannah, Ga. ............. 5 Jersey City, N .J........... 120,722 15,386,435 22,675,459 4 W ashington, D.C. — 177,624 33,810 4,322,154 3 33,592 4,554,355 2 Memphis, T e n n .____ 28,229 5,512,638 1 lElizabeth, N .J. - ......... 100 99 98 97 98 Denver, Colo.................. Baltimore, Md. __ Springfield, Ohio......... Salt Lake City, Utah W ilkesbarre, Pa. _ _ ; per Capita. .56 2.57 2.83 3.23 4.07 7.09 7.46 7.56 10.26 13.08 13.16 13.31 14.71 16.69 16.89 17.30 18.01 18.69 19.36 19.62 20.29 21.19 21.20 22.22 23.08 24.00 24.17 24.26 24.38 24.49 25.20 25.40 25.43 25.51 25.79 26.09 26.13 26.64 27.96 28.48 29.81 31.88 32.31 34.63 34.66 35.49 36.16 36.81 37.05 39.19 39.45 40.08 40.20 40.38 40.45 40.59 41.42 41.99 42.18 43.86 45.99 47.31 52.46 52.93 54.16 57.83 58.27 59.87 60.61 60.88 64.01 64.05 64.32 64.56 64.62 65.18 66.44 67.13 67.76 69.17 70.33 71.37 77.84 82.08 82.61 86.20 86.72 89.39 89.51 89.57 90.38 90.71 95.97 99.58 111.53 127.45 127.66 127.84 135.58 195.28 N o t e s .—The population and net debt of W ashington, D. C., as here given, are the figures for the entire District of Columbia, the corporations of Washington and Georgetown having been abolished in 1871. Therefore, the per capita debt of the city is the same as the per capita debt of the en tire District. The population and net debt of Bridgeport and Hartford, Conn., are the figures for the respective towns, since the cities have no sep arate financial system. The volume “ Public Indebtedness,” Tenth Census, states the indebt edness of St. Joseph, Mo., in one place at $2,445,600, and in another at $1,965,600. Not knowing which is correct, the city is here given the bene fit of the doubt. $140 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. I 1 ST F 1 I ' I NC E O MV I I OE O I LER I P l a t e 7 7 ANALYSIS OF STATE AND LOCAL DEBT. (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) Increase and Decrease of Net Debt, per Capita, by States, 1870-1880. (VoL “ P ublic Indebtedness,” Tenth Census, P ag es 30 an d 31. Increase per Cap. R.I. $20 $4 $3 $2 $11 State 1870. 1880. 1870 3880 State Hank $20 06 $27 32 $47 38 R .I......... 47 18 58 25 22 43 80 N .J___ 46 4 20 16 01 Del___ 45 11 81 9 88 W y o ___ 44 9 88 1 09 9 33 A r i z ___ 43 8 24 26 52 34 53 Me.......... 42 8 01 41 7 39 D a k ___ 41 6 98 _ 8 35 15 24 Ohio_ 40 6 89 6 57 36 46 43 03 N Y . . . 39 5 88 13 53 19 41 M o n t __ 38 1 97 7 29 T ex___ 37 5 32 4 65 9 28 Ind____ 36 4 63 4 52 6 34 10 86 Minn. __ 35 3 70 47 49 51 19 Mass_ 34 _ 3 54 31 79 35 33 Conn. __ 33 9 03 W is___ 32 5 60 3 43 2 40 4 86 Oreg. . _ 31 2 46 2 23 10 87 13 10 V t........... 30 1 40 17 09 18 49 Colo___ 29 1 35 25 28 26 63 P a . ___ 28 8 57 9 89 A r k .__ 27 1 32 2 45 W .V a. . 26 1 18 1 27 81 U t a h __ 25 81 63 8 71 N . M e x . . 24 sc a l e Rank Net Debt per Cap. Purpose. Cemeteries______________ Fire department_______ _ Sewers....................................... Bridges.................................. .. Schools and libraries ........... Improvement of harbors, a . Parks and public p la c e s __ Public buildings________ W ar expenses ..................... .. Streets _________________ Miscellaneous___________ Refunding old d e b t.............. W ater-w o rks___________ Funding floating d e b t......... Railroad and other aid ......... Amount. 283,816 2,514,082 21.370.536 24,853,388 26,509,457 36,224.548 40.612.536 48,493,952 75,154,400 86,674,860 130,374,758 138,743,730 146,423,565 153,949,095 185,638,948 $24 $25 $26 $27 $28 $29 $30 N.C. Md. La. ,000,000 $ 100, 000,000 $ 120 , 000,000 $140,000,000 $160,000,000 $180,000,000 $ 200, 000,000 $ 220,000,000 f ■ ■ ■ fffin W ■ I 1 H H II of Interest. Amount. 91 per 7i “ 9 “ 5* “ 6* “ 3 “ 41 “ 2 “ 31 “ !■ ■ ■ i■ Classification of the Net Debt, by Civil Divisions. (Vol. “P ub lic In debtedness.” Tenth Census, 1880, P ag es 521 to 627.) Amount. Hi $240,000,000 $260,000,000 $280,000,000 $ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $320,000,000 $340,000,000 $360,000,000 $380,000,000 $ 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $420,000,000 $440,000,000 $460,000,000 $20 an d o v e r ,. $480,000,000 $ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $520,000,000 $540,000,000 $560,000,000 $580,000,000 U nder $ 1 . $ 6 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $620,000,000 $1 an d u n d er $2 $640,000,000 *5. *: $660,000,000 $680,000,000 ..... $5 1 $ 7 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $720,000,000 *10 . $15 $740,000,000 $760,000,000 *15 . $780,000,000 $20 a n d over, _. $ 8 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 d D H I !■ ■ ■ ■ ! !■ ■ ■ $820,000,000 $840,000,000 $860,000,000 $880,000,000 $ 9 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $920,000,000 $940,000,000 $960,000,000 $980,000,000 1 2 S i 5 6 7 $ 1,000,000 ,000 n ■ COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’ S SONS. I $23 $40,000,000 $60,000,000 (VoL, “ P ublic Indebtedness,” Tenth Census, 1880, P ag e 36.) School district....... .................... $ 17,507,411 Township...................................... 31,601,244 Cities, &c. (Pop. under 7,500). 55,817,126 County............................................ 123,877,686 234,436,261 State (proper)......... ...................... Cities and towns (7,500 and over) 593,344,418 Total.................. .......... .................. 1,056,584,146 $31 $22 $20, 000,000 Classification of the Bonded Debt, by Rates Civil Divisions. $20 SCALE: a. Rivers, wharves, canals, and water-power. Kate of Interest. a The indebtedness of the D i»trict of Columbia was reported in 1870 at $19 72 per capita, and in 1880 at $127 66, an increase of $107 94, chiefly city debt. Increase and Decrease of Net Debt, per Capita, | cent. ........... .. .................. $ 5,000 “ .......................... ............ 464,844 “ 476,124 “ ....................................... 589,100 “ ....................................... 1,544,832 “ . 1,588,371 “ .............................. ........ 6,277,615 “ ........................ 6,578,000 “ ....................................... 13,504,900 “ .......................- ............ 17,786,070 10 “ “ .......................... 23,370,864 4 < a < 27^937^819 U nspecified...................... 48,362,467 8 per cent______ 49 788 885 5 “ “ ................. 160 110418 7 “ “ .............................. 242,604 036 6 “ “ ............. ........................ 516,832,826 10IN.C.. . 4 2|Ohio. .40 42jOreg. .31 3 Pa___ 28 R . I__ 47 S . C ....1 1 Tenn. _ 6 Tex. ..3 7 U t a h . .25 Vt___ 30' Va___ 5 W a s h . .22 W .V a. 26 W is. ..3 2 W y o . . .44 U.8___ 18 : Purposes for Which the Bonded Debt was Contracted. (VoL “ P ub lic Indebtedness,” Tenth Census, 1880, P ag e 32.) A la.. . .16 K y . .. _ .43 La_ A rk .. .27 M e ... C a l... 7 Md. __ Colo.. 29[Mass. Conn. 33 Mich. Minn. D ak.. M iss.. D el... M o... D .C .. M o n t. F la .. . Nebr. Q a.. . Nev. .. Id a . .. N .H .. 1 1 1 .... N .J. . In d ... N .M e x . Iowa _ Kans. _17|N.Y. A r iz .. Decrease per Cap. 30 Mich. . . $ 5 68 $ 5 38 $ 52 W a sh . . . 3 71 3 19 58 Nebr. _. 16 99 16 41 77 Mo. . . . . 27 25 26 48 1 35 1 78 Miss___ 3 13 1 46 u . s_ _ 22 53 21 07 1 61 Kans. 17 68 16 07 1 65 Ala......... 13 32 11 67 1 84 4 90 Io w a__ 6 74 1 89 9 75 F la____ 11 64 1 93 111........... 16 61 14 68 4 13 N.H___ 35 04 30 91 5 12 S.C___ 18 53 13 41 9 08 5 27 Ky------ 14 35 Ga. . . . . 18 37 12 76 5 61 7 22 7 62 Id a ____ 14 84 Cal____ 32 29 19 38 12 91 14 55 Tenn. . . 38 80 24 25 Va.......... 45 64 27 83 17 81 5 85 24 46 N.C. . . . 30 31 Md____ 37 18 11 65 25 53 L a .___ 73 03 45 60 27 43 N e v .__ 46 74 16 45 30 29 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 INDEX. P late 7 8 z e t i u n t ^a ^u P l a t e 7 8 ^ .n srx ) s t o ie NATIONAL DEBT OF THE UNITED STATES Distribution o f U. S. Registered Bonds Am ong Private Citizens, 1880. (Vol. “ Public Indebtedness,” Tenth Census, paces 242 __________________ to 245.) Holdings of 4, 41 and 5%Reg. Bonds. Total H eld. SCALE: $500 and under held by each person. 25,557 $ 7,539,750 From $500 to $ 1,000 “ 14,740 13,040,850 1,000 2,500 12,376 21,935,150 2,500 5,000 8,351 32.439.250 5,000 10,000 4,987 39,326,300 10,000 25.000 3,279 54,257,350 25,000 50.000 1,299 49,415,950 Over $50,000___ 199.584.250 $40,000,000 $60,000,000 $80,000,000 $ N..ra o Hldof, o THE NATIONAL DEBT. Outstanding Principal on Jan. 1, from 1790 to 1842, and on July 1, from 1843 to 1880. * 77,788,722 75,463,477 ■ ■ I 77,227,925 80,352,634 I Hi H I 78,427,405 |Hfl| 80.747.587 ■ ■ I 83,762,172 82,064,479 ■H I 79,228,529 m 78,408,670 82,976,294 83,038,051 80,712,632 77,054,686 I H I 86,427,121 82,312,151 75,723,271 69,218,399 65,196,318 57,023,192 53,173,218 48.005.588 45,209,738 55,902,828 81,487,846 99,833,600 127,334,934 123,491,965 103,466,634 95,529,648 91,015,566 89,987,428 93,546,6 90,875,877 I■ SK 90,269,778 83,788,433 81,054,060 73,987,357 67,475,044 to 58,421,414 48,565,407 39,123,192 ■ |■ 24,322,235 7,001,699 ■ 4,760,082 37,733 37,513 336,958 3,308,124 10.434.221 ■ 3,573,344 5,250,876 13,594,481 " 32,742,922 • n ; 23,461,653 M i l 15,925,303 ■ 15,550,203 SR 38,826,535 47,044,862 mmm 63,061,859 63,452,774 68,304,796 66,199,342 59,803,118 42.242.222 35,586,957 31,972,538 28,099,832 44,911,881 58,496,838 64,842,288 90,580,874 524,176,412^ 1,119,772,139 1.815.784.371 2,080,647,870 2,773,236,174 2,678,126,104 2,611,687,851 2,588,452,214 2,480,672,428 2,353,211,332 2,253,251,329 2,202,752,993 2,192,930,408 2,173,869,532 2,147,555, 2,150,341,392 2,209,450,893 2,319,197,482 2.105.950.371 $27,894,350 90,353,350 227,451,550 319,937,800 327,185,500 417,538,850 Classification of Interest Bearing Debt, July 1, 1880. (From the Annual Reports SCALE: of the Secretary of $20,000,000 the Treasury.) $40,000,000 $60,000,000 Ycar Amount. $80,000,000 17 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1880 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1800 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 T H otal eld. Residents of foreign countries_______ Private citizens of the U. S. (females).. 29,325 Banks, insurance, trust companies, &e.. 1,527 National Banks to secure circulation... 2,076 Private citizens of the U. S. (males)_ 42,262 _ Total—Private citizens of the IT S. . 71,587 (Vol. “ Public Indebtedness,” Tenth Census, plate VII., page 43.) Rte rt. a reof to Class of Bonds. In Amount. 3* Navy Pension Fund.......................... . $ 14,000,000 100 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 120,000,000 $140,000,000 (Vol.'“Public Indebtedness,” Tenth Census R k S te. an . ta T otal. 40 Oreg. $ 126,300 39 Ga... 181,400 $140,000,000 38 Nev.. 211,000 | $160,000,000 37 Nebr. 248,750 $180,000,000 36 Fla. . 253,850 35 Ark.. * 2 0 0 , 0 00 ,0 00 312,400 34 Minn. 420,250 $ 220 ,000,000 33 Ala. . 474,100 $ 210 , 000,000 32 Tex.. 623,450 31 N. C.. $ 200 , 000,000 639,000 30 VV.Va 661,500 $280,000,000 29 S. C.. 760,200 *300,000,000 28 Terri. 837.550 $320,000,000 27 Del. . 1,008,150 26 Miss.- 1,014,800 $340,000,000 25 Kans. 1,188,800 $360,000,000 24 Iowa. 1,285,450 $380,000,000 23 Wis.. 1,331,400 *400,22 V a... 1,749,750 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 21 K y... 1,770,160 $420,- 20 Colo. 1,897,550 000,000 19 Mich. 1,941,200 18 Tenn. 2,341,200 17 La. .. 2,458,000 16 V t... 3,595,150 15 Mo... 3,783,600 14 Me... 3,968,500 13 Ind. . 3,980,800 12 N. II. 4,658,150 11 K. 1.. 4,717,100 10 Md... 6,989,600 9 N. J.. 8,104,150 8 Conn. 8,894,400 7 Hi.... 9,119,950 6 Cal... 11,601,100 5 D.V.. 12,419,050 4 Ohio.- 16,445,050 3 Pa. .. 40.223,050 2 Mass. 45,138,750 1 IN Y. 210,264,250 . SCALE: 100 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 120,000,000 General Distribution of U. S. Registered Bonds, 1880. 4, 4J and 5%Reg. Bonds held by Distribution of Registered 4, 44, and 5 % Bonds, by States, 1880. $20,000,000 6* Registered Bonds.................................. 177,692,050 Total 6%Bonds................. . . .................. 235,780,400 Coupon Bonds...................................... 78,892,650 4« Total 4\$ Bonds................................... 250,000,000 190,278,400 6jt Registered Bonds.................................. 294,586,500 ___Average Distribution, per Capita of Total Population, of Registered 4, 44, and 5% Bonds, s o n ;. —The distributions shown on the map and charts were determined by the Census Bureau, from the interest schedules of the Treasury Department. The interest on the 6 per cent, registered bonds having been made payable in the ten principal cities, instead of at the Treasury, and the coupon bonds being transferable without registration, it was impossible to determine their distribution. INDEX. $20,000,000 $40,000,000 $60,000,000 $80,000,000 $O IO ,- 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 120,000,00 Ala. .33 Mo... .15 Ariz. .28 Mont. .28 Ark.. .35 Nebr. .37 C al.. . 6 Nev.. .38 Colo. .20 N II .12 . ('onn . 8 N. J. . 9 Dak. .28 N.Mex23 Del. ..27 N. Y. . 1 D. C. . 5 N C .31 Fla. . .36 Ohio. . 4 Ga... .39 Oreg. .40 Ida. . .28 Pa 3 111... 7 R. I.. .11 Ind. ..13 S. C.. .29 Iowa. .24 Tenn. .18 Kans. .25 Tex.. 32 Ky.'-- .21 Utah. .28 La... .17 Vt... .16 Me... .14 Va... .22 Md... .10 Wash. 28 Mass. 2 W Va 30 Mich. 19 W is.. 23 Minn. 34 Wyo.. 28 Miss. 26 $160,000,000 $180,000,000 * 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 220,000,000 •I *500,000,000 *600,000,000 $700,000,000 Coupon Bonds...................................... 211,639,850 4% Registered Bonds.................................. 527,707,950 Total 4% Bonds..................................... 739,347,800 Average Distribution, per Capita of Actual Holders, of Registered 4, 44, and 5% Bonds, by States, 1880. (Vol. “ Publio Indebtedness,” Tenth Census, page 238.) State. Average. S C A LE : 41 N. H. $ 1,584 94 40 Vt. .. 1,883 26 39 Me... 2,319 40 38 Mass. 2,678 0G $4,000 37 in .... 2,940 97 36 N. J.. 2,984 95 $6,000 35 Ga... 3,127 58 34 W. Va 3,409 79 33 Kans. 3,646 62 $8,000 32 Conn. 3,757 66 31 Ala. . 3,762 69 30 Tex.. 3,765 82 $jo ,ooo 29 Va... 3,820 41 28 Penn. 3,864 62 $12,000 27 Wis. . 3,892 97 26 K y... 3,924 94 25 Fla... 3,966 40 $14,000 24 Ohio. 3,981 85 23 Ark.. 4,005 12 $16,000 22 Mo... 4,055 30 21 Mich. 4,285 20 20 Minn. 4,470 74 $18,000 . 19 N C.4,500 00 18 Nebr. 4,522 72 17 Iowa. 4,542 22 * 2 0 ,0 0 0 16 D.O.. 5,269 00 15 S. C.. 5,548 90 14 K. 1.. 5,628 99 13 Ind. . 5,703 15 12 JJ. S. . 5,832 61 11 Tenn. 6,344 71 10 Miss.6,463 05 9 Terri. 7,545 49 8 Md... 7,597 39 7 Oreg. 9,021 42 6 La. .. 9,381 67 5 Del. .. 10,081 50 4 Nev.. 11,722 22 3 N. Y. 14,204 16 2 Cal... 28,226 52 1 Colo 31,107 37 IN D E X . Ala. .31 Mo... .22 Ariz . 9 Mont.. 9 Ark.. .23 Nebr. .18 Cal. .. 2 Nev.. 4 Colo. 1 N H 41 . . Conn .32 N. J.. .36 Dak. . 9 N.MtX 0 Del. .. 5 n. y. 3 d . a . .16 N. C. .19 Fla. ..25 Ohio. .24 Ga... .35 Oreg. 7 Ida. . . 9 Pa.. . .28 m... -87 K. L. .14 Ind. ..13 s. c.. .15 Iowa .17 Tenn. .11 Kans .33 Tex.. .30 Ky... .26 Utah. 9 La... . 6 v t... .40 Me... .39 Va, .29 Md... - 8 Wash 9 Mass. .38 VV.Va 34 Mich. .21 Wis .27 Minn. .20 Wyo.. 9 Miss. .10 11. s . . 12 Average Distribution, per Capita of Total Population,, of Reg istered 4, 44, and b% Bonds, 1880. (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) Hk an 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 Foreign and Domestic Holdings of all U. S. Bonds. 7 6 5 4 3 2 $800,000,000 (Vol. “ Public Indebtedness,” Tenth Census, pages 234 and 264.) Class of Bonds. Holders. Foreign........... Coupon Bonds Domestic........ (June 30, 1880.) Total Coupon.. Foreign................. Registered Bonds Domestic.............. Total Registered., Total Coupon and Registered Bonds........ 1 Amount. $221,108,425 j 316,423,825 . 537,532,250 . 27,894,350 .1,145,854,900 .|l,173,749,250 J 1,711,281,500 ■ Ml llfl S C A LE : S ta te . Per Capita G a... $ Tex.. Ala. . A rk.. N.C.. Minn. Nebr. Oreg. S.C. . Iowa. Miss.Fla. . W is.. W.Va V a... Mich. Kans. Jerri. Tenn. K y... Mo... Ind. . in. Nev.. Ohio Me... Del. . N.J. . Md... 11.8... Pa. .. Colo.v t . .. Cal. . N.H., Conn. R.I... Mass. N.Y.. D.C.. $4,000 per Capita. 0 12 32 88 39 46 55 55 72 76 79 90 94 1 01 1 07 1 16 1 19 1 19 1 38 1 62 1 71 1 74 2 01 2 62 2 96 3 39 5 14 6 12 6 88 7 16 7 48 8 32 9 39 9 76 10 82 13 42 13 42 14 28 17 06 25 31 41 85 69 90 $12,000 $16,000 $ 2 0 ,0 0 0 $24,000 $28,000 $32,000 $36,000 $40,000 A la ...39 Mo... .21 Ariz. .24 Mont. .24 Ark.. -38Ltfebr. .35 Cal. .- 7 Nev.. .17 Colo. . 9 N.H.. 6 Conn - 5 N.J. . .13 Dak...24 N.Mex24 Del. ..14 N.Y.. 2 D.C.. . 1 N.C. ..37 Fla. ..30 iOhio. .16 Ga... .41 Oreg. .34 Ida. . .24 Pa. .10 in .. . .18 R.I. . 4 Ind. . .20 S.C. . .33 Iowa 32 Tenn. .23 Kans -25 Tex.. 40 Ky.-- .22 Utah. .24 La... -39 Vt. -. 8 Me... .15 Va . .27 Md.. .12 Wash -24 Mass.. 3 VV.Va.28 Mich. .26 Wis...29 Minn. -36 Wyo. .24 Miss. .31 11.8... 11 KEY $1 and under $2 per capita..... 2 $ » 2 3 $5 „ $5 „ „ „ $20 and over $8 ,, 4 $12 ,, $ „ 8 $12 „ „ -...... 5 $20 „ 6 « *t ------ 7 $60,000 I0 J 4 $ 1 0 0 0 , 000,000 , ■ m tm m i m m ■■ ■ ■ ■ I ■ Classification of the National Debt, June 30, 1880. (Official Statement of the Public Debt.) Class of Debt. Non-Interest Bearing a. Interest Bearing_____... Total (net).................... $ 2 , 0 0 0 , 000,000 Amount. $381,957,271 1,723,993,100 2,105,950,371 - $70 Year. $60 N ATIO AL D BT N E $50 War with Northwest Inc $40 $30 $20 Debt per Capita. $10 Year. 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 Debt per Capita. $19 18 18 18 17 17 17 16 15 15 15 80 66 55 74 75 73 85 96 87 23 63 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 I ■ ■■■ Debt per Capita. Year. $15 15 15 34 13 21 14 19 13 25 11 82 10 47 9 57 8 11 7 34 6 44 5 89 7 08 10 02 11 92 14 78 13 92 11 34 10 17 9 42 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 Debtpier CapitaL . $9 05 9 14 8 63 8 33 7 51 7 06 6 26 5 55 4 67 3 77 2 95 1 71 50 33 03 0 003 02 21 63 21 Year. 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 I860 Debt per Capita. $0 30 75 1 75 1 21 80 75 1 83 2 15 2 80 2 73 2 84 2 67 2 33 1 59 1 30 1 13 99 1 50 1 91 2 06 Year. 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1807 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 W ar o f 11 82 and War with the Creeks Debt per Capita. $ 2 82 16 02 33 56 53 33 77 14 78 18 73 95 70 65 68 55 64 28 59 59 55 67 53 07 51 49 49 72 47 82 46 60 46 58 47 55 41 98 • IPUBLIC DEBT PER CAPITA, 1790 TO 1880. • ( • Note.—The color line crossing this chart from left to right shows the annua — ariations of the Public Debt, per capita, from 1790 to 1880. (For further explanation see Plan of Chart, Plate 79J < d 0. T" Q . • $70 C L V" — • $60 • $50 B ack H awk’s V i/ar. Florida \ A/ar. Wa r wil h Mexico. Civi Wa 3 Debt per Capita $ 40 1 • 1 $30 — $20 - - 3 1 — •— •—— _•— —c £ ”1“ O... cl— • ■•»»*. -— * ♦ ' ♦—■ . . . • a • • 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 837 1838 1839 1840 1841|1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 J1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 [1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. $10 Z i s ^ s cE Fu r n r i c o m m er c e P l a t e 7 9 1880. ISSUES AND REDEMPTIONS OF UNITED STATES LOANS. 1777. (C o m p ile d fro m tlie V o lu m e “ P u b lic I n d e b te d n e s s ,” T e n th C e n su s.) GOVERNMENT LOANS. Title of Loan. Rato of In terest. When Author ized. Amount Issued. $1,640,559,947 $450,000,000. 981,134,880 Indefinite........ 829,992,500 ,800,000,000! — 739,480,800 ,1,500,000,000. .. 716,099,247 .150,000,000...... 601,600,000 Indefinite........ 561,753,242 No limit 517,994,150 Part of No. 4 ... 514,771,600 15,000,000....... 379.618.000 00,000,000 .... 368,720,080 ' 50,000.000......... f art of No. 10.. 332,998,950 266,595,440 $400,000,000 ___ 250,000,000 Part of No. 4 ... 203,327,250 Part of No. 10. 196.118.300 ;200,ooo,ooo. . . 189,321,350 1250,000,000 ... 166.480.000 ’art of No. 13. 139,999,750 Indefinite...... 125.561.300 )400,000,000 .. . 85.155.000 575,000,000 ___ 75.000. 000 575,000,000 . 60.030.000 560,000,000 ... 52.778.900 ndefinite---M C00 ... .- 47.002.900 I 44.520.000 No. 13 42,539,350 Part of No. 1040,012,750 Indefinite ....... 35,364,450 Indefinite........ 30,088,398 Indefinite........ d 28,230,350 23,000.000 ___ 26,122,100 ’art of No. 3121.018.000 Indefinite ........ 20 .000 . 000 120,000,000 ___ 19,719,237 ’art of No. 30.. 18.415.000 ,25,000,000 ----16,000,000 . . . . . e 18,109,377 16,000,000 16,000.000 ----14,649,329 ’art of No. 30.. 14.000. 000 Indefinite........ 12,288,148 18,452,800 ___ 11.250.000 11,250,000 10.010.900 10,000,000 ----10 .000 . 000 10,000,000 ----9,919,476 ‘“ .,000,000 ----9,070,386 1,000,000 ___ f 8,498,582 I 7,500,000 ......... 8,343,886 17,000,000 8.318.400 10,500,000 ....... 8.134.700 11,000,000 ----7,687,800 110,000,000 ........ 7.022.000 .121,000,000 ----7,004,231 Indefinite........ 7.000. 000 17,000,000 ......... 6.481.700 18,500,000 ......... 6,294,051 h 5,672,977 $12,000,000 ----5,384,135 . Part of No. 45« 5.000.000 $5,000,000 ......... 5.000.000 $5,000,000 ......... 5.000.000 $5,000,000 ........ 5.000.000 $5,000,000 ....... 5.000. 000 . $10,000,000 ___ 4,999.149 . Part of No. 51. 4.969.400 Part of No. 46.. 4,735,296 . $5,000,000........ 4,454,728 $15,000,000 . . . . 4,282,037 $5,000,000 ........ 3,882,500 Part of No. 16. 3,392,994 . Part of No. 46. 3.267.000 . $10,000,000 ----2,984,747 2.750.000 2.400.000 $14,000,000 .. 2.150.000 Part of No. 502.000.000 M ,000,000 ........ O Deb. 25, 1862Com certificates............................... March 3, 1863Seven-thirties of 1864-65................... June 30, 1864.. Four per cents, of 1907..................... July 14, 1870- years....... Feb. 25, 1862C ert^ ates of deposit..................... June 8, 1872Certificates of Indebtedness........... March 1, 1862Five per cents, of 1881.................... July 14, 1870Feb. 25, 1862March 3, 1865Fractional currency......................... July 17, 1862March 3, 1865— Compound interest notes................ March 3, 1863July 14, 1870Four-and-a-half per cents, of 1891 .. March 3, 1865-Ten-forties of 1864........................... March 3, 1864.. Loan of July and August, 1861........ July 17, 1861March 3, 1863Seven-thirties of 1861...................... July 17, 186120 Five-twenties of June, 1864............. June 30, 1864— ■ years, efimte ... Three per cent, certificates............. March 3, 1867-March 3, 1863.. Old demand notes........................... July 17, 1861Dec. 23, 1857.-. 1 y e a r__ Treasury notes of 1837 to 1845, inclu. Oct. 12, 1837-. 1 and 2 years March 3, 1863... 1 year.......... March 3, 1865- “ • 20 years, efimte... Feb. 26, 1879Refunding certificates..................... March 2, 1861Aug. 4, 1790Six per cent, stock of 1790 .............. Jan. 28, 1847Treasury notes of 1847..... ............... Jan. 28, 1847Feb. 28, 1878-Loan of 1858..................................... June 14, 1858-Three per cent, stock of 1790........... Aug. 4, 1700Feb. 8, 1861Sixteen-million loan.................. — Feb. 8, 1813Mareh31,1848Deferred six per cent, stock of 1790. Aug. 4, 1790-Navy-pension fund.......................... July 1, 1864Six per cent, loan of 1815...... ......... March 3, 1815Louisiana six per cent, stock........... Nov. 10, 1803. . Treasury notes of 1860.................... Deo. 17, I860.. Treasury notes of March, 1814 . — March 4,18 14 March 24, 1814Seven per cent, stocks of 1815........ Feb. 24, 1815Seven-and-a-half million loan......... Aug. 2, 1813April 15, 1842Treasury notes of December, 1814.. Dec. 26, 1814Six per cent, loan of 1812......... ...... March 14, 1812.. Treasury notes of 1846.................... July 22, 1846-June 22, I860— March 3, 1843-.. Five per cent, loan of 1816............... April 10, 1816- Indefinite ... July 16, 1798-. 15 years....... 8 per cent, loans of 1798 and 1300 Exchanged six per cent, stock of 1807 Feb. 11, 1807-. Indefinite ... July 21, 1841- 3 years....... Six-million loan............................... March24,1814- 12 years---1 year........ Treasury notes of 1812 Feb. 25, 1813.. 1 year........ Treasury notes of 1813 8 years....... Four-and-a-half per cent, loan of 1824 May 24, 1824.. Four-and-a-half per cent, loan of 1824 May 26, 1824.. Indefinite .. Sept. 9, 1850- 14 years---Texas indemnity stock---July 22, 1846- 10 years---Loan of 1846...................... Feb. 24, 1815. . Indefinite .. Treasury notes of 1815_ _ March 3, 1821- 14 years---Five per cent, loan of 1821 Exchanged 4} per cent, stock of 1824 May 26, 1824.. 8 and 9 years March 31,1814- Indefinite ... Mississippi stock...................... March 3, 1864.. 5 or 20 vears. Five-twenties of March, 1864 .. Feb. 24, 1815- Indefimte__ Small treasury notes of 1815... Dec. 3, 1777- Indefinite ... French loan of 18*000,000 livres Exchanged six per cent, stock of 1812 July 6, 1812- 12 years Six per cent, loan of 1810............... May 1, 1810- I ye ar.. Holland loan of September, 1791 — Aug. 4, 1790- 10 to 15 years Temporary loan of 1812.................. March 14, 1812- Irregular — Holland loan of 1782........................ Sept. 14, 1782- 10 to 15 years Subscription loan of 1791................. Feb. 25, 1791- Indefinite ... Temporary loan of December, 1794. Dec. 18, 1794- Indefinite May 15, 1820.. Indefinite Six per cent, loan of 1820 Converted six per cent, stock of 1807 Feb. 11, 1807- Indefinite JTve-and-a-half percent, stock of 1795 March 3, 1795- Indefinite French loan of 10,000,000 livres........ Oct. 26, 1779- 15 years.. Exchanged 4T per cent, stock of 1825 March 3, 1825- 3 and 4 years Treasury note stock of 1815............. Feb. 24, 1815- Irregular - .. Temporary loan of 1814........... ....... Nov. 15, 1814- Indefinite ... Holland loan of 1790........................ Aug. 4, 1790.. 10 to 15 years Holland loan of December, 1791....... Aug. 4, 1790.. 12 to 17 years Holland loan of 1794 ....................... Aug. 4, 1790- II to 16 years Holland loan of 1792........................ Aug. 4, 1790- 11 to 15 years 90 Temporary loan of March, 1815....... March 3, 1815- Indefinite ... 91 Oregon war debt.............................. March 2, 1861.. 20 years 92 French loan of 6,000,000 livres ...... Sept. 14, 1782- 13 years...... 93 Holland loan of March, 1791........... Aug. 4, 1790- 10 to 15 years £ £ 94 Temporary loan of March, 1794 (B).. March 20, 1794.. Indefinite ... I 95 Temporary loan of June, 1794......... June 9, 1794.. Indefinite ... 9G Five per cent, loan of 1820............... May 15, 1820.. 12 years. 97 Antwerp loan of 1791....................... Aug. 4, 1790.. 10 to 15 years 4 98 Holland loan of 1784......................... Feb. 1, 1785.. 17 years....... 99 Temporary loan of 1793 ................... Feb. 28, 1793.. Indefinite . .. I 100 Temporary loan of Feb. 1795........... Feb. 21, 1795.. Indefinite .. 101 Undesignated loan of 1814.............. March24,1814.. 12 years---102 Navy six per cent, stock................. June 30, 1798- Indefinite .. 103 Certificates of indebtedness of 1870- -Tuly 8, 1870- 5 years....... 104 Temporary loan of March, 1795 (Ay- March 3, 1795- 1 ye a r........ 105 Temporary loan of March, 1795 (B). March 3, 1795- 1 ye a r........ 106 Temporary loan of March, 1795 (C). March 3, 1795.. 1 ye a r........ 107 Holland loan of 1787......................... Oct. 11, 1787- 10 to 15 years £ 10 to 15 years 108 Holland loan of 1788........................ July 2, 1788- Indefinite .. £ 109 Temporary loan of 1792................... May 2, 1792110 Holland loan of 1793........................ Aug. 4, 1790- 10 years---111 Temporary loan of 1796.. ............. May 31, 1796. 1 ye a r........ Aug. 10, 1846. 5 years...... 112 Mexican indemnity stock Feb. 11, 1847. Indefinite... ( 113 Bounty land scrip...___ 114 Temporary loan of February, 1815.. Feb. 13, 1815. Indefinite ... ( 115 Temporary loan of March, 1794 (A). March 20,1794. Indefinite .. 116 Temporary loan of 1798.................. March 3, 1795. 4 years....... 117 Direct tax loan..........................— Jan. 9, 1815. Indefinite .. Indefinite.. in 118 Treasurer’s temporary loan of 1789. 119 Debt due foreign officers.............. Jan. 22, 1784. Indefinite ... D e o . 33, 1776. I n d e f i n it e . -g e n e r a l o f F r a n o o -----121 Four-and-a-half per ct. stock of 1795 March 3, 1795. Indefinite .. Sept. 28, 1779. Indefinite ... I 122 Loan from Spain......... March 3, 1791. Indefinite. .. ] 123 Temporary loan of 1791 May 31, 1796. 23 years . 124 Six per cent, loan of 1796. 125 Exchanged 5 per cent, stock of 1822 April 20, 1822. 8,9 and lOyrsH March 26,1790. Indefinite ... f 126 Temporary loan of 1790 o The great excess of the amount issued over the amount authorized is explained by the repeated re-is sue of the same notes. The greatest amount outstand ing at any one time was $449,338,902. on June 30, 1864. b The rate of interest on this loan ranged from ^ of 1%to 0% . c About one-third of this loan was for sixtv days, the balance for two years. d This loan was authorized by Sec. 14 of the Act Jan. 28, 1847, which provided for converting into stock the treasury notes of 1847 and any preceding years, which explains the over-issue. e An excess of $2,109,277 was issued to cover the dis count. Amount Authorized. 52.000. 000... $700,000,000 $500,000,000 $400,000,000 $300,000,000 $280,000,000 $860,000,000 $240,000,000 72 ’73 74 ’75 76 ’77 ’78 $1,500,000,000 $ 2 0 0 , 000 ,0 00 $160,000,000 $1,450,000,000 $140,000,000 $ 120,000,000 $ 100,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 $1,400,000,000 $80,000,000 $60,000,000 ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO LOANS. Title of Loan. $1,350,000,000 Title of Loan. Antwerp loan of 1791---Old-demand (1861) ................ ............ One-year of 1863............................... Bounty land scrip (1847). Treasury (see treasury notes.) Certificates: Two-year of 1863.............................. Coin (1863)................... Old-demand notes (1861)...................... Of deposit (1872).......... One-year notes of 1863......................... Of indebtedness (1862). Of indebtedness (1870). Oregon war debt (1861)........................ Refunding certificates (1879)............... Refunding (1879).......... Seven-thirties (1861)............................. Silver (1878)................. Seven-thirties of 1864 and 1865 (1864). . Three per cent. (1867).. Seven-and-a-half-million loan (1813)... Coin certificates (1863)... Seven per cent, stock (1815)................ Consols: Of 1865......................... Silver certificates (1878)....................... Of 1867 (1865)................ Six-million loan (1814).......................... Six per cent, loan of 1796.................... Of 1868 (1865)................ Six per cent, loan of 1810.................... Converted six per cent, stock of 1807— Six per cent, loan of 1812.................... Compound interest notes (1863)........ Six per cent, loan of 1815.................... Debt due foreign officers (1784)........ Six per cent, loan of 1820.................... Debts of states assumed (1790)......... Deferred six per cent, stock of 1790Six per cent, stock of 1790................... Six-million loan (1814)......................... Demand notes, old (1861)................. Sixteen-million loan (1813)................... Direct tax loan (1815)....................... Eight per ct. loans of 1798-1800 (1798)— Spain’s loan in 1781 (1779)................... Small treasury notes of 1815................ Exchanged Stock: Five per cent, of 1822....................... 125 Stock: Four-and-a-half per cent, of 1824— 67 Converted six per cent, of 1807........ Four-and-a-half per cent, of 1825---Deferred six per cent, of 1790.......... Exchanged six per cent, of 1807...... Six per cent, of 1807......................... Six per cent, of 1812......................... Exchanged six per cent, of 1812....... Farmers-general of France (1776)........ Exchanged five per cent, of 1822_ _ Five-twenties of 1862........................... Exchanged 41 per cent, of 1824... Five-twenties of March, 1864.............. Exchanged 4} per cent, of 1825... Five-twenties of June, 1864................. Five-ana-a-halr per cent, of 1795.. Four-and-a-half per cent, of 1795— Five-twenties of 1865........................... Five-and-a-half per cent, stock of 1795. Louisiana six per cent. (1803)........ . Mexican-indemnity (1846)_______ Five per cent, loan of 1816................... Mississippi (1814)............................ . Five per cent, loan of 1820................... Five per cent, loan of 1821................... Navy six per cent. (1798)............... . Seven per cent, of 1815.................. . Five per cents, of 1881 (1870)................ Six per cent, of 1790....................... Foreign officers, debt due (1784).......... Texas indemnity (1850)................. . Four-and-a-half per cent, loan of 1824. Four-and-a-half per cent, loan of 1824. Three per cent, of 1790.................. Treasury notes of 1815................... Four-and-a-half per cents, of 1891 (1870) Subscription loan of 1791.................. Four-and-a-half per cent, stock of 1795 Temporary Loan of Four per cents, of 1907 (1870). 1789, (Treasurers)......................... . Fractional currency (1862)_ _ 1790 .................................... . French loan of 18,000,000 livres (1777).. 1791 .................................... French loan of 10,000,000 livres (1779)— 1792 .................................... French loan of 6,000,000 livres (1782)... .................................... Fund, navy-pension (1864)................... 40 1793 Holland Loans: March, 1794 (A)............................... 1782................................................... 76 March, 1794 (B)............................... 1784 ................................................... 98 June, 1794...................................... . 1787..................................................... 107 December, 1794............................... February, 1795................................ 1788............................................. 108 March, 1795 (A)............................... 1790.............................. March, 1795 (B)............................... March, 1791 (1790)........ March, 1795 (C)............................... September, 1791 (1790). 1796— . .......................................... . December, 1791 (1790).. 1798 (1795)........................................ 1792(1790).................... 1812................................................ 1793 (1790).................... 1814 .................................... 1794(1790).................... February 1815............................... Indebtedness, certificates of (1862)---March, 1815.................................... . Indebtedness, certificates of (1870)_ _ 1862................................................ Indemnity stock, Mexican (1846). Ten-forties of 1864............................ Indemnity stock, Texas (1850)---Ten-million loan (1814)...................... . Land scrip, bounty (1847)............. Texas indemnity stock (1850)........... * Legal-tender notes (1862)............. Three per cent, certificates (1867)__ Loan from Spain (1779)................ Three per cent, stock (1790).............. Loan of 1841................................. Treasurer’s temporary loan of 1789. Loan of 1842................................. Treasury Notes of Loan of 1843................................. 1812................................................ Loan of 1846................................. 1813................. : ............................ Loan of 1847................................. March, 1814............................... . . . Loan of 1848................................. Loan of 1858........................................ 34 December, 1814-------------- --------1815 .................................... Loan of I860.— ...................... . 1815 (small).................................... . Loan of February, 1861........... 1837 to 1845 inclusive (1837)........... . Loan of July and August, 1861 1846 .................................... Loan of 1863............................ Louisiana six per cent, stock (1803)---1847 .................................... Mississippi stock (1814)............... 1857................................................ Mexican indemnity stock (1846). 1860................................................ 1861.......................... : ..................... Navy-pension fund (1864)........... Navy six per cent, stock (1798).. Treasury-note stock of 1815............. Two-year notes of 1863.................... Notes: Undesignated loan of 1814................ . Compound interest (1863)....... War debt, Oregon (1861)................... . Legal-tender (1862).................. ** included in the loan represented by N S , 35 and 39. (Authorized, $21,500,000; assumed, os. O $18,271,786.) $40,000,000 1.200.000 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,180,000 1.150.000 1,090,850 1.089.000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1 , 000.000 $20,000,000 SCALE. 000 .............200.000 $1,000,000 ........ $6,000,000 ........ m Indefinite....... $10,000,000 ___ Part of No. 81. $5,000,000 ........ $312,686 .......... ““,000,000 .... . w 6,000,000----Indefinite....... 67 ’ $180,000,000 1,859,851 1^48,900 1.815.000 1,539,336 1,505,352 1.450.000 999,999 820,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 746,403 711,700 678,362 500.000 11.000.000 ......... 500.000 jl,469,439 ........ 500.000 Part of No. 105 400.000 Part of No. 76— 400.000 Part of No. 76.. 400.000 $523,500........... 400.000 Part of No. 74. 15.000. 000 ............ 320.000 303,574 .1320,000 .......... 233,075 Indefinite....... 225.000 500,000........... ’62 ’63 ’64 ’65 '54 ’56 ’56 ’57 ’58 $ 220,000,000 2 ,000,000 2 ,000,000 2 , 000,000 52.000. 000 ... 53.000. 000 ... I Foreign debt... $10,000,000 .. $12,000,000 .. Part of No. 46$3,000,000 ........ Part of No. 74. Part of No. 74. Part of No. 74. Part of No. 74. Part of No. 41. " !,800,000 ........ _ :,000.000 ......... Part of No. 74$1,000,000 ......... $1,000,000 ......... Part of No. 79Part of No. 74Part of No. 76. 0,000........... . 0,000........... . Part of No. 45Cost of vessels . 1678,362........... . 1.000. ■O---- 91,000,000,000 200,000 200,000 191,609 186,989 181,500 176,000 174,017 156,596 80,000 56,705 55,000 / An excess of $998,582 was issued to cover the dis count. g The rate of interest varied from & of 1%to 5§£. h The issue was limited to the amount required to take up unredeemed 6’s and deferred stock. i The rates of interest were 5g, 5£ and 6% . j The issue was limited to the amount necessary to redeem all old 6’s and deferred stocks. k The amount authorized was equal to that part of the Public Debt reimbursable in 1810. I The amount authorized was equal to that of the 3*’s of 1790. m This loan was made by the Secretary of the Treasury without special legislation. $1,300,000,000 =Q»vrl:Wfrr; $1,250,000,000 $ 1 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 , $1,150,000,000 $ 1 100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 , $1,050,000,000 $ 1 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 , $950,000,000 $900,000,000 $850,000,000 $800,000,000 $750,000,000 $700,000,000 CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX TO LOANS. Authorized. 1776, Dec. 23... 1777, Dec. 3.... 1779, Sept. 28.. 1779, Oct. 26... 1782, Sept. 14. . 1782, Sept. 14. . 1784, Jan. 22... 1785, Feb. 1— . 1787, Oct. 11... 1788, July 2.... 1790,' Mfirch 2G . 1790, Aug. 4— 1790, Aug. 4--1790, Aug. 4__ 1790, Aug.4.... 1790, Aug. 4.... 1790, Aug. 4— 1790, Aug. 4— 1790, Aug. 4— 1790, Aug. 4 .... 1790, Aug. 4— 1790, Aug. 4— 1791, Feb. 25... 1791, March 3.. 1792, May 2.... 1793, Feb. 28... 1794, March 20. 1794, March 20. 1794, June 9__ 1794, Dec. 18— 1795, Feb. 21... Authorized. Title of Loan. Farmers-general of France___ French loan of 18,000,000 livres. Loan from Spain.................... French loan of 10,000,000 livres Holland loan of 1782................ French loan of 6,000,000 livres. Debt due foreign officers........ Holland loan........................... Holland loan.......................... Holland loan........................... Treasurer’s temporary loan__ Temporary loan.............. ....... Six per cent, stock................... Three per cent, stock............... Deferred six per cent, stock— Holland loan........................... Holland loan........................... Holland loan................... ....... Holland loan........................... Holland loan........................... Holland loan.......................... . Antwerp loan......................... Holland loan........................... Subscription loan.................... Temporary loan...................... Temporary loan...................... Temporary loan...................... Temporary loan (B)................. Temporary loan (A)................ Temporary loan. Temporary loan. Temporary loan. Authorized. Title of Loan. 1795, March 3.. 1795, March 3.. 1795, March 3.. 1795, March 3.. 1795, March 3.. 1795, March 3.. 1796, May 31... 1796, May 31.. . 1798, June30... 1798, July 16... 1803, Nov. 10... 1807, Feb. 11... 1807, Feb. 11... 1810, May 1. ... 1812, March 4.. 1812, March 14. 1812, June30... 1812, July 6— 1813, Feb. 8.... 89 1813, Feb. 25... 1813, Aug. 2.... 1814, March 4.. 1814, March 24. 1814, March 24. 1814, March 24. 1814, March 31. 1814, Nov. 15... 1814, Deo. 26... 1815, Jan. 9 .... 1815, Feb. 13... 1815, Feb. 24... 1815, Feb. 24— Five-and-a-half per cent. S to c k Temporary loan (A)..................... Temporary loan (B)..................... Temporary loan (C)..................... Temporary loan of 1798............... Four-and-a-half per cent, stock.. Temporary loan.......................... Six per cent, loan........................ Navy six per cent, stock............. Eight per ct. loans of 1798 and 1800 Louisiana six per cent, stock...... Exchanged six per cent, stock... Converted six per cent, stock---Six per cent, loan............... : ....... Six per cent, loan........................ Temporary loan.......................... Treasury notes............................ Exchanged six per cent, stock... Sixteen-million loan.................... Treasury notes............................ Seven-and-a-half million loan---Treasury notes............................ Ten-million loan.......................... Six-million loan........................... Undesignated loan...................... Mississippi stock......................... Temporary loan.......................... Treasury notes........................... Direct-tax loan........................... Temporary loan.......................... Seven per cent, stocks................ Treasury notes Title of Loan. Authorized. Title of Loan. 1815, Feb. 24__ Small treasury notes.................. 1815, Feb. 24__ Treasury note stock.................... 1815, March 3... Six per cent loan....................... 1815, March 3... Temporary loan......................... 1816, April 10 ... Jive per cent, loan.................... 1820, May 15_ Six per cent, loan........................ _ 1820, May 15__ Five per cent, loan...................... 1821, March 3— Five per cent, loan.................... 1822 April 20... Exchanged five per cent, stock1824, May 24__ Four-and-a-half per cent. loan... 1824, May 26_ Four-and-a-half per cent. loan... _ 1824, May 26_ Exchanged 41 per cent, stock----_ 1825, March 3 ... Exchanged 4£ per cent, stock---1837, Oct. 12___Treasury notes of 1837 to 1845___ 1841, July 21__ Loan of 1841.................................. 1842, April 15— Loan of 1842................................ 1843, March 3 ... Loan of 1843................................ 1846, July 22_ Treasury notes............................. _ 1846, July 22.... Loan of 1846................................ 1846, Aug. 10_ Mexican indemnity stock............. _ 1847, Jan. 28.... Loan of 1847................................ 1847, Jan. 28----Treasury notes............................. 1847, Feb. 11_ Bounty land scrip......................... _ 1848, March 31.. Loan of 1848................................ 1850, Sept. 9___Texas indemnity stock.................. 1857, Dec. 23__ Treasury notes............................. 1858, June 14.... Loan of 1858...... ......................... 1860, June 22_ Loan of 1860.................................. _ 1860, Dec. 17_ Treasury notes.............................. _ 1861, Feb. 8.......Loan of February, 1861................. 1861, March 2 ... Treasury notes............................ 1861, March 2.. 1861, July 17... 1861, July 17— 1861, July 17— 1862, Feb. 25... 1862, Feb. 25— 1862, Feb. 25— 1862, March 1.. 1862, July 1 7 1863, March 3.. 1863, March 3.. 1863, March 3.. 1863, Marcn 3.. 1863, March 3.. 1864, March 3.. 1864, March 3.. 1864, Juno 30... 1864, June 30... 1864, July 1. ... 1865, March 3.. 1865, March 3.. 1865, March 3.. 1865, March 3.. 1867, March 3.. 1870, July 8.... 1870, July 14... 1870, July 14... 1870, July 14.. 1872, June8— 1878, Feb. 28.. 89 1879. Feb. 26.. $650,000,000 Oregon war debt......................... Loan of July and August, 1861... Seven-thirties.............................. Old demand notes........................ Legal-tender notes...................... Temporary loan.......................... Five-twenties............................... Certificates of indebtedness____ Fractional currency.................... Coin certificates.......................... Compound-interest notes............ Two-year notes........................... Loan of 1863................................. One-year notes............................ Ten-forties................................... Five-twenties.............................. Seven-thirties of 1864 and 1865_ _ Five-twenties............................... Navy-pension fund..................... Consols of 1867............................. Consols of 1865............................. Five-twenties............................... Consols of 1868........................... Three per cent, certificates......... Certificates of indebtedness........ Four per cents, of 1907................ Five per cents, of 1881................. Four-and-a-half per cents, of 1891 Certificates of deposit. Silver certificates....... Refunding certificates $600,000,000 $550,000,000 $500,000,000 $450,000,000 Redemptions. n & ANNUAL ISSUES AND REDEMPTIONS OF GOVERNMENT LOANS. Redemption*. E X P L A N A T O E T. TO ACCOMPANY THE CHART OP ISSUES bo n d s, g r e e n b a c k s , fr a c tio n a l c u r r e n c y , a n d a ll o th e r o b lig a tio n s AND o f th e U n ite d S tates. REDEMPTIONS P l a n o f C h a r t .— T h e h o r iz o n ta l lin e s re p re s e n t m o n e y v a lu e s , a n d th e sp a c es b e tw e e n th e v e r tic a l lin e s , y e a rs , fro m 1777 1880 . T h e b e g in n in g s o f t h e m o st s e v e r e fin a n cia l p a n ic s are OF U N IT ED STA T ES LOANS, B Y Y EA RS. in d ic a te d b y p e rp e n d ic u la r w a v e -lin e s , th e w a r p e rio d s b y b e lts o f c lo s e h o riz o n ta l lin e s , a n d t h e d iffe re n t a d m in is tra tio n s b y th e n am es o f th e P r e s id e n ts . Issues. Redemptions. Year Issues. Redemptions. Year Issues. Redemptions. Year Issues. 8350.000. Redemptions. 000 TABHE T lie Iss u e s a n d R e d e m p tio n s sh o w n on t h is C h a rt, in c lu d e to Year $400,000,000 t T h e lo c a tio n o f th e b la c k d o ts u p on th e f u l l c o lo r lin e , c ro s s in g th e c h a rt fro m le f t to r ig h t , sh o w s th e a m o u n ts is s u e d in e a c h y e a r , a n d th e lo ca tio n o f th o s e on th e b r o k e n c o lo r lin e , th e re d e m p tio n s— th e c o lo r lin e s s im p ly s e r v in g Year 1777 $ 177H 1779 18 10 1777 to 1880. Issues. Redemptions. 181,500 544,500 S 181,500 726,0001 to c o n n e c t th e dots. 2,621 25,190 1,866,566 1801 l 233,568 l 2,302,079 1821 2,657,451 1802 3,615,086 1822 4,817 1.673.000 1803 497 • 4,721,419 1823 1804 11,250,848 3,219,898 1824 1,562,357 73,432 1805 140 4,002,379 1825 47,200 1806 93 2,972,272 1826 2,719,735 7,611,021 1827 129,200 1807 5,434,752 270,800 1808 8,866,268 1828 7,451,541 1829 571,609 $ 100,540 1809 96 1.213.000 146,069 1810 2,750,000 2,758,660 1830 8,313,372 1831 5,559,975 1,284,728 1811 2,785, 5,659,775 1832 5,332,102 812 15,583^103 4,047,851 1838 2,760,037 1813 29,053,583 7,284,777 7,574,628 1834 9,696,678 2,403,277 1814 26,673,533 5,479,763 1815 37,970,658 6,112,961 1835 5 747,761 508,066 2,465,482 1816 12,060,783 12,722,937 1836 8,092,316 30,787,537 1837 2,329,282 1817 105,217 25,301 7,947,745 1838 242,885 989,087 1818 1,766,635 1819 59,681 8,405,138 1839 5,813,748 3,240,804 3,756,824 1840 1,394,798 1820 1,860,522 4,740,133 $ 3,313,613 1841 5 13,659,317 $ 5,310,148 1861 i 43,881,486 I 18,737,000 7,796,982 1862 489,523,046 51,722,268 59,105 2,732,907 1842 14,851,153 333,012 1863 776,615,826 181,081,377 2,546 613,249 1843 12,479,708 8,462,882 1844 1,877,181 11,113,870 1864 ,128,924,142 432,838,014 8,855,370 5,609,926 14,658,757 1845 7,510,555 1865 ,474,865,827 603,437,452 1,539,352 344,404 1866 722,499,122 619,804,696 7,000,404 1846 5,562,672 1867 626,013,910 735,536,980 7,103,953 1847 29,182,804 5,961,349 1848 21,405,795 13,027,446 1868 599,271,268 692,547,686 11,073,278 1849 28,665,900 12,566,239 1869 262,275,635 253,224,718 148 12,422,713 1850 4,045,950 3,653,228 1870 285,474,496 284,204,132 229 10,654,857 1851 5,203,400 858,397 1871 268,768,523 517,240,468 110 2,149,329 1872 305,047,054 405,007,308 19,290,382 1852 46,300 16,350 6,426,823 1873 214,931,017 233,699.353 3,283,897 1853 2,424,253 1854 1,950 17,572,516 1874 439,272,535 422,065,060 +3,904,004 1855 800 6,662,791 1875 387,971,556 407,377,492 1856 200 3,614,680 1876 397,455,808 449,345,273 t ....... 2,992,989 21,531 1857 3,900 3,276,103 1877 348,871,749 323,965,424 12,716,821 5,588,722 1858 23,717,300 7,505,346 1878 404,581,201 353,676,945 3,857,276 10,714,512 1859 28,287,500 14,685,128 1879 792,807,643 699,445,809 5,589,548 ,750 1880 211,814,103 440,966,214 3,909,9481 1860 20,776,800 13,853,’ $300,000,000 8230.000. 000 Issues. $ 200 , 0 0 0 ,0 00 6,159.53 repayments in 1836 on account of three per cent, stock,hasbeen deducted from the total amount of advances. 8150.000. 000 S160,000,(XK - $ 100,000,000 $ 100 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 E lacc H i w l ’s W ar /ith Mexico, $50,000,C 850.000. 000 ion* Issues — 45 ’46 ’47 ’48 Washington. Adams. Jefferson. Madison. Monroe. J. Q. Adams. Jackson. Van Buren. Harrison. Tyler. COPYRIGHT. 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. Polk. ’52 ’53 M ’55 56 ’57 ’59I1S60)’61 ’62 ’63 ’64 ’65 ’ Taylor. Pierce. Buchanan. Fillmore. ’67 Lincoln. Johnson, 72 74 ’75 ’76 ’77 *78 ’9(1880) Grant. Hayes. iF in s T - A - iis r o im _ A _ ]sr:D c o n v n iv r E i^ c E *Xf r > H M O C c • $ 1,217,704,199.28 ! i ORDINARY RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES OF THE UNITED STATES. 1789. 1880. (Based on tlie Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury.) $1,050,000,000 $1,050,000,000 • 1,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ $950,000,000 1 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 , $950,000,000 •9 0 0 .0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 9 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $850,000,000 $850,000,000 $ 8 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 8 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $750,000,000 $ 7 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 7 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $650,000,000 $ 6 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 6 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 • 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $350,000,000 Ordinary Receipts. $ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $200 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Customs. Ordinary Expenses. Internal Revenue. $100 $ 100 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Interest. ),000,000 Ordinary Receipt. Washington. - Adams. Jefferson. Madison. Monroe. J. Q. Adams. Jackson. Van Buren. Harrison. Tyler. B a s e L in e Polk. Taylor. Pierce. Buchanan. Fillmore. Lincoln. Grant. Hayes. Johnson. B a s e Line. COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. r ► H M 00 o z e iu n t ^ u n t o ie ^ is t x d o o i m :: m :: e :r o :f P late 8 ANALYSIS OF THE RECEIPTS OF THE UNITED STATES. See Plate 80. 1 (Based on the Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury.) I O RD IN A R Y R E C E IP T S. I8 1 U )- 1 1 ' 1 2 '1 3 ' 1 4 ' 1 5 ' 1 6 ’ 1 7 ’ 1 8 ’ 1 9 ( l 8 2 t f ) ’ 2 1 ’ 2 2 ’ 2 3 ’2 4 ’2 5 ’ 2 6 ’ 2 7 ’ 2 8 ’ 2 9 ( t a d ) ’ 3 1 '3 2 3 9 f t 8 4 0 ') ’ 4 l l ’4 2 ’3 3 ’3 4 ’ 3 5 ' ’ 4 3 ’4 4 ’4 5 ’4 6 ’ 4 7 ’ 4 8 ’4 9 ( 1 8 5 0 ') ’ 5 l | ’ 5 2 ' 5 3 ’ 5 4 ’ 5 5 ’ 5 6 ’ 5 7 ’ 5 8 ’ 5 9 ( | l8 6 0 ) '6 1 ’ 6 2 ’ 6 3 ’ 0 4 ’ 6 5 ’ 6 6 ’ 6 7 ’ 6 8 '6 9 ( 1 8 7 0 ^ ’ 7 1 ’ 7 2 ’7 3 ’7 4 ’7 5 ’7 6 ’ 9 (1 ,8 8 0 ) (In neareat thousand* or dollars.) I n te r e s t. In te r n a l Y e a r C u sto m s. R evenue 1790 | 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 180b 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 18111 18211 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1&S1 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 183b 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1& 5 4 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 18(59 1870 18 7 1 1872 1873 1874 1875 1870 1877 1878 1870 1880 4 ,3 9 9 3 ,4 4 3 4 ,2 5 5 4 ,8 0 1 5 588 6 ,5 6 8 7 ,5 5 0 7 ,1 0 6 6 ,6 1 0 9 ,0 8 1 1 0 ,? 5 l 1 2 ,4 3 8 1 0 ,4 7 9 1 1 ,0 9 9 1 2 ,9 3 6 1 4 ,6 6 8 1 5 ,8 4 6 1 6 ,3 6 4 7^258 8 ,5 8 3 1 3 ,3 1 3 8 ,9 5 9 1 3 ,2 2 5 5 ,9 9 9 7^283 3 6 ,3 0 7 2 6 ,2 8 3 1 7 ,1 7 6 2 0 ,2 8 -1 1 5 ,0 0 6 1 3 ,0 0 4 1 7 ,5 9 0 1 9 ,0 8 6 1 7 ,8 7 b 2 0 ,0 9 9 23^341 1 9 ,7 1 2 23^206 2 2 ,6 8 2 2 1 ,9 2 2 2 4 ,2 2 4 2 8 ,4 6 5 2 9 ,0 3 3 1 6 ,2 1 5 1 9 ,3 9 1 2 3 ,4 1 0 li;i6 0 1 6 ,1 5 9 2 3 ,1 3 8 1 3 ,5 0 0 1 4 ,4 8 7 1 8 ,1 8 8 7 ,0 4 7 2 6 ,1 8 4 2 7 '5 2 8 2 6 ,7 1 3 2 3 ,7 4 b 3 1 ,7 5 7 2 8 ,3 4 7 3 9 ,6 6 9 4 9 ,0 1 8 4 7 ,3 3 9 5 8 ,9 3 2 6 4 ,2 2 4 5 3 '0 2 6 6 4 '0 2 3 6 3 ,8 7 6 4 l '7 9 0 4 9 '5 6 6 5 3 ,1 8 8 3 9 ,5 8 2 4 9 ,0 5 6 6 9 ,0 6 0 1 0 3 ,3 1 6 8 4 ,9 2 b 179^047 1 7 6 ,4 1 6 1 6 4 ,4 6 5 1 8 0 ,0 4 8 1 9 4 ,5 3 b 2 0 6 ,2 7 0 2 1 6 ,3 7 0 1 8 8 ,0 9 0 1 6 3 ,1 0 4 1 5 7 ,1 6 8 1 4 8 ,0 7 2 1 3 0 ,9 5 6 1 3 0 ,1 7 1 1 3 7 ,2 5 0 1 8 6 ,5 2 2 209 338 274 338 475 575 644 779 809 1 ,0 4 8 622 215 51 22 20 13 8 4 7 2 5 5 1 ,6 6 3 4 ’6 7 8 5 ,1 2 5 2 ,6 7 8 955 230 106 69 68 34 35 26 22 20 17 15 12 7 12 3 4 10 D ire c t T ax. P u b lic L a n d s. 5 84 12 734 534 207 72 50 22 56 35 19 8 12 8 1 4 2 ,2 1 9 2 ,1 6 3 4 ,2 5 4 1 ,8 3 4 264 84 32 29 21 10 6 2 7 3 2 11 17 11 7 4 1 2 5 2 3 1 2 .................... 3 2 4 3 168 189 166 488 540 765 466 648 442 697 1 ,0 1 0 710 836 1 ,1 3 6 1 ,2 8 8 1 ,7 1 8 1 ,9 9 1 2 ,6 0 7 3 ,2 7 4 1 ,6 3 6 1 ,2 1 3 1 ,8 0 4 917 984 1 ,2 1 6 1 ,3 9 4 1 .4 9 6 1 ,0 1 8 1 ,5 1 7 2 ,3 2 9 3 ,2 1 1 2 ,6 2 3 3 ,9 6 b 4 ,8 5 8 1 4 ,7 5 8 2 4 ,8 7 7 6 ,7 7 6 3 ,7 3 1 7 ,3 6 2 3 ,4 1 2 1 ,3 1 6 l ’3 3 6 898 2 ,0 6 0 2 '0 7 7 2^694 2 ,4 9 b 3 ,3 2 9 1 ,6 8 9 1,KGC 2 ,3 5 2 2 '0 4 3 l'6 6 7 8 ,4 7 1 1 1 ,4 9 7 8 ’9 1 8 3 ,8 2 9 3 V 14 5 D iv i d e n d s. 8 39 303 160 160 81 80 71 71 89 40 202 525 675 1 ,0 0 0 105 298 350 350 368 403 420 455 490 490 490 490 475 234 506 293 1,757 1 ,7 9 5 1 ,4 8 5 476 1 ,2 0 1 1 ,9 7 5 4 ,2 0 0 1 ,7 8 6 766 229 580 3 7 ,6 4 1 1 0 9 ,7 4 1 2 0 9 ,4 6 4 3 0 9 ,2 2 7 2 6 6 ,0 2 b 1 9 1 ,0 8 6 1 5 8 ,3 5 6 1 8 4 ,9 0 0 1 4 3 ,0 9 6 1 3 0 ,6 4 2 1 1 3 ,7 2 9 315 1 0 2 ,4 1 0 1 1 0 ,0 0 7 1 1 6 ,7 0 1 94 1 1 8 ,6 3 0 1 1 0 ,5 8 2 1 1 3 ,5 6 2 1 2 4 , 0 0 9 .................... i;7 7 9 871 152 168 58b 997 665 1 ,1 6 4 1 ,3 4 9 4 ,0 2 C 3 ,3 5 0 2 ,3 8 9 2 ,5 7 6 2 ,8 8 2 1 ,8 5 2 1 ,4 1 4 1 ,1 2 9 976 1 ,0 8 0 925 1 ,0 1 7 .................... M is c e l la n eo u s . 10 10 21 53 28 1 ,1 6 9 '3 9 9 58 86 153 346 1 ,5 0 1 132 139 40 51 39 22 62 84 59 126 272 164 285 274 110 58 57 61 153 453 141 128 130 95 1 ,3 1 6 65 113 73 584 270 470 481 760 2 ,2 4 6 7 ,0 0 1 6 ,4 1 0 '9 8 0 2 ,5 0 7 1 ,0 0 4 452 286 1 ,0 7 5 361 290 221 613 2 ,0 6 4 l ’ l8 5 '4 6 4 988 1 ,1 0 5 '8 2 8 1 ,1 1 6 l'2 5 1 1 ,3 5 2 1 ,4 5 5 1 ,0 8 9 1 ,0 2 4 915 3 ,7 4 2 3 0 ,2 9 2 2 5 ,4 4 2 2 9 ,0 3 6 1 5 ,0 3 8 1 7 ,7 4 5 1 3 ,9 9 7 1 2 ,9 4 2 2 2 ,0 9 4 1 5 ,1 0 6 1 7 ,1 0 1 3 2 .5 7 5 1 5 ,4 3 2 2 4 ,0 7 1 3 0 ,4 3 7 1 5 ,6 1 5 2 0 ,5 8 6 2 1 ,9 7 9 P re m iu m s . $80,000,000 T o ta l. 4 ,4 1 0 3 ,6 7 0 4 ,6 5 3 5 ,4 3 2 6 ,1 1 5 5 8^378 43 8 j6 8 9 7 ,9 0 0 79 7 ,5 4 7 1 0 ,8 4 9 1 2 ,9 3 5 10 1 4 ,9 9 6 1 1 ,0 6 4 1 1 ,8 2 6 1 3 ,5 6 1 1 5 ,5 6 0 1 6 ,3 9 8 1 7 ,0 0 1 7 ,7 7 3 9 ,3 8 4 1 4 , 4 2 3 .................... 9 ,8 0 1 - - - - - 1 4 ,3 4 0 1 1 ,1 8 2 32 1 5 ,6 9 7 12 69 1 4 7 ,6 7 7 3 3 ,0 9 9 268 2 1 ,5 8 5 2 4 , 6 0 3 .................... 1 7 ,8 4 1 40 1 4 ,5 7 3 2 0 ,2 3 2 2 0 ,5 4 1 1 9 ,3 8 1 2 1 ,8 4 1 2 5 ,2 6 0 2 2 ,9 6 6 2 4 ,7 0 4 2 4 ,8 2 8 2 4 ,8 4 4 2 8 ,5 2 7 3 1 ,8 6 7 a 3 ,9 4 8 2 1 ,7 9 2 3 5 ;4 3 0 5 0 ,8 2 7 2 4 ,9 5 4 2 fi SOS 81*483 1 9 ,4 8 0 1 6 ,8 6 0 1 9 ,9 7 6 8 ,2 3 1 2 9 ,3 2 1 2 9 ,9 7 0 2 9 ,7 0 0 2 6 ,4 6 7 3 5 ,6 9 9 3 0 ,7 2 1 4 3 ,5 9 3 52^555 4 9 ,8 4 7 6 1 ,5 8 7 7 3 ,8 0 0 6 5 ,3 5 1 7 4 ,0 5 7 6 8 '9 6 5 4 6 ,6 5 5 5 2 ,7 7 7 5 6 ,0 5 5 4 1 ,4 7 6 5 1 ,9 1 9 1 1 2 ,0 9 5 2 4 3 ,4 1 3 3 2 2 ,0 3 1 5 1 9 ,9 5 0 4 6 2 ,8 4 7 3 7 6 ,4 3 4 3 5 7 ,1 8 b 3 9 5 ,9 6 0 3 7 4 ,4 3 1 3 6 4 ,3 9 4 3 2 2 ,1 7 b 2 9 9 ,9 4 1 2 8 4 ,0 2 1 2 9 0 ,0 6 7 2 8 1 ,0 0 1 2 5 7 ,4 4 7 2 7 2 ,3 2 2 3 3 3 ,5 2 7 $ 7 5 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 E X P LAN AT O R Y. —The irregular color lines, crossing this chart from left to right, show the annual variations in the several classes of receipts, from 1 7 8 9 to 1 8 8 0 . To show the total receipts for 1 8 6 5 , on this scale, would require a chart five feet high. Hence, all items above $ 8 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 are shown on the chart of totals— Plate 8 0 — the scale of which is one-tenth of that used here. On the other hand, the receipts from interest and dividends were too small to be shown distinctly on this chart, as were those from premiums prior to 1 8 5 9 . The amounts for 1 8 4 3 are for six months only, as the begin ning of the fiscal year was then changed from January 1 to July 1. $70,000,000 $ 6 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $60,000,000 -War. o f = 1812= Ellack Hawli’s War Civil War. ElcmdazWar WaiJ. W.a riw ith Mexico. $ 5 5 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 $50,000,000 $ 4 5 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 $40,000,000 ee n $ 3 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $30,000,000 $ 2 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 WarZo F18 2 = zan i = : _ ar_i ivitI : \A Black H Lwk’s [ y| W ar with Me~xico. f^=£j | Wa>l lh<Creek}s. = Civil War. Miscellaneous $ 2 0 ,0 00 ,0 00 — — — ■ $ 1 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 1 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 10, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 :iwith • EEN prt nw.est’ Ordinary Receipts -==lndi; $ 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Customs —~ Internal Revenue (begins 1792.) Receipts^ Miscellaneous from Pubfic Lands (begins 17.96.) Direct Tax (begins 1800.) 1789to 1791 .’92 ’93 ’94 ’95 ’96 ’97 ’98 ,99(180(1) T " '3 '4 '5 '6 7 '8 ’9 (lSltyTl 72 78|74 75 70 77j78 790820)^1 ’22 ’23 ’24 ’25p20 ’27 ’28 ’29(1880)’31 ’32 ’33 ’34 ’35 ’36 ’871’38 ’39(,1840)*41 ’42 ’43 ’44 ’45 ’46 ’47 | ’49(jl850)’5l|’52 ’53 ’54 ’55 ’56 ’57 ’58| Z ’48| ’59(l860)’6i[’62pC31’O ’G ’66 ’67 f 5 Washington. Adams. Jefferson, Madison. Monroe. J , Q. Adams. Jackson. Buren. Harrison. Polk. Tyler. CO PYRIG H T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. Taylor. Pierce. Buchanan. Fillmore. Lincoln. Johnson. 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 ’9 (p 0 ) Grant. Hayes. U P IU N T ^ Z N " O IE LIQUORS. s REVEN U E PER " 7- — i FERM EN TED 1880. Ala.......... $ .058 Ariz.......... .476 Ark........... .095 Cal............ 1.825 Colo.......... .629 Conn......... .385 Dak........... .197 Del............ .321 Ela............ .458 Qa............. .132 Ida.......... . .615 Ill............. 6.610 Ind...... .. 2.924 Iowa......... .287 Kans......... .123 Ky............. 4.276 210 Me............ .030 Md............ 1.155 Mass......... 1.091 Minn____ .303 Miss.......... .039 Mo............ 1.320 Mont......... .700 Nebr......... 1.863 Nev........... .700 N.II.......... .692 N.J........... .797 N.Mex....... .215 N.Y........... 1.449 N.C........... .350 Ohio.____ 4.556 Oreg. ...... .291 Pa............. .736 It. I............ .335 S.C............ .069 Tenn......... .536 Tex........... .063 Utah......... .176 v t ............. .046 Va............ .239 Wash........ .240 W.Va........ .146 Wis........... 1.267 M ~!/o......... .591 Ppr Panlh hu Qtotae ^ ont. / ^ . W -----------/ CA PIT A PROM SPIRITS AND NB- \ ER U AH i T , ' • / THE CONSUMPTION OF DISTILLED AND FERMENTED LIQUORS, COMPARED. 1864-1880. WYO. 7 LIQUORS, J--------------COLO I j ~~h i KANS. ~ z L . J "' (Based on the Reports of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue.) ! •"” ■ ^ ark. f L t V I ;— --- •*! t ky . y\ TENN. y— i V ____ V \ N' ’C sc Consumption of D IS T IL L E D SPIR IT S, per Capita. \ (F iscal y e a r en d in g Ju n e SO.) SCALE: 1 Gallon per Cap. 2 KEY. (For both Maps.) Under 10 cents per Capita. $0.10 and under $0.25 .» E X P LA N A T O R Y .—The Charts which compare the consumption of distilled and fer mented liquors, cover the period since the adoption of the present system of internal rev enue, in 1863. The Commissioner states that the figures given for 1865 to 1868, inclusive, should not be accepted as showing the actual consumption of distilled liquors for those years, but only the quantities upon which the tax was paid. The large sales of illicit spirits during that period were due, without doubt, to the heavy tax imposed. The computation on distilled liquors is based on the domestic product only, the import “ entered for consumption ” being so small as not to affect, materially, the result. It is es timated that about one-third of the domestic product of distilled spirits is used in the arts; to offset this, the computation omits domestic wines, the use of which is estimated at about one-third of the total consumption. $0.25 „ „ $0.50 » $0.50 „ „ $1.00 $1.00 „ „ $2.00 » $2.00 ,, « « $4.00 TOBACCO. TOTAL REVENUE TER CAPITA, FROM TOBACCO, SPIRITS, AND FERMENTED LIQUORS. 1880. Per State. Capita i in .. . . » m Ala. .45 Mo... .10 Ariz. .27 Mont. -20 Ark.. .40Nebr. .12 Cal. . 8 Nev.. .19 Colo. -22|N.H.. .21 Conn -25 N.J. . 5 Dak.. .35 N.MexZH Del. .11 N.Y.. - 7 Fla. -17 (N.C.. .14 Ga... .39 Ohio. . 2 Ida. .23 Oreg. .33 111... . 1 Pa.. . .15 Ind. . 6 R.I... 29 Iowa -31 S.C. . .44 Kans -37jTenn -28 Ky... . 3,Tex.. .42 L a ... .26 Utah. -38 Me... -43JVt. .. .41 Md.. . 9|Va... 4 Mass. ,16\Wash -34 Mich. -18[W.Va .30 Minn. .32[Wis.. 13 Miss. .461 Wyo. 24 i \« REVEN E PER U CAPITA, FRO T B C , M O AC O 1880. $ .028 Ariz.......... ' .166 Ark........... .052 Cal............ .808 Colo.......... .147 Conn......... .276 Dak.......... .080 Del............ 1.697 Fla............ .715 Ga............. .048 Ida........... .061 Ill.............. .809 Ind............ .167 Iowa......... .183 Kans......... .100 Ky............ 1.021 La............. .448 Me............ .080 Md............ 1.308 Mass......... .341 Mich......... .683 Minn......... .138 Miss.......... .024 Mo............ 1.102 Mont..___ .095 Nebr......... .130 Nev........... .099 N.II........... .091 N.J........... 2.883 N.Mex___ .043 N.Y........... 1.527 N.C........... 1.313 Ohio.......... 1.010 .084 Oreft......... Pa............. .775 It.I............ .221 S.C............ .035 Tenn......... .083 Tex........... .052 Utah.......... .042 Yt............. .069 Va............ 3.547 Wash.___ .053 W. Va....... .404 Wis______ .715 Wyo.......... .084 1825. P R IC E -C H A R T OF C H E A P E S T G R A D E W H IS K E Y FOR 56 Y E A R S . 1880. $1.50 SCALE.— Each space between the price lines represents five cents. P late 7]N.Y... 6 Tnd. .. 5 N.J. .. 4 V a.... 3 2 $0 00 08 10 1 1 12 12 15 18 22 22 26 28 29 38 44 47 55 56 62 64 66 66 68 68 78 78 80 80 93 1 17 1 43 15 1 1 66 1 98 1 99 2 02 2 42 2 46 2 69 2 98 3 09 3 68 3 79 6 30 5 57 7 42 (Fiscal y e a r end ing Juno 30.) IN T E R N A L REV EN U E, Per Capita, bv States, 46 Miss. . 45 A la ... & ,S.C___ 4 ‘ M e .... c 42 T e x ... 4 V t.. .. 1 4( Ark... 3 Ga._.. 1 38/Utah. . 37 Kans.36 N.Mex 35 Dak.._ 31 Wash.S i Oreg.. 32 Minn.. 3 Iowa.1 3 W.Va. C 2t R.I.. .. 2* Tenn.27 Ariz. . 26 La... . 25 Conn.24 Wyo. . 23 Ida. .. 22 Colo. . 2 N.II... 1 20 Mont. 19 N ev... 18 Mich.. 17 Fla. .. 16 Mass.. 15 P a . . .. 1 N.C. .4 13 W is..12 Nebr.. 1 Del. .. 1 10 Mo.... 9 Md. . . 8 Cal. .. „ Consumption of F E R M E N T E D LIQUORS, per Capita $4.00 and over 1 C O M M E R C E IN T E R N A L REVENUE, ~ ~ i \ A ^JSTJD 8 2 __ I I I ' A U T I ^ S ICOMMERCE F N- - N O E U T D P late 83 ANALYSIS OF THE EXPENDITURES OF THE UNITED STATES.. (Based on the Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury.) ’15 ’l l ’12 '13 O R D IN A R Y EXPEN D ITURES. '18 19(1820^21 (In nearest thousands o f dollars.) C ivil a d n Y ear. M e isc l la e u n o s. rreol 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 IS-’O 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 182« 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 W ar. 1,084 4,673 511 750 1,379 802 1,259 1,140 1,039 633 1,101 I’l30 2,639 2,481 1,260 1,039 2,010 2,467 1,115 1,463 1,843 2,191 3,769 2,890 1,698 1,423 1,216 1,101 1,367 1,683 1,729 2,208 2,899 2,990 3,519 3,836 3,067 2,592 2,223 1,968 2,022 7,155 2,749 2,600 2,713 3,676 3,082 3,237 3,065 4,577 5,716 4,405 4,230 1,673 1,179 822 875 713 1,224 1,289 2,901 3,346 2,294 2,033 11,818 19,652 20,351 14,794 16,012 8,004 5,623 6,505 2,630 4,461 3,112 3,097 3,341 3,660 3,943 3,949 4,146 4,724 4,767 4,842 5,446 6,704 5,696 5,759 Navy. 61 411 275 383 1,381 2,858 3,449 2,111 916 1,215 1,190 1,598 1,650 1,722 1,884 2,428 1,654 1,966 3,959 6,447 7,311 8,660 3,908 3,315 2,954 3,848 4,388 3,319 2,224 2,504 2,905 3,049 4,219 4,264 3,919 3,309 3,239 3,856 3,956 3,901 3,956 3,865 13,683 6.647 9,893 6,132 7,161 12,897 6,182 5,726 8,917 6,114 7,095 5,995 6,001 8,802 6,491 6,610 8,397 6,776 3,728 al 84 3 2,909 3,203 1844 5,218 6,498 5,645 1845 5,746 6,297 5,912 6,455 184G 6,711 10,413 1847 6,886 a5,840 7,901 1848 5,651 27,688 9,408 9,787 1849 12,885 14,558 1850 16,044 9,687 7,905 12,162 8,881 1851 17,889 8,522 8,919 1852 17,504 9,910 11,068 1853 17,463 11,722 10,790 1854 26,672 14,648 13,327 1855 24,090 16,963 14,075 1856 31,79-4 19,159 12,652 1857 28,565 25,679 14,053 1858 26,400 23,155 14,691 1859 23,798 16,472 11,515 I860 27,978 23,002 12,387 1861 23,327 389,174 42,640 1802 21,386 1863 23.198 603.314 63,261 1864 27.572' 690.391 85,705 42,989 1,030,690 122,617 1806 40,613 283,155 43,286 95,224 31,034 1867 51.110 1868 53,010 123,247 25,776 78,502 20,001 1869 56,474 57,656 21,780 1870 53,237 35,800 19,431 1871 60,482 35,372 21,250 1872 60,985 46,323 23,526 1873 73.328 42,314 30,935 1874' 85.142 41,121 21,498 1875 71,071 1876 73,600 38,071 18,965 37,083 14,960 1877 58.927 32,154 17,365 1878! 53,178 40.426 15,125 1879 65.742 38,117 13,537 1880 54,714 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 dn P n n In ia s. e sio s. 176 109 80 81 69 101 92 105 95 64 74 85 63 80 82 82 71 83 88 84 75 91 87 90 70 189 297 891 2,416 3,208 243 1,948 1,781 1,499 1,309 1,557 976 851 950 1,363 1,171 1,184 4,589 3,364 1,955 2,672 2,156 3,143 2,604 2,388 1,379 839 2,032 2,401 1,811 1,745 1,227 1,329 1,867 2,293 2,402 1,756 1,233 1,478 1,296 1,310 1,220 1,222 1,101 1,035 852 1,079 4,985 16,348 15,606 20,937! 23,782 , 28,477 28,340 34,444 28,533 29,359 29,038 29,456 28,257 27,964 27,137 a5,121 56,777 T tal. o 27 14 27 13 23 114 62 16 20 9 94 60 117 197 234 205 214 338 178 152 278 167 167 531 275 319 506 463 316 477 575 381 430 724 743 751 705 576 622 931 1,352 1,803 1,004 1 706 5,037 4,348 5,504 2,529 2,632 2,515 1,199 578 1,257 1,539 1,028 1,430 1,252 1,374 1,664 2,830 3,044 3,880 1,550 2,773 2,644 4,354 4,978 3,491 2.991 2,865 2,328 3,152 2,630 5,059 3,296 4,643 4,101 7,043 3,408 7,427 7,062 7,952 6,692 8,385 5,967 5,277 4,629 5,206 5,945 ’23 ’24 ’25 ’26 ’27 '28 '29(18300’31 '32 ’34 ’35 '3 G I’371’381\39(lSfO ’421’43 i ’441*451’4 6 1’47 ’48 WlSjoVsi 52 ')’411 53 ’54 55 ’56 57 ’58 '59<SC jl 0)’611 ’62 ’63 ’64 ' i ’G O’67 ’68 ’ — 72 73 71 75 7 6 1’77 78 ’9(1SS0) $ 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 P m m In re re iu s te st. 1,920 5,896 1,749 3,545 4,363 2,551 2,836 4,652 ........ 6,480 7,411 4,982 3,737 4,003 4,453 6,357 6,080 4,985 6,504 7,415 5,311 5,593 17,829 28,082 30,128 26,954 23,373 15,455 13,809 16,300 ______ 13,135 10,723 9,828 ............ 9,784 15,330 ______ 11,490 13,062 12,653 13,296 12,641 13,230 13,864 16,516 22,714 18,425 17,515 30,868 37,243 33,850 26,497 24,140 26,197 24,361 11,257 20,650 21,895 18 26,418 53,802 ______ 45,227 83 39,934 37,166 44,055 70 170 40,390 420 44,078 51,968 2,878 872 56,316 385 66,773 364 66,041 574 72,330 66,356 — 60,057 ______ 62,616 456,380 694,005 ............ 811,284 1,718 1,217,704 58 385,955 202,948 10,818 229,915 7,001 1,675 190,496 164,422 15,997 9,017 157 584 6,958 153,202 5,106 180,489 1,395 194,119 171,530 — 164,858 144,210 --- . . . . 134,463 . . . . . . . . 161,620 169,090 2,795 1,178 2'374 2,098 2^53 2,947 3,239 3,173 2,956 2,816 3,403 4^12 4,239 3,949 4,185 2,657 3,369 3,370 2,557 2,866 3,164 2,585 2,451 3,599 4,593 5,990 7,823 4,536 6,210 5,212 5,151 5,126 5,173 4,922 4,944 4,367 3,976 3,486 3,099 2,543 1,913 1,374 77S 304 202 58 15 400 175 285 774 524 1,833 1,040 843 1,119 2,391 3,566 $75,000,000 __ $ 7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 E X P LA N A T O R Y .—The irregular color lines, crossing this chart from left to right, show the annual variations in the several classes of expenditures, from 1789 to 1880. To show the total expenditures for 1865, on this scale, would require a chart nearly thirteen feet high. Hence, all items above $80,000,000 are shown on the chart of totals—Plate 80— the scale of which is one-tenth of that used here. The amounts for 1843 are for six months only, as the begin ning of the fiscal year was then changed from January 1 to July 1. $65,000,000 $ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Pensions. $55,000,000 Civil and Miscellaneous. $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $45,000,000 _ -W a ro fl P Black HSwll’s W ar : and :W a r with theiCreeks. $ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ; F oridaHWa = Civil W . r = Mexico, 3,782 3,697 4,000 3,666 3,071 2,314 1,954 1,593 1,652 2,638 3,144 4,034 13,190 24,730 53,685 77,395 133,068 143,782 140,424 130,694 129,235 125,577 117,358 104,751 107,120 103,094 100,243 9V,125 102,501 105,328 95,758 $35,000,000 $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 * $25,000,000 $ 2 0 , 00 0 ,0 0 0 $15,000,000 a Six m onths 01 Navy. $ 10, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 10, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 . $5,000,000 Ordinary Expenses Civil and Miscellaneous Interest W ar Pensions In d ian s--------- Navy Premiums. i •* ’9(1810),11 ’12 H 13 Washington. Adams. Jefferson. Madison. ’1G ’18 ’19(1820)’21 Monroe. 34 ’to ’28 «9(1S30)’31?82 ’33 ’34 ’ J. Q. Adams. Jackson. ’53 Van Buren. Harrison. Tyler. Polk. Taylor. Fillmore ’54 ’55 ’56 ’57 ’58’ Pierce. Buchanan. (63 2S4165 ’06 ’07 ’08 ’69 1870V71 72 Lincoln. Johnson. 74 Grant. 75 ’76 ’77 ’78 ’9(1880) Hayes z m rAn r i F s . . s oE c o m m er c e ORDINARY RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES, PER CAPITA. (Based on tlie Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury.) 1789 to 1791 '92. '93 •94 ’95 •90 '97 '98 ’9(lSI0)’ll •99(1S O n C) '1G •17 ’IS ’13 ’14 19(1820)’21 ’22 ’23 ’24 ’25 ’26 ’27 ’28 ’29(1S3Q )’31 ’32 •33 •34 ’3 5 1 ’42 ’43 ’44 ’45 *46 ’ 47 ’48 *49(1S50)’51 ’ 52 ’53 ’56 •57 ’58 ’59(1800)’61)’ ’63 & ’65 4 $35 66 ’67 ’68 * ’71 ’72 ’73 ’74 75 ’76 78 ’9 S O S) $35 E X P L A N A T O R Y ,—The irregular color lines, crossing this chart from left to right, show the variations in the ordi nary expenses and receipts of the United States, per capita, by years, from 1789 to 1880, inclusive. $30 $30 TABLE OF R E C E IP T S AND $25 $20 W arw itl Northwes- $15 Receipts Rece pti Exp’naea Year. per Cap. j Exp'nses Year. per < per Cap. Year. Receipts Exp'nses Year. Receipts Exp'nses per Cap. per Cap. per Cap. V 1801 $ 2 1802 2 E X P E N D IT U R E S 1803 i 1804 1 P E R C A P IT A . 1805 2 1806 2 Y e a r I ^ eCflPta Exp'nses 2 per Cap. per Cap. 1807 1808 2 1809 1 1789 ) 1 9 ' $42 $ 16 1810 1 70 1791 j 1811 1 1792 1812 1 1793 1813 1 1814 1 1794 1795 1815 1 1796 1816 5 1797 1817 3 1798 1818 2 1799 18111 2 1800 1820 1 36 $ 65 89 96 18 42 48 50 10 29 93 27 81 37 87 53 73 36 62 85 1 1 2 8 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 90 66 68 73 02 94 75 95 05 73 75 33 55 70 22 71 74 51 73 35 1821 $ 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 46 97 95 78 95 20 94 03 98 93 15 34 43 51 39 34 59 63 l l 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 8!i 1 14 07 96 92 41 03 13 07 09 01 02 04 21 62 28 18 02 37 10 59 41 1841 % 95 $ 1842 1 11 1843 <2 ) 44 1844 1 52 1845 i 50 1846 1 44 1847 1 25 1848 1 63 1819 1 36 1850 i 88 1851 2 19 1852 2 O C 1859 2 44 1854 2 79 1855 2 39 1856 2 63 1857 2 33 1858 1 56 18511 1 72 I860 1 78 1 48 1861 $ 1 34 1862 60 1863 1 07 1864 1 10 1865 1 28 1866 2 54 1867 2 07 1868 1 77 1869 1 60 1870 1 83 1871 1 62 1872 1 72 1873 1 96 1874 2 06 1875 2 87 1876 2 28 1877 2 43 1878 2 IB 1879 1 91 1880 1 1 3 7 9 14 12 10 9 10 9 9 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 6 V9 $ 58 35 14 26 65 78 18 46 26 48 01 78 04 49 46 09 43 47 64 1 13 20 23 35 10 5 6 5 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 2 3 3 $25 95 80 82 04 88 60 21 04 26 99 78 34 55 92 67 13 83 31 $20 War ith irviw. Mexico $15 37 $10 $10 Ordinary Receipts $5 Ordinary Expenses Ordinary Receipts Ordinary Expenses I N C R E A S E OF P O P U L A T I O N . (Introduced here for Comparison w ith the Receipts and Expenses of the Government.) Sim ha nTFu ns h e " " ~ i 9 S ™ ^g4p25pac ’32 ’’33 " " *ac]r 55,000,000 55.000. 000 50.000. 000 Population 45.000. 000 40.000. 000 P late 8 4 COPYRIGHT. 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. * D is ^s c P i r j r E . - s i c o m m er c e Ah t d P late 85 UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE. (Based on the Records of the Post Office Department.) P O ST A L . S T A T I S T IC S F R O M 1 7 9 0 TO 1 8 8 0 . Y ear 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1790 1797 1798 179? 1800 1801 1802 1 8 0 .: 1801 1805 1800 1807 180S 180? 1810 1811 1812 1813 1811 1815 1810 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1820 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 18 :3 3 1834 1835 1830 1837 1838 1839 1 8 (0 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1 8 (0 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1850 1857 1858 1859 I8 6 0 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 186H 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 N o. o f O ffices. M ile a g e o! R o u tes . 75 1 ,8 7 5 T o ta l R evenue. $ T o ta l E x p e n d itu r e . 3 7 ,9 3 5 S a la r ie s o f P o stm a ste rs. $ $ 3 2 ,1 4 0 8 ,1 9 8 ’9 (isio^’i ’16 ’17 ’18 ’1d7T 20P21 ’22 ’23 ’21 ’25 ’26 ’27 ’28'29(ISS0)’31 ’32 ’33 '34 | | ’37 ’38 ’39(l«lft)’41 ’’42 | '’41 | M | | '’19(!S5»)’511’52 | ’54 | ’56 I’57 '58 ’50!1S6»)'61 ’’62 ’03 '’6 11 S ’66 ’07 I | s ’35 ’36 ’43 ’(5 S ’47 ’-18 ’53 ’55 ’O ’CS ’0!)(lS70)’711’721’73 | l’75 | ’7T 5 ’D O ’74 ’78 T78 (llK ) T o f M a ils . $ 2 2 ,0 8 1 $37,500,000 Total Expenditure. 453 1 3 ,2 0 7 1 6 0 ,0 2 0 1 1 7 ,8 9 3 3 0 ,2 7 2 7 5 ,3 5 9 903 2 0 ,8 1 7 2 8 0 ,8 0 4 2 1 3 ,9 9 4 6 9 ,2 4 3 1 2 8 ,6 4 4 $35,000,000 _BI3ck_ Hawk*. 1 ,5 5 8 3 1 ,0 7 0 4 2 1 ,3 7 3 3 7 7 ,3 6 7 1 1 1 ,5 5 2 3 0 ,4 0 6 5 5 1 ,6 8 4 4 9 5 ,9 6 9 1 4 9 ,4 3 8 4 3 ,7 4 8 4 8 ,6 7 3 5 2 ,0 8 9 5 9 ,4 7 3 6 7 ,5 8 6 7 2 ,4 9 2 7 8 ,8 0 8 8 2 ,7 6 3 8 4 ,8 6 0 8 4 ,8 6 0 9 4 ,0 5 2 9 4 ,0 5 2 1 0 5 ,3 3 0 1 0 5 ,3 3 6 1 1 5 ,0 0 0 1 1 5 ,1 7 6 1 1 5 ,4 8 6 1 0 4 ,4 6 6 1 1 9 ,9 1 6 1 1 9 ,9 1 6 1 1 3 ,7 7 4 1 1 8 ,2 6 4 1 4 1 ,2 4 2 1 3 4 ,8 1 8 1 3 3 ,9 9 9 1 5 5 ,7 3 9 1 5 5 ,0 2 6 1 4 9 ,7 3 2 1 4 2 ,2 9 5 1 4 4 ,6 8 7 1 4 3 ,9 4 0 1 5 2 ,8 6 5 1 5 3 ,8 1 8 1 6 3 ,2 0 8 1 6 3 ,7 0 3 1 7 8 ,6 7 2 1 9 6 ,2 9 0 2 1 4 ,2 8 4 2 1 7 ,7 4 3 2 1 9 ,9 3 5 2 2 7 ,9 0 8 2 3 9 .6 4 2 2 4 2 ,6 0 1 2 6 0 ,6 0 3 2 6 0 ,0 5 2 2 4 0 ,5 9 4 1 4 0 ,1 3 9 1 3 4 ,0 1 3 1 3 9 ,5 9 8 1 3 9 ,1 7 1 1 4 2 ,3 4 0 1 8 0 ,9 2 1 2 0 3 ,2 4 5 2 1 6 ,9 2 8 2 2 3 ,7 3 1 2 3 1 ,2 3 2 2 3 8 ,3 5 9 2 5 1 ,3 9 8 2 5 6 .2 1 0 2 6 9 ,0 9 7 2 7 7 ,8 7 3 2 8 1 ,7 9 8 2 9 2 ,8 2 0 3 0 1 ,9 6 6 3 1 6 ,7 1 1 3 4 3 ,8 8 8 1 ,0 4 3 ,0 6 5 9 6 1 ,7 8 2 1 ,0 0 3 ,9 7 3 1 ,1 3 0 ,2 3 5 1 ,2 0 4 ,7 3 7 1 ,1 1 1 ,9 2 7 1 ,0 5 9 ,0 8 7 1 ,1 1 7 ,4 9 0 1 ,1 3 0 ,1 1 5 1 ,1 9 7 ,7 5 8 1 ,3 0 6 ,5 2 5 1 ,4 4 7 ,7 0 3 1 ,5 2 4 ,6 3 3 1 ,6 5 9 ,9 1 5 1 ,7 0 7 ,4 1 8 1 ,8 5 0 ,5 8 3 1 ,9 9 7 ,8 1 1 2 ,2 5 8 ,5 7 0 2 ,6 1 7 ,0 1 1 2 ,8 2 3 ,7 4 9 2 ,9 9 3 ,3 5 6 3 ,4 0 8 ,3 2 3 4 ,2 3 6 ,7 7 9 4 ,2 3 8 ,7 3 3 4 ,4 8 4 ,6 5 7 4 ,5 4 3 ,5 2 2 4 ,4 0 7 , 7 2 6 4 ,5 4 6 , 8 4 9 4 ,2 9 6 , 2 2 5 4^237^288 4 ,2 8 9 ,8 4 1 3 ,4 8 7 , 1 9 9 3 ,9 5 5 , 8 9 3 4 ,3 7 1 , 0 7 7 4 ,9 0 5 , 1 7 6 5 ,5 5 2 ,9 7 1 6 ,7 2 7 , 8 6 7 6 ,9 2 5 ,9 7 1 5 ,9 4 0 ,7 2 5 6 ,9 5 5 , 5 8 6 7 ,3 4 2 ,1 3 6 7 ,6 2 0 ^ 8 2 2 8 ,0 5 3 ,9 5 2 8 ,1 8 6 , 7 9 3 8 ,6 6 8 , 4 8 4 8 ,5 1 8 , 0 6 7 8 ,3 4 9 , 2 9 6 8 ,2 9 9 * 8 2 1 1 1 ,1 6 3 ,7 9 0 1 2 ,4 3 8 ,2 5 4 1 4 ,5 5 6 ,1 5 9 14*386^986 1 5 ,2 3 7 ,0 2 7 1 6 , 2 9 2 ,6 0 1 1 8 ,3 4 4 ;5 1 1 1 9 ,7 7 2 ,2 2 1 2 0 ,0 3 7 ,0 4 5 2 1 ,9 1 5 ,4 2 6 2 2 ,9 9 6 ,7 4 2 2 6 ,4 7 7 ,0 7 2 2 6 ,7 9 1 ,3 6 0 2 7 ,8 9 5 ,9 0 8 2 7 ,4 6 8 ,3 2 3 2 9 ,2 7 7 ,5 1 7 3 0 ,0 4 1 ,9 8 3 3 3 ,3 1 5 ,4 7 9 7 4 8 ,1 2 1 8 0 4 ,4 2 2 9 1 6 ,5 1 5 1 ,0 3 5 ,8 3 2 1 ,1 1 7 ,8 6 1 1 ,1 6 0 ,9 2 6 1484*283 1 ,1 6 7 5 7 2 1 ,1 5 6 ,9 9 5 i;i8 8 ;0 1 9 1 ,2 2 9 ,0 4 3 1 ,3 6 6 4 1 2 1 ,4 6 8 ,9 5 9 1 ,6 8 9 ,9 4 5 1 ,7 8 2 ,1 3 2 1 ,9 3 2 ,7 0 8 1 ,9 3 6 ,1 2 2 2 ;2 6 6 ;i7 1 2 ,9 3 0 ,4 1 4 2 ,9 1 0 ,6 0 5 2 ,7 5 7 ,3 5 0 3 ,8 4 1 ,7 6 6 3 ,5 4 4 ,6 3 0 4 ,4 3 0 ,6 6 2 4 ,6 3 6 ,5 3 6 4 ,7 1 8 .2 3 6 4 4 9 9 ,5 2 8 5 ,6 7 4 ,7 5 2 4 374 754 4 ,2 9 6 ^ 5 1 3 4 ,3 2 0 ,7 3 2 4 ,0 8 4 ,2 9 7 3 ,9 7 9 ,5 7 0 4 ,3 2 6 ,8 5 0 4 ,4 7 9 ,0 4 9 5 ,2 1 2 ,9 5 3 6^ 278*402 7 ,1 0 8 ,4 5 9 7 ,9 8 2 ,9 5 7 8 ,5 7 7 ,4 2 4 9 ,9 6 8 ,3 4 2 1 0 ,4 0 5 ,2 8 6 1 1 ,5 0 8 ^ 0 5 8 12422470 1 5 ,7 5 4 ,0 9 3 1 9 ,1 7 0 .6 1 0 1 3 6 0 6 ,7 5 9 1 1 ,1 2 5 ,3 6 4 ( 1 ,3 1 4 ,2 0 7 1 2 ,6 4 4 ,7 8 6 1 3 ,6 9 4 ,7 2 8 1 5 ,3 5 2 ,0 7 9 1 » ;2 3 5 ;4 8 3 2 2 ,7 3 0 ,5 9 3 2 3 ;6 9 8 (1 3 1 2 3 ,9 9 8 ,8 3 7 2 4 ,3 9 0 ,1 0 4 2 6 ,6 5 8 ,1 9 2 2 9 ^ 0 8 4 ,9 4 6 32426415 3 3 ,6 1 1 ,3 0 9 3 3 ,2 6 3 ,4 8 8 3 3 ,4 8 6 ,3 2 2 3 4 ,1 6 5 ,0 8 4 3 3 ,4 4 9 ,8 9 9 3 6 ,5 4 2 ,8 0 4 2 4 1 ,9 0 1 2 6 5 ,9 4 4 3 0 3 ,9 1 6 3 4 6 ,4 2 9 375*828 3 5 2 ,2 9 5 3 3 7 ,5 9 9 355*299 3 6 0 ,4 6 2 383*804 4 1 1 ,1 8 3 4 4 7 ,7 2 7 4 8 6 ,4 1 1 548^049 5 5 9 ,2 3 7 595^234 6 3 5 ,0 2 8 7 1 5 ,4 8 1 8 2 6 ,2 8 3 897417 9 4 5 ,4 1 8 8 1 2 ,8 0 3 891^852 933*948 9 8 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,0 2 8 ,9 2 5 1 ,0 1 8 ,6 4 5 1 ,1 4 7 ,2 5 6 1 ,4 2 6 ,3 9 4 1 ,3 5 8 ,3 1 6 1 ,4 0 9 ,8 7 5 1 ,0 4 2 ,0 7 9 1 ,0 6 0 ,2 2 8 4 8 7 ,7 7 9 5 2 1 ,9 7 0 5 8 9 ,1 8 9 6 6 4 ,6 1 1 7 1 7 ,8 8 1 7 8 2 ,4 2 5 8 1 5 ,6 8 1 788418 7 6 7 ,4 6 4 7 6 8 ,9 8 9 7 8 5 ,6 4 6 8 8 5 ,1 0 0 9 4 2 ,3 4 5 1 ,0 8 6 ,3 1 3 1 ,1 5 3 ,6 4 6 i;2 7 4 i0 0 9 1 ,2 5 2 ,2 2 6 1 ,4 8 2 ,5 0 7 1 ,8 9 4 ,6 3 8 1 ,9 2 5 ,5 4 4 1 ,7 1 9 ,0 0 7 1 ,6 3 8 ,0 5 2 1 ,9 9 6 ,7 2 7 3 4 3 1 ,3 0 8 3 ,2 8 5 ^ 6 2 2 3 ,2 9 6 ,8 7 6 3 ,1 5 9 ,3 7 5 3 ,0 8 7 ,7 9 6 2 ,9 4 7 ,3 1 9 2 ,9 3 8 ,5 5 1 2 ,9 0 5 ,5 0 4 2 ,7 1 6 ,6 7 3 2 ,4 7 6 ,4 5 5 2 ,3 9 4 * 7 0 3 2 * 5 7 7 ,4 0 7 2 ,9 6 5 ,7 8 6 3 ,5 3 8 ,0 6 4 4 ,2 2 5 ,3 1 1 4 ,9 0 6 ,3 0 8 5 ,4 0 1 ,3 8 2 6 ,0 7 6 ,3 3 5 6 ,7 6 5 ,6 3 9 7 ,2 3 9 ,3 3 3 8 ,2 4 6 ,0 5 4 7 ,1 5 7 ,6 2 9 8 ^ 8 0 8 ,7 1 0 5 ,3 0 9 ,4 5 4 5^853^834 5 ,7 4 0 ,5 7 6 5 ,8 1 8 ,4 6 9 6 ,2 4 6 ,8 8 4 7*030474 9 ,3 3 6 ,2 8 6 1 0 ,2 6 6 ,0 5 6 1 0 ^ 4 0 6 ,5 0 1 1 0 ,8 8 4 ,6 5 3 1 1 ,5 2 9 ,3 9 5 1 5 ,5 4 7 ,8 2 1 1 6 ,1 6 1 ,0 3 4 1 8 ,8 8 1 ,3 1 9 1 8 , 7 7 7 ,2 0 1 1 8 ,3 6 1 ,0 4 8 1 8 ,5 2 9 ,2 3 8 1 9 ; 2 6 2 ;4 2 1 2 0 ,0 1 2 ,8 7 2 2 2 ,2 5 5 ,9 8 4 Total Revenue. 3 2 7 ,9 6 6 3 ,0 0 0 3 ,2 0 0 3 ,4 5 9 3 ,0 1 8 4 ,0 0 0 4 ,5 0 0 4 ,6 5 0 4 ,7 0 9 4 ,0 4 3 5 ,1 8 2 5 .6 7 7 6 .1 5 0 7 ,0 0 3 7 ,5 3 0 8 ,0 0 4 8 ,4 5 0 8 ,6 8 6 9 ,2 0 5 1 0 ,1 2 7 1 0 ,6 9 3 1 0 ,7 7 0 1 1 ,0 9 1 1 1 ,7 6 7 1 2 ,5 1 9 1 2 ,7 8 0 1 3 ,4 6 8 1 3 ,7 7 8 1 3 ,7 3 3 1 3 ,8 1 4 1 4 ,1 0 3 1 4 ,1 8 3 1 4 ,6 0 1 1 5 ,1 4 6 1 6 ,1 5 9 1 6 ,7 4 9 1 8 ,4 1 7 1 9 ,7 9 6 2 0 ,9 0 1 2 2 ,3 2 0 2 3 ,5 4 8 2 4 ,4 1 0 2 5 ,5 6 5 2 6 ,5 8 6 2 7 ,9 7 7 2 8 ,5 3 9 2 8 ,4 9 8 2 8 ,5 8 6 2 8 ,8 7 5 2 9 ,0 4 7 2 8 ,8 7 8 2 0 ,5 5 0 23328 2 5 ,1 6 3 2 6 ,4 8 1 2 7 ,1 0 6 2 8 ,4 9 2 3 0 ,0 4 5 3 1 ,8 6 3 3 3 ,2 4 4 3 4 ,2 9 4 3 5 ,5 4 7 3 6 ,3 8 3 3 7 ,3 4 5 3 9 ,2 5 8 4 0 ,8 5 5 4 2 ,9 8 9 PE piY iL W aivE E — - Wa 2 3 9 ,6 3 5 2 ,3 0 0 -Mexipan - loridazVVa $32,500,000 $30,000,000 1 ,3 2 0 ,9 2 1 1 ,5 4 9 ,3 7 6 1 ,7 8 1 ,6 8 6 1 ,2 9 6 ,7 6 5 1 ,4 0 6 ,4 7 7 1 ,7 0 7 ,7 0 8 2 ,1 3 5 ,3 3 5 2 ,1 0 2 ,8 9 1 2 ,2 8 5 ,6 1 0 2 ,3 5 5 ,0 1 6 2 ,4 5 3 ,9 0 1 2 ,5 5 2 ,8 6 8 2^514*157 2 ,3 4 0 ,7 6 7 2 ,8 7 6 ,9 8 3 3 ,1 7 4 ,3 2 6 3 ,3 8 3 ,3 8 2 3 ,4 5 4 ,6 7 7 4 ,0 3 3 ,7 2 8 4 .2 5 5 ,3 1 1 4 ,5 4 6 ^ 9 5 8 4 ,6 7 3 ,4 6 6 5 ,0 2 8 ^ 3 8 2 5 ,1 2 1 ,6 6 5 5^725*468 5 ,8 1 8 ,4 7 2 7 ,0 4 9 ,9 3 6 7 ,3 9 7 ,3 9 7 7 2 9 5 ,2 5 1 7 ,9 7 7 ^ 8 5 2 7 ,1 8 5 ,5 4 0 7 ,7 0 1 ,4 1 8 E X P L A N A T O R Y .—The irregular color lines, crossing this chart from left to right, show the annual variations in the total revenue, salaries of postmasters, transportation of mails, and total expenditure from 1790 to 1880, inclusive. $27,500,000 $25,000,000 $22,500,000 Transportation of Mails. 2 0 , 000,000 $ $17,500,000 $15,000,000 $12,500,000 $ 10, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Salaries of Postmasters. $7,500,000 -Blacl -W a rq fl8 l2 ~andW ar ~ ~ JjsNorthwest ZCivihW arr ^w ith th e^ I n d ia ns . $5,000,000 $5,000,000 $2,500,000 $ 2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 Total Revenue. \ Total Expenditure. Transportation o f Mails. Salaries of Postmasters. » * : ; i * * ! ;89(179())gll^2_[Mj3_[9£[95^96j^9^^ Washington. Adams. ['47 |'48 |'49(1850)'511»52^53 [’541/55j'56 |*571*58 f59(1^860)^ei^ggJ^ggj^adj^O^ggJ^gTj^gg^g^^ Jefferson. Madison. Monroe. J. Q. Adams. Jackson. ]/an Buren. Harrison. Tyler. COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, Polk. Taylor. Fillmore. Pierce. Buchanan. Lincoln. Johnson. j*74 |«75176 1*77 |78-|,9(feS0) Grant. Hayes. z u f n ’89(n9QV91p92 ^93 ^oTpOSpOcT^OTpOsj^QCISOOVlp^’S [ M |’5 |*6 7 c o m m er c e ’8 ’9gsip/l 1| g[% M 1311141’151’161^171’18[*19(lS2072ll,221’23[^241^25["^6 j*27[" 28(lSSO)^!!"821 ^ | ^ | "35[^361’371^|,39(lS40),4l|M21"431’44[ T 451^461M7[’48|M 9QSSOySlI^31*531T 541’551"6C |*571\581T 59(iSCOyClj^2[ "63[’C41"651"CC^G ?["68]"C C O irT O lST /T ^|^3[^741*75[ 2 d P e r io d . 1s t P e r io d . C o l o n ia l - A s o e _ _n d ^h t i a h t : 3d 5 t h P e r io d . 6th 7 t h P e r io d . P e r io d . 8th | "78I^ q SO ’771 Q'S ) 9 t h P e r io d . P e r io d . R ATES OF L E T T E R POSTAGE. 35c features o f the laws regulating domestic letter postage. Each rate is slated in a brief note, located to correspond with the scale o f the chart, w hile the color covers the entire ranee o f single letter rates fo r the several periods. 35c 30c 30c Over 400milesv25c ■Q : 5 0miles, 25c ysj Q 25c (O C O Over 400 miles, 25c 25c c -0 a ■ O L . .c r> ! C O =, Colonial § Rates. 150 to 4 0 miles, 18^c 0 1 0to 400miles. 18%c 5 2 0 to 250miles, 17c 0 9 to 150miles, 12>£c 0 ■« < 60to 100 miles, 10c 1 4 > 4 to 00 miles, 10c 0 J 3 10 c "C 9 -------------- 1 W —1 30 to 60miles, 8c 8 Under 40miles, 8 c £ 1 7 & •* c ! Under 30miles, G 6 t -g 1 S o ------------- cr 1 o R 4 *2 s 1 3 C O 1 £ W eight 1-20 oz. Over 300 miles, 10c < fc r t Under 30miles, 6c e 1 Under 300miles, 5c U c *: t a > T 3 6 « C ___ e_ S Over 3,000 miles, 10c s S - 15c .5 < / > -o «6 «s c n 5 ^ © £ C 0 “■ D 8 7 6 • 5c I £ 5 1 s M f c £ | < < < i < o < *3 3 "© O l 1 f a = -D © " D C * *O « « W . 1 . -S w ® e 1 i t j Pi 10 c C 8 3 1 1 to > 0 .T 0 i. l 0 0 c a ? Under 3 miles, 6c 0 i -0 0 -5 . % 7- a. 0 cc £ 1 1 I® < E (0 ■ J 8 t < • < x "5 t o 2 3 to 8 miles, 10c 0 0 3 to 8 miles, 10c 0 0 « © 3 2 i . ■0 >, - © ________ £___________________________ O a 3 ■ - 1 _________ m 80 to 150miles, 12% c i § » E w C> / V ~ o l 0 £ Q . © « K C $ ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 20c 5 ? 2 _3 O L . G dollar for jj 1 0 to 200miles. 15o 5 5 every w & COmiles. ^ n O c .5 ■» 1 -0 0 1 0 to 300miles, 17c, 5 5 of a -00 15c •= *2 ___ 300 to 500miles, 20c 260 to 350miles, 20c 20c 185! 350to 450miles, 22c From June 1 1792, to July 1 1845, a single piece o f paper counted as a single letter, and each additional piece as an additional letter. , , < n 4 Anywhere in the United States, 3c Under 3,000 miles, 3c 3 A fter July 1 1845, half an ounce, or any part thereof, counted as a single letter. , A package weighing 1oz. counted as 4 letters. ’25 ’20 ’S'TFispiusioTiM^^ Total Receipts from the Sale o f Stam ps and other Expenses in Excess o f Receipts, Postal Material, by States, 1880. Rank 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 State. Amount. Ala. .. Vt. ... : $ Ala. . .28 Mo... 6 Ariz. .45 Mont. 42 A rk.. .34 Nebr. 25 Cal. . 9 Nev.. 40 Colo. .23 N.IL. .26 Conn. .13 N.J. . 12 Dak.. .37 JV.il/ex46 Del. ..41 N.Y.- 1 D. C...32 N.C.. 30 Fla. . .38[Ohio. 5 Ga... .21 Oreg. .36 Ida. ..47 Pa.. . 2 111.. . 3 R.I.-- .29 Ind. . .10 ^.C. . .33 Iowa. . 8[Tenn. .22 Kans. .14 Tex.. .15 Ky. ..19 Utah. .39 La... .24 Vt. . .27 Me... 18 V a... .20 Md... .16 Wash -43 Mass. 4 W.Va 35 Mich. . 7[Wis.. .11 Minn. .17 Wyo. .44 Miss. .31 sc a le Rank State. Per Cent. : Rank $1,500,000 Del. .. Me.... W is... N .H ... .7 .9 6.6 6.8 13.9 17.2 19.9 24.5 26.1 41.4 50.3 77.9 SCA Per Cent. F 35 Iow a. 1.8 34 v t . . . . 4.7 33 Ind. .. 5.6 8.5 32 iMd. .. 31 Minn.. 11.1 14.0 no D.C... 18.1 29 Mo.... 19.9 88 Ohio.. 20.5 27 W . Va. 22.1 26 Tenn.. 25 K y.... 24.1 32.4 24 S.C. .. 39.5 23 Kans.. 22 G a.... 44.7 21 V a.... 45.7 20 Miss. . 48.7 55.1 19 Colo. . 18 La. ... 55.4 17 N.C... 59.6 16 Ala. .. 07.8 15 |Cal. .. 68.5 14 [Tex... 118.1 13 Fla. .. 121.2 12 Oreg.. 154.9 1 Nebr.. 1 163.7 10 Wash.173.4 9 Dak... 174.4 8 Nev... 184.6 214.7 7 Utah.. 6 A rk... 270.8 5 Mont. . 289.2 4 Wyo. . 329.4 3 Ida. .. 518.2 2 N.Mex 676.1 1 Ariz. . 1,086.6 State. A B O i) E 20* G II I J K L Ill..... Mich.. Pa. ... N .J ... Conn.. N .Y ... Mass,. R.I__ le R E C E IP T S IN D E X ', : 20 * 4ft* w K SN S7 mm mim m CO* 8 i mm ■ wmm ■m ■■ m mm mm In ExcesS o f Expenses., Ala. . .16 Mo... .29 Ariz. . 1 Mont. 5 Ark.. . 6 Nebr. .11 Cal. . .15 Nev.. 8 Colo. .19 N.IL. F Conn. . I N.J. ..11 Dak.. 9 N.Mex 2 Del... .A N.Y.. J D.C.. .30 N.C.. .17 Fla. ..13 Ohio. .88 Ga... .22 Oreg. .12 Ida. . . 3 Pa.. ,G 111.. .D R.I... L Ind. . .33 s.c. .24 Iowa. .35 LTenn..26 Kans. .23 Tex.. .14 Ky. .25 Utah. 7 La. . .18 Vt. .. .34 Me... B Va. .21 Md. ..32 Wash -10 Mass. .K W.Va 27 Mich. E Wis.. C Minn. .31 Wyo. 4 Miss. .20 U n d er 6% E x c e s s ........ 6% a n d tin der 10%___ 10% *i n 20%___ 20% .» v 30%.... 30% >i " .. 60%_._ O ver 60%..................... EXPEN SES In Excess of Receipts^ U n d e r 10% E xcess----10%' an d u n d er 20%.__ 20% ♦ » 60%__ 50% w .. 100%.. 10 0%.. 400* »» .. 200%._ Over 200%.......... ........... .. 000 * $ 2, 000,000 $2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 3 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Pa. $ 4 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 5 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 6, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S S O N S . 8 6 M l a t e m P Nebr.. La. ... Colo.. Tenn.. 21 Ga.... 20 V a .... 19 K y . . . . 18 Me.... 17 Minn.. 16 Md.. . 15 Tex... 14 Kans.. 13 Conn.. 12 N.J. .. 11 Wis... 10 Ind. .. 9 Cal. .. 8 Iowa.7 Mich.. 6 Mo.... 5 Ohio.. 4 Mass.. 3 in___ 2 Pa. ... 1 N.Y... scale $ 100,000 29,821 200,000 34,167 34,834 37,805 $300,000 51,064 59,652 80,628 $400,000 94,807 94,933 101,604 $5 00 ,00 0 108,104 138,791 176,861 194,076 208,528 wmm 213,977 mm m 219,276 252,215 261,511 274,949 276,996 308,276 319,748 338,751 343,817 377,450 407,279 495,737 511,110 514,390 534,645 591,283 593,928 610,955 686,232 704,931 814,929 924,432 967,575 1,048,423 1,143,471 1,323,256 2,193,586 2,260.308 2,683,244 2,981,703 6,200,335 Ida. .. $ N.Mex Ariz. . Wyo. Wash.Mont.. D el... Nev.. Utah.. Fla. .. Dak... Oreg.. W.Va. A rk... s.c. .. D.C... Miss. . N.C— N .H ... — Comparison of Receipts Receipts in Excess o f Expenses, by States, 1880. by States, 1880. Z i i r i s o E _ t 3 c o m m ek o e F i s ^i r i !a t d ^ P 8 7 COINAGE OF THE UNITED STATES. (Based on the Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury.) G O LD C O IN A G E . DoubleEagles. Eagles. $ HalfEagles. 1801 1808 iso:! 1804 1805 27,950 69,340 83,230 79,740 174.830 259,650 S I L V E R C O IN A G E . QuarterEagles. 43,535 43,980 18,045 124,335 37,255 58,110 292,540 150,900 89,790 97,950 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 ThreeDollars. 130,030 265,880 167,630 152.375 165,915 isos 1809 1810 Dollars. $ 2,408 2,148 1,535 1,200 497,905 290.435 477,140 77,270 3.175 1806 1807 1816 1817 1818 1819 \820 419.788 525.788 684,300 702,905 638,138 M I N O R C O IN A G E . n, ' HalfDimes. $ 2,214 2,526 2,755 1,474 63 2,176 30,349 652,899 779,887 847.100 1,752,477 1,471,583 16,120 6,500 . 11,085 . I, 7.000 . 900 . 4,321 512 2,226 11.000 1,200 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 656,310 1,089,070 2 , 506.240 1,250,610 736,530 655, 4,275, 4,— 2,743, 54,563'89,770 1,327,133 89,345 276,278 2,180 10,755 4,180 3,578 316 497,905 290,435 477,140 77,270 3,175 608,340 814,030 620,952 561,688 17,308 2,496 10,755 4,180 3,578 28,210 39,484 31,670 26,710 44,076 31,670 26,710 1,345,065 1,425,325 189,325 88,980 825,762 805,807 3,890 20,723 51,000 12,620 14,611 93|200 156,385 1,752,477 1,564,583 12,620 14,926 121,500 12.500 77.000 51.000 61.500 62,000 92,245 131,565 140,145 295,718 643,105 2,002,090 2,869,200 1,575,600 1,994,578 2,495,400 16,344 23,577 25,636 16,580 17,115 62,135 48.250 68.500 74,00(1 138.000 714,270 798,435 978,550 3,954,270 2,186,175 3,175,600 2,579,000 2,759,000 3,415,002 3,443,003 33,604 23,620 28,160 19,151 39,489 3,923,474 3,401,055 3,765,710 7,388,423 5,668,667 119.000 104,200 239,493 229,472 253,358 95,000 113,800 112,750 106,458 113,954 21,110 55,583 63,702 31.287 24,627 4,135,700 1,148,305 1,809,595 1,355,885 1,675,303 3,606,100 2,096,010 2,333,243 2,176,296 1,726,703 23,100 55,583 63,702 31,287 24,627 7,764,900 3,299,898 4,206,540 3,563,468 3,426,633 363.000 390,750 152.000 7,250 198.500 98.250 58.250 68.250 32.500 78,200 15,974 23,834 24,283 23,988 38,948 1,091,598 1,834,170 8,108,798 5,428,230 3,756,448 1,132,750 2,332,750 3,834,750 2,235,550 1,873,200 15,974 2,240,321 23,834 4,190,754 24,283 11,967,831 23,988 7,687,768 38,948 5,668,596 1,350 63,700 63,400 72,450 82.250 41,208 61,837 64,158 41,785 44,268 4,034,178 20/221,385 3,775,513 9,007,762 31,981,739 2,558,580 2,379,450 2,040,050 2,114,950 1,866,100 41,208 6,663,966 61,837 22,662,672 64,158 6,879.720 41,984 11,104,696 44,468 33,892,306 62,614,493 66,846,188 39,377,909 25.915,919 28,977,968 774,397 999,410 9,077,571 8,619,270 3,501,245 99,635 50,631 67,060 42,638 16,031 63,488,525 57,896,228 48,522,540 34,577,827 32,495,244 36,697,769 15,811,563 30,253,726 17,296,077 16,445,476 5,135*240 1,477,000 8,040,730 6,187,400 2,769,920 27,107 63,510 234,000 307,000 342,000 41,860,115 17,352,073 38,528,456 23,790,477 19,557,396 101,660 116,000 478,450 427,350 541,800 60,693,237 45,532,387 20.695,852 21,649,345 25,107,218 2,605,700 101,660 2,812,402 116,000 1,174,093 478,450 463,800 548,214 636,308 1,183,330 63,400,597 48,460,788 22,348,395 22,661,359 26,926,856 187,080 113,750 98,565 78,810 58,365 .......... 28,313,945 28,217,188 18,114,425 21,828,638 22,257,313 680,265 646,570 29,640,780 986,871 1,879,540 31,083,599 1,136,750 1,713,385 20,964,560 840,747 1,279,055 23,948,439 1,767,254 611,445 24,636,011 62,075 9,320 107,330 137,935 123,185 21,302,475 1,955,905 20,376,495 3,029,834 35,249,338 2,945,796 50,442,690 5,983,601 33,553,965 10,070,368 283,760 123,020 494,050 411,925 230,375 23,542,140 23,529,349 38,689,183 56,838,216 43,854,708 120,090 36,915 30,566 95,639 389,650 38,178,963 44,078,199 52,798,980 40,986,912 62,309,279 260,350 62,165 30,694 97,798 391,396 57,565,815 72,690,299 81,120,500 68,312,593 90,109,382 2.257.000 1.870.000 1.880.000 1.781.000 1.341.500 127.500 280.500 36.500 85.000 150,700 3,130 24,500 45,150 113,900 244,150 3,658,820 2,201,145 4,384,149 1,657,012 1,300 301,375 62.000 1,100 68,265 110,565 46,110 2,430,354 4,146,555 33,140 4.111.000 3.466.000 26.000 2,284,725 861,350 142,650 196,550 1,327,301 624.000 207.500 63.500 1.903.500 2,129,500 94,000 114,000 583.000 4.430.000 3,019,750 288,500 4.005.500 1.428.000 600,530 1.627.400 330,450 696.000 489.000 226.000 229,000 299.000 197.000 327.000 195.000 96.500 11 770 600 705 1,990 199 199 738 43,740 26,905 63,335 234,000 307,000 342,0^0 202 176 1,751,665 673,610 772,775 406,710 361,145 181,530 1,213,118 1,788,996 593,532 38,496 320,465 230,361 66,177 515,633 259,065 34,572 213,010 93,215 61,206 128,980 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 59.316,420 36.247.500 20.387.720 21,465,640 24,879,600 552,050 972,990 126,580 85,800 93,750 452,590 3,287,160 117,010 51,500 86,075 15,521 18,216 338,440 17,355 3,208,123 1,799,259 1,950 117 62,475 6,750 16,470 23,185 10,065 7.225 30,503 559,900 959,650 1,750 1,785,425 31,400 983,630 23,170 483,985 32,900 553.100 771,550 730,938 113,965 22,493 27,650 167,300 158,405 34,071 14,037 17,160 139,350 117,628 8,223 4,519 4,880 1869 1870 27.494.900 27,925,400 17.705.800 21.270.500 22,018,480 376,100 51,150 155,500 209,850 89,130 300.750 154,475 153.750 228,925 94,625 12,090 7,875 14,700 7,575 10,605 58,550 579,525 57,000 897,450 54,800 946,750 231,350 561,675 588,308 1,009,375 9,713 18,175 37,475 23,138 23,048 21,065 13,670 73,315 23,905 98,185 10,733 435 24,290 528 48,223 10,708 222,472 419,040 497,256 889,560 14,396 152,752 175,443 37,980 41,400 16,440 7,950 18,257 2,804 11 $ 36,450 $105,930 535,600 618 680 $ 66,240 141 1,562,500 120 1,445,100 152 1,101,250 487,500 116 270,270 133,410 108,390 64,380 171,950 89,200 352,400 244,350 94,650 27,630 18,330 34,320 29,640 12,540 132,700 25,250 80 1,175 7,560 130 61 26 263,560 1,440 142 6,132,050 9,162,900 11,378,010 3,030 2,435 98,897 50,631 66,411 42,362 15,748 1,484,900 129,160 629,900 146.000 342,130 71,800 67,835 33,593 23,620 27,390 18,551 38,784 315 1,170 82,050 $185,022 63,025 659,905 785,251 342,000 20,130 365.000 4,170 117,500 30,277,560 14,056,300 28,038,880 16.236.720 15.458.800 9,972 55,096 174,362 458,516 623,950 $ 5,858 Total Gold. 2,110,679 3,024,342 1,741,381 2,306,876 3,155,620 77.135 52.250 48 500 63.500 141.000 1,000 $65,000,000 1,858)297 1,735,894 15,174 23,577 22,606 14,145 17,115 * 7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1,018,977 915,510 1856 1857 1858 1859 53.400 72,575 39.063 516,150 2,250 242,940 258,615 2£ 576 607,784 1,070,455 1,140,000 501,681 3,890 20,723 10,000 44,000 42,000 $75,000,000 1,108,741 1,115,220 1,102,272 042,536 20,483 2,651,955 3,689,635 2,305,095 1,513,195 $491,214 1,257,090 171,465 4.0 510,956 516,076 370,699 371,828 333,239 801,084 1,044,596 982,055 884,753 1,155,869 4,393,280 2,811,060 2,522,530 2,305,760 1,487,010 6.0 13,628 31,423 25,203 12,845 13,483 5,260 9,652 13,090 8,002 15,660 169,600 140,750 15.000 62,600 47.500 657,929 1,242,771 1,112,961 1,486,493 977,150 1,199,775 1,438,930 2.853.500 74,758 58,343 87,118 100,341 149,389 471,319 597,449 684,300 707,376 638,774 143.000 214,250 403,400 290,300 230.500 3,940 1,030 2,525 323,920 $3,588,900 5,697,500 20 453,542 192,129 125,524 545,698 645,907 571,335 324,505 437,495 284,665 169,375 501,435 355,500 1,484,882 3.056.000 1.885.500 1.341.500 7,130 5.225 10,550 5,925 9,335 11,373 $ 10,324 9,510 9,797 9,107 29,279 1,780 2,380 2,000 5,773 1,075 48,043 100 44.860.520 26.646.520 18,052.340 24,636,820 122,975 73.063 74,125 105,863 35,138 370,684 $ 79,078 12,591 330,291 423,515 224,296 3,480 7,272 11,090 2,229 14,585 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 75 125,460 3,867,338 3,283,828 3,519,615 1,806,398 600.700 71,485 S 102,728 103,423 205,610 213,285 317,760 72 490 5,277 4,072 118,651 54,213 16,020 4,450 * 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Total. 422,570 423,310 258,378 258,643 170,368 173,000 184,618 165,100 20.000 24.500 279,273 482,060 98,613 I I I , 148 $ 936,789 511,301 895,548 2,736,155 5,401,685 1,863,560 1,184,645 860,160 Minor. 94,259 90,294 36,000 31,861 118.000 63,100 208,000 122,787 153,332 1,000 Silver. Gold. 13,628 34,351 24,714 7,568 9,411 5,001 99.500 80,000 39.000 71.500 488.000 . 1,369,965;112.700 137,310 170,660 • 153,563 - a HalfCeuis. 42,150 2,936,830 2.398.500 2.603.000 3.206.002 2.676.003 10.400 . 293.425 . 328,505 . 158,625 243,700 237,525 809,780 203,655 T O T A L C O IN A G E . Cents. $ 10,660 $ 713 $ 577 9,747 535 8,975 9,797 61 9,046 28,222 1,058 6,518 25,500 300 . 2,765, 1,035, 1,600, 802, 1,048, 163,250 254 600 204.650 383.480 599,840 Two- "M7l 2,002,090 2,746,700 1,537,600 1,856,078 2.382.400 350 . II, 72.000 382.480 473,380 20,919,240 19.798.500 34.765.500 48.283.900 32,748,140 Three- 16,500 1,1 3,273,100 1,814,910 1.773.000 300 1,717,281 61,005 1,145,054 8,508 * II, 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 FiveCents. 3,464 1,098 3.304 827 12,078 51,531 55,161 ThreeCents. 17,308 702,' 787, 968, 3,660, 1,857, 1,018,750 1846 14,337,640 1847 1,813,340 1848 6,775,180 1849 1850 $26,225,220 3,489,510 15,145 14,945 15,858 78,260 105,861 23,575 607,784 980,161 1.104.000 375,561 90,345 124,565 140,145 287,210 631,755 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 Quarter- Twenty Dollars. Cents. 601,822 814,030 620,952 519,538 173,205 88,980 72.425 86,700 145,300 1827 1828 1829 1830 4,040 17,030 6,775 242,940 258,615 1,319,030 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 H alfDollars. 204,791 6 161,572 1— $ 72,920 7,776 327.536 423,515 220,920 54,454 41,650 66,064 19,570 321 6,530 1,058 8,318 4,453 320.465 420.465 277,890 169.375 601.435 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 TradeDoliars. 61,330 34,615 22,890 22,105 6,170 648 277 283 19,126,503 28,549,935 28,290,826 27,227,883 27,409,707 *6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $55,000,000 *5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $45,000,000 * 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $35,000,000 *3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Total Silver. $25,000,000 * 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 T h e U n i t e d S t a t e s M in t w a s o r g a n iz e d in 1793, a n d t h e fir s t r e p o r t in c lu d e d t h e c o in a g e o f t h e y e a r s 1793, 1794 a n d 1795. (Double-Eagles.) $15,000,000 $15,000,000 * 10,000,000 * 10,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $5,000,000 Total Coinage $5,000,000 , Total Sil Total Gold Total Minor otal Minor. Washington. Adams. J efferso n . Madison. Monroe. J. Q . Adams. Jackson. Van Buren. Harrison. Tyler. Taylor. Pierce. Buchanan. Fillmore. l a t e Total Coinage. Johnson. l T U T A 3 T I E C S _ _ N OE COMMERCE 1877,*99,746,850 P l a t e 8 8 Z X s ^ . s o E ^ s i o m m er c e F n r kn r i ! n rc D P l a t e 8 9 BANKING IN THE UNITED STATES. (B a se d on th e R e p o rts o f th e C o m p tro lle r o f th e C u r re n cy , e x c e p t as o th e rw ise n oted .) Loans $ 100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $950,000,000 $ 9 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $850,000,000 $ 8 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $750,000,000 $ 7 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $650,000,000 $ 6 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $550,000,000 $ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Capital $450,000,000 $ 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $350,000,000 Circulation $ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $250,000,000 $ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $150,000,000 Specie $ 100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $50,000,000 $50,000,000 Specie Capital Circulation C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S S O N S . IFXiN'^k.IN'OE! -A_EsTH C O M M E R C E ) CLEARING HOUSE TRANSACTIONS, BUSINESS FAILURES, &c. Bank Capital and Deposits, June, 1880. B anks . Class. Capital. Number. 29 Savings Banks, with capital......... State Banks, private bankers, etc. 3,798 2,076 629 Savings Banks, without capital... Total Banks.................................. 6,532 Deposits. sc a le : $40,000,000 80 130 too $ 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 — ■■■■■ $ 4,000,000 $ 34,600,000 190.100.000 501.500.000 455.900.000 900.800.000 783,000,000 650,000,000 2,219,900,000 $ 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 8 0 0 ;0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 1 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 , $ ,2 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $J,4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ $1,600,000 0 0 0 j4|’55|’56|,57|’58i,59(1860)’0l!’02l’(i3|,64i’65j’6c|’07|’08|’(i9(!is;())'7l|’72|,73|’74|’75l’70!,77l’78|’9(i880: $450,000,000 $450,000,000 $ 6 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $3.30 1854 to 1880. $350,000,000 R E L A T I V E V A L U E S OF Exchanges (Specie Payment Suspended In 1862, and Resumed in 1879.) $ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $32,500,000,000 E x p la n a to ry .— The color lines cross ing this chart show the annual variations in exchanges, balances, and capital, from the organization of the Clearing House to 1880. $250,000,000 $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $2.40 $ 2 0 0 , 000,000 $ 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $27,500,000,000 $37,500,000,000 $2.20 $150,000,000 $150,000,000 $ 2 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 2 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 2.00 $ 100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $100 ,00 0,000 • $50,000,000 =3053 E $22,500,000,000 Currency. Year $2.60 Lowest. Highest. Lowest. Highest. 1862 $ i 1863 1 1864 1 1865 1 1866 1 1867 1 1868 1 1869 1 1870 1 1871 1 1872 1 1873 1 1874 1 1875 1 1876 1 1877 1 1878 1 1879 1 1889 1 OH $1 34 m 5H 28* 25( 32* 32 19* 10 08* 08* 06* 09 in 07 02* 00 00 00 1 72* 2 85 2 34* 1 67* 1 46f 1 50 1 62* 1 23* 1 15* 1 15* 1 19* 1 14* 1 17* 1 15 1 07* 1 02* 1 00 1 00 $0 746 $0 989 579 819 351 660 427 779 596 799 683 757 667 757 615 837 811 909 922 867 865 921 839 942 874 918 850 894 869 935 927 975 972 1 000 000 1 000 1 000 1 000 $2.40 $ 2.20 1 $ 2,00 $33,500,000,000 $1.80 $1.60 $ 20 , 0 0 0 , 000,000 $ 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $17,500,000,000 $17,500,000,000 Year 1854 1855 1856 1857 1856 $1 5,000,000,000 1859 1860 1861 186*2 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 $12,500,000,000 $ $1.80 $1.60 ; Liabilities $50,000,000 $2,80 Table o f Lowest and Highest Prices of Gold and Currency, from New York Quotations. $33,500,000,000 $2,60 $850,000,000 $3.00 $ 3 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 3 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $2.80 $ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Liabilities $3.20 1862 to 1880. $37,500,000,000 $3.00 $350,000,000 $ 2 , 2 0 0 ,000,000 COLD AND CURRENCY, $37,500,000,000 $ 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 2 , 0 0 0 , 000,000 ,68l’69yl870)-7l|’72)’7 3 !’74 ’75j’76 ’77 T R A N SA C T IO N S O FT H E NEW YORK CLEARING HOUSE, $ 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $1,800,000,000 10, 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $7,500,000,000 No. of Banks a Capital. Exchanges. Balances Paid in Money. $47,044,900 $ 5,750,455,987 $ 297,411,494 48,884,180 5,362,912,098 289,694,137 334,714,489 52,883,700 6,906,213,328 365,313,902 64.420.200 8,333,226.718 314,238,911 67,146,018 4,756,664,386 363,984,683 67,921,714 6,448,005,956 69,907,435 7,231,143,057 380,693.438 353,383,944 68,900,605 5,915,742,758 6,871,443.591 415,530,331 68,375,820 677,626,483 68,972,508 14.867,597,849 885,719,205 68,586,763 24,097,196,656 80,363,013 26,032,384.342 1.035.765.108 82.370.200 28,717,146,914 1,066,135.106 81.770.200 28,675,159,472 1,144,963,451 82.270.200 28,484,288,637 1,125,455,237 82.720.200 37,407,028,987 1,120,318,308 83.620.200 27,804,539,406 1,036,484,822 84.420.200 29,300,986,682 1,209,721,029 84.420.200 32,636,997,404 1,213,293,827 as,370,200 33,972,773,943 1.152.372.108 971,231,281 81.635.200 20,850,681,963 80.435.200 23,042,276, a58 1,104,346,845 81.731.200 19.874,815,361 1,009,532,037 71.085.200 20,876,555,937 1,015,256,483 951,970,454 63,611,500 19,922,733,947 60.800.200 24,553,196,689 1,321,119,298 60,475,200 37,182,128,621 1,516,538,631 $1.40 Highest Price $15,000 ,0 00,00 0 $ 1.20 $ 1.20 $12,500,000,000 Lowest Price $1.00 (Par; Highest Price $ $I.OO(Par) 10, 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 80c. 80c. Lowest Price $7,500,000,000 a. The capital is for various dates, the amount at a uniform date in each year not being obtainable. 60c. Exchanges CiviRW ar.pE $ 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 40o. $2,500,000,000 $3,500,000,000 ’54 ’55 '50 ’57 58 ’5i 1860/01 62 ’63 ’64 ‘65 ’66 ’67 ’08 ^ rri ’72 lsro ’73 '4 ’75 ’70 ’77 ’78 TKJ88#; Capital l a t e Balances Capital 20o. P Balances 9 0 C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S S O N S . I I N ^ N CE F U T U T Ij ^JSTJD c o m m e r c e P late EXPORTS. 91 UNITED STATES (Based on the Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury.) T A B L E OF EXPORTS. Fiscal Year. 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1821) 1S30 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 I860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 18V0 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 M erchandise. Coin and Bullion. __ __ $54 496,323 § 10,478,059 61 350,101 10,810,180 68 326,043 6,372,987 68 972,105 7,014,552 90 738,333 8,797,005 72 890,759 4,704,563 74 309,947 8,014,880 64 021,210 8,243,476 67 434,651 4,924,020 2,178,773 71 670,735 72 295,652 9,014,931 81 520,603 5,656,340 87 528,732 2.611,701 102 260,215 2,076,758 115 215,802 6,477,775 124 338,704 4,324,336 111 443,127 5,976,249 104 978,570 3,508,046 112 251,673 8,776,748 123 668,932 8,417.014 111 817,471 10,034,332 99 877,995 4,813,539 82 825,689 1,520,791 105 745,832 5,454,214 106 040,111 8,606,495 109 583,248 3,905,268 156 741,598 1,907,024 138 190,515 15,841,616 140 351,172 5,404,648 144 375,726 7,522,994 188 915,259 29,472,752 166 984.231 42,674,135 203 489,282 27,486,875 236 959,560 41,281,504 218 909,503 56,247,343 281 219,423 45,745,485 293 823,760 69,136,922 272 011,274 52,633,147 292 902,051 63,887,411 333 576,057 66.546,239 219 553,833 29,791,080 190 670,501 36.887,640 203 964,447 64.156,611 158 837,988 105,396,541 166 029,303 67.643.226 348 859,522 86,044,071 294 506,141 60,868,372 281 952.899 93,784,102 286 117,697 57,138,‘480 392 771,768 58,155,666 442 820,178 98,441,988 444 177,586 79.877,534 522 479,922 84,608,574 586 283,040 66,630,405 513 442,711 92,132,142 540 384,671 56,506,302 602 475,220 56,162,237 694 865,766 33,740,125 710 439,441 24,997,441 835 638,658 17,142,919 Total. $ 9 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Total Foreign. Total Domestic. 539 156 § 19,666,000 §20,205,156 § 19,012,041 512’041 18,500,000 20,753,091' 19,000 000 26,109,572 24,000,000 6 526 233 26,500 000 33^026^233 8,489,472 39,500,000 47,989,472 67,064,097 26 300,000 40,764,097 56^850^206 61*527,097 78,665,522 70,971,780 39,130,877 31,840,903 94’ 115/925 72,483,160 55,800,033 42,205,961 77,699,074 41,467,477 95,'566,021 53,179 019 42,387,002 101,536,963 60,283 236 41.253,727 108,343,150 22,430,960 31 405 702 52,203,233 66^757^970 24,391,295 42,366,675 61,316 833 8 495,127 30,032,109 38,527,236 2 847,845 25,008,152 27,855,997 6’927,441 6,782,272 145,169 52,557,753 6,583,350 4 5 ,9 7 4 ,4 0 3 81^920^452 68 313 500 88,171,569 73 854,437 93,281,133 70,142,521 19,165.683 50,976,838 69,691,669 18,008,02£ 51,683,640 64,974,382 21,302^488 43,671.894 72,160,281 22,286,202 49,874,079 74,699,036 27,543,622 47,155,408 75,986,657 25,337,157 50.649,500 99,535,388 32,590,643 66,944,745 77,595,322 24,539,612 53,055,710 82,324,887 23,403,136 58,921,691 72,264,686 21,595,017 50,669.669 72,358,371 16,658,478 55,700.193 73,849,508 14,387,479 59,462,029 81,310,583 20,033,526 61.277,057 87,176,943 24,039,473 63,137,470 90,140,433 19,822,735 70,317.698 104,336,973 23,312,811 81,024,162 121,693,577 20,504,495 101,189,082 128,663,040 21,746,360 106,916,680 117,419,376 21,854,962 95,564,414 108,486,616 12,452,795 96,033,821 121,028,416 17,494,525 103,533,891 132,085,946 18,190,312 113,895,634 121,851,803 15,469,081 106,382,722 104,691,534 11,721,538 92,969,996 84,346,486 6,552,697 77,793,783 111,200,046 11,484,867 99,715,179 114,646,606 15,346,830 99,299,776 113,488,516 11,346,623 102,141,893 158,648,622 8.011,158 150,637,464 154,032,131 21,128,010 132,904,121 145,755,820 13,088,865 132,666,955 151,898,720 14,951,808 136,946,912 218,388,011 21,698,293 196,689,718 209,658,366 17,289,382 192,368,984 230,976,157 17,658,460 213,417,697 278,241,064 24,850,194 253,390,870 275,156,846 28,448,293 246,708,553 326.9G4.908 16,378,578 310,586,330 362,960,682 23.975,617 338,985,065 324,644,421 30.886,142 293,758,279 356,789,462 20,895,077 335,894,385 400,122,296 26,933,022 373,189,274 249,344,913 20,645,427 228,699,486 227,558,141 16,869,466 210,688,675 268,121,058 26,123,584 241,997,474 264,234,529 20.256,940 243,977,589 233,672.529 32,114,157 201,558,372 434,903,593 14,742,117 420,161,476 355,374,513 20,611,508 334,763,005 375,737,001 22,601,126 353,135,875 343,256,077 25,173,414 318,082,663 450,927,434 30,427,159 420,500,275 541.262,166 28,459,899 512,802,267 524,055,120 22,769,749 501,285,371 607,088,496 28,149,511 578,938,985 652,913,445 23,780,338 629,133,107 605,574,853 22,433,624 583,141,229 596,890,973 21,270,035 575,620,938 658,637,457 25,832,495 632,804,962 728,605.891 20.834.738 707,771,153 735,436,882 19,541,057 715,895,825 852,781,577 19,487.331 833,294,246 Total Export. §850,000,000 Merchandise. Domestic Export. $ 8 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 §750,000,000 $ 7 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 §650,000,000 $ 6 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 §550,000,000 $ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 §450,000,000 $ 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $350,000,000 $ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 §250,000,000 $ $150,000,000 $ §150,000,000 100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $50,000,000 Total Export Domestic Export Foreign Export 2 0 0 , 000,000 $ £ §50,000,000 _•- - £ . ~ Foreign Export, Specie. :S > 89(1790),91 ’92 ’93 ’ 94 ’95 ’96 ’971*98 ’99(1S00) ’1 ’2 ’3 ’4 ’5 ’ G 7 Washington. 100 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Adams. Jefferson. ’8 ’9 (ISlO)’ l l ’ 12 ’ 13 ’ 14 ’ 15 ’ 1G ’ 17l’ 18j’ 19(lS20)’21 ’22 ’23 ’24 *25 ’20 ’27 ’28 Madison. Monroe. J. Q. Adams. Jackson. Buren. Harrison. Polk. Taylor. Fillmore. C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S. Pierce. Buchanan. -FinNT^ziNroim gouveimiieirgie ANALYSIS OF EXPORTS AND IMPORTS, 1880. (Based on the Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury.) Imports and Domestic Exports of Merchandise, by Continents, 1880, Imports. I Exports. Continent. 1m i ' Enron* _______________________ *370.821.7821*713.867.817 130,077,225 64,116,238 N ortfi A m erica ...................................... Asia and O cean ica............................... A ll m inor parts o f the w o r ld ............. 74,536,0491 3,363,120 7,029,6481 18,283,705 4,366,823 626,167 Imports and Domestic Exports o f Merchandise, by Countries, 1880. Imports. Exports. Country. T otal — Great Britain and her poss. Great Britain and Ireland............... E ngland................................................ Irela n d ................... , ............................ S cotla n d ............................................... C anada................................................. British W est Indies...................... . British possessions in Australasia. H ong K on g.......................................... G ibraltar............................- ................ British possessions in A frica .......... British East Indies............................ British G uinea.................................... N ew foundland and L abrador....... All other British possessions......... T otal — France ana her possessions F rance.................................................. All other French possessions......... G erm any.................................................. B elgium .................................................... T otal — Spain and her possessions. Spain.......................... ............... . C uba...................................................... All other Spanish possessions....... T otal — Holland ana her possessions N etherlands........................................ Dutch East Indies............................. Dutch Guinea and D. W est Indies. R ussia....................................................... Ita ly ...................................................— B razil........................................................ M ex ico...................................................... United States o f C olom b ia ................. Portugal and her possessions............ Denm ark and her possessions........... H ayti......................................................... Japan ....................................................... Sw eden and N orw a y........................... A ustria..................................................... V enezuela................................................ Hawaiian Islands................................... T u rk ey..................................................... Argentine R ep u b lic.............................. Central Am erican States.................... China........................................................ Chili........................................................... San D om ingo.......................................... P eru .......................................................... U ruguay.................................................. A ll other cou ntries............................... T otal re-export o f foreign products. 280,195,295 210,613,094 189,200,307' 4,301,055 17,040,332 32,988,564 5,482,002 2,920,812 2,251,089 22,818 2,053,904 21,022,854 1,909,994 225,776 703,788 72,042,959 09,344.412 3,298,555 52,211,237 11,791.465 82,089,477 5,052,419 65,423,018 12,214,040 14,802,146 6,944,087 0,280,072 1,637,387 705,249 10,317,686 51,970,090 7,209,593 8,441,972 841,202 733,167 4,339,186 14,510,834 688,963 1,555,007 6,039,092 4,606,444 1,201,316 6,214,575 3,313,469 21,769,618 1,254,736 660,493 361,308 5,542,035 1,226,124 502,67G,829 450,994,244 354,091,535 08,661,336 28,241,373 26,757,478 6.849.878 4,687,223 2.873,132 2,322,703 2,322,178 2,218,190 1,723,166 1,305,202 623,435 101,725,075 98,889,209 2,835,866 56,292,106 33,715,843 27,715,718 14 641,237 10,924,633 2,149,848 20,579,074 16,887,230 2.600.878 1,090,966 13,226,614 12,348.239 8,496,696 6,065,974 5,228,836 4,G18,778 4,160,304 3,591,150 2,525,758 2,365,678 2,304,601 2,268,705 1,985,506 1,913,122 1,779,501 1,729,215 1,101,315 967,551 939,501 907,603 880,371 1,836,686 11,692,305 Principal Domestic Exports, 1880, Article. Value. $ 4 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $500 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 3 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 I $ 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $1 50,0 00,0 00 $ 100 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $90,000,000 1000,000 , Gold and Silver Exchanges, 1880. $70,000,000 Exports. $60,000,000 Imports. Country. — $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $30,000,000 $ 20,000,000 C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S. $40,000,000 $30,000,000 $ 20,000,000 $ 10,000,000 92 England. . .. $4,7 46 ,00 7 $36,995,634 F ra n ce.......... 92,080 33,407,571 M ex ico.......... 3,371 9,115,824 C uba.............. 101,470 3,726,757 Germ any____ 399.680 3,143.650 C anada.......... 981,972, 2,769,534 1H ayti............. 789,088 922.756 2 H ong K o n g .. 5.010.223 1 iAll o th e r___ 3,156,804 3,126,243 [ 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 $40,000,000 P late T otal bread an d breadstuffs..................................... $288,036,885 W heat................................................... . . . ................. 190,546,305 Indian corn ................................................................ 53,298,247 W heat flour................................................................ 35,333,197 A ll other ,,i „ i breadstuffs............................................... 8,859,086 rp 221,517,323 Cotton, r a w ....................................... 211,535,905 C otton, m an ufactured............................................ 9,981,418 Provisions. T ota l........................................................ 127,043,242 B acon and ham s.............................. *_........ 50,987,623 L ard................................. ............................................ 27,920,367 Cheese............................................................... 12,171,720 Preserved m eats............................................... 7,877,200 Beef, fresh............................ 7 441,918 B utter............................................................ ' 6,690,687 P ork ................................................................ 5,930,252 A ll other provisions................................... 8,023,475 Oils. T ota l........... ........................................................ 41,370,944 O W OR K '. O W Illum inating.— __ _______________ ________. . . . _ 31.783.575 A ll other o ils .................................. ......... ............ 9,587,369 T o b a cco and m anufactures o f ................................. 18,442,273 W o od and m anufactures o f ................. 16,237,376 Animals, living. T ota l............................... 15,882,120 Horned ca ttle ............................................ 13,344,195 A ll other living anim als................._..................... • 2,537,925 Iron, steel, and m anufactures o f ............................. 12.605.576 T a llo w .................................................................. 7,689,232 Leather and m anufactures o f . .................. 6,760,186 Oil ca k e ........................... ................................. 6,259,827 Furs and fur skins...................................... 5,404,418 A ll other products, (no single product over 55,284,231 $3,000,000)........................... ......................................... Z U T -U rC ^LJSTJD C O M M E R C E F D -A N IE i P late 93 UNITED STATES IMPORTS. (Based on tlie Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury.) '70 71 ’72 73 ’74 ’75 76 ’ 77 ’78 ’9 ( 880) $ 8 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 T A B L E O F IM P O R T S . Fiscal Year. Coin and Bullion. 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 10 80 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 $ 54,520,835 $ 1822 79,871,695 1823 72,481,371 1824 72,170,037 1825 90,189,310 1836 78,093,511 1827 71,332,938 1828 81,020,083 1829 67,088,915 1830 62,720,956 1831 95,885,179 1832 95,121,762 1833 101,047,943 1834 108,609,700 1835 136,764,295 1836 176,579,154 1837 130,472,803 1838 95,970,288 1839 156,496,956 1840 98,258,706 1841 122,957,544 1842 96,075,071 1843 42,433,464 1844 102,604,606 1845 113,184,322 1846 117,914,065 1847 122,424,349 1848 148,638,644 1849 141,206,199 1850 173,509,526 1851 210,771,429 1852 207,440,396 1853 263,777,265 1854 297,623,03S 1855 257,808,706 1856 310,432,316 1857 348,428,342 1858 263,338,654 1859 331,333,341 1860 353,616,11£ 1861 289,310,542 1862 189,356,677 1863 243,335,815 1864 316,447,28c 1865 238,745,580 1866 434,812,066 1867 395,761,096 1868 357,436,440 1869 417,506,379 1870 435,958,406 1871 520,223,684 1872 626,595,077 1873 642,136,210 1874 567,406,342 1875 533,005,436 1876 460,741,190 1877 451,323,126 1878 437,051,532 1879 445,777,775 1880 667,954,746 8,064,890 3,369,846 5,097,896 8,378,970 6,150,765 6,880,966 8,151,130 7,489,741 7,403,612 8,155,964 7,305,945 5,907,5044 7,070,368 17,911,632 13,131,447 13,400,881 10,516,414 17,747,116 5,595,176 8,882,813 4,988,633 4,087,016 22,320,335 5,830,429 4,070,242 3,777,732 24,121,289 6,360,284 6,651,240 4,628,792 5,453,503 5,505,044 4,201,382 6,939,342 3,659,812 4,207,632 12,461,799 19,274,496 7,434,789 8,550,135 46,339,611 16,415,052 9,584,105 13,115,612 9,810,072 10,700,092 22,070,475 14,188,368 19,807,876 26,419,179 21,270,024 13,743,688 21,480,937 28,454,906 20,900,717 15,936,681 40,774,414 29,821,314 20,296,000 93,034,310 Total. i 23,000,000 29.200.000 31.500.000 31.100.000 34.600.000 69,756,268 81,436,164 75,379,406 68,551,700 79,069,148 91,252,768 111,363,511 76,333,333 64,666,666 85,000,000 120,600,000 129.410.000 138.500.000 56.990.000 59.400.000 85.400.000 53.400.000 77.030.000 22.005.000 12.965.000 113,041,274 147.103.000 99.250.000 121.750.000 87.125.000 74.450.000 62,585,724 83,241,541 77,579,267 80,549,007 96,340,075 84,974,477 79,484,068 88,509,824 74,492,527 70.876.920 103,191,124 101,029,266 108,118,311 126,521,332 149,895,742 189.980.035 140,989,217 113,717,404 162,092,132 107.141.519 127,946,177 100,162,087 64,753,799 108.435.035 117,254,564 121,691,797 146.545,638 154,998,928 147,857,439 178,138,318 216,224,932 212,945,442 267,978,647 304,562,381 261.468.520 314,639,942 360,890,141 282,613,150 338,768,130 362.166.254 335.650.153 205,771,729 252.919.920 329,562,895 248,555,652 445,512,158 417,831,571 371,624,808 437.314.255 462,377,587 541,493,708 640,338,766 663,617,147 595,861,248 553.906.153 476,677,871 492,097,540 466,872,846 466,073,775 760,989,056 Principal Imports for Consumption, Total. 1880 . A rticles. $750,000,000 V alue. Clothing, e tc., T o ta l................................................................................ . $ 2(8,754,675 I W ool, and m anufactures o f ................................................................ 49,748,212 1 Silk, (cocoon s, raw , w aste, & c., fre e ).............................................. 45,301,794 i H ides and skins, oth er than fu r skins..................................... ......... 30,177.351 ! C otton, (unm anufactured, fre e )..................................................... 26,317,214 I Flax, and m anufactures o f .................... ........................................... . 22,228,438 I Leather, and m anufactures o f ........... ............................................ . 11,769,481 I India ru bber (crude and milk o f, fre e )............................................ 9,820,927 Diam onds (cut), cam eos, m osaics, &e.................................... 6,705,692 I Furs, (skins o f all kinds, n o t dressed, fre e ).............................. 6,425,482 I Buttons and b u tton m aterials..... ............................ 3,853,595 1 Em broideries............................................................................................ 3,115,914 I Braids, plaits, & o., (straw trim m ing)................................................ 2,045,613 ( Hats, bonnets, and h o o d s .................................................................... 1,244,955 ! Provisions, & c. T o ta l............................................................................. 206,907,211 ( Sugar a (from H aw aiian Islands, fre e )............................ 81,195,109 I C offee................................................................................... 60,275,906 ' T ea ..................................................................................................... 19.781,220 ! Fruits and n u ts...................................................................................... 13,439,337 I Breadstuffs, b (rice from H awaiian Islands, fre e )........................ 7,709,629 ! Spirits and w ines.................................................................................... 7,578,281 I T o b a cco , and m anufactures o f ................................................ 6,179,238 ( Fish, (from Canada, N ew foundland, & c., fre e )..................... 3,187,359 ! Spices......................................................................................................... 2,099,430 I S alt............................................................................................................. 1,750.174 I C ocoa, o r ca ca o, (crude, leaves, and shells, fre e )........................ 1,338,209 ( Other provisions......................................................................... 2,373,312 1 Metals. T o ta l............................................................................................. 71,904,009 I Iron and steel......................................................................................... 45,466,986 Iron, and m anufactures o f .................................................................. 34,318,531 i Tin, (in pigs, bars, o r b lock s, fre e )................................................... 22,733,103 Steel, and m anufactures o f ......................................... 11,148,454 ■ Copper, zinc, brass, lead, gold , silver, and m anufactures o f . .. 3,444,949 ! Platinum, unm anufactured, and vases and retorts o f ............... 258,971 I Chemicals, drugs, dyes, and m edicines.............................................. 37,219,520 . Hemp, jute, and m anufactures o f ......................................................... 9,920,009 ' W ood , (unm anufactured, fre e )......................................... 9,144.690 : Paper and materials, (materials, f r e e ) ................................ 8,591,944 ! Products o f the United States, exported and brought b a c k ........ 5,539,819 ! Earthenware and china........................................................................... 5,500,994 . F ancy articles............................................................................................. 5,205,363 . Glass, and m anufactures o f .................................................................... 5,133,285 . Animals, livin g........................................................................................... 4,664,523 1 S eeds............................................................................................................. 3,241,328 : All others, (no single class o v e r $2,000,000)............ 35,827,893 ! $ 7 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Merchandise. $650,000,000 $ 220 ,000,000 $ 210 , 000,000 *> 2 0 0 ,000,000 $190,000,000 $180,000,000 $ 6 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $170,000,000 $160,000,000 $550,000,000 * 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $140,000,000 $130,000,000 $ $ 120,000,000 110,000,000 * 100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $90,000,000 $80,000,000 $70,000,000 $60,000,000 $450,000,000 $50 000,000 $40,000,000 $80,000,000 ) 0,00 ,00 0 a Including m olasses and con fection ery. 5 Inclu din g other farinaceous food s. $ 10 ,000,000 $ 4 -00,0 00,0 00 E X P L A N A T O R Y .—The irregular c o lo r lines, crossing this chart from le ft to right, show the variations in the an nual im ports o f the U nited States fro m 1790 t o 1880, inclusive. $350,000,000 $ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 :iv w if ; H E il’s $250,000,000 $ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $150,000,000 $150,000,000 $ 100 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Specie. - Me $50,000,000 $50,000,000 -3r- Total Imports s 9 (1790)’91 ’92 ’ 93 ’ 94 95 '96 ’97 '98 ’99(1800) T Washington. Adams. ’2 '3 ’4 Jefferson. • * 1 ’ 17 1 19 (1820)’211’22 6 8 ’9 (lSlO)’ ll Madison. Monroe. ’2 ’2.-> 4 '26 'Z t J.Q. Adams. '29(1830)31 ’32 ’33 '3 ’35 ’36 ' 4 Jackson. 39(1810)’41 '4 ’43 ’44 2 Van Buren. Harrison. Polk. Tyler, C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO NS. tt 1 M ’47 ’48 ’49 (1850)’51 ’52 ’53 Taylor. Fillmore. '55 ’5 ’57 '58 59(1860)’611’62 6 Pierce. Buchanan. ’66 ’67 ’esresgsT om ’72 ’73 74 75 76 ’77 78 ’9(1880) Lincoln. Johnson. Grant. Hayes. IFIH ST^ZDsTOIEl AISTD C O M M E R C E BALANCE OF TRADE. TARIFF. (Based on Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury.) $250,000,000 $250,000,000 $ $ 200 ,000,000 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Merchandise. $150,000,000 $150,000,000 $ 100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Specie. $50,000,000 $50,000,000 $50,000,000 $50,000,000 $ 100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $150,000,000 $150,000,000 P late 94 CO P.YRIGHT, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S. I F T l s T J ^ l S r C t t A1TD COMMERCE P late 95 CARRYING TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES. (Based on tlie Reports of Commerce and Navigation.) \ o 9 p * CD W g N CD £ o a p --- o o o o o o o • P late 95 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CH A R LES SC R IB N E R 'S SONS. X — A griculture . IN D E X TO P L A T E S . IMPROVED FARMLAND......................................Plate 96 BUCKWHEAT. HAY.........................................Plate 104 P r o d u c t P e r S q u a re M ile o f T o ta l A rea . T o ta l P ro d u ct, b y States. R e tro s p e c t, 1 8 8 0 —1 8 8 0 . R a tio to T o ta l A re a , b y C o u n tie s; b y States. Im p r o v e d a n d T o ta l A re a s, C om p a red . R e tro s p e c t, 1 8 8 0 —1 8 8 0 . CORN, PRODUCT...............................................Plate 97 IRISH POTATOES. SWEET POTATOES... Plate 105 P r o d u c t P e r S q u a re M ile o f T o ta l A re a . T o ta l P ro d u c t, b y States. R e tro s p e c t, 1 8 8 0 —18 8 0 . P e r S q u a re M ile, b y C o u n tie s; b y States. T ota l, b y States. R e tro s p e c t, 18 8 0 —1 8 8 0 . CORN, Y IE LD ......................................................Plate 98 ORCHARD PRODUCTS...................................Plate 106 P r o d u c t P e r S q u a re M ile o f T o ta l A re a . T o ta l P ro d u c t, b y States. P e r A c r e , b y C ou n ties; b y States. P rice s, 1 8 2 8 —1 8 8 0 . A n n u a l E x p o r t, 1 8 6 0 —1 8 8 0 . WHEAT, PRODUCT.............................................Plate 99 P e r S q u a re M ile, b y C o u n tie s; b y States. T ota l, b y States. R e tro s p e c t, 1 8 8 0 —1 8 8 0 . RICE..............................................................r .. Plate 106 P r o d u c t P e r S q u a re M ile o f T o ta l A rea . T o ta l P r o d u c t, b y States. P rice s, 1 8 2 8 —1 8 8 0 . HOPS.................................................................... Plate 107 P r o d u c t P e r S q u a re M ile o f T o ta l A re a . T o ta l P r o d u c t, b y States. P rice s, 1 8 2 8 —1 8 8 0 . WHEAT, YIELD.........................................................Plate100 P e r A c r e , b y C o u n tie s; b y States. SUGAR. MOLASSES......................................... Plate 108 P rices, 1 8 2 8 —1 8 8 0 . A n n u a l E x p o r t, 1 8 6 0 —1 8 8 0 . P r o d u c t P e r S q u a re M ile o f T o ta l A rea. T o ta l P r o d u c t, b y States. P rice s, 1 8 2 8 —1 8 8 0 . A n n u a l E x p o r t, 1 8 6 0 —1 8 8 0 . A n n u a l Im p o rt, 1 8 4 4 —1 8 8 0 . OATS, PRODUCT..................................................... Plate101 P e r S q u a re M ile, b y C o u n tie s; b y States. COTTON...............................................................Plate 109 T ota l, b y States. R e tro s p e c t, 1 8 8 0 —1 8 8 0 . P r o d u c t P e r S q u a re M ile, b y C ounties. A n n u a l Im p o rt a n d E x p o r t, 1 8 2 1 —1 8 8 0 . R e tro s p e c t, 1 8 8 0 —1 8 8 0 . OATS, Y IELD ............................................................ Plate102 P e r A c re , b y C o u n tie s; b y States. TOBACCO............................................................Plate 110 P rice s, 1 8 2 8 —1 8 8 0 . P r o d u c t P e r S q u a re M ile, b y C ounties. BARLEY. RYE..........................................................Plate103 T o ta l P r o d u c t, b y States. P r o d u c t P e r S q u a re M ile o f T o ta l A rea . T ota l P r o d u c t, b y States. R e tro s p e c t, 1 8 8 0 —1 8 8 0 . A n n u a l E x p o r t, 1 8 2 1 —1 8 8 0 . P rice s, 1 8 2 6 —18 8 0 . R e tro s p e c t, 1 8 8 0 —1 8 8 0 . In G eneral. — Agriculture is far the most F arm s. — The important United States, prised 837,628 square miles, or 28.2 per cent, employing, as it does, fully one-fourth of the of the total area of the United States, exclusive wealth of the country, and contributing about of Alaska. that proportion of the total industrial product. The industry of the area in farms in 1880, com improved The ratios of increase deducible from the above, are as follows: Percentage miles, or 15 per cent, of the total area. The implements in 1880 was $10,603,616,831, while following table shows the acreage of farms and Improved land............................ that invested in manufactures, the next largest improved land, together with the number and industry, was $2,790,272,606. average size of farms, at the date of each census O Total land in farms..................... tude of its agricultural product, the United States holds the first place among Number of farms......................... 5i 5i l6 30 38 44 4i Between 1870 and 1880, the area of land in farms increased in a slightly greater ratio than mentioned: the I n crease. 1870-1880. 1860-1870. 1850-1860. land was 444,955 square The capital invested in farms and farming In the magni of population, the increase of the latter being 30.1 1880. 1870. i860. 1850. Total acres in farm .. 536,081,835 407,212,538 293,560,614 30 per cent, of the grain of the world, which 407. 735.041 Acres improved........ 284,771,042 188,921,099 163,110,720 113,032,614 westward movement of the population into the is considerably more than the product of any Number of farms. . . . 4,008,907 2 , 659. 985 2,044,077 1, 449,073 Cordilleran region, a thin film, as it were, of 153 199 203 nations. According to Mulhall, it produces other country. per cent. Average size of farms 134 There was during this period a great population spreading itself over a vast area SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS. Ixxxii O f the total area in farms (536,081,835 In the same time, the The last two columns of the table show area of improved land increased one-half, an approximately the relative effect of the exten acres), 53.1 per cent., or 284,771,042 acres, was increase largely in excess of that of the total sion of farm area and of the subdivision of returned as “ improved” and 46.9 per cent, as acreage in farms, and due to the bringing farms in increasing their number, and conse unimproved. The “improved” area was divided under cultivation of a large proportion of the quently decreasing their average size: into two classes: tilled land, including fallow unimproved farm lands, held in 1870. The increase of 51 per cent, in the number of farms was greater than during any previous decade, STATES AND TERRITORIES. the average size of farms, shown in the preced ing table. The decade from i860 to 1870 shows the effect of the Civil W ar in the non-increase of the area in farms, attended by an increase of 30 per cent, in their number, and a corresponding decrease in their average size. The increase of improved land did not keep pace with that of population, that in the number of farms was notably less than in either the preceding or the following decade, and the diminution of 46 acres in the average size of farms was much greater than in any other similar period. The social and commercial conditions de veloped by the war tended to a division of the homesteads and plantations in the older states. This tendency was by no means overcome in the decade from 1870 to 1880, as is shown by the further diminution of 19 acres (23 per cent.), in the average size of farms, notwith standing the increase of 31 per cent, in the total farm area, made up largely of newly settled Western and Southern lands, generally held in large tracts. N u m b er o f F a r m s —A n examination in detail of the increase in the number of farms develops many interesting features. The The United States... 1870. 4,008,907 2,659,985 5°-7 3*-5 64,309 32,181 59,804 29,642 7-5 12.2 35,522 33,827 38,406 6,216 26,500 3 °, 59 8 North Atlantic Group. Maine....................... New Hampshire....... Vermont................... Massachusetts........... Rhode Island........... Connecticut............. New York................. New Jersey............... Pennsylvania........... 213,542 25,508 216,253 30,652 174,041 The Group......... 696^39 8,749 South Atlantic Group. Delaware................... Maryland................. District of Columbia. Virginia.................... West Virginia........... North Carolina......... South Carolina......... Georgia..................... Florida..................... The Group......... Northern Central Group. O hio......................... Indiana..................... Illinois...................... Michigan................... Wisconsin................ Minnesota................ Iow a......................... Missouri................... Dakota..................... Nebraska................... Kansas...................... The Group......... Southern Central Group. Kentucky................. Tennessee................. Alabama................... Mississippi................ Louisiana................. Texas........................ Arkansas................... 241,058 34 ,3 °7 4 o,Si 7 435 118,5x7 62,674 157,609 93,864 138,626 23,438 644,429 247,189 194,013 255 , 7 4 i 154,008 134,322 92,386 I 85 .3 5 1 215,575 17,435 63,387 138,561 1,697,968 precisely equal to the average, the increase in both the Southern sections, and in the Western 2-5 3-8 8.4 7,615 27,000 209 14.9 50.1 108.1 60.5 3-6 73,849 39,778 57-6 *3-5 55-4 9-3 A v e ra g e Size o f F arm s.—The average age number of acres of improved land was 71, and of unimproved land, 63. O f the improved land, the average number of acres of tilled land was 56; of permanent meadows and pastures, ber of acres of woodland and forest, per farm, 72.3 38-9 12.4 26.1 20.3 26.1 13.0 I2.7 22.4 55-9 37-8 3 °-5 3 i-i 98.7 106.7 and 1880, respectively, with the percentage 59-4 59-3 45-3 which each formed of the total number of 9 *3-7 28.4 1,156.9 4 I 5-3 379-6 262.7 278.6 50-9 48.7 69,956 195,953 161,289 202,803 98,786 102,904 46,500 116,292 148,328 1,720 12,301 38,202 1,125,078 73-5 orchards and vineyards, 15. The average num was 47.5, and of other unimproved land, 15.5. ! 5 -2 5-5 26.0 20.8 97-3 58.8 The following table classifies the farms of the country, according to size, and gives the number of each class in the years i860, 1870 farms: A C R E S IN FARM S. 1880. N um ber. Under 3.................... 4,352 134,889 3 and under 1 0 ... . 10 and under 2 0 .... 254.749 20 and under 50. . . 78 i ,474 50 and under io o ... 1,032,910 100 and under 500.. 1,695.983 500 and under 1,000. 75,972 1,000 and over........ 28,578 1870. P er C ent. N 0.1 um ber. 19-5 25-7 P er C ent. 6,875 172,021 294,607 847,614 754,221 42.3 1.9 0.7 i860. 565,054 15,873 3-4 6.4 3,720 0.3 6.5 N um ber. 54,676 162,178 616,558 608,878 487,041 20,319 II. I 31.9 28.4 21.2 0 5 0 .1 5.364 Per Cent. 2.8 8.3 3 i -5 3i . 1 24.9 1.0 0.3 34-4 In 1880, farms of between 100 and 500 1,5*9 190.7 78-5 161.1 2,766.5 263.8 159-3 12.8 24-3 851 457 *75 i ,738 4,506 4,480 172 4,908 1,036 414 3,127 5,053 767 9,452 1,404 1,885 6,529 16,217 345-9 521-7 92.6 both 1870 and i860, this prominence belonged to those of between 20 and 50 acres. 35-5 355-3 7,587 23,724 48,212 324-9 108.8 i i 3-7 5 i -5 II7.I 76.4 made in 1880, for the first time, into the tenure 45-2 of farms, whether cultivated by their owners, 73-7 61.5 T en u re o f F a rm s.— A n for roads, railways due to two causes, the extension of the farm and cities. The neighboring states of Indiana area and the sub-dividing of the great farms and Illinois stand next in rank. and plantations existing prior to the Civil the Northern Central group is, however, low War, the latter being the chief cause, especially ered by the border states, so that the North in the South Atlantic states. In the W est, the Atlantic section has the highest proportion. addition to the number of farms was, in the O f these, but one state, Maine, has less than 60 main, due to the extension of the farm area. per cent, of its total area in farms. The ratio of inquiry was rented, or worked upon shares. The highest average total area is in farms, leaving, it would appear, land acres formed much the largest class, while in 341.8 154.6 large. sufficient amounting to 61,055,049 acres. 374,102 51,889 510,998 A re a in F a rm s. — scarcely land, in which was included the remainder, 10,241 93,565 of farm area is in Ohio, where 94 per cent, of the tions, the increase in the number of farms was two classes: woodland and forest, which com *9-5 12.7 II . 2 IO. I group, greatly exceeded that for the country at In the case of the two Southern sec The “ unimproved ” area was also divided into 68.4 80.9 98.2 128.9 886,648 83,723 in the Northern Central section was almost comprising 61,703,898 acres. 190,254,744 acres, and “ other unimproved” i 5-7 49,424 The Group......... far below the average for the country, and that and vineyards, prised three-fourths of the unimproved land, or 601,595 94,433 35,934 Atlantic states, the manufacturing section, was ondly, permanent meadows, pastures, orchards 7.8 23.0 11.9 22.7 40.6 40.2 101.6 49.6 69.6 184.9 91.1 sections, the number of farms in 1870 and 1880, W hile the rate of increase in the North crops, comprising 223,067,144 acres, and, sec 3-2 7.2 2.0 10.0 i i -5 118,422 118,141 67,382 68,023 28,481 61,125 The Group......... farms. 5,368 166,453 165,650 135,864 101,772 48,292 174,184 Western Group. Montana................... Wyoming................. Colorado................... New Mexico............. Arizona..................... U tah......................... Nevada..................... Idaho......................... Washington............... Oregon..................... California................. decade, both in number and total area of 8.6 5 -o 44.9 15.8 20.0 land, and that sown with grass in rotation of size of farms in 1880 was 134 acres; the aver accompanying table shows, by states, and by with the percentage of increase during the In Num In Total ber of Farm F arms. A rea . 1880. and considerably in excess of the increase of farm acreage, thus explaining the decrease in Per Cent, of Increase. Total Number of Farms. 0 0 hitherto unsettled. W orked by R O w n ers. W ented. orked on Sh ares. ACRES IN FARMS. N um ber. 2,601 Under 3 ................. 3 and under 1 0 .... 85,456 10 and under 20 ... 122,411 20 and under 50 ... 460,486 50 and under 100.. 804,522 100 and under 500. 1,416,618 66,447 500 and under 1,000 1,000 and over---25,765 P er C ent. 60 N um ber. 48 59 78 875 22,904 41,522 97,399 69,663 84 87 90 84,645 3,956 1,393 63 P er N C ent. 20 17 l6 13 7 5 5 5 um ber. 876 26,529 90,816 223,689 158,625 194,720 5,569 1,420 Per C ent. 20 20 36 28 *5 II 8 5 The result of this inquiry, given in the preceding table, corroborates the current belief AGRICULTURE, lxxxiii that the greater number of farms in this coun tional number of inhabitants dependent upon try are of the first class. O f the 4,008,907 other industries than agriculture, the greater F a rm in g Im plem ents an d M a c h in e r y . — The value of farming imple farms returned, 2,984,306, or 74 per cent, were the value of agricultural property, consequent, ments and machinery in 1880 was $406,520,055. cultivated by their owners; 322,357, or 8 per of course, upon the higher prices resulting from There are probably few branches of manufactur- cent., were rented, and 702,244 were ing in which greater advances have cultivated on shares. F arm Area, T en u re and Value. The table shows, in general, an increase in proportion of ownership, corresponding with increased size of farms. been made during recent years than The subjoined table shows, by states and groups of states, (i) the area in farms, with the percentage which this forms of the total area, (2) the proportions held under in agricultural machinery, which is different forms of tenure, expressed in percentages of the whole number of farms, and (3) the total value and the value per acre, including improvements. The custom of renting on shares has its greatest relative de velopment in those of from 10 to 50 acres. Area in Farms. STATES AND TERRITORIES. by Own ers. 1 5-0 74-44 6,552»S7 8 3, 721,173 34-2 4,882,588 8 -5 3 65-3 74-i 95.68 91.88 86.60 91.82 80.12 89.78 83.46 Acres. Both above and below this point, the number of rented farms decreases. Those most frequently rented for money are the smallest The United States.. 536,081,835 are cultivated by their owners, and 23,780,754 2929,773 , i 9 79 34i , L 79.1 78.0 61.4 68.7 only in the South, the system of The Group---- 67,985,64o 1,090,245 creases with an increase in acreage. In the North and W est, by far proceeds, prevails to any great ex tent. American fertility of invention, partly on T otal. 8.04 U.52 810,197,096,776 $19.21 2-53 1.79 4 28 102,357,615 15.61 20.38 20.40 stitution of steam or animal power 43-52 readiness with which the American Shares. 3,359,079 514,813 2453,541 , 64.6 3.84 6.09 5-97 7.31 2.21 75,834,389 109,346,010 I 5 9I 6.28 3-97 3-94 7-52 146,197,415 25,882,079 121,063,910 1,056,176,741 190,895,833 975,689,410 This system has grown up since the war, with the sub-division of the great plantations. Most of these rented farms are cultivated by the colored element. 75-40 78.78 10.52 9.02 14.08 13.24 65-4 84.01 7.04 8-95 $2,403,443,402 36.54 9-57 18,146 47-3 1 , 835,785 9 1 , 193,779 0 21.38 3.68 18.22 12.30 27.97 26.90 31.46 836,789,672 165,503,341 3,632,403 216,028,107 22,363,558 13,457,613 26,043,282 77.2 64.6 71.9 69.7 69.0 57.62 69.05 61.84 70.48 80.85 5-84 5, ” 9,831 86.9 81.1 3, 297,324 9 -5 60.0 63.88 11.63 24.49 94.0 88.9 88.4 80.73 76.27 68.62 89.99 6.00 4.42 8.06 3.26 2.77 13.27 50.27 49-35 44.41 49-3° 34-34 South Atlantic Group. Delaware................. Maryland................. District of Columbia. Virginia.................... West Virginia........... North Carolina........ South Carolina......... Georgia.................... Florida............... ... 66-55 49.69 34-48 11.30 6.85 5-48 23.41 55^5 13-39 69.11 I 5 4 15-75 -I I 33 47 7 ,I U 5 135, 793,602 68,677,482 111,910,540 20,291,835 33-74 32.33 200.18 10.89 13.06 6.07 5-1 ° 4-3° V a lu e o f Farm s.—The value of farms in 1880 was $10,197,096,776, or nearly one-fourth of the total val uation of the country. In 1870, it was $9,262,803,861, or, reduced to gold, $7,410,243,089, showing an increase during the decade of 37.6 per cent., but 7.6 per cent, greater than that of population. The increase from i860 to 1870 was less than that of popula tion. From 1850 to i860, the value of farms more than doubled, while population increased 35.6 per cent. The gross value of farms is greatest in Ohio, New Y ork follows, 24,529,226 20,420,983 31,673,645 13,807,240 i 5 353 h 8 , , 37-6 44.x 26.4 69.7 13,403,019 24,752,700 27,879,276 3,800,656 9,944,826 21,417,468 4.0 20.4 41.0 The Group---- 206,982,157 42.8 63-4 18,855,334 1 ,855,462 5 8,273,506 36,292,219 12,061,547 20,666,915 2L 495, 24o 57-2 5 3-5 The Group. . . . i cultivation of which would be im possible without such aid. It has thus been at once an effect and a $891,774,157 8.79 area and in the number of farms, $1 1 ,497,353 , 27 635,236,111 1,009,594,580 499,103,181 357, 709,5°7 46.37 31.11 31-56 36.15 23.3° already set forth in the preceding tables. The value of farming tools and machines, and the percentage of in presented in the table below: 83.65 3-07 3.20 235, 178,936 79-52 5-23 *5-25 $4,126,441,087 18.99 30.00 26.64 21.41 30-65 20.41 22.90 16.34 $78 954,648 , 92,844,915 58,989,117 170,468,886 4-97 74, 249,655 206,749,837 299,298,631 6.16 10.00 13.92 24.36 $99L 555,689 75 -3 i -35 4-54 9.21 O.4I 105,932,541 1 -4 45 F a r m in g T o o ls a n d M a c h in e s . CEN SU S. P ercen tage I n c rea se. of 1880......................... $406,520,055 50.8 4.19 1870......................... 336,878,429 9 -5 5-23 i860.......................... 246,118,141 62.3 1850.......................... 15 1,58 7 ,6 3 8 — 3 5-5 7 7-3 65-47 84.0 7 -5 35 16.85 17.14 13-81 6.94 10.50 11.63 1 . II 0 33> ° o> 2 5 23 38.6 63-79 11.85 405,683 94-73 I.I2 I.09 3-66 4-15 I-7 5 9-3° $3 234 5°4 , , 77 -9 835,895 6.72 25,109,223 91-93 0-43 7.64 5,5*4,399 2 -5 15 8-74 86.83 5-48 0.63 4.49 I .70 3.20 7.69 5.20 3.02 4.01 9.48 IO.9O 1,127,946 14,015,178 5,408,325 2,832,890 13,844,224 56,908,575 262,051,282 8.32 21.36 IO.I9 8.64 9.82 8-54 $400,881,441 15-31 28.5 21.6 53-1 5 56.22 64.78 62.41 69.09 7.12 Western Group. The Group---- 26,194,452 3 -5 86.01 124,433 1,165,373 631,131 135,573 655,524 530,862 3 -3 97.16 87.04 95-42 90.31 95.28 92.79 85-95 4-57 8-93 5-45 3-95 the cotton states barely averaging five dollars per acre, with the improvements. tracts in sparsely settled regions, the 5-89 10.64 10.98 value decreases greatly, the lands of North ing within the area of tillage vast 1 -4 37 80.17 ern Central group. the has had a potent influence in bring 22,401,084 Southward, the throughout introduction of farming machinery 375,633,307 7.0 10.6 westward On the other hand, the general crease at each decade since 1850, are 1,409,421 4,214,712 16 593,742 , Atlantic group, gradually decreasing farming class adopt new methods. 22.92 327,798 densely populated states of the North for manual labor, and partly to the cause of the great increase in farm Southern Central Group Alabama................... Mississippi............... Louisiana................. T exas....................... Arkansas................... Tennessee................ Kentucky................. scarcity of laborers, require the sub 193,724,260 567,430,227 0.4 0.2 1.8 0.8 0.2 1.2 0.8 0.6 value per acre ranges highest in the 6-75 account of 6.28 7.80 19.29 18.10 3.48 *4-95 13-15 90.95 90.85 76.17 72.69 96.11 81.98 Montana................... Wyoming................. Colorado................... New Mexico............. Arizona.................... Utah......................... Nevada..................... Idaho........................ Washington.............. Oregon..................... California................. then Illinois, and Pennsylvania. The 19.31 23.32 or, on 6.15 Northern Central Group Ohio......................... Indiana.. * ............... Illinois...................... Michigan................... Wisconsin.. ............ Minnesota................ Iowa......................... Missouri................... Dakota..................... Nebraska.................. Kansas..................... to the large areas in farms, which readily allow The Group. . . . 101,419,363 renting, especially for a share in the ery in farming is due partly to Per Acre. 0 0 O N the greater proportion of the farms Rented. Worked Value of Farms. North Atlantic Group. Maine....................... New Hampshire__ Vermont.................. Massachusetts.......... Rhode Island........... Connecticut............. New York................. New Jersey............. Pennsylvania........... farms, and their number steadily de (Percentage of Farm A rea.) age of T otal Area. as in the United States. This widespread use of machin T enure. Percent Worked used in no other country so generally 13-50 r 5-79 The value given above for 1870 is the value in paper currency, as given in the Census Report. computing the percentage In of in crease, this has been reduced to a gold standard, making the amount $269,502,743. between The i860 course due and to the small increase 1870 was of effects of the Civil War. V a lu e o f F a rm P ro d u cts. the greater demand for farm products, and their — The total value of all farm products was more complete utilization. Much that is waste returned for the first time by the Census of densest population, the largest proportion of in a sparsely settled agricultural region, has a 1870, as $2,447,538,658 in paper, or in gold, urban population, and the greatest relative commercial value in cities and towns. about $1,958,030,926. importance of manufactures and other indus burned as of no value in one place, sells readily as $2,212,540,927, an apparent increase of 13 tries. where population is denser. per cent, only, notwithstanding an enormous The highest value per acre accompanies the In other words, the greater the propor Straw, In 1880 it was returned SCRIBNERS STATISTICAL ATLAS. lxxxiv increase during the decade in the quantity of It is generally considered that the greater is true, areas in the Cordilleran region at so cereals, cotton, and, in short, of nearly all the food production of a country, the greater is great an elevation that the summer is too the principal items of production. the quantity consumed per capita. Various cool and short for it, but these are of small ation of the relatively small value of the vastly estimates have been made of the consumption importance in the present stage of its culti increased product of 1880, is found, manifestly, of grain per capita in different countries. vation, as comparatively little farming is carried in the sweeping reduction of prices as com of Mulhall (“ Balance Sheet of the W o rld ” ) is pared with those of 1870. given below, together with his estimate of the The explan That produced 73 per cent, of the whole crop. the production of the six principal cereals the United States stands first among the nations of the globe. The great corn region of the United States is the Northern Central section, which, in 1879, per capita production of grain: T h e Cereals. — In on there. C o n s u m p t io n P e r C a p it a . ( B u s h e l s .) P r o d u c t io n P er C a p it a . (B u sh els.) COUNTRIES. S ix states of this group, viz.: Illinois, Iowa, Mis souri, Indiana, Ohio and Kansas, produced This is Austria.............................................. 14-35 13-57 more than 100,000,000 bushels Denmark.......................................... 36.80 3 0 -8 3 24.02 highest production of any state outside of this France.......................... .................... 19.94 this country has the largest surplus above the Germany........................................... 21.15 23 -7 I requirements of its population, and makes the Great Britain.................................. 11.90 20.02 nearly 73,000,000 bushels. largest contribution toward supplying the de Holland............................................ 12.50 16.25 grown in New England is small, yet it is Italy.................................................. 9-45 9.62 Russia............................................... 20.22 17 -9 7 Spain................................................ 0 0 O N A M 17.68 Nations,” shows the acreage Europe............................................. 16.50 17.66 the most important crop, except in those areas cultivated and the production of grain in the Canada.............................................. 40.30 38.11 devoted to rice and the sugar cane; still the O M 0 0 40.66 South raises but a small proportion of the crop true not only as to total production, but also as to product per inhabitant. Naturally, also, ficiencies of other nations. The following table, extracted from Mulhall’s “ Progress of United States.................................. principal countries of the world: A C O U N T R IE S. cres under G r a in . P r o d u c t io n . ( B u s h e l s .) It will be observed that this estimate of the production of the United States is considerably each. The section was that of Kentucky, which raised The proportion the most important of all the cereal crops of this region. In the South it is, next to cotton, of the country. N ot only are the Northern Central states the great corn region, as regards absolute pro United States.................................. 118,000,000 2,698,000,000 Russia.............................................. 158,000,000 i>8 Germany.......................................... 43,000,000 990,000,000 France.............................................. 40,000,000 840,000,000 The annual export of corn, wheat and wheat Austro-Hungary.............................. 35,000,000 520,000,000 flour for the years 1860-1880 is shown by United Kingdom............................ 12,500,000 4 S,ooo.00° 5 diagrams on Plates 98, 100 and 119. Spain.......... ..................................... 15,000,000 300,000,000 low, having an average only of between 10 and Ita ly ........... .................................. 18,000,000 270,000,000 15 bushels in states along the G ulf coast. Canada and Australia..................... 14,000,000 140,000,000 5 5.000» 000 less than the actual product per capita in 1880, and greater than any previous production. In d ia n C orn . — The production of corn reported by the last four censuses, shows a The total amount of the cereal crop, as reported by the Censuses of 1880, 1870, i860 B u sh els. CENSUS. T 1880......................... 1870......................... i860.......................... 1850......................... otal. 2,697,580,229 387, 299> 5 i 3 i , 239 39,947 ,0 867,453,967 i, P e r C a p it a . P ercentage of I n c rea se o ver Preced in g D e c a d e . the Southern states the yield is particularly The most favorable latitude, for the culti vation of this cereal, all conditions considered, allels, in which strip of country, 20.2 per cent, P r o d u c t io n . (B u sh els.) CENSUS. P r o d u c t io n C a p it a . (B u sh els. ) of the whole crop was raised. Between the per 39th and 42d parallels, not less than 54.8 per cent, of the crop was produced, while northward 760,944,549 3 5 *9 i8 6 0 .......................................... 838, 792,742 27 Distributing the production of corn, accord 1850.......................................... 592,071,104 2 5 1, 754 59!,676 , 18 70 .......................................... in In appears to be between the 40th and 41st par 1880.......................................... P roduct while elsewhere it is less than 25 bushels. tion to the population: per capita of population are presented in the table below: is the greatest, averaging about 35 bushels, rapid increase, except in 1870, even in propor and 1850, the percentage of increase from decade to decade, and the number of bushels duction, but here also, the production per acre and southward the amount diminished. ing to elevation above sea-level, it appears that 9 -5 4 The low production of 1870 was due in part over 54 per cent, is produced where the eleva 12.0 53-79 35-98 39-4° 37-40 to the war, in part to an unfavorable season for tion ranges between 500 and 1,000 feet, and 82 this crop. per cent, between 500 and 1,500 feet. 42.8 — Above The corn crop of 1879, reported by the last the latter elevation there is raised only 4.4 per in production of cereals was census, was 1,754,591,676 bushels, an average of cent., and only about one-eighth of the crop considerably greater than that of population 35 bushels for every man, woman and child in below 500 feet. between 1850 and i860. the country. The gain The average product per acre Considered with respect to temperature, this 1870 there was a relative decrease, while in the was 28 bushels, the area planted with this crop cereal affects the colder rather than the warmer last decade the percentage of increase was over being 62,368,869 acres (97,450 square miles), parts of the country. three times that of population. or about one-thirtieth of the total area of the perature ranges between 450and 50° Fah., there country. is raised 40.8 per cent of the crop; between 450 Between i860 and This production was distributed as follows: GRAIN. A cres. P r o d u c t io n . (B u s h e l s .) 35,430,052 754,59U676 459,483,137 16,144,593 407,858,999 1997,717 , 43,997,495 1 ,831,595 9 62,368,869 1,842,303 84 389 8, 118,631,923 i, 11,817,327 2,697,580,229 This peculiarly American grain, although by W here the annual tem and 550 there was grown 75.9 per cent., and , preference a semi-tropical plant, is the most 87.3 per cent, between the isotherms of 450 widely distributed throughout the country of all and 6o°. the cereals. It is cultivated from the Gulf to Corn needs abundant moisture. This is the British boundary, and from the Atlantic to shown by the fact that 63.4 per cent, of the the Pacific. The one condition that it requires crop was grown where the annual rainfall for maturing its grain is a hot summer, and this ranges from 35 to 45 inches, and 86.8 per our continental climate assures. cent, where it ranges from 30 to 50 inches. There are, it AGRICULTURE. lxxxv Indeed, where the rainfall is less than 25 tion, but the increase in production per capita the region receiving from 35 to 50 inches, and inches, only one-half of one per cent, was of population. over nine-tenths (92.4 per cent.) where the raised, and doubtless much, if not all of this, grown at a prodigious rate, yet the wheat pro annual rainfall is above 25 inches. was grown only by the aid of irrigation. duction per capita, has more than doubled remaining portion (7.6 per cent.) was raised by since 1850. the aid of irrigation, or in regions where the For many years, Indian freely exported. corn has been Although the population has The small The export, which reached Glancing at the production by states (Plate a minimum in 1870, owing to the small crop, 99), it is seen that the leading states are mainly growing season. has since increased quite steadily and rapidly, those of the Northern Central section, where per cent, of the crop was raised where the rain as shown by the following table: suitable soils, a favorable climate, and the fall during the growing season is between 20 conditions necessary for the use of farming and 25 inches; nearly 80 per cent, where it is machinery on a large scale, coupled with easy between 15 and 25; 6.4 per cent, where it is and cheap transportation to markets, combine less than 15 inches, and only 1 per cent, with less than 10 inches of available rainfall. rainfall, though scanty, is mostly within the It is worthy of note that 48 E xport of I n d ia n C o r n . (B u s h e l s .) E x po r t of C orn M eal. ( B a r r e l s .) 1 8 7 0 ....................................................... 1 , 3 9 2 .1 1 5 1 8 7 ,0 9 3 1 8 7 1 ....................................................... 9 , 8 2 6 ,3 0 9 2 1 1 ,8 1 1 to 1 8 7 2 ....................................................... 3 4 ,4 9 ! , 6 5 0 3 0 8 ,8 4 0 wheat state is Illinois, which produces over The annual consumption of wheat is esti 1 8 7 3 ....................................................... 3 8 ,5 4 1 ,9 3 0 4 0 3 ,1 1 1 11 per cent, of the total product of the country. mated at about 5.5 bushels per inhabitant. 1 8 7 4 ....................................................... 3 4 ,4 3 4 ,6 0 6 3 8 7 ,8 0 7 2 8 , 8 5 8 ,4 2 0 2 9 1 ,6 5 4 Then follow Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Minne O f the total product of 9.2 bushels per capita in 1 8 7 5 .............. ........................................ 1 8 7 6 ....................................................... 4 9 ,4 9 3 ,5 7 2 3 5 4 ,2 4 0 sota, Iowa, California, Missouri, Wisconsin and 1880, there was left, therefore, a very large T t8 7 7 ....................................................... 7 0 , 8 6 0 ,9 8 3 4 4 7 ,9 ° 7 Pennsylvania, in the order mentioned. surplus, amounting to about two-fifths of the 1 8 7 8 ....................................................... 4 5 ,4 6 1 ,0 9 8 4 3 2 ,7 5 3 crop, available for export. 00 w ten states together produce three-fourths of the 8 6 , 2 9 6 ,2 5 2 3 9 7 ,1 6 0 9 8 , 1 6 9 ,8 7 7 wheat crop of the country. which was in the neighborhood of 184,000,000 3 5 ° ,6 i 3 1 YEARS. 1 8 8 0 ....................................................... encourage wheat-growing. The leading These O f this surplus, The states in which wheat is raised in bushels, there was exported during the year largest quantities are not necessarily those in I53>752>795 bushels of wheat, and 6,011,419 indicates in a general way the magnitude of the which the yield per acre is the greatest. barrels of flour, having crop, still it cannot be relied on to follow the Illinois, whose product is the largest, the yield $225,879,502. latter with any degree of closeness. per acre is but 15.8 bushels; in Indiana about and wheat flour fluctuated greatly during the pense attendant upon moving this bulky cereal, 18.4, and in Ohio 18 bushels. decade, with a remarkable increase in its clos compared with its value, prevents it from seek from the virgin soils of Dakota, Kansas and ing a market at a distance, and moreover, the Nebraska, 10.6, 9.3 and 9.4 bushels per acre, grain is of itself more difficult than wheat to respectively, is noticeable. Although the amount of exportation of corn The ex In The small yield The highest production per acre was in the an abundant crop does not produce a corres states and territories of the Cordilleran region, pondingly large exportation. In this respect, total value of The annual exports of wheat ing years, as is shown in the following table: E xpo r t of W heat. (V a l u e .) YEARS. Hence, ship great distances in good order. a 1871.......................... W E x p o r t of h eat F lour. (V a lu e . ) T otal V alu e. $24,093,184 $69,236,608 56,870,744 1872.......................... $45 , *43,424 38,915,060 whose soils are likewise new to tillage, and 1 8 7 3 ......................................... 5 *,452,254 *7,955,684 19,381,664 the export of corn is a much less correct indi where the necessity for irrigation results in the 1874.......................... 101,421,459 29,258,094 cator of the size of the crop, than the export of more careful cultivation of comparatively small 1 8 7 5 ......................................... 59,607,863 23 , 7 *2,440 *30 ,679,553 83,320,303 farms. 1876.......................... wheat. 68,382,899 24,443,470 92,826,369 The surplus is mainly used in feeding The lowest yield is found in the 70,833,918 1877 .......................... 47 , 135,562 21,663,947 68,799,509 live-stock and as a raw material for various Southern states, whose soil and climate are 1878......................... 96,872,016 25 ,095,721 manufactured products, and an abundant crop not as well adapted to this crop as to others. 1 8 7 9 ......................................... 130,701,079 29 ,567 , 7*3 *2*,967,737 160,268,792 1880.......................... 190 ,546,305 35 ,333,*97 225,879,502 o f corn shows its effects in an increased pro Distributing the wheat production according to latitude, it is found that 83.1 per cent, of the duct of live-stock. whole is raised between the 37th and the 44th W h e a t .— The acreage in wheat reported by Oats .— The parallels, and that much more than one-half, 407,858, 999 bushels, raised on 16,144,593 acres, crop of this cereal in 1880 was the Census of 1880 was ’5,430,052, and the or 58.2 per cent., is cultivated in the area an average per acre of a little over 25 bushels. crop 459,483,137 bushels. The average yield between the 38th and the 42d parallels. The increase in the crop between 1870 and This More than one-half the crop, or 52.2 per 1880 was 45 per cent.; between i860 and 1870, acreage was 29.7 per cent, of all land cultivated cent., was grown at an elevation ranging from over 63 per cent.; between 1850 and i860, 18 in cereals, and 500 to 1,000 feet above sea level, and nearly per cent. per acre was about thirteen bushels. the product was about 9.2 bushels per inhabitant. The following table 78 per cent, of the whole crop between the The region of the great lakes from New presents the production of wheat, as reported limits of 500 and 1,500 feet elevation. Only Y ork and Pennsylvania to Minnesota, with the by the different censuses since and including 11.6 per cent, was raised below the level of states of Iowa, Missouri, Kansas and Nebraska, 1840, with the production per capita: 500 feet. constitute CENSUS. P r o d u c t io n . (B u s h e l s . ) 1880.......................................... i8 6 0 .......................................... 459,483,137 287, 745,62 6 i 73 io 4 92 , , 4 1850.......................................... 100,485,944 1840.......................................... 84,823,272 18 70 .......................................... A distribution of the wheat production the area of greatest production. Nearly two-thirds of the whole crop was raised P r o d u c t io n P er C a p it a . ( B u s h e l s .) according to mean annual temperature, shows in the 9.2 that where the temperature ranged from 50° a small portion in the Southern states, where 7 -5 5 -6 4 -3 5-o to 550 the production was greatest— 37.8 per it is not generally cultivated. cent, of the crop being in this belt. Nearly Northern Central section, and The geographic and only climatic conditions figures illustrate, not alone most favorable to oats differ somewhat from temperature was between 450 and 550 . • These two-thirds of the crop was raised where the those best suited for wheat, and in a still the In respect to annual rainfall, five-eighths of remarkably rapid increase of absolute produc the wheat crop (62.7 per cent.) was grown in greater degree from those adapted to Indian corn. It bears a colder climate than either of SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS. lxxxvi these cereals, or, at least, a cooler summer. largest reported at any census. More than half the crop is produced where the was but 8,956,912 bushels, or less than one-half upon the South Atlantic and G ulf coasts. mean annual temperature is between 450 and as large. the total product in 1880, 101,131,373 pounds, 50° Fah. That of 1850 whole crop is raised in the low coast swamps, Of In respect to rainfall, it may be The states of New York and Pennsylvania or nearly one-half, was grown on the coast of stated that four-fifths of the crop comes from together produced about two-thirds of the South Carolina; nearly one-fourth came from a region where the annual rainfall is between whole crop. the Georgia coast, and most of the remainder 30 and 45 inches, and of the spring and sum single states are but trifling in comparison, and from Louisiana. mer between 15 and 25 inches. in a few states no production whatever was duction of rice was rapidly diminishing. reported. 1850, there was raised more than 215,000,000 Over 91 per cent, of the crop was raised at elevations rang The amounts produced in other ing from 100 to 1,500 feet above the sea. The demand for oats as human food has pounds. H a y .— This is one of the most valuable, if Prior to the war, the pro In In i860, this had fallen to about 187,000,000, and in 1870, it had still further been, until recent years, very slight; but lat not the most valuable crop produced in the decreased to 73,635,021 pounds. terly, large quantities have been used for this United States. decade, ending with 1880, rice-growing appar purpose. tion per ton, it reaches an aggregate value The export of oats is comparatively Even at a very moderate valua During the ently commenced to recover its lost ground. trifling, amounting to but a few hundred thou surprisingly near that of the wheat crop. sand bushels annually. amount cut in 1880 was 35,205,712 tons, which Hops. — Although was raised upon 30,631,054 acres, an average causes, the production of hops has a narrow yield of 1.15 tons per acre. range. B a r le y . — The production of barley reported The The greatest The not confined by climatic state of New Y ork produced in the Tenth Census was 43,997,495 bushels. amount, as well as the greatest yield per acre, four-fifths of all grown in the country, and In 1870, it was reported as 29,761,305; in i860, is from the Northern states, the importance Wisconsin 15,825,898, and in 1850, 5,167,015. of the crop diminishing southward. mainder. of increase, from decade The ratios Thirteen and California most of the re The total product was 26,546,378 to decade, were states, all of them Northern states, had more pounds, a slight increase over that reported respectively as follows: from 1870 to 1880, 48 than a million acres each in grass, and all but in 1870. per cent.; from i860 to 1870, 88 per cent., and two of these averaged more than a ton of hay from 1850 to i860, no less than 206 per cent. per acre. The number of acres under cultivation in this in Minnesota, whose average was 1.55 tons. T he largest production per acre was crop in 1880 was 1,997,717, showing an average yield per acre of about 22 bushels. The leading state in the production of barley is in products of the sugar cane, sorghum and maple sap in 1880 were as follows: Irish P o ta to es. —-The this farm product of Su gar C ane : Sugar.......................................... 178,872 hogsheads. vegetable was 169,458,539 bushels, an Molasses..................................... 16,573,273 gallons. 1880 raised average of about 3} bushels to each inhabitant. about 28^ per cent, of the whole product of The actual product of potatoes is greater than the country. Then followed New Y ork with the above figures, a large aggregate being 18 per cent, of the whole product, Wisconsin grown in gardens, outside of farm statistics. with 11 per cent., and Iowa with 9 per cent. This crop is very generally distributed over the The production of the Southern and the New country, being raised in considerable quantities The production of cane sugar is confined England states was trifling, while that of several in every state and territory. Generally speaking, almost entirely to the lower half of Louisiana. of the Western states and territories was, in the product of the Northern states was consid That state produced in 1880 not less than proportion to their population, very large. erably greater, in proportion to the population, 171,706 hogsheads, the remainder coming from than that of the South. Texas, Florida and Georgia. R ye. — California, which S u gar a n d M olasses.— The New York, the leading S orghum : Sugar...........................................12,792 pounds. Molasses.......................................................28,444,202gallons. M aple Sap : S u g a r ..........................................................36,576,071pounds. Molasses..................................................... 1,796,048gallons. The production of sorghum molasses was The product of rye in the United producer, raised nearly one-fifth of the whole, States in 1880 was 19,831,595 bushels, on an while Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan and Illinois more acreage of 1,842,303, an average per acre of followed in the order named, each state having Missouri, Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois and nearly 11 bushels. a product of more than ten million bushels. Iowa each producing 2,000,000 gallons and duct reported The increase over the pro in 1870, which was 16,918,795 bushels, was 17 per cent. The largest crop evenly distributed, five states, viz.: upwards. S w eet P o ta to es. — The maple sugar product is mainly confined reported by any census was that of i860, which The production of sweet potatoes is mainly confined to the South. to the Northern states. amounted to 21,101,380 bushels. In 1850, the O f the total product in the United States of produced 2,000,000 pounds or more each, of production was reported as 14,188,813 bushels. 33,378,693 bushels, 88 per cent, was raised in sugar, were Vermont (11,261,077 pounds), N ew Nearly 80 per cent of the crop of 1880 was the South Atlantic and Southern Central states. Y ork grown The largest production was in the States of Pennsylvania and New Hampshire. in Pennsylvania, Illinois, New York, Wisconsin and Iowa. The six states which (10,693,619 pounds), Michigan, Ohio, North Carolina and Georgia, which jointly con tributed more than one-fourth of the entire C otton . — The product. The importance of the crop has very during the census year (the crop of 1879), was never been a crop of much relative importance greatly increased during recent years, but it has reported as 5,755,359 bales, having an average in this country. not yet reached the proportions which it had weight of 475 lbs., and a value roughly esti prior to the war. mated at nearly $300,000,000. Buckwheat. — This minor cereal has In 1880, it was reported at 11,817,327 bushels. This was a gain of 20 per largest crop ever raised. cent, over 1870, when the crop was reported at 9,821,721 bushels. The crop reported in i860 was 17,571,818 bushels, being by far the cotton crop of the country R ice .— The cultivation of rice is confined within very narrow geographical limits. The This was the In 1870, it was reported by the Census at 3,011,996 bales; in i860, 5,387,052, and in 1850, 2,469,093 bales. AGRICULTURE. Ixxxvii Commercial reports of the cotton crop of which this crop is grown, but also the degree W hile the total production of Tennessee is the United States have been made up for each of importance of the crop in different localities. comparatively small, its average product per year since 1829, with the exception of the war The great production of Mississippi is due acre is very large. This is due to more careful The year in mainly to the fact that the culture of cotton is culture than in the neighboring states in the each case ends with September 1, and the by far the leading pursuit of the people of the South, rather than to any extraordinary rich crop referred to is evidently that grown during state. ness of soil. the previous year. land admirably adapted to the culture of this restricted to the central and western parts of staple. the state, and is general only in the latter sec period, between 1861 and 1865. They are presented in the following table: The state possesses immense areas of The average yield of the Yazoo bot In this state, cotton culture is ear Bales. Y ear. B ales. Y ear. Bales. Y ear Bales. tom lands, under imperfect tillage and with tion. bad picking and handling, is three-fourths of a Y Indeed, 84 per cent, of the cotton product of the state is raised in the small area between bale per acre. the Tennessee and Mississippi rivers. 8 7 0 ,4 1 5 18 41 1 ,6 3 4 ,9 4 5 1853 3 , 2 6 2 ,8 8 2 1869 2 ,4 3 9 ,0 3 9 1830 9 7 6 ,8 4 5 1842 1 ,6 8 3 ,5 7 4 1854 2 , 9 3 0 ,0 2 7 1870 3 , t5 4 ,9 4 6 1831 1 ,0 3 8 ,8 4 8 18 43 2 ,3 7 8 ,8 7 5 1855 2 ,8 4 7 ,3 3 9 18 71 4 ,3 5 2 ,3 1 7 averaging 1,000 pounds of lint, or more than The average yield of Arkansas per acre was 1832 9 8 7 ,4 8 7 1844 2 , 0 3 0 ,4 0 9 18 56 3 ,5 2 7 ,8 4 5 18 72 2 .9 7 4 .3 5 1 two bales, per acre have been obtained by .58 of a bale, being exceeded in this respect means of careful culture and handling. only by that of Louisiana, which was .59. 1833 1 , 0 7 0 ,4 3 8 1845 2 ,3 9 4 ,5 ° 3 1857 2 ,9 3 9 ,5 1 9 18 73 3 , 9 3 0 ,5 0 8 •" '4 C O 00 H 1829 1 , 2 0 5 ,3 2 4 1846 2 , 1 0 0 ,5 3 7 18 58 3 , 1 1 3 ,9 6 2 18 74 4 , 1 7 0 ,3 8 8 18 35 1 . 2 5 4 ,3 2 8 1847 1 , 7 7 8 ,6 5 1 18 59 3 ,8 5 M 8 i 18 75 3 , 8 3 2 ,9 9 1 1836 1 , 3 6 0 ,7 5 2 18 48 2 ,3 4 7 ,6 3 4 i 860 4 , 6 6 9 ,7 7 0 18 76 18 37 1 ,4 2 2 ,9 3 0 1849 2 , 7 2 8 ,5 9 6 18 61 3 ,6 5 6 ,0 0 6 18 77 1838 1 , 8 0 1 ,4 9 7 1850 2 ,0 9 6 ,7 0 6 1866 2 ,1 9 3 ,9 8 7 1839 1 , 3 6 0 ,5 3 2 18 51 2 ,3 5 5 ,2 5 7 18 6 7 2 ,0 1 9 ,7 7 4 2 ,1 7 7 ,8 3 5 18 52 3 , 0 1 5 ,0 2 9 18 6 8 2 ,5 9 3 ,9 9 3 1840 In this region individual crops, O f the The 4 , 6 6 9 ,2 8 8 comes from the upland. .76 of a bale. 4 ,4 8 5 ,4 2 3 by Professor E. W . Hilgard that if, under more to the large extent of rich bottom land, and to 4 ,8 1 1 ,2 6 5 careful tillage, all the cotton lands of Missis the great extent of upland whose soil is well 18 79 5 ,0 7 3 ,5 3 1 sippi were utilized, the full crop of this state suited to the staple. 188 0 5 ,7 5 7 ,3 9 7 alone would equal the largest crop yet pro average yield was about .8 of a bale per acre, duced in the United States. while that of the uplands was about half as 00 average' yield per inhabitant of the state was M 00 total product of the state, nearly three-fourths These reports give a greater production for 0 1870 and 1880, and less for 1850 and i860, than those of the census for the same years. It has been estimated Second in production is Georgia. Its posi great. The high average yield is due In the bottom lands, the These proportions hold also in Missis tion is due, however, not to exceptional fertility sippi and Louisiana, in both of which states are The total value of the cotton crop of 1879, of soil, but to its great area devoted to cotton, large areas of bottom lands, extensively culti assuming the average price as ten cents per and the especial devotion of its people to this vated in cotton. pound, was $273,379,553, an average of $16.85 interest. The average production per inhabitant In Louisiana, a large proportion of the area, for each man, woman and child living within was, in 1879, a little over half a bale, and the particularly that part bordering upon the Gulf, the cotton-growing belt. average yield per acre but .31 of a bale, placing is given over to culture of sugar cane. it, in the latter respect, very low in the scale. part of this state south of the latitude of the The following table gives, by states, the acreage in cotton, the production in bales, and the average product per acre planted: Georgia, shares in the conditions of each. B ales A STATES. cres. Alabama, standing between Mississippi and Product. per A cre. The In that mouth of Red River, only about 6 per cent, of the tilled land is devoted to cotton. Owing area of alluvial land in the state is of very to the large area of alluvial land upon which small extent, but there extend over into it this staple is raised, the average production Mississippi.................................... 2 , 1 0 6 ,2 1 5 9 6 3 ,1 1 1 0 .4 6 from Mississippi two broad belts of very fertile per acre of Louisiana is the highest of all in Georgia.......................................... 2 ,6 1 7 ,1 3 8 8 1 4 ,4 4 1 0 .3 1 upland soil. the cotton belt, being .59 of a bale. T exas............................................. 2 ,1 7 3 ,4 3 5 8 0 5 ,2 8 4 0 -3 7 regards total production, is fourth in the list, of East Carroll, lying in an alluvial district, in Alabam a........................................ 2 , 3 3 0 ,0 8 6 6 9 9 ,6 5 4 0 .3 0 Arkansas........................................ 6 0 8 ,2 5 6 CO 10 6 while in yield per acre its rank is the lowest of the northeastern corner of the state, has the 1 , 0 4 2 ,9 7 6 South Carolina.............................. 1 ,3 6 4 ,2 4 9 5 2 2 ,5 4 8 0 .3 8 all, with the exception of Florida. highest average Louisiana...................................... 8 6 4 ,7 8 7 5 0 8 ,5 6 9 o -5 9 North Carolina............................ 8 9 3 ,1 5 3 3 8 9 ,5 9 8 0 .4 4 Tennessee...................................... 7 2 2 ,5 6 2 3 3 0 ,6 2 1 0 .4 6 Florida........................................... 2 4 5 ,5 9 5 5 4 ,9 9 7 0 .2 2 Missouri........................................ 3 2 ,1 1 6 2 0 ,3 1 8 Virginia.......................................... 4 5 ,0 4 0 Indian Territory.......................... 3 5 ,0 0 ° Kentucky...................................... 2 ,6 6 7 The position of Alabama, as The reason for the lower yield per acre product The parish of any parish or county, namely, .95 of a bale. This county in Alabama and Georgia than in the states borders upon W ashington county, Miss., and situated to the eastward or westward, is, as has Chicot county, Ark., which follow it in point 0 .6 3 been pointed out by Professor Hilgard, that of production per acre, and together they con 1 9 ,5 9 5 0 .4 4 while in the newer states on the west the stitute the area of greatest production, upon 1 7 ,0 0 0 0 .4 9 natural fertility of the soil is not yet exhausted, natural soils, in the country. 1 ,3 6 7 0 .5 1 of their total product of cotton. In Texas, nearly all the cotton is grown in these states, and in the Carolinas, the soil is, upon upland soils, the area of alluvial land in greater or less degree, impoverished. The states are arranged above in the order indeed, is in many localities scarcely impaired, being but trifling. In the More than half of the crop The cotton-belt comprises the states lying Carolinas, however, the lacking elements are of this state was raised in the northeastern along the Atlantic coast from North Carolina being returned to the soil by the use of fer section, north of the 32d parallel, and east of southward, with a few counties of the southern tilizers, notably the product of the phosphate the 98th meridian. part of Virginia; all the Gulf states, with Arkan beds of South Carolina, whereas in Alabama little cotton. sas, the western parts of Tennessee and Ken and Georgia the practice of manuring has not accounted for partly from the fact that Texas tucky, been generally adopted. has little or none southeastern Missouri and eastern The coast counties produce The low average yield is to be of the rich alluvial soil It was raised also in small The cotton region of Florida is situated of Louisiana and Mississippi, and partly to the amount, but not reported in the Census, in mainly in the northern part, adjacent to Geor fact that the year 1879 was an unfavorable southern Illinois and southern California. gia. one, a large part of the crop in central Texas Indian Territory. The soil is not of a high grade, and the The cotton-growing region is outlined in methods of cultivation are crude, as must be much greater degree of detail upon the map inferred from the low average product per on Plate 109, showing not only the area over acre— less than one-fourth of a bale. having been killed by drought. In North and South Carolina, the culture of cotton may be said to have reached the SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS. lxxxviii second stage; the original soil has become de together about one-fourth, the small remainder which, collectively, raise 99 per cent, of the crop pleted through the constant drains made upon being widely distributed. of the country. O f these Kentucky stands first,, its product being 36 per cent, of the whole. it by a century of tillage, and good returns are Tob a C C O . — The rank of the fifteen prin This state, with Virginia, which is second in In Missouri, cotton culture is restricted to cipal tobacco-growing states in size of crop, production, raised more than half of the total the half dozen counties in the southeastern area cultivated, and yield per acre, is shown in crop. corner, comprised entirely in the bottom lands the following table: the great bulk of the crop is raised in what now dependent on the application of fertilizers. of the Mississippi. Cotton may be denominated the middle belt of the is produced in S iz e o f C rop. STATES. Kentucky only in a few counties in the extreme western end of the state. A s appears from the map on Plate n o , A rea C u l t iv a t e d . Y ie l d p e r A cre. country— the region between the 35th and the 41st parallels. The highest yield per acre Kentucky. .............................. I I 8 The following table shows the distribution Virginia.................................... 2 2 13 was in the more northern states, Connecticut of the exportations of 1880, which formed Pennsylvania.......................... 3 7 3 leading in this respect, with Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, New York and Wisconsin fol Ohio......................................... C O U N T R IE S. C otton. ( P o u n d s .) 4 6 Tennessee................................. about two-thirds of the entire crop: 6 5 4 IO North Carolina........................ 6 3 15 M aryland................................ 7 5 12 lowing in the order named. The great difference in the annual yield per I acre in different states is due, not alone to 8 7 various degrees of care in its cultivation, and IO IO 5 Indiana.................................... II 9 9 New Y o rk ................................ 12 13 4 cultivated in different states, and to vicissi 2 tudes in the seasons. Connecticut............................ 8 England---- I» 9 2, 259>737 I Missouri.................................. 9 F ran ce----- 1 7 9 , 8 4 6 ,2 7 7 Wisconsin................................ Germany__ 1 5 4 ,0 2 2 ,5 6 4 Russia........ 1 0 2 , 2 5 0 ,0 7 5 II Spain........... 66,936,354 Massachusetts.......................... 13 i5 Netherlands. 3 2 , 6 6 2 ,6 0 3 Illinois...................................... 14 12 II Italy........... 2 9 , 5 6 3 ,1 8 0 West Virginia.......................... 15 14 14 Ireland 23 > 595>I I 9 Norway and Sweden............................ 1 0 , 3 0 9 ,6 4 5 M exico.................................................. 9 » 8 i ,543 8 British Possessions in North America 9 , 8 0 9 ,6 3 3 Belgium................................................ 8 , 9 4 8 ,1 6 6 Austria.................................................. The tobacco crop of 1879, returned by the to difference in soils, but to the varieties In the states having the highest yield per acre, the seed-leaf varieties are principally grown, and practiced. high manuring In Ohio, also, which has a yield 472,661,157 above the average, the Ohio seed-leaf and the pounds, showing an increase over that of 1869 Burley varieties are largely grown, both being 84 9 .245 of about 80 per cent. vigorous in growth. Census of 1880, amounted to This crop was grown In North Carolina, which Scotland................................................ 77 2.3 28 upon 638,841 acres, giving an average yield has a low yield per acre, the bright yellow Portugal................................................ 238,749 per acre of 739 pounds. wrapper variety is very extensively raised. South America.................................... 1 1 2 ,3 1 1 Although tobacco is cultivated to a greater or less extent in nearly The exports from the United States during every state and territory, the only exceptions the year, amounting to 215,974,036 pounds, O f the total export, England receives nearly being Colorado, Montana, Utah and Wyoming, with a value of $18,442,273, constituted 45.7 two-thirds, and France, Germany and Russia it is a commercial product in only fifteen states, per cent, of the crop. A ll Other Countries............................ 3,585 P late 9 6 P late 9 6 A G R I C U L T U R E ill ■I 1 L i , 2 p lD E V IL S L A K E Li.,088------------J LZJ WHITE EARTK 2.5M1W A M "m m . 10 » '"'I "!"V 21 22 30 31 .T R A V E R S E ! J 3 [ 37X 38 ls2~_____' 44 CO . _ l lIiF nI L ?UO ” l 1 73 -12- -.8 j 21 H- 22 | 23 | 32 I33 j NE BR 7 34 I F T ... -n »» q INDEX. Ala. .27 M o ... .16 A n z . .47 Mont. .45 A r k .. .33 Nebr. .31 Cal. .32 N ev.. .42 Colo. .40 N .II.. .15 Conn. . 9 N.J. . .11 Dak. .38 N .M ex 44 Del. . . 4 N .Y .. . 5 D.C. . .18 N.C. . .25 Fla. . .37 O h io. . 2 Ga. .. .23 Oreg. .36 Ida. . .43 Pa. .. .10 m . . . . 1 R .l.-- .12 Ind. . . 3 S.C. . .24 Iowa. Tenn .19 Kans. .26 T e x .. .35 K y ... .13 Utah. .41 La. .. .34 Vt. .. . 6 M e ... -28 Va. ., .17 M d ... . 8 Wash ■39 Mass. .14 W .V a .21 Mich. .22 W is .. .20 Minn. .30 Wyo. 46 Miss. .29 Ratio of Improved Farm Land to Total Area, by States. 1880. Rank State. 47 A riz. . 46 Wyo. . 45 Mont. . 44 N. Mex 43 Ida. . . 42 N ev ... < 1 U tah.. 1 40 Colo. . 39 Wash.38 D a k.. . 37 Fla. .. 36 O r e g . . 35 T e x ... 34 La. . . . 33 A r k ... 32 Cal. .. 31 N ebr.. 30 Minn.. 29 Miss. . 28 M e .... 27 Ala. .. 26 Kans.. 25 N .C ... 24 S.C. .. 23 G a .. . . 22 M ich.. 21 W. Va. 20 Wis. .. 19 Tenn.. 18 D .C ... 17 V a . ... 16 Mo. .. 15 N . I I . . . 14 M ass.. 13 K y .... 12 R. r— 11 N.J. .. 10 Pa. . . . 9 Conn.. SCALE: S* Per Cent. .07 .1 .2 .3 .3 .4 .7 .9 1.1 1.2 2.7 3.6 . 7.5 9.4 10.5 10.6 11.2 14.2 17.5 18.2 19.3 20.5 20.8 21.3 21.7 22.5 24.0 26.2 31.7 32.8 ~ ~ t -------- - f - P ■ li 5 15 7 8 I • ■ J a -jin s U li? O iP iS iS lip illS _ U - l ■-.•.TAq'i 3 I ,- '■ 8 ! j f i o liP it' «>“ 'N O O ,: »»80,A^ y UA ) ON !n c f ^ 15* ■ u n o r g a n iz e d ,-.\“ 0,l-“a rrf jmoPJ6 %5u eS ' ee O u ^"ta6 ^J ^ A ^%o :j o Fe 1* 0 Tex. - L 1 \ 4 I “ No improved land reported__ Minn. N Mrv mm *? Kans Ga. Mich. W .V a . 3j 0g r* ahrq ce . 200A- 35* W is. Under Tenn. D .C . V a. 40* M o. 1 % of total area_____ 10 1# and under 10# of total area. •y ^AO: PG . / 6,000-.:. 45* N.H. Mass. 50* 55* \ m iy m Pa. ■onn. M d. 8 M d .... 52.9 7 Iow a . 55.9 6 Vt. . . . 5 N .Y ... 4 Del. .. 3 Ind. .. 2 O h io.. 1 111____ — — zs^ a ssa TE ip ■— N .Y . Del. In c. I — PM — H i — Iowa vt. ■■■■■■ m m .i 65* 70* ■ HBS I BBB Ohio. V :L U \ 75* 111. 1 RETRO SPECT.—Total Farm Land. •. Year. Acres. Improved. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 D .C ... R .l— Del. .. C onn.. N.J. .. M ass.. N .II... Vt. ... M d .... W .Va. Me. . . S.C. .. Ind. .. K y ... . Va. . . O h io.. T enn.. Pa.. .. La. . . . Miss. . N .Y ... N .C ... Ala. . . A r k ... Fla___ Wis. .. Iow a . Ill____ M ich .. G a .. . . Wash.M o .... N eb r.. iMinn.. Kans.. U tah.. Ida. .. O res. Wyo. . iColo. . N ev ... Ariz. . N. Mex M ont.. D a k... k^al. -iT ex ... Total. 12,632 38,400 298,486 694,400 746,958 1,254,400 1,642,188 3,100,800 4,771,200 2,096,297 2,128,311 5,145,600 2,308,112 5,763,200 5,846,400 3,286,461 6,310,400 3,342,700 3,792,327 15,772,800 3,484,908 19,132,800 4,132,050 19,308,800 13,933,738 22,982,400 10,731,683 25,600,000 8,510,113 25,680,000 18,081,091 26,086,400 8,496,556 26,720,000 13,423.007 28,790,400 2,739,972 29.068,800 5,216,937 29,657,600 17,717,863 30,476,800 6,481,191 31,091,200 6,375,706 32,9a5,600 3,595,603 33,948,800 947,640 34,713,600 9,162,528 34,848,000 19,866,541 35,504,000 26,115,154 35,840,000 8,296,862 36,755,200 8,204.720 37,747,200 484,346 42,803,200 16,745,031 43,990,400 5,504,702 48,758,400 7,246,693 50,691,200 10,739,566 52,288,000 416,105 52.601,600 197,407 53,945,600 2,198,645 60,518,400 as, 122 62,448,000 616,169 66,332,800 344,423 70,233,600 56.071 72.268,800 237.392 78,374,400 262,611 92,998,400 1,150.413 94,528,000 10,669,698 99,827,200 12,650.314 167,865,600 SCALE: 5 000,000 Acres. ) 293,560,614 407,212,538 407,735,041 536.081,835 100,000 200,000 300,000 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 350,000 400,000 Indian Reservations... RETRO SPEC T.— Ratio of Improved Farm Land to Total Area in Farms. Year. - IV, Va. ■Me. Me. S.C. - s .c . 38.50 40.06 46.33 53.12 SCALE! 5* Per Cent. 1850 1860 1870 1880 15,000,000 1* 0 mH ma m ia ma H "K y . 2* 0 25* Unsettled Parts.. 30* 35* 40* 50* 45* — a— — ■fflBOB IIM H W I RETROSPECT.— Average Size of Farms. Ft. • Ohio Tenn. 15* 2 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ~Va. 30,000,000 ■ Pa. Pa. La. Miss. N .Y. ■ Miss. -N .Y . ■Ark 150,000 — I B BBSE5B^ w R39923H w BHfl ■B5 E 10 , 000,000 ■La. 187 ■ U - 1 S*" SCALE: 5000Q A ores — N.C. -A la . 1850 I860 1870 1880 35,000,000 NIC. Ala. SCALE: 25 A cres. 50 Y e a r . A cr e s . 203 199 153 134 ind . IOO 75 125 175 200 wm am Year. RETRO SPECT.— Total Number of Farms. "M o. • Nebr. 45,000,000 •Minn. * K ans. ■ Utah -~ O re g . Wyo. -C o lo . -N ev. A riz. -x..w> X. -Mont. — 'Dak. -C al. A la. ..25 111------ 20 Mo___ 16|R.I___ 46 A riz. Ind. ..35 M ont.. 4 S.C. ..36 Ark. ..24 Io w a .21 N ebr.. 15 T e n n ..31 Cal. . . 2 K ans.. 13 N e v ... 7 T e x ... 1 Colo. . 8 Ky. ...3 4 N .H ...41 U tah.A 2 Conn. .44 La. ...2 9 N.J. ..43 Y t. ...4 0 D a k ... 8 Me___ 37jN .M ex 5 Va. ..33 Del. ..45 M d . ...39 N .Y ...27 Wash.-Yt D .C . ..47 Mass..42|N.C. ..26 W . Va. 38 Fla. -.23 M ich ..19 O h io..32 W is. ..22 Ga. ...1 8 M in n ..l4 0 re g . .10 Wyo. . 9 Ida. ..1 1 Miss. .28iPa___ “ “ 50,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Mo. 00,000 ] 000,000 Year. Nebr. M in i. Farms. 1850 1860 1870 1880 1,449,073 2,044,077 2,659,986 4,008,907 Value. 1850 $151,587,638 1860 246,118,141 1870 330,878,429 1880 406,520,055 SCALE INDEX. \ Implements and Machinery. "F la . — Wash. v RETROSPECT.— Total Value of Farming 40,000,000 ■Iow a j : ,600,000 ■ 2 500,000 ■ M S BM [ */ warn RETROSPECT.— Total Value of Farms. / j kans- | i ’ 'F — H N.MtX. v > . ~ 'v V ----- ---------- v --------- z- U U t e n n . pnn. I.T. j mo. ____ J /*> nC ARK. f f I ----- \MISS. TEX. $ 2 ,000 ,000,000 \ $ 2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 \ * 10, 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 * 7 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 law $3,271,575,426 1860j 6.645.045,007 1870 9,232,803,861 A vera g e premium on gold , 25.3* 1880' 10.1:17,096,776 65,000,000 IVo y. i ---- -------- r .l I OHIO, —: j y t /■ '-'.lyV.VA/ COLO. $1,500,000,000 60,000,000 Oreg. j §1,000,000,000 55,000,000 Hans. Utah. Id a . /— ARIZ. SCALE: $500,000,000 Av. premium on gold, 25.3 UT*H. Ni S .j Rank State. Acres. ia5o I860 1870 1880 Total Area and Improved Farm Land, by States, 1880. cai«p 70,000,000 NevF______ A riz. 7 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 . T.MtX.. I 21 A verage premium! on g o ld , 25.3* 80,000,000 85,000,000 90,000,000 Mont. 95,000,000 D ak. -T e x . 100 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 125,00 0,00 0 150,000,000 Tex. C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS,. P late 97 P late 97 AG RICU LTU RE RETROSPECT, 100,000,000 B u shels. Census. 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 r,ooo, ooo,ooo 1,5 00,0 00,0 00 592,071,104 838,792,742 700,944,549 1,754,591,070 t M ■B -------: w mM m m mm. ..A . PRODUCT, PER SQUARE M IL E OF TOTAL AREA, B Y C O U N T IE S . R.THOliO (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) iW N B G SH iN E A O ISH 2>i 12; -TA . OT NGh NO A O ■R V R ^ T A E SE ■ T NI WN E 9 10: 9 j*Denver ' UT < MB 2'5 3 Product, per Square Mile of Total Area, by States, 1880. Bushels. scale: 100 Bushels per Sq. Mile. Wyo.. . Mont. . N e v ... Ida. .. A riz. . Wash.Oreg. . U tah.. Colo. . N. Mex C al.. . D a k ... M e .. . . Fla. .. T e x ... N .H ... Minn.. La. . . . Vt. . . . Mass.. R. C onn.. S. C. .. G a .. . . A r k ... Miss. . Ala. .. D .C . .. N .Y ... M ich .. W . Va. N.C. . . W is. . Y a .. . . N ebr.. Pa. . . . K ans.. N.J. .. T en n .. M d .... K y ,.. . Del. .. O h io.. M o .... Ind. .. Iow a . Ill____ ■ M ucheeI E .N INDEX, 1.3 1.9 4.3 5.1 12.7 13.5 32.1 58.5 110.8 149.9 187.2 217.7 220.4 223.5 343.7 I----------------388.1 389.9 393.3 455.3 460.5 493.8 495.8 539.4 565.2 571.7 576.7 628.6 725.7 859.0 1.018.5 1.294.1 1.495.7 1.503.3 1.619.5 1.821.3 1.986.8 2.744.7 2.944.8 3.215.8 4.957.9 5,817.7 Ala. -.21'Mo___ 4 A riz. .43 Mont. .40 Ark. ..23 N ebr.. 13 Cal. -.37 N e v ...45 Colo. .39 N .H ...32 Conn..26 N .J. ..10 D a k.. AO N .M ex38 D e l... 6 N .Y ... 19 D. C. ..20 N.C. ..16 Fla. ..34 O h io .. 5 Ga----- 24 Oreg. .41 Ida. ..4 4 Pa. ...1 2 111.. . . 1 It.I— 27 Ind. 3 S.C. ..25 Io w a .. 2 T enn .. 9 K ans.. 11 T e x ... 33 K y----- 7 Utah. AO La. ..3 0 V t___ 29 M e . . . . 35 Y a .. ..14 Md. . . 8 Wash. AH Mass. .28 W .V a. 17 M ich .. 18 W is ... 15 M inn ..31 Wyo. .47 b A8 l tQ OlCffJ'f^ BU S u n o r g a n iz e d : TERR. ; ----- -A H A C A A A T LR 'lOFSj; ^■fihuoue; EoS V"ta Fe' /D E 08 PC yO M G O 'N O •Lpe:'w;-' m ’08 T/ T >3 I Z / 'StE,TA No crop reported n.mex. ( p /g s ans Under 100 Bushels per Sq. Mile 100 and under 400 'fSCALERo a .PAC h e . — »-,2o o -— : j ^PG TAAo I 6,000 • . 2,000 2,000 3,0 0 0 3,500 4 ,0 0 0 4,000 4 ,5 0 0 8,000 and over, Indian Reservations \ iitouio Rank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 18 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Wyo. . Mont. . N e v ... Ida. . . D . C . .. A riz. . Wash.Oreg. . Utah.. R .I----Colo. . N . Mex M e.. . . N .H ... Mass.. C onn.. Cal. .. D a k .. . v t . ... Fla. .. Del. .. La. .. N.J. .. S.C. .. W. Va. Minn.. Md. .. Miss. . Ga. . . . A r k ... A la. .. N .Y ... N.C. .. T e x ... Va. . . . M ich .. Wis. .. Pa. . . . Tenn. N ebr.. K y .. . . K ans.. O h io .. Ind. .. M o .... Iow a .. Ill____ ‘Galveston Unsettled Parts. B ushels. 5,649 12,891 16,408 29,750 34,746 39,183 126,862 183,342 372,967 455,968 633,786 960,633 1,350,248 1,797,768 1,880,421 1,993,325 2,000,864 2,0i4,271 3,174,234 3,894,264 9,889,689 11,150.705 11,767,099 14,090.609 14,831,741 15,968,533 21,340,800 23,202,018 24,156,417 25,451,278 25,G O 156 O, 28,019,839 29,065,172 21), 119,761 32,461,452 34,230,579 45,821,531 62,764,429 65,450,135 72,852,263 105,729,325 111,877,124 115,482,300 202,414,413 275,021,247 325.792,481 BY STATES, 1880. r— J ._ NEBR. > KANS. tenn. H.MEX. E x p l a n a t o r y . - This exhibit is based upon the pro d u ct as com pared with the total area. The succeeding one is based upon the p rod u ct as com pared with the area planted.___________________________________________________ 100 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 120 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 14 0,00 0,00 0 160,000,000 18 0,00 0,00 0 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A IlL E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO NS. 2 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 P late 9 8 Rank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 AG RICU LTU RE Bush. Wyo. . Fla. . . S.C. . . Ga.. .. T e x ... N .C ... Ala. .. La. . . . Miss. . U tah.. N .M ex V a . - .. Wash.A r k ... A riz. . Del. .. Colo. . T en n .. D a k ... O r e g .. M d ..._ Ky. . . W . Va. N e v ... Cal. . . M ont.. Ida. .. D .C ... M e .. . . K ans.. R .I___ Ind. .. N.J. .. N .Y ... Pa. . . . M ass.. Wis. C onn.. M inn.. O hio.. M ich .. m ....... M o .... V t___ N .H ... N eb r.. Iow a . 8.8 9.0 9.1 11.7 12.1 12.3 13.3 13.5 13.6 15.2 16.4 18.5 18.6 19.1 19.2 19.8 21.6 22.0 22.4 24.1 24.1 24.9 26.4 27.7 28.6 28.8 28.8 30.9 30.9 31.3 31.3 32.3 32.9 33.3 33.6 33.7 33.7 33.8 34.8 35.2 36.1 36.2 36.4 36.8 40.1 41.5 ’25 ’26 ’27 ’28 ’9(1830)’1 ’32 ’33 ’34 ’35 ’36 ’37 ’38 ’9(1840)’1 ’42 ’43 ’44 ’45 ’46 ’47 ’48 ’9( 851 ’52 ’53 ’54 ’55 ’56 ’57 ’58 ’»( 801 ’62 ’63 ’si ’65 ’66 ’67 ’68 ’9 ( 870) ’l|*72! *73 ’74 ’75 ’76 *77 ’78 ’9 (80) _ i' 1 ■ 1 • -iv / ; “ . \ \ r i 1 T T T | ■ V 'i - 1' v . Ts "h A 1 V -A* \ / L > y X _L i A 1 ~Xi A T •f 1 1 1 - ■T • 1 y | A. Table of Low an H est d ighest Prices of Cheapest G C p B el, rade orn, er ush In N York, ew (From the “ American Almanac and Treasury of Facts,” 1881.) Year L. 1825 $0 1826 1827 1828 1829 A N N U A L EXPORT, 1860-1880. SCALE: $ 2 ,000,000 $ ■V ^| (Based on R eports o f the B ureau o f Statistics.) 2,399,808 6,890,865 10,387,383 10,592,704 3,404,398 3,849,758 11,070,395 14,871,092 13,094,036 6,820,719 1870 1,287,575 1871 7,458,997 1872 23,984,365 1873 23,794,694 1874 24,769,951 1875 24,456,937 1876 33,265,280 1877 41,621,245 1878 48,030,358 1879 40,655,120 1880 53,298,247 I 0’ ’62 ’63 ’64 ’65 ’66 ’67 ’68 ’9 (}»• 0)’l *72 ’73 ’74 *75 »76 ’77 *78 ’9 (80) )l SCALE—Each space b etw een the price lines represents five cents. 1860 $ 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 , f X ’25 ’26 ’27 ’28 ’9( 830)’ 1 ’32 ’331 ’34 ’35 ’36 ’37 ’38 ’9( 1840)’l ’42 ’43 ’44 ’45 ’46 ’47 ’48 ’9( 1850)’1 ’52 ’53 ’54 ’55 ’56 ’57 ’58 ’9 ( 180 Value. lL i\ A A Highest Lowest — hf N i $ 0 1.0 / 1 / i 10, 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 $ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 H. Year. 42 $0 75 1853 62 83 1854 54 75 1855 62 1856 46 64 1857 48 65 1858 1S I) 48 S 1831 54 75 1859 1832 50 87 1800 1833 65 86 1861 53 75 1862 18*4 1835 70 1 12 1863 1836 83 1 12 1864 1837 1 00 1 15 1865 1838 76 1 00 1866 1839 75 98 1867 Isto 46 63 1868 1841 47 S1 1869 1842 54 68 1870 1843 48 60 1871 1844 43 54 1872 1845 45 85 18.3 1846 55 80 1874 1847 64 1 10 1875 1848 52 78 1876 1849 70 1877 57 1850 55 72 1878 1851 53 68 1879 1852 62 78 1880 L. H. $0 64 $0 82 98 76 93 1 15 94 48 98 71 58 1 03 76 1 05 95 64 48 74 75 50 68 1 23 t 25 1 97 70 97 80 1 32 1 00 1 40 1 41 1 01 75 1 16 76 1 15 65 90 61 80 50 77 53 84 49 76 49 38 58 41 60 45 64 44 61 48* C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S. i P late 98 P late 99 P late 9 9 3 ? m 900 „ 1,500 .. » ft . ip 6 I V 'i p T Total Product, by States, 1880. „ 27 Rank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 R .I .--. Fla. .. Wyo. . La. . . . D .C ... M ass.. Conn.. N e v ... A riz. . N .II... Miss. . Vt. . . . M ont.. Id a . .. M e .... N .M ex S.C. -U t a h .. Del. .. A r k ... Colo. . Ala. .. N.J. .. W a s h .- T e x ... Dak. ._ Ga. . . . N.C. .. W. Va. T enn .. O r e g .. V a .. . . M . . <1. K y .... N .Y ... N ebr.. Kans.. Pa___ W is ... M o .... Cal. .. Iow a.Minn.. M ich.. O h io.. Ind. .. Ill____ Bushels. 240 422 4,674 5,0:34 6,402 15,768 38,742 69,298 136,427 169,316 218,890 337,257 469,688 540,589 665,714 706,641 962,358 1,169,199 1,175,272 1,269,715 1,425,014 1,529,657 1,901,739 1,921,322 2,567,737 2,8:30,289 3,159,771 3.397,393 4,001,711 7,331,353 7.480,010 7.826,174 8.(X)4,864 11,356,113 11,587,766 13,847,007 17,324,141 19,462,406 24,884,689 24,966,627 29,017,707 31,154,205 34.601,030 35,532,543 46,014,869 47,284,853 51,110,502 Ala. --2ttiMo-----8 A riz. .39 Mont. .35 Ark. ..28 Nebr.,12 7 N ev...40 4,000,000 Bushels. Colo. .27 N .H ...38 C onn..41 N.J. ..25 Dak. ..22 N.Mex32 8 ,000,000 Del. ..29 N .Y ...13 D. C. ..43 N.C. ..20 Fla. ..46 O h io.. 3 Ga. ...21;O reg. .17 12,000,000 Ida. ..34 Pa___ 10 111____1 R .I— 47 Ind. . . 2 S.C. ..31 16,000,000 Iow a .. 6 Tenn. .18 K a n s..ll T e x . ..23 Ky. ..14 U ta h ..30 La. ...4 4 Vt. ...3 6 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 M e ....33 V a .. ..16 Md___15 Wash.-24 Mass. .42 W .Va. 19 24,000,000 M ich .. 4 W is.. . 9 M inn.. 5 Wyo. .45 Miss. .371 SC ALE: 28,000,000 32,000,000 36,000,000 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 44,000,000 48,000,000 52,000,000 _L Fla. .. Wyo. . La. . . . R. I— N e v ... A riz. . M ass.. Mont. . Miss. . N . Mex Ida. C onn.. T e x ... Colo. . U tah.. N .H ... D a k... M e .... A r k ... Ala. .. Wash. S. C. .. Y t. . . . G a .. . . N .C .. O r e g .. 79.1 D .C ... 106.7 Cal. .. 121.9 W . V a. 162.3 T en n .. 175.6 N ebr.. 181.7 V a .. . . 194.9 K ans.. 212.0 N .Y ... 243.3 N.J. .. 255.0 K y ... . 283.9 M o ,... 363.2 Pa. . . . 432.6 M inn.. 436.8 W is ... 457.0 561.5 Iow a . Del. .. 599.6 M ich.. 618.7 Md. .. 811.8 Ill....... 912.6 O h io .. 1,128.9 Ind. .. 1,316.7 Ala. ..28 M o ....11 A riz. .42 Mont. .40 A r k .. .29 N ebr.. 17 Cal. ..20 N e v ...43 Colo. .34 N .H ...32 C onn..36 N.J. ..13 Da>c... 31 N.MexW, D el... 6 N .Y ...14 D C . . . 21 N.C. ..23 Fla. ..47 O h io .. 2 Ga___ 24 Oreg. .22 Ida. ..37 Pa. ...1 0 111_____ 3 R .I... .44 Ind. . . 1 S.C. ..26 Io w a .. 7 T enn .. 18 Kans.. 15 T e x . ..35 Ky___ 12 Utah. . 33 La. ..4 5 V t ___ 25 M e . . . . 30 V a .. ..16 Md. . . AW ash.-27 Mass. .41 W .V a. 19 Mich . 5 W is ... 8 M inn.. 9 Wyo. .46 Miss. .3 9 1 _______ E x p l a n a t o r y . — Th is exhibit is based upon the p ro d uct as com pared with the total area. The succeeding one is based upon the p rod u ct as com pared with the area planted. _/ C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO NS. f P late 1 0 0 P late 1 0 0 AG RICU LTU RE WHEAT Y IEL D PER ACRE OF AREA SO W N B Y C O U N TIE S. [FT.BERTHOLO 8T »,7°2 9 (Based I tlie Returns of the Tenth Census.) / ‘'. D E V IL S L A K E ! , { ™ ! 1 ,0 8 0 ----- icD G SH A O lSH w h it e I Ea RTW 1880 O T NGI NO A O 2,6b0[ LEECH P IN E O T .136 ; . 2 {j! y.N. WP ark |603?*M 1 62 , C3 I M iRacine :W & > ea < , Yield, per Acre of Area Sown, Rank State. Bush. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 3.3 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.6 5.7 6.1 6.2 6.6 6.8 8.6 9.3 9.4 9.8 10.1 10.2 10.6 11.3 12.0 12.6 12.7 13.4 13.4 13.7 14.0 14.1 15.0 15.1 15.1 15.7 15.8 15.8 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.8 17.6 18.0 18.4 18.8 19.3 19.4 22.0 22.5 23.5 24.4 26.5 La. . . . Miss. . N .C ... F la .. . s . c . .. Ala. .. Tenn.. A r k ... G a .. . . T e x ... Va. . . Kans.. N ebr.. K V ---. W .V a. Iow a . D ak. . . Minn.. M o .... N .J. .. W is ... P a .. .. Del. .. N. Mex M d .... R .I— N .H ... Me. . . A riz. . N .Y ... in ____ Cal. .. Utah. . v t . ... M ass.. Orejr.. C onn.. O h io.. Ind. .. N e v ... Wyo. . M ich .. Colo. . D C ... Wash.Ida. .. Mont. . , Ala. . 42J o ....29 M A riz. .19 1 Mont. . 1 A rk .. .401 ebr.. 35 N Cal. . 161 e v ... 8 N Colo. . N .H ...21 Conn. N.J. ..28 D a k .. .31 j Mex 24 N. Del. 251 .Y ...1 8 N D .C .. 41 .C ...45 N Fla. . .44 O h io .. 10 Ga. 39 0reg. .12 Ida. . . 2 Pa. ...2 6 17 R .I-----22 Ind. . 8.C. ..43 Iowa. Tenn..41 Kans. T ex. ..38 Ky. U tah.A h La. .. Vt. ...1 4 M e ... Va. ...3 7 Wash.- 3 M d ... Mass. W .V a.33 W is. ..27 Mich. Wyo. _ 7 Minn. Miss.. 15] 11 1 241 03 1 KICKAPC UNORGANIZED ii J ce0 (> . 6M o 2IA O 2U N . EI TERR, j Ma F / ‘ [wco* h No crop reported , 6a o ^3' n ia HAGuna 11 1. Under 5 Bushels per Acre N. MEX. 5 and under 8 Bushels per Acre.— SPRINGS A Pa C H£ — J,200- - . DE W HEAT FOR 56 yEAWB Lowest and Highest Prices, p^r Busljel, in New York, (Based on the accom panying tab! ’oasaori $ 2.00 20 Bushels and over, o f prices.) ’9 (1 8 5 0 ),l $ 2 .0 0 Indian Reservations Table of Low and H est ighest Prices of C heapest G rade W heat, p er B ushel, In N York, ew $1.50 Highest $ 1.00 — . — Lowest 1.00 $ SI 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 06 02 25 62 75 15 35 35 28 11 0 1 250 1 2 20 1 0 237 0 1 Lowest 1 25 1 50 1 30 12 0 1 12 Yearj ^Galveston Unsettled Parts (From " T h e American Alm anac and Treaaury o f Facta,” 1881. Value. 1S O ft 4,076,704 C 1861 38,313,624 1802 42,578,295 1803 46,754,195 1804 31,432,131 1865 19,398,028 1800 7,842,749 1867 7,822,555 1808 30,247,632 1809 24,383,259 1870 47,171,229 1871 45,143,424 1872 38,915,060 1873 51,452,254 1874 101,421,459 1875 59,607,863 1876 68,382,899 1877 47.135,562 1878 96,872,016 1879| 130,701,079 1880 190.546,305 1 1 1 1 1 1 40 35 95 40 35 50 1 22 1 15 BY STATES, 1853 $1 22 1854 1 75 1855 1 96 1856 1 30 1857 1 25 1858 1 20 1859 1 30 1860 1 35 18C1 1 20 1862 1 30 1863 1 25 1864 1 72 1865 1 25 1866 2 20 1867 2 30 1868 2 05 1869 1 45 1870 1 40 1871 1 45 1872 1 65 1873 1 55 93 1874 1875 92 84 1876 1877 1 06 1878 1879 1880 NEBR. KANS. n .m e x . E x p l a n a t o r y ,—This exhibit is based upon the pro d uct as com pared w ith the area planted. The p reced ing one is based upon the p rod u ct as com pared w ith the total area. $ 100 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ ,0 0 0 110 0 ,0 0 $ 120 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $130,000,000 $ 1 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 1 50,0 00,0 00 C O P Y R I G H T , 1 8 8 3 , B Y U M m i i l e s S U K l B N t K 'S s u iN o . $ 1 60,0 00,0 00 $1 70,0 00,0 00 $1 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $190,0 00,0 00 I P late 101 P late 10 J, No crop reported_________________ Under 20 Bushels per Sq. M ile ______ 20 and under 100 Bushels per Sq. M ile.. a Total Product, by States, 1880. Rank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 8 2 1 A riz. . D .C ... Wyo. . N. Mex R .I— N e v ... La. . . . Del. . . U tah.. Ida. . . Fla. .. Colo. M ass.. Mont. . Conn.. N .1I... Cal. .. Wash.Md. .. W. Va. Miss. . Dak. .. A r k ... M e .. . . S.C. .. Ala. .. N.J. .. v t . ... N .C ... O r e g .. K y ... . Term.. T e x ... V a .. . . Ga___ N ebr.. K ans.. Ind. .. M ich.. M o .... Minn.. O h io.. W is ... P a .. . . N .Y ... Iow a . Ill....... Bushels. 564 7,440 22,512 156,527 159,339 186,860 229,840 378,508 418,082 462,236 468,112 640,900 645,159 900,915 1,009,706 1,017,620 1,341,271 1,571,706 1,794,872 1,908,505 1,959,620 2,217,132 2,219,822 2,265.575 2,715,505 3,039,639 3,710,573 3,742,282 3,838,068 4,385,650 4,580,738 4,722,190 4,893,359 5,333,181 5,548,743 6,555,875 8,180,385 15,599,518 18,190.793 20,670,958 23,382,158 28,664,505 32,905,320 33,841,439 37,575,506 50,610,591 63,189,200 4,000,000 Bushels. , 8 0 00,000 12, 000,000 16,000,000 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 24,000,000 28,000,000 *> tt 1,500 Bushels per Sq. M ile and over,_ - ^ IN D E X . SCALE: 1,500 Ala. ..22 M o___ 8 A riz. AT Mont. .34 Ark. ..25 N e b r..l2 Cal. --31|Nev...42 Colo. .36 N .I I ...32 Conn. .33; N .J. ..21 Dak. ..26 N .M ex 44 Del. .-40!n .Y .. . 3 D .C ..A S N.C. ..19 Fla. ..37 O h io .. 6 Ga. ...1 3 Oreg. .18 Ida. ..38 Pa. . . . 4 111 __ 1 R .I ....4 3 Ind. ..lO S .C . ..23 Io w a .. 2 T e n n ..l6 K a n s ..ll T ex. ..15 K y-----17 U ta h.. 39 La___ 41 V t------20 M e ....24 V a ----- 14 Md— 29 Wash.-SO M ass..35W .Y a.28 M ich .. 9 'W is ... 5 Minn.. 7i Wyo. .45 Miss. .271 Rauk 30,000,000 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 44,000,000 48,000,000 52,000,000 56,000,000 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 64,000,000 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State. Bushels. A riz. . .005 Wyo. . .2 1.2 N .M ex N e v ... 1.7 U tah.. 5.0 La. . . . 5.0 Ida. .. 5.4 Mont.. 6.1 Colo. . 6.1 Cal. .. 8.5 Fla. .. 8.6 D ak... 15.0 T e x ... 18.6 Wash.. 23.5 A r k ... 41.8 42.2 Miss. . 46.3 O r e g .. 58.9 Ala. .. Me___ 75.7 77.4 W . Va. N .C ... 79.0 80.2 Mass.. N ebr.. 86.0 90.0 S.C. .. 94.0 Ga___ 1( 0.1 K ans.. K y ... . 112.0 113.0 N .H ... 113.1 Term .. 124.0 D .C ... 132.9 V a ----146.8 R .I----Md. . . 182.0 Del. .. 193.1 208.4 Conn.. 295.2 Minn.. M o .... 300.7 M ich.. 316.7 409.6 Vt. . . . 434.4 Ind. .. N.J. .. 497.7 604.3 W is ... 703.2 O h io.. 752.2 P a .. . . 789.0 N .Y ... 912.3 Iow a.in ____ 1,128.3 Indian Reservations_____ _______ C onn..13 N .J. . . 7 Dak. . .36 N .M ex45 Del. --1 4 N .Y ... 3 D .C . ..18 N.C. -.27 Fla. ..37!O h io .. 5 Ga___ 2% Oreg. .31 Ida. ..4 1 !Pa. . . . 4 111____ 1 R .I .-.1 S Ind. .. 8JS.C. -.24 I o w a . 2,Tenn..l9 Kans..22 T ex. -.35 K y___ 21 U ta h ..43 La. . ..42| V t___ 9 M e ...,29 V a . . . . 17 Md. ..15 Wash. 34 Mass. .26 W .V a.28 M ich.. 10 W is .. . 6 Minn..12 Wyo. .46 Miss. .32 Unsettled Parts____ ___________ E x p l a n a t o r y This exhibit is based upon the pro d u ct as com pared with the total area. The succeeding one is based upon the p rod u ct as com pared w ith th e area planted. 1,000 1,200 I C O P Y R IG H T . 1883. BY C H A R G E S S C R IB N E R 'S SO N S. f P late 102 P late 102 AG-BIOULTUKE S p /V N \ )l^" KEY Yield, per Acre of Area Sown, by States, 1880. Rank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 N .C ... La. . . . G a .. . . Ala. . . V a .. . . Fla. . . Miss. . T en n .. S.C. .. K y .. . . A r k ... W. Va. N. Mex M d .... K ans.. A riz. . Tex. .. Mo. .. U tah.. Del. .. Ind. .. N eb r.. Cal. .. N.J. . . C on n .. Wyo. . Pa. . . . D. C ... Colo. . D a k ... R .I .— M e .... Oreg. . N .Y ... M ass.. O h io . . N e v ... 111. . .. Iow a . M ich .. Wis. .. N .H ... Ida. .. M o n t.. V t____ Minn.. Wash.- Bash. 7.6 8.5 9.0 9.3 9.4 9.7 9.8 10.0 10.3 SC A L E : 3 Bushels per A cre. 6 9 12 15 No crop reported................................ /* Under 10 Busliels per A cre_____ 18 IN D E X . 21 27 30 10 and under 18 Busliels per Acre.. Ala. . .44 M o ... .30 A riz. .32 Mont. . 4 A rk.. .37 Nebr. .26 Cal. . .25 N ev.. .11 Colo. .19 N.H.. 6 Conn. .23 N.J. . .24 D ak.. .18 N.M exSh Del. . .28 N .Y .. .14 D .C .. .20 N.C. . .47 Fla. . .42 Ohio. .12 G a ... .45 Oreg. .15 Ida. . 5 Pa. . . .21 111.- . . .10 R .I.—.17 Ind. . .27 S.C. . .39 Iowa. . 9 Tenn. .40 Kans. .33 T e x .. .31 K y ... .88 Utah. 29 La. . . .46 Vt. .. 3 M e ... 16 V a ... .43 M d ... .34 Wash - 1 Mass. .13 W .V a.36 M idi. 8 W is .. 7 Minn. 2 Wyo. .22 Miss. 41 r, 40 Busliels and over, Indian Reservations... E x p o r t . —The exp ort o f oats has been small. U ntil 1870, the records reported oats with rye and other m inor grains. Between 1870 and 1880 the values o f the tota l annual exp ort o f oats only, varied from $76,528 to $1,618,644. Table of Low an H est d ighest Prices of Cheapest G rade O ats, p er B ushel, in N York. ew WYO. 4 (From the “ American Almanac and Treasury of Facts,” 1881.) 1880. PRICE-CH A RT OF TH E C H EA PEST GRADE O AT S FOR 56 YEARS. (Based on the a ccom panying table o f prices.) $ l Of 18401*1 *07 *G > 187p)»lj»72 H 9f *9f l 850)»l nn) <o 22. 1 t 50c. 40c. 40c. m Highest" 20c. 1S 0 3 ^ighest 50c. owest 30c. - Lowesr 10c. *27 > 9(188Q), l 28l’ *2»|’34 *35P36 W ^38 ^ 33 3 184U)U TO ’62 21 S C A L E — Each space betw een the price lines represents five cents. *67l*68l*9(1870)»l *72, *73 *75 *76 w ^79(80) L. 18SB S0 1820 1827 1828 1829 Lowest and Highest Prices, per Bushel, in New York 57 S T 7S T Year. 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 IM U 1811 1812 1843 1844 1845 181(1 1817 1818 1849 IS5(i 1851 1852 H. Year. L. !!!;| iJSiWU. 1. H. C< 20 $0 40 1853 $0 41 $0 52 60 1854 45 42 75 42 82 31 56 1855 35 50 24 37 1856 40 66 46 1857 27 40 53 26 40 18.58 36 48 1859 58 27 56 I8 0 38 6 37 47 30 30 48 1861 47 28 48 1862 37 67 75 1863 53 90 33 75 1864 86 1 02 40 75 1865 45 90 40 25 60 1866 55 85 94 30 60 1867 67 24 43 1868 Nominal. 37 50 1869 62 84 25 70 52 53 18 69 34 1871 42 70 27 42 27 37 1872 57 29 51 1873 42 58 28 48 1874 38 53 65 1875 39 30 64 32 51 1876 28 35 33 49 1877 22 46 51 1878 29 45 37 65 80 1879 31 50 75 86 18 0 36 49 S o l. KN A S. "ask. r \ \ Sp l ‘ iw * fl *f \ °T f C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, BY C H A B l e S S C R IB N E R ’S SO NS. ( nebr .- . wu WiUJlUI. M u,.— U^UU VUW ULV* U V/\* d uct as com pared w ith the area planted. The preceding one is based upon the p rod u ct as com pared w ith the total area. . 23 P late 103 AG RICU LTU RE R O ETR SPECT. Census. Bushels. 1850 1860 4,000,000 Bushels. 5,167,015 15,825,898 29,761,305 43,997,495 1870 1880 BARLEY PRODUCT, PER SQUARE MILE OF TOTAL AREA. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Milwaukee" R a cin e I Rank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 D .C ... Bushels. J ittle R o c k SCALE: Wyo. . Fla. .. Miss. . Del. .. A r k ... N .C ... N.J. .. Ala. .. Md. .. W. Va. Conn.V a___ 210 348 523 1,952 2,421 4,091 5.281 6,097 9,740 12,286 14,223 s.c... 16,257 It. I ---17,783 G a .... 18.662 T enn .. 30,019 Mont. . 39,970 N .M e x 50,053 T e x ... 72,786 N .H ... 77,877 M a s s .. 80,128 Colo. . 107,116 M o .... 123,031 U tah.. 217,140 A riz. . 239,051 M e ___ 242,185 V t. . . . 267 625 Ida. .. 274,750 Dak. ._ 277,424 K a n s .. 300,273 Ind. .. 382,835 I>a. . . . 438,100 486,326 K.V.— N ev ... 513,470 Wash.566,537 O reg .. 920,977 M ich.. 1,204,316 m....... 1,229,523 Ohio.. 1,707,129 Sebr.. 1,744,686 Minn.. 2,972,965 I o w a . 4.022,588 W is... 5,043,118 N .Y ... Cal. .. 4 000,000 Bushels. f / ARK. No crop -------{ • S hreveport MISS. Under 5 V ick s b u rg 5, a n d u 1 Hatch* 8,000,000 IN D E X . 12,000,000 16,000,000 .San Antonio Ala. .38 M o ... .23 A riz. .21 Mont. .29 A rk.. .41 Nebr. . 6 Cal. . 1 N ev.. .12 Colo. .24 N.H. .26 Conn -35 N .J .. .39 Dak. .17 N.M ex 28 Del. .42 N.Y, . 2 D .C .. -47 N.C. .40 Fla. .44 Ohio. . 7 G a .. . .31 Oreg. .10 Id a . . .18 Pa .14 i n .. .. . 8 It. I ... .32 Ind. .15 S.C. -33 Iow a . 4 Tenn. .30 Kans .16 T ex.. 27 K y ... .13 Utah. .22 L a ... .46 V t ,. 19 M e... .20 Va 34 M d... .37 Wash -11 Mass. .25 W Va 36 Mich. . 9 Wis 3 Minn. 5 Wyo. 45 Miss. .43 Iveston 10 0 ta s ffie 500 and Product, per Square M of Total A 1880. ile rea, R an k 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 R O ETR SPECT. Bushels. State 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 Fla. .. Miss. . A r k ... N .C ... Ala. .. Del. .. M ont.. T e x ... [G a .... V a ___ W .Va. N. Mex S.C. .. N.J. .. M d .... Bushels R an k .003 .01 .04 .05 .10 .27 .28 .28 .32 .35 .40 .41 .54 .55 .62 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 State Bushels R an k Tenn.Colo. . M o .... D a k... A riz. . Conn.U tah.. Ida. .. Kans.. N e v ... M e .... Wash.N .H ... Pa. . . . O re g .. .72 1.03 1.79 1.88 2.12 2.54 2.64 3.26 3.68 4.68 8.10 8.47 8.65 9.74 9.74 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 G 5 4 3 2 1 State Bushels Mass.. 9.97 Ind. .. 10.66 K y ... . 12.16 R .I___ 16.39 M ich.. 20.97 Ill....... 21.96 N ebr.. 22.90 V t. . . . 29.30 Minn.. 37.54 O h io.. 41.88 I o w a . 72.51 Cal. .. 79.90 W is ... 92.62 N .Y ... 163.63 4,000,000 Bushels. PRODUCT, PER SQUARE MILE OF TOTAL AREA. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) ’drtland Peoria Total Product, by States, 1880, Rank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 34 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bushels. Santa F t VUiniWf101 CoTuroibl* • Q C. . A riz. . Wyo. . N. ile x M ont.. La. . . . Fla. .. M .C ... Ida. .. Miss. . Del. .. Wash.U tah.. R .I— O reg .. Colo. A r k ... Dak. .. T e x ... M e .... S.C. .. Ala. .. N .II... Vt. . . . G a .. . . W. Va. T enn .. Cal. . M ass.. M inn.. N .C ... M d .... M ich.. Ind. .. V a . ... Conn.. O h io.. Kans-. N ebr.. M o .... K y .... N.J. .. Iow a . W is... N .Y ... in ....... P a .. . . 78 240 430 1,013 2,965 3,704 4,341 5,134 5,953 7,124 9,605 12,997 13,305 19,465 22,387 24,359 25,399 26,398 27,049 28,402 34,6:48 71,733 101,716 113,181 156,419 181,681 213,716 215,215 285,160 288,067 294,918 303,105 324,431 370,733 389,221 413,181 424,348 535,426 668,050 949,064 1,518,605 2,298,513 2,634,690 3,121,785 3,683,621 Under 5 Bushels per Sq. Mile 6, and under 10, per Sq. Mile Ala. . .26 M o ... . 8 A riz. .47 Mont. .43 A r k .. .31 Nebr. . 9 C a l. . .20 N ev.. .41) C o lo . .32 N.H.. .25 C o n n .12 N.J. . . 6 D a k .. .30 N .M ex 44 D e l. . .37 N .Y .. 3 D .C .. .40 N.C. . - i r Fla. . .41 O h io. .11 G a . .. .23 Oreg - 33 Ida. . . 8 9 Pa. .. - 1 111. . . . . 2 R .I... .34 Ind. . .14 S.C. . .27 Iowa. . 5 Tenn. .21 Kans .10 T e x .. .29 K y .-- . 7 Utah. .35 La. .. .42 Vt. .. .24 M e... .28 V a ... .13 M d ... .16 Wash -36 Mass. .19 W .Va .22 Mich .15 Wis. . 4 M in n .18 Wyo. .45 Miss. .38 P roduct, per Square M of Total A 1880. ile rea, Rn State Bushels Rn State ak ak 4 Wyo. . .0 0 3 M e .... 5 07 0 4 N .M ex .0 1 29 S.C. .. 4 0 4 M ont.. .0 2 2 Cal. .. 3 0 8 4 L a .. . . .0 27 Ga___ 2 2 41 Ida. .. .0 2 Minn.. 5 6 4 Fla. . . .0 25 Del. .. 0 5 3 T e x .. . .10 2 T enn.. 9 4 3 irosA- .11 23 N .H ... 8 37 Miss. . .11 22 W .V a. 3 Utah.. .12 2 K a n s 6 1 3 O reg.. .14 2 M ich .. 5 0 3 D a k ... .16 19 N ebr.. 4 33 C o lo .. .19 18 N .C ... 32 A rk ... .4 17 M o .... 2 3 A la ... .55 16 v t.... 1 C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SO N S. Bushels .8 8 .9 0 1.16 1.72 2.72 3.0 4 3.75 3.8 5 4.59 5.0 6 5.14 5.57 5.87 7.79 7.85 Rn State Bushels ak 15 Va.... 8 9 .0 14 Ind. .. 8 .44 13 O h io .. 9.55 12 R.I.... 11.98 11 Ky.... 16.70 10 Mass.. 26.58 9 I o w a . 27,37 8 Md. .. 29.22 7 W is ... 42.21 6 N .Y ... 55.33 5 Ill____ 55.75 4 D .C ... 61.73 3 Conn.- 76.52 2 P a .. . . 81.89 1 In .j . .. 127.31 Unsettled parts ^G-IRICTTLTTTIRE RETROSPECT. Census. 1850 1860 /8 7 0 1880 Bushels. P late 10 4 4,000,000 Bushels. BUCKWHEAT, 8,956,912 17,671,818 9,821,721 11,817,327 PRODUCT, PER SQUARE MILE OF TOTAL AREA, (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) >«Iand ■ D ubuque* IO W A Des Moines Omaha* * ?«*# City / lincoln* P e o r ia j iN D . i |mdianapolis w&Wa h Santa F « Coiui»1>u8 Cincinnati Columbia X Poet f Jttle Wmm. .A tla n ta rleston, Total Product, by States, Rank State. 36 35 34 33 32 81 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ------------------- j ! j M |S S . •Shreveport Vicksburg ALA Under 5 Bushels per Sq. Mile Montgoi Bushels. 5, and under 10, per Sq. Mile Colo. . 110 A la . .. 363 G a .. . . 402 Mont. . 437 T e x ... 535 A r k ... 548 R .I— 1,254 SCA Wash.2,498 D a k ... 2,521 4, Del. .. 5,857 O reg.. 6,215 K y .... 9,942 N ebr.. 17,562 Cal. .. 22,307 Kans.. 24,421 Tenn.. 33,434 Minn.. 41,756 N .C ... 44,668 Mo. .. 57,640 Mass.. 67,117 Ind. . . 89,707 N .II... 94,090 V a . ... 136,004 l M d .... 136,667 C onn.. 137,563 166,895 l Iow a .. Ill____ 178,859 O h io.. 280,229 1 W . Va. 285,298 1 W is ... 299,107 i V t. . . . 356,618 I M e .... 382,701 V M ich.. 413,062 N.J. .. 466,414 P a .. . . 3,593,326 N .Y ... 4,461,200 Natchez M b . b ile Jacksonvl # San Antonio lalveston 1,000 Bushels. IN D E X , Ala. ..3 5 M o .... 18 A r k .. .31 Mont. .33 Cal. .. 2 3 N eb r..24 Colo. .36N .H ...15 C onn-12 N.J. . . 3 -D o*...28 N .Y ... 1 Del. .. 2 7 N.C -.19 Ga___ 34|Ohio.- 9 111-------10 Oreg. .26 Ind. - .1 6 P a .. . . 2 lo w a .- l l R .I....3 0 Kans. .22 Tenn..21 K y . . - 2 5 T e x .-.32 M e .... 5 V t___ 6 M d___ 13 V a 14 M ass..l7 Wash.-29 M ich.. 4 W .Va. 8 Minn..20 W is .. . 7 Unsettled parts. Product, per Square Mile of Total Area, 1880. Rank 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 Bushels Rank State Colo. . .001 T e x ... .002 Mont. . .003 G a .. . . .01 Ala. .. .01 A r k ... .01 Dak. .. .02 .04 Wash.O re g .. .07 .14 Cal. .. N ebr.. .23 .25 K y ... . 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 State Bushels Rank Kans.. Minn.. Tenn.. M o .... N .C ... R .I— Ind. . . Del. .. Iow a.m ____ V a -.. W is ... .30 .53 .80 .84 .92 1.16 2.50 2.99 3.01 3.19 3.39 5.49 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State Bushels O h io.. M ich .. M ass.. N .II... W . Va. M e .... Md. .. Conn.. v t . ... N .J. .. P a .... N .Y ... 6.87 7.19 8.35 10.45 11.58 12.80 13.86 28.39 39.04 62.56 79.88 93.68 RETROSPECT. Census. Tons. 1850 I860 3870 1880 IH P p H m f 13,888,642 19,083,896 27,316,048 36,2 05,712 PRODUCT, PER SQUARE MILE i t e * i OF TOTAL AREA. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) PH land luffalo Milwaukee* Racine Dubuque1 iN D. Indianapolis Total Product, by States, 1880, Rank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Fla. .. S.C. -D .C ... A riz. . N .M ex Miss. . A la ... G a .. . . A rk ... Wyo. . L a .. . . Ida. .. Del. .. T e x ... Mont. . R .I— C o lo .. Utah.. N .C ... N ev ... Wash.Tenn.. K y .... W .V a. M d .... O reg.. Va. . . D a k ... N.J. .. C onnN .H ... Mass.. N ebr.. V t.. .. M o .... M e .... Cal. .. I n d ... M ich.. Kans.. Minn.. W is ... O h io.. P a . . .. Tons. 149 2,706 3,759 5,606 7,650 8,894 10,363 14,409 23,295 23,413 37,029 40,053 49,632 59,699 63,947 79,328 85,062 92,735 93,711 95,853 106,819 186,698 218,739 232,338 264,468 266,187 287,255 308,036 518,990 557,860 583,069 684,679 785,433 1,051,1 as 1,077,458 1,107.788 1,135,180 1,361,083 1,393,888 1,589,987 1,636,912 1,896,969 2,210,923 2,811,654 3,280,319 I o w a . 3,6i3,941 N .Y ... 5,240,563 jMempWf.. Cdlurnlila ^ SCALE: Atlanta No crop reported Under 10 Tons per Sq. Mile. jomery 10, and under 20, per Sq. Mile. IN D E X , 3 500,000 Ala. . .41 M o ... 13 A riz. .44 Mont. .33 A r k .. .30 Nebr. .15 Cal. . .11 N ev.. .28 Colo. .31 N.II.. .17 Conn. .18 N.J. . .19 D a k .. .20 X .ilex 4 3 Del. . .35 N .Y .. . 1 I). C . . .45 N .C .. .29 Fla. . .47|Ohio. . 5 G a .. . .40 Oreg. .22 Ida. . .36 Pa.. . . 4 111.. . . 8 K .l... .32 Ind. . 10 8.(7. . .46 Iowa. . 2 Tenn. .26 Kans. . 8 T e x .. .34 Ky. . .25 Utah. .30 La. . . .37 Vt. .. .14 M e ... .12 Va,.. .21 M d ... .23 Wash -27 Mass. .16 W .Va .24 Mich. . 9 W i s .. . 6 Minn. . 7 Wyo. .38 Miss. 42 # Antonio San Product, per Square Mile o f Total Ana, 1880. Rank 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 ra....... C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO NS. State Fla. .. A riz. . .V. ile x S.C. . . Miss. . Ala. .. T e x ... Wyo. . G a.. .. A r k ... Mont. . Ida. .. La. . . . Colo. . N e v ... Utah.. Tons. .002 .05 .06 .09 .19 .20 .23 .24 .24 .44 .44 .48 .82 .82 .87 1.18 Rank State Tons. Rank 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 Wash.N .C .. . Dak. .. O r e g .. T enn.. K y ... . V a— Cal— W .V a. N ebr.. M o .... K ans.. M inn.. M ich.. Del. .. Md. .. 1.60 1.93 2.09 2.82 4.47 5.47 7.16 7.28 9.43 10.31 15.68 19.46 20.67 24.27 25.32 26.82 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State Unsettled parts. Tons. W is ... 34.84 M e .... 37.06 Ind. . . 37.90 O h io .. 54.24 in ____ 58.58 P a . . . . 62.50 D .C ... 62.65 N .II... 64.75 Iow a .- 65.15 N.J. . . 69.62 73.11 R .I— Mass.. 85.16 N .Y ... 110.05 v t . . . . 115.07 Conn.- 115.14 P late 105 AGEICTJLTUEE RETROSPECT. Censu*. 20,000,000 Bushels. Bushels. IRISH POTATOES 1850 65,797,896 1860 111,148,867 1870 143,337,473 1880 169,458,539 PRODUCT, PER SQUARE MILE OF TOTAL AREA. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) >rtlana Ttacih* IO W A Des Moines Lincoln* IN D . O tU ° w ' f t Colvnul>uS J Cincinnati ... ! Xndia^apoUs Total Product, by States, 1880, Ran] State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 87 36 35 34 33 ‘62 31 30 29 26 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 Fla. .. N .M ex A riz. . Wyo. . D .C ... S.C. .. Ida. .. La. . . . Mont. . T e x ... Ga___ Del. .. N e v ... Miss. . Ala. .. Colo. A r k ... U tah.. R .l— Dak. .. N .C ... Wash.Term .. O reg .. W .Ya. Md. .. V a— N ebr.. K y ..Conn.Kans.. M ass.. N .H ... N .J ... M o .... V t. . . . C a l.... M inn.. Ind. .. M e .... Bushels. 20,221 21,883 26,249 30,986 33,064 144,942 157,307 180,115 228,702 228,832 249,590 283,864 302,143 303,821 334,925 383,123 402,027 573,595 606,793 664,086 722,773 1,035,177 1,354,481 1,359,930 1,398,539 1,497,017 2,016,766 2,150,893 2,269,890 2,584,262 2,894,198 3,070,389 3,358,828 3,563,793 4,189,694 4,438,172 4,550,565 5,184,676 6,232,246 7,999,625 S C A L E :• 4,000, v Columbia *s.c. KEY •Atlant ileston, No crop reported___________ 8 000,000 Under 10 Bushels per Sq. Mile Montgomery | .Shreveport 10, and under 50, per Sq. Mile 12, 000,000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 50 „ » 100 » 100 „ „ 200 „ 200 „ „ 500 „ 500 „ „ 1,000» 1,000 and over, > i___ 16,000,000 lalveston IN D E X .- ft 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ■ft 24,000,000 until Iftftft ■■■ft ■■H 6 Iow a.- 9,962,537 5 [11....... 10,365,707 4 M ich.. 10,924,111 Ala. . .33 M o ... .13 A riz. .45 Mont. .39 Ark.. .31 Nebr. .20 Cal. . .11 N ev.. .35 Colo. .32 N .H .. .15 Conn -18 N .J. . .14 Dak.. .28 N.M extt) Del. . .36 N .Y ., 1 D .C .. .43 N .C .. .27 Fla. . .47 p h io . 3 G a ... .37 Oreg. .24 Ida. . .41 Pa. 2 i n . . . 5 U .I .. .29 Ind. . 9 S.C. .45 Iowa 6 Tenn. .25 Kans. -17 T e x .. .38 Ky— .19 Utah. 30 L a ... .40 V t. .. .12 M e... « V a . . .21 Mil. . .22 Wash -26 Mass. .16 W .V a 23 Mich. 4 W is .. . 7 Minn -10 Wyo .44 Miss. .34 Product, per Square Mile of Total Area, 1880. Rank State Bushels N. Mex A riz. . Wyo. . Fla. .. T e x ... M ont.. Ida. .. N e v ... Colo. La. . . . G a .... D a k... S.C. .. Ala. .. Miss. . Utah. . 47 46 45 44 48 42 41 40 39 88 37 36 35 34 33 32 »» « ... Unsettled parts........ ............ . R an k State Bushels R an k State Bushels .18 .23 .32 .87 .87 1.57 1.87 2.75 3.70 3.97 4.23 4.50 4.80 6.50 6.56 6.98 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 A r k ... O r e g .. N .C ... Wash.N eb r.. Cal. .. Tenn.Kans.. V a ----W .Va. K y .... M o .... Minn.. Del. .. M d .... W is ... 7.58 14.38 14.88 15.48 28.23 29.17 32.44 35.42 50.26 56.75 56.75 60.95 65.46 144.83 152.84 156.27 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Ind. . . Iow a . in ....... M ich.. M e .... O h io.. P a .. . . N .H ... M ass.. N.J. .. Vt. . . . Conn.D .C ... R .l___ N .Y ... 173.55 179.59 185.10 190.22 267.59 312.05 362.01 373.00 381.89 478.04 485.84 533.39 551.07 559.26 706.53 36,000,000 2 Pa.. .. 16.284,819 1 N .Y ... 33,644,807 RETROSPECT, Census. 1850 1860 1870 1880 Bushels. 38,268,148 42,095,026 21,709,824 33,378,693 20,000,000 Bushels. SWEET POTATOES PRODUCT, PER SQUARE MILE OF TOTAL AREA, (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) 'rtland / ;‘f- ■ £>.. 'V Minneapolis 3tocu' ZTP&Z ° : -Buffalo EvPSE \ m j p : : I o°*—> X j » » m [ DuhuqueV^ * Q ! IO W A , Omaha i !/ ) I DesMoines Lincoln* ,VashxiU e Santa Ft C q W f^ KEY •Atlanta No crop reported __________ -------- ( M IS S . yicksburg port Total Product, by States, 1880. Under 10 Bushels per Sq. Mile 10, and under 20, per Sq. Mile Rank State. 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 i M ass.. R .l___ Conn.. N .M ex M ich .. A riz. . N .Y ... W is ... N eb r.. D .C ... Cal. . . W . Va. Iow a .P a .. . . Kans.. Del. .. O h io.. Ind. .. 111. . . . Md. .. M o .... A r k ... K y .... La. . . . T e x ... Fla. .. V a .... N .J .. . S.C. . . T enn .. Ala. .. Miss. . G a .. . . N .C ... Bushels. 450 714 918 8,217 4,904 5,303 6,833 7,124 13,628 23,347 86,284 87,214 122,368 184,142 195,225 195,937 239,578 244,930 249,407 829,590 481,484 881,260 1,017,854 1,318,110 1,460,079 1,687,613 1,901,521 2,086,731 2,189,622 2,369,901 3,448,819 3,610,660 4,397,778 4,576,148 sc a l e [atclxez : sME&r ZL 20 4,000,000 Bushels. 8,000,000 »> 30 100 and over, IN D E X . Ala. . 4 Mich. .30 Ariz. .29 Miss. 3 A rk .. .13 Mo. . .14 C a l.. 24 Nebr. .26 Conn. .32 N.J. . 7 Del. . .19 N .M ex i t D C . . .25 N .Y .. .28 Fla. . 9 N.C. . 1 G a ... 2 O hio. .18 111. . . . .16 Pa. . . .21 Ind. . .17 R .l ... .33 Iow a .22 S.C. . 6 Kans. .20 T enn. 5 K y ... .12 T e x .. .10 La. .. .11 V a ... 8 M d ... .15 W .V a 23 Mass. .34 W is .. 27 » [ Unsettled parts.. Product, per Square Mile of Total Area, 1880. Rank State 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 N.M ex A riz. . Mass.. M ich.. W is ... N .Y ... Bushels Rank 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 .03 .05 .06 .09 .13 .14 N e b r .. .18 Conn..19 .55 Cal. R .l— .66 I o w a . 2.21 Kans.. 2.39 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C H A R LES S C R IB N E R 'S SONS. ' State W .V a . P a .. . . T i l ____ T e x ... O h io .. M o .... Ind. .. A r k ... K y .... La. . . . Fla. .. Md. .. Bushels Rank 3.54 4.09 4.45 5.57 5.88 6.31 6.82 16.61 25.45 29.02 31.11 33.43 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State Bushels V a .... 47.39 56.76 66.92 72.58 74.56 77.92 94.20 D e l. . . 99.97 N .J ... 279.91 D .C ... 389.12 T e r m .. A l a . .. S.C. .. Ga----Miss. . N .C ... • » »»— AG RICU LTU RE P late 1 0 6 ORCHARD PRODUCTS. 0 as. w y o . ' ~ :'~ ' ® « t i _____a ___ : p IF m Total Value, by States, 1880, Rank State. 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 85 34 83 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 8 2 1 Value. Dak. .. $ 156 Mont. _ 1,530 Colo. . 3,246 N ev ... 3,619 A riz. _ 5.530 D.C. . 12,074 Ida. .. 23,147 N.M ex 26,706 R .I___ 58,751 N ebr.. 72,244 S.C. .. 78,934 Minn.. 121,648 Wash.127,668 U tah.. 148,493 La. . . . 188,604 Kans.. 358,860 Ala. .. 362,263 Miss. . 378,145 Conn.. 456,246 O reg .. 583,663 W is ... 639,435 Vt. . . . 640,942 Fla. .. 758,295 G a .. . . 782,972 Del. .. 846,692 N.J. .. 860,090 A r k ... 867,426 T e x ... 876,844 N .C ... 903,513 Tenn.. 919,844 W .Va. 934,400 N .H ... 972,291 M ass.. 1,005,303 M e .... 1,112,026 K y ... . 1,377,670 Iow a .. 1,494,365 M d .... 1,563,188 V a .. . . 1,609,663 M o .... 1,812,873 Cal. .. 2,017,314 Ind. .. 2,757,359 M ich .. 2.760,677 111....... 3,502 583 O h io.. 3,576,242 P a .. . . 4,862,826 N .Y ... 8,409,794 IN D E X , $4,000:000 $6 ,000,000 $ 8 ,000,000 Product, per Square Mile o f Total Area, by States, 1880. Rank State. 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 T e x ... Ala. .. Fla. .. Miss. . N .C ... Ga___ L a .. . . S.C. .. SCALE: Pound f. 100 Pounds per Sq. Mile. 200 .24 300 15.73 400 Ann 23.87 37.09 115.46 430.14 510.53 1,726.14 Total Product, by States, 1880, Rank State. 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Pounds. 62,152 T e x ... 810,889 Ala. .. Fla. .. 1,294,677 Miss. . 1,718,951 N.C.*.. 5,609,191 L a .. . . 23,188,311 Ga___ 25,369,687 S.C. .. 52,077,515 A N N U A L EXPORT, 1821-1880. tBased on the R ep orts o f the Secretary o f the Treasury.) Y ear 1821 $ 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 Value. 1,494,307 1,553,482 1,820,985 1,882,982 1,925,245 1,917,445 2,343,908 2,620,696 2,514.370 1,986,824 2.016,267 2,152,631 2,744,418 2,112,272 2,210,331 2,548,750 2,309,279 1,721,819 2,460,198 1,942,076 2,010,107 1,907,387 1,625,726 2,182,468 2,160,456 2,564,991 3,605,896 2,331,824 2,569,362 2,631,557 A la. .30 Miss. .29 A riz. .42 M o... . 8 A rk .. .20 Mont. .45 Cal. . . 7 Nebr. .37 Colo. .44 N ev.. .43 Conn -28 N .H .. .15 D ak.. .46 N .J .. .21 Del. . .22 N .M ex 39 1). c . . .41 N .Y .. . 1 Fla. . .24 N .C .. .18 G a ... .23 Ohio. . 3 Ida. _.40 Oreg. .27 111. . . . . 4 Pa. .. . 2 Ind. . . 6 R .I... .38 Iow a .11 S.C. . .36 Kans -31 Tenn -17 K y ... .12 T e x .. .19 I . a . . . .32 Utah. .33 M e... .13 V t... .25 Md. . .10 V a ... 9 Mass. .14 Wash -34 Mich. . 5 W .V a .16 Minn. .35 W is.. 26 Rank State 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 Value Dak. .. $ .001 M ont.. .01 .03 Colo. . .03 N e v ... .05 A riz. . .22 N .M ex .27 Ida. .. .95 N ebr.. 1.54 Minn.. U tah.. 1.81 Wash.1.91 2.62 S.C. .. 3.34 T e x .-. 4.15 La. . . . 4.39 K ans.. 6.17 O r e g .. R an k 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 State Value Ala. -. $ 7.03 Miss. . 8.16 W is ... 11.74 Cal. .. 12.93 Ga___ 13.28 Fla. .. 13.98 A r k ... 16.35 N .C ... 18.60 T enn.. 22.03 M o .... 26.37 Io w a .. 26.94 K y .. . . 34.44 M e .... 37.20 VV. Va. 37.91 Va. — 40.12 M ich .. 48.07 R an k 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State Value R .I----- $ 54.15 III____ 62.55 Vt. . . . 70.16 Ind. .. 76.79 87.74 O h io .. C onn.. 94.17 N .H ... 107.97 P a .. . . 108.10 N.J. .. 115.37 Mass. 125.04 Md. .. 158.54 N .Y ... 176.60 D .C ... 201.23 Del. .. 431.99 RETROSPECT. Census. 1850 1860 1870 1880 Pounds. 215,313,497 187,167,032 73,635,021 110,131,373 PRODUCT, PER SQUARE MILE OF TOTAL AREA. (Baaed on the Returns o f the T en th Census.) KEY I AG-RICTJLTTJHE P late 107 Product, per Square Mile of Total Area, by States, 1880, Rank 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 i State. Pounds. Kans.. .006 .04 V a ... .14 O h io.. Minn.. .14 .14 m .. . . .30 Iow a .. .59 Ind. . . Pa. . . . .82 1.23 Mass.. M e .... 1.61 2.58 O reg.. 2.66 N .II... M ich .. 4.63 9.26 Cal. .. Wash.- 10.52 Vt. . . . 11.97 36.12 W is ... N .Y ... 454.20 SCALE: 100 B ounds p e r Square M ile, n i....... 14 Ind. ..12 Io w a .13 Kans. .18 M e .. . 9 Mass. .10 M ich .. 6 Minn.. 15 300 400 1 1 1 ■ Key "West. 500 1 " 1 A N N U A L EX PO R T, 1860-1880.. Table of the Low and H est ighest Prices of H per P n , in ops, ou d N York. ew Total Product, by States, 1880. Rack 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State. Pounds. K ans.. 500 V a .... 1,599 O h io.. 5,510 Ill____ 7,788 M ass.. 9,895 Minn.. 10,928 16,915 Iow a .. Ind. . . 21,236 N .II... 23,955 36,995 IJa . . . . M e .... 48,214 v t .... 109,350 O reg .. 244,371 M ich .. 266,010 Wash.703,277 Cal. .. 1,444,077 W is ... 1,966,827 N .Y ... 21,628,931 SCALE: 5,000,000 P ou n d s. IN D E X . Cal. . . 3 N .I I ...10 111____15 N .Y ... 1 Ind. ..11 O h io ..16 Io w a .. 12 O reg.. 6 Kans. .16 P a .. . . 9 M e .... 8 Vt. . . . 7 M ass.. 14 Va___ 17 M ich .. 5 Wash.- 4 Minn. .13 w i s . . . a 10 , 000,000 15,000,000 20 , 000,000 1825. (From “ T h e Am erican A lm anac Year. 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1S 0 3 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 L. H. 13c. 25c. 10 25 8 18 5 10 4 11 10 15 8 17 12 37 38 17 10 11 12 5 4 2 0 19 17 9 17 Y e ar. 1839 18 0 4 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 18 0 5 1851 1852 L. H. and Treasury o f Facts,” 1881.) L. H. Y e ar. L. H. 18c. 22 5 4 3 4 8 6 6 40c. 46 27 13 1867 1868 1869 40c. 5 8 3 8 20 35 22 15 15 70c. 55 28 27 65 75 55 45 45 37 32 Y e ar. 15c. 18c. 1&53 62 1854 18 12 40 1855 10 16 1856 6 12 1857 1858 15 7 1859 12 33 6 11 35 I8 0 1861 8 15 3 1862 7 6 1863 17 1864 19 8 1865 24 63 1866 47 17 12 10 18 25 32 23 12 15 3 0 2 52 0 10 25 65 70 PR IC E-CH A RT OF T H E C H E A P E ST GRADE HOPS FOR 18 70 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 18 0 8 10 5 6 17 12 45 39* (Based on R ep orts o f Che Secretary o f the Treasury.) -----------------------1 S C A L E : Y e ar 2,000,000 4,000,000 18 0$ 32,866 6 3861 2.006,053 1862 663,898 1 1863 1,733,265 3864 1,217,075 1865 1,350,983 108,752 1866 1867 369,946 1868 264,129 1869 1,627,248 1870 2,515,734 1871 316,288 3872 408,305 1873 272,403 27,973 _ _ 3874 1875 1,286,501 ■ 1876 1,384,521 i 1877 2,305,355 1878 2,152.873 _ _ 1879 701,095 ■ 18 0 2,573,292 8 m u mm 1880. Lowest and Highest Prices, per Pound, in New York. (Based on the accorqpanying table o f prices.) 50c 50c. 25c. Highest SCALE,—Each space b etw een the price lines represents one cent. COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C H A R LES S C R IB N ER 'S SONS. P late 108 AGEICTJLTTJEE SUGAR AND MOLASSES. No crop reported. Under 1 Hogshead per Sq. Mile sc a le : 1 .1, and under 5, per Sq. M ile___ Product, per Square Mile of Total Area, by States, 1880. 2 3 * 5 6 ____ *1 7 I Rank State. Gallons. 3.09 T e x .. . 4.61 S .C .... 11.58 Miss. . 15.43 Ala. . . Fla. .. 18.99 26.55 G a .. . . La. . . . 257.51 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Rank State. Gallons. 138,944 s . c . .. Miss. . 536,625 795,199 Ala. .. 810,605 T e x ... Fla. .. 1,029.868 G a .... 1,565,784 La. . . . 11,696,248 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1880. Table of the Lowest and Highest Prices of New Orleans Molasses, per Gallon, in New York. (From “ The American Almanac and Treasury of Facts,” 1881.) Year A N N U A L EXPORT, 1860-1880. (Based on the Report of the Bureau of Statistics.) sc a le: Year Value. $ 2, 000,000 8 301,674 287,881 147,397 361,031 259,937 ■ 332,496 ■ 652.543 ■ 817,633 ■ 313,378 613,444 661,526 1,218,214 1,189,233 1,801,428 1,657,899 3,798,517 6,745,771 5,225,499 4,920,094 7,118,673 3,339,987 $4,000,000 $ 6 ,000,000 ^ H. 1825 SO 28 $0 43 1826 28 36 1827 31 39 1828 30 36 1829 33 27 183(1 28 33 25 1831 34 1832 35 26 1833 27 36 1834 27 31 1835 26 36 1836 32 48 1837 32 45 1838 2H 45 1839 26 36 MU 20 30 1841 20 28 1842 16 24 1843 18 31 1844 31 27 1845 22 37 1846 22 34 1817 30 38 1818 20 2H 1849 20 32 1850 22 33 1851 28 33 1852 35 27 1860-1869, Refined S ugar; 1870-1880, Sugar Molasses, Candy and C onfectionery. 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 L. 8 000,000 $ , ' Year L. 1853 $0 26 1854 111 1855 23 1856 42 1857 35 1858 26 1859 36 I860 36 1861 30 1862 32 1863 35 1864 65 ISIS 65 1866 66 1867 65 1868 60 ihi;< i 65 1870 65 50 1H 71 1872 48 1873 61 1874 60 1875 54 1870 50 1877 40 3878 36 1879 32 1880 40 60c. NEW ORLEANS MOLASSES, PER GALLON. $0 *1 29 40 75 80 52 51 55 55 55 62 1 25 1 50 1 25 1 20 1 05 1 05 1 20 75 86 97 85 80 68 59 50 50 65 50c Highest ^ Lowest 40 c 30c i 1 30c. Lowest 20 c. (Based on the Finance Report o f 1861, and the Reports o f th e Bureau o f Statistics.) 1844 $6,897,245 1845 4,049,708 1846 4,397,239 1847 9,406,253 1848 8,775,223 1819 7,275,780 1850 6,950,716 1851 13,478,709 1852 13,997,393 1853 14,168,337 1854 11,604,656 1855 13,284,663 1856 21,295,154 1857 41,596,238 1858 18,946,663 1859 28,345,297 i860 36,298,426 1861 34,788,649 1862 23,785,337 1863 23,815,603 1864 36,919,042 1865 34,756,393 1866 48,359,73ft 1867 47,374,342 18(58 61,605,786 1869 72,430,693 1870 69,827,884 1871 74,826,848 1872 91,850.270 1873 92,638,223 1874 92,819,203 1875 85,032.517 1876 06,296,553 1877 92,815,911 1878 79,833,346 1879 79,288,106 1880 88,771,165 40 c. - 20o. RAW SUGAR, PER POUND. Highest 1844-1859, net Im port o f Sugar ; 1860-1880, T otal Im port o f Sugar, Molasses, Candy and C onfectionery. Value. 60c. H. A N N U A L IMPORT, 1844-1880. Year V lH ig h e s t Lowest and Highest Prices in New York, (Based on the accom panying tables q f prices.) 10c 10c. Highest , V Lowest Lowest - SCALE: $ 2,000,000 '26 '67 ’08 D(I870)’ 1 75 ’76 $ 10,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 S C A L E . —Each space betw een the price lines represents one cent. $ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 * 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Table of the Lowest and Highest Prices of Raw Sugar, per Pound, in New York. (From “ The American Almanac and Treasury of Facta,” 1881.) * 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1857; * 7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Year L. * 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 * 9 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 = ^868 1ST* 1869 1871 1872 1813 17 85 187ft .1877 1878 1873 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C H A R LES S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. 3874 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 18*5 1836 1837 1838 H. 6c. lie . 6 10 6 10 6 10 9 5 6 9 4 7 5 7 5 9 5 8 6 9 7 11 5 8 6 8 Year L. H. 1839 6c. 1N 1C 4 1811 4 1842 3 1843 3 1814 5 1845 3 181(1 5 1847 5 1H 4H10 1849 4 1850 4 1851 4 1852 3 8c. 8 7 7 r 7 7 8 8 15 6 7 6 5 Year L. H. 1853 4o. 6c. 1854 3 6 1855 4 8 1856 6 10 1857 9 11 1858 5 8 1859 5 8 1SII0 6 8 1861 4 9 1862 7 11 1803 7 14 1804 11 25 1865 11 17 1866 10 15 Year L. 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 9c. 9 9 9 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 64 6 6} H. 10c. 12 13 10 10 9 9 8 9 10 10 8 9 7* P late 1 0 9 A G R I C U L T U R E P late 1 0 9 ( > > ( COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SC R IB N E R ’S SONS. * A G B i n T T T . n-1T T I R IE j P late 110 RETRO SPECT. Census. 1850 1860 1870 1880 I " T Pounds. 199,752,655 434,209,401 262,735,341 472,661,167 P late 110 sc a le : 100,000,000 Pounds. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 200,000,000 300,000,000 400,000,000 ' l ---------- ----------------r i — i/ m A N N U A L EXPORT, 1821-1880. (Based on the Finance R ep ort o f 1861, and Reports o f the Bureau o f Statistics.) M a n u fao tured. I Unm anufac tured. SCA LEj $ 2 , 000,000 1* 3 $ 8 , 000,000 V ;V 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Pounds. 1 7 30— -31 - m m m m m m IP i hr.-------- \ ’ j 'I 79 3! I i *J -------------- ------ j______ !_ 91 I C A aP LR A p0fBLO U spoTc° Lh:W r Vy * V UNORGANIZED 5 f I s !-* }lm?y 8 19 Fe ' [ Tf«TA'AM0t & » ^ P C * il 3 EO _ \ i - ! — 9 J93 94 2 i 2' — 'I “ ' oS B & w b* \ m JEM POJO0O«^6SuQUE x £*a • 10 f i 1 2 ac B 13 f t 1 —17- -18- isletX ■■■ r W t No crop reported_______________ 20-#" m 21 If; 25 • : Under 10 pounds per square mile__ 5 3 $ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 I 7i !j 43 4 4 T. 0 ° I 34^ 3T\f 4 2 fSCALERO • • ; apache $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 V if - "A - r l~~~ 10 and under 20 pounds per sq. m.... i?8 | $ 5 0 ,0 C 0 ,0 0 0 m m m 2,000 9m 5 ,0 0 0 v Total Product, by States, 1880. Rank State. & 9 i 16 $4,000,000 $ 6,000,000 $5,648,962 ... 1821 1822 6,222,838 . . . 6,282,672 . . . 18213 4,855,566 . . . 1824 6,115,623 . . . 1825 1826 5,347,208 - 6,577,123 . . . 1827 5,269,960 . . . 1828 1829 4,982,974 . . . 5,586,365 . . . 1830 4,892,388 - -1831 5,999,769 . . . 1832 5,755,968 -1833 6,595,305r .. 1834 1835 8,250,577 . . . 10,058,640 . . . 1830 5,795,647 — 1837 7,392,029 . . . 1838 1839 9,832,943 . . . 9,883,957 — 1840 12,576,703 1841 9,540,755 . . . 1842 4,650,979 . . . 1843 8,397,255 . . . 1844 7,469,819 . . . 1845 8,478,270 . . . 1846 7,242,086 . . . 1847 7,551,122 . . . 1848 1849 5,804,207 . . . 9,951,023 . . . 1850 9,219,251 .. . 1851 10,031,283 . . . 1852 11,319,319 — 1853 10,016,046 . . . 1854 14,712,468 . . . 1855 12,221,843 . . . 1856 20,662.772... 1857 17,009,767 . . . 1858 1859 21,074,038 . . . ! 1860 $3,383,428 15,906,547 $ 1 1861 2,760,531 13,784,710 V ! 1,076,644 12,325,356 1 1862 1863 3,398,177 19,752,076 2 1864 3,647,883 22,845,936 3 1865 3,682,707 41,625,226 4 1866 1,982,416 29,456,145 3 1867 2,951,753 19,620.159 2 1868 3,179,164 2,794,776 20,552,943 1870 1,604,805 21,100,420 1871 2,087,160 19,908,797 1872 2,523,755 24,136.166 1873! 2,642,811 22,689,135 1874' 2,569,347 1875| 2,602,921 1876 2,833,155 1877 1878 3,681,317 1879 3,057,876 1880 2,063,166 5,000 pounds and over, per square mile w : dian Reservations.. SCALE: 4,000,000 Pounds.. IN D E X . [Me___ 250 Ida. .. 400 A r iz. . 600 785 R . I_ _ 890 N .M ex Del. .. 1,278 D .C ... 1,400 N e v ... 1,500 D a k ... 1,897 Wash.6,930 17,325 O reg .. 21,182 Fla. .. S.C. .. 45,678 La. . . . 55,954 N ebr.. 57,979 Minn.. 69,922 Cal. .. 73,317 M ich.. 83,969 V t. . . . 131,432 N .H ... 170.843 N.J. .. 172,315 K ans191,669 T e x ... 221,283 G a .. . . 228,590 Miss. . 414,663 Iow a .420,44 7 Ala. .. 452,426 A r k ... 970,220 W . Va. 2,296,146 Ill____ 3,935,825 Mass.. 5,369,436 N .Y ... 6,481,431 Ind. .. 8,872,842 W is ... 10,608,423 M o .... 12,015,657 Conn.. 14,044,652 Md. . . 26,082,147 N.C. .. 26,986,213 Tenn.. 29.365,052 O h io.. 34,735,235 Pa. . . . 36,943,272 V a ,... 79,988,868 K y ,.. . 171.120.784 r Ala. ..1 7 M o .... 9 A riz. .41 Mont. .46 A r k ... 16 Nebr..29 Cal. -.27 N ev.,.36 C olo. .47 N .H ...24 Conn.. 8 N.J. ..23 D a k ... 85 N .M ex 39 Del. ... N .Y ...12 D . C . . . 67 N .C .. . 6 Fla. ..32 O h io .. 4 Ga. ...2 0 Oreg. .33 Ida. ..42 P a . . . . 3 111....... 14 R .I ....4 0 Ind. ..11 S.C. ..31 I o w a ..l8 Tenn._ 5 Kans..22 T e x. ..21 K y . . . . 1 U tah.. 45 La___ 30 Vt. ...2 5 M e ... .43 V a . . . . 2 M d .... 7 Wash.-34 M ass.. 13 W .V a. 15 M ich ..26 W is. ..10 M inn..28 Wyo. .44 Miss. .19 8 ,000,000 12, 000,000 16, 000,000 $ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 24,000,000 28,000,000 Product, per Square Mile ofTotal Area, 1880. Rank State Pounds 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 as 32 31 30 29 Ida. .. A r iz . . N .M ex Me___ N e v ... D a k ... Wash.O re g .. Fla. . . Cal___ D e l.. . R .I___ T e x ... Minn.. L a .. . . .005 .005 .007 .008 .01 .01 .10 .18 .39 .47 .65 .72 .84 .88 1.23 Rank State 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 M ich .. S.C. . . Kans.. G a ... . Iow a . N ebr.. Ala. .. Miss. . V t.. .. A r k ... N .H ... N.J. .. D .C ... in....... W .V a. Pounds i:!11V . 1.46 1.51 2.34 3.88 7.57 7.61 8.77 8.94 14.38 18.29 18.97 23.11 23.33 70.28 93.16 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 S ta te Pounds N .Y .. 136.10 174.81 194.82 247.08 555.50 667.84 703.35 821.01 852.18 1,993.49 2,645.24 2,898.79 4,278.01 W is ... N. C .. P a r t .. O h io .. V a . ... M d .... K y ... . Table of Lowest and High est Prices of Kentucky Leaf To bacco in New York. (From “ The American Almanac and Treasury of Facts, ’ 1881.) Year L. 32,000,000 36,000,000 $ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 *6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 *8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 * 100 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 120 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 14 0,00 0,00 0 160,000,000 1825 1826 1827 ISIS 1829 18311 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 isto 1811 1842 1843 1811 1815 1816 1817 1848 1849 ISlit 1851 1852 3c. 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 3 4 6 6 3 4 8 3 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 5 3 3 H. 9c. 8 6 6 7 7 6 6 8 8 11 10 9 13 16 16 14 9 7 6 7 7 8 8 9 14 14 9 Year L. 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1358 1859 1800 3861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 ISO? ISOS 186,9 1 70 «S 1871 1872 1873 1H 74 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 4c. 5 6 6 7 6 4 3 3 6 8 8 7 8 9 8 8 7 6 9 9 7 9 7 7 4f 4i 5 H. 10c. 11 13 16 20 18 14 13 16 30 36 55 45 18 16 15 13 12 11 16 16 25 28 19 16 7 7i 7i 1825. PRICE-CH A RT OF KEN TU CKY LEAF TOBACCO FORlSfc Lowest and Highest Prices, per Pound, in New Y^ijk.i (Based on the accom panying table o f prices.) 20c. *37 >38!’9(1840)>1 > 2 4 ’9 (1830)>1 ’32 ’33 ’4 7 * 1 » (1850)’! 9 ’ 9 (1870] — ill 10c. Highest £ Lowest • 2c, > (1830) > ’32 9 1 & > (1840)>1J42 9 ’9 (1 8 5 0 )’ ! lilia »9(1800)»1 S C A L E — Each space betw een the price lines represents one cent. 6c. Lowest 4c. 2c. »9 (1 8 7 0 )’! *9 (8 0 ) XL—L ive Stock IN D E X and TO Products PLATES. CATTLE ON FARMS....................................... Plate 111 TOTAL STOCK ON FARMS.........................Plate 114 D is tr ib u tio n b y S ta te s. T o ta l b y S ta te s . E x p o r ts . M ess B e e f— P r ic e s of. H e m lo c k L e a t h e r — P r ic e s of. C la ss e s C o m p a r e d b y S ta te s . R e tr o s p e c t. WOOL.................................................................Plate 115 P r o d u c t p e r S q u a r e M ile , b y C o u n tie s. “ “ “ “ “ S ta te s. “ “ C a p ita , b y S ta te s . T o ta l P r o d u c t b y S ta te s . P r ic e s , 1 8 2 8 to 1 8 8 0 . SWINE ON FARMS.........................................Plate 112 • D is tr ib u tio n b y S ta te s . T o ta l b y S ta te s. E x p o r ts . M ess P o r k — P r ic e s of. L a r d — P r ic e s of. H a m s — P r ic e s of. M ILK ................................................ Plate 116 P r o d u c t p e r S q u a r e M ile. T o ta l P r o d u c t b y S ta te s . BUTTER..............................................................Plate 116 HORSES ON FARMS...................................Plate 113 P r o d u c t p e r S q u a r e M ile. T o ta l P r o d u c t b y S ta te s . E x p o r t , 1 8 2 1 to 1 8 8 0 . ( P la t e 117 .) P r ic e s , 1 8 2 8 to 18 8 0 . ( P la t e 117 .) D is tr ib u tio n ; T o t a ls ; R e tr o s p e c t. MULES AND ASSES ON FARMS.................Plate 113 D is t r ib u t io n ; T o t a l s ; R e tr o s p e c t. CHEESE.............................................................. Plate 117 P r o d u c t p e r S q u a r e M ile. T o ta l P r o d u c t b y S ta te s. E x p o r t , 1 8 2 1 to 1 8 8 0 . P r ic e s , 1 8 2 8 to 1 8 8 0 . SHEEP ON FARM S.,................................. Plate 113 D is t r ib u t io n ; T o t a ls ; R e tr o s p e c t. In G eneral. — The plates of this group illus and swine— very few oxen being now employed, The first feature of note to catch the eye trate the number and distribution of live stock except on farms, and even of these the number of the reader of these tables is the slight “ on farms,” and its products, as returned by is rapidly diminishing. decrease in value of live stock between the Tenth Census. 1870 The limitation “ on farms ” The following table presents the principal excludes two large and important classes of statistics for the United States regarding live than real, being mainly due to the fact that the live stock; first, the cattle, sheep and swine stock on farms, and its products, at the dates of value in 1870 is expressed in paper, at an aver upon ranches, mainly in the extreme west, at the several censuses, from 1850 to 1880:— age depreciation of about 20 per cent. Another and beyond the frontier of settlement, where 1850. the stock ranges principally upon the public i8 60 . 1870. 1880. and 1880. This, however, is apparent rather feature of note is the decrease in some classes between i860 and 1870, and in other classes a lands, in a half wild state; and secondly, those Value of all Live 1 Stock.................. y in settled regions, mainly in cities and towns, Number o f Horses. $544,180,516 $1,089,329,915 $1,525,276,457 $1,500,464,609 4,336,719 6,249,174 7,145,370 10,357,488 559,331 1,700,744 1,151,148 1,125,415 1,812,808 2,254,911 1,319,271 great reduction from the average rate of increase. Thus, mules and asses, working oxen, beef Number of Mules ) and Asses........ 1 Number of Work- ) ing Oxen.......... f Number o f Milch ) Cows................... C Number o f Other ) Cattle................. ) 6,385,094 8,585,735 8,935,332 993,841 12,443,120 9,693,069 22,488,550 horses and milch cows did not increase by any classes is separated by well-defined lines from 21,723,220 14,779,373 22,471,275 13,566,005 Number o f S h eep .. 28,477,951 35,192,074 farm stock. 30,354,213 means as rapidly as in other decades. Number of Sw ine.. 33,512,867 25,134,569 47,681,700 Pounds o f W ool___ 52,516,959 60,264,913 100,102,387 155,681,751 Pounds o f Butter... 313,345,306 459,681,372 514,092,683 777,250,287 Pounds o f Cheese.. 105,535,893 103,663,927 53,492,153 27,272,489 owned and used for purposes of business or pleasure, by persons not engaged in agricultural pursuits. It would appear that neither of these Indeed, as to the former, the dis tinction is almost purely artificial, having been made to facilitate the work of the census office. A n effort to obtain these statistics, by means of a special investigation, has met with the maps and diagrams of this group, will be found in the text. No such effort was made, however, to obtain the statistics of the second of the above classes, and the animals thus owned can only be estimated in round numbers. This class consists almost entirely of milch cows, horses numbers during the decade, and the number of This effect was doubtless due to the war, which con sumed and wasted large numbers of live stock. The number of working oxen has suffered a rapid decrease since i860, owing to the substi P E R C E N T A G E O F IN C R E A S E . tution for them of horses and mules, in farm 1850 to i860. very good success, and the results, although not reached early enough for incorporation in cattle, and swine, suffered a great decrease in Value of all Live Stock........... Number of H orses................... Mules and A s s e s .. W orking Oxen . . . Milch Cows........... Other Cattle.......... “ Sheep..................... Sw ine...................... Pounds of W ool....................... “ Butter..................... C h eese................... i860 to 1870. 1870 to 1880. 100.2 44.1 105.9 32.6 40.0 *1.6 tion of cheese, upon farms, is due to the I 4-3 *2.2 44-9 transfer of this industry, in great part, to man 34-5 54-5 3-4 10.4 14-7 46.9 *1.8 * Decrease. * 4 i -5 4.1 *8.2 26.7 *25.0 66.1 11.8 *48.4 61.1 *24.7 39-2 labor. The immense decrease in the produc ufactories. The industry of butter-making is now undergoing a similar change, although 65.8 23.6 89.7 it has not yet been transferred from the farm 55-5 to the factory to any considerable extent. 51.2 *49.1 The above tables are supplemented by the following, presenting a complete statement of SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS. xc the numbers of the different classes of live stock in the country in 1880. The numbers H o r s e s . — The distribution of horses “ on farms” being closely allied with other agricul of cattle, sheep and swine on ranches are tural from the special investigation by the Census manner. office. greatest, there is found, in most cases, the Those of horses, mules and asses, milch interests, follows W here the agricultural product is largest number of horses upon farms. are not farmers, have been estimated. conformity with this we find, speaking broadly, On F arm s. Horses................. On R an ch es. O t h e r w is e O wned. In the Northern Central group of states leading otal U n it e d St a t e s . in in this class of live stock, both in absolute 10, 357.488 2 , 166,00 0 1 2 , 523,488 Mules and Asses. 1,812,808 350,000 2 , 162,80 8 Milch Cow s........ 12,443,120 6 , 000,000 18 , 4 4 3 ,1 2 0 area and to population; while in the North W orking Oxen .. 9 9 3 ,8 4 1 9 9 3 ,8 4 1 Atlantic States, and especially in New E ng Other Cattle . . . . 2 2 , 4 8 8 ,550 3 , 750,022 Sheep ............. 35,192,074 7,000,000 3.000. 000 45,192,074 Swine............. 47,681,700 2,090,970 7.000. 000 56,772,670 W ool, pounds 155,681,751 .............................................. 240,681,751 Butter, “ 777,250,287 .............................................. 806,672,071 Cheese, “ 27,272,489 ..............................................243, 157,850 number and in number as proportioned to 26 , 2 3 8 ,5 72 land, the number is small as compared with area, and still smaller in proportion to popu lation. This fact is sufficiently explained by the relatively greater importance in this section These tables show that there was 1 horse to every 4 inhabitants, or thereabouts, and 1 mule or ass to every 25 inhabitants. The number of working oxen was to the number of the population as 1 is to 50; milch cows, 1 to 3; beef cattle, 1 to 2; sheep, as 9 is to 10; while the number of swine was very nearly equal to that of the population. There were produced during the Census year nearly 5 pounds of wool to every man, woman and child in the country. A n explanation should of manufactures, as compared with agricultural pursuits. In the two southern sections, where agriculture is largely carried on by manual labor, and where mules are used as working stock, to the practical exclusion of horses except for riding, we find the number of the latter is comparatively small. In the Western States and Territories the numbers, though absolutely and in proportion to area of but small amount, are, relatively to population, much greater than the average of the country. be given of the addition to this item, as seen in the last column. The production of wool M ules an d Asses.— In regard to mules given in the first table was merely the spring and asses, other causes are found to influence clip of 1883. the distribution. T o that has been added the fall In the United States as a clip of sheep on farms in California and Texas, whole, the number of this class compares with estimated at 13,000,000 pounds; that the clip of ranch sheep, estimated at 34,000,000 pounds, and the pulled wool and fleece of slaughtered sheep, estimated at 38,000,000 pounds, giving of horses Am ong the as 1 to 5, approximately. different states, however, the widest possible divergence is found from this average ratio. In many of the Southern a total, as above stated, of 240,681,751 pounds. States, for example, South Carolina, Georgia, The “ on Alabama and Mississippi, the number of mules farms ” is increased, in the last column, by the and asses exceeds that of horses, and in every factory product, thus presenting the total pro state of this section the proportion is far in duction of the country. excess of the average of the country. production of butter and cheese C F l a s s if ic a t io n a r m s ” On the R an d W them in a general cows, sheep and swine, owned by persons who T Cattle. — of “ O a t t l e n . M il c h o r k in g Cows. Oxen. North Atlantic Group. M aine............................ New H am pshire----Verm ont....................... M assachusetts............. Rhode Island............... Connecticut................. New Y o rk ..................... New J e rse y ............... , Pennsylvania............... C an ch es O th er Cattle. 18,868 2 1 7 ,0 3 3 140,527 112,689 167,204 i4 ,5 7 i 1 5 0 ,4 3 5 96,045 10,601 28.418 21,460 116,319 39,633 1,437,855 ,, 2,022 15,062 8 5 4 ,1 5 6 I 5°,845 43>°49 29,*52 90,564 3,523 South Atlantic Group. D elaw are..................... M aryland...................... District of Colum bia.. Virginia ........................ West Virginia............... North C arolina........... South Carolina............ Georgia......................... F lo rid a.......................... 152,078 27,284 122,907 1,292 243,061 5,818 22,246 92,149 862,233 69,786 861,019 20,450 ” 7 ,3 8 7 12,643 50,188 1 5 6 ,9 5 6 271 388,414 288.845 232,133 3 7 5 ,*°5 2 4 ,5 0 7 139.881 199,321 544,812 500,080 4 54,709 50,026 16,141 8,226 767,043 3,97° 494,944 3,346 40,393 Northern Central Group. O h io .............................. Indiana......................... Illin o is........................ M ich igan ...................... Wisconsin...................... Minnesota..................... Io w a .............................. M issouri...... ............. K an sas.......................... N ebraska...................... D ako ta.......................... 315,073 865,913 42,174 7,234 854.187 661,405 418,333 161.187 1,084,917 864.846 1,545 ,1 63 0 466,660 622,005 347 , *6i *,755,343 1,410,507 1,098,011 944,826 11.418 40,572 *54,793 75,534 61,705 2 7 1 ,4 4 3 4 0 4 ,2 1 3 268,178 3 8 7 ,4 5 2 4b729 146,454 28,762 36,344 2 ,5 0 6 9,020 16,789 Southern Central Group. Alabam a....................... Mississippi................... Louisiana...................... T e x a s ............................ Arkansas....................... Tennessee..................... K en tu cky..................... Indian Territory ) and Public Land j 9 0 ,5 0 2 25,444 27,312 36,166 384,578 - 478,374 275,545 606,176 249,407 303,900 301.882 282,418 4,198,020 433,392 452,462 5 ° 5,746 * 5 4 6 ,1 9 8 Western Group. Montana....................... W yom ing................... Colorado....................... New M exico................. A rizona......................... U ta h .............................. N evada......................... Idaho ............................ W ashington................. O regon.......................... California..................... 936 718 2,080 16,432 984 3 ,9 6 8 11,308 3,730 28,770 1 2 ,9 5 5 9 ,1 5 6 32,768 765 1 3 ,3 1 9 737 12,838 27,622 3 ,8 2 1 4*6,035 5*6,765 760,642 3 *8,549 125,617 95 ,9*9 202,739 1 7 7 ,5 8 2 166,741 4 ,1 3 2 * Ranch stock only. 59,549 534,334 2,288 210,078 602,678 Farm stock was not enumerated. The class of live stock “ on farms,” denomi nated by the Census “ Other Cattle,” consists other hand, in the North Atlantic States, there mainly of that raised for beef. ranch stock, by states and territories, as estimated are very few of this class of live stock. been added the numbers of ranch cattle in the by the special investigation of the Census office: in this section, mules for draught purposes different states were almost unknown before the war; since the last column of the above table. that time, owing to the army education of the total number of such cattle in the country northern farmers, they have been gradually is about one-half that of the population, a coming into use, and supplanting oxen for glance at the table shows that the proportion farm work. in the several states and territories presents The following table shows the numbers of STATES AND TERRITORIES. A rizona............................. California.......................... Colorado........................... D ako ta.............................. F lo rida.............................. Idaho ................................ Indian T erritory............. K a n sas. . . ..................... Montana........................... N ebraska.......................... Nevada.............................. New Mexico ................. O regon.............................. T e x a s ................................ U ta h .................................. W ashington..................... W yom ing.......................... Public Land..................... Total on ranches........ Cattle. S heep. 9 °,7 7 4 390,000 *5 °, 737 1,575 ,°°° 444,653 345 ,°°° 65,968 55 ,°°° 49,000 90,000 9 *,025 106,290 487,748 82,076 255,892 354,697 44,602 181,235 *8 i ,773 810,093 37,239 63,630 243,140 Sw in e . 4,63° 264,869 3,229 2,3*6 28,549 In Indiana, Illinois and Iowa the and territories, in forming W hile wide variations. one hand, and horses on the other, is about Central States, 1 to 10; while in the more northern tier of Western States and Territories, the proportion states, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota, is greatly in excess. the proportion is very much less. In nearly and territories that the supply of beef for the 499,252 all of the states and territories of the Western North Atlantic States, and for export to foreign 3,423 group, the number of this class of live stock countries, is derived. is very small, indeed trifling in amount; while while raising comparatively little beef, consume in proportion to the number of horses, it is 55,°°° 130,000 95,000 48,000 97,000 1,850,000 285,000 1,240,000 290,000 96,000 310,000 proportion between mules and asses on the correspondingly little, and the home supply is much below the average of the United States. equal to the demand. 7,449 773 ,9 3 * 86,274 4 ,9*2 377,178 85 10,302 22,973 1,246 352 58 ,45 0 3,750,022 Indeed, T o this have 7,000,000 2,090,970 In most of the Northern in Florida, Texas, and the It is from these states The Southern States, LIV E STOCK AN D PRODUCTS. In examining the statistics of working oxen, Manufactures, has very rapidly increased. In XCl New Mexico 16th, and Texas 25th. Speaking it is seen that they are most abundant in New 1870 the production from both sources was generally, the principal development of this England, in the South Atlantic and in the Gulf 162,927,382 pounds, while industry is in the northern tier of states, States, where their number ranges from one- increased to 243,157,850 pounds. in 1880 it had extending from Vermont through New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan and The The so-called production of milk reported proportion is much less in New York, New by the Census, includes only that portion of Wisconsin. Jersey and Pennsylvania; while in the states the production which was sold for consumption Missouri are also of importance; while upon in or disposed of to butter and cheese factories. the Pacific coast, California has more than 26 these, the number is comparatively trifling. It represents, therefore, only a small part head to a square mile, and that part of Oregon It is greater in the states on the Canadian of the total product. The amount reported lying west of the Cascade range is nearly as border, where was 530,129,755 gallons, of which New York thickly occupied. produced more than two-fifths, or nearly 232 comparatively few, and, as a rule, these are not the greater proportion here is due to the millions of gallons. of high grade. requirements of the great lumber interests of at a considerable distance, by Ohio, Illinois course, be made in the case of Texas, in which these states. and Pennsylvania. state, and in New Mexico and California, sheep fifth to one-half the number of horses. the Mississippi Valley, lying west of it averages about one-tenth the number of the horses. It is probable that The average of the whole country shows one milch cow to about three inhabitants, and expected, the This state was followed, A s would production of naturally be the Southern W est Virginia, Kentucky and The Southern States contain Exception to this must, of have been raised in immense numbers ever since the days of Spanish dominion. The sheep, States was very limited. while the departures from this ratio in the The production of dairy products (milk, however, were of low grade, “ scrubs,” who had, individual states are considerable, they are by butter and cheese) follows closely, in its dis through generations of neglect, developed those no means as great as in the other classes of tribution over the country, the distribution qualities of hardiness and toughness which live stock. of milch cows. enabled them to pick up a living under adverse The reason for this comparatively It is decidedly greatest in circumstances, and to withstand, without injury, uniform distribution of milch cows is apparent. the It is owing to the universal necessity for their States, the product of the other sections being all the ordinary rigors of climate. products, and the perishable nature of those not greater, and in most localities much less, ities, so desirable in “ ranch sheep,” were gained products. than is required for home consumption. The at the expense of flesh and fleece, so that the the proportion, however, is very high. Thus, in states producing the greater part of the butter pure Mexican scrub is not of itself a source Vermont, there is i cow to \y2 inhabitants; in and cheese of the country, both on farms and of profitable culture. Iowa and Kansas, i to 2. In others, however, in factories, are New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, however, that by crossing these ewes with high New York, Pennsylvania and Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan and W is grade Merino rams, a breed is produced which Ohio, the great preponderance of other indus consin. combines in high degree the good qualities of tries has thrown this one completely into the of cheese, while its production of butter is both father and mother. shade, and obliterated all traces of its effects in comparatively small. great sheep ranges of the states and territories In some of the great dairy states for example, North Atlantic ■ and Northern Central California produces a large amount These qual It has been found, W ith such stock the raising the ratio of milch cows to population. of the extreme west are, in great measure, Generally speaking, it may be said that this stocked. The breeding of sheep has been ratio is least in the large manufacturing states, Sheep. — T o containing a great proportion of urban popu as lation, and in the Southern States. “ ranch sheep ” and 3,000,000 otherwise owned, particularly stands at 1 to 13 in Rhode Island, 1 to 12 in making the total 45,192,074. Ohio; and as the direct pecuniary value of Massachusetts, and 1 to 7 in New Jersey. the number of sheep on farms, which from 1850 improvements Am ong the Southern States, it is 1 to 6 in to i860 and from i860 to 1870 was very slight, fully recognized, sheep farmers everywhere, Virginia, North Carolina and Florida; 1 to 7 being less in the former decade than that of and especially in the northwest and extreme in South Carolina, and 1 to 5 in Georgia and population, and in the latter scarcely exceeding west, are paying more and more attention to Alabama. it, rose in the decade just past to 48 per cent., the subject. Thus, it The low proportion in those states the number of sheep returned “ on farms,” must be added 7,000,000 The increase in carried to a high the Eastern and in degree of excellence in Mississippi V alley States, Vermont, New York and in breeds is becoming more having a large urban population is unquestion that of population being 30 per cent. ably made up to them by the cows kept in the this decade there was not only a great increase cities and towns, not “ on farms.” in number in most of the Eastern States, but W o o l .— The the great interest of “ ranch sheep” in the much more rapid increase than the number of states and territories of the extreme west has sheep. grown from comparatively small proportions was 14.7 per cent. to its present magnitude. was 66.1 per cent., and between 1870 and 1880 D a iry P ro d u cts. — T o the amount of butter returned as having been made “ on During production of wool shows a Between 1850 and i860 the increase 147 per cent. Between i860 and 1870 it This greater increase of wool farms” in 1880 has been added the factory In absolute numbers Ohio leads all the product, 29,421,784 pounds, making the total states, followed closely by California, and at a production indicates a correspondingly greater product in that year 806,672,071 pounds, an distance by Texas, Michigan, yield of wool per sheep. average of very nearly 16 pounds for every Pennsylvania and New York. man, woman and child in the country. square New Mexico, In number per mile, which is the true measure of The average fleece in 1850 was but 2.3 pounds; 2.7 pounds; in i860 it was in 1870 it had risen to 3.5, and importance in this industry, Ohio still leads, in 1880, disregarding ranch sheep and their been gradually decreasing for many years, being far in advance of all the rest. product, to 4.4 pounds. while during the same period the factory follow Vermont, Pennsylvania, Michigan, New The distribution of wool production natur production, as shown in the chapter upon York, etc.; California standing 8th in the list, ally conforms in general features to that of The manufacture of cheese upon farms has Then SCRIBNERS STATISTICAL ATLAS. XC11 sheep. The principal production is in the W e ig h t F per l e e c e — in P Iowa the proportion between them is nearly o u n d s. 4 to 1; in Nebraska, 3 to 1; and in several North Atlantic and Northern Central sections, i8 60 . 1870. 1880. 3-3 3-7 4.1 4-9 4-5 5-4 S-o 4-4 3-8 3-9 3-2 3-9 products are of great value, and in recent years 2.9 3 -o 3-6 4-9 3-9 4-8 have greatly increased. 2.6 2.9 2.8 3-7 of the exportation of beef cattle on the hoof. 3-7 4.8 2.7 2.6 4-5 from a value of $439,987 in 3-2 3-4 S-° 2.4 ... 1.6 1.8 2.4 2.9 3-7 $13,344,195 in 1880. other states of this group the number of swine to which should be added California, western Oregon and southern Texas. speaking, it may be said Generally that those states which stand low in number of sheep, stand still lower in production of wool. The reason for this is, that in the states in question the raising of wool is not pursued as an avocation, but is merely an incident of farming, and conse quently little or no attention is given to breeding, or to other matters which determine the weight and quality of the fleece. Hence the average weight of a fleece is less than in other sections where the business is followed exclusively. T o illustrate the range of weight per fleece in the different states, the following table has been prepared. The most striking fact shown by it is the lightness of the fleece in the Southern States as compared with that of the northern part of the country. In the North Atlantic and Northern Central sections the fleece ranges from 3.7 to 6.5 pounds, and the average must be a fraction over 5 pounds. In the two southern sections the weight ranges from 2.2 to 4.6 pounds per fleece, with an average not above 3 pounds. There is a similar difference in 1870 and in i860. This is probably produced by a combination of causes. First, as has already been suggested, want of care in housing, feeding, breeding and shearing; and, second, the climate. Nature does not provide as warm a covering for ani mals living under a semi-torrid sun as if exposed to the chilling blasts of a northern winter. Between i860 and 1870 most of North Atlantic Group. is fully twice that of population. Maine................................... New H am pshire............... Verm ont.............................. M assachusetts................... Rhode Island..................... Connecticut........................ New Y ork............................ New Jersey......................... Pennsylvania..................... 4.1 3-3 E xports. — The 5-8 ♦ i -7 i -3 2.0 3 -° 4.2 5 -i 2.6 2.6 3 -i 3-7 4-4 3-8 S-6 5-9 5-4 5-2 3 -° 4-3 3-5 2-7 3 -i 6-5 5*2 3 -3' 6.4 4.6 5-2 blessings to us. 3-1 3 -o 1.6 2.6 2.2 i -4 i -4 ... The larger part of this W ith the increase in exports the value per head has increased very greatly. Northern Central Group. O h io .................................... Indiana................................ Illin o is ................................ M ich ig an ............................ Wisconsin............................ Minnesota......................... I o w a .................................... M issouri.............................. K a n s a s................................ N ebraska............................ D a k o ta ................................ up to misfortunes of the mother country proving 2-3 i -4 1870, increase, too, has taken place since 1877, the 4.0 2.0 2.6 2.9 i -9 2.0 This is true especially Within ten years this has increased 30 times, South Atlantic Group. D e la w a re............................ M aryland............................ V ir g in ia .............................. West V ir g in ia ................... North C a ro lin a ................. South Carolina................... G e o r g ia .............................. F lo rid a ................................ exports of live stock and its In 1871 the export value of beeves was only $19.65, and the price continued very nearly at these figures until 1876, when it rose rapidly, and in 1880 was over $73 per head. The exportation of fresh and preserved beef has also increased considerably. 5-7 That of the former has more than doubled since 1876, while in the same period the latter has increased 10 Southern Central Group. Alabam a.............................. M ississippi.......................... Louisiana............................ Texas .................................. Arkansas.............................. K en tu cky............................ Tennessee............................ 2.1 1.9 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.8 2.2 times. 2.5 now exported to so great an extent as formerly. 3-7 2.9 2.2 i -3 2.4 i -7 ... ... ... 0.6 ... 2.0 0.9 ... 2.0 2.6 .. .. 5-4 4-7 4.9 i -7 1.1 4-3 2-5 The exportation of mutton, both 4.6 2.9 2-5 1.8 0.9 greatly. Meanwhile the price of sheep for export rose 4-9 4-7 4-7 4.1 since 1877 that of meat has increased many fold. 4.2 2'5 3-3 3-7 3-4 The exportation of sheep on the hoof was 10 times as great in 1880 as in 1871, while i -9 4 -i 1.8 on the hoof and as fresh meat, has increased very Western Group. M ontana.............................. W yom in g............................ Colorado.............................. New M e x ic o ..................... Arizona................................ U ta h .................................... N evada................................ I d a h o .................................. W ashington........................ O rego n ................................ California. . . . ................. Salted or cured meat, however, is not 4.4 from $1.91 in 1871 to $4.27 in 1880. The export of live hogs shows a similar increase. 5-3 This increase, however, took place early in the decade, the exportation reaching a maximum in 1874, when, with an average price the Southern States show a decrease in weight of S w in e. — In fleece per sheep. This is probably explained Northern Central States, as a group, lead, both the country was 1,625,837. by the fact that during four years of war this in absolute number of swine and in number restrictive legislation on the part of European class of live stock, like the rest, received little per square mile. nations or no care, and consequently it deteriorated. the principal, almost the entire, supply for although it is still much greater than at the The marked improvement since 1870, especially export is derived. beginning in the border states, is thus more strongly number is large, but probably no greater than export price of hogs has oscillated from $5 to emphasized. In is required for home consumption, as pork $10, and above, the former being the average weight per fleece has steadily increased since forms a considerable part of the diet of the price in 1880. i860, with scarcely an exception. inhabitants of these states. have steadily increased during the decade, from the Northern States the In some the production of pork the It is from these states that In the Southern States the of $10.25, the number of hogs sent out of has of greatly the Since that year reduced decade. exportation, Meanwhile the The exports of ham and bacon 71,446,854 pounds in 1871 to 759,773,109 in states, notably those in the northern part of The number of swine in the country is, as the Mississippi Valley, this increase has been was shown above, slightly in excess of that 1880. very great. of the population. In nearly all of the South increased, but by no means in equal ratio, of Iowa, which has increased from 2.6 in i860 ern States the proportion between the number while the gradual depression in the price leaves to 6.5 pounds in 1880. of swine and of population is nearly the same as the value of the exports very nearly the same her average fleece still more— from 1.4 in i860 in the country at large. as ten years ago. to 6.4 pounds in 1880. In the states and States, and in the states and territories of the gone up from about 80 million in 1871 to 375 territories of the extreme west the fleeces are W estern group, the number of swine is very million pounds in 1880, with an increase in generally heavy; but in New Mexico the shift much less than that of population, while in the value from $10,563,020 to $27,920,367. less character of the native population is well states of the Northern Central group, almost The total value of the exports of meat, on the illustrated by the average weight of fleeces— without exception, the number of the former is hoof, fresh or preserved, w as: for 1870, $18,288,- 1.9 pounds only. very much greater than that of the latter. 115; 1875, $68,341,852; 1880, $117,872,556. The heaviest average fleece is that Nebraska has increased In the North Atlantic In The exports of fresh pork, too, have The exports of lard have L I V E P late 111 STOCK -A N I P R O D U C T S -U T D CATTLE, CATTLE ON FARMS, NOT INCLUDING RANCH STO CK. (Based on the Returns o f th e Tenth Census.) Cattle,per Square Mile, by States, 1880. Rank Total Cattle, by States, 1880, Rank State 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 38 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 SCALE: Head IN D E X , D .C ... 1,567 R .I— 35,584 A riz. . 44,983 Del. .. 63,653 Ida. .. 84,867 U tah.. 95,410 Wash.134,554 D ak. .. 140,815 N .M ex 166,701 N ev... 172,221 M ont.. 172,387 N.J. . . 223,886 N .II... 333,405 Conn.. 236,886 M ass.. 261,051 Md. .. 262,540 Wyo. . 278,073 M e .... 334,421 Colo. . 346,839 S.C. . . 363,709 Vt. . . . 403,105 O reg .. 416,242 \V. Ya. 458,444 Fla. .. 467,370 La. . . . 470,601 N .C .. . 657,426 Minn.. 659,050 Cal. .. 664,307 V a .... 686,184 A r k ... 708,243 Miss. . 717,335 Ala. .. 751,190 N ebr.. 758,550 T enn .. 783,674 843,794 K y .- .. M ich .. 891,631 Ga___ 909,911 \Vis... 1,129,141 Ind. .. 1,363,760 Ivans.. 1,451,057 P a .. . . 1,730,237 O h io.. 1,860,180 M o .... 2,080,932 N .Y ... 2,339,721 Ill____ 2,384,322 ilow a .. 2,612,036 T e x ... 4,084,605 A l a .. .10 MO... . 5 A riz. .45 Mont. .37 A rk .. .18 Nebr. .15 Cal. . .20 N ev.. .38 Golo. .29 N.H.. .35 Conn -34 N.J. . .36 D ak.. A0\N.Mex‘X> Del. . .44IN.Y.. - 4 D .C .. .47 N .O .. .22 Fla. . .24 Ohio. . 0 G a ... .11 Oreg. .26 Ida. _ 43 P a ... . 7 111.. . 8 R.T.. .46 Ind. . 9 S.C. . .28 Iow a 2 Tenn .14 Ivans - 8 T e x .. . 1 K y ... .13 Utah. .42 L a .. . .23 V t . . . .27 M e ... .30 V a .. .19 M d .. .32 Wash -41 Mass. .33 W.Va.25 Mich. .12 Wis. .10 Minn -21 Wyo. .31 Miss. .17 200,000 300,000 * 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State Head A riz. . .3 D a k ... .9 Ida. .. 1.0 U tah.. 1.2 M ont.. 1.2 N .M ex 1.3 N e v ... 1.5 Wash.- 2.0 Wyo. . 2.8 C o lo .. 3.3 4.2 Cal. . . Oreg. 4.4 Minn.. 8.8 8.6 Fla. .. N ebr.. 9.9 La. . . . 10.3 M e .... 11.1 S.C. .. 12.0 A r k ... 13.3 N .C ... 13.5 Ala. . . 14.5 G a .. . . 15.4 Miss. . 15.5 M ich .. 15.5 T e x ... 15.6 V a .. . 17.7 N ans.. 17.0 W .Va. 18.6 T en n .. 18.7 W is ... 20.7 K y ... . 21.0 N .II... 25.8 D .C ... 26.1 M d ..., 26.6 Dei. .. 27.3 N.J. .. 30.0 M o .... 30.2 Mass.. 32.4 R .I___ 32.7 Ind. .. 37.8 Pa. . . . 38.4 in ....... 42.5 Vt. . . . 44.1 O h io .. 45.6 Io w a . 47.0 C onn.. 48.8 N .Y ... 49.1 SCALE: 5 H ead p e r Sq. Mile. KEY Under 2 Head per SqJtfile.. 2 and under 5 Hd. per Sq. Mile. A l a . . 27 Mo. .11 A riz. .47 Mont. 43 A rk . . 29 Nebr. .33 Cal. . 37 N ev.. .41 Colo. .38 N .H ., - 1 G Conn. 2 N.J. . . 1 2 .46 N .M ex 42 Del. ..13 N .Y ., 1 D .C .. 15 N.C._ -28 Fla. ..34 Ohio 4 G a. .. .26 Oreg .36 Ida. ..45 Pa. - 7 i n . . . . 6 R.T.. . 9 Ind. . D.C. . 3 0 Iow a 3 Tenn. .19 Kans. .21 T e x .. -23 K y ... .17 Utah. .44 L a . .. .32 Vt. .. . 5 M e ... .31 Va Md. ..14 Wash -w Mass. .10 VV.Va . 2 0 Mich. .24 W is.. 18 Minn. -35 Wyo.. .39 Miss. .25 D k.. a 8 Glasses Compared, 1880. scale Class© Year Value SCALE! $3,000,000 5,009,856 4,883,080 7,441,918 $ 6 ,000,000 $ 8,000,000 $10,000,000 § 12,000,000 $14,000,000 Cattle (Living), Year | 1870 S 439,987 1871 i 403,491 1 1872 565,719 1873' 695,957 1874 1,,150,857 18751 1,,103,085 187G 1,,110,703 1877, 1.,593,080 1878 3;,896,818 1879 8,,379,200 1880 13.,344,195 Leather and Manufactures of Year 4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 I I I I I I I I I I I I $4,000,000 1877 1878 1879 1880 Number : 5,000,000 Head 10.000,000 . 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 EXPO RTS. Fresh Beef. 40 and oyer Value I860 $ 1,547,177 1861 1,404,054 1862 1,191,050 1803 2,140,013 1864 1,931,126 1865 3,1Q3,648 1866 i,oas,829 1867 1,049,615 1868 1,414,372 '869 925,283 1876 673,331 1871 1,897,395 1872 3,684,029 1873 5,305,494 1874 4,780,518 1875 7,324,796 1870 10,008,985 1877 8,167,301 1878 8,080,030 1879 7,769,069 1880 6,700,180 N o t e .—The figures given in tfto three exp ort charts a b ov e are from th e Reports o f the Bureau o f Statistics, and present everything o f special interest, as th e light exp orts o f previous years w ere so small as t o b e com paratively unim portant. RET RO SPEC T. W orking Oxen. COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CH A R LES SC R IB N E R ’S SONS. W orking oxerr. M ilch c o w s ___ Other c a t tle ... 993,841 i 15,000,000 80,000,000 LIVE stock : altd pr o d u c ts P late 112 SW INE, SWINE ON FARMS. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Swine,per Square Mile, by States, 1880. Rank State Total Swine, by States, 1880. Head Rank State 47 40 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 3G 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 20 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Wyo. .. D .C ... Ariz. . Colo. . N.M ex N ev... M ont.. R .I— Ida. .. U tah.. Wash.Del. .. N .I I .D a k... Conn.M e .... Vt. M ass.. O reg .. N .J ... Fla. .. Aid. .. Minn.. W .V a. C a l.... S.C. .. La. . . . N .Y ... V a .. . . M ich.. Wis. .. Miss. . P a.. .. N eb r.. Ala. .. N.C. Ga___ A r k ... Kans.. T e x ... Tenn.. K y .- .. O h io.. Ind. .. M o .... dll____ Iow a.- sca le 567 1,132 3,819 7,050 7,837 9,089 10,278 14,121 14,178 17,193 40,823 48,180 53,437 05,391 63,G99 74,309 76.384 80,123 150,222 219,009 287,051 335,400 381,415 510,013 G03,550 028,193 033,489 751,907 950,451 9G4,071 1,128,025 1,151,818 1,107,9G3 1,241,724 1,252,4G2 1,453,541 1,471,003 1,505,098 1,787,909 1.950,371 2,100.495 2,225,225 3,141,333 3,180,413 4,553,123 5,170,200 0,034,310 47 40 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 30 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 23 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 1G 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 * IN D E X . : A la .. .13 M o... . 3 A riz. .45 Mont. .41 A rk.. .10 Nebr. .14 Cal. . .23 N ev.. .42 Colo. .44 N .H .. .35 Conn -33 JN.J. - .28 Dak... .34 N J le x 43 Del. . .30 N .Y ., .20 D .C .. .40 N.C. .12 Fla. . .27 Ohio. . 5 G a ... .11 Oreg. .29 Ida. . .39 Pa. .. .15 111.... . 2 R .I... .40 Ind. . . 4 S.C. . .22 Iow a . 1 Tenn - 7 Kans - 9 T ex.. . 8 K y ... . 0 Utah. .38 .21 V t... .31 M e... .32 V a. . .19 Aid. . .20 Wash -37 Muss 30 W .V a.24 Mich. .18 W is.. .17 Minn .25 Wyo. .47 Miss. .10 100,000 H ead. 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 C00.C 000,000 1 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 , Wyo. . A rlz. . 'N .M ex Mont. . Colo. N e v ... Ida. .. U tah.. D a k ... Wash.O reg.. M e .... Cal. .. Minn.. Fla. .. N .II... T e x ... v t . ... M ass.. R .I— Conn.L a .. . . N .Y ... N ebr.. M ich.. D .C ... W .Va. W is ... S.C. .. Kans.. V a .. . . Ala. .. Del. .. Miss. . Ga.. .. Pa. . . . N.,T. .. A rk ... N .C ... M d .... Tenn.K v .— M o .... O h io.. Ind. .. Ill....... Head .005 .03 .00 .07 .07 .08 .1 .2 .4 .7 1.0 2.4 3.8 4.8 5.2 5.9 7.4 8.3 9.9 13.0 13.1 13.9 15.7 10.2 10.7 18.8 20.7 20.7 20.8 21.8 23.8 24.3 24.5 24.8 24.9 20.4 29.3 29.5 29.9 34.0 51.7 55 0 GG.2 77.0 88.7 92.3 SCALE: 5 Head per Sq.Mile. KEY w / U n d er 2 Head p e r Sq. M ile -----2 a nd u n d er 5 H d. p e r Sq. Mile- 20 25 30 35 - * « IN D E X . 40 N .C .. . 9 O h io.. 4 Greg. .37 Pa___ 12 R. S. O. ..19 T enn.. 7 T e x . ..31 Utah. A0 Vt. ...3 0 Va. ...1 7 Wash.-'38 W .Va.21 Wis. ..20 Wyo. .47 60 80 >.Ii 8|n !y .._25 6, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 EXPORTS. (Based oh the Reports o f the Bureau o f Sta tistics.) Table of Lowest and H ighest Prices o f Mess Pork, per Barrel, in New York. (From “ T he Am erican A lm an ac and Treasury of Facts,” 1 >1.) & The ex p o r t o f liv e h o g s h a s b een sm all—a b o u t $500,000 p er a nnum . In on e y e a r o n ly (1874) d id it rea ch $1,000,000. Pork. Y ear SCALE: 02, 000,000 Year 184,000,000 1860 03,132,313 1801 2,009,818 1802 3,980,153 1808 4,334,775 1804 5,828,030 1805 0,850,808 1866 4,7'88,484 1307 3,597,090 1808 3,267,052 1809 3,422,928 1870 3,253,137 1871 4,302,320 1872 4,122,308 1873 5,007,035 1874 5,803.712 1875 5.071,495 1870 5,744,022 1877 0,290,414 1878 4,913,057 1879 4,807,568 1880 1 5,930,252 L. Y ear H. L. H. 1825 812 00 $14 75 1853 $13 00 $19 75 1820 10 00 12 00 1854 12 12 10 00 1827 11 25 15 25 1855 12 50 23 00 1828 12 00 15 00 1850 10 25 21 00 1829 11 00 13 75 1857 10 50 25 70 1830 11 00 15 50 1858 15 35 19 00 O 18 12 1831 12 00 15 25 1859 14 G 1832 12 50 14 25 186(1 10 12 19 75 17 00 1801 12 25 18 00 1833 12 50 15 00 1802 11 G O 14 50 1831 12 1835 13 50 18 50 1803 11 no 18 25 1830 18 00 30 00 1804 19 no 43 25 10 00 24 50 1805 19 00 31 50 is j; 1838 10 50 25 50 1800 21 18 33 55 1839 14 50 23 50 1807 18 90 24 10 13 00 16 00 1808 21 10 29 50 isio 1811 8 75 13 50 1809 26 50 33 37 O 30 00 1812 0 75 10 25 18V6 20 (J 1813 7 50 11 50 1671 12 85 23 00 1844 8 50 10 25 1872 12 80 10 00 1815 9 25 14 12 1873 13 00 19 00 1810 9 02 13 37 1874 13 85 24 25 10 25 16 00 1875 18 00 22 75 1847 9 0 (1 13 00 1870 15 70 22 37 18-18 1849 9 87 14 25 1877 11 75 17 37 8 25 13 00 1850 10 .00 11 87 1878 7 80 12 75 1851 12 00 15 50 1879 1852 14 G2 19 75 1880 10 50 18 00 $6,000,000 $ 8,000,000 $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,000 Lard. Year $ 12 , 000,000 V alue 1860 $4,545,831 1801 4,729,297 1802 10,004,521 1863 15,755,570 1804 11,200,728 1805 9,134,853 1800 5,970,051 1807 0,G34,556 1808 9,427,831 1809! 7,443,948 1870 5,933,397 1871 10,503,020 I 187: 20.177.019 1873 21,245,815 1874 19.308.019 1875 22,900,522 1870 22,429,485 1877 25,502,G05 1878 30,022,133 1879 22,850,073 1880 27.920,307 $14,000,000 |16,000,000 $18,000,000 $ 20 , 000,000 $ 22 , 000,000 $24,000,000 $26,000, 000 $28, 000,000 $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $32,000,000 ■ $34,000,000 $30,000,000 $38,000,000 Bacon and Hams. 3,470,998 jss a p a p a B ?,482,060 $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Table of Lowest and Highest Prices of Cheapest Grade of Lard, per ?ound, in New York (From “ The American Alm anac, and Treasury of Facts, ’ 1881.) Year L. RETROSPECT. Census 1850 1800 1870 1880 Number 30,354,213 33,512,807 25,134,509 47,681,700 SCA LE: 5,000,000 H ead. 1825 7c. 1826 7 1827 7 1828 0 1829 4 1830 5 1831 8 1832 6 1833 7 1834 7 1835 7 1830 11 1837 6 1838 7 H. 10c. 9 10 9 6 13 11 10 11 9 11 17 15 15 Year L. 1839 1816 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1840 1847 1818 1849 1850 1851 1852 7 6 5 5 5 6 5 0 6 6 6 7 9 H. 15c. 12 9 8 8 7 8 8 11 9 8 7 10 12 Year L. 1853 9c. 1854 9 1855 9 1850 9 1857 10 1858 8 1859 10 18C0 10 1801 8 1802 7 1803 9 1804 12 18G5 15 1866 12 CO PYRIGH T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. H. 12c. 11 12 14 10 12 12 13 10 10 12 24 29 22 Year L 1807 l i e . 1808 12 1800 10 1S70 12 1871 9 1872 7 1873 7 1874 8 1875 13 1870 12 I8V7 8 1878 0 1879 Si 1880 7 Table of Lowest and Highest Prices of Cheapest Grade of Hams , per Pound, in New York. From “ The American Almanac and treasury of Facts,’ 1881 H. Year L. 14c. 20 21 18 13 10 9 16 16 14 12 9 8 9 1825 7c. 1820 8 1827 10 1828 8 1829 9 1830 9 1831 9 1832 9 1H38 8 1884 8 1833 8 1830 9 1837 9 1838 10 H. 11 11 12 11 10 11 11 11 10 10 12 17 15 15l Year L. H. Year L. H. Year L. H. 1830 10c. 1840 4 1841 4 1842 4 1843 3 1844 3 1845 5 1840 5 1847 0 1848 5 1849 0 1850 6 1851 7 1863 8 14c. 10 9 9 9 9 10 11 13 11 11 11 11 10 1853 8c. 1854 7 1855 8 1850 9 1857 6 185S 9 1859 9 1800 10 1801 7 1802 5 1803 5 1804 11 1805 11 1866 11 10c. 11 11 11 10 13 12 13 11 9 8 17 23 22 1867 10c. 1808 11 1809 17 1870 9 1871 0 1872 6 1873 5 1874 8 1675 9 1870 7 1877 10 1878 7 1870 l 1880 8 10c. 18 24 14 13 9 10 11 11 13 14 12 12 Hi I __________ 28 Plate 1 1 3 L I V E HORSES ON FARMS. sc a le 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 D .G .. . A riz. . R.T— Wyo. . N .M ex Del. .. Fla. .. Ida. .. N ev... Mont.. Utah.. D ak... Colo. . Conn.Wash.N .H ... Mass.. S.C. .. Vt. . . . N.J. .. M e .... G a ..L a .. . . Miss. . Ala. .. Md. .. O reg .. W . Y a. N .C ... A rk ... N ebr.. V a .- .. Cal. .. Minn.. Tenn.. W is ... Kans.. P a .. . . Ind. .. N .Y ... M o .... O h io.. Iow a . T e x ... Ill....... H ead : * 100,000 Head. 1,027 6,798 9,661 11,975 14,547 21,933 22,636 24,300 32,087 35,114 38,131 41,670 42,257 44,940 45,848 46,773 59,629 60,660 75,215 86,940 87,848 98,520 104,428 112,309 113,950 117,796 124,107 126,143 133,686 146,333 204,864 218,838 237,710 257,282 266,119 352,428 372,648 378,778 430,907 533,587 581,444 610,358 667,776 736,478 792,322 805,606 1,023,082 IN D E X . Ala. . .23 M o ... . 5 A riz. .46 Mont. .38 A r k .. -lfc Nebr. .17 Cal. . .1 5 N ev.. .39 Colo. .35 N .IL . .32 Conn. N .J .. .28 D a k .. .3 6 N .M ex 43 Del. . .4 2 N .Y .. . 6 I). C. . .47 N .C .. .19 Fla. . .41 Ohio. 4 G a.. . .26 Oreg. .21 Ida. . .40 Pa. .. . 8 i n . . . 1 R .I ... .45 Ind. . 7 S.C. . .3 0 Iow a 3 Tenn. .13 Kans. 9 T e x .. . 2 R y— 11 Utah. .37 La. .25 V t ... .2 9 M e... 27 Va. . .16 Md. . .22 Wash -33 Mass. .31 W . V a .20 Mich. .10 W is .. .1 2 Minn. .14 Wyo. .44 Miss. .24 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 700,000 800,000 Total Mules and Asses, by States, 1880. sc a le R .I— D .G .. . N .H ... Mass.. V t. . . . M e .... Conn.Ida. .. Wash. Wyo. Mont.. A riz. . N ev ... C o lo .. D a k. .. O reg.. U tah.. Del. .. N .Y ... M ich .. W . Va. W is ... Minn.. N .M ex N .J ... Fla. .. Md..... O h io.. N ebr.. P a .. . . Cal. . . V a . ... Iow a . Ind. .. Kans.. S.C. .. La. — N .C ... A r k ... Ky. . . Ala. .. Ill____ Miss. . G a .... T e x ... T enn.. M o— : Head 46 68 87 243 283 298 539 610 626 671 858 891 1,258 2,581 2,703 2,804 2,898 3,931 5,072 5,083 6,226 7,136 9,019 9,063 9,267 9,606 12,561 19,481 19,999 22,914 28,343 33,598 44,424 51,780 64,869 67,005 76,674 81,871 87,082 116,153 121,081 123,278 129,778 132,078 132,447 173,498 192,027 x ---- « I N D E X . 100,000 Head. 200,000 Ala. - 7 M o ..-- 1 A riz. .36 Mont. .37 Ark. . 9 N ebr.. 19 Cal. .17 N ev.. .35 Colo. .34 N .H ...45 Conn..41 N.J. ..23 D a k ... 33 N.M ex 24 Del. .30 N .Y. ..29 D.C. .46 N .C ... 10 Fla. .22 O h io.. 20 G a .. . 4 Oreg. -32 Ida. .40 Pa.......18 Ill____6 R .I---- 47 Ind. .14 S.C. ..12 Iow a. .15 T enn.. 2 Kans.. 13 T e x ... 3 Ky. . 8 Utah.. 31 La___ 11 Vt. ...4 3 M e... .42 V a — 16 Md.. .21 Wash.-39 Mass. .44 W .Va.27 Mich. .28 Wis. ..26 Minn. .25 Wyo. .38 M is s .. 5 SHEEP ON FARMS, Total Sheep, by States, 1880. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 i D .C ... R .I— Del. . . Ida. .. D a k... Fla. .. Conn.. Mass.. A riz. . N.J. .. S.C. .. N e v ... La. . . . Wyo. . M d..._ M ont.. N eb r.. N .H ... U tah.. A r k ... M inn.. Miss. . Wash.Ala. -. V t .... Iow a . N .C ... V a , ... Kans.. Ga___ M e .... Tenn.. W .V a. Colo. . Oreg.. Ind. .. W is .. . M o___ N .Y ... P a .. . . N .M ex M ich .. T e x ... Cal. . . O h io .. scale: 17,211 21,967 27,326 30,244 56,681 59,431 67,979 76,524 117,020 118,889 133,695 135,631 140,225 171,184 184,277 199,453 211,825 233,121 246,757 267,598 287,694 292,883 347,538 439,870 455,359 461,638 497,289 499,671 527,589 565,918 072,789 674,769 746,443 1,000,269 1,037,073 1,083,162 1,100,511 1,336,807 1,411,298 1,715,180 1,776,598 2,088,831 2,189,389 2,411,633 4,152,349 4,902,486 ar 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 C a l. . . G a .. . . S.C. -Ala. .. La. . . . Miss. . N eb r.. N .C ... A r k ... M e .... T e x ... Minn.. W . Va. N.TI... Kans.. V a .. . . T enn .. W is ... M ich .. M ass.. SC A LE: 5 H ead per Sq. M ile. 10 'I N D E X . Ala. .32 M o ... .11 A riz. .47 Mont. .44 A rk .. .27 Nebr. .29 Cal. .35 N ev.. .41 Colo. .40 N.H.- .22 Conn .13 N.J. . . 9 D ak. . .43 N .M ex 40 Del. . .10 N .Y .. . 6 D .C . . . 3 N .C .. .28 Fla. . .39 Ohio. 2 G a ... .34 Oreg. .30 Ida. . .42 Pa. 8 111.... . 1 R .I... .14 Ind. . . 4 S.C. . .33 Iowa. . 5 Tenn. .19 Ivans. .21 T e x .. .25 K y ... .12 Utah. 38 La. .. .31 V t .. 15 M e... .26 Va. .20 M d... . 7 Wash. -37 Mass. .16 VV.Va 23 Mich. .17 W is .. .18 Minn. .24 Wyo. .45 Miss. .30 V t .... R .I.— Conn. _ Ky— M o .... Del. .. N.J. .. Pa. . . . M d .... N .Y ... Iow a .. Ind. .. D .G ... O h io.. m ____ n .i 11.8 14.2 16.1 17.1 18.0 18.2 IN D E X . 100,000 Head. 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 Mules and Asses, per Square Mile, by States, 1880. Rank State 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 85 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 10 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Head Mont. . Wyo. . nder Ida. .. u A riz. . M e .... given. Wash.N .IL -. N e v ... .01 .01 C o lo .. .02 O re g .. .02 Mass.. .03 V t___ .03 L ta h .. .03 R .I .... .04 N. Mex .07 M ich.. .08 N .Y ... .1 Conn.. .1 Minn.. .1 W is .. . .1 Fla. .. .1 Cal. .. .1 W . Va. .2 N ebr.. _2 D h io .. .4 T e x ... .5 Pa. . . . .5 Kans.. .7 Iow a.- .8 V a .. . . .8 D .C ... 1.1 N.J. . . 1.2 M d .. . 1.2 Ind. . . 1.4 A rk ... 1.6 N .C ... 1.6 La. . . . 1.6 Del. . . 2.0 Hi____ 2.2 S.C. .. 2.2 G a .— 2.2 Ala. .. 2.3 M o .... 2.7 Miss. . 2.8 K y ... . 2.9 T enn.. 4.1 Rank State (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) ____ 32 31 30 29 28 .06 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .4 .4 .4 .6 1.3 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.2 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.4 6.3 6.4 6.5 sc a le : 5 H ead per ' Sq. Mile. j. — « IN D E X . Ala. . . 5 M o ... . 4 A n z . .44 Mont. .47 A rk.. .12 Nebr. .23 Cal. . .25 N ev.. .40 Colo. .38 N .H .. .41 Conn. .29 N.J. . .15 Dak. . .39 N .M ex 32 Del. . . 9 N .Y .. .30 V . C. . .16 N.C. . .11 Fla. . .26 O h io . .22 G a ... 6 Oreg. .37 Ida. . .45 Pa. .20 111. . . . 8 It, I .33 Ind. . .13 S.C. - 7 Iow a. .18 Tenn. . 1 Kans. .19 T e x —.21 K y ... . 2 Utah. .31 La. -. .10 v t ,.. . .35 M e ... .43 V a .. .17 M d ... .14 Wash -42 Mass. .36 W .V a 24 Mich. .31 W is .. .27 Minn. .28 Wyo. .46 Miss. . 3 Census Head 1850 1860 1870 1880 559,331 1,151,148 1,125,415 1,812,808 Sheep, per Square Mile, by States, 1880. N O T IN C L U D IN G R A N C H S T O C K . Rank State as Head ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 (Based on the Returns o f'th e Tenth Census.) 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 P R O D U C T S 900,000 MULES and ASSES ON FARMS. Rank State 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 State A riz. . N. Mex Wyo. . Mont. . D ak... Ida. .. N e v ... Colo. . Fla. . . U tah.. Wash.O r e g .. Rank Total Horses, by States, 1880. State .A . i n t o Horses, per Square Mile, by States, 1880. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Rant S T O C IC Ala. . .24 M o ... 8 A riz. .39 Mont. .32 A rk .. 28 Nebr. .31 C a l.. 2 N ev.. .36 Colo. .14 N.IL- ::o Conn. .41 N.J. . ;J8 Dak. . .43 N .M ex 5 Del. . .45 N .Y .. 7 D. C. . .47 N .C .. .21 Fla. . .42 Ohio. 1 G a ... .18 Oreg. .11 Ida. . .44 Pa. .. G 111.. . .12 R .I ... .40 Ind. . .10 S.C. . .37 Iow a .22 Tenn. 10 Kans. .19 T ex. - 3 K y ... .13 Ltah. .29 La. . . .35 V t. .. 23 M e ... 17 V a ... 20 -25 M d ... .33 Mass. .40 W .V a 15 Midi. . 4 W is.. . 9 Minn. .27 Wyo. .34 Miss. .26 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 Head SC A LE: D .C . .. D a k. .. .2 Ida. .. .3 A riz. . .6 1.0 Fla. .. 1.2 N e v ... Mont. . 1.2 Wyo. . 1.4 N ebr.. 2.6 U tah.. 2.8 L a .. . . 2.9 Minn.. 3.3 S.C. .. 3.9 Wash.4.3 A r k ... 4.0 K ans.. 6.1 6.2 Miss. . A l a ... 6.7 7.2 Colo. . Io w a . 8.2 M ass.. 8.4 G a___ 8.9 T e x ... 9.1 N .C .-. 9.5 Del. .. 11.2 O reg.. 11.4 Conn.. 12.2 V a. . . 12.3 N.J. .. K .I .... Tenn.. N. Mex M d .... 111.... M e .... M o ... N .IL . Wis. . K y .-.Cal. . W .V a . I n d ... N .Y ... M ich.. P a . . .. V t.. .. O h io.. 120.2 ICEY U n d er 2 H ead p e r Sq. 3 llle. 2 a n d u n d er 5 p e r Sq. 3 Iile . »» t2 ifr 0 ■ ■ 4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 44 I 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 CO PYRIGH T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. 10 ,, 3 „ 20 » i „ 30 „ F o r price-chart o f W o o l, see Plate 124. „. » LIVE STOCK _ _ S DR O D U C T S A U UP P late 114 STOCK ON FARMS, NOT INCLUDING RANCH STOCK, 1880. (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) For scale, see lo o t o f chart. For scale, see fo o t o f chart. S w ine................... 1,252,162 751,190 C a ttle.................. 347,538 A l a ___ Sheep .................. 121,081 Mules and asses. 113,950 H o rs e s ............ Sheep . C a ttle. A r iz . . . Horses Swine Mules and asses. S w in e ........... ....... 4,553,123 C a ttle .................. 2,080,932 M o........ S h e e p __ 1,411,298 Horses 667,776 Mules and asses. 192,027 76,524 44,983 6,798 3,819 891 S h e e p ........... ....... C a ttle ........... ....... M ont . . H o rs e s ................. S w ine................... Mules and asses. 184,277 172,387 35,114 10,278 858 Swine................... 1,565,098 708,243 C a ttle.................. 246,757 A r k — S h e e p ......... ........ 146,333 H o r s e s ................ 87,082 Mules and asses. S w in e .................. 1,241,724 C a ttle .................. 758,550 N ebr . . H o r s e s ................. 204,864 Sheep ................... 199,453 Mules and asses. 19,999 Sheep .................. 4,152,349 664,307 Cattle —............... 603,550 Ca l ----- S w in e .................. 237,710 H o rs e s ................. 28,343 | Mules and asses. N ev— C a ttle __________ Sheep .................. H o rs e s ................. S w in e .................. Mules and asses. 172,221 133,695 32,087 9,080 1,258 Sheep . C attle. Colo. . . Horses S w in e .................. Mules and asses. C a ttle ................... Sheep . . . . . . . . . . . N . H . - S w in e .... .............. H o rs e s ................. Mules and asses. 232,405 211,825 53,437 46,773 87 C a ttle.................. S w in e .................. Conn. . Sheep .................. H o rs e s ................. Mules and asses. C a ttle .................. S w in e .................. N. J..__ Sheep .................. H o rs e s ................. Mules and asses. 223,886 219,069 117,020 86,940 9,267 C a ttle........... ...... S w in e .................. H o rs e s ................ Sheep .................. Mules and asses. Sheep ___ 2,088,831 C a ttle .................. 166,701 N .M e x . H o rs e s ................. 14,547 Mules and asses. 9,063 S w in e ................... 7,857 C a ttle.................. S w in e .................. Del ___ Sheep .................. H o rs e s ................. Mules and asses. Cattle . ................. 2,339,721 Sheep ........... 1,715,180 N .Y .. . S w in e ............... .. 751,907 H o rs e s ___ 610,358 5,072 Mules and asses. D. C.. C a ttle .................. S w in e ................. H o rs e s ................. Mules and asses. Sheep S w in e ................... 1,453.541 C a ttle ................. . 657,426 N. C .. . S h e e p .................. 461,638 H o rs e s ................. 133,686 Mules and asses. 81,871 F la . .. C a ttle .................. S w in e ........... — S h e e p ------ -------H ors es ........... . Mules and asses. Sheep ................... 4,902,486 S w in e ................... 3,141,333 Ohio . . C a ttle . . . . ----- . . . 1,860,186 H o r s e s ................. 736,478 Mules and asses. 19,481 Ga . S w in e .................. C a ttle __________ S h e e p ............. . Mules an d asses. H o r s e s ................ Sheep .................. 1,083,162 C a ttle___ 416,242 Ore g . . S w in e .................. 156,222 H o r s e s ................ 124,107 Mules and asses. 2,804 I d a .. . C a ttle .................. S h e e p ................. H o r s e s ................ S w in e .................. Mules and asses. Sheep ................... 1,776,598 C a ttle ................... 1,730,237 1 IQ17 Q O U P a ........ Swine __________ 1,104 ,yoo H o r s e s ................. 533,587 Mules and asses. 22,914 I) a k .. S w in e .................. C a ttle ............. . I ll ------ Sheep .................. H o rs e s ................. Mules and asses. C a ttle ................... Sheep ................... It. I . . . . S w in e ........... ....... H o rs e s ......... ....... Mules and asses. 35,584 17,211 14,121 9,661 46 I ni).. S w in e .................. C a ttle .................. Sheep .................. H o rs e s ................. Mules and asses. S w in e .................. C a ttle .................. S.C____ Sheep .................. Mules and asses. H o r s e s ................. 628,198 363,709 118,889 67,005 60,660 I ow a . Swine .................. Cattle .................. H o rs e s ................. S h e e p ____ _____ Mules and asses. S w in e ................... 2,160,495 r-Q (V A O T LcllUU-------- ------<00,04 4 T enn . . Sheep .................. 672,789 266,119 H o rs e s ............... Mules and asses. 173,498 K ans. S w in e .................. C a ttle .................. Sheep .................. H o rs e s ................. Mules and asses. C a ttlo ................... 4,084,605 Sheep .................. 2,411,633 T e x ___ S w in e ............. . 1,950,371 805,606 H o rs e s ................. Mules and asses. 132,447 K y .. S w in e ............ S h e e p ------ -------Cattle .................. H o rs e s ................ Mules and asses. Sheep .................. C a ttle .................. U t a h .. H o rs e s ............. S w in e ............. Mules and asses. 233,121 95,416 38,131 17,198 2,898 La . S w in e ----C a ttle. . . . Sheep -----H o rs e s ___ Mules and S h e e p .................. C a ttle ................... V t ........ S w in e __________ H o r s e s ................. Mules and asses. 439,870 403,105 76,384 75,215 283 M e.. Sheep ___ Cattle — H o rs e s ___ S w in e -----Mules and 956,451 686,184 497,289 218,838 33,598 Md ._ Swine — C a ttle___ Sheep ___ Horses — Mules and S w in e . C a ttlo ................... Y a ....... Sheep H o rs e s ................. Mules and asses. • S h e e p .................. C a ttlo ................... W a sh .. S w in e ................... H o rs e s ................. Mules and asses. C a ttle ___ Swine — M ass.. . Sheep ___ Horses — Mules and Sheep .................. S w in e ___ W .Y a .. C a ttle .................. H o rs e s ............. . Mules and asses. 674,769 510,613 458,444 126,143 6,226 M inn . 3,800,000 3,600,000 u,400,000 3,200,000 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2,800,000 600,000 C a ttle .................. S w in e .................. Sheep .................. H o rs e s ................ Mules and asses. 1,800,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 S w in e .................. C a ttle ......... ........ M iss.. . Sheep .................. Mules and asses. H o rs e s ................. 4,000,000 8,800,000 8,600,000 8,400,000 , „ 3 ,m ooo 3,000,000 Sheep ................... 1,330,807 C a ttle ................... 1,129,141 W is . . . . S w in e __________ 1,128,825 H o rs e s ................. 352,428 Mules and asses. 7,136 4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Sheep .................. S w in e .................. M ich . . . C a ttle.................. Horses ................ Mules and asses. 292,883 134,554 46,828 45,848 626 C a ttle ___ Sheep .................. W y o . . . H o r s e s ........... Mules and asses. S w in e __________ w ar* 278,073 140,225 11,975 671 567 2,800,000 m 2 , 200,000 ^ 'm 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1,800,000 1,600.000 1,400,000 1:200.000 1 ood.odo 800.006 _ 600,000 * 400,000 200,000 H ead. 1,200,000 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 Head. RETROSPECT. Aggregate Head. Census 1850 1860 1870 1880 H ead • 5,000.000 Head. 10 2 5 ,0 0 0 .0 0 0 15 20 30 45 60 55 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 75 .0 0 0 ,0 0 0 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 40 35 05 70 80 85 90 95 105 125,000,000 110 115 120 130 135 140 74,752,390 89,004,483 85,703,913 137,969,581 Aggregate Value. Census SC A LE: Value 1850 $ 544,180,516 1860 1,089,329,915 1870 1,525,276,457 1880 1.500.404.609 : $50,000,000 100 sc a le $ 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 150 300 $ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 350 400 l 450 l 550 $7 50 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 600 650 700 800 $ 1 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 , 850 CO PYRIGH T, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. 900 950 $1 ,250,000,000 $1,500,' 000,000 P late LITE 115 STOCK .A -H T D R O D U C T S S I P P late 115 RETRO SPECT. SC A LE: 5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 0 ‘ 60 lOPds. 20 Census. Pound*. 1850 1800 1870 1880 52,510,959 60,264,913 100,102,887 240,681,751 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 no 120 70 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 160 170 FT.BERTHOl'D 8 M°2 g 2 0 0 , 000,000 2 10 220 12 ILS LAKE / 31 _ »■ | 3 7 ' -1 4 i 3 ] 8 42 f .-TRAV rsev 40 •v . v 12 131 14 I / R C j lr ~ " r - M f -r-H p 16 • V 1 | 8 i§ 2 6 35 36 20 1aii 22 28. 2 9 / 80 31 1 32 19 — ~8 39 3 50 61 40 I • 41 »* — 16 11 -31 J Product per Capita, by States, 1880. Rank State 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 D .C . .. Mass.. It. I — S.C. .. C onn.. N.J. __ La___ N .C .. . Ala. .. iFla. .. Miss. . Del. .. A r k ... G a .... M d .... D a k... V a .... T enn.. Minn.. N .Y ... Io w a P a .. . . m ____ K y ... . N ebr.. K ans.. N .II... Ind. .. M o .... Ida. . . M e .... VV.Ya. T e x .. . VVis... TJtah.. M ich .. v t . . .. A riz. . O h io.. N e v ... Colo. . Wash.C a l.. . Mont. . O r e g .. Wyo. . N.M ex sc a le Pounds 47 : 1 P ou n d . 69 .17 .24 .37 .37 .39 .43 .58 .60 .60 .65 .67 .69 .84 ■ ■ ■ .91 1.16 1.21 1.24 1.73 1.74 1.84 1.98 1.98 2.79 2.84 3.87 3.09 3.12 3.37 3.90 4.28 4.34 4.35 5.33 6.76 7.24 7.68 7.76 7.82 10.52 16.45 18.49 19.43 25.42 32.72 &3.27 34.45 —^ ^ IN D E X Ala. .39 Mo. .19 A riz. .10 Mont. . 4 Ark. .35 [Nebr. .23 C a l.. . 5 N ev.. . 8 Colo. . 7 N.H.. .21 Conn -43 N.J. . .42 Dak.. .32 N.M ex 1 Del. .36 N .Y .. .31 D .C .. .47 N .C .. .40 Fla. . .38 Ohio. 9 G a ... .34 Oreg. . :i Ida. .18 Pa.. . .26 111... .25 I U ... .45 Ind. .20 S.C. . .41 Iow a .27 Tenn. •30 Kans .22 T e x .. 15 K y— .24 Utah. .13 .11 L a.. .41 vt.. M e ... .17 V a ... .31 Md. . .33 Wash - 6 Mass. .46 W. Va .16 Mich. .12 Wis. . .14 Minn. .29 Wyo. . . 2 Miss. .37 > 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 8 2 1 D . C . . . I __________ R .I— Del. .. I d a . .. D a k . .. Fla. .. Conn.S .C .. . M ass.. A riz. . La. . . . N .J ... A r k ... N e v ... W yo. . Miss. . Ala. . . M d .. . N .C ... T J ta h .. M o n t .. N .II... N ebr.. G a .. .. Minn.. W a s h .- V a___ Tenn.Vt. . . . W .V a. M e ,... K ans.. Io w a .. Colo. . N.M ex K y .... O r e g .. i n . . .. Ind. .. T e x ... [W is... M o .... Pa. . . . N .Y ... M ich.. C a l.. . O h io.. 65,680 97,946 127,149 157,025 162,810 230,133 272,758 299,089 313,098 406,G78 441,110 557,368 655,012 691,650 734,643 762,207 850,084 917,756 973,246 995,484 1,060,589 1,282,656 1,289,560 1,352,124 1,389,123 1,836,673 1,918,295 2,551,113 2,681,444 2,776,407 2,855,832 2,971,975 3,197,391 4,019,188 4,592,576 5,718,524 6,093,066 6,167,498 6,928,019 7,016,491 7,313,924 8,470,273 8,827,195 11,858,497 10,798,036 25,003,756 95 | -------- ________ IN D E X . Total Product, by States, 1880. f 81 ' 3 Rank State Pound* 80.. k r - v .v Product per Square Mile, by States, 1880. Rank State 17 SCALE*. 1,000,000 Pounds. 000,000 000,000 Ala. . .31 Mo. . 6 A riz. .38 Mont. .27 A rk .. .35 Nebr. .25 C a l.. o N ev.. . 3 4 Colo. .14 N.H .. -26 Conn -41 N.J. . . 3 6 Dak. . .43 N .M exn Del. . .45 N .Y .. 4 D .C .. .47 N .C .. .29 Fla. . .42 (Ohio. 1 G a ... .24 Oreg. .11 Ida. . .44 P a ... . 5 h i . . . .10 IL L . -40 Ind. . . 9 S.C. . -40 Iowa. -15 Tenn -20 Kans. .16 T e x .. H K y ... .12 Utah. -28 L a.. . .37 v t . . . .19 M e... -17 Va. .21 M d .. .30 Wash -22 Mass. 39 W .V a .18 Mich. 3 Wis, - 7 Minn. -23 Wyo. . 3 3 Miss. .32 000,000 0 00 ,0 00 6 ,000,000 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 i Pounds D .C ... D ak. .. 1.1 Ida. .. 1.5 A riz. . 2.8 Fla. .. 3.0 N e v ... 6.0 Mont. . 6.9 Wyo. . 7.1 La. . . . 9.0 S.C. .. 9.0 A r k ... 10.5 U tah.. 11.8 Ala. .. 14.8 Miss. . 15.9 N ebr.. 16.8 M inn.. 17.1 N.C. .. 18.9 Wash.20.8 G a___ 21.9 T e x ... 26.4 Colo. . 30.8 N .M ex 32.8 Kans.. 35.0 M ass.. 37.2 |Va.. . . 45.8 T en n .. 45.9 C onn.. 47.5 Del. .. 50.0 ilow a .. 53.6 N.J. .. 59.2 O r e g .. 60.5 R .I .-.. 60.5 M d .... 8G.2 M e .... 92.9 M o .... 106.4 C a l.. . 107.7 W .V a. 108.8 Ill....... 108.8 K y ... . 114.8 N .H ... 117.8 W is ... 128.9 Ind. .. 171.7 N .Y ... 185.4 P a .. . . 188.3 M ieh .. 206.5 Vt. . . . 279.3 O h io.. 613.4 SCALE: 25 Pounds. IN D E X , 50 BBC ■BBSS! 75 100 Ala. . .35 M o ... .13 A riz. .44 Mont. .41 A rk.. -37 Nebr. .33 C a l.. .12 Nev.. .42 Colo. .27 N.H.. 8 Conn. .21 N .J .. .18 Dak.. .46 N.M ex 2 o < Del. . .20 N .Y .. 5 D.C. 47 N .C .. .31 Fla. . .43 .Ohio. . 1 G a ... -89 ,Oreg. .17 Ida. . .45 P a ... . 4 in .... 10 R .I... .16 Ind. . 6 S.C. . .38 Iowa .19 Tenn. .22 Kans. .25 T e x . . .28 K y ... 9 XJtah. .36 L a ... .39 V t ... 2 M e... .14 V a ... 23 M d .. .15 Wash -30 Mass. .24 W .Va .11 Mich. 3 W is .. . 7 Minn. 32 Wyo. .40 Miss. .34 ( 150 15 ,000 .000 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHA R LES S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. 2 0 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 2 5 .0 0 0 ,0 0 0 P late 116 LITE stock NT) : PRODUCTS PRODUCT PER SQUARE MILE, (Bast'd o n t h e R etu rn s o f t h e T en th Census.) >rtla n d Chicago* Total Product, by States, 1880 . Rank State 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Gallons N .M ex 10,036 Ida. .. 15,627 40,967 Fla. -Mont. . 41,165 A riz. . 42,618 Wyo. . . 75,343 N e v ... 149,889 Utah. . 155,263 Wash.226,703 227,540 O r e g .. La. . . . 256,841 S.C. . . 257,186 267,387 Ala. .. A r k .. . 316,858 Ga.. .. 374,045 Dak. . . 415,119 Miss. . 427,492 N .C .. . 446,798 0 .(7 ... 496,789 Colo. . 606,706 N ebr.. 625,783 W. Va. 750,279 Tenn.. 1,006,795 Del. .. 1,132,434 V a .... 1,224,469 T e x .. . 1,296,806 K ans.. 1,360,235 Minn.. 1,504,407 K y .... 2,513,209 M o .... 3,173,017 M e .... 3,720,783 R .I— 3,831,706 Md. .. 4,722,944 N .II... 5,739,128 V t____ 6,526,550 Ind. .. 6,723,840 M ich.. 7,898,273 Conn.- 12,289,893 C a l.... 12,353,178 N.J. .. 15,472,783 Iow a.- 15,965,612 W is ... 25,156,977 Mass.. 29,662,953 P a .. .. 36,540,540 Ill....... 45,419,719 O h io.. 46,801,537 N .Y ... 231.965,533 a u im KEY N .M E X , N o p r o d u c t r e p o r t e d ____ ___ U n der 5 G allons p e r Sq. Mile SCALE: , 6, a n d u n d er 10, p e r Sq. Mile 2,000,000 Gallons 4,000,000 INDEX 6 , 000,000 8 000,000 10, 000,000 Ala. . A rk .. A riz. . C a l.. Colo. Conn. Dak.. Del. . D .G .. Fla. . G a ..., Ida. . 111... Ind. . Iow a Kans. 35 K y_ 19)N.C. ..30 _ 34 La___371 h io.. 2 O 43 M e .... 17 Oreer. .38 9 M d .. .15 Fa----- 4 28 M ass.. 5 R . 10 Mich. .11 S. C. ..36 32 M inn.-20 Tenn..25 24 Miss. .31 Tex. -.22 29 M o .. .18 Utah. .40 45 Mont. .44 V t ... .13 33 Nebr. .27 Va----- 23 46 N ev...41 Wash.-39 3 N.H—.14 W .V a. 26 12IN.J. . . 8 Wis. 6 7\N.Mex47 Wyo.. .42 2llN .Y._. 1 lalveston g Product per Square Mile, by States, 1880. I . . .16 U n settled parts Gallon* Rank N.Mex. G a .... N eb r. S .C . N .O .. M iss.. K an s. M inn. T en n . W .V a V a .... M o ... K y .... C a l- . M o ... M ich . I n d ... I d a . .. . M ont . . A riz. . F la -----42 Wyo. Nev.. . Utah.. Oreg. D a k ... Wash.C o l o .. . Tex— Ala. . . L a ........ Ark— .. 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Gallons 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Gallons 6.4 8.2 8.5 9.2 9.2 16.6 19.0 24.1 30.4 30.5 46.2 62.8 79.1 124.5 137.5 187.3 Io w a . W is. . 287.8 462.0 479.0 677.8 637.3 714.5 811.1 812.3 1.148.2 2.075.5 2.636.6 3,531.5 3,689.4 4.871.2 8,279.8 Md. .. D el... N .H .. V t .... 111. . . . P a .. . . O h io . N.J— C onn. R .I ._ . M ass. N .Y .. D .C .. 7 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 0 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 9 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 0 100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 RETROSPECT (Farm Product). Pounds 313,345,306 459,681,372 100,000,000 p ou n d s. 8 500,000,000 BUTTER 614,092,683 777,250,287 FARM PRODUCT PER SQUARE MILE, (B ased on th e R etu rn s o f th e T en th Census.) f i^tland luffalo Milwaukee* Racine !&na w p 148 5 C Dubuque IO W A DesMoines oyio ! ' Im dianapoM j coW "*"s i J A \Kl LouiW^e Total Product, by States, 1880 . Rank State 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 P C ... N. Mex A riz. . Wyo. . Ida. .. N e v ... Fla. .. Mont. . Colo. . L a .. . . R .I___ U ta h .. W a s h .- Del. .. Dak. __ O reg.. S.C. .. N .C ... N .H ... G a - .. Miss. . M d .... A r k ... Ala. .. Conn.W .V a. N.J. .. Mass.. N ebr.. V a .... T e x ... Cal. . . M e .... Tenn.K y .~ . Minn.. Kans.. V t .... M o .... W is ... Ind. .. M ich.. HI....... Iow a . O h io.. P a .. . . N .Y ... Pounds 20,920 44,827 61,817 105,643 310,644 335,188 353,156 403,738 860,379 916,089 1,007,103 1,052,903 1,356,103 1,876,275 2,000,955 2,443,725 3,196,851 7,212,507 7,247,272 7,424,485 7,454,657 7,485,871 7,790.013 7,997,719 8,198,995 9,309.517 9,513,835 9,655,587 9,725,198 11,470,923 13,889,320 14,084,405 14,103,966 17,886,369 18,211,904 19,161,385 21,671,762 25,240,826 28,572,124 33,353,045 37,377,797 38,821,890 53,657,943 55,481,958 67,634,263 79,336,012 111.922,423 Santa Ft KEY N o p r o d u c t r e p o r t e d -------------U n d e r 10 P ou n d s p e r Sq. M ile. 10, a n d u n d er 100, p e r Sq. Mile.. 100 .. 200 15,000,000 200 • * 1,500 * • .. 1,000.. 600 ' INDEX. Ala. . 24; Ky.. .13 N .C ...3 0 A riz. . 45 La. .88,O h io.. 3 Me___ 15 Oreg. .32 A rk ... M d— 26 Pa. . . . 2 Cal. .. Colo. . Mass. .20 R . Mich.. 6 S. C. -.31 C onn.. D a k... Minn.. 12 T enn .. 14 Miss. .27 T ex. ..17 Del. .. M o .... 9 U tah.. 36 D .O . .. Mont. .40 Vt. --.1 0 Fla. .. N ebr.. 19 Va. ...1 8 G a ... . N e v ... 42 Wash.-35 Ida. .. N.II. ..29 W. Va.22 Ill....... Ind. .. N.J. ..21 W is ... 8 I o w a . N.M ex 46 Wyo. .44 Kans.. 11 N .Y ... 1 .. ialveston 1,000.* 1,500,a n d o v e r, Product per Square Mile, by States, 1300. I ....3 7 Hank 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 CO PYRIGH T, 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. State Pounds N.Mex. .4 A riz. . .5 1.1 Wyo. . Mont. . 2.8 3.1 Nev— Id a .... 37 Fla----6.5 C olo... 8.3 Lta h.. 12.8 D ak... 13.5 La....... 20.2 Wash.- 20.3 Oreg. . 25.8 Tex— 53.0 Cal- .. 90.3 S.C. . . 106.0 Hank State 31 Ga...... 30 Nebr. . 29 Ark---28 N .C.. . 27 Ala. . . 26 Miss—. 25 Minn. . 24 Kans. . 23 Va...... 22 D .C ... 21 W.Va.20 Mo___ 19 T enn.. 18 Ky...... 17 M "... . 16 1 Wis. .. Pounds R k an 125.9 127.6 146.9 148.5 155.2 160.9 241.9 265.3 285.9 348.7 377.7 415.7 428.4 455.3 471.8 622.5 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 State Pounds U n settled p a r t s _____ Mich. . 670.0 Md. .. . 759.2 N.H. . . 804.3 R .I----- 928.2 D el.... 957.3 Ill........ 958.2 Iowa .. 1,000.1 In d ,... 1,040.9 6 5 4 3 N .J ..., Ohio .. Conn. . Pa....... 2 N.Y. .. i Vt....... 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 „ 1,200.9 1,276.2 1,659.3 1,692.3 1,763.6 2,350.3 2,763.1 100 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 LITE PRODUCTS P late 117 Pounds Rank State 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 84 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 10 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 i STOCK! None. 1,712 2,406 2,930 4,239 7,018 10,501 10,867 i 14,091 36,018 17,416 17,420 18,360 19,151 20,295 26,301 39,437 55,570 57,380 58,466 58,468 66,518 67,171 85,535 98,740 100.300 109.200 126,727 153,198 230,819 D .C ... Del. .. Fla. .. Wijo. . Miss. . La. . . . N .M ex Colo. . Ala. .. S.C. .. N e v ... A riz. . G a .. . . Ida. .. A r k ... D a k ... Mont. . N.C. .. T e x ... K y .- .. N.J. .. R .I— V a .-Tenn.. W . Va. Wash.U tah.. Oreg. N ebr.. M o .... Inch .. M ich .. Kans.. Minn.. N .IL -. C onn.. Mass.. Pa. . . . n i....... Iow a . M e .... v t . ... O h io.. W is ... Cal. .. N .Y ... 807,076 826,195 1,545,789 2,170,245 2,281,411 2,566,618 8,362,590 1880. PR IC E-CH A RT OF C H E A PE ST GRADE C H E E SE FOR 56 YEARS. 1825. PR O D U CT S C O M PA R ED , 1880. 1864* 2 7 c. Cheese. sc a le Product Pounds : 100,000,000 Pounds. F a r m ... 27,272,489 F actory 215,885,361 T o t a l ... 243,157,850 200 , 000,000 300,000,000 400,000,000 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 600,000,000 700,000,000 800,000,000 Butter. Product Pounds F a r m ... 777,250,287 29,421,784 Factory T o t a l ... 806,672,071 I■ ■ ■ 1 Values of Annual Export of Butter and Cheese, 1821 to 1880. (Based on the R ep ort o f the Secretary o f the Treasury.) Cheese Butter — Values n ot given; 1822separately in t h e , 1823 original r e c o r d s 1824 previous to 1855. 1825 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 18361 1837. 1838 1839, 1840 1841 1842, 1843| 1844i 1845, 1846 18471 1848, 1849, 1850 18511 1852 1853 1854 is:,:, 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 ....................1- 418,723 580,286 593,084 541,863 750,911 1,144,321 2,355,985 4,164,344 6,733,743 6,140,031 7,292,715 1,267,851 1,184,367 582,745 484,094 592.229 853,096 1,498,812 952,919 1,092,381 1,506,996 1,109,496 4,424,616 3,931,822 5,421,205 6,690,687 5 514,034 887,705 647,423 731,910 649,302 1.565.630 3.321.631 2,715,892 4,216,804 5,638,007 11,697,746 6,036,— 7,893,535 7,010,424 6,437,866 8,881,934 8,752.990 7,752,918 10,498,010 11,898,995 13,659,603 12,270,083 12,700,627 14,103,529 12.579.968 12,171,720 Total SCALE OF CH AR T.—Each space betw een the price lines represents one cent. SCALEi am m m 221,041 192,778 204.205 247,787 1 .............. 207,765 184,049 176,354 176.205 142,370 364,796 290,820 258,452 190,099 164,809 114,033 96,176 148,191 127,550 210,749 504,815 388,185 808,968 758,829 878,865 1,063,087 1,741,700 1,361,368 1,654,157 I, 1,124,652 779,391 862,343 1,258,393 932,757 1,467,991 1,240,507 1,273,773 1,400,213 2,709,951 5,677,616 6.880,236 10,950.547 11,778,038 18,990,461 7,304,679 9,077,902 7,593,169 6,921,960 9,474,163 9,606,086 9,251,730 II, 450,929 12,991,376 15,166,599 13,379,579 17,125,243 18,035,351 18,001,173 18,862,407 $ 2 ,000,000 $4,000,000 Table of Lowest and Highest Prices of the Cheapest Grade of Butter, per Pound, in New York. (From “ The American Almanac and Treasury of Facts,” 1881.) Table of Lowest and Highest Prices of the Cheapest Grade of Cheese, per Pound, in New York. (From “ The American Almanac and Treasury of Facts,” 1881.) $6,000,000 $ 8,000,000 $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 H. Year 10c. 12 10 7 8 8 8 7 9 9 9 12 12 10 1839 1810 1811 IS 12 Hi:; 1811 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1850 1851 1852 Year L. $ 12,000,000 $14,000,000 $16,000,000 $18,000,000 $ 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1.830 1531 1832 ia33 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 5c. 6 6 4 4 5 5 5 6 5 6 7 6 8c. 5 3 5 4 3 6 6 6 5 5 4 4 6 H. Year) L. H. Year L. H. Year L. H. Year L. H. Year L. H. Year 12c. 9 7 9 G 7 8 8 8 8 7 8 8 9 1853 8c. 1854 6 1855 0 1856 6 1857 5 1858 3 1859 o 1SC0 9 1861 2 <1862 4 1863 8 1864 12 1865 10 1866 5 10c. 12 12 11 14 10 11 12 10 13 16 27 16 23 1867 7c. 1868 7 1869 11 1870 5 1871 5 1872 10 1873 8 1874 12 1875 9 1876 8 1877 8 1878 3 187!) 5 1830 6 20c. 19 23 18 16 19 16 17 16 13 16 14 13 14} 1825 8c. 18.26 13 1827 12 1328 13 1829 12 ISliO 12 1811 12 1832 12 1833 14 1834 12 1835 13 IS: 1110 1 1837 12 1838 17 22c. 18 22 18 16 16 18 18 20 17 22 26 24 27 1839 12c. 1310 12 1841 8 1812 9 1843 6 1814 8 1845 9 1846 10 1847 13 1818 13 1819 10 1850; 12 1851110 1852115 25c. 21 15 15 11 14 17 17 22 20 18 18 18 29 1853 13c. 1854 15 1855 17 1856 13 ia57 16 1858 13 1859,14 1800 10 1861 8 1862 10 1863114 1864 21 1865‘20 1866,25 24c. 24 28 28 28 25 27 21 22 26 30 48 38 60 1867 1808 1869 1S70 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1870 1877 1878 1879 18S0 L. 1866- * ^ ? ° » 6 0 c. H. 15c. 48c. 28 00 16 55 18 46 12 42 20 39 18 50 18 39 17 28 15 33 13 24 6 20 9t 24 14 30 1873, 5 0 c . PR IC E-CH A RT OF CH E A PE ST GRADE BU TTER FOP 4 ! 1825. I Lowest and Highest Prices, per Pound, in New York, j 215,463 I ' i I i I ! ! 1 1 1 ! i 1 I 1 ’$4 ’65 ’ 6 ’d7 ’68 ’fl(l®»)ll *25’26 ’27 ’28 '9( S30V1 ’32 ’33 ’34 ’35 ’36 ’37 ’38 ’9( m n ’42 ’43 ’44 ’45 ’46 ’47 '48 ’9(1850)’ ! ’52 ’53 ’54 ’55 ’56 ’57 ’58 ’9( ISC» ’ l ’62 30c. 1 . 1 i 1 1 | 1 1 1 \ _L r 1 ' i 1 L 4 I 1 n 1 1 I v A 4 _L 1 i 1 ’i 1 T T t 1\ 1 i i fl 1 Highest, 1 1 | 'l l -i— 1 « ■ i Price IX L ~r~ 1 1 K | • i 7 1 »' 1 T i 1 T" | 1 J 1 . \ JT X .... i i 1 t * • I 1 1 i i •i j i y ■ V » 'i ■ 1 1 1 . % 1 i N i i 7 7 . 1 1 T i L 7 i | T" i t . * i X ij 1 i 1 • i l | l l 1 | . 1 1 1 T 1 . Lowest P rice ® 6c h f i L 1 1 T i 17 L ... i ! 7 T 7 I / * i i l T < i f r i TX « | \ 1 i7 i. i/ r\ 1 1 | 1 tl 17 w j. ; • I I ! (Based on the accom panying table o f prices.) t 1880. I M rs; J i ! y i ! i it ’73 ’74 1 ' 1 i J_ pi— 1 A_______ 'W ’77 ’78 ’9( _m | Highest . Price 3 0 c. 1 | 1~ i i 1 1 1 1 T | 1 i ! ... A h i 1 A L S' r i 1 1 i i 1 1 i . l 1 _L 1 1 _L 1 1 | 1 i * 20c. •Lowest Price IOC. |1 ll 8c. 6c. 1 • 5’20 ’27(28 ’9(18311ri ’32’33’34’35’36’37(38 ’9( IS40)’ l 42 ’43’44’45’4G’47 ’48’9( 85«)’i ’52’53’54 ’55’56’57 ’58 ’9( 860V1’62’63’6 | 2 4 ’65’66’67’68 ’9( 870)’ ! ’72’73’74'75’76’77’78’9('89 SCALE OF CHART .— a ch space b e tw e e n the price lin es represents one cent. E COP-YRIGHT, 1883, BY C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SONS. XII—M a n u fa c tu r e s I N D E X TO P L A T E S . PRODUCT OF ALL MANUFACTU RES.... Plate 118 SLAUGHTERING AND MEAT-PACKING... Plate 127 Per Capita, by Counties; by States. Specific Industries. Retrospect, I8 6 0 —18 80. Total Product, by States. FLOURING AND GRIST-MILLS.................Plate 119 Product, Per Capita. Total Product. Export of W heat Flour. Western Flour; Prices, 1 8 2 6 —1880. IRON AND STEEL......................................... Plate 120 Product, Per Capita. Total Product. Export, 1 8 6 0 —1880. Import, 1 8 4 0 —1880. Prices, 1 8 2 6 —1880. ROLLING-MILLS. BLAST FU RNACES.... Plate 121 Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total. STEEL-WORKS. BLOOMARIES. FORGES, Plate 122 Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total. SPECIFIC COTTON GOODS...................... Plate 123 Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total. FACTORY-MADE BOOTS AND SHOES.... Plate 127 Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total. LEATHER, TANNED AND CURRIED..... ..Plate 128 Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total. LUMBER, SAWED. AGRICULTURAL IM PLEMENTS ............................................... Plate 129 Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total. SHIPBUILDING.................................................Plate 130 Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total. CHEMICALS............................ Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total. PAPER. BRICK AND T ILE .......................... Plate 131 Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total. » Product, Per Capita. Total Product. Annual Crop, 1 8 2 9 —1880. State Crop, 1880. Upland Cotton; Prices, 1 8 2 6 —1880. WOOLEN GOODS.......................................... Plate 124 Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total. Import and Export, 1 8 4 0 —1880. Cheapest Grade W o o l; Prices, 1 8 2 5 —1880. MIXED TEXTILES. WORSTED GOODS.. Plate 125 Plate 130 FACTORY-CHEESE AND BUTTER...............Plate 132 Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total. GLASS..................................................................Plate 132 Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total. SELECTED INDUSTRIES, BY STATES, Plates 133-134 State Products of $ 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 or Over. Retrospect, by States, 18 5 0 —18 80. Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total. SILK AND SILK GOODS..............................Plate 125 • INDUSTRIES IN TWENTY CITIES. .. Plates 135-136 City Products of $ 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 or Over. Product, Per Capita. Total Product. Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total. DYEING AND FINISHING............................Plate 126 Product, Per Capita. Total Product. POWER, TOTAL; STEAM; WATER... Plates 137-138 Ratio, To Population; To Total Power. Increase of Power and of Population, 1 8 7 0 —1880. Power Employed in Special Industries, 18 80. HOSIERY AND KNIT GOODS. CARPETS, Plate 126 Product, Per Capita; Selected; Total. In G eneral. — The great group of manu 253,852, and of hands employed, 2,732,595; W ith the increasing density of settlement facturing industries, second in magnitude only the value of materials used was $3,396,823,549, of the country, the importance of this industry to agriculture in the United States, employed and the value of products, $5,369,579,191. The relative to agriculture has rapidly increased. during the census year a capital of $2,790,- total amount paid in wages was $947,953,795, In 1850 the capital invested in manufactures 272,606* an average of $346 per hand employed. was but 8 per cent, of that in agriculture. The census statistics relate only to those manufac turing establishments whose production during the census year amounted to $500 or more, and are exclusive, also, of the fol lowing industries: Fisheries, quartz-milling, petroleum-refining, gas factories and manufacturing by steam railroad companies. *N o t e .— The number of establishments was The In manu i860 it was 13 per cent.; in 1870 it reached factured goods over that of all the materials 19 per cent., and in 1880 it had become 23 per used was $1,972,755,642, an average of $720 cent., or nearly one-fourth that of agriculture. per hand. In 1870 the value of the products of manu total increase in the value of the SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS, XC1V Taking the figures of the census of 1870 as The increase between 1870 and 1880 of products, the basis of comparison, it would appear, from 33.3 per cent, in the total number of hands while in 1880 the proportion had risen to 89 the first column of the preceding table, that the employed, taken in connection with the increase per cent. amount of capital and value of materials and of 64.6 in the total amount of capital invested, The following tables group the principal of products, increased in a ratio varying only and of 58.6 in the value of products, shows, statistics of manufactures for the four census slightly from the increase of population (30.08 moreover, that the tendency during the decade years mentioned: per cent.). was toward an economy of labor by the em factures, less that of raw material, was 71 per cent, of the value of agricultural E tion of values by reducing the figures of 1870 C . CENSUS. Number. a p it a l extent to which such economy increased is shown in the fourth column of the same table, measured by the value, per hand, of the im is found to be more than double that of popu provements effected on the materials employed. of labor-saving machinery. The . Average per * Establish ment. Per Capita of Population. Amount. ployment to a gold basis, the actual rate of increase, as s t a b l is h m e n ts After making the proper equaliza 1880........ 253,852 $2,790,272,606 $55-63 $10,992 lation in the case of both capital and materials, In 1870 the excess, per hand, in the value of 1870........ 252,148 2,118,208,769 and in the value of products nearly double that the products over the value of the materials i860........ 140,433 1850........ 123,025 1009,855.715 , 533, 245,351 54-94 33-12 22.99 8,400 of population. used, was 7,191 4,334 A still greater increase in these $679 (gold). In 1880 this had ratios might justly be made, inasmuch as the H a n d s CENSUS. . W purchasing power of gold was considerably . of each hand having increased $41, or about greater in 1880 than in 1870, when the prices 6 per cent. of all commodities were inflated, but the exact 1880 by 2,732,595 hands, would have required, amount of this it is very difficult to fix. a g e s increased to $720, the annual value of the work in 1870, 2,913,720 hands. The amount of work done in Average per Establish ment. Amount. Average per Hand. 2 732,595 , 10.8 $947 953,795 , $346 2,053,996 8.1 775,584,343 378 I,31 1,246 9 -3 378,878,966 289 this table further shows that the rate of increase G e o g r a p h ic a l 236, 755,464 247 from 1850 to i860 was notably greater than Manufactures are distributed very unequally in either of the following decades in all the throughout the country. principal items affecting value of manufactures shows the percentage of the total population (except only the cost of materials in 1870). and of the total manufacturing capital of the 0 00 M 1880........ i860........ 957,059 0 10 M 00 *00 Number. M a t e r ia l s . P r o d u c t s Excess over Value of Materials. E xce ss per hand over M a t e r ia ls , $ 5 ,3 6 9 ,5 7 9 ,1 9 1 $ 1, 9 7 2 , 755,642 d 00 M CENSUS. . 2 ,4 8 8 ,4 2 7 ,2 4 2 4 ,2 3 2 ,3 2 5 ,4 4 2 i 8 6 0 .......... T, ° 3 i , 6 0 5 ,0 9 2 5 5 5 ,1 2 3 ,8 2 2 Value. Value. 1 8 8 0 .......... $ 3 ,3 9 6 ,8 2 3 ,5 4 9 A comparison of the last three columns of D is tr ib u t io n .— The following table O IO M CO The following table shows the percentage country found in the several sections, with the $720 of increase in the number of manufacturing percentage which the capital invested in manu 1, 743, 8 9 8,20 0 849 establishments and in the number of hands factures forms of the value of farms in each 1 ,8 8 5 ,8 6 1 ,6 7 6 8 5 4 ,2 5 6 ,5 8 4 651 employed, for each decade since 1850: section: 1 ,0 1 9 ,1 0 6 ,6 1 6 4 6 3 ,9 8 2 ,7 9 4 485 P During the decade from 1870 to 1880, the number of manufacturing establishments in e r c e n t a g e I o f n c r e a se . P SECTION. DECADE. N E u m ber N o f s t a b l is h m e n t s . H u m ber a n d s E T M o t a l o p u l a t io n T M o t a l a n u f a c t u r . a p it a l V . a t io o f a n u f a c t u r in g in g C . R e r c e n t a g e o f e r c e n t a g e o f P o f m p l o y e d P C a p it a l a l u e F t o o f a r m s . creased only 00.7, while the increase in the ON 61.3 15.2 6.1 18.9 Northern C entral.... 34-6 25-7 13-9 Southern Central---- 0 0 U M 3-7 10.6 Western...................... 3-5 2.9 20.9 1870 to 1880........................ 00.7 33-3 North Atlantic.......... 0 0 W 61.6 number of hands was 33.3 per cent., slightly exceeding the rate of increase of population. i860 to 1870........................ 79-5 56.6 South Atlantic.......... 1850 to i860........................ 14.1 37-o This indicates an enlarging of previously exist ing establishments, and a reduction of their The most striking" feature of the above table number by combinations and otherwise, to is the very slight increase in the number of an extent which nearly counterbalanced the establishments 1880, in In the states and territories north of Mason very considerable additions of new establish marked contrast with the prodigious increase, and Dixon’s line, the Ohio river and the south ments. amounting to 79.5 per cent., in the preceding boundary of Missouri— comprising less than decade. In comparing the statistics of the last three between 1870 and / The explanation is found in the fact one-third of the area and about two-thirds of censuses all the figures of values for 1870 that the period between the close of the Civil the population of the United States— is con should be reduced by about 20 per cent., to W ar and the financial panic of 1873, was one centrated not less than 87.3 per cent, of the bring them to a gold basis. The following of the utmost activity in manufactures, and the manufacturing capital of the country. the rate of increase in the multiplication of establishments, especially of table presents The North Atlantic section is far in the lead several items relating to values, first in accord small ones, was unprecedented. ance with the census figures for 1870, or on of 1870 was taken in the midst of this time of value of farms. the paper basis, and, secondly, after making the apparent financial though holding the second place in the amount required reduction, or on the gold basis: depression ensuing, weeded out a large pro of capital invested in manufactures, is sur portion of the smaller establishments, and the passed by both the W estern and the South subsequent growth, following the well-known Atlantic sections in the ratio between the P e r c e n t a g e o n VALUE. I o f a p e r B i8 6 0 n c r e a se a sis P e r c e n t a g e . o n 18 5 0 18 70 G I o f o l d B n cr e a se a s is i8 6 0 . 18 50 The severe in the ratio of manufacturing capital to the The Northern Central section, TO TO TO TO TO tendency of this industry, has been chiefly in manufacturing and the agricultural interests. 18 70 . i8 6 0 . 1880. 18 70 . i8 6 0 . the direction of an enlargement of the greater The explanation of this anomaly is found in Capital................ 3 i -7 I O 9 .9 89-3 6 4 .6 6 7 .7 89-3 establishments. the relatively low value of farms in the latter Materials............ 36.5 I 4 I .2 8 5 .8 7 0 .6 9 2 .9 Products............. 2 6 .9 I 2 4 .4 8 5 .0 58.6 79.6 8 5 .0 Excess of products over materials.............. i 3 -i 10 4 . I 8 4 .1 4 1 .4 63-3 8 4 .1 0 °. in TO 1880. 00 18 70 P prosperity. The census This tendency was especially noticeable during the decade from 1870 to sections. Nearly one-half of the total manu 1880, when the average capital per establish facturing capital of the South Atlantic section ment increased from $6,720 (gold) to $10,992, is supplied by Maryland, or, in other words, by or no less than 61.1 per cent Baltimore and its vicinity. MANUFA CTURES. The following table shows the total manu For a like other of the principal manufacturing industries. facturing capital of each state and territory, reason, and because also of their great lumber W hile Pennsylvania and New York have the and the percentage which it forms of the value ing interests, W isconsin and Michigan precede largest amount of capital invested, they are of farms, together with the percentage of urban Ohio, and Minnesota outranks Illinois in the approached closely by the great grain-growing population in each: ratio of manufacturing to agricultural capital. states of Illinois, Ohio, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Total STATES. Rhode Island................. . Massachusetts......................... District of Columbia............. Connecticut............................ New Hampshire..................... New Jersey............................ New York.............................. Pennsylvania........................... Maine...................................... Wyoming................................ Maryland................................ Montana................................ Neyada................................... Arizona.................................. Delaware................................ Idaho...................................... Washington............................ California................................ Vermont................................. Wisconsin............................... Louisiana................................ Michigan................................ Missouri.................................. Utah....................................... Georgia.................................... Ohio.......................................... Colorado................................... Florida..................................... Minnesota................................ South Carolina........................ Kentucky................................. Illinois...................................... Wirginia.................................... Alabama................................... Oregon...................................... West Virginia.......................... Tennessee................................. North Carolina........................ Indiana...................................... New Mexico............................ Iowa.......................................... Kansas...................................... Mississippi................................ Nebraska.................................. Texas........ ................................ Arkansas................................... D akota..................................... Manufacturing Capital. Amount of Manufac Ratio of turing Urban to Capital to Total each $100 Population in Value of (Per Cent.) Farms. $75 ,575,943 303,806,185 5 ,552,526 120,480,275 51,112,263 106,226,593 514,246,575 $292 208 IOO The greater proportion of the grain, exclusive of that exported, was of establishments, capital, value of materials ground and of products in 1880, are as follows: W hat slight movement there was to mill, was 66 m a n u f a c t u r e s . not far from where 'it was raised. in an easterly direction. N o. of E sta b lish m ents. CLASSES o f C ap ita l. V a lu e o f M aterials. V a lu e o f Products. 54 56 26 52 1,959 42,994,028 102,442,442 166,050,354 49 54 B rick and T i l e .............................. 5 ,63 1 2 7,6 73 ,6 16 9,774,834 32,833,587 49 39 195 21,468,587 18,984,877 31,792,802 49 21 C arpets (other than ra g )............ C h eese and B u tte r....................... 3,932 9,604,803 18,363,579 2 5,742 ,510 C h em ical Products (b ) ................ 1,349 85,394,211 77,494,425 117 ,3 7 7 ,3 2 4 C o tton G oods (Specific)............. 756 208,280,346 102,206,347 192,0 90 ,110 D y e in g and F in ish in g T e x tile s 191 26,223,981 13,664,295 32,297,420 F e lt G o o d s..................................... 26 1,958,254 2,530 ,710 3,619,652 d u c t s ....................................... 24,338 177,36 1,8 78 441,545,225 5 0 5 ,18 5,712 19,844,699 8,028,621 Thus, the North Atlantic section, which raised a little more than 34.000. 000 bushels, ground 43,750,000 bushels. 2 1,15 4 ,5 7 1 67 49,988,171 364,673 5 8,742,384 44 899,390 28 35 39 .. 1,323,300 272,600 15,655,822 677,215 3,202,497 61,243,784 23,265,224 73,821,802 11,462,468 92 ,930,959 72,507,844 2,656,657 20,672,410 188,939,614 4 ,3 n , 7 i 4 3,210,680 31,004,811 11,205,894 25 24 24 24 23 23 22 21 45 , 813,039 15 14 13 12 11 10 10 10 10 8 14 27 12 6 5 12 8 5 3 140,652,066 26,968,990 9,668,008 6 ,3 I2,° 5 6 13,883,390 20,092,845 13 ,045,639 65,742,962 463,275 33,987,886 11,192,315 4,727,600 4,881,150 9 , 245 ,5 6 i 2 ,953,130 771,428 Michigan and Indiana. grouped by the Census office, with the number 90 474,5 IO> 993 The principal classes of manufactures, as 77 153 farm values, see page lxxxiii). xcv 19 19 19 39 18 29 A gricu ltu ral Im p lem en ts.......... 1,943 B oots and Shoes (a ) .................... $68,640,486 $62,109,668 $ 3 1,5 3 1,17 0 F lo u rin g and G rist-M ill Pro- .. G la s s ................................................ 2 11 40 II 21 24 22 H o sie ry and K n it G o o d s .. . . . 359 15 ,57 9 ,5 9 1 15 ,210 ,95 1 1,005 230,971,884 1 9 1 ,2 7 1 ,1 5 0 296,557,685 7 1,3 5 1,2 9 7 000,000 of bushels. This difference, however, of 123,500,000 bushels grain consisted mainly of exported, which was supplied almost entirely by the Northern Central states and the Pacific coast. 2 ,319 16,878,520 3,105 50,222,054 85,949,207 113,348,336 L u m b er, S a w e d ......................... 25,708 18 1.18 6 ,12 2 146,155,385 233,268,729 only to Great Britain, and at the present rapid M ixed T e x tile s............................. 470 37,996,057 3 7,2 27,741 66,221,703 5 5,10 9 ,914 rate of progress in this industry will soon stand 33,9 51,29 7 8 P a p e r................................................ .692 46,241,202 17 28 3i S h ip b u ild in g................................ . 2,188 20,979,874 19,736,358 36,800,327 S ilk and S ilk G o o d s................... 382 19,125,30 0 £18,569,166 0 4 , 5 1 9 ,7 2 3 Slaughterin g and M eat P a ck in g 872 49 ,4 19 ,2 13 267,738,902 303,562,413 W o o le n G o o d s.............................. 1,990 96,095,564 100,845,611 160,606,721 W orsted G oods............................. 76 20,374,043 22,013,628 3 3 , 5 4 9 ,9 4 2 9 7 5 IO 8 7 3 17 6 II 5 2 3 •• The rank of states in the above list, as iron and steel, the United States ranks second abreast of its only rival. The following table, compiled for the Tenth Census by Mr. James M. Swank, shows the position of the United States among the great iron and steel producing a. N o t in clu d in g custom w o rk and repairing. b. In clud in g, besides “ D ru g s and C h e m ica ls” (see Plate 118), other chem ical countries of the globe. c. products (cf, p. xcvii.) N e t value. in tons of 2,240 pounds: F lo u rin g an d G rist-M ills — During were in operation, with a capital of $177,361,878, an average of $7,287 per establishment. They gave employment to 58,407 hands, who received in wages $17,422,316, or an average of $298 per hand for the year. stone was 59,612, 4,730,106 bushels. The number of runs of and the daily capacity Production is measured P ig I r o n . St e e l . COUNTRIES. Y the census year, 24,338 flouring and grist-mills 7 4 In manufactures of L ea th er, T a n n e d ......................... J9 17 Iro n an d Steel. — 59,306,509 18 5 329.500.000, ground only a little over 206,- L e a th e r, C u rried ......................... 23 19 17 l6 l6 16 Northern Central section, which raised 2 9 ,16 7,2 27 Iron and S te e l.............................. The Great Britain........................ United States........................ Germany................................. F ranee. . . . .......................... Belgium.................................. Austria and Hungary.......... Russia..................................... Sweden................................... Other Countries.................... . e a r T o n s . 1880 « 7, 749,233 3,83SU9i 1879 1880 2,397,818 Y e a r . T 1415,382 , 1247,335 , 1880 u < ( 776,500 it L 7 5,2 9 ° 4 586,051 1879 448,197 1880 429,865 1879 u (t 1879 u 336,992 1880 200,000 378,445 135,000 I 3U9 5 3 211,004 28,118 20,000 u 1880 T otal.......................... o n s. 17,688,596 4,343,719 The number of bushels of determined by the ratio of manufacturing capi wheat supplied to these mills during the year Iron was manufactured in this country to a tal to the value of farms, shows a general was 304 ,775 .737 . valued at $315,394,386; of small amount from early colonial times, and at correspondence with the proportion of urban other grain, 234,907,220 bushels, valued the close population. $112,372,071. Thus, Rhode Island, with much the largest urban element of any of the states, employs The at ratio between the total of the W ar of Independence the domestic supply of nails and spikes nearly value of materials ($441,545,225) and of the equaled the demand. The first general sta products ($505,185,712) is about as 87 to 100. tistics of manufactures collected in 1810 for the nearly three times as much capital in manu A comparison with similar items from the third census, although confessedly very incom factures as in agriculture, and Massachusetts, census of 1870, shows that while the number plete, showed a total iron product valued at with the next largest urban population, is of mills increased only 8 per cent, during the $14,364,524. A s late as 1831 the annual product second. The District of Columbia, although it decade, the capital (reducing that of 1870 to of steel was only 2,000 tons, none of which was owes its almost exclusively urban character to gold) increased 46 per cent.; the number of of the best quality of crucible make. exceptional causes, nevertheless stands third. hands Connecticut, with a nearly even balance alike amount of wages increased 49 per cent.; the of urban and rural population and of manufac amount of grain fed to the mills increased The surprisingly high position in this list of New Hampshire, Maine and Vermont, and of several Western territories, is due to the relatively low value of their farming lands (for 47 per cent. very slightly, while the The progress in production of pig iron is shown as follows: Y E A R . T o n s . These figures show a remarkably close correspondence between the increase of capital, wages and amount of grain milled. The distribution of flouring and grist-mills is more uniform than is the case with any P e r I C e n t , n c r e a se 1810........................................ 53,908 1840........................................ 315,000 i860........................................ 1870........................................ 821,223 2,052,821 150 1880........................................ 3 ,8 3 5 ,J 9 i 0 0 v| turing and agricultural interests, is fourth. diminished .... 484 l6 l o f . SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS. XCV1 W ith this rapid progress in production, the The following table shows the principal The high per capita product of W yom ing improvement in quality of product has fully classes of the products of iron manufacture, in (Plate 120) is explained by the smallness of kept pace. tons: its population. United The States pig is iron product of the among the best in the world, and the Bessemer steel made here is now confessedly fully as good as the English. The only point in which Great Britain still excels is in the production of steel for fine Pig iron and castings from furnace................................ 3,781,021 All products of iron rolling-mills...................................... 2,353,248 Bessemer steel finished products.................................... Open hearth steel “ Crucible steel “ “ “ 889,896 Specific C o tto n M a n u fa ctu re s— .................................... .................................... 93,*43 70,319 Blister and other steel......................................................... 4,956 all manufactures of cotton into fabrics known Products of forges and bloomaries.................................. Under this head are included by the Census cutlery. The following summary presents the con 72,557 and sold as cotton goods, as distinguished from T o ta l ...................................................................... 7,265,140 those of special mills, working raw cotton, In the following table are presented the waste, or cotton yarn into hose, webbing, tape, dition of the iron and steel industry in 1880 leading items of materials used, in tons: and in 1870, showing the percentage of increase Iron o r e ............................................................................... 7,709,708 Limestone............................................................................. 3,169,149 during the decade: I r o n a n d S t e e l M a n u f a c t u r e s fancy fabrics or mixed goods. Anthracite c o a l................................................................. 3,322,498 . 1880. 1870. P er c e n ta g e o f In crea se. Bituminous coal................................................................... 5,659,055 Coke...................................................................................... 2,277,555 O f the total amount of capital invested in Number of establishments... 808 1,005 24.38 Capital...................................... $230,971,884 $121,772,074 89.68 Value of materials.................. $191,271,150 $135,526,132 41.13 Value of products.................. $296,557,685 $207,208,696 43.12 The following table shows the condition of this industry in 1880 and in 1870, with the changes during the decade: C o t t o n M a n u f a c t u r e s 1880. 956 iron and steel works in the country, 46 per cent, was in Pennsylvania. Then followed Establishments............................................ Ohio with 11 per cent., and New York with Capital...................................... $ 2 0 8 ,2 8 0 ,3 4 6 9 per cent.; Missouri and New Jersey had each Spindles.................................... 1 0 ,6 5 3 ,4 3 5 49 57 , 3 i o 44 135,369 28 3,655,21:5 98.76 140,978 77,555 81.78 4 per cent., while in no other state was the Looms...................................... 2 2 5 ,7 5 9 i Number of hands employed.. Wages paid.............................. $55 476,785 , capital over 3 per cent, of the total capital Operatives................................ 36-93 172,544 employed in the iron and steel works of the W ages...................................... $ 4 2 ,0 4 0 ,5 1 0 should be diminished by one-fifth in order to reduce them to the gold standard— a reduction Cotton consumed, b a les........ country. For more than a century, Pennsylvania has been the leading iron manufacturing state. In “ “ i, 4 7 7 , ! 32 , 4 i 5 7,265,140 A ll money values of the Census of 1870 21 — $ 1 4 0 ,7 0 6 ,2 9 1 Weight of products (tons). . . $ 4 0 ,5 1 4 ,9 8 1 P e r cen t, o f In c re a se . 18 70 . 756 . 8 $ 39 , 044,132 57o,344 995,770 value........ $ 8 6 ,9 4 5 ,7 2 5 All materials, value................ $ 1 0 2 ,2 0 6 ,3 4 7 $ 1 1 1 ,7 3 6 ,9 3 6 Product, value........................ $ 1 9 2 ,0 9 0 ,1 1 0 $ 58 — •• -9 177 , 489,739 8 which must be made in all comparisons of the 1870 its product was slightly over 50 per cent, values of 1880 and 1870. After making this of the whole product of the country, and in allowance, the increase in capital is seen to 1880 only a trifle less than this proportion. W hen the values in 1870, given in the amount to 137.1 per cent., in materials to 76.42, Ohio stood second in 1870 and 1880, and New above table, are reduced to a gold standard, of products to 78.9, and in wages to 71.16 per York third, although during the past decade its it appears that capital increased 85 per cent., cent. increase was much less than the average of and wages 35 per cent., during the decade. the whole country. Materials show, Taken in connection with the large increase in these items, the relatively small T h e m in u s sig n in d ica tes a decrease. instead of a decrease, an increase in the number of establishments indi A comparison of the rank of the twelve increase of 14 per cent., and this in spite of cates a prevailing tendency to the enlargement leading states in this industry in 1870 and the fact that raw cotton decreased in average of existing works, rather than to the creation 1880, shows great relative changes, as follows: price (gold) from 17^ to 12 cents per pound in the interval. of new establishments. Rank i n Rank in Product in 1880. (Tons.) 1880. 1870. STATES. The following table shows the number and The product shows an increase of 36 per cent., while, as in the case of raw cotton, the price, in gold, of cotton goods had capacity of iron and steel works of different Pennsylvania........................... I I 3,616,668 classes in 1880: Ohio........................................ 2 2 93 °, J4 i New York................................ 3 3 598,300 Illinois..................................... 15 4 417,967 New Jersey............................ 4 5 243,860 Wisconsin.............................. 12 6 178,935 49 per cent, in the number of spindles and of West Virginia........................ IO 7 147,487 44 per cent, in that of looms, while the amount Michigan................................ 8 8 142,716 Massachusetts......................... 9 9 Missouri.................................. 6 IO I 4 b 3 2i 125,758 Kentucky................................ 7 Blast furnaces (completed stacks).......................................... 681 Rolling-mill establishments...................................................... 324 Single puddling furnaces (excluding puddling machines).. 4,319 Hammers in iron rolling-mills................................................. 239 Heating furnaces....................................... 2,105 Trains of rolls in iron rolling-mills........................................ 1,206 fallen nearly 50 per cent. W ith the great reduction in the number of establishments was associated an increase of of cotton used increased in still greater ratio. Nail m achines.......................................................................... 3,775 Steelworks................................................................................. 73 Bessemer converters................................................................ 24 Open hearth steel furnaces...................................................... 37 Pot holes for crucible steel...................................................... 2,691 Trains of rolls in steel works.................................................. 136 Hammers in steel works.......................................................... 219 in twenty-five states. In 1880 the number of The first cotton factory in the country was Forges and bloomaries............................................................ 118 iron manufacturing states was increased to erected at Providence, Rhode Island, shortly Forge and bloomary fires........................................................ 495 1 thirty, besides the territory of W yom ing and after the close of the Revolution. Siemens rotator........................................................................ Hammers in forges and bloomaries........................................ 141 the District of Columbia, and notwithstand of the third census gave the number of factories ing the fact that South in 1810 as 168, with 90,000 spindles. Daily capacity of blast furnaces (tons).................................. 19,248 “ “ of iron rolling-mills (tons).............................16,430 * “ of Bessemer converters (tons)..................... 4,467 “ “ of open hearth steel furnaces (tons)............. 827 “ “ of Bessemer and open hearthsteel roll ing-mills (tons) Daily capacity of crucible steel works (tons)........................ u “ of forges and bloomaries (tons)..................... Maryland................................ 5 II 12 123 , 75 ! 110,934 In 1870 iron and steel were manufactured Carolina dropped Moreover, the increase in number of operatives by no means kept pace with that of spindles or looms, or of amount of cotton consumed, a fact which shows greater economy of labor. The returns O f these 445 520 Massachusetts had 54 with The states in which production commenced Rhode Island 26 with 21,030 spindles, and between 5,223 out of the number of producers meantime. Connecticut 14 with 11,883 spindles. 1870 and 1880, were Colorado, 19,448 spindles, A t this Kansas, Nebraska, Oregon, Texas and New period fully two-thirds of the cotton cloth used Hampshire. in the country was of household manufacture. M ANUFA CTURES. XC V ll The progress of cotton manufactures from vania nearly one-fifth, and this group of states W o rste d G oods. — The 1850 to i860 is presented in the following nearly seven-eighths of all the capital invested worsted goods, also, is confined almost entirely table: in this industry. to the states of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, COTTON MANUFACTURES. i860. The growth of woolen manufactures since 1850. 1,091 1,074 Capital...................................... $98,585,269 $76,032,578 Value of material.................... $57,285,534 $37 ,778,064 E stab lish m en ts......... 1,990 Value of products.................. $115,681,774 $65,501,687 H a n d s .......................... 86,504 C a p ita l......................... $96,095,564 W a g e s ......................... $25,836,392 W oolen M an u factu res. of the capital of the country, and furnish a 1880. 97,956 $17,267,112 $23,940,108 Wages................................. .. i860. 1850.* 2,891 1,260 1,8 17 80,053 28,050 3 4 ,8 9 5 $98,824,531 $30,862,654 $26,671,542 $26,877,575 $9,808,254 $7,167,900 M a te ria ls.................... $100,845,611 $96,432,601 $36,586,887 $24,912,455 Produ cts...................... $160,606,721 122,028 Operatives................................ 1870. $ 1 5 5 , 4 0 5 ,3 5 8 $6 1,89 5,217 $43,542,288 Massachusetts was then, as now, the leading * In clu d in g W orsted Goods. state, followed by Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, New York and Connecticut, each of which states had, in 1850, over 100 establishments, and more than $4,000,000 of capital. The principal seat of the cotton facture is in New England. The percentage of increase in the abovementioned items, during the last two decades, reducing values of 1870 to gold, was as follows: manu Percentage o f Increase, 1870 to 1880. W OOLEN M AN U FACTU RES. In 1880 these six states absorbed 75 per cent, of the capital Atlantic section, furnished 12 per cent., the P ercentage o f Increase, i860 to 1870. - 3 1 .1 7 129.44 8.06 185-39 21 55 1 5 6 .17 W a g e s..................................................................................... 20.16 119.22 M a te ria ls............................................................................... 30.72 110.86 Products.................................... ............................................ 28.38 100.86 H a n d s..................................................................................... invested in this industry in the United States, while the six remaining states of the North South Atlantic and Southern Central states, in cotton manufactures. The comparison, as extended to other items below, is especially significant: The greatest amount cent, of the total capital invested in cotton manufacturing in the country. importance are Rhode Percentage o f Increase, 1870 to 1880. Percentage o f Increase, i860 to 1870. A v e ra g e cap ital p er establishm ent................................ 7 6 -5 8 104.34 “ num ber o f hands per estab lishm ent............ 58.04 with over “ annual w ages per h an d .................................... 1 1 .1 5 — 23.18 valu e p e r hand o f products o v er m aterials. 17.2 2 New Hampshire, Maine, leads, followed by Pennsylvania and Rhode Island. D y e in g a n d F in ish in g o f T e x tiles .— The statistics of the Census do “ not include establishments connected with cotton, woolen and silk factories, but only independent dye-works, bleacheries and print-works.” The values of products given are only the “ values added to the fabrics by the processes of these establishments.” In this class of manufactures was invested, in 1880, a capital of $26,223,981, distributed among 191 establishments. The value of the materials used was $13,664,295, and of the industry follows The distribution of this closely that of cotton and 26.67 86.53 of capital being in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, New Hampshire and New York. O f the total capital, over 99 per cent, was — 3 4 -6 8 T o ta l valu e o f products over m aterials....................... T h e m inus sign in d icates a decrease. $28,000,000, and Connecticut with more than $20,000,000, while Massachusetts 2 4 -3 9 The next in Island, industry In this woolen manufactures, the principal investment W OOLEN M AN U FACTU RES. in any one state is in Massachusetts, which has over $72,000,000 invested, or nearly 35 per similar proportion of the product. products $32,297,420. together, 11 per cent., leaving in the rest of the country only 2 per cent, of the capital engaged Rhode Island, New Y ork and Pennsylvania, which jointly possess not less than 97 per cent, 1850 is shown in the following table: Establishments......................... manufacture of located in the North Atlantic group of states. H o siery an d K n it G o od s.— The manufacture of hosiery and knit goods was M ix ed T extiles .— The carried on during 1880 in 359 establishments, New York and Pennsylvania follow in the manufacture of mixed textiles, or miscellaneous fabrics of wool, having a capital of $15,579,591. The employees order mentioned. cotton and silk, is likewise confined almost numbered 28,885, to whom was paid as wages entirely to the North Atlantic states. the sum of $6,701,475. The large proportional amount in the The The total value of Southern states will doubtless give surprise states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, materials employed was $15,210,951, and of all to many. New Hampshire, products $29,167,227. More significant than this is the fact New Jersey, Pennsylvania The increase in value that this industry is increasing more rapidly in and Rhode Island, possessed in 1880 not less of products over materials was $13,956,276, or the South than in New England. Comparison than 93 per cent, of the $38,000,000 of capital nearly 92 per cent, of the latter. of the figures of the censuses of 1870 and in this industry, and furnished over 94 per cent, 1880, shows that in the North Atlantic section of the product. In this class of manufactures necticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and the capital engaged in this industry increased Pennsylvania leads, with a capital and product New Jersey, this industry is comparatively 44 per cent.; in the South 50 per cent., a nearly one-third that of the country. trifling. S ilk .— Silk Carpets. — In Outside of New York, Pennsylvania, Con relative gain for the Southern states. W G oods. — In manufacture, both of raw material The (other than rag) there was invested in 1880 a woolen goods there was invested in 1880 a states of New. York, New Jersey and Con capital of $21,468,587, distributed among 195 capital of $96,095,564, divided among 1,990 necticut had in 1880 no less than 84 per cent, establishments. establishments, affording employment to 86,504 of all the capital in this industry. products was $31,792,802. persons, to whom was paid as wages the sum remainder, which is distributed among twelve 21,986,434-yards were made; of tapestry carpets, of $25,836,392, an average of nearly $300 per other states, Pennsylvania and Massachusetts 9,441,195 yards; of Brussels, 4,077,190 yards, hand. together had seven-eighths. and of Venetian carpets, 1,984,201 yards. O O le n The value of the manufacture of materials used was and of goods, is very limited in its range. the manufacture of carpets O f the The wholesale value of the O f two-ply ingrains $100,845,611, and of the products $160,606,721, In 1880 there were 382 establishments, In 1870, there were reported 215 establish showing an increase in value of the products having a total capital of $19,125,300, employ ments, having a capital of $12,540,750, and an over materials of $59,761,110, or 59.3 per cent. ing annual product of $21,761,573. 31,337 hands and Notwithstand The net value of the ing a decided decrease of establishments, the fined mainly to the North Atlantic states. materials used>was $18,569,166, and of the capital nearly doubled and the product increased Massachusetts has about one-fourth, Pennsyl products $34.519.723- 83 per cent, in the decade. The manufacture of woolen goods is con $9,146,705 in wages. disbursing annually SCRIBNERS STATISTICAL ATLAS. XCV111 The leading state in this industry is Penn yields both to Indiana and to Kansas in the each class. sylvania, where are located 172 out of the 195 average capital per establishment. The second engaged 2,319 establishments, having a capital establishments in the country. These repre state in the total product is New York, which of $16,878,520, employing 11,053 hands, to sent, however, but one-third of the capital ranks as second also in the number of estab whom was paid as wages, during the year, ($7,210,483), while the ten establishments of lishments, and third in point of capital. $4,845,413, an average of $438 per hand. New York represent nearly as great an invest comparatively insignificant capital, New Jersey materials used were valued at $59,306,509 and ment ($6,422,158). Massachusetts has seven ranks fourth in respect to total product and the product at $71,351,297. establishments with a capital of $4,637,646, and second in average product per establishment. materials to products was 83 per cent. W ith a Connecticut two, with a capital of $3,085,000, In the currying of leather, were The The ratio of The largest investment of capital in this industry and there are small establishments in New B o o ts an d Shoes. — Jersey, Maryland and Maine. diagrams relating to this branch of manu than one-fourth of the total capital. factures, refer only to that class of establish importance are Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New S lau gh terin g an d M eat-P ack in g. ments which may properly be considered as York, Wisconsin and Ohio, each of which had — This branch of industry, although of com factories, inasmuch as these only were reported more than $1,000,000 invested in currying paratively recent origin, has already grown to in detail by the Census. leather. very large proportions. custom and repair shops, the product of which The following table The maps and This excludes 16,013 was in Massachusetts, which had slightly more N ext in There were 3,105 tanning establishments, shows its condition in 1880: was not reported separately. Number of establishments (wholesale).......................................872 Capital................................................................................ $49,419,213 is given the aggregate product of all boot and industry were employed 23,812 hands, whose shoe wages during the year amounted to $9,204,243, Hands employed......................................................................... 27,297 Wages..................................................................................$10,508,530 Beeves slaughtered................................................................I> 5 > 3 7553 Average gross weight of beeves (pounds)................................. 1,100 Sheep slaughtered................................................................. 2,233,701 Average gross weight of sheep (pounds).......................................92 Hogs slaughtered.................................................................16,098,428 establishments, Upon Plate 118 including these retail representing a capital of $50,222,054. an average per hand of $389. establishments. This branch of manufactures is one of the oldest in the country. More than a century In this The value of materials was $85,949,207 and of products, $113,348,336. The ratio of materials ago, boots and shoes were made in considerable products was 76 per cent. Average gross weight of hogs (pounds)....................................... 248 quantity in Massachusetts, which state has held Pennsylvania and New York are greatly in Value of all materials..................................................... $267,738,902 its pre-eminence in this industry, having in advance of all others, having together more Value of all products..................................................... $303,562,413 1880 an invested capital of over $21,098,133, than one-half of the total capital of the country. The great slaughtering and meat-packing while New York, its nearest competitor, has Massachusetts, Maine, Illinois and Ohio each establishments of Chicago place Illinois far in $6,227,537, or less of this have more than $2,000,000, and New Jersey, advance of all other states. amount. The product in Massachusetts during Wisconsin, Kentucky, California and Michigan capital invested in this state was $12,019,980, the census year was valued at $95,900,510, and each more than $1,000,000 of capital in this or nearly one-fourth of the total capital of this that of New York at $18,979,259 or less than industry. industry in the country. one-fifth as much. The amount of Next in importance than one-third The to states of Pennsylvania ranked third, were Ohio, with a capital of $5,487,682; New with a capital of $3,627,840, and a product L u m b er. — The York, $4,548,625; Indiana, $3,974,000; Pennsyl about half that of New York. ber is one of the largest industries of the vania, $2,938,625; Massachusetts, $2,904,440; Hampshire, Maine, Ohio and California, also, country. Missouri, there was a considerable investment in this dition in 1880, 1870, i860 and 1850: $2,327,500; Kentucky, $2,229,500; California, $2,130,200; Iowa, $1,955,500; New In Illinois, New The following table shows its con industry, in each case exceeding $1,000,000. 1880. $1,775,200, Other states and Kansas, $1,669,400. had each less than $1,000,000 invested. . The returns of the last two censuses (1880 and 1870) show a decided increase in the M a n u f a c t u r e s . M i lls .............................. 1870. i860. 1850.* 25,708 L u m b e r Jersey, manufacture of sawed lum 25,832 19,699 17,895 $72,503,894 $40,038,427 amount of capital invested in this industry, C a p it a l......... ................. $ 18 1,18 6 ,12 2 $ 1 4 3 , 4 9 3 ,2 3 2 These twelve states are arranged in the accompanied by a very great concentration, H a n d s............................. 1 4 7 ,9 5 6 1 4 9 ,9 9 7 71,878 52,218 following table according to the value of their the reduction in the number of establishments W a g e s ............................ $ 3 1 , 8 4 5 ,9 7 3 $40,009,162 $20,647,807 $13,022,052 total product: being nearly 38 per cent. A v e ra g e ann ual w ages per h an d .................... $212 $267 $287 $249 N um ber of E s ta b lis h A verage C a p ita l p e r E s ta b lis h m e n ts . m e n t. Illinois....................... 1 4 3 $84,056 New Y o rk .................. 128 Massachusetts............ 77 New Jersey................ 31 Ohio............ ............... STATES. 35.497 37,720 T o ta l P ro d u ct. A verage P rod u ct p er E s ta b lis h m e n t. $97 ,891,5*7 $684,556 43,096,138 336,689 22,951,782 The following table shows the percentage of increase, after reducing the values of 1870 to a gold basis: M anufacture of 1880. 57,264 20,719,640 93 5 9 ,°°7 19,231,297 206,788 Number of establishments. i ,959 Indiana....................... 25 158,960 15,209,204 608,368 Number of hands.............. 111,152 Missouri...................... 65 35,8o8 14,628,630 225,056 Capital................................. $42,994,028 Iowa........................... 38 5^462 11,285,032 Value of materials............ $102,442,442 Pennsylvania............ 35 83,961 9,908,545 296,975 283,201 California.................. 51 41,768 7> > I 4 953 9 119,243 5,618,714 7 i, 9 i 9 4 ,538,888 401,33 6 146,416 1870. P ercen t age o f Increase. 155,959 Kansas........................ 1 4 K en tu cky.................. 3i A ll m aterial (v a lu e ). . $146,155,385 $ 1 0 3 , 3 4 3 ,4 3 0 $43,156,903 $ 2 7 , 5 9 3 ,5 2 9 Produ cts (va lu e).......... $233,268,729 $ 2 10 ^ 59,3 2 7 $93,338,606 $58,520,966 46 47 products (per cen t.) Boots and . . . . — R a tio o f m aterials to 298,075 668,375 * L o g s (v a lu e )................ $139,836,869 Sh o es. 3, i 5i 9I> ° 2 7 - 37-83 63 49 * T h e figures fo r 1850 in clu d e plan ed lum ber, o f w h ich on ly a sm all q u an tity w as m anufactured. The rate of increase in the several principal 21.21 items for the last three decades, reducing the $ 37 5i 9 i 9 , ,o 43-23 values of- 1870 to gold, is as follows: $80,502,718 59-°7 Value of products.............. $166,050,352 $146,704,055 41-52 P ercentage manufacture of leather, both I n crease. 1870 to 1880. T h e m inus sign in d icates a decrease. L eath er. — The of L u m b e r M a n u factu res. Capital..................... i860 to 1870. 1850 to i860. 59 58 81 Wages........................ — 00.5 56 59 that Illinois, which tanned and curried, is very widely distributed. Materials.................... 7 7 91 56 stands first in respect to total capital, total In thirty-nine out of the forty-seven states and Products.................... 39 80 60 product and average product per establishment, territories, there were in 1880 establishments of It will be observed T h e m inus sign in dicates a decrease. MANUFA CTURES. The relatively small increase of 39 per estimated to contain 20,907,100,000 feet, the cent, in the value of products, between 1870 cut from which during the census year was and 1880, taken in connection with an absolute XC1X 61,570,000 feet. increase of 42 per cent, in the quantity of gan, Wisconsin and Minnesota, the Southern shrinkage in value of lumber during the decade. indicated by the following summary: timber area appears to be almost untouched. The item of wages shows a slight decrease. W ith an amount of standing pine nearly four The principal seat of the lumber industry at present is in Michigan, where the capital N um ber. CLA SS O F V ESSELS. In comparison with the timber area of Michi lumber manufactured, indicates a considerable The character of the vessels constructed is A gg re gate A verage T onn age. T onn age. For navigation of ocean, eastern coast and rivers............................................ 731 * 5 ° ,3 2 5 206 For navigation of western rivers........ 899 2 4 2 ,0 9 4 267 3 ° , 75 2 2 17 6 6 ,7 0 7 10 4 times as great, the cut during the census year “ “ “ northern la k e s .... 14 2 was only one-fourth as large. “ “ “ canals.................... 643 A t the present invested is $39,260,428, or more than one-fifth rate of cutting, the supply in the former region of the total investment of the country. The will last, allowing for growth, not over twenty- The first mentioned class includes sixty- three states which rank next are Pennsylvania, five years at the outside, while that in the seven iron vessels, having an aggregate tonnage with a capital of $21,418,588, Wisconsin with South will be ample for an indefinite period. of 31,347, and an average of 468 tons per $19,824,059, and New Y ork with $13,230,934. Nothing is more certain, however, than that the vessel. In the Southern states there is invested a rate of cutting will greatly increase hereafter, gating 17,033 tons, were built in Pennsylvania. capital of only $23,500,000, notwithstanding the especially in the South, which, with W ashing Next in this class of construction was Dela fact that this section contains by far the largest ton, Oregon and northern California, will, in ware, with 8,925 tons, while the tonnage built areas of timber yet remaining in the United the not distant future, furnish most of the by New ,York was trifling, and Maine does States. merchantable lumber. not appear to have engaged to any extent in O f this number more than half, aggre this branch of shipbuilding. An investigation made in connection with f the tenth census, concerning the timber sup A g r ic u lt u r a l Im p le m e n ts.— The ply, developed the following facts as to the cut manufacture of agricultural implements has of C h em ica l P r o d u c ts — Under for the census year and amounts of timber esti late years increased very rapidly. are grouped by the Census a great variety of mated as standing in the three most important the capital invested and the value of the annual products obtained by chemical processes. lumbering states: product have more than doubled. According to principal ones are mentioned in the following the Census statistics of agriculture, the value of schedule, with the amount and value of each farming implements and machines increased in 1880: W h it e P i n e . STATES. S tan d in g. (Feet.) C u t fo r Census Y e a r. (Feet.) M ic h ig a n ......... 35.000. 000.000 4.397.211.00 0 "Wisconsin . . . . 41.000. H a r d W o o d T im b e r . Stan d in g. (Cords.) C u t fo r C e n sus Y ear. (Feet.) 000.0002.097.299.000 M in n e s o t a __ 6,100,000,000 540,997,000 7,000,000,000 442,089,000 57,600,000 Since 1870 from $151,587,638, in 1850, to $406,520,055, in 1880, an increase of 168 per cent. Aniline colors lxxxiii.) The manufacture of agricultural machinery The above mentioned cut of hard wood is is mainly carried on in the states of Ohio, exclusive of fuel, railroad ties, etc., and of Illinois and New York, which together furnish about three-fifths of the capital and product, cut in Michigan, and 7,825,000 staves and and in Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Indiana, K en 547,000 sets of headings cut in Minnesota. tucky, Michigan, Minnesota and Iowa. It in Michigan 7,000,000,000 feet of hemlock, and S h ip b u ild in g .— Under 5.000. 000 cords of white and yellow cedar. Census Reports include not only the building of cut in 1880, and estimated as then standing, were as follows: this heading the STATES. Stan d in g. (F eet.) C u t fo r cen sus year. (F e e t.) Standing. (F eet.) • C u t fo r cen sus year. (F eet.) T e x a s ............ 20,508,200,000 66,450,000 26,093,200,000 146,420,000 L o u is ia n a . . . 26,588,000,000 61,882,000 21,625,000,000 22,709,000 41,315,000,000 129,781,000 M ississip p i. . 17,200,000,000 108,000,000 6,775,000,000 A la b a m a .. . . 18,885,000,000 245,396,000 2,307,000,000 G e o rg ia ......... 16,778,000,000 272,743,000 F lo r id a ......... 6,615,000,000 208,054,000 S. C a r o lin a .. 5,316,000,000 124,492,000 N. 5,229,000,000 108,411,000 117,119,20 0 ,00 0 1,195,428,000 Carolina.. T o t a l ---- $ 1 0 7 ,2 9 2 344, n 4 99,242 Sulphate of ammonia tt 1 6 ,5 7 5 ,0 8 8 6 18 ,4 8 5 Alum U 3 9 ,2 1 7 ,7 2 5 8 0 8 ,16 5 Borax it 3 ,6 9 2 ,4 4 3 2 7 7 ,2 3 3 Bromine it 40 4,690 H 4 ,7 5 2 Phosphorus it 5 6 ,2 9 2 2 9 ,2 7 1 893,80 2 7 9 0 ,7 4 1 18 ,3 6 3 ,0 6 6 2 ,2 8 1,6 0 0 4 4 6 ,2 9 6 ,1 3 8 2o , 3 6 5 ,5 9 9 7 ,1 1 7 ,8 2 5 9 6 i >477 3 ,0 3 9 ,7 2 2 1 ,8 3 0 ,4 1 7 7 2 7 ,4 5 3 19 ,9 2 1,4 0 0 6 7 ,4 8 2 ,4 1 5 4 ,0 8 6 ,8 2 1 I 2 3 ,4 7 7 , 89 0 8 ,7 7 0 ,6 9 9 1 1 ,3 7 5 ,4 6 6 75 8 ,6 8 0 i 9, l6 S 3 7 1 ,8 2 9 2 0 ,1 2 1 ,7 6 1 7 6 6 ,3 3 7 6 ,5 9 3 ,0 0 9 15 6 ,8 9 2 Castor oil (gallons)... Stearic acid candles (pounds) . . . . it Glycerine it Nitro-glycerine it Manufactured manures (tons). . . . Dry colors White lead t( Other salts of lead it The leading statistics are as follows: Hands (number).............................................................................. 21,345* (pounds). . . . Ground barytes (tons). Zinc oxide (pou nd s).... Acetate of lime it Value of all materials....................................................... $ I9>736,358 Number boats built......................................................................8,026 Potash and pearlash it Soda it Number vessels built...................................................... 2,415 Tonnage of vessels built......................................................... 498,878 Sulphur ft Sulphuric acid it Glucose it Amount of wages............................................................... $12,713,813 7,775,000 A rk a n s a s. . . . 8 0 ,5 18 Anthracene vessels. Capital................................................................................. $20,979,874 S h o r t L e a v e d P in e . V alue. tt new vessels of all classes, but all repairs upon Establishments (number).............................................................. 2,188 L o n g L e a v e d P in e . (pounds)---- Soaps is estimated that there remain standing, also, In the Southern states the amounts of pine A m ou n t . The (See page 36,884,000 36.000.000 staves and 3,330,000 sets of headings C H E M IC A L PR O D U C T S. this head Number vessels repaired........................................................... 16,507 Total value of products................................................... $36,800,327 4 ,5 7 i , 6 7 i All other products........ 2 32 ,6 43 4 0 ,2 5 9 ,9 3 8 86 6,560 1,20 0 ,0 0 0 21,0 0 0 3 0 8 ,7 6 5 ,4 3 2 3 ,6 6 1 ,8 7 6 1 5 r, 740,400 4 ,5 5 I , 2 I 2 4 4 ,9 2 7 ,1 0 1 The shipbuilding industry is not widely distributed. Sulphate of ammonia is produced most largely in Pennsylvania, New York and Ohio. the states and territories, in many of them 306,685,000 during the census year there were establishments in thirty-seven of 98,115,200,000 W hile Alum is made principally in Pennsylvania, with little or nothing was done. a small production in New Jersey and New The principal shipbuilding states are- Pennsylvania, which York. In most of these states there are enormous constructed during the census year 204,507 obtained mainly from Missouri, New Jersey quantities of valuable hard woods, concerning tons, or nearly one-half of the total construc and Illinois. which no full statistics are yet accessible. tion of the country; New Y ork with 76,418 furnished more than one-half the product of the tons, and Maine with 41,396 tons. United States, the remainder being made in There were reported in Texas areas of loblolly pine, Castor oil, aside from importations, is O f stearic acid candles Ohio SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS. c California, Missouri, Illinois and states in the upper part of the Mississippi The manufacture of glass is most largely The manufacture of soap was valley, with New York and Pennsylvania, than carried on in the state of Pennsylvania, where reported in every state and territory, with the elsewhere, these states having 56 per cent, of nearly 39 per cent, of the total capital is exception all the capital of the country. invested, and to the next largest extent in New York. Kentucky, of Georgia and North Carolina. Together with The leading producer is New York, followed New Jersey, Massachusetts and Maryland, they by Illinois, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Massachusetts have nearly three-fourths of the entire capital. and New Jersey. In these states are included also most of the P o w e r used in M anufactures.— large establishments. The manufactures of the United States em Glycerine is manufactured principally in Ohio and New York, the pro duction of other states being trifling. New Jersey and New York. Nitro The number of establishments which, in glycerine was made mainly in Ohio, Pennsyl 1870, was 3,137, was 5,631 in 1880, an increase horse power. vania and New Jersey. In the manufacture of nearly 80 per cent., while capital increased steam power, and 35.93 per cent, water pow er; of dry colors, Pennsylvania was far in the lead, 66 per cent, (reducing the capital in 1870 to a in other words, the amount of steam power was her product being about two-fifths of the w hole; gold standard). nearly double that of water power. and next in order were New York, Massa establishments is in marked contrast with the the amount of power in use was reported as chusetts and Connecticut. general tendency of manufactures toward con 2,346,142 horse power, of which 51.82 per cent, centration during the decade. was steam power and 48.18 per cent, was water other salts of lead are White lead and manufactured very This multiplication of small ployed power. largely in Pennsylvania, New York, Missouri, in 1880 an aggregate of 3,410,837 O f this 64.07 per cent, was In 1870, The increase in total power between The production o^sulphuric F a c to r y Cheese an d B u tter.—A s 1870 and 1880 was 45.38 per cent., the greater acid is distributed widely over the Northern was noted in the chapter upon Agriculture, the proportion of which increase was in steam states, New manufacture of butter and cheese, and especially power, as is plainly shown by its relatively Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York and Maryland. the latter, is in process of being transferred greater importance in 1880. Glucose from the farm and dairy to the factory. Not the increase in product of manufactures was less than 89 per cent, of the cheese product 58.6 per cent., being somewhat greater than the in 1880, together with 4 per cent, of the butter, increase in power. Ohio and Illinois. the principal • producers being is made only in trifling amounts outside of New York and Illinois. P ap er. — The manufacture of paper is carried In the same time, The increase between 1870 and 1880 in the was made in factories. cheese factories were power employed in the principal industries, as about one-fourth of the capital in the country reported in nearly every state and territory, shown on Plate 138, was in nearly every case is located. New York, Ohio and Pennsylvania more than one-third of the entire capital was greater than the increase of capital and of follow next, the combined capital of the four invested in the state of New York, and of the product in the same industries. states being nearly 60 per cent, of all invested total cheese product this state produced, in agreement with the increase of power per hand in this industry in the United States. 1880, nearly three-filths. In the production in all branches of manufactures, from 1.14 horse In 1880 there were in the country 692 paper of factory butter also, New Y ork leads all the power in 1870 to 1.25 horse-power in 1880, an manufactories, with a capital of $46,241,202, states, its product being nearly one-third that increase amounting to 10 per cent, which indi employing 24,422 hands, to whom was paid as of the United States. cates the extent of the transfer from manual on mainly in Massachusetts, in which state W hile butter and This is in labor to machine labor in that period. wages $8,525,355, an annual average of $349 Glass.— In 1880 there were in the country The percentage of increase in the proportion 211 manufactories of glass, with a capital of of steam power employed in the same indus was $55,109,914, including the various kinds $19,844,699, and employing 24,177 hands. The tries, ranges from 6 per cent, in manufactures of paper, in the following quantities: number of furnaces was 348, and of pots 2,982. of iron and steel to 46 per cent, in those of The wages paid during the year amounted to worsted goods, the average rate of increase $9,144,100, and averaged $378 per hand. being nearly 30 per cent. per hand.The value of all material was $33,951,297. used The value of all products Printing paper (tons)............................................................... *49,*77 Writing “ Wrapping “ Binders’ board W a llp a p e r 32,937 “ “ 134,294 ............................................................ 20,014 14,737 “ “ Colored paper (pounds).................................................. Bank note paper “ 14,756,268 296,000 Tissue paper “ 8,125,957 All other paper “ 178,719,831 The $8,028,621, and of O f the forty-seven states and territories, products $21,154,571, showing an increase in thirty-two reported steam in excess of water value of the latter over the former of $13,125,- power, while in but fifteen was the reverse the 950, or 163 per cent. case. value of materials was The classification of the In the interval between 1870 and 1880, the use of steam relatively increased in all products is as follows: excepting eight of the states and( territories, manufacture of brick and tile is distributed widely over the GLASS MANUFACTURES. V a l u e . Glassware............................................................. $9,568,520 Louisiana, Montana and Nebraska, all of which, country, there being no state or territory which Green glass.......................................................... 5 > 7 °,4 33 6 except Louisiana, were in 1870 recently set B r ic k an d T ile .— The does not contain one or more establishments. This industry is rather more important in the Plate “ ......................................................... Window “ ........................................................ 868,305 namely, Arizona, Dakota, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, tled, and contained very little manufacturing power of any description. 1 RETRO SPEC T. Value. PRO DU CT OF S P E C IF IC IND U STRIES, 1880, (including each Industry w h ose A ggregate P rodu ct is over $5,000,000). Specific Industry. Rank T O T A L PRODUCT, P E R CAPITA, B Y C O U N T IE S . S C A L E : S t e a m fittin g s a n d h e a tin g . $ W o o d e n - w a r e ............................................... D y e s t u f f s a n d e x t r a c t s ....................... M a t t r e s s e s a n d s p r i n g b e d s ........... C o k e ........................................................................ L e a d , b a r , p ip e , s h e e t , a n d s h o t V a r n is h . L im e a n d c e m e n t ... T a r a n d tu r p e n tin e . S t a t i o n e r y g o o d s ............... P h o t o g r a p h i n g .................. ^ ---------- a n ( j m a t e r i a l s a R o o fin j a n d m a te r ia ls P ap er1 I r o n - fo r g in g s . C o r s e t s ................................................... B e lt i n g a n d h o s e (le a th e r ) . W ood , tu rn ed a n d ca rv ed . O le o m a r g a r in e L i t h o g r a p h in i U m b r e lla s a m U p h o ls te rin g . T r u n k s a n d v a lis e s . G lo v e s a n d m itte n s . S ta rch Boot and shoe, cut stock.......... Boxes, fancy and paper............ O i l , c o t t o n s e e d a n d c a k e ................. S t o n e a n d e a r t h e n w a r e .................. Coffins and undertakers’ goods. F u r s , d r e s s e d ___ . S m e ltin g a n d r e fin in g b W o o l h a t s ............................ P la te d a n d b r it a n n ia B r id g e s . W ir e -w o r k . S tra w go od s. B r a s s c a s tin g s . F u r n is h in g g o o d s , m e n 'f C u tle r y a n d e d g e t o o ls .. B o o k - b in d in g a n d b la n k b o o k s P i a n o s a n d m a t e r i a l s e .................... C o r d a g e a n d t w i n e ............................... B o x e s , w o o d e n -p a c k in g . I r o n p ip e , w r o u g h t . G r e a s e a n d t a l l o w .................... R u b b e r a n d e la s tic go o d s. S e w in g - m a c h in e s a n d a t t a c h - I . B ra s s a n d c o p p e r, r o lle d , [m e n ts Patent medicines......... O i l , l i n s e e d ................................. L e a t h e r ( d r e s s e d s k in s ). F r u its a n d v e g e t a b le s / P lu m b in g a n d g a s - fit tm I w r ig h tin g . S h i r t s .................................................... M a s o n r y , b r ic k a n d s to n e . Glass.................................. . . ! ! ! ! . H a t s a n d c a p s ( e x c e p t w o o l h a t sj J e w e l r y ................................................................ P a i n t i n g a n d p a p e r h a n g i n g ........... H a r d w a r e . . ................................................... .. C o f f e e & s p i c e s , r o a s t e d «fc g r o u n d L a rd , r e fin e d . P a in ts . F e r t i l i z e r s ............................................. C o n f e c t i o n e r y ..................................... C h e e s e a n d b u t t e r (fa c to r y ). S o a p a n d c a n d l e s ........................ R a ilr o a d a n d s t r e e t c a r s g . H o s i e r y a n d k n i t g o o d s ___ M a r b l e a n d s t o n e - w o r k ___ C a rp e ts , o t h e r t h a n r a g . . . C l o t h i n g , w o m e n ’s ........................... D y e in g a n d fin is h in g t e x t ile s . B r i c k a n d t i l e ......................................... W o r s t e d g o o d s ..................................... 6 ,1 2 7 ,8 4 2 1 6 ,2 3 5 ,4 7 4 1 6 ,2 53 ,0 3 8 6,2 8 8 ,2 3 4 5 ,3 5 9 ,4 8 9 5 ,6 0 0 ,6 7 1 5,6 2 9 ,2 4 0 5 ,7 2 1 , 1 7 4 5 ,7 3 6 ,9 3 6 5 ,7 7 2 ,3 1 8 5 ,8 7 6 ,9 8 3 6,8 9 8 ,32 2 5 ,9 3 5 ,3 1 1 6 ,1 3 6 ,4 7 2 6 ,2 2 7 ,2 8 4 6 ,2 6 7 ,3 0 3 6 ,492 ,0 28 6 ,4 9 4 ,7 0 5 6 ,5 2 5 ,7 3 7 6 ,7 7 0 ,1 1 9 6 ,8 9 2 ,9 3 9 6 ,9 1 2 ,3 3 8 6 ,9 1 7 ,4 6 3 7 ,1 5 8 ,8 9 3 7,2 5 2 ,4 7 0 7 ,3 7 9 ,6 0 5 7 ,4 7 7 ,7 4 2 7 ,5 3 1 ,6 3 5 7 ,6 6 5 ,5 5 3 7 ,6 9 0 ,9 2 1 7 ,9 4 2 ,7 2 9 8 ,1 5 7 ,7 6 0 8 ,2 3 8 ,7 1 2 8 ,4 1 1 ,1 0 0 8 ,5 1 6 ,5 6 9 8 ,5 9 6 ,1 8 1 8 ,9 7 8 ,1 2 2 9 ,1 2 7 ,8 1 8 9 ,3 4 5 ,7 5 9 9 .5 4 8 .18 8 9 ,5 7 7 ,8 4 0 9 ,5 9 6 ,2 1 9 9 .7 0 5 .7 2 4 9 ,7 2 6 ,6 0 0 9 ,8 0 7 ,8 2 3 10 ,0 7 3 ,3 3 0 1 0 ,1 1 4 ,3 5 2 10 ,5 6 0 ,8 5 5 10 ,8 0 8 ,74 2 10 ,8 3 6 ,6 0 5 1 1 .5 0 6 .8 5 7 1 1 ,6 6 1 ,3 7 0 1 1 ,9 7 6 ,7 6 4 1 2 ,2 6 4 ,5 2 1 1 2 ,4 9 2 ,1 7 1 12 .6 8 7,0 6 8 13 ,2 9 2 ,1 6 2 1 3 ,7 3 0 ,0 1 3 1 3 .7 5 1 .7 2 4 13 .8 6 3 .18 8 1 4 ,3 2 9 ,7 3 1 14 ,6 8 2 ,4 9 4 15 ,3 9 3 ,8 1 2 1 5 ,3 9 9 ,3 1 1 1 7 ,5 9 9 ,5 7 6 18 ,1 3 3 ,2 5 0 18 ,2 7 3 ,1 0 2 1 8 ,3 5 6 ,0 5 5 18 .8 9 2 .8 5 8 2 0 ,1 3 0 ,0 3 1 2 0 ,5 8 6 ,5 5 3 2 1 ,1 5 4 ,5 7 1 2 1 ,3 0 3 ,1 0 7 2 2 ,2 0 1,6 2 1 2 2 ,4 5 7 ,5 6 0 2 2 ,6 5 3 ,6 9 3 2 2,92 4,8 9 4 2 3 ,1 9 5 ,7 0 2 2 3 ,3 9 0 ,7 6 7 2 3 ,6 5 0 ,7 9 5 2 5 ,6 3 7 ,0 3 3 2 5 ,7 4 2 ,5 1 0 2 6 ,5 5 2 ,6 2 7 2 7 ,9 9 7 ,5 9 1 2 9 ,1 6 7 ,2 2 7 3 1 ,4 1 5 ,1 5 0 3 1 ,7 9 2 ,8 0 2 ■ S ,00 0 I0 0,00 fRnO• .T l0 HliO 2 I' (B a se d o n tlie R e tu rn s o f t h e T e n t h C e n su s.) 1880 iW iN N E l . . TRAV ER SE) nebr .UNORGANIZED KEY $40,000,000 N o p ro d u c t r e p o r te d _______ Cooperage. oasn a Sasf , d’ o o r s , a n d b l i n d s . S h ip b u ild in g . L u m b e r , p la n e d . S a d d le r y a n d h a rn e ss . D r u g s a n d c h e m ic a ls . S ilk a n d s ilk g o o d s — U n d e r $ 1 5 p e r C a p i t a ______ F is h e r ie s . P e t r o le u m r e fin in g . B l a c k s m i t h i n g .............................................. T in , c o p p e r , a n d s h e e t - ir o n w a r e T o b a c c o (h ) a n d s n u f f . P a p e r , n o t s p e c ifie d ... C ig a r s a n d c ig a r e tte s . C _r __ „ ____id wagons................ _a r i a g e s a n i 3 Bread and other bakery products M ix e d te x tile s . F u r n itu r e A g r i c u l t u r a l im p le m e n t s . L e a t h e r , c u r r i e d ...................... P r in t in g a n d p u b lis h in g .. C a rp e n te r in g . L iq u o rs , m a lt. L e a th e r, ta n n e d . S u g a r a n d m o la s s e s , r e f i n e d . W o o l e n g o o d s ..................................... B o o t s a n d s h o e s i ........................... M i n i n g ........................................................ C lo t h in g , m e n ’s. C o tto n go o d s. F o u n d ry p ro d u cts j L u m b e r , s a w e d .......... $ 1 5 a n d u n d e r $ 2 5 p e r C a p ita — $90,000,000 $ 0 0 ,0 0 10 ,0 0 0 7 1 ,3 5 1 ,2 9 7 9 0 ,78 9 ,3 4 1 9 4 ,1 5 2 ,1 3 9 10 1 ,0 5 8 ,3 8 5 1 1 3 ,3 4 8 ,3 3 6 1 5 5 ,4 8 4 ,9 1 5 1 6 0 ,6 0 6 ,7 2 1 19 6 ,9 2 0 ,4 8 1 206,275,4 08 2 0 9,548 ,4 60 2 10 ,9 5 0 ,3 8 3 2 14 ,3 7 8 ,4 6 8 2 3 3 ,2 6 8 ,72 9 , F o r p ia n o s , s e e N o . 74. * i B a s e s c r a p m e ta l, n o t fr o m t h e o re . R e d u c e d a n d r e fin e d , n o t fr o m t h e o re . I n c lu d in g r iv e ts . F o r o r g a n s , s e e N o . 114 . C a n n e d a n d p re serv e d . I n c lu d in g re p a ir s . N o t in c lu d in g e s t a b lis h - h. i. j. k. l. m e n t s o p e r a t e d b y s t e a m r a i lr o a d c o m p a n ie s . C h e w in g a n d s m o k in g to b a c c o . I n c lu d in g c u s t o m w o r k a n d r e p a ir in g . I n c lu d in g m a c h in e - s h o p p ro d u c ts . I n c lu d in g m e a t - p a c k in g . N o t in c lu d in g r e t a i l b u tc h e r in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts . F lo u r in g a n d g r is t- m ill p ro d u c ts . Total Product, by States, 1880, Rank I State. 47 A r i z . . 46 I Wyo. . 45 44 43 42 Id a ,... N.Mex. 3Iont.. Nev---‘ Dak. .. Wash.Utah.. Fla... . A r k ----- M iss... Oreg. . D. C. - . Nebr. . Ala. . . C olo... S .C . - - N.C. - D el.— T e x .... “ VVa._i....... Kans.. Vt....... Ga...... Tenn.. Va...... Iowa .. N.H. M inn " Me. R .I.... Md. Cal.. Wis. Ind---Mich Mo___ Conn. _ N.J— Ohio .. Ill....... Mass. Pa....... N.Y. .. Popula. 40,440 $ 6 1 8 ,3 6 5 20,789 8 98,494 3 2 ,6 10 1 ,2 7 1 , 3 1 7 1,2 8 4 ,8 4 6 1 1 9 ,5 6 5 1,8 3 5 ,8 6 7 3 9 ,1 5 9 2 ,1 7 9 ,6 2 6 6 2 ,2 6 6 2 ,3 7 3 ,9 7 0 1 3 5 ,1 7 7 3 ,2 5 0 ,1 3 4 7 5 ,1 1 6 4 ,3 2 4 ,9 9 2 14 3 ,9 6 3 5 ,5 4 6 ,4 4 8 2 6 9,493 6 ,7 5 6 ,1 5 9 8 02,52 5 7 ,5 18 ,3 0 2 1 ,1 3 1 ,5 9 7 10 ,9 3 1 ,2 3 2 17 4 ,7 6 8 1 7 7 ,6 2 4 11 ,8 8 2 ,3 1 6 452,402 12 ,6 2 7 ,3 3 6 13 ,5 6 5 ,5 0 4 1,2 6 2 ,5 0 5 1 4 ,2 6 0 ,1 5 9 19 4 ,3 2 7 16 ,73 8 ,0 0 8 9 9 5 ,5 7 7 20,09 5,037 1,3 9 9 ,7 5 0 2 0 ,5 14 ,4 3 8 146,608 2 0 ,7 19 ,9 2 8 1 ,5 9 1 ,7 4 9 2 2 ,8 6 7 ,12 6 6 1 8 ,4 5 7 2 4 ,2 0 5 ,18 3 939 ,9 46 3 0 ,8 4 3 ,7 7 7 99 6,09 6 3 1 ,3 5 4 ,3 6 6 3 3 2 ,2 8 6 36,440,948 1,5 4 2 ,1 8 0 37,0 74 ,8 8 6 1,5 4 2 ,3 5 9 5 1 ,7 8 0 ,9 9 2 1 ,5 1 2 ,5 6 5 7 1 ,0 4 5 ,9 2 6 1,6 2 4 ,6 1 5 73,978 ,0 28 3 4 6 ,9 9 1 75 ,4 8 3 ,3 7 7 1,6 4 8 ,6 9 0 7 6 ,0 6 5 ,19 8 78 0 ,773 79 ,8 2 9 ,79 3 648 ,936 10 4 ,1 6 3 ,6 2 1 2 7 6 ,5 3 1 10 6 ,7 8 0 ,56 3 934 ,9 4 3 1 1 6 ,2 1 8 ,9 7 3 864,694 12 8 ,2 55 ,4 8 0 1 ,3 1 5 ,4 9 7 14 8 ,0 0 6 ,4 11 1 ,9 7 8 ,3 0 1 1 5 0 ,7 1 5 ,0 2 5 1,6 3 6 ,9 3 7 16 5 ,3 8 6 ,2 0 5 2 ,16 8 ,3 8 0 1 8 5 ,6 9 7 ,2 1 1 62 2 ,70 0 254,38 0,2 36 1 ,1 3 1 ,1 1 6 348 ,29 8,390 3 ,19 8 ,0 6 2 4 1 4 ,8 6 4 ,6 7 3 3 .0 7 7 .8 7 1 6 3 1 ,1 3 5 ,2 8 4 1.7 8 3 ,0 8 5 7 4 4 ,8 18 ,4 4 5 4 ,2 8 2 ,8 9 1 5.0 8 2 .8 7 1 1.0 8 0 ,6 9 6 ,59 6 „ $0 „ 20 $ 2 0 0 p e r C a p ita and ov er, In d ia n R e s e r v a t io n s -------- IN D E X . o. b. c. d. e. f. g. „ $ 0„ 10 $100,, 3 0 3 ,5 6 2 ,4 13 S la u g h te r in g k . F lo u r in g l. 1 4 1 ,0 3 3 ,0 4 5 4 1 ,0 6 3 ,0 6 3 4 3,0 4 6 ,0 53 4 3 ,7 0 5 ,2 18 4 3 ,7 7 4 ,2 7 1 48 ,0 96,038 5 2 ,7 9 3 ,0 5 6 6 5 ,0 1 9 ,9 1 4 6 3 ,9 7 9 ,5 7 5 6 4 ,9 5 1 ,6 1 7 6 5 ,8 2 4 ,8 9 6 6 6 ,2 2 1 ,7 0 3 68,0 37,90 2 - M S C A L E : I S0 0,00 i ,000 $0 0,00 2,00 0 $30,000,000 $40,000,000 C A la . . A r iz .. A r k ... C a l. .. C o lo . Conn. D ak. D e l. . D .C . F la . .. G a .... I d a ... 111. . . . I n d ... Io w a K an s. .3 2 .4 7 .3 7 .1 2 31 . 7 .4 1 .2 8 .3 4 .38 .2 2 .4 5 . 4 .1C .11! .2 4 IN D E X . K y ____ 17 L a . ___ 25 M e ____ 1 5 M d ____ 13 M ass. . 3 M ic h . . 9 M in n . .1 6 M i s s . .3 6 M o ... . 8 M o n t . .4 3 N e b r . .3 3 N e v . . - .4 2 N .H . ..1 8 N . J ------6 N.MexAl N .Y . . . N . C . _ 29 _ O h io . . 5 O r e g .. 35 P a --------2 R . I . . - .1 4 S . C . . .3 0 T e n n . .2 1 T e x . . . . 27 U tah..39 V t --------2 3 V a ..........20 ir a .s h .- 4 0 W . Y a .- 2 6 W i s . . . . 11 W y o .. A G 1 $60,000,000 $70,000,000 $80,000,000 $90,000,000 $ 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 A g r i c u l . I m p l e m . 17 F o u n d r y P r o d . . . 5 P l a t e d - w a r e ............ 92 B a g s .................................. 84 F r a m e s ...................... 8 6, P l u m b i n g ..................... 62 B e l t i n g ....................... 109 F r u i t .................................6 3 P r i n t i n g .......................1 5 B l a c k s m i t h i n g . . 2 6 F u r n i s h i n g g o o d s 7 7 P u b l i s h i n g ............. 1 5 B o o k b i n d i n g ____ 7 5 F u r n i t u r e . . - .8 3 , 18 Q u a r r y i n g ................ 60 B o o t s ...........10 0 , 8 5 , 0 F u r s .................................. 9 5 R e f i n i n g 9 4 , 50 , 2 7 , 1 1 B o x e s ........................99 , 72 G a s - f i t t i n g R o o t i n g ........................ 1 1 3 B l a n k b o o k s ---------- 7 5 G l a s s ................................. 5 6 R u b b e r .................69 , 8 5 B r a s s ......................... 79 , 67 G l o v e s ........................... 10 2 S a d d l e r y ....................... 3 2 B r e a d ............................ 20 G o l d S a s h ..................................3 5 B r i c k .................................3 8 G r e a s e .............................70 S e w i n g - m a c h i n e . 6 8 B r i d g e s ........................... 9 1 H a r d w a r e ................62 S h e e t - i r o n w a r e . 2 5 B r i t a n n i a ......................92 H a r n e s s ......................... 3 2 S H i p b u i l d i n g . . . . 3 4 B r o o m s ........................... 80 H a t s .................................. 6 5 S h i r t s .............................. 58 B r u s h e s ........................8 0 H o s e ........................... 109 S p i k e s ........................... 1 2 1 B u t t e r ............................. 46 H o s i e r y ....................... 4 3 S h o e s .......... 1 0 0 ,8 5 , 9 C a n e s .............................10 5 I r o n , 1 2 1 , 1 1 1 , 8 2, 7 1 , 3 S i l k ....................................3 0 C a n n e d f r u i t -------- 6 3 , e w e l r y . .................... 5 4 S i l v e r ............................ 88 J C a p s ...................................5 5 K n i t g o o d s ............. 4 3 S l a u g h t e r i n g -----2 C a rp e n te r in g — 14 L a c e g o o d s ...............8 7 S m e l t i n g ...................... 94 C a r p e t s ...........................4 1 L a r d .................................. 5 0 S o a p ..................................4 5 C a r r i a g e s ...............8 1 , 2 1 L e a d ..................... . . . 1 2 2 S p i c e s ............................. 5 1 C a r s ....................................44 L e a t h e r , 1 0 9 ,6 4 ,1 6 , 12 S p r i n g b e d s ...........124 C a n d l e s ....................... 4 5 L i m e ............................... 1 1 8 S t a r c h ...........................101 C e m e n t ........................ 1 1 8 L i q u o r .................. 2 9 , 1 3 S t a t i o n e r y g o o d s 1 1 6 C h e e s e ............................46 o g r a p h s ...........10 6 S t e a m - f i t t i n g ------12 7 C h e m i c a l s .................. 3 1 L u m b e r ..............3 3 , 4 S t e e l .............................. 3 C i g a r s .............................. 2 2 M a c h i n e - s h o p P . 5 S to n e -w a re C i g a r e t t e s ..................22 M a l t . — . . . . . * — - 6 1 S t o n e - w o r k ................. 42 C l o t h i n g .................40, 7 M a r b l e - w o r k . . . . 4 2 S t r a w g o o d s ...............8 9 C o f f e e .............................. 5 1 M a s o n r y .......................6 7 S u g a r ............................... 1 1 C o f f i n s ........................ 9 6 M a t t r e s s e s ...............124 T a l l o w .............................7 0 C o k e ............................... 1 2 3 M e a t - p a c k i n g . . . 2 T a r ...................................1 1 7 C o n f e c t i o n s ................ 47 M i l l i n e r y .......................8 7 T i l e ................................... 3 8 C o o p e r a g e -------------36 M i n i n g ........................ 8 T i n w a r e ........................ 2 5 C o p p e r ...................6 7 , 25 M i t t e n s ........................102 T o b a c c o ..................2 4 , 2 2 C o r d a g e ...........— 73 M i x e d t e x t i l e s . . . 1 9 T r u n k s ......................... 103 C o r s e t s .........................1 1 0 ! M o l a s s e s .................... 1 1 T u r p e n t i n e ..............1 1 7 C o t t o n g o o d s -----6 M u s i c a l i n s t . . 1 1 4 , 7 4 T w i n e ..............................7 3 C u t l e r y ........................... 7 6 N a i l s ................................1 2 1 U m b r e l l a s ............... 10 5 D o o r s .............................. *35 O i l ..............................98 , 6 5 U p h o l s t e r i n g . . . 1 0 4 D r u g s .............................3 1 O l e o m a r g a r i n e . .1 0 7 V a r n i s h ....................... 12 0 D y e i n g ............................3 9 O r g a n s ..........................1 1 4 V e g e t a b l e s ............... 6 3 D y e - s t u f f s ...................12 5 P a i n t i n g ....................... 5 3 W a g o n s .................8 1 , 2 1 E a r t h e n w a r e . . . 9 7 P a i n t s .......................... 49 W h e e l w r i g h t i n g 6 9 E d g e t o o l s ....................76 P a p e r ....................1 1 2 , 23 W i r e .......................... 90, 78 E x t r a c t s .................... 12 5 P a p e r h a n g i n g . . 5 3 W o o d ............................. 108 F e r t i l i z e r s ..................48 P a t e n t m e d i c i n e 66 W o o d e n w a r e _ _ 12 6 _ F i r e - a r m s ...................1 1 9 P e t r o l e u m ................2 7 W o o l h a t s .................. 9 3 F is h e r ie s — P h o to g ra p h s — 1 1 5 W o o l e n g o o d s . . . 10 F l o u r .................... P i a n o s .............................7 4 W o r s t e d g o o d s . . 3 7 $ 0 ,0 0 0 2 0 0 ,0 0 Product, per Capita, by States, 1880, U n s e ttle d p a rts ________ G a lv e st o n Hn S a k tate. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 1 1 III 9 8 7 6 6 4 3 2 1 Per C apita. Miss. . $ 6 64 Ark. .. 8 42 Ala---- ,10 74 N.Mex 10 75 Tex. .. 13 02 N.C. A riz. . S.C. . . D a k... F la .... Ga...... Tenn.. La-----Nebr. . Utah.. Kans.. Va...... Nev. .. W. Va. Ida. .. Wyo. . 43 22 Wash.- 43 27 Iowa .. Mont. Oreg. . D.C. .. Colo... Ind— Mo. . . . Mich. . Vt-----Minn.. W is . . . Ohio .. Md. . . . Me. . . . Cal. .. . Ill....... Del. . . Pa-----N.Y. .. N .H ... N.J---Conn.. Mass. . R .I ... . >er Capita. - f a g IN D E X . A l a . . .4 5 K y . . . . 2 4 N . C . A r i z . . A \ L a ........... 35 O h i o A r k . . .4 6 M e ------- 11 O r e g . C a l ____10 M d ____ 12 P a . C o lo . ..2 0 M a s s . . 2 R .T . . C o n n . . 3 M i c h . .1 7 S . C . D a k . ..3 9 M i n n . .1 5 T e n n D e l ------ 8 M i s s . . . 4 7 T e x .. D . C . - .2 1 M o . . . . 1 8 U t a h F l a ____38! M o n t . .22 V t . . . G a .......... 37! N e b r . -34 V a — I d a . . . 2 8 N e v ------3C W a s h 11 1 ............ 9 N . H . . . 5 W . V a I n d ------ 1 9 N . J — 4 W is . I o w a ..2 5 \ N .M e x .4 4 W y o . K a n s . .3 2 N . Y . . . 6 .4 2 .1 3 .2 2 - 7 - 1 .4 0 .3 6 .4 3 .3 3 .1 6 .3 1 .-2 6 .2 9 .1 4 .2 7 BY STATES, M iNiN wilrtr*. . E x p l a n a t o r y . — The census rep ort states that th e totals, upon w h ich these t w o m aps and state charts are based, “ include every establishm ent o f m echanical o r m anufacturing industry returned at the tenth census as having had during the census year a prod u ct o f five hundred dollars o r m ore in value, excep t fishery products, quartz-milling, petro leum refining, and th e m anufacture o f g a s.’* $0 10 74 82 92 07 94 36 97 42 97 50 108 91 114 21 123 02 134 40 134 79 139 93 173 91 212 62 213 20 224 89 298 21 353 90 376 63 H'MZX. $300 $ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $400, $ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 _L _ COPYRIGHT. 1883. BY CHARLES SC R IB N ER ’S SONS. $600, $ 7 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 9 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $3 50 $375 IM Z^A-ZTsTTriEr^A-OT T J R E S P late 119 FLOURING AND GRIST-MILLS V A LU E OF PRODUCT, P E R CAPIT A, (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Product per Capita. Total Bushels Ground. 25,000,000 bushels 50,000,000 Bushels. Grain. 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 75,000,000 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 125,000,000 150,000,000 175,000,000 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 225,000,000 250,000,000 275,000,000 304,775,737 Other grain............. 234,907,220 Total Product. R an k 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 $,00 0 2 0,00 S t a te . Wyo. _. Wash.A r iz .. F la .. . N e v ... Mont.. !La.. .. Ida. .. N .M ex D a k ... iR.I----D .C . .. Del. .. | ta h .. U Miss. . A r k ... Colo. . N .H ... Conn.. V t_ _ Ore*?.. S.C. 25 IW .Va. Me. N ebr.. Ala. .. N.C. .. T e x .. . M d .... N.J. .. M ass.. K y ... . G a___ Tenn.. Kans.. V a .... Cal. .. Iow a.M ich .. W is ... Ind. . . M o .... O h io.. Minn.. P a .... I l l ............ N .Y ... INDEX. SCALE: $ 4,790 114,086 165,357 337,780 405,089 475,467 489,848 520,986 529,171 1,040,958 1,137,990 1,172,375 1,341,026 1,364,619 1,762,523 2,249,289 2,534,644 2,542,784 2,964,134 3,038,688 3,475,531 3.779,470 3:942,818 3,966,023 4,193,086 4,315,174 6,462.806 7,617,177 7,954,004 8,459,944 8,774.049 9,604,147 9,793,898 10,784,804 11,858,022 12,210,272 12,701,477 19,089,401 23,546,875 27.639.430 29,591,397 32,438,831 38,950,264 41,519,004 41,522,662 47,471,558 40,331,984 1825. $4,000,000 $,00 0 6 0,00 $,00 0 8 0,00 $ ,0 0 0 10 0 ,0 0 $2 0,00 1,00 0 $14,000,,0 0 0 $16,,0 ,0 00 00 $18,000,000 $ 0 0 ,0 0 2 ,0 0 0 $2 0,00 2,00 0 $24,000,000 $26,000,000 Ala. . .22 M o ... - 6 A riz. .45 Mont .42 A rk .. .32 N ebr .23 Cal. . .11 N ev.. .43 Colo. .31 N.H.. .30 Conn -29 N.J. . .18 D a k. . .38 N.M ex 39 Del. . .35 N .Y .. . 1 D. C . . .36 N.O.. .21 Fla. . .44 Ohio. . 5 G a ... .15 Oreg. .27 Ida. . .40 Ha. . 3 111.... 2 R .I ... .37 ind. . 7 S.C.. .26 Iowa. .10 Tenn. .14 Kans. .13 T e x .. .20 K y ... .1(1 Utah. .34 L a ... -41iVt.. . .28 M e ... .24 Va, .12 M d ... 19 Wash -46 Mass. 17 W Va .25 Mich. 9 Wis . 8 Minn. 4 Wyo. .47 Miss. .33 Export of Wheat Flour, 1860-1880. $28,000,000 (Based o n the R eports o f the T reasury Departm ent.) $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $,00 0 2 0,00 $32,000,000 1860 $15, 448,507 1861 24,,645,849 1862 27, 534,677 1863 28,,366,069 1864 25.,588,249 1865 27.,507,084 1886 18.,396,686 1867 12.,803,775 1868 20.,887,798 1869 18,,813,865 1870 21,,169,593 1871 24,,093,184 1872 17,,955,684 1873 19,,381,664 1874 29, 258,094 1875 23. 712,440 1876 24,433,470 1877 663,947 1878 25,i ,095,721 1879 29,. ,567,713 5. 1880 & ,19' $34,000,000 $36,000,000 $38,000,000 $ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $42,000,000 $44,000,000 $46,000,000 $48,000,000 $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 1 $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 - PRICE CH A RT OF W ESTERN FLOUR FOR 56 YEARS. 1880. Lowest and Highest Prices per Barrel in New York. (Based on the accom panying tab le o f prices.) '66 ’67 i ’68 ’ 9 (1 8 7 0 ) T 7 2 7 3 ’ 74 ’ 7 5 ’ 76 !?77 >78 p ( I S 8 0 Lowest and Highest Prices of Western Flour, per Barrel, in New York, $ 10 ( F r o m “ T h e A m e r i c a n A l m a n a c a n d T r e a s u r y o f F a c t s , ” 18 8 1.) Y e a r L o w e s t j H ig h e s t Y e a r L o w e s t H ig h e st Y e a r L o w e s t 18 3 2 18 3 3 18 3 4 18 3 5 18 3 6 18 3 7 18 38 18 39 mo Highest '2 8 1 ’9 ( 18 3 0 )T 1’3 2 1’3 3 ’3 4 1’3 5 j ’3 6 1’3 7 1’3 8 1’9 (1 8 4 0 ) ,1 ’ 4 2 ‘% 3 ’44 ’45 ’46 ’47 >48 W 8 5 ( ) W 1 '’5 2 ’53 ’*54^ 55 ’5 6 ’57 ’58 ’ 9 (18 0 0 ) T ’62 ’6 3 1 64 ’65 ’66 ’6 7 | ’68 ~ 9 ( i8 7 0 Y ’l 7 2 ’ 73 ’74 7 5 7 6 7 7 SCALE.—E ach space b etw een the price lines represents tw en ty cents. COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C H A R LES SC R IB N E R ’S SONS. ’78 >9(1880 18 41 18 -12 18 4 3 $3 4 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 6 25 25 37 56 00 75 00 60 50 81 37 K7 7 00 7 00 5 75 4 62 4 68 4 25 4 43 $4 18 4 4 18 4 5 18 16 18 4 7 8 7 18 4 8 6 00 1 8 4 9 7 2 5 18 5 0 7 00 1 8 5 1 6 50 18 5 2 5 7 5 18 5 3 7 8 7 18 5 4 10 2 5 18 55 1 1 62 18 5 6 9 00 18 5 7 9 12 18 58 25 5 75 6 50 8 (X) 8 6 50 7 50 6 37 5 62 18 59 18 6 0 18 6 1 18 62 4 4 4 4 2 5 $ 5 00 31 7 00 00 6 00 8 25 56 25 6 62 93 6 12 93 6 25 5 32 00 25 00 87 7 50 7 7 5 4 3 4 4 25 50 20 25 75 00 25 $4 4 4 5 5 4 3 18 6 3 18 6 4 18 6 5 18 6 6 18 6 7 18 6 8 18 6 9 18V0 18 71 18 7 2 10 7 5 18 73 1 0 1 8 18 7 4 8 3 1 18 7 5 6 70 18 7 6 5 2 5 18 77 6 50 18 78 5 50 18 79 6 90 4 20l 5 6 5 18 8 0 5 85 $5 7 5 5 6 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 10 15 00 25 25 50 95 50 60 25 62 25 00 00 75 75 60 75 H ig h e s t 1 00 1m 18 25 18 2 6 18 2 7 1828 18 29 1S 3 0 18 31 00 11 75 8 80 1 1 70 1 1 30 9 75 6 40 6 05 7 00 6 80 7 25 7 00 6 50 6 00 8 00 5 50 6 40 5 75 n v r ^ n s r x j^ ^ O T T J R E S P late 120 V A LU E OF PRODUCT, PER C APIT A, IRON AND S TE E L (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Product per Capita. P.*r Rank State. Capita 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Tex. . N .C ... D .C ... N ebr.. O reg.. G a .... M e .... Cal. .. Kans.. A la ... C o lo .. V t .... Tenn.Del. . . Va___ R .I .... M o___ N.1I... I n d ... Mich.. K y .--Conn.N .Y ... Md. .. W is... M ass.. Ill....... n .j . .. W .V a. O h io.. Wyo. . Pa.. .. SC A LE: $1 per capita. SO 02 03 06 18 44 64 89 92 1 00 1 15 1 16 1 18 1 47 1 60 1 70 1 76 2 10 2 29 2 30 2 80 3 02 3 29 4 37 4 78 5 00 S 77 6 67 I INDEX. A la. . .23 Nebr. 29 C a l .. .25 N .H .. 15 Colo. .22 N .J .. 5 Conn. .11 N .Y .. 10 Del. . .19 N.C’.. .31 D .C .. .30 Ohio. 3 Ga .. .27 Oreg. 28 111. .. . 6 P a ... 1 Ind. . .14 R. I.. 17 Kans. .24 Tenn. 20 K y ... .12 T e x .. 32 M e ... .26 V t ... 21 M d ... . 9 V a ... 18 Mass. . 7 W .V a . 4 Mich .13 W i s .. 8 2 M o ... .16 Wyo. UA. TH KEY N o p r o d u c t r e p o r t e d ----------- U n d e r $ 1 p e r C a p i t a ------------ $1 a n d u n d e r $2 p e r C a p ita . $15 $25 $30 $ 20 a n d o v e r , p e r C a p i t a ------ 1 A3 99 180trt$22O Total Product. x-— ®£INDEX A la .. .18 Nebr. 2 8 Cal. . . 2 2 N .H ., 2 1 Colo. . 2 7 N.J. . 5 Conn -17 N .Y .. 3 Del. . . 1 5 N.C.. 3 0 D.C'.. .32 Ohio. 2 G a ... . 2 0 Oreg. . 2 9 1 1 1 . .. 4 P a ... 1 Ind. . .12 R .I.~ . 2 5 Kans - 1 « Tenn. - 1 6 K y ... 9 T e x .. 3 1 M e... .23 V t . .. . 2 6 Md. . .13 V a ... 1-1 Mass. . 6 W .V a . 8 Mich. . 1 1 W is.. 7 Mo. . . 1 0 Wyo. . 2 4 SC A LE: ooo,ooo $0 0,00 1 ,00 0 $18,000,000 $0 0 2 ,0 0 Lowest and Highest Prices of Bar Iron, per Ton, in New York. ( F r o m “ T h e A m e r i c a n A l m a n a c a n d T r e a s u r y o f F a c t s , ” 18 8 1.) Y ear L o w e s t. 18 2 5 $ 8 5 18 ^ 6 85 18 27 77 18 2 8 77 1829 72 18 3 0 72 70 18 31 18 32 70 18 3 3 71 18 34 67 18 3 5 67 18 3 6 75 85 18 3 7 18 38 85 82 18 39 70 1X 41 60 18 4 2 50 55 18 43 isto H ig h e s t. 00 $ 1 2 0 00 00 1 0 0 (X) 9 5 00 00 82 50 50 82 50 50 50 50 00 8 0 (X) 00 7 5 (X) 00 7 5 00 00 7 5 00 7 5 00 50 (X) 1 0 5 00 (X) 1 0 5 (X) (X) 97 50 50 9 5 00 (X) 8 2 50 00 7 5 (X) (X) 62 50 77 00 60 00 Year L o w e s t. H ig h e st. 1 8 4 4 $ 5 7 5 0 $ 0 5 00 18 4 5 8 5 00 6^ 50 18 4 6 8 0 00 7 5 00 18 4 7 70 00 7 7 50 18 4 8 5 0 (X) 7 0 00 1849 5 5 00 4 0 00 4 5 00 40 00 18 51 3 3 50 4 1 (X) 18 52 3 4 00 5 5 00 18 5 3 5 5 00 7 5 00 18 54 62 50 7 7 50 18 55 5 5 00 6 5 (X) 18 56 50 00 65 00 5 2 00 62 50 18 57 18 58 4 4 00 5 5 00 18 59 4 2 5(J 5 0 00 4 1 00 4 4 00 18 6 1 3 8 (XJ 5 0 (X) 18 6 2 50 00 7 0 00 is;o lM IO Year L o w e s t. H ig h e s t. 18 6 3 $ 0 5 00 $ 76 00 18 6 4 1 0 5 00 2 2 0 00 18 6 5 10 0 00 1 3 0 00 18 0 6 9 4 00 1 1 5 00 18 6 7 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 00 IS * 80 00 9 5 00 1869 9 5 00 8 5 0(1 18 70 9 0 00 7 0 (X) 18 71 7 0 (X) 9 5 00 18 72 8 5 00 12 0 00 18 73 7 5 (X) 1 1 0 8 0 18 74 5 5 00 8 0 00 18 75 5 0 (XI 6 2 50 18 76 5 4 00 4 0 (X) 4 4 80 18 77 48 72 18 7 8 4 2 50 4 5 00 18 79 4 5 00 7 8 50 50 00 8 5 00 18 8 0 Export of Iron and Steel and Manufactures of, 1860 to 1880. (Based on the Rei>orts o f the Treasury Departm ent.) SC A LE: Year V a lu e . 18 6 0 $ 5 , 7 1 3 , 0 0 0 18 61 5 ,9 3 2 ,5 8 7 18 6 2 4 ,5 6 3 ,2 0 1 18 0 3 6 ,4 7 5 ,2 7 9 18 6 4 6 ,2 2 0 ,4 5 8 1811.7 8 ,7 8 0 ; 7 S 5 18 6 6 3 ,7 5 9 ,5 5 4 18 6 7 18 6 8 18 6 9 1S 7 0 18 7 1 1X 72 18 73 18 7 4 18 75 18 7 6 18 77 18 78 1« 79 18 8 0 $,00 0 2 0,00 $4,000,000 ,$,00 0 6 0,00 $,00 0 0 ,0 0 8 0100 0 0 $,0,0 $2$14,000,000 1,00 0 0,00 $16,000,000 $18,000,000 $ 0 0 ,0 0 2 ,0 0 0 7 ,5 1 2 ,2 0 0 9 ,0 5 8 ,8 0 8 8 ,7 2 2 , 3 6 7 1 1 ,0 0 2 , 9 0 2 8 ,7 4 7 ,1 0 6 1 1 ,1 1 9 ,8 3 1 1 3 .1 8 0 , 6 5 4 1 7 ,3 8 5 ,7 3 8 1 3 ,4 5 4 ,5 1 4 1 4 ,4 0 8 ,0 3 9 1 3 ,9 6 9 ,2 7 5 1 3 .0 7 4 ,2 3 5 1 2 ,6 0 5 ,5 7 5 Net Import of Iron and Steel and Manufactures of, 1840 to 1880, (Based on the R eports o f the Treasury Departm ent.) SC A LE: 82,000,000 510,000,000 $ 12 ,000,000 $14,000,000 $ 10 , 000,000 $18,000,000 $ 0 0 ,0 0 2 ,0 0 0 $ 22 ,000,000 $24,000,000 $20 ,000 , ,00 0 000 0.00 Lowest and Highest Prices of Scotch Pig Iron, per Ton, in New York. (F r o m “ T h e A m e r ic a n A lm a n a c a n d T r e a s u r y o f F a c ts ,” Y ear $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 I $ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C H A R LES SC R IB N ER 'S SONS. L o w e s t. H ig h e st Y ear L o w e s t. 1 8 2 5 $ 3 5 0 0 $ 7 5 (X) 1 8 3 9 $ 3 7 32 18 2 6 50 00 7 0 00 1S40 32 18 27 50 00 5 5 0 0 1811 23 18 28 5 5 00 1 8 4 2 5 0 00 18 2 9 22 40 00 5 5 0 0 18 -13 30 18 3 0 40 00 5 0 00 18 4 4 18 31 30 40 00 4 7 5 0 18 -15 35 18 32 40 00 4 7 5 0 18 4 6 18 33 30 3 7 50 4 7 50 18 4 7 18 3 4 25 37 50 4 8 00 181.x 3 8 00 18 3 5 22 42 50 18 19 21 18 3 6 38 00 6 2 5 0 18 5 0 19 1X 3 7 40 00 7 0 (X) 1 8 5 1 18 3 8 19 3 7 50 5 5 00 18 52 H ig h e s t . 50 $ 4 5 00 5(J 4 0 (X) (X) 3 7 50 50 3 5 00 50 3 2 00 00 3 5 00 (X) 5 2 50 00 4 2 50 00 4 2 50 (X) 3 7 50 50 2 7 50 00 2 4 00 (X) 2 5 00 00 31 00 Y ear L o w e s t. 18 5 3 $ 18 54 18 55 18 56 28 32 18 57 18 58 1 S 5 !I 1SUU 28 22 22 20 20 21 32 43 40 42 18 6 1 18 6 2 18 6 3 18 64 18 65 18 66 26 29 H ig h e s t . 50 $ (X) 50 00 (X) (X) 00 50 00 00 50 00 00 00 8 8 00 4 2 50 87 37 37 27 31 27 24 33 45 80 55 55 00 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 (X) 00 Year 18 8 L ) L o w e s t. 18 6 7 $ 3 8 18 68 85 18 69 34 M il 31 30 18 71 18 7 2 33 18 7 8 18 7 4 18 75 18 76 00 18 77 18 78 18 79 00 18 S 0 H ig h e st. 00 $ 4 9 00 00 45 75 4 5 00 50 (X) 3 7 00 00 3 9 00 50 6 1 00 00 5 2 00 37 3 3 (X) 4 5 00 4 1 00 2 9 00 3 4 00 2 7 50 2 5 (X) 2 8 00 2 1 50 26 50 30 50 1 9 00 3 5 00 2 1 00 M P l a t e 121 A I S T U P A C T U R E S IRON ROLLING-MILLS. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Product per Capita. Rank 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 S ta te . Per Capita. sc a le : > MDX ---^ N E $1 per Capita. A l a .. .29 M o ... .24 Cal.. .20 Nebr. .26 Colo. .17iN.H.. .19 Conn -15 N .J .. 7 Del. . . 2 N .Y .. 14 D C . . .28 Ohio. 5 G a ... .25 P a ... 3 i n . .. .12 R.T. . 13 Ind. . .11 Tenn. -23 Kalis. -lfc V t.. . 27 Kv. ..10 Y a ... 16 M e ... .22 W .V a 4 Md. - . 8 W is.. 9 Mass. 6 Wyo. 1 Mich. .21 A l a ... $ .037 .061 n .c ... v t . ... .180 N ebr.. .181 Ga___ .315 M o .... .589 Tenn..798 M e .... .805 M ich .. .883 .902 Cal. .. N .H ... .971 Ivans.- 1.008 C o lo .. 1.157 Ya— 1.313 Conn.. 1.529 N .Y ... 1.711 R .I___ 1.764 111....... 1.931 Ind. .. 2.067 K y .... 2.309 W is... 2.496 Md. .. 2.727 N.J. .. 4.028 Mass.. 4.359 O h io .. 4.767 W .V a. 7.151 P a .. . . 14.626 Del. .. 10.009 Wyo... 23.634 p r o d u c t r e p o r t e d ------ U n d e r $1 p e r C a p ita _ _ _ $1 a n d u n d e r $2 p e r C a p ita . $2 » »» $5 »> $5 » »». » $ 10 » ... $ 10 » .. $ 15 » ... $ 1 5 >. .» $20 » ... $ 20 a n d o v e r , p e r C a p i t a . . . I Selected Products. Ton? P rod u ct R ank 14 13 1 2 1 1 1 0 8 6 5 Total Product. 9 R an k jr — -essstlNDEX. V a lu e . S t a te . sc a le 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 D .C ... $ A l a ... V t. . . . N e b r .. C o lo .. N .H .-- G a___ R .I— Wyo. . M e .... Cal. .. Conn.. Kans.. Tenn.. M o .... M ich.. V a . ... Del. .. M d .... W is ... K y .... Ind. .. W .V a. 9 8 7 6 N .J . .. 5 Ill....... 4 M ass.. 3 N .Y ... 2 Ohio. . 1 P a .... 10,970 47,500 60,000 82,000 226,000 337,140 486,760 488,040 491,345 522,953 780,000 952,457 1,004,100 1,232,150 1,278,513 1,446,551 1,986,410 2,347,177 2,550,051 3,284,556 3,807,627 4,090,868 4,422,936 4,556,765 5,944,059 7,773,058 8,697,446 15,247,770 62,644,366 ; $,00 0 2 0,00 $4,000,000 $,00 0 6 0,00 $,00 0 8 0,00 7 A l a .. .28 M o ... .15 Cal. . .19 Nebr. .26 Colo. .25 N .H .. .24 Conn -18 N.J. . 6 Del. . .12 N .Y .. 3 V . C .. .29 Ohio. 2 G a— 23 P a ... 1 i n . . . 5 R .I.. 22 Ind. . 8 Tenn. .16 Kans. .17 V t . .. 27 K y ... 9 V a ... 13 M e... 20 W .V a 7 M d .. .11 W is.. 10 Mass. 4 Wyo.. .21 Mich. .14 $ ,0 0 0 10 0 ,0 0 V a lu e SCALE: 2,630 $ 3,703 17 16 15 8 2 4 i B a r -ir o n ,/......................................................................... 21,884 64,469 48,345 96,810 94,749 82,358 96,843 89,560 128,321 94,992 145,626 252,830 466,917 663,211 179,154 294,010 1,398,112 1,600,104 2,440,941 2,867,872 5,520,719 5,688,863 5,974,405 6,069,484 6,501,298 7,910,409 8,473,642 9,303,133 16,295,300 20,978,697 35,302,431 00 0 0 ,0 0 $ 0 0 ,0 0 2 ,0 0 0 BSE ■ ! ■ a. This is only the quantity o f iron ham mered in forges connected with rolling-mills. b. This is only the car-axles ham m ered in forges attached to rolling-mills. c. Fish plates, &c. d. Horse-shoes, railroad spikes, w ire, &c. e. Skelp-iron is used fo r w rought-iron tubes and pipes. These quantities and values d o n ot include finished pipe m ade in the sam e w orks, w hich finished pipe is em braced in “ Unclassified Finished P rod u cts.” / . These quantities and values include only bar-iron and rod-iron sold in the form o f rod s and bars. T hey d o n ot include bar-iron and rod-iron w orked into spikes and other finished form s b y the sam e establishments, which quantities and values are fou n d under the head o f “ Unclassified Finished P rodu cts.” g. The tons o f cu t nails here given can b e reduced t o kegs b y m ultiplying b y 20. (A k eg o f cut-nails weighing 100 pounds.) $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 V A L U E OF PRODUCT, PER CAPIT A, BLAST FURNACES. A 'i C 'X - , ^ • /g 'Si. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) nebr COLO. . by States, 1880. ^ IOWA. KANS. Product per Capita. TENN. U n d er $1 p er $1 Selected Products. Total Product, Rank 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 S ta te . V a lu e . V t. . . . $ 24,800 36,000 T e x ... 60,375 M e .... 78,393 lOreg.. 312,810 Mass.. 440,695 V a . ... 460,535 Ind. .. 466,890 G a .... ■Conn.644,911 840,022 Tenn.K y .... 1,248,652 A la ... 1,405,356 W .V a. 1,631,096 Md. .. 1,700,339 Mo. .. 2,275,017 2,391,850 h i. . . . M ich.. 3,145,062 W is... 3,295,835 N .J ... 3,428,747 N .Y ... 6,816,241 O h io .. 13.038,193 P a ... . 45,573,750 ■<m\NDEX. A l a .. .11 N.J. . 4 Conn. .14 N .Y .. 3 G a ... .15 Ohio. 2 i n . . . - 7 Oreg. .19 Ind. . .16 P a ... 1 K y ... .12 Tenn. .18 M e ... .20 T e x .. .21 M d ... 9 v t ,... .22 Mass. .18 V a ... -17 Mich. . 6 W .Va .10 M.O... . 8 W is .. . 5 $ 0 0 ,0 0 2 ,0 0 0 $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO NS. sc a le : and under nVC^A-UsrUJIF'^A-OT U B E S P late 1 2 2 V A LU E OF PRODUCT, PER CAPIT A, BESSEMER AND OPEN-HEARTH STEEL WORKS. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Product per Capita, Rank 2 #4 •5 KEY $ 6 .9 2 5 • 944 \.221 N o p r o d u c t r e p o r t e d ______ $ ? 1 .3 5 5 2 .0 6 2 3 .9 6 2 1 1 1. . . . . 1 Pa. ...1 $2 .0 1 5 .0 8 8 .1 6 2 .4 1 8 .4 7 2 N .J . . . 7 Vt. . . . 6 N .Y ... 5 M ass.. 4 N .1I... 3 Ohio. . 1 1 $1 per Capita. C a p ita . 12 K y . - . _ $ 11 Tenn.. 10 Conn.. 9 M o .... 8 scale: Per S ta te . U n d e r $ 1 p e r C a p i t a ................. , 6 .4 3 2 $1 a n d u n d e r $2 p e r C a p ita l¥ L A -m SCALE: Selected Products. $ 2 , 000,000 % j i i i p Total Product. Open-hearth steel structural sh a p es...................... Bessemer steel structural sh a p e s............................ Open-hearth steel ro d s ................................................ Other products, including jobb in g and repairing. Bessemer steel p lates.................................................. Open-hearth steel sheets............................................. Open-hearth steel rails................................................ Unclassified Bessemer steel....................................... Open-hearth steel p lates............................................. Unclassified open-nearth ste e l................................. Open-hearth steel b ars................................................ Bessemer steel ro d s ..................................................... Bessemer steel b ars..................................................... Bessemer steel rails..................................................... SCALE: 2 000,000 $ , $4,000,000 V a lu e . 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 K y._. Conn. Tenn. V t. .. N.H.. N.,1. . M o ... Mass. N .Y .. Ohio. 111.... Pa.. . $ $ 6,000,000 $ 8,000,000 $ ,$ 12,000,000 10000,000 2 4 ,7 5 0 1 0 1 ,4 0 0 1 3 7 ,2 5 0 3 0 7 ,5 0 0 4 7 0 ,2 0 0 5 3 4 ,4 3 9 9 0 7 ,0 0 0 2 , 1 7 8 ,8 6 0 4 ,8 0 2 ,0 3 6 6 ,5 9 6 ,7 9 7 $ 1 4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 1 6 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 1 8 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $4,000,000 80 $ 557 1,134 1,475 1,700 9,105 20,615 11,034 26,794 43,296 49,064 76,710 741,475 8,800 63,060 123,200 142,940 148,144 191,955 483,450 1,362,162 1,428,300 2,476,659 3,454,321 3,795,240 4,718,354 37.408,625 $2 v $5 .. $5 »» $10 „ „ $15 „ $10 „ $15 » $ 6 ,000,000 $ 8 ,000,000 „ $20 „ i $20 and over,, per Capita. $ 10,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $38,000,000 $ 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 22 ,000,000 $24,000,000 ' $26,000,000 I $28,000,000 1 2 ,1 9 7 ,3 8 0 2 7 ,5 4 7 ,5 9 8 V A L U E OF PRODUCT, PER CAPITA, CRUCIBLE AND MISCELLANEOUS STEEL WORKS. by States, (Based on the R eturns o f the Tenth Census.) \ \ Product per Capita, scale: V Utah , / A fa z, $1 per Capita. Rank 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 S t a te . j i ! / COLO, ! | kans . I j i — 4 1 : KEY j h -mex . P er N o p r o d u c t r e p o r t e d ------------ Capita. , n i....... $ .003 K y._.. .005 O h io.. .011 M ass.. .012 N .Y ... .083 Conn.. .481 N .J ... 1.425 P a - .. 1.927 — .1 U nder TEX. V $1 p e r C a p i t a _______ $ 1 a n d u n d e r $2 p e r C a p ita . .y \ $2 „ „ $5 „ 8 15 , 820 a n d o v e r , p e r C a p it a . Selected Products. R an k Total Product. R an k 8 S ta te . scale: K y .... $ - . 1 1 1. 1 2 ,0 0 0 6 M assO h io .. Conn.- 2 1 ,9 9 3 3 5 ,6 0 0 5 4 3 2 1 P a .... $ 2 , 000,000 $ 25,793 628,954 4,956 70,319 10,015,511 $ 10 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 $ 6,000,000 $8 ,000,000 2 9 9 ,9 3 0 4 2 5 ,1 4 0 1 ,6 1 2 ,8 5 0 8 ,2 5 3 ,7 4 5 N .Y ... N .J ... V a lu e $4,000,000 9 ,0 0 0 7 Tons P rod u ct 3 Other products, including jobb in g and re p a irin g. 2 Unclassified p ro d u cts................................................... 1 Finished crucible steel.................................................. $ 2 ,000,000 V a lu e . SCALE: $ 10 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 V A LU E OF PRODUCT, PER C APIT A, BLOOMARIES AND FORGES. , « ^ ( (Based on the K etum s o f th e Tenth Census.) Product per Capita, scale: $1 per Capita. R an k S ta te . P er C a p ita . 10 Mass.. S .ooi 9 Ga----.024 .029 8 N .C ... .042 7 Tenn.. .092 6 M o .... 5 V a— .105 4 N.J. .. .184 .234 3 Md. .. 2 N .Y ... .290 .363 1 P a .... N o p r o d u c t r e p o r t e d ------- U n d e r 8 1 p e r C a p i t a ____ 8 1 a n d u n d e r $2 p e r C a p ita . 8 15 i $ 2 0 a n d o v e r , p e r C a p i t a ___ SCALE: Selected Products. Total Product. scale: 2 000,000 2 000,000 $ , R an k P rod u ct V a lu e Tons $ , R an k S ta te . 10 M a s s . . $ 9 G a - .. 8 N.C. .. 7 T en n .. 6 V a . . .. 5 M o .... 4 N .J .. . 3 Md___ 2 N .Y. .. 1 P a -------- V a lu e . 2,200 37,200 41,085 64,781 158,888 200,000 209,095 219,660 1,478,356 1,556,809 3 Other products, including jobb in g and rep a irin g. 2 1 Bloom s m ade from pig and scrap-iron.................... $ 37,633 34,924 $4,000,000 25,761 1,812,380 2,129,933 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CH A R LES SC R IB N ER ’S SONS. n v E ^ n s r x j^ ^ c T T J ^ E s P late 1 2 3 SPECIFIC COTTON GOODS (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Product per Capita, Rank State. 81 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 a 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 T e x ... M ich.. Minn.. Utah. . A r k ... m ____ L a .... Fla. -. O h io .. M o .... W is ... K y ..Term.Ind. .. Miss. . V a ___ Ala. .. N .Y ._. N .O ... P a . . .. v t . . .. S .C .... N.J. .. G a----M d .. . Del. .. M e .... Conn. • Mass.. N .H ... R .I .... Per Capita. $ .oi .04 .05 .06 .06 .07 .09 .09 .20 .24 .25 .25 .57 .58 .60 .69 .97 1.63 1.82 2.57 2.58 2.91 4.02 4.20 5.01 5.94 20.52 25.81 40.54 51.74 82.72 Total Product. Rank State. 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Utah. . T e x ... Fla. .. Minn.. A r k ... M ich.. L a .. . . Ill....... W is... Ky. .. M o .... O h io .. Miss. . V t ... . Del. .. Tenu.V a .... Ind. .. A la ... N .C ... S.C. .. N.J. .. M d .... G a .... N .Y ... P a ... . Me___ Conn.. N .H ... R .I. . . Mass.. Amount. $ 7,937 21,600 25,000 40,000 50,000 70,000 86,776 219,861 328,389 418,286 522,980 637,000 679,093 855,864 871,007 874,717 1,040,962 1,155,029 1,228,019 2,554,482 2,895,769 4,548,215 4,682,114 6,481,894 8,266,836 11,021,054 13,319,363 16,069,771 17,953,403 22,875,111 72,289,518 Cotton Crop of the United States for 52 Years. ( F r o m “ T h e A m e r i c a n A l m a n a c a n d T r e a s u r y o f F a c t s , ” 18 8 1.) SCALE: Year B a le s * 1829 200,000 8 7 0 ,4 1 5 9 7 6 ,8 4 5 1 , 0 3 8 ,8 4 8 9 8 7 ,4 8 7 1 ,0 7 0 ,4 3 8 1 ,2 0 5 ,3 2 4 1 ,2 5 4 ,3 2 8 1 ,3 6 0 ,7 5 2 ISM 18 31 18 32 18 3 3 18 34 18 3 5 18 36 18 3 7 18 3 8 1,8 39 IS40 18 11 18 4 2 18 43 18 14 18 45 18 4 6 1,8 4 7 18 4 8 18 4 9 1S50 18 5 1 18 52 18 5 3 18 54 18 55 18 56 18 57 18 58 18 59 1S60 18 61 18 6 2 18 63 18 64 18 65 18 66 18 6 7 18 6 8 18 69 1S 0 7 18 71 18 72 18 73 18 74 18 75 18 76 18 77 18 78 18 7 9 1880 1 ,4 2 2 ,9 3 0 1 ,8 0 1 ,4 9 7 1 ,3 6 0 ,5 3 2 2 ,1 7 7 ,8 3 5 1 ,0 3 4 ,9 4 5 1 ,6 8 3 ,5 7 4 2 ,3 7 8 ,8 7 5 2 ,0 3 0 ,4 0 9 2 , 3 9 4 ,5 0 3 2 ,1 0 0 ,5 3 7 1 ,7 7 8 ,6 5 1 2 ,3 4 7 ,0 3 1 2 ,7 2 8 ,5 9 0 2 ,0 9 6 ,7 0 6 2 ,3 5 5 ,2 5 7 3 ,0 1 5 ,0 2 !) 3 ,2 6 2 ,8 8 2 2 ,9 3 0 .0 2 7 2 ,8 4 7 , 3 3 9 3 ,5 2 7 .8 4 5 2 ,9 3 9 ,5 1 9 3 ,1 1 3 ,9 6 2 3 ,8 5 1 ,4 8 1 4 , 6 6 9 ,7 7 0 3 ,6 5 0 ,0 0 6 No R ecord . (Civil W ar.) 2 ,1 9 3 ,9 8 7 2 ,0 1 9 ,7 7 4 2 ,5 9 3 , 9 9 3 2 , 4 3 9 ,0 3 9 3 ,1 5 4 ,9 4 6 4 ,3 5 2 ,3 1 7 2 ,9 7 4 ,3 5 1 3 ,9 3 0 ,5 0 8 4 ,1 7 0 ,3 8 8 3 ,8 3 2 ,9 9 1 4 , 6 6 9 ,2 8 8 4 , 4 8 5 ,4 2 3 4 ,8 1 1 ,2 6 5 5 ,0 7 3 ,5 3 1 5 ,7 5 7 ,3 9 7 * The average net weight per bale is 440 pounds. Lowest and Highest Prices of Upland Cotton, per Pound, in New York, ( F r o m “ T h e A m e r ic a n A l m a n a c a n d T r e a s u r y o f F a c ts ,” 1881.) Y e a r Low est H ig h e st Y e a r Low est H ig h e st $ 8s “ 0 1 0 7 11 1 2 8 1 2 1 8 1 8 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 6 1 8 2 8 0 8 1 2 0 0 1 2 2 0 1 1 2 0 m 18 1 u 1 1 1 8 2 1 1 -;: 9 86 1 171 2 17 1 " 81 8 187 1 88 6 1 17 1 1 1 17 1 2 8 15 1 81 1 8 1 1 1 8 0 18 25 $ 0 13 18 2 6 9 18 2 7 18 2 8 18 2 9 18 3 0 18 31 18 32 18 3 3 18 34 18-35 9 $0 27 14 18 5 3 18 54 18 55 13 18 56 18 57 18 58 18 59 I8 6 0 18 0 1 18 62 18 0 3 18 6 4 13 7 7 9 17 16 15 18 36 18 3 7 18 3 8 18 3 9 7 9 18 4 1 9 18 42 18 4 3 18 44 18 15 18 16 7 5 5 4 18 47 7 5 18 11 18 19 18 51 18 5 2 17 18 95 18 66 16 18 6 7 18 98 18 (59 9 18 10 18 71 18 72 9 9 14 14 10 9 13 9 15 13 28 54 72 33 32 15 16 25 15 15 18 13 15 13 1 90 22 52 36 33 35 26 25 25 19 17 13 13 9 18 7! 18 8 0 91 13 1 13 1 C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S. P late 1 2 4 MANUFACTURES WOOLEN GOODS. (Based on the Returns o f th e Tenth Census. 1 Product per Capita. R an k 35 34 33 P er C a p ita . S ta te . A la . .. T e x ... 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 s .c . . . $ 0 .0 2 .0 5 .0 5 .1 5 .1 5 A rk ... G a .. .. .2 1 .2 1 .2 2 K a ils .. N .C ... Mich.. Miss... Minn.. .2 6 .3 0 V a .- .. T e n n .. .3 8 .4 0 .4 1 .4 2 .5 2 .5 2 Iow a.2 2 M o .... 21 20 O liio.. W .Va. Ill....... 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 .5 7 .6 1 .7 6 .9 3 f c W is .. . Ind. .. Cal. . . 1 2 N .Y ... 11 10 1 .1 2 1 .3 7 2 .8 9 1.9 2 1 .9 4 U ta h .. Ore g .. N.J. .. 9 8 D e l. . . 7 P a .... 6 V t. . .. M e .... 5 4 N .H ... Mass.. Conn.. R .I — 3 2 1 Total Product, R an k S.C. . . Ala. .. A m o u n t. S t a te . 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 $ 2 4 ,0 7 5 6 3 ,7 4 5 W a s h .- 7 0 ,0 0 0 8 0 ,5 0 0 1 2 7 ,4 3 0 2 1 1 ,5 2 5 2 3 9 ,3 9 0 2 5 3 ,3 7 8 2 7 9 ,4 2 4 2 9 9 ,6 0 5 3 0 3 ,1 6 0 3 5 6 ,9 8 6 4 8 1 ,5 1 7 4 8 8 ,3 0 8 5 4 9 ,0 3 0 T e x ... A rk ... Kans.G a .... Minn.. U ta h . . Miss. . N .C ... W .V a. M ich.. 2 2 Md. .. 2 1 O reg.. 20 V a .- - 19 18 Tenn.Del. .. Iow a.- 17 16 15 14 13 M o .... K y .... W is... Cal. .. 1 2 Ohio. . 11 10 Ind. .. 9 V t. ... i n ........... N.J. .. 7 M e .... 6 N .H ... 5 N .Y ... 4 R .I— 3 C onn.. 2 P a .. . . 1 Mass.. 8 5 7 7 ,0 ( 5 8 6 2 0 ,7 2 4 6 6 5 ,2 5 3 6 7 9 ,9 0 4 9 3 0 ,9 6 1 1 ,2 6 4 ,9 8 8 1 , 4 8 0 ,0 6 9 1 ,6 * 4 ,8 5 8 1 .6 7 8 ,1 8 9 1 .8 9 6 ,4 6 0 2 ,7 2 9 ,3 4 7 3 ,2 1 7 ,8 0 7 4 , 9 8 4 ,0 0 7 6 ,6 8 6 ,0 7 3 8 ,1 1 3 ,8 3 9 9 ,8 7 4 ,9 7 3 1 5 ,4 1 0 ,4 5 0 1 6 ,8 9 2 ,2 8 4 3 2 .3 4 1 ,2 9 1 4 5 , 0 9 9 .2 0 3 Total Import of Wool and Manufactures of, 1840 to 1880. Y ear V a lu e . 1 S 4 0 $ 9 ,9 1 7 ,2 6 0 18 41 1 2 ,0 9 3 ,8 9 2 1842 9 ,1 7 3 ,1 0 7 2 ,7 2 0 , 8 3 3 18 43 1 0 ,3 2 7 ,2 4 2 18 4 4 18 4 5 1 2 ,3 5 5 ,9 7 0 1 1 ,2 1 8 ,0 4 5 18 4 6 1 1 ,5 5 4 ,7 5 5 1K 4 7 1 6 ,0 9 7 ,9 1 7 18 4 8 18 4 9 1 4 ,8 8 1 ,9 5 3 18 5 0 1 8 , 8 3 3 ,2 0 0 18 51 2 3 ,3 4 0 ,4 6 6 1 9 ,5 0 4 ,6 7 5 18 52 3 0 ,2 9 1 ,6 2 9 18 53 18 5 4 ; 18 55 18 56 18 57 18 58 18 59 1 SG(] 18 61 18 62 is o s 18 6 4 18 6 5 18 66 18 6 7 18 6 8 18 6 9 18 7(1 18 71 18 72 18 73 18 7 4 18 75 18 7 6 18 7 7 18 7 8 18 79 18 8 0 3 5 ,2 0 4 ,7 7 9 2 6 ,4 7 6 ,2 8 8 3 3 ,6 2 6 ,8 5 7 3 3 ,4 1 1 ,8 6 2 3 0 , 5 0 8 ,7 2 6 3 7 ,9 6 6 ,9 1 0 4 2 ,7 7 9 ,3 4 2 3 3 , 2 0 4 ,5 1 6 2 3 ,7 8 4 , 6 6 2 3 3 , 8 8 2 ,4 7 2 5 1 ,1 2 1 ,1 4 4 2 7 ,7 1 8 ,5 1 6 6 7 , 2 8 0 ,5 6 0 SC A L E : $ 2 , 000,000 Total Export of Wool and Manufactures of, 1840 to 1880. Table of Lowest and Highest Prices of the Cheapest Grade Wool, per Pound, in New York. ( B a s e d o n t h e R e p o r t s o f t h e T r e a s u r y D e p a r tm e n t.) ( B a s e d o n t h e R e p o r t s o f t h e T r e a s u r y D e p a r tm e n t.) (F r o m “ T h e A m e r ic a n A lm a n a c a n d T r e a s u r y o f F a c ts ,” 18 8 1.) "MO,OOO,OOO Year Year L. 18 25 $ 0 18 2 6 18 2 7 18 2 8 18 29 18 3 0 18 3 1 $ 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $40, 00 0,00 0 18 3 2 18 3 3 18 34 18 3 5 18 36 18 3 7 18 3 8 H. 30 $ 0 3 8 28 38 20 130 20 30 18 27 16 30 20 35 20 35 35 27 25 35 25 40 *5 50 28 50 28 40 Year L. 18 3 9 ! $ 0 18 4 0 18 41 1842 18 4 3 1844 18 4 5 18 4 6 H. 3 7 $ 0 40 20 35 20 30 18 18 25 24 22 18 28 30 30 32 35 41 18 4 7 18 18 22 20 18 4 9 18 50 18 51 18 52 25 30 30 26 24 37 30 42 Year L. 18 5 3 18 5 4 18 55 $ 0 88 18 56 18 57 18 58 18 59 I8 6 0 18 61 18 62 18 6 3 18 6 4 18 65 18 66 H. Y ear $ 0 44 25 40 24 *4 30 38 30 44 27 34 34 22 40 62 75 TO 25 32 45 40 45 65 80 1 20 77 27 L. 18 6 7 $ 0 18 6 8 18 69 18 70 18 71 18 72 18 73 18 74 18 75 18 76 18 77 18 78 18 79 18 8 0 1840 18 4 1 18 42 18 4 3 18 4 4 18 45 25 $0 3 7 34 37 35 32 34 '4 5 63 32 45 67 35 57 36 48 48 138 43 25 32 20 27 25 1 8 4 6 ,8 2 0 3 ,9 6 6 18 4 7 8 9 ,4 6 0 18 48 18 19 18 50 18 51 43 *3 50 45 18 52 18 5 3 18 54 18 55 18 56 $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 18 57 18 5 8 18 59 180(1 $ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 i 18 61 18 62 18 6 3 18 64 18 65 18 66 7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 5 1 ,4 3 8 ,8 9 7 3 4 ,0 0 8 ,8 8 2 3 9 , 7 5 4 ,2 0 7 4 1 ,2 * 4 ,0 1 8 5 3 ,6 2 0 ,0 8 * 7 9 ,6 1 4 ,5 4 4 7 1 ,5 0 9 ,4 * 0 5 5 ,1 3 3 ,4 9 4 1H B 7 1K B8 18 6 9 $ 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 5 5 ,0 8 0 ,9 0 3 4 1 ,4 5 7 ,4 2 5 3 2 ,8 5 8 . 8 6 6 3 3 ,5 9 3 ,1 6 9 2 9 ,3 9 0 ,3 6 6 5 7 ,6 3 8 ,7 4 3 is;o 18 71 18 72 18 73 18 74 18 75 18 76 18 77 18 78 18 79 1880 C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO NS. V a lu e . SCALE: $2,000,000 H. 2 7 ,8 0 2 2 7 ,4 5 5 1 9 ,0 0 7 2 1 1 ,8 6 1 * 5 5 ,5 6 3 3 8 9 ,5 1 2 2 3 7 ,8 4 6 2 9 6 ,2 2 5 1 7 8 ,4 3 4 1 4 8 ,3 0 1 3 9 4 ,3 4 9 4 0 3 ,8 6 0 2 2 5 ,5 5 5 3 9 7 ,9 9 8 3 1 5 ,8 8 1 1 7 9 ,0 8 7 2 4 7 ,1 6 7 2 4 9 ,1 0 3 2 2 7 ,5 2 1 1 9 6 ,2 6 8 2 1 7 ,1 5 5 3 5 0 ,2 3 4 3 1 8 ,2 8 3 5 4 2 ,3 4 2 3 6 4 ,3 7 7 2 8 8 ,5 6 3 M 125 P late ^ n s r U F ^ C T U E E S V A L U E OF PRODUCT, PER CAPITA, M IXED TEXTILES. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Product per Capita, sc a le : — « i t IN D E X . y SI per Capita. Rank 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 C a l.. -18[N .J.. . 9 ( ' 0 1 ) 11 . . 2 N .Y .. . 8 Del. . .12 Ohio. .17 111. . . .14 Pa.. . . 5 Ind. . .11 R .I ... . 1 K v— .10 Tenn .16 M e... 7 V t. .. . 6 M d ... .19 V a ... . 1 5 Mass. . 4 W is.. .13 N .H ., . 3 Per S t a ts . C a p ita . M d .... $ .021 C a l.. . .025 O h io .. .025 Tenn.. .051 V a . ... .071 i n ....... .073 W is ... .080 Del. . . .342 Ind. . . .464 K y .-..527 N.J. . . 1.685 N .Y .._ 2.631 M e .... V t ... . Pa.. .. Mass.. N .H ... C onn.. R.I. . . $3 $4 $ 5 $ 7 S ta te . 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 i M d .... C a l.. . Del. .. Tenn.. Ohio. _ W is ... V a .— im .... K y .— Ind. Vt. . . . N .J ... M e.— N .H— R .I .. . Conn.Mass.. N.Y.-_ P a .... $10 U nder $1 p e r C a p i t a _____ $ 1 a n d u n d e r $ 2 p e r C a p ita * V a lu e . $ KEY N o p r o d u c t r e p o r t e d _____ Total Product, R an k < 8 — SCA LE: 20,240 22,350 50,220 79,000 80,970 106,243 108,500 227,600 869,329 918,150 1,277,903 1,906,680 1,909,937 2,703,281 2,718,822 5,919,505 13,043,829 13,376,380 20,882,764 2 000,000 $ , $4,000,000 $ 6,000,000 $ 8 , 000,000 I NDEX. Cal. . .18 N.J. . 8 Conn. 4 N .Y .. . 2 Del. . .17 Ohio. .15 III.... .12 P a ... . 1 Ind. . .10 R .I... . 5 K y ... 11 Tenn .16 M e... 7 Vt. .. . 9 M d ... .19 V a ... .13 Mass. 3 Wis. .14 N .H .. 0 0 a n d o v e r, p e r C a p ita $ 10,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 12,000,000 $14,000,000 $16,000,000 $18,000,000 $ 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 I $22,000,000 V A L U E OF PRODUCT, PER CAPIT A, SILK AND SILK GOODS. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Product per Capita. SC A LE: y ---- m $1 per Capita. P er C a p ita . S t a te . R an k 15 12 11 10 $4 $ 5 .0 0 6 .0 1 6 .0 2 5 .0 3 6 N .H ... 8 R . I -----M d .... M e .... 7 Ill....... C a l.. . Pa. . . . N .Y ... M ass.. 2 1 IN D E X . $ 8 .151 5 4 3 $ 6 .0 3 7 .0 4 7 .0 7 9 6 € C a l.. 6 | N . H . . . 1 1 Conn. 2 N . J . . 1 111. . . 7 | N . Y . . . 4 Kans. - 1 5 O h i o . .12 M e ... 8 ;P a .. . . 5 M d .. 9 ;R .I. . .10 M ass. 3 V t. .. .13 M o... 14 1 S3 .0 0 1 .0 0 1 K a n s .. $ M o .... V t. . .. O h io .. 14 13 $ 2 C o n n .. 9 $ 10 $1 1 $12 .6 6 6 KEY 1 .8 4 3 1 .9 5 7 N.J. .. U n d e r g l p e r C a p i t a ------------ $ 1 a n d u n d e r g2 p e r C a p ita . Total Product. sca le : R an k 15 14 13 12 11 10 S t a te . V a lu e . Ivans.. $ 540 2,100 2,500 8,700 10,000 31,100 35,415 53,110 130,705 244,150 2,853,165 3,491,093 5,438,075 9,368,025 12,851,045 V t. . .. M o .... N .H ... R .I— M e .... 9 Md. . . 8 Ohio. . 7 Cal. 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 1 ____ Pa. . . . Mass.. Conn.. N .Y ... N.J. .. Selected IN D E X . y $ 2,000,000 Cal. . 7 N.H. ( 'onn. 3 N.J. $4,000,000 111.... 6 N.Y. Kans. .15 Ohio. $0 ,000,000 M e... .10 Pa. . M d ... 9 R .I... $ 8 , 000,000 Mass. 4 V t. .. Mo. . .13' .12 . 1 . 2 . 8 . 5 .11 .14 Rank Products. (Yards). SCA LE: 5,000,000 Yards. 20,000,000^25^000,000 2 Broad good s and handkerchiefs .. 10,856,284 1 Ribbons and la ce s.............................. 30,129,951 Selected $ 10,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 $ 12,000,000 Products. (Pounds). SC A LE: 1,000,000 Pounds. P ou n d s R an k P rod u ct 2 1 $14,000,000 $20 a n d o v e r , p e r C a p i t a . 1.00 0 15 0,00 0 0,00 ,000 Y a rd ! P rod u ct Trimmings and sm all g o o d s .......... Sewing and t w i s t ............. ............... 7 1 0 ,1 4 9 8 2 1 ,5 2 8 V A L U E OF PRODUCT, PER CAPITA, WORSTED GOODS. a/— hv States. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Product per Capita, R an k 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 P er C a p ita . S ta te . SCA LE: #1 per Capita. $2 ®o 1 Ohio.-- $ .031 N.J. . . .105 N .Y ... .456 2.351 P a .. . . 2,565 Conn.Mass.. N .II... 7.764 R .I— $ $11 $12 10 $13 gi4 $ 15 $ 16 g 17 $18 $19 $2 0'$21 Selected Products. (Yards). 5 000,000 Yards P rod u ct R an k 15 14 Y a rd s , R e p ............... ....................................... C loa k in g.............................................. 13 W oolen cloths, cassimeres, & c— 11 Upholstery g o o d s .............................. 10 T e r r y .................................................... 9 T a p e stry.............................................. 12 8 7 6 5 4 Serges................................................... Lastings___ ....................... ................. A lp a c a -------------------------- --------------- 3 2 1 Total Product. R an k S ta te . Ohio. . N.J. .. Conn.5 N .Y ... 4 N.II. . 3 R .I. .. 2 P a .. . . 1 M ass.. 8 7 6 V a lu e . $ 1 0 1 ,2 5 0 1 1 9 .0 0 0 1 ,5 9 7 ,2 2 7 2 ,3 2 1 ,9 9 0 2 ,6 9 4 , 2 3 2 6 ,1 7 7 ,7 5 4 1 0 .0 7 2 ,4 7 3 C oa tin g s.............................................. Dress g o o d s ........................................ 9,000 16,107 105,000 200(000 205,000 214.000 329,000 362,168 530,741 910,553 1,000,000 1,357,444 2,230,221 2,875^672 63,833,341 10 ,000,000 1 1 1 15,000,000 20, 000,000 2 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ■ 30,000,000 qe /w\ aaa 35’0 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 45 ooo 0 0 0 ’0 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 I IH B 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 SCALE: $ 2,000,000 Selected $4,000,000 $ 6,000,000 $ 8 ,000,000 $10,000,000 $ 12,000,000 R an k SC A LE: 1,000,000 Pounds. Products. (Pounds). Pounds P rod u ct ^0 0 0 0 ,0 0 3(xx>,ooo ^ 5oooooo 6 , 000,000 3 2 1 W oolen ya m , m ade and s o l d ........ Noils, shorts, & c................................ W orsted yarn, m ade and sold — 1 ,5 4 0 ,4 9 3 4 ,2 3 8 ,2 9 5 9 ,6 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 0 , 4 6 6 ,0 1 6 C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO NS. 7 ,000,000 8,000,000 n Ann (Wl 9 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 IIVn^IINrTTIF.A.OTTTIRIES P late 1 2 6 V A L U E OF PRODUCT, P E R CAPITA, DYEING AND FINISHING. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Product per Capita. scale: INDEX. $1 per Capita. Rank State. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Per Capita.^ $2 $3 84 .Ga___ $ .002 K y .— .003 Mo. . . .010 Ind. .. .016 Ill____ .044 Ohio. . .045 W .V a. .087 N .Y ... .546 Conn.. .746 Pa. . . . 1.461 M e .... 1.706 N.J. .. N .H ... 4.519 Mass.. 5.318 R .I— 24.858 Conn.- 7|N.H.. 3 Ga ...1 5;N .J . . 4 m — i i In .y . 8 Ind. ..12 Ohio. .10 Ivy___ 14 P a ... 6 M e .... 5 R .I ... 1 Mass.. 2 W .V a . 9 M o .. .131 *5 813 $14 $15 $16 $17 $18 $19 KEY *2 $21 $22 No product reported...... $23 $24 Under $1 per Capita______ $25 $1 and under $2 per Capita. $2 Rank State. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Conn. 8 N .H .. Ga. . .15 N .J.. 111. . . .10 N .Y .. Ind. . .12 Ohio. K y ... .14 P a ... M e ... 7 R .I ... Mass. . 1 W .V a M o ... .13 Value. G a .. . . $ 3,500 Iv y .... 6,420 M o .. . 22,200 Ind. .. 32,000 W .V a. 54,000 111.. . . 135,521 144,295 O h io .. Conn.464,800 M e .... 1,107,616 N.H. . 1,568,100 N .Y ... 2,776,154 N.J. .. 3,365,769 P a ----6,259,852 R .I___ 6,874,254 M ass.. 9,482,939 $5 „ ” - > » $10 a .. . a $15 > , » - $15 „ INDEX. » » $10 » Total Product, > . $5 „ $20 „ a . 3 * $20 and over, per Capita _ 6 4 5 9 3 2 11 $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 / HOSIERY AND KNIT GOODS. V A L U E OF PRODUCT, PER C APIT A, (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Product per Capita, scale: INDEX, $1 per Capita. Rank State. 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 M d .. Iow a.W .V a. M e .... Minn.W is... Mo___ Ind. .. R.I. .. O h io.. Ill____ M ich.. N .J ... Mass.. Vt. . . . N .Y ... Pa.. .. Conn.N.H. . Per Capita. $ .001 .001 .004 .004 .012 .014 .039 .079 .130 .130 .157 .230 .761 1.392 1.791 1.947 2.086 Conn - 2 N .H .. . 1 111. - - . 9 N .J .. . 7 Ind. . .12 N .Y .. . 4 Iow a -18 Ohio. .10 M e... .16 P a ... . 3 Md. . .19 R .I... .11 Mass. . 6 V t... . 5 Mich. 8 W .V a. 17 Minn. .15 W is.. .14 M o .. .13 $2 $3 $4 $5 KEY $0 Under $1 per Capita______ Selected 720 M d .... $ W .V a. 2,600 2,908 Iow a .. 3,000 M e .... 10,000 Minn.. W is ... 18,817 36,000 R .I----M o .... 85,000 158,200 Ind. .. 377,249 M ich 418,825 O h io .. 484,124 in ____ V t ... . 595,270 N.J. .. 861,181 N .H ... 2,362,779 Conn.. 2,432,271 Mass.. 2,483,596 P a .. . . 8,935,147 N .Y ... 9,899,540 $4,000,000 $6,000,000 : 100,000 Dozens. Dozens Conn. - 4 N .H .. . 5 111.. . 8 N.J. . . G Ind. . .11 N.Y. . 1 Iow a -17 Ohio. . 9 M e... .16 Pa. . 2 M d... .19 R .I .. .13 Mass. 3 Vt,.. . Mich. .10 W .Va .18 Minn. .15 W is - .14 M o ... .12 $8,000,000 $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $2 „ „ $5 ,, „ . $5 „ $10 » » _ $10 „ a $15 » ,» . $15 „ 200,000 62 925 2,800 12,389 19,868 20,745 41,683 43,310 47,178 48,462 Gloves.................. 49,545 Shawls..................... 58,522 F ancy ja c k e ts ........ 64,830 H oods ..................... N ubias..................... 72,050 105,321 Cardigan ja c k e t s .. 199,889 M ittens.................... 288,111 W oolen half-hose.. 627,234 Mixed half-hose. .. W oolen hose........... 1,216,274 Cotton h o s ie ry ___ 2,491,243 M ixed hose............. | 2,653,099 Shirts and draw ers 2,671,712 : INDEX. Value $1 and under $2 per Capita. scale S k ir ts ....................... S acqu es........- ........ W aists...................... Ulsters ..................... F ancy knit-goods . W risters................... Leggins..................... G aiters..................... S carfs....................... scale: $2,000,000 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 8 2 1 Products. (Dozens), Product Total Product. Rank State. No product reported______ .» $20 »* a . »» 300,000 400,000 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 600,000 $20 and over, per Capita, 700,000 800,000 000,000 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1,500,000 2 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 V A LU E OF PRODUCT, PER CAPIT A, CARPETS, OTHER THAN RAG. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Product per Capita, scale: $1 per Capita. KEY product reported Under $1 per Capita - 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 - Selected Rank State. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Value. M e .... S 1,200 50,000 Md. .. [N.J. .. 179,500 Conn.- 2,500,559 Mass.. 6,337,629 N .Y ... 8,419,254 P a .. . . 14.304.6G0 scale: $2,000,000 $4,000,000 $6,000,000 T $8,000,000 $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $12,000,000 $14,000,000 $16,000,000 Products. R an k ” $5 » »* $10 $10 » » $15 >, $20 $20 and over, per Capita.. (Pounds). Pounds 3 2 W orsted yarn, m ade and sold 1 W oolen yarn, m ade and sold . Selected » $15 » fg p p $2 $5 L,V A Product R an k Total Product. and under $2 per Capita. Dutch carpet Serges ........... V elv et carpet R ag c a r p e t ... W ilton carpet Lasting........... Cottage carpet A xm inster Carpet. Ingrain carpet, 3-ply Venetian carpet Brussels carpet T apestry carpet Ingrain carpet, 2-ply 288,614 1,134,143 1,265,240 Products. (Pieces). Product Number 2 D r u g g e ts ...................................... 1 R u g s ............. ................................ SCALE: 1,000,000 Pounds. 2,000,000 SCALE: 100,000 Pieces. 40,000 47,530 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. P late 1 2 7 3 VC_A_ZSTTT^n A 0 TTJDRIE S __ SLAUGHTERING AND MEAT-PACKING. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Product per Capita. S C A L E : Per Capita. 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 i $1 per Capita. $2 A rk .. $ G a ... T ex .. W .V a V a ... Tenn. Minn. Mich. Del. . Oreg. L a ... M e ... P a ... K y ... Nebr. M d ... W is .. Colo.Kans. Ohio.M o ... Iow a. Conn. ilnd. . iN .Y.. Cal. . Mass. 1 jR .I... 1 N .J. . 1 i n i .... 3 IN D E X . A rk .. .30IMich. .23 Cal. . 5 Minn. .24 Colo. .13 M o. . .10 Conn. . 8 Nebr. .16 Del. . 22 N.J. . 2 Ga. . .29 N .Y .. 6 i n . . . 1 Ohio. .11 Ind. . 7 Oreg. -21 Towa - 9 P a ... .18 Kans -12 R .I . . 3 K y ... .17 Tenn. -25 L a ... .26 T e x .. .28 M e ... -ID V a ... .26 M d ... .15 W .V a .27 Mass. . 4 W is.. .14 KEY No Under $1 per Capita $20 $21 $1 and under $2 per $2 5 t $2 > » 7, $10.7 $10 > » 7 » $157 , $15 „ $31 $5 » $5 .7 $30 7, ,7 $20> 7 $20 and over, per Total Product. Selected Products. • SC A LE: Rank State. 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 ii 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 8 2 1 A rk .. Del. . Oreg. W .V a Ga . . T e x .. Minn. V a ... Colo.M e... Nebr. Tenn. I.a. . Mich. M d ... R .I— KV— Conn. Kans. W is .. Cal. . P a ... Iow a. M o ... Ind. . Ohio.N.J. Mass. N .Y .. n i.... Amount. $ So,680 198,000 264,712 307,500 809,093 486,400 887,532 1,054,500 1,082.690 1,093,687 1,359,397 1.376,476 1,500,000 2,065,634 3,377,605 3,876.740 4,538,888 4,669,540 5,618,714 6,533,926 7,953,914 9,908.545 11,285,032 14,628,630 15,209.204 19.231,297 20,719,640 28,051,782 43,096,138 97,891,517 Rank Product 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 i SCALE: 100,000,000 Pounds 200,000,000 Beef, salted or canned $2,000,000 $4,000,000 $6AX),000 $8,000,000 Pounds 300,000,000 400,000,000 90,763,466 101,371,199 Mutton, sold fresh . . . 106,692,216 501,471,698 506,077,052 759'142^875 Pork, salted ................. 859,045'987 B acon and h a m s........ 1,122,742,816 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 600,000,000 00,000,000 800,000,000 900,000,000 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1,100,000,000 * 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ----- jjjjjjt IN D E X . $12,000,000 A rk .. 30 Mich. 17 Cal. . .10 Minn. 24 Colo. .22 Mo. . 7 Conn. -13 Nebr. 20 Del. . 29 N .J .. 4 G a ... .26 N .Y .. 2 111. . . 1 iOhio. 5 Ind. . 6 Oreg. .28 Iow a. 8 P a ... 9 Kans. -12 R .I— .15 K y ... .14 /Tenn -1!) L a ... .it T e x .. .25 M e ... .21 Y a ... .23 M d ... 16 W .V a .21' Mass. . 3 W is.. .11 $14,000,000 $16,000,000 $18,000,000 * 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 *4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 *5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 *6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 *7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 *8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 I I I I -I HH-i FACTORY-MADE BOOTS AND SHOES. (Based on the Returns o f the T enth Census.) Product per Rank State. 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Miss.Tenn. W .V a Kans. G a ... N .C .. V a ... Iow a. L a .. . Ind. . Oreg. Ida . . K v ... V t. .. Colo.Mich. M o ... i n . .. Minn. Ohio.Utah. W is.. Pa. M d ... Conn. N .Y .. N .J .. Cal. . M e ... N .H .. Mass. INDEX Miss. .31 M o .... 15 N .H ... 2 N .J ... 5 N .Y ... 6 N .C ...26 Ohio. .12 O reg.. 21 $19 $2 0 P a ... - 9 821 T enn .-80 U ta h .A l V t .. - 1 8 Y a — 25 W .Va.29 W is... 10 C a l.. Colo. Conn. G a ... I d a .. 111.. . I n d .. Iow a. Kans. K yL a ... M e ... M d .. Mich M inn Under $1 per $3 0 $1 and under $2 per » »* $ 5 >* > » $10 » $10 » » $15 » $15 » » $20 $5 »* $40 $44 $ 4 5 444-1 Selected Products. Total Product. 31 80 29 88 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 i» 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 i $25 $2 Rank Product Rank State. KEY No product Amount. Ida. . $ 10,500 17,002 W .V a 21,775 Miss.Tenn. 85,826 45,000 Oreg. 55,814 Kans. 89,725 G a .. . 107,600 N .C .. 125,000 Colo.164,090 L a .. . 187,520 V a ... 189,669 Utah. 198,200 243,040 Iow a. 476,845 Ind. . 578,732 Kv. Minn. 930,192 Mich. 1,216,255 (W is.. 1,736,773 M o ... 1,982,993 Conn. 2,211,385 M d ... 2,212,963 Ill— . 3,183,026 C al... 3,649,651 Ohio.- 4,167,476 N.J. . 4,689,286 M e ... 5,823,541 N .H.- 7,230,801 Pa. .. 9,590,002 N . Y . . 18,979,269 Mass. 95,900,610 2 1 SCALE: SC A LE: $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Amount $ 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 W -W -t $ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 B oots a 30,590,896 $ 53,223,265 | Shoes. 94,887,615 112,109,343 §5,000,000 §4,000 Pairs $50 a. Includes ladies’ , misses’, and children's lace boots. ooo -----M E 000,000 §8,000,000 $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $12,000,000 V t ... $14,000 000 $16 000,000 IN D E X . C a l.. . 8Miss. .29 Colo. .23 Mo. . .12 Conn -11 N .H .. . 4 G a ... .25 N .J .. . 6 I d a .. .31 N .Y .. 2 i n . . . 9 N.O.. 24 Ind. . .17 Ohio. . 7 1 ow a -18 Dreg. -27 Kans -26 P a ... . 3 K y ... .16 Tenn -28 D a ... .22 Utah. .20 M e ... 5 Vt, .. .19 M d .. .10 V a ... .21 Mass. . 1 W .Va .30 Mich. 14 W is.. .13 Minn. .15 $18,000,000 $ 2 0 ,0 0 0 OOO $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 9 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C HARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. $ 7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $20 and over, per Capita ... $ 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 9 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Js/L^JSTTT^'^C T U B I E S P late 1 2 8 V A LU E OF PRODUCT, P E R CAPITA, LEATHER, TANNED. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Product per Capita, scale: Per Rank State. I Capita $1 per Capita. _____ Total Product. Rank State. 89 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2. 1 Amount. Ida. _ $ 2,612 D .C .. 4,284 Del. . 7,000 Kans. 7,452 A rk .. 12,300 Wash 27,000 L a .. . 28,470 43,974 Iowa. C tah. 47,267 Colo.55,800 T ex.63,750 Oreg. 65,767 S.C. . 73,597 Miss.106,260 Minn. 111,000 Conn. 146,750 Ala. . 212,545 G a ... 323,807 N .C .. 367,920 M o ... 435,072 K .l... 638,000 V a ... 1,011,830 v t . . . 1,084,503 Ind. . 1,266,653 W .V a 1,451,528 M d... 1,468,591 Term. 1,504,660 Mich. 2,029,653 N .H .. 2,315,616 K y— 2,511,960 Cal. . 3,788,723 W i s .. 4,324,433 Ohio. 4,357,273 111.... 5,402,070 N.J. . 6,748,094 M e... 7,100,967 Mass. 13,556,721 N .Y .- 23,652.366 Pa. - .(27,042,068 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 SCALE! $2,000,000 $4,000,000 Kans. $ .007 .015 A rk .. .024 D .C .. .027 Iow a .030 La. .. .040 T e x .. .047 Del. . .073 S .C ... .080 Ida. . .093 Miss..142 Minn. .169 Ala. . .200 M o ... .209 G a ... .235 Conn. .262 N .C .. .287 Colo..328 Vtah. Wash .359 .376 Oreg. .640 Ind. . .668 V a. .. .975 Tenn. Mich. 1.239 Ohio. 1.362 K y ... 1.523 !M d... 1.570 111.— 1.755 R .I ... 2.307 W .V a 2.347 V t. .. 3.263 W is .. 3.287 Cal... 4.323 N .Y .. 4.653 N.J. . 5.965 iP a ... 6.313 |N.IL. 6.673 Mass. 7.602 _Me— 10.942 KEY No product reported____ Under $1 per Capita-----$1 and under $2 per Capita $20 and over, per Capita.. $6,000,000 Selected Products. $8,000,000 Rank' $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Number Product 2 S kins.................. 19.917,653 1 Sides o f leather. 23,546,342 $18,.000,000. $14,000,000 : INDEX. $16,0005000 $18,000,000 $ .2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $22,000,000 $24,000,000 Ala. . .23 Miss. 26 A rk.. .35 M o .. .20 Cal. . 9 N .H .. -11 Cull}. .30 N .J .. 5 ( 'onn -24 N .Y .. 2 Del. . 37 N.C.. .21 D .C .. .38 Ohio. 7 Ga. . .22 Oreg. 28 Ida. . .39 P a ... 1 i u . . . . 6 K .l.. .19 Ind. . .16 8 .0 . . .27 Iow a -32 Tenn -13 Kans -36 T e x .. .29 K y ... .10 Utah. 31 L a ... .33 V t . .. .17 M e ... . 4 V a ... .18 M d .. .14 Wash -34 Mass. . 3 W.Va .15 Mich. .12 W is.. 8 Minn -25 LEATHER, CURRIED. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Product per Capita. Per R ink State. Total Product. Rank State. 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 31 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 33 11 10 « 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 D .C .. Kans. Ida. . A rk .. L a ... SCALE: $2,000,000 Capita. 3.) Kans 38 D . C . . 37 A rk .. 36 La. .. 35 ilow a 34 T e x .. 33 S.C. . 32 Miss.. 31 Ala. . 30 Ida. . 29 Conn. 28 N .C .. 27 V a ... 26 M o ... 25 Minn. 24 G a .. 23 Tenn. 22 Wash 21 Utah. 20 K y ... 19 Del. . 18 Colo. 17 Oreg. 16 Md. 15 Mich. 14 Ind. . 13 111..,. 12 R .I... 11 W .V a 10 Ohio. 9 N .Y .. 8 v t .. . 7 Pa. .. 6 Cal. . 5 W is.. 4 M e... 3 N.IL. 2 |N.J. . 1 [Mass.' SCALE: $1 per Capita. $ .001 .004 .009 .021 .037 .039 .043 .090 .103 .121 .139 .140 .154 .155 .181 .192 .354 .392 .410 .417 .459 .465 .512 .543 .609 .739 .776 .821 1.173 1.215 1.218 1.596 1.833 2.315 3.418 4.025 6.229 7.715 13.057 $8 I $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9 $10 $11 $12 $13 $14 A la. . .31 Miss. .32 A rk .. .37 Mo. . .26 Cal. . . 6 N.IL 3 Colo. .18 N .J .. 2 Conn -29 N .Y .. . 9 D e l .. .19 N .C .. .28 I). C. _.38 Ohio. .10 G a ... .24 Oreg. .17 I d a .. .30 P a ... - 7 in . . . .13 R.I. . 12 Ind. . .14 S.C. . .33 Iow a -35 Tenn. -23 Kans -39 T e x .. .34 K y— .20 Utah. .21 L a .. . .36 V t. . . 8 M e ... 4 V a .. .27 Md. . .16 Wash -22 Mass. 1 W .Va .11 Mich. .15 W is.. 5 Minn. -25 $20 and over, per Capita------ $4,000,000 5,000,000 W a sh S.C. . U ta h . Iow a. T e x .. Del. . Conn. Oreg. Colo.Miss.Ala. . Minn. N.C. R .I ... V a ... G a ... M o ... Md. . V t. Tenn. W .V a Mich. Ind. . Cal. . N .H .. Hi___ M e... Ohio.W is .. N.Y._ P a ... N .J .. Mass. Selected Products. 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Rank Product Num ber 2 10,655,606 1 Sides o f leather. 12,464.299 -«IN D E X . A la .. .24 [Miss. .25 A rk .. .36 M o ... .18 Cal. . .10 N.IL 9 Colo. .26 N .J .. 2 Conn -28 N .Y .. 4 D e l.. .29 N .C .. 22 $18,000,000 D .C .. .39 Ohio. 6 G a ... .19 Oreg. .27 Ida. „ .37 P a ... 3 $ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 111.- . . 8 R .I. . 21 Ind. . .11 S.C. . .33 I (iwa -31 Tenn .15 $22,000,000 Kans -38 T e x .. 30 K y - .14 Utah. 32 L a .. . .35 Vt,... .16 20 $24,000,000 M e ... 7 Va. Md. . .17 Wash 34 Mass. 1 W .V a -13 Mich. .12 W is.. 5 Minn. -23 $16,000,000 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C HARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. 1 ^ c^ n srT J ^ ^ G T T J P ^ E S P late 1 2 9 LUMBER, SAWED. Rank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 88 37 36 35 & 4 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 2 *1 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 18 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 scale: Total Product. $2,000,000 Rank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 8 2 i Wyo. . D .C ... N.M ex A riz. . R .I— N e v ... N ebr.. Ida. . . U tah.. Del. .. D ak. .. Mont.. Kans.. Colo. . Conn.N .J ... Wash.La. . . . A rk ... Md. .. Miss. . O reg.. s . c . .. W .V a. Ala. .. N .C ... Fla. .. M ass.. V t ... . V a .... T e x ... Tenn.. N .H ... K y .... C a l.. . G a .. . . IU.. . . M o .. . Iow a.Minn.. M e .... O h io .. Ind. .. N .Y ... W is ... Pa. . . . M ich.. Value. 40,990 50,000 173,930 215,918 240,579 243,200 265,062 349,635 375,164 411,060 435.792 527,695 682,697 1,051,295 1,076,455 1,627,640 1,734,742 1,764,640 1,793,848 1,813,332 1,920,335 2,030,463 2,031,507 2,431,857 2,649,634 2,672,796 3,060,291 3,120,184 3,258,816 3,434,163 3,673,449 3,744,905 3,842,012 4,064,361 4,428,950 4,875,310 5,063,037 5,265,617 6,185,628 7,366,038 7,933,868 13,864,460 14,260,830 14,.356,910 17,952.347 22,457,359 52,449,928 Product per Capita, scale: $1 per Capita. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) $ Per Capita. $2 $3 D .O ... $ .281 N ebr.. .585 Kans.. .685 .869 R .I— N.J. .. 1.438 N .M ex 1.454 111____ 1.644 Miss. . 1.697 Conn.. 1.728 Mass.. 1.749 la . ... 1.877 N .C ... 1.909 Md. .. 1.939 W yo. . 1.971 S.C. .. 2.040 Ala. .. 2.098 A r k ... 2.235 2.270 V a— . T e x ... 2.307 Tenn.- 2.428 M o .... 3.428 2.465 2.605 Del. . . 2.803 N .Y ... 2.824 G a .. . . 3.161 D a k ... 3.223 Io w a .3.807 3.905 N e v ... W .V a . 3.932 4.335 O h io .. 5.121 C a l.. . Pa. . . . 5.243 5.339 Arks. . 5.409 C o lo .. 7.208 Ind. .. Minn.. 9.434 V t ___ 9.807 10.721 Ida. .. N .II... 11072 Fla. .. 11.355 O reg.. 11.618 M e .... 12.225 Mont.. 13.475 W is ... 13.646 Wash.- 23.094 M ich.. 32.041 $4 SIO INDEX. Ala. .32 Mo. . .27 A riz. .14 Mont. . 4 A rk .. .31 N eb r -46 C a l.. .16 N e v .. .19 Colo. .13 N.H.. . 8 Conn .39 N.J. . .43 D a k._.21 N .M ex 42 Del. .24 N .Y .. .23 D .C .. .47 N .C .. .36 Fla. . . 7 Ohio. .17 G a ... .22 Oreg. . 6 Ida. . . 9 Pa. .15 111. . . .41 R .I . . .44 Ind. . .12 s .c . ..33 Iow a -20 Tenn .28 Kans. .45 T e x .. .29 K y ... .26 Utah. .25 L a ... .37 V t . .. .10 M e ... . 5 Va. .30 Md. . .35 Wash 2 Mass .88 W .Va .18 Mich. . 1 Wis.. 3 Minn -11 Wyo. .34 Miss. .40 f e Under $1 per $1 and under $2 per Capita $2 „ „ $5 „ $5 „ „ $10 „ $20 $10 „ $2 5 „ $15 „ $15 » ,, $20 „ * $20 and over, per Capita.— $30 -"M .IN D E X , $4,000,000 Ala. . .23 Mo. .10 A riz. .44 Mont. .36 A rk .. .29 Nebr. -41 C a l.. .13 N ev.. .42 Colo. .34 N.H.. .15 Conn -33 N .J .. .32 D ak.. .37 N.M ex 45 Del. . .38 N .Y .. 4 D .C .. .46 N .C .. .22 Fla. . .21 Ohio. . 6 Ga .. .12 Oreg. .26 Ida. . .40 Pa.. . . 2 111. . . .11 R .I... .43 Ind. . . 5 S.C. . .25 Iow a - 9 Tenn. .16 Kans -35 T ex .. 17 K y— .14 Utah. .39 L a ... .30 V t . .. .19 M e... . 7 V a ... .18 M d ... .28 Wash -31 Mass. -20 W .Va .24 Mich. . 1 Wis. . 3 Minn. . 8 Wyo. .47 Miss. .27 Selected Rank 4 3 2 1 SCALE: Products. (Pieces). Product j 1,000,000,000 Pieces 2,000,000,000 3,000,000,000 4,000,000,000 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 | 6,000,000,000 Number Sets o f headings................... — -i 146,523,000 Staves..................................... . . . . 1,248,226,000 Laths...................................... . . . . 1,761,788.000 S hingles................................. — -i 5,555,046,000 SC A LE: Selected Rauk Products. (Feet). Product 1,000,000,000 Feet Feet 1 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 Spool and bobbin stook . . . - - I 34,076,000 1 L u m b e r................................. ....118,091,356,000 $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 I L p I AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Product per Capita. Rank State. 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 scale: L a .. . . $ .002 S .C .. . .017 .022 Ala. .. A rk ... .029 .054 R .I .. . Miss. . .060 Kans.. .073 .090 T e x ... .097 W .V a. Utah. . .118 Tenn.. .118 N .C ... .127 O reg .. .139 N ebr.. .170 N .J ... .214 G a .. .. .390 Del. .. .394 V a .... .398 Mo. . . .526 N .H ... .613 M d .. . .614 Cal. .. .678 Iow a ..782 l>a,. .. .860 Mass.. .936 K y .... .999 M e .... 1.019 Conn.1.155 M ich.. 1.895 N. Y ... 2.106 v t .... 2.162 Ind. .. 2.254 W is ... 2.844 2 m ____ SELEC T ED PRODU CTS. $1 per Capita. Per Capita. Miscellaneous. Rank 1 1 s 1 1 ■ 1 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ EC INDEX. $3 A la. . .34 M o .. .18 A r k .. .33 Nebr. .23 C a l.. .15 N.H .. 17 Conn. . 9 N.J. . .22 Del. . .20 N .Y .. 7 G a ... .21 N .C .. .25 i n . . . 2 Ohio. 1 Ind. . 5 Oreg. .24 Iowa. -14 P a ... 13 Kans. .80 R .I... .32 K y— .11 s . c . . .35 I,a.. . .36 Tenn. -26 M e... .10 T e x .. .29 M d ... .16 Utah, 27 Mass. .12 Vt. .. 6 Mich. . 8 V a ... .19 Minn. . 3 W .V a 28 Miss. .31 W is .. 4 ■ ■ EB S3 2232 m 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 go 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 L a .. . . R.I. . . U tah.. s . c . .. A rk ... O reg.. A la .. . Del. .. W .V a. Miss. . Kans.. N eb r.. T e x ... N .C ... Tenn.. N .H ... N .J .. . Md— . C a l.. . G a .. . V a . ... M e .... V t ... . Conn.M o .... Iow a .K y— . M ass.. Minn.. M ich.. P a .... W is ... Ind. .. N .Y ... IU____ O h io .. Value. Hay-presses.......... ....................... S yrup-evaporators— ................ Feed steam ers and boilers— S ton e-ga th erers......................... Cider and v in e -m ills ................. H orse-pow ers.............................. Ilay and straw -cutters......... Number 93 703 791 1,460 1,482 2,356 9^068 10,202 11,161 33,883 scale: 100,000 Implements. KEY No product reportet 200,000 Under $1 per Capita Seed Separators. $1 and under 82 per Capita Rank Product Number 6 5 4 3 2 1 1,412 9,103 10,424 44,370 45.412 59,157 > 8io ■BB BI $10 . $15 $20 Seed Planters. $20 and over, per $ Rank 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 scale: Product T ra n sp lan ters............................. Fertilizer distributors............... G rain -sow ers.............................. C otton-planters........................... Seed-sow ers................................. Grain-drills................................... Number 4,245 8,155 15,563 19,288 20,289 43,222 68,691 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ■■■■■ $2,000,000 2,000 15,068 16,991 17,475 23,860 24,450 29,014 57,776 60,340 68,640 73,477 77,032 143,700 178,449 182,116 212,850 242,984 574,672 586,338 601,935 602,959 661,445 718,455 719,627 1,141,822 1,271,872 ma 1,647,116 1,670,242 2,340,288 3,102,638 3,686,212 3,742,069 4,460,408 10,707,766 13,498,5^6 15,479.826 600,000 700,000 Harvesting Implements. $ 800,000 $4,000,000 Fruit-gatherers...................... . 816 H ay-tedders............................. 2,334 H ay-loaders............................ . 8,957 H arvesters.............................. . 25,737 P otato-diggers....................... . 33,453 R eapers..................................... 35,327 Law n-m ow ers......................... 47,661 Reapers and m ow ers com bined 54,920 M o w e rs .................................... <2,090 S ic k le s ...................................... 95.618 H orse-rakes............................. 95,625 Grain-cradles.......................... . 167,492 Hay-forks, (d o z .).................... 206,727 Hand-rakes, (d o z .)............... . 308,732 Scythe-snaths......................... . 437,178 S c y th e s ................................... . 1,244,264 DEX. Ala. . .30 M o ... .12 A rk .. .32 Nebr. .25 C a l.. .18 N .H .. .21 Conn. .13 N.J.. .20 Del. . .29 N .Y .. 3 G a ... .17iN .C.. .23 111. . . 2 Ohio. . 1 Ind. . . 4 Oreg. .31 Iow a. -11 P a ... . 6 Kans. .26 R .I ... .35 K y ... .10 s . c . . .33 La— .36 Tenn. .22 M e ... .15 T e x .. .24 M d .. .19 Utah. .34 Mass. . 9 V t.. .14 Mich. . 7 V a ... .16 Minn. . 8 W . Va.28 Miss. .27 W is .. . 5 Implements of Cultivation, Rank Product Number 138 8 7 684 3,002 6 5 127,997 4 212,147 299,338 8 2 C ultivators................................... 318,057 1 P lo w s............................................ 1,326,123 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C HARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. / $5 . 300,000 400,000 1 Rank Slate. Product » £4 4.385 Total Product. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1,100,000 1,200,000 1,300,000 3 V C -A -D ^ r X J D B n_ A . O T U B E P late 1 3 0 S V A L U E OF PRODUCT, PER CAPIT A, SHIPBUILDING. jtg&h (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Product per Capita, Rank State. 37 36 35 34 3) 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 2% 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Total Product. 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Value. State. Tenn.- $ 5,000 Miss. . 5,500 N ebr.. 9,000 Minn.. 15,000 G a - .. 17,000 Vt. ... 17,800 Kans.. 26,000 A rk ... 28,000 N .I I -. 30,070 N .C ... 57,219 Ala. .. 60,000 T e x ... 77,780 Fla. .. 85,050 Iow a .112,000 S.C. .. 144,000 V a . ... 181,024 Wash.184,500 O reg.. 206,500 1 W .V a. 231,130 1 K y .... 249,015 1 L a .. . . 343,525 1 R .I— 517,041 B M o .... 565,187 ■ W is ... 576,305 Conn.767,660 In d . .. 810,655 in ..... 892.093 N.J. .. 1,384,629 O h io.. 1,552,210 M d .... 1,788,630 C a l.. . 1,797,639 M ich.. 2,034,636 D e l ... 2,162,503 M ass.. 2,281.666 M e .... 2,909,846 P a .. . . 6,689,470 scale Tenn.- $ Miss. . G a -.. Nebr.. Minn.. Kans.A r k ... N .C ... A la ... T e x ... Vt. . . . Iow a.N .II... V a . ... ,S.C. . . K y .... M o .... Ill____ Fla. .. L a .. . . W .V a. Ind. .. W is... Ohio. . O reg .. N.J. .. Conn. M ich .. M ass.. P a .. . . N .Y ... R .I___ M d .. . Cal. .. Wash.- 1880. _*<*• : s per Capita. Per Capita. .003 .004 .011 .019 .019 .026 .034 .040 .047 .048 .053 .068 .086 .119 .144 .151 .266 .289 .315 .365 .373 .409 .438 .485 1.181 1.224 1.232 1.242 1.279 1.561 1.570 1.869 1.913 2.078 2.456 S3 $4 1 1 9 i 3 9 a $ b ■ u io IOWA. NEBR. IN D E X . OHIO. , W •\ i rr» Ala. . .29 M o ... .21 A r k - .31 N ebr .34 C a l.. . 4 N .II.. .25 Conn -11 N.J. .12 D e l- . 1 N .Y - . 7 Fla. . .19 N.C— .30 G a ... .35 Ohio. .14 111.. . .20 Oreg. -13 Ind. . .16 P a ... . 8 Iowa -26 1U. . . 6 Kans -32 S.C. . .23 K y - .22 T en n -37 L a .- .18 T e x .. .28 M e... 2 V t. .. .27 M d .. 5 V a ... .24 Mass. 9 Wash - 3 Midi. .10 W .V a .17 Minn. .33 W is - 15 Miss. .36 KANS. k Y. > > h'I No product ri Under $1 per $1 and under 815 „ „ $20 820 and over, per Capita.... 14.750 1 DeL - Rank by States, r / 3 £ : sca le 12,000,000 IN D E X, $4,000,000 A la. . -27 M o ... .15 A r k - .30 Nebr. .35 7 N.II.. .29 C a l( ’oim. -13 N.J. . .10 Del. . 5 N .Y .. 1 Fla. . .25 N.C. . .28 G a ... .33 Ohio. 9 111.. . .11 Oreg. -20 Ind. . .12 Pa. . 2 Iow a. -24 R.T.. .16 Kans -31 S.C. . .23 K y - .18 Tenn. -37 L a ... -17 T e x .. .26 M e ... 3 Vt. -- .32 Md. . 8 Va. 22 Mass. . 4 Wash -21 Mich. . 6 W . Va .19 Minn. .84 W is.. .14 Miss. .36 5 o,uuu $ $8,000,000 scale Selected Products. : $2,000,000 Rank Value Product $ 4 ,Canal b o a t s ......................................... 2 Repairing v e s s e ls ............................. 1 N ew vessels........................................ $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 876,999 2,329,345 6,394,838 16,697^614 19,225,714 $ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 SCALE Localities. RankJ Locality $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Value $ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 4,450,587 2 N orthern lakes................................... 4,870,645 1 | Ocean, coast and riv e r.................... 25,149,750 CHEMICALS. Product per Capita, (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Rank State. 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 : $1 per Capita. Per Capita. Fla. .. $ T e x .. . Wash.Tenn.Ind. .. O reg .. Iow a .Kans.. N .C ... M ieh.. G a .. .. Utah. . Minn.. v t .... N .II... W .V a. L a .. . . V is ... K y .... Colo.-V a . ... N ebr.. M e .... D .C ... Ohio. . Ill....... M o .... S.C. .. Cal. .. Conn.. N e v ... P a - .. [N .Y ... Mass.. R .I— Md. .. Del. .. N.J. .. scale .004 .023 .074 .078 .079 .136 .177 .186 .214 .221 .229 .266 .282 .305 .313 .338 .350 .396 .440 .488 .665 .855 .868 1.815 2.400 2.495 2.687 2.705 3.677 INDEX, Cal. . .10 Nebr. .17 Colo. .19 N ev.. . 8 Coilll. 9 N.H.. .24 Del. . 2 N.J. . . 1 D .C .. .15 N .Y - . 6 Fla. . .38 N.C.. .30 G a ... 28 Ohio. .14 in .... .13 Ores. .33 I n d .. .34 I’ a . .. - 7 Iow a -32 K .l... . 4 Kans -31 S.C. - .11 K y ... .20 Tenn -35 L a ... .22 T e x .. .37 M e... .16 Utah. .27 Md. . . a Vt.. .25 Mass. . 5 V a ... .18 Mich. .29 Wash -36 Minn. .26 W. Va .23 M o ... .12 V is . .21 KEY No product reported Under SI per Capita $1 and under $2 per Capita S10 B IO 4.553 S15 $20 and ovcjr, per 8.398 Selected Products. Total Product. Rank State. 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 V 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Fla. .. Wash.O reg .. T e x ... Utah. . C o lo .. Vt. . . . N .II... T ennInd. .. Kans.. W .Va. Minn.. N e v ... Iow a .. N .C ... D .C ... La. . . . G a .. . . M ich.. N ebr.. W is ... M e .... K y ... . V a .... Del. .. R .I___ Conn.. S.C. .. Cal. .. M o .... Md. . . Ohio. . in ____ N.J. .. Mass.. P a ... . N .Y ... Value. $ 1.120 5,600 24.000 37,675 38,360 95,000 101,496 108,911 121,520 156,470 186,233 209,310 220,540 283,532 287,743 300,000 322,439 329,659 353,500 363,104 387,000 521.388 563,517 726,255 1,007,166 1,140,086 1,968,041 2,419,743 2,693,053 3,179,700 5,827,498 7,243,122 7,678,374 7,681,325 9,499,577 10.604.662 20,884,991 29,805,614 scale : Product $2,000,000 $1,000,000 $6,000,000 IN D E X. $8,000,000 Cal.. 9 Nebr. .18 Colo. .33 Nev. .25 Conn. .11 N.H.. .31 Del. . .13 N .J .. 4 D .C .. .22 N .Y .. 1 F’l a .. .38 N .C .. .23 G a ... .20, Ohio. 6 III. . . 51 Oreg. .36 Ind. . .29 Pa. . . 2 Iow a -24 R .I ... .12 Kans -28 S.C. . 10 Ky— .15, Tenn. .30 La. .. .21 T e x - 35 M e ... .16 Utah. .34 M d .. 7 V t. . . .32 Mass. 3 V a ... .14 Mich. .19 Wash -37 Minn. .26 W .V a 27 M o ... . 8i\Vis.. .17 $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $12,000,000 $14,000,000 $16,000,000 $18,000,000 $ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $22,000,000 SCALE: Pounds 1,200,000 S u lp h u r........................................... 50,292 P h osp h oru s................................... 344,114 A n th ra ce n e................................... 80,518 Aniline co lo rs ................................ 404,690 B ro m in e ......................................... 6,593,009 A cetate o f lim e............................ 4,571,671 Potash and p ea rlash ................... 3,692,443 B o r a x .............................................. S oft soaps....................................... 34,494,100 Ground b a r y t e s .......................... 38,330,000 16,575,088 Sulphate o f a m m onia-- . ........... Lead salts, oth er than w h ite— 11,375,466 Z in c o x i d e ..................................... 20,121,761 Castor oil (ga llon s)...................... 893,802 39,217,725 A lu m ................................................ S o d a .....................*......................... 40,259,938 7,117,825 G ly ce rin e ....................................... 33,058,411 Oleic acid s o a p .............................. N itro-glycerine.............................. 3,039,722 Stearic acid c a n d le s ................... 18,363,066 308,765,432 Sulphuric a cid ............................... Dry co lo rs ....................................... 67,482,415 G lucose............................................ 151,740,400 W hite lead ..................................... 123,477,890 Hard soaps, other than oleic acid 378,743,627 M anufactured m anures............. 1,454,906,000 $24,000,000 $26,000,000 $28,000,000 $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. Value £ 21,000 29,271 99,242 107,292 114,752 156,892 232,643 277,233 358,280 371,829 618,485 758,680 766,337 790,741 808,165 866,560 961,477 1,707,969 1,830,417 2,281,600 3,661,876 4,086,821 4,551,212 8,770,699 18,299,350 19,921,400 $2,000,000 $4,000,000 $6,000,000 $8,000,000 S I 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $12,000,000 $14,000,000 $16,000,000 $18,000,000 $ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 P late 1 3 1 ZM CJ^UNT U P A C T H E E S V A LU E OF PRODUCT, PER CAPITA, PAPER, ALL CLASSES. — bv States. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Product per Capita. ^ Total Product. Rank State. 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Amount. IN D E X . Cal. . Colo. Conn, Bel. . D .C .. G a .. . 111.. . Ind. Iow a. Kans. K y ... M e ... M inn..22 Nebr..29 N .H ... 8 N .J .. . 7 N .Y ... 2 N .C ...23 Ohio. . 4 Oreg..25 P a ... . 3 Tenn.-27 Utah.. 28 V t.. ..11 S C A L E : M d.. Y a ___18 W .Va.20 $2,000,000 Mass. Mich. 12| W is. ..10 Kans.. $ 3,050 N ebr.. 5,000 Utah.12,000 Tenn.. 17,975 Colo. . 27,300 O reg.. 43,100 D .C ... 70,400 N .C .. . 145,000 Minn.. 183,900 Iow a .. 193.075 211,000 W .V a . G a .. . . 221,572 261,000 Va— . C a l.... 386,197 619,422 K y .... 737,905 Del. .. M d .... 1,028,591 Ind. . . 1,112,660 [Mich.. 1,204,664 V t. . . . 1,237,484 Wis. 1,277,736 111....... 1,679,692 N .H ... 1,731,170 N.J. . . 2,015,569 M e .... 2,170,321 Conn.. 4,337,550 Ohio.-. 5,108,194 Pa. . . . 5,-355,912 N .Y ... 8,524,279 Mass.. 15,188,196 scale Capita. Kans.- $0 .003 N ebr..011 Tenn..011 U tah.. .083 i N .C ... .103 1 Iow a..118 1 C o lo ..140 1 G a .... .143 1 V a . ... .172 1 Minn..235 ■ Oreg.. .246 .341 [W.Va. K y .... .375 .396 D .C ... .446 Cal. . . .545 i n . . .. I n d ... .5G2 M ich.. .735 W is... .971 Md. . . u oo 1.250 P a .;.. 1.597 N .Y ... 1.677 N .J .. . 1.781 3.344 M e.— 3.724 V t ... . 4.989 N .H ... Del. .. 5.033 6.965 Conn.8,517 Mass.. 30 29 28 27 26 25 84 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 : $ 1 per Capita. Per Rank State. $2 No product reported_____ $3 Under $1 per Capita______ $4 $1 and Under $2 per Capita. * IN D E X , $5 $2 ft? $ per Capita.... $9 $4,000,000 $6,000,000 $8,000,000 sc a le: 20,000,000 Pounds. Selected Products. $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $12,000,000 $14,000,000 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 9 Bank-note paper 296,000 8 Tissue paper....... 8,125,957 ~ Colored p a p e r... 14,756,268 W all paper......... 29.474.000 Binders’ b o a r d .. 40.028.000 W riting p a p e r ... 65.874.000 A ll other p a p er.. 178,719,831 W rapping paper. 268.588.000 Printing paper .. 298.354.000 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 30 0,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $16,000,000 V A L U E OF PRODUCT, PER CAPITA, BRICK AND TILE. h\/ (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) 3roduct per Capita, Rank State. IN D E X . Total Product. 1 ^ 1 Rank 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State, j Amount. iN . Mex Wash.Ida. . . N e v ... Wyo. . A riz. . FJa. .. Mont.D a k... R .I— S.C. .. V t ___ Utah.. O reg.. A rk ... Del. .. L a .. . . N .C ... Ala. .. Miss. . W .V a. N .H ... Conn.. M e .... D .C ... N ebr.. Kans.. V a .— Ga . . . T e x ... Minn.. K y .... Cal. .. Tenn.. C o lo .. W is ... M ich.. M d .... Iow a .. Mass.. !M o ,... N .J ... Ind. .. Ill....... O h io .. N .Y Pa. i l l SCALE: $: ,000,1 $ 1,500 6,000 6,990 8,355 8,500 9,600 28,100 43,150 66,685 75,000 80,819 83,650 85,392 104,240 117,370 125,610 133,265 150,874 159,952 194,870 218,710 282,725 299,194 310,958 314,298 349,478 355,668 398,789 409,025 448,418 502,975 506,705 516,261 523,113 605,028 607,609 822,475 ■ 933,988 • ■ 944,497 ■ 1,322,628 ■ 1,602,522 H i 1,672,533 ___ i 1,927,858 ■ 3,065,302 3;48L291 4^813,153 _ A la .. .29 Mo. - 7 A m . .42 Mont. .40 A rk .. .33 Nebr. .22 C a l.. .15 N ev.. .44 Colo. .13 N.H.. .26 Conn -25 N .J .. 6 D a k.. .39 N.M ex 47 Del. . .32 N .Y .. . 2 D .C .. .23 N.C. 30 Fla. . .41 Ohio. 3 G a ... .19 Or eg. -34 Ida. . .45 Pa. 1 111.... . 4 R .I... .38 Ind. . . 5 S.C. .37 Iow a - 9 Tenn. -14 Kans -21 T e x .. .18 K y— .16 Utah. 35 L a ... .31 Vt, M e... Va. 20 M d .. .10 Wash -46 Mass. . 8 W.Va -27 Mich. -11 Wis. 12 Minn. .17 Wyo.. .43 Miss. .28 $4,000,000 & 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 88 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 ■9 . 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 scale Per Capita. $6,000,000 V " N.M ex $0 .012 .079 Wash..081 S.C. .. .101 Fla. .. .107 N .C ... .126 Ala. .. .134 N ev-.. .141 L a .. . . .146 A rk ... .172 Miss. . .214 Ida. . . .237 A riz. . .251 V t .... .263 V a .... .265 G a .... .271 R .I .. . .281 T e x ... .307 K y .... .339 Tenn..353 W .V a. .357 Kans..408 Wyo. . .461 W is ...479 M e .... .480 Conn..493 D a k ... .502 M ich.. .581 Iowa..593 Utah.. .596 Oreg.. .597 Cal. .. .644 Minn.. .739 M o .... .741 Mass.. .772 N ebr.. .808 N .Y ... .814 N .H ... .&56 Del. .. .974 Ind. .. .995 in ____ .998 M d .... 1.088 Ohio.-1.101 Mont.. 1.123 Pa. . . . 1.478 N.J. .. 1.7G9 D .C ... 3.113 Colo. . IN D E X . Ala. .42 M o.. .15 A/iz. .36 Mont. . 5 A rk.. .39 Nebr. .13 C al.. .17 N ev.. A1 Colo. . 1 N .H ., .11 Conn .23 N .J .. . 3 Date.- .22 N.Mex. 41 Del. . .10 N .Y .. .12 D C .. . 2 N.C.. .43 Fla. . .44 Ohio. . 6 Ga. . .33 Oreg. -18 hla. . .37 P a .. . . 4 111. . . . 8 R . I . . .32 Ind. . . 9 S.C. . .45 Iow a -20 Tenn -29 Kans -37 T e x .. .31 K y ... .30 Utah. .19 L a ... .40 V t... .35 M e... V a .. . .34 M d... 7 Wash -46 Mass. .14 W .V a -28 Mich. .21 W is.. 25 Minn. .16 Wyo. .26 Miss. .38 Selected Products. Rank : $1 per Capita. Product sca le Amount $20 and over, per Capita__ : $2,000,000 $4,000,000 2 Drain pipe; $1,765,428 -1 T ile............. 2,944,239 Selected Products. Rank Product Number sc a le : 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 163.184.000 3 2 Pressed b rick.. 210,815,000 1 Com m on brick- 3.822,362,000 ™ T COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C HARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. 3 VE_A_lSrTJIF,-A_C T U R E S P late 1 3 2 FACTORY CHEESE AND BUTTER. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Product per Capita. Rank State. SC IN D E X . Total Product. Rank State. Amount. 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 250 N .C .. . $ N ev. . 1,587 Tenn.. 1,980 Dak. .. 2,260 6,395 A riz. . Del. .. 7,710 M o n t. 7,900 C o lo .. 9,225 W .Y a. 10,238 10,621 V a .— Ida. .. 13,239 K v .... 14,178 Wash. 18,820 Utah.. 21.928 N.H. . 27,887 Oreg. 43,216 44,920 O .O ... N ebr.. 46,322 Minn.. 62,094 Kans.. 72,783 M e .... 75,592 M d .... 87,956 M o .... 96,128 N.J. .. 123,063 Conn.. 134,440 Mass.. 194,110 Ind. .. 225.049 M ich.. 311,877 v t . ... 393,122 Cal. .. 590,434 P a .. . . 915,468 W is... 1.501,087 Iow a .. 1,736,400 O h io .. 2,756,793 in....... 8.876.085 1 N .Y ... 12,295,353 A r i z . . 32 M o .. .14 Cal. . 7 M ont..30 Colo. 29 Nebr.-19 Conn. •12 N e v ...35 Dak-. 33 N .H .. .22 D e l ... 31 |N.J. ..13 D .C .. 20IN .Y... 1 Ida . .. 26|N.C. ..36 I I I . . . . 2 O h io.. 3 I n d ... 10 Oreg. .21 Iowa. ■ 4 P a .. . 6 Kans. •17lTenn.-34 K y ... 25 Utah. .23 s c a l e : M e ... 10 Yt. . . . 8 $2,000,000 M d .. 15 Y a -----27 Mass. 11 Wash.-2A Mich.. 9 W .Ya.28 Minn. 18W is. . . 5 36 35 84 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Per Capita. SCALE:. $1 per Capita. N .C ... $ .0001 T enn .. .001 V a . ... .007 K y .. . . .008 D a k ... .016 W .Y a. .016 N e v ... .025 M o .... .044 C olo. . .047 D el. .. .052 K ans.. .013 Minn.. .079 N .II... .080 M d .. .094 N eb r.. .102 N .J ... .108 Mass.. .108 Ind. .. .113 M e .... .116 Utah.. .152 A riz. . .158 M ich.. .194 M ont.. .201 P a .. . . .213 ,Conn..217 O reg.. .247 Wash..250 D .C ... .253 Ida. .. .405 Cal. .. .682 .862 O h io .. Iow a .- 1.068 W is ... 1.141 V t . . . . 1.183 Ill____ 1.259 N .Y ... 2.418 * IN D E X . K EY A riz. .16; M o ... .29 Cal. . . 7 Mont. .14 Colo. .28 Nebr. .22 C'oim. .12 N ev.. .30 D a k. . .32 N .H .. .24 Del.. .271N.J. . .21 D C . . . 9jN .Y.. . 1 Ida. . . 8|N.e.. .36 111. . . . 2 Ohio. . 6 Ind. . .19! Oreg. .11 Iow a. - 5 Pa. .. .13 Kans. .26 Tenn. .35 K y ... .MjUta/i. .17 M e ... .18 Y t ... 3 Md. . .23 Y a ... 34 Mass. .20 Wash -10 Mich. .15 W .Y a .31 Minn. .25 W is.. 4 $.2 TTo product reported ______ | Under $1 per Capita----$1 and under $2 per Capita.. $20 and over, per Capita___I S3 $4,000,000 Selected Products. $6,000,000 Rank $8,000,000 $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Product Pounds SCALE: 20,000,000 Pounds 40,000,000 Butter in com bihed butter and cheese fa ctories 12,950,621 13,033,267 16,471,163 29,421,784 Cheese in com bined butter and cheese factories 44,134,866 Cheese in cheese fa cto rie s ....................................... 171,750,495 T otal ch e e s e ................................................................ 215,885,361 oooooooo 80,000,000 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 0 120,000,000 140,000,000 160,000,000 1 8 0 ^ 0 0 0 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 \ i 220.000,000 $12,000,000 $14,000,000 V A L U E OF PRODUCT, P E R CAPITA, GLASS, ALL CLASSES. I ,, 1 V. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) KEY No product rep orted ___ __ Product per Capita. scale Rank! State. 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Per Capita. : Vnder $1 per Capita______ $1 per Capita. Iow a .. $0 .002 M ich .. .054 C a l.. . .161 N .H ... .201 I v y .... .235 Conn.. .256 111....... .292 Ind. .. .399 M o .... .424 N .Y ... .476 M a ss.. .479 O h io .. .484 M d .... .627 |W.Va. 1.210 P a .... 2.036 IN.J. .. 2.484 $1 and under $2 per Capita. $3 '. IN D E X . $3 C a l. . .13 Mich. 14 Conn. .12 M o .... 5 i n . . . . . 6 N .H ... 15 Ind. . . 8 N . J . . . 2 Iowa. .16 N .Y ... 3 K y— .11 Ohio. . 4 M d ... .10 P a ... . 1 Mass. 7 W. Va. 9 J*— « 8? IN D E X . Total Product. SCA LE: Rank. State. 16 Iow a .. 15 N .II... 14 M ich.. 13 C a l.. . 12 Conn.. l i * K y .... 10* M d .... 9 W .Ya. 8 Ind. .. 7 M ass.. 6 in ____ 5 M o .... 4 Ohio. . 3 N .Y ... 2 N.J. .. 1 Pa. . . . Amount. 3,500 70,000 90,000 140,000 160,000 388,405 587,000 748,500 790,781 854,345 901,343 919,827 1,549,320 2,420,796 2,810,170 8,120,584 $2,000,000 C a l.. .14 M ich.. 15 <'onn .11 Mo. . 8 111.... .10 N .H ... 13 Ind. . . 9 N.J. .. 1 Iow a -16 N .Y ... 7 K y ... .12 Ohio. 5 M d ... . 4 P a .. . . 2 Mass. . 6 W .Ya. 3 $ Selected Products. Rank 4 3 2 1 Product Amount P late glass, a.. $ 868,305 W ind ow glass. 5,047,313 Green glass___ 5,670,433 Glassware. — 9,568,520 SCALE: $2,000,000 $4,000,000 $6,000,000 $8,000,000 $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $4,000,000 $6,000,000 $8,000,000 S IO .0 0 0 ,0 0 0 a “ This does not include the value o f cast plate in process o f m anufacture, nor o f rough plate broken up and used as cullet, but includes on ly the value o f polished plate and that part o f the rough plate that was sold.’’ COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C H A RLE S SCRIBNER’S SONS. $20 and over, per C a pita.. : P late M ^ lN r T T I lP ^ O T T T I R I E S 133 COMPARISON OF SELECTED INDUSTRIES BY STATES: (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) 1. PEN N SY LV A N IA , F o r Scale, see fo o t o f charts. i $ 8 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 F o r Scale, see fo o t o f charts. 4. M IN N E SO T A . Flouring and grist-mill products. Lumber, s a w e d - . .......................... A gricultural im plem ents............... $41,519,004 7,366,038 2,340,288 5. OHIO. i; Flouring and grist-mill products........... . 2 Iron and steel............................................... 3 Clothing, m en’s.......................................... 4 Slaughtering and m eat-packing............. 5 Foundery and m achine-shop products. 6| gricultural im plem ents.......................... A 7 Lum ber, sa w e d .......................................... 8; Carriages and w a g on s.............................. Liquors, m alt.............................................. Furniture. Liquors, distilled................................................. Printing and publishing.................................... Paper, n o t specified............................................ T o b a cco , cigars and cigarettes...................... T o b a cco , chew ing, sm oking and snuff......... Leather, tan ned................................................. B oots and shoes................................................... Sash, d oors and blinds.......................... ............ L eather, cu rried................................................. Bread and other bakery p rod ucts................. C ooperage............................................................. Brick and tile....................................................... Cars, railroad, street and repairs.................. T inw are, copperw are and sheet-iron w are. Saddlery and harness........................................ Lum ber, plan ed................................................... Cheese and b u tter............................................. Carriage and w a g o n m aterials....................... Oil, linseed............................................................ M arble and stone w o r k .................................... Stone and earthenw are.................................... $40,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $36,000,000 $34,000,000 $32,000,000 $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $28,000,000 $26,000,000 $24,000,000 $22,000,000 $ '2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $18,000,000 $16,000,000 $14,000,000 $ 12,000,000 $ 10, 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 $ 8 , 000,000 33*Tinw are, copperw are, and sheet-iron w a re. 341 usical instruments, pianos an d m aterials. M 37^Musical instruments, organs and m aterials. 40 43 45 clothing, w om en’s.....................— ................... • $6,000,000 4,000,000 2 000,000 $ , 6. MISSOURI. F o r Scale, see fo o t o f charts. 1 F louring and grist-mill p rod ucts..................... $32,438,831 14,628,630 2 Slaughtering and m eat-packing.................... 6,798,832 3 5,286,338 4 T o b a cco , chew ing, smoking, and snuff........ 5,265,617 5 6 5,048,077 4,660,530 7 4,475,740 8 4^452,962 9 4,158,606 10 11 3,976,175 3,822,477 12 8,250,192 13 2,825,860 14 2,483,738 15 2,380,563 16 F u rn itu re .............................................................. $34,000,000 $32,000,000 *3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 7. IN D IA N A . $29,591,397 1 15,209,204 2 14,260,830 3 6,833,648 4 Foundery and m achine shop p rod ucts.......... 4,960,500 5 Cars, railroad, street, and repairs................. 4,551,403 6 7 4,460,408 3,998,520 8 9 3,909,591 3,342,552 10 11 2,997,063 2|729;347 12 2,604,816 13 2,369,723 14 2,126.896 15 Saddlery and harness........................................ $26,000,000 $24,000,000 $ 22,000,000 $ 20 , 000,000 $18,000,000 $16,000,000 $14,000,000 $ 12,000,000 * 10, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 8 , 000,000 $ 6 ,000,000 $4,000,000 $ 2 ,000,000 3. M A SS A C H U S E T T S. 25]J e w e lry ................................................................... 20 KUDDer ana elastic g o o a s ................................. 27 Carriages and w a g on s...................................... 28 Silk and silk g o o d s .............................................. 29 30 Iron nails an d spikes, c u t and w rou gh t........ i " i $110,- 100 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 $ 9 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 11 Slaughtering and m eat packing...................... $97,891,517 47,471,558 21Flouring and grist m ill p ro d u cts .................... 20,545,289 3 jIron and steel............... - ..................................... 19,356,849 4 .Clothing, m en’s ..................................................... 14,600,760 5 Liquors, distilled................................................. 13,515,791 6 F oundery and m achine shop p rod u cts......... 13,498,575 71 Agricultural im plem ents................................... 7,044,638 8 F u r n itu re .............................................................. 7,114,939 9 Printing and publishing.................................... 5,798,109 10 Liquors, m a lt........................................................ 5,402,070 Leather, tan n ed ................................................... 5,063,037 Lumber, sa w e d ................................................... 5.055,000 Lard, refin ed ........................................................ 5,033,053 4,813,290 4,197,400 16 T ob a cco, chewing, smoking, and sn u ff........ 3.930.322 17 S oap and ca n d les............................................... 3,894,655 Tinw are, copperw are, an d sheet-iron w a re. 3,876,085 Cheese and b u tter............................................. 8,857,139 Bread and other bak ery p rod u cts................. 3,764,990 T ob a cco, cigars and cigarettes........................ 3,500,993 Sash, d oors and blinds...................................... 3,233,305 C ooperage................. - ........................................... 3,183,026 B oots and shoes................................................... 3,099,893 Oil, linseed............................................................ 3.095.322 Saddlery and harness............................... .— 3,065,302 Brick and tile....................................................... 3,008,879 C offee and spices, roasted an d grou n d ......... 2,799,700 P a in ts..................................................................... 2,664,710 W ir e w o r k .............................................................. 2,543,682 Cars, railroad, street, an d repairs.................. 2,391,380 Leather, cu rried................................................... 2,208,792 C on fection ery...................................................... 2,113,080 M alt......................................................................... 2,102,387 M arble and ston ew ork ...................................... 2,008,159 B oxes, w ood en , p acking.................................. 8 9 10 11 1* 13 Iron and steel....................................................... 14 Dyeing and finishing textiles............. ............. 15 Flouring and grist-mill p rod ucts.................... 16 Printing and publishing..................................... 17 B o o t an d shoe c u t s t o c k ............................... 18 S traw go o d s ........ , ..................- ........................... 19 i 000,000 $ 2. ILLINOIS. 1 B oots and shoes................................................... 2 Cotton go o d s ......................................................... 3 4 Foundery and m achine-shop p rod u cts.......... i I $145,576,268 1 Iron and steel.............................................. 41,552,662 2 Flouring and grist-mill p rod ucts........... 85,029,673 3 Foundery and machine-shop p rod ucts. 32,341,291 4 W oolen good s.............................................. 27,042,068 51 Leather, tan ned.......................................... 24,294,929 6 Sugar and molasses, refined................... 23,821,887 7 Clothing, m en’s . 22,457,359 8 Lumber, sa w ed ............................... 21,640,397 Cotton good s................................... 20,882,764 IQ]M ixed textiles.................................. 14,304,660 11 Carpets, other than ra g ................ 13,092,863 12jDrugs and chem icals.................... 10,229,893 13(Printing and publishing............... 10,124,348 14 Liquors, m alt.................................. 10,072,473 15 W orsted good s............................... . 9,908,545 16 Slaughtering and m eat-packing.. 9,590,002 17 B oots and shoes................................. 8,935,147 18 Hosiery and knit good s................... 8,720,584 19 Glass..................................................... 8,448,474 20 Bread and other bak ery products 21 Iron pipe, w rou gh t............................................. I 8,418,975 22 Cars, railroad, street, and repairs.................. ' 8,082,272 23' Leather, curried................................................... 7,852,177' 241 Furniture............................................................... 7,588,229 251 ob a cco, cigars and cigarettes........................ T 6,906,603 26iLeather, dressed skins...................................... 6,745,044 27jShipbuilding.......................................................... 6,689,470 28| Dyeing and finishing textiles............................ 6,259,852 29 Tinware, copperw are, and sheet-iron w a r e .1 r 5,442,555 30 Paper, n ot specified............................................! 5,355,912 31 Brick and tile....................................................... 4,813,153 32 Carriages and w agon s....................................... 4,760,723 33 Lumber, planed................................................... 4,602,753 34 C oke..................................... 35 H ardw are........................... 36 Agricultural implements 371 Paints................................... 381 Confectionery................... Silk and silk goods 40 Cooperage. 41 M arble and stone w o r k ............................. 42 Clothing, w om en’s .................................... . 48 Umbrellas and canes................................. . 44 Soap and candles....................................... 46 Coffee and spices, roasted and ground. 46 Iron bolts, nuts, washers, and riv e ts ... 47 Cutlery and ed ge to o ls ............................. 48 Sash, doors, and blinds............................. Saddlery and harness............................... Hats and ca p s.............................................. M alt................................. ............................. Brass castings............................- ................ Shirts........................................................ . . . Cordage and tw in e..................................... Patent m edicines and com pounds........ $95,900,510 74,780,835 45,099,203 23,935,604 23,282,775 22,951,782 22*880^439 17^902^662 15,188,196 13,556,721 13^043^829 10,466,016 10,288,921 9,482,939 8,774,049 7,757,260 7,397,734 6.898.628 6.337.629 6i04L618 5,112,227 4,942,769 4,539,399 4^489^555 4,265,525 $ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $38,000,000 8. W ISCO NSIN . F o r Scale, see fo o t o f charts. $27,639,430 17,952,347 6,580,391 6,533,926 4 Slaughtering and m eat-packing...................... li F louring and grist-mill p rod ucts.................... 101 Foundery and m achine-shop products.......... 4,883,797 4,496,729 4,350,454 4,324,433 3^965^652 3,742,069 2,975,687 9. N E W JE R S E Y 4,048,141 8,764,260 3,290,837 3,126,275 3,120,184 2,995,395 2,901,133 2,652,856 2,594,182 2,483,596 2,354,243 2,305,985 2,281,850 2,281,666 2,164,680 2,133,654 2,074,219 2,070,346 2,020,038 $ 2 , 000,000 * Only those industries are given w h ose State product is $2,000,000 o r over. The selec tions are m ade fro m th e lists in the “ Compendium o f the Tenth Census o f the U nited States, 1880,” and, as there explained, d o n ot include quartz milling, petroleum refining, gas, and m anufactures b y steam railroad companies. A l a .. .27 Minn. 4 A rk .. .37 M o ... 6 Cal. . .18 Nebr. 28 Colo. .35 N .H .- .14 Conn -15 N.,1. . 9 Del. . .36 N .Y .. . 1 0 /A C .. .34 N.C. 25 Fla. . .3 3 Ohio. 5 G a ... .21 Oreg. .31 i n . . . . 2 P a.. . 1 Ind. . . 7 R .I ... .12 Iowa. .18 s . c . . .2!) Kuns. .19 iTenn. . 2 0 K y ... .22 T e x .. 24 L a ... .30 V t ... .32 M e ... .16 V a ... .17 M d ... .23 W .V a .26 Mass. . 3 W is .. . 8 Mich. .11 1 Sugar and molasses, refined. ! Slaughtering and m eat-packing ) Silk and silk goods 1 Foundery and machine-shop products 5 Iron and steel 5 Leather, curried r Flouring and grist-mill products i Smelting and refining. ) Leather, tanned ) Hats and caps 1 T o b a cco , chewing, smoking, and snuff. 1 C otton goods i Drugs and chemicals 1 W oolen goods, i Clothing, m en’s i B oots and shoes. 1 Sewing m achines and attachm ents 1 Liquors, malt. 19[Jew elry . 20' Dyeing and finishing textiles 21; Glass. 22 Bread and other bak ery products. 23|Stone and earthenware. 24 Trunks and valises 25'Fertilizers 26!B oots and shoes, rubber 27 R ubber and elastic goods 28 Shirts. 29, Paper, n o t specified *3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $28,000,000 $26,000,000 $24,000,000 $22 ,000,000 * 20 , 000 ,0 00 $18,000,000 $ 10 ,000,000 $14,000,000 $ 12 ,000,000 * '1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $8,000,000 $ 6,000,000 $4,000,000 $ 2 ,000,000 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C HARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. jsa: _ a _ zisr t j ie 1-A- o :e t t j P late 134 s COMPARISON OF SELECTED INDUSTRIES BY STATES.—Continued. 10. N EW YORK. For Scale, see fo o t o f chart. 11 Clothing, m en’s. 2 Sugar and molasses, refined.................... 3 (Flouring and grist-mill products............. 4 (Foundery and m achine-shop p rod u cts. 5 Slaughtering and m eat packing............. . 6 Liquors, m alt................................................. 7 (Printing and publishing........................ . 8|Tobacco, cigars, an d cigarettes............. . $81,133,011 71,237,051 49,331,984 44,714,915 43.096.138 35,392,677 27,885,376 24,767,504 23,652,366 22,219,219 20,314,307 19,937,953 18,979,259 15,210,879 14,758,718 14,356,910 13,376,380 12,295,353 11,014,820 10,707,766 10,189,267 10,170,140 9,991,259 9,899,540 9,874,973 9,874,098 9,858,768 9,723,527 9,455,900 8,907,737 8,888,479 8,524,279 8,419,254 8.084.154 8,073,766 7,985,044 7,652,672 7,322,970 7,147,443 6,765,719 6,686,389 6,574,939 6,464,058 6,192,002 5,797,531 5,718,529 5,679,607 5,649,122 5,340,806 5,338,753 5,296,691 5,207,135 5.095.955 4,879,894 4,343,924 4,339,178 4,281,877 4,205,080 4,108,464 3,884,300 3.792.955 3,705,127 3,610,472 3,509,367 3,396,633 3,328,102 3.240.138 3,150,312 3,120,452 3,095,302 3,075,000 3,033,777 2,914,119 2,828,757 2.776.154 2,728,628 2,458,445 2,420,796 2,379,816 2.365.139 2,321,990 2.304,680 2,270,854 2,163,511 2,142,730 lojlron and steel............................................... 11 (Clothing, w om en ’s ........................................ 12iBread and oth er b a k ery p rod u cts........ 13|Boots and shoes.......................................... 14j F urnitu re............... ..................................... . lSiLard, refined................................................ lG(Lumber, saw ed .......................................... 17|Mixed textiles............................................ 18,Cheese an d b u tter..................................... 19(S h irts............................... . 20 Agricultural im plem ents. 21 M arble and s ton ew ork ___ 22(Silk and silk g ood s. 23(Drugs and chem icals___ 24 jHosiery and knit goods. 25 W oolen good s................. . 261 alt................................... . M 271 Tinware, cop p erw are, an d sh eet-iron w a re. 28 Cotton good s 29 Paints 30 T ob a cco, chewing, sm oking, an d snuff....... 31 Carriages and w a g on s...................................... Paper, n ot specified............................................ Carpets, other than ra g .................................... Musical instruments, pianos an d materials. Lumber, planed................................................... 36 Shipbuilding. 37 Coffee and spices, roasted and grou n d . 38'Grease and ta llo w ..................................... 391Furnishing good s, m en ’s.. 40 Cooperage............................ 411 Confectionery..................... 42 Soap and candles............. Hats an d caps Leather, cu rried...................................... Millinery and la ce g o o d s ...................... Gloves and m ittens............................... Oil, linseed................................................ Furs, dressed.......................................... Jew elry...................................................... O leom argarine......................................... Bookbinding and b lan k-book m aking Cordage an d tw in e................................. Paperhangings.......................................... Sash, doors, and blin d s........................ . Artificial feath ers a n d flow ers........... Patent m edicines a n d com pounds— Stationery g o o d s ........... ........................ W ool hats.................................................. Brick and tile........*................................ . Bags, other than paper........................ . Saddlery and harness............................ Broom s and brushes.............................. Boxes, w ood en , packing........... .......... Umbrellas and canes.............................. H ardw are.................................................. S ta rch ......................................................... Upholstering............................................ Fertilizers............................. - .................. Gold and silver, red u ced an d refined. Leather, dressed skins........................... G lu co se ..................................................... . Boxes, fa n cy an d paper........................ . R ubber and elastic g o o d s .................... . Looking-glass and picture fram es-----Dyeing and finishing textiles............... Gas and lam p fixtures...................... Brass castings.....................................---■ Glass........................................................... Fruits and vegetables, canned and preserved Belting and hose, leather........ ........ W orsted g o o d s ................................... Cars, railroad, street, an d repairs. Lithographing..................................... W ood, turned and ca rv ed ............. Baking and yeast p ow d ers............. . RETROSPECT. Total State Products. 1850. [ Tu»a *V»H Product. I 860. Product. | 1870. [K 4b 45 35 249,010 37 1,249,123 43 Product. (Values.) 1880. 1 State. $185,410 47 A riz.- $ 765,424 46 Wyo.1,489*888 44 N.M .2,494 511 178,570 47 36 1,406,921 40 2,851,052 40 Wash 34 291,230 38 900,153 42 2,343,019 39 Utah. 32 668,335 35 2,447,969 37 4,685,403 38 Fla. . 33 537,908 34 2,880,578 38 4,629,234 87 A rk .. 28 2,912,068 28 6,590,687 ai 8,154,758 36 Miss.30 2,236,640 33 2,976,761 35 6,877,387 35 Oreg. 29 2,690,258 30 5,412,102 33 9,292,173 34 D. C. 39 607,328 30 5,738,512 26 4,528,876 25 10,588^566 29 13,040,644 32 A la .. 39 2,852,820 23 7.045,477 27 8,615,195 32 9,858,981 30 S.C. . 20 9,111,050 21 16,678,698 20 19,021,327 29 N.C.. 25 4,649,296 26 9,892,902 27 16,791,382 28 Del. . 31 7,168,538 29 6,577,202 31 11,517,302 27 T e x .. 24 24,102,201 26 W .V a 24 6,779,417 22 15,587,473 23 24,161,905 25 L a ... 31 4,357,408 30 11,775,833 24 Kans. 21 8,570,920 23 14,637,807 21 32,184,606 23 v t . . . 22 7,082,075 20 16,925,564 22 31,196,115 22 G a ... 18 9,725,608 19 17,987,225 20 34,362,636 21 Tenn. 8 29,602,507 9 50,652,124 19 38,364,322 20 V a ... 27 3,551,783 24 13,971,325 18 46,534,322 19 Iow a. 11 23,164,503 16 37,586,453 15 71,038,249 18 N .H .. 13 21,710,212 15 37,931,240 17 54,025,809 17 K y ... 36 58,300 32 3,373,172 25 23,110,700 16 Minn. 9 24,661,057 14 38,193,254 12 79,497,521 15 M e ... 12 22,117,688 13 40,711,296 10 111,418,354 14 K . I . . 7 33,043,892 12 41,735,157 14 76,593,613 13 M d ... 16 12,862,522 7 68,253,228 16 66,594,556 12 Cal. . 19 9,293,068 18 27,849,467 13 77,214,326 11 W is.. 14 18,725,423 10 42.803,469 11 108,617,278 10 Ind. . 17 11,169.002 17 32,658,356 9 118,394,676 9 Mich. 10 24,324,418 11 41,782,731 5 206,213,429 8 M o ... 5 47,114,585 5 81,924,555 8 161,065,474 7 ’Conn. 6 39,851,856 6 76,306,104 7 169,237,732 6 N.J. . 4 62,692,279 4 121,691,148 4 269,713,610 5 O h io . 15 16,534,272 8 57,580,886 6 205,620,672 4 m .... 2 157,743,994 3 255,545,922 3 553,912,568 8 Mass. 3 155,944,910 290,121,188 711,894,344 2 Pa. .. • ? (Based o n the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) $ 8 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 11. MICHIGAN. For Scale, see fo o t o f charts. 1 Lum ber, sa w e d .......................................... 2 Flouring and grist-mill p ro d u cts ........... 3 Foundery and m achine-shop p rod u cts. 4 Iron and steel.............................................. 5 F u rn itu re ..................................................... 6 Agricultural im plem ents.......................... 7 Clothing, m en’s............................................ 8 jCarriages and w a g on s............................... 9 Sash, d oors and blinds............................. lojSalt................... . 11 Liquors, m alt. 12 T ob a cco, cigars and cigarettes.. 13 Slaughtering and m eat-packing. 14 Shipbuilding. . 15 Leather, tan ned . $52,449,928 23,546,875 5.271.142 4,591,613 3,514,176 3,102,638 3,029,478 2.741.143 2,440,402 2,271,913 2,184,31 2,146,089 2,065,634 2,034,636 2,029,653 1,284,846 3,250,134 4,324,992 5,646,448 6,756,159 7,518,302 10,931,232 11,882,316 13,565,504 16,738,008 20,095,037 20,514,438 20,719,928 22,867,126 24,205,183 30,843,777 31,354,366 36,440,948 37,074,886 61,780,992 71,045,926 73,978,028 75,483,377 76,065,198 79,829,793 104,163,621 106,780,563 116.218,973 128,255,480 148,006,411 150,715,025 165,386,205 185,697,211 254,380,236 348,298,390 414,864,673 631,135,284 744,818,445 N . Y . . 1,080,696,596 T o b a cco , chewing, smoking, and snuff. Flouring and grist-mill p rod ucts........... Lum ber, saw ed .......................................... Iron and steel.............- .............................. . 1 $24,609,461 2 " 15,410,450 3 6^874*254 4 6^281^707 5 6,177,754 6 5^650'l33 7 Slaughtering and m eat-packing...................... 8,876^740 8 2,718,822 9 2^217,000 18. C ALIFO RN IA. $12,701,477 7,953,914 5,932,000 4 4,797,232 5 4^428,950 6 3,992,209 7 3,947,353 3,862,431 3,738,723 10 3,649,551 11 3,148,978 12 2,416,398 13 2,102,500 14 Leather, c u r r ie d ............................................... 2,001,850 Flouring and grist-mill p rod ucts.................... $19,089,401 11,285,032 Slaughtering and m eat-packing...................... 6,185,628 Lumber, sa w e d ............... .................................J 2,212,197 Carriages and w agon s.................................... . 2,068,486 Saddlery and harness........................................ 14. N EW H AM PSH IR E. 19. K AN SAS. ll Cotton g o o d s ......................................................... $18,226,573 8,113,839 2 W o o le n g o o d s ....................................................... 7,230,804 3 B oots and shoes........................ ........................ . 4 jLum ber, sa w e d .................... .............................. 3,842,012 5 Mixed textiles 2,703,281 6 W orsted go o d s ................................................... . 2,694,232 7 F louring and grist m ill p rod u cts.................... 2,542,784 8 H osiery and knit go o d s ..................................... 2,362,779 $ 12, Leather, t a n n e d .................................................. 9 2,315,616 10 Leather, cu rried___ . . . . . . . ______ 2,161,734 $10,J lllF o u n d e ry and m achine-shop p rod u cts..........| 2,024,656 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ........( $11,858,022 1) Slaughtering and m eat-packing........... ........1 ’ 5^618^714 20. T E N N E S S E E , $34,000,000 15. CO N N ECT ICU T . $4,000,000 $ 2 ,000,000 000,000 11 Cotton g o o d s......................................................... | $17,050,126 | 2|Woolen goods. 8'Brass and copper, rolled 4 Hardware. 5|Foundery and m achine-shop products. 6 jPlated an d brittannia ware. 7 M ixed te x tile s....................... 8 Silk and silk g o o d s ....................... 9 Slaughtering and m eat-packing 10 Hats and ca p s .................... 11 Paper, n o t specified.......... 12 B oots an d shoes, ru bber. 13 Corsets___ t .......................... 14 C lo ck s ................................... 15 Sewing m achines an d attachments. 3 Flouring and grist-mill products. 1 Cutlery and e d g e t o o ls .. 3 Carriages and w a g o n s ... 3 Carpets, oth er than r a g ... 3 Firearms.............................. 1 Hosiery and knit g o o d s .. i B oots and shoes................. S Clothing, m en’s ................. 21. GEORG IA, 1 2 3 $9,793,898 '6^513^490 4^875^310 22. K E N T U C K Y . $18,000,000 1 2 3 4 Slaughtering and m eat-packing.................... 5 G 7 Foundery and m achine-shop p ro d u cts......... 8 $16,000,000 4,000,000 $ 12 , 000,000 $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $9,604,147 ’ 8^281’018 5,090,029 4^538^888 4,064,361 3,734,835 3^013^079 2,511,960 23. M A RY LA N D . 1 Clothing, m en’s..................................................... 2 Flouring and grist-mill prod u cts..................... 3 Fruits and vegetables, canned and preserved 4 5 f, 7 Foundery and m achine-shop p rod u cts.......... 8 Tinware, copperw are, and sheet-iron w a re . 9 Slaughtering and m eat-packing.................. ... 10 Bread and oth er bak ery p rod u cts................. i i B oots and shoes................................................... $ 8 ,000,000 5.000,000 $4,000,000 $ 2,000,000 INDEX to State Rank, 1880. Ala. .32 M o ... . 8 A riz. .47 Mont, .43 A rk .. .37 Nebr. .33 C al. . .12 N ev.. .42 Colo. .31 N.H, .18 ( ’onn . 7 N .J.. . 6 Dak. . .41 N.M ex 44 Del. . .28 N.Y, 1 D .C .. .34 N. O .29 Fla. . .38 Ohio. 5 G a ... .22 Oreg. .35 Ida. . .45 Pa. 2 111... . 4 R. I .14 Ind. . .10 s. .30 Io w a .19 Tenn. .21 Kalis .24 T e x .. .27 K y ... .17 Utah. -39 L a ... .25 vt.. .23 Ale... .15 V a ... .20 M d ... .13 Wash 40 Mass. . 3 W .V a .26 Mich. . 9 W is .. .11 Minn. .16 Wyo.. .46 Miss. .36 $10,784,804 ’ 3*744^905 2,274,203 2 $8 ,000,000 $ 6 , 000,000 $13,231,038 12,210,272 3,434,163 2,585,999 lj Flouring and grist-mill p rod ucts.................... 13. IOWA. 1 2 3 4 5 F or Scale, see fo o t o f charts. 17. VIRGINIA. 12. RH O DE ISLAND. Product. 618,365 898,494 16. M A IN E. 1 C otton go o d s......................................................... $13,319,363 2 7,933,868 3 7,100,967 4 6,686,073 5 5,823,541 6 Flouring and grist-mill p ro d u cts.................... 3,966,023 2,909,816 7 2,612,350 8 9 Foundery and m achine-shop p rod u cts......... 2,232,675 2,170,321 10 $9,579,066 7,954,004 6,245,297 5,770,198 4^688^714 4’470’050 4^454^317 3,564,994 3,377,605 2,275,227 2,212,963 *10,- 000,000 $ 8 ,000,000 $ 6 ,000,000 $4,000,000 $ 2 , 000,000 Group of Minor Products. Group of Minor Products. |1. Flouring and grist-mill p rod ucts.......... ~4' T E X --|2. Lum ber, sa w e d ........................................ 1. Flouring and grist-mill p rod ucts.......... 25. N .C .. 4. T o b a cco , smoking, chew ing, and snuff 20. W .V A 2. Flouring and grist-mill p rod u cts......... 1. 2. 28. NEB.. 1. 1. 27. A L A .. Flouring Lumber, Flouring F louring and grist-mill p rod u cts......... s a w e d ........................................ and grist-mill p rod ucts......... and grist-mill p rod ucts.......... 29. S .C ... 4. Lum ber, sa w e d ........................................ $7,617,177 3,673,449 $6,462,806 2,672,796 2,554,482 2,215,154 $6,054,032 ^ ^ s is 2,431,857 $4,315,174 2,049,634 $4,193,086 $3,779,470 2,895,769 2,691,053 2,031,507 30. L A ... 1. 1. 2. 1. 2. 32. Y T ... 3. 4. 5. 33. FLA .. 1. $ 8, 34. D.C. . 1. 000,000 35. COLO 1. 1. $ ,36. D E L .. 2. 000,000 3. $4,000,000 37. A R K . 1. 31. OREG 6 Oil, cottonseed and ca k e ........................ $3,739,466 Flouring and grist-mill p rod u cts......... $3,475,531 Lum ber, sa w e d ........................................ 2,030,463 Lum ber, sa w e d ............................... . $3,258,816 W oolen g o o d s ............................................ 3,217,807 F louring and grist-mill p rod u cts..........i 3,038,688 Lum ber, plan ed........................................ 2,709,522 2,080,474 Scales and bala n ces................................. Lum ber, s a w e d ........................................ $3,060,291 Printing and publishing.......................... $2,896,312 $2,534,644 Flouring and grist-mill p rod ucts......... Iron and steel.......................................... . $2,347,177 2,162,503 Shipbuilding.................................... .......... Iron pipe, w rou gh t................................... 2,000,000 $2,249,289 Flouring and grist-mill p rod ucts......... 2 000,000 $4,000,000 1*,000,000 $2 $ , N.Y. KEY. 00 0 ,0 0 0 $ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 *6 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 *7 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 7 7 7 V > V -/ ?A Mai * 8 0 0 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 7 7 2 2 ?ZZZl ZZHZZ& y ZZZZ Z& . COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. ft P l a t e M 135 SELECTED INDUSTRIES IN TWENTY PRINCIPAL CITIES. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth C ensus) L 1. CHICAGO, IL L 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 .10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Printing and publishing.-................................... Leather, tanned................................................... C offee and spices, roasted and grou n d .......... Tinware, copperw are, and sheet-ironw are. M alt........................................................................ Furnishing good s, m en’s................................... Carriages and w a g on s....................................... Clothing, w om en ’s ............................................... Painting, and paperhanging............................. T ob a cco, chewing, smoking, and snuff......... Grease and ta llo w .............................................. M arble and ston e-w ork..................................... Looking-glass and picture fram es................... C ooperage............................................................. Oil, la rd .................................................................. W ire w o rk .............................................................. Lamps and reflectors......................................... Cars, railroad, street, and repairs.................. A 1T T J F A C T U R E S F or scale, see fo o t o f charts. $85,324,371 17,342,207 10,441,891 8,934,629 6,177,114 5,959,295 4,914,550 4,387,545 4,080,900 3,627,310 3,429,375 2,961,508 2,808,879 2,796,0C0 2,C99,480 2,623,137 2,613,186 2,598,508 2,479,805 2,315,174 2,217,564 2,164,496 2,146,500 1.974.000 1,967,093 1,960,780 1,953,558 1,883,073 1.835.597 1,809,759 1,585,990 1,403,026 1.387.598 1.327.000 1,275,355 1,268,855 1,137,694 1.107.000 1,065,860 1,051,346 1,043,682 $ 8 0 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 $ 7 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 3. BROOKLYN, N. Y. F or scale, see fo o t o f charts. 1 $59,711,168 ’ 8,010,492 2 6,984,832 3 5^594,975 4 5*284,201 5 5,124,407 6 4,900,338 7 4,871,772 8 3,915,566 9 2,937,262 10 11 2,396,503 2,512,741 12 2,302,703 13 T o b a cco , chew ing, sm oking, and snuff........ 14 1,999,788 1,978,145 15 Hats and caps, n ot including w o o l hats........ 16 1,819,993 1,767,640 17 1,755,144 18 19 1,707,821 1,556,829 20 21 1,549,743 1,399,092 221 1,389,719 23 1,382,862 24 25 1,329,234 26 1,318,081 1,252,756 27 1,109,046 28 1,079,809 29 60 $o8.000.000 $56,000,000 $54,000,000 $52,000,000 $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $48,000,000 $46,000,000 $44,000,000 $42,000,000 $ 4 0 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 $38,000,000 $36,000,000 $34,000,000 $32,000,000 $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $28,000,000 ,000,000 $24,000,000 $ 22 , 000,000 $ 2 0 , 000 ,0 0 0 $18,000,000 $16,000,000 $14,000,000 $ 12 , 000,000 10, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 8 ,000,000 $ 6 , 000,000 $4,000,000 0 $ 2,, 00,000 2. NEW YORK, N. Y. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39' 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 Foundery and m achine-shop p rod u cts......... Musical instruments, pianos, and m aterials. Coffee and spices, roasted and grou n d ......... T ob a cco, chewing, smoking, and snuff......... Hats and caps, n ot including w o o l hats........ M alt......................................................................... Tinware, cop p erw are, and sheet-iron w a re. Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers’ good s $60,798,697 29,297,527 21,690,354 19.137.882 18,930,553 18,347,108 14,758,718 14,710,835 11.330.883 9,605,779 9.415.424 7,800.250 7,663,000 7,096,315 6,913,691 6,871,175 6,229,926 4,974,458 5,771,009 5,608,015 5,215,393 5,153,080 5,002,198 4,927,886 4.825.424 4,592,622 4,474,018 4,320,972 4,298,684 4,008.503 3,900,414 3,697,904 3,694,178 3,584,300 3.499.143 3.456.144 3,350,731 3,179,734 3.063.501 3,058,487 2,977,090 2,932,049 2,614,877 2,613,361 2,549,628 2,334,659 2,220,919 2,173,505 2,071,565 2,071,005 1,952,289 1,826,845 1,798,550 1,762,278 1.747.501 1,738,452 1,699,729 1,619,217 1,573,561 1,527,600 1,479,492 1,351,789 1,302,313 1,295,259 1,250,306 1,242,844 1,213,088 1,161,177 1,157,826 1,140,427 1,098,103 1,094,700 1,061,284 1,061,205 1,037,768 1,035,549 1,028,352 1,023,494 $62,000,000 $ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 | $58,000,000 $56,000,000 $o4,000,000 $52,000,000 $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $48,000,000 $46,000,000 $44,000,000, $42,000,000 $ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $38,000,000 $36,000,000 $3*,000,000 $32,000,000 $ '3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $28,000,000 $ 20, 000,000 $24,000,000 2, 000,000 $ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 4. PITTSBURGH, PA. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 N O T E S . Printing and publishing..................................... C offee and spices, roasted and g ro u n d .......... B r id g e s ................................................................. C ooperage...................................................... Liquors, m alt..................................................... Lum ber, planed............................................ 1,708,560 1,558,250 1,451,816 1,422,481 1,276,420 1,214,032 1,152,892 1,150,787 1,054,395 5. PH ILAD ELPH IA, PA. 1 2 3 4 5 6 $ 12 ,000,000 $’1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 8, 000,000 $ 6,000,000 $4,000,000 $ 2 ,000,000 ‘ Only those Industries are given ■whose city p rod u ct is $1,000,000 o r over. The selections are m ade from the lists in the “ Compendium o f the Tenth Census o f the U nited States, 1880,” and, as there explained, d o n ot include quartz milling, petro leum refining, gas, o r m anufactures b y steam railroad com panies. (1.) E xclusive o f the p rod u ct o f reta il butchering establishments. (2.) Including cu stom w ork and repairing. For scale,-see fo o t o f charts. Iron and steel....................................................... $35,490,634 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 $24,294,929 21 *349*810 4*839*853 Shipbuilding.......................................................... Cars, railroad, street, and repairs................... Tinware, copperw are, an d sh eet-iron w a re. Hats and caps, n o t including w o o l hats........ C offee and spices, roasted and grou n d .......... Grease and ta llo w ............................................... 3,267,981 8,174,145 3,162,340 2*804,874 2 ,m , 969 2,653,074 2*617,*725 2^466^410 2^800,786 2,104,721 2,*097*052 2,068,505 2,057,119 2,033,403 1,954,715 1,879,460 1,796,311 1,698,536 1,631,970 1,626,000 1,621,959 1,541,748 1,518,578 1,517,000 1,510,645 1,411,830 1,395,606 1,369,151 1,294,986 1,180,400 .1,159,198 1.120.198 ............. 10 ... 7 ............. 3 ......... 17 Buffalo, N. Y .................... Chicago, 111........................ ............. 1 ............. 8 Cleveland, O hio............... ................ 11 ................ 2 0 6, JERSEY CITY, N. J. $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 $22,799,614 2 " 18^551*783 3 1,517^214 4 1,464,500 5 F oundery and m achine-shop p ro d u cts.......... 1,041,471 $ 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Jersey City, N. J .............. ............. 6 Louisville, K y ................... ............. 16 M ilwaukee, W is............... ............. 13 N ewark, N. J ................... ............. 12 N ew Orleans, La.............. ............. 19 N ew Y ork, N. Y .............. ............. 2 Philadelphia, P a............... ............. 5 Pittsburgh, Pa.................. .............4 ............. 15 ................ 9 ........... 14 W ashington, D. C............ ........... 18 2 COPYRIGHT, 18C3, BY CH A RLES SCRIBNER'S SONS. 4 6 8 $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 s£_A_IESrTXIir,_A_ 0 T T J R E S P late 136 SELECTED INDUSTRIES IN TWENTY PRINCIPAL CITIES. —Continued. 7. BOSTON, M ASS, 1 2 3 4 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 10. BALTIM O RE, MD, ____________F or scale, see fo o t o f charts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Boots and shoes (2)............................... Printing and publishing........................ T ob a cco, cigars, and cigarettes...................... Leather, tanned................................. Bread and other bak ery p rod u cts.................. Carpentering............. ............... ...................... Tobacco, chew ing, smoking, and snuff____ Safes, doors, and vaults, fire-p roof................ Lumber, saw ed ............................................... Saddlery and harness..................................... H ardware............................................ Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers’ goods 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9,435,432 5,427,938 3,820,685 2,687,409 1,249,502 1,202,480 1,163,714 1,105,768 4,006,450 2,767,401 2,090,672 1,827,216 1,700,426 1,515,097 1,508,486 1,335,000 1,247,191 1,155,564 1,051,193 1,036,454 1,002,866 Leather, cu rrie d ____ ______ ________________ $ 8,300,722 Leather, tanned . . 6,345,856 J e w e lry ____________________________________ 4,002,677 Liquors, m a lt.............................................. ......... 2,812,300 Hats and caps, n ot including w o o l h a t s ___ 2,596,578 Clothing, m en’s ........................... ............. ....... 2,077,351 Trunks and v a lis e s ............................................ 2,013,923 Foundery and m achine-shop p rod u cts.......... 1,957,177 1,949,872 B oots and shoes (2).............................................. C otton g o o d s ....................................................... 1,598,397 Slaughtering and m eat-packing (1)................. 1,527,660 H ardware, s a d d le ry ........................................... 1,524,008 C arpentering........................................................ 1,390,874 Drugs and ch e m ic a ls ......................................... 1,280,329 Celluloid and celluloid g o o d s .......................... 1,251,540 Saddlery and harness......................................... 1,180,404 Sewing-m achines and attachm ents............... 1,062,150 4^813^769 8,950 530 3,668,287 3,425,167 3,005 411 2,575,350 2,570,860 2,364,858 1,979,683 1,034,594 1,614,236 1,607,541 1,431,405 1,255,552 1,191,670 1,166,743 1,158,185 1,145,090 1,100.809 1,095,959 316,000,000 314,000,000 312,' >00,000 $ 10, 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 3 8 ,000,000 $ 6 ,000,000 34,000,000 32,000,000 Slaughtering and m eat-packing (1 )........ B oots and shoes (2 )..................................... Foundery and m achine-shop products . Clothing, m en’s........................................ . T o b a c c o , cigars, and cig a r e tte s ............. Carpentering.. :Printing and publishing. • Liquors, m alt. Flouring and grist-mill p ro d u cts............. Bread and other bak ery p r o d u c t s .......... Leather, t a n n e d ........................................... High explosives............................................. Bags, other than p a p e r ............................. ‘Coffee and spices, roasted and g r o u n d . .Furniture.................................................... . |Clothing, w om en ’s ....................................... Leather, cu rried ........................................... [Shipbuilding.................................................. — 1 1 Printing and publishing........ $ 2,896,312 u 2 | Flouring and grist-mill p rod u cts.................... 1,172,375 u i 19. NEW O R LEAN S, LA. 1 Oil, cottonseed and c a k e ................................. $ 2,751,150 1,573,281 2 1,483,000 3 Sugar and m olasses, refined............................ 1,228,300 4 Foundery and m achine-shop p rod u cts......... 1,078,559 5 Clothing, m en’ s ................................................... 4,204,708 4,034,319 3,763,987 2,252,784 2,219,978 2,101,195 20. DETRO IT, MICH. Iron and s t e e l ............................................. Clothing, m en’s ........................................... . Foundery and m achine-shop prod ucts.. Slaughtering and m eat-packing (1)......... Flouring and grist-mill p rod u cts........... . T obacctf, chew ing, sm oking, and snuff. T o b a cco , cigars, and cig arettes............ . Liquors, m a lt................................................ B oots and shoes (2)..................................... . 14. SA N FRANCISCO , CAL. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Mi ■ i ■■ ■■ 18. W ASH ING TON , D.C. 13. M ILW A U KEE, WIS. 1 2 3 4 5 Foundery and m achine-shop p rod u cts.......... 6 Leather, cu rried.................................................. 7 | Slaughtering and m eat-packing (1)................. $ 4,287,158 2,343,039 | oundery and m achine-shop prod u cts.......... F 2,312,802 T o b a c c o , chew ing, smoking, and snuff........ 1,855,590 'Leather, tan ned................................................... 1,382,500 .Liquors, distilled.................................................. 1,308,718 [Clothing, m en’s ................................................... 1,220,700 Agricultural im plem ents................................... 1,188,067 'printing and publishing..................................... 17. BU FFALO , N.Y. 9. ST. LOUIS, MO. 1 2 3 4 T obacco, chewing, smoking, and snuff......... 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Tinware, copperw are, and sheet-iron w a re. F or scale, see fo o t o f charts $ 5,444,092 4,522,179 3,602,947 3,537,000 2,273,254 2,250,273 1,869,819 1,458,740 1,421,100 1,250,164 1 ]F oundery and m achine-shop p rod u cts......... $ 3,577,029 1 Olau^iilvi lug auu iripjif-riupkiufr \7 J lllg *1 3,441,280 2 Sl5iiiP'htpriT]0^ aTirl uivat 3 G lucose_______________________ _______ 3,075,000 4 Clothing, m en’s .................................................... 2,747,475 5 Flouring and grist-mill p rod u cts.................... 2,251,848 2,002,893 6 M alt........................................................................ 1,757,600 7 Leather, tan ned............................................... 1,636,020 8 Liquors, m a lt ....................................................... 9 Lumber, plan ed................................................... 1,219,406 10 S oap and ca n d les................................................ 1,176,840 B 1,068,296 11 1 oots and shoes (2).............................................. 12. NEW ARK, N.J. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 J e w e lry.............................................. ........... Foundery and m achine-shop products.. W oolen go o d s .............................................. W orsted g o o d s ............................................ Dyeing and finishing textiles.................... Cotton go o d s ................................................ 'clothing, m en’s ........................................... Slaughtering and m eat-packing (1 ).____ Gold and silver, red u ced and refin ed .. ICarpentering................................................. 16. LOUISVILLE, KY. Iron and steel....................................................... [$ Slaughtering and m eat-packing (1). Foundery and m achine-shop products. Clothing, m en’s........................................... Liquors, m alt............................................... . Paints............................................................. Oil, lu b rica tin g ......................................... . Flouring and grist-mill p rod ucts........... $13,878,903 11,614,810 5,723,508 5,293 466 Liquors, distilled.......................................... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11. C L E V E L A N D , OHIO. 8. C IN C IN N A TI, OHIO, 15. PROVIDENCE, R.l. F o r scale, see fo o t o f charts 1 Clothing, m en's. Fruits and vegetables, canned and preserved Fertilizers.......................... ................................. Foundery and machine-shop p rod ucts.......... B oots and shoes (2 )............................................. Tinware, copperw are, and sheet-iron w a re Carpentering.................................................... Slaughtering and m eat-packing (1)............ Iron and steel.................................................. Bread and other bakery p ro d u c ts ............. T ob a cco, cigars, and cig a r e tte s ............... . T o b a cco , chewing, sm oking, and sn u ff.. Furniture.......................................................... S h ip bu ild in g................................................... . Printing and publishing................................ Flouring and grist-mill p rod u cts............... C o n fe ctio n e ry ................................................ . Sugar and molasses, refined............................ $16,518,760 Clothing, m en’s ................................................... 16,157,8! Slaughtering and m eat-packing (1)................ 7,096,777 6,234,775 Foundery and machine-shop p rod ucts......... 5,469,518 Printing and publishing.................................... 4,426,264 Liquors, m alt....................................................... 3,867,917 Furniture.............................................................. Carpentering........................................................ 3,748,358 Leather, curried.................................................. 2,520,792 Iron and steel...................................................... 2,189,937 2,166,966 Musical instruments, pianos and materials. R ubber and elastic go o d s ................................. 2,095,460 Boots and shoes (2)............................................. 1,928.740 1,808,520 Clothing, w om en ’s............................................. Confectionery...................................................... 1,606,214 Shipbuilding......................................................... 1,479,148 1,471,582 Bread and other bakery p rod ucts................. ;Coffee and spices, roasted and grou n d ........ 1,448,869 Marble and ston e-w ork..................................... 1.442.861 Masonry, brick and ston e................................. 1,392,231 Fertilizers............................................................ . 1,231,170 Painting and paperhanging............................. 1.204.861 Cordage and tw in e............................................ . 1,124,400 1, 101,000 Flouring and grist-mill p rod u cts........... ........ Tinware, copperw are, and sheet-ironw are. 1,055,472 (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) $ 6,013,602 4,141,547 3,889,503 3,782,963 3,720,813 3,121,851 2,987,576 2,722,270 2,275,360 2,070,884 2,014,345 1,565,868 1,565,000 1,336,718 1,280,210 1,150,207 1,102,475 1,087,843 $ 2,498,634 2,056,182 1,808,355 1,721,231 1,649,627 1,212,146 1,196,870 1,143,601 1,066,025 $10,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 8 ,000,000 $6,000,000 $4,000,000 $ 2 ,000,000 $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $8,000,000 $ 0, 000,000 $4,000,000 , 000,000 Value per Capita of the Manufactured Products of the Twenty Principal Cities of the United States, 1880. City. 10 11 12’ 13 14 15 16 N ew ark................... 3 Jersey City............. C h ica go................... i [Pittsburgh............. ! Cincinnati............... ' Providence............. New Y o r k ............... Philadelphia........... M ilw aukee............. Boston .................... San Francisco........ St. L ouis................. [Brooklyn ............... Cleveland................ Louisville................ Buffalo ................... D etroit..................... Baltim ore................ N ew O rleans.......... Washington............ Per Capita. 507 500 494 485 412 406 392 382 376 359 332 326 312 803 286 276 259 235 87 80 F o r scale, see fo o t o f chart ? 32 94 89 42 56 24 05 85 11 75 64 18 75 50 29 78 42 97 04 67 . 1 $500 $400 $300 I $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $00 $70 $80 $90 $100 $20 0 Total Value of the Manufactured Products of the Twenty Principal Cities of the United States, 1880. Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 City. Value. N ew Y ork ............... $ 473,926,437 324,342,985 Philadelphia........... 249,022,948 177,223,142 130,531,993 114,333,375 105,259,165 78,417,304 San F r a n c is c o ___ 77,824,299 75,915,033 G9,252,705 Jersey City............. 60^473^905 48,604,050 43^473^812 42,937,701 42,597,512 35,423,203 30,181,416 N ew O rleans......... 18,808,096 W ashington........... 11,882,316 F o r scale, see fo o t o f chart $ 4 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 3 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 I $ 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 20 I **0 70 80 40 $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 90 $ 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 10,000,000 COPYRIGHT, 1883, BY C HARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS. $ 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 * M ^ T S T T T ^ ^ Y C T T T ^ H IS 137 P late TOTAL POWER, Ratio to Total Population. (STEAM AND WATER.) R an k (B a se d o n th e R e tu rn s o f t h e T e n t h C e n s u s .) .^■ h M L Total Power. H orse P o w e r. [lank S t a te . 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 A r iz . . N e v ... 37 36 35 34 C o lo .. F la . .. N e b r .. L a .... O re g . D e l. . . A r k ... M is s . . 33 132 81 so 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 W yo. . N .M e x M o n t.. Id a . .. D a k ... D .C ... W a s h .U ta h .. K a n s .S .C . . . A la ... T e x ... C a l. . . W .V a . N .C ... G a .... M d .. . T e n n .M in n .. I o w a .K y .... V a .- .. V t .... R . I ___ M o ___ N .H ... N .J . . . M e .... W is ... Conn. In d . .. I l l ____ 3 2 M ic h .. O h io . . M a s s .. N .Y ... 1 P a .... s c a l e 530 716 755 1 ,3 5 9 1 ,4 9 8 1 ,6 8 2 2 ,2 2 4 3 ,1 4 3 4 ,3 9 5 4 ,6 8 9 5 .8 0 2 7 ,1 4 7 : 2 5 ,0 0 0 H o r s e - P o w e r 5 0 ,0 0 0 8 ,4 9 4 1 1 ,3 4 8 1 3 ,5 8 9 1 5 ,4 2 8 1 5 ,7 3 3 1 8 ,4 5 0 K L M M M M M M ^ in d e x . A l a . . .2 7 A r i z . .4 7 A r k . . .3 1 C a l . . .2 5 C o lo . -8 7 C onn - H D a k .. .4 1 D e l . . .3 2 I I . C . . .4 0 F l a . . .3 6 G a . . . .2 2 I d a . . .4 2 H I .. . 6 In d . . 7 I o w a -18 K a n s -2 9 y ... a ... e ... d .. ass. ic h . in n . iss . .1 7 .3 4 .1 0 .2 1 . M o ... .1 3 M o n t . .4 3 N e b r . .3 5 N e v . . .4 6 N .H .. .1 2 N .J . . .1 1 N .M e x H N .Y .. 2 N . C . . .2 3 4 O h io . O r e g . .3 3 P a . .. 1 R . I . . . .1 4 S .C . . .2 8 T e n n . -2 0 T e x . . 26 U t a h . 38 V t . . . .1 5 V a. .1 6 W a s h . -3 9 3 5 W . V a .2 4 W is .. 9 .1 9 W y o . .4 5 .3 0 2 1 ,0 7 9 2 5 ,8 8 8 2 7 ,5 7 6 3 0 ,5 3 4 3 2 ,9 2 1 P er C e n t. S t a te . 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 88 37 38 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 7 5 ,0 0 0 3 7 ,9 1 0 4 5 ,0 8 8 5 1 ,1 6 9 14 13 12 5 1 ,2 5 9 5 1 ,9 5 2 5 3 ,8 8 0 5 4 ,2 2 1 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 5 4 ,9 2 9 5 7 ,1 7 4 6 3 ,3 1 4 6 3 ,5 7 5 8 0 ,7 4 9 8 7 ,7 5 0 9 9 ,8 5 8 1 0 0 ,4 7 6 1 0 6 ,0 8 5 1 1 8 ,2 3 2 1 3 1 .7 7 0 1 N N L A .M e x e v ... a .... r iz . . M is s . . D a k. .. D N T A K .C eb e x rk an ... r .. ... ... s .- 1 .8 8 1.9 2 1.9 6 2 .1 2 A la . .. S .C . . . F la . . . C o lo . . N .C . . . U ta h . . : 5% o r 1 H o rse-P o w e r t o 20 p e r s o n s . 3 .2 6 3 .3 2 3 .3 3 3 .3 4 G a .... K y .... I o w a .T e n n .W yo. . 3 .3 7 3 .6 3 \ a _ _ _ M o .... 3 .7 1 3 .7 2 3 .8 1 3 .8 3 4 .6 9 s . IN D E X . A l a . . .3 6 A r i z . .4 4 A r k . . .z a C a l . . .2 3 ( 'o l o . .8 3 C onn - 4 D a k . . .4 2 D e l. . . 8 D .C .. .4 1 F l a . . .3 4 G a . . . .3 0 I d a . . .2 0 i n . . . .2 1 I n d . . .1 6 I o w a . .2 8 K a n s . .3 7 K y . . . .2 9 L a . . . .4 5 M e ... 6 M d . . .1 9 M ass. 5 M ic h . 9 M in n . .1 5 M is s . .4 3 M o . . . .2 4 M o n t . .2 2 N e b r . .4 0 N e v . . .4 6 N .H .. . 1 N .J . . .1 1 N N N O .M e x 47 . Y . . 10 . C . . .3 2 h io . .1 2 O r e g . .1 4 P a ... 7 R .I .. 2 S .C . . .3 5 T e n n . .2 7 T e x . . .3 9 U ta h . .3 1 lY t . . . 3 V a . . . 25 W a sh -IS K E Y U n d er IX IX an d u n d er 3X W . V a .1 7 W i s . . .1 3 W y o .. .2 6 ZX ” ” 5^0 » •• " 10 X •• » 5# » 7# C a l. .. M o n t. 1 1 1 ........... Id a . .. M d. .. W 0 8 h .W .V a . In d . .. 6 .1 3 6 .6 6 M in n .. O r e g .. W is ... 15 # 2 .0 ^ o 1 5 X a n d o v e r ---------- O h io .. N .J . . . N .Y ... M ic h .. D e l. . . P a .. .. M e .... M a s s .. C o n n .. v t . ... R .I — N .H ... 4 U STEAM POWER. s c a l e 2 .1 8 2 .6 0 2 .6 5 2 .9 9 3 .2 2 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 4 4 ,2 8 8 1 6 4 ,7 4 7 2 6 1 ,1 4 3 3 0 9 ,7 5 9 4 5 4 ,1 4 3 5 1 2 ,4 0 8 ------- m 1 .1 4 1 .1 5 1 .2 1 1 .3 1 1 .6 3 1 .6 5 1 .7 7 1 7 5 ,0 0 0 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 2 5 ,0 0 0 2 5 0 .0 0 0 2 7 5 ,0 0 0 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 2 5 ,0 0 0 3 5 0 ,0 0 0 3 7 5 ,0 0 0 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 4 2 5 ,0 0 0 4 5 0 ,0 0 0 4 7 5 ,0 0 0 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 5 2 5 ,0 0 0 > > Ratio to Total Population. (B a se d o n th e R e tu rn s o f th e T e n th C e n s u s .) A l a . . .2 5 A r i z . .4 7 A r k . . .2 8 C a l . . .1 8 C o l o . .3 6 C o n n -11 D a k . . .4 0 Total Steam-Power. R an k S t a te . 47 46 45 A r iz . . N .M e x M o n t. . Id a . .. N e v ... W yo. . H orn P o w e r. S C A L E : 2 5 ,0 0 0 H o r s e - P o w e r 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 U ta h . . D a k ... D .C ... N e b r .. W a s h .L lo lo . . O r e g .. F la . . . D e l. . . V t. . .. L a. ... S .C . . . K a n s .. A r k ... M is s . . N .C ... A la . .. N .I I ... V a .... M e .... G a .... M in n .. T e x ... C a l. . . W . V a. M d . .. T e n n .I o w a .R .I — K y .... C o n n .W is ... M o .... N .J . . . 370 427 544 D e l. . D .C .. F la .. G a ... I d a .. 1 1 1. . . 546 608 717 1 ,1 5 4 1 ,4 2 1 2 ,2 6 3 2 ,9 9 9 3 ,2 1 0 3 ,9 5 3 4 ,3 3 4 6 ,2 0 8 1 0 ,6 4 3 1 1 ,0 8 8 1 1 .2 5 6 1 1 ,9 9 5 5 0 ,0 0 0 In d . . Io w a K an s K L M M M M M M y .a ... e ... d .. ass. ic h . in n is s . 1 3 ,4 6 8 1 3 ,7 0 9 1 5 .0 0 1 1 5 ,0 2 5 M o ... 9 M o n t . .4 5 N e b r . .3 8 N e v . .4 3 N . I I . . .2 4 N .J .. 8 N . M e x 46 -8 8 N . Y . . .8 9 N . C . . .3 4 O h i o . .2 1 O re g . .4 4 P a . . . . 6 R .I ... 7 S .C . . -14 T e n n . -2 9 T e x . . . 1 2 U ta h . .3 1 V t . . . .2 2 V a . . . .1 6 W a sh 0 26 3 .3 5 1 .1 3 .3 0 .1 5 .1 9 .4 1 .3 2 23 -3 7 . 4 W . V a .1 7 . 5 W is .. .1 0 . 2 0 W y o . .4 2 .2 7 7 5 ,0 0 0 1 5 ,7 7 9 1 8 ,5 9 5 1 9 ,7 1 0 2 0 ,7 5 9 2 1 ,1 0 2 2 5 ,1 9 1 2 8 ,0 2 6 2 8 ,0 7 1 2 8 ,4 5 6 3 3 ,2 1 6 3 3 ,3 8 8 3 -3 ,8 5 8 4 1 ,3 3 5 5 7 ,0 2 7 36 35 84 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 .3 6 .6 6 .8 0 .9 1 .9 8 1 .0 5 41 40 89 N .C ... 1 .0 7 1 .2 0 1 .2 1 1 .2 5 88 87 36 35 84 83 32 81 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 L a. ... S .C . . . A la . . . D .C ... V a .... M is s . . K a n s .G a .... M o n t. . Id a . .. A r k ... T e x ... C o lo . . I o w a .T e n n .F la . .. O r e g .. K y .... M e .... M in n .. C a l. . . V t .... M o .... W yo. . M d .,., I l l ............ W a sh . W .V a . W i s . .N .Y ... N .I I ... In d . .. N .J ... 7 A 5 4 3 2 O h io .. D e l. . . P a .... M a s s .. R .I .... M ic h .. Conn. - D C ... N .M e x F la . .. M o n t.. Id a . .. W a s h .C o lo .- iA r k ... T e x ... M is s . . U ta h .. D e l. . . C a l. . . N e b r .. Iv a n s .M o .... K y . .. O r e g .. W .v a . A la . .. S .C . . . I l l ............ M d . .. T e n n .I o w a .In d . .. R .I . . . N .J ... M N G M V in n .. .C ... a .... ic h .. a .... 5% o r 1 H o rse-P o w e r t o 20 p e r s o n s . 1 .3 7 1 .3 9 1 .6 7 1 .7 1 1 .7 7 2 .0 3 2 .0 8 2 .1 6 2 .3 0 2 .4 8 2 .7 9 3 .2 0 3 .2 3 3 .2 5 3 .8 4 3 .3 5 3 .4 5 3 .5 5 F la . . G a ... Id a . . i n . .. In d . . Io w a K an s K y ... L M M M M M M a ... e ... d. . ass. ic h . in n . iss . .2 5 .3 3 .3 1 .1 5 . 9 O h io . - 7 O r e g . .2-4 P a ... 8 R .I . . 1 S .C . . 39 -2 7 T e n n -2 6 -3 4 T e x . . .2 9 .2 3 U ta h . .4 5 .1 9 -4 0 . V t — .2 2 V a . . . .3 6 . 1 6 W a s h -14 . 2 W . V a -13 . 5 W is .. .1 2 .2 1 W y o . .1 7 .3 5 1 20 # 4 .1 2 4 .2 7 4 .6 0 4 .6 2 4 .6 2 5 .3 6 5 .5 6 6 .4 4 6 .9 6 7 .2 6 7 .9 6 9 .1 6 9 .3 9 9 .6 1 1 4 .9 5 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 - 5 ,0 0 0 H orse P o w e r. 38 90 10 8 16 0 803 880 932 939 954 1 ,1 3 6 1 ,1 8 5 1 ,8 4 9 2 ,0 2 4 2 ,5 0 8 3 ,4 4 9 3 ,5 3 5 4 ,7 8 5 4 ,8 5 0 5 ,4 9 5 7 ,6 1 1 8 ,1 6 2 9 ,0 1 2 9 ,2 5 5 9 .4 5 4 1 1 .7 9 7 1 3 .8 7 3 1 7 ,4 4 5 1 8 ,0 4 3 1 8 ,5 6 4 2 0 ,3 6 3 2 1 .8 1 0 2 2 ,2 4 0 2 7 ,0 6 6 2 8 ,6 8 9 3 0 ,0 6 3 3 0 .0 6 7 3 4 ,3 9 5 O h i o . - 3 S .6 4 1 W is ... 4 5 .3 5 6 V t .... 5 2 .2 2 6 C on n. 6 1 .2 0 5 N .I I .- 6 9 ,1 5 5 M e .... 7 9 ,7 1 7 P a . . . . 1 1 0 ,2 7 6 M a s s . . 13 8 ,3 6 2 N . Y . . . 2 1 9 ,3 4 8 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 2 5 ,0 0 0 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 2 7 5 ,0 0 0 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 M ass. ■ 3 2 5 ,0 0 0 3 5 0 ,0 0 0 3 7 5 ,0 0 0 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 405000 fit a t a i Ratio to Total Population. R an k S C A L E : 2 5 ,0 0 0 H o r s e - P o w e r W yo. . L a .... N e v ... A r iz .. D a k ... S C A L E : 1 .2 7 1 .3 0 1 .3 3 1 .3 5 in .. . . M le h .. M a s s .. O h io . . N .Y ... P a . . . . 4 0 2 ,1 3 2 S t a te . IN D E X . A l a . . .3 8 M o . . . .1 8 A r i z . .4 4 M o n t . .3 2 A r k . . .3 0 N e b r . .4 6 C a l . . .2 0 N e v . . .4 3 C o l o . .2 8 N . H . . .1 0 C on n - 4 N .J .. 8 D a k . . .4 2 N . M e x 4 7 D e l. . 6 ,N .Y .. .1 1 D C . . - 3 7 | N .C - .4 1 7 2 .7 9 2 In d . Total Water-Power. 37 N .M e x N e b r .. U ta h .. A r iz . . N e v .. D a k. .. 1 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 - € 1 ^ 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 47 46 45 44 43 42 11 10 9 8 (B a se d o n th e R e tu rn s o f th e T e n t h C e n s u s .) 47 S t a te . 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 WATER POWER. R an k P er C e n t. R an k IN D E X . 5 0 ,0 0 0 IN D E X . A l a . . .2 3 M o . . . 2 7 A r i z . .4 4 M o n t . .3 9 A r k . . . 3 5 N e b r . 29 C a l . . .3 0 N e v . . .4 5 C o lo . .3 6 N . H . . 5 Conn. 6 N .J . . .1 5 I ) a k . . .4 3 N .M e x 41 D e l. . -3 1 N . Y . . 1 D . C . . .4 2 N . C . - .1 3 F l a . . .4 0 O h io . 9 G a . . . - I S i O r e g . -2 5 I d a . . .3 8 P a . . . 3 I I I . . . .2 1 R .I . . .1 6 I n d . . . 1 7 S .C . . .2 2 I o w a -18 T e n n -19 K a n s . .2 8 T e x . . .3 4 K y . . . .2 6 U ta h . .3 2 L a . . . .4 6 jV t.. . . 7 M e . . . . 4 ! V a . . . -10 M d . . . 2 0 W a s h -3 7 . M a s s . 2 W . V a .2 4 M ic h . - lllW is .8 M i n n - 1 4 W y o . .4 7 M is s . .3 3 7 5 ,0 0 0 S ta te . 47 46 45 L a .... T e x ... N e v ... W yo. . A r k ... M iss . . 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 F la . M o. .. A r iz . . D .C ... K y .... C a l.. . 111. . . . D a k ... K a n s .N .M e x A la ... C o lo . . In d . .. T e n n .O h io .. N e b r .Io w a . S .C . . . W .V a . W a s h .M G M N N M d. .. a .... ic h .. .C ... .J .. . o n t.- 10 U ta h . . V a .... P a. ... D e l. . . W is ... Id a . .. 9 8 M in n .N .Y ... 7 O r e g .. M a s s .. R .I . . . C o n n .. M e .... 11 10 0 6 5 4 3 2 1 V t. — N .H ... P er C e n t. < ---------m M .0 1 .1 5 .1 7 .1 8 .2 5 .3 0 .3 5 .3 8 .4 0 .5 0 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 9 .7 5 .7 8 .9 3 .9 5 1 .1 0 1 .2 0 1 .2 1 1 .2 1 1 .2 5 1 .3 9 1 .5 3 IN D E X , Ala. . . 3 1 M o . . . . 40 A r i z . .3 0 M o n t . A S Ark.. S C A L E : 5% o r 1 H o rse-P o w e r t o 20 p e r s o n s . 48 C a l . . .3 0 C o lo . 3 0 C on n. D a k -. D e l. . D .C .. F la . . 41 G a . . . .2 0 Id a . 10 N e b r . .2 6 N e v — 45 N .H ... 1 N .J . ..1 7 N .M e x 32 N .Y ... 8 N .C ...1 8 O h io . .2 7 O reg . - 7 P a . ...1 3 35 R .I .... 5 111— . I n d . . 29 S .C . ..2 4 I o w a . 2 5 T e n n .- 2 8 K a n s . -3 3 T e x . . .4 6 U ta h . . 15 K y - L a. V t .. .. 2 M e ... Y a — 14 M d. W a s h .- 2 2 M M M M ass. W .Y a .2 3 ic h . W is — 11 in n . . 9 W yo. 44 i s s . .4 2 1 K E Y U n d erIX I X a n d u n d e r 3 % ___ zx » .. W „ „ IX 1 .5 8 1 .9 3 1 .9 5 2 .1 0 2 .1 5 2 .3 9 2 .4 4 2 .4 6 2 .4 8 2 .5 3 3 .2 6 3 .4 4 3 .4 8 » „ 10 # v •* 15 # a n d o ver. 3 .6 7 4 .3 2 5 .3 0 7 .7 6 8 .0 4 9 .8 3 1 2 .2 8 1 5 .7 2 1 9 .9 3 C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SO NS. ZMZ^USTTTIF'^OT T J R E S P late 138 RATIO OF STEAM TO TOTAL POWER. (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Ratio by States, s c a l e Rank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 Horse Power. : v t .... 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 5% 20* 15* 25* 30* M e.... N.IL-. Utah. _ N.Mex Oreg.. Ida. .. N .C ... V a .... Nebr.. Mont.. G a .... S.C. .. Minn.. Conn.N .Y ... Mass.. A la ... W is... Iowa.Kans.Bak..‘ Tenn.Md. .. R.I— Colo. . Del. .. Ariz. . D.C... N.J. .. 35* 40* 45* 50* IN D E X . IAla. . .30M o .... 4 Ariz. .20 Mont..2,7 iArk.. . 6 Nebr..38 ICal. . 8 N e v ...10 IColo, .22 N.H...45 iConn. N.J. ..18 Dak... N.Mex 43 Del. .. N.Y...32 D.C... N.C— 40 Fla. .. Ohio. . 9 Ga___ Oreg. .42 Ida. .. Pa-----15 1 1 1 .. . R.I---- 23 In d .. -12 S.C. ..35 Iowa. -28 Tenn.-25 'Ivans. •27.T e x ... 3 K y - .11 Utah. .44 L a ... . l Vt. ...47 Me... .46: Va_ 39 _ Md .24 Wash.•A'! Mass. .31 W.Va. 16 Mich. .14 W is ...29 Minn .34\Wyo... 2 Miss. -131 Wash.- W.Va. Pa. .. . Mich.. Miss. . Ind. .. K y .... Nev... Ohio. . 8 Cal. .. 7 F la.. . 6 Ark... 5 Ill___ 4 iMo___ 3 T ex... 2 Wyo. . 1 ILa. ... m 85.20 85.27 87.14 87.91 89.89 Ratio of W A TER -PO W ER RATIO OF WATER TO TOTAL POWER (Based on the Returns o f the Tenth Census.) Ratio by States, R ank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 as 87 S 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 La. .. . Wyo... T e x ... M o.... Ill___ A rk... F la.. . Cal.. . Ohio. . N ev... K y .... Ind. .. Miss. . Mich.. P a.. . . W.Va. Wash.N .J ... D.C... Ariz. . Del. C olo.. R .I.... Md. .. Tenn.. Kans.. Dak... Iowa.W is... Ala. .. Mass.. N .Y ... Conn.. Minn.. S.C. . . G a... . Mont. . Nebr.. V a .... N .C... Ida. .. O reg.. N Hex U<„a.. N.U... M e... Vt. .. . Horse Power. 0.79 5.03 8.21 10.11 12.09 12.86 13.14 14.73 14.80 15.08 16.55 18.69 20.88 21.52 24.94 26.96 27.10 28.00 30.19 31.02 31.87 34.98 35.20 35.73 36.11 36.11 37.56 42.75 44.67 58.76 66.68 75.39 78.81 INCREASE OF POWER, 1870 TO 1880. (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) S C A L E : Rank State. 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 89 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Pop. 46.5 Nev... N.IL-. 9.C V a .-.. 23.4 Vt. ... 0.5 M e.... 3.5 Ind. .. 17.7 Ga. .. 30.2 N .Y... 15.S N.C... 30.6 Tenn.- 22.5 Iowa.- 36.C W.Va. 39. S 24.ii Ky— P a .... 21.6 U .S ... 30.1 Cal. — 54.2 M o.... 25.S A la ... 26.6 Conn.- 15.8 Miss. . 36.6 N.Mex 30.1 Ohio. . 19.S R.I— 27.2 M ich38.2 Wash.- 213.5 M d . .. . 19.7 Oreg.. 92.2 W is... 24.7 D.C... 34.8 L a .... 29.3 Ill Mass.. 22.3 N.J. .. 24.8 S.C. .. 41.0 Mont.. 90.1 Del. .. 17,2 Utah.. 65.8 Fla. .. 43.5 A rk... 65.6 Wyo. . 127.9 T ex ... 94.4 Nebr.. 267.8 Kans.- 173.3 Colo. . 387.4 Minn.. 77.5 Ida. .. 117.4 Ariz. . 318.7 Dak... 853.2 25* H. P. Loss. 13.& 5 15.24 23.37 26.27 81.29 33.80 .35.82 36.00 36.78 38.82 45.38 45.47 47.06 47.10 47.93 49.18 49.80 51.27 55.64 55.69 s c a l e Industry Increase of Power and of Population, 1870 to 1880. PerCt. of Increase Total Power Employed in Thirteen Special Industries, 1880. IN D E X , -31-Ky-----35 N.C. -.39 . 2 La. ...19 Ohio-27 .10 Me___ 43 Oreg. .22 J>id.._.23 Pa___ 34 . 5 Mass. .17 R. .30,Mich. .25 S. C. ..15 . 1 Minn.. 4 Tenn..38 .13 Miss. .: T e x ... 8 .20 -Mo. .11 Mont. .14 Vt. . '.‘.44 .41 Nebr.. 7 V a .. ..45 . 3 Nev. ..47 Wash.-24 .18 N.H...46 W. Va.36 .42 N.J. ..16 Wis. - .21 .37 V. Mex 28 Wyo. . 9 . 6 N .Y ...40 F e lt g o o d s . W o o l h a ts .. S a lt. ____________ S i l k a n d s i l k g o o d s .......... C a r p e t s ........................................ H o s ie r y a n d k n i t g o o d s W o r s t e d g o o d s ...................... W o o l e n g o o d s ....................... P a p e r ............................................. C o t t o n g o o d s ......................... I r o n a n d s t e e l ....................... F lo u r in g a n d g r is t- m ill p ro d u c ts L u m b er, saw ed 1,141 672 108 1,5 6 2 2,15 1 5,4 9 2 6.3 0 2 5 3 ,6 1 0 87,611 14 8 ,7 5 4 1 6 ,5 0 6 46 9,98 7 2 7 8 ,6 8 6 1,4 9 0 3,32C 8.36 8 7 ,2 4 8 8 ,3 4 0 6,0 6 9 10 ,1 3 5 5 2 ,8 9 7 36 ,3 01 12 6 ,7 5 0 380,741 30 1 ,2 1 4 5 4 3 ,2 4 2 : 100,000 'Horse-Power. Total H. P. 200,000 2,63 1 3 ,9 9 2 8 ,4 7 6 8 ,8 1 0 10,491 11,561 16,437 10 6,50 7 12 3 ,9 1 2 27 5 .5 0 4 39 7,24 7 771,201 8 2 1 ,9 2 8 300,000 400,000 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 600,000 700,000 800,000 I__________ 26 of Power Employed in Eight Special Increase Industries, 1870 to 1880. S C A L E : 25* Per Cent. Industry 50* 75* IO O * 150* 2 5 .1 5 2 8 .0 9 F lo u r in g a n d g r is t- m ill p r o d u c ts 3 3 .7 3 C o t t o n g o o d s .............. 8 8 .6 5 105.05 I r o n a n d s t e e l .......... 13 2.75 P a p e r .................................................... 13 2.84 S i l k a n d s i l k g o o d s ___ ___ 175* 20 0 * 225* 250* 275* 300* t ' KK 325* — i Total Power Available, per Hand Employed, in Eignt Special Industries, 1870 and 1880. s c a l e Industry 1870. J 1880. 0 .2 9 ' 0 .6 2 66.38 67.30 68.02 71.76 73.24 78.97 80.80 87.56 93.16 105.77 119.48 134.08 156.54 158.67 160.76 167.64 177.56 488.89 Water H. P. Steam H. P. 1 .4 9 2 .8 2 5 .0 7 5 .5 6 1 3 .2 0 Ratio of Steam to Total Power, in Eight Special Industries, 1870 and 1880, 0 .2 8 0 .8 7 2 .2 0 2 .9 7 4 .2 8 ' 9.871 : 1 Horse-Power. 1870. 1880. 2 1 .7 5 2 9 .2 6 3 2 .1 6 2 9 .3 0 39 .0 6 4 6 .0 1 W o rs te d 4 2 .1 9 , 6 1 .6 6 5 8 .7 1 L u m b e r , s a w e d .......................................... F lo u r in g a n d g r is t- m ill p r o d u c t s Industry P a p e r ......................................................................j F lo u r in g a n d g r is t- m ill p r o d u c ts C o t t o n g o o d s ..................................................1 8 2 .2 7 9 5 .8 4 g o o d s ............................................. IO O * ( C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S. XIII. M iscellaneous. IN D E X TO C A R R IA G E G O L D .. ................................................... Plate 139 M in in g R e g io n s . P r o d u c t, P e r Capita. T ota l G old a n d S ilv e r P r o d u c t o f G old an d S ilv e r P r o d u c t 1 8 4 6 —1 8 8 0 . G old an d S ilv e r D e p o s ite d in S IL V E R . PLATES. P ro d u ct. th e W o r l d , 18 8 0 . o f th e U n ite d States, C A R R IA G E M in t a n d A s s a y O ffices. S A L T ............. Plate 142 N E W S P A P E R S A N D P E R I O D I C A L S . . Plates 148-149 P u b lica tio n s, T o t a l; W e e k l y ; D a ily . P u b lica tio n s C lassified. C ircu la tion , T o ta l; T o ta l e x c e p t o f D a ilie s; D aily. R e tro sp e ct, 1 8 6 0 —1 8 8 0 . T ota l P ro d u ct. F I S H E R I E S , G E N E R A L ; O Y S T E R ; S E A L . Plate 143 T o ta l P ro d u ct. G E N E R A L S U M M A R Y , BY T O T A L S .......... Plate 150 F I S H E R I E S , M E N H A D E N ; W H A L E ......... Plate 144 H a n k o f S tates in T e n P r in c ip a l F eatu res. P ro d u ct, P e r Capita. T ota l P ro d u ct. P r o d u c t o f th e U n ited States. W h a li n g G rou n d s, P resen t a n d A b a n d o n e d . M in in g . — The aggregate value of the 147 G o v e rn m e n t L a n d G rants. R a ilw a y M ile a g e , b y States. T ota l M ile a g e , 1 8 3 0 —1 8 8 0 . R a ilw a y M ile a g e o f th e W 'o r ld . R a tio o f A r e a to M ile a g e , b y States. Iron a n d S teel B ars, P r o d u c t; Im p o rt; C o n s u m p tion. M in in g R e g io n s . P ro d u c t, P e r C apita. T ota l P rod u ct. A n th ra cite , T ota l P ro d u ct, 1 8 2 0 —18 8 0 . P ric e -C h a r t, 1 8 2 6 —18 8 0 . T ota l O u t-P u t, 18 8 0 . P ro d u ct, P e r Capita. 146 R A IL W A Y S ............................................... Plate C O A L ......................................................Plate 141 M in in g R e g io n s . P ro d u ct, P e r Capita. BY W A T E R ............................ Plate S tea m Craft, E a rn in g s , P e r C a p ita ; T otal. W a t e r Craft, T o n n a g e a n d V a lu e. Canals, In c o m e P e r C a p ita ; T otal. C anal R o u te s. M in in g R e g io n s . P r o d u c t, P e r Capita. T ota l P ro d u ct. C o p p e r Ingots, P r o d u c t b y States. LEAD ORE. 145 R a ilw a y E a rn in g s, P e r C a p ita ; T otal. A n a ly sis o f E a r n in g s a n d E x p e n s e s . A ssets a n d L ia b ilities, P e r M ile. R o llin g S to ck . P rofits. B a la n c e -S h e e t. C O P P E R .......... ...................... Plate 140 IR O N O R E . BY R A I L . . . ............................ Plate These G E N E R A L S U M M A R Y , BY R A T I O S ...........Plate 151 R a n k o f State, in T e n P r in c ip a l F eatu res. figures are not, however, above are here considered together. product in 1880 of all branches of the mining in criticism. dustry, excluding petroleum, was $223,505,018, are certainly far too low, inasmuch as none The following tables present estimates, by as stated by the Census. of the Western states or territories are credited different authorities, of the gold and silver one-tenth of the product of agriculture, and one- with any production. During the census year production during the calendar year 1880, the twenty-fourth of the gross product of manufac it is estimated that Colorado produced not fiscal year ending June 30, 1880, and the census tures. The following table presents the amount less than 35,674 net tons; Utah 15,000; and year ending June 1, 1880: and value of each of the principal mineral pro Nevada 16,659 tons, while the product of other P ro d u c tio n This is only about ductions, as returned by the Tenth Census: M IN E R A L PR O D U CT S. Those of the production of lead two metals are generally found associated, they Western states and territories cannot have been less than 10,000 tons additional. A m o u n t . of Y e a r 1880, th e P recious M e t a l s a s r e po r t e d b y in C alendar th e J. J. V a l e n t in e , of W e lls , F a r g o & Co. A lto V a l u e . T o t a l gether, fully 77,000 net tons, or 154,000,000 G o ld ....................................... .... $33,609,663(2 . . . . 4 i , i 7°, 957tf thus nearly doubling the amount given in the Bituminous coal (net tons).. 42,776,624 53,520,173 Anthracite coal 28,649,812 42,196,678 a n d S il v e r . pounds, should be added to the lead product, Silver...................................... G o l d “ Petroleum (barrels).............. 24,235,081 Iron ore (net tons)................ 7,974,706 23, 156,957 Copper (pounds).................. 54,172,017 9,458,434 — Several items here in cluded exceeded individually the total value 0 3 i , 6 2 i 1,059,641 Washington. 105,164 Idaho.......... . 1,894,647 Montana.. . . . 3,8 22,379 Colorado.. . . 21,284,989 4,829,566 would place New Mexico. 711,300 3, 387,444 $40,000,000. Arizona........ 4,472.47 i Dakota........ 4,123,081 7, 935,140 Zinc “ .................. 62,681,459 4,240,006 Salt (bushels)........................ 29,805,298 a. greatly understated. , <,450,953 5 162,938,105 .... The value of minor minerals is certainly 5 U tah............ .................. Total.............................. Oregon. . . . . i A close estimate of all minor minerals “ — Nevada.......... $1 8 ,2 76 ,16 6 given. Lead Minor minerals...................... table. California. . . their value at not far from $223,505,0x8 Including estimated hoarded specimens, souvenirs, etc. G o ld a n d S ilver. — Inasmuch as these Total $77,232,512 SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS. C ll These figures include lead to the value of The data for the estimate of the Director product of the state, but the large yield of the $5,742,390, and copper to the value of $898,000. of the Mint were collected by agents scattered Bodie district put the vein mines nearly on a Deducting these amounts the value of gold through the country, who visited the principal par with placers. and silver becomes, according to this estimate, mines and smelting works, and supplemented the following counties: Amador, Calaveras, $70,592,122. the results thus obtained by estimates of the Mono, Nevada, Plumas, Shasta, Siskiyou and amounts produced in a small way. Tuolumne. P r o d u c t io n YEAR of t h e ENDING P r e c io u s M e t a l s d u r in g t h e F is c a l 30, 1880, AS ESTIMATED BY THE JUNE D ir e c t o r o f t h e U n it e d S t a t e s M i n t . STATES. G o l d . The third estimate, that by the Census office, is the result of an attempt to get at the S il v e r . T o t a l . The principal yield is from The production of silver is com paratively small, and comes mainly from the two counties of Inyo and Mono. production by a canvass, either by personal The business of mining is in a somewhat visitation or by circular, of all the mines in the more favorable position in California than in country. It could scarcely be expected that the other states and territories of the Cordilleran Alaska .......................... $6,000 .... Arizona...................... 400,000 $2,000,000 2,400,000 California.................. 17,500,000 1,100,000 18,600,000 such an attempt would be crowned with com region, because of the relative cheapness of Colorado................... 3,200,000 17,000,000 20,200,000 plete success. labor, fuel and transportation. D akota...................... 3,600,000 70,000 3,670,000 Georgia...................... 120,000 Idaho ........................ 1,980,000 450,000 Montana.................... 2,400,000 Nevada...................... $6,000 Not only would there be, These advant inevitably, a number of small mines and work ages enable lower grades of ore to be mined, 2,430,000 ings which would escape notice, the product of smelted and shipped than elsewhere. 2,500,000 . 4,900,0°° which, though individually small, would form with the exception of a few large companies, 4,800,000 10,900,000 15,700,000 in the aggregate a large amount, but since the the mines are mainly in the hands of individual New Mexico.............. 130,000 425,000 555,o°o North Carolina.......... 95,000 information sought is that most sedulously owners, a great many of whom are working Oregon....................... 1,090,000 1,105,000 concealed by mine-owners, the results could them in a small way. South Carolina........... 15,000 15,000 not be expected to possess the highest degree U tah ............................ 210,000 .... 120,000 — 95,000 15,000 — 4,740,000 4,950,000 of reliability. In view of its difficulty, the con Hence, O f the total gold product in the United States, California furnishes 51.38 per cent., Virginia...................... 10,000 Washington................. 410,000 W yom ing ................... 20,000 — 20,000 Other states.............. 14,000 .... 14,000 The maximum annual production of gold, $75,200,000 in the interval between 1850 and 1880,* was California furnishes only a little over 2 per $65,000,000, reached in 1853, at the height of cent. the California excitement. first in the production of gold; while in pro T otal ................. $36,000,000 P ro du c tio n en d in g of th e — 10,000 $39,200,000 P recious M e t a l s J u n e 30, 1880, as 410,000 .... d u rin g R e po rt ed by th e th e Y ear T en th C ensus . siderable degree of success which attended this comprising 71.47 per cent, of the product from investigation attests its able management. placer mines, and over 40 per cent, of that A second maximum from vein mines. O f the total silver product In proportion to its area, this state ranks of $53,500,000 in 1866, was produced by the ST A TE S. G o l d . S il v e r . T o t a l . portion out-put of the Comstock mines. development of agricultural and manufacturing Following this there was a general falling off in production Alabama ..................... Alaska .......................... .... $1,301 until, in 1875, a minimum of $33,500,000 was to population, owing to the great interests in the state, it ranks fifth. Nevada.— The mining interests of Nevada $51 6,002 Arizona ........................ 5,951 2 n , 965 2,325,825 2, 537, 79° California ................... 17,150,941 1,150,887 18,301,828 temporary rise, giving a third maximum of is the prosperity of the state. Colorado.................... 2,699,898 l6 , 549,274 19,249,172 $51,000,000 in 1878, was followed by a reduc duction of the Comstock has greatly decreased, D akota...................... 3, 305,843 70,813 3,376,656 Georgia...................... 81,029 81,361 tion, in 1880, to a less product than the former so that, from holding the first place from 1871 332 Idaho.......................... 1,479,653 464,55° 1,944,203 minimum of 1875. to 1879 as a producer of the precious metals, M aine........................ 2,999 7,200 10,199 The silver product first became important in 25,858 25,858 1861, when the Comstock lode began to produce. product of the Comstock lode in 1876 was of The amount has since steadily increased, the gold, $18,002,906; of silver, $20,570,078; a total falling off in the product of Comstock between of $38,572,984. M ichigan.................. .... reached. The bonanza in the Comstock, a center in the Comstock lode, whose prosperity Latterly the pro Nevada fell in 1880 to the third place. The Montana.................... 1,805,767 2,905,068 4, 7i °,835 Nevada...................... 4,888,242 12,430,667 17,3x8,909 New Hampshire. . . . 10,999 16,000 26,999 New Mexico ............... 49,354 392,337 441,691 1870 and 1880, having been more than made declined to $6,922,330, of which $3,109,156 was North Carolina ......... “ 8,953 140 119,093 up by the discovery of the Leadville deposits. gold and $3,813,174 was silver, this being a Oregon ........................ 1,097,701 27,793 i , i 25,494 South Carolina........... 13,040 Below is presented a resume of the pro 56 13,096 T ennessee.................. 1,998 U tah ............................ 291,587 Virginia ....................... 9,32i Washington ............... 135,800 W yom ing ................... U , 32i .... 4, 743,o 87 1,998 5,034,674 duction of the precious metals in the principal mining states and territories of the W e s t: In 1880 its total product reduction of more than 82 per cent. In production per square mile of total area, Nevada holds the third rank. In proportion to 1,019 — California.— In annual out-put of gold population, however, owing to the fact that California still leads, as also in respect to the mining is still the prominent industry of the total out-put since 1849, when this state became state, and owing to the smallness of its popula the chief gold-producing district of the world. T otal ................. $ 33, 379,663 9, 32i 136,819 — tion, Nevada, notwithstanding its reduced out The production has been put, retained the first place in 1880, having a U , 32 i $41,110,957 $74,490,620 The discrepancies between the above tables of production can easily be explained. The mainly from the auriferous gravel beds, though a large amount product of $278.14 for each inhabitant. estimate of W ells, Fargo & Co., contained in is still obtained from quartz mines. Prior to Utah.— Silver forms the principal part of the circular of Mr. J. J. Valentine, was derived the development of the Bodie mines in the the precious metals produced in Utah, the mainly from the record of shipments of gold, eastern central part of the state, the placer production of gold being comparatively small. silver mines furnished two-thirds of the total gold The principal mines are located in the counties and bullion through this company, together with estimates of the amounts carried by other means of conveyance, and losses of various kinds. It is probable that these esti mates were not sufficiently large. of Summit, Washington, Salt Lake, Beaver, *See PI. 139, “ Estimated Gold and Silver Product of the United States, 1845-1880,” in which the figures are from Reports of the Director of the Mint, except as to 1880, for which year the Census figures are given. Tooele and Juab. The ores of Utah are excep tionally rich, and the mines are generally in the hands of large companies. The bullion product MISCELLANEO US. cm is remarkably steady, varying little from year greatest possible variety in character— from Georgia, but in few localities in paying quan to year. the typical fissure vein to blanket deposit, tities. segregated deposits, “ blow-outs,” and almost at the surface consist of disintegrated quartz in Arizona mainly consists of silver, the gold every other variety known to the miner. containing free gold, which at a slight depth product being only about 8 per cent, of the ores, too, are equally various total. The characteristic ores of Boulder county are amounts of silver have been found in Maine Pima and Yavapai, although Maricopa and Mo known as tellurides. and in New Hampshire. have countie's also produce a notable amount. hood of Central City and Black Hawk are iron O f the gold product of the world in 1880 the Idaho.— The production of precious metals and copper sulphurets, containing gold; while United States furnished 33.65 per cent., of the in Idaho is nearly equally divided between gold those about Georgetown, and in many other silver product 44.77 per cent., and of the total and silver. The principal producing mines are sections of the state are largely galena ores, out-put of precious metals 38.66 per cent. Other located in the counties of Owyhee, Lemhi, with some sulphuret of silver and free silver. portions of North America contributed 13.92 Boise and Alturas. O f the gold product, con The ores in the limited district about Leadville per cent, of the total product. siderably more than half is from the placers, present great variety, ranging from pure sand It is difficult to determine the extent to many o£ which continue to be worked at a carbonate to chlorides of silver and native which the country has been enriched directly profit. silver. by its mines of gold and silver. Arizona.— The product of precious metals The mines are mostly in the counties of Idaho furnishes 7.33 per cent, of the The in character. Those in the neighbor The production from placer mines in total placer out-put of the United States, and this state is trifling, being but little 4.43 of the total gold product. $100,000 annually. In the quantity over The deposits are mostly in veins, which are replaced by refractory sulphurets. Small (See Plate 139.) It has been estimated, however, by Mr. Albert Williams, Jr., that out of a total production of nearly $2,000,- of gold produced it ranks as sixth, and in that In the production of the precious metals, of silver as seventh among the mining states in proportion to area, Colorado has taken the been net profit. and territories. The yield of precious metals first rank; in proportion to population, how mining industry has moreover been incalculable in 1880 averaged $22.93 per square mile and ever, it ranks only third, owing to its large in the impetus given to the settlement and $59.62 per capita. agricultural, grazing and commercial interests. agricultural development of a large part of the 000,000, about 25 per cent., or $500,000,000, has The indirect benefit of the Oregon.— Oregon has at no time held a Dakota. — The production of precious Cordilleran region, which would otherwise, in leading place in the production of the precious metals in Dakota is limited to the Black Hills all probability, have remained long unimproved. metals, although gold was discovered in the and almost entirely to Lawrence county. state shortly after its discovery in California. deposits are of immense size, consisting of low C opper. — The The principal deposits are in the counties of grade gold quartz, which can be worked at a on to a greater or less extent in twenty-one Baker and Grant, those in the former county profit only by reason of its abundance and the of the states and territories, including Alaska. being quartz veins yielding free gold. cheapness of mining and transportation. O f the total product of 56,920,266 pounds in The product from the placer mines, discovered in various parts ol the territory, has been trifling. The Montana.— Owing mainly to want of mining of copper is carried 1880, four-fifths was mined in the upper penin transportation, the mining interests of Montana sula of Michigan. Colorado.— The mining history of this have not yet been developed largely, although total is shown on Plate 140. state has been one of singular interest, commenc it is well-known that the territory has abundant ing with the “ stampede” in 1859-1860, to the mineral resources. rich placers of South Park and California Gulch, 1880, the mines were contained in the following in 1844 on well followed by the discovery of the rebellious ores counties: Deer Lodge, Beaverhead, Madison, copper in seams, shreds and masses. of Central City and Black Hawk and of the Jefferson, Lewis and Clark. exceptions they were unsuccessful, and are not silver-lead ores about Georgetown. Lodge county produced more than two-thirds now in operation. the year after Colorado became a state, the the total product of the territory. mines which are now producing heavily and discovery of rich lead carbonates in fabulous mated quantities in the neighborhood o f Leadville, product was from placer mines. In 1877, gave another and unprecedented impetus to its mining interests. that So far as developed, in O f these Deer about one-fourth It is esti of the total The distribution of the The ore of the Lake Superior region is native copper. The first mines were opened defined veins, containing W ith few The ore of nearly all the profitably in this district, consists of a conglom erate rock, in which the copper is deposited in New Mexico.— During the years 1879 and metallic grains, making from 2 to 5 per cent., Since the first discovery 1880 the mineral deposits of New Mexico first by weight, of the rock. of gold in California there has been no period began to attract general attention, although abundant, is easily worked and, with the ample of so great and widespread mining excitement. many of them had long been worked by the facilities for hoisting and transporting it, is The state leaped almost at once to the first Mexicans, in a crude, unsystematic way, with handled in immense quantities. rank as a producer of the precious metals. considerable profit. lation consists simply of crushing, stamping, During the census year The ore is extremely The manipu The following counties are the principal the principal production was from Grant county; washing, melting and refining the product. producers: Lake, Gilpin, Clear Creek, Boulder, small amounts, also, being produced in the mine in this district known as the “ Calumet Park, Summit, Ouray and San Juan; while a counties of Santa Fe and Doha Ana. The and Hecla,” produces nearly 30 per cent, of number of other counties, will probably rival large areas of rich placer land in New Mexico the whole copper out-put of the United States. these in the near future. have been worked very little, owing to the Deposits of copper ore are widely distributed The most promising of these newer mining districts is undoubtedly One through Arizona, but mining is carried on scarcity of water. Gunnison county, from which the Indians have Eastern States.— The production of the successfully only in two or three localities. recently been removed, and in which a great precious metals in the Eastern states is not of The mine known as the “ Copper Q ueen” has number of extremely rich veins have been great importance. Gold and silver are found been producing heavily for several years. Cop located. upon the Atlantic plain in Maryland, Virginia, per is also produced in the Globe district, at North Pinal, and in the neighborhood of Tucson. The deposits of Colorado present the and South Carolina, Alabama and SCRIBNERS STATISTICAL ATLAS. C IV The second district comprises an area of duced by establishments, as distinguished from 6,700 square miles in the central part of the that produced in a small and sporadic w ay:* The ores of Arizona are almost exclusively carbonates and oxides. They are easily lower peninsula of Michigan. worked, but are not of high grade. The copper production of Montana is mainly from mines in the neighborhood of Butte, Deer Lodge county. They C oal P roduct. thin and weak in some places, and the coal is i88o.f 1870. not of the best quality. The third district extends over an area The ores are sul- phurets and are very rich in copper. The seams are 323,972 11,000 Alabama.................................... IA.778 second only to that of the Appalachian district, contain also small amounts of silver, sufficient and comprising over 47,000 square miles. to pay for its extraction. includes It nearly two-thirds of the state of 154,644 2,624,163 6, h 5,377 Indiana...................................... Illinois, a large part of western Indiana, and Illinois........................................ 1454,327 , 771,142 Iowa............................................ 437,870 263,487 States, as indicated by the area of its coal fields The extent of the fourth district is very Kansas...................................... .. 150,582 now known, constitutes about three-fourths of indefinite, its limits westward never having K entucky.................................. 32,938 946,288 Michigan.................................... 2,345,r5 3 28,150 2,228,917 Missouri...................... .’ ........... 621,930 556,304 C o al .— The supply of coal in the United the western portion of Kentucky. The following table, com been defined, although it is estimated to con piled mainly from “ Mineral Resources of the tain in the neighborhood of 70,000 square United States,” by Albert Williams, Jr., of miles. the United States Geological Survey, shows the and approximate area of the coal regions of the and the eastern portion of Kansas and Ne United States in comparison with those of braska. Maryland.................................... 1,461,116 the world’s supply. other countries: C O U N T R IE S . 100,800 It includes the western part of Iowa Missouri, and extends into Arkansas 224 Nebraska.................................... 200 1,425 2CO Ohio............................................ 6,008,595 2,527,285 43,205 Besides these districts, great areas of Colo Coal Area. Product in 1880. (Square Miles.) (Gross Tons.) Great Britain...................... 11,9 0 0 1 4 6 ,8 1 8 ,6 1 2 United States..................... 300,000 63,773,603 Germany............................ 1 ,7 7 0 5 2 ,0 4 7 ,8 3 2 Pennsylvania (anthracite)........ 15,648,437 28,640,819 rado, New Mexico, W yoming, Utah, California, Pennsylvania (bituminous)---- 7,800,386 18,425,163 Oregon and Washington are known to contain Rhode Island (anthracite). . . . 14,000 6,176 coal, varying in quality, from the best bitu Tennessee.................................. i 33 4i 8 , 495,131 minous variety to the poorest lignite. In France................................ 2,086 1 9 ,4 1 2 ,1 1 2 S10 16 ,8 6 6 ,6 9 8 duced from these deposits an excellent quality Austria................................ 1,800 16,50 0 ,0 0 0 of anthracite. India.................................. 2,004 4,000,000 Russia................................ 30,000 3 ,2 x 8 ,6 6 1 2,817 43>°79 61,803 Virginia (bituminous)............. limited areas, local volcanic action has pro Belgium.............................. Virginia (anthracite)................ 14^,01 < West Virginia............................ 1,839,845 608,878 580,505 The entire area underlaid by coal in the United States, exclusive of the Rocky mountain T otal.............................. 33,310,905 71,067,576 Anthracite.................................. Bituminous................................ 15,662,437 17,648,468 42,417,764 28,649,812 Australia............................ 24,840 1 ,5 7 1 ,7 3 6 Nova Scotia....................... 18,000 1 ,0 3 2 ,7 1 0 Japan.................................. 5,000 850,000 about 192,000 square miles. It is safe to esti Spain.................................. 3,501 The location of the principal coal mining 800,000 Total........................ .. mate the latter at upward of 100,000 square 4 0 1 ,4 0 1 3 2 6 ,8 9 1 ,9 6 4 regions in the different states and territories, is miles, making the total coal area of the country shown in general on Plate 141. approximately 300,000 square miles. summary defines somewhat more closely the The countries are arranged in the above table in the order of their total product. W hile the coal area of the United States is over and Pacific coast areas, has been estimated at This is f From returns of the T enth Census. The following about one-tenth the total area of the country, coal region of each state: exclusive of Alaska. Small tracts of anthracite in the northeastern Rhode Island.— twenty-five times as large as that of Great The anthracite coal field of Pennsylvania, corner, and on Aquidneck or Rhode Island. Britain, its annual product is less than half as from which nearly the entire anthracite product Pennsylvania.— A n area estimated at 12,770 great, and its production per square mile of is at present obtained, is situated mainly in the square miles, covering all of the state except coal lands is less than that of any European following counties: Lackawanna, Luzerne, Car twenty-four counties in the southeastern part country except Russia. bon, Schuylkill, and O f the various coal regions of the United Columbia, in the northwest corner. States, that of the Appalachian mountains is additional area in the counties of Susquehanna, end of the state, the most important bituminous the field now most largely worked, and prob W ayne and Lebanon, is now unproductive coal field of the country in proportion to its ably the one which, for many years to come, except in the first mentioned county. extent. will prove of the greatest value. It is known amount of anthracite stored in the deposit in tive, mainly in Tazewell and Russell counties. to cover an area of 875 miles in length, with a Pennsylvania is estimated by Mr. Albert W il N orth Carolina.— Small tracts in the central breadth ranging from 30 to 180 miles — the liams, Jr., at 25,000,000,000 tons. part, principally in Chatham and Moore coun total area being 58,265 square miles. It com had been mined up to the close of 1880— that ties. prises large parts of western Pennsylvania, is, within a period of sixty years— a little over three-fourths of the state; especially the region eastern Ohio, the western end of Maryland, a 400,000,000 tons, or about one-sixth of the of the Kanawha river, containing the thickest small area in Virginia, a large portion of W est whole deposit. A s the mining of anthracite bituminous coal beds of the Appalachian field, Virginia, of eastern Kentucky and Tennessee, is going on at a rapidly increasing rate, the and a second important region about the heads and the northeastern corner of Alabama. Much remaining five-sixths will be extracted in a of the Potomac the larger part of this area produces only the proportionally shorter period. rivers. area of anthracite comparatively small coal, which lies almost A county M aryland.— Alleghany county, near the western The and Sullivan. one small bituminous coal. Dauphin, Lebanon Northumberland, The O f this there The following table shows, by states and Virginia.— A small area now produc W est Virginia. — An area comprising (north branch) and Cheat Ohio.— The eastern and southeastern portions of the state, forming about one-third territories, the production of anthracite and entirely within the state of Pennsylvania, is bituminous coal in 1870 and 1880. worked to a much greater proportional extent. of this table represent only the amounts pro The figures * This occasions a discrepancy between the total of bituminous coal given here and that given in the table at the commencement of this chapter, which includes the entire product. MISCELLANEO US. o f its area. cv P etro leu m . — The history of the petroleum Illinois.— A n area of 18,864 square The product of the United States is second miles, including twenty-five coal mining coun only to that of Great Britain, having doubled in industry in this country, as a branch of mining ties. Indiana.— The western portion of the amount within the five years from 1876 to 1880, industry, dates from 1853. southern half of the state, forming about one- while Great Britain required twenty years to fifth of its area. increase its product in the same proportion. Iowa.— One-third of the state, The first flowing well, the “ Fountain,” was developed in 1861, yielding 300 barrels per Kentucky.— Iron ore is found in nearly every state of day. Others equally profitable followed in quick The region of the Cumberland plateau, in the the Union, and in twenty-two of them is mined succession, and the price of oil fell as low as eastern part, containing the largest supply of to a greater or less extent. ten cents per barrel. cannel coal in the country, and the western of the iron ore product of the United States in production amounted to over 3,000,000 barrels, central part of the state, adjoining the coal 1880 and 1870 was, according to the Census and during that year and the years following fields of Indiana and Illinois. reports, as follow s: the industry developed to an enormous extent. comprising the southeastern part. Tennessee.— About 51,000 square miles in the eastern part, capable of large production. Alabam a.— The 1880. 22,000,000 barrels. T o n s . Georgia.— A small area in the northwest corner. M issouri.— About 23.000 square miles, in the western part of the state. A rkansas.— An area of 12,000 square miles, producing semi-bituminous coal. Indian Territory. — Mines at Levaune and Lehigh, supplying the railroads which traverse the territory. Texas.— About 30,000 square miles in the northern and western parts of the state. Dakota.— A large area of undeveloped beds of more or less lignitic coal. Colorado.— An area estimated variously at from 20,000 to 50.000 square miles, containing bituminous coal of all varieties, with small deposits of During the year 1862 the The total production for 1865 amounted to 1870. ST A T E S . northern central portion of the state, an area of 5,330 square miles. The distribution Delaware.................. Georgia.................... K en tu ck y ................ M ain e...................... Maryland.................. Massachusetts.......... Michigan.................. M issouri.................. New Jersey.............. Hew York................ North Carolina........ Ohio.......................... Oregon...................... Pennsylvania............ Tennessee................ V erm ont.................. Virginia.................... West Virginia.......... Wisconsin................ Total................ V a l u e . l 84,IIO as,018 2,726 T o n s . V a l u e . clined in their production, owing to the great 147,799 6,553 120,692 72,705 33,522 88,930 3,600 $10,800 665 17,500 53,ooo 6,000 118,050 226,130 6,034,648 57,940 62,637 1,837,712 386,197 98,354 30,061 690,393 178,842 362,636 754,872 1,674,875 2,900,442 1, 239,759 3, 449 , r32 3,276 198,835 6,972 1,820,561 5,102 448,000 316,529 4,318,999 1,095,486 525,493 4,590 600,246 130,874 2,678,965 491,496 2,025,497 2,095,315 9,250 960,984 3,944,146 131,905 25,000 23,000 560 169,683 60,371 41,440 129,951 2,750 34,619 5,000 384,331 11,950 73,ooo 20,000 22,000 7,064,829 $20,470,756 3,395,718 $13,204,138 89,933 The free-flowing wells, however, soon de The distribution of the product for i860 was number of wells which were sunken over the limited area in which the oil was found. At the present time the producing localities are in the western part of the state of Pennsylvania, southwestern New York, northwestern W est Virginia, southeastern Ohio, northeastern K en tucky, and a small area in California, which, although gaining in its production, is not as yet of great importance. The oil region in Pennsylvania and New Y ork continues to be the principal producer. It has a length in a northeast and south west direction of about 160 miles, and is forty not reported by the census; its total amount miles broad at the center. Utah.— was 3,218,275 tons, with a value of $7,723,860. are scattered about the oil-producing localities Considerable areas in the northern part, along The small product of Indiana in 1880 was not in the following counties: Venango, Forest, the Union Pacific railroad, and in the southern included in the census statistics, nor that of Warren, McKean, Beaver and Butler counties, part. Alabama, Connecticut, Maine, Oregon and W est Pennsylvania, Virginia in 1870. York. anthracite.. A rizon a .— Several the Atlantic and mines along Pacific railroad. Idaho and Montana. — Large areas as yet little developed. Wyoming.— About 4,000 square miles, with largely productive mines and Within this area Alleghany county, New O f these the largest producer at present The principal iron mines of the country are is McKean county, Pennsylvania, after which at Carbon, Rock Spring and other points in the following localities: Northern Michigan follow Alleghany county, New York, and W ar along the Union Pacific railroad. California.— and Wisconsin, in the neighborhood of Lake ren and Forest counties, Pennsylvania, while small area, productive only near Monte Superior; the vicinity of Lake Champlain, in the others are of much less importance. A Diablo. Oregon.— Small areas in various parts New York; southeastern Missouri; northern Oil is now transported to the refining of the state, and productive mines only in the New Jersey, and Lebanon county, Pennsylvania. works and to market by means of pipe lines, neighborhood of Coos Bay. W ashington.— The ore of the Lake Superior district consists nearly all of which are under the control of Considerable deposits worked at Bellingham of a very pure hematite, ranging from a gran the Standard Oil Company, which practically B ay and near Seattle. ular to a slaty structure. monopolizes the business of refining the oil. It is very abundant, being obtained easily from open quarries, and The is either smelted where mined or at Marquette, measured, is run directly into the great tanks and steel in the principal countries of the or other ports on the lakes. The ores of of the company, and certificates to the amount, world, is shown in the following table:* the Lake Champlain district are largely specular known as “ pipe line certificates,” are issued to iron and hematite. the owners. Iron . — The COUNTRIES. production of iron ore, pig iron Year. Iron Ore. (Tons.) Year. Pig Iron. (Tons.) Year. Steel. (Tons.) Those of Pennsylvania are crude oil from the wells, after being In 1878 the statement published mainly limonite of a comparatively low grade, by the Pipe Line Company showed that it had and it is possible to work them profitably only in active operation nearly 2,000 miles of pipe, Great Britain.......... 1882 16,627,000 1882 8,493,287 1882 2,259,649 United States........ 1882 9,000,000 1882 4,623,323 1882 1,736,692 Germ any................ 1882 8,150,162 1882 3,170,957 1882 1,050,000 from the fact that the ore and the flux necessary with necessary appurtenances for repairing the France.................... 1882 3,500,000 1882 2,033,104 1882 453,783 for smelting are found in immediate juxtaposi lines. Belgium.................. 1882 250,000 1882 717,000 1882 200,000 Austria-Hungary.. 1881 1,050,000 1881 523,571 1882 225,000 tion to coal deposits. its lines, and a moderate estimate would place R ussia.................... 1880 1,023,883 1880 448,514 1880 307,382 Sw eden.................. 1881 826,254 1881 435,489 1882 52,234 Spain...................... 1882 5,000,000 1880 85,939 1873 1882 350,000 1882 25,000 1876 2,800 Other countries.. . . 1882 1,000,000 1882 100,000 1882 are similar to those of Pennsylvania. Those 216 Italy........................ The ores of New Jersey T o ta l.............. 46,777,299 20,656,184 20,000 6,307,756 *From “ Mineral Resources of the United States.”— Williams. Since that time it has greatly increased the mileage at 4,000— connecting some 20,000 of southeastern Missouri, located in the neigh wells with the market. borhood of Iron mountain and Pilot Knob, and storage amount to twenty cents per barrel. consist mainly of a rich hematite. The company does not insure the oil in its For additional statistics of iron see M anu factures , pages xcv-xcvi. The charges for piping hands, but all losses from accident or fire are divided up among the several owners of the oil. SCRIBNERS ST A TISTICAL A TLAS. CV1 galena and flint, and the mining. decade the principal lead-producing regions tons, and that of Nevada 16,659 tons, the deposit lies under a bed of limestone. of the United States were two in number: latter almost entirely from the Eureka silver production of this district is now so large as First, the upper Mississippi region, comprising mining district. to control the zinc market of the United States.. nearly 3,000 square miles, in northern Illinois, ville deposits, in 1877, Colorado became the southwestern Wisconsin largest producer of lead. and eastern Iowa; Its product in 1880 was 15,000 net associated with L e a d . — Prior to the opening of the last On the opening of the LeadIn 1880 the product S alt .— Salt The is made extensively in Michigan,, and, second, a much smaller but more pro was 35,674 net tons, nearly all of which was New York, W est Virginia ductive district in eastern Missouri, principally from the Leadville district. evaporation, mainly by in Washington Idaho small quantities of lead have been pro subterranean brines. duced in connection with silver mining. In the produced by the same means in Pennsylvania, The deposits of both these districts are of Appalachian region lead is produced in paying Utah (from the water of Great Salt Lake), galena, and consist of pockets and gash veins quantities only in Virginia and eastern Ten Virginia, Nevada, Texas, Kentucky, Kansas and in lower silurian limestone. They were worked nessee, the product, however, being small. W yoming, and is largely produced in Cali county, but extending into Jefferson and Franklin counties. In Montana and and Ohio by artificial heat, from T o a smaller extent it is fornia by the evaporation of sea water; and, to a small extent even in the last century, but were not largely developed until 1826, at which Z in c .— The time the production began to increase rapidly. United States, prior to 1873, was v e r y small. Between 1840 and 1848 the out-put from these In that year the production was reported to be mines was so heavy that a large amount of lead 7,343 net tons. In 1875, it was 15,833 net tons, duction of the country was derived from the was exported, but in 1850, in consequence of and in 1880, the Census Report placed the salt wells in Michigan and New York, from their comparative exhaustion, the importation product at 23,239 net tons. The imports of solar evaporation in California, and from the of lead was resumed, and has continued to be zinc amounted in 1872 to nearly 13,500 net mines of rock salt at Petite Anse, on the large until a very recent date. tons; but with the increase of the product in coast of Louisiana. regions produced jointly, during 1880, 27,690 this country, they fell off greatly. total product among the different states is net tons, of which only about one-eighth was importation did not exceed one-third that of from the upper Mississippi district. 1872, and in 1880, was but 4,454 net tons, The earliest production of salt on a large while the exports of domestic zinc amounted scale, from subterranean brines, was in W est to 744 tons. Virginia, on the Kanawha river, and in south These two In 1871 a third district in southwestern Missouri and southeastern Kansas began to amount of zinc produced in the In 1875, the during the census year, a small amount was made in Massachusetts in this way. During the census year, the principal pro The distribution of the shown on Plate 142. eastern Ohio, in the neighborhood of the Ohio be developed, and has gradually increased its The principal mines of zinc are in New Jer product, which in 1879, amounted to 22,625 sey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Wisconsin, Illinois, river. gross tons. Tennessee, Missouri and Kansas. Those of region is of low grade, and the product of the New Jersey are in the neighborhood of the New York and Michigan wells has gradually production in the United States from 1825 to town of Franklin, Sussex county. superseded W est Virginia salt in the market, the present date, in net tons:* are the red oxide, willamite and franklinite. The following table gives the annual lead The ores The deposits fill a space between limestone Y ear. N e t T ons . Y e ar . N e t T ons . Y ear. N e t T ons . walls, and are chimney-like in form. In Penn The brine from the springs of this except for merely local consumption. The New York salt springs are mainly in the Onondaga district, in the western part of 18 4 7 . . . . 28,000 1 8 6 4 ...• 15, 3 0 ° 1 8 3 0 .......... 8,000 18 4 8 ..:. 25,000 18 6 5 .... 1 4 ,7 0 0 1 8 3 1 ........... 7, 5 ° ° 1 8 4 9 ------ 2 3 ,5° ° 18 6 6 .... 16,10 0 1 8 3 2 .......... 10 ,0 0 0 1 8 5 0 ------ 22,000 1 8 6 7 ..... 15,200 1 8 3 3 .......... 11,0 0 0 1 8 5 1 .... 18 ,500 18 6 8 .... 1 6 ,4 0 0 little. 1 8 3 4 ........... 12,0 0 0 1 8 5 2 ----- 1 5 ,7 0 0 1 8 6 9 ----- 1 7 ,5 0 0 found scattered over the surface of the ground, discovered in the neighborhood of the salt 1 8 3 5 ........... 1 3 , 000 1 8 5 3 .... 16 ,800 18 7 0 .... 15 ,0 0 0 and has been collected and sold to the extent springs 1 8 3 6 .......... 18 5 4 .... 16,5 0 0 1 8 7 1 ___ 20,000 1 8 3 7 ........... i 3, 5° ° of several thousand tons. valuable. 1 8 5 5 .... 15,800 1 8 7 2 .... 25 ,8 8 0 1 8 3 8 .......... 15 ,0 0 0 1 8 5 6 ----- 16,000 1 8 7 3 .... 42,540 1 8 5 7 .... 15,800 1 8 7 4 .... 1 8 3 9 ........... 17 ,5 °° 1 8 4 0 .......... 17,000 1 8 4 1 ........... 20 ,5 0 0 1 8 4 2 .......... 24,0 0 0 • 1 8 4 3 ........... 25,0 0 0 00 0 1,5 0 ° M 1 8 2 5 .......... sylvania, the zinc deposits are in the Saucon the state. valley, Lehigh county. pumping, from artesian wells. extensively worked, Although at one time they now produce but In W ythe county, Virginia, zinc ore is The brine is obtained by means of The property is owned by the state, by which it is leased to individuals. Deposits of rock salt, recently in New York, promise to be very The zinc-producing district of Illinois and The salt production of Michigan is derived 5 2 ,0 8 0 Wisconsin is practically the same as the lead from the following counties: Bay, Saginaw, Huron, Iosco, Midland and Gratiot, situated 1 8 5 8 .... 15,30 ° 1 8 7 5 .... 59,640 18 5 9 .... 16 ,400 1 8 7 6 .... 6 4 ,0 7 0 of lead-mining in this district, the zinc ofes, on or near Saginaw bay. i8 6 0 .... 15 ,60 0 18 7 7 .... 8 1 ,9 0 0 consisting here of zinc blende intimately asso springs is the strongest which has yet been 14,100 18 7 8 .... 9 1,0 60 ciated with galena, were not recognized as discovered in large quantities. valuable, but of late years they have been cheapness of fuel employed in the manufacture, worked quite extensively. The deposits of zinc consisting of the "refuse from the saw-mills ores near Knoxville, Tennessee, have, for a in the immediate neighborhood, the salt of number of years past, produced but little. this district practically controls the market at 18 4 4 ..... 26 ,0 00 1 8 6 1 .... 1 8 4 5 ..;.. 30 ,0 0 0 18 6 2 .... 14,200 18 7 9 .... 92,780 1 8 4 6 .......... 28 ,000 1 8 6 3 ------ 14,800 1 8 8 0 .... In the earlier days 1 district, already described. 9 7 ,8 2 5 A s mentioned in the opening of this chap ter, the Census statistics of the production of present. The The brine from these production Owing to the of Michigan has States and territories The zinc region of southwestern Missouri not reported as producing, are estimated as and eastern Kansas is coextensive with the risen from 4,000 barrels, in i860, to nearly follows: In Utah lead is mined and smelted lead region heretofore described in treating 2,750,000 in 1880. in large amounts in connection with silver of that metal. lead are only partial. * For the years between 1825 and 1853, the figures are those Caswell. The deposit of rock salt at Petite Anse, Greene, Dade, Jasper, Lawrence, Newton and given by Whitney ; for the later years the authority is Edward A. It is found in the counties of Louisiana, upon one of the small islands on McDonald in Missouri, and Cherokee county, the borders of the coast swamp, is of enormous Kansas. extent and of excellent quality. The ore is zinc blende and calamine, A n idea of MISCELLANEO US. e v il the magnitude of the deposit may be gained ment of this industry is in Chesapeake Bay, and gravity. from the fact that, up to the present time, the which in the census year produced more than engines, with stationary engines to overcome workings have developed a rectangular mass half the oysters of the country. heavy grades, immediately occasioned a great 640 feet by 380 feet in horizontal dimensions, this was the product of New Y ork Bay and while a shaft‘ has been sunken through 165 Long Island Sound, while smaller amounts A t the beginning of 1835, as estimated feet of solid salt, and no limits have been were obtained at other points on the Atlantic by Pitkin, who expressed grave apprehensions reached in either direction. and Gulf coasts. regarding this new element of material interest, Estimating on a Second to The application of locomotive increase in railway building. the total cost of railroads completed, or near basis of these dimensions, the property, as thus The product of the seal fishery, which, in far developed, contains 40,000,000 cubic feet, 1880, was valued at $2,289,813, is confined completion, was about $30,000,000. or about Further almost entirely to the islands of St. Paul and plored the craze for railroads at some length, surface explorations by means of pits have St. George, of the Pribylov group, in Bering in the following strain: “ In this, as in every established the fact that salt exists over an area sea. thing else which is new and connected with of 144 acres, or more than ten times the area fur-seal taken elsewhere within the limits of individual now explored by underground workings. the United States. sober calculations.” 2,800,000 tons of salt. The Indeed, there are practically none of the A monopoly of the fur-seal interest, fancied He de benefits outrun But, despite Pitkin and existence of this deposit has been known for fishery upon these islands is enjoyed by the other conservatives, railroad building continued many years, and mining operations have been Alaska Fur Company, in consideration of a with only partial intermissions, and even now carried on at various times, but with unprofit royalty paid to the Government and of the shows few signs of abatement. able results until recently. observance of certain restrictions in regard to upon Plate 147 illustrate far more forcibly than controlling the property is rapidly increasing the destruction of these animals. The principal columns of figures, the wonderful progress of the out-put. of these restrictions are that none but full railroad construction in this country, which now grown males shall be slaughtered, and of these has more miles of railway than all of Europe, a number not greater than 100,000 in each and nearly two-fifths of the entire mileage of were employed in the fisheries of the United year. the world. States, including in this term not only the states and territories was almost entirely of fisheries proper, but the catching of seals and the hair-seal species. Fisheries. — During The company now the census year there The catch of seals reported from other The diagrams On June 1, 1880, in addition to 87,891 miles ot completed railroad in the United States, The menhaden fishery, which had a product there were 10,016 miles under construction, By this industry, 131,426 per in 1880 valued at $2,116,787, is confined to and about 41,000 miles of projected roads sons earned a livelihood, while the products that part of the Atlantic coast between Massa and extensions. had a value of $43,046,053. chusetts and Virginia, and panies was 1,482. whales, and the dredging of oysters, a capital of $37>955>349- O f this, somewhat more than one-half, or $22,405,018, was the development product of fisheries proper, or, as they are has its greatest necticut and Rhode Island. designated by the Census, “ General Fisheries.” in New York, Virginia, Con The number of railroad com The following is a general statement of the financial condition of these companies at that date: The product of the whale fishery was, in Amount. S T A T E M E N T , J U N E i , 1880. Average per Mile. These are in the main distributed along the sea 1880, $2,323,943. This industry, once of para and lake coasts, the catch from interior river mount importance to the cities and towns on Assets. waters being of but little comparative value. the coast of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and C o s t o f c o n s t r u c t io n o f r o a d s — t o t a l . . . $ 4 ,1 1 2 ,3 6 7 ,1 7 6 $ 4 7 ,3 8 7 C o s t o f e q u ip m e n t — t o t a l............................. 4 18 ,0 4 5 ,4 5 8 4 ,8 1 7 V a lu e o f la n d s a n d b u i l d i n g s ..................... 10 3 ,3 19 ,8 4 5 1 ,1 9 1 V a lu e o f t e le g r a p h lin e s , e t c ..................... 2 0 4 ,9 1 3 ,1 9 6 2 ,3 6 1 3 4 3 ,8 0 0 ,13 2 3 ,9 6 2 C a s h a n d o t h e r a s s e t s ..................................... 3 5 3 ,9 7 3 ,9 8 1 4 ,0 7 9 T o t a l a s s e t s ............................................... $ 5 ,5 3 6 ,4 1 9 ,7 8 8 $ 6 3 ,7 9 7 The extensive cod and mackerel fisheries help Connecticut has, during the past twenty-five to place Massachusetts and Maine in the lead years diminished astonishingly. in this industry, while, upon the Pacific coast, and i860, the tonnage employed in this pursuit Between 1840 S to ck and bonds o w n e d — is s u e d by o t h e r c o m p a n i e s .......................................... the great interest of salmon-canning places ranged from 146,000 to nearly 200,000, being Oregon and California in the third and fifth at a maximum in 1858, when it reached 198,594 ranks respectively, the fourth place being held tons. by New York. but 38,408 tons were employed, or less than C a p i t a l s t o c k ....................................................... $ 2 ,6 1 3 ,6 0 6 ,2 6 4 $ 3 0 ,1 1 7 product of general fisheries in each district of one-fifth of the maximum. F u n d e d d e b t ......................................................... 2 ,3 9 ° , 9 * 5 ,4 02 2 7 ,5 5 1 F l o a t i n g d e b t ....................................................... 4 2 1,2 0 0 ,8 9 4 the sea and lake coasts: of the products 4 ,8 5 4 T o t a l c a p i t a l a n d d e b t .................................. $ 5 ,4 2 5 ,7 2 2 ,5 6 0 $ 6 2 ,5 2 2 P r o f it a n d lo s s, to c r e d i t ............................... 11 0 ,6 9 7 ,2 2 8 1 ,2 7 5 T o t a l li a b i l i t i e s ......................................... f o , 5 3 6 ,4 i 9 ,7 8 8 $ 6 3 ,7 9 7 G r o s s t r a n s p o r ta tio n e a r n i n g s .................. $ 5 8 0 ,4 5 0 ,5 9 4 $ 6 ,6 8 9 T o t a l i n c o m e ....................................................... ■ 661,295,391 7 ,6 2 0 T r a n s p o r t a t io n e x p e n s e s ............................... 3 5 2 ,8 0 0 ,12 0 4 ,0 6 5 On June 1, 1880, there were, according to the T o t a l e x p e n d i t u r e s .......................................... 5 4 1 , 9 5 0 ,7 9 5 6 ,2 4 5 report of the Census, 87,891 miles in operation, N e t t r a n s p o r ta tio n e a r n i n g s ........................ 2 2 7 ,6 5 0 ,4 7 4 2 ,6 2 3 and at the close of the year, according to Poor’s N e t in c o m e , o r p r o fit ....................................... 11 9,3 4 4 ,5 9 6 1 ,3 7 5 D i v i d e n d s d e c l a r e d .......................................... 7 0 , 5 5 0 ,3 4 2 813 A m o u n t r e t a i n e d ............................................... 4 8 , 7 9 4 ,2 5 4 562 The following table shows the Since then it has declined until, in 1880, In i860 the value of the whale fishery was $7,749,305, or more than three times that G E N E R A L F ISH E R IE S . P r o d u c t . New England States.................................... 2,882,294 F o r the Year. $10,014,645 Middle States, exclusive of Great Lakes... of 1880. Liabilities. Southern Atlantic States.............................. R a ilw a y s. — In 1830 there were twenty- three miles of railroad in the United States. Gulf States..................................................... Pacific States and Territories..................... 4 , 7 9 2 ,6 3 8 Great Lakes................................................... 1,78 4,0 5° T otal............................................... $22,405,018 “ Manual of the Railroads of the United States,” O f the total product, nearly one-half comes not less than 93,671 miles— enough to encom from the New England states, and much more pass the globe three and one-half times on a than one-fifth from the Pacific coast. great circle. Next to the general fisheries in importance is the oyster fishery, which in 1880 had a product valued at $13,403,852. The greatest develop This represents the progress of fifty years. The construction of railroads began in this country about 1825, with the use of horse power Including all the railroads in the country, the dividends declared formed 2.7 per cent, of the capital stock, and the net income 4.57 per cent. O f the whole number of companies, how ever, only 623 reported a net income. These SCRIBNERS STATISTICAL ATLAS. CV111 companies represented 80 per cent, of the rail road capital of the country, or $2,103,068,246, The aggregate freight tonnage was divided as follows: injured, and only one in 1,885,199 was killed and the profit, either paid in dividends or available for such payment, amounted to $132,989,336, showing an average profit of P er P er Cent. ARTICLES OF FREIGHT. Coal.............................................. Cent. ARTICLES OF FREIGHT. of T o ta l. 30.8 Merchandise and miscellaneous.. 6.32 per cent, upon their stock. during the year, only one in 392,406 was 20.0 of T o ta l. Stone, lime, cement, clay and sand............................................ 3-i Petroleum...................................... 2.6 by railway accidents. The relation between this immunity from accident and the large number of hands— trackmen arid shopmen, as well as trainmen and stationmen— employed, 14.4 8.8 F lo u r...... ..................................... 2.5 61 Provisions...................................... 2.4 number of employes who contribute to the 1.4 uted as follows: Grain................................................... Lumber and other forest products. The transportation earnings were distrib passenger’s safety, it is proper to include not 0.2 only those operating trains, but all engaged in should not escape notice. In estimating the P A S SE N G E R T R A F F IC . Amount. Percentage of Total Passenger Traffic. Local passenger traffic............ $98,321,340 68.23 The equipment of the railroads of the the care of the track and of the rolling-stock. Through passenger traffic. . . . 44*5*4*393 1*265,976 30.89 country consisted of 17,412 locomotives, 12,330 Estimating the average number of passengers 0.88 passenger cars, 4,475 mail, express and bag carried daily as 3 of the aggregate for the -^ gage cars, 375,312 freight cars, and 80,138 cars year, or 738,584 daily passengers, and that, of other kinds. on the basis of ten hours’ work per day, at All other passenger traffic. . . . Percentage of T otal Freight Traffic. Amount. F R E IG H T T R A F F IC . Local freight............................ $233,688,202 56.16 Through freight...................... 176,909,13! 42.51 All other freight...................... 5,548,425 i -33 Percentage of all Traffic. Amount. A L L T R A F F IC . Passenger traffic...................... $144,101,709 416,145,758 Steel rails were in use upon The total number of least ten-twenty-fourths of the whole force of employes was 418,957, and the annual pay these employes, or 148,115 men, are constantly roll amounted to $195,350,013. on duty during the hours when passenger 33,680 miles of track. The classification of employes was as On. an average, every inhabitant of the Percent age of Total. Number. EM PLO YES. 71.69 Express...................................... 8,828,259 1.52 Other earnings.......................... 902 *055 0.16 Transportation expenses were divided as follows: Percentage of Expenses. 0 .9 General office clerks................................ 8 ,6 5 5 2 .1 Stationmen................................................ 63,380 15 -1 7 9 ,6 5 0 I 9 .O Shopmen.................................................... 8 9 ,7 1 4 2 1 .4 12 2 ,4 8 9 2 9 .2 All other employes.................................. 1.80 3 ,3 7 5 T rackmen................................ .................. 10,472,813 United States expended $2.87 in railway travel during the year, or, estimating the average rate General officers......................................... T rainmen.................................................. M a il.......................................... trains are running, there is one employe at work for every five passengers carried. follows: 24.83 Freight traffic.......................... 3-7 5 L 694 1 2 .3 per mile at 2^ cents, each person traveled a distance of 123 miles. L a n d G ra n ts. — It by the General has been estimated Land Office that the total amount of land granted by the United States Maintaining road and real estate. . . $102,583,043 29.08 Repairs of rolling stock.................... 54,985,340 15-58 Operating and general expenses. . . . 195,321,737 55-34 On 86,782 miles operated, the gross earn in aid of railroads, canals and wagon roads, has been in the neighborhood of 187,000,000 48,254 included baggagemen, brakemen, fire acres, or over 296,000 square miles— an area men and other regular train hands. O f the greater than that of the state of Texas, and 89,714 shopmen, 22,766 were machinists and Amount. O f the 79,650 trainmen, 18,977 were engi neers, 12,419 conductors, and the remaining T R A N S P O R T A T IO N E X PE N SE S. nearly five times that of the New England 23,202 carpenters. states. It will be observed that W ith the assistance of these grants ings per mile were $6,688; the expenses per the shopmen and trackmen include more than about 15,000 miles of railroad have been con mile, $4,065, and the net earnings, $2,623 per one-half of all structed. mile. operating trains form about one-fifth. The expenses were 60^ per cent., and the employes, while those all cases, of alternate sections of land, the It appears from the following table that others remaining the property of the Govern more than one-half of all those injured by ment, the latter were by the construction of railway accidents in 1880 were employes of the road greatly enhanced in value and made the companies, and marketable, the net earnings 39^ per cent, of the gross earnings. The statistics of transportation and traffic may be summarized as follows: Miles Run. T R A IN S . Gross Earnings. ( P e r M ile .) Expenses. ( P e r M ile .) N et Earnings. (P e r M ile .) only about one-twelfth were passengers, while were nearly three-eighths neither passengers nor employes, but 2 5 1 ,0 2 2 ,7 1 0 Passenger........ 13 8 ,2 2 5 ,6 2 1 $ 1 .6 5 1 .1 8 $0.98 0 .76 $0.67 the national It may safely be said that, although in most cases the recipients of these grants ment, instead of being a loser, has also profited T h rough C areless 0.43 Sum m ary o f w ay Freight tonnage: Number of tons carried............................................ 290,897,395 revenues. thereby increasing have profited greatly by them, the Govern were injured in crossing the tracks: Freight........... A s the grants made were, in nearly ness o f t h e R a il A c c id e n t s . I n ju r ed . F atal. T otal. 1880. Number. Per Cent, Number. of Total. Per Cent, of Total. very largely, both directly in the gains to its treasury, and indirectly in the development of its waste territory. Nearly all of these grants Average distance carried, miles..............................................i n To passengers. . . 687 295 4 2 .9 4 143 2 0 .8 2 Tons carried one mile......................................... 32,348,846,693 Revenue...................................................................$416,145,758 have been made to railway companies, few To employes---- 4,54° 3 ,2 7 6 7 2 .1 6 923 2 0 .3 3 having been made to canals, and none to To others............ 2 ,9 8 8 2 .7 7 7 9 5 -°4 1 ,4 7 5 4 9 -3 6 Aggregate........ 8 ,2 1 5 6 ,3 4 8 7 7 .8 9 2 ,5 4 1 3 0 .9 3 Receipts per ton, per mile, cents......................................... 1 1V0 Cost per ton, per mile, cents.............................................. o Besides the usual grant of alternate sections Profit per ton, per mile, cents............................................ o Passenger traffic: Number of passengers carried................................. 269,583,340 Average distance carried, miles...............................................23 Passengers carried one mile................................. 6,189,240,914 Revenue.................................................................... $144,101,709 Receipts per passenger, per mile, cents............................ 2 Cost per passenger, per mile, cents................................... 1 1V0 Profit per passenger, per mile, cents................................. o ^m . wagon roads in recent years. From the above table it appears that the of land for a certain breadth upon each side of chances of injury in passenger travel by rail the road or proposed road, there has been are but 1 to 9,000,000 for each mile traveled, added in many cases an indemnity strip of while the chances of fatal injury are but one- specified breadth, outside of the absolute grant. fifth as great, or 1 to 45,000,000. Within this indemnity strip the company has Out of the 269,583,340 passengers carried been allowed to select land to indemnify itself MISCELLA NEO US. for areas already occupied within the absolute limits at the time of making the grant. includes the whole of the alternate sections to the outside limits of the indemnity strip. In many cases, notably those of the Union Pacific, Central Pacific, Kansas Pacific, and Sioux City and Pacific railroads, indemnity strips were not granted, except in certain states, but whatever land owned by other parties was found to be within the absolute grant was lost to the railroad company. Further conditions were attached to the grants, which, if not fulfilled within a certain It must be added that cases of actual forfeiture have been very few, although failures to comply with the conditions imposed have been numerous. Most of the grants have been made to states in trust for the railroad companies. T o some of the largest railroad corporations building lines in the W est, including those above enumerated, the grants were made directly. The total area patented to railroads and wagon roads, under land grant acts, prior to June 30, 1880, is given by the Public Land Commission at 45,647,347 acres, or 71,324 square miles, an area but little larger than that of the state of Missouri. The following is a list, as complete as possible, of the different land grants made to railroads, with a brief statement of the condi tions under which they were given, the areas thus far actually patented to the companies, and an estimate of the absolute areas which by the grants have become or are to become the property of the companies. LAN D G R A N TS T O R A ILR O A D S. A number of these grants have been mate It is a common misapprehension that a railway grant time, were to cause a forfeiture. C1X The limits, L im it D a te CO R P O R A T IO N . of A c t Alabama and Chattanooga........ < 1856 z Alabama and Florida..................« 1856 Atchison, Topeka and Santa F i . d 1863 ( in States__ 1866 *Atlantic & Pacific -{ ( in Territories 1866 Cedar Rapids & Missouri River.r Central Branch, Union Pacific.. Central Pacific.............................. Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific.r Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul.a Chicago and Northwestern (in Michigan).................... ........... £ Chicago and Northwestern (in Wisconsin)................................a Chicago, St.Paul & Minneapolis.d Coosa and Tennessee................a side, i. e., extending nine miles outside the absolute grant, the company is at liberty to select land to repay itself for that already occupied or granted to other parties within the absolute grant. The letters after the names of certain roads 1 8 8 0. 553.581 394,523 2,474,686 15 15 2 0 3° IO Denver Pacific.............................. 1869 Des Moines Valley......................r 1846 Dubuque and Sioux C ity............ c 1856 6 6 6 6 6 6 Grand Rapids and Indiana........£ 1856 “ “ “ from Fort Wayne to Grand Rapids. ^ 1865 6 Hannibal and St. Joseph....................f Hastings and Dakota................ 1852 1866 Illinois Central................................................... j 1850 Iowa Falls and Sioux City ................ r 1856 Jackson, Lansing & Saginaw.. .b 1856 Kansas Pacific.............................. 1864 Lake Superior and Mississippi.. /■ 1864 Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston......................................../ 1863 Little Rock and Fort Sm ith. . . . g 1866 Marquette, Houghton and Ontonagon....................................................................... b Memphis and Little R o c k ................g Minnesota Central...................... b Missouri, Kansas and Texas__. / Missouri River, Fort Scott and Gulf........................................... i Mobile and Ohio.........................................a , i Mobile and Girard......................a 1865 1866 1865 1863 1866 1850 1856 New Orleans, Opelousas & Great Western.................................................................... h 1856 New Orleans, Baton Rouge and 1871 IO 6 6 6 2 0 IO IO 6 2 0 6 IO IO IO 6 6 6 St. Croix and Lake Superior.. . d St. Joseph and Denver C ity . . . ./ St. Louis & Iron Mountain, . f , g St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern....................................................- f > g “ “ St. Vincent Branch........................................................................ k St. Paul and Sioux City ........................k Selma, Rome and Dalton.......... a Sioux City and St. Paul.......................... c Sioux City and Pacific ................................... South and North Alabama ................a Southwest Branch of the Pacific Road ............................................................................ f Southern Pacific ...................................................... Southern Minnesota...................................k 1864 1866 1866 1866 1865 1871 1864 1856 1864 1864 1856 1852 1866 1866 2 0 IO IO IO 6 IO IO 6 selected, in consequence of which it was 15 512,337 281,984 165,688 513,000 281,984 165,688 15 37,583 37,583 15 15 state waters and upon canals, 5,139 steamers, having a tonnage of 1,221,207, and a value O f these vessels there were ) 2 0 the census year there were employed in United States waters, of $80,192,495. 15 ) 952,960 employed in United States waters, that is, 603,506 225,179 603,506 350,000 15 15 2,595,053 683,024 2,595,053 683,500 15 743,009 750,000 828,830 2 0 860,564 862,000 2 0 2 0 256,282 916,716 260,000 1,056,378 437,385 141,845- 552,515 141,845 180,000 660,000 waters having navigable outlets, and subject to 6,000,000 15 2 0 . . . . . . . . 2 0 2 0 2 0 179,736 658,068 2 0 21,342 1,156,658 15 504,146 15 719,194 15 21,342 1,156,658 505,000 ) > ■ 746,510 42,000,000 15 353,212 353.212 30 30 * 1,338,039 323,149 2,127,000 2,500,000 15 15 1,275,218 1,275,212 37,427 37,427 843,497 461,813 843,497 470,956 1,386,303 1,251,046 1,483,948 789,292 1,200,358 1,500,000 1,205,000 460,700 400,000 45,000 440,000 2 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 15 6 2 0 15 1,161,205 30 952,597 454,957 2 0 l 5° f trust for the roads, as follows: a. Alabama, b. Union Pacific ............................................................. 1864 Michigan, c. Iowa, d. Wisconsin, e. Florida, f Vicksburg and Meridian ....................... i 2 0 6 Missouri, g. Arkansas, h. Louisiana, i. Missis Western R. R ..........................................................k 1865 Winona and St. Peter............................... k 1865 Wisconsin Central.......................................... d 1864 customs and inspection laws, 4,778 steamers, measuring 1,194,889 tons, distributed as fol lows: D is t r ib u t io n o f S t e a m C r a f t . Number of Steamers. New England States......................... Middle States.................................... South Atlantic Coast.......................... Gulf of M exico.................................. Great Lakes....................................... Upper Mississippi R iver.................. Ohio R iver.......................................... Upper Missouri R iver...................... Lower Mississippi River.................. Pacific Coast...................................... T onnage. 118,554 463 432,803 30,833 L 459 266 126 41,611 222,290 83,918 947 366 473 44 3i 5 107,473 12,099 48,303 97,005 3 19 719,194 903,218 30 40 the roads directly. sections per linear mile of road were to be 550,467 15 30 In the other cases, the grants were made to did not fix the limits within which the twenty S te a m C raft. — During 15 IO 645,307 350,000 Nebraska was even more peculiar, in that it 800,000 369,002 552,000 2 0 sippi, j . Illinois, k. Minnesota, and /. Kansas. grant of 200 sections of land, and that to 49,812 369,002 15 6 IO quette road was peculiar in being an absolute its land wherever it chose. IO IO The grant to the Bay de Noquet and Mar 550,000 805,816 68,000 *Texas Pacific (in Territories 1874 (Southern Pacific) j ; n California. 1874 1856 which affected the grants. 545,576 474,913 67,785 15 2 0 2 0 not made to the roads directly, but to states, in given above, are those of the last legislation decided that the road was at liberty to locate IO indicate that in cases so marked, grants were The date of act, and the limits 520,000 457,407 396,999 41,318 433,600 IO first made. 517,594 50&60 6 6 1,156,988 265,000 6,500,000 1,133,590 643,307 138,285 30&40 Pensacola and Georgia...............................e 1856 Port Huron & Lake Michigan, . b 1856 389,124 rially modified by legislation since they were the Burlington and Missouri River road in . . . . 40 Oregon Branch of Central Pacific 1866 Oregon and California................................... 1866 2,441,600 1,140,494 187,608 2 0 2 0 6 2 0 2 0 1856 128,000 388,818 [ 6 6 394,523 2,995,200 2,374,091 5 1856 1856 1856 1856 Flint and Pere Marquette.......... # Florida......................................... e Florida and Alabama................. < ? Florida, Atlantic & Gulf Central, e 460,000 128,000 2 0 6 T o ta l A rea o f G ra n t. ( A c r e s .) f 504,537 22,672,000 20 1856 1856 1856 E s tim a te d ) 40 1865 within a strip six miles in width on each side within a strip fifteen miles in breadth on each 6 10 2 0 20 20 20 20 10 North Louisiana and Texas _____ h each linear mile of road; and, further, that 6 1864 1864 1864 1864 1864 given as measured from the line of road, property of the company, i. e., six sections on P a te n te d u p t o J u n e 3 0, Bay de Noquet and Marquette. . 6 Burlington and Missouri River 20 sec per mile. (in Nebraska)............................ 1864 Burlington and Missouri River 20 (in Iowa).................................. r 1864 „ ,T .. (m S tates_ _ 1864 ■ "Northern Pacific • < (in Territories 1864 of the road, each alternate section is to be the A cres o f In d e m n ity G ra n t. 50 1865 200 se ctions. both of absolute and indemnity strips, are on either side— thus, 6 and 15, means that L im it of A b s o lu te G ra n t. 10 ,0 0 00 In state waters, that is, waters having no navigable outlets, and not subject to customs laws, the number of steamers was 218, with a tonnage of 9,339. The steam craft on canals numbered 143, measuring 16,979 tons. The gross earnings of all steam craft during the census year were $85,091,067. ber of passengers carried The num was 168,463,001, and the number of tons of freight moved was 25,451,404. 1,161,205 7,760,000 500,000 13>000,000 The application of steam power to the pro pulsion of vessels was first effected on a practical scale by Robert Fulton, in the steamer Clermont, which was completed in 1807. The number of steamers built annually increased rapidly, until the Civil W ar partially checked the demand. ........................ 1,859,475 15 2 0 2 0 2 0 9,050,000 Up to 1870, the United States led all other 198,028 200,000 nations in amount of steam tonnage, but since 659,345 1,326,444 815,000 1,670,000 1,315,000 that year Great Britain has taken the lead, 575,845 * The indemnity grants here given agree with the statute limits, although not with the maps of the General Land Office from which the map on Plate 147 was prepared. having in 1880 not less than 2,723,468 tons, or more than United States. double the tonnage of the SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS, cx The following table gives the number and been abandoned. In Ohio 879 miles have been United States, the growth of the periodical the tonnage of the steamers built during each constructed, of which 674 are still in use. decade from the time of their introduction: the canals of Indiana, aggregating 453 miles, press is perhaps the most astonishing. have been abandoned. 1850, when the first census of the press was C o n s t r u c t io n S t e a m V o f e sse ls Tonnage. 128 F rom 1807 to 1820...... From 1821 to 1830...... F rom 1831 to 1840...... From 1841 to 1850...... From 1851 to i860...... From 1861 to 1870__ .* From 1871 to 1880...... 25 ,7 9 8 38s I,°I5 1,662 In 65,212 175,698 153 The canals now in use in the United States taken, the number of publications was 2,526. have a total length of 2,515.^ miles, with slack Number. . Increase in tonnage built. (Per cent.) A ll O f all the elements of the progress of the In i860, it had increased to 4,051; in 1870, water navigation with them to 5,871, while ten years later it had nearly The total doubled, reaching the number of 11,314- or in connection 169 extending 411.^ additional miles. I I I cost of construction was $170,028,636. 23 more than four times as great as in 1850. freight traffic on canals amounted in 1880 In respect to circulation, the progress has to 21,044,292 tons, yielding a gross income of been even more rapid. The total expenditures for the of 5,142,177 in 1850, it leaped to 13,663,409 year were $2,954,156, leaving as a net income 3 ,3 4 3 97 73 0,355 900,686 766,294 The $4,538,620. 2,5 2 1 3,082 3 7 1 ,0 3 5 in i860; to 20,842,475 in 1870, and in 1880 it $1,584,464, which is but nine-tenths of one per reached the enormous number, per issue, of cent, of the cost of construction. 31,779,686. - 1 5 The minus sign indicates a decrease. C anals. — Prior to the invention of the steam railway, canals were of great importance as From a circulation This was about six-tenths of a copy to each man, woman and child in the highways for the commerce of the country. Even before the beginning of the present cen N ew spapers a n d tury, a project was agitated for a system of Plates 148 and 149 treat of the newspaper and public improvements which should unite by a periodical press of the United States, the first O f this immense circulation, that of the water-way the valley of the Mississippi with relating to the number of newspapers and daily press forms but a little over 11 per cent., navigable waters upon the Atlantic coast, but periodicals, and the second to the number of an unexpectedly small proportion. nothing came of it until after the second war each issue, or the aggregate edition, in each with Great Britain. state. In 1817 the state of New P e rio d ica ls.— country, or very nearly one copy to each person able to read. The distribution of the publications and of their circulation, as shown by the maps on Plates 148 and 149, accords in its general York passed an act providing for vast internal It must be understood that the second of improvements, including its costly system of these plates, although entitled “ Circulation,” features with the canals, and Pennsylvania does not refer strictly to distribution, but to as shown by the maps of. illiteracy. took similar action, followed by several other publication, which may or may not conform to Northern states and the W estern states and states. the distribution of the edition. It would be territories, there are, in proportion to popula trace, without an exhaustive tion, the greatest numbers of publications and shortly afterward For many years thereafter a strong feeling impossible to In the the largest circulation, while throughout the in favor of internal improvements had posses compilation of the subscription sion of most of the states. Immense works periodicals, the distribution of the editions over South, the proportion is generally low. were projected, and many of them, including the country from the offices of publication, in considering groups of states, the circulation the canal systems of New York, Pennsylvania and this has not been attempted by the Census and its distribution are practically identical, and Ohio, were completed. office. the above sketch outlines the general distribu increased State debts were to enormous amounts, in several lists of all distribution of education, On Plate 149 the issues are credited to tion of the reading public. Since, The disproportion This between the North and South in this regard siasm for these projects reached its greatest produces the effect of giving to those states is, however, much less marked in respect to intensity in 1837, when it was suddenly checked which contain great newspaper centers, such as daily publications than in respect to weeklies by the financial crisis of that period. New York, Pennsylvania and Massachusetts, and monthlies. cases to the verge of bankruptcy. The enthu the states in which they are published. The average circulation per publication among states It is estimated by Pitkin that on January 1, undue prominence, while other states which 1835, there had been completed, or nearly are largely dependent upon them for their sup ranges completed, in the United States not less than ply of the news and periodical literature, such wide limits. 2,867 miles of canals, at a cost of $64,573,099. as New Jersey and Vermont, fall unduly low the largest circulation per publication, namely, New York had 715 miles, costing $15,125,511, in the scale. 8,841, which is even larger than New York, the several through O f all the states, Maryland has and Pennsylvania 861 miles, costing $23,000,000, O f the 11,314 periodicals of all classes pub which stands second in the list with 8,666. these two states having considerably more than lished in the country, 78 per cent., or nearly Following these are the District of Columbia, one-half of the total mileage. four-fifths, are devoted to news, politics and with 7,300; Massachusetts, 7,190, and Penn family reading. sylvania, 5,900. In 1880, according to the Census, there were The remainder relate espe Most of the states adjoining in the United States 4,468.4 miles of canals, cially to the various branches of trade and these have a low average, Vermont having which had cost $214,041,802. industry, the professions, science, etc. but 840 and New Hampshire 907. O f this, however, In the i,953-^ miles, costing $44,013,166, had been Again, the great majority, 76 per cent., are Southern states, the circulation ranges from a abandoned, and a large part of the remainder weekly publications, 10 per cent, are monthlies, few hundred copies up to 3,045 in Kentucky. were not paying expenses, a result mainly due, while daily newspapers form less than 10 per In the Northern Central group of states, the of course, to the competition of railways. cent, of all. number has a somewhat higher average, falling A ll O f the total number of periodicals, 10,515, below a thousand only in Dakota, and reaching O f the 964 miles in New York, or 93 per cent., are published in the English in Ohio a circulation per publication of 3,863. 357, or much more than one-third, are no language, 641, or nearly 6 per cent., in German, In the W estern states and territories it ranges longer in use. while the proportion in other languages reaches, through very wide limits, from 228 in Montana in no case, 1 per cent, of the whole number. to 2,721 in California. the canals of New England are reported as abandoned. In Pennsylvania there have been built 1,106 miles, of which 477 miles have M ISCELLANEO US. A C o m p arative S t u d y — The CXI general The summary on Plate 150 is devoted to rule, comparatively summaries on Plates 150 and 151 serve to total amounts, and the significance of its com have little bring together, for dif parisons is therefore restricted by the wide Tennessee, and other states having a large ferent classes of facts which have been treated fundamental differences of area and population state debt, take a disproportionately high rank individually in earlier chapters. existing between the various states. in this column. comparative study, They make little local debt. urban population, Louisiana, Virginia, apparent the relations of the leading industries Comparing the rank in population with that A comparison of the column of occupations to one another, to wealth and to population, in wealth, it is seen that all of the North on the one hand, and those of wealth, manu and the relations subsisting between population, Atlantic states gain considerably, except V er factures and agriculture on the other, shows wealth, public debt, and taxation, and between mont, New York in a rude way the diversity in the productive illiteracy and education. hold their own, the two last mentioned states power of labor in the different states. ranking respectively as first and second in Southern states the rank in wealth is much arranged in the several columns, according both columns. lower than in the number of breadwinners, to their rank in the feature therein presented; averages sixteen while the Northern and Western states and while lines carried from column to column states forming the South Atlantic and Southern territories generally hold their rank, or stand aid the eye in tracing the varying rank of Central groups, on the other hand, show an higher in wealth than in number of persons each state. average loss of four places, only Maryland, occupied. Delaware and the District of Columbia making in contrasting rank in occupations with rank 150, the states are arranged in the order of gains. in the sum of the products of the two great population. A comparison of the first column groups there is little relative change of place, with each of the remaining columns, gives the except that Wisconsin and Nevada each gain P la te 1 5 1 .— The summary on Plate 151 following results by groups of states: four, Minnesota seven, and California no less presents a much closer approximation to the than fifteen places. true relative positions of the states and terri The names of the states and territories are P la te IS O .— In the first column of Plate V a r ia t io n s a n k P in l a t e 150 . t o The gain for the entire group nearly five places. The In the Northern Central and Western These two groups show * * In most This feature is still more apparent industries, manufactures and agriculture. tories in the ten important features exhibited, The changes in passing from population to than that on Plate 150, for the reason that it manufactures are similar to those above stated, deals not with aggregates merely but with but greater. ratios, thereby placing the larger and smaller a n k . d u c a t io n l l it e r a c y R a x a t io n T E I A e b t v e r a g e . . D e t N . t o c k S iv e A L . g r ic u l t u r e . a n u f a c t u r e s M . The North Atlantic states show an average gain of over eleven places, the two states on a common ground of comparison. Southern groups an average loss of five and N o r t h A t la n t ic . Maine...................... 2 7 New Hampshire... 3 i Verm ont................ 32 Massachusetts........ 7 Rhode Island........ 33 Connecticut............ 2 8 New York.............. I New Jersey............ 19 Pennsylvania......... 2 —I O O 2 O I O O O — 2 13 — I 4 9 4 — 20 19 - 6 21 3 0— I 13 - 6 0- 3 O 2 8 13 O II 0 II 8 - 6 2 2 .6 6 O— 2 5 3 - 5 15 6 8 38 23 36 14 29 15 21 13 34 —I — 22 4 — II 12 - 4 — 2 15 O - 8 3 30.1 2 — 12 I 6 2 7 14 O 0 —I I O OI - 9 - 9 5- 8- 9 —I - 4 - — 4 one-half places, the Northern Central states a ing by units from 1 to 47, does not serve slight average loss, and the Western group to show the precise extent of the differences 12 — a gain of a little over one place. between 1 0 .8 2 9 .4 2 2 1 .3 states holding consecutive rank. 2 .4 A n inspection of the above table in connec Taking for example the first column of Plate 7 15-7 9 3 8 tion with Plate 150, will enable the reader to 151, we may pass over as altogether exceptional measure at a glance the changes of rank as — 4 14 O the difference of 2,705.5 between the density of’ between population and all other features of the District of Columbia, ranking first, and the summary, in the case of any state. of Rhode Island, the second in rank. 0 — II 79 0— 2 - 10 3 9 10 - 3 2 2 — IO 3- 6- 6 O 3— I 8 -14 - 3 2 It is manifest, however, that the simple rank 2 8 .4 2 — 2 12 5 4 S o u th A tla n tic . Delaware................ Maryland............... District Columbia. Virginia.................. West Virginia........ North Carolina_ _ South Carolina.. . . Georgia.................. Florida.................... which an average gain of one place. fr o m . p u l a t io n a s s in g P Pennsylvania, . e a l t h T E R R IT O R IE S . W . c c u p a t io n s O in P a n k AND R o f Po R STATES o p u l a t io n . A N A L Y S I S O F G E N E R A L S U M M A R Y B Y T O T A L S .— and - 3 3— I - 3 — I IO — II 25 I - 3 5- 4 6- 8— I - 6 -1 3 - 1 6 2 — IO I — II 3- 5— I - 9 O— 2 O- 4 — I 8 6 - 6 6 -18 -14 IO 15-2 9 27.6 13 2 1 .s 14 24.9 — 12 12 - 7 4 36.4 6 19.4 5 3 4 -1 15-4 13 3 4 -9 It will It will be observed that in the column of illiteracy, be seen, however, that the difference of 33.1 showing the number of persons ten years of between the density of the latter and that of age and over who are unable to write, the state Massachusetts, the third in rank, is a trifle having the greatest number of “ illiterates” is greater than that separating South Carolina, ranked highest. the S o u t h e r n C e n tr a l. Kentucky............... Tennessee.............. A labam a................ Mississippi.............. Louisiana................ Texas...................... Arkansas................ 8 12 17 18 22 II 25 -4 - 5 - 9 -4 - 6 - 9 — 3 - 9 -15 O — IO - 1 8 0— 2- 3 0 - 5 — l6 0 - 8 — 12 42 3 — IO - 7 - 9 2 — 12 - 9 3— 2 -12 -14 1 - 1 8 - 9 - 6 8 14 2 6 2 — 12 8 — II 3 - 5- 8 - 9 — I I - 5O0 4 O I 3 -I 7 15-4 14 20.7 1 2 22.5 13 21 0 I 159 II 2 7.4 Ohio........................ 3 Indiana.................. 6 Illinois.................... 4 Michigan................ 9 Wisconsin.............. l6 Minnesota.............. 2 6 , Iowa........................ 10 Missouri.................. 5 Dakota.................... 40 Nebraska................ 3 ° Kansas. 20 O— I - 3 0 — I - 9— 3 3- 3 I — I -17 — 7 4- 6 0 7 IO — I 7 10 0 0 6 8 - 1 9 9 —I — I - 3 — 2 0 I 0 — I 2 I — 4 5 O— I - 3 6 15 — I O— 2 —I —I — I - 4 O I 0 0 — 2 0 —I 4 5 -4 0 — 4 12 3 ,3 O I O I - 1 3 4 -9 O — 1 2 8 .9 I — II 4 .6 2 I - 1 3 12 .3 4 - 5 - 8 14.6 5 1 2 - 3 2 1.3 2 3 - 1 7 12.6 4 - 4 - 8 7 .2 I 2 — 2 3 9 -0 7 1 2 - 7 2 7.2 3 7 - 8 18.8 W estern . 45 47 35 41 44 39 43 46 O I O I I 0 I — 20 — I —2 — 2 I 4 —I 37 I 24 3 I 8 8 I 3 O 4— 2 3— 2 3— I 4 2 2 2 2 O 2 7 3— 6 — O— I 2 I — I 42.9 2 2 4I 75 0 4 5 -6 3 - 3 3 3 -7 6 - 5 18 4 1.2 0 O 3 44.2 0 4 1.0 3 — I 6 40.4 6 0 I 4 5 -3 I 2 I 2 0 I 4 2— I 2 O — 2 4 1.4 0 2 2 9- 3 I 15 12 8 18 I - 3 3 5 -8 14 — I 12 .2 0 — I 42 2 O 4 9 IO The first and last columns show rank on a scale of I to 47; in other columns the figures indicate a signifying a lo s s . g a in of rank, except where the minus sign is prefixed, eighteenth, from Wyoming, the forty- ing, it is virtually a reversal of the order seventh in rank. followed in the preceding columns. actual difference is marked, in one case, by The changes shown in comparing, on Plate N o r t h e r n C e n tr a l. Montana................ Wyoming................ Colorado................ New Mexico.......... Arizona.................. Utah........................ N evada .................... Idaho...................... Washington.............. Oregon.................... California................. Since this is a negative show In other words, the same a variation of one place in rank, and in 150, the rank in manufactures with that in another by a variation of twenty-nine places. agriculture, are naturally very great, involving The difference, again, between the states occu material changes in the rank of many of the pying the third and the fourth rank is even states. greater than that between the The column relating to live stock second and shows a general agreement with that of agri third. culture. and similar diagrams on other plates, giving a New York falls to the third rank, being exceeded by both Illinois and Iowa, while the great cattle states and territories of the W est, such as Kansas, Nebraska, Montana and W yoming, take high rank. The column of state and local debt presents A reference to the diagram on Plate 22, graphic representation of these differences, will show many like irregularities. For the purpose of more precise compari son the accompanying table has been prepared, presenting the rank of the states in the several an agreement, in its general features, with those columns by percentages. of population, wealth and manufactures, while, highest in each column of Plate 151 is taken as in comparison with agriculture, it shows marked 100, that ranking lowest as o, and the rank of differences. each state is expressed by the percentage which Agricultural states having, as a The state ranking SCRIBNER'S STA TISTICA L ATLAS. CX11 The capital of the country, or that part of its variation from the lowest forms of the total stand first among the nations. In wealth the its wealth employed in further production, was country now surpasses even Great Britain, and In this table the columns of net debt, taxa in 1880 approximately $30,000,000,000, and its in manufactures and mining, as in the total tion and illiteracy reverse the order followed gross income $10,000,000,000, or about 33 per product of all the industries, it also holds the in the corresponding columns of Plate 15 1. cent, of the capital. leading place, which it is not likely ever to While, in a popular sense, a state may be said Edward Atkinson (Special Agent, Tenth Cen lose. to rank highest which has the least of debt, sus), the annual consumption per capita is greatly in advance of all other countries in difference between the lowest and the highest. A s estimated by Mr. Its agricultural products still keep it controlling the food mar taxation and illiteracy per capita, a uniform order is States, in 1880, 17,392,099 persons, or 34^ per cent., were engaged in gainful and reputable occupations. During that year the sum of $79,339,814 was devoted to public primary educa tion, making $5.27 for every of school age, an average tax of 1^ mills on every dollar of total wealth of the country. gross product of manufactures in 1880, was fc369.579.19b and the net product, after deducting the value of materials con sumed, was $1,972,755,642, The value of farm products was $2,213,402,564, or $44.13 per capita; and of live stock, $1,500,464,609 in the aggre gate, and $29.92 per capita. The wealth of the coun try in 1880, estimated at 15 42 79 13 3 13 79 32 3 7 31 39 93 25 60 22 IO 37 64 — IO 40 26 56 39 43 17 8 30 42 32 89 56 40 9 32 59 37 25 21 72 72 59 29 6 33 45 34 8 20 29 32 24 33 17 2 22 40 49 48 72 15 is 36 50 29 l6 8 8 2 35 9 7 O O 13 9 IOO 21 2 37 * 15 9 II 34 35 42 48 7 II 6 38 21 5 4 8 8 l6 12 20 14 9 9 8 4 39 31 37 13 4 3 14 5 53 5 2 17 15 2 47 6 6 16 4 O 64 15 IO 31 II 56 36 54 42 28 57 19 68 13 15 17 14 14 l6 13 10 2 3 5 4 5 5° 6 31 8 IO 44 5 I O 46 12 II IO 23 IO 5 II IO 8 74 51 42 23 35 53 15 17 2 6 8 9 37 32 28 18 29 34 30 7 7 8 8 IO 17 14 23 47 6 30 15 27 I 2 47 3 3 3i 5 30 26 3 17 51 47 57 13 47 35 51 20 II * 17 24 39 O — 2 i5 9 - 6 -17 - 9 -3 6 — 2 - 3° 6 -13 I E ducation . I lliter acy . to to T ax atio n E ducation T ax ation . to E ducation . to W ealth N e t D ebt T ax atio n . to W ealth A griculture . to 14 - 8 I -13 7 - 7 -14 — 20 35 55 - 1 3 - 1 9 O - 8 1 - 8 1 — I -3 4 — IO - 7 7 - 8 7 — 26 - 5 1 — I - 4 8 -4 7 -2 4 - 3 7 -3 3 - 4 9 — 16 - 1 5 - 4 2 - 1 3 -4 3 -3 0 —21 -4 0 - 2 7 - 3 8 — II -3 0 - 4 4 - 6 -13 -19 -5 6 - 7 — IO - 3 — I - 3 4 7 I 14 — 26 6 -13 — l6 - 1 9 O 26 19 17 27 — I 40 - 3 37 2 44 45 0 42 45 I 23 27 -13 -7 2 25 — 22 - 2 3 27 - 1 4 - 2 9 21 - 6 - 3 54 - 3 3 - 5 0 27 - 2 5 — 2 2 30 - 1 3 - 3 5 40 - 3 7 - 2 9 18 - 1 9 - 2 4 22 - 1 4 - 1 8 IO - 5 — I 26 — 12 - 9 -4 7 - 6 -4 2 - 6 - 9 24 12 15 — 2 46 - 3 — I 28 - 5 - 4 28 5 — 2 - 5 I - 6 5 23 -3 1 -2 5 -2 5 - 9 - 3 - 4 — 2 - 52 66 7 9 34 7 4 I 34 37 34 8 5 21 27 4 13 4 29 20 9 4 30 22 52 41 7 12 38 36 40 7 II 7 15 18 6 9 I 35 8 4 — I - - 3 24 33 48 - 3 63 23 - 9 — 2 -13 — 12 - 4 39 5 -3 5 6 6 13 — 2 28 32 60 34 - 5 41 - 7 30 51 66 5 48 13 45 — 2 64 5 8 - 8 -13 - 9 — 12 — 2 25 - 3 3 - 3 2 7 - 3 — IO - 8 - 2 3 — II 7 - 9 O I - 5 27 33 33 l6 30 — II -3 4 -2 5 -3 1 -2 4 -15 -2 5 -3 8 - 7 -2 4 -3 7 -2 5 25 l6 26 Ohio.................................. Indiana............................ Illinois.............................. Michigan.......................... Wisconsin......................... Minnesota................................ Iowa.................................. Missouri............................ Dakota.............................. Nebraska.......................... Kansas.............................. 22 22 II 9 4 II 12 I 2 5 15 l6 24 13 17 l6 15 52 20 l6 34 40 44 32 18 35 23 25 25 IO 19 3 29 23 6 35 51 36 0 II IO 18 I 2 6 8 7 78 65 65 75 IOO 51 48 83 61 32 18 20 30 25 4 7 9 4 20 6 5i 3i 35 33 42 27 18 13 13 38 54 IOO 18 14 65 8 74 74 17 II O 7 O 46 9 O 14 22 28 13 6 96 27 33 l6 3 4 42 14 IOO 29 33 25 34 43 20 27 40 28 9 9 IO 9 5 13 3 3 3 25 14 32 31 25 36 33 20 45 - 2 8 21 - 1 7 38 - 1 9 18 - 1 9 21 - 9 23 - 1 5 28 - 3 4 17 - 1 3 17 - 3 4 - 1 5 27 9 -2 3 18 7 — l6 I 29 - 32 24 23 31 35 56 49 43 - 19 30 54 38 42 40 — 4 -15 O 2 3 -14 II I 9 9 50 - 7 - 6 90 — 2 — I 32 - 5 — 12 O 45 9 II 77 9 6 5 54 - - 31 — 2 39 — II 2 27 28 — IO I 24 I 38 7 - 12 7 9 2 25 l6 — I The advance of States the to the Montana.......................... Wyoming.......................... Colorado............................ New Mexico.......... . . . . A rizona............................ Utah.................................. Nevada.............................. Idaho................................. Washington...................... Oregon.............................. California.......................... I O I I I I I I I I 2 IOO 52 84 22 94 O 83 69 42 37 54 23 15 6l 8 9 29 IO 34 15 IOO 35 60 23 29 21 15 25 53 54 66 90 82 13 37 39 single time century when from peace the with England enabled the new nation to turn its energies to industrial development. It is a mere truism to say that history shows no record of growth in ma terial prosperity at all approaching this; our very 52 38 60 O I O 24 26 5 IOO 22 II 6 2 2 31 72 3 7 39 15 IOO 34 51 35 — I 22 14 60 7 28 33 98 -6 5 -2 4 25 — I - 4 1 — 28 -4 8 - 1 8 - 7 — 22 I 21 - 7 1 — 21 - 8 IO 15 - 9 — 22 - 5 3 - 8 — 6l I 46 -13 -19 37 56 - 3 -19 46 -6 5 - 1 8 makes it difficult for us fully to comprehend its extraordinary character. If the conditions of the future could be compared with those of the past, the next hundred years would justify a forecast the figures of which would be almost bewildering. This com parison is of course im W estern . 49 13 II 20 3° 23 38 O 17 -13 24 O l6 O 13 23 19 — I 35 45 39 l6 45 29 13 - 3 56 5 - 3 75 O — 28 47 1 51 - 1 3 - 5 1 66 - 3 6 - 3 8 6l - 1 4 - 5 5 O O IOO 39 - 7 I 14 83 4 3i - 1 3 39 — l6 35 - 8 86 — 28 possible. draws Every this decade nation more -17 - 4 -9 4 — 22 -2 4 -2 8 completely within the rule -6 5 laws from which its vast of the ordinary economic laws that govern others,— unused The density of population in the District of Columbia is properly comparable only with that of cities. average, $870.13 for each man, woman and child. by that of Great Britain. familiarity with its results 8 — IO 9 - 8 C e n tr a l. ’■ dustry, is exceeded only United C e n tr a l. $43,642,000,000, was, on an great decline in this in present position of leader 6 42 K entucky......................... Tennessee........................ Alabama............................ Mississippi........................ Louisiana.......................... Texas................................ A rkansas......................... N orth ern greater than those of all ship has been made in a South A tla n tic. Delaware.......................... Maryland.......................... District of Columbia__ Virginia............................. West Virginia................. North Carolina ............ South Carolina................ Georgia............................. Florida............................. S o u th e r n Its trade at sea, despite the M anufactures A griculture . to W e alth 80 M anufactures . 38 to 50 W ea lth 50 W e a l th . E ducation . Expenditure per Capita for Primary Schools. $18.70 Highest. 0.81 Lowest. 43 to T ax atio n . State and Local, per Capita. $14.60 Highest. 1.0 6 Lowest. 87 14 P opulation N et D ebt . State and Local, per Capita. $127.66 Highest. 0 .7 1 Lowest. 50,155,783 in the United Highest. Lowest. of 56.83 27.82 population I lliter a c y . Percentage o f W hite Male Adults unable to W rite. L iv e S tock . Value per Capita. $240.85 Highest. 0.69 Lowest. 29 36 27 46 27 Highest. Lowest. A griculture . Farm Product per Capita. $8 3.76 Highest. 2.90 Lowest. 51 50 8 world. Europe, while its carrying N o r t h A t la n t ic . Maine................................ New Hampshire.............. Vermont............................ Massachusetts.................. Rhode Island................ Connecticut...................... New Y o r k ........................... New Jersey...................... Pennsylvania................... of the railways have a mileage Rank. 48.1 1 .7 M anufactures . | Value of Product per Capita. $376.68 Highest. 6.64 Lowest. 26 Highest. Lowest. In C on clu sio n .—Of or $39.33 per capita. IO II 21 254.9 0.2 greatly extended. The 38 IOO 31 56 24 94 IOO T E R R IT O R IE S . which might, of course, be child W e a lth . Tru e Valuation per Capita. important of these com total $ 1 ,653.76 Highest. 250.91 Lowest. AND O ccupations . Ratio to Total Population. in detail some of the more the 37 49 44 94 90 P opulation . D ensity per Square Mile. STATES of The figures indicate a gain of rank— except where the minus sign is prefixed, signifying a loss— in passing from In percentages of the total variation from lowest to highest. of comparison. The second parisons, the number of S e l e c t e d C o m p a r is o n s . W e alth . better serving the purposes ank to R O ccupations adopted in the table, as part of the table presents kets Analysis o f General S u m m a ry b y Ratios.—P late 151. resources have hitherto exempted it. But Deducting the public about $150; in other words, three-fourths of with all this the promise of the future is still debt (national, state and local), amounting to the annual product is consumed in food and such as has never been presented to any people; $3,162,534,517, or $63.04 per capita, the balance raiment, leaving $2,500,000,000 to be added such as not only to justify hopes of continually of unencumbered wealth was over $40,000,- yearly to the permanent wealth of the country. increasing 000,000, or $807.09 for every inhabitant. material prosperity, but also to The Using the estimates of Mr. Mulhall ( “ Bal insure the success of that great political experi amount raised by direct taxation was $302,- ance Sheet of the W o rld ” ) in regard to other ment, “ whose further history,” as an English 200,694, or $6.03 per capita, which was but countries, it appears that in nearly all the writer has said, “ is of unbounded importance 6^ mills on each dollar of true valuation. factors of material prosperity, the United States to the future welfare of mankind.” P late 1 3 9 M IN IN -G (On the Authority of State Geologists, Mineralogists, and Experts.) , PRODUCT PER CAPITA, BY STATES J (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) oniand 3linneapolia Milwaukee* 'Buffalo WUCH. :a„awq>ids Detroit* Ttacine Dubuque1 IOWA Chicago' Omaha^ Lincoln* ) D Leaven wortKV, >Kansas City ■ Topeka StXouis^f ! ot"° c o lu m n / ’Louisville Nashville L p~his em Colunihi^ .Atlanta i-leston, ------------[ .Shreveport MISS. yickshurg Montgomery Savannah* No product reported. Under $1 per Capita $1 and under $5 per Capita. San Antonio ralveston Gold Product, per Capita, by States, 1880, Rank State. Ala. .. $ .001 Tenn.. .001 M e.... .005 V a .... .006 S.C. .. .0 1 0 N.H... .030 Ga. ... .050 N.C. .. .080 Alsk. . .200 N. Mex .410 Wyo. . .&30 Wash.- 1.810 Utah.. 2.030 Ariz. . Oreff. . Colo. . Cal. .. Dak. .. Ida. .. Mont.. Nev. 771 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 INDEX, Per Capita. $1 per Capita. Ala. ..21 N .H ...16 Alsk. .13 N.Mex 13 Ariz. . 8 N.C...14 Cal. - 6 Oreg.. 7 C o lo .. 6 S.C. ..17 Dak... 4 Term.. 20 Ga. ...15 Utah.. 9 Ida. .. 3 Va___18 M e.... 19 Wash.-lO Mont.. 2 Wyo. .11 N ev... 1 Unsettled parts Mining Regions. Estimated Gold and Silver Product of the United States, 1845-1880, Total Gold Product, by States, 1880, Rank State. Amount. $ 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 INDEX. Utah.......... .................................................. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 California..................................................... 1,301 1.998 2.999 5,951 9,321 10,999 13.040 17,321 49,354 81,029 118,853 135,800 211,965 291,587 1,097,701 1,479.653 1,805,767 2,699,898 3,305,843 4,888,242 17,150,941 SCALE: $3,000,000 $ 4,000,000 $6,000,000 $8,000,000 Ala. . -21|N.H...16 Alsk. -1 8 ^ 0 /^ 1 3 Ariz. . 9IN.C...11 Cal. . - 1 Oreg.. 7 Colo. . 4 S.C. ..15 Dak. . . 3 Tenn..20 Ga.. . .12 Utah... 8 Ida. . . 6 Va___ 17 Me... .19 Wash.-10 Mont. . 5 Wyo. .14 Nev.. . 2 (Based on the Reports of the Director of the Mint.) Silver. Gold. $ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Gold and Silver Product of the World, 1880. (Based on the Report o f the Director o f the Mint!) Country. Norway. Europe, unspecified. Sweden. Italy. Argentine R epublic. Germany..................... ............ Bolivia, Chili, Brazil and Peru. Japan... Canada. Mexico. Austria. Africa. Venezuela. Colombia. Russia. Australia. United States. Total. $ 166,270 2,078,380 62,435 17,949 420,225 5,576, ' 10,392,500 916,400 68,205 25,167,763 2,002,727 Gold and Silver Deposited at the Mints and Assay Offices] from their Organization to June 30, 1880. (Based on thCTReport o f the Director o f the Mint.) * Massachusetts........................... $ 918, Michigan.................................... 3,443,675 Maryland Vermont. New Hampshire Alaska........................................ 1 Tennessee.. Washington Alabama Utah Wyoming South Carolina New Mexico Virginia Arizona Dakota Georgia North Carolina Nevada Oregon Idaho.. Colorado Montana California C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S. P late1 4 0 nvmisrinsrG- SILVER (On the Authority of State Geologists, Mineralogists, and Experts.) . PRODUCT PER CAPITA, BY STATES.J (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) >niand Minneapolis ■ Jljock * ® 'Buffalo V. Dubuque1 Milwaukee^ | T ta c in e fl ,a \ora>>< Twpia* Detroit) JJIni Chicago* Omaha*} Lincoln* ) Cievel Peoria o y io Columbus rJ S»cinnati ^ StXouis ^ / \ .v a . w 'Louisville KANS. .Nashville Total Product, 1880, Rank State. CMempb*8 ., Amount. 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Alsk. _ $ 51 $2,000,000 S.C. .. 56 N.C. -140 $4,000,000 Ga. .. . 332 Wash.1,019 $6,000,000 M e.... 7,200 N .H... 16,000 Estimated. $8,000,000 Mich.. 25,858 Oreg. . 27,793 Dak... 70,813 N. Mex 392,337 Ida. .. 464,550 Cal.. . 1,150,887 Ariz. . 2,325,825 2 1 Mont.. Utah.. Nev... Colo. - Rank Capita. SCALE: S.C. .. $ .00005 N .C ...0001 Ga..............0002 Alsk. . .002 Me. . . .011 Wash..014 Mich.. .020 N.H... .050 Oreg.. .160 Dak... .520 cai. .. N. Mex Ida. .. Utah. . Ariz. . Mont.. Colo. . ARK. $1 per Capita. X - / *S C [-Teutoni I n 1 ------------- ( ■ Shreveport l. IN D E X , MISS. yichshurg San Antonio No product reported Under $1 per Capita ALA.. Montgomery $1 and under $5 i*j;atchea Mobile 18Mont.. 4 5 N ev ... 2 6 N.H...12 . 1 N.Mex 8 9 N.C. -.16 15 Oreg. .10 7 S.C. -.17 13 Utah.. 3 11 Wash.-14 2,905,068 4.743,087 12,430,667 16,549,274 Product, per Capita, 1880, Columbia, lit t le Hock / SCALE: 18 17 16 15 14 13 jacksonv ialveston $50 and over, Unsettled parts Mining Regions. IN D E X , Alsk. .15 Mont.. 3 Ariz. . 4 Nev. . 1 C al.... 8 N.H. .11 Colo. . 2 N.Mex 7 Dak... 9 N.C. .17 Ga.. ..16 Oreg. .10 Ida. . . 6 8.0. . .18 M e... .14 Utah . 5 M ich..12 Wash. AS l.aso Nev— I 3.280 14.250 32.940 57.510 74.190 85.160 199.630 COPPER 'O (On the Authority of State Geologists, Mineralogists, and Experts.) T r ii ) 1 i PRODUCT PER CAPITA, BY STATES J (Based on the Returns of the £^ 3 Tenth Census.) brtland Minneapolis yioc»' -Buffalo Dubuque1 »°k ly n IOWA Omaba^ Lincoln* ) ! oyio ''r& columbus ' Cincinnati j V/.VA. Topeka Ricbtuoi 'Louisville ♦Nashville tenn. CMemphis. Columbia N .M EX , .Atlanta rleston, ------------- f (Shreveport MISS. yicTjsburg Product, per Capita, 1880, 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State. Per Capita. Wis. .. $ .001 .008 Pa. .. . .012 M o.... N.H... .017 .028 M e.... N .C ... .250 V t .. .. Mich.. SCA LE: $1 per Capita. 1.413 4.874 Total Product (Value), 1880, Amount. Mich. San Antonio 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 and under $5 jacksonv $50 and over. Mining Regions. Pounds. V a .... 678 Ga.. .. 922 Colo. . 1,578 Alsk. . 3,933 N. Mex 4,055 T e x ... 5,084 Wis. .. 18,087 Md---30,910 N .II... 34,050 M e .... 102,500 Ida. .. 150,000 Tenn.. 153,880 Pa. ... 214,736 M o.... 230,717 Cal. .. 720,000 734,730 Nev... Mont.. 1,212,500 N.C... 1,640,000 Vt----- 2,647,894 Ariz. . 3,183,750 Mich.. 45,830,262 Sav aD na Unsettled parts Total Product (Ingots), 1880, Rank State. Jalveston No product reported. Under $1 per Capita Montgomery Mobile Rank U juim^n •Cr IN D E X , SCALE: Alsk. .18 N ev... 6 1,000,000 Pounds Ariz. . 2 N.H...13 Cal. .. 7 N.Mex 17 Colo. .19 N.C. .. 4 Ga. ...2 0 Pa. . . . 9 Ida. ..11 Term.. 10 M e....1 2 Tex. ..16 Md---- 14 Vt. . . . 3 M ich.. 1 Va-----21 M o .... 8 Wis. ..15 Mont. . 5 10,000,000* C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S. j^l h s t u s t g P late i 4 1 Per C apita. R ank State. 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 INDEX. Total Product, Ala. ..15 Mont. .23 Ark. ..21 Nebr.. 24 Cal. -.13 N .C ...25 Colo. .11 O hio.. 8 Ga. . .17 Oreg. .20 111....... 2 Pa. .. . 1 Ind. .. 6 R.I---- 22 Iow a.. 5 Tenn. .14 Kans.. 8 Va. ...19 K y .. . . 9 Wash.-16 M d.... 4 W. Va. 7 Mich. .18 Wyo. .10 M o.-.-12 1880. Rank State. Value. 25 N.C. .. $ 24 Nebr.. 23 Mont.. 22 21 20 10 I U ------ 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 A rk ... Oreg. . V a .. .. Mich.. Ga. .. . Wash. Ala. .. Tenn.. Cal. .. Mo. .. Colo. . Wyo. . K y ... . Kans.. W. Va. Ind. .. Iowa . M d.... Ohio.. Ill____ Pa. a. 400 750 800 15,440 33,535 97,810 100,637 224,500 231,605 389,046 475,559 628,954 663,013 1,037,100 1,041,350 1,080,451 1,123,046 1,498,168 1,971,847 2,143,093 2,473,155 2,584,455 7,629,488 8,739,755 60,383,651 SCALE: $2,000,000 $4,000,000 $6,000,000 $8,000,000 - N .C ... $ .0002 Nebr.. .002 Mont. . .020 A rk ... .042 .056 R.I---Va. . . .067 .137 M ich.. .150 G a .. . . .377 Ala. .. .408 Tenn.. .478 M o .... .560 O reg.. K y .... .681 .767 C al.... 1.083 Ind. .. Kans.. 1.504 1.522 Iowa.. Ohio.. 2.386 Md. .. 2.764 1 ___ 11 W. Va. Wash.Colo. . Pa. . .. Wyo. . SCALE: $1 per Capita. Ala. .17 Mont. .23 Ark.. .22 Nebr. .24 Cal. . .12 N.C.. .25 Colo. - 3 Ohio. 8 G a... .18 Oreg. .14 111.— . 6 Pa. .. 2 Ind. . .11 R .I... 21 Iowa . 9 Tenn. .16 Kans. .10 V a ... 20 K y.-- .13 Wash. 4 Md... - 7 W. Va 5 Mich. .19 Wyo. 1 M o... .15 $4 $5 $10 *15 $20 $25 $35 *4 0 *.45 *10,000 OQO $ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ '4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ^ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 a The wave line indicates the anthracite ■product of Pennsylvania. Total Out-put of Coal in 1880. Variety. SCALE: 1.000,000 Tons. Tons. 10,000,000 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 15,000,000 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 I Anthracite . 28,649,812 Bituminous. 42,776,624 .3 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Jotal Out-Put of Anthracite Coal, 1820- 1880. (Fromthe “ Am erican Alm anac and Treasury of Facts,” 1881.) ighest. Year. Low est. H ighest. Year. Low est. H Year 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 is:i() 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1830 1837 1838 1839 1 S 40 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1653 1654 1855 1856 1857 ia r >8 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1805 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1870 1877 1878 1879 1880 Tons. 365 1,073 3,720 6,951 11,108 34,893 48,047 63,434 77,516 112,083 174,734 176,820 363,871 487,748 376,636 560,758 684,117 879,441 738,697 818,402 864,384 959,973 1,108,418 1,263,598 1,630,850 2,013,013 2,344,005 2,882,309 3,089,238 3,242,966 3,358,889 4,448,916 4,993,471 5,195,151 6,002,334 6,608,517 6.927,580 6,664,941 6,759,369 7,808,252 8,513,123 7,954,314 7.875,412 9,566,006 10,177,475 9,652,391 12,703,882 12.991.725 13,834,132 13.723,030 15,849,899 15,113,407 19,026.125 19.585.178 18.980.726 19,712,472 18,501,311 20.828.179 17,605,262 28,142,689 28,649,812 1825 $ 8 1826 11 1827 10 1828 10 1829 10 1839 7 1831 6 1832 8 1833 5 1834 5 1835 5 1836 7 1837 8 1838 7 1839 6 SCALE: 1,000,000 Tons. 2,000,000. 1840 3,000,000 6 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1810 1847 1848 1849 185(1 1851 1&52 6 5 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 00 $11 00 1853 $5 00 00 12 00 1854 6 00 50 00 00 00 00 50 50 50 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 25 50 00 00 50 00 00 25 00 12 12 12 12 9 16 10 6 50 00 00 00 00 00 00 50 9 (X) 11 00 11 00 9 50 9 00 8 50 9 00 9 00 6 00 6 00 6 00 7 00 7 00 6 00 6 00 7 00 7 00 7 00 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1870 1877 1878 1879 1880 5 5 6 5 5 5 4 4 7 50 50 00 00 25 50 20 25 9 00 (X ) 8 50 8 50 6 50 6 50 6 50 4 50 5 00 3 75 5 00 4 55 4 40 3 75 3 25 2 75 2 15 3 50 00 50 7 50 6 50 7 00 6 00 5 50 6 00 6 00 8 50 11 00 15 (X ) 13 50 13 00 8 50 11 50 10 50 8 50 13 00 6 25 6 50 5 55 5 55 5 55 3 75 4 50 3 25 4 45 * 7 7 1880. PRICE-CHART OF ANTHRACITE COAL FOR 56 Table of Lowest and Highest Prices o f Anthra cite Coal, per Ton, In New York, (From a paper by P. W. Sheafer, M. E., of Pottsvllle, Penn., read before the Association for the Advancement of Science, Saratoga, Sept., 1879.) *10 EUEIl S fS IS E IS B n Lowest and Highest Prices, per Ton, in New York (Based on the accompanying table of prices.) S U S IS IS E ii!H 5 3 Hi JEESEEJESEiiSIiniE! $10 ighest 4,000,000 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 .owest SCALE OF CHART.—Each space between the horizontal lines represents 20 cents. 10,000 ,000 , 15,000,000 2 0 , 000,000 2 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S. nvLursrinNrGr P late 1 4 2 (On the Authority of State Geologists, Mineralogists, and Experts.) s, PRODUCT PER CAPITA, BY STATES, i (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) <y%fg, ortland MINN Minneapolis 'YouJilyn Dubuque1 IOWA DesMoines Peoria Lincoln*1 IND. o ’ I C A >tfO • o u nbxft* Indlanapo1 9 1 Leavonworfl Topeka Columbia little Rock N.MEX. } ARK. Tucson^ ------------- ( •Shreveport ileston, MISS. X^vicltsburg •a la *.; Montgomery 1Natchez San Antonio \ / 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 State. Vt. ... 8 Oreg.. 21 20 N .C .. . V t. . . . N .C ... 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 M e.... Del. .. M e.... Wis. . W. Va. K y ..M d.... 12 Ga. . . 11 Tenn.. 10 Conn.. 9 Ala. .. 8 Mass.. 7 Va. . . 6 Ohio.. 5 M o.... 4 N .J ... 3 N .Y .— 2 1 Rank Value. State. Pa. .. . Mich.. 2,750 4,669 5,102 6,553 9,000 73,000 88,595 88,930 118,050 120,692 129,951 147,799 189,108 226,130 384,331 448,000 1,674,875 2,900,442 3,499,132 4,318,999 6,034,648 Under $1 per Capita Product per Capita, (Value), 1880, Total Product, (Value), 1880, Rank No product reported Lveston IN D E X $.6,000,000 Ala. .. 9jN.Y... 3 Conn..10 N .C ...19 Del. ..18 Ohio.. 6 Ga. . .12 Oreg. .20 ICy___ 14 P a .... 2 Me___17Tenn..ll Md— 13 Vt. ...21 Mass.. 8 Va. . . 7 Mich.. 1 W.Va.15 M o .... 5 Wis. -.16 N .J ... 4 O r e g .. Del. .. K y .... W is... Ga___ T e n n .. M d .... 12 11 10 Mass.. O h io .. 9 W. Va. 8 Ala. .. 7 C o n n .. 6 V a .... 5 4 3 N .Y ... M o .... 2 1 N .J . . . Pa.. .. Mich.. Per Capita. $1 and under $5 per Capita SCALE: 8 .004 .008 .014 .027 .045 .054 .055 .078 .084 .126 .127 .140 .143 .150 .237 .254 .688 .772 1.008 2.564 $1 per Capita. $50 and over, Ala. . 8.N.Y.Conn . 7 N .C .. Del. .17 Ohio. Ga.. .14 Oreg. K y ... .16 Pa.. . M e... .19 Tenn. Md... .12 Vt. .. Mass. .11 Va. . Mich. . 1 W .V a M o... . 4 W is.. N.J. . 2 5 Unsettled parts 21 10 Mining Regions. 18 3 13 20 6 9 15 AUTHORITY P R O D U C T P E R C A P IT A . The location of mining regions, as indicated on the maps of this series, L ._ 1SSO . is based upon information obtained from the several gentlemen whose names are given below. The author’s acknowledgments are due for Product per Capita, (Value), 1880, the invaluable aid thus rendered, especially to A l b e r t W ill ia m s , Jr ., Chief of the Division of Mining Statistics and Technology, United Rank State. Per Capita. States Geological Survey, for his final revision of all locations, as w ell 7 Tenn.. i n _____ as for data concerning Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, 5 4 3 Iowa Va. . . W is... Kans.. M o.... nebr. $ .0 0 2 6 .0 1 0 .0 1 2 .0 2 2 Oregon, Utah, and Washington, and also to P r o p . R a p h a e l P u m p e l l y , Director of the Northern Pacific Transcontinental Survey and Special 2 i $1 per Capita. KANS. .060 .427 .682 Agent of the Tenth Census, for information as to iron, coal, copper, and lead, in Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, Kansas, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Utah, Virginia, W ash No product reported ington, and W est Virginia. Under $1 per Capita Alabama— .E u gen e A . S m ith , State Geologist. $1 and under $5 per Capita Arkansas . . . .P r o p . L ou is G r a f , Geologist. California.. .H e n r y G. H a n k s , State Mineralogist. Connecticut. .P ro f . J am e s D. D a n a , Editor “ American Journal o f Science,” Yale Total Product, (Value), 1880, Rank State. 7 Tenn.. Iowa.. Ill___ Va. . . W is... Kans.. M o.... College. D akota... .P r o f . P. B. S ib l e y , Geologist. 6 Delaware. . (The Governor reports no mineral product of value.) Florida ... .W m . H. A sh m ead , E sq ., Jacksonville. 5 4 3 Georgia... .G. T. H end erso n , Commissioner o f Agriculture. 2 1 Value. 2,500 19,172 30,200 33,000 78,525 460,980 1,478,571 8 $50 and over, Mining Regions. .P ro f . A. H. W orth en , State Geologist. Indiana...............J ohn C o l l e tt , Geologist, Chief o f the Bureau o f Statistics. PRODUCING REGIONS..^ Iow a..................-S. C a l v in , A. M., Professor o f Natural Science, State University. Kentucky........... J ohn R. P roctor , State Geologist. Louisiana...........J. R . W a l k e r , Geologist. Maine................. P ro f . G eorge H. S tone , Geologist. Maryland............P ro f . A r t is II. S h erm a n , Geologist. Massachusetts . . L u c a l B a k e r , E sq ., Templeton, Mass. Michigan______ C h a r le s E. W r ig h t , M. E., Commissioner of Mineral Statistics. Minnesota.......... N. H. W in c h e l l , State Geologist. Mississippi.......... R e v . E. S. R obinson , Professor o f Geology. Missouri..............P rof . G. C. B r o ad h e ad , Geologist. Montana. ( G eorge W. C an n on , Helena, Mont. J ohn W. E d d y , Helena, Mont., .P ro f . S. A u g h e y , Geologist. New Hampshire.P r o f . C. H. H itch co ck , Geologist, Dartmouth College. Product per Capita, (Value), 1880. Rank 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State. |i M Per Capita. Mass.. 8 .002 .006 Kans.. .013 K y .... .019 T e x . .. Pa.. ... .041 .060 La. .. . V a .... .084 .114 Ohio.. Cal. .. .141 N.Y. — .218 Utah.. .419 Wyo... .421 W.Va. .615 Mich.. 1.388 N e v ... d T ~ \ . & P R O D U C T P E R C A P IT A . i- 1880. ; „S [ SCALE: $1 per Capita. NEBR. IOWA. KANS. TENN. 1.488 New Jersey........ G eorge H. C ook , State Geologist. New York.......... P rof . J am es H a l l , State Geologist. North Carolina..W . C. K e r r , State Geologist. Ohio.................... E d w ar d O rton , P h. D., Professor o f Geology, President State Uni versity. Pennsylvania___Office o f the State Geological Survey. South Carolina..H a r r y H am m ond , Beech Island, S. C. Tennessee..........J. B. K il l e b r e w , Commissioner o f Mines, Special Agent o f the Tenth Census. Texas. S a m u e l B. B u c k l e y , State Geologist. V erm ont. H. A. C u ttin g , State Geologist. Wisconsin T. C. C h a m b e r la in , State Geologist. Wyoming S. F. E mmons , Geologist, United States Geological Survey, Special Agent o f the Tenth Census. Total Product, (Value), 1880, Rank State. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 No product reported Under $1 per Capita Value. Mass.. S 3,800 Made from sea-water. Kans.. 5,700 Wyo. . 8,760 S C A L E : Ky. . . 21,950 $2,000,000 T e x ... 29,700 La. . . . 56,160 o :k salt mined and ground.. Utah.. 60,280 $4,000,000 N ev... 92,640 •om sea-water. Cal.... 121,650 Va___ 127,678 Pa. . .. 177,415 Ohio.. 363,791 W.Va. 380,369 N .Y ... 1,107,760 M ich.. 2,271,913 C O P Y R IG H T , 1883', B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S. $1 and under $5 per Capita. $50 and over, Producing Regions.. P late 1 4 3 F IS H E R IE S VALUE OF PRODUCTS. (Based on the Returns o f th€f Tenth Census.) ALL FISHERIES. Product per Capita Rank Total Product. Rank State. Value. 29 Minn.. $ 5,200 28 Miss. . 22,540 27 Tnd. .. 32,740 2 G Ill___ 60,100 25 Ala. .. 119,275 21 G a . - - . 119,993 23 T e x ... 128,300 22 N .I I ... 176,684 21 Wash.181,372 2 0 s . c . .. 212,482 19 Wis. .. 253,100 18 P a . . . . 320,050 17 L a. . . . 392,610 10 Ohio.. 518,420 15 F l a . . . 643,227 14 Mich.. 716,170 13 N .C... 845,695 12 R . I ----880.915 11 Del. .. 997,695 10 Conn.. 1,456,866 9 Cal. .. 1,860,714 8 Alsk. . 2,(561,640 7 O r e g .. 2,781,024' 6 V a .-.. 3,124,444 5 ■N.J. . . 3,176,589 4 M e .... 3,614,178 3 N .Y ... 4,380,565 2 Md___ 5,221,715 8,141.150 SCALE: INDEX. $ 2 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 State. Minn.. Ind. .. Miss. . IU___ Pa. .. . -M G a ... . 23 T e x ... 2 2 Ala. .. 21 Ohio.. 2 0 W is... 19 s . c . .. 18 La. ... 17 Mich.. 16 N.II... 15 N .C ... 14 N .Y ... 13 V a ... . 12 Cal. .. 11 Conn.. 10 Fla. .. 9 Wash.8 N.J. .. 7 R.I. .. 6 Mass.. 5 M e.... 4 M d.... 3 {Del. .. 29 28 27 26 25 Ala. . .25 Miss. .28 Alsk. . 8 N.H.. .22 Cal. . . 9 N.J. . 5 Conn. .10 N.Y.. 3 Del. . .11 N O .. .13 Fla. . .15 Ohio. .16 G a... .24 Oreg. 7 111.. . .26 Pa. .. .18 Ind. . .27 R .I... .12 La. .. .17 S.C. . 20 Me... 4 Tex.. .21 Md... . 2 V a... 6 Mass. 1 Wash. -21 Mich. .14 Wis.. .19 Minn. .29 $4,000,00C $ i,000,000 2 1 Value. $ £ -; 2 .006 .016 .019 .019 .074 .077 .080 .094 .162 .192 .213 .417 .437 .509 .604 .861 2.065 2.151 2.339 2.386 2.414 2.808 3.185 4.566 5.569 5.585 6.805 15.912 1.217.584 SCALE: $1 per ( 10, 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 $ GENERAL FISHERIES. Product per Capita, Rank Total Product. Rank State. Value. Minn.. $ 5,200 Miss. . 12,540 Ind. .. 32,740 111_____ 60,100 Ala. .. 74,325 T e x ... 81,000 G a .. . . 84,993 Wash.- 109,960 Pa. . . . 132,550 N .H... 170,634 192,482 S.C. .. La. . . . 192,610 W is... 253,100 302,242 R.I---309,029 Del. .. Conn.. 383,887 Fla. .. 426,527 M d. .. 479,388, Ohio.. 518,420 Alsk. . 564,640 V a .. . . 602,239 M ich.. 716,170 N .C... 785,287 N.J. .. 949,678 Cal. .. 1,341,314 N .Y ... 1,689,357 Oreg.. 2,776,724 M e.... 3,576,678 Mass.. 5,581,204 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 SCALE: INDEX, $ 2,000,000 Ala. .25 Miss. .2 8 Alsk. .1 0 N.H.. .2 0 Cal. . . 5 N.J. . . 6 Conn -14 N.Y.. . 4 Del. .15 N.C.. - 7 Fla. .13 .Ohio. .1 1 Ga. .. .23 Oreg. . 3 1 1 . . .26 Pa. .. .2 1 1. Ind. .27 R .I... .16 La. .. 18 S.C. . .19 M e... . 2 T ex.. .21 Md... .1 2 V a... . 9 Mass. . 1 Wash -2 2 Mich. . 8 W is.. .1 7 Minn. .2 9 $4,000,000 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 $ 8, 000,000 State. Value. Minn.. $ .006 Miss. . .011 Ind. .. .016 Ill___ .019 Pa. . . . .030 T ex ... .050 Ga___ .055 Ala. -.058 Ohio.. .162 W is... .192 S.C. .. .193 La. . . . .204 N .Y ... .332 V a .. . .398 M ich.. .437 N.II... .491 M d.... .512 .561 N.C. .. Conn.. .616 N.J. .. .839 1.092 R .I .... Wash.1.463 1.551 Cal. .. Fla. .. 1.582 Del. .. 2.107 Mass.. 3.130 5.511 M e.... Oreg.. 15.888 Alsk. . 258.298 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 2 1 10 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 * II • OYSTER FISHERY. ’roduct per Capita Rank Total Product. Rank State. Value. N.H... $ 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 M iss. . Wash.F la . . . S.C. .. [G a -----M e .... A la . . . T e x ... N.C. .. 9 Pa. . . . L a. . . . 8 R.I— 7 M a s s .. 5 4 3 D e l. . . N .Y ... N.J. .. 2 1 V a .... M d .... 6 Conn.. 6,050 10,000 10,000 15,950 20,000 35,000 37,500 44,950 47,300 60,000 187,500 200,000 856,925 405,550 672,875 687,725 1,577,050 2,080,625 2,218,376 4,730,476 State. Miss. . 19 N .H... 18 S.C. .. 17 Ga. .,. 20 INDEX. SCALE: $ 2,000,000 $4,000,000 Ala. -.13 N .H ,..20 Conn,. 6 N.J. .. 3 Del. .. 5 N .Y ... 4 Fla. ..17 N.C. ..11 Ga. ...15 Pa. ...10 La. . . . 9 R.I___8 M e....14 S.C. ..16 Md. .. 1 Tex. ..12 Mass.. 7 Va. .. . 2 Miss. .19 Wash.-18 Value. 15 Ala. .. 14 N .C ... 13 Pa. .. . 12 Me_ _ 11 Fla. .. Wash.- 10 9 L a ... . Mass.. 7 N .Y ... 6 Conn.. 8 V a .... 3 N.J. .. 2 Del. .. 1 Md. .. 4 000,000 .008 .017 .020 .022 $ .035 .042 .043 .057 .059 .133 .212 .227 .310 1.080 1.466 1.839 4.690 5.059 * 10,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 SEAL FISHERY. Product per Capita, Rank 5 4 3 Total Product. Rank 5 4 3 2 1 State. Oreg.. Cal. .. Wash.Conn.Alsk. . Value. 2 i SCALE: State. Cal. .. Oreg.. Conn.. Wash.Alsk. . Value. $ .018 .024 .179 .817 959.057 SCALE: $1 per Capita. , , $! 4 Y Computed on the white and Creole population only, and therefore the comparison line is omitted. 2 000,000 $ , $ 4,300 15,750 61,412 111,851 2,096,500 $4,000,000 $ 6,000,000 $ 8,000,000 *1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SO NS. P late 1 4 4 F IS H E R IE S (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) VALUE OF PRODUCTS. —Continued. V A L U E OF PRODU CT, PER C A PIT A , MENHADEN FISHERY. \ i i Mont. \ j __ i — \ i M 1 DAK. i 1 i W YO . i— / U TAH. / j j j \ 1 NEBR. 7 1 ‘v . r COLO. KANS. H.MtX. Product per Capita. Rank 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Total Product. R ank 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State. Value. Del. .. $ 941 .Md.... 11,851 Mass.. 61,769 N.J. .. 146.286 R.T— 221,748 Conn.. 256,205 V a ... . 303,829 N .Y ... 1,114,158 SCALEi $ 2 ,coo,0 00 State. Value. Del. .. $ .006 M d.... .012 Mass.. .034 N.J. .. .129 Va----.200 N .Y ... .219 Conn.. .411 R.I---.801 T EX SCALEi $1 per Capita. $3 $4 X /- \ $5 $10,00 0,00 0 V A L U E OF PRODUCT, PER C A PIT A , WHALE FISHERY. **•---- M o n t r ! — Product per Capita. Rank 5 4 3 2 1 Total Product. Rank State. Value. SCALEi State. Value. N .C ... $ .0002 Conn.. .051 AM. . ..228 Cal,... .233 Mass.. 1.171 | 1 . i M OAK. 1 1 L. ! W YO. SCALEi $1 per Capita. $2 7 $3 $4 " i ,J ._ — '- 'j NEBR. \ $5 $ 2,000,000 5 N .C ... $ 408 500 4 Alsk. . 3 iConn.. 32,048 2 Cal. .. 201,650 1 Mass.. 2,089,337 K EY * 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 I "No product reported____ Under $1 per Capita-------$1 and under $2 per Capita.. $2 .. Rank Product. Value. „ — .................... m u $5 „ » $10 „ $10.. „ $15 „ $16.. Fishery Product of the United States. .. $20.. SCALEi $ 2 ,000,000 7 Sponge fishery............ $ 200,750 6 Menhaden fishery....... 2,116,787 2,289,813 4 Whale fishery............... 2,323,943 13,403,852 2 1 General fisheries........ 22,405,018 1 1 All products................. 43,046,053 1<____ 1 0 L g. 1 0 twit 1 tru 1 UO T 2> 3 on 4 «0 iw C reen )7o $ .._ _ 10, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 2 0 , 000,000 .* ___ $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 » --- $20 and over, per Capita__ 10 8 10 7 10 6 1U 6 10 4 10 3 10 2 1 0 L n . 1 0 W 90 from 1 u g 0 eit 8 Green. 70 0 < 0 5 0 40 3 0 C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S. iW 1 (T P late 1 4 5 T R A n ST SP O R T A T IO IT CARRIAGE BY RAIL. (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) Estimated R A IL W A Y EARNINGS, fs—y per Capita, by States, 1880 . Estimated Railway Earnings, per Capita, by States, 1880. IN D E X , SCALE: Rank State 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 A rk.. . L a .__ M iss... W .Va. Tex. .. K y ----Ala. . . F la ... . Tenn. . N.C— V a....... Kans. S.C. . . M d... Ga....... Nebr. . W is.... Colo. .. Mich. . Me_ _ Minn. . Utah .. Ohio -Pa. . -. Iowa .. Ind. . . X.Y. -. Mass. . Nev. . . Ill........ Vt........ R.I. ... N.H. .. Mo_ _ N.J. . . 3 Conn. . 2 Cal.. .. 1 D el... . Per Capita A la ... .32 M iss.. .36 A rk.. .38 Mo.. . 5 C al... . 2 Nebr. .23 Colo. .21 Nev... .10 Conn. . 3 N.H. . . 6 D el... 1 N .J ... 4 F la... .31 N.Y. . .12 G a.... .24 N.C.-- .29 111. ... 9 Ohio . .16 In d ... .13 P a .. . .15 Iowa . .14 R .I. . 7 Kans. .27 S .C .. 26 Ky. .. .33 Tenn. .30 La. .. .37 Tex... .34 Me. .. .19 Utah. 17 M d... .25 V t. . . 8 Mass. .11 V a .... 28 Mich. .20 W.Va 35 Minn. .18 W is... .22 per Capita. $2 $3 $4 $5 $1 43 3 54 3 68 3 87 4 38 4 73 4 94 5 02 5 06 b 57 6 19 6 26 6 27 6 45 6 74 7 59 7 91 8 66 9 63 9 94 11 32 12 28 13 01 13 36 13 38 14 09 14 32 14 68 15 03 J6 89 16 90 1? 80 18 88 19 18 22 99 25 05 28 63 35 47 $7 $8 TEN N. s ' Under $5 pec Capita $5 and under $10 per Capita IO Over $30 per Capita $20 *2 5 $30 $35 Estimated Total Railway Earnings, by States, 1880, H k an State 38 Nev— 37 Ark. .. 36 F la ... . 35 Colo. .. 34 U ta h .. 33 W.Va. 32 La___ 31 Nebr. . 30 Miss... 29 R.I. . . 28 D e l- - 27 V t___ 26 Md. .. . 25 S.O . . . 24 Kans. . 23 A la .... 22 Me_ _ 21 N.H. .. 20 Tex. .. 19 T en n .. 18 N .C .... 17 Ky. .. . 16 M inn.. 15 Va. .. . 14 Wis. .. 13 Ga....... 12 Mich. . 11 Conn. . 10 Iowa .. 9 Cal. ... 8 N .J---7 Mass. . 6 Ind---5 4 Mo_ _ 3 111........ 2 Pa___ 1 N .Y. .. Amount $ 936,000 1,144,000 1,352,000 1,664,000 1,768,000 2,392,000 3,328,000 3,432,000 4,056,000 Total Rolling Stock, 1880. IN D E X . sc a l e : $ 2, 000,000 $4,000,000 $ 6,000,000 1 ,000,000 *10 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 ) 2 , 000,000 $14,000,000 $16,000,000 $18,000,000 $ Ala. . .23 Miss—.30 Ark. . .37 Mo. .. 4 C al... 9 Nebr. 31 Colo. .35 Nev... .38 Conn. .11 N .H .. .21 D el.. ‘28 N.J. . . 8 Fla. .. .36 N .Y. . . 1 G a.... N.C— .18 111. ... 3 Ohio . . 5 Ind. . . 6 Pa. . . . 2 Iowa 10 R .I ... 29 Kans. 24 S.C — .25 Ky. .. 17 Tenn. .19 La. .. .32 T e x .. .20 Me. . 22 U ta h . .34 Md._ .26 V t— . .27 Mass. . 7 V a — .15 Mich. .12 W .V a 33 Minn. ,16 W is.. .14 Kind SCALE: 100,000 25,000 Number 200,000 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 Freight cars............................... Cars not classified..................... 17,412 12,330 4,475 Mail, express and baggage cars Profit on Capital Stock, 1880. Range of Profit SCALE: * 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $50,000,000 Capital 8tock * 7 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 *5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Under five per cent........... $920,362,899 Five to ten per cent........... 621,564,219 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Ten to fifteen per cent...... 479,357,019 Fifteen to twenty per cent. 67,373,787 Over twenty per cent......... 14,410,322 *3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 10,400,000 * 4 -0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 15,600,000 21,736,000 24,752,000 , 26,000,000 26,000,000 ’ 27,872,000 41,600,000 41,600,000 52,000,000 57,200,000 72,800,000 w *5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 *6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 *7 0 ,000,,000 Analysis of Railway Earnings and Expenses, 1880. Aggregate transportation earnings.. total freight earnings.. Total fi Local freigh t................... Through freigh t........... .. All other freigh t............. Total passenger earnings.. Local passenger.- ........ . Through passenger — A ll other passenger...... M ails.................................... Express............................... Earnings not analyzed---- $ 580,,450,594 416, 145,758 233, 688,202 176, 909,131 5, 548,425 144, 101,709 98,,321,340 44, 514,393 1,265,976 10,,472,813 8,,828,259 '902,055 Aggregate transportation expenses............ Total operating and miscellaneous expenses Agents and station service . Fuel for locomotives................................. Locomotive service................................... Contingencies and miscellaneous........... Freight-train service................................. Salaries of officers and clerks.................. Passenger-train Rervice............................ Freight-car m ileage.................................. Outside agencies and advertising........... Oil and waste.............................................. Station supplies......................................... Stationery and p rin tin g.......................... Legal expenses........................................... W ater supply.............................................. Loss and damage, personal injuries....... Freight-train supplies.............................. Passenger-train supplies.......................... Loss and damage, property and cattle. . Loss and damage, freigh t........................ Insurance................................................... Passenger-car m ileage............................. Expenses not analyzed............................. Total maintaining road and real estate.. . Repairs of road bed and track................ Renewal of rails......................................... Taxes........................................................... Renewal of ties.......................................... Repairs of bridges..................................... Repairs of buildings.................................. Telegraph expenses.. Repairs of fences, crossings, etc .. Total repairs of rolling stock........... Repairs of freight cars. Repairs of locomotives. Repairs of passenger,baggage and mail cars 352,800,120 195,231,737 36,767,299 32,836,470 27,239,568 21,328,326 19,892,343 12,215,850 10,046,080 7,781,828 4,737,311 3,754,670 2,871,933 2,692,011 2,457,905 2,388,867 1,377,978 1,260,965 1,148,810 1,103,761 974,526 926,634 807,525 621,077 102,583,043 39,603,076 17,243,950 13,283,819 10,741,577 9,009,097 7,644,121 3,576,477 1,480,926 54,985,340 22,595,553 21,830,963 10,558,824 Net earnings.. 227,650,474 $ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $"3 00,0 00,0 00 $ 2 00 , 000,000 $175,000,000 Assets, Liabilities, &c., per Mile, 1880. Item $150,000,000 Total permanent investments and cash assets Cost of construction of roads.......................... Cost of equipment............................................ C ash..................................................................... Stock and bonds owned (issued by other companies) Value of telegraph lines and miscellaneous............. Value of lands and buildings....................................... Total capital paid in and borrowed............................... $125,000,000 * 100, 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Sco $55 $45 $35 Funded debt.................................................................. Unfunded debt.............................................................. Profit and loss to credit................................................... $75,000,000 Total income (all sources) Total expenditure (aF N et income or profit Dividends declared. Amount retained... $50,000,000 15,000,000 $30 $20 $*25 $15 $10 per Mile. Balance Sheet, 1880. Item | Amount Total assets......................................... $ 5,658,914,158 Construction of roads..................... 4,112,367,176 418,045,458 Equipment............................. ........ Telegraph lines and miscellaneous 204,913,196 Stock (of other companies)........... 184,866,527 158.933,605 Bonds (of other companies)........... Lands and buildings....................... Due from agents and companies.. Materials and supplies............. Sinking fund.................................... Funded debt................................... Capital stock paid in—common---Capital stock paid in—preferred. .. Vouchers ana accounts.................. Profit and loss—Cr........................... Dividends unpaid............................ 122,494,370 117,100,225 103,319,845 79,814,155 61,211,513 44,294,901 31,064,428 20,488,759 5,658,914,158 2,390,915,402 2,309,134,322 304,471,942 253,817,353 233,191,598 85,573,270 68,750,288 13,059,983 * 1,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 * 2 , 0 0 0 , 000,000 $750,000,000 $500,000,000 $250,000,000 C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R ’S SO N S. * 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 * 4 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 * 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 P l ate i 4 6 TB A ITSPO R TA TIO K (Based on the Returns of the Tenth Census.) CARRIAGE BY WATER. E A R N IN G S PER C A P IT A , STEAM-CRAFT. by States, Earnings per Capita, by States, 1880. Rank P er Capita State SCALE: 38 Nebr. . $ 0 12 37 N . H . . . 15 21 3 6 T e x .. . 3 5 Miss... 27 34 N . C . . . 30 3 3 V t --------32 34 3 2 Ind---31 A la---35 38 3 0 V a ----29 S . C .- 39 49 28 A rk .. . 59 27 Iowa .. 60 26 111............ 61 2 5 W .Va. 24 M in n .. 63 23 T e n n .. 67 22 G a----71 21 89 91 20 19 D e l.. . 95 18 Ohio .. 1 25 17 Me. .. . 1 42 16 D .C . 1 69 15 P a .......... 1 76 14 Mass. . 1 82 13 F la---1 90 12 N . J ------2 45 2 56 11 Mo. .. . 10 Mich. . 2 66 9 Md. .. . 3 29 8 D a k . .. 334 7 Conn. . 338 6 La....... 4 36 5 Cal. .. . 4 65 4 4 90 W ash.. 3 N .Y .. . 5 11 2 R .I... . 5 37 1 Ore*?. . 11 3 5 J $1 per Capita* IN D E X . $2 A la ... .31 Miss. .35 A rk ... .28 Mo... .11 Cal.. . 5 Nebr. .38 Conn. - 7 N.H. -37 D a k. . 8 N.J. .12 Del. . .19 N.Y. . 3 D .C . . .16 N .C .. .34 F la ... .13 Ohio .18 G a ,... -22 Oreg. - 1 Ill_ .26 Pa. _ .15 In d .., .32 R.I. . 2 Iowa.. .27 . . . .29 K y ---Tenn. .23 La. ... . 6 T e x ... .36 M e... .17 Vt. .33 M d... . 9 Va. .30 Mass. .14 Wash. . 4 Mich. .10 W. Va.25 Minn. .24 W is... .20 $3 $4 8 $5 $6 $7' KEY None reported---------- 0 Under 50c. per Capita - $9 $10 $11 $13 Tonnage and Value o f Water-Craft, by Classes, 1880, SCALE: Total Earnings, by States, 1880. Rank 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 State Am ount sc a l e N.H. .. $ 51,572 .Nebr. . 55,304 V t ___ 107,714 D e l- .. 139,993 M iss... 300,149 D .C . .. 300,576 T e x .... 336,456 W ash.. 367,983 W. Va. 376,877 S.C. . . 386,260 A rk---389,671 N .C ..., 419,964 Ala. . . 437,465 D a k . .. 450,955 Minn. . 494,654 Fla. . . . 510,808 V a....... 567,793 In d ... . 664,892 M e... . 920,293 960,681 La----Tenn. . 1,035,196 Ga....... 1,091,430 Wis. .. 1,203,491 K y....... 1,472,772 R .I. .. . 1,485,952 Ill........ 1,831,935 Oreg. . 1,983,703 Conn. . 2,106,352 N .J .... 2,776,719 Md. ... 3,075,640 Mass. . 3,246,902 Ohio .. 3,998,534 C a l... . 4,020,024 Iowa .. 4,098,816 Mich. . 4,353,961 Mo. .. . 5,560,949 Pa. . .. 7,555,525 N .Y . .. 25,953,106 Tonnage Kind V alue No. mmmm : § 2 ,000,000 IN D E X . A la ... .26 Miss. .34 A rk ... .28 M o- . 3 C a l... . 6 Nebr. .37 Conn. .11 N.H. .38 D a k. .25 N .J— .10 Del. . .35 N .Y . . . 1 I). C. .33 N .C .. .27 F la - .23(Ohio. . 7 Ga— .17 Oreg- .12 111. ... .13 Pa. . 2 In d -. .21 R .I— .14 Iowa . . 5 S . C .. .29 K y - .. .15 Tenn. .18 La. .. .19 T e x — .32 M e - . .20 V t . . . . .36 M d - . . 9 V a - . . .22 Mass. . 8 Wash. 31 Mich. 4 W .V a 30 Minn. .24 W is .. .16 $4,000,000 $ 6,000,000 $8 ,000,000 $ 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 Steam ers........ Sailing vessels Canal b o a ts ... B arges............ F lats ............... W h a r f boats— H u lk s ............. $5,000,000 (200,000,Tons.) $ .2 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 (1, 000, 000) $ 2 0 ,000,000 \ CANALS. \ \ CANAL 77 T \ 43 —— KEY None reported - tncome per Capita, Under 5c. per Capita - by States, 1880, 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 P er Capita IN D E X . sc a l e T ex __ $ .0 0 2 .0 0 5 .0 0 5 G a....... .0 3 L a----.0 3 Mich. . .0 3 Ill........ .0 7 Ohio .. .0 7 V a....... .2 4 N .Y . .. .3 6 Pa----.4 0 M d ... . .5 6 N .J — . 1 .3 8 Del. .. : D e l.. . 1 N . Y . . . 5 G a.......11 N.C. ..12 111........ 8 O h io .. 7 L a ----- 10 Pa----- 4 Md. . . . 3 T e x .. .13 Mich. . 9 V a . . . . 6 N .J— . 2 5c. and under 10c. per Capita 10c. » » 25c. „ 25c. » » » » 50c. » » 50c. » $1 per Capita. N .C — » » — 75c. » »». Over 75c. per Capita Total Income, by States, 1880. IN D E X . sc a l e Rank State 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 T e x .. . N.C— Ga....... L a----M ic h .. V a ....... Ill........ Del. . . Ohio .. M d - .. N.J. . . N .Y . .. P a....... Amount 2 000,000 $ , $ 4 ,5 3 5 8 ,0 0 0 8 ,2 0 9 2 7 ,8 4 0 5 2 ,5 1 9 1 0 4 ,0 4 8 1 0 7 ,6 0 5 2 0 1 ,7 8 3 214 ,8 9 1 3 7 2 ,6 1 6 6 3 5 ,1 0 8 1 ,2 3 9 ,4 4 8 1 ,5 6 2 ,0 1 8 : D el---- 6 N .Y . .. 2 Ga.......11 N.C. -1 2 111........7 Ohio .. 5 La. . -10 Pa....... 1 Md. . . . 4 T e x - -1 3 Mich. . 9 V a .......8 N.J. . . 3 from 98 G w reen ich 93 C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C f t lB N E R ’S S O N S . C ROUTES. By HENRY GANNETT IN C O M E PER C A P IT A , State (3,000,000,000) 5,139 1,221,206.93 $80,192,495 16,820 2,366,132.96 59,152,950 8,771 1 ,2 5 3 ,6 8 8 .2 3 8,273,255 5,033 1,331,562.88 6,430,464 2,702 220,690.47 1,286,020 145 385,100 86,390.00 46 7,638.16 64,425 79 R an i $ 7 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ^^0^00) P late 147 RAILWAYS C O P Y R IG H T , 1883, B Y C H A R L E S S C R IB N E R 'S SON S. P late 147