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m m m m m m m m m m m m s m m m .Jl-., imiOHA& DEFENSE ADVISORY COMMISSION NOT TO BE RELEASED B'EITORE 9:30 a . m . , November 1 3 , I9H0 ' . Y%v - -,, ' ' \ , . Address by Chester C. D a v i s , Commissioner i n charge of the A g r i c u l t u r a l D i v i s i o n of the N a t i o n a l Defense A d v i s o r y Commission, d e l i v e r e d "before the E i f t y - E o u r t h Annual Convention of the A s s o c i a t i o n of Land-Grant C o l l e g e s and U n i v e r s i t i e s , a t the Grand Ballroom of the Drake H o t e l , Chicago, I l l i n o i s , at 9:30 a*El,, Wednesday, November 1 3 , 19^0 AGRI CULTURE AED XB1U1&M Very few people i n the U n i t e d S t a t e s , I t h i n k , r e a l i z e t h a t the economic, s o c i a l and p o l i t i c a l world of the f u t u r e i n which we must of n e c e s s i t y operate i s g o i n g to he t o t a l l y u n l i k e the world of the p a s t t o which we have more or l e s s a d j u s t e d o u r s e l v e s . In s p i t e of a l l our t a l k of " t o t a l d e f e n s e " and "complete mobilization," industrial our h a b i t s of thought f o r the most p a r t c a r r y us c o m f o r t a b l y a l o n g the old g r o o v e s , w i t h our o u t l o o k and e x p e c t a t i o n s e s s e n t i a l l y unchanged. In t h e s e sober statements I do not imply t h a t any sharp l i n e divides some who c l e a r l y understand from o t h e r s who do not understand the fundamental a l t e r a t i o n s i n our own b e h a v i o r which those world changes w i l l b r i n g to p a s s . A l l of us are in more or l e s s the same s t a t e of mind - the f a c t s a r c f o r us to s e e , but t h e i r i m p l i c a t i o n s a r e so s t a r t l i n g , spread so i n c r e d i b l e , that we a u t o m a t i c a l l y tend t o dodge them. Some of us may even t a k e r e f u g e i n the thought t h a t our c o l o s s a l ex- p e n d i t u r e s f o r armaments p l u s E n g l a n d ' s purchases from us moan an unprecedented r i s e in b u s i n e s s a c t i v i t y , w i t h consequent expansion of p r o f i t s , indus- t r i a l employment and p a y r o l l s , and a war market at b e t t e r p r i c e s f o r farm product So I say to you t h a t a f t e r a g e n e r a t i o n wo have not l i q u i d a t e d the d i s a s t e r of the l a s t World War, and t h a t we cannot emerge c o m f o r t a b l y from t h i s one* !* M m 2U6 -2- On one p o i n t I "believe we ar* a l l r e a s o n a b l y c l e a r , a l t h o u g h i n v o l v e s a sharp departure from old o p i n i o n . it We have g e n e r a l l y "be- l i e v e d t h a t any n a t i o n t h a t minded i t s own b u s i n e s s would "be l e f t alone to work out i t s own d e s t i n y . and E t h i o p i a did not s i n k i n . The e a r l y warnings from China Only a small m i n o r i t y took n o t i c e when three p o w e r f u l d i c t a t o r s made the "body of Spain a p r a c t i c e ground f o r u n d e c l a r e d mechanized war. of C z e c h o s l o v a k i a , The annexation of A u s t r i a , the p a r t i t i o n and even the s e i z u r e and d i v i s i o n of Poland were c o l o r e d "by memory of the r i g i d i t i e s of the Treaty of Versailles. But when i n turn the p e a c e f u l Scandinavian democracies, Holland and Belgium were v i o l a t e d , became p e r f e c t l y c l e a r . and when Prance f e l l , then the p a t t e r n No n a t i o n i s s a f e i f i t p o s s e s s e s resources which the d i c t a t o r s covet u n l e s s i t has o r g a n i z e d those r e s o u r c e s for prompt and e f f e c t i v e m i l i t a r y a c t i o n ; and no n a t i o n t h a t stands between the d i c t a t o r s and t h e i r dreams of world dominion can s l e e p i n unless i t s e f f e c t i v e military strength is security respected. Americans have c e r t a i n i d e a l s f o r t h i s hemisphere to defend and f o r which they w i l l f i g h t . These i d e a l s d i r e c t l y c l a s h w i t h the am- b i t i o n s of the d i c t a t o r s t a t e s of Europe which extend to L a t i n America. With that c o n f l i c t c l e a r l y b e f o r e us we cannot a f f o r d to d r i f t on, anaes- t h e t i z e d by hopes f o r an e a r l y E n g l i s h v i c t o r y in a war she was unprepared to f i g h t , or e x p e c t a t i o n s t h a t i n t e r n a l d i s s o l u t i o n or o u a r r e l s among"the A x i s p a r t n e r s w i l l diminish t h e i r t h r e a t to the r e s t of the w o r l d . ~ 3 - m 2U6 The r u l e s of t h e w o r l d aro "being r e w r i t t e n , "by p o w e r f u l p r e d a t o r y n a t i o n s which r e s p e c t n o t h i n g hut f o r c e , S t a t e s no l o n g e r has i l l u s i o n s , On t h a t p o i n t I am c o n v i n c e d t h a t t h e U n i t e d That i s why 130 m i l l i o n p e o p l e have u n i t e d h a c k of t h e i r g o v e r n m e n t ' s armament p l a n s . That i s why C o n g r e s s v o t e d w i t h overwhelming p u b l i c a p p r o v a l t h e f i r s t p e a c e t i m e c o n s c r i p t i o n f o r military training. We have the m a t e r i a l r e s o u r c e s , t h e manpower, t h e w e a l t h and t h e g e n i u s t o make o u r s e l v e s impregnable i n t h i s hemisphere^ s e l v e s i n the b e l i e f But l e t u s not d e l u d e o u r - t h a t we can a c c o m p l i s h t h a t end and a t t h e same time p r e - s e r v e untouched f o r c l a s s e s and f o r i n d i v i d u a l s a l l of t h e p r i v i l e g e s and the p r e j u d i c e s t h a t aro imbedded i n American democracy. I f p r e j u d i c e s and p r i v i l e g e s a r e d i s r e g a r d e d , l o g i c and mathematics t h a t it can be demonstrated by .»nis n a t i o n can c a r r y out and e x t e n d i t s armament program w i t h o u t important r e d u c t i o n i n t h e volume of p r o d u c t i o n f o r civilian u s e - w i t h o u t s p i r a l l i n g p r i c e s or d e p r e s s i n g the s t a n d a r d of l i v i n g . words, i t is possible " t o have guns and b u t t e r b o t h , " In other But i t w i l l not be p o s s i b l e t o have f u l l p r o d u c t i o n f o r b o t h d e f e n s e and s t a n d a r d of l i v i n g i f important e l e m e n t s i n our economy, i n d u s t r i a l management and c a p i t a l , agriculture, If the labor, s u c c e s s f u l l y r e s i s t any m o d i f i c a t i o n of t h e i r t r a d i t i o n a l and attitudes. t h e r e i s l i k e l i h o o d t h a t more c a p a c i t y w i l l be needed t o produce e s s e n t i a l i n d u s t r i a l raw m a t e r i a l s t o meet b o t h d e f e n s e and normal r e q u i r e m e n t s , then a d d i t i o n a l p l a n t c a p a c i t y must be p r o v i d e d r e g a r d l e s s of t h e q u i t e u n d e r s t a n d a b l e a p p r e h e n s i o n of i n d u s t r i a l management o v e r the p e a c e t i m e use of facilities. The E n g l i s h s t e e l i n d u s t r y and t h e E n g l i s h machine t o o l such industry were u n w i l l i n g t o s a c r i f i c e p r o f i t s and s e c u r i t y by i n c r e a s i n g c a p a c i t y and t a k i n g advantage of new p r o d u c t i o n methods. the w a r n i n g we need 011 t h a t p o i n t . 'xERO'i copy; T h i s e x p e r i e n c e should be all - 1). - PR 2U6 B e f o r e s k i l l e d Labor "bottlenecks s e r i o u s l y cramp production in any l i n e , u n t r a i n e d or s e r a i - t r a i n e d workers must "become s k i l l e d , not- w i t h s t a n d i n g the f a c t t h a t a t some f u t u r e time a l l these t r a i n e d workmen may not "be r e q u i r e d i n t h e i r particular'lines. Farmers w i l l have t h e i r own and v e r y s e r i o u s a d j u s t m e n t s to make. Defense needs may r e q u i r e ' t h a t domestic; p r o d u c t i o n "be supplemented "by i n c r e a s e d imports, wool. as we see happening i n the case of some grades of Cooperation w i t h L a t i n America may r e q u i r e farmers to re-examine most c r i t i c a l l y some of t h e i r t r a d i t i o n a l p a t t e r n s and p r e j u d i c e s ^ There a r e only a few examples, f a r from complete, of the a r e a s i n which n a t i o n a l and group p a t t e r n s w i l l have to change i f e f f o r t i s to meet the c h a l l e n g e we have taken up. the defense We use the words " t o t a l d e f e n s e " and " t o t a l m o b i l i z a t i o n " r a t h e r c a r e l e s s l y , I believe. On the whole, we i n America h a v e n ' t even stopped to think what they r e a l l y mean. The B r i t i s h people are g e t t i n g a c l e a r view of i t . A closn English o b s e r v e r r e c e n t l y p o i n t e d out t h a t b e f o r e there can be any hope of B r i t i s h v i c t o r y on a i r or sea or l a n d , England must o v e r t a k e her enemy's f i v e y e a r head s t a r t on the i n d u s t r i a l and economic f r o n t . To t h a t end i n England today complete m o b i l i z a t i o n means throwing i n t o the b a t t l e all her p o t e n t i a l as w e l l as a c t u a l manufacturing, l a b o r and f i n a n c i a l resources, w i t h a r u t h l e s s d i s r e g a r d of v e s t e d i n t e r e s t s , of orthodox f i n a n c e , of peacetime p r o f i t motives and, while the c r i s i s c o n t i n u e s , of l i v i n g dards and of the normal p r o d u c t i o n methods wherever these o b s t r u c t the stanthe primary o b j e c t i v e of winning the v/ar. I 1—' m m m m m * m • ii - 5 ~ PR 24-6 In a t t e m p t i n g t o s e t i n p e r s p e c t i v e t h e s e r i o u s n e s s of the t a s k t h i s n a t i o n has undertaken I do not f o r one moment minimize the a c t conplishmonts that have "been made. The c i v i l i a n "body to e:qpeditc armament, the N a t i o n a l Defense A d v i s o r y Commission, was f i r s t t o g e t h e r "by the P r e s i d e n t on Memorial Kay, called Since t h e n , up to November 9 , out of f u n d s so promptly made a v a i l a b l e by Congress, a t o t a l of $9,#65,108,000 of c o n t r a c t s had been c l e a r e d by t h e Defense Commission f o r equipment and new p r o d u c t i o n f a c i l i t i e s f o r t h e Army and Navy. C o n t r a c t s a c t u a l l y awarded by the Army and Navy through November 5 amount to $8,236,300,000, That means t h a t the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r p r o d u c i n g under those c o n t r a c t s has been p a s s e d over t o Anorican i n d u s t r y and American labor* The f u l l r a t e of p r o d u c t i o n cannot be a c h i e v e d u n t i l the f u n d a mental but u n s p e c t a c u l a r job of c r e a t i n g new f a c t o r i e s and a d d i t i o n a l machines has been accomplished. f o r an example. That t a k e s time. Again I t u r n to England The f i r s t move f o r government-financed a i r c r a f t i n England reached the c o n s t r u c t i o n s t a g e e a r l y i n 193c* factories The engine f a c t o r i e s i n t h i s group began p r o d u c i n g i n J u l y 1937? the f i r s t of the a i r p l a n e p l a n t s i n January 1938. The group as a whole did not r e a c h f u l l p r o - d u c t i o n u n t i l miclr-1933, two y e a r s a f t e r the i n i t i a l c o n s t r u c t i o n was launched, I do not mean to suggest t h a t defense p r o d u c t i o n in the United S t a t e s i s a t a s t a n d s t i l l pending the completion of new f a c t o r i e s . put of e x i s t i n g and e n l a r g e d p l a n t s i s s t e a d i l y a c c e l e r a t i n g . The -out- Por example,- a i r p l a n e p r o d u c t i o n has reached a c u r r e n t r a t e of approximately 10,000 p l a n e s a y e a r . I t i s scheduled t o r e a c h the 15,000 p l a n e r a t e e a r l y next year. ?2 - 6 ~ 2^,000 r a t e by J u l y 1 , and t o a t t a i n an output of 3,000 p i a n o s a month "by e a r l y 19^2 a L i g h t t a n k s arc coning o f f t h e l i n e at the r a t e of over 100 a month, and the f i r s t r e a l n a s s - p r o d u c t i o n tank f a c t o r y i n the world i s under construction. T h i s i s the "beginning. Tine does not p e r r . i t f u r t h e r d e t a i l s . must t u r n to q u e s t i o n s in our own immediate f i e l d , t h a t i s , I the impact of the war abroad, and the armament program at home, on the f a r m e r s and the i n s t i t u t i o n s that servo t h e n . The Land Grant C o l l e g e s have a p e c u l i a r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y . The day which l i m i t e d t h e i r work w i t h a g r i c u l t u r e to demonstrating and t e a c h i n g e f f i c i e n c y in p r o d u c t i o n has l o n g s i n c e gone - i f i t over e x i s t e d . Today the a c t i v i t i e s t h a t r a d i a t e from them roach out to e v e r y farm and n e a r l y e v e r y r u r a l home. Because of t h e i r i n t i m a t e r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h the U n i t e d S t a t e s Department of A g r i c u l t u r e they share the t a s k of a s s i s t i n g f a r m e r s i n the adjustments demanded "by changed world c o n d i t i o n s . From t h e i r own s t a n d p o i n t , the f a r m e r s have much to do. n a t i o n a l v i e w p o i n t t h e i r job had a l r e a d y been p r e t t y much done. From the They have produced i n abundance what our c i t i z e n s normally r e q u i r e of them. Through the simple p r o c e s s of h a v i n g c o n t i n u e d t o produce i n s p i t e of hard t i m e s , t h e y f i n d themselves a t the h e i g h t of d e f e n s e p l a n n i n g w i t h warehouses, b i n s and e l e v a t o r s f i l l e d . So f a r a s f o o d and f i b e r a r e concerned, agri- c u l t u r e has a l r e a d y d e l i v e r e d i t s quota toward n a t i o n a l d e f e n s e and n a t i o n a l safety. V/e a r e so w e l l f o r t i f i e d w i t h a g r i c u l t u r a l supplies t h a t , in addi- t i o n to t a k i n g c a r e of a l l our own n e e d s , i t has been e s t i m a t e d t h a t we c o u l d - 7 ~ FH 2U6 s a f e l y s o i l to other c o u n t r i e s a s much a s 150 m i l l i o n "bushels of wheat, U00 m i l l i o n "bushels of c o r n , 100 m i l l i o n b u s h e l s of b a r l e y , -350 m i l l i o n pounds of p o r k , 500 m i l l i o n pounds of l a r d , 250 m i l l i o n pounds of other e d i b l e f a t s and l a r g e q u a n t i t i e s of f r e s h , d r i e d and canned f r u i t s and vegetables, We have e x t r a m i l l i o n s of b a l e s of c o t t o n and pounds of tobacco p r e s e n t l y u n r e q u i r e d . from p r e v i o u s crop y e a r s . These s u r p l u s e s are l a r g e l y c a r r i e d over In a d d i t i o n t o our a l r e a d y b o u n t i f u l supplies, p r e s e n t i n d i c a t i o n s a r e t h a t a g g r e g a t e crop p r o d u c t i o n f o r 19^0 i s likely to "be the second l a r g e s t on r e c o r d . In t h i s time of i n t e r n a t i o n a l houses are f u l l . stress, i t i s w e l l t h a t our store- I b e l i e v e every p a t r i o t i c farmer i n America w i l l a g r e e w i t l t h a t c o n c l u s i o n even though t h e s e l a r g e s u r p l u s e s make i t more d i f f i c u l t f o r f a r m e r s to g e t the p r i c e s t h e y should r e c e i v e . Carriers know t h e i r p r i c e s a r e too low, but t h e y a l s o know t h a t ir s p i t e of the u l t r a - m o d e r n weapons of war, .an army s t i l l must have f o o d and fiber. job* To f e e d and c l o t h e t h a t army and the n a t i o n behind i t i s the f a r m e r s 1 T h a t ' s t h e i r c o n t r i b u t i o n to n a t i o n a l d e f e n s e . On that s c o r e , the f a r m e r s and the n a t i o n are w e l l p r e p a r e d . But an adequate a g r i c u l t u r a l supply as important a s t h a t i s does not f u l l y meet the c h a l l e n g e . A g r i c u l t u r e i n the y e a r s ahead f a c e s two tough assignments. I t must continue to maintain s u f f i c i e n t s u p p l i e s of f o o d and f i h e r to meet the n a t i o n T s needs, r e g a r d l e s s of what d e v e l o p s . adjust i t s e l f home. And i t must to the e f f e c t of war abroad and of the i n d u s t r i a l speed-up a t I f we are to make t h e s e adjustments w i t h the l e a s t p o s s i b l e harm to agriculture, i t i s n e c e s s a r y t h a t f a r m e r s know what i s g o i n g on and what i s XERO '. COPY' ; XERO )COPY - g ~ happening to t h e i r economy. FR 2^6 T h i s i s a j o t i n which every educational group i n America can a s s i s t t o come degree "but the Department' of Agriculture, the Land Grant C o l l e g e s , the E x t e n s i o n S e r v i c e and other a g r i c u l t u r a l a g e n c i e s w i l l take the l o a d . I doubt i f f a r m e r s g e n e r a l l y understand what i s happening to American a g r i c u l t u r e . 0:i the adverse s i d e , i t w i l l t a k e time f o r them to g r a s f u l l y what the l o s s of the c o n t i n e n t a l European market and the ment of ezqoorts to the U n i t e d Kingdom r e a l l y mean i n terms of farms. curtailindividual On the f a v o r a b l e s i d e , i t w i l l a l s o take time f o r them t o con- s o l i d a t e the g a i n s t h a t a r e p o s s i b l e as a r e s u l t of i n c r e a s e d p a y r o l l s and wider i n d u s t r i a l employment i n the d e f e n s e e f f o r t . Most of us w i l l a g r e e , I t h i n k , that had i t not t e e n f o r government l o a n s and p u r c h a s e s and other programs a d m i n i s t e r e d "by the Department of A g r i c u l t u r e , the l o s s e s "because of the war would he g r e a t e r than the g a i n s r e s u l t i n g from the huge armament expenditures. I t i s g o i n g to take the combined e f f o r t s of a l l agricultural groups, working in complete harmony, to h e l p farmers g e t the f a c t s and "build tj morale needed to make the adjustments which l i e ahead. to head o f f these adjustments,, Nothing i s g o i n g We are g o i n g t o f i n d o u r s e l v e s f a c e to f a c e w i t h them, r e g a r d l e s s of what we may do. I f we are informed and prepared t o meet them, we can at l e a s t l e s s e n t h e i r d i s a g r e e a b l e factors, even i f we can not overcome them. There i s a d e f i n i t e r e l a t i o n "between the l o c a t i o n of new defense i n d u s t r i e s and the d i s t r i b u t i o n of supply o r d e r s , and a g r i c u l t u r e . The Defense Commission shares t h i s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y w i t h the War and Navy Depart- •XERO • COPY; 'XERO COPY - 9 ~ PP- 2^6 merits. Wherever the t e c h n i c a l requirements f o r a p l a n t permit r e a s o n a b l e freedom of c h o i c e , new f a c t o r i e s should be l o c a t e d away from the a r e a s of p r e s e n t i n d u s t r i a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n , s u r p l u s e s of l a b o r to he drawn upon. and i n a r e a s where there are The unemployed, and the u n s a t i s - f a c t o r i l y employed on the farms, should he c o u n t e d ' as p a r t of t h i s l a b o r r e s e r v o i r j u s t the eame as those whose names are on the r o l l of unemp l o y e d i n the c i t i e s and towns. Under p r e s e n t and p r o s p e c t i v e c o n d i t i o n s , t r y i n g to grow c o t t o n and tobacco and wheat. a decent standard of l i v i n g a t i t . of income f o r them. Many o f them cannot produce The r e a l job i s to p r o v i d e new s o u r c e s I n d u s t r i a l employment near t h e i r homes would h e l p . I t w i l l he w e l l i f farm people who do g e t johs i n new p l a n t s near t h e i r homes c o n t i n u e to l i v e on the farm. there; there a r e too many people That e x t r a income i s needed the immediate housing problem i n the r u r a l towns where new p l a n t s a r e b e i n g l o c a t e d w i l l be a l l e v i a t e d i f workmen"live a t home and d r i v e to work; and t h e r e w i l l be f e w e r stranded people in the communities when the new p l a n t s shut down i f the l a b o r e r s have s t u c k by and b u i l t up t h e i r farms. However, particularly the e s t a b l i s h m e n t of defense a c t i v i t i e s in rural areas, those r e o u i r i n g l a r g e a c r e a g e s such as munitions p l a n t s or t r a i n i n g c e n t e r s i s c r e a t i n g new and d i f f i c u l t problems f o r the people who have to move from the land chosen. to r e - l o c a t e kind of Many of these people w i l l be a b l e themselves w i t h o u t guidance or a i d . Others w i l l need some assistance. A number of problems have a r i s e n in connection w i t h the a c t u a l a c q u i s i t i o n of the l a n d . A f t e r a p a r t i c u l a r s i t e has been chosen, arrange- - 10 - PH 2U6 ments f o r the purchase of the land are made by the S e a l E s t a t e D i v i s i o n o f the Quartermaster Corps o f the War Department, factory sites 30 to 60 d a y s , In the case of the land needs to be a c q u i r e d q u i c k l y , i n many cases w i t h i n f a r m e r s have n o t always been t o l d and do not understand the rpi^v.. why t h a t p a r t i c u l a r l o c a t i o n was chosen; thev have not understood the reason f o r the h a s t e nor the b a s i s uced i n a r r i v i n g a t v a l u e s , I know that many of you have been d i s t u r b e d by these problems. A f t e r reviewing their experiences, the i n t e r e s t e d a g e n c i e s i n the War Department have made some m o d i f i c a t i o n s i n t h e i r p r o c e d u r e , and I am happy to r e p o r t that i n t h e p r o j e c t s r e c e n t l y s t a r t e d s t e p s have been taken to a d v i s e more w i t h the l o c a l people as problems are encountered and to inform them more f i l l y on Questions t h a t have t r o u b l e d landowners and tenants so much i n the f i r s t p r o j e c t s . Perhaps I should have t a l k e d more about the work o f the A g r i c u l t u r a l D i v i s i o n of the Defense Commission, and l e s s about the broader problems In g e n e r a l , the A g r i c u l t u r a l D i v i s i o n has a small s t a f f of men who watch end study the u n f l o d i n g armament well-trained program, a s s i s t i n g with problems which a g r i c u l t u r e s h a r e s , and c a r r y i n g on the d u t i e s t h a t are our p a r t of the work of the Commission as a whole. We work c l o s e l y and harmoniously w i t h the Department of A g r i c u l t u r e and other government a g e n c i e s which have r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r the a c t i o n programs. Your own e x e c u t i v e committee, and your r e p r e s e n t a t i v e i n Washington, have been v e r y helpful. Our work n a t u r a l l y ranges over a wide f i e l d of good r e s o u r c e s and f a c i l i t i e s , foreign trade, supplies, plant location, r u r a l youth t r a i n i n g , phosphate and n i t r a t e t r o u b l e - s h o o t i n g where land a c a u i s i t i o n i s under way, and many more that i n t e r t w i n e a g r i c u l t u r e and n a t i o n a l d e f e n s e . ' 'XERO'; COPY! XERO (COPY 11 B e f o r e I concludo my remarks, r e l a t e t o your work. to re-examine PH 2U6 I want to touch on two s u b j e c t s t h a t E a r l y in my remarks I suggested that f a r m e r s ought t h e i r t r a d i t i o n a l a t t i t u d e toward L a t i n America. Cur hemis- p h e r i c r e l a t i o n s h i p s and problems ought to be looked a t c l e a r l y and c o u r a g e o u s l y by e v e r y o r g a n i z e d farm group in America. V.re cannot be m i l i - t a r y f r i e n d s and economic enemies w i t h L a t i n America: a t one and the same time. Farmers through t h e i r o r g a n i z a t i o n s and w i t h the l e a d e r s h i p of the e d u c a t i o n a l i n s t i t u t i o n s on which they depend, must study t h i s problem a t once and w i t h c a r e . Economic and m i l i t a r y d i c t a t o r s h i p s a r e sweeping most of the w o r l d ' s a r e a i n t o t h e i r systems. phere f r e e from t h e i r g r a s p , to work t o g e t h e r , I f we are to keep the western hemis- the United S t a t e s and L a t i n America must l e a r n to trade t o g e t h e r , and to develop t o g e t h e r . I hope t h a t the f a r m e r ' s v o i c e a t the c o u n c i l t a b l e when p l a n s to that end are b e i n g s t u d i e d w i l l be c o n s t r u c t i v e , not o b s t r u c t i v e . I cannot go i n t o i t here, but I do want to urge t h a t the Land Grant C o l l e g e s g i v e i t r e a l study t h i s winter There are enough changes in the a g r i c u l t u r a l p i c t u r e t o warrant a r e v i e r of the r e s e a r c h and e x t e n s i o n p r o j e c t s of the Land Grant C o l l e g e s . The a g r i - c u l t u r a l p a t t e r n as we have known i t in d i f f e r e n t p a r t s of the country f o r t h e - p a s t few y e a r s w i l l not be the a g r i c u l t u r a l p a t t e r n of tomorrow. The r e s e a r c h work of the Experiment S t a t i o n ^ and the Extension a c t i v i t i e s must take t h i s new world i n t o account i f t h e y are to be most e f f e c t i v e in meeting the problem. farmers. They must r e c o g n i s e the changed demand ^conditions that c o n f r o n t There a r e going to be marked s h i f t s i n the type of farming in many agricultural areas. Tho Land Grant C o l l e g e s must show and l e a d the way. - 12 ^ Nov i n c o n c l u s i o n : PR 2U6 I have f a i t h that American f a r m e r s , hacked and informed "by the same i n v a l u a b l e a g e n c i e s v h i c h have made them the world's a t e s t producers w i l l be able to meet the w o r l d ' s of a d j u s t m e n t . In that way, they w i l l add courage, challenge stamina and morale to the abundance which they have a l r e a d y c o n t r i b u t e d to n a t i o n a l d e f e n s e In that way, they can j o i n moot e f f e c t i v e l y i n m a i n t a i n i n g the i d e a l s a f r e e and democratic America. r.; b VO r> v XERO! c o p y ! XERO ;COPY of
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