Bernanke, Ben , Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), 1935- and Council of Economic Advisers (U.S.) "Semiannual Monetary Policy Report to the Congress." Testimony before the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, July 21, 2009, https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/453/item/9042, accessed on January 6, 2026.