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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
JAMES J. DAVIS, Secretary
WOMEN'S
BUREAU
MARY ANDERSON, Director
BULLETIN
OF T H E W O M E N ' S
B U R E A U , NO,
STATE LAWS AFFECTING
WORKING WOMEN
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1921
16
CONTENTS.
Letter of transmittal
Map: Status of Women as State Labor Officials
..
Page.
5
follows p. 5
Introduction
..
Laws regulating the length of the working day or week
Eight-hour laws
Eight-and-a-half-hour laws
Nine-hour laws
Ten-hour laws
Ten-and-a-quarter, ten-and-a-half, eleven, and twelve hour laws
Weekly hour laws..,
Summary of laws limiting daily and weekly hours
Laws providing for a day of rest, one shorter workday, time for meals,
and rest periods
Day of rest, one shorter workday....
..
.
Time for meals
Rest periods
Summary
Night-work laws
Summary of all the laws affecting women's hours of labor
Laws regulating home work
Minimum-wage laws
Mothers' pensions laws.
.............
Summary
. . . .
I. Eight-hour and eight-and-a-half-hour laws for women workers..... II. Ninerhour laws for women workers
---rv
Ten"ll0ur laws for
women workers
10
10
10
10
10
11
12
12
13
I3
14
15
18
22
IV, Ten-and-a-quarter, ten-and-a-half, eleven, and twelve hour laws
for women workers
V. Weekly hour laws for women workers
V I * kaws providing for a day of rest, one shorter workday, time for meals,
y TT -j*11** r e s t periods for women workers
VTTT ^ight*work laws for women workers
7
7
8
8
9
9
9
9
10
:
25
26
•-
UI. Home-work laws in the United States
---Minimum-wage legislation in the United States.....
Mothers' pensions laws in the United States..
38
4J
f o l l o w a P- 4 9
follows p. 49
MAPS.
2 J *<*king houra for women-<laily.
N S ^ ^ u r s for women-weekly
^ w o r k laws for women
^ m u m - w a g e laws for women
Mothers' pensions laws.
.•
-
P- «
•
..
-
-
° W S P* S
follows p. 49
followsp.49
followsp.49
3
LETTER OP TRANSMITTAL.
U N I T E D STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR,
WOMEN'S BUREAU,
Washington, July ly 1921.
R ; Herewith is transmitted a report showing the State laws
aifecting working women which are in effect at the present time.
. J1^8 material has been prepared by Mrs. Mildred J. Gordon,
m<justrial research assistant of the Women's Bureau.
Respectfully submitted.
MARY ANDERSON, Director.
W
Hon. JAMES J .
DAVIS,
Secretary of Labor*
T H I S M A P
. . .W... . •
SHOWS
THE
_
s
STATES
THAT
ENFORCEMENT
OF
HAVE
THE
WOMEN
LAWS
IN T H E
DEPARTMENTS
DISCUSSED
IN
THIS
OF
_
LABOR
BULLETIN,
AH
. OKN f> CO ialtimohe.WP
AIDING
IN
THE
STATE LAWS AFFECTING WORKING WOMEN.
INTRODUCTION.
During the last 30 years there has been an increasing amount of
legislation passed by the various States with the aim of protecting
and aiding women, especially working women. At present practically every State has one law or more of this type. In this report
the majority of the laws that affect women who work have been
charted. Also five maps have been made from these charts to give
a picture of conditions for the country as a whole. In the maps
depicting limitation of working hours it has been possible to show
for each State only one hourly limitation. If there is more than one
limitation the State is given credit for that which covers the greatest
number of women. The particular laws considered are those that
regulate the hours of women who work, provide a minimum wage
for women workers, control the conditions under which home work
may be carried on, and provide mothers' pensions so that needy
^others will not be dependent solely on thfir own efforts for the supP°rt of their families. The laws that regulate working conditions
ave not been included because of their great number and wide differences, which would make the charting of them extremely cornRated and of great length. Laws providing that women workers
^ t be furnished seats and those forbidding their employment in
Wain industries or occupations which are deemed injurious, also, are
n°t considered.
The two types of legislation which form the basis of
pse charts are (1) acts of the various State legislatures, which apply
specified industries or occupations, and (2) regulations of State
industrial commissions or boards which usually have the force of
and which usually consider each industry or occupation separately.
UWS
REGULATING THE LENGTH OF THE WORKING DAY OR WEEK.
There are only four States in the United States—Alabama, Florida,
j 0 ^, West Virginia—that do not have some sort of a law regu*tlng the hours of work for women. Indiana has only one limita*01J of hours—that prohibiting the employment of women at
.J* m one occupation, manufacturing. All the other States have
a r er definitely forbidden the emplovment of women for more than
Wain number of hours per dav or week, or have penalized all emJ^ent h e y o n ( , c e r t a i n s p c c i f i ; d h o l l r s b y providing that it must
pai(l for
at an increased rate.
7
8
STATE L A W S _ AFFECTING
WORKING
WOMEN.
Eight-tour laws.—The shortest period to which hours of work are
limited is 8 hours per day in 9 States-—Arizona, California, Colorado,
Kansas, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Washington, the District of Columbia, and the Territory of Porto Rico. The number of
industries or occupations included in these laws varies, greatly.
California has the most inclusive legislation. An act of the legislature in that State limits the hours of work strictly to 8 per day
and 48 per week in any manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile
establishment, laundry, hotel, public lodging house, apartment
house, hospital, place of amusement or restaurant, or telephone or
telegraph establishment or office, or the operation of elevators in
office buildings, or any express or transportation company. In
addition to the industries and occupations covered by this act of the
legislature the hours of work in a number of other industries and
occupations have been limited by orders of the industrial welfare
commission. One of these limits the hours of those employed as
"labelers" in the fruit or vegetable or fish-canning industry to 8
per day and 48 per week; another order limits the hours of workers
employed in unclassified occupations to 48 per week; another limits
the employment of workers in the dried-fruit industry and in offices
to 6 days per week unless time and a half is paid for the seventh day,
and even in this case only 48 hours a week may be worked; still
another order requires that time and a half be paid for all hours
worked beyond 48 per week or for work done on the seventh day of
the week in the fruit and vegetable canning or packing industry,
the fish-canning industry, and in agricultural field occupations.
Thus by a combination of the two methods of legislation California
has limited the hours of work for practically all women workers,
except domestic servants.
Although the States in this group limit daily hours uniformly to
8, the number of hours that a woman may work per week varies.
California, Utah, the District of Columbia, and the Territory of
Porto Rico allow only 48 hours work per week. Arizona, C o l o r a d o ,
Nevada, and Washington allow 56 hours; Kansas, 48 hours in one
occupation, 54 hours in another, and 56 hours in a third, and New
Mexico has different limits in various occupations, ranging from 48
hours to 60 hours per week.
Eight-and-a-half-hour laws.—One State, North Dakota, by an acfc
of the legislature- provides for a working day of Si hours in specified
industries and occupations but limits the weekly hours to 48. Th1^
act applies only to places with a population of more than 500, bu
North Dakota is following the same principle as
and
bringing all women workers under some hour law. Through rulings
of the minimum wage department the same limit of -84 hours per
C a l i f o r n i a
9 STATE L A W S _ AFFECTING
WORKING
WOMEN.
day and 48 hours per week has been extended to the entire State
for manufacturing, office, laundry, and mercantile occupations.
Kine-iiour laws.—Fifteen States—Arkansas, Idaho, Kansas, Maine,
Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New York,
Jforth Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas—limit the working
day of women in specified industries or occupations to 9 hours.
Two of these States, Massachusetts and Oregon, limit the weekly
hours to 48. Ohio allows 50 working hours per week; North Dakota, 58 hours; Idaho, 63 hours, and the remaining 10 States
permit 54 hours per week.
In Kansas an order of the industrial welfare commission regulates
hours in the public housekeeping occupation to either a 6-day week
of 9 hours per day, or a 7 day week of 8 hours per day. North
Dakota is establishing hour limitations in small communities that
^ary from the standard set by the 8|-hour act of the legislature, but
ls continuing to increase the number of women workers coming
under some hour law.
Ten-hour laws.—In this group are found the greatest number of
Stales Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Jersey, North Dakota,
nrginia, Wisconsin; and Wyoming—19 in all. The weekly hours
permitted vary. New Jersey. Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island hare
tne shortest limit, 54 b urs per week. Connecticut, Delaware,
ftnd Wisconsin allow 55 hours; Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, and South Carolina, 60 hours; Illinois, Oregon,
kouth Dakota, and Virginia, 70 hours. In Wyoming 60 hours per
is permitted if a woman works 7 days per week but only 52
jj°urs per week is allowed if she works 6 days. Three of these
Mates Minnesota, North Dakota, Oregon—limit the hours of the
Majority of their women workers to less than 10 per day and only
delude a few groups in their 10-hour laws. They appear on the
j^aps not as States having 10-hour laws but according to the legisa t l o n w hich covers the greatest number of women workers.
Ten-aad-a-qnarter, ten-and-a-half, eleven, and twelve hour laws.—
J* &is miscellaneous group of laws are found the States of New
^ampshire; permitting a 10i-hour day and a 54-hour week; Ver* o n t, a 10i-hour day and a 56-hour week; Tennessee, a 10i-hour
£ a U d a 5 7 4 l o u r week; and North Carolina, an 11-hour day and a
W-hour week. South Carolina appears on two charts (III and IV),
in I* 6 ° f i t s l a w s l i m i t s c o t t o n manufacturing establishments to
J hours p e r day and another limits mercantile establishments to
^ hours.
Weekiy hour laws.—In addition to laws limiting daily hours in
specified industries or occupations, five States—Connecticut, Maine,
m n e s °ta, New York, Oregon—have
legislation supplementing
^k* P. 9.
0
States having 10-hour laws should include New Mexico,
-Pennsylvania, Ehode Island, South Carolina, and South
making 20 in all.
52250—21
10
STATE
LAWS_ AFFECTING
WORKING
WOMEN.
the laws regulating both daily and weekly hours, and limiting only the weekly hours for certain industries or occupations.
For these weekly limits, Connecticut and Minnesota specify 58
hours; Maine and New York, 54 hours; Oregon, 56 hours in ono
occupation and 48 hours in another, Minnesota has established
a basic 48-hour week and provides that 25 cents per hour must bo
paid for*all hours worked beyond this limit.
Summary of laws limiting daily and weekly hours.—In all, 43
States have laws that limit the hours that a woman may work. In
many States, however, the number of industries or occupations
coming under the law is so small as to affect only a small proportion
of all working women in the State. A comparison of the charts
will show that the States which have laws establishing the shortest
working day and week are also the States which bring the greatest
number of industries or occupations under the provisions of the law.
(See Eight-hour and eight-and-a-half-hour chart, p. 16.)
LAWS PROVIDING FOR A DAY OF REST, ONE SHORTER WORKDAY,
TIME FOR MEALS, AND REST PERIODS.
Nineteen States, the District of Columbia, and the Territory of
Porto Rico have further regulated the hours of working women by
providing for breaks in their hours of employment. These laws
supplement the legislation on the length of the working day and
week, and insure women workers against too long continuous employment, as well as against a working day and week of unlimited
length.
Day of rest, one shorter workday—Twelve of these S t a t e s — A r k a n sas, California, Delaware, Kansas, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New
York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, W a s h i n g t o n — a n d
the District of Columbia have limited the number of days that a
woman may work in succession, in the majority of cases to 6 days
out of 7
Time for meals.—Fourteen States—Arizona, Arkansas, California,
Delaware, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota,
New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin—and the
Territory of Porto Rico have provided that a period of time varying
from 30 minutes to 1 hour must be allowed for the noonday meal.
Hest periods.—Twelve States—Arkansas, Delaware, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, North Dakota,
Oregon, Pennsylvania, Washington—the District of Columbia, and
the Territory of Porto Rico have ruled that a woman can work only
a fixed number of hours, usually 5 or 6, without either a meal period
or a rest period of some sort.
Summary.—A great many of ,the States which have l a w s limiting
the total number of hours that a woman may work per day or per
11 S T A T E L A W S _ A F F E C T I N G
WORKING
WOMEN.
week, have not provided for any breaks in her employment. Fortythree States have limited hours of labor but only 19 States have proTided for a day of rest or one shorter work day, or time for meals or
rest periods.
In the States which have industrial commissions orders have generally been issued for specific industries or occupations and have
considered the special conditions that apply to each case. These
orders are especially detailed and differentiated in North Dakota and
Oregon. For the telephone industry, North Dakota provides for a
free period of at least 12 consecutive hours once a week and 1 day
off after 8 consecutive days worked, although for the majority of
industries and occupations in the State the commission has provided
for 1 day of rest in 7 Oregon considers the work in the telephone
industry in the large city of Portland as distinct from that in the
State at large, and provides for 1 day of rest in 7 in Portland, but
only for 1 day of rest and 1 short day of 6 hours in every 14 days for
the State at large. In Oregon and California the industrial welfare
commission orders are the only form of legislation regulating fest
Periods, time for meals, or 1 day's rest in 7, although the daily and
Weekly hour legislation includes both acts of the legislature and rullngs of the industrial welfare commission.
NIGHT-WORK LAWS.
Thirteen States—California, Connecticut, Delaware, Indiana, KanMassachusetts, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, Oregon, PennsylVani^> South Carolina, Wisconsin—and the Territory of Porto Rico
Prohibit night work for women in certain industries or occupations.
!lje laws of three of these States—Indiana, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania—cover only manufacturing and in South Carolina the law
c°vers only mercantile establishments.
In Ohio only a very small
SJ^P is covered—ticket sellers. In the remaining 8 States and the
erntory of Porto Rico two or more industries or occupations are
deluded. TwolStates, Maryland and New Hampshire, limit the hours
hat a woman may work at night to 8, although Maryland allows
to work 10 hours and New Hampshire 10J hours during the
sas,
common period during which night work is prohibited is
a. m. A few of the S t a t e s , however, only set an
which work is not permitted. The longest period
• m e during which night work is prohibited is from 6 p. m. to 6
l a t m ' l n t e x t i l e manufacturing in Massachusetts. Fight-work legisle
Is n o t only found in a much smaller number of States than is
s f slation l i m i t i ng the daily and weekly hours of work but in many
h a v e b o t h types of legislation, the night-work laws
cove
er a m u c h smaller group of industries or occupations.
f
^
m °st
e rom 10 p. in. to 6
'ening limit after
12
STATE L A W S _ AFFECTING
WORKING
WOMEN.
SUMMARY OF ALL THE LAWS AFFECTING WOMEN'S HOURS OF LABOR.
Although no State has adequately protected its working women
from injurious hours of labor until it has regulated each industry or
occupation by the passage of all types of hour-law legislation discussed in the preceding paragraphs, no one State has achieved this
standard. A law limiting hours needs to specify not only a definite
number of hours per week but a definite number of hours per day
and days per week. Neither a daily nor an hourly limitation alone
is adequate. Then, too, provision needs to be made against too long
continuous periods of employment. Simply to provide for a lunch
period of definite length is not enough. A law should provide that
either a lunch or rest period must be granted after a limited number
of hours of continuous employment. States that regulate daily hours
often fail to prohibit night work, but the two laws are corrolaries, for
prohibition of night work makes it easier to enforce daily hour laws,
because hour schedules must be fitted into the regular hours when
work is allowed. A few States have all three types of laws for their
industries which employ the greatest number of women, notably Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania, where the laws cover manufacturing establishments. The States that have industrial commissions are establishing legislation that covers all these points more
rapidly than the ones that depend on separate acts of their legislatures for each step forward.
LAWS REGULATING HOME WORK.
About one-fourth of the States have laws either prohibiting or
regulating home work. Since women form a very large proportion
of all home workers, so that large numbers of them are affected by
such legislation, these laws are included in this report. Ten StatesIllinois, Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New
York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee—have prohibited for all, except
the immediate members of a family, certain forms of home work, in
general the manufacture of clothing, trimmings, and tobacco products.
Moreover, certain requirements that must be met by any one doing
home work are established by law in Connecticut, New Jersey, and
Wisconsin, and similar requirements for the immediate members of
the family doing home work are established by law in all of the
States, except Ohio, listed in the preceding paragraph, which prohibit home work for persons other than the immediate members of a
family. In general these conditions provide for cleanliness, adequate
lighting and ventilation, and freedom from infectious and contagious
diseases. The majority of these laws were passed a number of
years ago. While all the other types of laws considered in this
report are constantly changing, only one of the States that have
13 S T A T E L A W S _ A F F E C T I N G
WORKING
WOMEN.
home-work laws, New Jersey, has enacted or amended any homework legislation in the last five years.
MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS.
Twelve States—Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Kansas)
Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Dakota, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin—the District of Columbia, and the Territory
of Porto Rico have laws establishing a minimum wage for women
workers. Two States—Arizona and Utah—and the Territory of
Porto Rico have set a minimum wage by law in specified industries
or occupations. Arkansas also has a minimum wage set by law, but
the minimum-wage and maximum-hour commission has power to
change this rate for any of the industries or occupations in the State
and has done so in mercantile establishments in Fort Smith. The
remaining States—California, Colorado, Kansas, Massachusetts,
Minnesota, North Dakota, Oregon, Washington, Wisconsin—and
the District of Columbia have created boards or commissions
With power to study the various occupations or industries and estabr
lish minimum-wage rates for each or all of them. This has been done
for one or more groups of workers in all the States,except Colorado,
where through lack of an appropriation the commission has never
functioned. The awards of the boards or commissions are mandatory
all the States except Massachusetts, where they can be enforce^
°nly through publicity and the strong support of public opinion.
The highest wages set in any of these awards are $18 per week for
the public housekeeping occupation in the State of Washington and
$20 per week for office workers in North Dakota. Where the rate?
are set by law they have not responded to the great rise iq the cost
living since 1914. The rate in Utah and Arkansas is $7.50 per
Week for experienced women.
MOTHERS' PENSIONS LAWS.
Forty States and two Territories (Alaska and Hawaii) have
pothers' pensions laws. Only eight States—Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina, South Carolina,
tthode Island—have no laws granting aid to needy mothers. There
are almost as many classes of women entitled to pensions under
Jjese laws as there are States having such laws. Five States—
londa > Minnesota, Wisconsin, North Dakota, and Missouri, outside
of Jackson County and St. Louis—have laws broad enough to include
P'&ndmothers or stepmothers, or women other,than their mothers,
°n
children are dependent. Colorado alone provides for giving
a Pension to needy parents—i. e., mother, father, or mother and
er Only two States—Michigan and' Nebraska—and the Terri-
14
STATE L A W S _ AFFECTING
WORKING
WOMEN.
tory of Hawaii give pensions to needy unmarried mothers; and only
three States—Colorado, Missouri, outside of Jackson County and St.
Louis, and Pennsylvania—make any provision for expectant mothers.
The more recent laws are, in general, more liberal, trying to include
all women who need assistance in order to bring up their children
properly in their own homes. In contrast, however, to the inclusiveness of some laws, nine States—California, Utah, Arizona, Connecticut, Louisiana, Maryland, New Jersey, Texas, Virginia—limit the
payment of pensions to widows only. Moreover, in all the States
the actual sums paid to the women are small. Two States—Florida
and Nevada—allow $25 per month for one child, but two other
States—Delaware and New Jersey—allow only $9 per month and
two more States—Iowa and Vermont—allow only $2 per week.
Between these extremes of high and low there are more States granting $12 to $15 than there are States that allow around $20 per month.
SUMMARY.
When the entire group of 10 charts is considered, it is even more
striking than when only the hour-law charts were considered to find
that every State has failed to cover fully the possible types of legislation for the protection and help of its women citizens. A comparison of the different maps will show that there is not a single State
which appears either as white (white signifies the best laws in each
class) or as the next best color in every map.
chakt
j.—iskj
rrr uocju
a n d
istght-anji-a-ijalk
PART A.—EIGHT-HOUR
State and date of enactment.
Weekly limit.
Arizona. 1 9 1 3 .
In " T h e Revised Statutes of Arizona," 1913.
Penal Code, sec. 717, p. 149.
California.
1911,1913,1919,1930.
I n " General L a w s of California," 1915 ( c d . b y
James II. Decring), act 1537, p . 5SG, and in
"Consolidated Supplement to the Codes and
General L a w s of California of 1015," 19171919 ( c d . b y James H . Deering), Title 242,
p . 1200.
56 hours...
j i o u r
l a w s
f o r
w o m e n
w o r k e r s .
LAWS, 1
Overtime.
Occupations or industries specified.
Mercantile establishments, confectionery store,
bakery; 2 hours on 1 day weekly, provided
employee works only 0 days n week.
Mercantile establishment, confectionery store, bakery,
laundry, hotel, restaurant, or telephone or telegraph
office or exchange. Exceptions: Nurses, telephone or
telegraph office or exchange in which not more than 3
females arc employed.
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishment,
laundry, hotel, public lodging house, apartment house,
hospital, place of amusement, or restaurant, or telegraph
or telephone establishment or office, or the operation of
elevators In office buildings, or any express or transportation company. Exceptions: Graduate nurses in nosltals, fruit, fish, or vegetable canning, or drying estabshments during period necessary to save products from
48 hours..
E
Industrial Welfare Commission
Nos.3,6,1920. .
Industrial
Welfare Commission
Nos. 3, 6, 8, 14, 1920.
Orders,
48 hours, 6 days,
Orders,
48 hours (basic).
6 days (basic).
Industrial
Welfare Commission Orders,
Nos. 8, 9, 1920.
Order,
Industrial
Welfare Commission
No. 10, 1920.
Colorado. 1 9 1 3 , 1 9 1 7 .
I n " Session L a w s of Colorado/ 1 1913, p. 692,
L917, ch.
and "Session L a w s of Colorado," 191
98, p . 380.
District of C o l u m b i a . 1 9 1 4 .
I n " T h e Code for the District of Columbia,"
1919 (ed. b y William S. Torbet), p . 403.
48 hours.
6 d a y s (basic).
48 hours
If time and a quarter is paid for all hours u p to 12
and double time for ah hours in excess of 12.
and if time and a quarter is paid for tho first
8 hours of tho day of rest and double this time
and a quarter for all hours over 8.
W o r k m a y be done on tho seventh day if time
and a quarter is paid.
Industrial commission may allow overtime in
cases of emergency, provided an increased
minimum wage is paid.
48 hours, 6 days.
Lauding in tho fruit and vegetable canning industry or in
tho flsn-canning industry.
Fruit and vegetable canning industry, fresh fruit and vegotable pac
icklng
k
industry,
.
foil-canning industry, agrlcultural field occupations.
Dried fruit Industry, general and professional offices.
Unclassified occupations.
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishments,
laundry, hotel, or restaurant.
It>
£
ui
>
H
Q
H
hH
o
o
B
P
o
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishment,
laundry, hotel, or restaurant, or telegraph or telephone
establishment or office, or a n y express or transportation
company.
i Wisconsin has an industrial commission order limiting tho working hours of women on street railways to 8 per d a y , but n o women are employed in such a capacity In Wisconsin.
o*
CHART I.—EIGHT-HOUR AND EIGHT-AND-A-HALF HOUR LAWS FOR WOMEN WORKERS—Concluded.
P A R T A.—EIGHT-HOUR L A W S i-Concluded.
State and date of enactment.
Kansas. 1918, 1919.
Industrial Welfare Commission Order. No. 8,
1918.
Industrial Welfare Commission Order, No. 9,
1918.
Industrial Welfare Commission Order, No. 10,
1919.
Montana. 1 9 1 7 .
In " Session Laws of Montana," 1917, eh. 70,
pp . 92-93.
Nevada. 1 9 1 7 .
In "Session Laws of Nevada," 1917, ch. 14,
p p . 16—17.
Weekly limit.
54 hours, 7 days 8
8 hours (basic),
6 days.
8 hours (basic),
55 hours, 6
days.
Porto lilco. 1919.
In "Session Laws of Porto R i c o / 2d sess.
1919, No. 73, pp. 49G-5GG.
Occupations or industries specified.
Public housekeeping establishments.
If time and a half is paid for all hours over the
basic day.
In emergencies if time and a half is paid for all
hours over the basic day.
Retail stores; 2 hours daily during the week
before Christmas.
Telephone operators.
Manufacturing establishments.
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishment,
telephone exchange room or office, or telegraph office,
laundry, hotel, or restaurant.
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishment,
laundry, hotel, public lodging house, apartment house,
place of amusement, or restaurant, express or transportation company. Exceptions: Nurses or nurses in training, harvesting, curing, canning, or drying of perishable
fruit or vegetables.
56 hours..
New Mexico. 1 9 2 1 .
Senate Bill No. 81, see. 1, sec. 4.
Sec. 7,.
Overtime.
4 hours weekly if time and a half is paid and the
total hours of labor for a 7-day week do not
exceed CO.
48 hours..
Indefinite overtime allowed in emergencies resulting from flood, fire, storm, epidemic of
sickness or other like causes.
4 S hours..
1 hour daily if double time is paid and the maximum wcokl y hours are not exceeded.
Any mechanical establishment or factory, or laundry, or
hotel, or restaurant, caf6, or eating house, or any place
of amusement. Exceptions: Females employed in offices
as stenographers, bookkeepers, clerks, or in other clerical
work and not required to do manual labor; canneries or
other establishments engaged in preparing for use perishable goods; females engaged in interstate commerce
where the working hours are regulated by any act of
Congress of the United States.
Telephone establishment or office thereof. Exceptions:
Shift working between 9 p. m. and 7 a. m.; establishments where 5 or less operators are employed and where
the average number of calls per hour answered by one
operator does not exceed 230; females engaged in interstate commerce where the working hours are regulated
b y any act of Congress of .the United States.
Any lucrative occupation. Exceptions: Telephone operators, telegraphers, artists, nurses, or domestics, over 16
years of age.
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D t a i i . l O 10.
In "Session Z,awa of Utah," 1910, ch. 70, p,
242.
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishment,
laundry, hotel, restaurant, or telegraph or telephone
establishment, hospital, or office, or any express or transportation company. Exceptions: Packing or canning of
perishable fruits or vegetables, manufacturers of containers of same during packing season, emergencies when
life or property is in imminent danger.
I Washington.
1011.
to
I n "Pierce's Code State of Washington,
Y
1919, Vol. I , sec. 3450, p . 1057.
Mechanical or mercantile establishment, laundry, hotel, or
restaurant. Exceptions: Harvesting, packing, curing,
canning, or drying perishable fruits or vegetables, canning fisli and shellfish.
%
P A R T B.—EIGHT-AND-A-HALF-H OUR LAWS.
North D a k o t a .
1019,1920.
I n "Session Laws of North D a k o t a , " 1919,
ch. 170, p . 314.
Minimum-wage department orders, Nos. 7,8,
9,11,1920.
a F o r six-day schedule see Chart I I .
4S hours, 6 days.
48 hours, 0 days.
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Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishment,
laundry, hotel or restaurant, or telephone or telegraph
establishment or office, or a n v express or transportation
c o m p a n y . Exceptions: Ruraf telephone exchanges or in
villages and towns of less than 500 population.
Manufacturing, office, laundry, mercantile occupations in
villages or towns of loss than 500 population.
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CHART II.—NINE-HOUR LAWS FOR WOMEN WORKERS.
State and date of enactment.
Arkansas.
1915,1019.
I n " D i g e s t of the Statutes o / A r k a n s a s , " 1916
(ed. b y W i l l i a m F . K i r b y a n d John T .
Castle), c h . 107, sees. 5446-5457, p p . 13011304, a n d in " S e s s i o n L a w s of Arkansas/"
1919, N o . 275, p p . 203-204.
Minimum wage a n d m a x i m u m hour c o m mission order " R e g u l a t i n g E m p l o y m e n t of
Females i n ' H o t e l s a n d Restaurants," 1919.
Idaho. 1 9 1 3 .
In " Compiled Statutes of I d a h o , " 1919, V o l . I ,
Political Code, sec. 2330, p . 653.
Kansas. 1017, 1018.
Industrial Welfare Commission Order, N o . 3a,
1917.
Industrial Welfare Commission Order, N o . 7,
191 a.
Industrial Welfare Commission Order, N o . 8,
1918.
Maine. 1915.
I n " R e v i s e d Statutes of Maine, 6th e d . , " 1916,
p p . 1650-1652.
Weekly limit.
54 hours, 6 days. Canning and c a n d y factories m a y work overtime 90 days a year, with the permission of the
minimum-wage commission if time and a half
is paid for all hours over 9 per d a y .
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishment,
l a u n d r y , or a n y express o t transportation c o m p a n y .
Exceptions: Cotton factories, gathering of fruits, or farm
products.
Gdays..
Hotels and restaurants.
Mechanical or mercantile establishment, laundry, hotel, or
restaurant, or telegraph or telephone establishment or
office, or a n y express or transportation c o m p a n y .
Exceptions: Harvesting, packing, curing, canning, or drying
perishable fruits or vegatables.
6days.
.
54 hours.
.....
Mercantile establishments.
Laundries.
v
5-1 hours, 6 days i
54 hours..
Public housekeeping establishments.
In order to get 1 short d a y per week, overtime is
permitted if the m a x i m u m weekly hours arc
not exceeded.
48 hours..
I n seasonal employments, 52 hours per week if
average for year is 48 hours per week. I n
emergencies overtime is allowed i n publicservice occupations.
H o t e l employees not
employed In a manufacturing, mercantile, or
mechanical establishment connected with a
hotel are permitted to w o r k o n e hour overtime
daily if the m a x i m u m weekly hours arc not
exceeded.
In "Compiled Laws of Michigan," 1915. sec. 51 hours.,
6330, p. 2023, and in " Session Laws of Mich- I
igan/' 1919, act NO. 341, p . 613.
I
One hour of overtime daily if tho weekly hours
are not exceeded.
Mlclilgan. 1009, 1010.
Occupations or industries specified.
Overtime.
Massachusetts.
1918,1919.
I n "Session Laws of Massachusetts," 1918,
ch. 147, p . 118.
I n " S e s s i o n L a w s of Massachusetts," 1919,
c h . 113, p p . 8-1-86, and in "Session L a w s of
Massachusetts," 1921, ch. 280, p . 2.
OO
Workshop, factory, manufacturing, or mechanical establishment, or laundry. Exceptions: Manufacturing establishment or business tho materials and products of which
are perishable.
Elevators in establishments previously covered or that
m a y bo covered b y future enactments, buildings occupied b y such estabushments, office buildings.
Factory or workshop or a n y manufacturing, mercantile,
mcchanical establishment, telegraph office, or telephone
exchange, or any express o r transportation c o m p a n y , or
any laundry, hotel, manicuring or hair-dressing establishment, motion-picture theater, or an elevator operator or
a switchboard operator in a private exchange,
Factory, mill, warehouse, workshops, clothing, dressmaking or millinery establishments or any place where
the manufacture of any kind of goods is carried on or
whero any goods arc prepared for manufacturing, or any
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Minnesota.
1013.
In "General Statutes of Minnesota/
sec. 3851, p. 879.
goods Irt fruit a n d vegetable canning establishments.
1913,
Missouri. 1 9 0 0 , 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 3 , 1 9 1 9 .
I n " R e v i s e d Statutes of Missouri" 1909, sec.
7815, p . 61G, i n " S e s s i o n L a w s of Miss o u r i , 1 9 1 1 , p . 311, i n "Session Laws of Missouri, " 1913, p . 400, In " Session Laws of Miss o u r i , " 1919, p . 447.
I In order to get 1 shorter work d a y per woek,
J overtimois permitted, it the m a x i m u m weekly
| hours are not exceeded.
54 hours
N e w Mexico. 1 9 2 1 .
Senate Bill N o . 81, sec. 2, sec. 3, sec. 5, sec. 6. . 56 hours
New Y o r k . 1 9 0 9 , 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 3 , 1 9 1 4 , 1 9 1 5 ,
1917, 1918, 1919, 1920.
I n " A n n o t a t e d Consolidated L a w s of N e w
Y o r k , " 1918 (2d ed., b y Birdseye, Gumming.
Industrial commission order in " I
Code o f N o w Y o r k , " 1920, p . 187.
1
F o r 7-day schedule see Chart I .
Mechanical or manufacturing establishment, telephone, or
telegraph establishment in cities of the first or second
class. Exceptions: Canning, if establishment operates
only during a period of six weeks.
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishment or
factory, workshop, laundry or bakery o r restaurant or
any place of amusement, or stenographic or clerical work
of a n y character in the above industries, or a n y express or
transportation or public utility business or c o m m o n carrier or public institution. Exceptions: Establishments
canning and packing perishable farm products i n places
under 10,000 population for 90 days annually; telephone
companies; towns, or cities having a population of 3,000
orless.
Nebraska.
1899,1913,1915,1919.
I n " Session Laws of Nebraska," 1919, c h . 190,
Title I V , Article I I , sec. 5, p . 547.
bert), sees. 77-78, p . 1*040.
IniltHlrj', m tore, nliup, or any otlior inorcnutlle ofltnbllnltxtttftit, o h v ofltt-o or rewtauraut, thoator, cunccrt Jiull,
rauslo liuii, liotol, or operating an elevator or on street or
oloctrlc railways. Inceptions: Preserving
perishable
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishment,
laundry, hotel, or restaurant, office, any public-service
corporation in metropolitan cities and cities of the firstclass.
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2 hours o n Saturday in mercantile establishments provided t h e m a x i m u m weekly hours
are n o t exceeded; 4 hours weekly i n emergencies if t i m e and a half is paid and t h e total
hours of labor for a 7-day week d o not exceed 60.
Mercantile establishments; a n y person, firm, or corporation
engaged in any express or transportation or public utility
business or a n y c o m m o n carrier. Exceptions:
Drug
stores; females engaged in interstate commerce where the
working hours are regulated b y any act of Congress of
the United States.
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5-1 hours, 6 d a y s . Overtime regularly o n 5 days of tho week t o
make a shorter work d a y or holiday on the
sixth d a y ; irregularly 1 hour per d a y on 3
days of the week, provided weekly m a x i m u m
is n o t exceeded; 1 hour dally, 6 hours w e e k l j ,
June 15-Oct. 15, in establishments canning
perlsbablo products, 3 hours daily, 12 hours
weekly, June 25-Aug. 5, i n such establishments b y permission of tho industrial commission.
Exceptions: W o r k requiring continuous stand1
ing, labeling, or packing cans.
Factory, i . e., mill, workshop, manufacturing establishment, laundry.
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CHART II.—NINE-HOUR LAWS FOR WOMEN WORKERS-Concluded.
State and date of enactment.
W e e k l y limit.
Now York. 1909, 1910, 1913, 1914, 1915,
1 9 1 7 , 1 9 1 8 , 1 9 1 9 , 1920—ConcIuded.
I n " A n n o t a t e d Consolidated L a w s of N e w 54 hours, G days
Y o r k , " 1918 (2d ed., b y Birdseye, Cumming, and Gilbert), ch. 31, sec.161, p p . 46514652, and in " C u m u l a t i v e Supplement, 19181920, Annotated Consolidated Laws of New
Y o r k " (ed. b y Birdsoye, Cumming, and
Gilbert), c h . 31, see. 161, p . 1057.
I n " A n n o t a t e d Consolidated L a w s of N e w 54 hours, 6 d a y s .
Y o r k , " 1918 (2d ed., b y Birdsoye, C u m mfng, and Gilbert), ch. 31, sec. 161, p . 4651.
I n " C u m u l a t i v e Supplement 1918-1920, A n notated Consolidated L a w s of N e w Y o r k "
(ed., b y Birdsoye, Cumming, a n d Gilbert),
Ch. 31, sec. 161-d, p p . 1058-1059.
I n " C u m u l a t i v e Supplement 1918-1920, A n notated Consolidated L a w s of N e w Y o r k "
(od., b y Birdseye, Cumming, a n d Gilbert),
ch. 31, sec. 176, p . 1064.
North Dakota. 1930.
Minimum wage department orders, Nos. 5 and
6 t 1920.
Ohio.
1917,1919.
I n " G e n e r a l Code of Ohio Page's Compact
E d i t i o n , " 1921, V o l . I, sec. 1008, p p . 494-495.
Occupations or industries specified.
One day weekly in order t o get 1 or more shorter
days weekly.
Mercantile establishments. Exceptions: Dec. 18-24, 2 days
annually for stock taking. Writers or reporters i n newspaper offices m a y work 7 days per -week.
W o r k i n or in connection with restaurants in cities of the first
and second class. Exceptions: Singers and performers of
a n y kind, attendants in ladies' cloak rooms and parlors,
employees i n or in connection with the dining rooms and
kitchens of hotels or in connection with employees' lunchrooms or restaurants.
Conductor or guard o n a n y street, surface, electric, subway,
or elevated railroad.
54 hours, 6 d a y s .
54 hours, 6 days
Custody or management of or operation of a n y elevator for
freight or passengers in a n y building or place.
58 hours.
P u b l i c housekeeping occupation, personal service occupation in towns of less than 500 population.
50 hours, 6 d a y s . Mercantile establishments; 1 hour o n Saturday. Factory, workshops, telephone or telegraph office, millinery or dressmaking establishment, restaurant, the distribution or transmission of messages in or o n any interurban or street railway car, or as ticket sellers or elevator
operators, or in any mercantile establishment located in
any city. Exceptions: Canneries and establishments preparing for use perishable goods during the canning
season.
Oklahoma. 1915, 1919.
I n " Session Laws of O k l a h o m a , " H)10, ch. 103, 54 hours.
p . 235,
Overtime.
Telephone operators in time of disaster and epidemic, if consent of employee is secured and
double time paid. Hotel and restaurant e m ployees in emergencies m a y work 1 hour overtime per day if consent of employee is secured
and double time paid.
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishment,
laundry, bakery, hotel, or restaurant, office building or
warehouse, telegraph or telephone establishment or office, or printing establishment, or b o o k bindery, or any
theater, show house, or place of amusement, or a n y other
establishment employing a n y female. Exceptions: Registered pharmacists, nurses, agricultural or domestic
labor, establishments outside or towns or cities of 6,000
population and employing less than 6 females.
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Industrial welfare commission orders, N03. 37, / 48 Jaours, 0 days
39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 1919.
'
Industrial welfare commission order N o . 43,
1919.
Texas. 1915.
I n " C o m p l e t e Texas Statutes," 1920, Penal
Code, sees. 1451-h to H51-m, p . 223.
Manufacturing occupation, mercantile occupation, laundry
occupation, personal service establishment (1. o., manicuring, hairdrcssiiig, bar boring, and other work of like
nature, and the work of ushers in theaters), telephone or
telegraph occupations in the city of Portland, public
housekeeping occupation (i. e., hotel, restaurant, boarding house, car cleaners, janitresses, elevator operators).
Exceptions; Fruit and vegetable drying, canning, preserving and packing establishments, rural telephone establishments which do not require the uninterrupted
attention of an operator may bo granted special license by
commission.
Telephone and telegraph occupations, outside of tho city of
Portland.
4S hours..
54 hours..
Laundries in cases of extraordinary emergency,
provided consent of employee is secured, m a y
work 2 hours overtime per d a y , provided
weekly m a x i m u m is not exceeded and double
time is paid for all hours above 9 daily. W oolen
and cotton mills 1 hour daily, 6 hours weekly,
If double time is paid for all hours above
9 daily.
Factory, mine, mill, workshop, mechanical or mercantile
establishment, laundry, hotel, restaurant, or rooming
house, theater or moving picture show, barber shop, telegraph, telephone, or other office, express or transportation
company, State institution, or any other establishment,
institution, or enterprise where females are employed.
Exceptions: Stenographers, pharmacists, telephone and
telegraph companies, mercantile establishments in rural
districts and in citics of less than 3,000 population.
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CHART III,—TEN-HOUR LAWS FOR WOMEN WORKERS.
State and date of enactment.
Connecticut. 1902, 1 9 0 7 , 1909, 1911,
1913,1917.
In "General Statutes of Connecticut, Revision of 1918," sec. 5301, p. I486.
Delaware. 1 9 1 3 , 1 9 1 7 .
In "Session Laws of Delaware," 1917, ch.
230, pp. 741-742.
Georgia. 1 8 8 9 , 1 9 1 1 .
In "Park's Annotated Code of Georgia,"
1914, Vol. II, sec. 3137, p. 1570.
Weekly limit.
Occupations or industries specified.
Manufacturing or mechanical establishment.
55 hours..
55 hours, G days
Two hours on 1 day weekly provided weekly
maximum is not exceeded.
Mercantile, mechanical, or manufacturing establishment,
laundry, baking or printing establishment, telephone
and telegraph office or exchange, restaurant, hotel,
, place of amusement, dressmaking establishment or office.
Exceptions: Canning or preserving or preparation for canning or preserving of perishable fruits and vegetables.
60hours.,
Permitted to make up time lost, not to exceed
10 days annually, caused by accidents or
other unavoidable circumstances.
Cotton or woolen manufacturing establishments.
Exception?: Engineers, firemen, watchmen, mechanics,
teamsters, yard employees, clerical forces,
cleaners
repairmen.
Illinois. 1 9 0 9 , 1 9 1 1 .
In " Revised Statutes of Illinois," 1919, ch.
48, sec. 121, p. 1449.
Kentucky. 1 9 1 2 .
In " T h e Kentucky Statutos,» 1915, 5th ed.
(ed. by John D . Carroll), Vol. II, ch. 135,
sec. 4866 b, p . 2458.
Louisiana. 1 9 0 8 , 1 9 1 6 .
In "Constitution and Statutes of Louisiana,"
1920 (ed. by Solomon Wolf), Vol. II, pp.
1082 and 1084.
Overtime.
Mechanical or mercantile establishment, or factory, or
laundry, or hotel or restaurant, or telegraph or telephone
establishment or office thereof, or any place of amusement, or any express or transportation or public utility
business, or common carrier, or public institution.
60 hours.
Laundry, bakery, factory, workshop, store, or mercantile,
manufacturing or mechanical establishment, or hotel,
restaurant, telephone exchange or telegraph office.
60 hours..
Mill, factory, mine, packing house, manufacturing establishment, workshop, laundry, millinery or dressmaking
stores, or mercantile establishment in which more than
five persons are employed, hotel or restaurants, or any
theater or concert nail, on, in, or about any place of
amusement where intoxicating liquors are made or sold,
or any bowling alley, bootblacking establishment, freight
or passenger elevator, or in the transmission or distribution of messages, either telephone or telegraph, or any
other messages, or merchandise, or in any other occupation not herein enumerated which may be deemed
unhealthful or dangerous. Exceptions: Stores or mercantile establishments on Saturday nights.
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GO hours.,
laws of Maryland, ** 191S (ed. by George P.
Bagbv), Vol. I V , Article C, see. 51, pp.
747-748.
Minnesota.
1900,1911,1913.
I n G e n e r a l Statutes of Minnesota," 1913, sec.
3851, p . 879.
I n " L a b o r Laws of Minnesota," 1919. L a w s
1909, c h . 499. p . 100 (issued b y tho Departm e n t of Labor and Industries, St. Paul,
Minn.).
Mississippi. 1 9 1 4 .
I n " A n n o t a t e d Mississippi C o d e , " 1917 (ed.
b y W i l l i a m R . H e m i n g w a y ) , V o l . I I , sec.
4527,p. 2160.
N e w Jersey. 1 9 1 2 .
I n " First Supplement t o the Compiled Statutes of N e w Jersey," 1911-1915, sec. 83, p . 866,
a n d in Session L a w s 1921, c h . 194, p . 510.
N e w Mexico. 1 9 2 1 .
Senate bill N o . 81, sec. 7..
North Dakota. 1 9 2 0 .
M i n i m u m W a g e Department Order, N o . 12,
1920,
Oregon.
1907,1909,1917.
I n " O r e g o n Laws,*' 1920, V o l . I I , sec. 66S9,
p . 2676.
Pennsylvania. 1 9 1 3 , 1 9 1 5 .
I n " C u m u l a t i v e Supplement t o Purdon's
Digest of the Statute Law of Pennsylvania,"
1905-1915, V o l . V , sees. 35-46, p p . 6115-6116.
58 hours..
58 hours.,
Two hours on Saturdays and the O days before Manufacturing, mechanical, mercantile, printing, baking
or laundering establishment. Exceptions: Canning, preChristmas in retail mercantile establishments
serving or preparing for canning or preserving of perishoutside of the city of Baltimore, if 2 rest
able fruits and vegetables.
periods of 1 hour cach arc granted on each day
overtime is worked and 9 hours constitute tho
maximum day during tho remainder of the
year.
I n order t o get 1 shorter workday per week overtime is permitted, if the weekly m a x i m u m
hours are not exceeded. Mercantile establishments m a y work 11 hours on Saturdays, p r o vided the weekly m a x i m u m hours are not exceeded.
I n order t o get 1 short w o r k d a y per week overtime is permitted, if the weekly m a x i m u m
hours are n o t exceeded.
Mercantile establishment, restaurant, lunchroom, or eating
house, or kitchen operated, i n connection therewith in
cities of the first or second class.
Manufacturing or mechanical establishment outside cities
of the first or second class.
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60 hours..
Permitted i n cases of emergency or public necessity.
Manufacturing or mercantile establishment, bakery, laund r y or restaurant. Exceptions: Canneries engaged in
packing a perishable product, such as fruits or vegetables;
hotels or other continuous business where working hours
d o not excecd 8 per d a y .
54 hours, 6 d a y s .
60 hours.,
Laundry, millinery, dressmaking, store or office, mercantile establishments, theater, telegraph or telephone office,
or a n y other occupation. Exceptions: Domestic servants.
Indefinite overtime allowed in emergencies resulting from flood, fire, storm, epidemic of
sickness; or other like causes.
A n y telephone establishment or office thereof; shift working between 9 p . m . and 7 a . m . Exceptions: Establishments where 5 or less operators are employed a n d where
t h e average number o f calls per hour answered b y 1
operator does not exceed 230; females engaged in interstate commerce where the working hours are regulated
b y a n y act of Congress of tho United States.
Telephone establishment in towns of less than 500 population, rural telephone exchanges.
63 hours..
Overtime is allowed if time and a half is paid for
all hours over 10 per d a y .
5t hours, 6 d a y s . T w o hours on not more than 3 days of the week,
if a legal holiday occurs during tho week and
the m a x i m u m weekly hours are not exceeded.
Canneries or driers or packing plants.
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A n y establishment. " T h o term 'establishment' when
used in this act shall mean a n y place within this Commonwealth where work is done for compensation of any
sort t o whomever p a y a b l e . " Exceptions: Nurses in hospitals, work in private homes, farming, canning of fruit
and vegetable products.
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CHART
State and date of enactment.
R h o d e Island.
III.—TEN-HOUR LAWS FOR WOMEN WORKERS—Concluded.
Weekly limit.
Overtime.
to
Occupations or Industries specified.
1000,1013.
Ill "Session Lows," 1013-14, eh. 012, p. 6.
S o u t h Carolina. 1 0 1 i t 1 0 1 4 .
I n "Session L a w s ' o f South Carolina,"
N o . 547, p p . 937-939.
1916,
South Dakota.
1013.
I n " S o u t h Dakota Revised C o d e , " 1019, Vol.
TI, sec. 10014, p . 2602,
Virginia. 1 8 8 0 - 9 9 , 1 0 1 2 , 1 0 1 4 , 1 0 1 8 .
In " C o d e of V i r g i n i a , " 1919, V o l . I, sec. 180S,
t, 676, and i n "Session Laws of Virginia,"
918, chs. 214 and 414, p p . 363 and 756.
f
Wisconsin. 1 9 1 3 .
I n " Wisconsin Statutes," 1919, sec. 1728-2, p p .
1420-1421.
Wyoming. 1017.
I n " Session Laws of W y o m i n g , " 1917, ch. 106,
p . 167.
51 hours..
60 hours.,
Factory, manufacturing, mechanical, business or mercantile establishment.
One hour of overtime per d a y is allowed, if
weekly hours are not exceeded. Sixty hours
of overtime m a y bo worked annually to make
up lost time caused b y accident or unavoidable cause.
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A n y employment. Exceptions: Farm laborers, domestic
servants, or persons engaged i n the care of live stock.
0).
Factory, workshop, laundry, mercantile or manufacturing
establishment. Exceptions: Mercantile establishments in
t o w n s of less than 2,000 or in country districts, bookkeepers, stenographers, cashiers, or office assistants, factories packing fruits or vegetables.
55 hours..
Place of employment, i. c., manufacturing, mechanical, or
mercantile establishment, laundry, restaurant, confectionery store, or telegraph or telephone office or exchange,
or a n y express or transportation establishment.
60 hours, 7 days,
or 52 hours, 6
days.
Manufacturing, mechanical, mercantile, printing, baking,
laundering, canning establishment, hotel, restaurant,
theater, or place of public amusement.
i Virginia enforces section 4570 of the codo of 1918, which prohibits work on Sunday.
Cotton and woolen manufacturing establishments.
Exceptions: Mechanics, engineers, firemen, watchmen, teamsters, yard employees, and clerical force.
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I F . — T E N - A N D - A - Q T J A R T E R - H O U R , TKN-AND-A-HAI.V-IIOUIl,
ELEVEN-HOUR, AND TWELVE-HOUR LAWS FOR
WORKERS.
TEN-AND-A-QUARTER-HOUE
State and date of enactment.
New Hampshire.
1917.
I n "Session Laws of N e w H a m p s h i r e / ' 1917,
ch. 196, p . 750.
Weekly limit.
Occupations or industries specified.
Manual or mechanical labor in any employment.
Exceptions: Household labor and nurses, domestic, hotel, and
boarding house labor, operators in telephone and telegraph offices, and farm labor, manufacture of munitions
or supplies for tho United States or State during war
time. Mercantile establishments on the 7 days preceding
Christmas, provided annual weekly average does not
exceed 54 flours.
54 hours
LAWS.
Workshop, factory (i. e., manufacturing, mills, mechanical, electrical, mercantile, art, and laundering establishments, printing, telegraph and telephone offices, department stores, or any kind of establishment wherein labor
is employed or machinery is used). Exceptions: Domestic
service and agricultural pursuits.
57 hours
Vermont.
1917,1919.
In " G e n e r a l Laws of V e r m o n t , " 1917, sec. 5S37, 56 hours
p . 1001, and in " Session Laws of V e r m o n t , "
1919, No. 160, p. 172.
Mine or quarry, manufacturing or mechanical establishment. Exceptions: In any manufacturing establishment
or business, the materials or products of which are perishable, tho commissioner of industries, with the approval
of the governor, m a y suspend the law for a period not to
oxceed t w o months in any one year.
ELEVEN-HOUR
N o r t h Carolina. 1 9 1 5 .
I n " Consolidated Statutes of North Carolina,"
1919, sec. 6554, p . 595.
LAW.
1
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60 hours
A l l factories and manufacturing establishments.
Exceptions: Engineers, firemen, superintendents, overseers, section and yard hands, office men, watchmen, repairers of
breakdowns.
.
TWELVE-HOUR
S o u t h Carolina. 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 4 .
I n "Session L a w s of South Carolina/ 1 1914,
N o . 202, p. 481.
LAW.
Overtime.
TEN-AND-A-HALF-HOUR
Tennessee.
1913,1915.
I n " Thompson's Shannon's Tennessee Code,"
1918, sees. 4342a-51—4342a-52, pp. 1863-1864.
WOMEN
LAW.
Mercantile establishments.
to
Ci
CHART V.—WEEKLY HOUR LAWS FOR WOMEN WORKERS.
State and date of enactment.
Weekly limit.
Overtime.
Occupations or industries specified.
Connecticut. 1 9 0 2 , 1907, 1 9 0 9 , 1911,
1913, 1 9 1 7 .
In "General Statutes of Connecticut," Revision of 1918, sec, 5302 and sec. 5300, pp.
1480, 1487.
58 hours..
Maine, 1915.
In "Revised Statutes of Maine," 6th ed., 1910,
pp. 1650-1652.
Any bowling alley or mercantile establishment, public
restaurant or cafe, dining room, barber shop, hair dressing or manicuring establishment, photograph gallery.
Exceptions: Hotels, mercantile establishments from Dec.
17 to 25 if employer grants at least seven holidays with
pay annually.
54 hours..
Telephone exchange employing more than 3 operators,
mercantile establishment, store, restaurant, telegraph
office, or any express or transportation company. Exceptions: Millinery establishments on the 8 days prior to
Easter Sunday, mercantile establishments on Dec. 17 to
24, inclusive, public service in cases of emergency or in
cases of extraordinary public requirement.
Minnesota. 1 9 0 9 , 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 2 1 .
In " Labor Laws of Minnesota," 1919, Laws of
1909, ch. 499. p. 100 (issued by the Department of Labor and Industries, St. Paul,
Minn.).
Minimum Wage Commission Order No. 12,
1921.
New York. 1 9 0 9 , 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 8 .
In "Cumulative Supplement, 1918-1920, Annotated Consolidated Laws of New Y o r k "
(ed. b y Birdseye, Cumming, and Gilbert),
ch. 31, sec. 161-c, pp. 1057-1058.
Oregon. 1 9 1 9 .
industrial Welfare Commission Order No. 44,
1919.
Industrial Welfare Commission Order No. 48,
1920.
58 hours..
48 hours (basic).
to
as
Mercantile establishments outside cities of the first or second
class.
All hours over 48 per woek must be paid for at A n y occupation.
the rate of 25 cents an hour in cities having
5,000 or more population and 21 \ cents on hour
in cities of less than 5,000 population.
54 hours, 6 days,
Messenger for a telegraph or messenger company in the
distribution, transmission, or delivery of goods or messages.
48 hours, 6 days.
Office occupation.
56 hours
Student nurses.
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Cbjuit
VT.—ZrAWS
PROVIDING
State and date of enactment.
FOR
A
DAY
Day of rest or one shorter
workday.
Arizona. 1 0 1 3 .
In " T h e Revised Statutes of
Arizona," 1913, Penal Code,
sec. 717, p . 149.
Arkansas. 1 0 1 5 , 1 0 1 0 .
In '' Digest of the Statutes of
Arkansas," 1916 (ed. b y
William. F. Kirby and
John T . Castle), ch. 107,
secs.5446-6450,pp. 1301-1304.
and in "Session Laws of
Arkansas," 1919, No. 275,
p p . 203-204.
REST,
ONE
SHORTER
WORKDAY,
Time for meals.
TIME
Rest periods.
No female shall bo employed
* * * more than 6 days
in any one week.
Time allowed for noon luncheon
shall not be less than three-quarters of an hour. (Females.)
FOR
MEALS,
AND
REST
Occupations or industries specified.
Mercantile establishment, confectionery store, bakery, laundry, hotel,
restaurant, or telephone or telegraph
office or exchange.
Exceptions:
Nurses, telephone or telegraph office
or exchange in which not more than 3
females are employed.
At least one hour for meals shall be
allowed each female during her
working period.
Minimum wage and maxi- No female shall be employed
* * * more than 6 days
m u m hour commission
in any one week.
order "Regulating employment of females in hotels
and restaurants," 1919.
California. 1 0 1 9 , 1 9 2 0 .
Industrial Welfare Commis- No person, firm, or corporation shall employ or
sion Order No. 4, 1919,
suffer or permit any woNos. 7 and 11,1920.
man * * * to work
more than 6 days in any
one week.
Industrial Welfare Commis- No person. Arm, or corposion Orders Noa. 5 and 11,
ration snail employ or
1920.
suffer or permit any woman ' * * * to work
more than 6 days in any
one week.
OF
P E R I O D S FOR WOMEN W O R K E R S .
No female shall be employed or
permitted to work more than 6
hours continuously without an
interval of at least three-quarters
of an hotir.
Exceptions:
hours1 continuous labor if such
employment ends not later than
half-past 1 in the afternoon and
the worker is dismissed for the
remainder of the day.
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishment, laundry, or
any express or transportation company. Exceptions: Cotton factories,
gathering of fruits or farm products.
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Hotels and restaurants.
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Females are entitled to 1 hour for
meals, cither at noontime or at
evening, but at noon they may
not be permitted to return to work
in less than one-half hour.
Laundry and dry cleaning and manufacturing industries.
Females are entitled to three-quarters of an hour for the noontime
meal, but they may not bo permitted to return to work In less
than one-half hour. They are
allowed 1 hour for the evening
meal
Mercantile establishments.
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CHARTVI.—LAWS PROVIDING FOR A DAY OF REST, ONE SHORTER WORKDAY, TIME
PERIODS FOR WOMEN WORKERS—Continued.
State and date of enactment.
Day of rest or one shorter
workday.
Time for meals.
Rest periods.
California. 1 9 1 9 , 1 9 2 0 — C o n .
Industrial Welfare Commission Orders Nos. 3, 6, 8, 9,
and 14,1920.
Females shall be entitled to
1 day's rest in 7. Exceptions: Emergencies, in
which case work may go
on if time and a quarter is
paid for the first 8 hours
and double time for all
hours above 8.
Industrial Welfare Commis- . No person, firm, or corporasion Orders Nos. 6 and 8,
tion shall employ or suffer
1920.
or permit any woman to
work more than 6 days in
any one week.
Industrial Welfare Commis- Every person, firm, or corporation shall provide 1 full
sion Orders Nos. 10 and 12,
day of rest a week for all
1920.
females who are employed
more than 6 hours per day.
Delaware. 1 9 1 7 .
In "Session Laws of Dela- No female shall be employed Not less than 30 minutes shall bo
allowed to every female * * *
ware," 1917, ch. 230, pp. 741more than G days in any
742.
for the midday or evening meal.
one calendar week.
District of Columbia. 1 9 1 4 .
In " T h e Code of Law for tho
District of Columbia," 1919
(ed b y William S. Torbet),
p . 403.
No female shall be employed
more than 6 days in any
one week.
FOR MEALS, AND REST co
Occupations or industries specified.
Fruit and vegetable canning industry,
fish-canning industry, fruit and vegetable packing industry (dried fruit
packing) (fresh fruit and vegetable
packing); general and professional
offices, agricultural field occupations.
Fish-canning industry (labeling); fruit
and vegetable packing industry
(dried-fruit industry).
Hotels and restaurants, unclassified
occupations.
No female shall be employed or Mercantile, mechanical, or manufacturing establishment; laundry, bakermitted to work more than 6
ing, or printing establishment; teleours continuously without an
phone and telegraph office or exinterval of at least three-quarters
change; restaurant, hotel, place of
of an hour. Exceptions: G£ hours
amusement, dressmaking establishcontinuous labor if such employment, or office.
ment ends not later thanlialfpast 1 in the afternoon and the
worker is dismissed for the remainder of the day.
E
No female shall be employed or
permitted to work more than 6
hours continuously without an
interval of at least three-quarters
of an hour. Exceptions: (1) G£
hours continuous labor if such
employment ends not later than
half-past 1 in the afternoon and
the worker is dismissed for the
°
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishments;
laundry;
hotel or restaurants, or telegraph or
telephone establishment or office, or
any express or transportation company.
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tabllshments or occupations in
which less than three females
are employed.
Indiana. 1 8 0 0 .
In " B u r n s Annotated Indi-J
ana Statutes," 1914, vol. 3,
sec. 8031, p . 999.
Kansas.
1917,1918,1919.
Industrial Welfare Commission Order N o . 3a, 1917.
Industrial Welfare Commission Order N o . 7,1918.
Industrial Welfare Commission Order N o . 8,1918.
Industrial Welfare Commission Order N o . 9,1918.
Industrial Welfare Commission Order N o . 10,1919.
Louisiana. 1 9 0 0 , 1 9 0 4 , 1 9 0 S ,
1916.
I n "Constitution and Statutes of Louisiana/ 1 1920
(ed. b y Solomon W o l f ) ,
vol. 2, p . 1090.
I b i d . , p . 1091
Not less than 60 minutes shall be
allowed for the noonday meal.
Exceptions:
Chief inspector m a y
issue written permits allowing
shorter meal time at noon.
No female person shall be
employed * * * more
than 6 days during each
wock.
Six days shall constitute a
basic week for all women
and minors.
E m p l o y m e n t for womuii
and minors shall b e limited to 6 days in a week,
with 1 day of rest in every
7 days.
Manufacturing or mercantile establishment, mine, quarry, laundry, renovating works, bakery, or printing
office.
Mercantile establishments.
Not less than 1 hour shall be allowed
for lunch. (Females.)
One hour shall be allowed for meals.
(Females.)
T h o meal relief shall b© not less than
45minutes.
N o female person shall be compelled to work more than 6 consecutive hours without * * *
time for lunch.
Laundries.
N o shift shall exceed 5 hours' duration.
Telephone operators.
N o t more than 5 hours shall b e
worked in any one period without relief for meals.
Manufacturing establishments.
Public housekeeping establishments.
Each day, between the hours of 10 All persons, firms, or corporations
doing business at retail.
a. m . and 3 p . m . , not less than
30 minutes for lunch or recreation shall be allowed femalo
labor or female clerks.
department
Each day, between the hours of 10 Retail business, retail
stores, retail establishments. Excepa. m . and 3 p . m . , at least 1 hour
tions: Cities of 50,000 or less inhabitfor a midday meal, lunch, or
ants.
rccreation sliall be allowed all
clerks.
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CHART VI.—LAWS PROVIDING FOR A DAY OF REST, ONE SHORTER WORKDAY, TIME FOR MEALS, AND REST
PERIODS FOR WOMEN WORKERS—Continued.
State and date of enactment.
Louisiana. 1 9 0 0 , 1 9 0 4 , 1 9 0 8 ,
191G—Concluded.
In "Constitution and Statutes of Louisiana," 1920
(ed. b y Solomon Wolf),
vol. 2, p. 1084.
Maine* 1 9 1 5 .
In "Revised Statutes of
Maine," Oth ed., 1916, pp.
1650-1652.
Day of rest or one shorter
workday.
Time for meals.
Rest periods.
Occupations or industries specified.
Mill, factory, mine, packing house,
manufacturing establishment, workshop, laundry, millinery, or dressmaking stores or hotel and restaurants. or mercantile establishments
in wnich more than 5 persons are
employed, or any theater, concert
hall, or in or about any place of
amusement
where
intoxicating
liquors are made or sold; or any
bowling alley, bootblacking establishment, freight or passenger elevator, or in the transmission or distribution of messages, either telephone or telegraph, or any other
messages or merchandise; or in any
other occupation not herein enumerated which may be deemed unhealthful or dangerous. Exceptions:
Stores or mercantile establishments
on Saturday nights.
All females shall be allowed 1 hour
each day for dinner. Exceptions:
In case two-thirds of employees
so desire, 30 minutes only may be
allowed.
No female shall be employed or Workshop, factory, manufacturing, or
mechanical establishment, or launermitted to work more than 6
dry, telephone exchange employing
ours continuously without an
more than 3 operators, or mercaninterval of at least 1 hour. Extile establishment, store, restaurant,
ceptions:
hours' continuous
telegraph office, or any express or
labor if such employment ends
transportation company.
Excepnot later than half past 1 in the
tions: Public service m cases of emerafternoon and the worker is disgency, or in cases of extraordinary
missed for the remainder,of the
public requirement, manufacturing
day.
establishment, or business the materials and products of which Eire
perishable.
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Jilarr/anrh,
If*i?. f, toia,
toia,
Co*to
liJ ".Aiuiotatcvi ('<
' of tho
roj l^aws of
PtibUo General
1018
(ed. b y
M a r y l a n d / ' 1918
gby),
Qeorgo P . BagbyX vol. 4,
A r t . 0 , sec. 51, p p . 741-748.
Massachusetts.
1909,1913,
1917.
I n "Session Laws of Massachusetts," 1909, ch. 514, sec.
52, p. 740.
I b i d . JPP.747-748, and i n " Session L a w s of Massachusetts," 1917, c h . 110, p p .
107-108.
I n "Session L a w s of Massachusetts," 1013, ch. 619, p p .
651-552.
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It shall be unlawful * * *
to require an employee
* * * to w o r k on the
Lord's D a y unless such
employee is allowed during the next 6 days 24 consecutive hours without
labor.
E v e r y person shall be allowed at least 24 consccutive hours of rest in every
7 consecutive days.
.1 No female shall be employed or
permitted to work more than 6
hours continuously without an
interval of at least a half hour.
Exceptions: 6£ hours' continuous labor if she shall not be permitted to work during the remainder of the day.
A l l females shall have at least t w o
rest intervals of not less than 1
hour each.
Manufacturing, mechanical, mercantile, printing, baking, or laundering
establishment. Exceptions:
Establishments employing less than 5 persons; canneries.
Mercantile establishments outside of
the city of Baltimore where work
is permitted for 12 hours on Saturdays, Christmas eve, and the 5 days
preceding Christmas eve.
Commercial occupation, industrial process, the work of transportation or
communication. Exceptions: Farm
or personal service; druggists; cases of
emergencies; request of employee.
N o woman * * * shall be em- See " T i m e for m e a l s " . .
ployed more than 6 hours at one
time without an interval of at least
45 minutes for a meal.
Exceptions: G£ hours at any one time if
such employment ends not later
than 1 o'clock in the afternoon and
the worker is dismissed for the remainder of the day: 7$ hours at any
one time if worker is allowed sufficient opportunity to eat a lunch,
and if such employment ends not
later than 2 o'clock in the afternoon
and the worker is dismissed for the
remainder of tho day.
Factory or workshop in which 5 or
more women or persons under 18
years of age are employed.
Exceptions: Ironworks, glass works, paper
mills, letter-press establishments,
print works, bleaching works, or dyeing works, or continuous processes exempted b y the chief of the district p o lice on approval of the governor.
Manufacturing or mercantile establishment. Exceptions: Gas or electric
lants, milk stations, waterworks,
otels, restaurants, drug stores, livery
stables, or garages.
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CHART VI.—LAWS PROVIDING FOR A DAY OF REST, ONE SHORTER WORKDAY, TIME
PERIODS FOR WOMEN WORKERS—Continued. °
State and date of enactment.
D a y of rest or one shorter
workday.
M i n n e s o t a . 1009,
1911,
1913.
I n " G e n e r a l Statutes of Minnesota," 1913, sec. 3851, p .
S79.
Rest periods.
N e w Jersey.
1911,1912.
I n " First Supplement to the
Compiled Statutes of N e w
Jersey," 1911-1915, sec. 54,
-p. 861,
XI.
A l l operatives and employees shall
bo given at least one-half hour for
their m i d d a y meal f after not more
than 6 hours continuous employm e n t . Exceptions: Saturday.
N o female shall b e employed,
allowed, or permitted t o
work * * * more than
6 days i n a n y one week.
Factory, workshop, store, or mill.
See " T i m e for m e a l s " .
Factory, mill, or workshop; mill or
place where the manufacture of goods
of any k i n d is carried on.
Manufacturing or mercantile establishm e n t ; bakenr, laundry, restaurant.
Exceptions; Canneries.
NewYotk. 1009,1910,1913,
1914, 1915, 1917, 1918,
1010.
In "Annotated Consolidated
Laws of New Y o r k " 1918
^2d cd. by Blrdseyc, Cummlng, and Gilbert), ch. 31,
sec. 8-n, pp. 451H-4519, and
in "Cumulative SuppleFRASER
Digitized for
Every
person
employed
shall 1MS allowed at least
2-1 consecutive hours of
Test In every calendar
week.
co
Occupations or Industries specified.
Mcrcantilo establishment, restaurant,
lunch room, or eating house, or
kitchen operated in connection therewith; mechanical or manufacturing
establishment; telephone or telegraph
establishment in cities of the first and
second class.
A t least 60 minutes shall bo allowed
for the noonday meal. Exctp>
tions: Commissioner of labor m a y
issue permits allowing a shorter
time.
A t least 20 minutes for lunch shall be
allowed w h e n employees are required or permitted to work mora
tnan 1 hour overtime after 6 p . m .
A t least 60 minutes shall be allowed
for the noonday meal.
Exceptions: Commissioner of labor m a y
issue permits allowing a shorter
time.
A t least 20 minutes for lunch shall be
allowed w h e n employees are required or permitted t o work more
tnan 1 hour overtime after 6 p . m .
I n " L a b o r L a w s of Minnesota," 1919. L a w s , 1909, ch.
499, p . 101 (issued b y the
department of labor and
industries, St. Paul, Minn.).
I b i d . , sec. 83, p . 8 6 6 .
T i m e for meals.
FOR MEALS, AND REST
Factory o r mercantile establishment,
custody, or management o f or operation of elevators. Exceptions: Commissioner of L a b o r m a y suspend
statute at hla discretion for continuous processes where the employees
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S2S
mont 1018-1020 to jVnnotfitod, Consolidated Laws
of JVew l r o r k " (ed. by
Birdsoye, Cumming, and
Gilbert), ch. 31, sec. 8-a,
p. 1031.
I n " A n n o t a t e d Consolidated N o woman shall be e m p l o y e d or permitted t o work
L a w of N o w Y o r k " 1918
* * * more than C days
(2d ed. b y Birdsoye, Cumin any ono week.
ming, and Gilbert), ch. 31.
sees. 77-78, p p . 4576 and
4578, and i n "Cumulative
Supplement 1918-1920 t o
Annotated
Consolidated
L a w s of N o w Y o r k " (ed.
b y Birdsoye, Cumming,
and Gilbert), ch. 31, sec.
77. p. laiG.
I n " A n n o t a t e d Consolidated
L a w s o f N e w Y o r k " 1918
(2d ed. b y Birdseve, Cumming, and Gilbert), ch. 31,
sec. 89, p. 4611.
I n " A n n o t a t e d Consolidated N o lemalo employee shall
Laws of N e w Y o r k " 1918
bo required, permitted,
(2d e d . b y Birdsoye, Gumor suffered to w o r k * * *
ming, and Gillxirt), ch. 31,
more than 6 days * * *
sec. 161, p p . 4651-4652, and
in any ono week.
i n "Cumulative Supplem e n t 1918-1920 to A n n o tated Consolidated Laws of
N o w Y o r k " (ed. b y Birdsoye, Cumming, and Gilbert). ch, 31, sec. 161, p.
1057.
I n " A n n o t a t e d Consolidated
Laws of N e w Y o r k " 1918
(2d e d . b y Birdsoye, Cumming, and Gilbert), ch. 31,
sec. 161, pp. 4651-4G52.
nro not permitted to work more than
8 hours per clay.
Factory (i. e., mill, workshop, manufacturing establishment, laundries).
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F
A t least CO minutes shall be allowed
for the noonday meal.
Exceptions: T h o commissioner of labor
m a y grant permission for a shorter
meal period.
A t least 20 minutes for lunch shall
bo allowed when employees are
required or permitted t o work
more than 1 hour overtime after
6 p. m .
Factory (i. e., mill, workshop, manufacturing establishment, laundries).
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Mercantile establishment.
Exceptions:
Writers or reporters in newspaper
offices m a y w o r k 7 days per week.
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Not less than 45 minutes shall bo
allowed for tho noonday meal.
Exceptions: Tho commissioner of
labor m a y grant permission for a
shorter meal period.
A t least 20 minutes for lunch shall
bo allowed between 5 p. m . and
7 p . m . where employees aro employed or permitted t o work after
7 p.m.
—
Mercantile establishment,
business
office, telegraph office, restaurant,
hotel, apartment house, theater or
other place of amusement, bowling
alley, barber shop, shoe-polishing
establishment, messenger for a telegraph or messenger company in the
distribution, transmission, or delivery of goods or messages.
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CHART VI.—LAWS PROVIDING FOR A DAY OF REST, ONE SHORTER WORKDAY, TIME FOR MEALS, AND REST
PERIODS FOR WOMEN WORKERS—Continued.
State and date of enactment.
N e w York. 1 0 0 9 , 1 9 1 0 , 1 9 1 3 ,
1914, 1915, 1917, 1918,
1919—Concluded.
I n " A n n o t a t e d Consolidated
Laws of Now Y o r k " 1918
(2d ed. b y Birdseye, Cumming, ana Gilbert), ch. 31,
SGO. 101, p. 4051.
D a y of rest or one shorter
workday.
Rest periods.
Occupations or industries specified.
ui
N o female shall bo employed)
permitted, or suffered to
to work * * * more than
0 days * * * i n any
one week.
I n "Cumulative Supplement N o w o m a n shall bo o m ployod or permitted to
1918-1920 to Annotated
work * * * more than
Consolidated Laws of New
6 days in any one woek.
Y o r k " (ed. b y Birdseye,
Cumming, and Gilbert),
ch. 31, sec. 101-C, pp. 10571058.
In " Cumulative Supplement
1918-1920 t o
Annotated
Consolidated Laws of N e w
Y o r k ' * (ed. b y Birdsoyo,
Gumming, and Gilbert),
ch. 31, sec. 101-d, p p . 10581059.
I n "Cumulative Supplement
1018-1920 t o
Annotated
Consolidated Laws of N e w
Y o r k " (ed. b y Birdseye,
Cumming, and Gilbert),
oh. 31, sec. 178, pp. 10041005.
T i m e for meals.
cO
°
N o female *
employed,
suffered to
more than
one week.
* * shall be
permitted, or
work * * *
6 days in any
N o woman shall bo employed or permitted to
work * * * more than
6 days in any one week.
N o t less than 45 minutes shall be
allowed for tho noonday meal.
Exceptions: Tho commissioner of
labor m a y grant permission for a
shorter meal poriod.
A t least 20 minutes for lunch shall
be allowed between 5 p. m . and
7 p. m . whero employees are employed or permitted to work after
7 p. m.
Not less than 45 minutes shall bo
»allowed for tho noonday meal.
Exceptions: T h o commissioner of
labor m a y grant permission for a
shorter meal period.
A t least 20 minutes for lunch shall
be allowed between 5 p . m . and
7 p . m . where employees are e m ployed or permitted to work after
7 p. m.
N o t less than 1 hour in any 1 day
shall bo allowed for meals. Exceptions: Tho commissioner of
labor m a y grant permission for a
shorter meal period (females).
Not less than 45 minutes shall bo
allowed for tho noonday meal.
Exceptions: Tho commissioner of
labor m a y grant permission for a
shorter meal period.
A t least 20 minutes for lunch shall
be allowed between 5 p. m . and
7 p. m . where employees are employed or permitted to work after
7 p . m.
Work in or in connection with restaurants in cities of the first and second
class. Exceptions: Singers and performers of any kind, attendants in
ladies* cloak rooms and parlors; employees in or in connection with the
kitchens of hotels, in connection with
"employees' " l u n c h rooms or restaurants.
Messenger for a telegraph or messenger
company in the distribution, transmission or delivery of goods or
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Conductor or guard on any street,
surface, electric, subway, or elevated
railroad.
3
Custody or management of or operation
of any elevator for freight or passengers in any building or place.
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X o r f i i J)«ko</i.
/ n "S^ss/mi
Dakota"
JOIf>, 1JI20. 1 No/omnlosfiall Iwomploj^tt |
of North
1919,ch. 170,p.314.
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tile establishment; laundry, hotel, or
restaurant, or telephono or telegraph
Minimum Wage Department
Order No. b, 1920.
N o woman shall bo employed for
more than 5 hours of continuous
labor without rest periods aggregating at least 45 minutes.
N o woman shall bo employed for
more than 5 hours of continuous
labor without a rest period of at
least 45 minutes.
No woman shall bo employed for
more than 5 hours of continuous
labor without a rest period of at
least 45 minutes.
N o woman shall bo employed for
more than G hours of continuous
labor without a rest period of at
least 45 minutes.
M i n i m u m Wage Department
Orders Nos. 6 and 9, 1920.
M i n i m u m Wage Department
Order N o . 7,1920.
N o wo man shall bo employed
more than 6 days in ono
calendar week.
Minimum Wage Department
Orders Nos. 8 and 11, 1920.
M i n i m u m Wage Department
Order N o . 10, 1920.
M i n i m u m Wage Department
Order N o . 12, 1920.
Ohio., 1 9 1 7 , 1 0 1 9 .
I n " General Code of Ohio,
Pago's Compact E d i t i o n / '
1921, V o l . I , sec. 100S, p p .
404-495.
Manufftot>irtng, mechanical, or mercan-
mora than « d a y s /
* In any ono week. I
Each w o m a n shall bo given
a 12-hour free period at
least onco a week.
N o w o m a n * * * shall
work more than 8 consecutive days without 1
dav off. Exceptions: Rural
telephono exchanges.
N o female shall he employed,
permitted, or sulTered t o
work m o r e than G days in
a n y ono w e e k .
N o woman shall bo employed for
more than 6 hours of continuous
labor between 7.30 a. m . and
8.30 p. m . without a rest period
of at least 45 minutes.
Females shall b e entitled t o not less
than 30 minutes for m e a l t i m e in
establishments wherelunch rooms
are p r o v i d e d a n d t o n o t l e s s t h a n 1
hour for m e a l t i m e in establishm e n t s where n o l u n c h rooms are
provided.
establishment or office, or any express or transportation company. Exceptions: Rural telephone exchanges
and in villages and towns of less than
500 population.
Public housekeeping occupation.
Personal-service occupation;
occupation.
laundry
Office occupation.
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Manufacturing occupation; mercantile
occupation.
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Student nurses.
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Telephone establishments.
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Factory, workshop, business office,
telephone or telegraph office, restaurant, bakery, millinery or dressmaking establishment, mercantile, or
other establishment.
Factory, workshop, telephono or telegraph office, millinery or dressmaking establishment, restaurant; the
distribution or transmission of messages i n or on anyinterurban or street
railway car or as ticket sellers or elevator operators or in a n y mercantile
establishment located in a n y city.
Exceptions: Canneries and establishments preparing for uso perishable
goods during tho canning season.
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CHART VI.—LAWS PROVIDING FOR A DAY OF REST, ONE SHORTER WORKDAY, TIME
PERIODS FOR WOMEN WORKERS—Continued.
State and date of enactment.
Day of rest or one shorter
workday.
Oregon. 1 9 1 8 , 1 9 1 9 .
Industrial Welfare Commission Order No. 36,1918.
Industrial Welfare Commission Orders, Nos. 37,38,39,
and 41,1919.
Industrial Welfare Commission Orders, Nos. 40 and 44,
1919.
N o person shall employ any
woman * * * for more
than 6 days in onocalendar
week.
No person shall employ any
woman * * * for more
than G days in one calendar week.
No person shall employ any
woman * * * for 7 consecutive days without allowing one day during
which thehours ofcmployment shall not exceed 0
hours.
Industrial Welfare Commis- No person shall employ any
woman * * * for more
sion Order, No. 42,1919.
than 6 days in onocalendar
week. Commission may
except exchanges omployingless than 10 operators.
Industrial Welfare Commis- No person shall employ any
sion, Order No. 43,1919.
woman for 14 consecutive
days without one full day
of rest.
N o person shall omploy any
woman * * * for 14
consecutive days without
http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Rest periods.
No woman shall be employed on
two successive days without an
interval of 9 hours' rest between
such days.
Industrial Welfare Commission Orders, Nos. 42,43, and
45,1919.
Industrial Welfaro Commission Orders, Nos. 42 and 43,
1919.
Time for meals.
FOR MEALS, AND REST
co
°
Occupations or industries specified.
All occupations.
No person shall employ any w o m - Mercantie loccupation, manufacturing
an * * * formoretnanGhours
occupation, laundry occupation.
of continuous labor without a
rest period of atlcast45 minutes.
No person shall employ any woman Personal-service occupation, office oc* * * for more than Onours of
cupation.
continuous labor between7 a. m.
and 8.30 p . m . without a rest period of at least 45 minutes.
No person shall employ any wom- Telephone or telegraph occupations,
an * * * for more than G
public housekeeping occupation.
hours of continuous labor between 7 a. m . and 8.30 p. m.
without a rest period of at least
45 minutes.
Telegraph occupation.
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Telephone occupation in the city of
Portland.
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Telephone occupation outside the city
of Portland.
Pennsylvania. 1013, 1015.
In
"CumulativoSupplcment
t o P u r d o n ' s Digest of tho
Statute L a w of Pennsylvan i a " 1905-1915, sees. 35-40,
p p . 0115-G1J6.
Porto Rico. 1 9 1 0 .
I n " S e s s i o n L a w s of P o r t o
R i c o " 2d sess., 1919, N o . 73,
p p . 490-497.
Washington.
1918,1920.
Industrial Welfare Commission Order, N o . IS, 1918.
Industrial Welfare Commission Order, N o . 21,1920.
Wisconsin. 1 9 1 3 .
In "Wisconsin
Statutes"
1919, sec. 172&-2, p p . 14201421.
|
ono flay of not marathurt O
[ hours'work.
Coram/.ssion
I m ay oxcoj > t oxc ha ng cs omploylag loss than 10 operators.
N o f o m a l o s h a l l bo employed
or permitted t o work for
more than 6 days in any
one week.
N o t less than 45 minutes shall be allowed t o overy female employed or
permitted t o work * * * for
the m i d d a y meal. Exceptions; If
females w o r k less than 8 hours per
d a y the m i d d a y m e a l t i m e m a y be
reduced to not less than 30 minutes.
N o femaleshallbeemployed or permitted to work more than Ghoui s
continuously withoutan interval
of at least 45 minutes. If females
work less than 8 hours per d a y ,
the interval between work periods m a y be reduced to n o t less
than 30 minutes.
T h e 1 d a y of holiday in 7 m a y
be subdivided into 2 days
of 12 hours each at t h e discretion of t h e industrial
board. (Females.)
A n y establishment. " T h e term 'establishment' when used in this act
shall mean a n y place within this
Commonwealth where work is done
for compensation of a n y sort t o
whomever p a y a b l e . "
Exceplions:
Nurses in hospitals, work in private
homes, farming, canning of fruit a n d
vegetable products.
Hotels, boarding houses, charitable,
educational, and religious institutions.
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T i m e allowed for meals shall bo not
less than 1 hour.
N o w o m a n shall work in each p e riod for more than 4 hours.
N o female shall bo employed on a
shift over 0 hours without a rest
period of 15 minutes.
N o female shall bo employed more
than 5 hours without a rest period of at least one-half hour.
This order shall be interpreted to mean a G-day
week. (Females.)
N o female shall be employed
m o r e than 0 days in a n y
one week.
N o female shall bo allowed less than
. 1 hour during each d a y or night for
dinner or other meals.
T h o lunch period for female workers
m a y be 45 minutes.
The meal period m a y bo 30 minutes
provided tho stretch of labor between meals does not exceed 5
hours.
A n y lucrative occupation.
A n y occupation, trade, or industry.
Public housekeeping industry.
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Placo of employment (i. e., manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishment; laundry, restaurant,
confectionary store, or telegraph or
telephone oflicc, or exchange, or any
express or transportation establishment).
I n cities of the first class, manufactories
which have convenient, adequately
equipped lunch rooms.
I n restaurants where employees eat on
premises.
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CHART VII.—NIGHT-WORK LAW'S FOR WOMEN WORKERS.
State a n d date of enactment.
California. 1 0 2 0 .
Industrial Welfare Commission Orders N o s . 7
a n d S, 1920.
Industrial Welfare Commission Order N o . 11,
1920.
Connecticut.
1917,1919.
I n " G e n e r a l Statutes of Connecticut." revision of 1918, see. 5303, p . MSG, a n d sec. 5306,
p . 1487, a n d in " S e s s i o n L a w s of Connectic u t / ' 1919, c h . 195, p . 2844.
Delaware. 1 9 1 3 , 1 0 1 7 .
I n " R e v i s e d Statutes of D e l a w a r e , " 1915, sec.
3135, p . 1457. a n d in " L a w s , " 1917, ch. 230,
pp. 741-742.
Indiana* 1 8 9 9 .
I n " B u r n ' s A n n o t a t e d I n d i a n a Statutes/*
1914, V o l . I l l , sec. 8023, p . 995.
Kansas. 1 9 1 7 , 1 9 1 8 , 1910.
Industrial Welfare Commission Order N o . 3a,
1917.
Industrial Welfare Commission Order, N o . 8,
1918.
Prohibition of
night work.
10p.m.toCa.m.
llp.m.to6a.m.
10 p . m . t o 6 a . m .
I f a n y part of a female's work is performed between 11 p . m . and 7 a . m . not more than 8
hours of work in a n y 24 are permitted.
10p.m.toGa.m.
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Dried fruit industry.
H
§
Public restaurant, catf, dining room, barber shop, hairdressing or manicuring establishment, photograph gallery, a n y manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishment. Exceptions: Hotels. I n tho event of war or
other serious emergency governor m a y suspend limitations where ho deems Unnecessary.
t>
Mechanical or manufacturing establishment, laundry, baking or printing establishment office or dressmaking establishment. Exceptions: Canning or preserving, orpreparation for canning or preserving of perishable fruits and
vegetables.
Mercantile establishments, telephone a n d telegraph office
or exchange, restaurant, hotel, place of amusement.
Mercantile establishments.
If a n y part of a female's work is performed after
12 midnight, n o t m o r e than 8 hours of work in
a n y 24 hours or 48 hours in a n y 6-day week are
permitted, or m o r e than 7 hours of work in a n y
24 hours or 48 hours i n a n y 7-day week arc permitted.
M a x i m u m hours shall not exceed 12 for total
w o r k time, plus rest, time a n d plus time of ail
operators regularly employed after 10.30 p . m .
tfl
Manufacturing industry. Exceptions: I n continuous processes under a permission from tho industrial commission.
Manufacturing.
After 9 p . m
9 p . m . to 6 a. m,
Occupations or industries specified.
L a u n d r y and d r y cleaning industry.
I n continuous processes whore a permission to
work a t night is granted b y the industrial c o m mission, time and o n o h a l f m u s t b e paid.
lOp.m.toGa.m
Industrial "Welfare Commission Order N o . 9,
1918.
Industrial Welfare Commission Order N o . 10,
1919.
Maryland.
1912,1010.
In "Annotated Code of the Public General
Laws ol Maryland," 1918 (ed. by George P.
http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/
Bagby), Vol. I V , Art.C, sec. 51, pp. 747-748.
Limitation of night work.
00
P u b l i c housekeeping establishment.
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Telephone operators.
Manufacturing establishment
If a n y part of a female's work is performed before Manufacturing, mechanical, mercantile, printing, baking,
G a . m . or after 10 p . m . , not more than 8 hours'
or laundering establishment. Erections: Canning, prew o r k in a n y o n e d a y arc i>ermitted.
serving, or preparing for canning or preserving of perishable fruits and vegetables.
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J/j " Scsxion Jwj tvs of AI assacJi 11 so 11 sf" 1009,
St t, see..11, p. 7/0.
lOl/S, 1010.
In "Session Lows o/Nebraska,"1919, ch. 100,
Title I V , Art. II, sec. 5, p . 547.
JTebrostau
1013,
ch. / lOp.m.tofln. m.l
/ 0p.m.to(3a.m.
/
f 10p.m. toOo.m.l.
'
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New Hampshire. 19.17.
I n "Session L a w s of N o w H a m p s h i r e . " 1917,
ch. 196, p . 750.
If any female works at a n y time between t h e
hours of 8 p . m . and 6 a. m . on more than 2
nights per week, n o t m o r e than 8 hours of
work aro permitted in a n y 24 hours or more
than 48 hours of w o r k in any w e e k .
New York. 1909, 1910, 1 9 1 3 , 1 9 1 4 , 1 9 1 5 ,
1917,1918,1919.
I n " A n n o t a t e d Consolidated L a w s of N e w 10 p . m . to 6 a . m .
Y o r k , " 1918 (2d ed., b y Birdscye, C u m ming, and Gilbert), ch. 30, sec. 93-b, p . 4616.
In " A n n o t a t e d Consolidated L a w s of N e w 10 p . m . to 7 a . m .
Y o r k . " 1918 (2d ed., b y Birdseye, Cumming,
a n d Gilbert), ch. 31, sec. 161, p p . 4Gol-4G52,
and i n " C u m u l a t i v n Supplement," 19181920; Annotated Consolidated L a w s of N e w
Y o r k " (ed., b y Birdseye, Cumming, a n d
Gilbert), ch. 31, sec. 161, p . 1057.
In " A n n o t a t e d Consolidated L a w s of N e w 10 p . m . t o 6 a . m .
Y o r k . " 1918 (2d e d . , b y Birdseye, Cumming,
and Gilbert), ch. 31, sec. 161, p . 4651.
I n " C u m u l a t i v e Supplement, 1918-1920, A n - 10 p . m - t o 7 a . m .
notated Consolidated L a w s of N e w Y o r k "
(ed., b y Birdseye, Cumming, a n d Gilbert),
Ch. 31, sec. 161-C, p p . 1057-1058.
I n " C u m u l a t i v e Supplement, 1918-1920, A n - 10 p . m . to 6 a . m .
notated Consolidated L a w s of New Y o r k "
(ed., b y Birdseye, Cumming, and Gilbert),
ch. 31, sec. 161-d, p p . 1058-1059.
I n " C u m u l a t i v e Supplement, 1918-1920, A n - 10 p. m . t o 7 a. m,
notated Consolidated L a w s of N e w Y o r k "
(ed. t b y Birdseye, Cumming, and Gilbert),
ch. 31, sec. 176, p . 10G4, and sec. 181,p. 1065.
Ohio. 1919.
I n " General Code of Ohio, Pago's Compact
E d i t i o n , " 1921, V o l . I , sec. 1008-1, p . 495.
10 p . m . to 6 a . m .
Manufacturing.
Manufacture of textile goods.
Manufacturing-mechanical, or mercantile establishments
laundry, hotel, or restaurant, ollico in metropolitan cities
and cities of tho first class. Exceptions: Public service
corporation.
Manual or mechanical labor in a n y employment.
Exceptions: Household labor and nurses, domestic, hotel, and
boarding house labor, operators in telephone and telegraph offices, and farm labor, manufacture of munitions
and supplies for the United States or the State during
war time, mercantile establishments o n tho 7 days preceding Christmas, provided annual weekly average does
n o t exceed 54 hours per week.
Factory ( i . e . , mill work shop, manufacturing establishment, laundry).
Mercantile establishment. Exceptions: D e c . 18 t o 24, 2
days annually for stock taking, writers or reporters in
newspaper offices.
W o r k in or i n connection with restaurants i n cities of the
first and sccond class. Exceptions: Singers and performers of any kind, attendants in ladies' cloak rooms and parlors, employees in or m connection with the dining rooms
and kitchens of hotels or i n connection with employees,
lunch rooms or restaurants.
Messenger for a telegraph or messenger c o m p a n y , in the
distribution, transmission, or delivery of goods or m e s sages.
Conductor or guard o n any street surface,electric,subway
or elevated railroad.
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Custody, management of or operation of elevator for freight
or passengers in any building or place. Exceptions: I f the
industry occupying tho building starts work at 0 a. m .
tho elevator operator m a y begin work at that hour.
Ticket seller.
CO
CHART VII.—NIGHT-WORK LAWS FOR WOMEN WORKERS—Concluded.
State and d a t e of enactment.
Prohibition of
night work.
Limitation of night work.
Occupations or industries specified.
Oregon. 1010.
Industrial Welfare Commission Order N o . 3 7 , i A f t e r 6 p . m
1
1919.
|
IndustrialWelfaroCommission Order N o . 38,' After 8 . 3 0 p . m . .
!
1919.
Industrial Welfare Commission Oders Nos. 39 After 8.30 p . m . .
and 41,1919.
Industrial Welfare Commission Order N o . 45
11p.m. to7a.m.
1919.
Pennsylvania.
1913,1915.
I n " C u m u l a t i v e Supplement to P u r d o n ' s D i - 1 0 p . r n . t o 0 a . m .
gest of t h e Statute L a w of Pennsylvania,"
1905-1915, sees. 35-46, p p . 0115-6116.
Porto Rico. 1 9 1 9 .
I n " S o s s i o n L a w s of P o r t o R i c o , " 2d sess., 10 p . m . t o 6 a . m .
1919, N o . 73, p p . 490-500.
S o u t h Carolina. 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 4 .
I n " S e s s i o n L a w s of South Carolina," 1914. After 10 p . m . .
No., 202, p . 481.
Wisconsin.i 1 9 1 7 .
Industrial Commission Orders Nos. 1 and 2, O p . m . t o G a . m
1917.
If any work is performed between G p . m . and 0
Industrial Commission Order N o . 3,1917
a. m . , i t shall be limited to 8 hours per night,
48 hours per week.
1
I Mercantile occupation in Portland. Exceptions: Cigar
1
stands in hotels, confectionery stores.
Mercantile occupation outside of Portland.
Exceptions:
Cigar stands in hotels, confectionery stores.
Manufacturnig occupation and laundry occupation. Exceptions: Fruit and vegetable drying, canning, preserving, and packing establishment.
Elevator operators.
Manufacturing establishment. Exceptions: Managers, superintendents, or persons doing clerical or stenographic
work.
A n y lucrative occupation. Exceptions: Telephone operators or telegraphers, artists, nurses, domestics, over 16
years of age.
Mercantile establishments.
Manufactories and laundries.
Exceptions:
Pea canneries.
Mechanical or mercantile establishment, restaurant, confectionery store, telegraph or telephone, express or transportation.
Wisconsin has an industrial commission order prohibiting night w o r k for w o m e n o n street railways, b u t n o w o m e n are e m p l o y e d in such a capacity in Wisconsin.
OJXAJIT
VIII.
I I O M K - W O RJV
WS
IN
TIII5
UNITED
STATES.
PART A . - - L A W S PROHIBITING HOME W O R K .
State and date of enactment.
Illinois. 1 8 0 3 .
I n " R e v i s e d Statutes of
t h o State o f I l l i n o i s "
1919, c h . 48, sees. 21-28,
p p . 1421-1422.
Indiana. 1 8 0 9 .
I n " B u r n ' s Annotated
Indiana
Statutes"
1914, sees. 8034-8035,
p p . 999-1000.
Maryland. 1 8 9 4 ,
1896,
1902,1904, 1914.
I n " T h e Annotated Code
of tho Public General
Laws of Maryland"
1918 (ed. b y George P .
B a g b y ) , art. 27, v o l . 3,
sees. 268-275, p p . 396401.
Massachusetts.
1909.
I n "Session Laws of Massachusetts" 1909, c h .
514, sees. 106-111, p p .
757-759.
Mandatory clause.
N o r o o m o r rooms *
shall be used * *
Places covered b y law.
Occupations or industries covered b y law.
R o o m or rooms, apartment
or apartments in any tenement o r dwelling house
used for eating or sleeping
purposes.
Manufacture, in w h o l e or i a p a r t , of coats,
vests, trousers, knee pants, overalls,
elbaks, shirts, ladies' waists, purses,
feathers, artificial flowers, cigars * * *
m a d e , altered, repaired, cleaned, sorted,
o r finished, i n w h o l e or i n part, for sale
or for wages.
Immediate
therein.
Exceptions.
members
of family
living
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N o r o o m or rooms * *
shall b e used * * *.
R o o m or rooms, apartment
or apartments in a n y tenement or dwelling house.
Manufacture of coats, vests, trousers, knee
p a n t s , overalls, cloaks, furs, fur trimmings, f u r garments, shirts, purses,
feathers, artificial flowers, or cigars for
sale.
Immediate
therein.
No
R o o m or apartment in a n y
tenement
or dwelling
house, or p£ttt of any tenement or dwelling house.
Manufacture, in whole or in part, altering,
repairing, o r finishing of any articles
whatsoever.
Immediate members of family living
therein, i . e., husband, wife, their children, or t h o children of either.
Tailor or seamstress employed b y family
on articles for family.
Articles for exclusive use of person occupying house.
W o r k s h o p on main or ground floor n o t used
for cooking or sleeping purposes and
having a separate entrance and which is
entirely separate tcom tho rest of the
building.
A
r o o m o r apartment
* * shall b e used
room
or apartment
* * * shall n o t b e vised
for the purpose of making
A r o o m or apartment in a Making, altering, repairing, or finishing
tenement
or dwelling
therein, coats, vests, trousers, or wearhouse.
, ing apparel of any description.
W
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members
of family
living
Members o f family d weEing therein.
R o o m or apartment in a tenement or dwelling nouso, not used for living or sleeping
purposes, having a separate entrance
and not connected with any r o o m used
for such purposes.
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CHART VIII.—HOME-WORK LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES—Continued.
£
P A R T A — L A W S PROHIBITING HOME WORK-Coneluded.
State and date of enactment.
Mandatory clause.
Places covered b y law.
Michigan* 1 8 9 9 ,
1901,
1907, 1909,
In "Compiled Laws of
tho State of Michigan"
,1915, vol. 2, ch. 100,
SCC. 5343, pp. 2032-2033.
None of tho work mentioned
in this section shall bo
done in any room or apartment * * *.
A n y room or apartment
used for living or sleeping
purposes or which is connected with r o o m o r
rooms used for such purposes, and which has not
a separato and distinct
outside entrance.
Missouri* 1 8 9 9 , 1 9 0 9 .
In " Revised Statutes of
Missouri" 1909, vol. 2,
art. 7, sees. 7853,7855,
p p . 2474-2475.
New Y o r k . 1 9 0 9 , 1 9 1 3 .
In " A n n o t a t e d Consolidated Laws of New
Y o r k " 1918 (2d od. b y
Birdseye,
Cumming,
and Gilbort), vol. 4,
ch. 31, art.7, sees. 100106, p p . 4620-462G.
Occupations or industries covered b y law.
Exceptions.
Manufacture of coats, vests, trousers, knee Seamstress manufacturing
pants, overalls, skirts, dresses, cloaks,
family use.
hats, caps, suspenders, jerseys, blouses,,
waists, waist bands, underwear, neckwear, furs, fur trimmings, fur garments,
shirts, hosiery, purses, feathers, artificial flowers, cigars, cigarettes, * * *,
or making of theso articles in whole or
in part.
articles
for
room or apartment
* * shall bo used
R o o m or apartmont in any
t e n e m e n t or dwelling
house.
$
Manufacture of wearing apparel, purses,
feathers, artificial flowers, or other goods
for male or female wear.
Members of family dwelling therein and
three additional persons.
N o article shall bo manufactured * * *.
A n y room or apartmont o f
a tenement house.
A n y article manufactured, altered, repaired, or finished.
N o article of food * * *
shall
be manufactured
* *
Tenement house, in any
portion of an apartment,
any part of which is used,
for living purposes.
In a part of a cellar or basement of a tenement house
more than one-half of its
height below tho level of
the curb.
Food, dolls, or dolls' clothing, articic of
children's or infants' wearing apparel,
manufactured, altered, repaired, finished, in whole or in part.
Articles manufactured, altered, repaired,
finished.
Immediate members of family living
therein.
Dressmakers who deal solely in the custom
trado direct to the consumer and whose
shops aro on tho ground or second floor,
and who have a permit issued b y tho
commissioners of labor ccrtifyin g that tho
premises aro well lighted, well ventifated, and sanitary, and that there is
1,000 cubic feet of air space for each
person employed therein.
Bakeries for wliich certificate of exemption
is issued.
No
*
*
*
No articles shall be manufactured * * *.
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In "Ganaral
Codo „ .
Ohio, logo's Compact
Edition"
1920,
1020-1021, p. 497.
Pennsylvania.
1005.
shall
Z>wclling or building or
room or apartment thereof in or connected with a
tenement, dwelling, or
other building.
Carrying on any procoss of making wearing opparol or goods for wear, nso, or
adornment, manufacturing cigars, clga*rettcs or tobacco goods In any form.
18 0 5 ,
I n " S t e w a r t ' s Purdon's
Digest o f t h e Statute
L a w of P e n n s y l v a n i a "
1700-1003, sees. 52-56,
p p . 1606-1607, and i n
"Supplement t o Purd o n ' s Digest of thfc
Statute L a w of Pennsylvania"
1905-1915,
sees. 70-72, p . 6123.
Tennessee. 1 9 1 5 .
I n " T h o m p s o n ' s Shannon's Tennessee C o d e "
1918, sees. 4342a-594342a-65, p p . 1865-1306.
Manufacture of coats, vests, trousers, knee
)ants, overalls, slarts, dresses, cloaks,
lats, caps, suspenders, jerseys, blouses,
waists, waist bands, underwear, n c c k wear, furs, fur trimmings, f u r garments,
shirts, hosiery, purses, feathers, artificial flowers, cigars, o r cigarettes, or
making i n whole or i n part o f theso
articles.
N o person, firm, or corpora- A n y r o o m or apartment in Manufacture of coats,vests, trousers, knee
pants, overalls, skirts, dresses, cloaks,
tion shall hire or e m p l o y
any rear building or buildhats, caps, suspenders, jerseys, blouses,
a n y person
ing in tho rear of a tenewaists, waist bands, underwear, n c c k ment or dwelling house.
wcar,furs, f u r trimmings, fur garments,
shirts, hosiery, purses, feathers, artificial flowers, cigars, or cigarettes, o r
making i n whole or in part of these
articles.
N o person, firm, or corpora- Kitchen, living room, or Manufacture, o r partial manufacture of
bedroom in any tenement
tion engagod in t h e manuclothing o r other wearing apparel,
house or dwelling house.
facture or sale of clothing
cigars, cigarettes.
# * # shall bargain or
contract with any person
* * * for tho manufacture * * * .
N o r o o m o r apartment i n R o o m or apartment in a n y
a n y tenement o r dwelling
t e n o m e n t or dwelling
house * * * shall b o
house.
used * * * f o r t h o
manufacture * * *.
N o r o o m or rooms * * *
shall b o used for tho manufacture for sale * * * .
R o o m or rooms, apartment
or apartments in any tenement or dwelling house
used for eating o r sleeping purposes.
{
Manufacture for sale, in whole or in part,
of coats, vests, trousers, knee pants,'
overalls, cloaks, shirts, ladies' waists,
purses, feathers, artificial flowers, cigars,
all wearing apparel.
Immediate
mombers
of
family-
living
tlioroin.
Room or apartment having no window or
door or otlior opening into a living or
sleeping room of a tenement or dwelling,
and having a separate entrance, and not
in use for living or sleeping purposes, and
sufficiently lighted, heated, and ventilated.
Immediate
therein.
members
of family
in
£
living
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Resident members of family, i. c . , parents
and their children or the children of
either.
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Immcdiato
therein.
members
of family
living
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CHART VIII.—HOME-WOBK LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES—Continued.
P A R T B.—LAWS REGULATING HOME
State a n d date of
enactment.
Connecticut.
1902,
1009,1915.
In " G e n e r a l Statu t e s of Connectic u t , " 1918, sees.
2355-2358, p . 729.
Illinois. 1 8 9 3 .
I n " R e v i s e d Statutes of tho State of
I l l i n o i s / ' 1919, ch.
48, sees. 21-28, p p .
1421-1422.
Indiana. 1 8 9 9 .
In " B u r n ' s Annotated Indiana Statu t e s , " 1914, sees.
8031-8035, p p . 9991000.
Maryland.
1890,
1902,
191 4.
Persons whose
work is controlled
b y law.
rf*
WORK.
Places covered b y
law.
Occupations or industries
covered b y law.
A l l buildings, apartm e n t s , rooms, and
places i n a n y tenem e n t o r dwelling
h o u s e used for residential purposes.
Manufacture of artificial
flowers, purses, cigars,
cigarettes, or a n y articles
of wearing apparel int e n d e d for sale.
Others than tho
immediate
members of tho
family.
Persons engaged in such work to n o t i f y factory
inspector within 30 days after the time of commencing work. W o r k to be done i n clean,
sanitary rooms properly lighted and ventilated.
R o o m or rooms, apartm e n t or apartments
i n any tenement or
dwelhng house used
for eating or sleepi n g purposes.
H o u s e , room, or place.
Manufacture, i n whole or in
part, of coats, vests, trousers, knee p a n t s , overalls,
cloaks,
shirts,
ladies'
waists, purses, feathers,
artificial flowers, cigars, or
any wearing apparel of
any
kind
whatsoever.
A n y process of making,
altering or finishing, cleaning', sorting, in w h o l e or in
part for sale or for wages.
Immediate m e m bers of family
living therein.
Persons so occupied or having control of such
workshop t o n o t i f y board of health within 14
days after tho t i m e of commencing work.
H o u r s of work for females and list of children
e m p l o y e d , w i t h their ages, t o b e posted.
Premises t o be kept i n a cleanly state t free from
a n y matter of infectious or contagious nature.
A l l articles made are subject t o inspection and
examination.
E m p l o y e r to keep list of all workshops in his
employ.
O n e r o o m or rooms,
apartment or apart* monts in any tenem e n t or dwelling
house, or building in
t h o rear of a tenem e n t or dwelling
house.
Making, in w h o l o or in part,
any vests, coats, trousers,
knee pants, f u r , fur trimmings,
shirts,
purses,
feathers, artificial flowers,
or cigars for sale.
Immediate m e m bers of f a m i l y
living therein.
Person, firm2 or corporation hiring w o r k done t o
obtain written permit from chief inspector
w h o investigates before granting permit.
Premises to be adequately ventilated.
Permit states m a x i m u m n u m b e r of persons w h o
m a y b e e m p l o y e d , providing for n o t less than
250 c u b i c feet o f air space per person between
t h e h o u r s of 6 a . m . a n d G p . m . , a n d for not less
than 400 c u b i c feet of air space per person between t h o h o u r s of 6 p . m . and G a. m . Chief
inspector m a y m o d i f y latter provision allowing
250 c u b i c feet of air space per person if electricity is used for lighting.
Permit m a y be revoked at any time if health of
c o m m u n i t y or of those employed therein
require it.
Permit t o b e posted.
Requirements which must be met before home
work is permitted.
Exceptions.
Ui
1894,
1004,
I n "TVie Annotated ' A room or apartment 1 Manufacturing In whole or
Immediate mem-
License to bo obtained by persons desiring to do
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Articles for tho exclu^ivo
fTtwto n fttooPiihlio
OonortW t*awn of
Maryland,"
101H
(od. by George P.
Bag by),
vol. 3,
art. 27, sees. 268275, p p . 396-401,
Massac h setts,
1909.
I n " S e s s i o n L a w s of
Massachusetts,"
1909, ch. 514, sees.
106-111, p p . 757759.
Ml chie an.
1899,
1901,1907,1909.
I n " C o m p i l e d Laws
of the State of
Michigan,"
1915,
v o l . 2, ch. 100, sec.
6343, p p . 2032-2033.
fioiisp, part
o/ nny tonomont or
dwelling liouso.
A r o o m or apartment
in a tenement or
dwelling house.
R o o m or apartment in
any tenement or
dwelling
house,
building, or parts of
building.
In p » r ( , nKnrfii);,, rnpnJr- /
injr, or fin fulling tJmrtiin f
nny articles whatsoever. f
Making, altering, repairing,
or finishing coats, vests,
trousers, or wearing apparel of any description.
Manufacture of coats, vests,
trousers, kneo pants, overalls, skirts, dresses, cloaks,
hats, caps, suspenders, jerseys, blouses, waists, waistbands, underwear, neckwear, furs, fur trimming,
fur garments, shirts, hosiery, purses, feathers, artificial flowers, cigars, cigatottes, or making of these
articles in whole or in part.
tiOM of ffltitlly
Iiomn work from cTifof or bnronti omtntlnMni,
wfio t-ousiilts rocords offocnJ Mojiltli utitfiorl
living
tfiorofn
arid If promfsns tiro reported satisfactory has
(husband, wife,
premlsqsrolnspocted
to verify report.
tholrchildren or
tho children of Ucensestatos maximum number of persons who
may be omployed, providing for not less than
either).
500 cubic foot of air space per person.
Premises t o be inspected every six months.
Premises to bo free from infectious, contagious,
or communicable disease, and from all insanitary conditions.
Permit m a y be revoked at any time if health of
c o m m u n i t y or of those employed therein
roquireit.
E m p l o y e r giving o u t w o r k t o keep register of
persons e m p l o y e d on h o m e work and t o bo sure
that such h o m e workers are licensed.
Ji iw> of p o n o n oooupymg
Employment of tailor or
seamstress by person or
family to do work for
such person or family.
Workshop on main or
ground floor of any tenement or dwelling house
not used for cooking or
sleeping purposes and
having separate entranco
and which is entirely
separate from the rest of
the building.
License to b e obtained b y persons desiring t o d o
h o m o w o r k f r o m State inspector of health.
Premises subject to inspection b y State inspector
of health.
Premises to bo in cleanly condition, free from
vermin and all infectious and contagious
matter.
E m p l o y e r giving out work t o keep register of
persons e m p l o y e d on h o m o work and t o forward such requests monthly t o State board of
health and t o b e sure that such h o m e workers
aro licensed.
License t o b o posted.
R o o m or apartment in a
tenement or dwelling
house not used for living
or sleeping purposes h a v ing a separate entranco
and not connected w i t h
any r o o m used for such
purposes.
Tailor or seamstress m a k ing articles for family
wear.
Family dwelling
therein.
Tfi
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I
Written permit, t o be obtained b y persons de- Seamstress manufacturing
siring to d o home work from factory inspector,
articles for family use.
w h o investigates before granting permit.
Permit states m a x i m u m number of persons w h o
m a y be employed ? providing for not less than
250 cubic feet of air space per person.
Permit m a y be revoked at any time if health of
c o m m u n i t y or of those employed therein require it.
Factory inspector to prescribe amount of light,
heat, and verftilation.
Premisos t o be clean, sanitary, fit for occupancy,
and free from contagious and infectious diseases.
Employer giving out work to keep register of persons employed on homo work and to bo sure
that sucn home workers aro licensed.
Permit to bo posted.
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CHART VIII.—HOME-WORK LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES-Continued.
<J>
P A R T B.—LAWS R E G U L A T I N G HOME WORK—Continued.
State and date of
enactment.
Places covered b y
law.
Occupations or industries
covered by law.
Missouri. 1 8 9 9 , 1 9 0 9 .
In "Revised Stat- Room or apartment in Manufacture of wearing apany tenement or
utes of Missouri,"
parel, purses, feathers, ardwelling house.
1909, vol. 2, art. 7,
tificial flowers or other
sees. 7853-7855, pp.
goods for male or female
2474-2475.
wear.
New Jersey. 1917.
In "Session Laws of Room or rooms, apart- Manufacturing, altering, rement, or apartments
pairing, or finishing for
New Jersey," 1917,
in any tenoment or
Ch. 176, pp. 159-522.
wages or for sale any artidwelling house.
cles whatsoever.
Building situated in
the rear of any apartment or dwelling
house.
New
York.
1909,
1913.
In "Annotated Con- Tenement. house or
solidated Laws of
any part thereof.
New York " 1918 Any room or apartf2ded.by Birdseye,
ment of a tenement
Cumming, and
house.
Gilbert), vol. 4, ch.
http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Manufacturing, altering repairing, or finishing of any
articles whatsoever.
Persons whose
work is controlled
by law.
Requirements wliich must be met before home
work is permitted.
Exceptions.
W
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Members of family
dwelling therein
and three additional persons.
Premises to be in clean and healthy condition.
Employer giving out work to keep register of
persons employed on home work.
Written permit to bo obtained b y persons desir- Tailor, seamstress, women's exchanges not oring to do home work or by employer desiring
ganized for profit.
to give out home work from commissioner of
labor, who investigates premises for which permit is requested before granting permit.
Permit to last not longer than six months.
Permit states maximum number of persons who
may be employed therein, providing for not
less than 250 cubic feet of air space per person
between the hours of 6 a. m. and 6 p . m . and for
not less than 400 cubic feet of airspace per person between the hours of 6 p. m. and 6 a. m.,
but tho commissioner of labor may modify the
latter provision.
Permit may be revoked at any time if health of
the community or of those employed therein
require it.
Premises to be properly lighted, in clean and
healthful condition, free from vermin and every
matter of infectious and contagious nature.
Employer to be sure that all home workers in his
employ have a license.
Permit to be posted.
Immediate members of family
living therein.
License to bo obtained by owner of tenement
where persons desire to do homo work from
commissioner of labor, who acts upon favorable
report b y local board of health and verification
of this report by his own office.
Premises to be inspected every six months, to be
Articles for solo use of occupant or his family.
Collars, culls, shirts, or
shirt waists made of cotton or linen and laundered before selling.
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100, pp. 4G2&-W2H.
won ItRtifeifl mirl vontilnlfKl nrnt ullow ."KM I oiiljlo
rmit of ufr s j w c o pnr worJc«r, to ho In clouri,
healthful, ami sanitary condition, to bo ireo
f r o m infectious, contagious* or communicable
diseases, and .from vermin.
Permit may bo revoked at any time if health of
community or of thoso employed therein may
requiro it or if children under 14 years of age
are employed therein.
Employer giving out work to obtain permit from
commissioner of labor and to keep a register of
persons employed on home work and to be sure
that such home workers are licensed.
Pennsylvania. 1895,
1897, 1901, 1905,
1915.
In "Stewart's Pur- No room or apartment
don's Digest of the
in any tenement or
Statute L a w of dwelling house.
Pennsylvania,"
1700-1903, sees. 5265, pp. 1606-1608,
and i n "Supplement to Puruon's
Digest of the Statute Law of Pennsylvania," 19051915, sees. 70-72, p.
6123, and sec. 350,
p. 6816.
Manufacture of coats, vests, Immediate members of family
trousers, knee pants, overliving therein.
alls, skirts, dresses, cloaks,
hats, caps, suspenders, jerseys, blouses, waists, waistbands, underwear, neckwear, furs, fur trimmings,
fur garments, shirts, hosiery, purses, feathers, artificial flowers, cigars, or
cigarettes, or making in
whole or in part of these
articles.
Permit to be obtained by persons desiring to give
out home work from factory inspector who investigates premises where work is to be done
before granting it.
Permit to state maximum number of persons
who may bo employed therein providing for
not less than 250 cubic feet of air space per
person.
Permit may be revoked at any time if health of
community or of those employed therein require it.
Premises to be clean, sanitary, fit for occupancy.
Employer giving out work to keep register of
persons employed on home work and so be sure
that such homo workers are licensed.
Permit to be posted.
nrmsmitkctrs
who
<lonl
solnly In ttio custom trucJo
direct t o the consumer
and whose shops are on
tho ground or second
floor, and who have a permit issued by tho commissioner of labor certifying that the premises
are well lighted, well
ventilated, and sanitary
and that there is 1,00q
cubic feet of air space for
each person employed
therein.
Rooms on main or ground
floor having separate entrance unconnected with
living rooms not used for
cooking or sleeping purposes.
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CHART VIII.—HOME-WORK LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES—Concluded.
00
P A R T B.—LAWS R E G U L A T I N G HOME WORK—Concluded.
State and date of
enactment.
Places covered b y
law.
Occupations or industries
covered b y law.
Persons whose
work is controlled
b y law.
Requirements which must be met before home
work is permitted.
Exceptions.
W
Pennsylvania. 1895,
1897, 1901, J 9 0 5 ,
1916—Concluded.
Tennessee. 1916*
In " T h o m p s o n ' s
>H
Room or apartment in Manufacture of coats, vests,
trousers, knee pants, overany tenement or
alls t skirts, drosses, cloaks,
dwelling 1 IOUSO or
hats, caps, suspenders, jerany build i n g or
seys,
blouses,
waists,
parts of buildings.
waistbands,
underwear,
neckwear, furs, fur trimmings,
fur
garments,
shirts, hosiery, purses,
feathers, artificial flowers,
cigarettes or cigars—or
making in whole or in part
of these articles.
Permit to be obtained by persons desiring to give
out home work from factory inspector who investigates premises where work is to be done
before granting itPermit to state maximum number of persons
who may bo employed therein, providing for
not less then 250 cubic feet of air space per
person.
Permit may bo revoked at any time if health of
community or of those employed therein
require it.
Premises to be clean, sanitary, fit for occupancy,
adequately ventilated, and provided with fire
escapes.
Employer giving out work to keep register of
persons employed on home work and so be sure
that such home workers are licensed.
Permit to be posted.
Resident members Certificates to be obtained b y persons desiring to
do home work from board of health.
of family—i. e.,
parents
a n d Premises to be free from infectious or contagious
their children or
diseases.
the children of Permit may be revoked at any time if health of
community or of those employed therein
eithor.
require it.
Permit to bo obtained by persons desiring to do
home work from board of health.
Permit to last one year.
Processes of work not to be hazardous to health
or to create dust, foul odors, or undue noise.
Promises to allow 400 cubic feet of air space per
person.
Kitchen, living room,
or bedroom in any
tenement or dwelling house.
Manufacture of clothing,
wearing apparel, eigarsj
cigarettes, or the partial
manufacture of these articles.
Room or rooms in any
house, rooming
house, or tenement.
Manufacturing purposes..
Room or rooms, apart-
Manufacture for sale, in Immediate mem- Persons engaged in such work to notify board of
health within 14 days of the time of commencwhole or in part, of coats,
bers of family 1
vests, trousors, knee pants,
living therein.
ing work.
ment or apartments
Shannon's Tennes
in any tenement or
seoCodo" 1918, sees.
Seamstress, manufacturing
articles for use of family
living therein.
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iiouso i/sotf
for tinting or sleeping
purposes.
r
ovorol/s, clottks,
slilr/s,
iarJf&s* wafsts,
pursas,
feathers, artificial flowers,
cigars, all wearing apparel.
Workshop—i. o., place where
goods or products nro manufactured,
repaired,
cleaned, sorted, in wholo
or in part, for sale or for
Wisconsin,
1899,
1901, 1900, 1907,
1911.
I n " W i s c o n s i n Statu t e s " 1919, Vol. I ,
sees. 1636-71-163677, p p . 1309-1311.
i Pramlsos to i>e kopt tn n clcniily Htiif.o, froo from
alt matters of Infectious or contagious nature,
and free from vermin.
Articles manufactured to be inspoctod.
Employor giving out work to keep register of porsons employed on homo work.
3
>
R o o m or apartment in
a n y tenement
or
dwelling house, or
building situated in
the rear of any tenement or dwelling
house.
Manufacturing, altering, repairing, or finishing for
wages or for sale, coats,
vests, knee pants, trousers,
overalls, cloaks, hats, caps,
suspenders,
jerseys,
blouses, drosses, waists,
waist bands, underwear,
neckwear, knit goods of all
kinds; furs, fur trimmings,
fur garments, skirts, shirts,
purses, feathers, cigars,
cigarettes, umbrellas.
License t o be obtained .by persons desiring to d o Tailor, seamstress, for m a k homo work from the industrial commission
ing any article of wearing
which investigates before granting it.
apparel for family use.
License to state m a x i m u m number of persons
w h o may bo employed therein, providing for :
not less than 250 cubic feet of air space per person between tho hours of 6 a. m . and 6 p . m .
and for not less than 400 cubic feet of air space
per person between the hours of 6 p . m . and
6 a. m . , but this latter provision m a y be m o d i fied b y a special permit if the building has
suitable lighting.
License m a y be revoked at any time if health of
c o m m u n i t y or of those employed therein require it.
Premises t o bo in a clean and proper sanitary
condition, free from vermin and all matter of
infectious and contagious nature; t o be heated
properly, provided with toilets, and suitable
light and ventilation at all times.
License to be posted.
Employer giving out work to keep register of
persons employed on home work and to be
sure that such home workers are licensed.
Industrial commission m a y require that rooms
used for manufacturing have no door, window,
or other opening into rooms used for living or
sleeping purposes, and that they contain n o
bed, bedding, or cooking utensils, and have
ah outside entrance.
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CHART IX.—MINIMUM WAGE LEGISLATION IN THE UNITED STATES—Contn
iued.
Awards issued under minimum wage laws.
Administration of minimum wage laws.
i;
Si^a^itbt* ofttiactment.
Body «npowtn>d to sviininlstw law.
Method of selecting occupation or i.ndu*try to txs considered by this bod?*
l&Ku. 1917.
la "Session Laws of Art- I
wsa/'l^ch.Wjp.St. [
Haws. 1915, 1919.
in "Diffist of tlie Statutes Minimum ware and maximum hour comWAriaasaV'isirt ted.,
mission. ^Commiasion is cotaposrd of
bj WiHiia f , Eirby the commi.<tticoer of Utor,o{ cxv woman
sad John T. Castfc>\
appointed by him, and of on*} woman apWJpelated by the gmrraor).
JW. and in ''Session
pp.
wot Arkansas/* ma
>0.275, pp. 203-m
^gnh. 1913, 1915,
commission. (Commisla''General Laws of Cali- lad;j?trial
fornia," 1513 (ed.t bv sion h composed of flvp p r m n j , w*1 of
whom shsll
a woman appointed by
ftfflesll:.tD«riz«jttl:fc
the
mnr for trrci of 4 y?ara.) Tho
a "C«vsoli<Ut«d Supmmberi are to rro-ivc l i o per dirm
wt*>n
rmpkmrd
at thrir duties.
Jfeawu to the CoclU
3
^>1,
52?
Uw of
James H.
Method of arriving at wage awards,
Minimum wage fixed by law.
Means provided for securing
enforcement of award.
Principles by which amount Occupations or industries
of award is determined.
covered by law.
Classes of employees covered
by law.
Refusal to comply with law
is misdemeanor.
Amount adequate to supply Any store, office, shop, resthe necessary cost of Hytaurant, dining room, hoing, to maintain health,
tel, rooming house, launand to provide the comdry, manufacturing estabmon necessities of life.
lishments.
Females.,
Amount adequate to supply Any manufacturing, menecessary cost of proper
chanical or mercantile esliving and to maintain the
tablishment, laundry, exhealth and welfare of such
press or transportation
workers.
company.
Female workers..
Amount necessary to sup- The various occupations,
ply the cost of proper livtrades, and industries in
ing and to maintain the
which women and minors
health and welfare of such
are employed.
workers.
Women; minors (persons of
either sex under 18 years
of age).
wage fixed by law CoimnisInvestiiration at discretion of rotnm ission | Minimum
sion has power to raise or lower minito dftttrmin^ necessity of raising <i r lowmum set by law in any occupation,
cring the minimum wage set by law
or industry after investigating
S
howing public bearings, at which
both the employers and employees enS i u t h o particular tradeundercon
sidcration may P ^ f n t 1 f
Commission has special authonty to set
a minimum wage rate for the hotel and
restaurant trades after a public h^nng,
provided the rate so set is not m excess
of that established by law.
Investigation at
to determine n<**>ssity of cstab
minimum w a ® In tto
W
vest&ation conducted byc.xaimnilJP P»
book*, w i t n r ^ . and by h ^ j n g
public barings at which rmploy^f
^
ploycos, and other interested persons
may testify.
Commissioner calls a ^ a g e ^ r d c o i n -
SSESSSBA
investigates the t r a d e j ^ . f f P 0 ^
££
Refusal t o comply with law a
misdemeanor. Employee
may recover back wages
and costs.
Exceptions.
Date of
award.
Occupations or industries.
Classes of employees.
Amount of wage.
$10 per week.
Sept. 1,1920
Women physically defective
by age or otherwise may
be granted special license
by commission.. License
must be renewed every
6 months. Apprentices:
Special wages set by commission during specified
period of apprenticeship.
Any manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile
establishment, laundry,
express, or transportation
company.
Mercantile establishments
at Fort Smith.
Experienced females...
Inexperienced females..
$1.25 per day.
$1 per day.
Experienced females...
Inexperienced females..
$13.25 per week.
$11 per week.
June 21,1921
Fruit and vegetable canning. Experienced women or mi- $16 per week; $0.33$' per
hour.
nors.
Inexperienced$12 per week; $0.25 per hour.
women
$10.56 per week; $0.22 per
Minors (female)
hour.
$12 per week; $0.25 per hour.
Minors (male)....-
July 31,1920
Mercantile industry.
for the trade.
July 24*1920
fish canning industry
July 31,1920
Laundry and dry-cleaning..
July 24,1920
Fruit and vegetable packing industry.
General
and
professional
July 31,1920
July 31,1920 Unclassified occupations.. -
Sept. 25,1920 Manufacturing industry..
Experienced women or minors.
InexperiencedWomen
Minors
Minors
Women or minorsExperienced
Inexperienced....
Women or minorsExperienced
Inexperienced
Experienced w o m e n
minors.
InexperiencedWomen
Minors
Women or minors
July 24,1920
Adult women
A gforttural
field occupa-
$16 per week; $69.33$ per
month.
$12 per week; $52 per month.
$16 per week; $0.33$ per hohr.
or
ExperiencedWomen
Minors
InexperiencedWomen
Minors
July 31,1920 Hotels and restaurants
$12 per week.
$52 per month.
$10 per week; $43.33$ per
month.
$16 per week; $0.38 per hour.
$12 per week; $0.25 per hour.
Experienced w o m e n o r
minors.
InexperiencedWomen IS years and
over.
Under 18 years
Experienced w o m e n
minors.
InexperiencedWomen
Minors
$16 per week; $69.33$ per
month.
$12 per week; $0.25per hour.
§10.56 per week; $0.22 per
hour.
$16 per week; $69,334 per
month.
$12 per week; $52 per month.
$10 per week; $43.33$ per
month.
$16 per week; $0.33$ per hour.
$12 per week; $0.25 per hour.
or
$12 per week; $0.25 per hour.
$10.56 per week; $0.22 per
hour.
$16 per week; $69.33$ per
month.
- $12 per week; $52 per month.
$10 per week; $43.33$ per
month.
. $16 per week; $69.33$ per
month.
$16 per week; $0.33$ per hour.
52250°—21. (To follow page 49.) No. 1.
CHART IX.—MINIMUM WAGE LEGISLATION IN THE UNITED STATES—Continued.
Administration of minimum wage laws.
State and date of enactment.
Colorado.1 1917.
In " Session Laws of Colorado" 1917, ch. 98, pp.
380-390.
Body empowered to administer law.
Method of selecting occupation or industry to be considered by this body.
Method of arriving at wage awards.
Means provided for securing
enforcement of award.
Princioles by which amount
of award is determined.
Occupations or industries
covered by law.
Classes of employees covcred J
bylaw.
Industrial commission. (Commission Is
composed of three members appointed
by the governor, with the consent of the
senate, for terms of 6 years, at a salary
of $4,000 per annum. Not more than
one member may represent employees'
interests, nor may more than one represent employers.)
Investigation at discretion of commission
or at the request of not less than 25
persons engaged in the occupation to
determine necessity of establishing a
minimum "wage in the occupation.
Investigation conducted by examining
books, papers, and witnesses, and by
holding public hearings at which employers, employees, or other interested
persons may testify.
Commission investigates an occupation
by examining books and records and by
holding pubjic hearings at which employers, employees, or other interested
persons may testify. Commission then
sets minimum wage for such occupation.
Commission establishes a wage board
composed of not more than 3 representatives of employers in the occupation in question, an equal number of
representatives of female employees, an
equal number of representatives of the
public, and a member of the commission. The representatives of the employers and tho employees to be elected
by their respective groups; at least one
member of every group to be a woman.
The wage board investigates the occupation and reports to the commission a
minimum wage, which the commission
may accept or reject.
Refusal to comply with law
a misdemeanor.
"Wages adequate to supply
the necessary cost of living
and to maintain health.
Wages sufficient for living
wages for women and
minors of ordinary ability.
Any occupation. (Oecupation construed to include
" a n y and every vocation,
trade, pursuit, and industry.*)
Women, minors (persons of
either sex under is years
of age).
Organization by the board of a conference
composed of not more than three representatives of the employers in the occupation in question, an equal number of
representatives of the employees, an
equal number of representatives of the
public, all appointed by the board and
one or more members of the board.
After the investigation the conference
recommends a minimum wage, which
the board may accept or reject.
Refusal to comply with law Wages adequate to supply
the necessary cost of living
a misdemeanor. Violaand to maintain women
tions of law to be reported
in good health and to proby board to corporation
tect their morals. Wages
counsel, who prosecutes
unreasonably l o w f o r
case. Employee may reminor workers are to be
cover back wages and
raised.
costs.
District of Columbia, 1918.
In "The Code of Law for Minimum-wage board. (Board is com- Investigation at discretion of board to
the District of Columdetermine the necessity of establishing
posed of three unsalaried members apb i a / ' 1919 (ed. by Wila minimum wage in the occupation.
pointed b y the District Commissioners
liam S. Torbet), Appenfor terms of three years, one member to
dix, pp. 405-411.
represent the employers, one to represent the employees, one tg> represent the
public.)
Kansas. 1915.
In "General Statutes of
Kansas," 1915, ch. 108,
art. 42, sees. 10495-10515,
pp. 2147-2151.
Awards Issued under minimum wage laws.
Industrial welfare commission. Commis- Investigation at discretion of commission
or on request of 25 persons engaged in
sion is composed of the commissioner of
the occupation in question to determine
labor and two other unsalaried members,
the necessity of establishing a Tninimny^
one of whom shall be a woman, apwage in the occupation.
pointed b y the governor for terms o f 4
years.
Organization by the commission of a wage
board composed of not less than three
representatives of the employers in the
occupationin question, an eq ual number
of representatives of the employees, and
one ormore representatives of the public.
After examination the board recommends a minimum wage, which the commission may accept or reject.
Refusal to comply with law
a misdemeanor. Employee may recover back
wages and costs.
Wages adequate for their
maintenance.
The different occupations. Women, minors (a person
(Occupations to include
of either sex under IS
a business, industry, trade,
years of ago J. Etctption:
1
or branch thereof.)
Domestic servants.
Any occupation. (Occupition to include any and
every vocation and pursuit and trade and industry.
Women, apprentices, learnS , — 8
^T50n
under 18 years of age).
Exceptions.
fiAvard.f
!
or industries.
Amounttfwage.
Cla&Mxi of employees.
Womenphysically d<;f«:tivc
or cnpplcd by a so or
otherwise, or less c e d e n t
than woman workers of
ordinary ability, may be
granted special license,
stating wage; nuialw* k>
licensed must not cxcct-d
one-tenth of the total
number employed in any
establishment.
Women whose earning ca- Aug. 13,1319
pacity hart I w n iiiipaired
1 iv a i o r otherwise I l i a y
obtain a license fuihg a Oct. 2S, 1319
lower wape.
Employees ph vsicall v def<^live or c r l r p l r ^ r o f l i s
than onlinkfy abilil
obtain a license fiiing %
lower wage.
Printing publishing, and
allied industries.
Mercantile industry
Dec. 14,1919
Mercantile industry.
May 3f.,19X>
Hotel, restaurant, and allied
Mar. 19,1921
Laundry and dry-dnaninc
industry.
Mar. lS,lftib
Mercantilee*tai>Ii*hTnent*. ,
industries.
Females:
Experienced
Ix&rner®
Women:
Experienced
Sfpt. Sf 1918
Telephone operator*
$10,50 per wock.
$12.50 per week.
Inexpcriencvd
Minors:
Exporienood
Inexperienced
Females
Females:
Experienced
Inexperienced
ExpeT >em**d:
Womrn
Minors
May 14,1918 j Laundries....
115.50 per week.
$S pcr week.
Inexperienced:
women......
Minors
Females:
Experienced
Inexporienowl
$16 per wock.
$10per week,
$73.50 per month; ll^iOK
week. $0.34 j per hour.
j $15 per week.
. j $9 per week.
J t$.50prr week.
. .'j $0 per week.
|Kriweek.
wrok.
'jI per
! $S.50 per week.
$0 ]*ei week.
Female:
Experienced—
Community of less
than J,UW population.
Community wbow
population is Ixv
twwn 1,000 and
Community whose
population is
iween 5,000 and
tS per week.
Community whofte
population is 20,*
<>*» and over.
Inexperienced—
Community wbow
population is less
$9 per week.
WOO.
than 20.<m
Feb. 21,1919 | Manufacturing.
1 Legislature has never made an appropriation to put this law into effect.
17 per week.
$7.50 per week.
Community whose
population is 20,OOti or over.
Female*:
Experienced..
Inexperienced
.
$f> per wefk.
$6J50 per week*
tnper^ek.
$7 per week.
52250°—21. (To follow page 49.)No.1.
J
CHART IX.—MINIMUM WAGE LESISLATION IN THE UNITED STATES—Continued.
Administration of minimum wag© laws.
Stole and date of enactment, j
B o d y empowered to administer law.
H&ssachnsetts. 1 0 1 9 ,
1913,1014,1010.
In "Session Laws of Mas- Board of conciliation and arbitration.
sachusetts," 1912, ch.
(Board is composed of the t h r w associate
706, pp. 780-7S4, and In
commissioners of thRdcportuv^nt of labor
''Session Laws of Masand industries. These commissioners
sachusetts," 1913,ch.b73,
m u s U n d o d o one representative of labor
pp. 618-621, and ch. 330,
and ono representative of employers of
P. 271, and in "Session
labor, appointed by the governor for
LawsofMassachusetts,"
terms of 3 yttrs.)
1914,ch.
p p . 33S-339,
and in " Session Laws of
indusMethod ofr selecting
selectini occupation or in
try t o bo considered by this body,
Method of arriving at wage awards.
investigation
at discretion of board t o
determine necessity of establishing a
m i n i m u m wage in an occupation.
Organization b y the board of a wage board
composed of an equal number of representatives of the employers of the occupation in question and of the employees,
and of one-half the number of persons in
either of these groups t o represent the
public. After examination the wage
board recommends a minimum wage,
which the board may accept or reject.
Awards issued under minimum wage laws.
Means provided for securing
enforcement of award.
Principles b y which amount
of award is determined.
Occupations or industries
covered b y law.
Classes of employees covered
by law.
Publish names of all employers refusing to comply
with awards of the board.
Wages suitable for a female
o f ordinary ability based
on needs of the employee
and the financial condition of the industry.
"Wages adequate to supp l y the necessary cost of
living and to maintain the
worker in health.
Any occupation.,
Females, minors.
Exceptions.
,. A n y woman physically defective may obtain a license fixing a lower wage.
Date of
award.
Aug. 15,1914
Sept. 1,1915
Jan.
1,1916
Massachusetts,"1919. ch,
350, Part III, sec. 69 and
sec. 672, pp. 412 and 414,
and ch. 77, p . 51, and ch.
76, pp. 50-61 and Ch. 72,
PP. 46-47.
Feb.
1,1918
Aug.
1,1918
Jan.
1,1919
Sept.
1,1919
Jan.
Feb.
1,1920
Mar.
1,1920
July
l, 1920
Feb.
ttftawot*.
1913.
In " G e n i a l statutes of
Mmoesota," 1913, sees.
| Investigation at
Minimum wage commission. (Commis,
sion is composed of commissioner
..
ssioner of
labor and t w o others, one » woman and
necessity of establishing a minimum
one an employer of women, appointed
w a g e i n the o c c u p a t i o n . Investigation
b y the governor for terms of 2 years.)
S c t e d b y examining
tf^
witnesses, and b y holding p u b ^
^
tags at wfiich employers, employees, or
other interested persons may t e s u i j .
Refusal to comply with law
a misdemeanor.
Employee may recover back
wages and costs.
SMMSSBflffS'S
SS^ssgESS
S S S f ^ S
more representatives of the p u w i c wum
in eithcT one of the other groups. ^
^ e T S i h r ^ o n ^
cept or reject.
-
Amount adequate to supply
Uving wages for women
ftnd minors of ordinary
Ability.
*
Anv occupation. (Occupation to include any business, industry, trade, or
branch of a triwje.)
Womfen; minors (females
undef 18 4 years ef age,
males under 21 years of
W o m e n physically defective
m a y obtain a license fixing a lower wag©. N u m ber of licenses m a y not
axeeed one-tenth of the
humber employed in the
establishment.
Jan.
1,1921
1,1921
Occupations or industries.
Classes of employees.
Females:
Experienced
Inexperienced
Females:
Laundry
Experienced
Inexperienced
Experienced females over
Retail stores
19 years.
Inexperienced females:
18 years or over.
17 years
Less than 17 years
Men's furnishing factories... Females:
Experienced
Inexperienced
Muslin underwear, apron, Experienced females over 18
years.
kimono, neckwear, chilInexperienced females
dren's clothing factories.
Retail millinery workrooms. Experienced females over 19
Brush industry
Inexperienced females
Experienced females over 18
years. •
Inexperienced females
Experienced females 18 years
Canning and preserving.
and over.
Inexperienced females
Females:
C i n d y making
Experienced
Inexperienced
Men's clothing and raincoats. Experienced females 18 years
and over.
Inexperienced females—
Experienced females
Corset factories
Inexperienced females:
17 years and over
Under 17 years
W o m e n ' s clothing factories. Experienced females over 18.
Inexperienced females:
18 years and over
Under 18 years
Experienced females
Knit goods
Inexperienced females
Experienced females.....
Paper b o x occupation.
Inexperienced females:
16 years and o v e r —
Under 16 years
Office a h d building cleaners Females
Wholesale millinery
A n y occupation
Experienced women of tni*
fcors m citie$ of 5,000 or
more population.
Women Or minors in towns
of less than 5,000 popiilation.
Inexperienced females 18
years or over in cities of
5,000 or more population.
Females 18 years or over, in
cities of less than 5,000
population.
.
Females uhdet 18 years of
age in Cities of 5,000 or
lfcbre Jjdpulation.
Females under 18 years m
cities of less than 5,000
population.
52250°—21.
Amount of wage.
$0,155 per hour.
10.10 per hour.
$8 per week.
$6 per week.
$3.50 per week.
$7 per week.
$6 per week.
$5 per week.
$9 per week.
$7 per week.
$9 per week.
$6 per week.
$10 per week.
$3 per week.
$11 per week.
$6 pet Week.
$11 per week.
$8.50 per week.
$12.50
week.
$8 per per
week.
$15 per week.
$7 per week.
$13 per week.
$10 fcer week.
$8 per week.
$15.25 per week.
$12 per week.
$10 per week.
$13.79 per week.
$S.50 per Week.
$15.50 per week.
$11 per week.
$9 per Week.
$15.40 per week; $0.37 per
hmif.
$12 pet Wefefc; $0.25 jref hour
for all hours in excess of 4S
er week.
S.25 per week;
$0,215 per
hour for all hours in excess
of 48 per week.
$9.12 per week; $0.19 per
hour for all hours in excess
of48perweek.
.
$7,68 feet week; $0.16 fceihtAiir for all hours in eteess
of 48 per week. ,
$7.68 pet we€k; $0.18 per
hour for all hours In Excess
of 48 per week.
$3.48 per week; $0.13$ per
hour for all hours in excess
of 48 per week.
(To follow page 49.) N o . 3.
CHART I X . — M I N I M U M
WAGE
LEGISLATION
IN T H E
UNITED
STATES—Concluded.
Administration of minimum wage laws*
State and date of enactment.
B o d y empowered t o administer law.
North. D a k o t a . 1 9 1 9 .
In- "Session Laws of
North D a k o t a , " 1919,
ch. 174, p p . 317-322.
Workmen's compensation bureau. ( B u reau is composed of the commissioner
of agriculture and labor and t w o other
workmen's compensation commissioners appointed b y the governor for terms
of 5 years at a salary of $2,500 per annum.)
-
| Method of selecting occupation or industry to be considered b y this b o d y .
Investigation at discretion of bureau to
determine necessity of establishing a
minimum wage i n the occupation. I n vestigation conducted b y examining
apers, books, and witnesses, and b y
olding public hearings at which any
interested persons may testify.
E
Awards issued under minimum wape laws.
Method of arriving at wage awards.
Means provided for securing
enforcement of award.
Principles by which amount
of award is determined.
Occupations or industries
covered b y law.
Classes of employees covered ]
b y law.
Organization b y the bureau of a conference
composed of not more than 3 representatives of the employers and an equal
number of representatives of the employees in the occupation in question,
an equal number of representatives of
the public, and one or more commissioners. After investigation the conference recommends a minimum wage,
which the bureau may accept or reject.
Refusal to comply with law
a misdemeanor.
Employee m a y recover back
wages and costs.
Wages adequate to supply
the necessary cost of living and maintain women
workers in health. Reasonable wages for minor
workers.
A n y occupation. (Occupation to include a business,
industry, trade, or branch
thereof. Exceptions; Agricultural or domestic service.)
W o m e n ; minors (under IS
years of age.)
Exception*
Date of
award.
Any female physj rally defective by a/e or oihrrwise mav*obtain alkxns-c
fixing a lower wa^r.
Aug. 10,1920
Occupations or industries
1
.Student nurses
Manufacturing (candy, b i c m t making, printing, or
j o b press feeding.)
AH other mnnulact urine. ,.
Public housekeeping (waitr e s t ' s eomitcr help.)
ChamlH-rmajds and kitchen
I help,
Au?.
Personal «rrviee.
Laundry and telephone.
Mercantile,
Oregon. 1 9 1 3 , 1 9 1 5 .
I n "Oregon L a w s , " 1920,
Vol. I I , sees. C66S-06S7,
pp. 2G71-2G76.
Office
Industrial welfare commission. (Commission is composed of three members appointed b y tho governor for terms o f 3
years, one t o represent the employing
class and one the employed.)
Porto Rico. 1 9 1 9 .
In *' Session Laws of Porto
R i c o , " 2d sess., 1919,
No. 45, p . 200.
Bureau of l a b o r .
Utah. 1913.
I n "Compiled Laws of
U t a h " 1917, sees. 36713674, p p . 7S2-7S3.
Commissioner of immigration, labor, Mid
statistics.
Washington. 1913.
I n "Pierce's Annotated
Code State of Washingt e n " 1919, V o l . I , sees.
3526-3545, p p . 1099-1102.
Wisconsin. 1 9 1 3 , 1 9 1 9 .
I n " Wisconsin Statutes,"
1919, V o l . I,sees. 1T29S-1
t o 1729S-12, p p . 14341436.
Industrial welfare commission. (Commission is composed offive persons, the commissioner of labor, and four others appointed b y the Governor for terms o f 4
years. N o appointee may have been a
member of a manufacturers' or employers'
association or a labor union during the
5 years prior to his appointment.)
Industrial commission. (Commission is
composed o f 3 members appointed b y
t h e governor, with the advice and consent of the senate, for terms of 6 years at
a salary of 55,000 per year.)
Investigation at discretion of commission
t o determine necessity of establishing a
minimiiTii wage in the occupation. Investigation conducted b y examining
apers, books, and witnesses, and b y
olding public hearings at which interested persons m a y testify.
E
Investigation at discretion of the commission to determine the necessity of establishing a minimum wage in the occupation. Investigation c o n d ^ c t e d ^ b y e x and by „ w
employers,
ested persons m a y testify.
Investigation at discretion of the ajmmission, or on the filing of a verified complaint of any person, t o determine t h e
necessity of establishing a m i n i m u m
wage in the occupation.
Organization b y the commission of a conference composed of not more than three
representatives of the employers in the
occupation in question, an equal number of representatives of the employees,
an equal number of representatives of
the public, and one or more commissioners. After investigation the conference recommends a Tninimnm wage,
which the commission may accept or
reject.
Refusal to comply with law
a misdemeanor. Employee m a y recover back
wages and costs.
Minimum wage fixed b y law
Refusal to comply with law
a misdemeanor.
Industrial occupations or
commercial or public service.
Exceptions:
First
three weeks of apprenticeship; agriculture and agricultural industries.
Violation of law a misdemeanor, to be prosecuted
b y all the city, State, and
county prosecuting officers.
Any regular employer of female labor.
Organization b y the commission of a conference composed of an equal number of
representatives of the employers and of
the employees in the occupation in question, and one or more representatives of
the public, but no more representatives
of the public than in either one of the
other groups, and a member of the commission. The conference recommends a
minimum wage, which the commission
m a y accept or reject.
Refusal to comply with the
law a misdemeanor. E m ployee may recover back
wages and costs.
Wages adequate for their The various occupations,
maintenance. Wages adetrades, and industries.
quate to supply the necessary cost of living and to
maintain the workers in
health.
Organization b y the commission of an advisory wage board selected to represent
fairly the employers, the employees, and
the public. The living wage determined on b y the commission and this
advisory board shall be the legal minim u m wage.
Each day an employer em-
.*age » i. e ., c o m - Every person in receipt of,
m o n sufficient'^ enor entitled to, any comable the employee to mainpensation for labor performed for any employer.
i S S h e r s e ^ u n d e r condito
e x t e n t with her
Sie^legal minimum wage
shall be a separate offense.
Wages adequate to supply
the necessary cost of living
and to maintain health.
Any occupation. (Occupation to include a n y and
every vocation, pursuit,
trade, and industry.)
Women, minors (under IS
years of age).
Anv woman r h v i^Uv <kf ( Vtive or r n p j . ^ i hy
or otherwise m*»v o k a i n
a license fixing *a k ^ c r
wage.
Oft.
n j u i ' i M f rc an tile rn.anuf w t ur i ng f
]>f r^mal
i< e, Intundrv,
telephone or telegraph,
public housekeeping.
Amount of wage.
Classes of employ ee>
Women:
1 st year.
2d vear.
3d year
Wom< :i and minors'
Experienced..
Inexperienced
W o m e n und minors,
jtericnctxl.
\Y omen and minors:
Experienced
Inexperienced
Women and minors:
Experienced - .
Inexperienced...
W o m e n and minors:
Experienced..
Inexperienced..
Women and miner;.Experienced..
InexjKi ienred —
Women and minors:
Kx peri en c o d . . .
Inexperience] —
Women and miners:
Experienced,.
Inexperienced ,
Women:
Experienced..
Inexperienced.
Si per month.
per month.
$s per month.
1I6..V) per week.
| $12 per week.
! $16.50 per week.
1
Women:
Experienced..
Inexperienced.
r . v U n ? , drying. j ;e < r\. W o m e n :
Experienced..
i;u\ canninj.1. T'Ol'hable
Inexjfcrionced.
f r u i t o r vegetable/
office.
A n y woman phvMraUv de- < N o v . JO, ltdS Any. occupation, trade, or
fertivc or crippled, b r a c e
industry.
e*T otherwise, nj&v el u i n a June 2,
Public luyusekecping w<ulicense fixing a i o W * Age.
pation.
Females, minors.
A n y female or minor tuaMe
to earn a " l i v i n g
may ol'tain a tanse fixing a lower wage.
Aug.
1,1921
Any occupation, trade, or
i ndust ry. Kite jtfion*: Season able industries.
117-50 per week.
113 per week.
$ 10.50 per week.
112 per week.
$17JjO per week.
$ 12 per week.
t20 per week.
114 per week.
113.20 per week.
$y j>er week.
$0.27J per hour.
$0.22 per hour.
Women (adult):
Experienced..
Inexperieneed.
Worn < n (minor,).
Women, minors (under i s
years of age),
110.70 per week.
113.20 per week.
per month.
i f j jxir week.
| Female*;:
o v e r Is years of a r e . .
:
"Under is years of ape.
Women
117.50 per week.
$14 per week.
$0 per week.
$1 per week.
$1.23 per day.
per
SO.73 per day.
A n y female o ^ t 1> years erf $13.20 per week.
a ?e.
*
,
#
Females over IS years of age. $1S per week,
per
*
10-371 per hour.
W o m e n and b o y s over 17
years of age:
Experienced—
I n cit ies of5,000or m ore j
In cities under 5,000...
Inexperienced....
Minors:
Experienced
Incxperienc^ed
*
Females or minors:
I n cities of 000 or more
In cities under 5,009
52250*
21,
$0.25 per hour.
$0.22 f * r hour.
$0.10 j>er hour.
$0.20 per hour.
$0.10 per hour.
$0.25 per hour.
$(>.22 per hour.
( T o follow page 49.)
No. 4.
CHART X.—MOTHERS' PENSIONS LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES—Contn
iued.
Conditions on which allowance is granted.
Persons to whom allowance
State and date of enactment.
may be given.
Alaska. 1 9 1 3 , 1 0 1 7 .
*
Mother dependent u p o n o w n efforts
la "Session Laws of f M o t h e r s—W i ci o w e d;
for s u p p o r t . Mother unable to supdivorced; whose husbands
Alaska/' 1913, ch. 32,
port child.
pp.33-U,and i n
j are i n prison: whose hus- ,
aoa Laws of Alaska," j bands are i n State institu1917, ch. Id, pp. 34-36, 1 tions for the insane or j
feebk*minded; whose hiuh ;
bands are totally i n c a p a d - j
tated. (I^aw applies t o j
white child o n l y . )
Arizona. 1917.
In "Session Laws of
Arizona," 1917, ch. 70.
pp. 104-107.
Arkansas.* 1917.
In "Session Laws of
Arkansas," 1917, No.
336, pp. 160-t6&
Mothers, widowed ,
Mothers—Widowed: permanent ly deserted: whose
husbands arc in prison in
the State; whose husbands
art totally incapacitated.
Home conditions.
Economic conditions.
!
Aid necessary t o c n a b l c mother to give
proper care.
Aid neccssary to save the child from
neglect. Aid necessary to enable
mother to remain at h o m e .
Outside employment of
mother.
Administration.
Age of child.
Mother a fit person, morallv,
physically, and mentally
to bring u p child. Child
living at home
with
mother.
'm^iW. 007 '
Continuance of allowance.
Residence and citizenship.
Agency granting allowance.
Under 17 years. One child, $15 per month; each j If allowance is to continue for more
additional child, $10 per month.
than 1 year, it must be renewed
after examination b y the juvenile
court and board of children's
guardians.
Mother fit and proper person
to have custody of child.
Mother of good habits and
character. Children living at home with mother.
Mother a suitable person
to bring u p child,
Amount of allowance.
Territorial funds appropriated for
the care of dependent children.
(Paid b y treasurer of Alaska on
warrants drawn b y board of
children's guardians, and approved b y the governor.)
County funds. (Appropriated b y
local authorities for this purpose
on estimates submitted b y board
of child welfare.)
One year i n the county.
Citizen of United States.
(Husband must have been
a citizen and resident of
the State at time of his
death.)
Under 16 years, j One child, $20 per month; second
> child, $15 per month; each additional child, $10 per month.
Maximum for one family, $60
per month.
If allowance is to continue for more
than 6 months, it must be renewed
b y the board of child welfare.
County board of child welfare upon Board of child welfare shall make
careful investigation of all appliapproval of board of supervisors.
cants and adequately supervise
(Board of child welfare consists of
all persons i n receipt of allowseven members: County superinances.
tendent of t h e poor, member ex
officio; one representative of the
public schools; onerepresentative
of t h e public-health authorities;
one representative of the juvenile
court; three additional members,
t w o of whom shall b e w o m e n ; appointed b v the judgeof the superior
court for terms of 6 years without
compensation. Application s may
be made direct t o a n y member of
the board or through t h e public
schools.)
One year in county. Citizen of United States.
Under 15 years.. One child, $10 per month; each
additional child, $5 per month.
Allowance may be discontinued or
modified at any time at discretion
of court. Allowance shall cease if
mother marries again. Allowance
shall cease if father is released from
penitentiary.
Juvenile court, or county court
where no juvenile court exists.
Probation officers, appointed b y
court for indeterminate term of
office,investigate and report t o
court, after which hearing shall
be held. Such officers also supervise families t o whom aid is i
granted.
County funds, on order from the
court.
T w o years in State (unless
child was born in State).
Under 16 years.. Each child, $10 per month. (Grant
of equal amount from city or
county is possible.)
State board of control.
State children's agents investigate j State board of control can
applicants for aid and supervise ! appoint chief State chilfamilies after granting of allowdren's agent at $2,700 a
ance.
year, and salaried assistants who, with unpaid advisory committee of three
persons in each county,
supervise working of the
law.*
State and local funds. (County or
township reimbursed from State
funds appropriated for this purpose.)
Under 16 years.. Amount must be sufficient to care
properly for child at home. ( A i d
may be given in money or supplies.)
Juvenile or county c o u r t .
Probation officers appointed by
juvenile or county court to investigate, supervise, keep records, and report t o court.
Court must file yearly report
with State board of charities and corrections.
County funds. (Mothers'compensation fund raised b y special tax
on real and personal property not
t o exceed one-eighth of a miH on
the dollar.)
Under 16 years.. Food: Widow, $2 per week; child Allowance shall continue until suspended, revoked, or changed b y
over 14 years, $1.7o per week;
State agent. Allowance shall cease
child 5 to 14 years, $l-2o per
if mother leaves State.
week; child under 5 years, $1 j>er
week; fuel, $1 per week; clothing,
for each member of the family,
50 cents per week. Rent: Reasonable monthly
allowance.
Sickness and death: Special allowance. ( A i d m a y b e ^ v e n i n
money or supplies, or hotn.)
State agent i n the office of the State
treasurer upon recommendation of
' executive officers " of the municipalities and of the county commissioners.
Executive officers " must investi- State agent in office of the
gate case and make a report to
State treasurer.
county
commissioners,
who
must approve or disapprove and
toward report to State agent.
If the State agent grants the aid,
the 4 'executive officers" cause
home t o be visited once a month
and reported on. State agent
may investigate and supervise
cases.
State, county, and municipal
funds. (Equal amounts from
State, county, municipality.)
22&3, aaso,
1913,1919.
to
{ W ^ ? ! ^ ® ^
* Colorado
J? 11 *
1'
in
*
r ^ - f J ^ V fXF 0 1 0 "
SJt'iw
' *
1 ^
1919.
lftl9w ch.
-i Mother? unable to p r o v i d e Mother unable because ot P<>«rt> to
rare properly for self a ^ ^ h ^ i j property for self and infant
Parent unable because of po\crt>
child during certain pe~
t o care properly for child.
ri oda be fore and after child- !
hirthunable beeaase of p o v e r t v to t>rop. eriv care for chiid,
Child fotind b y court t o be
dependent of neglected.
Mothers, widowtd .
Parent proper guardian.
For welfare of child to live
at home.
Children sufficiently d o t t e d
and fed. Children receivI jug religious instruction.
•Thisacu, inarmK/wikt . . .
^ S & i f c w ^ 8 ^ t o « o u t o f 7 3 « u n t o in th* State.
Allowance
v
may malm rti tot and raniUtiotu Kovernln* the
SeW*ln
Estate
amUrjiututions
pampn«», "- H" u" l^^rM
^^
r io ab jc jgys ^
n o t a t i o n s has itarn**!
a a pamphlet
DigitizedWforbeFRASER
entitled to adequate awMtanw from other t o u r w : child must live regularly
Mother must be resident in
State. Mother can not
have legal settlement in
any other State-
aid may be granted are set forth. This ruling states that the mother must be mentally, physically, and morally fit t o care for the child.
H t t n f f l p conditions" n e c e s s a r y ^ t h a ; % ^ y o f V o r k i n g age unless under unusual circumstances,
*£? . ^ f ^ t e d t o mothers with one child not
mother; not granted t o m
. v
which
Source of funds.
State supervision.
Board of children's guardians upon
report of the juvenile court.
(There is one board for each of the
three judicial divisions of Alaska;
board consists o f j u d g e of district
court ? United States marshal of
the division, and one woman citizen, to be appointed b y the governor, t o serve without compensation.
General Laws of California.'' m7-1919 red.
by James H. Peering.
Code, s m .
Cotondo.
Investigation and suspension of
cases.
Mother must not neglect child; mother must not conceal
of money or property in order to obtain the allowance;
52250*—21.
( T o follow page 49.)
No. 5.
CHART X.—MOTHERS' PENSIONS LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES—Continued.
Administration.
Conditions on which allowance is granted.
State and date of enactment.
Persons to whom allowance
may be given.
Economic conditions.
Delaware. 1917, 1919,
1920.
In "Session Laws of Del- Mothers—Widowed; desert- Mother unable without aid to support, maintain, and educate child.
ed; whose husbands are
aware," 1917, ch. 227,
Aid necessary to maintain suitable
totally incapacitated.
pp. 734-738, and in
home.
"Session Laws of Delaware," 1919, ch. 198,
pp. 527-529, and in
"Session Laws of Delaware," 1920, ch. 54, pp.
218-220, and ch. 5, pp.
10-11.
Florida. 1919.
In "Session Laws of Mothers—Widowed; desert- Aid necessary to save child from neglect. Woman wholly or partially
ed (if husband has been
Florida," 1919, ch. 7920,
dependent upon own effort for
prosecuted for desertion
pp. 289-293.
support of herself and child.
and adjudged unable to
support family); whose
husbands are in State
asylums for the insane or
feeble-minded; female relative or guardian upon
whom child is dependent.
Hawaii. 1919.
M others—Wid owed; desert- Aid necessary to enable the mother to
In "Session Laws of
bring up child properly.
ed ; unmarried; whose
Hawaii," 1919, act No.
husbands are inmates of a
129, pp. 172-175.
Territorial or other institution.
Home conditions.
Outside employment of
mother.
Amount of allowance.
Continuance of allowance.
Agcnry granting allowance.
Residence and citizenship.
Mother a fit person to bring
up child. Child must attend school regularly.
Three years in State.,
Under 14 years.. One child, $9 per month; each
additional child, $5 per month.
(Aid may be given in money
or supplies; aid may bo temporarily increased in case of sickness or emergency.)
Allowance shall cease when child
reaches ago at which employment
certificate may be granted.
Woman a fit person mentally, morally, and. physically, to bring up child.
Child living with woman
(privilege of separation
authorized b y board of
county commissioners).
Child must attend school
during full term.
One year in county, four
years in State.
Under 16 years.. One child, ®25 per month; each
addition al child, IS per mon th.
Allowance may be continued in County commissioner*, upon advir*
emergency, after child is 16 at disof conn I y school board. Board
cretion of board of county comof public instruction In each
missioners. Allowance shall ccase
county recommends cases to
if mother marries again. Allowcounty commissioners.
ance shall ccase if child fails to
attend school regularly.
Mother a suitable person to
bring up child.
One year in county..
Idaho. 1 9 1 3 , 1 9 1 5 .
In "Compiled Statutes Mothers—Widowed; wh ose Aid necessary to save the child from Mother a fit person mentally
neglect. Aid accessary to enable
husbands are in State
and physically to bring)
of Idaho," 1919, Vol.1,
the mother to remain at home.
prisons; whose husbands
up child. Child living at
Political Code, sec.
are in State asylums for
home with mother.
3733-3741, pp. IOCSthe insane or feeble1070.
minded.
Illinois. 1 9 1 3 , 1 9 1 5 ,
1917.
In "Revised Statutes of Mothers—Widowed; whose Aid necessary to save the child from Mother a fit person morallv, Mother may be employed away from
husbands are totally incaneglect, or to prevent the breaking
mentally, and physically
Illinois," 1919, ch. 23,
home a definite numup of the home. Aid necessary to
pacitated.
to bring up child. For
sees. 29S-316, pp. 2&>ber of days a week on
enable mother to remain at home.
welfare of child to live at
2SS.
order ofthe court.
Mother may not own real or personal
home. Child living at
property other than household goods
home with mother.
except a homestead entitled to exemption under the laws of the State
or dower right in real estate of not
more than SI,000 value. May be no
relatives able to support child
Indiana. 1 9 0 1 , 1 9 0 7 ,
1919,1920.
In "Burn's Annotated Mothers—Whohavedependent or neglected child.
IndianaStatutes," 1914,
sees. 1642-1647, pp. 8858S6 (Vol. I), and sees.
3657-3604, pp. 3748-377S
(Vol. II), and in "Session Laws of Indiana,"
1919, ch. 95, pp. 4S8-489,
and in "Session Laws
of Indiana," 1920, ch.
9, sec. 1, p. 37.
Age of child.
Child found by court (juvenile or circuit) to be dependent or neglected
and made ward ofthe board of children's guardians.
Two years in county.
Under 15 years.. One child, $10 per month; each
additional child, $5 per month.
State mothers* pension commission.
(Commission is composed erf nine
women, three from each coeinty,
who arc appointed by the governor and who « r v o withoutcompensation for 3-year term?. The
three members frftm a ocumtv
form tho county mother** pension commission.)
Source of funds.
Investigation and suspension of
ease?.
A trained woman investigator in State mothers' pension com- State and county funds. (State
caeh county, appointed by the
mission. The c o u n t y
reimburses county for one-half
county commission, shall invescommissions must report
amount paid out. This State
tigate cases Vvefare aid is granted
every three months to the
contribution however, must not
and supervise cases.
Each
State commission, which
cxcocd $3,000 per year to each
family nmst be visited onee
must report every three
county. The State fund is a
every two months by a repremonths to the levy courts
spocilfc appropriation for this
sentative of the countv comof each county.
purpose.)
missioners.
I
County sehool-attemlanco officer
or fodal worker investigates.
Their report and recommendations are filed with county commissioners.
If allowance is to continue for more
than six months, it must be renewed. Allowance may bo discontinued or modified at any time
at discretion of the board of child
welfare.
Board of child welfare. (Board is Officers, representatives, or emcomposed of five memlktf, three
ployees oft>oard of child welfare
men and two women, apj**ntod
to in\estimate all applications
by the governor. One bo^rd shall
and supervise all families grant|>e appointed for each crwmtv and i ed allowances.*
the judges of the juvenile cnirt of I
such counties *ha!l
n^bm
ex officio. McmWrs shall ktvc
for four years without
nation.
Allowance may be discontinued or
modified at any time at tho discretion of tho court. Allowanco
shall cease if mother marries again.
Allowance shall eeas-o if father is
released from penitentiary.
Probate court of each county
Bureau of child welfare and
education of the State
board of health in cooperation with the board of
public instruction of each
county.
County funds. (Appropriated by
county board of supervisors on
estimate from the board of child
welfare.)
The governor must receive
a yearly report from the
probate judge.
Under 16 years Each child $0.75 per day. (Reasonable sum in addition may b©
(boys); under
17 years (girls).
paid for funeral expenses.)
«Should fund ai
'UthorizodbosufficienttopcrmitanallowanMtoonlyapartofthom
County funds,
I
Three years in county, citi- Under 14 years.. One child, $15 per month. Each Allowance may be modified at anv
additional child, $10 per month.
zen of United States, or
time at discretion of court. Allow- Juvenile court or county court.. • .< Probation officers investigate all
Maximum for one family, SOO per
applicant must have deapplications and make report
ance may bo continued until child
month; (Aid may be given in
clared intention to become
i with recommendations.
The
is 16 years of age, at discretion of
money or supplies. Aid may
a citizen or filed first pacourt shall hold hearings. Aft c r
tho Court if child is ill or incapacibe temporarily increased in case
pers, in which case aid only
the allowance has been granted
tated for work. Allowanco ceases
of sickness or unnatural condifor American-born chilj the probation ollieers shall visit
if court order for removal of incations.)
dren. (Husband
must
and rti i pervi se f am i J i cs.
pacitated father is not complied
have been a resident of
with.
the State at the time of his
death or when he became
incapacitated.)
Count v funds. (County ix>ard
may levy a tax not to exceed!
inifi on a dollar annually on ail
taxable property in co;jities of
not more than 300,oon population and not to exceed fourtcnthsnfa mill in counties having over 300,«00 inhabitants.)&
Board of State charities.
(County boards of children s guardians must re-
K.fS,.)lXBrd
« May make rules andregulationsfor the conduct of its business.
County funds. (To raise this
countv commissioners can levy
tax of ones-half of one mill on the
dollar on all taxable property.)
Count v f imds. (Sum appropriated
by county council allowed a j
county commissioners.)
of 6ta,c
those in most urgent n w d .
52XVT-21. ( T o follow page 49.) No.)
CHART X.—MOTHERS' PENSIONS LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES—Continued.
Conditions on which allowance is granted.
Stateand date of onactment
P e
^ n may
^ 5 0 bo
, S given.
V^0WanCe
Economic conditions.
Home conditions.
Outside emp
moti
Administration.
ntof
Iowa. 1 9 1 3 , 1 0 1 5 , 1 0 1 7 ,
1919.
In "Supplement to the Mothers—Widowed; whose | Mother poor and unable to care prop- Mother a propc- guardian.
Code of Iowa/' 1913,
husbands are in instituerly for child,
For welfare of child to live
ch. 5b, sees. 254-al3tions under the State ,
at home.
254-al5, 254-alS, 254board of control.
a20, 254-a20a, pp. 116119, and in "Supplemental Supplement to
the Code a flows,*' 1915,
ch. 5b, sec. 254-a20, p.
21, and in "Session
Laws of Iowa," 1917,
ch. 150, p. 170, and in
"Session
Laws
of
Iowa," 1919, ch. 12r p.
32, and ch. 107, p. 115.
Kansas. 1917.
In ( ' Session Laws of Kan- Mothers—Widowed;
di- Mother finanically unable to support Mother a fit person to be
sas," 1917, ch. 138, pp.
vorced; deserted (if for 3
guardian of chid. Mother
and educate child. Child in danger
190-193.
f months without just cause
provident. Mohcrofgood
of becoming public charge.
or collusion); whose husmoral character.
bands are totally i ncapacitated; whose "husbands
are confined in any penal
or other State institution.
Louisiana. 1920.
Ia"Session Laws of Lou- Mothers—widowed..
isiana," 1920, act 209,
pp. 311-344.
fcatae. 1917,1919.
In "Session Laws of
Maine/' 1917, ch. 222,
pp. 253-257, and in
"Session
Laws
of
Maine/' 1919, ch. 17,
PP. 16-1S.
upland, 1910.
in "The Annotate*! ('ode
of the Public General
Laws of Maryland/'
J?IS (ed. by George P.
Bagby), vol. 4, art. SSa,
sees. 19-29, pp. 670-673.
^ s a c h u s e t t s . 1913.
"Seaaion U w » of
fteachusetts," 1913,
pp. r£W39>
.
Aid neccssary to enable mother to
maintain herself and child in the
home. Aid neccssary to # prevent
child from becomingapublicchargc.
Aid necessary to save the child from
neglect. Aid necessary to enable
mother to remain at home. Mother
may not own real or personal property other than household goods exceeding 51,000 in value. May be no
relatives able to support child.
Mother a fit person morally ,
mentally, and physically
.to bring up chid.
Mothers, with dependent
child. (If mother is a deserted wife.desertion must
have been for a period of 1
rear and proceedings must
have been instituted.)
Aid necessary to enable mother to
maintain herself and child in the
home.
Mother fit and capable mentally, morally, and physically to bring tp child.
Mothers, widowed .
Mother unable to support and educate
child without aid. Aid accessary to
prevent child from becoming public
charge. Aid necessary to enable
mother to remain at home. Mother
may not own real or personal property other than household goods.
Mother a proper person,
worthy and fit to bring up
child. Child living at
home with mother. Child
must attend school regularly.
Aid necessary to enable mother t o care
properly fox child. May be no r e l atives or organisations able and
under obligation to support child.
All members of family ofworking age
must bo working and contributing
to family expenses.
Mother a fit person to brine
up child. Homo
roundmgsand other members of family such as t o
develop good character.
Mothers with
children.
dependent
Age of child.
Agency granting allowance.
Residence and citizenship.
Investigation and suspension of
Under 16 years.. One child, $2 per week.
Allowance shall cease if father is released from confinement.
Juvenile court, district court, or superior court.
Two years in county
lender 16 years.. Maximum for one family, $25 per
month. (Aid may be given in
money or supplies. Aidmaybe
increased in an emergency.)
Allowance may be modified at any
time at the discretion of county
commissioners.
County commissioners upon report Committee of three investigates
of committee of three. (Commitand reports to commissioners.
tee is composed of three reputable
women residing in same township
or city, appointed by the board of
county commissioners and serving
without
compensation. Three
women appointed for each applicant.)
O nc vcar in parish where application i3 made. (Husband must have been a
resident of the State at the
time of his death.)
Under 16 years.
One child, $15 per month. Each Allowance may be modified at any Juvenile court or district court
timeat discretion of court. Allowadditional child $10 per month. ;, ance
may .be continued until child
Maximum for one family $50 per ' is IS years of age i f child isill or inmonth.
capacitated for work.
Five years ia State; legal
settlement m State.
Under10 years.
No maximum set, butamount set
by municipal and State boards
must bo sufficient t o m e p r o p . erly for child. State boardmay
place allowance at less but not
more than sum set by n ^ p a l
board. (Aid m a y % m m
money or supplies.)
Mother may be e m - ! TfciW yrara In eounay or t&y Voder U years.
of Baltimore,
ployed away from
home a definite number of days a week o&
order of the court.
One child, $12 per wonth; sec^d
1
unnn for one fam^T* * iU : ***
mouth.
Mother may be employed away from
home a definite number of days a week on
order of tne court.
Throe^ year^iit State--.
tionaJchfl^ttif^^ ^
Under 14 years.. NofLxedainmmVhwtsoinKrmtbe
sufficient to Sr* P » P W I o r
child* thorn*.
....
, ,.ml,nrtlia
arid RegtilatiMV* <>f Stot* Board of Charities.—Deserted wives not included unle^every legal effort h ^ b e ^ m a d c to make huslxm<lssupp<>rtfaniily7 not
may not keep any male lodgers; no aid granted to iUe^Umate children unless api*oved byfatateboard of charities; in cases of emergency m e d i a l aid ami burial aia mi>y ue srautea-
Continuance of allowance.
Amount of allowance.
Source of funds.
State supervision.
Probation officers shall investigate
and report to court, which shall
hold hearings and grant or refuse
allowance.
County funds. (Sum appropriated by county board of supervisors.)
County funds.
Commission of three residents of
1 the ward with the probation officer as chairman investigates
and reports to court with recom1 .mentations. .The court shall
hold hearings. Probation officer shall supervise and report
on families receiving relief.
Funds appropriated b y parish
($2,000 for a parish having one
representative, $l,OC0for eachadditional representative). New
Orleans funds appropriated by
city. Cities of more than 5,000
inhabitants shall contribute an
amount to each beneficiary equal
to that from the parish.
Allowance may be reviewed by State State and municipal boards of moth- Municipal board investigates all
board whenever it deems it necesers' aid, Municipal board recomapplicants, and after allowance
.sary, but it shall not be increased
has been granted it supervises
mends to State board, which has
without consent of municipal
all families.,
final power. (State board is comboard or decreased without municposed of State, board of charities
ipal board being heard.
and correction ex officio; municipal board i3 composed of the overseer of the poor in each city, town,
and plantation, unless the district
provides for another board of three
persons, one of whom must be a
woman. In all cases the members
serve without compensation.)
State board of mothers' aid.. State and municipal funds (onehalf from city, town, or plantation if mother has settlement,
one-half from State; entire
amount from State if mother has
no settlement).
Allowance may bo modified at any
time at the discretion of the court.
Allowance may be extended at the
discretion of the court until the
child is 16 if child is ill or incapacitated for work.
Juvenile court or circuit court oh County commissioners or board of County commissioners and
recommendation of county commothers relief or their agents
board of mothers' relief
missioners or Baltimore board of
investigate applications for relief
must submit report to
mothers'relief. (Board appointed
and report to court. After
1918 general assembly.
by mayor for 4-year terms at salary
allowance is granted, same agenof $5 a day for those days actually , cies must supervise cases, visitworked. Not more than two pering homeatleast once every two
sons of thesame sex may be serving
months. (Board may hire three
onboard. Supervisor of city charinvestigators to carry on work.)
ities may be substituted; has all
powers and duties of board..)
IT allowance is to continue for more ... City or town overseers of the poor... City or town overseers of the poor
than oneyear, itmust be renewed.
must investigate each applicant
i before allowance is granted.
Afterauowance isgranted, must
visit families or cause such families to be visited once every three
• months.
« nr- w w ™
har« a**® tiseKl S* 30
^ ^ n^otlsear csa nc*
eclaity111
State board of charities has
power to establish rules,
visit andinspect cases and
records.
The overseers
submit detailed reports to
the board, which in turn
reports annually to legislature.*
County or city fuininr (County
treasurer or city comptroller pays
from funds raised by levying, a
tax not exceeding one-tenth of amill on the dollar;);
1
Lty or town funds; State1 funds*
(If mother has lawful settlement,
State pays one-'third and city or
town two-thirds; if mother has
not settlement, State pays all.)
property of mono than $300; family can not own property worth more than $2,000; if any member of the family is tubercular, no aid granted unless person, will go
P
y
y
52250°—21. (To follow page 49.) No. 7.
CHART X.—MOTHERS' PENSIONS LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES—Continued.
Administration.
Conditions on which allowance is granted.
State and date of enactment.
Persons to w h o m allowance
may be given.
Michigan. 1 9 1 3 , 1 9 1 5 .
I n "Compiled Laws of M o t h e r s — W i d o w e d ; divorced; deserted; unmarMichigan," 1915, Vol. I,
ried; whose husbands are
sec. 2017, p . 890.
i n State penal institutions;
whose husbands are in
State asylums for the insane and feeble-minded or
other State Institutions.
Minnesota. 1 9 1 7 , 1 9 1 9
I n "General Statutes of M o t h e r s — W i d o w e d ; deserted (if for 1 year and
Minnesota," 1917, sees.
proceedings
instituted);
(7199-) 1 t o (7199-) 18,
whose husbands are in
pp. 667-670, and in
jrison (if under sentence
''Session Laws of Minor more than 3 months);
n e s o t a , " 1919, ch. 328,
whose husbands are in
pp. 348-349, and ch.
State asylums for insane
333, p p . 354-355.
or inebriates; whose husbands are totally incapacitated ; grandmothers; stepmothers (husband may
mean stepfather or grandfather of child).
J
Missouri.
1911,
1912,
1913,1915,1917.
Jackson County (Kansas
City)—In " S e s s i o n
Laws of Missouri,"
1911, p p . 140-147.
City of St. Louis—Ordinance 26565, approved
July 8,1912, as amended b y Ordinance 28134,
approved July 8, 1915.
State outside Jackson
County and St. Louis,
in "Session Laws of
Missouri," 1917, pp. 151,
153.
Montana. 1917,1919.
I n " Session Laws of Mont a n a , " 1917, ch. 83, pp.
137-139, and i n " Session
Laws of
Montana,"
1919, c h . 198, pp. 44$449.
Nebraska. 1 9 1 9 .
I n "Session Laws of Nebraska," 1919, ch. 221,
p p . 946-951.
Economic conditions.
H o m e conditions.
Mother poor and unable to provide for
child. Child found to be dependent
or neglected.
Mother a proper guardian
for child. For welfare of
child to live at home.
Woman may not own property other
than a homestead, the rental of
which does not exceed the amount
that the family would have t o pay
for living quarters and $100 personal
property, exclusive of appropriate
clothing and household goods, and
such tools, domestic animals, etc.,
as the court judges it expedient to retain for the purpose of reducing expenses and increasing income of thefamily. Majybe n o r d a -
W o m a n a proper person t o
' have custody of child.
Child living at home with
woman. For welfare of
child t o live at home.
H o m e surroundings and
other members of family
such as t o develop good
character. Court m a y request woman t o learn
English and use it i n the
home.
Outside employment of
mother.
Age of child.
Amount of allowance.
Continuance of allowance.
Under 17 years., Each child, $3 per week.
Probation oflloer Investigates applicants for allowance and reports to oourt, which must bold
hearing.
County funds. (County treasurer
pays from general fund of the
county on order from the court.)
Juvenile court, or representative
thereof, or member of county
board of child welfare must investigate all applications for
relief and report to court; court
holds hearings. After allowance
is gran ted, representative of the
oourt must visit family at least
once every three months and
report to court. ( I n more populous counties court m a y appoint
salaried agents to conduct investigation.)
State board of control. (Su- County and State funds. (County
pervises c o u n t y board of
treasurer pays from general revechild welfare arid m a y visit
nue funds of the county; State
and inspect a n y family
reimburses county for one4hird.)
and all records.)
Under 16 years.
One child, $15 per month. Each
additional child, $10 per month.
If allowance is to contlnuo for more
than one year, it must be renewed
b y court. Allowance may be
modified or discontinued at discretion of court. Allowance shall
cease when child reaches age at
which an employment certificate
m a y be obtained.
Juvenile oourt..
Mother a fit and competent
person morally, mentall y , and . physically to
bring u p child.
Child
with mother.
Mother competent mentall y , morally, and physicall y t o bring u p child.
H o m e fit and suitable.
Two years in county.
Under 14 years.
One child. $10 per month; each additional child, $5 per month.
Allowance m a y be discontinued or
modified at any time at discretion
of juvenile court.
Juvenile court..
T w o years in city.
Under 14 years.
One year in county.
Under 16 years.
One child, $3.50 per week. ( A i d Allowance m a y Iks modified at any
Board of childret'i
rnir&inj.
may be temporarily increased on
time at discretion of board of chil(Board of children *i
account of exceptional condidren's guardians.
sists
of
seven
unp&d
taemben
ftptions, with consent of city comppanted b y the m&fvr fur ursis of
troller. Emergency allowance
4 years.)
ci 525 per year per child allowed
for clothing or medical care.)
One child, $16 per month; each If allowance is to continue for more
County court ( I a x x n t y at/ami*
additional child, not less than $3
than six months, it must be reuoners) untilooumy bo*r4tfpubper month; maximum for one
newed b y county board of public
family, $40 per month.
welfare. Allowance may b e discontinued or modified at any time
b y county board of public welfare.
obligation to assist child. All m e m p ofwoi
to fj
Aid necessary tobri—p
.
.
erly in own home. Woman must
prove that poverty Is not due t o
neglect, improvidence, or other fault
on her part.
Mothers—Widowed; whose
husbands are in prison;
whose husbands are in
State asylums for the insane or feeble-minded.
Mothers—Widowed; whose
husbands are confined in
any State or Federal institution.
Aid necessary to save the child from
neglect. Aid necessary to enable
mother to remain at home. M a y
be no relatives able to aid in s o p port of child.
Mothers—Widowed;
deserted; divorced; expectant mother (for 3 weeks
before and after childbirth); whose husbands
are totally incapacitated;
whose husbands are in
prison; whose husbands
are in State asylums for the
insane or feeble-minded.
Aid necessary to save the child from
neglect.
Aid necessary t o enable
mother to remain at home. M a y
be no relatives able to aid in support
of child.
Child living with the mother.
Mother a fit and competent person morally, mentally, and physicmlly to
bring u p child.
Mothers—Widowed; whose
husbands are totally incapacitated (if such husband has failed to provide
for child for period of
one year);
whose husbands aro in prison (if
such has failed t o provide
for child for period of 90
days); whose husbands are
in State asylums for the
insane or feeble-minded.
Mother wholly dependent on her o w n
labor for support. Aid necessary t o
prevent child from being sent t o
some public institution/Aid necessary t o enable mother to remain at
home.
Mother a fit person morally,
mentally, and physically
t o bring u p child. Child
living
at home
with
mother.
Mothers—Widowed;
deserted; divorced (if divorced father can not be
made t o support child);
unmarried;
whose husbands are totally incapacitated; whose husbands are
in prison.
Mother can not own real or personal
property except household c o o d s of
more than $2,000 value. A i d necesf a r y . ^ s ^ e c h M from neglect and
furmshit with a suitable education.
to enable mother t o
be n o rela-
Mother a proper guardian... Mother may be employed away from
home for such periods
as the court m a y permit.
iic welfare bejuiOihed.
Mother m a y , be employed away from
home for such periods
as, the Judge of the
county court may
permit.
One year in county; citizens
of the United States (husband must have been disabled while a resident of
the State). I n case the father has been convicted of
crime, the county in which
he was convicted shall pay
the allowance.
Under 16 years.
T w o years m c o u n t y . .
Under 14 years.. Each child, $10 per m o n t h . Maximum for on© family. $50 per
month.
One child. $20 per month. If there Allowance shall cease if
is more than one child in family,
marries again.
first child, $15 per month; second child, $10 per month; each
additional child, $5 per month;
maximum for one family. $60
per month.
r Board of children's guardians has power to mate rules and regulations governing the granting of allowances.
1
mother
Allowance m a y b e extended until
child
is« 16, if Child
—
wmu IS
is ill
m or
or incaincapacuatod for
pacitated
for work,
work, a
a tt discretion
discretion of
of
juvenile court. If allowance is to
continue more than six months
i t must bp renewed b y juvenile
court. Allowance m a y be modified or vacated at any time b y
juvenile court. Allowance ceases
if court order t o remove incapacitated father is not complied with
State supervision.
Probate court.
One year in county; t w o
years in State; citizen of
the United States or declared intention of becoming citizen.
If court or county commissioners think it for
welfare
of
family,
mother m a y be required to work away
from home a specified
number of hours per
week.
Source of funds.
Investigation and suspension of
cases.
Residence and citizenship.
District court.
Jtireniu
_
i, 1 2 5 5 ? " ! ® J : U u d c * of the
™
»PT**U< five
e^iii"
* « W par and to
and^recomincn^t^.
to
M
S & E r ^ a s r
Board of diildrfft'* guardians appoint salaried agent* to investigate and report on all applicants
for aid and supervise all cases
granted allowances.'
C o u n t y boards of pubic welfare i .
investigate applican ts for allowances a n d &ui>ervisc all families \
gran ted allowance *.
County funds. (County
coart
(i. e.. county commissioners)
provides sum not to exceed
$12,000 per annum from general
county funds.)
. City funds.
(City comptroller
1
pays from general city funds on
order from board of children s
guardians.
Comptroller must
approve allowances.)
..} Countv funds. (Appropriated by
4
county court (i. e-, county commissioners) and placed at toe
disposal of county boards of
public welfare.)
The bureau of child and animal
welfare o f t b o S t a t c or theoouuty
probation officer investigates
each applicant on a request from
the court a n d reports the findings t o the court, which then
holds a hearing o n the ease.
Countv funds. (County commissioners issue warrants on general
revenue fund.)
Probation officers, with the ooojv
eration of the committee erf five,
must investigate each applicant
and report and recommend t o
cCTift which then holds hearing.
Probation officer supervises
ffiS-after
allowance is granted.
..J County funds. (County connmssioriers may ievy tax not to ex*
ceed three-tenths of a null on W
dollar on all property
county.)4
Should fund authorised bo sufficient to permit u i allowaooe to only . part of the m o t i i ^ e a y j ^ thereto.
ccwrt
i
select those in most urgent
(To follow
Atl \ vv
CHART
X—MOTHERS' PENSIONS LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES-Contiiiucd.
Conditions on which allowance b granted.
Persons to whom 'allowance
State and date of enactment.
m a y be given.
Nevada. 1 9 1 5 , 1 9 1 7 .
In "Session Laws of Nevada," 1915, ch. 131,
pp. 151-153, and in
"Session Laws of N e vada,"1917, ch. 11, p. 13.
Xew Hampshire. 1 9 1 5 .
In "Session Laws of New
Hampshire," 1915, ch.
132, pp. 171-172.
Jersey. 1 9 1 3 , 1 9 1 5 ,
1919.
In "First Supplement to
the Compiled Statutes
of New Jersey." pp.
1164-1166, and in "Session Laws of New Jersey," 1919, ch. 179, p.
3S0.
tow York. 1 9 1 5 , 1 9 1 6 ,
1917* 1 9 1 9 , 1 9 2 0 *
In "Annotated Consolidated Laws of New
York," 191S(2d ed, b y
Birdseye, Cummin?,
and Gilbert),vol.3.ch,
24, art. 7A, sees. 1481 oof pp. 3332-3335, and
in "Cumulative Supplement,"
1918-1920;
Annotated Consolidated Laws of New Y o r k
(2d ed. by Birdseye,
Cumming and Gilbert), vol. 10, sees.
149-154, pp. 79G-799.
Sorth D a k o t a . 1 9 1 5 .
In ' • Session Laws of
Xorth Dakota," 1915,
ch. lS5,pp.265-2S6.
Outside c m
mother.
Age of child.
Amount of allowance.
Agency granting allowance.
Residence and citizenship.
Economic conditions.
Home conditions.
Mothers—Widowed;
deserted (if deserted for 1
year ): whose husbands are
t otally
i ncaparitated;
whose husbands are in
prison; whose husbands
are in State asylums for tho
insane or feeble-minded.
Mother destitute and dependent on
own eflorts Tor support. Aid necessary to enable mother to remain at
home.
Aid necessary to enable
mother t o maintain home.
Mother a fit person morally
and physically tobrin? up
child.
Child living at
home with mother.
One year in county
Mothers, dependent on own
efforts t o support child.
Mother dependent on own efforts to
support child. Aid necessary to
enable mother to remain at home.
Aid necessary to enable mother to
maintain home. Mother making
earnest effort at self-support.
Mother a fit person morally
and physically to brim: up
child. Child living at
home
with
moth?:.
Mother of pood repute.
T w o years In State.
Under 10 years.. One child, S10 per month; each
additional child, $5 per month.
(State board of education can
increase amount of allowance at
any time either on written
recommendation from town's
school board or personal investigation.)
Mothers, widowed.
Mother unable to support and educate
child properly.
<Aid necessary to
prevent child from becoming a pubUc charge.
Five years i n c o u n t y .
Under 16 years.. One child, $9 per month; two children, $14 per month; each additional child, 14 per month.
• Under 15 years.
i
Mothers—Widowed; whose
husbands are in prison for
5 years or more; whogte
husbands are in State institutions.
Aid nceessary
A i V k V u V w * / to
I V prevent b child
l l l l ' l from
having to be cared for i n an institutional home.
Motheraproperpersonmen
tally, morally,and physically to care for child.
T w o years in county or city;
citizen ol United States;
mother residing in " t y or
countv where sho applies
for allowance; children
born in United States;
husband resident of State
for 2 years preceding demise or commitment: husband declared intention of
becoming a citizen within
5 years prior to demise or
commitment.
Under 16 years.
W o m e n w h o have one or
more children dependent
upon them for support.
Aid necessary to save child from neglect or prevent the breaking u p of
the h o m e ; aid necer>sary to enable
woman to remain at home.
W oraan afit pej^oo morally,
mentally, and physically
t o bring up child: child
living at home with the
woman.
One year in c o u n t y .
Under 14 years.
Mothers—W idowod;
deserted (if deserted lor 3
years); whose husbands
are totally incapacitated;
whose husbands are i n
prison.
Aid necessary to save child from neglect and to prevent the breaking u p
o f t h e h o m e ; aid necessary to enable
mother t o remain at home; mother
must n o t b e receiving wajres from
imprisoned husband sufficient t o
support child.
Mother afit person morally,
f^llXS1' ^Physically
child; chllS
One child, $25 per month; each Allowance m a y b e discontinued or
modified at a n y tune at the disadditional child, $15 per month;
cretion of county commissioners.
maximum foronefamily, $55per
month.
Amount not specified, but must
not exceed wkUt would cast to
care for child in an institutional
home.
may
plies).
Oklahoma. 1 9 1 5 .
In "Supplement t o t h e
Revised Laws of Oklahoma of 1910," c h . 58,
art. I B , sees. 4530h4i50p, p p . 595-600.
Mothers—Widowed; whose
husbands are in State
prisons; whose husbands
. are in State asylums for
t h e insane or lecbletninded. ( I f father Iff In
prison or asylum he must
be lawful husband of
mother.)
Aid necessary t o save child from neglect and prevent the breaking u p of
t h e home; aid necessary t o enable
,. mother t o remain at home.
t T ^ M b e n e f i t
mother.
Mother m a y be e m ployed a w a y from
home for such periods
as the court or c o u n t y
commissioners m a y
permit.
of
Two years in county
Under 14 years
Source of funds.
State supervision.
District attorney investigates applicants and reports t o commissioners.
County funds.
State board of education on recommendation from town school
board.
Town school board investigates State board of education.,
each applicant and makes recommendations to State board of
education, which can carry on
further investigation.
State funds. (Special appropriation by legislature on recommendation of superintendent of
public institutions.)
Allowance may be modified or revoked at any time at the discretion of the court.
Juvenile court or court of common
pleas commits child to State board
of children's guardians.
State board of children's guardi- State board of children's
; ans or some other agency desigguardians.
I nated by the court must mvesti• gate applicants and report to the
• court which holds hearings.
After allowance is granted State
; board of children's guardians
; must supervise family, visiting
them at least six times a year.
County funds.'
If allowanceis to continue more than
6 months, i t must be renewed b y
board of .child welfare. Allowance may be modified or discontinued at any time b y board of
child welfare; allowance m a y be
revoked at any time b y State
board of charities.
Board of child welfare (board in
counties is composed of seven unpaid members, t w o of whom must
be women appointed b y the
county judge for terms of 6 years).
The county superintendent of the
poor is member, ex,officio. When
a c i t y comprises more than one
county, board consists of 10 unpaid
members, 3 of whom must be
women appointed b y the mayor
for terms of 9 years. The city
commissioner of public charities is
a member ex officio.
Board of child welfare appoints
agents-to investigate all applicants and supervise families to
whom allowance is granted.
County funds.; (Appropriated b y
"local authorities" after boards
! of child welfare have submitted
estimate.) ("Localauthorities"
may put on additional tax to
raise money,' " L o c a l authorit i e s " is equivalent t o county
boards of supervisors or city
boards of aldermen or estimate
and apportionment.)
County commissioners.,
.
State board of charities..
per montn.
ditional child, $5 P& ® o n i f l *
If allowanceis to continue more than
6 months, it must be renewed b y
court. Allowance m a y be modified or discontinued at any time at
discretion of court. Allowance
shflM cease when child reaches age
at which employment certificate is
granted.
Juvenile court-
Allowance may be modified at any
time at discretion of county court.
County court.
County funds.
Probation officers, officers of the
associated charities or the humane society, or county sheriff
may investigate applicants if so
designated b y the court and supervise families t o which allowances are granted*
County funds. (County commissioners may levy tax to one-fifth
of a mill on the dollar to provide
this sum.) 9
County funds. (County commissioners may appropriate funds
not to exceed
000 per annum.
County excise board m a y levy
tax to provide this sum.)
with
•Should fund authorized b e sufficient to permit an allowance t o only a part of t h e mothers entitled thereto, the court shaU select those in
ditional child,
T w o years in c o u n t y .
Investigation and suspension of
cases.
Allowance m a y be modified or dis- Count y court, which holds hearings. „
" continued at any time"at discre-*
tion of court; "
1914,1915,
In "General Code o f
Ohio, Page's Compact
Edition," 1920, sees,
1 6 3 2 - 2 - 1 p p .
1154-1156.
Administration.
lb:.,
.t :
•
Continuance of allowance
most urgent need.
52250°—21.
( T o follow page 49.)
N o . 9.
CHART X.—MOTHERS' PENSIONS LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES—Continued.
Administration.
Conditions on which allowance Is granted.
State and date of enactment
1913, 1915,
Oregon
1 9 117.
7.
I n " Oregon Laws," 1920,
ch. 15, sees. 3322-3342,
pp. 1577-1580.
Pennsylvania.^ 1919.
In "Session Laws of
Pennsylvania," 1919,
No.354, pp. 893-898.
Persons to whom allowance
may be given.
Home conditions.
Economic conditions.
Outside employment of
mother.
Amount of allowance.
Continuance of allowance.
Residence and citizenship.
Agency granting allowance.
Investigation and suspension of
Mothers—Widowed; whose Mother dependent on own efforts for
support; mother must prove that
husbands are totally incashe was not in indigent circumpacitated; whose husstances when she came Into the
bands are in State prisons;
State; mother must prove that she
whose husbands are in
did not deprive herself of any inState asylums for the income in order to obtain aid; mother
sane or feeble-minded.
may own a homestead if it does not
(No assistance to illegitiexceed 1500 in value, unless after
mate children.)
special investigation the court
allows more; allmembers of family
over lSyears of age must be working
and contributing a fair share to the
family expenses.
Mother a fit person mentally, morally, and physically to bring up child;
child living at homo with
mother.
One year in county: three
ears in State; citizen of
le United States (father
must be citizen of the
United States and of the
State of Oregon).
Under 16 years.
Mothers—Widowed; whose Aid necessary to maintain a home.,
husbands are m State asylums for the insane or feeble-minded. (Aid maybe
given for an unborn child
if mother is already receiving assistance under the
act.)
Mother of proper character
and ability to bring up
child. Child must attend
school.
One year in county; two
years in State. (Residence in county if once established is not lost by absence of less than one
year.)
Under 16 years.. One child, $20 per month; each ad- Allowance may be modified or with- County board of trustees of mothers'
Board of trustees must investigate
ditional child, $10 per month.
drawn at any time at discretion of
assistance fond. (Hoard is comall applicants.
the board. Allowance may l>e
posed of 5 to 7 women residents of
withdrawn when child reachcslethe county appointed bv the tovgal working age, but mav be concmor and serving without comtinued if child is in school' with satpensation.)
isfactory record or is physically
unable to work.
South
Dakota* 1913*
1915, 1917, 1919di- Aid necessary to save child from neg- Mother a fit person morally, Mother may bo emIn "Revised Code of Mothers—Widowed;
lect and prevent breaking up of
vorced (if divorce was
South Dakota," 1919,
ployed away from
mentally, and physically
home. Aid necessary to enable
granted in State at least
sees. 10023-10030, pp.
home one day per
to bring up child. Child
mother toremainat home. Mother
one year prior to date of ap2604-2606, and in "Sesweek.
living at home with mothmust not be receiving wa#s from
plication); whose husbands
sion Laws of South Daer. For the benefit of
imprisoned husband sufficient to
,are totally incapacitated;
kota," 1919, ch. 263, pp.
child to remain with
support child.
whose husbands are in
303-309.
mother.
State prison.
Tennessee. 1919.
In "Session Laws of Ten- Mothers—Widowed; whose Aid necessary to save child from neg- Mother a fit person mentally,
husbands are in State pennessee," 1919, ch. 119,
lect and prevent the breaking up of
morally, and physically to
itentiary or asylums.
pp. 340-342.
home. Aid necessary toenable
bring up child. Child livmother to remain at home Aid
ing at home with mother.
necessary to maintain home.
For the benefit of child to
remain with mother.
Texas. 1917.
In "Complete Texas Stat- Mothers—Widowed.
Mother unable to support child and
utes," 1920,sees. 62851mamtarn home. Aid necessary to
62S5ig, pp. 1097-1098.
Utah. 1917, 1919.
In "Compiled Laws of Mothers—Widowed.,
Utah," 1917, title 68,
sees. 3960-3968, pp. 840841, and in "Session
Laws of Utah," 1919,
ch. 77, pp. 257-260, and
in "Session Laws of
Utah," special session,
1919, ch. 12, p. 20.
Mother dependent on own efforts for
support. Mother must pSvTshe
a
s
s
b
main at home. Aid X J S
mkabSSS
Vermont. 1917.
In u The General Laws of
Vermont," 1917, sec.
7287, p. 1236, and sees.
7308-7313, pp. 12401241.
Age of child.
Mothers—Widowed;
serted.
One child, $10 per month; each ad- Allowance may bo modified at any Juvenile or county court.
time at the discretion of court.
ditional child, $7.50 per month;
Allowance shall cca.se when child
maximum to one family, $40 per
roachcs age at which employment
month. (Court may pay allowcertificate is granted. If wages do
ance to some other person to bo
not equal maximum amount of
expended for needs of the family
assistance court may make up
if mother is improvident.)
difference. Allowance shall cca.se
if mother leaves county without
consent of court. Allowance shall
cease if monthly expense account
which mother must render court
Is unsatisfactory. Allowanccshall
cease if court order to remove incapacitated father is not complied
Six months in county; one
year in State.
Under 16 years.. One child, $15 per month; each ad- If allowance is to continuo more than
County court.
ditional child, |7 per month."
6 months it must be renewed by
court. Allowance may be modified or discontinued at any time at
the discretion of the court.
Two years m county; citizen of the United States.
Under 15 years.
Two years in county; five
years in State.
Under 16 years.. One child, $12 per month; 2 children, $18 per month; each additional child, $4 per month.
Two years in county.
Under 16 years.. Maximum for one family, $40 per
month.
County funds.
State supervisor Appointed County and State funds. {State
appropriation divided among
bv governor at salary of
counties in ratio of their popula$2,400 per annum. Supervisor hassalaned assisttion. County must provide
ant and derk t o aid her
equal sum.) 11
i n investigation and supervision of all eas«w. Rets annually to State
rd of education and
gen era 1 aswm bl y.
Endeavors through pcrwnal
visits to get accepted by
county commissioners.*»
C
County commi^iomrs or some
other comj>ctcnl person dejirnated by the court mu*t investigate all applicant* and report to
the court.
County funds* (County commissioners may levy tax not to exceed one-sixth of a mill on the
dollar.)"
One child, $10 per month; each ad- Allowance may be modified or disCounty court.
ditional child, $5 per month.
continued at any time at tho discretion of the court. Allowance
shall cease If mother remarries. Allowance shall cease if father Is released from institution.
Allowance mav be revoked at any County commissioners, who hold
time at the discretion of the county
hearings and act oa allowance.
commissioners.
County funds. (County
may levy tax not to t u r n 3
mills on the dollar annually-)
County commissioners must supervise families to whom allowance is granted.
County funds.
Allowance may be modified at any County commissioners. ,
time at tho discretion of the county
commissioners. Allowance shafl
cease if monthly report which
mother must render county commissioners is unsatisfactory
County funds. (Coonty
sionem must p n ^ J J ® ? ^
carry out this law. Amount n^
count v except in
may be
J;^trathese sums to go for administrative purposes)11
£
debe dependent or neglected e o u r
Mother a fit person morally,
mentally, and physically
t o bring up child. Child
living at home with
mother.
S
Source of funds.
State supervision.
to
Mother a proper person to
bring up child. For the
benefit of child to remain
with mother.
Each child, $2 per week.
Stfit^b0f{?
» State supervisor has power to maVo rules and
L* oJuould fund authorized ^
—j•
p a r i t i e s and probation. (Board is composed of five
members, one of whom must be a
woman, appoin ted by the governor
ror 5-year terms and serving without compensation.)
State board of c h a r i t y and
correction.
an allowance to only a part of the mothers entitled thereto, the the court shall select those in most urgent
State and town M j ^ f
pays half; town p»?s
need.
(TofoBowpogatf.) No. 10-
0
^
CHART
X.—MOTHERS' PENSIONS LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES—Concluded.
Conditions on which allowance is granted.
State and date of enactment.
Y&finta. 1918.
In"Session Laws of \ irginia," 191S, ch. 80, pp.
137-13S.
Washington.
1915,
1919.
In "Pierce's Annotated
State of Washington
Code," 1919, sees. 44194424, pp. 1287, 12SS.
Persons to whom allowance | may be given.
Mothers, widowed.
Mothers, who are needy.
West Virginia. 1917.
deInl* Hogg's West Virginia Mothers—Widowed:
serted; whose husbands
Code Annotated," 1914,
are totally incapacitated;
sees. 722m-722x, pp.
whose husbands are in
197-199.
some State institution.
(Must be mother of two or
more children.)
Wisconsin. 1917,1919.
deIn''Wisconsin Statutes/' Mothers—Widowed;
serted (if for 6 months and
1919, vol. 1, sec. 4S.33,
roceedings instituted);
pp. 514-515.
ivorofxl: whose husbands
are totally incapacitated;
whose husbands an; in
penal institutions (for on*
year or more); grandparents; persons having custody of dependent child.
S
Wyoming 1917.
In1'Session Laws of W y - Mothers—Wid owed;
deoming," 1917, eh. 38, pp.
serted (if deserted for 1
33-33.
year); whose husbands are
1
totally i n c a p a c i t a t e d ;
whose husbands are in
prison.
Economic conditions.
Home conditions.
Outside employment of
mother.
Mother by reason of destitution, insufficient incomc or property or lack of
earning capacity unable to support
child. Aid necessary' to enable
mother to maintain home.
Mother a fit person morally,
mentally, and physically
to bring up child. Child
living at home with
mother.
Aid necessary to save child from neglect. Aid necessary to enable
mother to remain at home. Mother
may not own real or personal property other than household goods.
Mother may not he receiving benefits
from the workmen's compensation
funds. Maybe no relatives able to
contribute to the support of the child
on amount equal to the amount of
tho aid.
Mother a fit person morallv, Mother may be employed away from
mentally, and physically
home for such periods
to bring up child. Mother
as the court may permay not allow any adult
mit.
not a member of the immediate family to live in the
bonis. Child living at
homo with mother. Child
attending school and rccfivine satisfactory report.
For the welfare of the child
to remain at home.
Person fit and proper moralj y and physically to bring
up child. Child living at
home with person.
Aid necessary to save child from neglect and to prevent tho breaking up
of the home. Aid necessary to enable mother to remain at home.
Mother a fit person morally
and physically to bring up
child. Child living at
home with mother. Tor
benefit of child to remain
at home.
If tho judge thinks it for
the welfare of the family mother may be
from home a si
number of hours per
week.
Mother may be employed away from
far sucfi period*
as the board may permit.
Eome
Amount of allowance.
Continuance of allowance.
Residence and citizenship.
Two years in city or county; Under 16 years.
three years in State.
Aid necessary to enablo mother to sup- Mother a suitable guardian
to bring up child.
port child and maintain home. Aid
necessary to prevent child from becoming a public charge.
Person may not own real or personal
property other than homestead, the
the rental of which does not exceed
the amount the family would have
to pay for living quarters. Person
rnav not be receiving any other form
of public relief. Aid likely to continue for a year or more.
Administration.
Age of child.
One child, 112 per month; two chil- Allowance may be modified or revoked at any time at the discredren, $18 per month; each addition of the attorney for the Comtional child, 54 per month.
monwealth. Allowance shall cease
if mother remarries. Allowance
shall cease if any change in family
circumstances makes aid unnecessary.
Source- of funds.
Agency granting allowance.
Investigation and suspension of
County boards of supervisors; city
councils.
Attorney for the Commonwealth
must investigate all applicants
and hold hearings. If allowance
is granted, he must supervise
family.
County or city funds.
Juvenile or superior court.
Prosecuting attorney must cause
investigation to be made of each
applicant by the probation offi cer,
chanty commissioner, or other
competent^ person. Hearings
County funds. (County commissioners appropriate sum out of
general revenue funds.)
County court causes a member to
investigate each applicant and
report and recommend to the
court, which holds hearings.
County funds. (Sheriff must pay
on order from court.)
State supervision.
One year in county; three
years in State.
Under 15 years.. One child, $15 per month; each ad- Allowance may be modified or discontinued at any time at the disditional child, $5 per month.
cretion of court.
Three years in county; five
years in State; citizen of
the United States. (Another section of the law
specifies 2 y e a r s i n
county.)
Under 13 years.
Two children, $15 per month; each Allowance may be extended at the County courtdiscretion of the court until the
additional child, $5 per month;
child is 16 years old if the child is ill
maximum for one family, $25
or incapacitated for work. Allowper month.
ance can be discontinued or modified at any time during this threeyear period.
One year in county.
Under 14 years.
One child, $15 per month; each ad- If allowance is to continue more than Juvenile or county court on report of Board of child welfare must in- State board of control.
one year it must be renewed by
vestigate each applicant and reditional child, $10 per month;
board of child welfare. • (Board
court on recommendation of board.
port to the court. If allowance
piaTiTnum for one family. In
consists of three unpaid members
is granted, board must supervise
Allowance may be discontinued or
counties having less than 300,000
appointed by the judge of the court
family.
reduced at any time by court on
population, $10 per month, in
for indeterminate terms.)
recommendation b y board. Allowcounties havingmorethan300,000
ance may be extended until child
population,JoOpermonth. (Aid
is 16 years old if child is unable to
may be increased above maxiobtain employment certificate.
mum at the discretion of the
court in emergency cases where
there is only one child.)
If allowance is to continue for more
One year in county. (Hus- Under 14 years.. One child $20 per month; each adthan six months, it must be reditional child, $10 per month.
band must have been a
newed by board
resident of the State at the
time of his death or when
he became incapacitated
or was imprisoned or when
he deserted his family.)
Board of county commissioners-
Member of board of county commissioners or an agent of the
board must investigate all applicants and report to board which
holds hearings. If allowance is
granted either a member or an
agent of the board must supervise family.
State and county funds. (County
board appropriates sum for
general revenue fund. State reimburses county for one-third.
The whole sum may not exceed
$1 for each 30 inhabitants.
Towns, cities, and villages are
given power to levy taxes to raise
the sum necessary.)
County funds. (Appropriated by
county commissioners.)
52230°—21. (To follow page 49.) No. 11.
8 H HOURS
10 HOURS
\0X HOURS
11 HOURS
l HOfNftOO BALTIMORE.MP
54 HOURS
57 HOURS
70 HOURS
NO LIMITATION
A HO FNft00. BALTIMORE, M D.
I
PROHIBITION
THAN ONE
TION
IN M O R E
OCCUPA-
P R O H I B I T I O N IN M A N U FACTURING ONLY
P R O H I B I T I O N IN MER
CANTILE ONLY
* HOCNftCO BALTIMORE,MD
MINIMUM
WAGE
LAWS
FOR
WOMEN
IOWA
NEBR
KANS
T ENN
OKLA
M A N D A T O R Y LAW.
R A T E S FIXED BY
...
'
»
•
M A N D A T O R Y LAW.
RATES F I X E D BY
LAW
LAW N O T M A N D A T O R Y .
RATES FIXED BY C O M
MISSION
~
A WOfN a CO BALTIMORE MD
SEE
NEXT
PAGE
FOR
KEY
TO
THIS
MAP
A.HOiNft00. BALTIMORE, MD
MOTHERS' PENSIONS LAWS.
Key to map on preceding page:
1. Parents—
Needy and with dependent children.
2. W o m e n -
Needy and with dependent children.
3. Mothers-
Needy and with dependent children.
4. MothersWidowed.
Deserted or divorced.
Husband in a State institution or totally incapacitated.
Mothers—
Widowed.
Deserted or divorced.
Unmarried.
Husband in a State institution.
6- Mothers—
Widowed.
Deserted.
Husband totally incapacitated.
Mothers—
Widowed.
Husband in a State institution.
Husband totally incapacitated.
Mothers—
Widowed.
Husband in a State institution.
MothersWidowed.
Husband totally incapacitated.
1 Mothers.
Widowed or deserted.
Mothers—
Moth.
LU
f its law to grandmoineni ^
* r
grandparents and persons having custody of dependent child.
O
51
@FedFRASER