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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
FRANCES PERKINS, Secretary
WOMEN’S BUREAU
FRIEDA S. MILLER, Director
+
STATE LABOR LAWS FOR WOMEN
WITH WARTIME MODIFICATIONS
DECEMBER 15, 1944
PART III:
ANALYSIS OF—
REGULATORY LAWS
sm i zavh
PROHIBITORY LAWS
MATERNITY LAWS
Bulletin or the Women’s Bureau, No. 202-III
E
m
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1945
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office
Washington 25, D. C. - Price 5 cent#
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
United States Department
of
Labor,
Women’s Bureau,
Washington, February 14, 1945.
Madam- I have the honor to transmit a report summarizing in
legal-chart form, State by State, certain laws for women—m some
cases for minors of both sexes—as of December 15, 1944. The laws
covered are those dealing with weight lifting and some other condi
tions of work; prohibited employment; and regulations governing
employment before and after childbirth.
,
,
The report includes the numerous modifications of the laws due to
war-emergency or other amendments, the recording of which is
essential for historic as well as present purposes.
The bulletin is part of a series now in the final stages of preparation
that summarizes, in addition to the topics covered here, hour legis
lation, sanitary and other plant facilities, and industrial home v»oik.
The charts have been submitted to the various States for approval.
For the courtesy of their examination and comment I extend to the
State authorities my grateful thanks. .
.
,
With the exception of the maternity laws, the research and
compilation are the work of Mary Loretta Sullivan of the Division
of Labor Legislation and Administration. The chart on maternity
laws was prepared by Sara L. Buchanan of the same division.
Respectfully submitted.
_,
r.. .
Frieda S. Miller, Director.
Hon.
Frances Perkins,
Secretary of Labor.
CHART I—LAWS GOVERNING WEIGHT LIFTING AND CERTAIN
OTHER CONDITIONS OF WORK
[Note.—Entries preceded by asterisk are applicable only to persons under 21 years of age]
Alabama. No law.
Alaska. No law.
Arizona.
Code annotated 1989, sec. 56-319
No female shall be employed in any capacity where employment compels
constant standing.
Arkansas. No law.
California.
Labor code (Decring) 1937, sec. 1151
No female employee shall be permitted to lift a receptacle which with its con
tents weighs SO pounds or over.1
M, sec. m0
If receptacle -which with its contents weighs SO pounds or over is to be moved
by female employee it must be equipped with pulleys, casters, or other contriv
ances so that it can be moved easily.1
Ibid., sec. 1253
No female employee is permitted to carry up or down a stairway rising more
than 5 feet from its base any receptacle which with its contents weighs 10 pounds
or more.
Industrial welfare commission orders:
No. 18—Any trade, occupation, or industry. {1982)
No. 3 NS—Canning and preserving. (1943)
No woman or female minor shall be required or permitted to lift or carry any
burden in excess of 25 pounds.1 Exemption: Commission may give exemption
in writing if it is satisfied after investigation that enforcement of rule works undue
hardship on employer and does not materially increase comfort, health, or safety
of employees. During the present national emergency, State s war production
act authorizes governor to issue permits to employers if inspection shows that
relaxation of order’s requirements is essential to the war effort.
Colorado. No law.2
Connecticut. No law.
Delaware. No law.
District of Columbia. No law.
Florida. No law.
Georgia. No law.
Hawaii. No law.
Idaho. No law.
Illinois. No law.
Indiana. No law.
jowa
Code 19S9, sec. 15S8
*No female under 21 years of age shall be employed in any capacity whore
duties compel constant standing.
Kansas. No law.3
Kentucky.
Revised statutes 1944,
389.150
*No female under 21 years of age shall be employed or permitted to work at
any occupation that compels her to remain standing constantly.
For footnotes see end of chart.
632544°—45
1
2
STATE LABOR LAWS FOR WOMEN
CHART I.—LAWS GOVERNING WEIGHT LIFTING AND CERTAIN
OTHER CONDITIONS OF WORK—Continued
Louisiana.
General statutes (Dart) 19S2, see. 4SS5
No woman or minor employed in a factory, mill, or workshop shall be required
to clean any part of the mill, gearing, or machinery while the same is in motion.
Maine. No law.
Maryland. No law.
Massachusetts.
General laws 19SI, eh. 149, sec. SS
Boxes, baskets and other receptacles weighing with their contents 75 pounds or
over which are to be moved by female employees in airy manufacturing or me
chanical establishment shall be provided with pulleys or casters connected with
such boxes or other receptacles, so as to be moved easily from place to place in
such establishments.4
Department of labor and industries. Rules * * * relating (0 • • *
employment of women in core rooms. Industrial Bui. No. 10, sec. SO. (191,0) ■
No female shall be permitted to lift any core or number of cores upon one plate
the total cubical contents of which exceeds 1 cubic foot, or the total weight of
which, including plate, core box or boxes, exceeds 25 pounds, unless assisted by
mechanical appliances that limit her physical effort to 25 pounds.4
No female shall be permitted to work on any core the total cubical contents
of which exceeds 2 cubic feet, or the total weight of which, including plate core
box or boxes, exceeds 60 pounds.4
Ibid.., secs. 68-29
Where rooms in which core ovens are located adjoin rooms in which cores are
made by females, and in which the making and baking of cores are simultaneous
operations, and where the process generates objectionable gases, smoke and
fumes in the room in which cores are made by females, the department at its
discretion may require that a suitable partition be erected or other suitable means
adopted to prevent such objectionable gases, smoke and fumes in the room in
which cores are made by females. Such partitions, when installed by order of
the department, shall be constructed of concrete, hollow tile, brick, metal or
other material approved by the department of labor and industries, and there
shall be in such partition such openings as are required by the nature of the business.
All openings in such partitions, when installed by order of the department
between the core-oven room and the room in which females are employed shall
be vestibuled with a revolving device or double doors which shall be self-closing
or any other self-closing device, equally effective, which shall be approved by
the department of labor and industries. Such device shall be kept in such con
dition that gases, fumes and smoke shall be effectually trapped and excluded
from the core room.4
Michigan. 8
Compiled laws 199.9. sec. $JiJ
No female shall be employed in operating polishing wheels, belts, buffers, etc
in any basement or room which is wholly or partly beneath the surface of the
ground.7
Department of labor andi ndustry. Regulations on employment of women, Bui. L-50. (1948 )
No woman shall be required to lift more than 35 pounds or to carry more than
20 pounds when ascending stairs. Overhead lifting or stacking by women is pro
hibited.
Idem
Approval of commissioner of labor must be obtained to employ women iii
foundries or in the handling of such harmful substances as lead, benzine, carbon
disulphide, mercury, etc., or in arc welding, dry grinding, or in occupations gener
ally considered hazardous.
Minnesota.
Statutes 1941, sec. 188.64
No female shall be employed in placing cores into ovens or in taking cores out
of ovens.
Ibid., sec. 188.65
No female employed in a core-making room shall be permitted to make or
handle cores the total weight of which exceeds 25 pounds.
Ibid., sec. 186.09
No woman shall be required or permitted to oil or clean moving machinery.
For footnotes see end of chart.
3
REGULATORY LAWS
CHART I.—LAWS GOVERNING WEIGHT LIFTING AND CERTAIN
OTHER CONDITIONS OF WORK—Continued
Mississippi.
No law.
Missouri.
Revised statutes 1939, sec. 10184
No woman or minor shall be required to clean any part of the mill, gearing, or
machinery while it is in motion.
Idem.
No woman shall be required to work between the fixed and traversing or the
traversing parts of any machine in motion by the action of any mechanical power
except the machine she is operating.
Montana. No law.
Nebraska. No law.
Nevada. No law.
New Hampshire. No law.
Department of labor. Safety standards for
New Jersey.
lead corroders and oxidizers, sec. 8. {1917)
No female of any age shall be permitted to handle any dry substance or dry
compound containing lead in any form in excess of 2 percent.
New Mexico. No law.
New York.8
Sessionlaws 1938, ch. 657
No female shall be employed in operating or using any emery, tripoli, rouge,
corundum, stone, carborundum, or any abrasive, or emery polishing or buffing
wheel, where articles of the baser metals or iridium are manufactured. Exemption:
Females over 21 years of age may be employed in operating such wheels for wet
grinding under conditions specified by the rules of the board of standards and
appeals.
Consolidated laws (Cahill) 1930, ch. S3, sec. 383
No female shall be employed in the basement of a mercantile establishment or
restaurant unless a permit is granted by the labor commissioner. Permit will be
granted only if basement is sufficiently lighted, ventilated, and sanitary.
Ibid., sec. 146(7)
*No female under 21 years of age shall be employed or directed to clean machin
ery while it is in motion.
Ibid., sec. 147
No female shall be employed in a foundry at or in connection with the making
of cores, where an oven in which the cores are baked is in operation in the same
room or space in which the cores are made. A partition separating the oven
from the space where the cores are made shall not be sufficient, unless the partition
extends from floor to ceiling and is so constructed and the openings therein so
protected that gases and fumes from the core oven will not enter the space in
which women are employed. Board of standards and appeals may adopt rules
regulating the construction, equipment, maintenance, and operation of core
rooms and the size and weight of cores that may be handled by women.
Department of labor. Rules relating (o'** foundries. Industrial code rule No. 10. (1943)
No female shall be permitted to make or handle cores when the combined
weight of core, core box, and plate exceeds 25 pounds, nor to handle cores having
a temperature of more than 110° F.
North Carolina. No law.
North Dakota. No law.
Ohio.
Code (Throckmorton) 1940, sec. 1008-1; session laws 1943, S.nB. ltd
Females may not be employed in employments requiring frequent or repeated
lifting of weights over 25 pounds. During the present war emergency maximum
weight to be lifted is fixed at 35 pounds.
Ibid., sec. 1S006
*No female under 21 shall be engaged or permitted to work at an employment
which compels her to remain standing constantly while on duty."
For footnotes ste end of chart.
4
STATE LABOR LAWS FOR WOMEN
CHART I.—LAWS GOVERNING WEIGHT LIFTING AND CERTAIN
OTHER CONDITIONS OF WORK—Continued
Oklahoma.
No law.
Wage and hour commission. Order No. IS—Weight lifting. (/9i*)
Oregon.
No woman or girl shall be required to lift more than 25 pounds dead weight in
any occupation, trade, or industry nor shall she be required or permitted to lift
and carry any article or receptacle weighing more than 15 pounds for a distance
of more than 10 feet in any occupation, trade, or industry. During present
national emergency, order has been rescinded by commissioner (letter to
Women’s Bureau dated Aug. 26, 1944).
.
Pennsylvania.
'
Department of labor and. industry. Regulations affecting employment of women. (19/f3 and amendments.)
Women may be employed in the setting up of blue beds in the corroding stacks
of the Old Dutch Process only if such buckles or lead plates as are used have not
previously been corroded.
Women may not be employed—•
In plants manufacturing explosives and chemicals unless conditions specified in
labor department’s regulation are met. Laboratory work in such plants is
permitted.
In paint grinding, lead corroding and lead oxidizing, and the dry color industry—
handling any dry substance or dry compounds containing lead in any form in
excess of 2 percent. During war emergency, labor department after inspection
may permit such employment for females over 21 years of age.
In manufacture of nitro and amido compounds, secretary of labor and industry
may grant permit for the employment of women over 18 years of age, if a
scientific investigation by department shows conclusively “that exposure to the
compounds in question does not exist.”
In foundries—handling cores which have a temperature of more than 110° F.
As crane operators except where labor secretary approves application of employer.
During war emergency, labor department may grant, permission for the em
ployment of women over 21 years of age on certain types of cranes if conditions
specified in the regulations are met.
At welding and cutting operations other than those specified in the regulations or
prescribed by the industrial board from time to time. During war emergency,
labor department may grant permission for the employment of women over
18 years of age in acetylene cutting or electric arc welding. Conditions specified
in the regulations must be met.
Philippine Islands.
Session laws less, Ad 307S, sec. 6
It is unlawful to employ women in factories, shops, and similar places of labor
where the nature of the work requires the employee to work always standing.
Puerto Rico. No law.
Rhode Island. No law.
South Carolina. No law.
South Dakota. No law.
Tennessee. No law.
Texas. No law.
Utah.
Industrial commission. Standards for women
and children in industry. (1937)
No woman or girl shall be required or permitted to lift any burden in excess of
30 pounds or to carry any burden in excess of 15 pounds.
Vermont. No law.
Virginia. No law.
Industrial welfare committee orders:
No. 30—Working conditions in manufacturing or
other mercantile establishments. (1922)
No. 38—Canning. (19i2)
No. 39—Fruit and vegetable packing. (1942)
Washington.
No woman or minor shall be required or permitted to lift (No. 30 adds “or
carry”) an excessive burden.
For footnotes see end of chart.
REGULATORY LAWS
5
CHART I.—LAWS GOVERNING WEIGHT LIFTING AND CERTAIN
OTHER CONDITIONS OF WORK—Continued
West Virginia. No law.
Wisconsin. No law.
Wyoming. No law.
1 ^
potation in industrial welfare commission order No. 18 in practice superseded the maxi
mum nxea ny statute.
JJjf Col«™do minimum-wage act empowers the industrial commission to ascertain and determine stand
ards of conditions of labor and hours of employment not detrimental to health or morals for -women and
minors (Statutes annotated 1835, eh. 82, see. 241).
employ^women in any industry or occupation under conditions of labor detrisel 44m!
more hours ln a <lay than is —ant with their hea]tl1
4 During present war emergency, labor commissioner is authorized to suspend application or operation of
any provis'on of the labor statute, or of any rule or regulation made thereunder, regulating, limiting, or pro
hibiting the employment of women or minors, in such instances and for such periods of time as lie deems
suspension necessary (Session laws 1943, ch. 382).
5 These rules were adopted in conformity with the statute authorizing the department to investigate
(Greneran1Sawsl93^
6*7* 4
chT49leem54)0yed and t0makGriJeS regulating the employment of women therein
6 The Michigan equal-pay statute provides that “no female shall he given any task disproportionate to
her strength, nor shall she be employed m any place detrimental to her morals, her health, or her potential
capacity foi motherhood (Compiled laws 1929, sec. 8497 reenacted in 1931, ch. 328, sec. 55(1).
7 interpretation of State attorney general, opinion dated May 5, 1932.
6 ^ ,n<je.r
Wiir emergency act, commissioner of labor has authority to grant dispensations to employers
engaged m w ar work v ho apply for permit, if he deems a waiver of the law's restrictions necessary to speed
up war production. Commissioner in granting dispensation must consider health and welfare of workers
(Session laws: 1942, ch. 544, art. 8: 1943, chs. 171 and 315; 1944, ch. 412).
s
# Session laws 1943 (S. B. 126) makes inapplicable for the duration of the war emergency.
CHART II.—PROHIBITED-EMPLOYMENT LAWS
[Note.—Entries preceded by asterisk are applicable only to persons under 21 years of age['
Alabama.
Code 1940. title 26, see. 153
No woman of any age shall be employed to work or labor in or about a coal
mine.
Alaska. No law.
Arizona.
Code annotated 1939, sec. 56-319
No female shall be employed or suffered to work in or about a mine, quarry,
or coal breaker.
Arkansas.
Digest [Pope) 1937, sec. 9321
No female of any age shall be permitted to enter any mine to work therein.
California.
General laws (Peering) 1937, Act 3796, sec. 564
No female may be employed in mixing alcoholic beverages containing distilled
spirits on premises used for the sale of such beverages for consumption on the
premises. Exemptions: Licensee or wife of licensee.
Ibid. sec. 6G
*No person under 21 years of age may be employed or used in or on that por
tion of premises used for the sale and service of alcoholic beverages for con
sumption on the premises.
Colorado.
Statutes annotated 1936, eh. 110, sec. 93
No female shall be employed in or about a coal mine or coke oven except in a
clerical capacity.
Connecticut.
1943 supplement to general statutes, sec. 5Sig
No female, other than the wife or daughter of the proprietor, shall be employed
in any tavern.
Delaware.
Devised code 1935, sec. 3696
*No person under 21 years of age shall be employed in any room wrhere intoxi
cating liquors are sold or dispensed except in an establishment where liquors are
sold for medical or scientific purposes.
District of Columbia. No law.
Florida.
Statutes 191,3, ch. 21996, sec. IS
*No person under 21 years of age shall be employed, permitted or suffered to
work in, about, or in connection with any poolroom, billiard room, brewery,
saloon, barroom, or any place where intoxicating liquors are manufactured or
sold. Exemptions: Professional entertainers 18 to 21 years who are not in school;
drug or grocery stores licensed to sell beer and wine for consumption off the prem
ises; bellboys, elevator boys, and others in hotels if work is apart from portion
of hotel where alcoholic beverages are sold.
Georgia. No law.
Hawaii. No law.
Idaho. No law.
Iliinois. 1
Revised statutes 1945, ch. 93, secs. 27 and 129
No woman or girl shall be permitted to do any manual labor in or about a
mine.
Indiana.
Statutes annotated (Baldwin) 1934, secs. 11074,11062
No female of any age shall be permitted to enter a coal mine for the purpose
of employment therein.
Ibid., sec. 6717
*No boy or girl under the age of 21 years shall be permitted to work in any
public pool or billiard room.
Iowa.
No law.
For footnotes see end of chart.
6
7
PROHIBITORY LAWS
CHART II.— PROHIB1TED-EMPLOYMENT LAWS—Continued
Kansas. No law.
Kentucky.
Revised statutes 1944, see. 144.100
No licensee for the sale of alcoholic beverages at retail for consumption on
the premises shall employ any female for any duties with respect to the sale of
such alcoholic beverages. Exemptions: Waitresses, cashiers, ushers.
Louisiana.
Criminal code (Dart) 19St, sec. 1S67
No female may be employed in any concert hall or saloon where spirituous
liquors, wines, or malt are sold at retail, to distribute, sell, or take orders for such
liquors, wines, or malt among the audience or frequenters of such hall or saloon.
Maine. No law.
Maryland.
Annotated code (Flack) 1939, art. 89. sec. 171
No female shall be employed, permitted, or suffered to work in any capacity
in, about, or in connection with any mine. Exemption: Mine offices.
Ibid., art. 100, sec. 25
*No minor under 21 years of age shall be employed, permitted, or suffered to
■work in, about, or in connection with any saloon or barroom where intoxicating
liquors are sold.
Massachusetts. 2
General laws 1952, ch. 149, sec. 64
♦No person shall employ a minor under 21 or permit him to work in, about,
or in connection with any "saloon or barroom where alcoholic liquors are sold.
Michigan.
No law.
Minnesota.
Statutes 1941, sec. 181.41
♦No girl under 21 years of age may be employed or permitted to work as a
messenger for a telegraph or messenger company.
Mississippi. No law.
Missouri.
Pevised statutes 1959, sec. 14851
No female of any age shall be permitted to enter any mine to work therein.
Montana.
Session laws 1941, ch. 114
*No person under 21 years of age may be employed to serve liquor, beer, or
wine in retail establishments.
Nebraska. No law'.
1
Nevada. No law.
New' Hampshire. No law.
Department, of labor.
Safety standards for the manu-
New Jersey.
factureof nitro and amido compounds, sec. 9 (h). (1917)
The employment of females in the manufacture of nitro and amido compounds
is prohibited. Exemptions: Office, works hospital, or welfare room or building.
New Mexico.
Session laws 1945, ch. 112
*No female under the age of 21 years may be employed as a messenger for a
telegraph, telephone, or messenger company. Exemption: For and during time
this country is at war with a foreign nation, and for 6 months thereafter, certificates
allowing such employment may be issued by the local school superintendent, if
such employment is deemed necessary to the war effort.
New York.3
Consolidated laws (Cahill) 10S0, ch. Si, sec. 146 (6)
No female shall be employed in or in connection with any mine or quarry.
Ibid., sec. I46 (9)
♦No fpmale under 21 years of age shall be employed as a conductor or guard
on any street, surface, electric, subway, or elevated railroad.
J
Ibid., sec. 146 (10)
♦No female under 21 years of age shall be employed as messenger for a telegraph
or messenger company in distributing, transmitting or delivering goods or
messages.
North Carolina. No law.
North Dakota. No law.
For footnotes see end of chart.
8
STATE LABOR LAWS FOR WOMEN
CHART II—PROHIBITED-EMPLOYMENT LAWS—Continued
Code (Throckmorton.) 1940, sec. 1008-1: session laws 1943, S. B. lie
\ he employment of females is prohibited in the following employments or
capacities:
Baggage handling.
Jitney driver.
t Barrooms and saloons or public drink Meter reading (gas or electric),
ing places which cater to male cus f Mines (except in offices),
tomers only aiiid in which substitutes t Molder.
for intoxicating liquors are sold,
Operating freight or baggage elevators,
t Bellhop.
t Poolrooms.
Blast furnaces (except in offices).
tQuarries (except in offices).
Bowling alleys.
Section hand.
Crossing watchman.
Shoe-shining parlors.
Delivery service (wagon or automobile). Smelters (except in offices).
Express driver.
Taxi driver.
Freight handling.
Because of the war emergency, and for the duration, the employments or capaci
ties in which women may not be employed are reduced to the 6' indicated by a t
in thedist above. The 1943 statute makes slight variations in 2 of these 6, viz:
Barrooms and saloons or public drinking places which cater to male
customers only.
Metal molder.
Ibid., sec. 1017 (IS)
No female shall be employed fn operating, assisting to operate, or using any of
the wheels or belts specified in this section of the law.1
Ibid., sec. 11993
*No female under 21 shall be employed in the personal delivery of messages.
During war emergency, age reduced to 18 years.
Oklahoma.
Oklahoma Constitution, art. XXII, sec. 4
Women and girls shall not be employed underground in the operation of mines.
Statutes 1941, title 40, sec. 85
No woman or girl shall be employed or permitted to work underground in any
mine or quarry.
Oregon. No law.
Pennsylvania.
Statutes (Purdon) 1936, title 51, secs. 31, 34
No woman or girl shall be employed or permitted to be (1) In any mine for the
purpose of employment therein; (2) in or about the outside structures or workings
of a colliery for the purpose of employment. Exemption: Employment in an
office or in performance of clerical work at a colliery.
Department of labor and industry. Regulations affecting employment of women.
<1943 and amendments)
The employment of women is prohibited:
In the handling of nitrators during process of manufacture of nitroglycerine in
explosives plants.
In the taking down of blue beds after the process of lead corroding.
At reading or testing meters (water, gas, or electric). During war emergency
women over 25 years of age may be so employed if application is approved by
labor department.
As messengers for railroads in the calling of train crews. During war emergency
labor secretary may permit such employment if calls can be made mechanically
or electrically, making it unnecessary for the women to enter the men’s dor
mitories for the purpose of calling them to duty.
In maintaining fires in hand-fired boiler furnaces. During war emergency, labor
secretary may grant permission for employment of women over 21 years of
age if plant files affidavit showing that proper safeguards have been provided
for the women’s protection.
On railroad tracks or at trucking for railroads. (Provision for war emergency
same as in preceding entry, except that age minimum here is 18 instead "of 21
years.)
Philippine Islands.
Session laws 1936, Ad 1ST, sec. 93
No woman or girl shall be employed underground in any mine.
For footnotes see end of chart.
9
PROHIBITORY LAWS
CHART II.—PROHIBITED-EMPLOYMENT LAWS—Continued
Puerto Rico. No law.
Rhode Island. No law.
South Carolina.
sec. I840
*It shall be unlawful for any person under 21 years to work as an employee or
otherwise in a retail, wholesale, or manufacturing liquor business and for any
person knowingly to employ such person.
South Dakota. No law.
Tennessee. No law.
Texas. No law.
Utah.
supplement to code, sec. 48-4-1
It shall be unlawful for any person to employ a female to work in any mine or
smelter in this State. But for the period of the war emergency and until governor
by official proclamation declares such war emergency at an end, or until April 1,
1945, whichever occurs first, females may be employed at mines in other than
underground work, and in smelters.
Vermont. No law.
Virgin?a.
Code 1942, sec. 1887n
No female of any age shall be permitted to work in or around any mine or quarry.
Ibid., sec. 4075 (42a)
♦No person, firm, or corporation may permit an employee under 21 years of age
to sell, serve, or dispense alcoholic beverages for on-premises consumption.
Washington.
Statutes (Remington) 1931, sec. 8800
No woman or girl shall be employed or permitted to be in any mine, or about
the surface workings of any mine, for the purpose of employment. Exemption:
Clerical or messenger duty about the surface workings as permitted under the
school laws.
Industrial welfare committee order No. S3—Public housekeeping. (1921)
Women may not be employed as bellhops.
West Virginia. No law.
Wisconsin.
Statutes 1948, sec. 103.69
No employer shall employ or permit a female to work in or about a mine or
t'UalT-V-
Idem.
No employer shall employ or permit any girl under 21 years of age to work as:
*Bellhop in hotel.
*Caddy on golf course.
Industrial commission order.
(19SS)
No minor or female shall be employed or permitted to work in any place of
employment where it has been established by court record that such place has
been used as a disorderly house or for the solicitation or bargaining for immoral
purposes; and no minor or female shall be employed by or permitted to work
for any person who has been convicted either as a keeper of a disorderly house,
or as an agent in any capacity for a disorderly house.
Wyoming.
Revised statutes 1931, sec. 80-106
Any person who shall take, receive, hire, or employ any woman or girl or shall
allow or permit her to be in or about any coal, iron, or other dangerous mine or
underground place for the purpose of employment therein or thereabouts shall
be fined $25 to $100. Exemption: Females of suitable age may be employed in
an office or in the performance of clerical work at such mine, colliery, or place.1 2
1 Ary city council, board of trustees, or county board shall have power by general ordinance or resolut ion
to prohibit any woman or minor other than a licensee or wife of a licensee from drawing, pouring, or mixing
any alcoholic liquor, as an employee of a retail licensee (Revised statutes 1943, ch. 43, sec. 110).
2 During present war emergency, labor commissioner is authorized to suspend application or operation
of any provision of the labor statute, or of any rule or regulation made thereunder, regulating, limiting, or
prohibiting the c ployment of women or minors, in such instances and for such periods of time as he deems
suspension necessary (Session laws 1913, ch. 382).
s Under the war emergency act, commissioner of labor Las authority to grant dispensations to employers
engaged in “war work” who apply for permit, if he deems a waiver of the law’s restrictions necessary to
speed up war production. Commissioner in granting dispensation must consider health and welfare of
workers (Session laws: 1942, ch. 544, art. 8; 1943, chs. 171 and 315; 1944, ch. 412).
‘4 Session laws 1943 (S. B. 126) makes inapplicable for the duration of the war emergency.
CHART III.
State
MATERNITY LAWS
REGULATIONS GOVERNING EMPLOYMENT BEFORE AND AFTER CHILDBIRTH
Employment prohibited
Industry or employment
Before childbirth
After childbirth
Employer's responsibility
Other provisions
ALABAMA. No law.
ALASKA. No law.
ARIZONA. No law.
ARKANSAS. No law.
CALIFORNIA. No
law.
General statutes
1930, sec. 5201.
Any factory, mercantile estab
lishment, mill or workshop.
4 weeks.
4 weeks _
General laws 1932,
ch. 149, sec. 55.
MICHIGAN. No law.
MINNESOTA. No law.
MISSISSIPPI. No law.
MISSOURI:
Revised statutes
1939, secs. 10171,
10172.
http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/
Federal Reserve BankA of St. Louis
No owner, proprietor, manager or
foreman, or other person in author
ity in the covered establishments,
shall knowingly employ a woman or
permit her to be employed during
the period specified.
Laboring in mercantile, manu
facturing or mechanical estab
lishment.
2 weeks_____ _
4 weeks...................
Shall not knowingly employ a female
during the period specified.
Regulation must be posted in the
covered establishment.
Manual, physical, stenographic,
or clerical work of any character
in.any manufacturing, mechan
ical, or mercantile establish
ment, factory, workshop,
laundry, bakery, restaurant,
any place of amusement, express,
transportation or public utility
business, common carrier, or
public institution.
3 weeks .
3 weeks—.,
Unlawful for any person, firm, or cor
poration knowingly to employ a
female, or permit her to be employed,
during the period specified.
Violation deemed a misdemeanor.
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4
W OM EN
DELAW ARE. No law.
DISTRICT OF CO
LUMBIA. No law.
FLORIDA. No law.
GEORGIA. No law.
HAWAII. No law.
IDAHO. No law.
ILLINOIS. No law.
INDIANA. No law.
IOWA. No law.
KANSAS. No law.
KENTUCKY. No law.
LOUISIANA. No law.
MAINE. No law.
MARYLAND. No law.
MASSACHUSETTS:
STxVTE LABOR LAW S FOR
COLORADO. No law.
CONNECTICUT:
V
MONTANA. No law.
NEBRASKA. No law.
NEVADA. No law.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
No law.
NEW JERSEY. No law.
NEW MEXICO. Nolaw.
NEW YORK:
Consolidated laws
(Cahill) 1930, ch.
32, sec. 148.
PUERTO RICO:
Session laws 1942, Act
3.
RHODE ISLAND. No
law.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
No law.
SOUTH DAKOTA. No
law.
TENNESSEE. No law.
TEXAS. No law.
UTAH. No law.
’
V
V
4 weeks.
No owner, manager, foreman or other
person in authority shall knowingly
employ a female or permit her to be
employed during the period specified.
Laboring in a factory, shop, or
place of labor of any description.
30 days.
30 days.
Every person, firm, or corporation
owning or managing covered estab
lishments, must grant the specified
maternity leave with pay. If em
ployer discharges the woman with
out just cause, he must pay to her
wages for 2 months from the date of
the discharge.
Any office, commercial or indus
trial establishment, or public
service enterprise (whether paid
through salary, wages, day
wages, or any other kind of com
pensation).
4 weeks.
4 weeks.
Must pay the working mother during
the 8 weeks of rest one-half of her
usual compensation.
On presentation of medical certificate
4 additional weeks allowed without
compensation. The position must
be kept open for the worker.
Cannot discharge her without just
cause. “Just cause” for discharge
does not include decreased work
production due to the pregnancy.
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Violation deemed a misdemeanor.
M A TER N ITY LAW S
NORTH CAROLINA.
No law.
NORTH DAKOTA.
No law.
OHIO. No law.
OKLAHOMA. No law.
OREGON. No law.
PENNSYLVANIA. No
law.
PHILIPPINE IS
LANDS:
Session laws 1923,
Act 3071, sec. 13.
Factory or mercantile establish
ment.
J
CHART IH.—MATERNITY LAWS—REGULATIONS GOVERNING EMPLOYMENT BEFORE AND AFTER CHILDBIRTH—Cont.
to
Employment prohibited
State
Industry or employment
Employer’s responsibility
Other provisions
Laboring in any mill, cannery,
workshop, factory, manufactur
ing or mechanical establishment.
Shall not knowingly employ a woman
during the period specified.
Regulation must be posted in the
covered establishment.
Any manufacturing or other mer
cantile establishment.
No person, firm, association, or corpo
ration shall employ a woman during
the period specified.
Laundry, dry-cleaning, or dyeworks occupations.
No woman shall be knowingly em
ployed during the period specified.
Exceptions maybe granted in cases
where the industrial welfare com
mittee determines that enforce
ment would not materially in
crease employee’s comfort, health
or safety, and would work undue
hardship on the employer. Em
ployer files the application.
Before childbirth
VERMONT:
Code 1933, sec. 6590.
Ibid., No. 25, sec. 4.
(1921)
WEST VIRGINIA. No
law.
WISCONSIN. No law.
WYOMING. No law.
O
STATE LABOR LAW S FOR W O M E N
VIRGINIA. No law.
WASHINGTON:
Industrial welfare
committee order
No. 30, sec. 8. (1922)
After childbirth
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