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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
FRANCES PERKINS, Secretary
WOMEN’S BUREAU
FRIEDA S. MILLER, Director
STATE LABOR LAWS FOR WOMEN
WITH WARTIME MODIFICATIONS
DECEMBER IS, 1944
PART II:
ANALYSIS OF—
PLANT FACILITIES LAWS
Bulletin
of the
Women’s Bureau, No.
202-11
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1945
For sale by the Superintendent ol Documents, U. S. Government Printing Qfiice, Washington 25, D. C.
4
Price 10 cents
33 ^
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Letter of Transmittal
United States Department of Labor,
Women’s Bureau,
Washington, May 15, 19Jf5.
I have the honor to transmit a report summarizing in
legal-chart form, State by State, as of December 15, 1944, the laws
that relate to provision for sanitary and other plant facilities in es
tablishments employing women. The laws covered are those dealing
with seating, lunchrooms, dressing rooms and rest rooms, and toilet
rooms.
This bulletin is part of the series of State labor laws for women,
issued by the Women’s Bureau. The series includes hour laws; laws
prohibiting and regulating certain occupations, and maternity laws;
industrial home-work laws; and the requirements for sanitary and
other plant facilities.
The charts have been submitted to the various States for approval.
For the courtesy of their examination and comment I extend to the
State authorities my grateful thanks.
The research and compilation of the laws are the work of Mary
Loretta Sullivan, of the Division of Labor Legislation and Adminis
tration.
Respectfully submitted.
Madam:
Frieda S. Miller, Director.
Hon. Frances Perkins,
Secretary of Labor.
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES
A.—Seating
State
Number
ALABAMA:
Code 1940, title 26, sec.
337.
ALASKA. No law.
ARIZONA:
Code annotated 1939, secs. At least 2 seats for every 3
66-301, 66-319.
females.
ARKANSAS:
Digest (Pope) 1937, sec.
9082.
Seats sufficient to seat wom
en and girls comfortably.
CALIFORNIA:
Labor code (Deering)
1937, sec. 1253.
Seats for all female employ
ees.
Industrial welfare com
mission, order No. 18—
Sanitary order. (1932.)
Ibid., No. 3 NS—Can
ning and preserving.
(1943.)
Ibid., No. 8 NS—Han
dling farm products
after harvest. (1943.)
For footnotes, see p. 11.
At least 1 seat to every 2
women employed.
At work tables or machines
1 seat must be provided
for every woman or minor
employed, if nature of
work permits.
If in commission’s judgment
the nature of work per
mits, 1 seat must be pro
vided for every woman or
minor employed at a work
table or machine.
Type
Location; use
Coverage
Proper accommodations for women
and girls.
Use to be permitted when employee
is not actively engaged in work of
employment.
Store or shop employing any women or
girl as clerk or saleswoman.
Suitable seats, chairs, or benches___ Placed so as to be accessible to em
ployees.
Use to be permitted when employee
is not necessarily engaged in ac
tive duties of employment.
Mill, factory, workshop, mercantile es
tablishment, tenement house, manu
factory, store, business office, telegraph
or telephone office, restaurant, bakery,
barber shop, apartment house, boot
black stand or parlor, or in the distri
bution or transportation of goods or
messages.
Seats must be conveniently located. _ Manufacturing, mechanical, mercantile,
Use to be permitted during such
or other establishment employing
times as employee is not neces
women or girls.1
sarily required to be on her feet.
Suitable seats.
Use to be permitted when employee Any establishment.
is not engaged in active duties
of employment.
Seats of the proper height................. ___ do._..................... .......................... Any occupation, trade, or industry.
At work tables or machines: Seats
Exemption: Commission may grant ex
must be adjustable and kept so
emption if satisfied after investigation
adjusted to the table or machine
that enforcement of rule works undue
that worker’s position relative to
hardship on employer and does not in
the work is substantially the same
crease comfort, health, or safety of em
whether she is sitting or standing.
ployees.
Such seats must be adjustable and
Canning and preserving industries, i. e.,
kept so adjusted to the table or
any industry or business: (1) cooking,
machine that worker’s position
canning or packing processed fish or
relative to the work is substan
sea food products; (2) smoking, salting,
tially the same whether she is
drying, or curing fish; (3) canning or
sitting or standing.
bottling fruits or vegetables, fruit or
vegetable juices, or soups; (4) preserv
ing, canning, or bottling jams, jellies,
or fruit butters; (5) pickling fruits or
vegetables, canning, packaging, or
bottling vegetable relishes, sauces, or
seasonings; (6) quick-freezing fruits,
vegetables, or other products for ulti
mate delivery in a frozen state to the
consumer.
to
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES—Continued
A.—Seating—Continued
Location; use
Type
Number
CALIFORNIA—Con.
Seats for all women employ-
COLORADO:
Statutes annotated 1935,
ch. 97, sec. 124.
CONNECTICUT:
General statutes 1930, sec.
5212.
DELAWARE:
Revised code 1935, secs.
3633, 3634.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Code 1940, sec. 36-310___
FLORIDA:
Statutes 1941, sec. 448.05.
GEORGIA:
Code 1933, sec. 54-401..
Suitable seats on sets or locations— Seats must be reserved for the use of
women, and the women shall be
permitted to use them when not
engaged in the active duties of
their employment.
Suitable seats for female employees.. Use to be permitted when em
ployee is not necessarily engaged
in active duties of employment.
Seats for all female em
ployees.
At least 1 seat for every 3
females employed at one
time.
Seats for all females.
Suitable seats.
.do..
Industries handling farm products after
harvest, i. e., all industries, trades, or
occupations concerned with the han
dling after harvest of agricultural and
horticultural commodities; preparation
of eggs, poultry, and dairy products.
Extras who act, sing, dance, or otherwise
perform at a wage of not more than $15
a day or $65 a week.
Manufacturing, mechanical or mercan
tile establishment employing females.
Mercantile, mechanical, or manufactur
ing establishment.2
Seats to be conveniently accessible
and use of them permitted.
Mercantile, mechanical, transportation
or manufacturing establishment, laun
dry, baking or printing establishment,
dressmaking establishment, place of
amusement, telephone or telegraph
office or exchange, hotel, restaurant, or
office.
Proper and suitable seats..
Seats, rests, or stools.
To be used as may be necessary----Use to be permitted when employee
is not actively engaged in her em
ployment.
Store, shop, office, or manufactory.
Suitable chairs, stools, or sliding
seats attached to counter or wall.
For use of employee, male or female,
when he or she is not in active
work and not required to stand in
proper performance of duties.
Reasonable use must be permitted
when such use will not interfere
with humane or reasonable re
quirements of employment.
Mercantile or other business pursuits re
quiring employees to stand or walk
during active duties.
Suitable seats for female employees.. Use to be permitted when woman
employee is not necessarily en-
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercan
tile establishment.
-do_.
STATE LABOR LAW S FOR W O M E N
Ibid., No. 15-A—Motion
pictures. (1931.)
Coverage
gaged in active duties of employ
ment.
HAWAII. No law.
IDAHO:
Code 1932, sec. 43-708.
ILLINOIS. No law.
INDIANA:
Statutes annotated
(Baldwin) 1934, secs.
10065, 10067.
Use to be permitted when woman
employee is not engaged in active
duties of employment.
Establishment employing females.
To be placed conveniently where
employee works.
Use to be permitted when employee
is not necessarily engaged in active
duties of employment.
Use to be permitted when employee
is not necessarily engaged in active
duties of employmnet.
Manufacturing or mercantile establish
ment, mine, quarry, laundry, renovat
ing works, bakery, or printing office.
Suitable seats for female employees.. To be located at or beside counter or
workbench where female is em
ployed.
Use to be permitted to such extent
as work may reasonably admit.
Chairs, stools, or other contrivances Use to be permitted when employee
for comfortable use of female em
is not actively engaged in discharge
ployees.
of duties.
Sufficient number of seats for Suitable seats................ .
Use to be permitted when employee
women and girls.
is not actively engaged in duties of
employment and as far as practi
cable when operating machines or
when engaged in other duties.
A seat for each woman..
Suitable seats having backs and foot Use encouraged so that worker may
rests broad and firm enough to be
perform her labor with conven
convenient while working.
ience, comfort, and efficiency.
Workshop, mercantile or manufacturing
business or establishment.
A seat for each female em
ployee.
Ibid, sec. 2895___
^nifnhln nnrtfrr f
IOWA:
Code 1939, sec. 1485...
1935,
Industrial welfare order
No. 1 —Laundry.
(1939.)
Ibid., No. 2—Manufac
turing. (1939.)
1942,
For footnotes, see p. 11.
In stores and mercantile
establishments at least 1
seat for every 3 female
employees.
f
1
i
Seats that fcld are not considered a
compliance with the law.
Seats must be provided and main
tained in room in which females
work.3
Use to be permitted when em
ployee is not necessarily engaged
in active duties of employment.
In stores and mercantile establish
ments, seats must be placed in
front or in back of a counter, table,
desk, or fixture, according to where
employees are principally em
ployed.
Person or corporation employing women
in any business.
Mercantile establishment, store, shop,
hotel, restaurant, or other place where
women are employed as clerks or help.
Laundry, dyeing, dry-cleaning, and
pressing establishment.
SE A T IN G
KANSAS:
General statutes
sec. 44-111.
KENTUCKY:
Revised statutes
sec. 338.110.
Suitable seats so constructed or ad
justed, where practicable, as to be
fixtures and not obstruct employ
ees at their work.
All processes in the production of com
modities, including work in florists'
shops, and candy-making departments
of confectionery stores and bakeries.
Every employer of females.
CO
rf*
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES—Continued
A.—Seafmff—Continued
Number
LOUISIANA:
1935 cumulative supple
ment to general statutes
(Dart), sec. 4331.
At least 1 chair to every 3
females.
Location; use
Coverage
To be so placed as to be accessible to
employees.
Use to be permitted when emloyee is not necessarily engaged
i active duties of employment.
Factory, mill, warehouse, manufactur
ing establishment, workshop, store, or
“any other occupation or establishment
hereinabove mentioned.” (Statute's
reference is to the several preceding
sections of the Act covering practically
all employment.)
Retail business employing female labor
or female clerks.
Elevators used for carrying persons,
goods, wares, or merchandise in any
place of business.
Type
Suitable seats, chairs, or benches.
E
General statutes (Dart)
1932, sec. 4353.
Ibid., sec. 4356.................
Seats, chairs, or benches must be
maintained for women.
Proper seating or resting accommo
dations for female operators.
___do........... -........—.......................
MAINE:
Revised statutes 1930, ch.
54, sec. 37.
Chairs, stools, or other contrivances
for comfortable use of women.
Use to be permitted when em
ployee is not actively engaged in
discharge of duties.
Mercantile establishment, store, shop,
hotel, restaurant, or other place where
women work.
Chairs or stools......................... .........
Use to be permitted when em
ployee is not actively engaged in
performance of duties.
Retail, jobbing, or wholesale dry-goods
store, notion, millinery, or any other
business where females are employed
for the purpose of serving the public.
Suitable seats for women-------- ------ Use to be permitted when employee
is not necessarily engaged in ac
tive duties of employment aud
while employee is at work, unless
the work cannot properly be done
in a sitting position.
Manufacturing, mechanical or mercan
tile establishment (including premises
used for a restaurant or for publicly
providing and serving meals; premises
used in connection with cleansing, dye
ing, laundering, or pressing fabrics or
wearing apparel).4
MARYLAND:
Annotated code (Flack)
1939, art. 27, sec. 365.
1 seat for each female.
MASSACHUSETTS:
General laws 1932, ch.
149, sec. 163.
For convenience of operator on duty
MICHIGAN: *
Compiled laws 1929, sec.
8339.
Seats for all females.
Proper and suitable seats, rests, or
stools.
Use to be permitted as may be
necessary.
Employer is forbidden to make
arbitrary rules, orders, or regula
tions preventing use of seats at
reasonable times or requiring em
ployees to stand when not neces
sarily engaged in service.
Store, shop, office, or manufactory em
ploying females as clerks, assistants,
operatives, or helpers.®
MINNESOTA:
Statutes 1941, secs. 182.44,
182.29.
(Number of seats for women
employees to be deter-
In places where women are employed, suitable seats with proper
Use to be permitted to such extent
as may be reasonable for preserva-
Place of employment, i. e., any factory,
mill, workshop, laundry, dyeing and
STATE LABOR LAW S FOR W O M E N
State
mined by industrial com
mission.)
MISSISSIPPI. No law.
MISSOURI:
Revised statutes 1939, sec.
10193.
backs, where practicable, must
be provided for their use.
In factories, if work can be properly
performed in sitting position,
suitable seats, with backs where
practicable, must be supplied for
women employees.
(Industrial commission to deter
mine when seats with backs are
necessary.)
tion of health.
cleaning establishment, mercantile es
tablishment, office or office building,
hotel, restaurant, theater or other
place of amusement, transportation
system, public utility, engineering
works, the erection of buildings and
yards. Exemptions: Domestic service;
agricultural labor.
Manufacturing, mechanical, mercantile,
or other establishment in which women
or girls are employed.
MONTANA:
Revised codes 1935, sec.
3077.
Must be conveniently located. Use
to be permitted when employee
is not required by duties to be
upon her feet.
Seats for all female employees.
Use to be permitted when employee
is not engaged in active duties of
employment.
NEBRASKA:
Compiled statutes 1929,
sec. 48-203.
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercan
tile establishment, laundry, hotel, res
taurant, or other establishment em
ploying females.
A seat for each and every
female employee.
Every agent, proprietor, superintendent,
or employer of female help.
NEVADA:
Compiled laws 1929, sec.
2791.
Use to be permitted when sitting
does not interfere with faithful
discharge of duties.
Seats for all females...............
Use to be permitted when employee
is not engaged in active duties of
employment.
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercan
tile establishment, laundry, hotel,
restaurant, or other establishment
employing females.
Suitable seats for female employees.. Use to be permitted when employee
is not necessarily engaged in active
duties of employment.
Factory, mill, workshop, or other manu
facturing or mercantile establishment.
Suitable seats for female employees.. Seats must be conveniently situated.
Use to be permitted except when
employee is engaged in duties that
cannot properly be performed in a
sitting position.
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercan
tile establishment, or services or opera
tions incident to any commercial em
ployment.
Suitable seats for female employees. .Use to be permitted when employee
is not engaged in active duties of
employment.
Factory, mine, mill, workshop, mechani
cal or mercantile establishment, laun
dry, hotel, restaurant, rooming house,
theater, moving picture show, barber
shop, telegraph or telephone or other
office, express or transportation com
pany, State institution, or any other
establishment, institution, or enter
prise where females are employed.
NEW HAMPSHIRE:
Session laws 1895, ch. 16..
NEW JERSEY:
Revised statutes
sec. 34: 2-29.
1937,
NEW MEXICO:
Statutes 1941, sec. 57, 410-J
SEA TIN G
Seats sufficient to sea* the
women or girls comfort
ably.
For footnotes, see p. 11.
Cr»
05
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES—Continued
A.—Seating—Continued
State
Cumulative supplement
1931-1935, ch. 32, sec.
203-a.
NORTH CAROLINA:
General statutes 1943, sec.
95-29.
NORTH DAKOTA:
Minimum wage depart
ment, order No. 3—
Mercantile. (1932.)
Type
Sufficient number of seats
for female employees.
In mercantile establish
ments, at least 1 seat for
every 3 female employees.
Suitable seats, with backs where
practicable, must be provided and
maintained.
Coverage
In mercantile establishments, seats Factory (includes laundry, cannery, bot
tling plant, etc.), mercantile establish
must be placed in front of counter,
ment, freight or passenger elevator,
table, desk, or fixture, if employ
hotel, or restaurant.
ee’s duties are performed princiin front of such fixtures; in
of such fixtures if the work is
principally in back of counter,
table, etc.
Use to be permitted to such extent as
may be reasonable for the preser
vation of health.
In factories, use to be permitted
whenever employee is engaged in
work that can be properly per
formed in a sitting position.
Passenger elevator operated and main
tained for use of public. Exemption:
Factory building or any other building
having only 1 passenger elevator.
e
Elevator must be equipped
with seat for operator’s use
when car is not being oper
ated, unless operator is
allowed a J4-hour recess
period every 3 hours in ad
dition to a $4-hour lunch
period.
Seats for all female employ
ees.
Location; use
Use to be permitted as may be neces
sary.
Employer may not make rule, regu
lation, or order to prevent use of
seats when employee is not ac
tively engaged in duties of em
ployment.
Store, shop, office or manufacturing or
other establishment.
Suitable seats for women employees. Seats to be provided behind the
counter or in the store.
Use to be permitted to such extent
as may be reasonable for the pres
ervation of employee’s health.
Establishment operated for the purpose
of trade in the purchase or sale of goods
or merchandise, including the sales
force, wrapping force, auditing or
checking force, shippers in the mail
order department, the receiving, mark
ing, and stockroom employees, and all
other women except those who perform
office duties solely.8
Proper and suitable seats..
Seats, rests or stools..........
STATE LABOR LAW S FOR W O M E N
NEW YORK:
Consolidated laws (Ca
hill) 1930, ch. 32,
secs. 2,150.
Number
646919-45-
OHIO:
Code
(Throckmorton)
1940, sec. 1008.
A seat for each female em
ployee.
OKLAHOMA:
Statutes 1941, title 40, sec. Seats for all female em
ployees.
83.
Ibid., sec. 86.
OREGON:
Compiled laws 1940, sec.
102-324.
Seats for all female em
ployees.
Idem.................................
PENNSYLVANIA:
Statutes (Purdon) 1936,
title 43, sec. 108.
Department of labor
and industry—Regula
tions affecting employ
ment of women. (1944
edition.)
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS:
Session laws 1923, act 3071.
For footnotes, see p. 11.
Seats for all women opera
tors.
Use to be permitted when employee
is not necessarily engaged in active
duties of employment and when
use will not actually and necessar
ily interfere with proper dis
charge of duties.
Factory, workshop, business office, tele
phone or telegraph office, restaurant,
bakery, millinery or dressmaking es
tablishment, mercantile or other estab
lishment.
Suitable seats.
Use to be permitted when em
ployee is not engaged in active
performance of duties.
Chairs, stools or other contrivances
for comfortable use.
Use to be permitted when employee
is not actively employed in dis
charge of duties.
Manufacturing, mechanical or mercantile
establishment, workshop, laundry,
printing office, dressmaking or mil
linery establishment, hotel, restaurant,
theater, telegraph or telephone estab
lishment and office, or any other estab
lishment employing females.
Mercantile establishment, store, shop,
hotel, restaurant, or other place where
women and girls are employed as clerks.
Suitable seats.
Use to be permitted when employee
is not engaged in active duties of
employment.
If employees may sit while working,
convenient and comfortable seats
must be provided.
Benches and tables, so constructed
as to give maximum comfort and
convenience to employees, consid
ering the nature of their work,
must be provided.
Suitable seats......................................
At least 1 seat for every 3
female employees.
Suitable seats.
If women are employed as
operators, seats must be
provided for their use,
unless a H-hour rest
period is permitted in
every tour of duty exceed
ing 3 hours.
Seats located in elevator cars must
be collapsible and without legs.
Seats proper for women and children
must be provided in establishment
for use of “its laborers.”
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercan
tile establishment; laundry, hotel,
restaurant, or other establishment.
Any occupation in which women or
minors are employed. Exemption: Em
ployer of fewer than 4 women if com
mission grants permit.
SEATING
Wage and hour commis
sion, order No. 15—
Sanitary and physical
welfare. (1941.)
Suitable seats constructed, where
practicable, with automatic back
sui)ports and so adjusted as to be
fixtures, but not to obstruct em
ployees in performance of duties.
Elevator operators.
Seats must be provided and kept in
rooms where women work, and
reasonable use of them by em
ployees permitted. Seats must
be conveniently accessible to
workers during work hours.
Any establishment, i.e., any place where
work is done for compensation of any
sort to whomever payable. Exemp
tions: Agricultural field occupations;
domestic service in private homes;
orphans’ homes and industrial schools.
Elevator operators.
Use to be permitted during hours
when employees are free of work
and during working hours if em
ployee can perform her duties
without detriment to efficiency.
Any person, firm, or corporation owning a
factory, shop, or industrial or mercan
tile establishment.
M
00
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES—Continued
A.—Seating—Continued
State
Number
PUERTO RICO:
Session laws 1919, act 73,
sec. 4.
SOUTH CAROLINA:
Code 1942, sec. 7032..........
1 seat must be provided for
every 3 females employed.
SOUTH DAKOTA:
Code 1939, sec. 17.0606.
TENNESSEE:
Code 1932, sec. 5307.
TEXAS:
Session laws 1943, ch. 68,
secs. 4-6,13.
A seat for each female.
Location; use
Coverage
Appropriate chairs for use of female
employees.
Chairs must be comfortable.
Must be placed convenient to place
where employees ordinarily work:
or near such place.
Employees to have free access to
chairs at all times other than when
occupied in duties that require
standing.
Any establishment employing women.
Seats for women and girls.
Conveniently located. Use to be
permitted when duties do not
require employee to stand.
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mer
cantile establishment in which women
and girls are employed.
Chairs, stools, or other suitable
seats must be provided and main
tained.
Use to be permitted at reasonable
times and to such extent as may
be requisite for preservation of
employees’ health.
Use of seat is to be permitted in front
of, or behind, a counter, table,
desk, or fixture, according to
whether employee’s duties are
principally in front of or behind
any such fixture.
Mercantile establishment or any place
where goods, wares, or merchandise
are offered for sale.
Suitable seats must be maintained
for women or children employees.
Seats must be maintained in the
room where employees work.
Use of seats to be permitted as may
be necessary for the preservation
of employees’ health.
Mercantile or manufacturing establish
ment, hotel or restaurant, where wom
en or children are employed.
Suitable seats, to be made perma
nent fixtures where practicable.
Use to be permitted when employee
is not necessarily engaged in active
duties of employment.
Use to be permitted at all times
when such use would not actually
and necessarily interfere with
proper discharge of duties.
Factory, mercantile establishment, mill,
or workshop.
Suitable seats must be provided for
female employees.
To be used by employees when not
engaged in active duties of employ
ment. Notice of this provision of
the statute in letters 1-inch high
must be posted in a conspicuous
place on premises.
Factory, mine, mill, workshop, mechani
cal or mercantile establishment, laun
dry, hotel, restaurant, rooming house,
theater, moving picture show, barber
shop, beauty shop, telegraph or tele
phone company, office, express or trans-
STATE LABOR LAW S FOR W O M E N
RHODE ISLAND:
Session laws 1943, ch. 1313,
sec. 1.
Type
UTAH:
Code 1943, sec. 49-4-2.
VERMONT:
Code 1933, sec. 8648.
At least 1 seat for every 3
females employed.
portation company, State institution,
or any other establishment, institution,
or enterprise where females are em
ployed. Exemptions: Mercantile es
tablishments and telephone and tele
graph companies in rural districts and
in towns of less than 3,000 population;
stenographers; pharmacists; superin
tendents, matrons, nurses, and at
tendants employed by, in, and about
orphans’ homes that are charitable
institutions not run for profit and not
operated by State.9
Chairs, stools, or other contrivances
must be provided for woman and
girl employees.
For use of employees when not en
gaged in discharge of duties.
Store, shop, hotel, restaurant, or other
place where women and girls are em
ployed as clerks or help.
Chairs, stools, or other contrivances
must be provided for female em
ployees.
For comfortable use of female em
ployees, for the preservation of
their health, and for rest.
Use to be permitted when employee
is not actively employed in dis
charge of duties.
Mercantile establishment, store, shop,
hotel, inn, restaurant, or other place
where women or girls are employed
as clerks or help.
Chairs, stools, or other suitable seats
for use of female employees.
Seats to be placed where work of
females is principally performed,
whether in front of, or behind, a
counter, table, desk, or other fix
ture.
Use of seats to be permitted at such
times and to such extent as may be
necessary for preservation of em
ployees’ health.
In factories, shops, mills, laundries,
stores, or other places of business
it is a misdemeanor for employer
to make rules, orders, or regula
tions requiring females to remain
standing when not necessarily em
ployed in service or labor.
Where the nature of the work in a
manufacturing establishment re
quires female employees to stand
while working, “it shall be deemed
a sufficient compliance with this
section if suitable rest rooms are
provided to which such employees
may go at all reasonable times.”
Factory, shop, mill,%laundry, or mercan
tile or manufacturing establishment.
Exemption: Fruit and vegetable can
ning factories.
SEA TIN G
VIRGINIA:
Code 1942, sec. 1807..
Employer prohibited from using
intimidation, instruction, threat,
or other means to prevent employ
ees from using the seats provided.
For footnotes, see p. 11.
CO
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES—Continued
A.—Seating—Continued
State
Number
WASHINGTON:
Statutes (Remington)
1931, sec. 7615.
1 seat for each female em
ployee.
Industrial welfare com
mittee orders:
No. 30—Working con
ditions in manufac
turing or other mer
cantile establish
ments. (1922.)
No. 38—Canning.
(1942.)
No. 39—Packing.
(1942.)
WEST VIRGINIA:
Code 1931, sec. 21-3-11__
Where nature of work per
mits, seats must be pro
vided at work tables or
machines for each and
every woman or minor
employee.
Reasonable number of seats
for female employees.
WISCONSIN:
Statutes 1943, sec. 103.16.
WYOMING:
Revised statutes 1931, sec.
63-110.
Ibid., sec. 32-229..
Seats for all female em
ployees.
Location; use
Chair, stool, or seat.
Worker to be allowed to rest when
duties permit or when such rest
does not interfere with faithful
discharge of duties.
Suitable scats for female employees.. Use to be permitted when employee
is not engaged in active duties of
employment.
Seats must be adjustable to work Use to be permitted when employee
tables or machines so that the
is not engaged in active duties of
position of worker relative to the
employment.
work is substantially the same
whether seated or standing. In
dividually adjustable foot rests
must be provided.
Suitable seats. Where practicable,
seats are to be made permanent
fixtures so constructed as not to
obstruct work.
Coverage
Store, office, or school employing female
help.
Any establishment where females are
employed.
Manufacturing or other mercantile estab
lishment. Exemption: If committee
after investigation determines that en
forcement of rule would not materially
increase comfort, health, or safety of
employees and would work undue
hardship on employer, exemption may
be given in writing.
Cannery or freezing plant (fruit, vege
table, fish, shellfish, dog foods, or any
other product preserved for food pur
poses) .
Fresh fruit packing, vegetable packing,
or dried fruit industries.
Use to be permitted when employee
is not necessarily engaged in active
duties of employment and at all
times when such use will not nec
essarily interfere with proper dis
charge of duties.
Factory, mercantile establishment, mill,
or workshop.
Suitable seats for female employees._ Use to be permitted when employee
is not necessarily engaged in active
duties of employment.
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercan
tile establishment.
Suitable seats.
Use to be permitted when employee
is not engaged in active duties of
employment.
Suitable seats for female employees.
___ do
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercan
tile establishment, laundry, hotel, or
restaurant, or other establishment em
ploying females.
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercan
tile establishment.
STATE LABOR LAW S FOR W O M E N
Ibid., secs. 7616-7617..
Type
MICHIGAN:
* No female may be unnecessarily required to remain standing constantly in any type
of employment. (Compiled laws 1929, sec. 8326.)
® Provisions of this section declared inapplicable to women employed as elevator oper
ators. (People v. Wells (1929) 248 Mich. 579; 227 N. W. 696.)
NEW YORK:
2 Under the war emergency act, commissioner of labor has authority to grant dispenses
tions to employers engaged in “war work” who apply for permit, if he deems a waiver of
the law s restrictions necessary to speed up wrar production. Commissioner in granting
dispensation must consider health and welfare of workers. (Session laws: 1942. ch. 544
art. 8; 1943, chs. 171 and 315; 1944, ch. 412.)
NORTH DAKOTA:
8 In cases of emergency, temporary suspension or modification may be permitted by
the department of agriculture and labor.
TEXAS:
«In time of war, and/or when a National emergency is declared by the President, female
workers in industries coming within the jurisdiction of three Federal Acts—the Fair
Labor Standards Act, the Public Contracts Act, and the Bacon-Davis Act—are specif
ically exempted from this provision of the statute.
SEA TIN G
ARKANSAS:
1 During present war emergency, on application of an establishment or industry,
commissioner of labor may issue order modifying or suspending statute’s requirements
if he determines such modification or suspension necessary to attain better efliciency and
greater production in the war effort. No order may continue in effect longer than one
year after present war’s termination. (Session laws 1943, Act 284.)
CONNECTICUT:
2 The war powers act authorizes Governor to modify or suspend by order any statute,
regulation, or requirement, or part thereof, whenever in his opinion such statute or
requirement is “in conflict with efficient and expeditious participation in the war effort.”
(1943 supplement to General Statutes, sec. 21g amended by Public Acts: 1944, sp. session,
ch. 1.)
KENTUCKY:
3 The provision of the law which requires the maintenance of seats for the use of females
in rooms where they work is applicable to elevators which are operated by females.
(Op. A tty. Gen., Nov. 22.1944.)
MASSACHUSETTS:
4 During present war emergency, labor commissioner has authority to suspend the
application or operation of provisions of the labor law or of any rule or regulation pertain
ing thereto, if he deems such action necessary to supply a deficiency in manpower. (Ses
sion laws 1943, ch. 382.)
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES—Continued
to
B.—Lunch Rooms
State
CALIFORNIA:
Industrial welfare com
mission, order No. 18—
Sanitary order. (1932.)
COLORADO:
Industrial commission—
Factory safety manual.
(1942.)
CONNECTICUT. No law.
DELAWARE:
Revised code 1935, sec.
3636.
DISTRICT OF COLUM
BIA. No law. .
FLORIDA. No law.
GEORGIA. No law.
HAWAII. No law.
IDAHO. No law.
Type
Location; use
Coverage
Suitable lunch room must be provided
for women employees, separate and
apart from workroom and toilet room.1
Factory, manufacturing establishment, work
shop, or other place of employment. Ex
emption: Establishment in which fewer
than 6 persons are employed.
Where lunch room is provided, it must
be adequately lighted, ventilated, and
heated.
Must be kept in a sanitary condition
and have adequate facilities for dis
posal of waste.
Any occupation, trade, or industry. Exemp
tion: Commission may grant exemption if
satisfied after investigation that enforce
ment of rule works undue hardship on em
ployer and does not increase comfort,
health, or safety of employees.
In plants where food is dispensed by
means of lunch wagons, lunch coun
ters, or cafeterias, or where the workers
carry their lunch with them, room
must be provided for the workers to
eat their food.
Rooms in which lunch is stored, served,
or eaten must be adequately screened.
Adequate lighting, heating, and ven
tilation required.
Place of employment.
A suitable room must be provided, free
from gases, poisonous or injurious sub
stances, fumes, dust, lint, or particles
of material.
Washing facilities—hot water, soap and
towels (individual or paper)—must be
provided.
For use of employees during
meal time. Employees not
permitted to remain in
workroom during meal time.
Establishments in which white lead, arsenic,
nicotine, or other poisonous or injurious
substances, fumes, or gases are present or
in which dust, lint, or particles of material
are created by machinery or by the mate
rial in process of manufacture.
STATE LABOR LAW S FOR W O M E N
ALABAMA. No law
ALASKA. No law
ARIZONA. No law.
ARKANSAS:
Digest (Pope) 1937, sec.
9102.
Number
ILLINOIS:
.
Industrial commission—
Rules and regulations
relating to * * *
lunch room require
ments.2 (1944.)
MISSISSIPPI:
State board of health—_________________ ___
Sanitary and safety reg
ulations for industrial
I
establishments. (1943.)
MISSOURI. No law.
MONTANA. No law.
NEBRASKA. No law.
NEVADA. No law.
NEW HAMPSHIRE. No
Workroom areas where processes produce
toxic dusts or fumes that may be conveyed
to the human system by the mouth.
Employer shall provide suitable place
for employees to eat meals. (Em
ployee handling poisonous substance
required to wash hands before eating.)
Place of employment (defined in entry forSeating) where dust or fumes of poisonous
compounds are present.
If it is inconvenient for employees to eat
away from the premises, lunch rooms,
separated 'from work rooms, must be
provided, and tables, chairs, safe
drinking water, and a covered recep
tacle for discarded material must be
supplied.
Room must be properly lighted and
ventilated and thoroughly cleaned
before each meal.
If job exposes employees to lead or other
toxic material, they are prohibited
from eating at their work benches.
Industrial establishment, i. e., place where
articles are manufactured, repaired, cleaned
sorted, or renovated, in whole or in part,
for profit, sale, or compensation.
L U N C H ROOMS
INDIANA. No law.
IOWA. No law.
KANSAS:2
KENTUCKY. No law.
LOUISIANA. No law.
MAINE. No law.
MARYLAND. No law.
MASSACHUSETTS.
No
law.
MICHIGAN. No law.
MINNESOTA:
Statutes 1941, sec. 182.43--.
Employees may not be allowed to lunch
on their job, nor to bring milk, coffee,
or soft drinks into workrooms.
If lunch room is not provided, locker
room or some other suitable place
must be made available to employees
for eat mg purposes.
Where lunch room is provided, it must
be equipped with a sufficient number
of tables and chairs or benches to ac
commodate employees.
Adequate ventilation, illumination, and
temperature required.
NEW JERSEY. No law.
NEW MEXICO. No law.
For footnotes, see p. 15.
00
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES—Continued
B.—Lunch Rooms—Continued
State
Number
Type
NEW YORK:
Consolidated Code (Ca
hill) 1930, ch. 32, sec.
380.
NORTH CAROLINA. No
law.
NORTH DAKOTA. No
law.
OHIO:
Code
(Throckmorton)
1940, sec. 1008.
OKLAHOMA. No law.
OREGON. No law.
PENNSYLVANIA:
Statutes (Purdon) 1936,
title 43, sec. 110.
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
No law.
PUERTO RICO. No law.
RHODE, ISLAND. No law.
SOUTH CAROLINA. No
law.
SOUTH DAKOTA. No law.
TENNESSEE. No. law.
TEXAS. No law.
UTAH:
Industrial commission—
Standards for women
No employee may take or be permitted
to take food into such workroom nor
remain in room during time allowed
for meals, unless his presence is neces
sary for the proper conduct of the busi-
Lunch room may not be lo
cated next to or adjoining a
water closet unless a permit
therefor has been obtained
from commissioner of labor
or local board of health.
Coverage
Mercantile
males.
establishment employing fe
Room of any work place where lead, arsenic,
or other poisonous substances or injurious
fumes, gases, etc., are present in harmful
quantities.
Suitable room in which employees may
eat must be provided.
A lunch room shall be pro
vided unless this is
found to be impractica
ble.
Industrial
commission
may require establish-
Room must be suitable and separate and
apart from workroom.
Factory, workshop, business office, telephone
or telegraph office, restaurant, bakery,
millinery or dress-making establishment,
mercantile or other establishment.
A suitable room, free from poisonous
substances, must be provided and
maintained by employer for use of
female employees at meal time.
Establishment where white lead, arsenic, or
other poisonous substances, or injurious
fumes, dust, or gases are present.
Where lunch rooms are provided, they
must be adequately lighted and venti-
Any establishment or Industry. If com
mission after investigation determines that
STATE LABOR LAW S FOR W O M E N
Ibid., sec. 205.
Location; use
and children in indus
try. (1937.)
646919— 45
VERMONT. No law.
VIRGINIA. No law.
WASHINGTON:
Industrial welfare comMercantile. (1942.)
Ibid., No. 23—Public
housekeeping. (1921.)
turing or other mercan
tile establishments.
(1922.)
WEST VIRGINIA:
Code 1931, sec. 21-3-10__
WISCONSIN. No law.
WYOMING. No law.
lated, and properly heated during
meal periods.
Rooms to be equipped with chairs and
tables and kept in sanitary condition.
Adequate facilities for disposal of waste
must be provided.
A suitable place for eating
lunches must be pro
vided and maintained.
A room for change of
clothing and for eating
lunches must be pro
vided for women em
ployees.
Lunch room must be pro
vided.
Room must be suitable. If lunch room
is provided, it must be sanitary and
properly heated.
If meals are eaten on the premises, a
table and chairs must be provided for
employees’ use.
Room must be adequate and furnished
with tables and chairs and facilities,
for heating water.
Employer must make suitable pro
visions for employees to eat their
meals elsewhere than in workrooms.
Employees may not take food into or
remain in workroom or apartment
during meal period.
ARKANSAS:
r°°“ not Prided on premises at least lhour must be allowed for meals
During this period women must be free to leave the building if they so desire
ILLIN OIS:
iq H™™/TLei£?loyer 1?as mad? an effort to comply with these rules and regulations, he
be. eomplymg with them if. because of wartime limitations, necessary
material and equipment are denied to him fcy competent Federal authority.
Enforcement of rules would not materially
increase the comfort, health, or safety of
employees, and would work undue hard
ship on employer, exemption may be
granted on application of employer.
Mercantile establishment employing females.
Exemption: Establishment employing fewer
than 10 women may be granted exemption
by the industrial welfare committee.
Hotel, rooming or boarding house, restaurant,
cafe, cafeteria, lunch or tea room, apart
ment house, hospital (not nurses), philan
thropic institution or any other establish
ment that may be properly classified under
Public Housekeeping.
For coverage of Canning and Packing indus
tries see Seating chart.
Manufacturing or other mercantile establish
ment employing women or minors. Ex
emptions: Establishment employing fewer
than 10 women regularly may be permitted
a modification of the rule by the supervisor
of women in industry. Industrial welfare
committee may grant exemptions if after
investigation it determines that enforce
ment of the rule would not materially in
crease the comfort, health, and safety of
employees and would work undue hard
ship on the employer.
L U N C H ROOMS
Ibid., Nos. 38 and 39
Canning. (1942.)
Packing. (1942.)
Ibid.,.No. 30—Working
ment to provide lunch
room for employees.
Room or apartment in any factory; mercan
tile establishment, mill, or workshop where
white lead, arsenic, or other poisonous sub
stances or injurious or noxious fumes,
dusts, or gases are present, as the result of
the business conducted.
KANSAS:
3 The only reference to a place for the workers to eat is in the Industrial Welfare Order
for Manufacturing—it requires that “provision shall be made for workers to eat their meals
outside the workroom in a clean, comfortable place."
O*
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES—Continued
C.—Dressing Rooms; Rest Rooms
Type
If nature of work requires
change of clothing, a room
or space must be provided.1
Room or space must be suitable for women and
minor employees to change their clothing in
privacy and comfort.1
Employer is required to make adequate provi
sion for safekeeping of employees’ outer gar
ments and work clothes.1
COLORADO:
Statutes annotated 1935,
ch. 97, sec. 61.
Separate dressing rooms for women and girls may
be required by factory inspector.
Industrial commissionfactory safety manual.
(1942.)
If conditions require that employees change their
clothing before and after work, adequate dress
ing room facilities must be provided.2
Washroom facilities must be adequate to permit
employees to wash properly before eating meals
or at the end of their tour of duty. Running
water and plenty of soap must be provided.
Rooms must be cleaned daily and kept at all
times in a clean and sanitary condition.
I
Coverage
Any occupation, trade, or industry.
Exemption: Commission
may
grant exemption if satisfied after
investigation that enforcement
of rule works undue hardship on
employer and does not increase
comfort, health, or safety of
If tfvre is not a separate room
provided for the couches,
beds, or cots, these must be
placed in the locker or dress
ing room. Equipment must
be kept in a clean and sani
tary condition.
Room must be open to women
at all times and. a com
fortable temperature main
tained therein.
Unless a separate hospital
room is maintained, an ade
quate first-aid kit must be
provided.
If number of female employees
is over 10 and under 20 and
nature of the work requires
standing or if number is
over 20 and under 50:
1 couch, bed, or cot must
be provided.
For each additional 100
females or fraction thereof:
1 additional couch, bed,
or cot.
Location; use
Factory, laundry, mill, workshop,
or other place where the work
makes it desirable or necessary
to change clothing before leaving
building at close of day.
Place of employment.
STATE LABOR LAW S FOR W O M E N
ALABAMA. No law.
ALASKA. No law.
ARIZONA. No law.
ARKANSAS. No law.
CALIFORNIA:
Industrial welfare com
mission, order No. 18
—Sanitary order.
(1932.)
Number
Proper heating, lighting, and ventilation re
quired.
If nature of the work requires shower-bath facili
ties, these must be provided by plant.
CONNECTICUT: •
Department of lahor
and factory inspec
tion—Sanitary code.
(1943.)
If the labor performed makes
a change of clothing neces
sary or customary, one or
more dressing rooms of ade
quate size must be provided
for the exclusive use of
women employees.
Washing facilities must be
provided for women’s use;
not less than 1 spigot, basin,
or receptacle for each 25
females employed at any
one time.
DISTRICT OF COLUM
BIA. No law.
FLORIDA. No law.
GEORGIA. No law.
HAWAII. No law.
IDAHO. No law.
ILLINOIS:
Industrial commission— Lavatories must be provided
Rules and ' regula
for employees on the follow
tions relating to * * *
ing basis:
wash, locker, rest
room requirements.1
Employees
(1944.)
Lavatories
per shift
1................ .......... 1 to 15
2........................... 16 to 30
3-......... ............ . 31 to 50
1 additional lavatory for each
additional 25 employees.
For footnotes, see p. 28.
Every establishment or department
of an establishment.
Dressing room must be separated from toilet
compartments by solid partitioning.
Room must be adequately heated, ventilated,
and illuminated. Individual lockers or hooks
and a suitable number of seats required.
Mercantile, mechanical, transpor
tation or manufacturing estab
lishment, laundry, baking or
printing establishment, dress
making establishment, place of
amusement, telephone or tele
graph office or xchange, hotel,
restaurant, or office in which
women are employed.
If regular employees of either sex on a work shift
number more than 10, separate wash and lock
er room facilities must be provided for each
sex. Rooms must be plainly marked “Men”
or “Women.”
Regardless of whether a wash or locker room is
required, employer must furnish clothes racks,
lockers, locker baskets, or suspended devices
for every employee.
(Regulations give in detail, specifications as to
construction of wash and/or toilet rooms and
the facilities for such rooms.)
Plant, factory, or other work place
employing labor in the produc
tion, servicing, altering, handl
ing, transporting, erecting, dis
assembling or wrecking of com
modities and materials. Exemp
tions: Retail store; professional,
financial, and office operations
other than plant and factory
office.
D R ESSIN G R O O M S; REST ROOMS
DELAWARE:
Revised code 1935, secs.
3633, 3635.
Dressing rooms and rest rooms must have outside
windows and ample light and air. If neces
sary, ventilating fans must be installed and
operated to provide free circulation and change
of air.
Room and fixtures to be maintained in good
working order at all times. Broken, damaged,
or impaired fixtures and facilities must be re
paired or replaced as quickly as possible.
The code’s definition of “rest room” includes a
.dressing room suitably equipped with cot or
couch.
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES—Continued
00
C.—Dressing Rooms: Rest Rooms—Continued
State
ILLINOIS—Continued.
IOWA:
Code 1939, sec. 1484
KANSAS:
Industrial welfare orders
Nos. 1 and 3—Laun
dry and Mercantile.
(1939.)
Ibid., No. 2—Manufac
turing. (1939.)
Type
If females regularly employed
number 100 or fewer per
shift, 1 cot, couch, or bed
must be provided.
If over 100 females are em
ployed 1 additional cot,
couch, or bed must be pro
vided for each additional 250
females or fraction thereof.
Locker room equipment must be of a type that
will permit good housekeeping and maintain
ing in a sanitary condition.
Employer required to provide soap.
In locker room, benches or stools must be pro
vided for at least 50 percent of the employees
using the room per shift.
Temperature of locker, rest room, and wash
room during periods of occupancy must not be
less than 72° F.
Establishments employing more than 5 women
must provide a rest room for women. Such a
room is not required in establishments em
ploying fewer than 500 women per working
shift if establishment has on the premises a
plant or factory hospital or medical dispensary
equipped with cots or beds. All doors to rest
room must have an automatic closing device,
must be plainly marked “Women,” and lo
cated not less than 6 feet from men’s wash,
locker and toilet rooms.
Location; use
Coverage
Dressing room may be re- _
quired by the chief inspector.
Manufacturing or mercantile es
tablishment, mine, quarry, laun
dry, renovating works, bakery,
or printing office.
A dressing room or rooms with Adequate washing facilities separate for each sex.
lockers for keeping clothing
must be provided.
*.
Factory, mercantile establishment,
mill, or workshop—jobs which
require employee to change his or
her clothing.
A suitable space, effectively screened, must be
provided for women employees to change from
street clothes to work clothes.
A cot must be provided and kept in some ac
cessible place for the accommodation of the
women employees.
Dressing room for women must be provided mak
ing possible the changing of clothing and the
care of clothing outside the workroom.
Laundry, dyeing, dry cleaning and
pressing establishment.
Mercantile establishment.
Manufacturing establishment.
STATE LABOR LAW S FOR W O M E N
INDIANA:
Statutes annotated
(Baldwin) 1934, secs.
10065,10067.
Number
KENTUCKY:
Revised statutes 1942,
sec. 338.120.
LOUISIANA:
General statutes (Dart)
1932, sec. 4332.
If nature of the work requires a
change of clothing, a dress
ing room for women must be
provided.
Ibid., sec. 203 (f)........
MASSACHUSETTS:
General laws 1932, ch. _.
149, secs. 1, 139; ses
sion laws 1936, ch. 78.
Ibid., ch. 149, sec. 141
For footnotes, see p. 28.
Proper wash and dressing rooms must be pro
vided for female employees and kept in a
cleanly state.
Factory, mill, manufacturing es
tablishment, workshop, ware
house, mercantile establishment
or store, and all other occupa
tions and establishments herein
above mentioned in which 5 or
more young persons or women
are employed and every such in
stitution in which 2 or more
children, young persons, or wom
en are employed. (See parenthet
ical Note in entry in Seating
chart.)
Adequately equipped wash stations and places .............. ........ .............
where employees may change their clothing
and hang clothes not in use must be provided
for each sex.
Lavatory supplied with soap, water, and towels Must be convenient,
must be provided and kept in sanitary condi
tion.
Canning factory.
Separate lockers, closets, or other receptacles,
each with a lock and key, must be provided.
Medical or surgical chest or both must be pro
vided as required by labor department, free
of expense to employees, for treatment of per
sons injured or taken ill on the premises.
If 100 or more persons are employed, labor de
partment may require that accommodations
satisfactory to it be furnished for treatment of
persons injured or taken ill on premises, and
suitable and sanitary facilities for heating
and warming food for employees may also be
required.
For use of employees,
Building, basement, cellar, or
other place used for the prepara
tion, manufacture, packing, can
ning, sale or distribution of food.
Manufacturing or mercantile es
tablishment or hotel where na
ture of work requires employees
to change clothing before begin
ning work.
(Mercantile establishment includes
premises used for a restaurant or
for publicly providing and serv
ing meals, and premises used in
connection with cleansing, dye
ing, laundering, or pressing fab
rics or wearing apparel.)
Factory, shop, or mechanical es
tablishment where machinery is
used for manufacturing or other
purpose except for elevators, or
for heating or hoisting apparatus.
D R ESSIN G R O O M S; REST ROOMS
MAINE. No law.
MARYLAND:
Annotated code (Flack)
1939, art. 43, sec. 203
(f) and (h).
Every employer of females.
CO
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES—Continued
to
O
C.—Dressing Rooms; Rest Rooms—Continued
State
M ASSACHUSETTS—Con
Idem____
MICHIGAN:
Compiled laws 1929,
sec. 8332.
MINNESOTA:
Statutes 1941, sec. 182.42
MISSISSIPPI:
State board of health—
Sanitaiy and safety
regulations for indus
trial establishments.
(1943.)
MISSOURI:
Revised statutes 1939,
sec. 10190.
Ibid., sec. 10217.............
Type
Location; use
Establishments employing 20 or more women
or children must provide such medical and
surgical chest as department requires.
Proper wash and dressing rooms must be pro
vided and kept in a clean and sanitary state.
Coverage
Mercantile
establishment (for
definition, see next preceding '
entry).
Located within reasonable ac
cess.
Such rooms must be provided with a bed or cot.
First-aid stations equipped to meet adequately
the needs of plant most be provided.
Manufacturing establishment,
workshop, hotel, or store em
ploying 5 or more persons; in
stitution employing 2 or more
women or minors.
Institution employing 2 or more
women or minors.
Suitable dressing rooms must be provided, sepa
rate for each sex. Must be kept in clean and
sanitary condition, and adequately ventilated.
(In places where employees handle poisonous
materials, special precautions necessary.)
Place of employment in which a
change of clothing is necessary for
any of the employees. (For
definition of “place of employ
ment” see Seating chart.)
If type of work involves exposure to excessive
dust, vapors, fumes, or heat, dressing rooms
must be provided for employees.
If women are employed, adequate retiring and
dressing space must be provided for their use.
Dressing and rest rooms must be kept clean and
properly lighted, ventilated, and screened.
Suitable clothes hooks must be supplied for all
employees.
Industrial establishment.
(For
definition see Lunch Rooms
chart.)
If unclean work of any kind must be performed,
suitable places must be provided for women
and girls to wash and dress.
Dressing room and lavatory, separate and apart
from the work shop, must ne provided and kept
clean.
Male and female employees to be provided for
separately.
Dressing room to have compartment lockers, so
that street clothes may be kept separate and
apart from working clothes.
Factory, workshop, or other estab
lishment employing women or
girls.
Any process or manufacture or
labor in which substances (speci
fied in the law) considered dan
gerous to health are used or
handled in harmful quantities or
under harmful conditions.
For use of employees exposed
to poisonous or injurious
dusts, fumes, and gases.
co
H
LABOR LAW S FOR W O M E N
Department of labor
and industry. Regu
lations on employ
ment of women, Bui.
No. L-50. (1943.)
Number
Lavatory must have a sufficient number of basins
or spigots, and hot and cold water, soap, and
individual towels.
MONTANA. No law.
NEBRASKA:
Compiled statutes 1929,
sec. 48—402.
Labor commissioner may order
employer to provide a dress
ing room for female employ-
Department of labor—
Standard minimum
sanitary regulations.
(1939.)
NEW MEXICO. No law.
NEW YORK:
Consolidated laws(Cahill)
1930, ch. 32, secs. 2,
294.
Ibid., secs. 203, 293........
Ibid., secs. 2, 293.
For footnotes, see p. 28.
Factory, mill, workshop, mercan
tile or mechanical establishment,
or any other place where the work
makes it necessary for employees
to change clothing.
Where more than 10 females
employed, 1 or more sepa
rate dressing rooms must be
provided.
Mercantile establishment; factory,
workshop, or mill.
Dressing rooms, separate from the workroom
bat connectsd with it, must be provided for
workers engaged in handling poisonous ma
terials or exposed to injurious dusts or fumes,
excessive heat, humidity, or fatigue from ex
cessive physical exertion.
Rooms must be clean, lighted, ventilated, and
when necessary heated.
Lockers must be provided.
For all other workers a place to change from
street clothes to work clothes must be pro
vided and kept clean.
All occupations.
Where females are employed, dressing or emer
gency rooms must be provided having at least
i window leading to outer air.
Dressing rooms must be separated from water
closets by suitable partitions.
Seats must be provided and suitable means for
hanging clothes.
Room must be constructed, heated, ventilated,
lighted, and maintained in accordance with
rules of the board of standards and appeals.
Suitable washrooms, adequately equipped,
heated, lighted, and ventilated, must be pro
vided, separate for each sex.
Factory (includes laundry, can
nery, bottling plant, and other
establishments as defined in the
statute).
If poisonous substances, fumes, dusts, or gases
are present as an incident or result of the busi
ness or occupation, hot water, soap, and indi
vidual towels must be furnished.
Must be convenient.
Factory (includes laundry, can
nery, bottling plant, and other
establishments as defined in the
statute). (Including also eleva
tor operators in "factories.”)
Factory (for definition see next
preceding entry).
D R ESSIN G R O O M S; REST ROOMS
NEVADA. No law.
NEW HAMPSHIRE. No
law.
NEW JERSEY:
Revised statutes 1937,
secs. 34: 2-33 and 34:
6-06.
Separate dressing rooms must be provided for
females if department of labor so requires.
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES—Continued
^
C.—Dressing Rooms; Rest Rooms—Continued
State
Number
NEW YORK—Continued.
Ibid., sec. 379_____ A sufficient number of dressing rooms for women employees.
Department of labor,
Industrial code bulletins Nos. 9 and 16Rules relating to sani
tation of factories and
mercantile establish
ments. (1939.)
In every establishment where
females ar*e employed at
least 1 dressing room must
be provided for their exclus
ive use.
At least 1 couch or bed must
be provided for use of fe
male employees.
If number of such employees
is—
Over 40 and under 100:
2 couches or beds must
be provided.
Over 100 and under 250:
3 couches or beds must
be provided.
Thereafter at least 1 couch
or bed for every 250
employees.
Idem At least 1 washbasin with
water-supplied faucet must
be provided for every 20
persons employed at one
Location; use
Coverage
Dressing rooms must be separated from water
closets by adequate partitions.
Room must have seats and suitable means for
hanging clothes.
Must be constructed, heated, lighted, and main
tained in accordance with rules of the board of
standards and appeals.
Dressing rooms to be conveniently located for use of
women.
Adequate wash rooms or washing facilities,
separate for each sex, must be provided whereever required by board of standards and
appeals.
Rooms must be adequately heated, lighted, and
ventilated.
Wash rooms or washing facul
ties must be convenient.
Mercantile establishment, restaurant, or terminal or car barn
where employees of a street, surface, electric, subway, or elevated
railroad report for duty. Exemp
tion: Any such establishment,
restaurant, or terminal or car
barn where fewer than 5 women
are employed or report for duty.
Mercantile establishment (includes
elevator operators); restaurant;
office of a telegraph or messenger
company in a city; station, ter
minal, or car barn where women
employees of a street, surface,
electric, subway, or elevated rail
road report for duty.
Operators of freight or passenger
elevators.
Adequate wash rooms or washing facilities must
be provided and maintained for use of em
ployees.
Room must be so constructed and maintained
that privacy is secured at all times.
Locker or a clothes hook must be provided for
each female employee unless such facilities are
elsewhere provided.
Unless a separate hospital or emergency room is
provided for women’s use, part of the dressing
room must be screened off and a couch or
couches placed there.
Specific rules as to construction of dressing rooms
and the heating, lighting, and ventilation of
such rooms are contained in the industrial
code bulletin.
If separate washrooms for men and women are
provided, walls must be of solid construction,
and for women’s washrooms at least 7 feet
high.
Factory or mercantile establishment.
Unless the general washing Factory, mercantile establishment;
facilities are on the same
elevator operators.
floor and in close proximity j
to toUet room, at least 1 1
LABOR LAW S FOR W O M E N
Ibid., secs. 203, 378..
Type
Idem.
NORTH CAROLINA. No
law.
NORTH DAKOTA:
Minimum wage depart
ment, order No. 1 (as
amended)—Public
housekeeping. (1939.)
Ibid. Nos. 2 and 4____
Manufacturing.
Laundry. (1932.)
Ibid., No. 3.................. .
Mercantile. (1932.)
For footnotes, see p. 28.
A first-aid kit must be pro
vided, free of expense to em
ployees.
A suitable space must be set aside to administer
first aid, insuring a reasonable amount of pri
vacy to the injured and to person rendering first
aid.
In space set aside there must be two chairs, a
table, and washing facilities, i. e., water, basin,
towel and soap.
If establishment occupies more than one floor, a
stretcher must be provided.
If a separate hospital room is maintained for em
ployees, the first-aid kit may be dispensed
with except for hazardous occupations.
If work of establishment is carried on in more
than one building or on several floors, indus
trial commissioner may direct that duplicate
kits be supplied.
All bottles or containers in kit must be clearly
labeled and the specific purpose for which con
tents are to be used marked thereon.
Suitable space, where necessary, effectively
screened, must be provided for women em
ployees to change their work or street clothing.
Rest facilities for use of women employees must
be provided if department orders.
Suitable space effectively screened must be pro
vided for rest and for women to change their
clothing, if labor department in its discretion
so orders.
Rest room must be provided for women em
ployees.
washbasin must be provided
in toilet room or adjacent
thereto.
In the food-handling estab
lishments covered, washing
facilities may be supplied in
the workroom. A notice
directing employees to
cleanse their hands before
beginning work and after
using the toilets must be
conspicuously posted adja
cent to such facilities.
factory where lead, arsenic, or
other poisonous substances or
injurious or noxious fumes, dust,
or gases are present; establish
ment where food products are
manufactured or unwrapped
food products packed or sold.
Factory in which power-driven
machinery is used for manufac
turing. s Exemption: Plants em
ploying 10 or fewer persons.
Public housekeeping estab
lishment.
D R ESSIN G R O O M S; REST ROOMS
Idem.
time. If over 100 persons
employed, at least 1 addi
tional basin must be pro
vided for every additional
25 employees.
At least 1 washbasin or its Separate washrooms for males and females
equivalent for every 10 em- 1 must be provided.
ployees.
Running hot water, soap, and individual towels
required.
Manufacturing establishment or
laundry.
Mercantile establishment. Ex
emption: Establishment employ
ing fewer than 15 women.
bO
CO
to
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES—Continued
C.—Dressing Rooms; Rest Rooms—Continued
Number
State
Location; use
Type
Rest facilities must be provided for women
employees.
Ibid., Nos. 1 (as
amended) and 2.
Public housekeep
ing. (1939.)
Manufacturing.
(1922.)
Washroom accommodations, separate and apart
from those used by men must be provided for
women employees.
Facilities must be adequate and rooms kept in
clean and sanitary condition.
Individual towels—cloth or paper—must be
furnished.
OHIO:
Code (Throckmorton)
1940, sec. 1009.
Suitable and separate dressing rooms for ex
clusive use of female employees must be
provided.
OKLAHOMA:
Statutes 1941, title 40,
sec. 118.
OREGON:
Wage and hour com
mission, order No. 7—
Laundry, cleaning
and dyeing. (1944.)
Ibid, No. 15—Sanitary
and physical welfare.
(1941.)
T
Telephone exchange. Exemption:
Towns of less than 1,800
population.
Public housekeeping establish
ment.
Manufacturing establishment em
ploying 3 or more women.
Dressing room and toilet
“shall be situated together.”
Room to be located on the
same floor or immediately
above or below floor where
employee works.
Dressing room may not be
located in basement or cellar
unless females are actually
and regularly employed
there.
Any establishment in which fe
males are employed.
Separate washrooms for each sex.
Factory, manufacturing establish
ment, or workshop where men
and women are employed.
Individual lockers and a suitable room in con
nection therewith must be provided for women
and minor employees to change their clothing.
In plants employing 3 or more women, a suitable
rest room must be provided. It must be
properly heated and ventilated, and equipped
with lounge and chairs for comfort and rest.
A suitable space, effectively screened, in which
women may change their clothing must be
provided.
Where 4 or more women are employed, in
dividual lockers required.
A rest room, properly heated and ventilated,
with a cot and chairs for rest and comfort must
be provided.
.
Laundry, cleaning and dyeing
establishment.
<
Any
occupation.
Exemption
Commission may release em
ployer of fewer than 4 women on
his application and proper
showing.
2_
STATE LABOR LAW S FOR W O M E N
NORTH DAKOTA—Con.
Ibid., No. 5 --------- .
Telephone. (1922.)
Coverage
JF
r
Washroom accommodations, separate and apart
from those used by other sex, must be pro
vided for women and minors.
Facilities must be adequate and washrooms
kept in a clean and sanitary condition.
PENNSYLVANIA:
Statutes (Purdon) 1936,
title 43, sec. 109.
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS:
Session laws 1923, act
3071.
PUERTO RICO. No law.
RHODE ISLAND:
Session laws 1943, ch.
1313, sec. 1.
SOUTH CAROLINA. No
law.
For footnotes, see p. 28.
Establishment must provide
at least 1 retiring room for
exclusive use of women em
ployees.6
(Retiring room defined as a
room separate and apart
from workroom, to be used
as a rest room, or dressing
room, or both.)
If women employees number—
6 and fewer than 100:
1 cot, couch, or bed
must be provided.
100 and fewer than 250:
2 cots, couches, or
beds.
For every additional 250
women employees:
At least 1 additional
cot, couch, or bed.
Suitable wash and dressing rooms must be provided for use of female employees.
If both sexes are employed, separate rooms must
be provided for each.
Rooms must be so located as to
be accessible to workers.
Retiring room must be separate from toilet room
and so constructed and maintained that privacy is insured at all times. Entrance must
be clearly marked “Women.”
Proper heating, lighting, and ventilation re
quired.
Temperature to be not less than 68° F.
All parts of establishment must be kept in clean
and sanitary condition.
Suitable lockers or racks with separate hangers
or hooks for each woman must be provided in
retiring room or some other suitable place.
Room to be convenient for
workers,
At least 1 dressing room must
be provided for women and
children employees.
Any establishment, i. e., any place
where work is done for compensa
tion of any sort to whomever
payable. Exemptions: Agricul
tural field occupations; domestic
service in private homes; or
phans’ homes and industrial
schools.
Establishment employing 5 or
more women.
Factory, shop, or other place of
labor. Exemption: Small shops
which cannot comply because
of small capital may be exempted
by director of labor bureau.
Separate dressing room for women and girls
must be provided if factory inspector deems
such room “a necessity” in the establishment.
D R ESSIN G R O O M S; REST ROOMS
Department of labor
and industry—Regu
lations for industrial
sanitation. (1943.)
T
Any establishment.
to
to
os
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES—Continued
C.—Dressing Rooms; Rest Rooms—Continued
State
Number
SOUTH DAKOTA:
Code 1939, sec. 17.0606.
VERMONT. No law.
VIRGINIA:
Code 1942, sec. 1807.
WASHINGTON:
Industrial welfare com
mittee, order No. 23—
Public housekeeping.
(1921.)
Ibid., No. 25—Laun
dry, dry cleaning, or
Location; use
Factory, mill, or workshop where
women, girls, or children are
employed.
Separate dressing rooms must be provided for
each sex if the work is such as to require a
change of clothing.
Room must be thoroughly cleaned with soap and
water every week.
Any establishment or industry.
Where possible a locker must be provided for
each female worker or a clothes hook must be
furnished and placed so as to give ample space
for employee's street garments.
In places where special clothing is necessary a
room must be provided for changing. Such
room must afford privacy and be well lighted
and ventilated. Must be kept clean and the
floors cleaned daily and thoroughly scrubbed
weekly.
Establishments employing 6 Room must be properly equipped with chairs
and couches for use of workers. Must be kept
or more women must pro
clean, and the floors cleaned daily and thor
vide a rest room for workers.
oughly scrubbed weekly.
Standard first-aid kit as approved by the State
industrial commission must be provided, and
kept in dust-proof receptacle.
Room
must be equipped with cot, first-aid sup
In factories or industrial plants
plies, and hot and cold running water.
where women work around
machinery, a hospital or
emergency room must be
provided.
Rest rooms to be provided in Rooms must be suitable.
lieu of seats if nature of
work requires women to
stand.
A room for change of clothing
and for eating lunches must
be provided for women em
ployees.
Rest room must be provided
for women employees.
Coverage
Use to be permitted at all
reasonable times.
Manufacturing establishment
where nature of work requires
female employees to stand.
Room must be suitable—
For coverage see Lunch Rooms
chart.
Room must be adequate.
Laundry, dry cleaning, or dye
works. Exemption: Establish-
STATE LABOR LAW S FOR W O M E N
TENNESSEE. No law.
TEXAS. No law.
UTAH:
Industrial commission—
Standards for women
and children in indus
try. (1937.) *
Type
dye works. (1921.)
Ibid., No. 41—Mer
cantile. (1942.)
Ibid., Nos. 38 and 39__
Canning. (1942.)
Packing. (1942.)
Ibid., No. 27—Telephone and telegraph
and other public occupations. (1921.)
Establishment must provide
and maintain facilities and
arrangements for women to
rest.
Such facilities and arrangements must be ade
quate so that women may obtain rest when
fatigued or in case of illness.
Rest room and cloak room
must be provided for women
employees.
Rest room must be suitable and properly ven
tilated and heated.
Cloak room must be adequate.
WEST VIRGINIA:
Code 1931, sec. 21-3-13-.
WISCONSIN:
Industrial
comm isslon—General orders
on sanitation. (193».)
For footnotes ,see p. 28.
A locker room must be provided for workers.
Establishment used in connection
with the operation of any tele
phone or telegraph lines or of any
public occupation other than
public housekeeping; laundry,
dry cleaning and dye works; mer
cantile; and manufacturing (in
dustries regulated by special
orders).
For coverage see Lunch Rooms
chart.
If labor performed is of such character as to make
change of clothing necessary, sanitary and
suitable dressing rooms must be provided for
employees.
Separate dressing rooms and washing facilities
must be maintained for each sex.
If necessary, adequate washing facilities must be
provided for employees.
Factory, mercantile establishment,
mill, or workshop.
Locker room must be separated from toilet rooms
by solid partition.
Necessary furniture, such as benches and tables,
must be provided.
In establishments where workers’ clothes liecome
dirty or greasy, individual steel lockers equipped
with shelf and clothes hooks or banger bar
are required. Wooden lockers prohibited.
In establishments where employees work in or
with industrial poisons, suitable double
lockers must be provided so that employees
may keep their street and work clothes sep
arate.
In establishments employing 5 or more women,
rest rooms, suitably furnished for reclining,
must be provided.
Factory, mine, railroad shop, ware
house, foundry, and other simi
lar occupations; places of employ
ment where it is customary or,
because of the nature of the work,
necessary to change clothing.
Exemption: Mercantile establish
ments may provide dressing
rooms in lieu of locker rooms.
D RESSIN G R O O M S; REST ROOMS
Ibid., No. 30—Workmg conditions in
manufacturing or
other mercantile es
tablishments. (1922.)
Room most have adequate facilities and ar
rangements, so that women may obtain rest
when fatigued or in case of illness.
Room must be suitable and properly ventilated,
lighted, and heated.
ments employing fewer than 10
women may be granted exemp
tion by the industrial welfare
committee.
Mercantile establishment employ
ing females. (Exemption same as
in preceding entry.)
For coverage of Canning and Pack
ing industries see Seating chart.
to
-I
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES—Continued
C.—Dressing Rooms; Rest Rooms—Continued
State
Number
WISCONSIN—Con.
Every locker, dressing room, and rest room must
be properly lighted, heated and ventilated.
First-aid cabinet, constructed of material other
than wood or paper, must be as nearly dust
proof as possible.
Equipment must be kept in a sanitary and
orderly condition. Kit to be fully stocked at
all times.
First-aid room must be equipped to afford
reasonable first-aid treatment, according to
nature of the work carried on.
Whenever necessary, a competent physician or
registered nurse is to be in charge.
Equipment must be readily
accessible for first-aid treat
ment.
Coverage
Place of employment
WYOMING. No law.
CALIFORNIA:
1 This same provision is carried in 5 of the orders for special industries, namely: Public
housekeeping; Laundry, dry cleaning, and dyeing; Transportation; Amusement and
recreation; and Motion pictures—extras.
COLORADO:
2 Special protective clothing or equipment must be worn by employees (1) handling
hot or molten metals or substances; (2) exposed to contact with hazardous acids or chemi
cals; or (3) exposed to harmful rays from welding, cutting, or burning operations.
CONNECTICUT:
s The department of labor and factory inspection has broad powers to enforce the stat
ute requiring the master (employer) to provide a reasonably safe work place for his em
ployees. (General statutes 1930, sec. 5211; Cum. Supp. 1939, sec. 1474e.) The Sanitary
Code for Connecticut establishments, which has its legal basis on this statute, defines
dressing rooms and rest rooms and makes specifications for installing and equipping such
rooms in work places.
ILLINOIS:
4 When an employer has made an effort to comply with these rules and regulations, he
is deemed to be complying with them if, because of wartime limitations, necessary ma
terial and equipment are denied to him by competent Federal authority.
NEW YORK:
* Industrial commissioner may require that first-aid equipment be provided in mer
cantile establishments.
PENNSYLVANIA:
6 Regulations contain also a provision as to dressing facilities for male employees.
UTAH:
1 Commission may grant exemption to rules if in its opinion enforcement would not
materially increase the comfort, health, or safety of employees and would work undue
hardship on employer.
STATE LABOR LAW S FOR W O M E N
Establishments employing be
tween 3 and 250 employees
must have atjleast 1 first-aid
cabinet.
If employees on any one shift
number 250 or over, a firstaid room must be provided.
Location; use
Type
/>.— Toilet Room$
State
Number
ALABAMA:
Code 1940, Title 26, sec.
337.
ALASKA:
Code 1933, sec. 2126.
Type
Location; use
Separate water closets in building, or convenient
thereto, for use of woman and girl employees.
A sufficient number of water
closets. At least 1 to every
25 females and 1 to every 30
males.
CALIFORNIA:
Session laws 1941, ch. A sufficient number of water
349, sec. 2 (amending
closets.
sec. 2350 of Labor code
(Deering) 1937).
Industrial welfare com At least 1 water closet to—
mission, order No. 18—
Every 20 women and girl
Sanitary order. (1932.)
employees, or fraction
thereof, up to 200 women.
Every 30 women and girl
employees, or fraction
thereof, over 200 women.
(Number of employees
based on average em
ployed in peak season of
the establishment.)
Store or shop employing a woman
or girl as clerk or saleswoman.
Located within reasonable
access of employees,
Separate toilet and washrooms for employees of
each sex.
Cannery, factory, or other estab
lishment where labor is em
ployed.
Factory, manufacturing establish
ment, workshop, or other place
of employment.
Exemption:
Establishments in which fewer
than 6 men and women are em
ployed.
If there are 5 or more employees of different
sexes, separate water closets for the use of each
sex must be provided and plainly designated.
Located within reasonable ac
cess.
Factory, workshop, mercantile or
other establishment.
In establishments employing 5 or more men and
women, separate toilet rooms must be pro
vided for women and plainly designated.
All toilet rooms must be completely partitioned
off from work rooms, and the doors so located,
or protected by a fixed solid screen, that watercloset compartment is not visible from ad
joining room.
Rooms must be kept clean and sanitary, and
adequate lighting—natural or artificial—must
be provided so that every part of room is easily
visible.
Ventilation must be to outside of building only.
Compartments must be separate with doors
permitting easy entrance and exit. Bowl of
approved material to have adequate flushing
facilities.
Supply of toilet paper must be adequate.
Water closet may not be lo
cated more than 1 floor above
or below the employees’ regu
lar workplace unless use of
elevators permitted.
(In existing establishments, if
the commission determines
that a toilet cannot be pro
vided, relief periods must
be allowed to employees.)
Any occupation, trade, or industry.
Exemption: Commission may
grant exemption if satisfied after
investigation that enforcement of
rule works undue hardship on
employer and does not increase
comfort, health, and safety of
employees.
TO ILET ROOMS
ARIZONA. No law.
ARKANSAS:
Digest (Pope) 1937, sec.
9102.
If both sexes employed, water closets must be
separate and apart and plainly designated for
each sex.
Constructed in an approved manner and prop
erly enclosed.
Kept in clean and sanitary condition.
Coverage
For footnotes, see p. 43.
to
CO
03
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES—Continued
o
D.— Toilet Rooms—Continued
Number
Type
CALIFORNIA—Con.
Ibid., No.
16-A—
Motion pictures.
(1931.)
At least 1 seat to every 20
women employed on loca
tion.’
COLORADO:
Statutes annotated
1935, ch. 97, sec. 61.
Toilets must be kept in clean and sanitary
condition. Seats must be screened between
each one and in front. Toilet paper must be
provided.
A sufficient number of water
closets.
If both sexes employed, rooms separate and
apart for each sex and plainly designated.
Properly screened and ventilated.
Kept at all times in clean and sanitary condition.
Industrial commission—
Factory safety man
ual, Rule 59. (1942.)
At least 1 toilet for every 15
female employees and at
least 1 for every 20 male em
ployees.
Room must be thoroughly scrubbed and cleaned
daily. (Requirements as to separate toilets
and proper designation of them, and to sani
tary conditions of room are same as in the
statute. See preceding entry.)
CONNECTICUT:
General statutes 1930,
secs. 2357, 2363.
Department of labor
and factory inspec
tion—Sanitary Code.
(1943.) >
Idem.
Commissioner of labor and Accommodations to be so arranged as to secure
reasonable privacy for employees of both
factory inspection is au
sexes; rooms must be plainly designated. If
thorized to require establish
rooms used by women adjoin those used by
ment to provide adequate ac
men, a partition solidly constructed from floor
commodations for employees.
to ceiling must separate such rooms.
Accommodations must be kept in good repair,
and in clean and sanitary condition.
There must be convenient means for artificial
lighting, and adequate ventilation by window
or by suitable ventilators opening to the out
side.
Fixtures must be adequate.
Separate
toilet rooms or compartments must be
1 water closet for every 20 per
provided for each sex and plainly designated.
sons of each sex, or fraction
thereof up to 100 such per
sons.
If employees of either sex ex
ceed 100, an additional closet
must be installed for every
25 such employees.
Location; use
Coverage
For coverage see entry in Seating
chart.
Located withtn reasonable
access.
For reasonable use of employ
ees.
Factory, workshop, office, bakery,
laundry, store, hotel, schoolhou^e,
theater, moving-picture house,
place of public assemblage or
other building.
Exemptions:
Establishments in which fewer
than 4 persons are employed.
Plant employing both males and
females.
Accommodations to be con
structed inside of establish
ment, if practicable.
Manufacturing (includes laun
dries), mechanical or mercantile
establishment, or public res
taurant.
Water closet must be readily
accessible to persons for
whom designated and may
not be located more than 300
feet distant from regular
work place of those for whose
use it is intended, unless
service elevators, accessible
to employees, are provided.
Owner must provide separate toilets for tenants.. Within reasonable access, as
defined above.
Establishment employing
males and females.
both
Tenant factory, mercantile or office
building.
STATE LABOR LAW S FOR W O M EN
State
DELAWARE:
Revised code 1935, sec.
3633.
If number of females employed
is—
15 or fewer:
At least 1 water closet
must be provided;
Over 15:
1 closet must be pro
vided for every 25 per
sons.
Suitable water closets must be provided and kept
in good repair; they must be clean, sanitary,
and properly lighted and ventilated.
If number of employees—male and female—is 4
or more, separate water closets must be pro
vided for each sex and plainly designated.
When compartments for males and females ad
join, solid full-length partitions must separate
them; if entrances adjoin, there must be a
screen or partition at least 7 feet high. En
trance to a toilet used by females must be
effectively screened by partition or vestibule.
1 water closet for every 15 per
sons or fewer.
Separate water closets for each sex.*.
DISTRICT OF COLUM
BIA:
Commissioners of Dis
trict of Columbia—
Plumbing code, sec.
Industrial commis The number of water closets Toilet-room facilities must be provided for em
sion—Rules and reg
required for each sex may
ployees. (Privies permitted under conditions
ulations relating to
not be less than the following:
specified in the regulations.)
* * * toilet room
If employees of either sex number more than 5
r equirements.
(1944v)<
Water closets
1.......... ...............
2.................... .
3____ _____
4........ .................
5......................
1 for each addi
tional 30 per1 for each addi
tional 26 per
sons.
per working shift, separate toilet rooms for each
sex must be provided and plainly designated.
(Specifications as to construction of toilet
rooms and toilet compartments—the floors,
doors, facilities, etc.—are given in detail in the
Male Female
Regulations.)
Proper ventilation and illumination must be
provided by artificial means if and when
1-9
1-8
natural means not sufficient.
10-24
9-20 During periods of occupancy, room temperature
25-49 21-40
may not be less than 65° F.
50-74 41-60 Toilet paper must be provided.
75-99 61-80'
Over
99
Over
80
Employees
per shift
Mercantile, mechanical, transpor
tation, or manufacturing estab
lishment, laundry, baking or
printing establishment, dress
making establishment, place of
amusement, telephone or tele
graph office or exchange, hotel,
restaurant, or office.
School, store, warehouse, manu
facturing establishment or other
structure where men or women
are or will be employed.
Plant, factory, or other work place
employing labor in the produc
tion, servicing, altering, handl
ing, transporting, erecting, dis
assembling or wrecking of com
modities and materials. Exemp
tions: Retail store; professional,
financial, and office operations
other than plant and factory
office.
t o il e t room s
113(a). (1932.)
FLORIDA. No law.
GEORGIA. No law.
HAWAII. No law.
IDAHO. No law.
ILLINOIS:
Water closets must be easily
accessible.
For footnotes, see p. 43.
CO
co
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES—Continued
to
D.— Toilet Rooms—-Continued
Number
INDIANA:
Statutes
annotated
(Baldwin) 1934, secs.
10065, 10067.
At least 1 seat for each 25 per
sons and 1 seat for each frac
tion thereof above 10.
IOWA:
Code 1939, sec. 1483.
A sufficient number. At least
1 to every 20 employees.
KANSAS:
Industrial welfare or
der No. 1—Laundry.
(1939.)
Ibid., Nos. 2 and 3—
Manufacturing and
Mercantile. (1939.)
At least 1 toilet to every 20
female employees or major
fraction thereof.
KENTUCKY:
Revised statutes 1942, ..
sec. 338.120.
LOUISIANA:
General statutes (Dart)
1932, sec. 4332.
http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/
Federal Reserve Bank of St.+-Louis
A sufficient number of water
closets for reasonable use of
employees.
At least 1 water closet for each
25 employees.
Type
Location; use
Coverage
Suitable and proper water closets properly ___ ________ .....——-----screened and ventilated.
Kept in clean condition.
Where females are employed, separate water
closets having separate approaches must be
provided.
Must be properly screened and ventilated and For reasonable use of employkept clean at all times.
ees.
Where women and girls are employed, separate
water closets having separate approaches
must be provided for each sex.
Manufacturing or mercantile estab
lishment, mine, quarry, laundry,
renovating works, bakery, or
printing office.
Separate toilets for each sex must be provided
and plainly designated. (If laundry is so
located that separate toilets are impracticable
or impossible, plant must make such suitable
toilet provisions as the department of labor
requires.)
Doors must be properly screened.
Suitable and convenient toilets, separate for each
sex.
Must be thoroughly ventilated and open to out
side air.
Kept in clean and sanitary condition.
Laundry, dyeing, dry-cleaning,
and pressing establishment.
Suitable water closets and wash rooms must be
provided. Privy closets permitted if sewer
connection impossible.
Rooms and facilities must be properly screened
and ventilated, and kept clean at all times.
If establishment employs both men and women,
separate toilet rooms having entrances entirely
separate must be provided for each sex.
Every employer of females.
Proper water closets.
Manufacturing or mercantile estab
lishment, workshop or hotel.
Exemption: Establishments hav
ing fewer than 5 employees.
Manufacturing establishment.
Mercantile establishment.
Located within
access.
reasonable
Factory, mill, manufacturing es
tablishment, workshop, ware
house, mercantile establishment
or store, or “any other occupa
tion or establishment herein
>
STATE LABOR LAW S FOR W O M E N
State
MAINE:
Advisory council of
health and welfare—
Rules and regula
tions, relating to sani
tation of factories
and mercantile estab
lishments. (1937.)
For footnotes, see p. 43.
Water closets must be provided for each sex and
plainly designated.
Closets not to be locked during working hours.
Number of water closets to be
based upon maximum num
ber of males or females em
ployed at any one time on
the given floor or floors or in
the building.
Water closets are to be pro
vided according to the num
ber of employees, as follows:
Closets
Employees
1.................
1-15
2—................. 16- 35
3—............ .
36- 55
4—................. 56- 80
5........
81-110
6........
111-150
7----------------- 151-190
and thereafter at the rate of
1 for every 30 employees.
For every 20 persons employed
at one time, at least 1 wash
basin with water-supplies
faucet must be provided.
If more than 100 persons em
ployed, 1 additional basin
must be provided for every
additional 25 employees.
(State bureau of health may
modify rule for special indus
tries or occupations.)
In plants where lead, arsenic,
or other poisonous sub
stances or injurious fumes,
dust or gases are present as
an incident of the occupa
tion, 1 washbasin or its
equivalent must be pro
vided for every 10 em
ployees. This rule applies
also to establishments manu
facturing or packing or sell
ing unwrapped food prod
ucts.
If both sexes employed:
Separate compartments or toilet rooms must
be provided for each sex, and plainly desig
nated.
Partition separating such compartments must
be full length.
Water closets must be so placed or screened
that they will not be visible from any place
where persons of the other sex work or pass.
Every compartment used by females must
have a door fastened by a latch or lock.
Rooms, compartments, fixtures must be kept
in good order and repair, and in clean, odor
less, and sanitary condition.
Adequate supply of toilet paper required.
(Rules for heating, lighting, and ventilation of
the toilet rooms are given in detail in the
regulations.)
Water closets must be readily
accessible to employees.
May not be located more than
1 floor above or below the
employees’ regular place of
work, unless use of elevators
is permitted. Refrigerating
plants, flour or cereal mills
or elevators or buildings
approved by department of
health and welfare are ex
empted from this rule.
Factory or mercantile establish
ment. Exemption: Mercantile
establishments employing fewer
than 8 persons.
In factories, washrooms must be suitable, sepa
rate for each sex, and adequately equipped
with washing facilities.
In the other industries covered, washrooms or
washing facilities must be adequate, and sepa
rate for each sex whenever required by rules
of the health and welfare department.
In washrooms used by females, enclosing walls
must be at least 7 feet high; if rooms used by
males and females adjoin, separating wall
must reach the ceiling.
Rooms must be adequately ventilated, heated,
and lighted.
If lead, arsenic, or other poisonous substances,
etc., are present in the business or occupation,
hot water, soap, and individual towels must
be furnished. This rule applies also to estab
lishments manufacturing or packing or selling
unwrapped food products.
Use of common towel prohibited.
Rooms must be convenient
for employees.
Factory; mercantile establishment
employing 8 or more persons,
office of a telegraph or messenger
company in first or second class
city; station, terminal, or car
barn where women employees of
a street, surface, electric, subway,
or elevated railtoad report for
duty.
above mentioned” in which 5 or
more young persons or women are
employed and every such insti
tutions in which 2 or more chil
dren, young persons, or women
are employed. (See parenthetical
Note in entry in Seating chart.)
t o il e t room s
Idem.
If 2 or more persons and 1 or
more females are employed,
a sufficient number of water
closets must be provided for
each sex.
O0
GC
co
>£■
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES—Continued
D.— Toilet Rooms—Continued
State
Sufficient number of water
closets—not less than 1 for
every 20 women or fraction
thereof nor less than 1 for
every 25 men or fraction
thereof.
Idem.
MASSACHUSETTS:
General laws 1932, ch.
149, secs. 1, 133; ses
sion laws 1936, ch. 78.
Type
Location; use
Coverage
Hotel, lodging or boarding house,
store, office, workshop, factory,
or cannery.
Separate water closets and toilet rooms must be
provided for each sex.
Hotel, theater, store, office build
ing, workshop, factory, cannery,
and all other places of employ
ment or accommodation.
Suitable and adequate water closets and wash Water closets and washing Every industrial establishment,
i. e., factory, workshop, bakery,
facilities must be convenient
ing facilities must be provided, separate for
mechanical establishment, laun
for employees—in such loca
each sex and plainly designated.
dry, foundry, tenement house,
tion as may be determined
Must be constructed, lighted, ventilated, ar
workrooms,
all other buildings
by department’s reasonable
ranged, and maintained as may be determined
or parts thereof where manufac
rules and regulations.
by department.
_
turing
is
carried
on; mercantile
If connection with a sewer system is impossible
establishment (including restau
or impracticable in opinion of the labor de
rants
and
cleaning,
dyeing,
partment, establishment must provide such
laundering, or pressing establish
suitable toilet and washing facilities as the
ment).
department may require.
closets and washing Every industrial establishment.
Department of labor A sufficient number of water Proper water closets and washing facilities re Water
(For definition see preceding
facilities must be readily
quired.
closets and washing facilities
and industries, divi
entry.)
accessible
to employees’.
If
both
sexes
are
employed,
separate
compart
must
be
provided
for
em
sion of industrial safe
ments or toilet rooms, plainly designated, Toilet room may not be more
ployees.
ty—Rules and regu
than 300 feet from workplace
must be provided.
lations for toilets in At least 1 seat to every 25 em
of employees for whose use
ployees or fraction thereof, Where compartments for the two sexes adjoin,
industrial establish
it is designated, unless serv
a
solid
plaster
or
metal-covered
partition
must
based
upon
the
number
of
ments. (1943.)
ice elevators are accessible to
extend from floor to ceiling.
persons of either sex em
employees.
If compartment opens directly into a work
ployed at one time.
At
least 1 washbowl, sink, or
room where both sexes are employed or into
At least 1 washbowl, sink, or
other suitable appliance
a passageway frequented by both sexes, en
other appliance must be
must
be provided in or ad
trance
must
be
screened
by
a
screen
or
vesti
maintained for every 30 per
jacent to every toilet room.
bule at least 6 feet high.
sons. (Number based upon
Room
and
facilities
must
be
adequately
ven
the maximum number of
tilated and well lighted.
persons entitled to use the
If 10 or more males and 10 or more females are
same at any one time.)
employed together, separate washing facili
ties must be provided for each sex and plainly
designated.
Number of water closets and
washing facilities for em
ployees to be determined
by reasonable rules and
regulations of department
of labor and industries.
STATE LABOR LAW S FOR W O M E N
MARYLAND:
Maryland department
of hea 11h—State
plumbing code.
(1921.)
Number
MICHIGAN:
Compiled laws 1929,
sec. 8332.
MINNESOTA:
Statutes 1941,
182.29, 182.40.
secs.
MISSISSIPPI:
State board of health—
Sanitaiy and safety
regulations for indus
trial establishments.
(1943.)
Water closets must be pro
vided according to number
of employees on a shift. The
ratio is:
1 to every 20 persons—
If fewer than 100 em
ployees.
1 to every 30 persons—
If 100 to 500 employ
ees.
1 to every 35 persons—
If 500 to 1,000 em
ployees.
1 to every 40 persons—
If over 1,000 employ
ees.
At least 1 toilet facility must
be provided for every 30
persons of each sex.
MISSOURI
Revised statutes 1939,
sec. 10191.
Ibid, sec. 10240-............ A sufficient number of water
closets must be provided for
employees.
MONTANA. No law.
For footnotes, see p. 43.
If females are employed, toilets must be separate
and distinct for each sex, and plainly desig
nated.
°
Within reasonable access.......
For reasonable use of employ-
Manufacturing establishment,
workshop, hotel, or store em
ploying 5 or more persons; insti
tution employing 2 or more
women or minors.
Place of employment. (For defini
tion of “place of employment"
see Seating chart.)
Toilets must be sepaiate for each sex and plainly
designated.
Adequate and sanitary water closets, separate
for each sex, must be provided.
Toilet rooms and washrooms must be ade
quately lighted, screened, ventilated, and
kept clean.
In plants where food is processed or packed,
toilet facilities must be screened off from the
plant in a manner approved by State board
of health.
Adequate supply of toilet paper required.
Adequate and clean washing facilities must be
provided.
Common towel prohibited. Cloth' or paper
towels must be supplied in proper holder.
If persons of both sexes employed, separate
water closets must be provided for each sex.
Proper water closets must be provided_____
If both males and females employed, separate
water closets required for each sex; must be
plainly designated.
Place of employment where 5 or
more persons of opposite sexes
are employed. Exemptions: Do
mestic service; agricultural labor.
Water closets must be readily
accessible.
Washing facilities must be in,
or in close proximity to,
toilet room.
Within reasonable access
For reasonable use of employ-
Industrial establishment.
definitions see entry
Lunch Rooms.
(For
under
TO ILET ROOMS
Ibid., secs. 182.29,
182.37.
Sufficient number of proper
water closets must be pro
vided—at least 1 for each 25
persons employed.
Manufacturing, mechanical, mer
cantile or other establishment.
Factory employing 3 or more per
sons; workshop employing 3 or
more children, young persons, or
women.
OO
Or
oo
os
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES—Continued
D.— Toilet Rooms—Continued
State
Type
Location; use
Coverago
Sufficient number of water
closets—1 for every 20 male
or female employees or frac
tion thereof.
If both males and females employed, water
closets, separate and apart, must be provided
for each sex and plainly designated.
Such closets must be properly enclosed and
ventilated, and kept in a clean and sanitary
condition.
Separate toilet rooms must be provided for each
sex, and plainly designated.
Within reasonable access-----For reasonable use of employ-
Factory, mill, workshop, mercan
tile or mechanical establishment
or other building where 1 or
more persons are employed.
NEVADA:
Compiled laws 1929,
secs. 2812, 2813.
NEW HAMPSHIRE:
Revised laws 1942, ch.
215, secs. 1, 6, and 15.
Bureau of labor—Fac
tory inspection,
standard No. 5.
(1942.)
Employer must provide and maintain reason
able and proper toilet facilities and reasonably
sanitary and hygienic conditions for employ-
The number of toilet seats
provided for female employ
ees may not be less than 1 to
every 25 employees or frac
tion thereof.
At least 1 washbasin with ade
quate water supply is re
quired for every 10 employ
ees or fraction thereof up to
100 persons, and 1 for each
additional 15 employees or
fraction thereof.
For employees exposed to
poisonous, infectious, or ir
ritating material, a lavatory
supplied with hot and cold
water from 1 faucet must be
provided for each 5 employ
ees. A shower bath must
Authorizes commissioner of labor to make and
adopt orders, rules, or regulations to require
compliance with sanitation statute.
If both sexes are employed, separate compart
ments or toilet rooms must be provided for
each sex and plainly designated.
If entrance to water-closet compartment opens
directly into section of building frequented by
both sexes, it must be vestibuled or fitted
•with doors of slatted construction so designed
as to make interior of compartment invisible.
Doors or vestibules must be at least 6 feet high
and within 4 inches of floor.
If compartments for males adjoin those for fe
males, partition must be metal clad and ex
tend to the floor.
,
.,
Compartment doors must be fitted with suit
able inside fasteners.
Ventilation to outside air required.
.
Toilets and facilities must be kept clean and in
proper repair.
Washing facilities must be adequate.
Any person, firm, association, or
corporation employing 5 or more
males and 3 or more females.
Exemptions: Office building hav
ing toilet rooms reasonably ac
cessible within the building;
domestic servants.
Factory, mill, workshop or other
manufacturing establishment, or
mercantile establishment. Ex
emption: Establishment employ
ing fewer than 3 persons regular
ly.
Do.
STATE LABOR LAW S FOR W O M E N
NEBRASKA:
Compiled statutes 1929,
see. 48-401.
Number
NEW JERSEY:
Revised statutes 1937,
secs. 34: 2-33 and 34:
6-66.
Department of labor—
Standard minimum
sanitary regulations.
(1939.)
Department of labor,
Industrial code bulle
tins Nos. 9 and 16—
Rules relating to san
itation of factories and
mercantile establish
ments. (1939.)
For footnotes, see p. 43.
Liquid or powdered soap in a suitable dispenser
must be provided at each wash place.
Common towel prohibited. Cloth or paper
towels must be provided.
Sufficient number of water
closets must be provided
for each sex.
In mercantile establishments,
commissioner may order
that washrooms be provided
for employees.
Water closets must be suitable and separate for
each sex.
Must be kept clean and properly screened and
ventilated.
Water closets for women must have separate
approaches.
In factories, workshops, or mills, suitable and
convenient washrooms must be provided for
each sex.
Separate toilet rooms must be provided for each
sex. Rooms must be separate and apart from
workrooms and passageways, and plainly
designated.
Must be screened to insure privacy.
Adequate lighting, heating, and ventilation re
quired.
“Occupier" responsible for maintenance of
toilet rooms and compartments in a clean and
sanitary condition.
If number of persons on shift
is 100 or fewer—
1 toilet for every 20 em
ployees.
If 100 to 500—
1 toilet for every 30 em
ployees.
If 500 to 1,000—
1 toilet for every 35 em
ployees.
If 1,000 to 5,000—
1 toilet for every 40 em
ployees.
A sufficient number of water
closets.
Number of water closets pro
vided for each sex to be as
follows (number to be based
on maximum number of
males and of females em
ployed at any one time on
the given floor or floors or
Suitable water closets must be maintained in
side building where employees work unless
board of standards and appeals determines
that this is impracticable.
Separate compartments or toilet rooms required
for female employees.
Compartments, toilet rooms, and fixtures must
be kept in sanitary condition and in proper
repair.
Room or compartment and fixtures must be
properly constructed, and maintained in ac
cordance with rules of the board of standards
and appeals.
If both males and females employed, separate
water-closets, compartments, or toilet rooms
must be provided for each sex and plainly des
ignated.
Water closets must be conven
iently located.
Mercantile establishment; factory,
workshop, or mill.
Facilities must be located con
veniently to and easily ac
cessible from all places where
persons are employed.
Toilet rooms without sewer
connections maintained out
side of work building must
be at least 25 feet from any
such building.
All occupations.
Convenient.
Factory (for definition see Dressing
Rooms, chart); mercantile estab
lishment; restaurant; telegraph or
messenger company in a city;
station, terminal, or car bam
where women employed by com
pany report for duty. (Covers
freight or passenger elevator op
erators connected with factory or
mercantile establishment.)
Closets must be readily acces
sible to employees using
them. Water closets may
not be located more than 1
floor above or below regular
work place of the employees
using them unless passenger
Factory; mercantile establishment.
T O IL E T ROOMS
NEW MEXICO. No law.
NEW YORK:
Consolidated laws (Ca
hill) 1930, ch. 32, secs.
203, 295, 381.
also be provided for each 15
such workers or portion
thereof.
OO
CO
oo
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES—Continued
D.— Toilet Rooms—Continued
Number
State
NEW YORK—Continued.
Type
Location; use
Coverage
elevator service is available
and permitted to employees
of the establishment.
in the building for which
such closets are provided):
NORTH CAROLINA:
General statutes 1943,
sec. 95-48.
Ibid., sec. 95-30.................................
NORTH DAKOTA:
Minimum wage depart
ment, orders Nos. 1
(as amended) to 4:
Public housekeep
ing. (1939.)
Manufacturing.
(1922.)
Mercantile. (1932.)
Laundry. (1932.)
Ibid., No. 5—Tele
phone. (1922.)
Any manufacturing industry; any
other business employing more
than 2 males and females in towns
of at least 1,000 population, and
where employees do chiefly in
door work.
Factory or shop employing more
than 25 laborers in which ma
chinery is used for manufacturing
or for any purposes other than for
elevation or for heating or hoist
ing apparatus.
Toilet rooms, separate and distinct for each sex
must be provided for employees and plainly
designated.
Rooms must be kept clean.
A medical or surgical chest equipped as specified
in the statute must be provided.
Suitable toilets, separate and apart from those
used by other sex must be provided for women
employees.
Must be convenient-------------
Proper facilities for adequate ventilation must ------------------------------- -------be provided pursuant to orders of labor depart
ment.
Separate toilets must be provided for women
employees.
Toilets must be thoroughly ventilated and open
to outside air.
Kept in clean and sanitary condition.
Public housekeeping, manufactur
ing, mercantile, or laundry
establishment employing 3 or
more women.
Manufacturing, mercantile, or
laundry establishment employ
ing women.
Telephone exchange. Exemption:
Towns of less than 1,800
population.
STATE LABOR LAW S FOR W O M E N
Closets:
Employees
1..........................
1-15
2..........................
16-35
3..........
36-55
4___.....................
56-80
5__.......................- 81-110
6._„............... — 111-150
7______
151-190
And thereafter at the rate of 1
closet for every 30 persons.
OHIO:
Code (Throckmorton)
1940, secs. 1009, 1010.
1 water closet for every 25 fe
males or less.
OKLAHOMA:
Statutes 1941, title 40,
sec. 83.
For footnotes, see p. 43.
Manufacturing, mechanical or mer
cantile establishment, workshop,
laundry, printing office, dress
making or millinery establish
ment, hotel, restaurant, theater,
telegraph or telephone estab
lishment and office, or any other
establishment employing fe
males.
Factory, manufacturing estab
lishment or workshop where men
and women are employed.
Adequate and suitable toilet facilities must be
provided.
Separate toilet and washrooms must be pro
vided for each sex.
Ibid., sec. 118.
Ibid., No. 14—Sanitary
conditions in hop
yards, berry fields
and orchards, and in
“Toilet and dressing rooms Any establishment in which fe
males are employed.
and water closets shall be
situated together.’’
Must be on same floor or floor
immediately above or below
place where employee works.
Toilet or water closet may not
be located in basement or
cellar unless females are ac
tually and regularly em
ployed there.
If establishment is in town
without sewerage and water
works, water closet out
side of building may not
be more than 50 feet, nor less
than 20 feet, from the build
ing.
Tenement, dwelling or other build
If at least 3 of 10 or more employees are women,
ing thereof for making apparel or
suitable and separate water closets must be
manufacturing cigars, cigarettes,
provided for each sex.
and tobacco goods.
Suitable and separate toilet rooms and water
closets must be provided for female employees.
Rooms must be properly ventilated.
At least 1 toilet to every 12
women or minors employed
at one time or majority frac
tion thereof.
If women are employed, at
least 1 seat for each 20 em
ployees must be provided.
Any establishment where women
and minors are employed. Ex
emption: Commission may re
lease employer of fewer than 4
women on his application and
proper showing.
Toilets must be separate and apart for each sex. Dry closets must be provided Hop yard, orchard, berry or vege
table field or any packing house
at convenient places in
Except for packing houses women’s toilets must
in which fruits, vegetables, meat,
fields, hop yards, orchards, or
be in separate buildings from men’s toilets.
fish, or poultry are packed, cured,
camp grounds.
Toilet doors must have latches on inside.
or dried.
Suitable toilet rooms, separate and apart from
those used by opposite sex.
Must be thoroughly ventilated and open to
outside air.
Kept in clean and sanitary condition.
t o il e t r o o m s
Ibid., secs. 1020, 1022__. ....... do----------
OREGON:
Wage and hour com
mission, order No.
15—Sanitary and
physical welfare.
(1941.)
Exchange in towns of less than
1,800 population.
If toilet facilities are found to be inadequate and
unsatisfactory, department may order that
adequate accommodations be provided.
Idem.
Must be convenient.
CO
CO
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES—Continued
O
D.— Toilet Rooms—Continued
State
Number
Type
PENNSYLVANIA:
Statutes (Purdon)
1936, title 43, sec.
109.
Idem.
Coverage
If packing house does not have
adequate sewer system, dry
closets must be installed at
a reasonable distance from
plant.
At least 1 water closet or
privy must be provided for
each 25 females employed
or permitted to work.
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS:
Session laws 1923, Act
3071, sec. 9.
PUERTO RICO. No law.
RHODE ISLAND:
Session laws 1943, ch.
1313, sec. 6.
Location; use
If number of employees in es
tablishment is:
25 or fewer:
1 water closet for each
sex must be pro
vided.
Over 25:
1 water closet for each
40 employees of
either sex or frac
tion thereof exceed
ing one-half.
Suitable water closets must be provided for
use of female employees.
If both sexes employed, separate closets must be
provided for each sex.
All water closets must be properly lighted and
separated from work room by full length
partitions.
Compartments to have sufficient direct outside
ventilation by window or other means.
Entrances to be screened from work rooms and
from entrances to toilets used by other sex.
Must be kept clean and sanitary at all times.
Located so as to be accessible
to workers.
Any establishment, i. e., any place
where work is done for compen
sation of any sort to whomever
payable. Exemptions: Agricul
tural field occupations; domestic
service in private homes; orphans'
homes and industrial schools.
Separate and suitable water closets and sepa
rate lavatories must be provided for each sex.
Factory, shop, or other place of
labor. Exemption: Small shops
which can not comply because
of small capital, may be ex
empted by director of labor
bureau.
If both males and females employed, separate
water closets, separately located, must be pro
vided for each sex.
Must have separate entrances, properly des
ignated, and built so as to insure privacy.
Water closets must be effectively trapped and
ventilated.
Any building adjacent to a public
main or water service, in which
a factory, manufacturing or
mercantile establishment is
located.
Such facilities must be provided as inspectors
of department of labor determine necessary
to meet “demands of health and propriety.” I
All other places where women and
children are employed.
STATE LABOR LAWS FOR WOMEN
OREGON—Continued.
Ibid., No. 14—Con.
fruit, vegetable, meat,
fish, and poultry
packing houses.
(1941.)
SOUTH CAROLINA:
Code 1942, sec. 3241....... Sufficient number of water
closets.
Factory, mercantile, or other estab
lishment or office where 2 or more
males and 2 or more females are
employed together.
Separate water closets for male and female em
ployees must be provided.
Must be kept in clean and sanitary condition
and properly ventilated.
In factories and workshops, water closets must
be thoroughly cleaned with soap and water
once a week.
Factory, mill, or workshop where
women, girls, or children are
employed.
Separate water closets must be provided for
female employees.
Separate toilet rooms must be maintained for
each sex and properly designated.
Adequate ventilation required.
Room must be cleaned regularly.
Manufacturing or mercantile es
tablishments.
All occupations.
A sufficient number of water
closets must be provided.
1 to every 20 females: 1 to
every 25 males.
(If establishment has
more than 1 shift of 8
hours or less, the
number of toilets re
quired would be
determined by the
average number of
employees in the
establishment at any
time.)
If both males and females employed, separate
water closets must be provided for each sex.
Closets must be constructed in an approved
manner and properly enclosed.
Must be kept in clean and sanitary condition and
effectively ventilated and disinfected.
Must be properly lighted during operation of
establishment.
Factory, mill, workshop, mercan
tile establishment, laundry, or
other establishment.
1 toilet Mid 1 washbowl must
be provided for every 15 employees or fraction thereof.
If 3 or more women and/or minors are employed,
separate toilet rooms for women must be pro
vided, and plainly designated.
Compartments and rooms must be kept clean
and well lighted and ventilated. Floors to be
cleaned daily and thoroughly scrubbed weekly.
Adequate supply of toilet paper required.
Convenient washing facilities with hot and cold
water, soap, and individual towels must be
provided.
SOUTH DAKOTA:
Code 1939, sec.
17.0606.
TENNESSEE:
Code 1932, sec. 5309.......
Department of labor,
division of workshop
and factory inspection—Rules and regulations, rule XIII.
(1939.)
TEXAS:
Revised civil statutes
1936, art. 5177.
UTAH:
Industrial commission—
Standards for women
and children in industry*. (1937.)
If number of persons employed
is:
Fewer than 10:
1 toilet to 5 persons.
Over 10 and under 75:
1 toilet to 12^ persons.
Over 75:
1 toilet to 20 persons.
i
For footnotes, see p. 43
I
Toilets must be placed so that
entrance is not directly into
a workroom.
Any establishment or industry.
T O IL E T ROOMS
Separate for each sex and plainly designated___
Must be kept clean and free from disagreeable
odors.
REQUIREMENTS AS TO PLANT FACILITIES—Continued
&
D.— Toilet Rooms—Continued
Number
Type
Location; use
Coverage
VERMONT:
Department of indus
trial relations—Gen
eral safety regulations
for industrial plants.
(1941.)
Sufficient number of toilet
seats for use of employees.
At least 1 for each 25 persons
employed at any one time.
If men and women employed at the same time,
separate toilet rooms must be provided for
each sex and plainly designated.
Room and equipment must be kept clean. There
must be adequate heat, light, and ventilation.
Room and facilities must be
accessibly located.
Factory, mill, workshop, or other
building or place in which em
ployees perform manual labor.
VIRGINIA:
Code 1942, secs. 1822,
1826.
Sufficient number of water
closets must be provided.
If both sexes employed, separate water closets
must be provided for each, and plainly desig
nated.
Toilet rooms must have separate entrances for
each sex.
Reasonable access must be af
forded to employees.
Any establishment employing 5 or
more persons and any factory,
workshop, mercantile establish
ment, or other establishment, or
office employing 2 or more children
under 18 years of age or women.
Exemption: Buildings used ex
clusively for offices, if separate
toilets are conveniently access
ible in the building (Applica
tion of the statute to stores and
office buildings in cities or towns
of 5,000 inhabitants or less, is to
be determined by the labor com
missioner.)
WASHINGTON:
Industrial welfare com
mittee, order No. 23—
Public housekeeping.
(1921.)
Ibid., No. 35A—Beauty
culture. (1940.)
Ibid., No. 25—Laundry,
dry cleaning, or dye
works. (1921.)
Ibid., Nos. 27 and 41:
Telephone and tele
graph and other
public occupations.
(1921.) Mercantile.
(1942.)
Ibid., Nos. 38 and 39:
Canning. (1942.)__
Packing. (1942.)
Separate toilets for women must be provided.
For coverage see Lunch Rooms
chart.
Where women are employed, regular toilet and
washroom facilities, including individual
towels, must be available.
Toilets, adequate, separate, and apart must be
provided for women. Individual towels—
cloth or paper—must be furnished.
Beauty culture industry.
Toilets for women employees must be separate
and apart from toilets used by males. Must
be properly ventilated and kept and main
tained in a sanitary condition.
For coverage of telephone and tele
graph order see Dressing Rooms
chart.
Mercantile establishment employ
ing women.
Adequate toilet and washroom facilities must be
provided for women and kept in a sanitary
condition, lighted, heated, and ventilated.
For coverage see Seating chart.
For coverage see Dressing Rooms
chart.
STATE LABOR LA W S FOR W O M E N
State
Ibid., No. 30—Working
conditions in manu
facturing or other
mercantile establish
ments. (1922.)
Sufficient number of wash
bowls or sink space must be
provided.
WEST VIRGINIA:
Code 1931, sec. 21-3-12.. Sufficient number of water
closets must be provided.
WISCONSIN:
Industrial commis
sion- General orders
on sanitation. (1939.)
If both males and females employed, separate
water closets, plainly designated, must be pro
vided for each sex.
Constructed in approved manner and properly
enclosed.
Must be kept in clean and sanitary condition
and properly lighted and ventilated.
If more than 5 persons of both sexes are em
ployed, separate toilet rooms having separate
entrances, properly screened, must be pro
vided.* •
Room must be distinctly marked as to the sex
using it.
Rooms must be adequate, completely enclosed,
and so arranged as to insure privacy.
Room and fixtures must be kept clean and in
good repair and must be adequately lighted
and ventilated.
Sufficient toilet paper must be provided
If water and sewer systems are not available to
employer, outdoor toilets that comply with
commission’s orders and conditions are per
mitted.
Adequate washing facilities, in or adjacent to
toilet rooms, must be provided.
CALIFORNIA:
i On studio lots toilet facilities must meet the requirements set forth in the commission’s
sanitary order.
CONNECTICUT:
* The department of labor and factory inspection has broad powers to enforce the statute
requiring the master (employer) to provide a reasonably safe work place for his employees
{General statutes 1930, sec. 5211; Cum. Supp. 1939, sec. 1474e.) The Sanitary Code for
Connecticut establishments, which has its legal basis on this statute makes specifica
tions for installing and equipping toilet rooms and toilet facilities in work places
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA:
* In present emergency because of war requirements, use of toilets by both sexes is
permitted.
Wash bowls or sink space to be
located either within, or ad
jacent to, the toilet room,
and in the direct route be
tween toilet room and work
place. If not so located,
must be installed in an ap
proved location.
Do.
Factory, mercantile establishment,
mill, or workshop.
Place of employment, 1. e., any
manufactory, mechanical or mer
cantile establishment, beauty
parlor, laundry, restaurant, con
fectionery store, telegraph or
telephone office or exchange, or
express or transportation com
pany.
T O IL E T ROOMS
WYOMING, No law.
1 water closet must be pro
vided for every 20 persons or
fraction thereof of either sex
on any one shift.
In new instaUations there
must be at least 1 lavatory
for every 5 toilet fixtures or
fraction thereof.
In establishments where em
ployees handle injurious or
poisonous materials or
where food is prepared or
manufactured, or in other
places of employment where
employees’ hands become
dirty or greasy, at least 1 lav
atory with hot water must
be provided for every 10 em
ployees or fraction thereof.
Toilet rooms must be kept in a sanitary condi
tion and adequately lighted, heated, and ven
tilated.
Adequate washing facilities must be provided.
Soap and individual or paper towels must be
furnished.
ILLINOIS:
< When an employer has made an effort to comply with these rules and regulations, he
is deemed to be complying with them if, because of wartime limitations, necessary
and e(lulPment are denied to him by competent Federal authority.
UTAH:
’
• Commission may grant exemption to rules if in its opinion enforcement would not
materially increase the comfort, health, or safety of employees and would work undue
hardship on employer.
WISCONSIN:
« Separate toilet rooms are not required in buildings where 5 or fewer persons are em
ployed if written approval of industrial commission or State board of health is obtained.
The door of toilet room must be kept locked and the key kept in a place accessible to all
employees.
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@FedFRASER