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grinnell college
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State Hour Laws
For Women
WOMEN’S BUREAU BULLETIN 277

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary

WOMEN’S BUREAU
Mrs. Esther Peterson, Director

State Hour Laws
Fer Women
J^tHT O?*

^jres o*.

WOMEN’S BUREAU BULLETIN 277
(Revision of Bulletin 250)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary

WOMEN’S BUREAU

Mbs. Esther Peterson, Director
WASHINGTON ; 1961

hL/

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington 25, D.C. - Price 35 cents

foreword
This bulletin covers the provisions of State hour laws for women
as of October 1, 1960. It provides an analysis of the laws regulating
daily and weekly hours of work, day of rest, meal and rest periods,
and nightwork; i.e., standards established by State hour laws and regu
lations pursuant thereto and by State minimum-wage laws and orders.
The most recent of a series of reports published by the Women’s
Bureau on State hour laws for women, this bulletin supersedes
Bulletin 250, issued in 1953. The first such report, “State Laws
Affecting Working Women,” Bulletin 16, was issued in 1921. In the
period of approximately 40 years since publication of the original
bulletin, significant gains have been made in the establishment of
legal hour standards governing the employment of women in virtually
all States.
In 1960, laws in 24 States and the District of Columbia set a
maximum of 8 hours a day, 48 hours or less a week, or both; in 1921,
laws in 12 States, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico set such
maximum hour standards. Today, 22 States and the District of
Columbia have laws which require at least 1 day of rest in every
7 days; in 1921, 12 States and the District of Columbia had such
laws. Meal periods of specified duration must be allowed women
workers in one or more industries in 25 States, the District of Colum
bia and Puerto Rico; whereas, approximately 40 years ago, such
laws were in effect in 19 States and Puerto Rico. Nightwork for
adult women is prohibited or regulated, or both prohibited and reg
ulated, in one or more industries or occupations in 21 States and
Puerto Rico; in the earlier period, nightwork laws for adult women
were in effect in 15 States and Puerto Rico.
This bulletin was prepared by Regina M. Neitzey and Josephine
M. Urani, under the direction of Alice Angus Morrison, Chief of the
Division of Women’s Labor Law and Civil and Political Status. The
material presented in this report has been reviewed by State admin
istrators in individual State reports. These separate reports are
available on request to the Women’s Bureau.

Esther Peterson,
Director, Women’s Bureau.

iii

State Hour Laws for Women
SUMMARY
The first enforceable law which regulated the maximum hours of
employment of women became effective in Massachusetts in 1879.
Today, 46 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico have
established standards governing at least one aspect of women’s hours
of employment; i.e., maximum daily or weekly hours, day of rest, meal
and rest periods, or nightwork. A number of such laws include special
provisions which permit a variation from the established standards,
or provide for overtime hours of work under specified conditions, or
both. Only 4 States—Alabama, Florida, Hawaii1 and Iowa—have
not established any legal standards governing hours of employment
of women.
Maximum Daily and Weekly Hours
Forty-three States and the District of Columbia have laws which
regulate the number of daily and/or weekly hours of employment for
women in one or more industries.
Seven States—Alabama, Alaska, Florida, Hawaii, Indiana, Iowa,
and West Virginia—and Puerto Rico do not have such laws. Al
though the laws of Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico set no maximum
daily and weekly hours, minimum-wage laws require the payment
of premium rates for time worked beyond hours specified.
The highest standards 2 (the lowest maximum hours) established
for daily and weekly hours in each of the 43 States and the District
of Columbia are shown in the following analysis.
Twenty-four States and the District of Columbia have laws regu
lating the employment of women which establish, as their highest
standard, a maximum of 8 hours a day, 48 hours a week, or both for
one or more industries.* *
i Although Hawaii’s “wage and hour law” does not place a limit on hours of employment, it requires
payment of one and one-half times the employee's regular rate for hours over 40 a week.
* If a State has set different legal maximum-hour standards for different industries, the law establishing
the highest standard, i.e., the lowest maximum hours, is shown.

Arizona._________ _ .____
Arkansas______
.......
California..___ __ _ .____
Colorado. ______ _ .
Connecticut___ __
.____
District of Columbia___ ____
Illinois__ __________
.____
Kansas. _
____ _____
Louisiana..
_______ ____
Massachusetts .
_ _ ____
Montana* _ __
____
Nevada..
_ ...
New Hampshire _ _
____

8-48
8-0
8-48
8-48
8-48
8-48
8-48
8-48
9-48
8-48
8-48
10-48

New Mexico_______
_____
New York__ ____
_____
North Carolina _
_____
North Dakota.
.
Ohio_____
_____
Oregon. __
.
_____
Pennsylvania
. _ _____
Rhode Island..
_____
Utah..
___
._____
Virginia _
Washington __
.
._____
Wyoming 4

8-48
8-48
9-48
8-48
8-44
10-48
9-48
8-48
9-48
88-48

*Men and women.

Nine States have set as their standard a maximum 9-hour day for
women, and of these all but one (Idaho) have a maximum of a 50- or
54-hour week. Maine’s law sets a 50-hour week for women production
workers in manufacturing and mechanical establishments and 54
hours per week for women workers in a number of other establish
ments and industries.
Idaho______ ______ _________
Maine_______ . .________
Michigan _ ____
.________
Missouri .
_____ ________
Nebraska.. _______ ________

99-50
9-54
9-54
9-54

Oklahoma. _ _ __ ...................
Texas.. _.
.
________
Vermont___
__ ________
Wisconsin... .
________

9-54
9-54
9-50
9-50

Nine States have a maximum of 10 hours a day and from 50 to 60
hours a week. In Georgia and South Carolina the law is limited to
one type of manufacturing only—cotton and woolen goods.
Delaware______
Georgia*______
Kentucky_____
Maryland_____
Mississippi____

10-55
10-60
10-60
10-60
10-60

New Jersey 10-54
South Carolina*
* 10-55
South Dakota 10-54
Tennessee 10-50

*Men and women.

Minnesota has fixed no daily limit in its statute, having only a 54hour weekly limitation for manufacturing and several other industries.
Virtually all State hour laws cover manufacturing; most of them
apply to a variety of other industries as well. Standards are usually
3 Day-of-rest law provides, in effect, for a 4&-hour week. Nine hours a day permitted, if time worked over
8 hours a day is paid for at one and one-half times the employee’s regular rate.
* A 1959 amendment to the Wyoming hour law permits hours over 8 a day, provided one and one-half
times the employee’s regular rate is paid for each hour worked over 8 a day in a 12-hour period. (Hours
in excess of 48 a week may be worked provided premium rates are paid for the excess hours. Op. Atty.
(Jen., Nov. 6, 1959.)

the same for manufacturing and nonmanufacturing. However, in
four States, the highest standards established for daily and weekly
hours—8 hours a day and 48 hours a week—apply to nonmanufac
turing; i.e., to mercantile establishments in Connecticut, to public
housekeeping and telephone exchanges in Kansas, to retail stores and
eating places in Montana, and to mercantile, laundry and drycleaning
establishments, and offices in Ohio. For manufacturing establish
ments, the maximum daily and weekly hours in these four States are:
Daily

Ohio

Weekly

9
9
8
9

48
49K
48

All maximum-hour standards (highest to lowest), applicable to
women workers in one or more industries are:
Maximum hours

Maximum hours

Daily

Arizona - _
Arkansas-

8
8

California

8
8
*9

Colorado

8
8
*9

Connecticut_____

9
Delaware 5___
__
District of Columbia__
Georgia ____
.
Idaho_ __
Illinois 6
__ ____
Kansas
____

Kentucky
Louisiana__ ______

Maine. _________
Maryland 5- - Massachusetts___ _
Michigan__________ Minnesota__ ____
Mississippi __
____
Missouri
_
Montana-__ __
Nebraska____ ____Nevada_
New Hampshire 5 _
_

10
8
*10
9
8
8
9
9
10
8

9
9
9
10
9
9
12
10
9
8
*8
9
8
10
10% \

Weekly

48
(**)

New Jersey___
New Mexico 5_.
New York____

48
108 (in
2 weeks)
48
108 (in
2 weeks)

48
48
58
55
48
60
48
48
49/2
54
60
48
54
50

North Carolina.

North Dakota.
Ohio________
Oklahoma
Oregon__

Pennsylvania - _
Rhode Island -.
South Carolina
South Dakota..
Tennessee____
Texas________

60
48
54
70
54
60
54
48
54
48
48
54

Utah_________
Vermont_____
Virginia______
Washington___
Wisconsin 5___

Wyoming 4

10
8
9
8
9
10
11
8%
9
8
9
9
8
8
10
10
10
9
*10
12
10
10
10
9
10
8
9
9
8
(*)
9
9
10
10
10
10
8

Weekly

54
48
56
48
48
48
55
55
48
54
48
48
54
44
48
44
60
48
48
55
60
54
50
54
54
60
48
50
48
60
50
54
50
54
55
60
48

*Men and women.
See footnote 3 on p. 2.
4 A 1959 amendment to the Wyoming hour law permits hours over 8 a day, provided one and one-half
times the employee’s regular rate is paid for each hour worked over 8 a day in a 12-hour period. (Hours in
excess of 48 a week may be worked provided premium rates are paid for the excess hours. Op. Attv. Gen..
Nov. 6,1959.)
* Hour law sets other maximum hour standards for nightwork.

Permitted Variations From Maximum Daily Hours, Weekly Hours,
Days per Week
Hour laws in 23 States, in addition to setting the maximum number
of daily and/or weekly hours, or both, or limiting the number of days
to be worked per week, include provisions which permit adjustments
in the legal maximum. By these permitted variations, application of
the hour laws are more flexible and adaptable to the requirements of
the industries or occupations covered by the laws.
With few exceptions, hours in excess of the weekly maximum are
prohibited. However, a considerable number of States permit women
to be employed beyond the daily maximum hour limit in various
circumstances. Among these are: To make one shorter workday
in the week; to make a shorter workweek; to make up time lost due
to breakdown of machinery, accident, or illness; to take into con
sideration the needs caused by emergencies, seasonal processing, or
unusual events; or to alleviate any hardships which may result from
strict application of the law. One State—Texas—requires the pay
ment of double the regular rate for such longer daily hours. A few
States with laws providing for an 8-hour day, 6-day workweek, permit
a woman who is employed for not more than 6 hours a day to work 7
days a week.
Provisions allowing variations from the maximum-hour standards
are shown on the charts for the following States:
Arizona
California
Connecticut
Delaware
Georgia
Illinois
Kansas
Maine

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Dakota
Ohio

Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Texas
Vermont
Virginia

Overtime
In 34 States, overtime—hours over the maximum daily or weekly
hours or more than the days per week as set by law—may be worked
for specified reasons and periods of time. Because of the type of
industry covered, some of the maximum-hour laws are inapplicable
during parts of a year.
The majority of the overtime provisions permit longer hours in
seasonal industries to prevent spoilage of perishable products or to
allow extra hours to be worked in mercantile or retail trade prior to
or following holiday seasons, or during an emergency which may en
danger the life, health, and welfare of the community.

In 13 States, the laws provide that before overtime hours may be
worked, permits must be obtained or authorization given by the
State labor departments.
Hour laws in eight States require the payment of one and one-half
times the employee’s regular rate for hours worked in excess of the
maximum set by law; in two States, double time.
Provisions for overtime hours are shown on the charts for:
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Illinois
Kansas
Louisiana
Maine
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota

Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon

Pennsylvania
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
Wisconsin
Wyoming

In addition to the 34 States with overtime provisions, Kentucky,
Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Puerto Rico require extra pay for
hours worked on the seventh consecutive day of the week or on
Sundays and holidays. In Rhode Island, a permit must be obtained
for employment on Sundays and specified holidays.
Day of Rest
Nearly half the States (22) and the District of Columbia have
established a 6-day workweek for women in some or all industries.
In two of these States—Colorado and Utah'—the law does not apply
to manufacturing establishments.
Arizona
Arkansas
California*
Colorado
Connecticut **
Delaware
District of Columbia
Illinois*

Kansas
Louisiana
Massachusetts*
Nevada
New Hampshire*
New JerseyNew York*
North Carolina

North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
Utah
Wisconsin*

•Men and women.
••Standard shown is applicable to females; anothor statute prohibits Sunday employment of all employees
in commercial occupations or work in any industrial process with specified exceptions. (Employees covered
by statute who are employed on Sunday must be relieved of duty for one of the 6 days following.)

Of the 28 States and Puerto Rico with no laws limiting the work
week to 6 days, 8 States have laws applicable to both men and women
which prohibit employment on Sunday with specified exceptions:
Alabama
Florida
Maryland

Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri

Virginia
West Virginia

Eight other States—Georgia, Maine, Michigan, New Mexico,
Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, and Vermont—have Sunday “blue
laws” which prohibit the performance of work by an individual.
Since they do not regulate employment, these are not listed with the
day-of-rest laws shown on the charts in this report.
In Montana, by law, Sunday is a legal holiday. Three additional
jurisdictions—Rhode Island, Kentucky, and Puerto Rico—have laws
which require the payment of overtime rates to both men and women
for work on the seventh day or on Sunday, thus, in effect, encouraging
a 6-day workweek. The Rhode Island statute, under the jurisdiction
of the State Department of Labor, prohibits employment on Sundays
and holidays, but allows work of necessity and charity to be performed
on such days by special permit, provided time and one-half the
worker’s regular rate is paid. The Kentucky law requires the pay
ment of time and one-half the worker’s regular rate for work on the
seventh consecutive day for persons working at least 40 hours a week.
Puerto Rico provides for a day of rest but permits work on such a day
at double the employee’s regular rate.
Meal Period
Twenty-five States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico
provide that meal periods, varying from one-third of an hour to 1
hour in duration, must be allowed women employed in some or all
industries. The length of the meal period is provided for by statute,
order, or regulation in these 27 jurisdictions:
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Delaware
District of Columbia
Indiana*
Kansas
Louisiana
Maine

Maryland
Massachusetts
Nebraska*
Nevada
New Jersey*
New Mexico
New York*
North Carolina
North Dakota

Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
Utah
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin

•.Men and women.

Kentucky requires that before and after the regularly scheduled
lunch period (duration not specified) rest periods be granted females;
and in Wyoming, females employed in specified establishments who
are required to be on their feet continuously must have two paid rest
periods, one before and one after the lunch hour.
Rest Period
Twelve States require rest periods (as distinct from a meal period)
for women workers in one or more industries. Most of the provisions
are for a 10-minute rest period within each half day of work:
Alaska
Arizona
California
Colorado

Kentucky
Nevada
New York
Oregon

Pennsylvania
Utah
Washington
Wyoming

The laws in Alaska, Kentucky, Nevada, and Wyoming cover a
variety of industries (in Alaska and Wyoming, applicable to women
standing continuously); laws in New York and Pennsylvania apply
to operators of elevators not provided with seating facilities. Rest
periods in one or more industries are required by wage orders in
Arizona, California, Colorado, Oregon, Utah, and Washington.
In addition to the 12 States, manufacturing establishments operat
ing on a 24-hour schedule in Arkansas, when necessary, may be
exempt from the meal-period provision if females are granted 10
minutes for each of two paid rest periods and arrangements made for
them to eat at their work.
Nightwork
Twenty-one States and Puerto Rico have laws which either prohibit
the employment of adult women at night, establish maximum-hour
standards different from those established for daywork, or regulate
the conditions under which women may be employed after specified
evening hours. Six States and Puerto Rico have both prohibitory
and regulatory laws governing the employment of women at night.
Twelve of these States and Puerto Rico prohibit nightwork for
adult women in certain occupations or industries, or under specified
conditions. In these jurisdictions, hours of prohibited employment
vary, ranging from 9 p.m. to 8 a.m.
Connecticut
Kansas
Massachusetts
Nebraska (except by
permit)

New Jersey
New York
North Dakota
Ohio
Puerto Rico

South Carolina
Utah
Washington
Wisconsin

In North Dakota and Washington, the prohibition applies only to
elevator operators; in Ohio, only to taxicab drivers. Utah prohibits
the employment of women in restaurants on a split shift after midnight.
In six States and Puerto Eico, which prohibit nightwork in specified
industries or occupations, and nine States, which do not prohibit
nightwork, the employment of adult women at night is regulated in
one or more industries either by limitation of maximum hours or by
establishment of specific working-conditions standards.
Six States and Puerto Eico both prohibit and regulate:
Connecticut
Kansas
New Jersey

New York
Puerto Rico

Utah
Wisconsin

States that regulate only:
California
Delaware
Illinois

Maryland
New Hampshire
New Mexico

Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

One additional State—Arizona—and the District of Columbia
prohibit only night messenger service for females under 21; the
Arizona law is also applicable to males under 21.

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

ALABAMA:
No law.
ALASKA:
General Safety
Code, ch.
XXVII, sec.
27-03.
ARIZONA:
Rev. Stat. (1956),
with 1959 supp.,
vol. 2, sec. 8
666; vol. 8, sec.
23-281.

Ibid., vol. 8, sec.
23-236.

Industrial Com
mission Mini
mum-Wage
Order 2-A,
Sept. 12, 1948.

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

Weekly

Days per
week

Permitted
variations

0)
Women, 18 and over.
Any employment.

Females................. ......... 8 (in 1348.
All employment. Ex
hour
ceptions: Domestic work;
period).
telephone or telegraph
offices or exchanges^ or
railroad yard omces
when only 3 females are
employed; nurses; chil
dren’s camps when on
written contract basis
for longer than 1-week
term, except camps reg
ulated by existing ordi
nance of any city or
town.
Persons under 21 years..
Messengers for tele
graph or messenger com
pany in the distribution,
transmission or delivery
of goods or messages in
incorporated cities or
towns.
Women and minors un 2 periods
der 21.
within
Laundry and Dryclean
12 hours.
ing Industry.
(SEE Appendix I.)

ARKANSAS:
Stat. Annotated
1947, with 1955
supp., vol. 7,
secs. 81-601
through 81-607,
81-614, 81-617,
81-619, 81-622.

Females____________8.
Manufacturing, me
chanical or mercantile
establishment; laundry;
express or transporta
tion company; hotel,
restaurant, eating place;
bank, building and loan
association, insurance
company, finance or
credit business, or em
ployment in any capac
ity. Exceptions: Do
mestic, agricultural or
horticultural employ
ment; cotton factories;
gathering of fruit or farm
products; switchboard
operators in small tele
phone exchanges ex
empt under provisions
of the Fair Labor Stand
ards Act; railroad em
ployees whose hours are
regulated by F e d e r a 1
law; processors or canners of fruits and vege
tables subject to and
complying with the Fair
Labor Standards Act;
and upon application,
by permit, females em
ployed in executive or
managerial capacity.2
By law, banks and trust
companies complying
with wage and hour pro
visions of the Fair Labor
See footnotes at end of table.

Adult women
may be em
ployed 7 days a
week, if daily
hours do not
exceed 6.

FOR WOMEN
Nightwork
Overtime

Provisions do not apply
to or affect females
engaged in harvesting,
curing, canning, or
drying any variety of
perishable fruits or
vegetables, during pe
riods necessary to
harvest, cure, can, or
dry fruit or vegetables
to save from spoiling.

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

10-minute period
after 2 hours for
women required
to stand at their
work.

10 p.m. to
5 a.m.

One 10 minutes
each half day
worked, or 2
such periods
during any full
working shift,
paid for at em
ployee's regular
rate.
114 times the regular rate
must be paid for hours
over 8 a day and on 7th
consecutive day. Per
mit from Commission
er must be obtained
for: (a) Overtime of a
permanent nature in
excess of one hour a
day; and (b) for work
on 7th consecutive
day, not to exceed 90
days. 9-hour day for
hotels and restaurants
may be established by
regulation of Commis
sioner.

30 minutes after 6 In manufacturing
or fabricating
continuous
establishments,
hours of work,
exempt from
except 6J4 hours
meal period
for employee
provision,
dismissed for
where 24-hour
day by 1:30 p.m.,
continuous op
where 3 or more
eration is nec
females are em
essary or where
ployed.
shutdown
Not less than Y\would result in
hour for lunch.*
loss of product:
10 minutes for
each of 2 peri
ods, 1 in first
half and 1 in
last half of
workday.
(Suitable ar
rangement
must be made
for females to
eat at their
machines or
place of work.)

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

Weekly

Days per
week

ARKANSAS—Con.
Stat. Annotated
Standards Act meet re
1947—Con.
quirements of provi
sions of female labor
law.
Ibid., sec. 81-410.. Women....... ...................
Factory, manufactur
ing establishment, work
shop or other places with
6 or more men and
women employees.

CALIFORNIA:
Annotated Codes
(West's 1955),
with 1959 supp.,
vol. 44, secs.
1350, 1352,
1352.1; Act 4052
as amended by
ch. 99 (L. 1959).

Females, 18 years and
over.
Manufacturing, me
chanical, mercantile es
tablishment; laundry;
cleaning, dyeing, or
cleaning and dyeing es
tablishment; hotel, pub
lic lodginghouse, apart
ment house, hospital,
beauty shop, barber
shop, amusement place,
restaurant, cafeteria, tel
egraph or telephone of
fice, elevator operator in
office building, express
or transportation com
pany. Exceptions: Ex
ecutives, administrators,
or professional women,
l.e., employee engaged
in work which is pre
dominately intellec
tual, managerial, or cre
ative, which requires
exercise of discretion
and independent Judg
ment and for which re
muneration is not less
than at the rate of $350
a month; or employee
licensed or certified by
the State and engaged
in the practice of law,
medicine, dentistry, ar
chitecture, engineering,
or accounting.

Ibid., secs. 850,
851, 851.5, 852,
854.

J8 (in any
day of 24
hours).

Men and women............ * 9 (averThe sale at retail of
age),
drugs and medicines, or
compounding of physi
cian's prescriptions in
any store, dispensary,
pharmacy, laboratory,
or office, including regis
tered pharmacists.4
See footnotes at end of table.

48.

108 (in 2
consec
utive
weeks).

(8)

Permitted
variations

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Meal period

Overtime

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

1 hour must be al
lowed for meals
if lunchroom not
provided on
premises, and
during such
hour women
shall be per
mitted to leave
establishment.
The 8-hour law does
not apply to:
Graduate nurses, li
censed vocational
nurses, clinical lab
oratory technicians
or technologists,
and X-ray labora
tory technicians in
hospitals during an
emergency. 1H
times straight time
hourly pay for
hours over 8 a day
must be paid to
licensed vocational
nurses, technolo
gists, or technicians.
Harvesting, curing,
canning or drying
of any variety of
perishable fruit,
fish, or vegetable
during periods
when necessary to
harvest, cure, can,
or dry such prod
ucts to prevent
spoilage.
Processing of biologicals, human blood
products and other
such products of
laboratories operat
ing under license
from the U.S. Treas
ury and U.S. De
partment of Agri
culture during peri
ods when it is
necessary to con
tinue such proces
sing to prevent
spoilage.
ALSO SPECIAL
PROVISION
FOR DEFENSE
EMERGENCY,
until 91st day after
adjournment of 1961
Legislature.
The hour provisions
do not apply in case
of accident, death,
sickness or epidemic.

Not to exceed 1
hour.

577081—61------ 2

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

CALIFORNIA—
Continued
Annotated
Codes—Con.
secs. 551,554 and
556.

Industrial Wel
fare Commis
sion Orders,
Nov. 15, 1957.

Ibid.

Employee coverage, oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

Men and women..........
Any occupation of la
bor. Exceptions: Work
performed in care of
animals, crops, or lands;
protection of life or prop
erty; common carrier
engaged in or connected
with movement of
trains; employees work
ing under collective
bargaining agreements.

Women and minors un
der 18 years.
Manufacturing Indus
try, No. 1-57; Personal
Service Industry, No. 2
57; Professional, Tech
nical, Clerical, and Sim
ilar Occupations, No.
4-57; Public Housekeep
ing Industry, No. 5-57;
Laundry, Linen Supply,
Dry Cleaning, and Dye
ing Industry, No. 6-57;
Mercantile Industry, No.
7-57; Transportation In
dustry, No. 9-57; Amuse
ment and Recreation In
dustry, No. 10-57; Broad
casting Industry, No.
11-57. Exceptions: Ex
ecutives, administrators,
professional women.
(SEE Appendix I.)
Women and minors
under 18.
Canning, Freezing, and
Preserving Industry, No.
3-57; and Industries
Handling Products A fter
Harvest, No. 8-57. Ex
ceptions: Executives, ad
ministrators, professional
women.
(SEE Appendix I.)

See footnotes at end of table.

8 in 13 (11
hours
must
elapse
between
the end
of one
work
day and
begin
ning of
next, ex
cept 8
hours in
bonafide
change
of shift).

*8..

Weekly

Days per
week

Permitted
variations

1 day's
rest in 7,
except
in emer
gency.

Provision does not
apply when
total hours do
not exceed 30 a
week or 6 in any
1 day.
If nature of work
requires that em
ployee works 7
or more consec
utive days, days
of rest may be
accumulated
and equivalent
time off allowed
during calendar
month.
Employment on
7th day permit
ted when total
hours do not ex
ceed 30 a week
or 6 a day.

6................ Employment on
7th day permit
ted when total
hours do not
exceed 30 a week
or 6 a day.

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

SPECIAL
PROVI
SION FOR DE
FENSE EMER
GENCY.

Permitted for women 30-minute period 10-minute paid
period for each
after 5 hours'
18 years and overf in
4 hours' work,
emergencies, when
work, except on
or major fraction
a 6-hour work
not prohibited by law
thereof, insofar
day.
or when necessary to
as practicable in
prevent perishable “On-duty" meal
middle of work
period permit
products from spoil
ted when nature * period, except
ing. V/i times regular
on days totaling
of work pre
rate must be paid for
less than 3)6
vents relief from
over 8 hours a day
hours. Exemp
all duty; to be
and over 6 days a
tion by Commis
counted as time
week; over 54 a week
sion may be au
worked. Ex
for specified resident
thorized.
emption by Com
housemothers and
mission may be
resident managers of
authorized.
homes for the aged
(on maximum 54hour work-week).

Permitted for women
18 years and over dur
ing periods necessary
to prevent spoiling or
in emergencies when
not prohibited by 8hour law; maximum
of 72 hours in any 7
consecutive days al
lowed, if followed by
a 24-hour no-work
period.
1H times
regular rate must be
paid for hours over 8
up to and including
12 a day, and for first
8 hours on 7th consec
utive day; double
time for hours over 12
a day, over 8 on 7th
day, except on 7th
day when total hours
do not exceed 30 a
week, 6 a day.
ALSO
SPECIAL
PROVISION FOR
DEFENSE EMER
GENCY.

.do.

do.

No woman shall
be required to re
port for work
between 10 p.m.
and 6 a.m. unless
suitable trans
portation is
available.
If meal period
occurs during
these hours, hot
food and drink
facilities must be
available.

Do.

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

CALIFORNIA—
Continued
Industrial Wel
fare Commis
sion Order,
Jan. 1, 1958.

COLORADO:
Rev. Stat., 1953,
with 1957 supp.,
vol. 4, sec. 80
7-13.

Ibid., vol. 3, sec.
48-2-1, 48-2-2.

Minimum-Wage
Order No. 13,
May 4, 1956.

Minimum-Wage
Order No. 10,
May 4,1956.

Maximum-hour provisions

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Daily

Women and minors
under 18.
Motion Picture Indus
try, No. 12-57. Excep
tions: Professional ac
tors and actresses; exec
utive, administrators,
and professional women.
(SEE Appendix I.)

1 (10 hours
must
elapse
between
the end
of one
work
day and
the be
ginning
of the
next).

Females
Manufacturing, me
chanical or mercantile
establishment; laundry;
hotel or restaurant.1

8 (in a cal
endar
day of 2.4
hours).

Men and women
The sale at retail of
drugs and medicines or
compounding of physi
cians’ prescriptions in
any store, dispensary,
pharmacy, laboratory,
or office.3
Women and minors
under 18.
Beauty Service Occu
pations.
(SEE Appendix I.)

9 (average).

Women and minors
under 18.
Laundry Industry.
(SEE Appendix I.)

See footnotes at end of table.

Weekly

108 (in 2
consec
utive
weeks).

Days per
week

Permitted
variations

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

Meal period

Rest period

Permitted for women
18 years and over in
emergencies; maxi
mum of 16 hours in
cluding meal periods
in any one day from
the time required to
report to work until
dismissed. 1H times
regular rate must be
paid for hours over 8
up to and including
12 a day and for first
8 hours on 7th con
secutive day; double
time for hours over 12
a day, over 8 on 7th
day.

30 minutes, not
more than 1
hour, after 6J4
hours’ work.
“On-duty” meal
period per
mitted when
nature of work
prevents relief
from all duty;
to be counted
as time worked.
Exemption by
Commission
may be author
ized.

10-minute paid
period for each
4 hours’ work,
or major frac
tion thereof, in
sofar as possible
in middle of
work period,
except on days
totaling less
than 3Yi hours.
Additional inter
im rest periods
during actual
rehearsal or
shooting must
be given to
swimmers,
dancers,
skaters, and
other perform
ers engaged in
strenuous physi
cal activities.
Exemption by
Commission
may be author
ized.

Prohibited

Regulated

Food and hot
drink shall be
provided em
ployees required
to work after
11:30 p.m.
When employees
are required to
work at night
and are not dis
missed in time
to return home
by public serv
ice transporta
tion, transporta
tion shall be pro
vided by em
ployer.

In case of emergencies
or conditions de
manding immediate
action or in case of
processing of seasonal
agricultural products,
over 8-hours’ work In
a calendar day per
mitted on payment of
time and one-half em
ployee’s regular hour
ly rate, provided that
a permit is first ob
tained from the In
dustrial Commission.
Hour provisions do not
apply in case of acci
dent, death, sickness,
or epidemic.

In cases of emergency,
females may be per
mitted to work over 8
hours a day, by per
mit from Industrial
Commission. 1J4
times regular rate
must be paid for
hours over 8 a day, 44
a week.
Emergency employ
ment in excess of 8
hours a day and 44
hours a week per
mitted; by permit
from Industrial Com
mission for hours in
excess of 8 a day. 1H
times regular rate
must be paid for
hours over 8 a day, 44
a week.

30 minutes............
“On-duty” meal
period, counted
as time worked,
permitted when
nature of work
prevents relief
from all duty.
Not less than 30,
nor more than
90, minutes; not'
to be counted as
working time.

10-minute paid
period for every
4 hours of work
ing time, or
major fraction
thereof.

do.

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

COLORADO—
Continued
Minimum-Wage
Order, No. 12,
May 4, 1956.

Minimum-Wage
Order, No. 11,
May 4, 1956.

Maximum-hour provisions

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Daily

Weekly

Women and minors un
der 18.
Public Housekeeping
Industry.
(SEE Appendix I.)

48..

Women and minors under 18.
Retail Trade Industry.
(SEE Appendix I.)

48.

CONNECTICUT:
General Stat. (Re Females and minors un
vision 1958), vol.
der 18.
Mercantile establish
6, secs. 31-13,
31-19; and Ad
ments. Exceptions: Per
ministrative
manent salaried employ
Regulations, De ees in executive, mana
partment of La gerial, or supervisory
bor (1948).
positions excepted from
the provisions of the
minimum-wage law who
receive a regular salary
of not less than the mini
mum fixed for such em
ployment in any wage
order or administrative
regulation issued under
the minimum-wage law.3
Ibid., sec. 31-12— Females and minors un 9................ 48.
der 18.
Any manufacturing *
or mechanical establish
ment.

Ibid., sec. 31-18__ Females and minors un
der 18.
Public restaurant,
cafe, dining room, bar
ber shop, hairdressing or
manicuring establish
ment or photograph gal
lery. Exception: Hotels.
Ibid., sec. 31-17— Women........... ................
Bowling alley, shoeshining establishment,
or billiard or pool room.
Ibid., vol. 9, sec. Men and women......... .
53-302.
Any commercial occu
pation or any industrial
process, with specified
exceptions.
See footnotes at end of table

Days per
week

Permitted
variations

10 hours’ employ
ment permitted
on 1 day in
week, to pro
vide 1 shorter
workday in
week.

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

Meal period

Rest- period

Prohibited

Regulated

In cases of emergency 30 minutes after 5 10-minute paid pe
hours of work,
riod for every 4
or conditions demand
except on 6-hour
hours of work.
ing immediate action,
workday.
females may be per
“On-duty"
meal
mitted to work over 8
period, counted
hours a day, by per
as time worked,
mit from Industrial
permitted when
Commission. 1^ times
nature of work
employee’s regular
rate must be paid for
prevents relief
from all duty.
hours over 8 a day, 48
a week.
10-minute paid pe
In cases of emergency Not less than 30,
nor more than
riod for every 4
or conditions demand
hours of work
90, minutes; not
ing immediate action,
to be counted as
over 8 hours a day
ing time, or ma
jor fraction there
permitted; by permit
working time.
of.
from Industrial Com
mission.
times reg
ular rate must be paid
for hours over 8 a day,
48 a week.
Overtime permitted dur
ing Dec. 18-25, if em
ployer grants at least
7 holidays with pay
annually.
10 hours a day, 52 hours
a week, for not more
than 4 weeks in any
12 months may be al
lowed by Commis
sioner of Labor and
Factory Inspection in
cases of emergency
and of seasonal or
peak demand.

By regulation; 1
a.m.-6a.m.for
female as sole
occupant of es
tablishment.

Do.»a

10 hours a day, 55 hours
a week for not more
than 8 weeks in any
12 consecutive months
may be allowed by
Commissioner of La
bor and Factory In
spection, in emergen
cy or seasonal or peak
demand.
ALSO SPECIAL
PROVISION FOR
DEFENSE EMER
GENCY.

1 a.m.-6 a.m.i by
permit issued to
employer com
plying w ith health
and welfare regu
lations and trans
portation 2 re
quirements.

Do.i 2

After 10 p.m.

STATEIHOUR LAWS

State

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

DELAWARE:
Code Annotated
Females, 16 and over___ 110___
(1953), with 1968
Any mercantile, me
(SEE
supp., vol. 10,
chanical or manufactur Nighttitle 19, ch. 3,
ing establishment; laun work.)
dry; baking or printing
secs. 301, 302,
304.
establishment, tele
phone aud telegraph of
fice or exchange; restau
rant, hotel, place of a
musement, dressmaking
establishment or office.
Exceptions: Canning or
preserving or prepara
tion for canning or pre
serving of perishable
fruits and vegetables.
Ibid., sec. 516.
Persons under 21______
Messengers for tele
graph, telephone or mes
senger company in the
distribution, collection,
transmission or delivery
of goods in any town or
city with population of
over 20,000 persons.
DISTRICT OF
COLUMBIA:
Code 1951, with
1960 supp., pt.
5, vol. 2, secs.
36-301, 36-303.

Females........................... 8.
Manufacturing, me
chanical, or mercantile
establishments; laun
dry, hotel, restaurant,
telegraph, or telephone
establishment or office;
or express or transporta
tion company.

Weekly

Days per
week

Permitted
variations

1 55..

6------------ 12 hours permitted
on 1 day of each
week, upon con
dition that total
hours for any
week shall not
exceed 55.

48.

Ibid., sec. 36-206._ Females, 18 to 21.
Messengers.
FLORIDA:
No law...................................................
GEORGIA:
Code Annotated
(1935), with
1958 supp., title
54, sec. 201.

Men and women............ 10.
Cotton or woolen man
ufacturing establish
ments. Exceptions: En
gineers, firemen, watch
men, mechanics, team
sters, yard employees,
clerical force, and all
help needed to clean up
and make necessary re
pairs or changes in or
about machinery.

HAWAII:
No law.................
IDAHO:
Code Annotated
(1947), with
1959 supp., vol.
8, sec. 44-1107.

Females, 16 and over__ 9.
Mechanical or mer
cantile establishment;
laundry, hotel, or res
taurant, telegraph or
I telephone establishment;

See footnotes at end of table.

<*)
60.

Daily hours may
be regulated by
employers pro
vided number of
hours do not in
the aggregate ex
ceed 60 hours a
week.
Employees may
work such time
as necessary to
make up lost
time, not to ex
ceed 10 days,
caused by acci
dents or other
unavoidable cir
cumstances.

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Night work
Overtime

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

If any part of daily
employment of
females is per
formed between
11 p.m. and 7
a.m. of the fol
lowing day,
such female
shall not be em
ployed more
than 8 hours in
any 24.

Not less than 30
minutes for
meals. % of an
hour after 6 con
secutive hours
of work, except
6Vi hours, if em
ployment for
day ends not
later than 1:30
p.m. and work
er is dismissed
for the day.

10 p.m.-6 a.m.__

% hour after 6
continuous
hours of work,
except establish
ments with 2 or
fewer female
employees.
Work period of
6H hours per
mitted if em
ployment ends
not later than
1:30 p.m. and
employee is dis
missed for the
day.

7 p.m.-6 a.m___

<*>

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

IDAHO—Con.
Code Annotated— office, express or trans
Continued
portation company, i
Exceptions: Harvesting,
packing, curing, canning,
or drying perishable
fruits or vegetables.
ILLINOIS:
Annotated Stat. Females, 16 and over___
.
(Smith-Hurd,
Mechanical or mer 8.....
(SEE
1950), with 1959 cantile establishment; Nightsupp., ch. 48, factory, laundry, hotel, work.)
secs. 5, 5a, 8.1.
restaurant, barbershop,
beauty parlor, telegraph
or telephone establish
ment or office thereof;
place of amusement; ex
press or transportation
or public utility busi
ness; common carrier;
public or private insti
tution or office there
of.1 Exceptions: Grad
uate nurses; operators
for a telephone company
in an agency in a private
residence or place
of business other than
an exclusive telephone
establishment.

Ibid., secs. 8a-8c*
8h.

INDIANA:
Stat. Annotated
(Burns, 1952),
with 1957
supp., as
amended by
ch. 51 (L. 1959),
vol. 8, Pt. 1,
sec. 40-1007.

Men and women______
Factory,2 mercantile
establishment;
trans
portation or public serv
ice company; hotel,
apartment hotel, restau
rant, hospital, laundry,
telephone or telegraph
establishment; banking
institution, brokerage
business, theater,
freight or passenger
elevator, or any employ
er engaged as a contrac
tor to furnish labor upon
contract to any person,
municipality, or county
institution, or any office
thereof. Exceptions:
Janitors, watchmen,
superintendents, or fore
men; employees engaged
for not more than 3
hours on Sunday setting
sponges in bakeries,
caring for live animals,
maintaining fires or
electrical current, or
necessary repairs to
boilers, machinery,
equipment, or power.3
Men and women______
Manufacturing or
mercantile establish
ment; mine, quarry,
laundry, renovating
works, bakery, or
printing office.

IOWA:
No law.
See footnotes at end of table.

Weekly

Days per
week

48.

Permitted
variations

In other than
mercantile
establishments,
9 hours may be
worked on 1
day a week if
weekly hours do
not exceed 48.

6 (24 con
secutive
hours of
rest in
each
calen
dar
week).

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Night work
Overtime

Meal period

Prohibited

Regulated

Telegraph or tele
phone operators
may be em
ployed not more
than 10 hours
between 7:30
p.m. and 8 a.m.,
if sleeping facili
ties are provided
and operator is
allowed at least
4 hours of sleep.

In mercantile estab
lishments during 4
weeks in calendar
year, 9 hours a day,
54 hours a week, per
mitted.
In canneries between
June 1 and October 15
10 hours a day, 60
hours a week, per
mitted.
In public emergencies,
employment neces
sary
to
furnish
essential public serv
ices such as com
munication, sewage
disposal, water sup
ply, light, gas, and
transportation
are
exempt from provi
sions of hour law fora
period not to exceed
48 hours.
ALSO
SPECIAL
PROVISION FOR
DEFENSE EMER
GENCY.
SPECIAL
PROVI
SION FOR DE
FENSE
EMER
GENCY

Rest period

60 minutes for
noonday meal.
In special cases
and for good
cause, chief in
spector may
issue permits
for shorter meal
time.

STATE HOURZLAWS

State

KANSAS: i
Industrial Wel
fare Order No.
1 (1939).

Ibid., No. 2
(1939).

Ibid., No. 3
(1939).

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Daily

Women and minors.......
Laundry Occupations,
i.e., laundries, dyeing,
drycleaning, and press
ing establishments.

9 (in 10
consec
utive
hours,
except
in 12
hours
in case
of
break
down of
machinery).
Women and minors____ 9_
Manufacturing, i.e.,
all processes in the pro
duction of commodities;
work performed in flor
ists’ shops, candymaking
departments of confec
tionery stores and bak
eries, millinery work
rooms, dressmaking es
tablishments, hemstitch
ing and button shops,
alteration, drapery and
upholstery departments.
(Such departments in
mercantile
establish
ment may be granted
permission to operate
under the mercantile
order.

Women and minors___
Mercantile Occupa
tions, i.e., work in estab
lishments operated for
the purpose of trade in
the purchase or sale of
goods or merchandise,
including the sales force,
wrapping employees,
auditing and checking
force, shippers in the
mail-order department,
receiving, marking, and
stockroom employees,
sheet-music saleswomen
and demonstrators, and
all employees in such
establishments in any
way directly connected
with the sale, purchase,
and disposition of goods,
wares, and merchandise.
Exception: Regularly
registered pharmacists.
See footnotes at end of table,

Maximum-hour provisions

9 (in 10
consecu
tive
hours.)

Weekly

Days per
week

Permitted
variations

49H-

49H.......

54.

6....... ........ 10 hours in 13
consecutive
hours permitted
1 day of each
week, provided
maximum hours
(54) are not
exceeded.

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

Meal period

An additional
hours
a week may be
worked, provided
daily maximum is
not exceeded.

1 hour, after not
more than 6
hours of work,
except Vi hour,
upon applica
tion to Labor
Department if
both employer
and employee
prefer shorter
period.

Overtime of 4Vi hours a 45 minutes, after 5
week allowed in cases
hours of work
of emergency. In sea
except, upon ap
sonal industries han
plication, Labor
dling perishable food
Department
products, such as can
may grant short
neries,
creameries,
er lunch period.
condenseries,
and 30 minutes when
poultry houses, the
industry is oper
full amount of over
ated on 8-hour
time is allowed for 6
basis.
weeks during their
peak season or for 2
periods a year not to
exceed 3 weeks each.
Cream testers may
work 6Vi days a week
between May 1 and
September 1, if week
ly hours do not exceed
54.
In a poultry dressing
and packing business,
during the season
from October 15 to
December 24,11 hours
a day and 58 hours a
week are permitted
for 4 of the 6 weeks’
peak season, and 11
hours a day and 60
hours a week for the
remaining 2 weeks,
provided 1 of these
latter weeks falls be
tween November 1
and
Thanksgiving
Day, and the other
between
Thanks
giving Day and
Christmas.
1 hour after no
more than 5
hours of work,
except 45 min
utes, upon
application to
Labor Depart
ment, if both
employer and
employee prefer
shorter period.

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

9 p.m. to 6 a.m.„

After 9 p.m.,
except after 10
p.m. one day
of the week,
by temporary
order, in such
communities
as the agri
cultural trade
may demand.

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

KANSAS—Con.
Industrial Weifare Order No.
4 (1939).
Ibid., No. 5 (1939)-

KENTUCKY:
Rev. Stat. (1958),
sec. 337.380.

Ibid., sec. 337.305-

Ibid., secs.
337.370, 339.210.

Minimum-Wage
Orders, as
amended by
ch. 36 (L. 1958).

Maximum-hour provisions

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Public Housekeeping
Occupations. (SEE Ap
pendix I.)
Telephone Exchange or
Office. Exceptions: Small
exchanges requiring
not more than 2 opera
tors on duty at one
time; exchanges in
residences operated by
members of house
hold.
Laundry, bakery, fac
tory, workshop, store,
or mercantile, manufac
turing, or mechanical
establishment, or hotel,
restaurant, telephone ex
change, or telegraph
office.

Daily

Weekly

Days per
week

8_______

48..............

3 8 (in 2
shifts or
“tours,”
one of
which
shall not
exceed 6
hours).

48 ...

60...........

Any employment.

Females under 21 (18 to
21).
Any gainful occupa
tion. Exceptions: Do
mestic service, nursing,
farmwork, casual do
mestic employment, de
livery of newspapers on
regularly
scheduled
routes.

(>)

All Industries and Oc
cupations (May 27,
1947); Hotel and Res
taurant Industry (July
15, 1954).
(SEE Appendix I.)

Ibid.................. .

Laundry, Dry Clean
ing, and Dyeing Industry
(Apr. 1,1942).
(SEE Appendix I.)
LOUISIANA:
Females, 18 and over__
In communities of
6,000 population or more,
manufacturing, me
chanical, or mercantile
establishment; laundry,
hotel, theater, restau
rant, telegraph or tele
phone establishment;
transportation
com
pany; or operator of a
freight or passenger ele
vator. Exceptions: Fe
males employed in agri
culture, domestic serv
ice, or in an executive
capacity;
processing,
packing, and canning of
fish, seafood, fruits, and
See footnotes at end of table.
tated (West's,
1950), with
1959 supp., vol.
16, secs. 23:291,
23:331-333, 23:
337.

8 _

48 - ........ i 6.............

Permitted
variations

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Night work
Overtime

Provisions do not apply
in cases where, be
cause of emergencies,
restrictions of hours
of work would result
in interruption or
impairment of service
to the public.

(1 Yi times minimumwage rate must be
paid for hours over 48
a week, except occu
pations
regulated
under Federal Fair
Labor
Standards
Act. Weekly maxi
mum for females, 60
hours.)
(114 times minimumwage rate must be
paid for hours over
44 a week in Zones 1
and 2; over 48 a week
in Zones 3 and 4.
Weekly maximum
for females, 60 hours.)

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

(2)

20 minutes for
each meal after
no more than
5 hours of work.

For operators em
ployed after 11
p.m., total work
time, plus rest
and sleep time,
must be per
formed within 12
consecutive
hours.

(SEE Rost
Period.)

10-minute paid
period after 4
hours of work,
optional with
employees, in
addition to
lunch period.

(SEE Rest
Period.)

19-minute paid
period after 4
hours of work
in addition to
lunch period.

do.

In establishments
in which 3 or
more females are
employed, at
least 30 minutes
after 6 continu
ous hours of
work; except 613
hours, if employ
ment ends and
employee is dis
missed for day.

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

LOUISI AN A—Con.
Rev. Stat.—
vegetables; fishing in
Continued
dustry; processing of
sugarcane or sorghum
into sugar, molasses, or
syrup;
stenographic,
bookkeeping or other
office or clerical work
except when such work
is performed for laun
dries, hotels, or restau
rants; file, route, or in
formation clerks; mul
tiplex, teleprinter, tele
phone, telegraph, or
switchboard operators.2
Ibid., secs. 23: Females, 18 and over__ 9__.
291, 23:311-313.
Mine, packinghouse,
bowling alley, boot
black
establishment;
distribution of merchan
dise; place of amuse
ment where intoxi
cating liquors are made
or sold;8 or any other
occupation not covered
by the 8-48-hour law.
Exceptions: Females em
ployed in agriculture,
domestic service, or in
an executive capacity.
MAINE:
Rev. Stat. 1954,
Females, 16 and over.
with 1959,
1. Workshop; factory; 19supp., vol. 1,
manufacturing, mechan
ch. 30, secs.
ical establishment (SEE
30-30, 39.
9-50-hour maximum for
production workers);
mercantile establish
ment, beauty parlor,
hotel, commercial place
of amusement, restau
rant, dairy, bakery,
laundry, drycleaning es
tablishment, telegraph
office, telephone ex
change with more than
750 stations, express or
transportation company.
2. Production workers 19..
in any workshop, fac
tory, manufacturing, or
mechanical establish
ment. Exceptions:
Manufacturing estab
lishment or business,
the materials and prod
ucts of which are perish
able and require imme
diate labor thereon; any
females working in an
executive, administra
tive, professional, or
supervisory capacity, or
their personal office as
sistants who receive an
annual salary of more
than $1,560, and those
employed in offices of
common carriers subject
to the Federal Railway
Labor Act.

bee footnotes at end of table.

Weekly

Days per
week

Permitted
variations

54.

10 hours in any 1
day may be
worked to make
a shorter day's
work for 1 day
of the week.

150-

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

Meal period

During emergencies, 10hour day and 60-hour
week permitted in
packing plants, can
ning plants and fac
tories handling fruits,
seafoods, vegetables,
and perishable foods.

30 minutes each
day for a meal;
not to be
counted as hours
worked.

Relaxation of hours 30-minute consec
may be made, on
utive rest peri
od after 6J4
written
employerhours of work in
employee agreement
approved by Com
establishments
missioner, for not
with 3 or more
more than 15 days,
female employ
singularly or consec
ees, except tele
utively, in calendar
phone exchange
year, on proof of ne
for night opera
tor who may
cessity, extraordinary
sleep during
requirements or emer
major part of
gencies.
Public service employ
night. By per
ees are exempt from
mit from Com
hour provisions, in
missioner,
cases of emergency
shorter rest peri
ods may be fixed
involving danger to
property, life, public
in manufactur
safety or public health
ing establish
ment if necessary
or in cases of extra
ordinary public re
due to continu
ous nature of
quirement.
54-hour weekly maxi
processes or
mum inapplicable (1)
special circum
between Dec. 17 and
stances affecting
Dec. 24, inclusive, for
such manufac
mercantile establish
turing establish
ments, beauty parlors,
ment, if shorter
rest periods will
hotels, commercial
not be injurious
places of amusement,
to health of fe
restaurants, dairies,
males affected
bakeries, laundries,
drycleaning establish
thereby.
ments, telegraph of
fices, telephone ex
changes with more
than 750 stations, ex
press or transporta
tion company; and
(2) 8 days prior to
Easter Sunday in
millinery shops or
stores.
ALSO
SPECIAL
PROVISION FOR
DEFENSE EMER
GENCY.

577981—61------ 3

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

(SEE Meal
Period.)

STATE HOUR LAWS
State

MARYLAND:
Annotated Code
1957, with 1959
supp., vol. 8,
art. 100, sec. 52.

MASSACHU
SETTS:
General Laws
Annotated
(1958), with
1959 supp., vol.
22, ch. 149, secs.
1, 56, 58, 59, 66,
68, 99-101; ch.
85 (L. 1960).

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Females,! 18 and over..
Manufacturing, me
chanical,
mercantile,
printing, baking, or
laundering
establish
ment.3 Exceptions:
Canning or preserving,
or preparing for canning
or preserving of perish
able fruits and vege
tables.

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

60..
(SEE
Nightwork.)

Women and minors, 16
to 18.
Factory or workshop,
or any manufacturing,
mechanical, or mercan
tile establishment (in
cluding premises used
for a restaurant or for
publicly providing and
serving meals, and prem
ises used in connection
with cleansing, dyeing,
laundering, or pressing
fabrics or wearing ap
parel), hospital (non
professional personnel),
telegraph office or tele
phone exchange (includ
ing switchboard oper
ator in a private ex
change), express or
transportation com
pany, private club, of
fice, letter shop, finan
cial institution, laun
dry, hotel, manicuring
or hairdressing estab
lishment, motion-pic
ture or other place of
amusement, garage, ele
vator operators in such
establishments or in any
building occupied in
whole or in part by any
such establishment, or
in any office building.
Exceptions: Persons de
clared by Commissioner
to be employed in a
supervisory capacity or
persons serving exclu
sively as personal secre
taries.

9 (in 10) i.

Girls between! 6 and’21;
boys between 16 and
18.
TTBarbershop, bootblack
stand or establishment,
stable (elsewhere than
on a farm), garage, brick
or lumber yard, con
struction or repair of
buildings, or radio broad
casting station, except
las talent.
See footnotes at end of table.

9 (in 10)—

Ibid., secs. 60, 66
and 67.

Weekly

48_.

Days per
week

Permitted
variations

(2)

Up to 12 hours
may be worked
on Saturdays,
Christmas Eve,
and 5 working
days preceding
Christmas Eve
in retail mer
cantile establish'
ments outside
City of Balti
more, provided 2
rest periods of
not less than 1
hour each are
granted on each
of such days and
workday during
remainder of cal
endar year does
not exceed 9
hours.
Overtime per
mitted to make
up time lost on
a previous day
of the same
week due to
stoppage of ma
chinery on
which worker is
dependent, pro
vided stoppage
is not less than
30 consecutive
minutes. De
partment must
be notified
within 48 hours.
Office workers
may be permit
ted by Commis
sioner to exceed
9 hours a day
but not 48 hours
a week.
In manufacturing
establishments
and hotels
where employ
ment is deter
mined by De
partment of La
bor and Indus
tries to be sea
sonal, 52 hours a
week allowed if
average for year
does not exceed
48 a week, ex
cept that in fish
processing 52
hours a week
permitted only
during months
of June through
October.

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

If any part of
work is done
before 6 a.m. or
after 10 p.m. of
said day, not more
than 8 hours in
any 1 day per
mitted.

In establishments
with 3 or more
female employ
ees, J^-hour
interval after
6 continuous
hours of work,
except 6Yi hours
if not permitted
to work during
remainder of
day.
(SEE entry under
PERMITTED
VARIA
TIONS.)

Nonprofessional hospi
tal employees in
emergencies may
work overtime, if
Commissioner au
thorizes such over
time.
In extraordinary emer
gencies, overtime al
lowed in public serv
ice or other businesses
requiring shifts, De
partment of Labor
must be notified.
ALSO SPECIAL
PROVISION FOR
EMERGENCY OR
CONDITION OF
HARDSHIP.2

SPECIAL
PROVI
SION FOR EMER
GENCY OR CON
DITIONS
OF
HARDSHIP.2

After 6 hours of
employment: 45
minutes in mer
cantile establish
ments; 30 min
utes in factory,
manufacturing
or mechanical
establishment,
or workshop.
Exceptions: Iron
and glass works,
papermills, let
terpress estab
lishments, print,
bleaching and
dyeing works.
Commissioner
of Labor and In
dustries may ex
empt a mechan
ical establish
ment, factory or
a workshop
from statute’s
meal-period pro
visions, if he de
termines that
continuous na
ture of plant’s
processes or
special circum
stances affecting
a plant warrant
such dispensa
tion. He must
be satisfied that
employee's
health will not
suffer.

Regulated

11 p.m. to 6 a.m.
for females
employed in
any capacity
in manufac
turing or me
chanical es
tablishments;
and for girls
under 2i in
regular serv
ice telephone
exchanges or
telegraph of
fices.
10 p.m. to 6 a.m.
for girls be
tween 16 and
21, boys be
tween 16 and
18 in mercan
tile establish
ments.
10 p.m. to 5 a.m.
for minors un
der 21 as mes
sengers for
telegraph,
telephone, or
messenger
company, ex
cept delivery
of messages
directly con
nected with
conducting or
publishing of
newspapers to
or between
newspaper
offices.

10 p.m. to 6 a.m.

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

MASSACHU
SETTS—Con.
General Laws
Annotated—
Con., secs. 48,
49, 50, 51A.

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

Weekly

Men and women......... .
Workshop, or manu
facturing, mechanical,
or mercantile establish
ment (including prem
ises used for a restaurant
or for publicly providing
and serving meals, and
premises used In connec
tion with cleansing, dye
ing, laundering, or press
ing fabrics or wearing
apparel); watchmen
(including guards in
banks); employees main
taining fires; also women
and minor elevator op
erators in the establish
ments covered by this
law. Exceptions: Manu
facture or distribution
of gas, electricity, milk,
or water; hotels, drug
stores, livery stables or
garages; the transporta
tion of food, or the sale,
or delivery of food by
establishments other
than restaurants; jani
tors, employees whose
duties include no work
on Sunday other than
(1) setting sponges in
bakeries, (2) caring for
live animals, (3) caring
for machinery; the prep
aration, printing, pub
lication, sale, or delivery
of newspapers; farm or
personal service.

MICHIGAN:
Stat. Annotated
1950, with 1959
supp., Rev. vol.
12, sec. 17.19.

Females, and males un 9 (average,
der 18.
10 maxi
Factory, mill, ware
mum).
house, workshop, quar
ry; clothing, dressmak
ing, or millinery estab
lishment; any place
where the manufacture
of goods is carried on, or
where goods are pre
pared for manufacturing;
laundry, store, shop, 2
or other mercantile
establishment, office,3
restaurant, theater, con
cert hall, music hall,
hotel, hospital, street or
electric railway; elevator
operator.
Exceptions:
Fruit and vegetable can
ning or fruit-packing es
tablishments engaged in
preserving and shipping
perishable goods; stu
dent and graduate nurses
in hospitals or nurses in
fraternal or charitable
homes. (Excepted em
ployments must be ap
proved by Labor Depart
ment as not being inju
rious to worker's health.)
See footnotes at end of table.

54.

Days per
week

Permitted
variations

24 consec
utive
hours of
rest in
every
7 days.3

Commissioner
may grant
exemptions
under condi
tions as he
deems necessary
for a period not
exceeding 60
days.

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

12-hour day permitted
female floral designers
employed in flower
shops or greenhouses
for the 3 days preced
ing the holidays of
Valentine’s
Day,
Easter, Mother’s Day,
and Christmas, with
approval of the Com
mission.

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

MICHIGAN—Con.
Department of
Labor Regula
tions Affecting
Employment of
Adult Females
and Minors for
the Canning
Season.
MINNESOTA:
Stat. Annotated
(1945), with
1969 supp., vol.
13, sec. 181.18.

MISSISSIPPI:
Code Annotated
1942, with 1958
supp., recom
piled vol. 5A,
sec. 6993.8

MISSOURI:
Annotated Stat.
(Vernon’s,
1949), with 1959
supp., vol. 15,
sec. 290.040.

Maximum-hour provisions

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Females, 18 and overCanning season.*

Daily

Weekly

Days per
week

70_______

In emergencies,
adult females
may be em
ployed up to a
maximum of 14
hours a day, not
to exceed 70
hours a week.

Females, 16 and over __
Public housekeeping,
manufacturing, mechan
ical, mercantile, or laun
dry occupation, or
telephone
operator.2
Exceptions: Employees
engaged in the seasonal
occupation of preserving
perishable fruits, grains,
or vegetables if such
employment does not
continue for more than
75 days in year; tele
phone operators in
towns under 1,500 popu
lation; night employees
who are at their place of
employment for not
more than 12 hours and
have opportunity for at
least 4 hours of sleep.

Females..___ ________
Laundry, millinery,
dressmaking, store, of
fice, mercantile estab
lishment, theater, tele
graph or telephone of
fice, or any other occu
pation not here enumer
ated. Exception: Domes
tic servants.

i 10............ 60

Females, 16 and over__
Manufacturing, me
chanical, or mercantile
establishment, factory,
workshop, laundry,
bakery, restaurant,
place of amusement,
stenographic or clerical
work of any kind in the
above industries, ex
press, transportation,
or public-utility busi
ness, common carrier, or
public institution. Ex
ception: Telephone com
pany.

9....... ........ 54..............

8................

(*>

(>)

MONTANA:'

Females
Manufacturing, me
chanical, or mercantile
establishment, tele
phone exchange room
or office, or telegraph
office, laundry, hotel, or
restaurant.
See footnotes at end of table.
1947, Anno
tated, replace
ment vol. 3,
with 1959 supp.,
sec. 41-1118.

Permitted
variations

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

In emergency periods
not
exceeding
4
weeks’ aggregate in
calendar year, Indus
trial
Commission
may allow overtime
and prescribe rules
therefor.
Hour provisions do
not apply in cases of
emergency
which
may affect the safety,
health, morals, or
welfare of the public.
On application of em
ployer,
Industrial
Commission may, for
cause shown, exempt
employer or class of
employers from pro
visions of the Act.
Hour provisions inap
plicable in case of
emergency or public
necessity.

Establishments
can
ning or packing per
ishable farm prod
ucts, located in rural
communities or in
cities of less than
10,000 population, are
exempt from hour
provisions for a pe
riod not to exceed 90
days of year.

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

MONTANA—Con.
Revised Codes
Men and women
1947—Con., sec.
Restaurants,
cafes,
lunch counters and
41-1131.
other commercial eating
establishments.

Ibid., secs. 411113, 41-1115.

NEBRASKA:
Rev. Stat. 1943,
1955 cum.
supp., with
1957 pocket
part, sec. 48
203.

Ibid., sec. 48-212.

NEVADA:
Rev. Stat.
(1959), vol. 5,
secs. 609.020,
609.110,
609.120.

Maximum-hour provisions

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Daily

Weekly

8 (in 12)... 48

Men and women......... __ 8
Retail store, leased
business controlled by
lessor including delivery
personnel;
wholesale
warehouse
supplying
goods to retail establish
ment, including deliv
ery personnel. Excep
tions: Registered phar
macists and assistant
pharmacists.

Females, 16 and over__
Employment (a) in
any manufacturing, me
chanical or mercantile
establishment; laundry,
hotel, restaurant, or
office,1 in metropolitan,
primary, or first class
city 3 or (b) for any em
ployer of 25 or more peo
ple within the State.3
Exception: Public serv
ice corporations.

54____

8 (in 13)..

48___

Days per
week
(?)

(»)

Men and women______
Assembling
plant,
workshop, or mechani
cal establishment.4 Ex
ception: Establishments
operating in three 8hour shifts.

Females..................... .
Private employment.
Exceptions: Domestic
service;
agriculture;
State, county, city, or
town employment; ex
ecutives or supervisors
who consent to work be
yond the maximum
hours permitted.

See footnotes at end of table.

1 6______

Permitted
variations

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Night work
Overtime

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

Hour provisions inap
plicable to person
working over 8-48hour week, when re
lieving another em
ployee in case of sick
ness, or where health
of public is imperiled,
or life and property is
in imminent danger,
or other unforeseen
cause or causes.

1 a.m. to 6 a.m.
Exceptions:
Manufactuing, mechani
cal, or mer
cantile estab
lishment,
laundry, hotel
or restaurant,
when em
ployer obtains
permit from
Labor Com
missioner.

In emergency periods,
manufacturing plants
processing seasonal
agricultural products
may employ women
11 hours a day, not to
exceed 20 days at any
one
time. Permit
must be obtained
from Labor Commis
sioner.
30 consecutive
minutes be
tween 12 noon
and 1 p.m. or
during any
other suitable
hour for lunch.
Employees must
be free to leave
work premises
during such
time.
In event of illness of
employer or other
employees or an un
foreseen temporary
increase in employ
er's business, if no
additional
persons
are available, any
female may be em
ployed not more than
12 hours a day, 56
hours in any 1 week
of 7 days, provided
that time and a half
employee’s regular
rate is paid for each
additional hour over
8 a day in 13-hour
period, or 48 a week.

J^-hour period
after the 3d
hour and before
the end of 6
hours’ work.
No period of
less than 30
minutes is
deemed to in
terrupt work
period.2 Ex
ception: Com
munications
industry.

Two 10-minute
periods, 1 in 1st
4-hour work
period, 1 in last
4 hours of
work.2 Excep
tion: Com
munications in
dustry.

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

NEW
HAMPSHIRE:
Rev. Stat.
Females and minors un
Annotated 1955,
der 18.
with 1959 supp.,
Manual or mechanical
vol. 3, secs.
labor in any manufac
275:15, 275:17,
turing establishment.
275:21.

Ibid., secs.
275:15, 275:17,
275:18, 275:20,
275:21.

Females and minors un
der 18.
Manual or mechanical
labor in any employment
other than manufactur
ing. Exceptions: House
hold labor and nursing;
domestic, hotel, and cab
in labor, including dining
and restaurant service
operated in connection
therewith and inci
dental thereto; boarding
house labor; operators
in telegraph and tele
phone offices; farm labor;
canning of perishable
fruits and vegetables.
Ibid., secs. 275:
Men and women______
32-35.
Any occupation. Ex
ceptions: Establishments
used for manufacture or
distribution of gas, elec
tricity, milk, or water;
transportation, sale, or
delivery of food: janitors,
watchmen, firemen em
ployed at stationary
plants, or caretakers;
employees whose duties
on Sunday include only
setting sponges in baker
ies, caring for live ani
mals, or caring for
machinery and plant
equipment; preparation,
printing, publication,
sale, or delivery of news
papers or periodicals
with definite on-sale
newsstand dates; farm
or personal service; labor
due to an emergency
that could not reason
ably have been antici
pated; work connected
with retail stores in
resort areas, cabins and
inns, and in theaters,
motion-picture houses,
hotels and restaurants;
employees engaged in
canning of perishable
goods and in telegraph
and telephone offices.
See footnotes at end of table.

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

(SEE
Nightwork.)

___

10 H

(SEE
Nightwork.)

Weekly

Days per
week

Permitted
variations

48.

54.

Regular employ
ees in mercantile
establishments, for
the 7-day period
immediately pre
ceding Christmas
Day, are exempt
from the nightwork regulation
but total hours
shall not exceed
54 a week for the
full year.

6 (1 day
of rest).

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

During 8 weeks in any
6-month period, 1014
hours a day and 54
hours a week per
mitted if Labor Com
missioner, after a
hearing, grants a spe
cial license, copy of
which must be posted
in workroom.
ALSO
SPECIAL
PROVISION FOR
DEFENSE EMER
GENCY.
Workers in laundries
may be employed,
for 3 months of the
year, up to 60 hours a
week if, following a
hearing, special li
cense is granted by
Labor Commissioner.
Daily hours may not
be exceeded. Copy
of license must be
posted in rooms
where females are ememployed.
ALSO
SPECIAL
PROVISION FOR
DEFENSE EMER
GENCY.

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

When females are
employed or
permitted to
work for any
time between 8
p.m. and 6 a.m.
on more than 2
nights a week, it is
considered nightwork, and such
work may not
exceed 8 hours in
any 24 nor 48
hours in any
week.
Do.

STATE HOUR LAWS
State

NEW JERSEY:
Stat. Annotated
(1937), with
1959 supp., secs.
34:2-24, 34:2-28.

Ibid., sec. 34:
6-63.

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

Females, 18 and over_ _. 110Manufacturing or mer
cantile establishments,
bakery, laundry, or res
taurant. Exception:
Canneries engaged in
packing perishable prod
ucts such as fruits or
vegetables.

Weekly

54........

Days per
week

Permitted
variations

6..........

If daily working
hours do not ex
ceed 8 in hotels
or other estab
lishments of a
continuing busi
ness nature,
hour provisions
do not apply.

Men and women_____
F actory, worksh op.
mill, mine, or place
where goods are manu
factured.

NEW MEXICO:
Stat. Annotated
1953, with 1959
supp., vol. 9,
secs. 59-5-1,-2,
4,-5,-7.

Females, 16 and over__ 8 (in not
Industrial or mercan
more
tile establishment2
than 3
hotel, restaurant, cafe
shifts).
or eating house, laun
dry, office (as stenog
rapher, bookkeeper,
clerk, or in other clerical
work), place of amuse
ment, public utility
business.
Exceptions:
Interstate commerce
where working hours
are regulated by act of
the Congress of the
United States; hospitals
or sanitariums, regis
tered or practical nurses,
midwives, domestic
servants.4
Ibid., secs. 59
Females, 16 and over__ 8.
5-4, 59-5-6.
(SEE"
Telephone or tele
graph office. Excep
Nighttions: Establishments
work.)
employing 5 or fewer
females; interstate com
merce where working
hours are regulated by
act of the Congress of
the United States.
Ibid., secs. 59
Females, 16 and over__
5-13, -14 and
Transportation.* Ex
-15.®
ception: Interstate com
merce where working
hours are regulated by
an act of Congress of the
United States.
See footnotes at end of table.

48.

56..

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

12 midnight to Upon application,
by special order,
7 a.m. in man
Commissioner of
ufacturing es
Labor and In
tablishments,
dustry may au
bakeries, or
thorize employ
laundries.
ment of females
Exceptions:
over 21, in manu
Canneries en
facturing estab
gaged in pack
lishment or bak
ing perishable
ery primarily
products such
engaged in man
as fruits or veg
ufacturing bis
etables; glass
cuits and crack
manufactur
ers, if he finds
ing establish
working condi
ments.
tions, including
ALSO SPE
safety and trans
CIAL PRO
portation facili
VISION
ties, adequate to
FOR DE
protect health
FENSE
and safety of
EMER
workers.
GENCY.
H hour for mid
day meal, after
6 consecutive
hours of work
on any workday
except Satur
day.
If any such place
is operated at
night or in 8hour shifts, the
meal period
shall be fixed
with regard to
mutual interest
of employer
and employee.
In emergencies, 2 hours
of overtime a week
may be worked if
time and one-half is
paid for such hours.3

30 minutes, not
included as
part of working
time.

Hour provisions do not
apply in cases of ex
treme emergencies re
sulting from fire,
flood, storm, epi
demic of sickness, or
other like cause.

H hour, not part
of working day.

When hours of
work are be
tween 10 p.m.
and 7 a.m., 54
hours a week
permitted.

In emergency, 60 horn's
a week may be
worked; work over 56
hours a week must be
paid for at time and
one-half.

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

NEW YORK:
Consolidated
Laws Annotated
(McKinney’s
1948), with 1959
supp., Book 30,
secs. 2,172,173,
173-a; find ch. 50
(L. I960).

Ibid., sec. 181;
and ch. 85
(L. 1960).

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Females over 16............. .
Factory, i.e., mill,
workshop, or other man
ufacturing
establish
ment. (Manufacturing
to include making, alter
ing, repairing, finishing,
bottling, canning, clean
ing, or laundering any
article or thing in
whole or in part, except:
(1) Drydock plants re
pairing ships; (2) power
houses,
generating
plants, or other struc
tures owned or operated
by a public-service cor
poration or a municipal
corporation other than
construction or repair
shops, subject to the
jurisdiction of the publicservice commission; and
(3) structures operated
as refrigerated ware
houses for the handling,
packing, refrigeration,
and storage of fruits and
vegetables and which are
subject to the jurisdic
tion of, or licensed by, the
department of agricul
ture and markets; struc
tures used in celery
cleaning or packing.) 2
Females over 16. ............
Mercantile establish
ment; beauty parlor.
Exceptions:
Beauty
parlors in cities and
villages under 15,000
population.

Ibid., sec. 182;
and ch. 85 (L.
I960).

Females over 16.
___
Hotel or restaurant
(including females over
18 having the care, cus
tody, or operation of a
freight or passenger ele
vator in these indus
tries). Ex ceptions.
Those employed solely
as singers and perform
ers; resort or seasonal3
I hotel and restaurant
See footnotes at end of table.

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

Weekly

1 8-

Days per
week

Permitted
variations
In order to make a
shorter workday,
workdays, or a
holiday, 10 hours
may be worked
on any 1 day of
the week. If the
shorter workday
is not more than
m hours, the
other 4 days
may be up to 9
hours each,
total weekly
hours not to
exceed 48.

‘ 48..

6 Except:
In order to make
Female
a shorter work
writers
day or work
days, 10 hours
or re
porters
may be worked
employ
on any 1 day of
ed in
the week. If
the shorter
news
workday is not
paper
offices,
more than 4^
duly li
hours, the other
censed
4 days may be
pharma
up to 9 hours
cists,
each,total
and fe
weekly hours not
male
to exceed 48.
employ
ees of
duly
recog
nized
florists
on day
before
Easter
Sunday,
Easter
Sunday
morn
ing, and
Dec. 23
of each
year.
6................ In order to make
a shorter work
day, workdays,
or a holiday, 10
hours may be
worked on any
1 day of the
week. If the
shorter work
day is not
more than
hours, the other

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

Meal period

Females over 18: Up to Seepage 47.
10 hours a day, 60
hours a week permit
ted in sauerkraut can
neries between Sep
tember 1 and Decem
ber 1. Up to 10 hours
a day, 60 hours a week
permitted in estab
lishments canning or
preserving perishable
products
between
June 15 and October
15; Industrial Com
missioner may grant
permits allowing 12
hours a day, 66 hours
a week between June
25 and August 1, if the
needs of the industry
require such overtime
and the health of the
women so employed
will not be injured.
ALSO SPECIAL PRO
VISION FOR DE
FENSE
EMER
GENCY
UNTIL
JULY 1, 1961.

From Dec. 18 to Dec. See page 47.
24, inclusive, and for
2 additional periods
a year for inventory,
overtime permitted;
no period may be of
more than 1 week’s
duration; under the
8-48 schedule, the ad
ditional hours may
not exceed 6, and un
der the permitted
variation schedule, 5
hours; employment
may not be later
than 10 p.m.
In lieu of Dec. 18-24
period, employer may
select any 7 consecu
tive days (for per
mitted overtime) dur
ing period from Dec.
4 through following
Dec. 23, by filing
written notico of days
selected with Indus
trial Commissioner.
ALSO SPECIAL
PROVISION FOR
DEFENSE EMER
GENCY
UNTIL
JULY 1, 1961.
SPECIAL
PROVI
SION FOR DE
FENSE
EMER
GENCY
UNTIL
JULY 1, 1961.

See page 47.

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

10 p.m. to6a.m., Employment be
tween midnight
except mid
and 6 a.m. allow
night to 6a.m.
ed in multiple
in plants on
shift plants on
multiple shifts,
permits from
for females
Industrial Com
over 21. Ex
missioner, if he
ceptions:
finds
that satis
Proofreaders,
factory condi
linotypists,
tions
exist in
monotypists
cluding transpor
and bindery
tation
and safe
workers in
guards for pro
newspaper,
tecting the
publishing or
health and wel
commercial
fare of such fe
printing
males.
establish
ments or in
book binderies
or pamphlet
binderies.
9 p.m. to 6a.m.,
for females un
der 21.

10 p.m. to 7
a.m. for fe
males over
16; except
midnight to
7 a.m. for fe
males in mer
can tile estab
lishments.
Exceptions:
Writers and
reporters em
ployed in
nowspapcr olfices, duly li
censed phar
macists, and
employees of
duly recog
nized florists
on the day
before Easter
Sunday,
Easter Sun
day morning,
and Dec. 23
of each year.

Midnight to 6
a.m., for fe
males 21 and
over em
ployed in
restaurants.
Exceptions:
Hatcheck
girls, cigarette
girls, or
flower girls,
attendants in

Upon applica
tion, Commis
sioner may
permit such
employment in
dining rooms
and kitchens of
restaurants if
he finds that
satisfactory
conditions ex
ist, including

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

Weekly

NEW YORK—Con.
Consolidated
employees in rural com
Laws Anno
munities and in cities
tated.—Con.
and villages of less than
15,000 population, ex
cluding that portion of
the population of a 3dclass city residing out
side of its corporation
tax district where such
city embraces the en
tire area of a former
township.

Ibid., sec. 183;
and ch. 85 (L.
1960).

Females over 18.*............ 8___
Care, custody, or op
eration of a freight or
passenger elevator. Ex
ceptions: Elevator em
ployees in hotels or
restaurants. (See pre
ceding entry.)

Ibid., secs. 162,
184; and ch. 85
(L. 1960).

Females over 21.*.........__ g
Conductor or guard on
any street surface, elec
tric, subway, or elevated
railroad car or train.
Ibid., sec. 185.
Females over 21.*..
and ch. 85 (L.
Messenger for a tele
1960).
graph or messenger com
pany in the distribution,
transmission, or de
livery of goods or
messages.
Ibid., sec. 161,
Men and women..
and ch. 85 (L.
Factory, mercantile
1960).
establishment, hotel,
restaurant, freight
passenger elevator in
any building or place;
projectionist or operator
of motion-picture ma
chine; engineer and fire
man in place where mo
tion pictures are shown;
place in which legiti
mate theater produc
tions, such as dramatic
and musical produc
tions, are shown or ex
hibited (other than mo
tion pictures, vaudeville
or incidental stage pres
entations regularly given
throughout the week as
established policy), in
cluding performers, en
gineers, and firemen;
building watchmen, jan
itors, superintendents,
supervisors, managers,
engineers and firemen.
Exceptions:
Foreman
in charge; employees in
dairies, creameries, milk
condenseries, milk-pow
der factories, milk-sugar
factories, milk-shipping
station, butter and
cheese factories, ice
cream-manufacturing
plants and milk-bottling
plants, having 7 or less
See footnotes at end of table.

Days per
week

Permitted
variations
4 days may be
up to 9 hours
each, total
weekly hours
not to exceed
48.

48..

If practical diffi
culties or unnec
essary hardship
would ensue,
board of stand
ards and appeals
may make a var
iation from law’s
provisions if the
spirit of the act
be observed and
substantial jus
tice done.

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Meal period

Overtime

SPECIAL
PROVI
SION FOR DE
FENSE
EMER
GENCY UNTIL
JULYl, 1961.

60 minutes shall
be allowed for
noonday meal.

___ do..

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

ladies’ cloak
rooms and
parlors; fe
males em
ployed in or
in connection
with the
dining rooms
and kitchens
of hotels.
10 p.m. to 6
a.m., for fe
males under
21 in hotels
and restau
rants.
10 p.m. to 7 a.m.
If elevator is
used in con
nection with
a business or
industry in
which women
may be em
ployed before
7 a.m., opera
tors may
begin work at
6 a.m.
10 p.m. to 6 a.m.

adequate
transportation
and safeguards
for protecting
the health and
welfare of such
females.

10 p.m. to 7 a.m.

_do..

_do.

577981—61------- 4

STATE HOUR LAWS
Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

State

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

Permitted
variations

Days per
week

Weekly

NEW YORK—Con
Consolidated
employees; employees
Laws Anno
(if board of standards
tated.—Con.
and appeals approves),
engaged in an industrial
or manufacturing pro
cess necessarily contin
uous, in which no em
ployee is permitted to
work more than 8 hours
in any calendar day;
certain specified em
ployees working not
more than 3 hours on
Sunday; resort or sea
sonal hotel and restau
rant employees in rural
communities and in
cities and villages of less
than 15,000 population,
excluding that portion
of the population of a
3d-elass city residing
outside its corporation
tax district where such
city embraces the entire
area of a former town
ship; * employees in
drydoek plants engaged
in making repairs to
ships.
Ibid., sec. 162, and
ch. 85 (L. 1960).
Any factory, mercan
tile or other establish
ment or other occupation
covered by labor law.

f
Ibid., sec. 203-a,
and cb. 85 (L.
1960).

Operators of passenger
elevators, not equipped
with seats, operated and
maintained for use by
the public. Exception:
Factory building or any
other building having
only 1 passenger eleva
tor.

See footnotes at end of table.

|
1

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Night work
Overtime

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

60 minutes in fac
tories and 45
minutes in
mercantile or oth
er establishment
or occupation for
the noonday meal,
or midway dur
ing a shift of more
than 6 hours
starting between
lp.m. and 6 a.m.
If shift starts be
fore noon and
continues after 7
p.m., an addi
tional meal pe
riod of at least 20
minutes shall be
allowed between
6 p.m. and 7 p.m.
Commissioner
may grant writ
ten permit for a
shorter meal pe
riod, such per
mit to be con
spicuously posted
at main entrance
of establishment.
ALSO SPECIAL
PROVISION
FOR DE
FENSE EMER
GENCY UN
TIL JULY 1,
1961.
45 minutes---------- 15-minute recess
eriod every 3
(SEE Rest
ours in addi
Period.)
tion to a 45minute lunch,
period.
SPECIAL
PROVISION
FOR DE
FENSE
EMER
GENCY
UNTIL JULY
1, 1961.

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

NORTH
CAROLINA:
General
Stat.
(Replacement
1958) with 1959
supp., vol. 2C,
sec. 95-17.

Females, 18 and over___
Any occupation or in
dustry.
Exceptions:
Employers of 8 persons
or fewer in each place of
business; agricultural
occupations; ice plants;
cotton gins and cotton
seed-oil mills; domestic
service in private homes
and boarding houses;
work of persons over 18
in bona fide office, foremanship, clerical, or
supervisory capacity,
executive
positions,
learned
professions,
commercial travelers,
motion-picture theaters,
seasonal hotels and
clubhouses, commerical
fishing or tobacco-re
drying plants, tobacco
warehouses, charitable
institutions; hospitals;
railroads, common car
riers, and public utilities
subject to jurisdiction of
Interstate
Commerce
Commission or North
Carolina Utilities Com
mission, and utilities
operated by municipali
ties or transportation
agencies regulated by
the Federal Govern
ment; State or munic
ipal employees; hotels,
and outside salesmen on
commission basis.
Ibid., sec. 95-26.
Women over 162
Laundry, drycleaning
establishment, pressing
club; workshop, factory,
manufacturing establish
ment, or mill. Excep
tions: Seasonal indus
tries in the process of
conditioning and pre
serving perishable or
semiperishable commod
ities; agricultural work.
Ibid., sec. 95-27—_ Females, 18 and over 2__
Retail or wholesale
mercantile
establish
ment or other business
employing females for
the purpose of serving
the public as clerks, with
3 or more employees at
any one time, sales
ladies, or waitresses, and
other employees of pub
liceating places. Excep
tions: Bookkeepers, cash
iers, office assistants; es
tablishments employing
fewer than 3 or more
chan 8 persons.
See footnotes at end of table.

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

) (in 12
con
secutive
hours.) i

Weekly

48.

55..

Days per
week

Permitted
variations

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

Meal period

In mercantile estab
lishments 10 hours a
day may be worked
from Dec. 18 to 24, in
clusive, and during
two 1-week inventory
periods annually.
Longer hours may be
worked by florists
and employees of flor
ists 1 week prior to
and including Christ
mas Day, Easter, and
Mother’s Day.
In seasonal industries
in the process of con
ditioning and pre
serving
perishable
and semiperishable
commodities,
10
hours a day, 56 a
week permitted.
In laundry and dry
cleaning
establish
ment, employees per
mitted 55 hours a
week.

Longer hours may be
worked by florists
and employees of
florists, 1 week prior
to and including
Christmas Day,
Easter, and Mother’s
Day.

J4 hour must be
allowed after
6 consecutive
hours. Period
of 6J4 hours
may be worked
if terms of em
ployment do
not call for a
day longer than
this.

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

NORTH
DAKOTA:
Rev. Code 1943,
vol. 4, sec. 34
0606.

Department of
Agriculture
and
Labor,
MinimumWage Order
No. 2, Sept. 1,
1949.
Minimum-Wage
Order No. 5,
July 7, 1953.
Ibid., Order No.
1, Aug. 16, 1956.

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Females, 18 and over__
Manufacturing, me
chanical, or mercantile
establishment: hotel or
restaurant, telephone or
telegraph establishment
or office, or express or
transportation company.
Exceptions: Villages or
towns of less than 500
population (see entries
from Minimum-Wage
Orders 1 and 3); rural
telephone
exchanges;
small telephone ex
changes and telegraph
offices, if Commissioner
after a hearing deter
mines that work is too
light to justify applica
tion of the Act.

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

Weekly

48....

Women, 18 and over__
Manufacturing Occu
pation.z
(SEE Appendix I.)

Women, 18 and over__
Telephone
Occupa
tions—all Telephone Ex
changes.
Women, 18 and over__ m.
Public Housekeeping
Occupation.3
(Establishments in 9—
towns of less than 500
population.)
(SEE Appendix I.)

See footnotes at end of table.

48.
54.

Days per
week

. 6..............

Permitted
variations

10 hours in any
1 day, and work
on 7 days in any
1 week permitted
in emergencies,
provided weekly
hour limit is not
exceeded.
Emergency
deemed to exist:
(1) in the case of
sickness of
more than 1
female employ
ee, when doc
tor’s certifi
cate must be
furnished
showing it will
not be danger
ous to human
life to continue
employment
in the estab
lishment in
volved; (2) em
ployment re
quired in con
nection with a
banquet, con
vention, cele
bration, or
because the
legislative as
sembly is in
session; (3) em
ployment as
reporter in any
of the courts of
the State.*

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Night work
Overtime

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

30-minute mini
mum
period
for noon meal.
No woman shall
be employed
more than
successive hours
without a rest
period.
Adequate time at
reasonable hours
for meals.
^-hour period,
free from inter
ruption, for each
meal furnished
employee on
premises; 1 hour,
if employee
must leave
premises for
meals.
No woman shall
be employed for
more than 4
hours of contin
uous labor
without a rest
period.
Time for meals
eaten on prem
ises during
working shift
considered work
ing time.

11 p.m. to 7
a.m., for ele
vator opera
tors.

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

NORTH
DAKOTA—Con.
Department of
Agriculture and
Labor, Mini
mum-Wage
Order No. 3,
Mar. 6,1957.
Ibid., Order No.
4, Mar. 12,
1959.

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Women, 18 and over___
Mercantile
Occupation.
(Establishments in
towns of less than 500
population.)
(SEE Appendix I.)
Women, 18 and over---Laundry, Cleaning and
Dyeing Occupation.
(SEE Appendix I.)

OHIO:
Rev. Code Anno
tated (Page’s,
1953), with 1959
supp., title 41,
secs. 4107.43,
4107.45, 4107.46.

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

Weekly

Days per
week

Permitted
variations

54.

Females, 18 and over1.. 38 (in 10). 48............ - 6................. In mercantile es
tablishments,
Any employment.3
10 hours on 1
SEE next entries for
day of the cal
manufacturing,
cases
not otherwise covered,
endar week per
mitted females
and financial institu
over 18, and 10
tions. Exceptions: Agri
hours within 12
cultural field occupa
tions, domestic service
consecutive
hours on days
in private homes, fe
preceding May
males over 21 in mercan
tile establishments and
30, July 4,
Thanksgiving
communications com
Day, Dec. 26,
panies in cities under
and Jan. 1; pro
5,000 population; fe
vided weekly
males over 21 earning at
maximum and
least $45 a week in exec
8 hours on other
utive, professional, su
days of week
pervisory, or admini
strative positions re
are not ex
ceeded.
quiring a certain
In laundry and
amount of discretion;
dry cleaning es
women in the profes
tablishments, 9
sions of medicine, regis
hours on any 2
tered nursing, phar
days of the cal
macy, law, teaching,
endar week per
and social work; profes
sional employees in hos
mitted; pro
pitals, such as graduate
vided maxi
mum of 48 hours
and student nurses, an
esthetists, technicians,
is not exceeded.
In
an office, 10
graduate and student
hours, within
dietitians, and interns.
12 consecutive
hours, on any 1
day of a cal
endar week per
mitted females
over 18.
In public trans
portation com
panies females
over 21 may be
employed to
operate street
cars, trackless
trolleys, or mo
tor coaches for
same hours and
periods as
males, provided
maximum 48hour week is
not exceeded.
See footnotes at end of table.

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

Vi hour must be
allowed for the
noon meal.
No woman shall
be employed for
more than 4
hours of con
tinuous labor
without a rest
period.
Adequate time
and provision
at reasonable
hours must be
given to em
ployees for
meals.
In mercantile estab H-hour period
lishments, 10 hours in
after 5 consecu
tive hours of
any 1 day and 50
work, except fe
hours in week per
males over 21
mitted 1 week in first
6 months of year, and
employed by
public trans
2 weeks in last 6
months of year.
portation com
pany. (Periods
In laundry and dry
of less than H
cleaning
establish
hour not
ments, 9 hours on any
2 days of the week
deemed inter
and 50 hours a week
ruption to con
tinuous work.)
may be worked in
the weeks preceding
or including New
Year’s, Good Friday,
Memorial Day, July
4,
Labor
Day,
Thanksgiving, and
Christmas.
During periods of emer
gency caused by fire,
flood, epidemic, or
other disaster, hour
provisions not appli
cable to public utility
company, and carrier
subject to Part I of
Interstate Commerce
Act, or a communica
tions company.

9 p.m. to 6
a.m., for fe
male taxi
drivers.

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

OHIO—Continued
Revised Code
Annotated, sec.
4107.46—Con.

Ibid., sec. 4107.47.

Ibid., sec. 4107.42.

OKLAHOMA:
Stat. Annotated
(1954), with
1959 supp., title
40, secs. 81, 82.

OREGON:
Rev. Stat. (1957),
vol. 5, secs.
653.255, 653.265.

Maximum-hour provisions

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Females, 18 and over__
Manufacturing estab
lishments and cases not
otherwise covered.4

Females..-_____ _____
Financial institutions,
including Federal Re
serve banks and home
loan banks.

Daily

Weekly

Days per
week

2 9........

48______

6..............

9.......... .

48 .

Permitted
variations

10 hours a day
may be wrorked
on any 1 day of
the week by fe
males over 18,
provided work
is divided into 2
or more periods
which fall with
in 12 consecutive
hours.

Females..........................
Factory, workshop,
businessoffice, telephone
or telegraph office, res
taurant, bakery, milli
nery or dressmaking
establishment, mercan
tile or other establish
ment.

Females, 16 and over__ 9................ 54..............
Manufacturing, me
chanical, or mercantile
establishment, laundry,
bakery, hotel, restau
rant, office building,
warehouse, telegraph or
telephone establishment
or office, printing estab
lishment, bookbindery,
theater,
showhouse,
place of amusement, or
any other establish
ment.1 Exceptions: Reg
istered
pharmacists,
nurses; agricultural or
domestic service; estab
lishments
employing
fewer than 5 females in
places of less than 5,000
population.
Females____ _________ HO
Any manufacturing,
mechanical, or mercan
tile establishment, laun
dry, hotel, restaurant,
telegraph or telephone
establishment or office,
or express or transporta
tion company.

See footnotes at end of table.

1 60.........
4

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

In canning establish At least H-hour
ments preparing agri
period after 5
cultural or horticul
consecutive
hours of work.
tural perishable foods
during the grower’s
(Period of less
harvest season, hours
than H hour
not deemed
restrictions inappli
interruption to
cable to females over
21 engaged in canning
continuous
farmer’s perishable
work.)
products.
During periods of ex H-hour period
after 5 consecu
traordinary
condi
tions caused by prep
tive hours of
work. (Period
aration of reports for
of less than H
any department of
the State or the Fed
hour not deemed
eral Government, the
interruption to
daily maximum of 9
continuous
hours shall not apply
work.)
to those actually en
gaged in report prep
aration.
H hour for meal
time in estab
lishments
providing
lunchrooms; if
suitable lunch
room is not pro
vided, 1-hour
period during
which time em
ployees may
leave establish
ment.
Telephone operators in
time of great disaster
or calamity or epi
demic may be em
ployed over the maxi
mum hours, if consent
of employees is
secured and double
time paid.
Hotel and restaurant
employees in emer
gencies may work
maximum of 10 hours
a day, if consent of
employees is secured
and double time is
paid for such extra
time.

Provisions inapplicable
to females employed
in harvesting, pack
ing, curing, canning,
and drying of perish
able fruits, vegetables,
or fish, provided em
ployees are paid 1H
times regular rate for
hours over 10 when
employed in can
neries or drying or
packing plants.

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

OREGON—Con.
Wage and Hour
Commission
Order No. 17,
July 22, 1941.
Ibid., No. 5, Jan.
7, 1951.

Maximum-hour provisions

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Women and minors___
Student nurses in
places such as hospitals
and sanitariums.
Women and minors
under 18.
Hospitals, Sanitariums,
Convalescent and Ola
Peoples' Homes.
(SEE Appendix I.)

Daily

Weekly

8___ ____ 44_______ 6___

Women and minors under 18.
Mercantile.
(SEE Appendix I.)

8......... .

Ibid., No. 6, Feb.
10, 1953.

Women and minors under 18.
Preparing Poultry, Rab
bits, Fish, or Eggs for
Distribution.
(SEE Appendix I.)

8—......... . 44............

Ibid., No. 12,
Oct 13,1953.

Women and minors
under 18.
Office.
(SEE Appendix I.)

Ibid., No. 1,
Aug. 10, 1954.

Women and minors
under 18.
Beauty Operators and
Manicurists.
(SEE Appendix I.)
Female beauticians
10
Other employees............. 8-......... .

Permitted
variations

48_______

Ibid., No. 9, May
6, 1952.

See footnotes at end of table.

Days per
week

44______

6____

44 _

44.. ___
44

6__
6________

Employee want
ing greater
number of con
secutive days
off may work 10
days without a
day off, if
agreeable to
employer and
other employees
in the depart
ment.

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Night work
Overtime

Meal period

30 minutes after 5
consecutive
hours of work.
“On-duty" meal
period permit
ted when
nature of work
prevents relief
from all duty;
to be counted
as time worked.
In emergencies, Com 45 minutes after 5
consecutive hours
mission may grant
of work.
special overtime per
mit; issued only on “On-duty" meal
condition the applica
period permitted
when nature of
ble minimum over
time rate specified in
work prevents
order (1^4 times the
relief from all
minimum) is paid.
duty; to be
counted as time
worked.
In case of emergency,
overtime permitted,
provided 11$ times
the regular rate is
paid for such over
time.
In event of disaster
within the com
munity, hours regu
lations not applicable.

In emergencies, Com 30 minutes after 4
consecutive hours
mission may grant
of work, except
special overtime per
on 5-hour day.
mit for hours over 8
and 44; 1^4 times regu “On-duty” meal
lar rate must be paid
period permitted
for hours over 40 a
when nature of
week.
work prevents
relief from all
duty; to be
counted as time
worked.
Exemption by
Commission may
be authorized.
In emergencies, Com
mission may grant
special overtime per
mit. \Vi times regu
lar rate must be paid
for all time in excess
of regular hours.

30 minutes after 5
consecutive
hours of work,
except on 6hour day.
“On-duty” meal
period per
mitted when
nature of work
prevents relief
from all duty;
to be counted
as time worked.
Exemption by
Commission
may bo author30 minutes after 4
consecutive
hours of work,
except on 5hour workday.

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

10 minute paid
period for each
4 hours’ work
ing time, or
major fraction
thereof, insofar
as practicable
in middle of
work period.
10-minute paid pe
riod, for each 4
hours’ working
time, or major
fraction thereof,
insofar as practi
cable in middle
of work period.
If forenoon work
period is less
than 2% hours,
no rest period
need be given,
if agreeable to
employee and
employer; 20minute period
must be given
in afternoon.
10-minute paid pe
riod for each 4
hours' working
time, or major
fraction thereof;
insofar as prac
ticable in middle
of work period.
Exemption by
Commission may
be authorized.

.do.

No woman shall be
required to re
port for, or be
dismissed from,
work between 10
p.m. and 6 a.m.,
unless suitable
transportation is
available.
If meal period oc
curs between
these hours, fa
cilities for hot
food and drink
must be avail
able.

10-minute paid
period for each
4 hours of work
ing time or
major fraction
thereof; insofar
as practicable
in middle of
work,period.

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

OREGON—Con.
Wage and HornCommission
Order No. 4,
Mar. 10, 1956.

Ibid., No. 13,
Mar. 10, 1956.

Ibid., No. IS,
Aug. 4,1956.

Ibid., No. 14,
Nov 9, 1956.

Maximum-hour provisions

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Women and minors
under 18.
Amusement and Rec
reation.
(SEE Appendix I.)

Daily

8-—......... 44

under 18.
Public Housekeeping.
(SEE Appendix I.)

Ibid., No. 10,
May 10, 1957.

Industries for which
the State Wage and
Hour Commission has
not established by indi
vidual or special order a
different wage. Excep
tions: Minors employed
at domestic work and at
chores in or about pri
vate residences; news
paper carriers and news
paper vendors.
See footnotes at end of table.

Days per
week

44.............. 6................

8................ 44_______

Permitted
variations

6...............

8................. ___

under 18.
Personal Service.
(SEE Appendix I.)

under 18.
Telephone, Telegraph,
or Similar Communica
tions Occupations. Ex
ceptions: Women em
ployed in administra
tive, executive or pro
fessional capacities, as
defined.

Weekly

..............

6................

6........ ......

Employment on
7th day permit
ted for employ
ees who work 6
hours or less a
day.

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

Meal period

In emergencies, Com 30 minutes after 5
mission may grant
consecutive
special overtime per
hours of work.
mit. 1J4 times regu
lar rate must be paid
for all time in excess
of regular hours.
Employees have
right of appeal to the
Wage and Hour Com
mission if they feel
they are being re
quired to work over
time too frequently
or unnecessarily.
-do.
----- do..............................

Rest period

10-minute paid
period for each 4
hours of work
ing time or ma
jor fraction
thereof; insofar
as practicable
in middle of
work period.

Regulated

(2)

.do.

In emergencies, Com 30 minutes after Two 10-minute
mission may grant
5 consecutive
periods in 8-hour
special overtime per
hours of work,
workday; inso
mit. \Yi times regu
except on 6-hour
far as practi
lar rate must be paid
workday.
cable in middle
for all time in excess
of each work
of regular hours. Tel
period.
ephone or telegraph
establishments not
demanding uninter
rupted attention of
operator may be
granted a special li
cense for different
hours by the Com
mission.
In emergencies, Com 30 minutes after
10-minute paid
mission may grant
5 consecutive
period for each
special overtime per
hours of work.
4 hours of
mit. in times regular “On-duty” meal
working time or
rate must be paid for
period permit
major fraction
all time in excess of
ted when nature
thereof; insofar
regular hours.
of work pre
as practicable
Employees may appeal
vents relief from
in middle of
to the Wage and Hour
all duty; to be
work period.
Commission if they
counted as time
feel they are being
worked.
required to workover
time too frequently
or unnecessarily.
30 minutes after
10-minute paid
5 consecutive
period as nearly
hours of work,
as possible in
except minors
the middle of
under 16.
each 4-hour
30 minutes at
work period.
noon; not to be
counted as
working time.

Prohibited

(2)

(>)

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

OREGON—Con.
Wage and Hour
Commission
Order No. 3,
July 9, 1957.

Ibid., No. 7,
Jan. 3, 1958.

under 18.
Organized
Youth
Camps.
(SEE Appendix I.)

under 18.
Laundry, Cleaning
and Dyeing.
(SEE Appendix I.)

Ibid., No. 8,
Mar. 15, 1959.

Ibid., No. 2,
Oct. 12, 1959.

Maximum-hour provisions

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

under 18.
Manufacturing.
(SEE Appendix I.)

under 18.
Canning, Freezing,
and Processing.
(SEE Appendix I.)

Daily

Weekly

8________

Days per
week
6___

44............ . 3

8...........___

44 ............

Permitted
variations

secutive hours
free time each
week, camp may
allow 48 consec
utive hours free
time for each
2-week period.

........

6................

10 (for
mi
nors).

PENNSYLVANIA:
Stat. Annotated
Females, 18 and over___ i 10............ 48.............- 6...........— (SEE Overtime.)
Any ' establishment, By regu
(Purdon’s 1952),
By regu
By regu
By regulation:
with 1958 supp., i.e., any place where
lation:
lation:
Office employlation:
work is done for compen- a 10 (in 12). 48.—....... 6________
title 43, secs.
103, 104, 107;
sation of any sort to
(G-2).
regular sched
(G-2).
(G-2).
and
whomever payable. Ex
ule of 40 hours
Department of
ceptions: Agricultural
a week or less,
Labor and
field occupations; do
on an annual
Industry Regu mestic service in private
salary basis
lations (as indi homes; nurses in hospi
and not laid
cated) Govern tals; executives * over 21
off in slack
ing the Hours
years of age earning at
periods, may
be employed
Provisions of
least $35 a week.
the Women’s
By regulation:
10 hours in
Law and ReguSecretaries to execuany day, 54
See footnotes at end of table.

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Night work
Meal period

Overtime

Rest period

2 hours off duty
In emergencies, Com
between 7 a.m.
mission may grant
and 7 p.m. each
special overtime per
day for every
mit. lYi times regular
rate must be paid for
volunteer or
counselor.
all overtime worked.
Employees may appeal
to Wage and Hour
Commission if they
feel they are being
required to work over
time too frequently
or unnecessarily.
In emergencies, (1) Yi 45 minutes after 5 10-minute paid
period for each 4
hour overtime a day
consecutive
hours of work
permitted, provided
hours of work.
ing time or
1H times regular rate “On-duty” meal
major fraction
period, if nature
is paid for hours ever
thereof; insofar
8 a day, 44 a week;
of work pre
as practicable
and (2) Commission
vents employee
in middle of
may grant a special
from being re
work period.
lieved of all
overtime permit for
hours over 8Vi a day,
duty, to be
counted as time
44 a week. iy> times
worked.
regular rate must be
paid for hours over 8
up to 10 a day, over
44 up to 60 a week.
Employees may appeal
to Wage and Hour
Commission, if they
feel they are being
required to work
overtime too fre
quently or unneces
sarily.
In emergencies, Com 30 minutes after 5
consecutive
mission may grant
hours of work.
special overtime per
mit. 1H times regu “On-duty” meal
lar rate must be paid
period permit
ted if nature of
for
all
overtime
worked.
work prevents
relief from all
duty; to bo
counted as time
worked.
15-minute paid
No maximum-hour pro 30 consecutive
period after 3
minutes after 5
vision for women.
consecutive
However,
women
hours of work;
hours of work.
and minors working
except on 6(1) over 10 hours a
hour workday.
day must be paid 1J4
times regular rate for
all overtime worked;
(2) on 7th consecutive
day in regularly
scheduled workweek
must be paid lt£
times regular rate for
the first 8 hours, dou
ble time for hours in
excess of 8.
If strict application of J^-hour meal or
rest period
law imposes unnec
must be granted
essary hardship, De
partment of Labor
after 5 consecu
tive hours of
and Industry, with
work. (Interval
approval of industrial
of less than ^
board, may make gen
hour not to be
eral and special rules
deemed inter
prescribing variations.
ruption of work
By regulation:
period.)
In emergencies, de
fined as a situation Employees shall
not be required
resulting from fire,
to remain in
flood, storm, epi
workroom durdemic, act of God,

577981-81-

(SEE Meal
Period.)
By regulation:
15-minute
period after 3
hours of work
for female oper
ators of eleva
tors, unless
seats are pro
vided. (W-4.)

Prohibited

Regulated

C3)

(3)

Females may be
employed in
manufacturing
establishments,
provided there
is compliance
with the law and
with regulations
of the industrial
board. Applica
tion for employ
ment on 2- or 3shift basis must
be made to De
partment of

STATE HOUR LAWS
State

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

Weekly

Days per
week

Permitted
variations

pennsylvania-

Continued
lations Affecting
Employment of
Women, 1948
edition, as
amended.

tives (exempt from
provisions of labor
law) are not subject to
the hour provisions of
such laws, provided
they earn at least $35
a week. (G-5.)

See footnotes at end of table.

hours in any
week, if em
ployment in
quarterly peri
od of 13 con
secutive weeks
does not ex
ceed 520 hours.
(0-7.)
If Vi hour or
more is lost
because of
breakdown of
machinery on
which em
ployee is
engaged and
dependent for
employment,
maximum
hours may
be extended
2 hours a day
to make up
time lost.
Week may
not exceed 48
hours. Writ
ten report
must be sent
to Depart
ment of
Labor. (G-8.)

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nigbtwork
Overtime

Meal period

public disaster, or
ing meal or rest
Government order
period.
which requires la- By regulation:
bor longer than 10
6 consecutive
hours a day or 48
hours may be
hours a week to preworked by emserve life, property,
ployee then
health, or the public
dismissed for
service, employees
day, provided
whose duties are
15-minute rest
directly connected
period is
with such emergenallowed.
cies may be permit(G-ll.)
ted to work more
The regularly
than the daily and
scheduled
weekly maxi mums
meal or rest
prescribed. If emerperiod may be
gency exists for more
eliminated,
than 24 hours, perprovided apmission for overtime
proval of
must be obtained
Labor Departfrom the Secretary
ment has been
of Labor, who shall
obtained and
determine the duraemployees are
tion of the emerpermitted to
gency. (G-2.)
eat and rest at
In canning, process
such intervals
ing or packing peras not to enishable fruits or vegedanger their
tables during canhealth in
ning season, employindustries
ment beyond hours
where manuspecified permitted
facturing procprovided approval
esses involve
of Labor Departcontinuous
ment is obtained
operation or,
before
establishwhere processes once begun
ment puts into
effect any schedule
must be comof hours at variance
pleted, to
with the strict proavoid spoilage,
visions of the stator where an
ute. (S-l.)
employee’s
Outside representaduties require
tives may be perher to be away
mitted to work in
from the facexcess of 10 hours a
tory, office, or
day and 48 hours
depot. (G-6.)
and 6 days a week.
1 hour after 6
(G-10.)
continuous
Maximum-hour prohours of work
visions may be
for regular emwaived for night
ployees in reservice in telephone
tail trade.
exchanges in con(S-3.)
tract employment
Maximum of 6
located in bona fide
consecutive
home, provided: (a)
hours without
business may be
J^-hour period
cared for by memin canning,
bers of contracting
processing and
family or bona fide
housohold; (b) no
fruits or vegedefinite assignment
tables during
of hours is necesthe canning
sary; and (c) emseason. (S-l.)
ployee has a general
A total of 2
average of at least 6
hours’ inhours of rest during
activity is
the night. (W-7.)
considered
equivalent to
1-hour meal or
rest period in
small telephone office
with one oper
ator on duty
from 10 p.m.
to 7 a.m. (S-5.)

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

Labor and
Industry.
By regulation:
Employers of females on 2- or
3-shift basis
must: (a)
Comply with
all applicable
laws; (b) provide responsible management and
supervision
during working hours; (c)
arrange adequate transportation, if
prompt public
transportation
is not available
or worker does
not have regular private
transportation;
and (d) obtain
permit for
such employment of females from Department of
Labor and
Industry for a
period not to
exceed 2 years.
(S-6.)

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

PENNSYLVANIAContinued
Stat. Annotated
(Purdon's 1952),
with 1958 supp.,
title 43, secs. 41,
47, 48.

Ibid., sec. 481

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

Weekly

Days per
week

Females under 21........ ............... ......................... .........
Distributing or selling
newspapers, magazines,
periodicals, publications
or articles of merchan
dise; and
Minors under 21.
Messenger service for
telephone, telegraph, or
messenger companies.
Men and women_________ _____ ____________ 6.
Motion picture the
ater.

PUERTO RICO:
Laws Annotated
(1953), with
1959 supp., title
29, secs. 289,295,
296, 298, 299,
and title 33, sec.

Men and women............
Any commercial or
industrial establish
ment, enterprise, or lu
crative business not sub
ject to sec. 2201 of the
2201.
Penal Code,2 i.e., shops
for the repair of machin
ery of any industry;
shops giving service or
facilities to any indus
try; printeries, editori
als, newspaper enter
prises, garages, filling
stations and gasoline
distributing establish
ments; public market
places (not including
establishments or stands
for the sale of provisions
and merchandise); es
tablishments where re
freshments and coffee
are sold—restaurants,
cafes, hotels, inns; con
fectionery and pastry
stores; stands selling
only candy, matches,
tobacco, newspapers;
flashlights and acces
sories; bulbs for domes
tic use; plug fuses and
fuses; casinos; billiard
rooms; ice depots; meat
stands; milk depots;
slaughterhouses; dairies;
livery stables; piers or
docks; undertaking es
tablishments; public
and quasipublic utili
ties; theaters, racetracks,
and other places de
voted exclusively to
amusement of charity;
pharmacies; commercial
establishments oper
ating within airports;
commercial or service
establishments oper
ating within hotels
which constitute a part
of facilities offered to
guests or visitors. Ex
ceptions: Occasional or
piecework; and profes
sionals, executives and
administrators.
See footnotes at end of table.

Permitted
variations

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

8 p.m. to 6 a.m._

By permit from the__
Secretary of Labor,
emergency work nec
essary to prevent
danger and consider
able financial loss
may be performed on
days establishment
must remain closed
to the public.
Employees employed
or permitted to work
on day of rest shall
be paid double the
salary rate for regular
working hours.

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

Weekly

PUERTO RICO—
Continued
Laws Annotated— Females__ __________
Con., title 29,
Any lucrative occupa
secs. 289, 457,
tion, i.e., work in any
458, 465.
factory, mill, centrale,
machine shop or estab
lishment or place of any
kind where a factory or
mechanical enterprise
exists; storehouse, store,
establishment or place
of any kind where mer
cantile transactions are
carried on; farms, plan
tations, rural properties
or places of any kind
where agricultural, hor
ticultural, or pasturing
pursuits are followed;
mining and fishing un
dertakings.

Minimum-Wage
Board Orders,
as amended by
Act 96, effec
tive Juno 26,
1956.

Men and women
Alcoholic
Beverages
and Industrial Alcohol
Industry, No. 30, Oct. 8,
1959; Food and Related
Products Industry, No.
33, Jan. 15, 1960; Retail I

See footnotes at end of table.

Days per
week

Permitted
variations

FOR WOMEN—Continued

Nightwork
Overtime

Meal period

1 hour; work
period may not
exceed 4 con
secutive hours.
Exception: Tex
tile factories.
Yt hour in textile
factories be
tween the 2
periods in 8hour shifts,
provided fac
tory establishes
a cafeteria on
its premises
where workers
may, if desired,
take their meals
at reasonable
prices.

No maximum-hour
provisions.
How
ever, twice the regu
lar rate must be paid
for hours worked over
8 a day and 48 a week,
and on day of rest.

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

10 p.m. to 6
a.m. Excep
tions: Women
over 18 em
ployed as
telephone
operators,
telegraphers,
artists, nurses,
and houseworkers; in
tourist or
commercial
hotels.
SEE also
Nightwork
Regulated.

Employment of
women 18 and
over permitted
between 10 p.m.
and 6 a.m., pro
vided woman is
not pregnant;
does not work
more than a
total of 8 hours
in the 24-hour
period preceding
6 a.m.; and
work shift is
rotated so that
no woman shall
work consecu
tively on night
shift more than 3
weeks: (1) In the
textile industry
and in the pack
ing, canning, or
refrigeration of
fruits or vege
tables; (2) in
cases of emer
gency or neces
sity, for the
purpose of per
mitting employ
ers or owners to
complete urgent
or necessary
works which
must be finished
within a deter
mined time in
shops, factories,
or any other
commercial or
industrial estab
lishment, by
permit from
Secretary of
Labor. Com
pensation to be
paid for accord
ing to statute.!
Employer must
provide trans
portation facili
ties from factory
to bus stops for
women who
work at night in
textile factory
located in dis
trict distant
from bus and
public vehicle
stops.

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

PUERTO RICO—
Continued.
Minimum-Wage
Board Orders—
Continued
Note: Working
conditions from
applicable
orders num
bered 1 to 24,
issued prior to
Act 96 of June
26, 1966 (which .
changed the
minimum-wage
rates), remain
in full force and
effect.
Ibid., see Note.

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Trade Industry, No. 42,
May 10, 1958; Hospitals,
Clinics, and Sanatoria
Industry, No. 41, July
10, 1958; Hotel Industry,
No. 46, Aug. 5, 1958;
Restaurant, Bar and
Soda Fountain Indus
try,(No. 47, Aug. 28,1958;
Coffee Industry in Its
Agricultural Phase, No.
58, Oct. 3, 1959; Dairy
Industry,. No. 27, Apr.
9, 1960; Laundry and
Dry Cleaning Industry,
No. 37, May 1, 1960.
(SEE Appendix I.)
Men and women
Paper and Paper Prod
ucts,
Printing
and
Publishing Industry, No.
31, June 17, 1960.
(SEE Appendix I.)

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

Weekly

(*)

Ibid., see Note.

Men and women
Wholesaling and Ware
housing Industry, No.
34, Oct. 30, 1957.
(SEE Appendix I.)

Ibid., see Note.

Men and women
Transportation
In
dustry, No. 38, Aug. 16,
1960.
(SEE Appendix I.)

(ia)

Ibid., see Note.

Men and women
Construction Industry,
No. 44. June 15, 1958.
(SEE Appendix I.)

Ibid., see Note.

Men and women............
Theater and Cinema
Industry, No. 48, Sept.
12, 1958.
(SEE Appendix I.)

RHODE ISLAND:
General Laws
1956, with 1959
supp., vol. 5,
sees. 28-3-11,
28-3-16.

Women and minors, 16
to 18.
Factory, or manufac
turing,
mechanical,
business, or mercantile
establishment. Excep
tion: Women working
by shifts during differ
ent periods or parts of
the day, in the employ
of a public utility.
See footnotes at end of table.

48.

Days per
week

Permitted
variations

If a 5-day week is
worked, daily
hours may be
9 3/5.

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

No maximum-hour
provisions.
How
ever, twice the regu
lar rate must be paid
for hours worked over
8 a day and 44 a week,
and on day of rest.

do -

Meal period

Prohibited

Regulated

1 hour of rest for
meals during 4,
or part of 4, con
secutive hours
of work. Ex
ceptions: News
paper, magazine
and photoen
graving phase,
provided twice
the earned wage
is paid em
ployee for work
during said rest
period.

No maximum-hour pro
visions.
However,
twice the regular rate
must be paid for 9th
hour worked on any
day;
times for
hours over 9 a day
and on day of rest.
No maximum-hour pro 1 hour of rest not
later than noon
visions.
However,
for lunch period.
twice the regular rate
must be paid for Twice the wage
rate must bo
hours worked over 8 a
paid employee
day and 44 a week,
required or per
and on day of rest.
mitted to work
during said rest
period.
No
maximum-hour
provisions.
How
ever, twice the reg
ular rate must be
paid for hours worked
over 8 a day and 40 a
week, and on day of
rest.

Rest period

15-minute paid
period for light
meal after first
2 hours of
work.

€9

STATE HOUR LAWS
Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

State

RHODE
ISLAND—Con.
General Laws
1956—Con., secs.
28-3-13,
28-3-14,
28-3-16.

Ibid., sec.
28-3-17.

ibid., vol. 4,
sec. 25-1-6.

Minimum-Wage
Order, 5-R-2,
Jan. 1, 1954.

Minimum-Wage
Administrative
Regulations.
Oct. 1, 1957.

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

Weekly

Days per
week

Permitted
variations

Women and minors.......
Factory, workshop,
mechanical, or mercan
tile establishment. Ex
ceptions: Women work
ing by shifts during dif
ferent periods or parts of
the day in the employ
of a public utility; tele
phone exchange where
operator during the
night is not required to
operate at the switch
board continuously but
may sleep during a con
siderable part of the
night.
Persons under 21-—.......................... . ...........................
Messenger for tele
graph, telephone, or
messenger company in
the distribution, trans
mission, or delivery of
goods or messages.
Men and women-................................. ........ ........ . 3 q
Gainful activities in
any store, mill or factory;
any commercial occupa
tion; work of transporta
tion, communication, or
industrial process. Ex
ception: Work which is
both absolutely neces
sary and can lawfully be
performed on Sunday.

Men and women______ < 9.
Restaurant and Hotel
Restaurant Occupations.
(See Appendix I.)

Men and women-...........
Restaurant, Hotel Res
taurant and Public House
keeping Occupations.
(See Appendix I.)

See footnotes at end of table.

4 48.

If a 5-day week is
worked, daily
hours may be
9

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

Meal peiiod

.20 minutes after16.
consecutive
hours of em
ployment, ex
cept on; (1) 6^hour workday
which ends not
later than 1
p.m.; (2) 714hour workday
which ends not
later than 2
p.m., provided
worker is al
lowed sufficient
opportunity for
“On-duty”
meal.2

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

10 p.m. to 5

Upon written appli
cation, with a sworn
statement of neces
sity for work and of
economic hardship
which would prevail,
at least 10 days pre
vious to the Sunday
or holiday referred
to, Director of Labor
may grant a permit
for employment on
such days.
Employees
working
Sundays and holi
days, under such per
mit, must receive at
least 1H times em
ployee's regular rate
for work so per
formed.
Provision
inapplicable to per
sons employed at
letic contests and
events.

Transportation
must be pro
vided women
going off duty
between 11 p.m.
and 6 a.m., un
less employee
has own means
of transporta
tion. Time
spent waiting for
such transpor
tation to be
counted and
paid for, as
working time.
Do.
(Applicable to
women employed
in hotel and
hotel restaurant
occupations.)

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

Employeo coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

RHODE
ISLAND—Con.
Minimum-Wage
Men and women............
Order, 4-R-3,
Retail Trade Occupa
July 1, 1958.
tions.
(SEE Appendix I.)
Minimum-Wage
Men and women______
Administrative
Retail Trade Occupa
Regulation,
tions.
Oct. 1, 1957.
(SEE Appendix I.)
SOUTH
CAROLINA:
Code of Laws 1952, All operatives and em
with 1959 supp.
ployees.
vol. 4, secs.
Cotton and woolen
40-61, 40-62.
manufacturing establish
ments engaged in man
ufacture of merchan
dise. Exceptions: Me
chanics, engineers, fire
men, watchmen, team
sters, yard employees,
and clerical force.
Ibid., sec. 40-81... Women..........................
Mercantile establish
ments.
Ibid., vol. 6, secs. Women and children...
64-5, 64-6.
Manufacturing estab
lishment,
i.e., any
plant or place of business
engaged in manufactur
ing; mercantile estab
lishment, i.e., any place
where goods or wares
are offered or exposed for
sale, not including, how
ever, a cafeteria or res
taurant.
Exceptions:
Manufacturing estab
lishments involving
chemical manufacturing
processes requiring con
tinued and uninter
rupted operation for
normal production.
Ibid., vol. 4, sec
Men and women
40-51, 40-52,
Cotton, rayon, silk,
40-53.
or woolen textile mills.
Exceptions: Office and
supervisory staff, en
gineers, firemen, watch
men, shipping and out
side crews, repair shop
crews, carpenters, me
chanics, and electricians.
Ibid., vol. 6, secs.
Regular employees,
64-4, 64-4.1,
i.e., those who usually
64-5.1.
work 8 hours or more a
week (men and women.)
Textile manufactur
ing, finishing, dyeing,
printing, or processing.
Exceptions: Watchmen,
firemen, and other main
tenance and custodial
employees,
establish
ments in any city hav
ing exact population of
5,140, provided no work
is performed before 10
p.m. on Sunday.

See footnotes at end of table.

Weekly

Days per
week

Permitted
variations

(«)

If a 5-day week Is
worked, daily
hours may be
9^.<

<48.

(«)

(!)

(2)

(3)

5 (in 7
consec
utive
days).

*6..

Over 10 hours a
day or over 55
hours a week
may be worked
to make up time
lost by accident
or other unavoid
able cause, up to
60 hours in calen
dar year. Such
time lost must be
made up within
3 months after it
was incurred.

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Night work
Overtime

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

After 10 p.m.
SPECIAL NATION
AL EMERGENCY
PROVISION.

Sunday employment
permitted if: (1) “of
absolute necessity or
emergency”; or (2)
voluntary work, in
certain departments,
essential to offset or
eliminate a processing
bottleneck or to re
store a balance in
processing operations
and to maintain a
normal production
schedule. 1H times
the usual average
daily wage or salary
must be paid for such
employment.
ALSO SPECIAL
NATIONAL
EMERGENCY
PROVISION.

STATE HOUR LAWS
State

SOUTH
DAKOTA:
Code 1939, with
1956 supp., vol.
1, sec. 17.0601.

TENNESSEE:
Code Annotated
(1953), with
1959 supp., vol.
9, secs. 50-718,
50-719.

Maximum-hour provisions

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Females and minors un
der 16.
Any occupation. Ex
ceptions: Farm laborers,
domestic servants, tele
graph or telephone oper
ators, persons engaged
in the care of livestock.

Daily

Females, 15 and over___ 91
Factory (see second
maximum-hour entry),
mine, mill, workshop,
mechanical or mercan
tile establishment; laun
dry, cleaning, and press
ing
establishment;
hotel, restaurant, roominghouse, theater, mov
ing-picture show, bar
bershop, beauty shop,
roadside drink- or food
vending establishment;
telegraph, telephone, or
other office; express or
transportation com
pany; State institution,
or any other establish
ment, institution, or en
terprise where females
are employed.2
Factory manufactur 10 (double
ing woolen, worsted, and
the reg
cotton goods or articles
ular rate
out of cotton goods.
must be
Exceptions: Stenogra
paid for
phers and pharmacists;4
hours
mercantile establish
over 9 a
ments and telephone
day).
and telegraph companies
in rural districts and in
towns of less than 3,000
population; superin
tendents, matrons,
nurses, and attendants
employed by, in, or
about such orphans'
homes as are charitable
institutions not run for
profit and not operated
by the State; and em
ployees engaged in the
first processing of, or
in canning or packing,
See footnotes at end of table.

Days per
week

Permitted
variations

Females, 18 and over___ 10.
Workshops or facto
ries, i.e., manufacturing,
mills, mechanical, elec
trical, mercantile, art,
and laundering estab
lishments; printing, tele
graph and telephone of
fices (see second maxi
mum-hour entry); de
partment stores; or any
kind of establishment
wherein labor is em
ployed or machinery
used. Exceptions: Do
mestic service, agricul
tural pursuits, fruit and
vegetable canning fac
tories.
Telegraph and/or tele- 10phone offices.

TEXAS:
Civil Stat. (Ver
non’s, 1947),
with 1959 supp.,
vol. 15, Article
5172a, secs. 1, 2,
3, 5, 6, 9,11.

Weekly

50.

In laundries and
cleaning and
pressing estab
lishments, 11
hours’ work per
mitted on any
day if weekly
maximum is not
exceeded and
double the reg
ular rate is paid
for hours over 9
a day.
In banks, 12 hours’
work permitted
in any 1 day, if
weekly maxi
mum is not ex
ceeded and dou
ble time is paid
for hours over 9
a day.®

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

12 hours a day permit
ted on the 5 days pre
ceding Christmas.
Employees in cities of
less than 3,000 popu
lation are exempt
from 54-hour weekly
limitation, provided
10 hours are not ex
ceeded in hny one
day.
In seasonal employ
ment, 54 hours may
be worked in any 8
weeks of the calendar
year.1
In cases of emergency
affecting the opera
tion of common car
riers, public utility
companies, and other
industries which af
fect the health and
well-being of State
citizens, provisions of
the hour law may be
suspended for the du
ration of such emer
gency.
ALSO SPECIAL NA
TIONAL EMER
GENCY PROVI
SION.
In cases of extraordi
nary emergencies,
such as great calam
ities, or when neces
sary for the protection
of human life or prop
erty, longer hours
may be worked, but
for such hours double
time must be paid to
female employees who
work more than 40
hours a week.
ALSO
SPECIAL
NATIONAL
EMERGENCY
PROVISION.

STATE HOUR LAWS
State

TEXAS—Con.
Civil Stat.—Con.

UTAH:
Code Annotated,
1953, with 1959
supp., vol. 4,
sec. 34-4-3; and
Industrial
Commission
Welfare Regu
lations for any
occupation,
trade or indus
try, effective
Sept. 14, 1937,
as amended
April 20,1948;
and Adminis
trative Regu
lations for the
issuance of
emergency
work permits,
approved May
12,1939.

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

Weekly

perishable or seasonal
fresh fruits or vegetables;
bank employees. (SEE
permitted variations for
bank employees.)
Females, 18 and over__
Any industry, trade,
or occupation. Excep
tions: Domestic service
and executive positions.

8 (in 12
consec
utive
hours).*

48..

Industrial Com
mission Mini
mum-Wage
Order, No. 1,
Sept. 1, 1960.3

Women and minors un
der 18.2
Retail Trade Occupa
tions.
(SEE Appendix I.)

8 (in 12).

48..

Ibid., No. 2, Oct.
1, 1960.3

Women and minors
under 18.®
Restaurant Occupation.
(SEE Appendix I.)

4 8 (7^ in
12, on
split
shift 0.

48..

Ibid., No. 4, Sept.
1, 1960.8

Women and minors
under 18.®
Laundry and Cleaning,
Dyeing and Pressing In
dustries.
(SEE Appendix I.)

Ibid., No. 3, Sept.
1, 1960.3

Women and minors
under 18.®
Public Housekeeping
Industry.
(SEE Appendix I.)

See footnotes at end of table.

Days per
week

Permitted
variations

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

Hour provisions are not By regulation: Yi By regulation: 10 .
minutes in each
hour for adult
applicable to packing
4 hours or fracor canning of perish
women; em
tion thereof,
able fruits or vege
ployment prohiblted for
period to be
tables or to manufac
made available
turing of containers
more than 5
to employee
hours without
for such industry,
after no more
during the packing
rest and food.
than 2^ con
season or to picking,
secutive hours
cleaning, processing,
of work.
or packing of fowls.
If life or property is in
imminent
danger,
overtime permitted.
In emergencies or peak
periods in the busi
ness of an employer,
Industrial Commis
sion may permit
longer hours.
By regulation: For
overtime in emer
gency or peak period,
emergency-work per
mits must be ob
tained from Indus
trial
Commission;
employment for more
than 4 extra hours on
3 days in a calendar
week prohibited.
Between 12 mid Between 10 p.m.
10-minute paid
30 minutes, 5
and 6 a.m. no
period in each
night and 6
hours after starting work, not
4 hours or
a.in., no em
woman may
be required to
fraction thereof,
ployee shall
to be deducted
report for work
be required to
for employees
from hours
or be dismissed
required to
take interval
worked, if eraunless the fol
work more than
separating
ployee is not relowing are
consecutive
work
periods.
lieved of all
made available:
hours.
duties and per
(1) suitable
mitted to leave
transportation
premises. Max
at no extra
imum period of
cost; (2) suit
1 hour may be
able facilities
allowed.
for securing or
making hot
food and drink.
After midnight, For females re
no female
porting for work
period,* 5 hours
or whose shift
shall be re
after starting
terminates be
quired to
work. Maxi
work split
tween midnight
mum period of
and 6 a.m., see
shift.
1 hour may be
Regulated (1)
allowed.
and (2) under
Order No. 1.
Do.
Unless special permis See Meal Period ___ do..................... See prohibited
under
Order
under Order
sion is secured from
No. 1.
No. 1.
Industrial Commis
sion, women may not
be required to work
for a period exceeding
maximum hours.
In emergency, female
over 21 may be re
quired to work on 7th
consecutive day or
over 8 hours in one
day, if employer has
obtained permission
for such work from In
dustrial Commission.
677981—-61------ 6

-do..

Do.

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

VERMONT:
Stat. Annotated
(1959 Revision),
with 1959 supp.,
vol. 7, title 21,
secs. 6, 440, 441,
443, 452.

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Women and minors, 16
to 18.
Labor in mine
quarry, manufacturing
or mechanical establish
ment. Exceptions: Telehone exchange where
ours of actual labor of
operator do not exceed
the hours herein pro
vided, or where operator
during the night is not
required to operate at
the switchboard contin
uously but is able to
sleep the major part of
the night.1

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

Weekly

Days per
week

50_.

Employment over
the maximum is
not a violation,
if such employ
ment makes up
time lost (more
than 30 minutes)
on a previous
day of the same
week, due to
stoppage of ma
chinery upon
which a woman
or minor is em
ployed or de
pendent for
employment.

VIRGINIA:
Code 1950 (1953
Replacement
vol.), with 1960
supp., vol. 6,
secs. 40-34, 40
35, 40-39; and
chs. 232 and 321
(L. 1960).

Females, 18 and over.... 9 (in 14S).. 48.
Factory, workshop,2
laundry,
restaurant,
mercantile, or manu
facturing establishment.
Exceptions: Bookkeep
ers, stenographers, office
assistants or cashiers,
buyers, managers, or
assistant managers, of
fice executives; mercan
tile establishments in
towns of less than 2,000
inhabitants or in coun
try districts.

See footnotes at end of table.

Permitted
variations

(*)

Manufacturing
establishments,
with a rotatingshift schedule,
operating con
tinuously 24
hours each day,
may employ
females 8 hours
a day on 7 con
secutive days;
such 7 consecu
tive days to
occur not oftener
than once in 14
consecutive
days.

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Night work
Overtime

In cases of emergency
or where seasonal or
peak demand places
unusual and tempo
rary burden on a
manufacturing
or
mechanical establish
ment, 10 hours a day,
60 hours a week, may
be worked, if Com
missioner of Indus
trial Relations is noti
fied and grants per
mission in advance
for such overtime, the
period of which may
not exceed 10 weeks
in any 1 year.
In a manufacturing
establishment or busi
ness, the materials
and products of which
are perishable and
require
immediate
labor to prevent
decay or damage, any
provision of the stat
ute regulating em
ployment of women
and minors may
be suspended for a
period not to exceed
2 months in year, by
Commissioner of In
dustrial
Relations
with approval of the
Governor.
In cases of extraordi
nary emergency or
extraordinary public
requirements,
em
ployer engaged in
public service8 may
be exempted.
SPECIAL
ALSO
PROVISIONS IN
CASE OF WAR.
During fruit and vege- .
table seasons, hour
provisions do not ap
ply to factories en
gaged exclusively in
canning, processing,
or packing of fruits
or vegetables.
10 hours a day may be
worked for a period
of 90 days annuaUyin
the (1) handling or^
redrying of leaf tobac
co during the tobacco
market seasons, (2)
shelling and/or clean
ing of peanuts, (3)
shucking and pack
ing of oysters, (4)
dressing and process
ing of poultry.
In florist shops and
greenhouses women
may be employed 10
hours a day on the 3
days preceding and
on Valentine’s Day,
Christmas Day,
Easter Sunday, and
Mother’s Day.

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

Weekly

VIRGINIA—Con.
Code 1950—Con.

WASHINGTON:
Revised Code
Annotated
(1951), with
1953 and 1955
supp., vol. 7,
title 49, secs.
49.28.070,
49.28.080.
Ibid., sec. 49.
28.080.
Industrial Wel
fare Commit
tee MinimumWage Order,
No. 43, Apr. 1,
1949, as
amended by
ch. 294 (L.
1959), effective
June 11, 1959.
Ibid., No. 44,
June 6, 1949, as
amended by ch.
294 (L. 1959),
effective June
11, 1959.

Ibid., No. 45, and
45A, Nov. 28,
1949, as
amended by
ch. 294, (L.
1959), effective
June 11, 1959.

Females, 18 and over___ 8.
Mechanical or mer
cantile establishment,
laundry, hotel, or res
taurant.
Exceptions:
Harvesting,
packing,
curing, canning, or dry
ing of perishable fruits
or vegetables; canning
fish or shellfish.
Males and females...
Household or domes
tic employees.
Women and minors un
(3)
der 18.
Office Workers.
(SEE Appendix I.)

Women and minors un
der 18.
Mercantile Industry,
Wholesale and Retail.
(SEE Appendix I.)

Women and minors un
der 18.
Theatrical, Amuse
ment and Recreation In
dustry; and General
Amusement and Recrea
tion Industry.
(SEE Appendix I.)

K3)

See footnotes at end of table.

*60..

Days per
week

Permitted
variations

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Night work
Overtime

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

In developing and
printing of amateur
photographic film,
women may be em
ployed 10 hours a
day for 3 working
days following Dec.
25, Jan. 1, Easter
Sunday, July 4th and
Labor Day.
In hospitals, hour pro
visions do not apply,
in an emergency situ
ation when strict
compliance might
reasonably be calcu
lated to jeopardize
lives or health of
persons relying on
such hospitals for
care or treatment.
ALSO SPECIAL
WARTIME PRO
VISIONS.
0)
SPECIAL PRO
VISIONS FOR
PERIOD OF NA
TIONAL EMER
GENCY.

In cases of emergency,
employment may be
for “a longer period."

30-minutes in each
and every 8hour shift.

10 minutes in
every 4-hour
work period.

30-minutes in each
regularly sched
uled full-time
shift.

10-minute paid
period in each
4-hours' consec
utive work; or,
when morning
shift is less than
4 hours and
afternoon shift
is 4 hours, one
15-minute paid
period in after
noon shift.
10-minute paid
period in each
4-hour work
period, insofar
as practicable in
middle of each
work period.

30-minutes in each
regularly sched
uled full-time
shift; prohibits
work for more
than 5 consec
utive hours
without a meal
period.
"On-duty" meal
period to be
counted as
hours worked.

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

Employee coverage; occupation or industry
coverage

WASHINGTON—
Continued
Industrial WeiWomen and minors unfare Committee
der 18.
Minimum-Wage
Public Housekeeping
Order No. 46,
Industry.
Jan. 23, 1950,
(SEE Appendix I.)
as amended by
ch. 294 (L.
1959), effective
June 11, 1959.

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

Ibid., No. 48,
June 5,1950, as
amended by
ch. 294 (L.
1959), effective
June 11, 1959.

Women and minors under 18.
Laundry, Dry Clean
ing and Dye Works In
dustry,
(SEE Appendix I.)

Ibid., No. 49,
July 10, 1950,
as amended by
ch. 294 (L.
1959), effective
June 11, 1959.
Ibid., No. 50,
July 17, 1950,
as amended by
ch. 294 (L.
1959), effective
June 11, 1959.

Minors under 18
(SEE Appendix I.)

‘8..............

Women and minors under 18.
Manufacturing and
General Working Con
ditions.
(SEE Appendix I.)

(s)

Women and minors under 18.
Food Processing Indus
try.
(SEE Appendix I.)

(3)

Ibid., No. 52,
Women......... ..................
Apr. 16,1951,
Fresh Fruit and Vege
as amended by table Packing Industry.
eh. 294 (L.
(SEE Appendix I.)
1959), effective
June 11, 1959.
See footnotes at end of table.

(')

Permitted
variations

Women licensed by the
State to practice
beauty culture.
Beauty Culture Indus
try.
(SEE Appendix I.)

Days per
week

(>)

Ibid., No. 47,
Feb. 13,1950.
as amended Dy
ch. 294 (L.
1959), effective
June 11, 1959.

Ibid., No. 51,
Mar. 12, 1951,
as amended by
ch. 294 (L.
1959), effective
June 11, 1959.

Weekly

6..............

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Night work
Overtime

Meal period

30 minutes in
each regularly
scheduled full
time shift; pro
hibits work for
more than 5
consecutive
hours without
a lunch period.
Provision not
applicable to
nurses’ aides on
a shift from 11
p.m. to 7 a.m.
Yi hour, and on
request, a maxi
mum of 1 hour,
in every regular
full-time shift.

Rest period

10-minute paid
period for each
4 hours’ work
ing time, or
major fraction
thereof, and in
sofar as practi
cable in middle
of work period
and not in
rush periods.

30 minutes in
10-minute paid
each regularly
period in each
scheduled full
4-hour work
time shift; pro
period.
hibits work for
more than 5
consecutive
hours without a
meal period.
30 minutes; pro
___ do__________
hibits work for
more than 5
hours without
a meal period.
30 minutes in
each regularly
scheduled full
time shift; pro
hibits work for
more than 5
consecutive
hours without
a lunch period.
Shorter lunch
period may be
authorized by
supervisor of
women and
minors in in
dustry, if appli
cation is made
and good cause
shown.
30 minutes; pro
hibits work for
more than 5
consecutive
hours without
a lunch period.
Shorter lunch
period may be
authorized by
supervisor of
women and
minors in in
dustry, if ap
plication is
made and good
cause shown.
....... do.................. .

Prohibited

Regulated

After 12 mid
night for
women eleva
tor operators.

(»)

10-minute relief
period in every
continuous half
shift, as nearly
as practicable
in middle
thereof.
Relief period to
be by general
relief or by re
lief personnel,
at option of
employer.

15-minute paid
period,
arranged for by
individual re
lief or general
period, in each
4- or 5-hour
shift, as nearly
as practicable
in middle of
each shift.

do.

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

WASHINGTON—
Continued
Industrial Wel
Women and minors un
fare Committee
der 18.4
Minimum-Wage
Telephone and Tele
Order No. 53,
graph Industry.
May 1, 1951, as
(SEE Appendix I.)
amended by ch.
294 (L. 1959),
effective June 11,
1959.

WEST VIRGINIA:
Department of
Labor Regula
tions for the
Protection and
Preservation of
Life, Health, and
Safety of Women
in Industry
(1943).

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

Weekly

C8)

Females_______
Any industry.

WISCONSIN:
Stat. Annotated
(West’s, 1957),
with 1959 supp.,
vol. 17, secs.
103.01, 103.02;
and
Administrative
Code. Rules
of Industrial
Commission,
sec. Ind 74.

Females, 18 and over.1—- 9 (in 15*).
Any trade, occupa
(SEE
tion, or process of Nightmanufacture, or any work.)
method of carrying on
such trade or occupa
tion, or any place of em
ployment.3
See also Hotels and
Telephone Operators.
Exceptions: (By Ad
ministrative Code) from
hour restrictions of
sections 103.01 and 103.02
Wis. Stats, and Orders
of Industrial Commis
sion: Women, 21 years
or over who are execu
tives, professional wom
en,4 registered pharma
cists, doctors, dentists,
or registered nurses;
office employees of fac
tories, laundries, and
mercantile establishSee footnotes at end of table.

Days per
week

60.

Permitted
variations

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Night work
Overtime

Meal period

Rest period

30 minutes in each 10-minute paid pe
riod in each con
8-hour shift; pro
tinuous 4-hour
hibits work, by
period of em
employee on 8ployment.
hour shift, for
Paid waiting time
more than 5
considered as sat
hours without a
isfying the restmeal period. Ex
period require
ception: Em
ment.
ployee may waive
lunch period with SEE “On-duty”
meal and rest
employer’s con
period under
sent on Satur
meal period.
day, Sunday,
holiday, and
night duty, i.e.,
when major time
is between 6 p.m.
and 7 a.m.
“On-duty” meal
and rest periods,
counted as time
worked, permit
ted where only
one employee on
duty or nature
of work prevents
relief from all
duties.
Yi hour must be
allowed as a
lunch period.

10 hours a day, 55 hours Less than 1 hour
during each day
a week, may be
or night for
worked during emer
dinner or other
gency periods, not to
meals.
exceed 4 weeks in
year, if lYi times (By Administra
tive Code.)
regular rate is paid
At least 30 min
for excess time.
utes close to
Industrial Commission
usual meal
is authorized to issue
period time or
general or special
at such other
orders fixing such pe
time deemed
riod or periods of time
reasonable by
(day, night, or week)
Commission.
during which work
may be done, as shall Prohibits employ
ment of women
be necessary to pro
for more than 6
tect the life, health,
hours without a
safety, or welfare of
meal period.
women workers.
Until such orders
have been issued by
the Commission, the
hours specified in the
statute prevail.

Prohibited

Regulated

(<0

<*)

Employment be
(By Adminis
tween 8 p.m. and
trative Code.)
6 a.m. more than
In factories
1 night a week
and laundries
may not exceed
on shifts start
8 hours a night.
ing or stop
48 hours a week.
ping between
(By Administra
1 a.m. and 6
tive Code.)
a.m.; be
Maximum hours:
tween 12 mid
8
a day, 48 a
night and 1
week.
a.m., when
adequate pub (SEE also Hotels
and Telephone
lic or private
Operators.)
transporta
Night shift means
tion is not
work between 6
available.
p.m. and 6 a.m.
in factories and
laundries; 6:30
p.m. and 6 a.m.,
except for 1 night
a week, in mer
cantile or me
chanical estab-

STATE HOUR LAWS

WISCONSIN—
Continued
Stat. Annotated
and Administra
tive Code—
Continued

Daily

Weekly

ments, if office is sepa
rate from such estab
lishment and work
does not require office
workers to enter fac
tory, laundry or mer
cantile establishment.

Hotels«.
fBy Administrative
Code):
Telephone operators
in exchanges hav
ing:
1,500 telephones and
over.
600 to 1,499 tele
phones.
400 to 599 telephones.
200 to 399 telephones.
Under 200 tele
phones.

Administrative
Code. Rules
of Industrial
Commission,
sec. Ind 73.

Maximum-hour provisions

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or industry
coverage

State

Women and minors, 16
and 17.7
Canning or First Proc
essing Fresh Fruits or
Vegetables, during sea
son of actual canning of
product. Exceptions:
Factories engaged in de
hydrating fruits and
vegetables, which are
covered by general fac
tory regulations.

See footnotes at end of taole.

10.

55.

50.

10.

10.
10.
10.

54
54
60

6 9............ . 8 54.

Days >er
wee!

Permitted
variations

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

lishments, con
fectionery stores,
telegraph offices,
telephone offices
and exchanges,
express and
transportation
establishments;
8 p.m. to 6 a.m.,
except for 1 night
a week, in res
taurants and
beauty parlors.

(By Administrative
Code.) Hours in ex
cess of day or night
work maximums may
be worked not more
than 4 weeks in year,
in emergency or peak
periods, provided: In
dustrial Commission
is notified of such
overtime within 24
hours, and time and
one-half the regular
rate is paid for the
excess hours.

Employment
between 9 p.m.
and 6 a.m., may
not exceed 9
hours a night, 54
hours a week.

(5)

30 minutes free for
each meal.

(By Administra
tive Code):
Night shift in
exchanges with
1,500 or more
telephones is
work between
6:30 p.m. and 6
a.m. on more
than 1 night a
week; maxi
mum hours, 8
a night, 48 a
week; in ex
changes with
less than 1,500
telephones is
work between
10 p.m. and 6
а.m. and,
according to
the number of
telephones, is
counted as 8,
б, 5, and 4
hours, respec
tively.

In emergencies occa 30 minutes at
usual time for
sioned by break
downs, climatic condi
meals, viz, at or
tions or unusual peak
about 12 noon,
loads, women and
6 p.m. and mid
minors, 16 years and
night.
over, may work 11 Stretch of work
hours a day, 60 hours
between meal
a week, for not more
periods may not
exceed 6 hours.
than 12 days, in can
neries which have
complied with safety
and sanitation orders
of the Industrial
Commission. Time
and one half the
regular rate must be
paid for hours over 9
a day, 54 a week.

STATE HOUR LAWS

State

WISCONSIN—
Continued
Stat. Annotated
(West’s, 1957),
with 1959 supp.,
vol. 17, sec.
103.85; and Ad
ministrative
Code. Rules
of Industrial
Commission
sec. Ind 75.

Stat. Annotated
(West’s, 1957),
with 1959 supp.,
vol. 17, sec.
103.69.
WYOMING:
Stat. 1957, with
1959 supp., vol.
7, secs. 27-218,
27-220.

Employee coverage; oc
cupation or Industry
coverage

Maximum-hour provisions
Daily

Men and women______
Factory or mercantile
establishment. Excep
tions: Janitors, watch
men; manufacture of
butter, cheese, or other
dairy products; distri
bution of milk or cream;
canneries, bakeries, flour
and feed mills; hotels
and restaurants; em
ployees whose duties
require no work on Sun
day other than caring
for live animals or main
taining fires; any labor
called for by an emer
gency that could not
reasonably have been
anticipated; and (By
Administrative Code)
specified male employ
ees in paper and pulp
mills, viz. superintend
ents and department
heads whose work is su
pervisory and not man
ual; millwrights, elec
tricians, pipefitters and
other employees whose
duties include not more
than 5 hours of essential
work on Sunday, mak
ing necessary repairs to
boilers, piping, wiring
or machinery.
Minors under 21 .............
Messengers for tele
graph or messenger com
pany in the distribu
tion, transmission, or
delivery of messages or
goods, in cities of 1st,
2d, and 3d class.
Females, 16 years and
over.
Manufacturing, me
chanical, or mercantile
establishment, laundry,
hotel, public lodginghouse, apartment house,
place of amusement, or
restaurant.*

See footnotes on next page.

Weekly

Days per
week

24 consec
utive
hours of
rest in
every 7
consec
utive
days. 8

*8 (in 12)..

Permitted
variations

FOR WOMEN—Continued
Nightwork
Overtime

Meal period

Rest period

Prohibited

Regulated

Work on 7th day per
mitted in case of
breakdown of ma
chinery or equipment,
or other emergency
requiring immediate
services of experi
enced and competent
labor to prevent seri
ous injury to person,
damage to property,
or suspension of
necessary operations
when such labor is
not otherwise im
mediately available.
Industrial Commission
may by general or
special order make
reasonable exceptions
or modifications to
the law if it deter
mines that the carry
ing out of the stat
ute’s provisions
causes practical diffi
culties or unnecessary
hardships, and that
“life, health, safety,
and welfare of em
ployees shall not be
sacrificed or endan
gered thereby.”

8 p.m. to 6 a.m.®

Over 8 hours a day in
a 12-hour period may
be worked, provided
time and one-half is
paid for each and
every hour of over
time in any 1 day
for each day during
which such overtime
is worked.1
In an emergency, fe
males may be em
ployed overtime if
time and a half is
paid for hours over
8 a day. An Execu
tive order or procla
mation of the Presi
dent of the United
States declaring an
emergency is to be
construed as an emer
gency within the pur
view of this act.*

2 rest periods of
not less than 15
minutes each, 1
before and 1
after the lunch
hour,8 for fe
males who are
required to be
on their feet
continuously.

FOOTNOTES
ALABAMA:
1 The penal code imposes a fine on any person who “compels his child, apprentice or servant to perform
any labor on Sunday," with exceptions. (Code 1940, with 1955 supp., vol. 4, title 14, ch. 16, sec. 420.)
ALASKA:
i Alaska has no maximum hours law. The “Alaska Wage and Hour Act" H.B. 101, L. 1959, effective
May 4, 1959, requires employer in commerce, other business, or production of goods or materials to pay
employees, male and female, not acting in a supervisory capacity, one and one-half times the employee’s
regular rate for hours over 8 a day, 40 a week, with specified exceptions.
ARKANSAS:
1 Labor Commissioner may grant exemptions to meal period provisions on such terms and conditions
as he, in his discretion, may prescribe.
2 Females employed in executive or managerial capacity defined as persons who exercise real supervision
and managerial authority entirely different from that of regular salaried employees, and who receive at
least $35 a week exclusive of commissions and bonuses.
CALIFORNIA:
1 Applicable to employment by one or more employers in enumerated occupations and industries.
:Hours of work permitted per day shall be consecutive, except on Sundays, holidays and time for meals;
provision does not apply to hospitals employing only one person to compound physicians’ prescriptions. ’
2 Not more than 12 days may be worked in any 2 consecutive weeks. The employer shall apportion the
periods of rest to be taken by an employee so that the employee will have the complete day of rest during
each week.
4 Women pharmacists may work the same hours as men because their hours of work are governed by
the laws regulating hours of work of pharmacies. (Op. Atty. Gen., June 22, 1956.)
5 Employer may declare an unpaid recess of one-half hour or more, provided (a) employee is notified of
time to report back, and is permitted to leave the premises, and (b) there are not more than 2 such periods
within one shift and total duration does not exceed 3 hours.
COLORADO:
1 Beauty shops come within the term mercantile establishment, (Op. Atty. Gen., Apr. 13, 1939); section
does not apply to women in cleaning and dyeing establishments, (Op. Atty. Gen., Oct. 20, 1939); women
employed in drug stores who do not sell drugs and medicines at retail, or compound physicians' prescrip
tions, are subject to this section. (Op. Atty. Gen., Feb. 27, 1939.)
2 Periods of rest to be taken by the employee must be so apportioned that the employee is entitled to
2 half-days or 1 complete day of rest during each week; 108 hours to be worked on not more than 13 days
in 2 consecutive weeks.
3 Law applies only to those who actually sell drugs and medicines at retail or who compound physiciansprescriptions. Any other women in drug stores are subject to sec. 80-7-13. (Op. Atty. Gen., Feb. 27,
CONNECTICUT:
1 Nightwork provisions are applicable to females employed in any manufacturing, mechanical or mer
cantile establishment, or in any public laundry, public restaurant, cafe, dining room, barbershop, hair
dressing or manicuring establishment, or photograph gallery. Provisions inapplicable to physicians,
surgeons, nurses, pharmacists, attorneys at law, and teachers, or to women engaged in social work, or to
display workers whose chief or sole duty is the arranging and displaying of merchandise for advertising
purposes in accordance with designs created by themselves, and who receive at least $150 a month.
2 In lieu of adequate public transportation, transportation shall be available to the worker, either by use
of a personally owned automobile or through facilities satisfactory to the Commissioner of Labor, providing
for transportation by the employer or by means of an approved car-pool arrangement.
3 The provisions of the law regulating hours of women employees apply to employment of women
prescription pharmacists. (Op. Atty. Gen., Mar. 18, 1937.)
4 Public laundry regarded as a manufacturing establishment. (General Statutes (Revision 1958), vol. 6,
sec. 31-43.)
* No person shall require or permit any employee engaged in any commercial occupation or in the work
of any industrial process to do any work of his occupation on Sunday unless such employee shall be relieved
from work for 1 full regular working day during the following 6 days.
DELAWARE:
1 When employed by more than one concern or employer in covered establishments or occupations, the
total time of employment shall not exceed that allowed per day or week in a single establishment or
occupation. (Code Annotated (1953), with 1958 supp., vol. 10, title 19. sec. 303.)
FLORIDA:
1 Whoever employs his apprentice or servant in labor or other business on Sunday, unless it be in the
ordinary household business of daily necessity, or other work of necessity or charity, shall be fined not
more than $10 for each offense. (Statutes Annotated (1944), with 1959 supp., vol. 22, title 44, sec. 855.03.)
HAW An:
1 The Hawaii wage and hour law, applicable to employees in private employment, with exceptions,
places no limit on hours of employment, but requires payment of 1H times a worker’s regular rate for hours
over 40 a week, except for specified agricultural employees who are permitted, during 20 weeks of the year,
to work up to 48 hours a week at the regular rate, with payment of l\h times such employee’s regular rate
for hours over 48 a week. Prohibits split shifts unless all shifts fall within 14 hours, except in case of
extraordinary emergency. (Revised Laws of Hawaii, 1955, vol. 1, sec. 94.4.)
IDAHO:
1 Railroads in interstate commerce and telegraphers and printer operators for railroads in interstate
commerce not restricted by State hour regulation. (Ops. Atty. Gen., Mar. 22, and Oct. 7,1941.)
ILLINOIS:
1 By interpretations of the Attorney General, the scope of the 8-hour law may be summarized as followsNewspaper publishers are not subject to the act (Aug. 26, 1937). Included under coverage are females
employed in any office of enumerated industries and at the county poor farm (Aug. 26, 1937); in dyeing
and cleaning establishments and as accountants in mercantile establishments (Jan. 5, 1940); in charitable
institutions (Nov. 18, 1942); and in commercial hatcheries (Apr. 29, 1943). Excluded from coverage are
females employed in insurance companies, real estate agencies, finance companies, fraternity houses and
radio stations (Jan. 5, 1940); in “Currency exchanges" (June 19, 1947); and in banks (Aug. 30,1949).

ILLIN OIS—Continued
J Factory includes a mill, workshop or other manufacturing establishment, and all buildings, sheds
structures or other places used for, or in connection therewith, where one or more persons are employed at
manufacturing, including making, altering, repairing, finishing, refining, bottling, canning, cleaning or
laundering any article or thing.
* Opinions of the Attorney General re the scope of the 6-day-week law indicate that the following employees
are not included in the coverage: Employees of undertaking establishments, radio stations, fraternity houses,
charitable institutions (Jan. 8, 1940); workers employed by cemetery associations (Dec. 7, 1946).
KANSAS:
1 Orders have been promulgated by the Kansas Labor Department, pursuant to the authority vested in
it by the State legislature, to “establish such standards of wages, hours, and conditions of labor for women
. . . and minors . . . as shall be held hereunder to be reasonable and not detrimental to health and welfare.”
(General Statutes Annotated 1949, with 1955 supp. (Corrick’s) secs. 44-601,44-601a). The Labor Depart
ment of Kansas reports that under this same authority permits are issued granting permission to employ
women in war production in excess of the hours established by Industrial Welfare Order No. 2.
2 Employment between 12 midnight and 5 a.m. prohibited for females under 18 years.
3 Eight hours a day and 6 days a week constitute a basic workweek for all women and minor telephone
operators.
KENTUCKY:
1 No day-of-rest provision. By statute, every employer who requires or permits any employee to work
7 days in any 1 workweek shall pay such employee at the rate of time and one half for the time worked on
the 7th day, except employee not permitted to work more than 40 hours during the workweek. Exempt
from overtime provisions are: Supervisors, telephone exchanges with less than 500 subscribers, stenog
raphers, bookkeepers, technical assistants of licensed professionals, employees subject to Federal Railway
Labor Act; seamen, persons icing railroad cars, common carriers under Division of Motor Transportation;
employees and employers subject to F.S.A.A., F.R.M.A., I.C.C., Ky. P.S.C.; hospitals and charitable
institutions; employees of the State, United States or any political subdivision; farming; work performed in
homes, residences, restaurants, hotels, and apartment houses, such as cleaning, waiting on tables, etc.;
and general house, restaurant or hotel work. (Revised Statutes (1958), secs. 337.010 and 337.050.) Another
statute prohibits Sunday employment, with exceptions. (Sec. 436.160 (1-3).)
LOUISIANA:
J Where female employee works 6 days for one employer and works for another employer at another job
on the 7th day of the week, thereby working 7 consecutive days, neither employer is guilty of any violation.
(Op. Atty. Gen., Apr. 18, 1955.)
2 By interpretation, beauty shops are covered by law as mechanical establishments (Op. Atty. Gen.,
May 12,1943), and radio stations as telegraph establishments (Op. Atty. Gen., June 11, 1945). Exempted
by interpretation are registered nurses in manufacturing establishments (Op. Atty. Gen., Oct. 17, 1945),
employees of boardinghouses (Op. Atty. Gen., Sept. 28, 1945), and females employed entirely in clerical
work or growing of plants in florist shops, also inapplicable in communities of less than 6,000 (Op. Atty
Gen., Sept. 18, 1944).
* By interpretation, section 311 is applicable to females employed in barrooms
Op. Atty. Gen., Sept. 29
1953.)
MAINE:
i Statute prohibits females from knowingly being employed or accepting employment for more than
maximum hours in one or more establishments.
MARYLAND:
i An act of 1888 (amended in 1943) limits to 10 hours the workday of employees in the service or under the
control of corporations or manufacturing companies engaged in manufacturing cotton or woolen yarns,
fabrics, or domestics of any kind. Certain exemptions applicable to males over 21 years of age are in the
act. (Annotated Code 1957, with 1959 supp., vol. 8, Art. 100, secs. 1-3.)
* Statute prohibits any person “having servants or children” to “command or suffer any of them to do
any manner of work or labor on Sunday,” with exceptions. (Annotated Code 1957, with 1959 supp., vol. 3,
Art. 27, sec. 492.)
* By interpretation statute does not apply to office work in the establishments covered by the law. (Op.
Atty. Gen., Oct. 23, 1941.)
MASSACHUSETTS:
1 Exceptions to 10-hour overall spread: (1) Transportation or telephone companies, hotels, private clubs
and places of amusement where the employment is determined by the department to be seasonal, and to
hotels where meals are served during 3 separate periods totaling not more than 7 hours in 1 day and the
employment is connected with serving of meals; (2) in mercantile establishments, spread of 11^ consecutive
hours permitted during a total of not more than 7 days in any calendar year, of which 6 shall be weekdays
within 4 weeks immediately preceding Christmas, and the 7th, the Saturday immediately preceding
Easter; (3) in any place of employment where the principal source of income of certain employees is in tips
or gratuities, upon written petition of not less than 60 percent of such employees, the Commissioner may
allow a spread of 12 hours; (4) hospitals if Commissioner finds an emergency exists requiring such action.
2 The current expiration date is July 1, 1961; this regulation has, for a number of years, been extended
annually by the legislature.
3 In addition, employment on Sunday in a number of occupations is prohibited, with specified exceptions
and variations.
MICHIGAN:
1 Commissioner of Labor recommends: “There be rest periods of 15 minutes duration morning and after
noon or like employment periods, such as swing shifts. ’
2 By interpretation, includes beauty shops. (Op. Atty. Gen., Apr. 7,1931.)
3 By interpretation, includes telephone office. (Op. Atty. Gen., Mar. 19,1914.)
* The extension of hours (during the canning season) is granted only when the employer has exhausted all
sources of additional employees.
MINNESOTA:
1 Statute provides that “all trades, manufactures and mechanical employments” are prohibited on Sun
day, with exceptions. (Statutes Annotated (1945) with 1959 supp., vol. 40, sec. 614.29.)
2 Applicable in sanatoriums to chambermaids, janitresses, kitchen workers, elevator operators and
telephone operators, but not to nurses or other employees. (Op. Atty. Gen., June 11,1941.)

MISSISSIPPI:
1 The factory inspector recommends that all places of business operating 7 instead of 6 days per week and
employing females, should give all female employees 1 day off in every 7 days, or reduce the daily working
period on 7-day week employment to 814 hours a day in order to stay within the legally prescribed 60-hour
week schedule.
2 Under the criminal laws, it is unlawful for any person “to employ another person to work on Sunday,”
with specified exceptions. (Code Annotated 1942, with 1958 supp., Recompiled, vol. 2A, sec. 2868.)
2 Employment of persons over 16 limited to 10 hours a day in any mill, cannery (except fruit or vegetable),
workshop, factory, or manufacturing establishment, except that on first 5 days of week an additional Yi hour
a day may be worked, such additional time to be deducted from the last day of the week; and except that
persons employed at night only, may work 11H hours on first 5 nights of week and 3% hours on Saturday
night, but 60 hours shall constitute a full week’s work for such employees. (Code Annotated 1942, with
1958 supp., Recompiled, vol. 5A, secs. 6986 and 6992.)
MISSOURI:
1 Under the penal law, it is a misdemeanor for anyone to “compel or permit an apprentice, servant or any
other person under his charge or control, to labor or perform any work” on Sunday, with specified excep
tions. (Annotated Stat. (Vernon’s 1949) with 1959 supp., vol. 41, sec. 563.690.)
MONTANA:
* Montana State constitution (Art. XVIII, sec. 4, as amended by referendum effective Dec. 2, 1936),
provides that “a period of 8 hours shall constitute a day’s work in all industries, occupations, undertakings,
and employments, except farming and stock raising; Provided, however, That the legislative assembly
may by law reduce . . . but shall have no authority to increase the number of hours constituting a day’s
work beyond that herein provided.”
In addition to the statutory provisions shown, various other provisions also require that 8 hours shall con
stitute a day’s work for persons (men and women) employed in specified industries and occupations, includ
ing public amusements; mines, mills, and smelters; railway employees; sugar refineries; and others. Some
provide also that 48 hours shall constitute a week’s work.
2 By law, every Sunday is considered a legal holiday in the State of Montana. (Montana Revised Codes
1947, Replacement vol. 2 with 1959 supp., Sec. 19-107.)
NEBRASKA:
1 Office does not include a bank. (Op. Atty. Gen., Jan. 22, 1943.)
2 The legislature has classified cities with more than 5,000 but not more than 40,000 population as first
class; with more than 40,000 but less than 150,000 population, as primary; and with 150,000 population or
more, as metropolitan. (Revised Statutes 1943, with Cumulative supp., secs. 16-101, 15-101 and 14-101.)
3 Hour law applicable to all females, including supervisors employed in establishments mentioned in the
statute; limitation cannot be escaped by having female supervisors complete their work at home. (Op.
Atty. Gen., Dec. 11, 1957.)
* The “lunch hour” statute does not apply to a retail store, since such a place is not an assembling plant,
workshop, or mechanical establishment. (Op. Atty. Gen., Dec. 11, 1957.)
NEVADA:
1 Seven-day week is prohibited by statute even though total hours do not exceed 48. (Op. Atty. Gen.,
Mar. 30, 1955.)
2 Meal and rest periods must be included in the 8 hours of work per day to which women are limited.
(Op. Atty. Gen., May 11, 1947.)
NEW JERSEY:
» Day means any 24-hour period; it does not refer to a calendar day. (Op. Atty. Gen., Sept. 10, 1959.)
NEW MEXICO:
1 No day-of-rest provision; law provides that not more than 48 hours may be worked in any 1 week of 7
days. However, according to the following decision, “any hotel, restaurant or cafe which requires a female
employee to work more than 48 hours in any 1 week of 7 days, without a rest period of at least 1 day per week
(not 1 day per 2 weeks) is violating the law . . . and the intention of the legislature that every female
employee should get at least 1 day of rest each week.” (Op. Atty. Gen., Oct. 19, 1954.)
2 Dry cleaning establishments are mercantile establishments within the meaning of the law. (Op. Atty.
Gen., June 17, 1955.)
3 A woman employee working over 8 hours a day but not over 48 hours a week is not entitled to overtime
pay. However, she should not be permitted to work over 8 hours a day, except as provided by the emer
gency clause. (Op. Atty. Gen., July 21, 1952.) A cleaning establishment, being a mercantile estab
lishment, may work its women employees in excess of 8 hours per day in emergency cases, but for all excess
work over 48 hours in any 1 week of 7 days, will have to pay on a time and one-half basis. (Op. Atty. Gen.,
Oct. 19, 1954.)
* The scope of the exemptions has been interpreted to exempt from coverage all female employees in a
telephone or telegraph office where 5 or less are employed (Op. Atty. Gen., 3937); of hospitals and sanitari
ums, including clerks, cleaning women, etc., (Op. Atty. Gen., Mar. 17, 1953); female dental assistants whose
duties are not entirely clerical and stenographic (Op. Atty. Gen., Apr. 24,1953); and to exclude from coverage
State employees whose hours of labor may be fixed by the Governor, subject to approval of the State board
of finance (Op. Atty. Gen., Mar. 16,1953).
« Female taxicab drivers must be employed in accordance with laws pertaining to hours of employment of
females (Op. Atty. Gen., Sept. 25, 1952).
9 For women employed in transportation, ch. 180, Laws of 1921 (repealed by Women’s 8-Hour Law of
1933, as amended in 1939) is still in force. (Op. Atty. Gen., Oct. 4, 1933.)
NEW YORK:
* Where a female or male minor is employed in two or more factories or mercantile establishments in the
same day or week, the total time of employment shall not exceed that allowed per day or week in a single
factory or mercantile establishment. (Consolidated Laws Annotated (McKinney’s 1948) with 1959 supp.,
Book 30, sec. 174.)
2 Provisions inapplicable to women office workers 16 years of age and over, even if duties are partly per
formed in a manufacturing or mercantile establishment. (Op. Atty. Gen., Mar. 20, 1928.)
3 The term “Resort” applies to establishments which operate for not more than 4 calendar months and
15 days in each year. The term “Seasonal” applies to establishments in which the number of employees is
increased by at least 100 percent from the slack to the busiest season.
* Under 18 years, employment prohibited.
*Under 21 years, employment prohibited.
9 Statute reads that employers shall allow employees “at least 24 consecutive hours of rest in any calendar
week.”

+
*_

NORTH CAROLINA:
1 Employees of motion picture theaters, restaurants, dining rooms and public eating places permitted
overall spread of 14 consecutive hours.
2 For hours law applicable to establishments employing 9 or more persons in many of these industries, see
first entry in coverage column.
NORTH DAKOTA:
• Work in manufacturing, mechanical, mercantile, laundry, express or transportation company not
within emergency exemptions. (Op. Atty. Gen., Jan. 10, 1944.)
2 All existing State wage and hour laws applying to women workers shall apply to all manufacturing in
dustries and establishments.
3 Hospitals are not subject to regulations as public housekeeping establishments with respect to hours
of employment required of female kitchen workers, according to decision of the State Supreme Court.
{Panel v. Trinity Hospital Association (1942), 72 N.D. 262; 6N. YV. 2d 392.)
4 Women may not be employed more than 26 days a month.
OHIO:
1 Title 41, sec. 4109.22 of the Ohio Revised Code, as amended, Sept. 30,1955, regulates hours of employment
for females under 18 years of age.
2 If workday is not continuous, overall work period may not exceed 10 hours, except 12 hours in nonprofit
hospitals, hotels, and restaurants; 13 hours in communications companies.
3 A female may be employed in more than one place of employment, provided the aggregate number of
hours employed do not exceed 8 a day, 48 a week.
4 Ohio State Regulation of Hours of Employment of Females 18 and Over sets maximum workweek of 8
hours a day, 48 hours a week for retail store, office, laundry or dry cleaning; of 9 hours a day, 48 hours a
week for factory, restaurant, hotel, drive-in, bar, hospital, financial institution, and other types of work.
(Ohio Department of Industrial Relations: A Working Woman’s Guide, Feb. 1958.)
OKLAHOMA:
1 Not applicable to females employed in banks. Ex parte Carson, (1926), 33 Okla. Cr. 198, 243 P. 260.
OREGON:
1 More restrictive hours of employment of women and minors, provided for in Wage and Hour Com
mission’s orders, take precedence over longer hours permitted under statute. Letter ruling of Commissioner
of Bureau of Labor, Sept. 14, 1959. Maximum hour provisions which prevail under these orders are listed
in chronological order following statute citation in chart.
2 Order No. 4 specifies night work prohibited for minors.
3 Order provides that “Every woman and minor shall have at least 1J-3 days rest in seven.”
PENNSYLVANIA:
1 Applicable to work in one or more establishments.
2 By interpretation, manufacturing establishments include bakeshops. (Department of Labor and Indus
try, Mar. 25, 1925.)
3 From Department of Labor and Industry Regulations: Spread of hours limited to 2 hours more than the
maximum working hours permitted by law or regulation. (G-4). In cases of change of shift, schedule
must provide 12 hours between tours of duty. (G-9). In hotels and restaurants, the spread of hours may
not exceed 13 in a day, except that for front-office employees working split shifts, the daily spread shall be
determined by averaging over a 2-day period. (S-2). In transportation industry, employees must have
12 hours between tours of duty, 10 in emergencies. (S-4). In telephone industry, 10 hours may be worked
within 13 consecutive hours in 1 day. (S-5).
4 By interpretation, executives include industrial nurses earning at least $35 a week. (Department of
Labor and Industry, Aug. 4, 1941.)
PUERTO RICO:
1 Puerto Rico’s 1919 law regulating the work of women and children (Session laws: 1919, Act 73, as
amended 1930, Act 28, and 1947, Act 6), was amended in 1949, Act 364, eliminating the previous maximumhour limitations for women of 8 hours a day and 48 hours a week. The law as now amended provides
that women not subject to the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as amended, shall be paid twice
the salary agreed for regular hours of work in excess of 8 hours up to 12 hours a day, or in excess of 48 hours
up to 72 hours a week, and triple time for hours in excess of 12 hours a day or 72 hours a week; women
covered by the FFLSA shall be paid time and one-half salary agreed upon for work after 8 hours up to 12
hours a day, or in excess of 40 hours up to 60 hours a week, and triple time after 12 hours a day or 60 hours
a week. Act 379, Session laws 1948, has similar provisions for all employees “in every commercial, indus
trial, and agricultural establishment; in every shop, factory, centrale, mill, and manufactory; in every ranch,
property, farm, estate, and plantation; in every public-service enterprise, in every gainful business, including printeries, publishing houses, newspaper enterprises, clinics, hospitals, pharmacies, teaching institu
tions, boardinghouses, hotels, eating houses, restaurants, stores, groceries, warehouses, depots, markets,
garages, bakeries, theaters, racetracks, casinos, and other similar businesses; in every business office or
establishment, law office, consulting room, and professional office, and in every place devoted to the render
ing of services of any kind through payment . . . shall also be applied to all chauffeurs and drivers of
public and private motor vehicles except those who work on a commission basis . . . but shall not be
applied to persons employed in domestic service: Provided, however, “That they shall be entitled to 1 day
of rest for every 6 days of work.”
Government employees are also exempted “excepting such agencies and instrumentalities as are devoted
to agricultural, industrial, commercial, or public service enterprises.” (Laws Annotated (1953) with 1959
supp., title 29, secs. 271-280, 285, 288, 457.)
2 Title 33, sec. 2201, laws Annotated 1953 with 1959 supp., (Penal Code) is a Sunday closing law appli
cable to all commercial establishments except those specifically exempted. A second Sunday law, sec. 2204
of the Penal Code, applies to barbershops—except those in rural districts.
3 Order provides that no employer can divide the workday into more than two shifts; nor can he establish
a larger span than 8 hours between the end of the first shift and the beginning of the second. The hours
worked during a third or during successive shifts in a day, or the hours worked in any shift that starts 8
hours after the first ended, shall be compensated for at a rate of one and one-half times the wage rate the
employee is then earning.
RHODE ISLAND:
1 Employment of minors under 18 prohibited between 11 p.m. and 6 a.m.
2 In factories employing 5 or more women and children, such employees must be allowed their mealtimes
at the same hour, except those beginning work at a later hour than the other employees, may have meal
times at a different hour. No such person shall be employed during the meal hour in tending the machines
or doing work of other women and children in addition to their own.
577981—61------ 7

RHODE ISLAND—Continued
3 Work and employment prohibited on Sundays and specified holidays, except for work that is absolutely
necessary and can lawfully be performed on Sunday. Law provides for enforcement by Department of
Labor and, on conviction, payment of fine of $25 for each employee involved and each separate offense
committed but in no event shall fine be less than $200.
4 Maximum-hour law for women and minors.
5 One and one-half times the basic hourly rate must be paid for hours worked over 45 a week, except over
48 hours in resort hotels.
6 At least 24 consecutive hours of rest in each period of 7 consecutive days should be scheduled for all
employees; $1.25 an hour must be paid for all hours worked on 7th consecutive day.
SOUTH CAROLINA:
1 It is unlawful for any person “to employ, require or permit the employment of women or children to
work or labor in any mercantile or manufacturing establishment, on the Sabbath Day .... The Com
missioner of Labor and factory inspectors are hereby charged with the enforcement o\ this section, as well
as all other laws now in force relating to labor." Convicition for violation is punishable by a fine of $25
to $100, or imprisonment, not to exceed 30 days, for each offense. (Code of Laws 1952, with 1959 sudd .
vol. 6, secs. 64-5 and 6.)
2 Law establishes an 8-hour day, 40-hour, and 5-day week, but provides that employment over 8 hours
a day and 40 hours a week is permitted when the provisions of the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act have
been complied with. It further provides that work periods shall fall within 12 consecutive hours on any
day work is not continuous but is divided into 2 or more periods.
3 The Commissioner of Labor is charged with the enforcement of this statute.
TENNESSEE:
i By interpretation, seasonal employment applies exclusively to those types of work which can be
performed only at one time of the year, such as the handling and processing of perishable fruits and vege
tables. (Letter, dated Mar. 14, 1957, from Chief Inspector, Division of Workshops, Factories and
Elevators.)
TEXAS:
1 The law limiting hours of employment of females to 9 hours in a calendar day or in a dav of 24 hours
means 9 hours in any period of 24 consecutive hours. (Op. Atty. Gen., Feb. 17, 1958.)
2 Hospital employees and employees in interstate railroads engaged in office work are included in
coverage. (Ops. Atty. Gen., July 31, 1943 and Oct. 2, 1942.)
3 By interpretation, female bank employees are subject to overtime rates after 9 hours a day, provided
they have worked 40 hours in the week.
4 The statute limiting hours of work to not more than 9 a day or 54 a week does not apply to stenographers
and pharmacists. Women who work in mercantile establishments or telephone and telegraph companies
are also exempted from the statute, if the city, town, village or rural district in which they work has less
than 3,000 inhabitants. (Op. Atty. Gen., July 8, 1957.)
UTAH:
1 Hours must be worked in not more than 2 working periods. (Twelve hours must elapse between end
of 1 workday and beginning of another, except when there is a change in working schedule—Retail Trade
Order.)
2 Persons under 18 years of age limited to 8 hours a day, 44 hours and 6 days a week. Employment prohib
ited between 9 p.m. and 6 a.m., in retail trade occupations.
3 Order No. 5 supplements Provisions of Orders Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4.
4 Eight consecutive hours include one-half hour meal period paid for and allowed by the employer as
paid time.
3 Employment of girls under 18 years of age and boys under 16 years of age prohibited in the public house
keeping industry, and after 10 p.m. in restaurant occupations and laundry and drycleaning industry.
Minors (see footnote 3) must be certified by the school superintendent or local issuing officer before entering
employment.
VERMONT:
1 By interpretation, a beauty parlor is not a mechanical establishment (Op. Atty. Gen., Apr. 27, 1939);
office workers in manufacturing establishments are exempt from coverage of the law (Op. Atty. Gen ,
July 25, 1940).
'
2 Laundries are not engaged in public service. (Op. Atty. Gen., July 19, 1940.)
VIRGINIA:
1 It is a misdemeanor for a person to employ “his apprentices or servants in labor or other business" on
Sunday, with exceptions. (Code 1950, with 1960 supp., sec. 18-329.)
2 By interpretation, workshops include beauty shops. (Op. Atty. Gen., July 14, 1938.)
3 Law prohibits employment of females more than 9 hours in any one day of 24 hours without an
unbroken rest period of 10 consecutive hours, except an unbroken rest period of 8 hours once in any work
week in connection with shift changes.
WASHINGTON:
1 The “Washington Minimum Wage and Hour Act” (Ch. 294, Laws of 1959) requires overtime pay of
one and one-half times the regular rate of pay for hours worked in excess of 8 in any workday or 40 in any
workweek for male and female employees covered by the Act. The Washington State Supreme Court
ruled that provisions of the Washington Miminum-Wage Law relating to authority to issue regulations
and set daily overtime payments of time and one-half were invalid. (Peterson et al. v. Hagan, Apr. 14,
1960.)
2 Time employed includes minutes or hours when employee has to remain subject to employer's call and
is not free to follow his or her own inclinations.
3 Order provides that the hours of employment of women and minors shall be subject to any applicable
statute of the State of Washington.
4 Minors 16 and 17 years of age shall not be employed more than 8 hours in any 1 day or 6 days in any 1
week, except in seasonal industries or in cases of emergency.
5 Employment of minors 14 and 15 years of age prohibited between 7 p.m. and 6 a.m., unless authorized
by order or special permit.
« Employment of minors 16 and 17 years old prohibited between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m., when not attending
school; between 9 p.m. and 7 a.m., when attending school.

WEST VIRGINIA:
1 The statute provides that “it is unlawful to labor or to employ any person on Sunday,” with specified
exceptions. (Code Annotated 1955, with 1959 supp., vol. 2, secs. 6072 and 6073.)
2 A 10-minute rest period during each 4-hour shift is recommended by the State Labor Department.
WISCONSIN:
1 The total daily and weekly hours of women employed in regulated industries by 2 or more employers
may not exceed those permitted by law. (Administrative Code sec. Ind 74.08.)
2 Women employed in regulated trades and occupations must have at least 9 consecutive hours of rest from
the end of one workday to the beginning of next.
s Any place of employment defined as any manufactory, mechanical, or mercantile establishment, beauty
parlor, laundry, restaurant, confectionery store, telegraph or telephone office or exchange, or express or
transportation establishment.
4 Executive and professional women are those engaged in work predominately intellectual, managerial or
creative, requiring exercise of discretion and independent judgment for which remuneration is not less
than $350 a month.
5 Industrial Commission does not have the power to change the maximum daily and weekly hours pre
scribed by statute for women employed in hotels.
6 Before and after the actual canning of the product, the hours of work of women 18 years of age and over
must be kept within the regular factory limits, except that, women employed in canteens and eating houses
operated by canning factories to feed their workers may work between 6 p.m. of one day and 6 a.m. of the
following day. (Administrative Code sec. Ind 73.01 (2).)
7 Under specified conditions, regulations may be waived for boys 16 and 17 years of age.
3 Twenty-four consecutive hours of rest in each calendar week is deemed compliance with section 103.85,
Wis. Stat. (Administrative Code sec. Ind 75.)
9 Industrial Commission is authorized to issue orders altering or supplementing standards set in statute
WYOMING:
1 By interpretation, in industries within coverage of the women’s 8-hour law, there are no positive restric-.
tions on hours in excess of 8 a day or 48 a week, except that an employer must pay time and one-half for
each hour of overtime by the day or week. The overtime-pay penalty is the only method used to protect
women workers from unreasonable hours of employment. (Op. Atty. Gen., Nov. 6, 1959.)
2 By interpretation, also included are employees in drycleaning establishments, clerical workers in inter
state commerce also covered by FFLSA, manual labor in railroad shops, and eating places in private clubs.
(Ops. Atty. Gen., May 19, 1939; Dec. 11, 1947; Sept. 15, 1948; and June 27, 1950.) Not covered are beauty
operators, canvassers, and employees of railroad telegraph and telephone offices. (Ops. Atty. Gen., Mar.
6. 1941; Aug. 11, 1941; and Sept. 15, 1948.)
3 Required rest periods included in hours worked. (Op. Atty. Gen., Aug. 9, 1951.)
4 War conditions do not themselves warrant emergency employment of women for overtime hours; in
emergencies overtime employment is optional with employers. (Op. Atty. Gen., May 5, 1947.)

APPENDIX I
Industries and Occupations Covered by State Industrial Commission, Minimum Wage, and Welfare
Orders With Hour Provisions
ARIZONA:
(1) Cleaning, dyeing, pressing, processing, or any other work incidental thereto, of
Laundry and Dry
clothing (including hats), household furnishings, rugs, textiles, fur, leather, or
Cleaning Industry
fabric of any kind; (2) the collection, sale, resale, or distribution at retail or whole
sale of these services; (3) the producing of such services on their own behalf, by es
tablishments, businesses, institutions, clubs, or hospitals which services may be
incidental to their present business; (4) self-service laundries, automatic laundries,
help-yourself laundries, you-do-laundries, and any type of rental laundries. Ex
ception: Worker under 21 whose chief occupation is that of a student actually
attending public or private school.
CALIFORNIA:
Any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of furnishing
Amusement and
Recreation Industry entertainment or recreation to the public, including but not limited to theaters,
night clubs, dance halls, bowling alleys, billiard parlors, skating rinks, riding
academies, race tracks, amusement parks, athletic fields, swimming pools, gym
nasiums, golf courses, tennis courts, carnivals, and wired music studios. Exceptions:
Performers whose activities involve the exercise of artistic talent or athletic pro
ficiency; women employed in administrative, executive or professional capacities
(as defined); apprentices regularly indentured under State Division of Appren
ticeship Standards.
Broadcasting In
dustry .

Any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of broadcasting
programs through the medium of radio or television. Exceptions: Women em
ployed in administrative, executive or professional capacities (as defined); ap
prentices regularly indentured under State Division of Apprenticeship Standards.

Any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of canning
Canning, Freezing
and Preserving In soups; or of cooking, canning, curing, freezing, pickling, salting, bottling, preserving,
or otherwise processing any fruits or vegetables; seafood, meat, poultry or rabbit
dustry
products, when the purpose of such processing is the preservation of the product;
and includes all operations incidental thereto. Exceptions: Women employed in
administrative, executive or professional capacities (as defined); apprentices
regularly indentured under State Division of Apprenticeship Standards.
Industries Handling Any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of grading,
Products After Har sorting, cleaning, drying, cooling, icing, packing, dehydrating, cracking, shelling,
candling, separating, slaughtering, picking, plucking, shucking, pasteurizing, fer
vest
menting, ripening, molding, or otherwise preparing any agricultural, horticultural,
egg, poultry, meat, seafood, rabbit, or dairy product for distribution, and includes
all operations incidental thereto. Exceptions: Women employed in administrative,
executive or professional capacities (as defined); apprentices regularly indentured
under State Division of Apprenticeship Standards.
Laundry, Linen
Supply, Dry Clean
ing, and Dyeing
Industry

Any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of washing,
ironing, cleaning, refreshing, restoring, pressing, dyeing, storing, fumigating, moth
proofing, waterproofing, or other processes incidental thereto, on articles or fabrics of
any kind; includes but not limited to clothing, hats, drapery, rugs, curtains, linens,
household furnishings, textiles, furs, or leather goods; and includes self-service
laundries and the collection, distribution, storage, sale or resale at retail or whole
sale of the foregoing services. Exceptions: Women employed in administrative,
executive or professional capacities (as defined); apprentices regularly indentured
under the State Division of Apprenticeship Standards.

Manufacturing In
dustry

Any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of preparing,
producing, making, altering, repairing, finishing, processing, inspecting, handling,
assembling, wrapping, bottling, or packaging goods, articles, or commodities, in
whole or in part. Exceptions: Such activities covered by orders in the canning,
preserving and freezing industries; in industries handling products after harvest;
in the motion picture industry; women employed in administrative, executive or
professional capacities (as defined); apprentices regularly indentured under State
Division of Apprenticeship Standards.

Mercantile Industry Any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of purchasing,
selling, or distributing goods, or commodities at wholesale or retail; or for the pur
pose of renting goods or commodities. Exceptions: Women employed in admin
istrative, executive or professional capacities (as defined); apprentices regularly
indentured under State Division of Apprenticeship Standards.
Motion Picture[Industry

Any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of motion pic
ture or television film production, including but not limited to motion pictures for
entertainment, commercial, religious, or educational purposes; including all extra
players. Exceptions: Professional actors and actresses; women employed in ex
ecutive, administrative or professional capacities (as defined); apprentices regu
larly indentured under State Division of Apprenticeship Standards.
"Extra players" defined as persons employed in the production of motion pictures
to perform any work, including but not limited to that of a general extra, stand-in,
photographic double, sports player, silent bit, or dress extra; or as extra employed
in dancing, skating, swimming, diving, riding, driving, or singing; or as extra em
ployed to perform any other actions, gestures, facial expressions, or pantomine.

%
J
^

CALIFORNIA—Con.
Personal Service In
dustry

Any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of rendering,
directly or indirectly, any service, operating, or process used or useful in the care,
cleansing, or beautification of the body, skin, nails, or hair, or in the enhancement
of personal appearance or health; including, but not limited to, beauty salons,
barbershops, bath and massage parlors, physical conditioning and weight control
salons, and mortuaries. Exceptions: Women employed in administrative, execu
tive or professional capacities (as defined); apprentices regularly indentured under
State Division of Apprenticeship Standards.

Professional, Tech Includes professional, semiprofessional, managerial, supervisorial, laboratory, re
search, technical, clerical and office work; includes but is not limited to, account
nical, Clerical, and
Similar Occupations ants; accounting clerks; appraisers; board markers; bookkeepers; canvassers;
cashiers; checkroom attendants; checkers; circulation clerks; claim adjusters;
classified advertising saleswomen; clerks; collectors; compilers; computers; copyreaders; copywriters; demonstrators; instructors; interviewers; investigative
shoppers; librarians and their assistants; messengers; office machine operators;
physicians’ and dentists’ assistants and attendants; research, X-ray, medical, or
dental laboratory technicians and their assistants; secretaries; social workers;
statisticians; stenographers; teachers; telephone, teletype and telegraph operators;
telephone solicitors; tellers; ticket agents; tracers; typists; and other related occu
pations listed as professional, semiprofessional, clerical, and kindred occupations.
Exceptions: Professional, technical, clerical, and similar occupations performed in
an industry covered by another minimum-wage order; the exchange operator of a
telephone company having less than 150 stations operated under the jurisdiction of
the Public Utilities Commission and where employee’s duties as operator are inci
dental to other duties; women employed in administrative, executive or profes
sional capacities where work is predominantly intellectual, managerial, or creative,
requiring exercise of discretion and independent judgment and for which remu
neration is not less than $350 per month; or those licensed or certified by the State to
practice law, dentistry, architecture, engineering, teaching, or accounting; ap
prentices regularly indentured under State Division of Apprenticeship Standards.

Public Housekeep
ing Industry

Any industry, business, or establishment which provides meals, housing, or
maintenance services whether operated as a primary business or when incidental
to other operations in an establishment not covered by another minimum-wage
order; includes but not limited to restaurants, nightclubs, taverns, bars, cocktail
lounges, lunch counters, cafeterias, boarding houses, clubs, and all similar estab
lishments where food in either solid or liquid form is pi spared and served to be
consumed on the premises; catering, banquet, box-lunch service, and similar food
for consumption on or oft' premises; hotels, motels, apartment houses, roominghouses, camps, clubs, trailer parks, office or loft buildings, and similar establish
ments offering rental of living, business or commercial quarters; hospitals, sani
tariums, rest homes, child nurseries, childcare institutions, homes for the aged,
and similar establishments offering board or lodging in addition to medical, surgi
cal, nursing, convalescent, aged or child care; private schools, colleges, or universi
ties, and similar establishments which provide board or lodging in addition to
educational facilities; establishments contracting for maintenance or cleaning of
commerical or living quarters; establishments providing veterinary or other animal
care service. Exceptions: Student nurses in schools accredited by State Board of
Nurse Examiners or by Board of Vocational Nurses Examiners or in schools
exempt by law (religious nursing schools); women employed in executive, admin
istrative or professional capacities (as defined); apprentices regularly indentured
under State Division of Apprenticeship Standards.

Transportation In
dustry

Any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of conveying
persons or property from one place to another whether by rail, highway, air, or
water, and all operations or services in connection therewith; includes storage or
warehousing of goods or property, and the repairing, parking, rental, maintenance,
or cleaning of vehicles. Exceptions: Women employed in administrative, execu
tive or professional capacities (as defined); apprentices regularly indentured under
State Division of Apprenticeship Standards.

COLORADO:
Beauty Service Oc All services or operations used or useful in the care, cleansing or beautification of
the skin, nails, or hair, or in the enhancement of personal appearance and also
cupations
services or operations incidental thereto, including the service of maids, cashiers,
reception or appointment clerks.
Laundry Industry

Any trade, business, industry, club, institution, or branch thereof engaged in (1)
washing, ironing, or processing incidental thereto, for compensation, of clothing,
napery, blankets, bed clothing, or fabric of any kind whatsoever; (2) the collecting,
sale, resale or distribution at retail or wholesale of laundry services; (3) the produc
ing of laundry service for their own use by business establishments, hospitals,
clubs, or profitmaking institutions; (4) self-service laundries; including work
performed in connection with plant maintenance, and by office workers, clerks,
curb service employees, errand and delivery boys. Exceptions: Laundries in
charitable institutions which pay no wages and in which only inmates are
employed; drycleaning departments in laundries.

Public Housekeep
ing Industry

Hotels, restaurants, motels, roominghouses, cottage camps, clubs, hospitals,
convalescent homes, sanitariums, private schools, colleges, and any establishment
that prepares and offers for sale food or refreshment for consumption either on or
off its premises; lodging accommodation for hire to the public, to employees, or
to members, whether such service is the principal business of the employer or
merely incidental to another business.

Public Housekeeping Occupation defined as performance of any and every type
of work concerned with or incidental to the Public Housekeeping Industry,
including office personnel. Exceptions: Registered nurses, student nurses, female
internes, dietitians laboratory technicians; student employees in sororities,
fraternities, college clubs, or dormitories.

COLORADO—Con.
Retail Trade Indus Any trade, business, industry, institutuion or branch thereof engaged in, or con
try
cerned with, the selling or offering for sale any commodity, article, goods, wares
or merchandise, to the consumer, in wYhich 50 percent or more of the dollar volume
of business results from retail sales.
KANSAS:
Public Housekeep The work of waitresses in restaurants, hotel dining rooms, and boardinghouses;
ing Occupations
attendants in ice-cream parlors, soda fountains, light-lunch stands; steam table or
counterwork in cafeterias and delicatessens where freshly cooked foods are served;
confectionery stores where lunches are served; chambermaids in hotels, lodging
and boardinghouses, and hospitals; janitresses; car cleaners; kitchen workers in
hotels, restaurants, and hospitals; women elevator operators and cigarstand and
cashier girls connected with such establishments.
KENTUCKY:
All Industries and
All occupations. Exceptions: Labor on a farm; domestic service in home of em
Occupations
ployer; firms subject to regulation by the State Public Service Commission;
employment under any special State wage order. (Two special minimum-wage
orders are currently in effect: Hotel and Restaurant Order and Laundry, Dry
Cleaning, and Dyeing Order.)
Hotel and Restau
rant Industry

All establishments offering lodging accomodations for hire to the general public;
and establishments preparing and offering for sale food for consumption. Ex
ception: Hotels having no more than 10 guest rooms, none of which are for transient
guests.

Laundry, Dry Clean All places where persons are engaged in washing, cleaning, or dyeing clothing,
ing and Dyeing
washable and cleanable materials, directly or indirectly connected with such place
Industry
of business; all work in the process of receiving, marking, washing, cleaning, dye
ing, ironing, and distribution of washable and cleanable materials.
NORTH DAKOTA:
Laundry, Cleaning Any establishment where clothes are washed, cleaned or dyed by any process, by
and Dyeing Occu
any person, firm, institution, corporation, or association; and such work shall in
pation
clude all the processes connected with the receiving, marking, washing, cleaning,
ironing, and distribution of washable or cleanable materials, including work per
formed in laundry departments in hotels and factories.
Manufacturing Oc
cupation

All processes in the production of commodities, including work in dressmaking
shops, wholesale millinery houses, workrooms of retail millinery shops; drapery
and furniture covering workshops, and garment alteration, art, needlework, furgarment making, and millinery workrooms in mercantile stores; employees of
creameries and produce houses, and the candy-making departments of retail candy
stores and of restaurants, bakery and biscuit manufacturing establishments,
candy manufacturing, and bookbinding and job-pressfeeding establishments.

Mercantile Occupa
tion

Establishments operated for the purpose of trade in the purchase or sale of any
goods or merchandise, including the sales force, wrapping force, auditing or check
ing force; shippers in the mail-order department; receiving, marking, and stock
room employees; and all other work. Exception: Employees performing office
duties solely.

Public Housekeep
ing Occupation

Includes waitresses in restaurants, hotel dining rooms, boarding houses, bars and
taverns; all attendants employed at ice-cream, light-lunch, and refreshment
stands; steam table or counter work in cafeterias and delicatessens where freshlv
cooked foods are served; chambermaids in hotels, lodging houses, and boarding
houses; janitresses, car cleaners, elevator operators; kitchen workers in hotels and
restaurants.

OREGON:
Amusement and
Recreation

Studio operators in wired music services, assistants in radio broadcasting and
televisior studios, cashiers, ushers and checkroom attendants in theaters and other
places of amusement, including but not limited to such occupations in dance halls,
bowling alleys, billiard parlors, skating rinks, riding academies, shooting galleries,
racetracks, amusement parks, athletic fields, public swimming pools, private and
public gymnasiums, golf courses, tennis courts, carnivals, concessions in any and
all amusement establishments, and all similar occupations. Exceptions: Women
employed in administrative, executive or professional capacities, as defined, and
for which remuneration is not less than $250 a month.

Beauty Operators
and Manicurists

Services or operations used or useful in the care, cleansing or beautification of the
skin, scalp, nails or hair, or in the enhancement of personal appearance, and all
services or operations incidental thereto, including services of maids, cashiers,
reception or appointment clerks. Exceptions; Women employed in administra
tive, executive or professional capacities, as defined, and for which remuneration
is not less than $250 a month.

Canning, Freezing
and Processing

Any industry, business or establishment, operated for the purpose of canning,
packing, preserving, barreling, freezing, dehydrating, or anv other processing of
fresh fruit, berries, vegetables, meat, fish, shellfish or Crustacea. Exceptions:
Farmer who processes only the product of his own farm; women employed in
administrative, executive or professional capacities, as defined.

Hospitals, Sanitar
iums, Convalescent
and Old People's
Homes

Includes cooks, kitchen helpers, waitresses, janitors, charwomen, and all other
women and minors employed therein. Exceptions: Trained nurses, student
nurses, or other professional or executive help.

Laundry, Cleaning
and Dyeing

The process of receiving, marking, washing, cleaning, dyeing, finishing and dis
tributing clothing and materials. Exceptions: Women employed in administra
tive, executive or professional capacities, as defined, and for which remuneration
is not less than $2.50 a month.

OREGON—Con.
Manufacturing

Includes any industry, business or establishment operated for the purpose of pre
paring, producing, making, altering, repairing, finishing, processing, inspecting^
handling, assembling, wrapping, bottling, or packaging goods, articles, or com
modities, in whole or in part. Exceptions: Such activity covered by other orders,,
including the order in the canning, packing, preserving, freezing or other processing
operation; women employed in administrative, executive or professional capacities,,
defined as: (1) Work predominantly intellectual, managerial, or creative which'
requires exercise of discretion and independent judgment, and for which remunera
tion is not less than $300 a month; or (2) employees licensed or certified by the
State who are engaged in the practice of any of the recognized professions.

Mercantile

Any business or establishment operated for the purpose of purchasing, selling, or
distributing goods or commodities at wholesale or retail.

Office

Includes stenographers, bookkeepers, typists, billing clerks, filing clerks, cashiers,,
checkers, invoicers, comptometer operators, auditors, library attendants, and all
types of clerical work not covered by other orders of the Commission. Excep
tions: Women employed in administrative, executive or professional capacities,,
as defined, and for which remuneration is not less than $250 a month.

Organized Youth
Camps

A day or resident camp, whether or not operated for profit, established to give
campers a recreational, creative, educational experience in cooperative group
living wherein the activities are conducted on a closely supervised basis whether
or not the camp is used primarily by an organized group or by members of the
public and whether or not the activities or facilities are furnished free of charge or
by the payment of a fee. Exceptions: Mining, lumbering, labor, hunting, and
fishing camps; dude ranches, resorts, auto courts, tourists camps, year-round
schools, convalescent homes, and correctional camps.
Includes counselor, such as head counselor, assistant, specialist counselor or in
structor, camp mother, teacher, supervisor, group or division leader, senior or
junior assistant and trainee counselor, cocounselor and counselor aide; and cook,
kitchen assistant, maintenance worker or other person working primarily for
financial remuneration in an organized youth camp. Exceptions: Camp director;
camper wrho receives all or a portion of his camping or remuneration in addition
to his camping for the performance of routine tasks in connection with the camp;
any bona fide volunteer, as defined, under specified conditions.

Personal Service

Masseurs, doctor and dental and laboratory assistants, mortuary attendants,
taxi drivers, bus drivers, chauffeurs and dispatchers, and all similar occupations.
Exceptions: Women employed in administrative, executive or professional ca
pacities, as defined, and for which remuneration is not less than $250 a month.

Preparing Poultry,
Rabbits, Fish or
Eggs for Distribu
tion

Any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of grading,
sorting, cleaning, packing, candling, separating, slaughtering, plucking, or other
wise preparing poultry, rabbits, fish or eggs for distribution. Order not applicable
to the canning of fresh fruits, vegetables, fish, shellfish or Crustacea, or to the bar
reling or preserving of fresh fruit and berries, or to operations on a farm incident
to production or preparation for market in their raw, live, or natural state of prod
ucts of that farm.

Public Housekeep
ing

Waitresses, cooks, counter and salad workers, food checkers, bus and vegetable
workers, dish and glass washers, kitchen help, maids, chambermaids, house
keepers, barmaids, linen room girls, cleaners, janitresses and janitors, charwomen
and housemen, checkroom attendants, matrons, elevator operators, and all others
employed in hotels, motels, trailer parks, restaurants, boardinghouses, roominghouses, apartment houses, catering, banquet or box-lunch services, cafeterias,
light lunch stands, ice-cream and soft-drink stands, beer taverns, cocktail lounges,
clubs (public and private), private schools, colleges, or universities, and similar
establishments which provide board or lodging in addition to educational facilities;
establishments contracting for maintenance or cleaning of commercial or living
quarters, as well as matrons, car cleaners in transportation industries, and other
work of like nature. Exceptions: Domestic help in private homes, enrolled stu
dents employed by educational institutions, and persons who, for religious, chari
table, fraternal or similar reasons, voluntarily donate services to such educational
institutions; women employed in administrative, executive or professional capaci
ties, a$ defined, and for which remuneration is not less than $250 a month.

PUERTO RICO:
Alcoholic Beverages The manufacture, including, but without limitation, distilling, rectifying, blending
and Industrial Alco or bottling of rum, gin, vodka, whiskey, brandy, cordials, liquers, wines, ale,
hol Industry
beer and similar malt beverages with or without alcohol, and other alcoholic
beverages; industrial alcohol; acetone, antifreeze and any related byproducts.
Exceptions: Managers, executives, and professionals; bona fide traveling salesmen.
Coffee Industry in
its Agricultural
Phase

Comprises the planting and replanting of coffee trees (including preparation of the
soil), its cultivation and harvesting; removal of pulp from coffee beans, washing,
drying, crushing and packing of the beans, whether these activities are carried on
at the farms or their dependencies; conditioning of shade trees; and any work or
service necessary or related to the activities mentioned.

Construction Indus Comprises, without limitation, every act, process, operation, work or service
try
necessary or incidental, or related to the designing, project, fabrication, recon
struction, alteration, repair, conservation, or maintenance of buildings, works or
constructions; assembling or installation at construction site of machinery or device;
dismantling, wrecking or demolition of said works, constructions or buildings;
removal of devices or machinery installed in these. Exceptions: Managers, ex
ecutives and professionals; works, buildings or constructions made by force account
for purely agricultural purposes; those covered by another mandatory order; or
by the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act.

PUERTO RICO—Con.
Dairy Industry
Includes, both in its agricultural as in its industrial phase, every work, process
(Order revised in
and service necessary or related to the production of fresh milk and to the handling,
1960 to Dairy and
bottling, pasteurizing, homogenizing or processing of same; as well as transportaCattle Industry).
tion performed in vehicles owned, managed, or operated by any employer in said
industry. Exceptions: Managers, executives, and professionals; production of
milk for consumption by farmer or his family; retail sale at any milk stand, store,
or establishment.
Food and Related
Products Industry

Canning, preserving (including freezing, drying, dehydrating, curing, pickling
and similar processes) or any other manufacturing or processing and the packaging
in conjunction therewith, of foods; ice; ices, ice cream and similar frozen products;
refreshing beverages, such as soft drinks; and including, but without limitation,
meat animals and meat animal products; poultry and poultry products; fish and
seafood products; fruits, vegetables, and their products; grains and grain products;
candy, confectionery, and related products; miscellaneous foods and food products;
handling, grading, packing or preparing in their raw or natural state of fresh vege
tables, fresh fruits or nuts. Exceptions: Managers, executives, and professionals
and other specified occupations and industries; bona fide traveling salesmen,
work or service covered by the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act.

Hospitals, Clinics
Comprises every establishment where medical-help is provided or where sick perand Sanatoria In- sons are hospitalized; every independent employer (not operating said establishdustry
ment) providing ambulance services or services such as the administration of
oxygen, anesthesia or serum to a person or the care and attendance of sick per
sons; includes any work or service necessary or related to the above activities.
Exceptions: Managers, executives, and professionals; hospitals, clinics, or sanatoria
operated by the State government, the Government of the Capital or by the munic
ipal governments; student nurses in schools recognized by the Government.
Hotel Industry

Every establishment open to the public wholly or partially engaged in furnishing,
for or without profit, lodging or room, with or without board, to permanent or
transient guests; activities operated jointly or in connection with the hotel industry
by hotel or independent employers, such as gambling houses, ballrooms, bathing
beaches, swimming pools, tennis courts, golf links, barbershops, bars, restaurants
and soda fountains. Exceptions: Managers, executives and professionals; estab
lishments with 5 or less rooms accommodating not more than 8 guests; establish
ments, not open to the public, furnishing lodging or rooms for educational, religious
or medical help and to students; beauty parlors and retail stores operated in hotels;
services a laundry and dry cleaning plant renders hotel industry.

Laundry and Dry
Cleaning Industry

Every act, process, operation, service or work performed in relation to washing,
cleaning, starching, pressing and dyeing of clothes or fabrics of any kind whatso
ever; includes, but without limitation, the fixing, preparation, wrapping, collection,
delivery, return, transportation and distribution of said clothes or fabrics. Excep
tions: Managers, executives, and professionals.

Paper, Paper Prod- The manufacture of pulp from wood, rags and other fibers; the conversions of such
ucts, Printing and pulp into paper or paperboard; the manufacture of building board from bagasses
Publishing Industry or similar materials; the manufacture of paper, paperboard, and pulp into bags,
boxes, containers, tags, cards, envelopes, pressed and molded pulp goods, and all
other converted paper products; the printing performed on any of the foregoing
products; and the printing or publishing of books, newspapers, periodicals, maps,
music, and all other products or services of typesetters, advertising typographers,
electrotypers, stereotypers, photoengravers, steel and copper plates engravers,
commercial printers, lithographers, gravure printers, private printing plants of
concerns engaged in other business, binderies, and news syndicates; including
office work, repair, maintenance, conservation, distribution or transportation of
manufactured or printed products. Exceptions: Managers, executives, and
professionals.
Restaurant, Bar,
Comprises every establishment open to the public where foods, coffee, alcoholic
and Soda Fountain beverages, soft drinks, ices, and sweets or any of said articles are served or sold writh
Industry
or without profit; any establishment, without being open to the public, serves or
sells to its members and guests any of the foregoing articles; any work or service
necessary or related to above activities. Exceptions: Managers, executives and
professionals; establishments exclusively devoted to educational, religious, or
medical purposes, wiiich operate on force account any activities of the industry,
activities comprised in the hotel industry as defined by the Minimum Wage Board;
private homes serving meals to domicile or having not more than ten guests for
board.
Retail Trade Indus- Comprises, but not as a limitation, every act. process, operation, work or service
try
necessary, incidental or related to the sale or transfer to consumers, for or without
profit, of any kind of merchandise or goods, carried out at any establishment or
place; also comprises establishments engaged in retail and wholesale trade using,
part of the time, not more than twro employees in wholesale activities. Exceptions:
Managers, executives and professionals; soda fountains, restaurants, bars, hotels;
traveling salesmen.
Theater and Cinema Comprises every establishment or place where, for profit, motion pictures are
Industry
exhibited or shown or art productions are presented by actors, musicians or singers;
any wrork or service necessary or related to the above activities. Exceptions:
Managers, executives, or professionals.
Transportation Industry

100

Comprises, but without limitation, every act, process, operation, work or service
necessary, incidental, or related to transportation or conveyance of persons or
things by or in any kind of motor vehicles including those run by rails. Excep
tions: Managers, executives, and professionals; transportation of any agricultural
products by any farmer in his own vehicles; transportation, if another mandatory
order is applicable.

PUERTO RICO-Con.
Includes, but without limitation, the wholesaling, warehousing and other distribu
Wholesaling and
tion activities of jobbers, importers and exporters, manufacturers’ sales branches
Warehousing In
and offices established for wholesale distribution of their products, industrial dis
dustry
tributors, mail-order establishments, brokers and agents, and public warehouses.
Exceptions: Managers, executives, and professionals; industrial wholesaling and
warehousing of products manufactured in Puerto Rico; other specified occupations
and industries.
RHODE ISLAND:
Restaurant and
Hotel Restaurant
Occupations

Restaurant and hotel restaurant occupations include any activity connected with
the preparation or offering of food and/or beverage for remuneration, for human
consumption, either on the employer’s premises or elsewhere by such services as
catering, banquet, box-lunch or curb service whether such service is operated as the
principal business of the employer or as a unit of another business, to the public,
to employees or members or guests of members, or to paying guests (applicable to
employers of 3 or less employees).

Restaurant, Hotel
Restaurant and
Public Housekeep
ing Occupations

For coverage of restaurant and hotel restaurant occupations see preceding entry.
Public housekeeping occupations mean all employment connected directly or
indirectly with the offering or furnishing of rooms and/or lodging for remuneration
to the public; to employees; to members or guests of members; to paying guests,
students or others; whether such service is operated as the principal business of the
employer, or as a unit of another business; including such occupations as chamber
maid, parlormaid, cashier, clerical worker; such as room and desk clerk, coat-room
attendant, matron, charwoman, telephone operator, cleaner, janitor, bellboy,
porter, doorman and all workers properly classified in this occupation in any
establishment furnishing rooms and/or lodging for remuneration. Exceptions:
Employment on a farm; domestic service in a private home, unless operated as a
rooming house; student workers employed on a part-time basis (22 hours or less
a week); employees of employers of 3 or less persons.

Retail Trade
Occupations

All employment in or for any industry or business selling or offering for sale any
type of merchandise, wares, goods, articles or commodities to the consumer; all
work connected with the soliciting of sales or opportunities for sales, and/or the
distributing of such merchandise, wares, goods, articles or commodities and the
rendering of services incidental to the sale, use or upkeep of the same whether
performed on the employer’s premises or elsewhere. Order No. 4-R-3, July 1, 1958,
is applicable to establishments and occupations exempt from coverage of Adminis
trative Regulations, Oct. 1, 1957, except home delivery of newspapers. Exceptions
for Administrative Regulations: Home delivery of newspapers; student workers
employed on part-time basis (22 hours or less a week); employees of employers of
3 or less persons.

UTAH:
Laundry and Clean Includes any place where washing, ironing, cleaning, pressing, or processing inci
dental thereto, of any kind of washable fabric is conducted; and those places or
ing, Dyeing and
Pressing Industries divisions of establishments where the cleaning or dyeing or pressing of particular
fabrics and all processes incidental thereto are conducted as a process aside from
usual laundry practices.

Public Housekeep
ing Industry

Hotels, boardinghouses, roominghouses, motels, apartment houses, resort hotels,
hospitals, institutions, building space to rent for business, manufacturing, com
mercial enterprises, and other public service. Includes linen-room girls, maids,
cleaners, elevator operators, other female or minor employees connected with the
establishment unless or until their specific occupation is governed by another
minimum-wage order. Exceptions: Registered nurses, licensed practical nurses,
and resident managers.

Restaurant Occupa
tion

All places selling food or beverages in solid or liquid form to be consumed on the
premises. Exceptions: Retail ice cream or retail soft drink (nonalcoholic) estab
lishments where 90 percent or more of the business volume is from ice cream or
soft drink sales.

Retail Trade Occu
pations

Any industry or business, operated for the purpose of selling, offering for sale, or
distributing goods, wares, and merchandise at retail, to selected individuals or to
the general public, and rendering services incidental to such operations.

WASHINGTON:
Beauty Culture
Industry

Includes hairdressing; hair coloring and bleaching; manicuring; hair manufactur
ing; massage; marcel or permanent waving; cosmetology; haircutting; body massage
and weight reducing; selling and demonstrating or applying beauty preparations,
cosmetics, and supplies either to the demonstrator or to other persons; instructing
students in any of the foregoing occupations, and all services or operations inci
dental to such occupations, including the services of instructors in beauty schools.

Food Processing
Industry

Any industry, business or establishment operated for the purpose of processing
by canning, freezing, cooking or otherwise of food for human or other consumption,
including the processing of fruit, vegetables, fish, shellfish, dog food, or any other
products for the purpose of preserving them for food purposes, for human or other
consumption. Exceptions: Same as the three last exceptions listed under Manu
facturing Order.

Fresh Fruit and
Vegetable Packing
Industry

Any industry, business, establishment, person, firm, association or corporation
engaged in handling, packing, packaging, grading, storing or delivering to storage
or to market or to a carrier for transportation to market, any agricultural or horti
cultural commodity in its raw or natural state as an incident to the preparation of
such products for market. Exceptions: Employees specifically covered by another
minimum-wage order; women engaged in vocational education, work experience
or apprentice training program, under conditions specified in order; and two last
exceptions listed under Manufacturing Order.

101

WASHINGTON Con.
Laundry, Dry
Includes, but is not confined to: (1) The marking, sorting, washing, cleaning,
Cleaning and Dye
collecting, ironing, assembling, packaging, pressing, receiving, shipping, or renoWorks Industry
vatmg in any capacity directly concerned with sale or distribution at retail or
wholesale of any laundry or drycleaning service; (2) the work performed by
clerical workers and telephone operators (not employed directly by a telephone
company) in connectior with the production and furnishing of these services;
(3) the production of laundry, drycleaning or dyeing services bv anv establish
ment, which services may be incidental to its principal business; (4) the cleaning,
pressing, finishing, refreshing, dyeing, or processing of any article of wearing
apparel, including hats, household furnishings, rugs, textiles, fur, leather (including
shoes), or any fabrics whatsoever, when such activity is not performed in the
original process of manufacture. Exceptions: Same as those shown for the Theatri
cal Amusement and Recreation Industry Order; and minors engaged in vocational
education, work experience or apprentice trainirg program, when such program
is properly supervised by school personnel or in accordance with written agree
ments or approved training schedules.
Manufacturing and
General Working
Conditions

Any industry, business or establishment, wholesale or retail, operated for the pur
pose oi making, remodeling, repairing or fashioning by preparing and combining
materials by nature or machinery, or producing goods, wares and merchandise by
some industrial process, including but not being confined to work performed in
dressmaking, millinery, drapery and furniture-covering houses, garment, art,
needlework, furmaking operations, shoe manufacturing and repairing, creameries,
candy, floral, bakeries, biscuitmaking and bookbinding establishments. Excep
tions: (1) Processing by canning, freezing or otherwise of fruits and vegetables, fish
or marine or other agricultural products; (2) any industry or occupation specifically
?irVere<^ ky another minimum-wage order; (3) women and minors covered by Office
Workers Order; (4) nurses, student nurses, female internes, dietitians, and laboratorians; (5) newspaper vendors and newspaper carriers; (6) minors engaged in voca
tional education, work experience or apprentice training program under conditions
specified m order; (7) telephone or telegraph operators employed directly by a tele
phone or telegraph company; (8) employees of common carrier railroads, sleepingcar companies and freight or express companies subject to regulation of Federal
Law.

Mercantile In
dustry, Wholesale
and Retail

Any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of purchasing,
selling, or distributing goods or commodities at wholesale or retail. Exceptions:
Employees of common carrier railroads, sleeping-car companies, and freight or
express companies subject to regulations of Federal Law; nurses, nurses’ aides and
telephone operators employed directly by a telephone company, who are not en
gaged in purchasing, selling or distributing goods or commodities at wholesale or
retail; occupations in an industry covered by another minimum-wage order.

Minors

^^wstry or establishment not expressly covered by a special Industrial Wel
fare Order. Exceptions: Agricultural labor; domestic work or chores performed in
or about private residences; minors employed directly by a telephone or telegraph
company; newspaper vendors and newspaper carriers; and two last exceptions
listed under Manufacturing Order.
Includes but is not limited to all types of clerical work, general office workers, typ
ists, stenographers, secretaries, any and all office-machine operators, bookkeepers
(hand and machine), accountants, accounting clerks, statisticians, tellers, cashiers,
collectors, telegraph and teletype operators, F BX and office telephone operators,
office messengers, ticket agents, appraisers, librarians and their assistants, phy
sicians and dentists’ assistants and attendants, research, X-ray medical or dental
laboratory technicians and their assistants, office checkers, invoicers, and similar
occupations. Exceptions: Employees of common carrier railroads, sleeping-car
companies, and freight or express companies subject to regulations of Federal Law;
nurses and nurses’ aides not engaged in office work; telephone operators employed
directly by a telephone company who are not engaged in office work; occupations
m an industry covered by another minimum-wage order.

Office Workers

Public House
keeping Industry

Any industry, business or establishment operated for public housekeeping, in
cluding restaurants, lunch counters, cafeterias; catering, banquet, or box-lunch
seiTaCe' ,cur^ service; boardinghouses; all other establishments where food in either
solid or liquid form is prepared for and served to the public to be consumed on the
premises; hotels and motels; apartment houses; rooming houses; camps; clubs
(public and private); hospitals, sanitariums, rest homes, or maternity homes;
building or housecleaning or maintenance services. Exceptions: Same as those
shown for Theatrical Amusement and Recreation Industry Order; and nurses,
student nurses, female internes, dietitians, and laboratorians.

Telephone and Tele Includes any business or establishment operated primarily for the purpose of
graph Industry
transmitting messages for the public by telephone or telegraph for hire.
Theatrical Amuse
ment aDd Recrea
tion Industry and
General Amusement
and Recreation
Industry

Amusement and recreation orders include any industry, business, or establishment
operated for the purpose of furnishing entertainment or recreation to the public:
1 heatrical Amusement and Recreation Industry includes both moving-picture
and legitimate theaters and food and drink dispensaries operated in connection
therewith; and General Amusement and Recreation Industry includes, but is not
limited to, dance halls, theaters, bowling alleys, billiard parlors, skating rinks,
riding academies, shooting galleries, race tracks, amusement parks, athletic fields,
public swimming pools, private and public gymnasiums, golf courses, tennis
courts, carnivals, wired-music studios, and concessions in any and all amusement
establishments, but excluding the Theatrical Amusement and Recreation In
dustry. Exceptions: Occupations specifically covered by another wage order;
cashiers (covered by the Office Workers’ Order); employees of common carrier
railroads, sleeping-car companies, and freight or express companies subject to
regulations of Federal Law; telephone operators employed directly by a telephone
company.
*

102

■p

APPENDIX II
ALABAMA: i
Seats
Toilets
Occupational limitations
ALASKA:
Minimum wage
Equal pay
Seats
Rest period 3
Lunchroom
Restroom
Washroom
Toilets
Weight lifting
Occupational limitations
ARIZONA:
Minimum wage
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest
Rest period
Nightwork 3
Seats
Occupational limitations
ARKANSAS:
Minimum wage
Equal pay
Daily hours
Day of rest
Meal period
Rest period
Seats
Lunchroom
Toilets
Occupational limitations
CALIFORNIA:
Minimum wage
Equal pay
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest
Meal period
Rest period
Night work
See footnotes on p. 105.

CALIFORNIA—Continued
Seats
Dressing room
Restroom
Washroom
Toilets
Industrial homework
Weight lifting
Occupational limitations
COLORADO:
Minimum wage
Equal pay
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest
Meal period
Rest period
Seats
Dressing room
Toilets
Occupational limitations
CONNECTICUT:
Minimum wage
Equal pay
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest
Nightw'ork
Seats
Dressing room
Restroom
Washroom
Toilets
Industrial homework
Occupational limitations
Maternity
DELAWARE:
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest
Meal period
Nigh twork
Seats
Lunchroom
Dressing room

Types of Labor Laws by State 1
DEL AW ARE—Continued
Washroom
Toilets
Occupational limitations 3
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA:
Minimum wage
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest
Meal period
Nightwork 3
Seats
Toilets
FLORIDA: 1
Seats
Occupational limitations3
GEORGIA:
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Seats
Occupational limitations
HAWAII:
Minimum wage
Equal pay
Industrial homework
IDAHO:
Minimum wage
Daily hours
Seats
ILLINOIS:
Minimum wage
Equal pay
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest
Nightwork
Lunchroom
Restroom
Washroom
Toilets
Occupational limitations
Industrial homework

INDIANA:
Meal period
Seats
Dressing room 4
Toilets
Industrial homework
Occupational limitations
IOWA:
Seats
Dressing room
Toilets
Occupational limitations 3
KANSAS:
Minimum w age
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest
Meal period
Nightwork
Seats
Lunchroom
Dressing room
Toilets
KENTUCKY:
Minimum wage
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest5
Rest period
Seats
Dressing room
Toilets and washroom
Occupational limitations
LOUISIANA:
Minimum wage
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest
Meal period
Seats
MAINE:
Minimum w'age

MAINE—Continued
Equal pay
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Meal period
Seats
Toilets
Occupational limitations 3
MARYLAND: 1
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Meal period
Nightwork
Dressing and washroom
Toilets
Industrial homework
Weight lifting
Occupational limitations 3
MASSACHUSETTS:
Minimum w'age
Equal pay
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest
Meal period
Nightwork
Seats
Dressing room
Toilets
Industrial homework
Weight lifting
Occupational limitations
Maternity
MICHIGAN:
Equal pay
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Seats
Dressing room
Toilets
Industrial homework
Weight lifting
Occupational limitations

104

MINNESOTA: i
Minimum wage
Weekly hours
Seats
Lunchroom
Dressing room
Toilets
Weight lifting
Occupational limitations
MISSISSIPPI: i
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Lunchroom
Rest and dressing room
Toilets
W ashroom
MISSOURI: '
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Seats
Wash and dressing room
Toilets
Industrial homework
Occupational limitations
Maternity
MONTANA: «
Equal pay
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Seats
Occupational limitations 3
NEBRASKA:
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Meal period
Nightwork
Seats
Dressing room 4
Toilets
NEVADA:
Minimum wage
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest
Meal period
Rest period
Seats
Toilets
See footnotes on p. 105.

NEW HAMPSHIRE:
Minimum wage
Equal pay
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest
Nightwork
Seats
Toilets
NEW JERSEY:
Minimum wage
Equal pay
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest
Meal period
Nightwork
Seats
Lunchroom
Dressing room
Restroom
Toilets
Industrial homework
NEW MEXICO:
Minimum wage
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Meal period
Nightwork
Seats
Occupational limitations 3
NEW YORK:
Minimum wage
Equal pay
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest
Meal period
Rest period
Nightwork
Seats
Lunchroom
Restroom
Dressing room
Washroom
Toilets
Industrial homework
Weight lifting
Occupational limitations
Maternity

NORTH CAROLINA:
Minimum wage
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest
Meal period
Seats
Toilets
Occupational limitations 3
NORTH DAKOTA:
Minimum wage
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest
Meal period
Nightwork
Seats
Dressing room
Restroom
Toilets
Washroom
OHIO:
Minimum wage
Equal pay
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest
Meal period
Nightwork
Seats
Lunchroom
Dressing room
Toilets and washroom
Industrial homework
Weight lifting
Occupational limitations
OKLAHOMA:
Minimum wage
Daily hours
WTeekly hours
Seats
Washroom
Toilets
Occupational limitations
OREGON:
Minimum wage
Equal pay
Daily hours
Weekly hours

OREGON—Continued
Day of rest
Meal period
Rest period
Nightwork
Seats
Dressing room
Restroom
W ashroom
Toilets
Industrial homework
Weight lifting
PENNSYLVANIA:
Minimum wage
Equal pay
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest
Meal period
Rest period
Nightwork
Seats
Lunchroom
Dressing room
Restroom
Toilets and washroom
Industrial homework
Occupational limitations
PUERTO RICO:
Minimum wage
Day of rest4
Meal period
Nightwork
Seats
Toilets
W ashroom
Dressing room
Industrial homework
Maternity
RHODE ISLAND:
Minimum wage
Equal pay
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest5
Meal period
Nightwork 3
Seats
Dressing room 4
Toilets

RHODE ISLAND—Continued
Industrial homework
Occupational limitations
Maternity
SOUTH CAROLINA:
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest
Nightwork
Seats
Toilets
Occupational limitations 3
SOUTH DAKOTA:
Minimum wage
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Seats
Dressing room
Toilets
TENNESSEE:
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Seats
Dressing room
Toilets
Industrial homework
TEXAS:
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Seats
Toilets
Industrial homework
Occupational limitations 3
UTAH:
Minimum wage
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest
Meal period
Rest period
Nightwork
Seats
Restroom
Dressing room
Washroom
Toilets
Weight lifting
Occupational limitations

VERMONT:
Minimum wage
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Seats
Toilets
Maternity
VIRGINIA: '
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Nightwork 3
Seats
Restroom
Toilets
Occupational limitations

WASHINGTON:
Minimum wage
Equal pay
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Meal period
Rest period
Nightwork
Seats
Dressing room
Restroom
Lunchroom
Toilets
Washroom
Weight lifting

W ASHING TO N—Continued
Occupational limitations
Maternity
WEST VIRGINIA: *
Meal period
Seats
Lunchroom
Washroom
Dressing room
Toilets
Industrial homework
Occupational limitations 3
WISCONSIN:
Minimum wage

WISCONSIN—Continued
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Day of rest
Meal period
Nightwork
Seats
Lunchroom
Dressing room
Restroom
Washroom
Toilets
Industrial homework
Occupational limitations

WYOMING:
Minimum wage
Equal pay
Daily hours
Weekly hours
Rest period
Seats
Occupational limitations

FOOTNOTES
1 Eight- of the States with no day-of-rest law, have laws which prohibit employment on Sunday with specified exceptions. In Montana, by law, Sunday is a legal holiday.
2 From Safety Code, applicable to women required to stand at their work.
3 Applicable to employees under 21 years of age.
< Facilities must be provided, when authorized by State Labor Official,
s Not required by statute. Extra pay required for work on Sunday or on 7th day.

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