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Salaries o f Office W orkers in Large Cities, 1949 Part III CLEVELAND MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL PORTLAND, OREG. RICHMOND Bulletin No. 960-3 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR M a u r ic e J. T o b i n , S ecreta ry BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ew an Clagu e, For sale by the Superintendent o f Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. C om m ission er Price 25 cents Letter o f Transmittal The Secretary op U nited States D epartment op L abor, B ureau op L abor Statistics, Washington, D. C., November 1,1949. L abor : I have the honor to transmit herewith part III of a bulletin on salaries and working conditions of office workers in large cities in the United States. The information refers to the early months of 1949. These studies were prepared in the Bureau’s Division o f Wage Analysis by the regional wage analysts: George E. Yotava, Cleveland and MinneapolisSt. Paul; John L. Dana, Portland, Oreg.; and Harry H. Hall, Richmond. The planning and central direction of the project was the responsibility of Lily M ary David and John F. Laciskey under the general supervision of Harry Ober, chief of the Branch of Industry Wage Studies. E wan C lague, Commissioner. Hon. M aurice J. T obin , Secretary of Labor. Contents Page Introduction___________________________________________________________________________ Salaries and working conditions, by city: Cleveland___ _____________________________________________________________________ Minneapolis-St. Paul---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Portland, Oreg_______________________________________ Richm ond__________________________________________________________________ Appendix A: Scope and m ethod of survey______________________________________________ Appendix B: Descriptions o f occupations studied___________________ ___________________ 1 2 10 19 27 34 36 LIST OF TABLES Cleveland Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table 1.—Salaries and weekly hours o f work, by industry division___________________ 2 .— Percentage distribution, by weekly salaries___________________________________ 3 .—Average weekly salaries, by size of establishment---------------- -------------------------4. —Scheduled weekly hours____ _______ 5 .—Scheduled days in workweek________________________________________________ 6.— Vacations with p ay__________________________________________________________ 7.—Paid holidays--------------8. —Nonproduction bonuses____________________________________________ 9. —Formal provisions for paid sick leave__________________________ _____ _________ 10. —Insurance and pension p la n s.---------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 5 6 7 7 7 8 8 9 10 hi Contents— Continued M inneapolis-St. Paul Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table 1 .—Salaries and weekly hours of work, by industry division______________________ 2. —Percentage distribution, by weekly salaries___________________________________ 3 .—Average weekly salaries, b y city and industry division________________________ 4. —Average weekly salaries, by size of establishment_____________________________ 5.—Scheduled weekly hours--------------------------------------------------------------------------------6.—Scheduled days in workweek-------------------------------------------------------------------------7.— Vacations with p ay___________________________________________________ ______ 8.— Paid holidays_________________________________ : — --------------- ----------------------9.— Nonproduction bonuses--------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------10.— Formal provisions for paid sick leave------------------------ ----------------------------------11.— Insurance and pension plans------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 11 13 15 16 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 Portland, Oreg. Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table 1.— Salaries and weekly hours o f work, by industry division______________________ 2.— Percentage distribution, by weekly salaries___________________________________ 3.— Scheduled weekly hours_____________________________________________________ 4 .—Scheduled days in workweek-------------------------------------------------------------------------5.— Vacations with p ay----------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------6.— Paid holidays________________________________________________________________ 7.-— Nonproduction bonuses------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------8.-—Formal provisions for paid sick leave_________________________________________ 9.—Insurance and pension plans-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 22 24 24 24 25 25 26 26 Richmond Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table 1 .—Salaries and weekly hours of work, by industry division--------------------------------2. —Percentage distribution, by weekly salaries----------------------------------------------------3 .—Scheduled weekly hours--------------------------------------------------------------------------------4.— Scheduled days in workweek----------------------------- ------------- -----------------------------5.— Vacations with p a y--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. —Paid holidays----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- ---------7. —Nonproduction bonuses_______________________________ _______ ______________ 8 .—Formal provisions for paid sick leave________________________________________ 9 .—Insurance and pension plans-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 29 31 31 31 32 32 33 33 Appendix A Table Table Table Table IV A -l.— Establishments by industry d ivision ---------------------------- ---------------------------A -2 .— Em ployment by industry division — ........... .................................................. 35 A -3.— Establishments by size of establishm ent--------------------------------------------------A -4 .— Employment by size of establishm ent------------------------------------------------------- 34 35 35 Salaries o f Office W orkers in Large Cities, 1949— Part III Introduction About one out of every four workers in the United States is a “ white collar” worker. Be cause of their numerical importance in the labor force and the existence of widespread interest in their economic status, the United States Depart ment of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics has recently made a number of surveys of the salaries and working conditions of these workers. A major segment of this program was begun last year, when surveys of office workers were made in 10 of the country's largest cities.1This year similar surveys have been made in 17 cities, including 6 in which studies were conducted last year. These 6 cities are designated below by an asterisk. Reports on the cities surveyed this year appear in a four-part bulletin as follows: Part 1 Part 11 Hartford Los Angeles New Orleans Philadelphia St. Louis Atlanta* Boston* Chicago* New York* Seattle* Part 111 Part I V Cleveland Minneapolis-St. Paul Portland, Oreg. Richmond Cincinnati Dallas* Washington, D. C. Parts I and II are now available. Part IV will be printed within the next few months. The information on weekly salaries excludes overtime pay and nonproduction bonuses but includes incentive earnings. The weekly hours * Previously, information on a limited number of office jobs was obtained in studies of individual manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. The surveys begun last year represent the first attempt to present information cutting across industry lines. Among the other groups of white collar work ers studied recently are professional nurses, library personnel, dietitians, and social workers. data refer to the work schedules for which these salaries are paid. Hourly rates were obtained by dividing these weekly salaries by scheduled hours. The number of workers presented refers to the estimated total employment in all establishments within the scope o f the study and not to the num ber actually surveyed. (The industries and the minimum size of establishment within the scope of the study are listed in appendix A.) Data are shown only for full-time workers, defined as those who are hired to work the estab lishment's full-time schedule for the occupational classification. Salary and hours information is presented only for a limited number of jobs; no attempt was made to study all office occupations and, in general, the jobs surveyed are those that are found in a large proportion of offices and that involve duties that are more or less uniform from firm to firm. They are more representative of the salaries of women than of men office workers. To round out the picture of the salaries of office workers, information is presented on supple mentary benefits, such as vacations, holidays, and sick leave provided office workers. Information on these wage practices refers to all office workers. It is presented in terms of the proportion of workers employed in the offices which have the practice in question. Because of eligibility re quirements, the proportion who actually receive the benefits in question may be smaller. The summary of vacation and sick leave plans is limited to formal arrangements and excludes informal plans whereby time off with pay may be granted at the discretion of the employer or other supervisor. Sick leave plans are further limited to those providing full pay for at least some amount of time off; health insurance is excluded 1 2 SA LAR IES OF O FFICE W O R K E R S even though paid for by employers. In evaluating information on variations in salaries with size of establishment it should be remembered that this factor may be related to other factors. Frequently an important relation ship exists between size and industrial classifica tion in the broad industry groups used in these surveys. CLEVELAND, MARCH 1949 Salaries Office boys and office girls, averaging $36.50 and $33.50, respectively, were the lowest paid workers studied in Cleveland in March 1949. From this level, salaries ranged upward to those of hand bookkeepers; women in this job averaged $56.50 and men averaged $70.50. Among the numerically important jobs studied for women workers were general stenographers, earning an average of $46; clerk-typists, receiving an average of $40; ac counting clerks at $45; comptometer operators at $43; and pay-roll clerks at $48.50. Average salaries for over half of the jobs in which women were studied were between $40 and $45. Salaries of individual women workers in the jobs studied varied from a low of $22.50 to a high o f about $90, but nearly half earned between $37.50 and $47.50. Even within individual occu pations the full range of individual salaries was relatively great, but the salaries of most workers were concentrated within fairly narrow limits. Thus, general stenographers were paid as low as $27.50 and as high as $67.50; a third of the workers in this occupation, however, received between $42.50 and $47.50. Almost two-thirds of the clerktypists received between $35 and $45. In addition to differences in salary level among firms, a part of the difference in salaries among individual employees in the several occupations was apparently due to variations in salary levels among industries. In general, salaries in manu facturing; wholesale trade; and transportation, communication, and other public utilities were above other industries. Individual salary varia tion was also due to differences among employees in length o f service and similar factors. Although salaries for clerical workers in Cleve land were generally expressed in monthly or weekly terms, the salary rates were converted to an hourly rate by the Bureau to allow for difference in the length of workweek. On an hourly basis, the occupational averages for men workers ranged from 92 cents to $1.74; among women the range in averages was 84 cents to $1.45. Work Schedules A m ajority of women office employees in Cleve land worked a 5-day, 40-hour week, although work schedules varied from industry to industry. In finance, insurance, and real estate offices a third of the women were scheduled to work 37% hours or less, whereas in wholesale trade 1 out of 8 worked at least 44 hours. While over 90 percent of the women in manufacturing offices were on a 5-day week, only three-fourths of those in wholesale trade were on this schedule. M ost of the remain ing women in wholesale trade worked 5% days and workweeks of more than 5 days were reported for nearly a fifth of the women in the service industries as well. Paid Vacations Nearly all Cleveland office workers were provided with paid vacation benefits after 1 year's service and two-thirds were eligible for a vacation after 6 months' service. This vacation typically amounted to a week whereas after 1 year of service four out of five workers were entitled to 2-weeks' paid vacation. The proportion of workers en titled to 2 weeks' annual vacation rose above 90 percent after 2 years of service and almost all workers were entitled to this amount of vacation after 5 years' employment with a firm. Paid Holidays All Cleveland office workers included in the survey received paid holidays. Six holidays were typically provided for, although some employees received from 7 to 11 paid holidays each year. 3 CLEm m m Nonproduction Bonuses Christmas and year-end bonuses were paid by establishments employing over two-fifths of the workers studied. Such bonus payments were provided in establishments with 5 percent of the office workers in transportation, communication, and other public utilities offices, but were in effect in offices with nearly half of the workers in manufacturing. Paid Sick Leave Paid sick leave, granted automatically rather than at the discretion of a supervisor, was allowed after a year's employment in establishments with about 2 out of 5 office employees. The number of days of sick leave allowed annually varied greatly from industry to industry. Over twofifths of the transportation, communication, and other public utilities office employees worked in establishments providing over 20 days of paid sick leave after a year's employment. The pro portion of workers allowed this amount of leave in T able establishments in this industry division increased to about three-fourths after 5 years of service. Insurance and Pension Plans Seven out of eight office workers studied were in establishments providing some form of life and health insurance or a retirement system outside of social security. The extent to which such plans were found varied considerably among industries and the type of insurance also differed. In transportation, communication, and other public utilities, retirement pension plans were in effect in establishments employing three-fourths of the office workers studied; in contrast about one out of eight employees in wholesale trade worked in establishments with such arrangements. Life insurance plans were in effect in manufacturing establishments with nine-tenths of all office employees in this industry division, whereas about two out of five employees in finance, insur ance, and real estate worked in offices with such insurance. 1.— Salaries 1 and weekly schedule# hours of work for selected office occupations in Cleveland, by industry division, March 1949 Sex, occupation, and industry division Esti Average— Medimated an Salary range num of middle Weekly ber Hour week 50 percent of Weekly sched ly ly salary8 of workers work salary uled ers hours rate Men Bookkeepers, hand8.......... Manufacturing............... Wholesale trade............. Transportation, commu nication, mid other public utilities............ Sex, occupation, and industry division Average— Esti Medi- |Salary range mated an num Weekly Hour week of middle ber 50 percent of Weekly sched ly of workers ly uled work salary rate salary8 ers hours Women 242 91 104 $70.50 70.50 72.00 40.5 $1.74 $69.00 $59.00-$81.50 40.0 1.76 69.00 63.50- 75.50 40.0 1.80 72.00 58.50- 88.00 Billers, machine (billing machine)8...................... Manufacturing. ............ Wholesale trade............. 599 249 217 $41.00 43.00 39.50 Billers, machine (book keeping machine).......... 28 43.50 40.5 1.07 42.50 41.00- 45.50 325 116 123 56.50 54.50 56.50 39.0 38.5 39.5 1.45 56.00 50.00- 62.50 1.42 55.00 48.50- 57.00 1.43 57.50 50.00- 63.50 47 58.50 38.5 1.52 57.50 53.50- 63.50 268 116 56 50.00 53.50 51.50 39.5 40.0 40.0 1.27 49.50 43.50- 55.50 1.34 53.00 48.50- 56.50 1.29 54.00 40.50- 55.50 Bookkeeping-machine op erators, class B 8......... Manufacturing............. Wholesale trade............. Finance, insurance, and real estate.................... 697 213 224 41.50 44.00 44.50 40.5 41.0 40.5 1.02 41.50 36.50- 46.00 1.07 44.00 40.00- 47.00 1.10 44.50 41.50- 46.50 201 35.50 39.0 .91 35.50 33.50- 37.00 Calculating-machine op erators (Comptometer type)8.......................... Manufacturing.............. Wholesale trade............. Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities............ 1,044 499 134 43.00 45.50 41.50 40.0 40.0 40.5 1.08 42.50 39.50- 46.50 1.14 44.50 41.50- 49.50 1.02 41.50 37.50-46.50 106 42.50 40.0 1.06 42.50 39.00- 46.00 31 68.50 40.0 1.71 63.50 58.50- 80.00 Clerks, accounting8 .......... 1,002 Manufacturing .............. 493 257 Wholesale trade............. Finance, insurance, and 42 real estate.................... Transportation, com munication, and other 164 public utilities............ 56.50 56.50 57.00 40.0 40.0 40.5 1.41 57.00 49.00- 63.50 1.41 57.50 49.00- 63.50 1.41 56.50 52.00- 62.00 57.50 38.5 1.49 57.50 51.50- 62.00 57.50 40.5 40.0 $1.03 $41.00 $37.00-$44.00 40.0 1.08 42.50 40.00- 46.00 .98 38.50 36.50- 42.50 40.5 1.42 58.00 46.00- 69.50 Clerks, file, class B __....... 26 38.50 40.0 .96 39.00 38.00- 40.50 Clerks, general8................ Manufacturing.............. 182 106 57.50 55.00 40.0 40.0 531 148 376 60.50 62.50 60.00 41.0 40.0 41.5 1.48 57.50 51.50- 69.00 1.56 64.50 52.50- 69.50 1.45 56.00 51.50- 65.00 Clerks, pay-roll8 ............... Manufacturing............... 138 98 62.50 59.50 40.0 40.0 1.56 62.00 56.50- 67.00 1.49 61.00 56.50- 66.00 Clerk-typists..................... 74 45.50 39.0 1.17 40.50 39.00- 51.50 Office boys8...................... Manufacturing.............. Wholesale trade............. Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities............ 233 110 36 36.50 37.50 36.00 39.5 40.0 39.5 .92 35.00 33.00- 39.50 .94 36.00 34.50- 41.50 .91 34.50 33.50- 38.50 29 34.50 40.0 .86 34.00 32.00- 36.00 Bookkeeping-machine op erators, class A 8......... 1.44 57.50 46.00- 65.50 1.38 51.00 46.00- 65.50 Clerks, order8................... Manufacturing........... Wholesale trade............. Bookkeepers, hand8......... Manufacturing............... Wholesale trade............. Finance, insurance, and real estate.................... >f See footnotes a t end < tabl e. 4 SALARIES OF OFFICE WORKERS T able 1.— Salaries 1 and weekly scheduled hours o f work fo r selected office occupations in Cleveland, hy industry division , March 1949— Continued Sex, occupation, and industry division Esti Average— mated Medinum an ber Weekly Hour- week Salary range of middle of Weekly sched ly •y salary3 50 percent work salary uled of workers ers hours rate Sex, occupation, and industry division Women—Continued Office girls3 -Continued — Finance, insurance, and real estate.................... Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities............ Salary range of middle 50 percent of workers Women’—Continued Calculating-machine op erators (other than Comptometer type) _. Esti Average— mated Medinum an ber Weekly Hour week of Weekly sched ly ly salary3 work salary uled ers hours rate 99 $44.50 Clerks, accounting *_____ Manufacturing.............. Wholesale trade............ . Finance, insurance, and real estate.................. . Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities....... Services..... ................ 1,577 672 316 45.00 46.00 42.50 Clerks, file, class A 3....... Manufacturing............. Wholesale trade............ Finance, insurance, and real estate.................. . 40.0 $1.11 $46.00 $41.00-$46.00 40.0 40.0 40.5 1.13 44.00 39.00- 50.00 1.15 44.50 40.00- 50.50 1.05 44.00 36.50- 46.50 206 41.50 38.0 1.09 41.50 35.50- 47.00 164 132 50.50 43.50 40.0 39.0 1.26 52.50 44.50- 57.50 1.12 40.00 36.50- 45.50 217 131 29 44.00 45.00 45.00 39.0 40.0 40.0 1.13 43.50 39.00- 48.00 1.13 44.50 39.50- 48.50 1.13 42.00 40.00- 46.00 39 37.50 38.0 .99 37.00 34.50- 38.00 Clerks, file, class B ....... Manufacturing........... Wholesale trade............. Finance, insurance, and real estate................... Transportation, com munication and other public utilities______ Services........................ . 681 248 117 34.00 35.50 35.00 39.5 40.0 40.5 .86 33.50 31.00- 37.00 .89 34.00 32.50- 37.00 .86 33.50 30.50- 38.00 208 31.00 38.0 .82 30.00 28.50- 32.50 54 40 36.50 36.00 40.0 39.5 .91 34.00 31.00- 41.00 .91 35.00 34.00- 38.50 Clerks, general *............ Manufacturing........... Finance, insurance, and real estate......... 654 201 48.50 50.50 39.5 39.5 1.23 49.50 41.50- 55.00 1.28 49.50 42.50- 59.50 146 41.00 39.5 1.04 39.00 37.50- 43.00 Clerks, order 3........ Manufacturing. . Wholesale trade.. 387 258 109 42:50 42.00 43.00 40.5 41.0 40.0 1.05 40.50 36.50- 47.00 1.02 38.50 36.00- 46.00 1.08 44.50 36.50- 48.50 Clerks, pay-roll3.............. Manufacturing.............. Wholesale trade............. Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities....... 814 589 34 48.50 49.50 49.50 39.5 39.5 40.0 1.23 49.00 41.00- 55.00 1.25 50.00 43.00- 56.00 1.24 50.00 40.50- 59.00 125 45.00 40.0 1.13 44.00 40.00- 50.00 Clerk-typists3................. . Manufacturing. .......... . Wholesale trade............. Finance, insurance, and real estate.................. . Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities....... Services..................... 2,617 1,348 380 40.00 41.00 40.00 39.5 40.0 40.0 1.01 40.50 36.50- 44.00 1.03 40.50 36.50- 44.50 1.00 40.50 36.50- 42.50 433 36.50 38.5 .95 35.50 32.00- 40.50 246 143 41.00 38.50 40.0 39.5 1.03 41.50 37.00- 46.00 .97 37.00 34.50- 40.00 480 374 33.50 33.50 40.0 40.5 .84 34.00 30.00- 35.00 .83 34.00 32.00- 35.00 Office girls3.......... Manufacturing.. 3 Excludes pay for overtime. * Value above and below which half of workers' salaries fell. 41 $28.00 39.5 $0.71 $27.50 $27.00-$29.00 34 39.50 40.0 .99 38.50 37.00- 42.00 3,554 1,857 699 46.00 47.50 45.00 39.5 40.0 40.0 1.16 46.00 41. CO- 50.50 1.19 47.00 43. 50- 51.00 1.13 44.50 40.00- 48.50 555 42.50 38.0 1.12 42.50 39.00- 46.50 197 166 43.50 47.00 40.0 39.0 1.09 43.00 38.50- 47.00 1.21 47.00 40. CO- 52.00 Stenographers, technical.. 187 52.50 40.0 1.31 52.50 46.00- 57.50 Switchboard operators *... Manufacturing............. . Wholesale trade........... . Finance, insurance, and real estate.................. . Services.......................... 323 106 83 43.50 46.50 44.50 39.5 39.5 40.5 1.10 42.50 38.50- 47.00 1.18 46.00 42.50- 49.00 1.10 42.50 40.50- 46.00 51 37 38.00 42.50 39.0 38.5 .97 37.50 35. G - 39.00 O 1.10 46.00 39. CO- 46.00 609 399 94 42.00 42.50 39.50 40.0 40.0 39.5 1.05 42.00 36.50- 46.00 1.06 42.50 38. GO- 47.00 1.00 39.00 34.50- 42.50 44 40.50 38.0 1.07 38.50 31. CO- 46.50 35 40.50 40.5 1.00 39.00 36.50- 43.50 310 202 44.50 46.50 39.5 40.0 1.13 44.00 40.00- 49.50 1.16 48.00 43. GO- 50.00 Stenographers, general Manufacturing.............. Wholesale trade............. Finance, insurance, and real estate.................Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities............ Services.......................... Switchboard -operator -re ceptionists 3 ................ Manufacturing.............. Wholesale trade............. Finance, insurance, and real estate........... jl__. Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities............ Transcribing- m a c h in e operators, general3— . Manufacturing. ......... Finance, insurance, and real estate................... 63 39.00 38.0 1.03 39.00 35.50- 40.50 Typists, class A 3....... ..... Manufacturing.............. Wholesale trade_______ Finance, insurance, and real estate................... Services.......................... 440 207 30 43.50 45.50 45.00 39.0 39.5 40.0 1.12 42.50 40. GO- 47.00 1.15 44.50 41.00- 45.50 1.13 43.00 40. GO- 52.50 58 76 42.00 40.50 38.5 37.5 1.09 44.00 35. GO- 46.50 1.08 40.00 37.50- 42.50 Typists, class B 3.............. Manufacturing............. Wholesale trade............. Finance, insurance, and real estate. ................. Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities............ S ervices....................... 709 252 156 38.50 40.50 40.00 39.5 39.5 40.5 .97 39.00 34.50- 41.50 1.03 40.50 37.50- 43.00 .99 39.50 36. GO- 43.50 162 34.00 37.5 .91 32.50 32. GO- 38.00 59 62 38.00 39.50 40.0 40.0 .95 38.50 34.50- 41.00 .99 40.00 34.50- 44.00 3 Includes data for industry divisions not shown separately. 5 CLEVELAND T able 2.— Percentage distribution o f workers in selected office occupations , by weekly salaries 1 in Cleveland, March 1949 Percent of women— Percent of men— Weekly salaries1 Book Clerks, keepers, account Clerks, general ing hand Clerks, order Clerks, pay-roll Clerktypists Office boys Calcu Calcu Book- lating- latingBook Billers, machine keepingmachine Book- keeping- machine machine operators Clerks, (billing keepers, machine opera operators (other account opera ma (Comp ing hand than tors, tors, Comp chine) class A class B tometer tometer type) type) T T tn W on $20.00-$22.49................. $22.50-$24.99......... ........ $25.00-$27.49................. $27.50-$29.99._. $30.00-$32.49. . . $32.50-$34.99 $3* nn-^7 do 0.9 3.0 16.9 27.0 20.4 0.1 .7 $37.50-139.99................. $40.00-$42.49................. $42.50-$44.99................. $45.00-$47.49................. $47.50-$49.99................. 6.6 1.5 4.1 7.3 9.4 6.2 4.3 .7 5.5 3.4 21.8 0.4 3.8 .8 5.5 5.5 9.4 3.6 35.0 18.9 7.0 8.1 .4 .8 5.8 12.5 5.0 6.5 4.6 9.9 10.2 13.0 3.9 8.8 1.7 14.3 8.8 15.4 3.6 9.7 11.9 4.2 2.2 3.6 3.8 .9 22.8 $62.50-$64.99................. $65.00-$67.49......... ........ $67.50-$69.99 ___ $70.00-$72.49 . $72.50-$74.99 4.1 5.9 11.6 4.5 4.6 8.3 3.9 3.1 5.2 2.6 4.4 6.3 6.1 6.1 2.8 5.3 6.6 6.8 1.9 10.3 8.0 20.5 4.2 3.5 .9 11.2 10.8 12.9 1.7 2.9 .5 3.3 1.7 1.1 .6 2.8 2.1 1.3 1.5 14.7 18.2 18.7 9.8 5.9 5.8 2.0 5.7 10.5 14.9 0.6 1.3 4.6 9.5 4.2 18.2 17.0 14.4 3.5 12.4 20.1 18.1 12.2 7.1 12.1 31.2 0.3 4.0 17.9 15.0 9.3 12.5 1.2 12.2 4.6 14.5 16.3 10.5 5.8 8.1 12.2 16.3 1.3 4.5 4.8 1.1 1.0 1.9 .7 9.0 2.9 .7 1.3 .1 1.0 5.0 5.2 12.0 4.6 4.9 .3 8.1 $75.00-$79.99................. $80.00-$84.99................. $85.00-$89.99................. $90.00-$94.99 . $95.00-$99.99................. $100.00 and over______ 8.7 6.5 4.8 10.9 .9 21.6 $55.00-$57.49................. $57.50-$59.99................. $60.00-$62.49................. 1.2 4.7 8.4 11.0 3.7 .1 3.0 34.3 8.2 2.5 3.6 5.5 6.5 10.2 14.7 10.5 12.7 7.9 5.2 4.4 6.5 4.2 3.2 5.8 $50.00-$52.49................. 6.0 .9 .5 1,3 .1 .9 .2 .2 .6 .2 3.0 .7 .3 4.3 i.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 268 697 1,044 99 1,577 $50.0Q $41.50 $43.00 $44.50 $45.00 Total................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Estimated number of workers...................... 242 1,002 182 531 138 74 233 599 325 Average weekly sala ries 1 ........................... $70.50 $56.50 $57.50 $60.50 $62.50 $45.50 $36.50 $41.00 $56.50 * Excludes pay for overtime. 648571—49---- 2 6 S A L A R IE S OF O F F IC E W O R K E R S T able 2.— Percentage distribution o f workers in selected office occupations, by weekly salaries 1in Cleveland, March 1949— Con. Percent of women—* Weekly salaries * Clerks, ffie, class A Clerks, file, Class B TTnd«r$20 0n __ *20.00-$22 4Q $22.50-$24QQ Clerks, general Clerks, order Clerks, pay-roll 0.6 $25.00-$27.4Q_ $27.50-$20.flfl_ _ $3Q00-$32 4Q $32.50-$34.99................. $35.00-$37.49................. 8.7 11.5 .9 13.2 26.5 23.0 15.9 *37Jn-£tQQQ $40.00-942.49................. $42.50-$44.99.................. $45.00-147.49................. 847.50-$49.QQ_ 11.5 13.8 13.8 11.8 10.9 950.00-9S2.40 952.50-9S4.00 955.00-$57.49_________ 957.50-950 00 $00.00^0240 7.6 1.5 6.1 .9 Clerktypists 0.9 0.5 4.3 1.6 8.0 21.5 .5 .1 4.5 3.5 5.2 9.2 17.7 6.7 6.4 3.5 1.9 .8 11.9 14.3 7.8 9.6 3.1 15.8 7.5 9.3 16.0 2.6 7.9 15.7 8.9 7.5 9.2 .3 .3 13.6 9.8 7.6 5.4 10.4 4.9 4.9 1.0 1.0 4.9 13.3 6.3 8.7 4.8 6.8 .2 1.0 .5 1.1 .2 3.3 .9 .5 2.2 15.5 2.3 9.5 13.5 4.8 2.6 5.8 0.9 2.3 8.6 0.3 4.2 9.2 13.1 12.6 3.2 5.9 17.1 5.9 9.9 16.4 15.4 15.4 7.2 12.2 12.8 17.4 11.0 9.6 9.0 11.3 20.4 7.4 15.5 7.0 29.0 13.7 15.0 9.3 21.5 16.3 12.7 7.0 1.7 14.8 3.8 3.1 1.7 1.2 17.9 7.0 10.8 15.0 9.2 6.4 5.6 1.7 .3 2.5 4.6 2.8 3.1 18.7 2.3 .6 1.6 5.3 6.6 1.8 .5 .8 .3 .3 .2 .5 1.1 2.1 22.7 23.6 12.3 27.5 11.1 19.7 13.8 10.2 5.6 $75.00-$70.99 9R0.00-$«4.00 _ 905.00-$00.00_ $90.00-$94 00 $95.0O-$99 9Q $100^00 and over........... Switch- TranStenog Stenog raphers, Switch board- scribing- Typists, Typists, board operator- machine raphers, techni opera opera class A classpt recepgeneral tors cal tors, tionists general 0.2 ► .5 $02.50.904.00 $65.00-907.49 967.50-969 00. $70.00-$72.40_ $72.50-$74.99 Office girls 2.1 .6 2.1 1.5 0.6 .3 3.9 4.3 1.6 1.6 7.3 12.8 16.9 17.0 10.5 2.6 .6 .5 (’) .1 5.2 6.0 .4 .2 0.7 .5 * .9 .2 .2 Total................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Estimated number of workers..................... 217 681 654 387 814 2,617 480 3,554 187 323 609 310 440 709 Average weekly sala ries 1 ........................... $44.00 $34.00 $48.50 $42.50 $48.50 $40.00 $33.50 $46.00 $52.50 $43.50 $42.00 $44.50 $43.50 $38.50 1 Excludes pay for overtime. * Less than 0.05 of X percent. T a ble 3.— Average weekly salaries1fo r selected office occupations in Cleveland, by size o f establishment, March 1949 Average weekly salaries1in— Sex, occupation, and grade Manufacturing establishments with total employment of— 501 or more 251-500 101-250 Wholesale trade establishments Finance, insurance, and real estate estab lishments with total employment of— with total employment of— 251 or more 101-250 26-100 251 or more 101-250 26-100 Women Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B ___ Clerks, accounting.......................................... Clerks, file, class B .___.................................. Clerk-typists................................................... Stenographers, general................................... 1 Excludes pay for overtime. $46.00 47.50 36.50 42.50 47.00 $45.50 42.50 34.50 39.50 48.50 $42.00 45.00 33.00 40.00 48.00 $46.00 36.50 36.50 39.00 43.00 $42.50 42.00 33.50 39.00 46.00 $45.00 46.00 34.50 40.50 45.00 $35.00 (*) 31.50 36.50 41.50 $35.50 39.50 33.00 38.00 45.00 * Insufficient number of workers to justify presentation of an average. $38.50 43.00 30.50 35.50 42.50 CLEVELAN D 7 T able 4.— Scheduled weekly hours o f women in Cleveland offices, March 1949 Percent of workers employed In offices in— Weekly hours All industries1 Manufacturing Wholesale trade Finance, insur ance, and real estate Transportation, communication, and other public utilities All offices employing women............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 35 hnnrs 35 hours............................................................... Over 35 and under 37H hours........................... 37H hours........................................................... Over 37H and under 40 hours........................... 40 hours.............................................................. Over 40 and,under 44 hours _ 44 hours.............................................................. Over 44 and under 48 hnnrs _ 48 hours and ever . _ 1.5 1.3 10.4 7.6 73.6 1.8 3.3 .5 7.6 3.5 85.8 .4 2.7 1.6 7.6 1.5 76.9 3.9 8.5 3.5 6.9 85.7 .6 7.2 .3 20.5 11.7 55.1 1.3 3.3 3.9 5.6 6.2 23.0 24.1 41.1 Services 1Includes data for industry divisions not shown separately. T able 5.— Scheduled days in workweek o f women in Cleveland offices, March 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— All industries1 Manufacturing Wholesale trade Finance, insur ance, and real estate Transportation, communication, and other public utilities 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 86.7 9.5 .5 3.3 93.7 4.0 76.4 22.0 85.8 10.7 3.5 2.3 1.6 85.4 9.8 .2 4.6 80.5 16.2 1.7 1.6 Days in week All offices employing women________________ 5 days - .......... 5 ^ days__ . ___ r_ . . 6 days Other, _. _ _ _ .... _ Services 1Includes data for industry divisions not shown separately. T a ble 6.— Vacations with pay in Cleveland offices, March 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in vocation policy All industries1 All offices studied...................... . Manufacturing Wholesale trade Finance, insur ance, and real estate Transportation, communication, and other public utilities 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 25.1 92.1 2.3 100.0 32.9 100.0 9.3 74.1 .8 89.8 1 year of service Offices with paid vacations___ 1 week................................. Over 1 and under 2 weeks.. 2 weeks................................ Over 2 weeks. .................... 98.7 16.3 .8 81.4 Offices with no paid vacations. . 100.0 1.3 .2 13.1 1.5 85.4 90.7 7.9 2 years of service Offices with paid vacations___ 1 week.................................. Over 1 and under 2 weeks., 2 weeks................................ Over 2 w eeks..................... 100.0 4.7 .6 94.2 100.0 1.1 1.0 97.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 14.1 100.0 7.9 85.1 .8 92.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.2 .8 94.8 5.2 98.7 1.3 78.2 13.0 as 79.6 11.6 Offices with no paid vacations.. 6 years of service Offices with paid vacations. 1 week............................. 2 weeks........................... Over 2 weeks.................. 100.0 .7 97.8 1.5 Offices with no paid vacations. 1 Includes data for industry divisions not shown separately. 100.0 .8 99.2 8.8 SA LAR IE S OF O FFICE W O R K E R S 8 T able 7.— Paid holidays in Cleveland offices, March 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— Number of paid holidays All industries1 Manufacturing Wholesale trade Finance, insur ance, and real estate Transportation, communication, and other public utilities All offices studied............................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Offices providing paid holidays............. ......... Number of holidays: 1 to 5............................................................. 6.................................................................... 7 ..... ........... . ................ 8 .......................................... ........ 0 OH in ii , 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 .1 03.4 3.2 .6 09.7 1.1 92.1 6.8 83.6 74.4 25.3 85.5 (*) .3 Services 14.5 .3 .4 1.6 .7 2.5 9.9 4.0 Offices providing no paid holidays___________ » Includes data for industry divisions not shown separately. * Less than 0.05 of 1 percent. T a b l e 8 . — Nonproduction bonuses in Cleveland offices, March 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— Type of bonus All industries1 Manufacturing Wholesale trade Finance, insur ance, and real estate Transportation, communication, and other public utilities Services All offices studied............................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Offices with nonproduction bonuses................. Christmas or year-end................................. Profit-sharing.. 45.9 42.4 3.5 49.2 47.7 1.5 56.7 43.3 13.4 44.9 43.1 1.8 5.3 5.3 45.9 45.9 Offices with no nonproduction bonuses............ 54.1 50.8 43.3 55.1 94.7 54.1 Includes data for industry divisions not shown separately. 9 CLEVELAND T able 9.— Formal provisions for paid sick leave in Cleveland offices, March 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— All industries1 Manufacturing Wholesale trade Finance, insur ance, and real estate Transportation, communication, and other public utilities 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 36.9 10.9 12.3 7.3 18.7 5.3 6.6 29.7 11.9 13.1 6.6 1.1 4.6 3.9 1.8 1.1 2.3 21.5 todays......................................................... 1? d^ys _ __________________________ dftyg^ „ .. _ _ _ _ 90 days _ Over'20 days __________ ______________ Other periods _________________________ 29.8 6.8 8.7 7.9 .5 3.9 .1 .2 .9 .4 .4 2.5 1.3 .8 2.6 2.9 Offices with no formal provisions for paid sick leave................................................................. 70.2 63.1 81.3 70.3 88.1 86.9 Offices with formal provisions for paid sick leave................................................................. Under 5 days.». 5 d a y s ...._____________ - ______________ 6 d a y s....._______- ___________________ _ 7 days La.-10 days......................................................... 12 days.......................................................... 15 d a y s ....____________________________ 20d a y s - Over 20 days.._________________________ Other periods. 38.8 1.2 8.9 1.0 .5 7.3 7.9 .2 2.9 8.4 .5 43.4 1.0 12.7 1.3 26.7 5.3 5.3 1.2 3.9 9.9 1.1 30.0 52.6 13.1 2.3 6.6 2.9 21.4 1.3 1.1 .8 2.6 43.6 Offices with no formal provisions for paid sick leave................................................................. 61.2 56.6 73.3 70.0 47.4 86.9 Offices with formal provisions for paid sick leave................................................................. Under5 d a y s ... — ___________ 5 days___ - _ __ 6 days___ r _____ 7 days...... r - 10 days.......................................................... 12 d a y s ....____________________________ 15 d a y s .....___________________________ 20 days J. L _ 1 _____ Over 20 days.. _ Other periods.__________________ 41.3 1.2 6.0 1.0 .5 6.5 7.6 1.0 3.7 13.2 .6 43.4 1.0 7.8 1.3 26.7 5.3 5.3 1.2 3.9 3.3 1.1 6.6 30.0 79.9 13.1 2.3 6.6 2.5 21.4 1.3 .4 .8 2.6 72.0 Offices with no formal provisions for paid sick leave................................................................. 58.7 56.6 70.0 20.1 Provisions for paid sick leave All offices studied............................................... Services 6 months of service Offices with formal provisions for paid sick leave................................................................ .... 5 day* - ... Kdays T Ariftyc, .3 1.5 13.1 1 year of service 9.4 6.0 .3 5.1 7.6 6.0 7.1 %years of service 9.6 6.0 .3 6.5 10.9 73.3 6.0 7.1 86.9 i Includes data for industry divisions not shown separately. T able 10.— Insurance and pension plans in Cleveland offices, March 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— Type of plan All industries1 Manufacturing Wholesale trade Finance, insur ance, and real estate Transportation, communication, and other public utilities All offices studied............................................. - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Offices with insurance or pension plans2......... Life insurance.............................................. Health insurance......................................... Retirement pension..................................... Other........................................... - .............. 87.2 79.8 29.8 42.7 35.1 97.6 91.2 36.9 44.2 50.2 81.7 75.1 36.2 13.3 32.4 59.9 43.8 7.1 41.4 .7 84.8 83.1 24.8 77.4 6.7 86.4 82.5 16.5 44.8 24.6 Offices with no insurance or pension plans___ 12.8 2.4 18.3 40.1 15.2 13.6 i Includes data for industry divisions not shown separately. * Unduplicated total. Services M INNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL, APRIL 1949 Salaries Considering the jobs studied in MinneapolisSt. Paul as a group, salaries of individual women office workers ranged from $22.50 to about $85 a week, but about half of the women earned between $33 and $42. Office boys and girls were the lowest paid workers studied, averaging $30 a week. The highest paid women included in the survey were machine bookkeepers (class A bookkeeping-machine operators) averaging $47.50, while general clerks at $57.50 and hand book keepers at $57 were the highest paid men office workers studied. General stenographers, numerically the most important group studied, earned $41 .on the average, and over three-fifths earned between $35 and $45. Among other numerically important jobs for women were clerk-typists at $35 a week; accounting clerks at $40.50; routine typists at $33; and clerks engaged in routine filing at $31.50. Over half the women engaged in the latter job earned between $27.50 and $32.50. Although salaries of office workers in Minneapolis-St. Paul, as in other cities, are generally expressed in monthly or weekly terms, hourly rates were computed to allow for differences in the length of the workweek. On an hourly basis the occupational averages for men studied ranged from 76 cents to $1.46. For women, the corre sponding range was 76 cents to $1.19. The aver age hourly rate for women in half of the jobs was between 95 cents and $1.05. Office workers employed in transportation, communication, and other public utilities had higher average salaries than those in the other industry groups studied. However, these inter industry differences were not found in all jobs. There was no consistent variation in weekly salaries among establishments of different sizes. For all industries combined salary levels appar ently were somewhat higher in Minneapolis than in St. Paul. Considering individual industries, however, in order to exclude the influence of differences in industrial composition between the two cities, there were no consistent and appreciable differences in salary levels except in wholesale 10 trade. In that industry group, as in all industries combined, salaries were somewhat higher on the average in Minneapolis. In the other industry divisions, differences were either relatively small or there was insufficient information to warrant drawing any conclusion.2 Work Schedules Women office workers in the twin cities typically worked a 5-day, 40-hour schedule, although the workweek varied among industries. Nearly half of the workers in finance, insurance, and real estate worked less than 40 hours. The number of days that office workers were scheduled to be on their jobs also varied by industry; about half the retail trade employees worked at least 5}£ days. Paid Vacations All office workers were provided with at least a week’s vacation after a year’s service and over two-thirds were entitled to two or more weeks annually after a year’s service. After 2 years’ service over nine-tenths of Minneapolis-St. Paul office workers received at least 2 weeks of paid vacation. Two-thirds were entitled to some vaca tion after they had been employed 6 months. Paid Holidays Six or more paid holidays were provided by all establishments included in the study. The most common arrangement, covering almost three-fifths of the workers, was for six holidays a year. Holiday practices varied somewhat among in dustries however. Over two-fifths of the workers in finance, insurance, and real estate were provided 11 paid holidays each year. Nonproduction Bonuses Nearly half the workers received some form of nonproduction bonus; usually these extra pay ments were made at Christmas or the year-end. About three out of five workers in retail trade ) Comparisons between the two cities are not advisable in the retail trade :oup since department stores were not included in the data presented for linneapolis. 11 M INNEAPOLIS-ST, PA U L received such a bonus; on the other hand, such payments were rare in transportation, communica tion, and other public utilities. Paid Sick Leave One out of three workers in Minneapolis-St. Paul offices worked under formal provisions for paid sick leave. Again there was considerable variation in benefit provisions among industries, with 10 percent of the workers in the service industries studied covered by such arrangements after a year’s service compared with half of those in retail trade. T able Insurance and Pension Plans Nine out o f 10 office workers were employed by firms with some form of insurance or pension plan in addition to social security. About half of the employees were covered by retirement pension arrangements, but such plans varied in importance among industries. Less than 10 percent of the office workers in the service industries were em ployed where such plans were in effect; in contrast, almost 9 out of 10 in transportation, communica tion, and other public utilities worked in offices with pension arrangements. 1.— Salaries 1 and weekly scheduled hours o f work for selected office occupations in M inneapolis-St Paul, by industry division, A pril 1949 Sex, occupation, and industry division Average— Esti Medimated an Salary range num week of middle Weekly ber 50 percent ly of Weekly sched Hour sala of workers ly uled work salary hours rate r y 3 ers Men Continued 40.0 $1.43 $52.00 $47.00-$69.00 40.5 1.33 52.00 47.00- 59.00 276 181 $57.00 54.00 Bookkeeping-machine op erators, class A ............. 37 54.50 40.0 1.36 51.50 46.00- 59.50 Bookkeeping-machine op erators, class B ............. 70 37.00 38.5 .96 35.50 34.50- 38.00 784 186 321 31 50.50 53.00 47.50 48.00 40.0 39.5 40.0 40.0 98 46.50 39.5 1.18 46.00 42.50- 52.00 134 58.00 40.5 1.43 60.50 44.00- 69.50 Bookkeepers, hand *. Wholesale trade___ Clerks, accounting3 ......... . Manufacturing............... Wholesale trade............. Retail trade4.................. Finance, insurance, and real estate.................... Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities............ 1.26 1.34 1.19 1.20 48.50 52.00 46.00 45.50 43.0045.0042.0041.00- 57.00 59.00 52.00 50.50 39 32.50 38.5 .84 29.00 27.50- 36.00 Clerks, general 3_.............. Manufacturing.............. Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities............ 172 81 57.50 54.00 39.5 40.0 1.46 56.00 49.50- 63.50 1.35 54.00 49.00- 57.50 60 63.00 40.0 1.58 63.50 49.50- 74.00 Clerks, order3....... Manufacturing. _ Wholesale trade.. 355 87 247 52.00 56.00 50.50 40.5 39.5 40.5 1.28 50.50 46.00- 56.00 1.42 58.00 50.00- 62.00 1.25 50.00 46.00- 53.00 52 53.50 39.5 1.35 54.00 42.50- 61.50 301 131 63 30.00 30.00 28.50 39.5 40.0 40.0 .76 29.50 26.50- 32.00 .75 30.00 26.00- 32.00 .71 30.00 27.50- 31.00 67 29.00 39.0 .74 27.50 26.50- 34.00 Clerks, file, class B . Clerks, pay-roll.. Office boy s3...................... Manufacturing.............. Wholesale trade............. Finance, insurance, and real estate................... Women Billers, machine (billing machine)3 ................... Manufacturing.............. Wholesale trade............. Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities............ 288 68 149 38.50 39.00 39.00 40.0 40.0 40.0 .96 37.00 34.50- 41.00 .98 38.00 34.50- 41.00 .98 37.00 34.50- 42.00 31 39.50 40.0 .99 38.50 34.50- 40.50 .84 34.00 32.00- 37.00 .78 32.50 30.00- 34.50 Billers, machine (book keeping machine)3 _ _ Retail trade 4................. 72 43 34.00 32.50 40.5 41.5 Bookkeepers, hand3. Manufacturing____ Retail trade 4......... . Services.................. . 231 52 47 37 45.00 48.00 43.00 45.00 40.0 40.5 41.0 39.0 See footnotes at end o f table. Sex, occupation, and industry division Esti Average— Medi mated an Salary range num week of middle Weekly ber 50 percent of Weekly sched Hour ly sala of workers ly work salary uled rate ry* ers hours 1.13 1.19 1.05 1.15 46.00 48.00 42.00 43.50 41.0046.5037.0041.00- 50.00 51.00 50.00 50.00 Bookkeeping-machine op erators, class A 3......... Manufacturing............... Wholesale trade............. 162 50 70 $47.50 46.50 46.50 Bookkeeping-machine op erators, class B 3......... Manufacturing............... Wholesale trade............. Retail trade 4................. Finance, insurance, and real estate.................... 921 132 363 56 37.50 39.50 38.50 37.00 39.5 40.0 40.0 40.0 .95 .99 .96 .93 345 35.00 39.5 .89 34.50 32.50- 37.00 Calculating-machine op erators (Comptom eter typ e)3.................. Manufacturing............... Wholesale trade............. Retail trade4................. Transportation,commu nication, and other public utilities............ 746 197 370 95 38.00 39.00 37.50 37.50 40.0 39.5 40.0 40.0 .95 .99 .94 .94 42 39.50 40.0 .99 40.50 38.50- 42.00 Calculating-machine op erators (other than Comptometer type) 3_ Manufacturing............... Wholesale trade............. Finance, insurance, and real estate.................... 219 40 66 36.50 34.50 37.50 40.0 40.0 40.0 .91 37.00 33.50- 40.00 .86 34.50 32.00-37.00 .94 36.00 34.50- 40.50 40.0 $1.19 $46.00 $43.50-352.00 40.0 1.16 46.00 40.00- 56.00 40.0 1.16 46.00 46.00- 52.00 37.00 38.00 38.00 35.50 38.00 39.00 36.50 37.00 34.5036.5036.0032.50- 34.5036.5034.5033.00- 40.50 42.00 42.00 40.00 40.50 41.00 40.00 40.50 69 35.00 39.5 Clerks, accounting............ 1,747 Manufacturing.............. 306 252 Wholesale trade............. Retail trade4................. 250 Finance, insurance, and 291 real estate.................... Transportation, commu nication, and other 605 public utilities............ 43 Services.......................... 40.50 41.00 41.50 37.00 40.0 39.0 40.0 40.5 38.50 39.5 .97 37.00 33.00- 41.50 42.50 41.00 40.0 39.5 1.06 41.00 37.50- 48.00 1.04 37.00 34.50- 42.00 221 77 30 39.50 40.50 39.00 39.5 39.0 40.0 1.00 39.00 36.00- 42.00 1.04 40.50 39.00- 42.00 .98 37.00 36.00- 40.00 81 38.50 39.0 .99 39.00 35.50- 40.50 Clerks, file, class B 3......... 1,005 Manufacturing.............. 250 153 Wholesale trade............. Retail trade4................. 81 Finance, insurance, and real estate................... 447 Transportation, com munication, and other 39 public utilities—......... 31.50 33.50 32.50 31.00 39.5 39.5 40.0 41.0 .80 .85 .81 .76 29.50 39.5 .75 29.00 27.50- 31.50 36.00 40.0 .90 36.00 34.00- 36.00 Clerks, file, class A 3......... Manufacturing.............. Wholesale trade............. Finance, insurance, and real estate.................... .89 34.50 32.00-38.00 1.01 1.05 1.04 .91 39.50 40.00 39.50 35.00 31.00 34.00 32.00 30.50 34.50- 44.50 34.50- 46.00 36.50- 46.00 32.00-39.50 28.5032.0030.0029,50- 33.50 35.00 32.50 33.50 12 T able SA LAR IE S OF OFFICE W O R K E R S 1.— Salaries 1 and weekly scheduled hours o f work for selected office occupations in M inneapolis-St. Paul, by industry division , A pril 1949— Continued Sex, occupation, and industry division Esti Average— mated Medi- Salary range num an ber Weekly Hour week of middle 50 percent of Weekly sched ly of workers ly work salary uled rate salary2 ers hours Women—Continued PUfflrs, gonoral 3 . it Manufacturing............... Finance, insurance, and real estate.................... Transportation, communication, and other public utilities............ 490 196 76 $43.50 43.50 40.00 83 43.50 40.0 $1.09 $42.50 $40.00-$46.00 40.0 1.09 42.50 40.00- 46.00 41.0 .98 41.00 34.50- 43.50 39.0 1.12 41.00 44.50 40.00- 49.00 112 46.00 40.0 1.15 Clerks, order >................... Manufacturing............... WhnlAoalA trad a ...... Retail trade4 - - 307 64 78 107 40.00 48.00 40.50 36.50 39.5 39.5 40.0 40.5 1.01 39.50 1.22 45.00 1.01 40.50 .90 37.50 34.5040.5036.5033.50- 42.00 61.00 42.50 39.50 Clerks, pay-roll *............... M ftnnfapfnHng________ Wholesale trade_______ Retail trade 4__________ Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities - - 443 232 93 37 42.00 42.00 41.50 42.00 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.5 1.05 41.00 1.05 40.50 1.04 41.50 1.04 40.00 36.0036.0034.0037.00- 46.00 46.50 47.00 42.50 46 41.50 40.5 1.02 39.50 35.00- 48.50 Clerk-typists..................... 1,981 M anufacturing________ 597 Wholesale trade............. 306 Retail trade 4.................. 67 Finance, insurance, and real estate _______ 773 Transportation, com munication, and other 93 public utilities 145 Services.......................... 35.00 35.50 35.00 33.50 39.5 40.0 40.0 40.0 .89 .89 .88 .84 34.50 39.0 38.00 36.50 39.5 39.0 Office girls * ____________ Manufacturing............... Wholesale trade Retail trade4................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ..... r 42.50- 48.50 34.50 35.00 34.50 33.50 32.00- 37.50 32.50- 38.00 32.00- 37.00 31.00- 36.00 .88 34.00 32.00- 37.00 .96 .94 38.00 35.50 35.00- 41.00 34.50- 38.00 * 349 104 61 26 30.00 30.50 32.50 30.50 39.5 39.5 40.0 40.0 135 28.00 39.0 Stenographers, general— 2,439 M anufacturing___ 627 Wholesale tradA 544 Ttetoil tradA 4 228 Finance, insurance, and real estate 617 Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities 258 Services.......................... 165 41.00 41.00 41.00 39.00 39.5 40.0 40.0 40.5 1.04 40.50 1.03 41.50 1.03 40.50 .96 38.00 36.5036.5036.5035.50- 40.00 39.0 1.03 40.00 34.50- 44.00 44.50 41.00 40.0 39.0 1.11 43.00 1.05 41.00 39.00- 49.50 37.50- 44.00 .76 29.00 .77 29.00 .81 32.00 .76 29.50 27.50- 32.00 28.00- 32.50 27.50- 36.00 29.50- 31.00 .72 26.00- 29.00 27.50 * Excludes pay for overtime. * Value above and below which half of workers’ salaries fell* 44.50 45.00 46.00 41.00 Sex, occupation, and industry division Wojncn—Continued Stenographers, technical •. ’M’s.nufantnring Finance, insurance, and rp.al estate. _______ Esti Average— Medi Salary range mated num an of middle ber Weekly Hour week 50 percent of Weekly sched ly of workers ly salary2 work salary uled ers hours rate 189 54 $46.00 45.00 39.5 $1.16 $45.00 $41.00-$50.50 39.5 1.14 42.50 39.00- 51.00 58 46.50 39.0 1.19 272 48 32 38.50 41.00 34.00 40.0 40.0 40.5 .96 37.00 34.00- 42.00 1.03 40.00 36.00- 43.00 .84 32.00 30.00- 36.50 86 36.00 39.5 51 28 45.50 34.50 40 0 40.0 440 176 135 38 37.00 38.50 36 50 36.00 39.5 39*5 40.0 41.0 .94 [97 91 188 37.00 32.0027.50 34! 0037.00 32.0033! 50 31. 00- 49 35.50 39.0 .91 35.00 31.00- 37.00 27 37.50 37.5 1.00 38.00 35.00- 40.00 686 254 185 38.00 39 50 38.50 39.5 39 5 40.0 .96 37.00 35.00- 41.00 1.00 39 00 36.00- 41.50 !96 37! 00 36! 00- 40. 50 192 36.50 39.0 .94 36.00 32.00- 41.50 342 116 39.00 38.50 39.5 39.5 .99 38.00 36.00- 41.00 .97 38.00 37.00- 40.50 120 37.50 39.0 .96 37 27 42.50 39.50 39.5 39.0 1 08 42 00 37. OO- 46.50 i!o i 38! 00 36! 50- 44.00 Typists, class B 3 1,026 MAniifafttiiring 172 Wholesale trade_______ 261 Finance, insurance, and real estate___________ 285 Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities 63 Services.......................... 171 33.00 34.50 33.50 39.5 39.5 40.0 .84 32.00 30.50- 36.00 .87 34.00 32.00- 36.50 .84 36.50 30.50- 36.50 31.50 39.5 .80 36.50 32.00 40.0 39.0 .91 37.50 34 50- 39 50 .82 32.00 31.00- 33.50 Switchboard operators Manufacturing.............. Retail trade4................. Finance, insurance, and real estate.................... Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities Services______ ______ Switchboard-o p e r a t o r receptionists • ______ Manufacturing________ Wholesale trade______ Retail trade4................. Finance, insurance, and real estate___________ Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities_______ Transcribing-m achine operators, general •— Manufacturing________ Wholesale trade............. Finance, insurance, and real estate.__________ Typists, class A • .............. Manufacturing________ Finance, insurance, and real estate___________ Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities..... Services.......................... .91 45.00 41.50- 51.00 34.50 32.00- 39.00 1.14 48 00 41 50- 49.00 .86 34.50 31.00- 36.00 40.00 40.50 39.50 39! 50 37.00 34.50- 40.50 30.50 29.50- 32.50 • Includes data for industry divisions not shown separately. 4 Except Minneapolis department stores. 13 M INNEAPOLIS-ST. PA U L T a b l e 2 . — Percentage distribution o f workers in selected office occupations, by^weekly salaries 1in Minneapolis-St. Pault A pril 1949 Percent of women— Percent of men— Weekly salaries1 Bookkeeping-ma- Clerks, Book Clerks, chine keepers. opera account general ing hand tors, class B Clerks, order Clerks, pay-roll TTr^ftr $90 00 $90 00-$99..4Q $99 fiO-$94.09 Office boys Calcu BookBookCalcu latingkeepkeepBillers, Billers, lating- machine ma machine Book ing-ma- ing-ma- machine operators chine (book chine chine opera operators (other (billing keeping keepers, opera than hand (Comp tors, tors, ma ma tometer Comp class class chine) chine) tometer type) B A type) 2.7 3.3 $25 00-$27.49 $27.50-$29.99................. $30.66-$32.49................. $32.50-$34.99................. $35.00-$37.49................ 11.6 19.3 28.5 22.6 12.3 5.0 35.7 2.9 4.3 1.4 5.5 8.0 11.5 14.9 3.7 2.9 4.1 6.4 8.1 7.6 3.1 5.9 17.5 10.4 1.9 1.9 5.8 7.7 1.9 $50 00-$59 40 $52 50-$54 99 $55 00-$57.49 . $57 50-$59.99 $00 00-$fi9 40 17.1 7.2 1.4 8.3 2.2 2.9 14.4 4.1 4.3 5.2 5.5 3.5 10.5 11.6 11.6 6.4 22.7 4.8 6.5 .8 13.5 3.8 23.2 1.9 5.8 11.6 7.6 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.9 .7 1.4 1.1 13.8 .4 1.8 2.4 2.9 2.0 1.9 1.5 3.5 2.9 7.0 2.9 1.7 $75 00_$70 00 $00 00— 00 $04 $05 00- $R0 00 $90.00-$94.99. ............ $95.00-$99.99.............. $100.00 and over______ 2.2 .4 4.7 .7 .7 .8 1.1 .6 .8 .1 .3 4.1 2.9 2.3 Total .3 13.6 16.8 6.8 4.9 .2 17.0 18.5 8.0 4.3 3.8 10.0 25.6 6.8 1.4 20.3 2.6 .9 3.9 .3 3.8 1.7 $A2 50-$04 00 $05 on-$07 40 $07 5fl-$09.99 $70.00-$72.49................. $79 50-$74 00 8.6 11.1 4.3 29.7 4.3 17.9 7.4 3.1 6.2 3.7 .7 .3 .9 .5 6.9 5.6 1.8 5.8 1.4 15.9 9.4 _ 3.5 21.2 9.5 20.3 5.6 13.9 17.1 4.2 5.2 1.7 $37.50-$39.99................. $40.00-$42.49................. $42.50~$44.99................. $45 00-$47.49 $47 50-$49.99 5.6 .7 1.2 2.5 0.9 6.4 15.5 13.7 19.2 3.5 1.3 .9 6.1 4.1 5.2 7.7 3.2 5.9 16.9 21.4 12.4 15.3 26.4 33.4 1.1 .4 2.3 2.3 3.9 11.1 16.9 24.8 3.8 9.7 15.3 22.3 2.9 28.5 21.4 .3 .1 .4 3.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Estimated number of workers 276 70 784 172 355 52 301 288 72 231 162 921 746 219 Average weekly sala ries1____ _ . $57.00 $37.00 $50.50 $57.50 $52.00 $53.50 $30.00 $38.50 $34.00 $45.00 $47.50 $37.50 $38.00 $36.50 1 Excludes pay for overtime. 4$------3 14 SA LA R IE S OF OFFICE W O R K ER S T able 2.— Percentage distribution o f workers in selected office occupations by weekly salaries 1in Minneapolis-St. Paul, A pril 1949 — Continued Percent of women- Weekly salaries1 Clerks, Clerks, Clerks, Clerks, Clerks, Clerks, Clerkac file, file, pay count class A class B general order typists roll ing TTndftr $20.00 _ $20.00-$22.49.......................... $?2r /?0-$24 O ____ _____ fl 0.1 0.1 $25.00-$27.49.......................... $27.50-$29.99.......................... $30.00-$32.49.......................... $32.50-$34.99.......................... $35.00-$37.49.......................... .1 3.4 10.6 12.8 13.1 0.9 7.2 10.9 17.6 10.7 30.6 26.7 17.7 9.1 $37.50-$39.99.......................... $40.00-$42.49.......................... $42.50-144.99.......................... $4S O — 4Q O $47 $47.50-$49.99.......................... 13.0 11.8 10.8 5.2 5.1 15.8 24.4 14.9 .5 3.2 3.5 6.8 L6 .6 .7 1.4 .1 .7 $S0 00-$K2 49 $f»2 f»0-$fi4 99 $SS 00-$S7.49 $S7 f50-$S9 99 $fiO00-$«2 49 ____ _______ ____ _ $fi9.RO-$fi4 99 ___________ $fifi 0ft-$fi7 49 _ $07 fi0-$fi9 99 $70.00-$72.49.......................... $72 00-$74 99 Switch- TranscribStenog Stenog Switch boardT yp Office raphers, raphers, board opera- ing-ma- T yp ists, ists, chine girls general techni opera tor-re- opera class A class B tors ception- tors, cal ists general 0.6 0.6 1.6 2.3 4.3 6.5 8.8 14.7 8.5 7.7 6.8 17.8 1.0 8.5 20.1 21.5 22.8 19.8 48.6 11.5 8.9 4.0 10.4 29.2 20.0 10.6 6.9 14.0 23.7 4.2 2.9 5.2 7.0 18.6 12.2 7.2 6.5 12.4 9.2 2.2 1.0 .5 1.7 4.9 .6 5.2 1.0 7.0 2.3 2.9 2.5 1.1 .1 .9 4.9 3.1 2.0 2.7 .2 .5 1.2 2.0 2.6 1.8 .5 .1 .1 1.8 3.3 1.0 3.5 6.6 13.7 27.7 5.8 12.6 21.9 15.4 16.2 15.3 10.7 4.5 5.3 16.5 16.9 14.8 10.6 10.3 11.8 8.1 2.9 9.2 18.0 11.4 5.7 4.1 1.6 13.1 17.5 5.7 6.3 2.5 24.3 18.4 5.0 6.4 .6 16.9 1.1 6.9 2.1 .5 1.1 1.5 .4 .4 .7 2.5 .2 .9 .9 .6 4.7 .3 .1 <*) (2) .2 .2 0.2 .7 24.5 13.2 17.3 4.6 1.5 .8 .4 .3 .1 2.1 4.2 2.6 17.2 22.0 11.4 1.6 100.0 100.0 1.8 4.3 9.3 14.6 .5 $70 00-$79 99 $fi0 00-$R4 99 $«S00-$»999 $90.00-$94.99______________ $95.00-$99.99.......................... $100.00 and nvnr . ___ _ .2 .2 1.3 21.4 27.4 20.3 18.6 8.1 2.4 .3 .2 .2 .4 .2 (2 ) Total........................... 100.0 E stim a te d nu m ber of workers........................... 1,747 221 1,005 490 307 443 1,981 349 2,439 189 272 440 686 342 1,026 Average weekly salaries1___ $40.50 $39.50 $31.50 $43.50 $40.00 $42.00 $35.00 $30.00 $41.00 $46.00 $38.50 $37.00 $38.00 $39.00 $33.00 >Excludes pay for overtime. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * Less than 0.05 of 1 percent. 100.0 100.0 100.0 15 MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PA U L T able 3.— Average weekly salaries 1 far selected office occupations in M inneapolis-St . Paul , by city and industry division9 A pril 1949 Sex, occupation, and industry division MinneapolisSt. Paul Minne apolis St. Paul Minne apolisSt. Paul Minne apolis St. Paul Women—Continued Men Bookkeepers, hand *............................... Wholesale trade................................... $57.00 54.00 $57.00 53.50 $56.50 55.00 Clerks, accounting 2............................... Manufacturing ______ _ __ Wholesale t.rade_ Finance, insurance, and real estate__ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities........................ 50.50 53.00 47.50 46.50 52.00 51.50 49.00 49.50 48.50 56.50 45.50 43.50 50.00 65.00 51.50 Clerks, general 2 _ _ Manufacturing. ______ ___ _ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. ___ 57.50 54.00 56.00 54.50 61.00 63.00 60.00 65.50 Clerks, order 8 __ __ ___ _ __ Manufacturing Wholesale trade___ 52.00 56.00 50.50 52.00 53.50 51.50 52.00 57.50 46.00 Office boys *............................................ Manufacturing________________ ___ Wholesale trade___ 30.00 30.00 28.50 31.00 30.50 31.00 29.00 29.50 27.00 "Billers, machine (billing machine)* Manufacturing.................................... Wholesale trade................................... 38.50 39.00 39.00 39.50 39.50 42.00 36.50 Bookkeeping-machine operators, class R2 Manufacturing ______ Wholesale trade................................... Finance, insurance, and real estate.. 37.50 39.50 38.50 35.00 37.00 39.00 38.50 34.50 Calculating-machine operators (Comp tometer type)2.................................. Manufacturing___ ___ _____ __ Wholesale trade______ ____ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities........................ 38.00 39.00 37.50 38.50 39.00 38.00 39.50 38.50 Calculating-machine operators (other than Comptometer ty p e )2 .............. Wholesale trade_________ _ Finance, insurance, and real estate__ 36.50 37.50 35.00 38.50 (3) 36.50 35.00 37.00 34.00 Clerks, accounting................................. Manufacturing.................................... Wholesale trade____________ Retail trade 4 Finance, insurance, and real estate__ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities........................ Services 40.50 41.00 41.50 37.00 38.50 41.50 41.50 42.00 38.50 39.00 37.50 39.00 38.50 34.50 37.00 42.50 41.00 42.50 43.00 42.00 (3 ) Clerks, file, class A 2.............................. Manufacturing................................... Finance, insurance, and real estate__ 39.50 40.50 38.50 39.50 40.00 38.50 39.50 40.50 (3 ) Clerks, file, class B * Manufacturing _ __ _ Wholesale trade__ Retail trade 4 ....................................... Finance, insurance, and real estate__ 31.50 33.50 32.50 31.00 29.50 31.50 33.00 33.50 (3 ) 29.50 31.50 34.00 31.00 31.50 29.50 Clerks, general *_________ _____ ___ Manufacturing.................................... Finance, insurance, and real estate__ 43.50 43.50 43.50 43.50 43.50 44.50 44.00 44.00 (3 ) (3 ) Women (3 ) 34.50 38.00 (3 ) 38.50 36.50 37.50 39.50 36.00 (3 ) i Excludes pay for overtime. * Indues data for industry divisions not shown separately. The retail trade group in Minneapolis excludes data for department stores. Sex, occupation, and industry division Clerks, general2 —Continued Transportation, communication, and other public utilities........................ $46.00 $48.50 $45.00 Clerks, order2.......... .................. .......... Manufacturing____________________ Wholesale trade.................................. Retail trade4....................................... 40.00 48.00 40.50 36.50 40.50 46.00 44.50 35.00 39.50 (8 ) 35.00 37.00 Clerks, pay-roll2..................................... Manufacturing.................................... Wholesale trade................................... Transportation, communication, and other public utilities........................ 42.00 42.00 41.50 43.00 42.50 46.50 40.00 41.50 36.00 41.50 39.50 Clerk-typists2........................................ Manufacturing.................................... Wholesale trade................................. . Finance, insurance, and real estate__ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities........................ Services__________________________ 35.00 35.50 35.00 34.50 35.00 35.00 37.00 33.50 35.00 36.00 34.00 35.00 38.00 36.50 40.50 37.00 37.00 34.00 Office girls2 ............................................. Manufacturing.................................... Wholesale trade.................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate__ 30.00 30.50 32.50 28.00 30.00 30.50 33.50 28.00 29.50 (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) Stenographers, general........................... Manufacturing.................................... Wholesale trade................................... Retail trade 4...................... ................ Finance, insurance, and real estate__ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities........................ Services................................................ 41.00 41.00 41.00 39.00 40.00 41.00 41.00 41.50 39.50 40.00 41.00 41.50 40.50 36.50 39.50 44.50 41.00 44.50 41.50 44.00 (3 ) Switchboard operators2............... ......... Manufacturing................................... Finance, insurance, and real estate__ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities........................ 38.50 41.00 36.00 38.50 39.00 36.50 38.00 (3 ) 35.50 45.50 46.00 (3 ) Switchboard-operator-receptionists2. . . Manufacturing.................................... Wholesale trade................................... Finance, insurance, and real estate__ 37.00 38.50 36.50 35.50 38.00 38.50 37.50 37.00 Transcribing-machine operators, gen eral 2 --............................................... Manufacturing......... .......................... Wholesale trade. ................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate__ 38.00 39.50 38.50 36.50 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 37.00 39.50 37.50 34.50 Typists, class A 2.................................... Manufacturing____________________ Finance, insurance, and real estate__ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities........................ 39.00 38.50 37.50 39.00 38.00 37.50 38.50 39.00 (3 ) 42.50 46.50 (3 ) Typists, class B *...................... ............. Manufacturing .................................... Wholesale trade......... ......................... Finance, insurance, and real estate... Transportation, communication, and other public utilities........................ Services_______ _______ _______ ____ 33.00 34.50 33.50 31.50 33.00 34.50 34.00 31.00 36.50 32.00 37.00 32.00 (3 ) 35.50 38.50 35.00 0 32.50 34.00 32.50 31.50 0 (3 ) * Insufficient number of workers to justify presentation of an average. 4 Includes data for department stores in St. Pauli but excludes department stores in Minneapolis. 16 SA LA R IE S OF OFFICE W O RKERS T able 4.— Average weekly salaries1fo r women in selected office occupations in M inneapolis-St. Paul , by size of establishment, A pril 1949 Average weekly salaries1in— Manufacturing establishments with total employment of— Occupation and grade 501 or more Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B ......... Calculating-machine operators (Comptometer 251-500 101-250 $39.50 $41.50 38.50 44.00 33.50 42.50 36 00 40.50 38.50 33.50 Clerks, accounting.............................................. Clerks, file, class B ............................................. Clerks, pay-roll................................................... Clerk-typists....................................................... Stenographers, general....................................... Transcribing-machine operators, general-........ Typists, class B.................................................. 40.00 39.50 35.00 41.50 35.50 40.50 40.50 251 or more $39.00 0 0 * Excludes pay for overtime. Wholesale establishments with total employment of— 101-250 $37.00 $35.50 39.50 31.00 0 0 37.50 39.00 34.00 $39.00 38.50 43.50 31.50 41.50 33.00 40.50 38.50 32.50 0 41.00 33.50 42.50 35.00 42.50 38.50 35.00 26-100 37.50 41.50 34.00 41.00 36.50 42.00 38.00 35.00 * Insufficient number of workers to justify presentation of an average. T a ble 5.— Scheduled weekly hours of women in Minneapolis-St. Paul offices, A pril 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— Weekly hours All industries All offices employing women. 100.0 Under 35 hours........................ 35 hours— ............................. Over 35 and under 37*4 hours. 37*$ hours....... .......... ............ Over 37*$ and under 40 hours. 40 hours.......... ......................... Over 40 and under 44 hours... 44 hours................. ...... ........... Over 44 and under 48 hours__ 48 hours and over.................... 0.5 1.7 6.1 13.4 75.2 1.9 .6 Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail trade 100.0 6.7 8.7 84.2 .4 100.0 100.0 96.8 2.0 2.7 5.3 72.3 15.1 4.6 Transportation, Finance, insur communication, ance, and real and other estate public utilities 100.0 100.0 1.5 5.6 8.3 32.8 51.8 Services 0.3 .5 2.6 90.1 100.0 26.1 7.8 64.4 6.5 * Excludes department stores in Minneapolis. T a ble 6.— Scheduled days in workweek of women in M inneapolis-St. Paul offices, A pril 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— Finance, insur Transportation, All industries Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail trade 1 ance, and real communication, and other estate public utilities Days in week Services _ _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 5 days.*______________________________ R*$days.. _ _ _ fldays., .... other ....... _ 83.9 9.6 5.9 .6 98.2 1.8 94.5 2.5 3.0 46.1 47.4 1.2 5.3 73.2 9.2 17.3 .3 93.2 6.8 86.7 13.3 All offices employing women. 1 Excludes department stores in Minneapolis. MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAU L 17 T able 7.— Vacations with pay in M inneapolis-St. Paul offices, A pril 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— Vacation policy All industries Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail trade i All offices studied........... ......................... Transportation, Finance, insur communication, ance, and real and other estate public utilities Services 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 29.7 .4 67.4 2.5 100.0 25.4 1.3 68.7 4.6 100.0 38.9 100.0 84.7 100.0 2.3 100.0 67.6 100.0 26.8 58.3 2.8 15.3 96.3 1.4 32.4 69.3 3.9 100.0 9.1 .4 87.2 3.3 100.0 15.0 1.3 77.1 6.6 100.0 14.3 100.0 22.3 100.0 100.0 2.7 100.0 .2 82.9 2.8 77.7 98.6 1.4 97.3 90.9 8.9 100.0 1.5 91.9 6.6 100.0 3.4 89.5 7.1 100.0 1.8 95.4 2.8 100.0 100.0 93.7 6.3 93.8 6.2 100.0 1.9 98.1 100.0 .2 65.8 34.0 1 year of service Offices with paid vacations_____________ 1 week..*.___________________ _____ Over 1 and under 2 weeks__________ 2 weeks................ ................... ............. Over 2 weeks_____________ _________ Offices with no paid vacations.................. £ years of service Offices with paid vacationer __ 1 week____________________________ Over 1 and under 2 weeks__________ 2 weeks. ______ ____________________ Over 2 weeks______________________ Offices with no paid vacations__________ 5 years of service Offices with paid vacations........................ 1 week______________ _______ ______ 2 weeks___________________________ Over 2 weeks.......... ................. ......... Offices with no paid vacations.................. 1 Excludes department stores in Minneapolis. T a b l e 8 . — Paid holidays in M inneapolis-St. Paul offices, A pril 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— Number of paid holidays All industries Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail trade i Transportation, Finance, insur communication, ance, and real and other estate public utilities Services All offices studied....................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Offices providing paid holidays................. Number of holidays: 6............................................................ 6H......................................................... 7............................................................ 7J4............................................... ......... 8............................................................ 8H........................................ - .............. 9 ........................................................... 10........................................................... 1 1 ......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 57.2 5.9 7.7 1.8 4.7 5.2 2.2 .8 14.5 85.2 .6 68.3 2.7 9.2 1.8 2.4 88.1 4.3 2.5 12.3 14.7 3.7 2.7 11.6 5.8 7.5 46.2 5.6 48.2 87.7 2.2 Offices providing no paid holidays______ i Excludes department stores in Minneapolis. 848571— 49------- 4 2.1 12.1 4.1 11.5 5.1 41.7 10.1 SA LAR IES OF O FFICE W O RKERS 18 T able 9.— Nonproduction bonuses in Minneapolis-St. Paul offices, A pril 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— Type of bonus AH industries Manufacturing All offices studied _ _ _ Wholesale trade Transportation, Finance, insur communication, Retail trade 1 ance, and real and other estate public utilities Services 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Offices with nonproduction bonuses_____ Christmas or year-end_______________ Profit-sharing Other _ 47.5 41.6 4.5 1.4 52.0 37.7 14.3 48.5 44.8 61.0 61.0 52.5 49.0 1.3 2.2 3.5 3.5 52.1 52.1 Offices with no nonproduction bonuses... 52.5 48.0 51.5 39.0 47.5 96.5 47.9 3.7 * Excludes department stores in Minneapolis. T able 10. — Formal provisions for paid sick leave in Minneapolis-St. Paul offices, A pril 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— Provisions for paid sick leave All industries All offices studied...................................... 100.0 Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail trade 1 100.0 100.0 100.0 32.5 4.8 19.4 3.4 32.7 6.7 12.5 9.9 35.2 3.4 30.6 1.2 3.1 3.6 Finance, insur Transportation, ance, and real communication, and other public utilities 100.0 100.0 Services 100.0 6 months of service Offices with formal provisions for paid sick leave................................................. Under 5 days...................................... . 5 days.................................................. . 6 days.................................................. . 7 days.................................................. 10 days................................................ 12 days................................................ 15 days................................................ . 20 days................................................ Over 20 days........................................ Other periods...................................... 30.5 3.0 13.8 5.7 .4 4.3 .2 25.8 43.1 6.1 2.6 6.7 24.9 6.8 3.8 ~6."i 9.3 .4 'i . T 1.1 1.6 1.1 4.7 5.7 1.9 Offices with no formal provisions for paid sick leave................................................. 67.5 67.3 64.8 74.2 56.9 34.2 34.8 36.4 50.1 29.6 43.1 6.5 3.3 .4 10.8 5.2 4.1 9.1 2.8 8.4 5.4 23.0 19.5 7.9 9.9 2.5 93.9 1 year of service Offices with formal provisions for paid sick leave................................................. Under 5 days...................................... . 5 days.................................................. . 6 days.................................................. . 7 days................................................... 10 days................................................. 12 days................................................. 15 days................................................ . 20 days................................................ . Over 20 days........................................ Other periods........... ......................... . Information not available.................. Offices with no formal provisions for paid sick leave................................................ . .2 11.1 2.9 8.0 1.2 2.4 "3.8 11.5 6.7 6.1 3.8 26.7 1.2 10.4 * “< U 4.3 1.6 .6 1.5 .9 65.8 15.2 63.6 49.9 70.4 56.9 34.9 34.8 6.4 2.1 29.6 49.1 10.4 3.5 3.1 .4 9.8 4.4 3.4 1.0 6.1 4.0 2.2 8.4 5.4 "3.8 "< U 7.5 .9 5.7 1.5 13.0 6.2 9.9 1.7 1.2 5.1 1.1 4.2 5.7 1.9 19.6 S years of service Offices with formal provisions for paid sick leave................................................. Under 5 days........................................ 5 days................................................... 6 days................................................... 7 days.................................................. . 10 days................................................. 12 days................................................ . 15 days................................................ . 20 d ays................................................ Over 20 days........................................ Other periods......... ............................ Information not available................... Offices with no formal provisions for paid sick leave................................................. >Excludes department stores in Minneapolis. .2 65.2 3.6 5.7 6.7 4.7 2.0 1.1 ” i."2 3.0 65.1 19.5 32.6 9.4 63.6 47.9 70.4 3.8 26.7 1.2 11.7 1.9 50.9 4.3 PORTLAND, OREG. T able 19 11.— Insurance and pension plans in M inneapolis-St . Paul offices, A pril 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— Type of plan All industries Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail trade 1 Transportation, Finance, insur communication, ance, and real and other estate public utilities Services All offices studied....................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Offices with insurance or pension plans 3_. Life insurance....................................... Health insurance.................................. Retirement pension............................. Other.................................................... 90.2 81.7 35.3 50.1 56.4 93.8 88.6 57.0 36.1 62.2 90.7 76.6 31.3 33.1 52.7 58.4 48.5 36.0 35.9 37.2 97.6 89.1 21.5 74.6 80.1 97.8 88.2 36.4 87.2 10.1 53.3 53.3 3.1 8.1 14.8 Offices with no insurance or pension plans. 9.8 6.2 9.3 41.6 2.4 2.2 46.7 1 Excludes department stores in Minneapolis. * Unduplicated total. PORTLAND, OREG., FEBRUARY 1949 Salaries Weekly salaries of Portland office workers were highest for hand bookkeepers and lowest for office boys and girls in February 1949. Women hand bookkeepers averaged $60 a week, as compared with an average of $70.50 for men in this position. Office boys and girls averaged $34 and $35, respectively. Women general stenographers, nu merically the most important occupational group studied, received an average of $45 weekly. Men were most frequently employed as order clerks and accounting clerks. Average salaries for these two jobs were $60 and $58.50, respectively. On an hourly basis, occupational averages for women ranged from 88 cents to $1.51. For 18 of the 21 jobs studied, average rates were $1 or more. Hourly rates for men’s jobs ranged from 85 cents to $1.77. Among individual women workers in the lower paid jobs, salaries generally fell within a range of $30 or less but there were greater differences in individual salaries in some of the higher paid posi tions. The lowest paid women hand bookkeepers received $37.50 but top salaries for women in this job were about $95. In each occupation studied, except that of hand bookkeepers, at least half of the women had weekly earnings varying by no more than $10. M ore than half of the general stenog raphers in Portland received salaries between $40 and $47.50. Explanation of variations in the salaries of individual workers lies partly in differences in rate structure among Portland industries. Examina tion of average salaries, job by job, among the six broad industry groups studied shows definite earnings advantages in some industry groups. Generally, highest rates were found in wholesale trade; manufacturing; and the transportation, communication, and other public utilities groups. There was no evidence that size of establishment had a consistent influence on interoffice differences in rates. Differences in length of service and simi lar factors help to explain the range in individual salaries within occupations. Work Schedules Nine of every 10 women employed in Portland offices had a scheduled workweek of 40 hours. The 5-day week was also generally in effect but was less widespread than the 40-hour week. A number of establishments in retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and in transportation, communication, and other public utilities observed 5K- and 6-day weekly schedules for office employ ees. For example, in offices of retail trade firms the 40-hour week was universal, but for offices with over two-fifths of the employees the weekly schedule called for 5% or 6 days of work. Weekly schedules under 40 hours were confined chiefly to finance, insurance, and real estate; and were found to a lesser extent in transportation, communica tion, and other public utilities. SALAR IES OF OFFICE W O RKERS 20 Paid Vacations Paid-vacation provisions were universal for office workers in Portland. Vacations of 2 weeks' duration after 1 year of service were in force for three-fifths of the workers, while most of the re maining employees were granted 1 week after this amount of service. Vacation plans were most liberal in finance, insurance, and real estate estab lishments. After 5 years of service almost all offices allowed 2-week vacations, but few provided for vacations of longer periods. Paid Holidays All but a negligible number of Portland office workers received paid holidays. The typical arrangement was for six holidays a year, although in some industries more liberal provisions were the rule— notably in the finance, insurance, and real estate; and the transportation, communica tion, and other public utilities groups. In the former, three-fifths of the employees observed 10 or 11 holidays each year; and in the latter, firms with about four-fifths of office employment allowed 7 or 8 holidays. Nonproduction Bonuses One in every four workers was employed in an office that supplemented basic pay with a non production bonus. Almost without exception the bonus was a Christmas or year-end payment. Bonus payments were most prevalent in manu facturing. Offices accounting for almost twothirds of the employees in this group had some type of bonus plan. Paid Sick Leave About one-fifth of the workers were employed in offices having formal provisions for sick leave with pay after 1 year of service. Time allowances varied widely among companies, from 5 to more than 20 days annually. The most typical arrange ments were for 10 to 15 days. In offices with formal plans, most workers were eligible for sick leave after only 6 months of service. Such plans were most notable in retail trade and transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Insurance and Pension Plans Offices employing about three-fourths of Portland office workers provided some type of insurance or pension plan for which the firms paid at least part of the premiums. Such plans were most prevalent in the finance, insurance, and real estate; and the transportation, communication, and other public utility groups. Retirement pensions (in addition to Federal old-age and survivors insurance) also covered a high proportion of employees in these industries. T a b l e 1.— Salaries 1 and weekly scheduled hours of work for selected office occupations in Portland, Oreg.f by industry division, February 1949 Sex, occupation, and industry division Average Esti Medi mated an Salary range num of middle Weekly Hour week 50 percent ber ly of Weekly sched sala of workers ly uled work salary hours rate r y 3 ers Men Bookkeepers, hand *......... Manufacturing.............. Men—Continued 76 26 $70.50 73.00 40.0 $1.77 $72.50 $60.00-$75.50 40.0 1.83 75.00 63.50- 75.50 Clerks, accounting3.......... Manufacturing.............. Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities............ 208 68 58.50 56.50 39.5 39.0 1.47 55.50 52.00- 64.50 1.45 54.00 51.00- 57.50 43 58.50 40.0 1.47 57.50 52.00- 63.50 Clerks, general3. . ............ Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities............ 75 59.50 40.0 1.49 61.00 52.00- 67.00 Clerks, order3................... Manufacturing.............. Wholesale trade............. Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities............ 46 59.50 40.0 1.49 60.00 51.00- 69.00 328 50 245 60.00 53.00 61.50 40.0 39.5 40.0 1.50 57.50 52.00- 63.50 1.33 55.00 45.00- 58.50 1.54 57.50 52.00- 65.50 25 61.00 40.0 1.52 60.50 56.00- 65.50 See footnotes at end of table. Sex, occupation, and industry division Esti Average Medi mated an Salary range num ber Weekly Hour week of middle 50 percent ly of Weekly sched sala of workers ly work salary uled rate r y 3 ers hours Clerks, pay-roll................. 28 $63.00 Office boys3...................... Manufacturing.............. 68 29 34.00 30.00 40.0 39.5 .85 32.00 28.00- 37.00 .75 28.00 28.00- 30.00 147 61 42.00 42.00 40.0 40.0 1.05 42.00 40.00- 44.50 1.05 41.50 40.00- 43.50 49 45.00 40.0 1.13 43.00 42.00- 49.50 1.11 45.00 40.00- 49.00 1.51 57.50 50.00- 69.00 1.59 60.00 55.50- 69.00 1.43 57.50 47.00- 63.50 39.5 $1.59 $63.50 $54.00-$73.00 Women Billers, machine (billing machine)3.................... Wholesale trade............. Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities............ Billers, machine (book keeping machine)....... Bookkeepers, hand3......... Manufacturing............ Wholesale trade............. Finance, insurance, and real estate.................... 85 44.50 40.0 177 39 83 60.00 63.50 57.00 40.0 40.0 40.0 26 65.00 39. o: 1.66 69.00 52.00- 73.50 21 PO RTLAN D , OREO, T able 1.— Salaries 1 and weekly scheduled hours o f work for selected office occupations in Portland , Oreg., by industry division , February 1949— Continued Sex, occupation, and industry division Average— Esti mated num Weekly Hour ber of Weekly sched ly uled work salary hours rate ers Median week Salary range of middle ly sala 50 percent of workers ry3 Sex, occupation, and industry division Average— Esti mated num Weekly Hour ber of Weekly sched ly uled work salary hours rate ers Medi an Salary range week of middle 50 percent ly sala of workers ry3 Women—Continued Women—Continued B ookkeeping-m achine mprlrsJnrder 3 Wholesale trade............. 115 40 $43.00 45.00 Clerks, pay-roll3 ________ Manufacturing.............. Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities______ 201 74 47.00 49.00 40.0 40.0 30 49.50 39.5 1.25 49.00 45.00- 53.00 Clerk-typists3__________ Manufacturing Wholesale trad a Retail trade................... Finance, insurance, and real estate.................... Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities............ 580 117 152 34 39.50 42.00 41.50 37.50 40.0 39.5 40.0 40.0 1.00 1.06 1.04 .94 217 37.00 39.5 .93 37.00 34.50- 39.00 1.09 43.00 40.50- 47.00 40.0 $1.23 $48.50 $47.00-$52.00 60 $49.00 Wholesale trade_______ 375 119 36 44.50 48.50 44.00 40.0 40.0 40.0 1.11 43.50 40.50- 47.00 1.21 50.00 42.50- 54.00 1.10 45.00 44.00- 46.00 Finance, insurance, and real estate______ - ___ 180 41.00 40.0 1.03 42.50 38.00- 44.50 528 100 259 106 46.00 45.50 48.50 41.00 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 1.15 1.14 1.21 1.03 31 43.50 40.0 1.08 43.50 37.50- 47.0 Bookkeeping-machine op- Calculating-machine oper ators (Comptometer Manufacturing ______ Finance, insurance, and 45.00 44.00 46.00 40.50 42.0042.5043.5036.00- 50.00 48.50 54.00 46.00 Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities 32 47.50 39.5 1.20 47.50 43.00- 51.50 Calculating-machine oper ators (other than CompfAITlAtor 33 41.50 40.0 1.03 40.50 40.00- 46.00 Clerks accounting 3 Manufacturing.............. Wholesale trade ... Retail trade___________ Finance, insurance, and real estate__________ Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities....... . 645 111 179 136 46.50 48.50 49.50 41.50 40.0 40.5 40.5 40.0 1.16 1.19 1.23 1.04 80 43.50 39.5 1.10 45.00 39.00- 46.00 119 47.50 40.0 1.20 45.50 43.00- 51.50 Clerks file class A3 Wholesale trade _____ Finance, insurance, and real estate___________ 109 34 41.50 42.00 40.0 40.0 1.04 40.50 39.00- 45.50 1.05 39.0G 38.50- 46.00 45 41.00 40.0 1.02 40.50 39.00- 43.50 Clerks, file, class B 3......... Manufacturing.............. Retail trade _________ Finance, insurance, and real estate ______ Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities - 227 30 41 35.50 41.50 32.00 40.0 40.0 40.0 .89 35.50 31.00- 38.00 1.04 40.50 38.00- 45.00 .80 31.00 30.00- 32.50 89 33.00 40.0 .83 32.00 31.00- 35.50 Clerks, general3_________ Manufacturing Whft1asal« trade __ _ Retail trade__________ Finance, insurance, and real citato Transportation, com munication, and other pnhjjp 28 39.00 40.0 46.00 48.50 50.00 41.50 50.50 52.00 54.00 46.50 .97 39.00 37.00- 40.00 48.50 50.50 49.00 41.50 42.5042.5041.5037.00- 52.00 55.50 50.00 48.00 234 66 70 24 48.00 50.00 46.50 42.50 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 1.20 1.25 1.16 1.06 29 51.00 40.0 1.28 46.00 42.50- 57.50 39 48.50 40.0 1.21 48.50 43.50- 51.50 i Excludes pay for overtime. 3 Value above and below which half of workers* salaries fell. 41.5044.5042.5037.00- 40.0 $1.07 $42.00 $40.50-$43.50 40.0 1.13 42.50 41.50- 45.00 1.18 46.50 41.50- 51.00 1.23 48.50 45.00- 54.00 40.00 42.50 41.50 37.00 35.5038.0039.0032.00- 42.50 46.00 45.00 40.00 37 43.50 40.0 Office girls 3 Finance, insurance, and real estate 127 35.00 40.0 .88 34.50 31.00- 38.00 75 33.50 40.0 .84 32.00 31.00- 38.00 Stenographers, general3— Manufacturing .............. Wholesale trade. Retail trade Finance, insurance, and peal estate Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities _ 963 177 303 97 45.00 47.00 47.00 40.00 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 1.13 1.18 1.17 1.01 243 44.00 40.0 1.10 43.50 40.50- 48.50 90 46.50 40.0 1.16 45.00 43.00- 49.00 Switchboard operators3__ Manufacturing _. _ W hnlAQfi.1p tr^ulA Retail trade ___ _ Transportation, com munication, and other public ntilities_ _ _ 154 34 30 31 43.50 46.50 40.50 37.00 39.5 40.0 40.0 40.0 1.10 1.16 1.02 .93 45.00 47.00 46.00 40.00 42.50 42.50 42.50 38.00 40.5042.5042.5036.50- 38.0042.0034.5034.50- 49.50 49.50 50.00 42.00 49.00 50.50 44.00 40.50 27 48.50 39.5 1.22 49.00 45.00- 51.50 Switchboard-operatorreceptionists 3 TVTannfantnrinff It oH IuvIUI Ulg — A U Wholesale trade Finance, insurance, and real estate _ 158 38 62 43.50 45.00 44.50 40.0 39.5 40.0 1.08 44.00 38.00- 47.00 1.13 46.00 42.50- 48.50 1.11 44.00 42.50- 48.50 35 38.50 40.0 .97 38.00 34.50- 42.50 Transcribing-machine op erators, general3_____ Finance, insurance, and real estate __ 111 44.00 40.0 1.10 44.00 39.00- 47.50 33 42.50 39.5 1.06 42.50 36.50- 47.50 67 44.00 39.5 1.12 43.50 40.00- 48.00 Typists, class A 3.............. Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities.._____ Typists, class B 3________ Finance, insurance, and real estate.................... 37 44.00 40.0 1.11 43.50 40.00- 48.00 231 37.50 40.0 .94 37.00 33.50- 42.50 123 36.50 40.0 .91 37.00 32.00- 40.50 3 Includes data for industry divisions not shown separately. 22 SA LAR IE S OF OFFICE W O RKERS T able 2.— Percentage distribution o f workers in selected office occupations, by weekly salaries 1 in Portland, Oreg., February 1949 Percent of men— Weekly salaries1 Book Clerks, keepers, account Clerks, general ing hand Percent of women— Clerks, order Under $20.00................................. $20.00-122.49................................. $22.50-$24.99................................. ___ $37Aft-$3ftftft 11.8 22.1 27.9 2.9 13.2 _ _____ 1.4 1.0 5.8 4.8 1.3 4.0 8.0 2.7 2.4 4.3 .9 .3 17.3 4.8 21.7 12.0 1.9 9.3 3.9 17.1 10.7 13.4 12.0 20.5 7.6 12.2 9.5 12.5 6.6 1.3 11.8 1.3 26.5 8.2 .5 4.3 1.4 13.5 5.3 12.0 9.3 9.3 2.7 10.5 3.9 3.9 6.6 1.3 1.4 $40.00-$42.49................................ $42.60-$44.99.................................. $45ft0-$47 4ft $47 fiO-$4ft ftft _ $50.00-$52.49................................. $52Aft-.$K4ftft $MftO-.$.'i7 4ft $57.50-$5ft.ftft $fin.0ft-$fi2.4ft ____________________ _____ ______ $fi2.50-$fi4.ftft $65.00-$67.49.................................. $67.fift-$6ft.flft $70.00-$72.4ft $72.fiO-$74.ftft _________ ______ $7A00-$7ft.ftft $80.00-$84.ftft $3fi.0n-$8ft.ftft $ftft.0fl-$ft4.ftft __________ _____ _____ _____ ___ $95.00-$99.99.................................. $100.00 and over......... .................. Billers, Book machine Book keeping(book keepers, machine keeping hand opera ma tors, chine) class A Bookkeepingmachine opera tors, class B Calcu latingmachine Clerks, Clerks, opera account file, tors ing class A (Comp tometer type) 1.5 $25.00-$27.49................................. $27.50-$29.99.................... ............ $3nfift-$324Q $3ft.S0-$34 ftft $3/*.flft-$37.4ft Office boys Billers, machine (billing ma chine) 5.3 7.5 2.7 2.0 2.4 10.6 7.1 2.9 1.5 1.5 2.9 8.8 35.4 19.0 8.2 4.1 4.7 3.5 17.6 21.1 12.9 1.1 1.1 9.0 11.3 2.3 11.8 9.5 1.4 1.4 11.8 1.2 1.2 5.9 14.1 6.7 6.1 2.4 3.7 2.9 5.9 6.8 9.0 8.5 1.5 3.2 3.8 1.1 2.6 7.0 3.7 8.3 18.3 18.3 25.1 6.7 13.3 28.5 14.4 4.8 3.8 15.0 23.3 19.3 3.6 7.4 10.5 14.1 14.7 10.5 31.1 21.1 9.2 21.1 2.8 23.3 8.3 1.7 5.0 9.1 4.5 .8 3.5 10.8 2.5 4.7 3.0 3.0 13.5 7.0 3.6 4.3 .2 .9 .9 1.9 1.7 .8 3.3 5.1 4.0 10.7 9.0 2.3 1.5 1.5 4.6 3.0 .9 .6 .6 1.7 6.8 .2 Total................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Estimated number of workers— 76 208 75 328 68 147 85 177 60 375 528 645 109 Average weekly salaries1............ $70.50 $58.50 $59.50 $60.00 $34.00 $42.00 $44.50 $60.00 $49.00 $44.50 $46.00 $46.50 $41.50 1 Excludes pay for overtime. 100.0 PO RTLAN D , OREO. 23 T able 2.- - Percentage distribution of workers in selected office occupations, by weekly salaries 1 in Portland, Oreg., February 194-9— Continued Percent of women— W eekly salaries1 Clerks, file, class B Clerks, general Clerks, order Stenog raphers, general TranSwitchSwitch board- scribingoperator- machine Typists, board operators recep- operators, class A general tionists Clerks, pay-roll Clerktypists 2.5 3.5 1.9 9.0 13.4 9.0 2.4 15.7 25.2 9.4 11.8 0.4 1.0 2.2 4.0 1.3 2.6 7.1 9.1 5.7 13.3 7.2 5.6 1.7 4.3 7.0 2.1 17.1 17.1 6.0 13.7 7.8 43.5 18.3 1.7 .9 5.0 14.9 7.5 18.3 16.4 15.9 19.0 15.3 7.4 2.9 20.5 8.7 2.4 .8 7.8 18.2 17.8 15.2 10.8 9.7 15.7 17.6 6.5 10.4 7.6 10.1 22.2 17.7 7.6 17.1 12.6 16.2 19.0 9.0 14.1 7.3 6.8 5.1 .4 2.6 7.0 1.7 2.6 .9 15.9 3.5 4.0 6.0 1.0 4.5 1.4 13.6 3.2 12.0 1.9 18.0 3.1 13.2 4.0 1.1 2.7 .5 Office girls Typists, class B Under $20.00.. $20.00-$22.49_. $22.50-$24.99__ $25.00-$27.49— $27.50-$29.99. _ $30.00-$32.49_ _ $32.50-$34.99_. $35.00-$37.49__ 0.4 13.7 21.1 13.2 17.2 $37.50-$39.99_ $40.00-$42.49_ $42.60-$44.99— $45.00-$47.49_$47.50-$49.99_. 15.4 7.0 9.3 $50.00-$52.49- _ .9 $52.50-$54.99— $55.00-$57.49— $57.50-$59.99— $60.00-$62.49.. 1.8 2.1 $62.50-$64.99— $65.00~$67.49— $67.50-$69.99— $70.00-$72.49_ _ $72.50-$74.99— .3 $75.00-$79.99....... $80.00-$84.99....... $85.00-$89.99....... $90.00-$94.99....... $95.00-$99.99........ $100.00 and over.. 7.5 3.2 .2 .5 .5 2.6 1.3 6.5 17.3 18.6 17.3 12.0 19.4 23.7 10.4 10.0 12.0 9.0 3.0 1.5 7.8 9.5 4.8 1.3 1.5 .8 .1 .5 100.0 I Total.............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Estimated number of workers. 227 234 115 201 580 127 963 154 158 111 67 231 $35.50 $48.00 $43.00 $47.00 19.50 $35.00 $45.00 $43.50 $43.50 $44.00 $44.00 $37.50 Average weekly salaries *. i Excludes pay for overtime. 100.0 I 100.0 SA LAR IE S OF O FFICE W O R K E R S 24 T able 3.— Scheduled weekly hours o f women in Portland, Oreg,, offices, February 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— W eekly hours A ll industries Manufacturing Wholesale trade Ail offices employing women___________ Under sr hours 36 hours ___ _ ___________ Oyer 36 and yindpr 37l<£ hours 371^ hours _ __ ____ Over 37V£ and under 40 hours ___ _ 40 hours - _____________________________ Oyer 40 a^d under 44 hours 44 hours f*ver 44 hours 100.0 100.0 0.7 3.2 1.6 3.1 92.6 1.5 .6 96.6 Retail trade 1.2 100.0 100.0 Transportation, Finance, insur communication, ance, and real and other estate public utilities 100.0 Services 100.0 100.0 4.6 .4 95.0 3.3 96.7 0.4 2.9 93.4 1.8 1.9 100.0 2.9 8.7 83.8 4.2 T a ble 4.— Scheduled days in workweek of women in Portland, Oreg., offices, February 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— Days in week A ll industries Manufacturing Wholesale trade All offices employing women..................... 100.0 5 days.......................................................... 5H days....................................................... fi days ___________________________ other ...... - 83.4 9.2 7.4 Retail trade Finance, insur Transportation, ance, and real communication, and other estate public utilities Services 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.8 1.2 86.7 13.3 55.6 30.9 13.5 75.8 7.0 17.2 94.7 96.7 3.3 5.3 T a ble 5.— Vacations with pay in Portland, Oreg,, offices, February 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— Vacation policy All industries Manufacturing Wholesale trade A]1 offices studied _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Retail trade Transportation, Finance, insur communication, ance, and real and other estate public utilities Services 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 39.6 .7 59.4 .3 100.0 19.4 100.0 45.3 3.3 50.1 1.3 100.0 94.0 100.0 15.6 100.0 51.5 100.0 28.1 6.0 84.4 48.5 71.9 100.0 14.1 1.9 83.7 .3 100.0 8.2 6.5 85.3 100.0 36.7 3.3 58.7 1.3 100.0 21.0 100.0 3.7 100.0 7.8 100.0 79.0 96.3 92.2 100.0 100.0 2.2 100.0 4.6 100.0 6.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 96.6 1.2 95.4 92.0 1.3 100.0 96.6 3.4 100.0 100.0 1 year of service Offices with paid vacations _ 1 week _ - . Over 1 and iindar 2 weeks 2 weeks Over 2 weeks _ __ . _ . 80.6 Offieas with no paid vacations________ £ years of service Offices with paid vacations - _. 1 week_____________ __ -___________ _____ Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks _ Over 2 weeks Offices with no paid vacations _ 5 years of service Offices with paid vacations1 week................ ................................. Over 1 and under 2 weeks................... 2 weeks. . ___ Over 2 weeks _ _ ____ Offices with no paid vacations _ P O R T L A N D , OREG. 25 T able 6.— Paid holidays in Portland, Ore go f f i c es , February 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— Number of paid holidays A ll industries Manufacturing Wholesale trade Betail trade Transportation, Finance, insur communication, ance, and real and other estate public utilities Services A ll offices studied............... ...................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Offiras providing paid holidays _ Number of holidays: 1 to 5.. .................................. 6............................................................. 7............................................................. 8 .. .. ..................... 9 ___ 10 .. ........... 11 __ ___ 12ormorft_ 99.7 98.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.6 53.6 16.4 11.9 2.8 89.6 5.8 2.9 76.0 12.6 8.5 3.4 96.2 11.4 13.7 15.0 17.6 46.0 36.4 Offiop.s providing no paid holidays _ .4 17.4 42.5 4.7 11.5 .3 1.8 59.4 38.8 1.8 T a ble 7.— Nonproduction bonuses in Portland, Oreg.f offices, February 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— Type of bonus A ll industries Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail trade Transportation, Finance, insur communication, ance, and real and other estate public utilities Services All offices studied....................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 All offices with nonproduction bonuses__ Christmas or year-end......................... Profit-sharing ___ ___ ___ 25.7 24.5 1.2 63.5 57.0 6.5 20.2 20.2 17.4 17.4 26:2 26.2 0.8 .8 3.4 3.4 Offices with no nonproduction bonuses... 74.3 36.5 79.8 82.6 73.8 99.2 96.6 SA LA R IE S OF O FFICE W O R K E R S 26 T a b l e 8 . — Formal provisions fo r paid sick leave in Portland, Oreg., offices, February 1949 Percent of workers em ployed in offices in— Provisions for paid sick leave A ll industries Manufacturing Wholesale trade All nffin« Stndiftil _ Retail trade Finance, insur Transportation, ance, and real communication, and other estate public utilities Services 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 14.9 14.3 5.6 20.0 17.6 21.3 1.4 4.3 4.3 5.6 6.2 1.3 3.1 9.2 5.0 6.1 8.9 2.6 .9 2.8 2.5 7.7 6.5 85.1 85.7 94.4 80.0 19.3 17.4 24.1 20.5 2.3 1.6 1.2 7.5 3.0 2.4 4.6 6 months of service A ll offices with formal provisions for paid sick leave. r... Under days... 5 days.. ' 6 days,. 7 days 1ft days 12d ays..- - 15 days____________________________ 20 days _____ Over 20 days _ _ _ ___ Offices with no formal provisions for paid sick le a v e ...._______________________ 12.4 1.4 82.4 78.7 98.6 17.6 21.3 1.4 4.3 1 year of service A ll offices with formal provisions for paid sick leave__ ________________________ Under 5 days______________________ 5 days.. 6 days.. _ _ 7 days____________________________ 1ft days. . __ _ 12 days. , is days . u 2ft days _ _ Over 20 days______________________ Offices with no formal provisions for paid sick lfiavfi _ _ 6.1 6.7 1.3 18.5 9.3 3.5 4.9 4.3 1.3 8.9 11.1 6.5 12.4 1.4 2.8 80.7 82.6 75.9 79.5 82.4 78.7 98.6 27.0 17.4 24.1 20.5 17.6 67.9 1.4 .9 1.5 4.6 9.7 1.7 3.5 10.3 21.3 1.4 £ years of service A ll offices with formal provisions for paid sick leave___________________________ Under 5 days____ ____ —................... 5 days____________________________ 6 days____________________________ 7 days____________________________ 10 days_________ __________________ 12 days____________________________ 15 days____________________________ 20 days_________ __________________ Over 20 days______________________ Offices with no formal provisions for paid sick leave- . ____ __________________ 1.3 3.5 4.3 7.7 75.9 79.5 2.5 9.7 73.0 9.3 18.5 82.6 6.1 11.5 46.6 82.4 32.1 98.6 T a b l e 9.— Insurance and pension plans in Portland, Oreg., offices, February 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— Type of plan All industries Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail trade Transportation, Finance, insur communication, ance, and real and other estate public utilities Services All offices studied...................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 All offices with insurance or pension plans1.............. .............. - ................... — Life insurance—- ...........-........- ........— Health insurance.........- ........- ......... — Retirement pension....... ..................... 74.7 59.7 19.4 48.4 62.2 59.0 37.3 37.9 81.5 71.0 21.5 25.6 50.2 32.0 12.1 29.3 85.7 77.1 22.4 75.3 84.9 40.1 1.2 69.5 68.1 67.4 3.4 6.5 Offices with no insurance or pension plans. 25.3 37.8 18.5 49.8 14.3 15.1 31.9 1 Unduplicated total. RICHM OND, FEBRUARY 1949 Salaries Average weekly salaries of women in the occupa tions studied in Richmond varied from $29 for office girls and $30 for clerks engaged in routine filing to $50.50 for hand bookkeepers in February 1949. All other occupations studied showed average salaries of between $34 and $43.50 a week. Earnings of individual women employees ranged from $20 to about $85, but approximately half of the employees in all of the occupations covered re ceived between $32.50 and $42.50; and there were even more marked concentrations of salaries with in individual jobs. Thus, over half of the women workers performing the most responsible types of bookkeeping operations by machine earned be tween $37.50 and $42.50. Among the eight occupational classifications for which information could be presented on men's earnings, weekly salaries ranged from $28.50 for office boys to $67 for bookkeepers. General clerks, the largest group studied, received about $56 a week. On an hourly basis, occupational averages for women ranged from about 75 cents (76 and 77 cents for routine file clerks and office girls, respec tively) to $1.26 for bookkeepers. The average for a third of the jobs was between 95 cents and $1. Work Schedules The 40-hour week was the most common work schedule in Richmond offices. Two-thirds of the women office workers were employed in establish ments having this schedule. An additional 30 percent were working less than 40 hours. In no instance was a weekly schedule in excess of 46 hours reported for women office workers. Four of every five women were scheduled to work 5 days a week. Paid Vacations All of the establishments studied had formal vacation policies for their office employees. Seventy percent of the workers received paid vacations of 2 weeks after 1 year of service. Vacation benefits were extended after longer service so that 85 percent of the workers studied were in firms granting paid vacations of 2 weeks or more after 2 years' service; over 9 out of 10 were employed in offices providing vacations of 2 weeks or more after 5 years of employment with the firm. The service industries studied had the most liberal vacation policies. Nearly 90 percent of the office employees in this industry group re ceived 2-week paid vacations after a year's employment and all employees with 2 years' service received at least this amount o f vacation. Paid Holidays Over 90 percent of the office workers received at least five paid holidays annually. Nearly 30 percent were in offices granting six paid holidays a year; while over 40 percent were compensated for a greater number—up to and including 13 days a year. In the finance, insurance, and real estate group, over one-fourth of the employees received eight paid holidays; a similar proportion received as many as 13 holidays annually. Nonproduction Bonuses Outside of the service industries studied, non production bonuses were not prevalent in Rich mond offices. Considering all industries as a group, less than 30 percent of the office employees worked in firms providing this supplemental com pensation. Bonuses were paid in offices with nearly three-fourths of the service group employ ment studied. Paid Sick Leave Formal provisions for paid sick leave after 1 year's service were effective in firms with slightly more than one-third of Richmond office employ ment; these benefits were somewhat more common after longer service so that establishments with two-fifths of the employees had formal sick leave arrangements for workers with at least 2 years' service. The number of days sick leave allowed with 1 or 2 years of service varied from 5 to more than 20 a year, with 5 being most common. Formal 27 SA LAR IES OF O FFICE W O R K E R S 28 provisions were most prevalent in the retail trades; 9 out of every 10 office employees in this industry group benefited from some policy for payment in case of illness. Insurance and Pension Plans Over four out of five workers were in Richmond T able offices that paid, at least in part, for some type of insurance or pension plan for their employees. Life insurance plans were most frequent. Trans portation, communication, and other public utili ties firms with all but 1 percent of the office personnel in this industry division provided some type of insurance. 1.— Salaries 1 and weekly scheduled hours of work for selected office occupations in Richmond, by industry division, February 1949 Sex, occupation, and industry division Average— Esti mated M edi- Salary range an num W eekly Hour week of middle ber 50 percent of W eekly sched ly sal of workers ly uled work salary rate ary * ers hours Sex, occupation, and industry division Esti Average— mated M edi- Salary range num an ber Weekly Hour week of middle 50 percent of W eekly sched ly sal of workers ly work salary uled ary2 hours rate ers Men, Women—Continued Billers, machine (billing m achine)8....................... Wholesale trade............. 40 36 $37.50 37.00 ......... Clerks, file, class A 8 Manufacturing. ............ Wholesale trade----------- 73 19 25 $38.50 38.50 38.50 Bookkeepers, hand8......... Manufacturing............... Wholesale trade............. 76 17 37 67.00 70.00 70.50 40.0 39.5 42.0 1.67 69.00 57.50- 75.00 1.77 75.00 69.00- 80.50 1.69 69.50 67.00- 80.50 213 15 34 30.00 35.00 30.50 39.5 39.0 41.0 .76 30.00 27.50- 32. 50 .89 32.00 31.00- 38.00 .75 30.00 26.00- 33.50 Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A8 ........... Wholesale trade............. 26 19 40.00 39.00 41.5 43.0 .96 40.00 38.00- 40.50 .91 40.00 36.00- 40.50 Clerks, file, class B 8......... Manufacturing.............. Wholesale trade............. Finance, insurance, and real estate.................... Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities............ 120 28.50 39.0 .73 29.00 26.50- 30.00 25 33.00 39.0 .84 32.00 31.00- 33.50 Clerks, accounting8 .......... M anufacturing-............. Wholesale trade............. 176 76 50 54.50 60.00 49.50 39.5 39.0 40.5 1.37 54.00 48.50- 61.50 1.53 58.50 52.50- 66.50 1.22 50.00 44.50- 55.50 504 164 54 39.00 44.00 45.50 39.5 39.5 42.0 .99 37.00 33.00- 44.50 1.11 42.50 37.50- 49.50 1.09 43.00 33.00- 61.00 Clerks, general8................ Manufacturing............... Wholesale trade............. 179 99 57 56.00 59.50 54.50 41.0 42.0 40.5 1.36 55.50 46.00- 64.50 1.42 57.50 47.50- 65.50 1.34 54.00 45.00- 64.50 Clerks, general8................ Manufacturing .............. Wholesale trade............. Finance, insurance, and real estate.................... 191 34.00 39.0 .87 32.00 29.00- 36.00 Clerks, order..................... 50 53.00 40.0 1.33 51.50 46.00- 62.00 Clerks, order 8................... M anufacturing............. Wholesale trade............. 77 16 46 39.50 46.00 39.50 40.5 39.5 40.5 .98 38.00 34.50- 42.50 1.16 46.00 39.00- 53.00 .97 38.00 36.50- 41.50 Clerks, pay-roll8............... M anufacturing-............ 26 15 56.00 49.50 39.5 39.5 1.41 60.00 42.00- 68.00 1.25 50.00 38.00- 59.50 164 66 22 39.5 39.5 40.0 28.50 31.50 1.11 43.50 38.00- 49.00 1.20 46.50 40.00- 52.00 1.22 49.50 44.00- 52.00 58 16 40.0 40.0 .71 28.00 25.00- 31.00 .78 29.50 25.00- 37.50 43.50 47.50 48.50 Office b oy s8...................... Wholesale trade............. Clerks, pay-roll8............... M anufacturing. ............ Wholesale trade............. Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities............ 23 42.50 38.5 1.11 43.00 37.50- 50.00 Clerk-typists 8................... Manufacturing............... Wholesale trade............. Finance, insurance, and real estate.................... 460 81 98 34.00 38.00 35.00 39.5 39.5 40.0 .86 34.50 30.00- 37.00 .96 36.00 34.00- 40.50 .88 35.00 32.00- 37.00 218 31.50 38.5 .82 32.00 25.00- 37.00 Office girls......................... 40 29.00 38.0 .77 28.50 23.00- 32.00 Stenographers, general 8 „ . Manufacturing............... Wholesale trade............. Finance, insurance, and real estate.................... 909 169 438 42.50 45.00 42.50 39.5 39.5 40.5 1.08 42.50 37.00- 46.50 1.15 45.00 40.50- 48.50 1.06 41.50 37.00-47.50 180 40.00 38.0 1.04 40.00 34.50- 43.50 Switchboard operators8 — Manufacturing.............. Transportation, com munication, and other public utilities............ 83 27 39.50 41.00 39.5 39.5 1.00 38.00 35.50- 42.00 1.04 40.50 37.00- 44.00 16 40.50 40.0 1.01 41.00 36.00- 44.00 57 26 39.50 40.50 39.5 40.0 .99 37.50 34.50- 40.00 1.02 39.00 37.50- 40.00 43.5 $0.86 $35.50 $32.50-$40.00 .84 35.50 32.50- 40.00 44.0 Women Billers, machine (billing m achine)8................... Manufacturing.............. Wholesale trade............. 112 32 71 40.00 40.50 40.00 40.5 40.0 40.5 Billers, machine (book keeping machine)....... 100 35.00 39.5 .88 35.00 31.00- 38.00 Bookkeepers, hand8......... Wholesale trade............. 50 17 50.50 48.00 40.0 41.5 1.26 50.00 43.50- 56.00 1.15 50.00 45.00- 52.00 Bookkeeping-machine op erators, class A 8.......... Wholesale trade............. 86 72 41.00 40.50 40.5 40.5 1.02 40.50 37.50- 44.50 1.01 40.50 37.50- 42.50 Bookkeeping-machine op erators, class B 8......... Wholesale trade............. 112 22 35.00 37.00 40.0 40.0 .88 34.50 32.00- 38.00 .92 36.00 33.50- 39.00 Calculating-machine op erators (Comptometer ty p e )8......................... Manufacturing.............. Wholesale trade----------- 249 15 101 40.00 43.00 39.50 39.5 38.5 40.0 1.01 40.00 35.50-43.50 1.12 42.50 39.50-44.00 .98 38.50 34.50- 42.00 251 18 49 18 41.50 46.50 41.50 31.00 39.0 39.5 40.0 42.5 1.07 1.17 1.04 .73 54 35.50 38.5 Clerks, accounting *.------M anufacturing-............ Wholesale trade............. Retail trade................... Finance, insurance, and real estate.................... 1 Excludes pay for overtime. .99 39.00 34.00- 43.50 1.02 37.00 37.00- 43.50 .99 39.00 34.00- 43.50 42.50 45.50 40.50 31.50 47.00 47.50 47.00 34.50 .93 35.50 27.50- 42.50 * Value above and below which half of workers’ salaries fell. 37.0043.5036.0024.50- S w itch board -op eratorreceptionists 8.............. Wholesale trade............. Transcribing-machine op erators, general8......... Finance, insurance, and real estate.................... 39.5 $0.97 $37.00 $35.00-$40.00 39.5 .97 37.00 36.50- 40.50 40.0 .97 39.00 34.00- 40.00 65 37.50 39.5 .95 37.00 34.50- 39.00 29 36.00 38.5 .94 34.50 33.50-40.50 Typists, class A 8.............. Services.......................... 97 47 39.00 38.50 39.5 40.0 .99 37.50 37.00- 41.50 .96 38.00 35.50- 41.00 Typists, class B ................. 157 34.00 38.5 .88 34.00 31.00- 36.50 8 Includes data for industry divisions not shown separately. RICHMOND 29 T able 2.— Percentage distribution o f workers in selected office occupations , by weekly salaries 1 in Richmond , February 1949 Percent of women— Percent of men— W eekly salaries1 Bookkeepers, hand Clerks, account ing Clerks, general Clerks, order Under $20.00............................ $20.00-122.49............................ $22.50-$24.99............................ $25.00-$27.49............................ $27.50-$29.99............................ $30.00-$32.49............................ $32.50-$34.99............................ $35.00-$37.49............................ $37.50-$39.99............................ $40.00-$42.49............................ $42.50-$44.99............................ $45.00-$47.49............................ $47.50-$49.99_........................... Office boys BookBookBillers, Billers, Book machine machine keepers, keeping- keeping(book machine machine (billing keeping operators, operators, machine) machine) hand class B class A Calcu latingmachine Clerks, operators account ing (Comp tometer type) 1.6 1.6 10.3 1.3 3.9 1.7 1.7 5.7 1.7 3.4 2.8 2.3 1.1 5.7 5.1 7.4 1.7 5.0 2.2 12.3 7.8 31.0 34.5 10.3 1.7 3.5 4.5 8.9 20.5 12.5 1.0 27.0 14.0 30.0 22.0 3.0 10.0 10.0 10.7 13.4 8.0 .9 .9 1.0 6.0 14.0 3.5 5.2 2.0 8.0 14.0 8.0 16.0 $50.00-$52.49............................ $52.50-$54.99............................ $55.00-$57.49............................ $57.50-$69.99............................ $60.00-$62.49............................ 6.6 2.6 10.5 6.6 4.0 16.6 8.6 5.7 6.3 10.9 8.9 2.8 2.2 11.2 6.7 28.0 13.4 2.0 2.0 10.0 1.8 4.5 $62.60-$64.99............................ $65.00-$67.49............................ $67.50-$69.99............................ $70.00-$72.49............................ $72.50-$74.99............................. 1.3 9.2 17.1 8.4 6.1 2.8 1.1 4.5 2.0 2.0 6.0 2.0 5.3 22.4 2.6 2.9 .6 1.1 3.4 1.1 3.4 100.0 100.0 76 175 $67.00 $54.50 4.4 2.0 4.4 5.2 8.0 20.9 32.6 9.3 2.3 10.5 14.3 3.6 6.2 3.6 16.5 21.7 13.3 7.2 3.2 6.4 15.9 16.3 12.3 8.7 2.4 1.2 .4 .4 8.4 1.2 1.6 1.2 .8 100.0 100.0 160.0 112 249 251 $40.00 $41.50 6.0 Total.............................. 9.6 8.8 15.3 14.0 $75.00-$79.99............................ $80.00-$84.99............................ $85.00-$89.99............................ $90.00-$94.99............................ $95.00-$99.99............................ $100.00 and over...................... 12.5 24.1 23.2 12.5 2.0 6.6 3.4 6.9 .6 4.0 1.7 2.3 14.0 Estimated number of workers Average weekly salaries1 ....... 1 Excludes pay for overtime. 26.0 2.0 4.0 2.3 5.8 6.0 .5 100.0 179 $56.00 100.0 50 $53.00 100.0 58 $28.50 100.0 112 $40.00 100.0 100 $35.00 100.0 50 $50.50 100.0 86 $41.00 $35.00 30 SA LAR IE S OF O FFICE W O R K E R S T able 2.— Percentage distribution o f workers in selected office occupations, by weekly salaries1 in Richmond, February 1949— Continued Percent of women— W eekly salaries1 Clerks. file, class A $37.50-239.99_________ $40.00-242.49............................. $42.50-244.99____ $45.00-247.49.............................. $47.50-249.99.............................. $50.00-252.49.............................. $52.50-254.99.............................. $55.00-257.49.............................. $57.50-259.99.............................. $60.00-262.49.............................. 5.5 17.8 27.4 13.7 21.9 5.5 2.8 Clerks, general 7.0 2.8 Under $20.00............................ $20.00-$22.49.............................. $22.50-$24.99__ $25.00-227.40. _ $27.50-229.00____ $30.00-232.49___ $32.50-$34.99............................. $35.00-237.49.............................. 0.8 .6 13.1 26.8 24.4 16.4 3.8 2.0 9.1 9.7 15.5 14.1 5.2 5.2 14.3 22.0 7.3 5.5 8.5 3.0 7.4 18.5 15.0 23.0 1.5 5.5 9.8 10.6 3.3 1.4 .5 9.9 6.7 6.5 6.9 4.2 11.7 15.6 5.2 5.2 5.2 7.9 14.6 6.1 15.3 9.8 5.4 9.6 2.4 3.7 .2 3.4 3.8 1.0 .8 3.4 3.9 2.6 1.3 12.2 1.2 4.9 .6 2.5 .9 .5 2.7 2.7 $62.50-264.99............................. $65.00-267.49.............................. $67.50-269.99............................. $70.00-272.49.............................. $72.50-274.99.............................. Total............................... Average weekly salaries *____ 1Excludes pay for overtime. Clerks, order Clerks, pay-roll Clerktypists Tran Switch- Switch scribingboardboard operator- machine Typists, opera reception operators, class A tors ists general class B* 5.9 4.6 1.8 2.6 .2 .2 .8 .2 .2 12.1 30.1 5.3 19.3 12.3 6.2 16.9 14.2 12.7 6.8 12.0 20.5 14.5 31.6 14.0 1.7 2.4 3.5 7.1 1.8 1.8 3.3 .8 3.6 3.1 9.2 20.0 29.2 1.0 14.4 23.7 15.4 9.2 7.7 3.1 3.1 22.7 14.4 16.5 2.1 2.1 10.5 1.8 .4 .4 1.8 2.4 1.2 1.9 14.0 22.9 24.9 19.1 8.9 5.1 2.6 .6 1.0 2.1 1.2 .2 $75.00-279.99.............................. $80.00-284.99.............................. $85.00-289.99............................. $90.00-294.99___ $95.00-$99.99____ $100.00 and o v e r______ Estimated number of workers. Stenog raphers, general Clerks, file, class B .2 .2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 73 213 504 W $38.50 $30.00 $39.00 $39.50 100.0 164~ $43.50 100.0 460~ $34.00 100.0 909~ $42.50 100.0 83~ $39.50 100.0 100.0 57 65 $39.50 $37.50 100.0 97~ $39.00 100.0 157 $34.00 RICHM OND 31 T able 3.— Scheduled weekly hours o f women in Richmond offices, February 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— W eekly hours A ll industries Manufacturing Wholesale trade A ll offices employing w om en.................... 100.0 100.0 Under SB hours_____ 35 hours __ _____ ________ Over 35 and under 37M hours. 3714 hours. _______ ___ Over 37J4 and nnder 40 hours 40 hours. _____ _ _ ____ _ _ _ Over 40and under 44h o u r s . . ___ 44 hours. ^ Over 44 and nnder 43 hours ___ 43 hours. _ _____ _ __ Over 43 hours __ _ _ __ ______ 6.0 6.8 9.5 7.6 66.0 .3 1.1 2.7 4.3 2.1 13.7 78.7 1.2 100.0 5.4 85.6 .9 8.1 Retail trade 100.0 95.8 .9 1.0 2.3 Transportation, Finance, insur communication, ance, and real and other estate public utilities 100.0 100.0 13.4 19.0 9.3 12.6 45.7 Services 49.8 100.0 28.1 49.1 50.7 1.1 11.6 9.6 T a ble 4.— Scheduled days in workweek o f women in Richmond offices, February 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— Days in week A ll industries Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insur Transportation, ance, and real communication, and other estate public utilities Services A ll offices employing women..................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 5 days.......................................................... 5H days....................................................... 6 days________________________________ Other. _ . _ 81.2 13.9 4.5 .4 94.3 5.7 83.1 15.4 93.3 6.0 .5 .2 63.3 23.0 13.7 98.9 1.1 78.8 21.2 1.5 T able 5.— Vacations with pay in Richmond offices, February 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— Vacation policy A ll industries Manufacturing Wholesale trade All offices studied Retail trade Transportation, Finance, insur communication, ance, and real and other estate public utilities Services 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 28.2 1.1 70.7 100.0 11.0 2.1 86.9 100.0 26.3 3.3 70.4 100.0 61.9 100.0 23.7 100.0 48.8 100.0 11.6 38.1 76.3 51.2 88.4 100.0 13.8 1.3 84.3 .6 100.0 9.8 2.1 88.1 100.0 14.5 3.3 82.2 100.0 60.0 1.7 38.3 100.0 9.8 100.0 100.0 90.2 100.0 90.1 9.9 100.0 6.1 1.3 85.2 7.4 100.0 4.5 2.1 93.4 100.0 14.5 3.3 82.2 100.0 1.5 1.7 94.5 2.3 100.0 5.5 100.0 100.0 74.0 20.5 # 100.0 90.1 9.9 1 year of service Offices with paid vacations.................... . 1 week„ r __ ______ Over 1 and under 2 weeks__________ 2 weeks___________________________ Over 2 weeks______________________ Offices with no paid vacations__________ i years of service Offices with paid vacations ____ _ i week ___ Over 1 and nnder 2 weeks _- _ _ _____ 2 weeks r rT ___ Oyer 2 weeks Offices with no paid vacations__________ 5 years of service Offices with paid vacations... i week. „r _ T. ______ Oyer 1 and under 2 weeks 2 w eeks.. . . ___________... Over 2 weeks. T . _ _ _ Offices with no paid vacations . SA LAR IE S OF OFFICE W O R K E R S 32 T a b l e 6 . — Paid holidays in Richmond offices, February 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— Number of paid holidays A ll industries All offices studied - _ Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insur Transportation, ance, and real communication, and other estate public utilities Services 100.0 Offices providing paid holidays. Number of holidays: 1 to 5 ..................................................... 5............................................................. 5H......................................................... 6............................................................. 7 7U 8........................... ................ 13........................................................... Offices providing no paid holidays 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 92.8 100.0 100.0 43.3 94.5 98.9 100.0 29.7 4.5 59.7 6.1 3.0 36.3 4.5 43.5 7.3 7.1 1.0 1.7 33.5 4.8 0.5 5.3 9.6 2.0 16.2 2.6 27.6 15.6 4.8 15.6 8.5 27.4 26.4 5.4 7.2 7.9 28.0 56.7 5.5 9.6 16.6 9.9 63.9 39.6 44.5 1.1 T able 7.— Nonproduction bonuses in Richmond offices, February 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— Type of bonus A ll industries Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail trade Transportation, Finance, insur communication, ance, and real and other estate public utilities Services A ll offices studies........................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Offices with nonproduction bonuses......... Christmas or year-end......................... Profit-sharing_____________________ Other_____________________________ 28.2 18.7 2.6 6.9 17.3 11.7 40.6 37.3 3.3 9.9 9.9 30.5 17.2 4.2 1.1 3.1 73.5 21.2 24.2 28.1 Offices with no nonproduction bonuses... 71.8 82.7 59.4 90.1 69.5 95.8 26.5 13.3 5.6 RICHMOND 33 T a b l e 8. — Formal provisions for paid sick leave in Richmond offices, February 1940 Percent of workers employed in offices in— Provisions for paid sick leave A ll industries Manufacturing Wholesale trade A ll offices studied....................................... Retail trade Transportation, Finance, insur communication, ance, and real and other estate public utilities 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 36.0 12.1 .8 6.4 15.1 44.6 7.2 91.6 88.8 .9 .2 38.7 5.3 9.6 2.7 5.0 .2 1.3 2.6 2.0 5.6 15.1 64.0 84.9 55.4 8.4 61.3 90.4 41.5 10.2 .8 1.2 5.5 15.1 44.6 1.3 91.8 87.4 .9 38.8 5.3 54.1 4.7 4.7 1.4 2.6 .9 8.6 .9 15.1 58.5 84.9 Services 100.0 i year of service Offices with formal provisions for paid sick leave................................................. 5 days.................................................... 5H days........................................ ........ 6 days'................................................... 7 days.................................................... 9 days........................................... ........ 10 d a y s................................................ 11 days................................................. 12 days.................................................. 15 days.................................................. 20 days............ ......... ............................ Over 20 days______________ ________ Information not available___________ Offices with no formal provisions for paid sick leave................................................. 3.8 11.6 11.6 17.0 5.9 1.7 5.3 4.2 10.9 6.3 22.7 1.6 88.4 t years of service Offices with formal provisions for paid sick leave................................................. 5 days..... ............................................. 5H days................................................ 6 days................................................... 7 days................................................... 9 days................................................... 10 days.................................................. 11 days............... .................................. 12 days.................................................. 15 days_______________ ____________ 20 d a y s.......... .................... ............... Over 20 days_________ ___________ Information not available____ ____ _ Offices with no formal provisions for paid sick leave................................................. 3.8 5.9 2.7 44.5 .1 1.5 1.7 .2 10.9 14.2 4.2 5.3 3.0 9.3 2.8 22.7 11.6 11.6 1.6 55.4 8.2 61.2 44.6 1.3 91.8 38.8 5.3 88.4 45.9 54.1 5 years of service Offices with formal provisions for paid sick leave................................................. 5 days_________ ____ ______________ 5H days................................................. 6 days............ ........................ .............. 7 days..... ........ ......... ........................ days____________ ________________ 10 days......................................... ........ 11 days................................................. 12 days................. ............................. . 15 days........................................ .......... 20 days__________________________ Over20dftysr _ _ .............. . Information not available___________ 9 Offices with no formal provisions for paid sick leave.................. .............................. 41.5 2.0 .8 15.1 .9 5.5 .3 12.7 4.7 1.4 3.8 15.1 .9 58.5 .1 44.5 2.7 5.3 84.9 5.9 87.4 1.7 .2 14.2 4.2 33.6 1.0 11.3 11.6 11.6 .9 1.5 3.6 9.3 2.8 1.6 55.4 8.2 61.2 45.9 88.4 T able 9.— Insurance and pension plans in Richmond offices, February 1949 Percent of workers employed in offices in— Type of plan A ll industries Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail trade Transportation, Finance, insur communication, ance, and real and other estate public utilities Services A ll offices studied.............. —..................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Offices with insurance or pension plans * .. Life insurance....................................... Health insurance.................................. Retirement pension............................. Other.................................................... 83.9 82.5 21.5 35.6 27.3 92.6 92.6 20.0 21.9 15.5 70.0 70.0 5.4 19.2 31.8 95.7 95.0 32.6 35.2 1.9 79.4 75.2 20.8 39.4 27.4 98.9 98.9 50.3 88.3 52.8 90.4 90.4 16.6 28.1 Offices with no insurance or pension plans. 16.1 7.4 30.0 20.6 1.1 9.6 Unduplicated total. 4.3* 9.9 APPENDIX A Scope and M ethod o f Survey The information presented in this bulletin was collected by visit of field representatives of the Bureau to representative offices in each city surveyed. In classifying workers by occupation, uniform job descriptions were used; they are presented in appendix B. The primary purpose of the Bureau’s job descriptions is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of pay-roll titles and different work arrangements from office to office and area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on inter office and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or prepared for other purposes. In view of these special characteristics of the Bureau’s revised job descriptions, their adoption without modification by any single establishment or for any other purpose than that indicated herein is not recommended. Where office workers regularly perform duties classified in more than one occupa tion, they have generally been classified according to the most skilled or responsible duties regularly T able performed, and that are significant in determining their value to the firm. The study covered six broad industry divisions and in each division only establishments above a certain size were studied. Office employment in smaller establishments was not considered suf ficiently great to warrant' inclusion of such establishments in the survey. The industries included in the study together with the minimum size establishments and the number of establish ments surveyed in each of the four cities reported on in this bulletin are summarized in appendix table A -l. Estimated employment in these industry di visions, in establishments of the size included in the survey, is presented in appendix table A -2. A greater proportion of large than of small establishments was studied in order to maximize the proportion of office workers that could be surveyed with available funds. Each size-of-establishment group was, however, given only its proper influence on the information presented. The number of establishments in each size category and total employment in these establishments is summarized in appendix tables A -3 and A -4. A - l .— Estimated number of establishments and number studied by industry division in four selected cities, February-April 1949 Number of establishments in— Industry division Minimum size of establishm ent1 Cleveland Estimated total A ll divisions.................................................... Manufacturing......................................... Wholesale trade........................................ Retail trade8 ............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate.......... Transportation, communication, and other public utilities8 ........................... Services4................................................... 100 25 100 25 49 108 Studied * 1Number of plant and office workers. 5 Department and limited-price variety stores were not studied in Cleve land; department stores were not studied in M inneapolis, but were included In St. Paul. 34 Estimated total Studied Portland, Oreg. Estimated total Richmond Studied Estimated total Studied 186 58 40 15 24 90S 412 271 42 116 100 25 Minneapolis-St. Paul 748 188 266 67 137 180 43 42 17 38 407 86 163 33 63 118 30 28 13 21 239 48 102 14 51 94 24 25 12 18 23 26 34 56 20 20 25 37 13 13 11 13 8 7 8 Excluding railroads. 4 Business services; and professional services as engineering, architectural, accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping firms, m otion pictures; and nonprofit membership organizations. 35 A P P E N D IX A T able A -2 .— Estimated total employment and number employed in establishments studied, by industry division, in four selected cities, February-April 1949 Employment in— Cleveland Richmond Portland, Oreg. Minneapolis-St. Paul Industry division Esti mated total 1 In establishments studied Total i A ll divisions............................. Manufacturing.................. Wholesale trade................. Retail trade....................... Finance, insurance, and real estate3..................... T r a n s p o r ta tio n , com munication, and other public utilities................ Services.............................. Office Esti mated tota l1 In establishments studied Total * Esti mated tota l1 Office In establishments studied T ota l1 Esti mated total1 Office In establishments studied Office T ota l1 249,500 178,000 16,600 14,400 112,100 74,100 4,500 9,200 23,200 12,400 1,700 600 137,200 66,100 18,100 17,500 79,800 37,300 6,300 9,700 25,100 7,200 2,800 2,200 64,500 22,000 9,100 13,100 36,500 11,600 2,800 7,100 9,900 2,000 900 1,500 48,100 24,700 6,200 7,900 35,400 20,700 2,300 5,600 7,100 1,600 1,000 800 11,000 4,100 4,100 13,400 8,400 8,400 4,800 3,000 3,000 3,700 2,100 2,100 23,200 6,300 17,700 2,500 3,800 600 17,900 4,200 15,700 2,400 3,600 900 13,700 1,800 11,300 700 2,300 200 4,900 700 4,200 500 1,100 500 1 Plant and office employment. 3 N o attempt was made to separate plant and office employment. T able A -3 . — Estimated number of establishments and number studied in four selected cities, by size of establishment, February-April 1949 Number of establishments in— Cleveland Size of establishment1 Estimated total A ll size groups........................................... 501 and over........................................ 251-500................................................. 101-250.................................................. 26-100................................................... Studied 998 90 107 386 415 186 44 26 62 54 Estimated total Estimated total Studied 748 44 75 254 375 Richmond Portland, Oreg. Minneapolis-St. Paul 180 43 27 55 55 Studied Estimated total 94 20 10 28 36 239 22 13 58 146 118 21 19 30 48 407 24 33 108 242 Studied 1 Plant and office employment. T able A -4 .— Estimated total employment and number employed in establishments studied in four selected cities, February-April 1949 Total employment in— Cleveland Size of establishment1 Esti mated tota l1 In establish ments studied T ota l1 A ll size groups.......................... 501 and over....................... 251-500................................ 101-250............................... 26-100................................. 249,500 138,700 36,500 56,600 17,700 1 Plant and office employment. Minneapolis-St. Paul 112,100 90,500 9,400 9.600 2.600 Office 23,200 16,400 2,600 3,000 1,200 Esti mated tota l1 In establish ments studied T ota l1 137,200 59,600 25,300 37,200 15,100 79,800 59,100 9.500 8,700 2.500 Office 25,100 17,200 2,600 3,300 2,000 Richmond Portland, Oreg. Esti mated tota l1 64,500 25,900 11.400 16,800 10.400 In establish ments studied T ota l1 36,500 23,100 6,500 4,700 2,200 Esti mated tota l1 Office 9,900 6,600 1,300 800 1,200 48,100 28,400 4,300 8.700 6.700 In establish ments studied T ota l1 35,400 26,000 3,200 4,300 1,900 Office 7,100 3,600 1,000 1,300 1,200 APPENDIX B Descriptions o f Occupations Studied Biller, Machine Bookkeeper, Hand A worker who prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary typewriter. M ay also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. Should be desig nated as working on billing machine or book keeping machine as described below. A worker who keeps a set of books for recording business transactions and whose work involves most of the following: posting and balancing sub sidiary ledgers, cash books or journals, journalizing transactions where judgment is involved as to accounts affected; posting general ledger; and taking trial balances. M ay also prepare account ing statements and bills; may direct work of assistants or accounting clerks. Billing Machine A worker who uses a special billing machine (M oon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from customers' purchase orders, internally pre pared order, shipping memoranda, etc. Usu ally involves application of predetermined dis counts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Bookkeeping Machine A worker who uses a bookkeeping machine (Sunstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers' bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Gener ally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on a customer's ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a num ber of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. W orks from uniform and stand ard types of sales and credit slips. 36 Bookkeeping-Machine Operator A worker who operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sunstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register) to keep a record of business transaction. Class A : A worker who uses a bookkeeping machine with or without a typewriter key board to keep a set of records of business transactions usually requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. M ay prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B : A worker who uses a bookkeeping machine with or without a typewriter key board to keep a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records pertaining to business transactions usually requiring some knowledge of basic bookkeeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, pay roll, customers' accounts (not including simple type of billing described under Biller, M a chine), cost distributions, expense distribu- A P P E N D IX 3 tions, inventory control, etc. In addition may check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. Calculating-Machine Operator A worker whose primary function consists of operating a calculating machine to perform mathematical computations other than addition exclusively. Comptometer type Other than Comptometer type Clerk, Accounting A worker who performs one or more accounting operations such as preparing simple journal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers; coding in voices or vouchers with proper accounting dis tributions; entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting and balancing subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledger, e. g., accounts receivable, accounts payable, stock records, voucher journal. M ay’assist in preparing journal entries. For workers whose duties include handling the general ledger or a set of books. (See Bookkeeper.) Clerk, File Class A : A worker who is responsible for maintaining an established filing system and classifies and indexes correspondence or other material; may also file this material. M ay keep records of various types in conjunction with files or supervise others in filing and locating material in the files. M ay perform incidental clerical duties. Class B : A worker who performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been classified, or locates or assists in locating material in files. M ay perform incidental clerical duties. Clerk, General A worker who is typically required to perform a variety of office operations. This requirement may arise as a result of im practicability of special ization in a small office or because versatility is essential in meeting peak requirements in larger offices. The work generally involves the use of 37 independent judgment in tending to a pattern of office work from day to day, as well as knowledge relating to phases o f office work that occur only occasionally. For example, the range of operations performed may entail all or some combination of the following: answering correspondence, preparing bills and invoices, posting to various records, preparing pay rolls, filing, etc. M ay also operate various office machines and types as the work requires. (See Clerk-Typist.) Clerk, Order A worker who receives customers' orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or per sonally and whose duties involve any combination of the following: quoting prices to customers, mak ing out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order, checking prices and quantities o f items on order sheet, distributing order sheets to respec tive departments to be filled. M ay also check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow-up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. Clerk, Pay-Roll A worker who computes wages of company employees and enters the necessary data on the pay-roll sheets and whose duties involve: calculat ing worker's earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on pay-roll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, work ing days, time, rate, deductions for insurance and total wages due. In addition, may make out pay checks and assist the paymaster in making up and distributing the pay envelopes. M ay use a calculating machine. Clerk-Typist A worker who does clerical work requiring little special training but the performance of which requires the use of a typewriter for a major portion of the time and whose work involves typing letters, reports, and other matter from rough draft or corrected copy and one or more o j the following: keeping simple records; filing records and reports; making out bills; sorting and distributing incoming mail. 38 SA LA R IE S OF O FFICE W O R K E R S Office Boy or Girl A worker who performs a variety of routine duties such as running errands; operating minor office machines, such as sealers or mailers; opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work. (Bonded messengers are excluded from this classification.) Stenographer, General A worker whose primary function is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. M ay also type from written copy. M ay also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing machine work. (See Transcribing-Machine Operator.) Stenographer, Technical A worker whose primary function is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabu lary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. M ay also type from written copy. M ay also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing machine work. (See Transcribing-Machine Opera tor.) Switchboard Operator A worker who operates a single or multiple position telephone switchboard, and whose duties involve: handling incoming, outgoing, and intra plant or office calls. In addition, may record toll calls and take messages. As a minor part of duties, may give information to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also do typing or other stenographic work or act as receptionists. (See Switchboard-OperatorReceptionist) Switchboard-Operator-Receptionist A worker who in addition to performing duties of operator, on a single position or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and/or performs typing or other routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker's time while at switchboard. Transcribing-Machine Operator, General A worker whose primary function is to tran scribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing machine records. M ay also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine is classified as a Stenographer, General. Transcribing-Machine Operator, Technical A worker whose primary function is to transcribe dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research from transcribing machine records. M ay also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. A worker who takes dicta tion in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine is classified as a Stenographer, Technical. Typist A worker who uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. M ay operate a teletype machine. Class A : A worker who performs one or more o f the following: typing material in final form from very rough and involved draft; copying from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent and varied use of technical and unusual words or from foreign language copy; combining material from several sources; or planning lay-out of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing, typing tables from rough draft in final form. M ay also type routine form letters, varying details to suit circumstances. Class B : A worker who performs one or more o f the following: typing from relatively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance policies, etc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tables already set up and spaced properly. U. 3 . GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 19 43
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