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UNITED STATES D EPARTM EN T OF LABO R Frances Perkins, Secretary B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S Isador Lubin, Commissioner in cooperation w ith W O R K PROJECTS A D M IN IS T R A T IO N + Salaries and Hours o f Labor in M unicipal Fire Departments V O L U M E V III M ountain Division Cities + Prepared by the D IVISIO N OF C O N S T R U C T IO N A N D PUBLIC E M P L O Y M E N T H E R M A N B. B Y E R , Chief B ulletin 7s[o. 684 U N IT E D S T A T E S G O V E R N M E N T P R IN T IN G OFFICE W A S H IN G T O N : 1940 For sale by the Superintendent o f Documents, Washington, D . C. Price 5 cents UNITED STATES D EPARTM EN T OF LABOR Frances Perkins, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Isador Lubin, Commissioner A . F . Hinrichs, Assistant Commissioner Donald Davenport, Chief, Employment and Occupa tional Outlook Branch Aryness Joy, Chief, Prices and Cost of Living Branch N. Henry J. Fitzgerald, Chief, B usiness M an agem en t Branch Sidney W. Wilcox, Chief Sta tistician Hugh S. Hanna, Chief, Edi torial and Research C H IE F S Arnold Tolies, Chief, Working Conditions and In dustrial Relations Branch OF D IV IS IO N S Herman B. Byer, Construction and Public Employment Florence Peterson, Industrial Relations J. M. Cutts, Wholesale Prices Charles F. Sharkey, Labor Law Information Swen Kjaer, Industrial Acci dents John J. Mahaney, Tabulation Boris Stern, Labor Informa tion Bulletin Machine Stella Stewart, Retail Prices Lewis E. Talbert, ment Statistics Robert J. Myers, Wage and Hour Statistics Employ Faith M. Williams, Cost of Living + STATE, C O UNTY, AND M UNICIPAL SURVEY Jesse M . Hadley, Director n Contents Page Summary__________________________________________________________________ 1 Annual salaries: General level of salaries______________________________________________ Salaries in selected occupations_______________________________________ Salaries of privates____________________________________________________ 2 4 7 Hours and working conditions: Average hours and days on duty per week___________________________ Perquisites supplied to firemen__________________________________________ Vacations with pay______________________________________________________ Promotions of lower-grade privates______________________________________ 9 12 13 13 Percentage distribution of employees and salaries: All employees____________________________________________________________ Supervisory employees___________________________________________________ Distribution of employees and per capital salary cost of fire protection 14 16 17 Appendix: Table A.— Cities covered by this report_________________________________ 18 Table B.— Number of employees and annual salaries by individual cities and occupations______________________________________ 19 Table C.— Average hours and days on duty by occupational divisions. 21 Table D.— Total salaries and total number of employees_____________ 22 h i Letter o f Transmittal U n ited S tates D epar tm en t of L a b o r , B u r e a u of L abor S ta tistic s , W a sh in g to n , D . C ., S ep tem b er 2 5 , 1 9 4 0 . The S ecr e ta r y of L abor: I have the honor to transmit therewith the eighth of a series of nine reports on Salaries and Hours of Labor in Municipal Fire De partments. This report covers cities in the Mountain Division States. An explanation of the purposes of the survey was given in the preface to the first report on the New England cities. I sador L u b in , C o m m issio n er. Hon. F ran ces P e r k in s , S ecreta ry o f L a b or. B u lletin A[o. 684 (V o l. V I I I ) o f the U n ited States B u rea u o f Labor Statistics Salaries and H ours o f Labor in M unicipal Fire Departments, M ountain D ivision C ities1 Summary On July 1, 1938, the fire departments 2 of 10 cities 3 in the Mountain Division employed 904 people whose annual salaries totaled about $1,803,500. Ninety of every 100 employees were in the fire-fighting divisions and the rest were in the fire-prevention, apparatus, fire-alarm, and clerical divisions. Of the 90 in the fire-fighting divisions, 68 were privates, engineers, and drivers; 18 were captains, and lieutenants; and 4 were chiefs and their assistants. Twenty-four percent of all employees in these various divisions were officers or held supervisory positions. The annual salaries of all employees in the 10 fire departments did not show the wide variations found in private industry. All the employees received between $1,200 and $4,200 a year and 88 percent of them received between $1,650 and $2,250 a year. This concentra tion was due to the outstanding characteristic of fire-department salaries, namely, the small differences between the salaries of officers or those holding supervisory positions and the rest of the employees. The supervisory employees, who constituted 24 percent of all em ployees, received 26 percent of the total salaries, a ratio of 1.0 to 1.1. Of every $100 spent for salaries $89 went to the fire-fighting divi sions. Of these $89, $65 went to privates, engineers, and drivers; $19 went to captains and lieutenants; and $5, to chiefs and their assistants. 1A n a l y s i s a n d p r e s e n t a t io n b y A r t h u r D a d ia n . E d it i n g a n d t a b u la t io n o f d a t a b y M a h lo n B . B u c k m a n . C a r o l P . B r a in e r d , t e c h n ic a l a d v is e r . 2R e l a t i v e l y lit t le g e n e ra l in f o r m a t io n is a v a ila b le o n e m p lo y m e n t a n d s a la r ie s in c it y fir e d e p a r t m e n t s , in s p it e o f th e im p o r t a n c e o f t h e i r f u n c t io n s a n d t h e c o n s id e r a b le n u m b e r o f t h e i r e m p lo y e e s . A stu d y on t h e “ S a l a r i e s a n d W o r k i n g C o n d i t i o n s o f F i r e D e p a r t m e n t E m p l o y e e s , 1 93 4 ” w a s m a d e b y t h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s a n d w a s p u b l i s h e d i n t h e M o n t h l y L a b o r R e v i e w o f N o v e m b e r 1 93 5. I n th e p re s e n t s t u d y t h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s , i n c o o p e r a t io n w i t h t h e W o r k P r o j e c t s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n , h a s u n d e r t a k e n t o c o m p i le t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n , a s o f J u l y m o re . 1, 1 93 8, f o r c i t i e s i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s h a v i n g a p o p u l a t i o n o f 2 5 ,0 0 0 o r T h i s r e p o r t f o r 10 M o u n t a i n D i v i s i o n c i t i e s i s o n e o f a s e r ie s w h i c h i s b e i n g i s s u e d b y g e o g r a p h i c d iv is io n s . 3T h i s r e p o r t c o v e r s o n l y c i t i e s h a v i n g a p o p u l a t i o n o f 2 5 ,0 0 0 o r m o r e , t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s c e n s u s o f p o p u l a t i o n f o r 1 930 b e i n g u s e d t o d e t e r m i n e t h e s i z e o f t h e c i t i e s . S e e a p p e n d ix fo r l i s t o f t h e S t a t e s i n t h e M o u n t a i n D i v i s i o n a n d t h e c it ie s in c lu d e d i n t h i s b u l le t i n . 1 2 SALARIES AND HOURS, FIRE DEPARTMENTS In general the large cities paid higher salaries than the small cities. This was especially the case for the supervisory occupations which entailed greater responsibility in the large cities. In addition to salaries the 10 fire departments gave their employees an average of 14 days of vacation with pay, sleeping quarters for men on night duty, and various items such as rubber boots and rubber coats. The income of the uniformed force is affected by the promotion policy of the fire departments. In the present study data were obtained, regarding promotions, only for lower-grade privates. Nine of the 10 fire departments automatically promoted their lower-grade privates after a specified period of service. The hours of employment did not show wide differences. Of every 10 employees 8 worked under the 2-shift, or 2-platoon, system of assignment which averaged 84 hours on duty per week; 1 worked under the 3-shift, or 3-platoon, system of assignment which averaged 49 hours on duty per week; and 1 had other hours which averaged 47 working hours per week. These average weekly hours on duty were spread over a varying number of average weekly days on duty, depending upon the system of operation in the particular city. Sixty-four percent of the employees worked under the variation of the 2-platoon system which averaged 3 % days on duty per week. The rest of the employees were on duty between 5% and 7 days per week. On the basis of the 1930 population figures, the 10 cities had a fire-department employee for approximately every 800 inhabitants, at a per capita salary cost of about $2.50. Annual Salaries General Level o f Salaries The annual salaries in the fire departments of the 10 cities in the Mountain States were concentrated within a narrow range. Three percent of all employees received less than $1,650 a year; 16 percent received between $1,650 and $1,850; 72 percent, between $1,850 and $2,250; and 9 percent, $2,250 and over. The maximum salary in the Mountain Division was $4,200 a year. This concentration in earnings is largely explained by the relatively small differences in annual salaries found to exist among the various occupations within a fire department and even for the same occupation among the 10 fire departments. The annual salaries were somewhat higher in the large than in the small cities. Thus 94 percent of the employees in the 2 cities having a population of 100,000 or more received an annual salary of $1,850 or more compared with 31 percent in the 1 city having a population of 50,000 and under 100,000; and 72 percent in the 7 cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000. 268143* EMPLOYEES IN FIRE DEPARTMENTS OF 10 MOUNTAIN DIVISION CITIES r § BY SALARY GROUP AND SIZE OF CITY PERCENT OF EMPLOYEES JULY 1,1938 PERCENT OF EMPLOYEES to M OUNTAIN DIVISION CITIES! U. S BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 00 4 SALARIES AND HOURS, FIRE DEPARTMENTS For the sake of brevity and comparability with other releases, the two largest cities mentioned above will be designated in this release as group I, the one medium-sized city as group II, and the seven smaller cities as group III. T a b l e 1«— D istrib u tio n o f em p lo yees in fire departm ents o f 1 0 M o u n ta in D iv isio n cities , b y sala ry group and size o f c ity , J u l y 1 , 19SS Number Salary group All groups_____________________________ All cities 2 904 Percent City group1 I II 524 III 64 Under $1,250_______________ ____________ $1,250 and under $1,350. __ ______________ $1,350 and under $1,450________________ $1,450 and under $1,550___ _______________ $1,550 and under $1,650. _________________ 1 3 8 2 9 $1,650 and under $1,750__________ ____ ___ $1,750 and under $1,850. _ . _____________ $1,850 and under $1,950___________________ $1,950 and under $2,050__ _____________ .. $2,050 and under $2,150___________________ 69 74 353 138 13 19 14 249 125 8 4 39 15 $2,150 and under $2,250---------------------$2,250 and under $2,350 ________________ $2,350 and under $2,450. ____ ___ _____ _ $2,450 and under $2,550__ ______ ________ . . .. $2,550 and under $2,650. ______ 151 27 21 1 6 78 10 3 5 1 $2,650 and under $2,750___________________ $2,750 and under $2,850. _ ________________ $2,850 and under $2,950___________________ $2 950 and under $3,050 ___ _____ $3,050 and over _ ___ ___________ ____ 16 2 2 5 3 12 1 316 m o 1 1 32 1 City group * All cities I II 100.0 100.0 3 8 2 9 .l .3 .9 .2 1.0 46 21 89 13 4 7.6 8.2 39.1 15.3 1.4 3.6 2.7 47.5 23.9 1.5 6.2 60.9 23.4 70 17 21 1 16.7 3.0 2.3 .1 .7 14.9 1.9 4.7 .9 1.6 4 1 2 4 *1 1.8 .2 .2 .6 .3 2.3 .2 1.6 .2 .4 1.6 III 100.0 1.0 2.5 .6 2.9 14.5 6.6 28.2 4.1 1.3 22.2 5. 4 6.6 .3 1.3 .3 .6 1.3 .3 1 Group I includes 2 cities having a population of 100,000 or more; group II, 1 city having a population of 50,000 and under 100,000; and group III, 7 cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000, based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930 2 Includes only regular, full-time employees. 3 Includes 1 at $3,600, and 1 at $4,200. 4 Receives $3,600. Salaries in Selected Occupations The annual salaries of the various occupations within a fire depart ment did not show large differences. This was especially so in the lower ranking or nonsupervisory occupations which included about three-fourths of all the employees. The average annual salary of the 10 chiefs, the highest-paid officers, was only $1,162 higher than the average annual salary of first-grade privates. The differences were much less among the majority of the employees. The average annual salary of captains was only $214 more and that of lieutenants only $93 more than that of first-grade privates. These differences in annual salaries of the various occupations within a fire department were greater in the large than in the small cities because in the large cities the supervisory occupations entailed greater responsibility. The difference between the average annual salary of chiefs and first-grade privates was $1,965 in group I cities compared with $780 in group II and $996 in group III cities. The 5 MOUNTAIN DIVISION CITIES difference between the average annual salary of captains and firstgrade privates, on the other hand, was $243 in group I cities, $120 in the group II city, and $220 in group III cities. For the same occupation the large cities paid somewhat higher salaries than the small cities. The differences were more pronounced in the higher-ranking occupations. The average annual salary of chiefs in group I cities was $1,320 higher than that for the chief in the group II city and $977 higher than that for the chiefs in group III cities. The average annual salary of first-grade privates in group I cities, on the other hand, was $135 higher than that of first-grade privates in the group II city, and $8 higher than that of first-grade privates in group III cities. The salary ranges shown in table 2 reveal the existence of many exceptions to the generalization that annual salaries are higher in the large than in the small cities. Two group III cities, Phoenix and Tucson, Ariz., for example, paid higher salaries to their privates than the other eight cities. These exceptions show that factors other than size of the city affect the annual salaries in a given city. The wealth, or ability of the given city to pay high salaries, is always an important factor. It was primarily because of this factor that the differences by city groups were not so pronounced in the Mountain Division as they are in other geographic divisions. T a b l e 2 .— D istrib u tion o f fire-d epa rtm en t em p lo yees in 1 0 M o u n ta in D iv isio n c ities, by selected occupation s and sala ry g ro u p , J u ly 1 , 1 9 3 8 All occupations Salary group All cities City group 1 I II Assistant or deputy chiefs Chiefs III All cities City group 1 I II III All cities City group i I II III 1 7 9 10 2 1 7 10 2 1 Number of cities reporting. 2 6 Total number of employ 10 7 2 1 11 904 524 64 316 ees 4_____________ ____ 2 2 7 1 1 Under $1,250 3 3 $1,250 and under $1,350— . $1,350 and under $1,450___ 8 8 2 2 $1,450 and under $1,550__ 9 9 $1,550 and under $1,650__ 19 $1,650 and under $1,750__ 69 4 46 39 21 $1,750 and under $1,850__ 74 14 353 249 15 89 $1,850 and under $1,950__ 125 13 $1,950 and under $2,050__ 138 . $2,050 and under $2,150__ 13 8 4 70 151 78 3 4 2 2 $2,150 and under $2,250... 10 17 $2,250 and under $2,350.... 27 1 1 $2,350 and under $2,450__ 21 21 3 3 1 1 1 1 $2,450 and under $2,550__ 1 1 $2,550 and under $2,650__ 5 6 1 1 1 $2,650 and under $2,750__ 16 12 4 1 1 1 2 1 $2,750 and under $2,850__ 2 $2,850 and under $2,950__ 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 $2,950 and under $3,050__ 5 1 4 1 3 u1 82 $3,050 and over . _ 3 2 Average annual salary___ $1,995 $2,009 $1,846 $2,002 $3,084 $3,900 $2,580 $2,923 $2,473 $2,880 $2,160 $2,446 See footnotes at end of table. SALARIES AND HOURS, FIRE DEPARTMENTS T a b l e 2 . — Distribution of fire-department employees in 10 Mountain Division cities, by selected occupations and salary group, July 1, 1988— Continued Assistant deputy chiefs Salary group City group 1 All cities 2 I Number of cities reporting___________________ Total number of employees 4________________ Bat talion chiefs: City group i III Captains Lieutenants City group 1 All cities I I II All cities 2 III City group 1 I III 2 1 1 1 10 2 1 7 5 2 3 11 10 1 2 123 61 14 48 40 26 14 11 1 8 4 7 7 14 3 16 12 3 4 14 14 Under $1,250____________ $1,250 and under $1,350. __ $1,350 and under $1,450.. _ $1,450 and under $1,550. __ $1,550 and under $1,650. __ $1,650 and under $1,750__ $1,750 and under $1,850__ $1,850 and under $1,950__ $1,950 and under $2,050__ $2,050 and under $2,150__ 11 15 8 4 52 17 16 $2,150 and under $2,250__ $2,250 and under $2,350__ $2,350 and under $2,450__ $2,450 and under $2,550__ $2,550 and under $2,650__ $2,650 and under $2,750__ $2,750 and under $2,850__ $2,850 and under $2,950. _ $2,950 and under $3,050__ $3,050 and o v e r __ ____ Average annual salary___ 1 $2,713 $2,700 $2,844 All cities2 $2, 580 $2,136 $2,178 $1,920 $2,147 Driv ers: City group1 City group 1 III I Number of cities report ing . . .._ Total number of em ployees 4 ____ $1,750__ $1,850. . $1,950__ $2,050___ $2,150 .. $2,150 and under $2,250 and under $2,350 and under $2,450 and under $2,550 and under $2,250___ $2,350 $2,450 $2,550 ___ $2,650___ $2,650 and under $2,750 and under $2,850 and under $2,950 and under $3,050 and over $2,750. . $2,850___ $2,950. $3,050___ . _____ Privates, all grades I II $2,015 $2,105 $1,847 Auto mechanics City group 1 All cities III City group 1 All cities III I II III 4 1 3 3 10 2 1 7 4 1 1 2 65 35 30 21 529 325 41 163 12 8 1 3 Under $1,250____________ $1,250 and under $1,350 $1,350 and under $1,450 __ $1,450 and under $1,550._ $1,550 and under $1,650 _ _ $1,650 and under $1,750 and under $1,850 and under $1,950 and under $2,050 and under 8 16 2 10 10 1 Engineers, fire engine Salary group 52 9 3 8 2 9 8 8 4 6 35 6 3 50 59 290 72 16 14 36 16 35 3 8 2 9 19 14 221 71 4 37 27 8 69 1 1 8 36 1 8 2 2 1 1 Average annual salary----- $2,019 $2,040 $1,994 $2,021 $1,893 $1,914 $1, 791 $1,874 $2,179 $2,100 $1,800 $2, 516 See footnotes at end o f table. 7 MOUNTAIN DIVISION CITIES' T a b l e 2 . — Distribution of fire-department employees in 10 Mountain Division cities, by selected occupations and salary group, July 1, 1988— Continued Fire alarm operators Salary group All cities2 City group 1 Number of cities reporting-------------------------Total number of employees 4___ __ All cities2 III I Linemen Electricians City group i All cities3 III I Others City group 1 All cities II I I $2,150 and under $2,250 and under $2,350 and under $2,450 and under $2,550 and under $2,250 _ $2,350__ $2,450 $2,550 $2,650 III II 4 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 6 2 1 3 20 11 9 2 1 1 12 11 1 46 30 4 12 1 Under $1,250 . $1,250 and under $1,350 . $1,350 and under $1,450 $1,450 and under $1,550 $1,550 and under $1,650 $1,650 and under $1,750 _ $1,750 and under $1,850 $1,850 and under $1,950__ $1,950 and under $2,050__ $2,050 and under $2,150 City group 10 4 6 7 4 3 6 1 1 i 11 1 11 1 1 2 15 2 1 10 2 1 15 2 12 1 1 3 3 5 2 $2,650 and under $2,750 $2,750 and under $2,850 $2,850 and under $2,950 $2,950 and under $3,050 $3,050 and over__ _ Average annual salary__ $2,059 $1,942 $2,274 $2,190 $1,980 $2,400 $1,910 $1,920 $1,800 1 (7) (7) 2 4 1 2 1 3 (7) (7) 1 Group I includes 2 cities having a population of 100,000 or more; group II, 1 city having a population of 50,000 and under 100,000; and group III, 7 cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000, based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. 2No persons in this occupation in the city falling in group II. 3No persons in this occupation in the cities of group III. 4 Includes only regular, full-time employees. 5 Includes 1 at $3,600 and 1 at $4,200. 6 Receives $3,600. 7 No average computed because such a heterogeneous group of occupations. Salaries o f Privates Privates constituted 6 out of every 10 employees and received $5.50 out of every $10 spent in salaries in the fire departments of the 10 Mountain Division cities. These proportions are smaller than in most of the other geographic divisions in the United States, because small cities prevail to a greater extent in the Mountain States. Furthermore, in small cities supervisory employees have fewer people under their supervision and consequently they constitute a larger proportion of all employees than is found to be the case in the large cities. The annual salaries of privates did not show wide variations. Four percent of the number reporting received less than $1,650 a year; approximately 76 percent received between $1,650 and $1,950; and about 20 percent between $1,950 and $2,250. Although the 8 SALARIES AND HOURS, FIRE DEPARTMENTS annual salaries of privates were somewhat higher in the large than in the small cities, the differences by city groups were not clear cut because of the small number of cities on which to base conclusions and the relatively high salaries in some of the group III cities. The actual average annual salaries were $1,914 for group I cities compared with $1,791 for the group II city and $1,874 for the group III cities. Eighty-five percent of all privates were first-grade privates and the rest were mostly second- and third-grade privates. It may also be noted that because of their greater number of privates, the large cities maintained a greater number of grades than the small cities. T a b l e 3.— Distribution of privates in fire departments of 10 Mountain Division cities, by salary group and grade, July 1, 1988 All grades Number Percent Salary group All cities _ 529 $1,250 and under $1,350 ____ ___ $1,350 and under $1,450__ _ $1,450 and under $1,550__ _ ______ $1,550 and under $1,650_____ ______ $1,650 and under $1,750___ _________ 3 8 2 9 50 $1,750 and under $1,850__ ______ ___ $1,850 and under $1,950- _ _________ $1,950 and under $2,050 $2,050 and under $2,150 _ ______ $2,150 and under $2,250 _____ _ 59 290 72 All groups __ ____ _____ ___ _ City group 1 I II 325 III All cities 41 163 100.0 19 4 3 8 2 9 27 .6 1. 5 .4 1. 7 9.4 14 221 71 37 8 69 1 11. 2 54. 8 13.6 36 6.8 36 City group 1 I II III 100.0 100.0 5. 8 9.8 1. 8 4.9 1. 2 5. 5 16. 6 4.3 68.0 21.9 90.2 100.0 4.9 42.4 .6 22. 1 Number of privates in specified grade First Second Salary group All cities ________ ____ 450 $1,250 and under $1,350 . _ ______ $1,350 and under $1,450__________ $1,450 and under $1,550. _ __ __ __ $1,550 and under $1,650__ ____ _ . $1,650 and under $1,750.___ _______ All groups.. . __ . 3 27 $1,750 and under $1,850__ _ ___ _ $1,850 and under $1,950__ ______ $1,950 and under $2,050___________ $2,050 and under $2,150___ _____ _ $2,150 and under $2,250___________ See footnote at end o f table. City group 1 I 276 II III 37 137 All cities 29 City group 1 I II 16 III 2 8 45 268 71 36 3 27 205 71 37 8 63 36 8 1 2 17 1 11 2 16 1 1 1 9 MOUNTAIN DIVISION CITIES! T a b l e 3 .— Distribution of privates in fire departments of 10 Mountain Division cities, by salary group and grade, July 1, 1938— Continued Number of privates in specified grade—Continued Fourth Third Fifth Salary group All cities All groups _ 30 ____ $1,250 and under $1,350___________ $1,350 and under $1,450 $1,450 and under $1,550____________ $1,550 and under $1,650 __ $1,650 and under $1,750 _ __ $1,750 and under $1,850 $1,850 and under $1,950 $1,950 and under $2,050 $2 050 and under $2,150 $2 150 and under $2,250 _________ _ __ - - ___- City group 1 T 18 II 2 III 10 All cities 15 City group 1 I III 15 3 3 II All cities 4 14 5 14 2 15 I II 5 -- 15 I ll 5 — - 2 2 6 City group 1 5 _ 5 - - 1 Group I includes 2 cities having a population of 100,000 or more; group II, 1 city having a population of 50,000 and under 100,000; and group III, 7 cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000, based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. Hours and Working Conditions Average Hours and Days on D uty Per Week A large majority of the employees in a fire department— all of the uniformed men except a few officers— work under a platoon system of assignment. The rest of the employees are either on continuous duty or have the working hours prevailing in the other city offices. Under the platoon system, the firemen are so assigned to duty as to insure that the city is equally protected at all times. The platoon arrangement is analogous to the shift system in industries operating 24 hours a day. There are 3 different types of platoon systems: (1) Single-platoon system, (2) 2-platoon system, and (3) 3-platoon system. Under the single-platoon system each fireman stays on duty continuously for 2 or more days, depending upon the variation of the system in use in the particular locality, and then has a day off. The off days are so arranged that the fire department is equally staffed at all hours. The length of the period on duty between off days determines the average weekly number of hours and days on duty under the single platoon system. The shorter the period on duty the shorter the average weekly hours and days on duty. The shortest average hours and days on duty noted under the single-platoon system is the one with 2 days on and the third day off. It averages 112 hours or 4.7 days on duty per week. In no instance, however, does the single platoon system ever reach 168 hours or 7 days of duty per week, 10 SALARIES AND HOURS, FIRE DEPARTMENTS because under all variations of the single-platoon system the firemen are given a day off duty at regular intervals. The single-platoon system used to be the most prevalent system. Now a majority of the cities operate under the 2-platoon system. Under the 2-platoon system the firemen are divided into two groups and work in two tours. While one group is at work, the other is off duty. The firemen, however, do not work on the same tour constantly but change from day to night duty at regular intervals. Usually, before shifting from day to night duty, or vice versa, the men on duty stay on for 24 hours while those off duty remain off for 24 hours. Thus, the full day off duty is balanced by a full day on duty every other tour. Hence, even with a full day off every other tour, each group stays on duty an average of 12 hours a day, or 84 hours a week. In some fire departments, however, the firemen are given additional time off duty which is not compensated for by a like period on duty. In those fire departments the average hours on duty per week is less than 84, usually 72. The interval of time between the change of tours, or the frequency of the tours, is not the same in all cities operating under the 2-platoon system of assignment. In some cities shifts occur as frequently as every 24 hours, whereas in others they occur as seldom as every 30 days. The frequency of the shifts does not affect the average hours on duty per week under the 2-platoon system because under all varia tions of this system the firemen average 12 hours a day, except in cities that give additional time off duty. The frequency of the shifts under the 2-platoon system, however, does affect and determine the average number of days on duty per week in the given fire department. The more frequent shifts result in a fewer number of average days on duty per week. The tour with 24 hours on and 24 hours off averages the least number of days on duty per week, 3% days, and the tour with no time off duty averages the most, 7 days. Thus, the different cities operating under the 2-platoon system and having the same number of average hours on duty per week, 84 hours if no additional time off duty is given, may have average days on duty per week between 3% and 7 days. The present trend is away from the 2-platoon system to the 3platoon system, with shorter hours and days on duty per week. Under the 3-platoon system the 24-hour day is divided into 3 tours. Thus, 56 is the maximum average hours and 7 the maximum days on duty per week under the 3-platoon system. In cities where the firemen are given a day or a fraction of a day holiday each week, the hours on duty per week are less than 56, and the days less than 7. In fire depart ments that do not give time off duty, the firemen are usually divided into 3 groups and each group works 8 hours a day. In fire depart ments that do give time off duty, the 3 tours are divided among more MOUNTAIN DIVISION CITIES 11 than 3 groups of firemen so as to fill the gap left by those having the time off duty. In a very few fire departments a small number of the officers work under a different platoon system than the rest of the firemen, which fact results in a combination of two different platoon systems in the same fire department. However, such cases are rare. Almost every fire department operates wholly under one of the three platoon systems (single-platoon, 2-platoon, or 3-platoon system). Almost every fire department has a small number of employees not included under the platoon system. These employees fall into two groups— those on “ continuous” duty, and “ other.” In most of the fire departments the chief and a few of his immediate assistants, including those in charge of the various divisions within the fire department, such as the superintendent of fire-alarm division, are subject to call any moment and are therefore considered to be on duty continuously. The “ other” group includes mostly nonuniformed employees such as clerks and maintenance men who are not required to fight fires. These employees usually have the working hours prevalent in private industry or the other departments of the city government. Of the fire departments in the 10 Mountain Division cities covered by this study, 8 operated under the 2-platoon system of assignment with an average of 84 hours on duty per week, and 2 under the 3platoon system with a holiday every eighth day, which system aver aged 49 hours on duty per week. None of the 10 fire departments operated under the single platoon system. The 2-platoon system in cluded almost 80 percent and the 3-platoon system included 9 percent of all employees in the 10 fire departments. Of the remaining 11 percent, 2 percent, made up wholly of chiefs, assistant chiefs, and assistant deputy chiefs, were on continuous duty. The rest, 9 per cent, had working hours similar to those prevailing in the other city departments, an average of 47 hours and 5% days per week. All but 4 of the 83 employees having “ other” hours were outside the fire fighting divisions.4 Usually the hours on duty are shorter in the large than in the small cities. But because of the 3-platoon system in two small cities, the average hours on duty per week were shorter in group III than in group I or group II cities. The average days on duty ranged between 3% and 7 days per week. Of the 80 percent of all employees working under the 2-platoon system, 64 percent were under the variation with 24 hours on and 24 hours off, which averaged 3% days per week. Of the remaining 16 percent of the employees under the 2-platoon system, 12 percent were on duty * See appendix table O. 12 SALARIES AND HOURS, FIRE DEPARTMENTS an average of 6% days per week and 4 percent were on duty an average of 7 days per week. With a holiday every eighth day the 3-platoon system, which included 9 percent of all employees, averaged little over 6 days per week. Two percent of the employees were on con tinuous duty and consequently were on duty 7 days a week. The 9 percent under “ other” worked an average of little over 5% days a week. The average number of days on duty per week were shorter in the large than in the small cities, because both the cities in group I and the one city in group II, operated under the variation of the 2-platoon system which averaged 3K days per week. T a b l e 4.— Average hours and days on duty per week in fire departments of 10 Mountain Division cities, July 1, 1938 System of operation of cities Number of employees Percent of employees Aver Aver Number reporting age age hours days on on City group 1 City group 1 duty duty All City group 1 All All per per cities cities cities week week I I II III I II III II III 2904 524 64 316 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 5 5 2 2 1 21 717 576 105 36 12 457 457 3 56 56 6 2.3 2.3 4.7 1.9 204 79.3 87.2 87.5 64.5 63 63.7 87.2 87.5 19.9 105 11.6 33.2 36 4.0 11.4 2 5 83 83 55 5 All systems____________ Continuous duty. _____ _ 2-platoon—Regular3____ On 24 hours, off 24 hours. _ Shift 7th day_____ _____ Shift each week____ _ 3-platoon:4 8-hour tours, off every 8th day Other 8_____________ . . . 168 7.0 84 84 84 3.5 6.5 7.0 7 8 5 2 1 49 46.6 6.1 5.6 2 8 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 83 23 9.2 9.2 10.5 7.8 26. 3 7.3 1 Group I includes 2 cities having a population of 100,000 or more; group II, 1 city having a population of 50,000 and under 100,000; and group III, 7 cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000. Based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. 2 Includes only regular, full-time employees. 3 Under each variation of the regular 2-platoon system the employees work in 2 groups, 1 group is on duty while the other is off duty. Over a period of days, therefore, each group is on duty as many hours as the other, or 12 hours a day and 84 hours a week. Each variation of the 2-platoon system, however, spreads these 84 hours into different numbers of days on duty per week. The average number of days on duty per week for each variation is arrived at by dividing the number of days on duty per year by 52.143. 4 The average number of hours and days on duty per week is arrived at by dividing the total number of man-hours or man-days on duty per year by 52.143. 8 The average number of working hours and days on duty per week is arrived at by dividing the total number of weekly man-hours and man-days by the total number of employees under “ other.” Perquisites Supplied to Firemen The fire departments of all the 10 cities supplied their firemen with specified lists of items without charge. All the cities furnished sleeping quarters for men on night duty, and 4 of them supplied the necessary beds, bedding, linen, and laundry. Only 1 city furnished uniforms. 13 M OUNTAIN DIVISION CITIES! T a b l e 5 . — Perquisites supplied to firemen in 10 M ountain Division cities, J u ly 1, 1938 Number of cities supplying— City group 1 N um Sleeping ber quarters of cities for men on night duty Beds, bedding, linen, laundry and M in ub R ub Uni Cloth trim Hel Rber or ber mets coats boots forms mings for items uniform _________________ 10 10 4 5 5 Group I _____ __ _ Group II Group I I I _______________________ 2 1 7 2 1 7 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 All cities_____ 2 1 1 2 2 5 1 1 1 3 1 i Group I includes 2 cities having a population of 100,000 or more; group II, 1 city having a population of 50,000 and under 100,000, and group III, 7 cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000, based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. Vacations With Pay All but 24 of the 904 employees in the 10 fire departments received vacations with pay. Vacation periods ranged between 7 and 16 days a year but periods of 14 and 15 days predominated and included 93 percent of all employees. The vacation periods were somewhat longer in the large than in the small cities. The average vacation period in group I cities was 14.3 days compared with 13.8 and 13.7 days, respectively, in group II and group III cities. T able 6 «— N um ber of employees receiving specified vacation with pay in fire depart ments of 10 M ountain Division cities, J u ly 1, 1938 C ity grou p 1 All cities . __ _ __ ___ Group I__ __________ _____ __ Group II _____ ___ _ _ Group III . . . . __________ Number of employees having— Number of cities Total number of em ployees 10 2 904 24 2 1 7 524 64 316 15 7 No vaca days tion 8 days 11 days 14 days 2 31 1 255 589 388 ~T 121 62 72 2 9 31 15 days 201 16 days 2 2 1 Group I includes 2 cities having a population of 100,000 or more; group II, 1 city having a population of 50,000 and under 100,000; and group III, 7 cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000, based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. 2 Includes only regular, full-time employees. Promotions of Lower-Grade Privates All of the 10 fire departments had definite promotion policies for their lower-grade privates. Of the 10 fire departments 8 automatically promoted their lower-grade privates after 1 year’s service and 1 after 6 months’ probation. One group III city promoted its lower-grade privates after civil service examination. The data on promotions did not show any characteristic differences resulting from the size of the cities. 14 T SALARIES AND HOURS, FERE DEPARTMENTS able 7 .— Prom otion of lower-grade privates in fire departments of 10 M ountain Division cities , J u ly 1 , 1938 Number of cities with pro motion after— ___ _ _ _________ 6 months 10 529 1 8 1 2 1 7 325 41 163 i 2 1 5 1 Number of cities C ity group 1 All cities__ Total number of privates ______________ Group I . _____ __ ____ __ _ __ __ _ Group I I _______________ _ _ __ _ __ __ __ _ Group I I I _____ ______ _ _ _________ ___ _ - Civil service examina tion 1 year 1 Group I includes 2 cities having a population of 100,000 or more; group II, 1 city having a population of 50,000 and under 100,000; and group III, 7 cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000, based on CJ. S. Census of Population for 1930. Percentage Distribution of Employees and Salaries A ll Employees In the fire departments of the 10 Mountain Division cities 90 out of every 100 employees were in the fire-fighting divisions. The rest were in the fire-prevention, apparatus, fire-alarm, and clerical divi sions. Of the 90 in the fire-fighting divisions, 4 were chiefs, chief’s assistants, and battalion chiefs, 18 were captains and lieutenants, and 68 were engineers, drivers, and privates. The m ajority of the fire departments do not distinguish between privates, drivers, and engineers but classify them all as privates. Among the fire departments of the 10 cities covered by this study, for example, 4 fire departments reported engineers and 3 reported drivers. For purposes of comparison with other geographic divisions, therefore, it is desirable to combine the numbers of privates, drivers, and engi neers. Usually these 3 occupations combined constitute threefourths of the fire-department employees. In the fire departments of the 10 Mountain Division cities these 3 occupations constituted less than three-fourths, 68 percent, of all employees. This difference was due to the fact that in the small cities officers, men holding highranking positions, have a relatively smaller number of people working under their supervision. Consequently, officers constitute a larger proportion and nonofficers, such as privates and drivers, constitute a smaller proportion of all employees in the small than in the large cities. In some large cities, supervisory employees constitute as little as 12 percent of all employees of the fire department. In comparison with this, in the 10 Mountain Division cities supervisory employees constituted 24 percent of all employees. For purposes of comparison the data on captains and lieutenants also should be combined. Usually fire departments have from one and MOUNTAIN DIVISION CITIES 15 one-half times to twice as many captains as lieutenants. However, some cities have more lieutenants than captains and some cities, on the other hand, have no lieutenants at all. In the 10 fire departments captains and lieutenants constituted 18 percent of all employees. This percentage is higher than the percentage for these 2 occupations in most other geographic divisions because of the small size of the cities in the Mountain Division. Officers, or those holding high-ranking occupations, constituted a smaller percentage of the total number of fire-department employees in the large than in the small cities. Chiefs, for example, formed 0.4 percent of all employees in group I cities compared with 1.6 percent in the group II city, and 2.2 percent in group III cities. Of every $100 spent in salaries in the 10 fire departments, $89 went to the fire-fighting divisions and the rest to the fire-prevention, apparatus, fire-alarm, and clerical divisions. Of the $89 spent in salaries for the fire-fighting divisions, $4 went to chiefs, chiefs’ assist ants, and battalion chiefs, $19 to captains and lieutenants, and $66 to engineers, drivers, and privates. In the large cities the officers, or those holding supervisory positions, received a smaller proportion of the total salaries than in the small cities. Chiefs, for example, received 0.7 percent of total salaries in group I cities, compared with 2.2 percent in the group II city, and 3.2 percent in group III cities. The percentage distributions of employees and of salaries by divi sions within a fire department were almost identical. The employees in the fire-fighting divisions, for example, constituted 90 percent of all employees and received 90 percent of the total salaries. A similar situation prevailed in fire-prevention, apparatus, fire-alarm, and cler ical divisions. Within each division, however, there were characteristic variations resulting from the fact that officers received a larger share of the total salaries in proportion to their numbers and non officers received a smaller share of the salaries in proportion to their numbers. Chiefs, for example, constituted 1.1 percent of all employees but received 1.7 percent of the total salaries. Privates, on the other hand, constituted 59 percent of all employees and received 56 percent of the total salaries. These characteristic differences among the occupations within a division were more pronounced in the large than in the small cities because in the large cities the officers received a relatively greater proportion of the total salaries. Chiefs in group I cities constituted 0.4 percent of all employees and received 0.7 percent of the total salaries, a ratio of 1 to 1.8. For the same occupation the ratio was 1 to 1.4 in the group II city and 1 to 1.5 in the group III cities. 16 T able SALARIES AND HOURS, EIRE DEPARTMENTS 8 .— Percentage distributions of employees and salaries in specified divisions in fire departments of 10 M ountain Region cities, J u ly 1, 1938 Percent of employees Division 1 and occupation Percent of salaries C ity group 2 All cities C ity group 2 All cities I II III I II III All divisions_________________ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Fire fighting_________________ Chiefs___________________ Assistant or deputy chiefs. Assistant deputy chiefs__ Battalion chiefs__________ Captains_________________ Lieutenants______________ Engineers, fire engine____ Drivers__________________ Privates, all grades_______ 89.8 1.1 1.2 1.2 .2 13.6 4.4 7.2 2.3 58.6 88.4 .4 .4 1.9 .4 11.6 5.0 6.7 90.6 1.6 3.1 92.1 2.2 2.2 .3 91.2 3.2 2.7 .5 22.7 62.0 64.0 15.2 4.4 9.5 6.7 51.6 88.0 .7 .5 2.6 .5 12.6 5. 2 6.8 90.7 2.2 3.7 21.9 89.3 1.7 1.5 1.7 .3 14.5 4. 5 7.3 2.3 55.5 59.1 62. i 16.3 4.1 9. 5 6. 7 48.2 Fire prevention______________ Apparatus___________________ Fire alarm_________________ Clerical______________________ 1.5 3.3 4.4 1.0 1.7 3.8 5.0 1.1 1.3 1.9 3.8 .9 1.5 3.6 4.6 1.0 1.8 4.2 4.9 1.1 5.9 3.4 6.3 3.1 1.4 2.2 4.3 .9 1 All fire departments assign men from the fire-fighting division to the other divisions and carry these assigned men on the fire-fighting division list. This is done to provide the fire department with a reserve for cases of emergency. As a result of this method of assignment, the fire-fighting division is always shown to be larger than it actually is on a routine day. Some other factors are also responsible for the small size of the non-fire-fighting divisions. In some cities, for example, the maintenance work is let to private con tractors, part of the fire-prevention work is done by the building inspector’s office, and the fire-alarm work is done b y the local telephone company or b y a separate city bureau. 2 Group I includes 2 cities having a population of 100,000 or more; group II, 1 city having a population of 50,000 and under 100,000, and group III, 7 cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000, based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. Supervisory Employees An important fact revealed by this study was the relatively small difference between the salaries of supervisory and nonsupervisory employees in fire departments. In the fire departments of the 10 Mountain Division cities supervisory employees constituted 24 percent of all employees and received 26 percent of the total salaries. It was this small difference which was mostly responsible for the concentra tion of annual salaries within a narrow range. As shown in table 10 the ratio of salaries to employees was even smaller in the small than in the large cities. Supervisory employees constituted almost one-fourth of all em ployees in the 10 fire departments. As was pointed out before, this figure represents a rather high proportion of supervisory employees and is due to the fact that almost all of the 10 cities covered by this release were relatively small in size. In the small cities the officers supervise a relatively smaller number of men and thus constitute a relatively larger proportion of the total number of employees. This difference in the proportion of supervisory employees between large and small cities, however, is compensated for by the fact that in the small cities supervisory employees have more varied duties. Officers 17 M O U NTAIN DIVISION CITIES in a small city often do their own clerical work and have part-time duties in divisions other than the one to which they are directly assigned. T 9 .— Number and salaries of supervisory employees 1 as percent of total fire-department employees and total salaries, in 10 M ountain Division cities, J u ly 1, 1988 able City group 2 Item Supervisory employees as percentage of all employees . ------Supervisory salaries as percentage of total salaries — --------- __ Ratio of salaries to em ployees________________________ ______ All cities 23.6 26.3 1.11 I II 21.0 23.8 1.13 29.7 32.2 1.08 III 26.6 29.3 1.10 1 Supervisory employees are those employees in all divisions who have others working under them. The group includes the chiefs, assistant chiefs, assistant deputy chiefs, battalion chiefs, captains, lieutenants, marshals or wardens, superintendents, chief fire alarm operators, assistants to these officers who also super vise the activities of others, and others who direct other employees. 2 Group I includes 2 cities having a population of 100,000 or more; group II, 1 city having a population of 50,000 and under 100,000: and group III. 7 cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000, based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. Distribution of Employees and Per Capita Salary Cost of Fire Protection The 2 group I cities had a fire department employee for every 817 inhabitants; the 1 group II city, for every 783 inhabitants; and the 7 group III cities, for every 788 inhabitants. The per capita salary cost of fire protection was $2.46 in group I cities, $2.36 in the group II city, and $2.54 in the group III cities. These figures do not show any characteristic differences by city groups. Usually the large cities in a geographic division have a relatively greater number of employees than the small cities. Because of this fact and also because of the fact that in general the large cities pay higher salaries than the small cities, the per capita cost of fire department salaries is usually higher in the large than in the small cities. These characteristic differences by city group did not prevail among the fire departments of the 10 Mountain Division cities because there is no appreciable difference between the economic status of the large and most of the small cities within the division. Appendix The listing of cities of 25,000 or more in the M ountain Division with their populations, ratios of employees to population, and per capita costs is shown in table A. The M ountain Division includes the States of Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New M exico, Utah, and W yoming. It will be noted that no data are given, in this study, for the States of Idaho, Nevada, and W yom ing; the reason for this is that the Census of Population for 1930 showed no cities in those States having a population of as much as 25,000. T A . — Fire department employees and salary costs in relation to population in cities with a population of 2 5 ,0 0 0 1 or more in M ountain States, J u ly 1, 1938 able Per capita Population Employees per 10,000 salary cost C ity A ll cities _________ _________ _________ ______________ ____ 727, 281 12 $2.48 428,128 287,861 140, 267 12 14 9 2. 46 2.79 1. 78 Group II—cities of 50,000 to 100,000: Pueblo, Colo______ ____________ 50,096 13 2. 36 Group III—cities of 25,000 to 50,000____________ ____ ____ Albuquerque, N . Mex_ _________ _ ___________ Butte, M on t________ ___________ __ _ ______ _ ______ __ Colorado Springs, C olo. ____ _ _ _ ____ _______________ _ Great Falls, M on t- ___ ______ _ _ ________ _______ __ Ogden, Utah____________ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _______ __ _ ___ __ Phoenix, Ariz ___ _________ ___ __________________ _ _ ___ Tucson, Ariz__ _________ ___ _ __________________ __________ 249,057 26, 570 39, 532 33, 237 28,822 40, 272 48,118 32, 506 13 14 11 13 15 7 18 11 2. 54 2. 30 2. 26 2. 27 3.00 1.32 3.95 2.37 Group I—cities of 100,000 and over. ___ __ ___ ____________ _ Denver, C olo. _____________ __ _ ___ _ ___ Salt Lake City, Utah- ___ ________ _ __ ________ _ _ 1 Based on United States census of population for 1930. 18 _ 19 M O U NTAIN DIVISION CITIES B .— Distribution of salaries and employees in fire departments of each of 10 M ountain Division cities with population of 2 5 ,0 0 0 or over,1 by occupations, J u ly 1, 1988 able Salt Lake City Pueblo All occupations2 _ ______ Fire fighting: Chiefs __ _ _______ ____ Assistant or deputy chiefs___ Assistant deputy chiefs __ Battalion or district chiefs Captains _ _ __ Lieutenants Engineers, fire engine Drivers _ ____ Privates: 1st grade. _ ______________ 2d grade ___ _______ 3rd grade ___ _ ________ 4th grade _ __ 5th grade . . . Fire prevention: Marshals or wardens Assistant marshals or wardens. Inspectors __ _____ __ _ Apparatus: Superintendents of machinery. Machinists _____ . . Auto mechanics General mechanics—carpen ters Miscellaneous—laborers Fire alarm: Superintendents Assistant superintendents Fire alarm operators: Operators,fire alarm Operators, telephone Electricians Linemen Clerical: Secretaries _ __ ______ Assistant secretaries _______ Clerks. ________ Stenographers 524 Number Number ees Salary rate pi°y- 121 403 1 $4, 200 1 3, 000 10 2, 700 64 1 $3, 600 1 2, 760 2 2 10 2 61 26 35 52 12 35 2,160 2, 040 2,040 276 16 18 15 205 14 14 15 1,920 1,860 1,800 1,740 1 1 7 1 1 6 2,700 2, 040 1,920 2 9 8 1 9 2, 700 2,160 1 1 2,040 2 1 1 2, 580 2, 160 1 2, 640 11 7 1,920 4 1,980 1 1,980 1 2,160■ 1 11 1 1 3 1 11 1 3 1 2 9 14 71 2 4 1 2, 580 2, 280 2,160 1,980 1, 860 1,740 2,280 Total em ploy ees 316 Phoenix 85 1 2 $2, 580 2,160 7 7 1 1 $3,600 1 3,024 1 2,844 14 1,920 48 14 30 21 16 2, 424 137 11 10 27 2,160 1 2,040 4 1,920 5 5 1, 575 37 2 2 1,800 1, 740 1, 680 (3) (3) (3) 16 2, 214 2 1 2,688 2 1 2,160 1 2, 640 1 2,064 3 1 2, 688 8 2,100 1 1,800 3 2 2,274 1 1 1,920 1, 200 1 2,160 2 1 2,688 6 3 1 6 2, 274 3 1 2,220 1 1,920 2,160 1,920 1,860 Arizona j Denver Group III: Cities with population of 25,000 and under 50,000 Salary rate Colorado Salary rate Utah Salary rate Colorado Division and occupation Total Em- Group II: Cities with population of 50,000 and under 100,000 Number Group I: Cities with population of 100,000 or over Number T (3) 1,800 1 Based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. 2 Totals include regular, full-time employees, but do not include part-time employees, call men, or volunteers. 3 M en from uniformed force assigned to this work. 20 T SALARIES AND HOURS, FIRE DEPARTMENTS B . — Distribution of salaries and employees in fire departments of each o f 10 M ountain Division cities with population of 2 5 ,0 0 0 or over,1 by occupations, J u ly 1 , 1988 — Continued able Group III: Cities with population of 25,000 and under 50,000 Division and occupation Arizona Colorado Tucson Colorado Springs 1*x © t>> Js "3 £2 a Fire fighting: Chiefs __ ___ ________ Assistant or deputy chiefs. Assistant deputy chiefs. _ _ . Battalion or district chiefs___ Captains_____________________ 35 43 Great Falls Butte © 08 1 a M § '3 GO z © olx 3 t>> S *3 GO (X © £! >> a "3 GO m z All occupations * _____________ © 0 lx3 1 Montana 44 44 New Mexico Utah Albuquer que Ogden © 0 3 lx £ 03 'S GO 1 a 3 z 37 © lx b IS GO U £ a 3 z 28 1 $2, 880 2 2,400 1 $3, 000 1 2,400 1 $3,000 1 2, 520 1 $2,700 1 2,160 1 $2, 880 1 2,220 1 $2,400 8 2,250 10 1,800 4 2,100 5 2,040 1 1 7 8 4 3 1,980 Lieutenants______ _ _ ___ Engineers, fire engine ___ Drivers______ ________________ 14 2,160 Privates: 9 2,160 27 1,680 1st grade.................................. 1 1,620 2d grade___________________ 3d grade................................... 2 1,500 4th grade. _ _______________ 5th grade_____ _____________ Fire prevention: 1 1,800 Marshals or w arden s________ Assistant marshals or wardens. Inspectors ____ Apparatus: 1 1,860 Superintendents of machinery. Machinists. _ __________ Auto mechanics _ ____ General mechanics—carpen ters . . . Miscellaneous—laborers Fire alarm: Superintendents _ _ Assistant superintendents____ Fire alarm operators: Operators, fire alarm _____ >( 3) Operators, telephone __ | (4) Electricians _ _ Linemen Clerical: | | Secretaries _ _ Assistant secretaries . . . I .... J — Clerks.. .. _ _ . _________ [ ( 3) 1 . . . . [ ( 3) j . . . . Stenographers ______ ______ J ..... J . .. .. 4 1,980 30 1,944 1 1,932 1 1,920 33 1,920 1 [ (3) \ .... 1- — 1,920 1,800 1, 740 1, 656 1,656 3 1, 596 8 1, 440 3 1,320 3 1,920 6 1, 860 3 1,860 8 1,800 1 1,920 1 1,920 1 3,000 (3) 1 2,280 , (*) 3 1,944 1 2,400 1 1,944 ] f - - 1 1,800 f (3) J J 1. .- .—. . 1 Based on U. 8. Census of Population for 1930. 1 Totals include regular, full-time employees, but do not include part-time employees, call men, or volunteers. 3 M en from uniformed force assigned to this work. < W ork performed b y a separate city bureau. 21 M OUNTAIN DIVISION CITIES T a b l e C .— Average hours and days on duty per week in fire departments of 10 M ountain Division cities, hy functional division , J u ly 1, 1938 Division A ver age hours on duty per week System of operation All divisions Aver age days on duty per week Fire fighting City group 1 Continuous d u t y ____ . ___ 2-platoon—regular 6 ___ __ On 24 hours, off 24 hours. _ Shift 7th day Shift each week, no time off 3-platoon:7 8-hour tours, off every 8th day Other 8 ________ _ 168 7.0 84 84 3.5 6. 5 III II I Total number of employees City group i All cities All cities I II III 904 524 64 316 813 463 59 291 21 717 576 105 12 457 457 3 56 56 6 204 63 105 21 708 567 105 8 12 449 449 43 56 56 «6 203 62 105 5 84 7.0 36 36 36 36 49 46.6 6.1 5.6 83 83 83 23 80 4 80 io 2 55 #2 Division Apparatus Fire prevention Fire alarm Clerical System of operation City group 1 All City group 1 All City group i All City group 1 All cit cit cit cit ies ies ies I II III I II III ies II i l l I I II III T otal number of em ploy ees 2 _ __ _______ _____ 13 Continuous d u t y _______ 2-platoon-regular 6_________ i On 24 hours, off 24 hours __ _ _ l Shift 7th day__________ Shift each week, no time off__ __ _ _ 3-platoon:7 8-hour tours, off every 8th day. _ __ ____ O_thers8 _ _ _ _ 12 _ 9 ~ 9 — - 4 30 21 1 8 8 1 8 8 3 22 13 3 6 41 27 2 12 7 4 3 3 6 3 38 27 2 3 9 7 4 3 1 Group I includes 2 cities having a population of 100,000 or more: group II, 1 city having a population of 50,000 and under 100,000; and group III, 7 cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000, based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. 2 Includes only regular, full-time employees. 3 Includes 1 chief, 1 assistant chief, and 10 assistant deputy chiefs. 4 Includes 1 chief and 2 assistant chiefs. 5 Includes 5 chiefs and 1 assistant chief. e Under each variation of the regular 2-platoon system the employees work in 2 groups, 1 group is on duty while the other is off duty. Over a period of days, therefore, each group is on duty as many hours as the other, or 12 hours a day and 84 hours a week. Each variation of the 2-platoon system, however, spreads these 84 hours into different numbers of days on duty per week. The average number of days on duty per week for each variation is arrived at b y dividing the number of days on duty per year b y 52.143. 7 The average hours and days on duty per week is arrived at by dividing the total number of hours or days on duty per year by 52.143. 8 The average number of working hours and days per week is arrived at by dividing the total number of weekly man-hours and man-days by the total number of employees under “ other” . 9 Includes 1 chief and 1 assistant chief. i° Includes 2 chiefs. 22 T SALARIES AND HOURS, FIRE DEPARTMENTS able D .— Total salaries and total number of employees of fire departments in 10 Mountain Division cities, July 1, 1988 Total salaries Number of employees City group 1 Division 1 and occupation All Cities City group 2 All cities I II III I II III ________ ___ __ -- 904 524 64 316 $*, 803, 519 $1,052,820 $118,164 $632, 535 Firefighting------------ ---------------- _ __ Chiefs_______________ - _____ _ Assistant or deputy chiefs______ Assistant deputy chiefs Battalion chiefs____ ___ _ ____ Captains___ _ _ - ______ ____ Lieutenants _ Engineers—fire engine - - _ _ Drivers ___________ Privates—All grades___ __ ____ 1st grade __________ __ ___ 2d grade__________________ _ 3d grade.-----------------------4th g r a d e ,____ _ ______ __ 5th grade. _______ _ __ 812 463 58~ 291 7 7 All occupations 3 10 11 11 2 2 2 10 2 1 2 1 123 40 65 61 26 35 14 48 14 30 529 450 29 30 15 5 325 276 16 18 15 41 37 163 137 Fire prev en tion____ __ _ _ _ Marshals or wardens___ Assistant marshals or wardens____ Inspectors _ _ _ 13 3 9 9 7 Apparatus_____ _ __ ______ Superintendents of machinery___ M achinists.__ _ _____ __ __ Auto mechanics. _ _ _ __ General mechanics _ _ _ __ Others ___ _ 30 20 2 9 8 1 4 i l l 3 Fire alarm___ _ __ ___ ____ Superintendents _____________ _ Assistant superintendents. _ _ _ Operators—fire alarm Operators—telephone _ _ _ _ Electricians __ _ _ _ Linemen _ __ _ _ 40 5 26 2 1 Clerical ______ Secretaries _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ Assistant secretaries __ Clerks and bookkeepers__ __ __ _ Stenographers and typists_____ __ 9 4 21 1 6 9 12 2 1 1 17 3 2 12 1 3 1 2 2 21 11 10 2 1 11 1 11 6 1 1 3 1 1 52,080 926,880 7, 800 5, 760 27, 000 5,160 132, 840 54, 720 71,400 107, 220 2, 580 4,320 577,143 20,460 17,124 2,844 26, 880 622, 200 534,180 29, 760 32,160 73, 440 66, 600 3, 480 3, 360 103,044 25, 860 59, 832 42, 444 305, 535 263, 988 17,112 16, 560 26,100 27,108 7,188 2,040 17,880 18,540 2, 700 2,040 13,800 64, 620 13, 872 19, 440 26,148 3.960 43,620 5,340 19,440 16,800 2,040 6, 984 2, 064 14, 016 6,468 1,800 1, 920 7,548 12 2 6 3 1 82,644 12, 348 2,160 35, 004 5,832 4, 380 22, 920 51, 840 5,220 3, 960 2,160 26, 844 4, 968 21, 360 3 3 17, 904 8,124 2,160 5, 760 1,860 11,940 2,160 2,160 5,760 1,860 4 1 30, 840 27, 204 29, 844 5,160 262, 764 80. 580 131, 232 42, 444 1,001,175 864, 768 50,352 26,100 7,875 5 1 1 1, 611,243 2 2 6 3 1,200 2,160 1,980 2l, 120 7,875 8, 568 4,488 4 ,08G 1,200 13,644 5, 832 2,400 1,800 5,964 5,964 1All fire departments assign men from the fire-fighting division to the other divisions and carry these assigned men on the fire-fighting division list. This is done to provide the fire department with a reserve for cases of emergency. As a result of this method of assignment, the fire-fighting division is always shown to be larger than it actually is on a routine day. Some other factors also are responsible for the small size of the nonfire-fighting divisions. In some cities, for example, the maintenance work is let!?to private con tractors, part of the fire-prevention work is done b y the building inspector’s office, and the fire alarm work is done b y the local telephone company or b y a separate city bureau. 2Group I includes 2 cities having a population of 100,000 or more; group II, 1 city having a population of 50,000 and under 100,000; and group III, 7 cities having a population of 25,000 and under 50,000. Based on U. S. Census of Population for 1930. 3Includes only regular, full-time employees. O
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