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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
JAMES J. DAVIS, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
ETHELBERT STEWART, Com m issioner
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES 1
B UREAU OF LAB O R S T A T IS T IC S /
SAFETY
CODE
No. 519
SERIES
SAFETY CODE
FOR
WOODWORKING PLANTS
AS REVISED, 1930
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT BOARDS
AND COMMISSIONS AND THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF CASUALTY
AND SURETY UNDERWRITERS, SPONSORS
AMERICAN STANDARD
Approved M arch 26, 1930
AMERICAN STANDARDS ASSOCIATION
APRIL, 1930
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
W ASHINGTON: 1930
For sale by th e Superintendent o f Docum ents, W ashington, D. C.
-
-
-
Price 10 cents
PERSONNEL OF SECTIONAL COMMITTEE ON SAFETY CODE FOR
WOODWORKING MACHINERY
Scope of project (01):
This code is intended as a guide for the safe operation and maintenance of
woodworking machinery, including cooperage and making of veneer. It
deals primarily with “ point of operation” hazards on woodworking
machinery.
Sponsors:
International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions.
National Bureau of Casualty and Suretj^ Underwriters.
Chairman:
Lucian W. Chaney, United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, Washington, D. C.
Secretary:
Warren Hilleary, 228 West Eleventh Street, New York, N. Y.
O rganization represented
N am e and business affiliation
Classification
(see Sum m ary)
A ssociation of M anufacturers
of W ood W orking M a
chinery.
Bureau of Standards________
F. G . W alker, Jones-Superior M a ch in e C o., 1258-1270
W est N o rth A v enue, Chicago, 111.
(A )
H arold S. N orton , asssociate safety engineer, D epartm en t
of C om m erce, b u re a u of Standards, W ashington D . C.
W illia m G . L u tz, chief engineer, C om pen sation In sp ec
tion R a tin g B oard , 370 Seventh A v enue, N e w Y o rk
C ity.
C . G . H irt, Cooperage Industries of A m erica, B -20 R a il
w a y Exchange B u ildin g, St. L ouis, M o .
W . R oss Stevens, D e W a lt P rodu cts C o ., Leola, Lancaster
C o u n ty, Pa.
W illia m R . Friedel, H a rd w o o d Interior T rim M an u fac
turers A ssociation, 63 South T h ir d Street, R o o m 232,
M em ph is, T en n.
L u cian W . C h aney, U n ited States D epartm en t of L abor,
B u reau of L a b or Statistics, W ashington, D . C.
R . M e A . K eow n , engineer, Industrial C om m ission of
W isconsin, State C apitol, M adison , WTis.
John P . M eade, D epartm en t o f L a bor and Industries,
Bogton, M ass.
Scott Baker, secretary, N ational Alliance o f Furniture
M anufacturers, Jam estown, N . Y .
R . C. Barr, m anager safety departm ent, L u m b e rm e n ’s
M u tu al C asualty C o. o f Illinois, Pantheon B u ilding,
Chicago, 111.
Paul L . G rady, secretary-treasurer, N ational A ssocia
tion of W o o d e n B o x M anufacturers, 111 W'est W ash
ington Street, Chicago, 111.
W . A . B a b b itt, N ational A ssociation o f W o o d Turners,
B o x 517, South B en d, In d .
O. J. Sm ith, engineer, L ia b ility D epartm en t, U nited
States C asualty Co., N e w Y o rk , N . Y .
J. P . Joice, R o y a l In d e m n ity C o., 150 W illiam Street,
N e w Y o rk , N . Y
J. J. Sheridan,1 R o y a l In d e m n ity C o., 150 W illia m Street,
N e w Y o rk , N . Y .
H olger Jensen, m anager, Engineering and R a tin g D iv i
sion, M a ry la n d C asualty C o., B altim ore, M d .
W . S. Paine, research engineer, B ureau of Inspection and
A ccid e n t Prevention, Aetna Life Insurance Co., H art
ford, C onn.
John L. T h om p son , superintendent, Engineering and
In spection D iv ision , Travelers Insurance C o., H art
ford, Conn.
G . V . Fuller, assistant secretary, N ational C ouncil on
C om pen sation Insurance, 151 Fifth A v enue, N e w
Y o r k C ity.
L . F . A d am s, G eneral E lectric C o., 1 R iv e r R o a d ,
S chenectady , N . Y.
(D )
C om pen sation
I n s p e c t io n
R a tin g B oard.
C ooperage
Industries
of
Am erica.
D e W a lt P rod u cts C o _______
H a rd w ood
Interior
T rim
M anufacturers
A ssocia
tion.
International A ssociation of
Industrial A ccid en t B oards
and Com m issions.
N ational A lliance of F u rn i
ture M anufacturers.
N ational A ssociation of M u
tual Casualty Cos.
N ational
A ssociation
of
W ooden
B ox
M an u fac
turers.
N ational A ssociation of W o o d
Turners.
N ational B u reau of Casualty
and Surety U nderw riters.
N ational C ou ncil on C om
pensation Insurance.
N ational Electrical M a n u
facturers Association.
1 Alternate.
(Hi)
(D )
(B )
(E )
(B )
(D)
(D )
(D )
(B )
(F )
(B )
(B )
(F )
(F )
(F )
(F )
(F )
(F)
(A)
IV
O rganization represented
Name and business affiliation
I Classification
(see Sum m ary)
N ational L u m b er M an u fac
turers A ssociation.
A rth u r T . U pson, assistant trade extension manager,
N ational L u m b e r M anufacturers A ssociation, 702
Tran sportation B u ilding, W ashington, D . C.
A . S. Regula, Industrial Relations Counselors, 165 B road
w ay, R o o m 2320, N e w Y o r k C ity.
W . L . C laffey, secretary and treasurer. Oak F loorin g
M anufacturers A ssociation of the U nited States, 228
N o rth L a Salle Street, Chicago, 111.
R . H . K o ch , Pattern M akers League of N o rth A m erica,
28 W est C h ipp ew a Street, Buffalo, N . Y .
C lifford P . Setter, Setter Bros. (In c.), Cattaraugus, N . Y .
(B )
N ational Safety C o u n cil_____
Oak F loorin g M anufacturers
A ssociation of the U nited
States.
P a ttern M akers League of
N orth Am erica.
P ly w o o d M a n u fa c tu r e r s
A ssociation.
U n ited B rotherhood o f Car
penters and Joiners of
A m erica.
M em b er at large-
John T . C osgrove, first general vice president, U nited
B rotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of A m erica, C ar
penters’ B u ilding, Indianapolis, Ind.
G eorge Orris, U nited B rotherhood of Carpenters and
Joiners of A m erica, C arpenters’ B u ilding, Indianapolis,
In d.
W arren H illeary, 228 W est E leventh Street, N e w Y o rk ,
N. Y.
(E )
(B )
(C )
(B )
(C )
(C )
(E )
Summary
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(F)
Manufacturers of equipment_____________________________
Employers (owners of equipment)________________________
Employees (users of equipment)_________________________
Regulatory_______________________________________________
Member at large____________________________ ___________ ~
Insurance______________________________________________ __
2
8
3
5
3
7
Total______________________________________________
28
C O N TE N T S
IN TRO DU CTIO N
Section 1. Scope, application, and exception------------------------------------------------Rule 10. Scope___________________________________________________________
Rule 11. Application and exceptions___________________________________
Rule 12. New and old installations_____________________________________
Rule 13. Reference to other codes---------------------------------------------------------Section 2. Definitions_________________________________________________________
Rule 20. “ S h a ll” and “ should”_______________________________________
Rule 21. Point of operations_____________________________________________
Rule 22. Push stick______________________________________________________
Rule 23. Push block___ __________________________________________________
Page
1, 2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
P art I.— PLANT LAYO U T
Section 10. Machinery_____________________________ __________________________
Rule 100. Machine layout_______________________________________________
Section 11. Floors and aisles_________________________________________________
Rule 110. Floors kept repaired--------------- ---------------------------------------------Rule 111. Nonslip floors_________ ________________________________________
Rule 112. Aisles_________ - ________ ______________________________ _—
2
2
2, 3
2
3
8
P art II.— M A CH IN ES AN D EQ UIPM EN T
Section 20. Machine drive, feed, speed, and control-------- --------------------------Rule 200. Machine drive______________________________________- _________
Rule 201. Self-feed______________________________________________________
Rule 202. Speeds _____ ___________________________________________________
3, 4
3
3
3,4
Part III.— W O O DW ORKIN G M ACH IN ERY
Section 30. Circular crosscut, rip, resaw, and swing cut-off saws_________
4, 5
Rule 300. Crosscut table saws— ----------------------------------------------------------4
Rule 301. R ipsaw s________________________________________________________
4
Rule 302. Circular resaws________________________________________________
4
Rule 303. Feed rolls----------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
Rule 304. Swing cut-off saws___________________________________________
5
Rule 305. Counterweights________________________________________________
5
Rule 306. Limit stops and latches________________________________________
5
Rule 307. Guarding of saws beneath and behind tables_______________
5
Section 31. Band saws and band resaws_____________________________________
5, 6
5
Rule 310. Inclosing band-saw blades____________________________________
Rule 311. Feed rolls______________________________________________________
5
Section 32. Jointers______ ____________________________________________________
6
Rule 320. Automatic guards_____________________________ _________________
6
Rule 321. Point of operation_____________________________________________
6
Section 33. Tenoning machines-----------------------------------------------------------------------6
Rule 330. Guarding of cutting heads__________________ __________________
6
Rule 331. Feed chains and sprockets____________________________________
6
Section 34. Boring and mortising machines__________________________________
6, 7
Rule 340. Chucks____ _____________________________________ _______________
6
Rule 341. Counterweights___________ ____________________________________
7
Rule 342. Universal joints___________________________________________ ___
7
Rule 343. Guarding operating treadles_____ ___________ _________________7
V
VI
CONTENTS
Section 35 Wood shapers, etc------------------------------------------------------------------------Rule 350. Guarding of cutting heads---------------------------------------------------Rule 351. Spindle starting and stopping devices-----------------------------------Section 36. Planing, molding, sticking, and matching machines, etc______
Rule 360. Guarding of cutting heads-----------------------------------------------------Rule 361. Feed ro lls ___________________________________ _________________
Section 37. Profile, swing-head, and back-knife lathes_____________________
Rule 370. Guarding of cutting heads__________________________________
Section 38. Sanding m achines_______________________________________________
Rule 380. Feed r o lls_____________________________________________________
Rule 381. Drum sanding machines_______________________________________
Rule 382. Disk sanding machines_______________________________________
Rule 383. Belt sanding machines________________________________________
Section 39. Miscellaneous machines________________________________________ _
Rule 390. Other machines not excluded_________________________________
Page
7
7
7
7, 8
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
P art IV .— VEN EE R M A CH IN ER Y
Section 40. Steaming equipment and soaking pits__________________________
Rule 400. Steam vats and soaking pits_________________________________
Section 41. Log-handling equipment_________________________________________
Rule 410. Cranes, log trolleys, etc_______________________________________
Section 42. Saws-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Rule 420. Drag-saws--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Section 43. Veneer cutters and wringers____________________________________
Rule 430. Veneer slicer and rotary veneer cutters_________ ____________
Rule 431. Veneer clippers________________________________________________
Rule 432. Veneer wringers______________________________________________
Rule 433. Operating levers or treadles___________________ _______
___
9
9
9
9
9
9
9 ,1 0
9
9
9
10
P art V — COOPERAGE M ACH IN ER Y
Section 50. S a w s---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
Rule 500. Heading bolters_______________________________________________
10
Rule 501. Swing cut-off saws____________________________________________
10
Rule 502. Bolt, stave, and heading equalizers__________________________
10
Rule 503. Barrel-stave saws (cylindrical saw s)________________ _____
10
Rule 504. Heading saws, variable-feed ripsaws, flat-stave saws, head
10
rounders, e tc ___________________________________________________________
Section 51. Single and double stave planers, single and double heading
planers_______________________________________________________________________
11
Rule 510. Guarding of cutting heads___________________________________
11
Rule 511. Point of operation--------------------------------------------------------------------11
Section 52. Stave and heading jointers and matchers______________________
11
Rule 520. Guarding----------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
Rule 521. Foot-power machines_________________________________________
11
11
Section 53. Stave croziers____________________________________________________
Rule 530. Guarding----------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
Rule 531. Feed chains____________________________________________________
11
Rule 532. Counterweights_______________________________________________
11
Section 54. Barrel sanding machines_________________________________________
11
Rule 540. Sanding belts____________________________ _____________________
11
Section 55. Power windlass for barrels________________ I ____________________ '11,12
Rule 550. Counterweights_______________________________________________
11
Rule 551. Control levers__________________________________________________
12
Section 56. Pail and barrel lathes____________________________________________
12
Rule 560. G u ards-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
Section 57. Miscellaneous cooperage machinery_____________________________
12
Rule 570. Other machines not excluded_________________________________
12
P art V I.— O PERATING RULES
Section 60. Inspection and maintenance_____________________________________
Rule 600. Inspection_______________________________________________________
Rule 601. Maintenance------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12
12
12
CONTENTS.
VH
Page
Section 61. Selection and operation of machines___________________________ 12,13
Rule 610. Selection of suitable machines______________________________
12
Rule 611. Circular rip and cut-off saws_________________________________
13
Rule 612. Band saws and band resaws_________________________________
13
Rule 613. Lathes__________________________________________________________
13
Section 62. Veneer machines and equipment_________________________________
13
Rule 620. Steam vats____________________________________________________
13
14
Section 63. Clothing and goggles worn by operators______________________
Rule 630. Clothing________________________________________________________
14
Rule 631. Goggles________________________________________________________
14
P a rt
V II.— E X P LA N A TO R Y M ATTER
Section 70______________________________________________________________________ 14,15
Rule 700. Location of machinery_______________________________________
14
14
Rule 701. Machine foundations_________________________________________
Rule 702. Motor drive-------------------------------------------------------------------------------14
Rule 703. Lighting------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14
Rule 704. Selection of suitable machines_______________________________
14
Rule 706. Care of machines and tools__________________________________
15
Rule 707. Cracked saws_________________________________________________
15
Rule 708. Wabble saws___________________________________________________
15
In d e x ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16-18
BULLETIN OF THE
U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
WASHINGTON
n o . 319
a p r i l , 1930
SAFETY CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
INTRODUCTION
1. This woodworking safety code is primarily intended to cover
the hazards o f the “ point o f operation ” in woodworking machinery
from the crude lumber to the finished product.
2. This code is one o f a series intended ultimately to cover all
American industry which are being prepared under the procedure o f
the American Standards Association.
3. The code is in form to be adopted by States and municipalities
or promulgated by order o f an industrial commission.
4. It may also be used by industrial establishments which use
woodworking machinery to test and standardize their safety equip
ment.
5. The code will be revised from time to time to keep it abreast
with the advances o f safety practice.
SECTION 1. SCOPE, APPLICATION, AND EXCEPTION
Rule 10. Scope.
This code is intended as a guide for the safe operation and main
tenance o f woodworking machinery, including cooperage and making
o f veneer. It deals primarily with “ point o f operation ” hazards on
woodworking machinery.
Rule 11. Application and exceptions.
The purpose o f this code is to provide reasonable safety for life,
limb, and health. In cases o f practical difficulty or unnecessary
hardship the enforcing authority may grant exceptions from the
literal requirements o f this code or permit the use o f other devices
or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that equivalent pro
tection is thereby afforded.
N ote .— It is suggested that when exceptions are asked the enforcing authority
consult with the Committee on Safety Code for Woodworking Plants, care
American Standards Association, 29 W est Thirty-ninth Street, New York City.
Such consultation will tend to bring about uniform application of the code and
will keep the committee informed of criticisms which should be considered.
Rule 12. New and old installations.
A fter the date when this code becomes effective all new construc
tion and installations shall conform to its provisions. Equipment
installed prior to that date shall be modified to conform to its pro
visions unless exception is allowed in accordance with rule 11.
1
105847°— 30-------2
2
SAFETY CODE FOE WOODWORKING PLANTS
Rule 13. Reference to other codes.
The present code is supplemented by the follow ing codes o f the
American Standards Association which deal with general hazards.
O f special importance are the follow in g :
(a) Mechanical power-transmission apparatus.
(b) Exhaust systems.
(c) Lighting.
(d) Electrical codes:
1. National Fire Code.
2. National Safety Code.
SECTION 2. DEFINITIONS
Rule 20. “ Shall ” and “ should.”
The word “ sh a ll55 is to be understood as m andatory; the word
44 should 55 as advisory.
Rule 21. Point of operations.
The term “ point o f operations ” shall be understood to mean that
point at which cutting, shaping, or form ing is accomplished upon
the stock, and shall include such other points as may offer a hazard
to the operator in inserting or manipulating the stock in the oper
ation o f the machine.
Rule 22. Push stick.
Push stick shall mean a narrow strip o f wood with a notch cut
into one end and used to push short pieces o f lumber through saws.
Rule 23. Push block.
Push block shall mean a short block o f hardwood provided with a
handle similar to that o f a plane and having a shoulder at the rear
end. This block is used for pushing short stock over revolving
pn ffp r s
PART I.— PLANT LAYOUT
SECTION 10. MACHINERY
Rule 100. Machine layout.
(a) Machines should be so located that each operator will have
sufficient space in which to handle the material with the least pos
sible interference from or to other workmen or machines. Machines
should be so placed that it will not be necessary for the operator to
stand in or so near an aisle as to be liable to hazard.
( b ) W oodw orking machinery shall be firmly secured to substan
tial floor or foundations.
N ote .— Wherever plant layout permits, it is advisable to locate heavy-duty
machines on the ground floor.
(<?) Machines should be arranged to take advantage of natural
lighting as far as possible.
( d) Provision should be made for the removal o f shavings and
dust.
SECTION 11. FLOORS AND AISLES
Rule 110. Floors kept repaired.
A ll floors shall be kept in good repair and shall be free from pro
truding nails, splinters, holes, unevenness, and loose boards.
Rule 111. Nonslip floors.
Floors where operators stand to operate machines, such as wood
shapers, jointers, saws, and wood-turning lathes, shall be provided
with effective means to prevent slipping.
SAFETY CODE FOB WOODWORKING PLANTS
3
Rule 112. Aisles.
Aisles o f sufficient width to permit the passing o f trucks and
workmen without crowding shall be maintained in all working
places and stock rooms.
PART II.— MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT
SECTION 20. MACHINE DRIVE, FEED, SPEED, AND CONTROL
Rule 200. Machine drive.
(a)
It is recommended that careful consideration be given to the
advantages o f individual motor drive.
( i ) Not more than 10 machines should be driven by a single
motor or other power unit.
(c) A mechanical or electrical power control should be provided
on each machine which will make it possible for the operator to cut
off the power from each machine without leaving his position at the
point o f operation.
(d ) F or general rules regarding starting and stopping devices,
emergency stops, etc., see Safety Code for Mechanical Power-Transmission Apparatus.
Rule 201. Self-feed.
It is recommended that automatic feeding devices on machines be
installed wherever the nature o f the work will permit.
Rule 202. Speeds.
(a)
Circular saws.— The table gives the maximum permissible
speed in revolutions per minute for various sizes o f circular saws.
For ordinary operation the speeds given in the second column shall
not be exceeded. Where high-speed saw blades are used, speeds not
to exceed those given in the third column may be permitted if so
recommended by the manufacturer. Blades for operation at high
speeds shall be understood to mean blades o f alloy steel having an
elastic limit not less than 150,000 pounds per square inch specially
tensioned to run smoothly at the speed employed.
B e volution s per m inute
D iam eter of saw
8-inch
........................
10-inch _______________
12-inch_____________ .
1 4 -in ch .__________
..
lf)-inch_________ _____
18-inch_______________
20-inch................ ...........
22-inch__________ _____
24-inch. ...................... ..
26-inch
.............. .
28-inch_______________
3 0 -in c h ........................ .
32-inch_______________
34-inch_____ _____ ____
3 6-in ch ............. .............
4 0 -in c h .._____________
44-inch. .................. .......
48-inch___ _____ ______
54-inch__________ _____
60-inch.
.................
Blades for
operation
at ordinary
speeds
7, 200
5. 760
4. 800
4,110
3, 600
3. 200
2, «00
2, 620
2. 400
2, 220
2, 060
1,920
1,800
1, 690
1, 600
1,440
1,310
1, 200
1, 070
960
Blades for
operation
at high
speeds
9,000
7,100
6, 000
5,100
4, 450
4,000
3, 600
3, 300
3, 000
2,750
2, 570
2, 400
2,250
2,100
2,000
1,800
1, 640
1,500
1, 310
1,200
4
SAFETY CODE FOE WOODWORKING PLANTS
(b) Band saws.
1. No band-saw wheel shall be run at a speed in excess o f that
which will allow a factor o f safety of 10 in all parts o f the wheel,
2. The wheel and also the frame o f each machine shall be marked
by the manufacturer in letters not less than one-quarter o f an inch in
height showing this maximum allowable speed in revolutions per
minute.
3. Band-saw wheels shall be so designed, manufactured, and
mounted that they will run true at the maximum allowable speed
without excessive vibration.
PART III.— WOODWORKING MACHINERY
SECTION 30. CIRCULAR CROSSCUT, RIP, RESAW , AND SWING
CUT-OFF SAWS
N o te to se ctio n 3 0 .— It is recognized that these standards for saw guards
are not perfectly applicable to all operations for which saws are used.
The standards given are those upon which woodworkers have agreed as most
generally useful.
Since there are a considerable number of cases not satisfactorily met by
these standards, the enforcing authority should exercise rather wide latitude
in allowing the use of other devices which give promise of affording adequate
protection.
It may be expected that by so doing further progress in saw guarding will
be encouraged.
Rule 300. Crosscut table saws.
Each circular crosscut saw shall be guarded by a hood which shall
cover the saw at all times at least to the depth o f the teeth. The
hood shall adjust itself automatically to the thickness of, and shall
remain in contact with, the material being cut. The hood shall also
be so designed as to protect the operator from flying splinters and
broken saw teeth.
Rule 301. Ripsaws.
(a) Each circular ripsaw shall be guarded by a hood which shall
cover the saw at all times at least to the depth o f the teeth. The
hood shall adjust itself automatically to the thickness of, and shall
remain in contact with, the material being cut. The hood shall also
be so designed as to protect the operator from flying splinters and
broken saw teeth.
(b) Each circular ripsaw (other than self-feed ripsaws with a
roller or wheel back o f the saw) shall be furnished with a device to
prevent material being thrown back on the operator. The provision
o f a spreader in connection with grooving, dadoing, or rabbeting is
not required.
Rule 302. Circular resaws.
(a) Each circular resaw shall be guarded by a hood or shield of
metal above the saw. Such hood or shield shall be so designed as
to guard against danger from flying splinters or broken saw teeth.
( b ) Each circular resaw (other than self-feed saws with a roller
or wheel at back o f the saw) shall be provided with a spreader
fastened securely behind the saw. The spreader shall be slightly
thinner than the saw kerf and slightly thicker than the saw disk.
SAFETY CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
&
Rule 303. Feed rolls.
Feed rolls shall be protected by a semicylindrical guard to prevent
the hands o f the operator from coming in contact with the in-running
rolls at any point. The guard shall be constructed of heavy material,
preferably metal, adjustable to the size o f the stock being cut and
firmly secured to the frame o f the machine.
Rule 304. Swing cut-off saws.
Each swing cut-off saw shall be provided with a metal hood, so
arranged that the part o f the saw above the table is covered to at
least the root o f the teeth. This hood shall be constructed in such a
manner and o f such material that it will afford the operator a view
of the cutting edge o f the saw at all times.
N o t e .— The hood should adjust itself automatically to the thickness of, an d
remain in contact with, the material being cut. The hood shall be so designed
as to protect the operator from flying splinters and broken saw teeth.
Rule 305. Counterweights.
Each swing cut-off saw shall be provided with an effective device
to return the saw automatically to the back o f the table when released
at any point o f its travel. Such device shall not depend for its
proper functioning upon any rope, cord, or spring. I f there is a
counterweight, one o f the follow ing or equivalent means shall be
used to prevent its d rop p in g:
{a) It shall be bolted to the bar by means of a bolt passing through
both bar and counterweight.
(~b) A bolt shall be put through the extreme end o f the bar.
(c)
Where the counterweight does not encircle the bar a safety
chain shall be attached to it.
Rule 308. Limit stops and latches.
(a) Limit chains or other equally effective devices shall be pro
vided to prevent the saw from, swinging too far in either direction.
(b) A latch may be provided to catch and retain the saw at the
rear o f the table.
Rule 307. Guarding of saws beneath and behind tables.
Where conditions are such that there is possibility o f contact with
the saw plate, the exhaust hood, or guard if no exhaust system is
required, shall be so arranged and maintained as to guard effectively
that portion o f the saw which is beneath and behind the saw table.
SECTION 31. BAND SAWS AND BAND RESAW S
Rule 310. Inclosing band-saw blades.
A ll portions o f the saw blade shall be inclosed or guarded except
the working side o f the blade below the guide rolls or gauge. The
guard for the portion o f the blade between the sliding guide and the
upper saw wheel guard shall be self-adjusting. Band-saw wheels
shall be fully incased.
It is recommended that the upper wheel guard be made to conform
to the travel of the saw on the wheel and that the top member o f
the guard be lined with smooth material, preferably sheet metal.
Rule 311. Feed rolls.
Feed rolls shall be protected with a semicylindrical guard to pre
vent the hands o f the operator from coming in contact with the
8
SAFETY CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
in-running rolls at any point. The guard shall be constructed o f
heavy material, preferably metal, adjustable to the size o f stock
being cut, and firmly secured to the frame o f the machine.
SECTION 32. JOINTERS
Rule 320. Automatic guards.
{a) Each hand-feed jointer with a horizontal cutting head shall
have an automatic guard which will cover the section of the head
next to the operator.
(&) Each hand-feed jointer with a horizontal cutting head shall
have a guard which will cover the section o f the head back o f the
gauge.
Rule 321. Point of operation.
(a) Each hand-feed planer and jointer with horizontal head shall
be equipped with a cylindrical cutting head, the throat of which
shall not exceed seven-sixteenths (T7^) inch in depth nor five-eighths
( % ) inch in width. It is strongly recommended that no cylinder be
used in which the throat exceeds three-eighths (% ) inch in depth or
one-half ( % ) inch in width.
(&) Each wood jointer with vertical head shall have either an
exhaust hood or other guard so arranged as to inclose completely
the revolving head, except a slot o f such width as may be necessary
and convenient for the application o f the material to be jointed.
SECTION 33. TENONING
MACHINES
Rule 330. Guarding of cutting heads.
(a)
Each tenoning machine shall have all cutting heads, and saws
if used, covered by a metal guard. I f such guard is constructed of
sheet metal, the material used shall be not less than one-sixteenth
(^■) inch in thickness, while if cast iron is used it shall be not less
than three-sixteenths (T3e) inch in thickness.
(&) Where an exhaust system is used, the hood may form part or
all o f the guard and shall be constructed of metal o f a thickness not
less than the above.
Rule 331. Feed chains and sprockets.
(a)
Feed chains and sprockets o f all double end tenoning machines
shall be completely inclosed, except that portion o f chain used for
conveying the stock.
(&) A t rear ends o f frames over which the feed conveyors run,
sprockets and chains shall be guarded at sides by plates projecting
beyond periphery o f sprockets and ends o f lugs.
(c)
Where space permits, the rear end o f the frame over which
the teed conveyors run should be so extended that the material as it
leaves the machine will be guided to a point within easy reach o f the
person “ taking away ” at the rear o f the tenoner.
SECTION 34. BORING AND MORTISING MACHINES
Rule 340. Chucks.
Safety bit chucks with no projecting set screws shall b© used.
SAFETY CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
7
Rule 341. Counterweights.
I f there is a counterweight, one o f the following or equivalent
means shall be used to prevent its drop pin g:
(a) It shall be bolted to the bar by means o f a bolt passing
through both bar and counterweight.
(b) A bolt shall be put through the extreme end o f the bar.
( c ) Where the counterweight does not encircle the bar a safety
chain shall be attached to it.
N ote .—Counterweights suspended by chain or rope should travel in a pipe
other suitable inclosure wherever they m ight fa ll and cause injury.
or
Rule 342. Universal joints.
Universal joints on spindles o f boring machines shall be inclosed
to prevent injury to operator.
Rule 343. Guarding operating treadles.
A n iron stirrup shall be fastened to the floor over the treadle, leav
ing only sufficient room for the operator’s foot between treadle and
stirrup.
SECTION 35. WOOD SHAPERS, ETC.
Rule 350. Guarding of cutting heads.
The cutting head o f each wood shaper, hand-feed panel raiser, or
other similar machine not automatically fed, shall be inclosed with
a cage or adjustable guard so designed as to keep the operator’s
hands away from the cutting edge. In no case shall a warning de
vice o f leather or other material attached to the spindle be acceptable.
Cylindrical heads should be used wherever the nature o f the work
will permit. Diameter o f circular shaper guards shall be not less
than the greatest diameter o f the cutter.
Rule 351. Spindle starting and stopping devices.
A ll double spindle shapers shall be provided with a spindle starting
and stopping device for each spindle.
SECTION 36. PLANING, MOLDING, STICKING, A N D MATCHING
MACHINES, ETC.
Rule 360. Guarding of cutting heads.
(a) Each planing, molding, sticking, and matching machine shall
have all cutting heads, and saws if used, covered by a metal guard.
I f such guard is constructed o f sheet metal, the material used shall
be not less than one-sixteenth (-/g) inch in thickness, while i f cast
iron is used it shall be not less than three-sixteenths (tbO inch in
thickness.
(b) Where an exhaust system is used the hood may form part or
all o f the guard and shall be constructed o f metal o f a thickness not
less than the above.
Rule 361. Feed rolls.
(a)
Feed rolls shall be guarded by a strip or bar fastened to the
frame carrying the rolls so as to remain in adjustment for any thick
ness o f stock. Where the top roll is corrugated the guard shall be
extended over the top o f the roll.
8
SAFETY CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
(&) Sectional feed rolls should be provided for planers.
(<?) Where solid feed rolls are used the sectional finger device
should be used to prevent kick backs.
SECTION 37. PROFILE, SWING-HEAD, AND BACK-K NIFE LATHES
Rule 370. Guarding of cutting heads.
{a) Each profile, swing-head, and back-knife lathe shall have all
cutting heads, i f used, covered by a metal guard. I f such guard is
constructed o f sheet metal, the material used shall be not less than
one-sixteenth (y1^) inch in thickness, while i f cast iron is used it
shall be not less than three-sixteenths (^\) inch in thickness.
(b)
W here an exhaust system is used the hood may form part or
all o f the guard and shall be constructed o f metal o f a thickness
not less than the above.
SECTION 38. SANDING MACHINES
Rule 380. Feed rolls.
Feed rolls o f drum-feed sanding machines shall be protected with
a semicylindrical guard to prevent the hands o f the operator from
coming in contact with the in-running rolls at any point. The guard
shall be constructed o f heavy material, preferably metal, adjustable
to the size o f stock being finished, and firmly secured to the frame
o f the machine.
Rule 381. Drum sanding machines.
Each drum sanding machine shall have an exhaust hood or other
guard, i f no exhaust system is required, so arranged as to inclose
the revolving drum, except such portion o f the drum above the
table, if table is used, as may be necessary and convenient for the
application o f the material to be finished.
Rule 382. Disk sanding machines.
Each disk sanding machine shall have the exhaust hood or other
guard, if no exhaust system is required, so arranged as to inclose
the revolving disk, except such portion o f the disk above the table,
if table is used, as may be necessary for the application o f the mate
rial to be finished.
Rule 383. Belt sanding machines.
Each belt sanding machine shall have both pulleys inclosed in
such a manner as to guard the points where the belt runs onto the
pulleys. The edges o f the unused run o f belt shall be inclosed.
N ote .— For guarding of pulleys see Safety Code for Mechanical Power-Transmission Apparatus.
SECTION 39. MISCELLANEOUS MACHINES
Rule 390. Other machines not excluded.
The mention o f specific machines under sections 30 to 38, inclusive,
is not intended to exclude other working machines from the require*
ments that suitable guards and exhaust hoods must be provided to
reduce to a minimum the hazard due to the point o f operation o f
such machines.
9
SAFETY CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
PART IV.— VENEER MACHINERY
SECTION 40. STEAMING EQUIPMENT AND SOAKING PITS
Rule 400. Steam vats and soaking pits.
(a) Sides o f steam vats shall extend to a height o f not less than
thirty-six (36) inches above the floor, working platform, or ground.
(&) Large steam vats divided into sections shall be provided with
substantial walkways between sections, each walkway to be provided
with a standard handrail, removable if necessary.
N ote.— Provided the size of stock handled will permit, it is advisable to keep
the size of the vat sectioi^ at eight (8) feet or less.
( c ) Finger guards shall be provided for steaming vats.
(d) In so far as possible vats shall be located in buildings or in
special sheds heated in cold weather to keep the amount o f steam
at a minimum.
(e) Means shall be provided to ventilate buildings in which
steam vats are located.
N ote .— High ceilings with roof ventilators or louvers are desirable.
ceilings or roofs are low, exhaust fans should be provided.
Where
SECTION 41. LOG-HANDLING EQUIPMENT
Rule 410. Cranes, log trolleys, etc.
(a) A ll gears, sprockets, and other dangerous parts shall be in
closed with standard guards.
(See Safety Code for Mechanical
Power-Transmission Apparatus.)
N ote .— T he use o f log trolleys or cranes is urgently recommended except
where the stock handled is very small.
SECTION 42. SAW S
Rule 420. Drag-saws.
(a)
Drag-saws shall be so located as to give at least four (4) feet
clearance for passage when saw is at extreme end o f stroke, or if
such clearance is not obtainable the saw and its driving mechanism
shall be provided with a standard inclosure.
SECTION 43. VENEER CUTTERS AND WRINGERS
Rule 430. Veneer slicer and rotary veneer cutters.
Revolving and other moving knives shall be guarded.
Rule 431. Veneer clippers.
(a)
Veneer clippers shall have automatic feed or shall be provided
with a guard which will make it impossible to place a finger or
fingers under the knife while feeding stock.
( i ) Sprockets on chain or slat belt conveyors shall be inclosed.
N ote .— It is recommended that conveyors or traveling tables be installed to
remove material from clippers.
Rule 432. Veneer wringers.
In-running side o f veneer wringer shall be inclosed, leaving only
sufficient space to insert stock but not enough to permit fingers to
enter the rolls.
10
SAFETY CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
Rule 433. Operating levers or treadles.
Operating levers or treadles on all veneer machinery shall be
b o located or protected that they can not be shifted or tripped acci
dentally.
PART V.— COOPERAGE MACHINERY
SECTION 50. SAW S
Rule 500. Heading bolters.
(a)
Each heading bolter shall have the saw inclosed to prevent
accidental contact.
N ote .— A hood fastened to the back o f log carrier is recommended to cover
th at portion o f the saw which can not be inclosed by a stationary housing.
(&) The log carrier shall be provided with an effective device
that will return the carrier automatically to a position in front o f
the saw. Such device shall not depend for its proper functioning
upon any rope, cord, or spring. I f a counterweight is used, a safety
chain should be attached to it to prevent dropping should the bar
break or the weight become disengaged. A ll bolts supporting the
bar, weight, and chain shall be provided with cotter pins or equally
effective device. A bolt shall be put through extreme end o f coun
terweight bar to prevent dropping o f weight.
(c)
A limit stop shall be provided to prevent the carrier from
swinging too far back and thereby exposing to contact the unguarded
portion o f the saw.
Rule 501. Swing cut-off saws.
F or rules covering this equipment see section 30, rules 304 to
307, inclusive.
Rule 502. Bolt, stave, and heading equalizers.
Each bolt, stave, and heading equalizer shall have the saws in
cased to prevent accidental contact, except that portion immediately
adjacent to the feeding device.
Rule 503. Barrel-stave saws (cylindrical saws).
Each machine o f this type shall have the saw and the revolving
part to which the saw blade is bolted inclosed to prevent accidental
contact, except that part o f saw immediately adjacent to the feed
ing device.
Rule 504. Heading saws, variable-feed ripsaws, flat-stave saws, head
rounders, etc.
(a) A ll machines coming under this rule shall have the saws in
closed to prevent accidental contact.
(b) W here sprocket feed device is used it shall be inclosed in such
a manner as to prevent the operator’s fingers from getting between
the feed sprocket and the stock.
( c ) Counterweights used to actuate feed shall operate in a sta
tionary casing.
SAFETY CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
11
SECTION 51. SINGLE AN D DOUBLE STAVE PLANERS, SINGLE AND
DOUBLE HEADING PLANERS
Rule 510. Guarding of cutting heads.
The exhaust hood or other guards, i f no exhaust system is re
quired, shall be so arranged and maintained as to guard effectively
all cutting heads and knives o f single and double planers.
Rule 511. Point of operation.
(a) Feed rolls, except such portion as may be necessary to admit
stock, shall be completely inclosed.
N ote .— Sectional feed rolls should be provided for heading planers.
(b) Where solid feed rolls are in use a sectional finger device (or
an equally effective safeguard) shall be used to prevent kick backs.
SECTION 52. STAVE AND HEADING JOINTERS A N D MATCHERS
Rule 520. Guarding.
Each stave or heading jointer shall have an adjustable or auto
matic guard to cover all o f the head except that portion where the
stock is applied.
Rule 521. Foot-power machines.
Foot-power machines for jointing staves shall be equipped with
a guard which prevents the operator’s fingers from coming in contact
with the knife.
SECTION 53. STAVE CROZIERS
Rule 530. Guarding.
The cutting heads shall be incased except that part which actually
embeds itself in the stock.
Rule 531. Feed chains.
The feed chains and sprockets o f stave croziers shall be completely
inclosed.
Rule 532. Counterweights.
A safety chain should be attached to counterweight to prevent
dropping should the counterweight b’ar break or the weight become
disengaged. A ll bolts supporting the bar, weight, and chain shall
be provided with cotter pins or other equally effective method o f
locking. A bolt shall be put through extreme end o f counterweight
rod to prevent dropping o f weight.
SECTION 54. BARREL SANDING MACHINES
Rule 540. Sanding belts.
Each belt sanding machine shall have both pulleys inclosed in
such a manner as to guard the points where the belt runs onto the
pulley. The edges o f the unused run o f the belts shall be inclosed.
SECTION 55. POWER W INDLASS FOR BARRELS
Rule 550. Counterweights.
Counterweights shall operate in a stationary casing.
12
SAFETY CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
Rule 551. Control levers.
Control levers shall be located within easy reach of the operator
when standing in the usual operating position.
SECTION 56. PAIL AND BARREL LATHES
Rule 560. Guards.
The requirements o f section 37 for back-knife and profile lathes,
in so far as they are applicable, shall govern the guarding o f pail
and barrel lathes.
SECTION 57. MISCELLANEOUS COOPERAGE M ACHINERY
Rule 570. Other machines not excluded.
The mention o f specific machines under sections 50 to 55, inclusive,
is not intended to exclude other working machines from the require
ments that safeguards be provided to reduce to a minimum the hazard
due to the point o f operation o f such machines.
PART VI.— OPERATING RULES
SECTION 60.— INSPECTION AND M AINTENANCE
Rule 600. Inspection.
A ll woodworking machinery should be inspected at intervals not
exceeding 60 days.
Rule 601. Maintenance.
(a) Dull, badly set, improperly filed, and gummed saws are re
sponsible for a large proportion o f circular and band saw accidents.
Great care should be taken by those responsible for the condition o f
such saws to make sure that they are properly filed, set, etc.; also
that they are removed as soon as they show indication o f becoming
dull.
(b) A ll knives and cutting heads o f woodworking machines
should be kept sharp, properly adjusted, and firmly secured.
( c ) Bearings should be kept free from lost motion and well
lubricated.
( d ) Arbors o f all circular saws should be free from play.
\e) Guards should be installed wherever possible and their use
enforced. I f special operations require the removal o f the guard,
it should be immediately replaced upon the completion o f the work
which required its removal. No employee should be permitted to
remove a guard or to operate the machine without the guard except
with the consent o f the foreman.
SECTION 61. SELECTION AND OPERATION OF MACHINES
Rule 610. Selection of suitable machines.
Machines should not be used for operations o f such variety as to
necessitate the removal o f safeguards suitable for the usual service.
The specific operations involving special hazards should be as
signed to machines suitable for such work.
SAFETY CODE FOE WOODWORKING PLANTS
13
Rule 611. Circular rip and cut-off saws.
(a) No foreman or other person in charge should permit a cir
cular ripsaw to be operated with hood, spreader, or kick-back device
removed, or rendered inoperative, unless the nature o f the operation
renders it impossible o f performance with such devices, or any o f
them, in position, in which case same shall be immediately replaced
upon completion o f such operation.
(b) A ll cracked saws should be removed from service.
Rule 612. Band saws and band resaws.
(a) Before starting a band saw the blade should be tested with
fingers and proper tension secured.
( b ) The back thrust should be adjusted carefully to the normal
position o f the saw blade.
( c ) T o secure satisfactory operation, means should be provided
for preventing the accumulation o f dust on the face o f band wheels.
(d ) Using a small saw for large work or forcing a wide saw to
cut on a small radius is bad practice. The saw blade should in all
cases be as large as the nature o f the work will permit.
(e) Saws should not be stopped too quickly nor by thrusting a
piece o f wood against the cutting edge o f teeth when power is off.
( / ) Twists or kinks should be prom ptly removed with a hammer.
(g) To avoid vibration, brazed joints should not be thicker than
the saw blade.
( h) Each saw should be carefully examined as it is put on or
taken off the band wheel to detect cracks or other defects. Cracked
saws or saws which indicate probability o f breakage should be
prom ptly removed to avoid injury both to saw and to operator.
Rule 613. Lathes.
Particular care should be taken to have all material fastened se
curely to faceplates or held properly between centers.
SECTION 62. VENEER MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT
Rule 620. Steam vats.
(a) Covers should be removed only from that portion o f steaming
vats on which men are working. A portable railing should be
placed at this point to protect the operators.
(b) Workmen should be forbidden to ride or step on logs in steam
vats.
( c ) A ll cranes, log trolleys, and other hoisting equipment used in
the veneer industry should be tested and inspected frequently.
(.d) When attaching dogs to log care should be taken not to place
hand or fingers where they might be caught between log and dog.
(e)
Particular attention should be given to inspection and mainte
nance o f veneer saws.
( / ) Care should be taken to see that all material is securely
fastened to the saw table.
( g ) Whenever veneer slicers or rotary veneer cutters have been
shut down for the purpose o f inserting log or to make adjustments
operators should make sure that machine is clear and other work
men are not in a hazardous position before starting the machine.
( h) Operators should be forbidden to ride the carriage o f a
veneer slicer.
14
SAFETY CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
SECTION 63. CLOTHING AND GOGGLES WORN BY OPERATORS
Rule 630. Clothing.
(a) Gloves should not be worn while operating machines.
(b) Loose flowing garments, sleeves, neckties, etc., offer a decided
accident hazard and should not be worn by operators o f machines.
Rule 631. Goggles.
Where danger from dust, flying chips, etc., exist, proper eye pro
tection should be provided. (See National Safety Code for the
Protection o f the Heads and Eyes o f Industrial W orkers.)
PART VII.— EXPLANATORY MATTER
SECTION 70
Rule 700. Location of machinery.
By locating heavy-duty machinery on the ground floor, most o f
the vibration due to high operating speed can be eliminated.
Rule 701. Machine foundations.
Undue vibration and noise caused by high-speed machinery may
be eliminated to a large extent by cushioning the machine founda
tion. This can be done by inserting rubber, felt, cork, or other
elastic material between the machine base and the floor beams or
girders to which the machine is fastened. It must be borne in mind,
however, that the bolts that hold the machine to the foundation
must not pass through or touch the girders or floor beams o f build
ing. The cushioning material must be fastened to the floor beams
or girders by bolts that are independent o f the machine base.
Rule 702. Motor drive.
The initial expense o f individual motor drive is frequently higher
than that o f other power-transmission equipment such as line shaft
ing, etc., but has a great many advantages. It offers a better control
o f the individual machine. It also eliminates overhead shafting and
belting, thereby im proving lighting and general appearance o f shop.
Then, too, it eliminates injuries due to oiling and maintenance o f
overhead transmission equipment.
Rule 703. Lighting.
Proper lighting is o f vital importance. It is a widespread belief
among men experienced in accident prevention work that 25 per
cent o f all avoidable accidents in the country are due to improper
lighting. Too much is often as bad as insufficient illumination. The
Lighting Code gives values o f intensities. It is also important that
proper attention is given to the maintenance o f all lighting equip
ment, i. e., cleaning and adjustment o f reflectors. Dust accumulated
on the lamp bulbs quickly cuts down the intensity o f the light.
Makeshift reflectors or those whose adjustment has been impaired
have a tendency to spoil the efficiency o f any carefully worked out
lighting system.
Rule 704. Selection of suitable machines.
Under rule 610 o f this code the statement is made that machines
should not be used fo r operations o f such variety as to necessitate the
SAFETY CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
15
removal o f safeguards suitable for the usual service. It is well to
plan or route the work in such a way as to avoid too frequent adjust
ment o f machines and altering o f position o f guards. The proper
regard for this rule will increase production by reducing the time
lost due to making adjustments, and will also reduce accidents by
insuring continued use o f safeguards suitable to the work.
Rule 706. Care of machines and tools.
Dull and improperly set tools are the direct cause o f many acci
dents which are attributed to carelessness of operator or lack o f
proper guards.
Rule 707. Cracked saws.
The practice o f drilling the end o f a crack in a saw to prevent
further cracking should not be permitted, as the use o f such a saw is
extremely dangerous. Cracked saws should not be used.
Rule 708. Wabble saws.
In some plants it is customary to rig up a circular saw by insert
ing wedges between the saw disk and the collar to form what is com
monly known as a wabble saw. This saw is used for the work ordi
narily performed by a dado saw. This practice is dangerous and
should not be permitted.
INDEX
Part
A cciden ts, prevention o f .........
A d ju stm en ts:
Safeguards..............................
Veneer slicers or rotary
cu tters................................ .
A d v isory requirem ents............ .
Aisles, w id th o f ............................
A p p lica tion of cod e .....................
A rbors, circular saw s................ .
A u tom a tic feeding d evices___
A u tom a tic guards, jo in te rs ___
B ack -kn ife lathes........................
B a n d saw s....................................
A ccidents, prevention o f _ .
Care of, discussion of rules.
Speed, rules concerning.
B a n d resaw s........................ . .
Care of, discussion o f rules.
Barrel lathes..................................
Barrel sanding m ach in es..........
B arrel-stavesaw s (cylindrical).
Bearings, m aintenance o f.........
Belt, sanding m achines.............
Belts, sanding...............................
B o lt equalizers..............................
B orin g m achines...................... ..
B razed joints, thickness o f____
C h ucks, boring and m ortising
m achines............ ....................... .
C ircular saw s................................
A cciden ts, prevention of...
A rb o rs....................................
Speeds, table........................ .
C ircular crosscut saw s.............. .
C ircular resaws:
G uards fo r ..............................
Spreaders................................
Circular ripsaws:
C racked saw s........................
G uards fo r..............................
O peration o f . ........................
C lippers, veneer. .........................
C loth in g, operators’ :
G lo v e s ....................................
Loose ga rm e n ts ...................
C odes, references t o ___________
C on trol levers.......... ............... . ..
C ooperage m ach in ery ________
Counterw eights, rules concern
ing:
B oring and m ortising m a
chines.................................. .
H eading saws, e t c ............ ..
P ow er w indlass for barrels.
Stave croziers........................
Sw ing cu t-off saw s............. .
C racked saws:
D rillin g and use o f...........
R em ova l o f ........................... .
Cranes:
L og-han dling eq u ip m en t.
Veneer in d u stry ..................
Cross-cuttablesaw s, guards for.
Croziers, s ta v e..............................
C u t-off saw s..................... ........... .
C u ttin g heads, guarding of:
B ack-knife, profile and
swing-head lathes............
M old in g ,
planing m a
chines, e t c ......................... .
Single and d oub le planers..
Stave croziers........................
T en on in g m achines........... .
Dado saw s................ ............. ..
16
Sec
tion
60
R u le
601 (a)
704
620 (d)
20
112
11
601 (d)
201
320
601 (a)
612
202 (b)
612
503
600 (c)
383
540
502
612 (g)
340
601 fa)
601 (d)
202 (a)
300
302 (a)
302 (6)
611L0>)
301L(a)
611 (a)
431
630 (a)
630 (b)
13
551
341
504 (c)
550
532
305
707
J 611 (6)
\ 612 (h)
410
620 (c)
300
370
360
510
530
330
708
Part
D efinitions_____________________
D evices:
A u tom atic feedin g...............
K ic k -b a c k ...............................
Sectional fin g e r .............. ..
Sprocket fe e d _____________
Starting and s t o p p i n g ___
S p in d le ............................
D isk sanding m a ch in es.............
D rag-saw s.......................................
D ru m sanding m a ch in e s______
Em ergency stops. (See Safety
C o d e for M e c h a n i c a l
Pow er-T ransm ission A p p a
ratus.)
Equalizers, bolt, head and
stave.................. ....................... ..
E q u ip m e n t__________ _________
L og-h an dlin g.........................
S t e a m in g , v e n e e r m a
ch in e ry ............... .................
Veneer m achines__________
E xceptions to rules____ _______
Exhaust system :
Back-knife, profile, and
swing-head m achines___
M old in g ,
planing
m a
chines, e t c ......................... .
T en on in g m ach in es.............
E xplanatory m a tte r...................
Feed chains, guards for:
Stave croziers.........................
T en on in g m ach in es_______
Feed rolls, rules concerning:
B a nd saws and ban d re
saw s......................................
Circular and other saws___
D ru m sanding m achines. _
M o ld in g ,
planing
m a
chines, etc_________ _____
Single and d ou b le planers.
Flat-stave saw s..... ............. .........
Floors:
R epair of.... ..................... .......
N o n s lip --------------------- -------F oot-pow er m ach in es_________
Gears, guards for..........................
( See also Safety C od e for
M echanical P ow er-T rans
m ission Apparatus.)
Goggles, eye p ro te ctio n ..............
( See also N ational Safety
C od e for the P rotection of
the H eads and E y es of In
dustrial W orkers.)
G uarding of:
C u tting heads—
B a ck -k n ife ,
p ro file
an d s w in g -h e a d
lathes............................
Planing m achines, e tc.
Single and
do u b le
planers...... ...................
Stave croziers.................
T en on in g m ach in es___
W o o d shapers.................
Saws beneath and beh in d
tables....................................
Stave or heading join ters- G uards:
A u to m a tic ...............................
Barrel and pail lath es.........
Installation and rem oval
oI
............... .
Sec
tion
R ule
2
2
3
{ 5I
2
3
3
4
3
20
30
36
51
50
20
35
38
42
38
301
361
511
504
200
201
(c)
(c)
(6)
(6)
{d)
351
382
420
381
5
2
4
50
4
6
40
62
1
11
3
37
370 (&)
3
3
7
36
33
360 (6)
330 ( b)
5
3
53
33
531
331
3
3
3
31
30
38
311
303
380
3
5
5
36
51
50
361
511
504
1
1
5
4
11
11
52
41
110
111
521
410 (a)
6
63
631
3
3
37
36
370
360 (a)
5
5
3
3
51
53
33
35
510
530
330
350
3
5
30
52
307
520
3
5
32
56
320
560
6
60 1 601(e)
502
41
17
INDEX
Part
H and-feed panel raiser.............
H and-feed planer:
E q u ip m e n t............. . ...........
G uard f o r .............................
H ead rounders ____ ________
H eading bolters______________
H eading equalizers___________
H eading join ters--------------------H eading planers, single and
d o u b le ------- -------------------------H eading saw s........................ —
Inspection :
Cranes, log trolleys, etc.,
veneer m ach in es_______
Veneer saw s______________
W ood w ork in g m achinery
Installations, new and o ld ____
Joints:
Brazed, thickness of______
U niversal,
boring
m a
chines___________________
Jointers.............................. ............
E q u ip m e n t_______ ________
G uards—
H orizontal h ea d ______
Vertical h ea d ............... .
H eading and sta ve _______
K ick -b a ck d evice -------------------Latches, circular saw s________
Lathes:
Back-knife, profile and
swing head_____________
Barrel and p a il___________
L a y o u t of m achines__________
Levers, operating_____________
L ig h tin g ---------- ----------------------(See also Lighting Code.)
L im it stops:
Circular and other sa w s ...
L og carrier________________
Location of m a c h in e r y .............
L og carrier, equ ip m en t_______
L og trolleys___________________
L og-handling equ ip m en t-------M achine d riv e ________________
M achine fou n dation s............... .
M ach in e la y ou t_______________
M a ch in es_____________________
Care of____________________
Selection and operation of.
M a ch in ery . .................. ...........
C ooperage..........................
L ocation o f ........... ...........
Veneer___________ ______
M aintenance of tools_______
Veneer saw s____________
M a n d a tory req u irem en ts...
M atch ers___________________
M a tch in g m achines-----------M a x im u m speeds:
T a ble, circular saw s____
M old in g m achines....... ..........
M ortising m achines________
M o to r drive, advantages of___
M iscellaneous m achines:
C ooperage______________
W ood w ork in g m ach in ery.
Operating rules_______ _______
O perating treadles:
B oring and m ortising m a
chines__________________
Veneer m ach in ery..............
O peration of m a c h in e s ............
O perator’s cloth in g ...... .............
P ail lathes____________________
Planers, single and dou b le___
Planing m achines.................. ..
P lant layout _________ ..._____
P oin t of operation:
D efined..................................
Jointers____________ ______
Single and dou b le planers
Pow er control, provision fo r ..
Sec
tion
R u le
350
321 (a)
320
504
500
502
620 (c)
620 (<?)
600
12
612 (g)
321 (a)
320
321 (6)
301 (c)
306 (6)
100
433
703
306 (a)
500 (c)
700
500 (b)
410
200
701
100
Part
Pow er w indlass for barrels___
Profile lathes____ _______ _____ _
Pulleys:
Sanding m a ch in e s..............
B e lt___________________
( See also Safety C ode for
M echanical Pow er-Transm ission Apparatus.)
Push block , defined. ..............
Push stick, defined___________
R ecom m en d ed speeds:
T a ble, circular saw s...........
References to other co d e s .........
Resaws:
B a n d _________ _____ _______
C ircular.......... ............... .........
R ipsaw s:
Circular and self-feed_____
V ariable-feed______ _______
R o ta ry veneer cutters________
R u les for operation ___________
Safeguards, adjustm ent and
rem oval o f________ _____ _____
Sanding b e lts....... ............. ...........
Sanding m a c h in e s ..................
Barrel_____________________
B e lt____ _____________ _____
D is k ______________________
D ru m ........ ........... ....... ...........
Saw s............ ..................... ...............
B a n d ________ _______ ______
Barrel-stave................ ...........
Circular................ ..................
D a d o ............... ..................... ..
Flat-stave____________ _____
H ead rou n ders____________
H ead in g___________________
R ip , variable-feed________
Spreader........................................ .
5
3
60
62
2
52
36
601
620 (e)
20
2
3
3
7
20
36
34
70
202 (a)
5
3
6
57
39
570
390
3
4
6
6
5
5
3
1
34
43
61
63
56
51
36
343
433
630
2
32
51
20
21
321
511
200 (C)
Sprockets:
G uards fo r________________
( See also Safety C ode for
M echanical Pow er-T ransm ission A pparatus.)
Stave croziers_____________
T en on in g m achines.............
Veneer clippers.....................
Sprocket feed d ev ice __________
Starting and stopping devices:
General rules. (See Safe
ty C od e for M echanical
P o w e r -T r a n s m is s io n
A pparatus.)
S pin dle............... ........... .........
Stave c ro z ie rs :.................. ...........
Stave equalizers...........................
Stave join ters.......................... .
Stave planers, single and
d o u b le ..........................................
Steam vats:
E q u ip m e n t ............................
O perating r u le s ...................
Sticking m a c h in e s .....................
Sw ing cut-off saws, e q u ip
m e n t_____________________ _
Sw ing-head l a t h e s . . . . . . . ..........
T en on in g m a c h in e s ...................
T o o ls, m aintenance o f______ _
4
6
6
3
5
2
702
23
22
202 (a)
13
301 (a)
504
430
70
54
38
54
38
38
38
42, 50
31
50
30
70
50
50
50
50
30
50
70
31
Sw ing c u t-o ff...... ...................
700
R u le
383
540
W a b b le ____________ _______
Saw blades, guards fo r________
Scope of c o d e ________________ ..
Sectional feed ro lls__________
Selection of m a ch in e s ............ .
Self-feed rip saw ____________ . . .
Slicer, veneer.................................
Soaking p i t s .. ............ ......... .........
Solid feed ro lls....... ..................... .
Speeds:
B a nd s a w s ............................
Circular saw s........................
70
Sec
tion
1
36
61
30
43
40
704
540
383
382
381
503
708
504
504
504
504
304, 305
501
708
310
10
361 (b)
610
301 (a)
430
400
361 (c)
202 (b)
202 (a)
r 301 (b)
. 302 (b)
410 (a)
5
3
4
5
53
33
43
50
531
331
431 (b)
504 (6)
351
502
400
620
30
304-307
37 ........
33 '
0,70 r 601,'706
INDEX
18
Treadles, operating:
B oring and m ortising m a
chines....................................
Veneer m ach in ery................
U niversal joints, boring m a
chines............................................
Variable-feed r ip s a w s ...............
Veneer clippers.............................
Veneer cutters, rotary.................
Veneer m achines, e q u ip m e n t.
Veneer m achinery.............. .......
Veneer saws, inspection and
m aintenance.............................
Part
Sec
tion
3
4
34
43
343
433
3
5
4
4
6
4
34
50
43
43
62
342
504
431
430
6
62
620 (e)
Rule
Part
Veneer slicers:
A d ju stm en ts.......................
Carriages o f ........................
Guards fo r...........................
Veneer wringers........ ...............
V ibration, elim ination o f ___
W abble saw s.................. ...........
W o o d jointers, vertical head
W ood w ork in g m a ch in e ry ___
Inspection o f......................
M aintenance o f to o ls___
W o o d shapers...........................
W ringers, veneer......................
Sec
tion
62
62
43
43
70
70
32
R u le
620 (g)
620 (h)
430
iM
700,7101
708
321 (b)
60 ........ 600
60
35
43
601 (6)
@FedFRASER