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U. 5. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
JAMES J. DAVIS, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
ETHELBERT STEWART, Commissioner
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES}
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS •
SAFETY
. . . · No. 378
SERIES
CODE
SAFETY CODE
FOR
WOODWORKING PLANTS
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT BOARDS AND
COMMISSIONS AND THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF CASUALTY
AND SURETY UNDERWRITERS, SPONSORS
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TENTATIVE AMERICAN STANDARD
Approved October 16, 1924, by
American Engineering Standards Committ:ee
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DECEMBER, 1924
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1925
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ADDITIONAL COPIES
OF THIS PUBUCATION KAY BE PROCUBEII FROM
THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOOUYENTS
GOVERNYENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D. C,
AT
5 CENTS PER COPY
V
THE SECTIONAL COMMITTEE WHICH FORMULATED THE SAFETY
CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
'
R,epresenting InternationaZ Association of IndttStriaZ Accident Boards and Commissions:
Dr. Lucian W. Chaney, Bureau of Labor Statistics, United States Department of Labor, Washington, D. C.
C. B. Connelly, Department of Labor and Industry, Harrisburg, Pa.
R. McA. Keown, Industrial Commission, Madison, Wis. ( State Capitol).
Richard J. Cullen, Department of Labor, 124 East Twenty-eighth Street,
New York City.
Rowland H. Leveridge, Chief, Bureau of Electrical and Mechanical Equipment, New Jersey State Labor Department, Trenton, N. J.
John P. Meade, Director, Division of Industrial Safety, Department of
Labor and Industries, State House, Boston, Mass.
Representing National Bureau of Casualty and Surety Underwriters:
T. M. Nial, National Bureau of Casualty and Surety Underwriters.
W. S. Paine, Research Engineer, Bureau of Inspection and Accident Prevention, Aetna Life Insurance Co., Hartford, Conn.
J. L. Thompson, Superintendent, Engineering and Inspection Department,
Travelers Insurance Co., Hartford, Conn.
Bolger Jensen, Manager, Engineering Department, Maryland Casualty Co.,
Baltimore, Md.
F. M. Bullen, Assistant Underwriter, United States Casualty Co., 80 Maiden
Lane, New York City.
Representing makers of safeguards:
A. F. Howe, Granite City, ·n1
Representing Department of Commerce:
John A. Dickinson, Bureau of Standards, Department of Commerce,
Washington, D. C.
Ma-nufacturers of woodworking machinery:
A. G. Stuedeman, President, Jenkins Machine Co., Sheboygan, Wis.
Users of woodworking machinery:
Mr. William B. Baker, Secretary Association of Wood Using Industries,
Room 531, Monadnock Building, 53 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Ill.
Fred Burdick, Northern Furniture Co., Sheboygan, Wis.
W. L. E. Keuffel, % Keuffel & Esser Co., Adams & Third Streets, Hoboken,
N. J.
Representing workmen:
Joseph Binder, Pattern Makers' League, 1007 Second National Bank
Building, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Carpenters and Joiners' Union,
John T. Cosgrove, First General Vice President, United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America, Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis,
Ind.
George Orris, Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Representing FederaZ Compensation Commission:
R. J. Hoage, Chief Statistician, United States Compensation Commission,
Washington, D. C.
Representing National Associ~tion of Mutual Casualty Companies:
F. A. Barker, Lumbermen's Mutual Casualty Co., Lumber Exchange, Chicago, Ill.
Representing Electric Power Club:
A. H. Moore, General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y.
Representing National Safety Oouncil:
A. S. Regula, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., 41 East Forty-second Street,
New York City.
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m
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CONTENTS
IN'l'RODUCTION
Page
Section 1. Scope, application, and exception___________________________
Rule 10. Scope------------------------- ------------------------Rule 11. Application and exceptions______________________________
Rule 12. New and old installations_______________________________
Rule 13. Reference to other codes________________________________
Section 2. Definitions________________________________________________
Rule 20. " Shall" and "should" _____ ---------------------------Rule 21. Point of operations________________________________________
Rule 22. Push stick______________________________________________
Rule 23. Push block______________________________________________
1, 2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
PART 1.-PLANT LAYOUT
Section 10. Machinery------------------- ---------------------------Rule 100. Machine layout_________________________________________
Section 11. Floors and aisles_________________________________________
Rule 110. Floors kept repaired___________________________________
Rule 111. Nonslip floors------------------------- ---------------Rule 112. Aisles_________________________________________________
2
2
2, 3
2
3
3
PART 11.-MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT
Section 20. Machine drive, feed, speed, and control____________________
Rule 200. Machine drive ______________-___________________________
Rule 201. Self-feed--------------------- ------------------------Rule 202. Speeds----------------------~ -------------------------
3, 4
3
3
3,4
PART 111.-WOODWORKING MACHINERY
::lection 30. Circular crosscut, rip, resaw, and swing cut-off saw3________
Rule 300. Crosscut table saws____________________________________
Rule 301. Ripsaws ------------------------------- ----------~----Rule 302. Circular resaws________________________________________
Rule 303. Feed rolls______________________________________________
Rule 304. Swing cut-off saws_____________________________________
Rule 305. Counterweights ------------------------------- --------Rule 306. Limit stops and latches_________________________________
Rule 307. Guarding of saws beneath and behind tables_____________
Section 31. Band saws and band resaws____________________ ____
Rule 310. Inclosing saw blades___________________________________
Rule 311. Feed rolls________________________ _________________
Section 32. Jointers ------------------------------ -----------------Rule 320. Automatic guards------------------------ -------------Rule 321. Point of operation ___________________ :...__________________
Section 33. Tenoning machines ------------------------------ -------Rule 330. Guarding of cutting heads______________________________
Rule 331. Feed chains and sprockets______________________ _______
Section 34. Boring and mortising machines___________________________
Rule 340. Chucks ------------------------- -------------Rule 341. Counterweights -------------------------- -------Rule 342. Universal joints_________________________ _____________
Rule 343. Guarding 11perating treadles_____________________________
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V
4, 5
4
4
4, 5
5
5
5
5
5
5, 6
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6, 7
6
7
7
7
VI
CONTENTS
Section 35. Wood i:;.hapers, etc. _______________________________________ _
Rule 350. Gua:i'ding of cutting heads ____________________________ _
Rule 351. Spindle starting and stopping devices ___________________ _
Section 36. Planing, molding, sticking, and matching machines, etc _____ _
Rule 360. Guarding of cutting heads _____________________________ _
Rule 361. Feed rolls --------------------------------------------Section 37. Profile, swing-head, and back-knife lathes _________________ _
Rule 370. Guarding of cutting heads ____________________________ _
Section 38. Sand:ng machines ------------------------------------Rule 380. Feed rolls---------------------------------------------_
Rule 381. Drum sanding machines ________________________________
Rule 382. Disk sanding machines_.:. ______________________________ _
Rule 383. Belt sanding machines _________________________________ _
Section 39. Miscellaneous machines______________________ .;. ___________ _
Rule 390. Other machines not excluded ___________________________ _
Page
7
7
7
7,8
.'
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
PART IV.-VENEER MACHINERY
9
Section 40. Steaming equipment and soaking pits______________________
9
Rule 400. Steam vats and soaking pits---------'-----------------__
9
Section 41. Log-handling equipment___________________________________
9
Rule 410. Cranes, log trolleys, etc_________________________________
V
Section 4~. Saws_____________________________________________________
9
Rule 420. Drag-saws_____________________________________________
Section 43. Veneer cutters and wringers______ -'------------------------- 9, 10
9
Rule 430. Veneer slicer and rotary veneer cutters__________________
9
Rule 431. Veneer clippers________________________________________
9
Rule 432. Veneer wringers------------------'--------------------10
Rule 433. Operating levers or treadles_____________________________
PART V.-COOPERAGE MACHINERY
10
Section 50. Saws ---------------------------- - ----------------------10
Rule 500. Heading bolters ____ -----------------------------10
Rule 501. Swing cut-off saws____________________________________
10
Rule 502. Bolt, stave, and heading equalizers_..: ______________ :______
10
Rule 503. Barrel-stave saws (cylindrical saws)____________________
Rule 504. Heading saws, variable-feed ripsaws, flat-stave saws, head
10
rounders, etc----------------,.-----------------------------~Section 51. Single and double stave planers, single and double heading
ll
planers____________________________ ------------------------------1l
Rule 510. Guarding of cutting heads ____________ :_______________
11
Rule 511. Point of operation_____________________________________
11
Section 52. Stave and heading jointers and matchers___________________
11
Rule 520. Guarding -----------------------------~---------------11
Rule 521. Foot-power machines___________________________________
11
Section 53. Stave croziers____________________________________________
11
Rule 530. Guarding______________________________________________
11
Rule 531. Feed chains____________________________________________
11
Rule 532. Counterweights---------------------------------------11
Section 54. Barrel sanding machines____________________________________
u
Rule 540. Sanding belts__________________________________________
Section 55. Power windlass for barrels ________________________________ 11, 12
11
Rule 550. Counterweights---------------------------------------12
Rule 551. Control levers_________________________________________
12
Section 56. Pail and barrel lathes_____________________________________
12
Rule 560. Guards----------------------------------"'------------12
Section 57. Miscellaneous cooperage machinerY----------------------~-12
Rule 570. Other machines not excluded____________________________
PART VI.-OPERATING RULES
Section 60. Inspection and maintenance_______________________________
Rule 600. Inspection______________________________________________
Rule 601. Maintenance------------------------~------------------
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12
12
12
CONTENTS.
vn
Page
Section 61. Selection and operation of machines _______________________ 12, 13
12
Rule 610. Selection of suitable machines__________________________
13
Rule 611. Circular rip and cut-off saws____________________________
13
Rule 612. Band saws and band resaws____________________________
13
Rule 613. Lathes_________________________________________________
13
Section 62. Veneer machines and equipment____________________________
13
Rule 620. Steam vats____________________________________________
14
Section 63. Clothing and goggles worn by operators___________________
14
Rule 630. Clothing______________ ~-------------------------------14
Rule 631. Goggles_______________________________________________
P.ABT VIL-EXPLANATORY MATTER
Section 70__________________________________________________________ 14, 15
14
Rule 700. Location of machinery_________________________________
14
Rule 701. ~Iachine foundations___________________________________
14
Rule 702. Motor drive____________________________________________
14
Rule 703. Lighting_______________________________________________
14
Rule 704. Selection of suitable machines__________________________
15
Rule 705. Saw speeds_____________________________________________
15
Rule 706. Care of machines and tools_____________________________
15
Rule 707. Cracked saws__________________________________________
15
Rule 708. Wabble saws___________________________________________
Index ----------------------------------- ----------------------------- 16-18
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BULLETIN OF THE
U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
WASHINGTON
NO. 378
DECEMBER, lffl
SAFETY CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
INTRODUCTION
1. This woodworkin~ safety code is primarily int.ended to cover
the hazards of the "pomt of operation ' in woodworking machinery
frqtn the crude lumber to the finished product.
2. This code is one of a series intended ultimat.ely to cover all
American industry which are being prepared under the procedure of
the American Engineering Standards Committee.
·
3. The code is in form to be adopted by States and municipalities
or promulgated by order of an industrial commission.
4. It may also be used by industrial establishments which use
woodworking machinery to t.est and standardize the~r safety equipment.
5. The code will be revised from time to time to keep it abreast
with the advances of safety practice.
SECTION 1. SCOPE, APPLICATION, AND EXCEPTION
Rule 10. Scope.
This code is intended as a guide for the safe operation and maintenance of woodworking machinery, including cooperage and making
of veneer. It deals primarily with " point of operation" hazards on
woodworking machinery.
Rule 11. Application and exceptions.
The purpose of this code is to provide reasonable safety for life,
limb, and health. In cases of practical difficulty or unnecessary
hardship the enforcing authority may grant exceptions from the
literal requirements of this code or permit the use of other devices
or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that equivalent protection is thereby afforded.
NOTE.-It is suggested that when exceptions are asked the enforcing authority
consult with the Committee on Safety Code for Woodworking Plants, care
American Engineering Standards Committee, 29 West Thirty-ninth Street, New
York City. Such consultation will tend to bring about uniform application of
the code and will keep the committee informed of criticisms which should be
considered.
Rule 12. New and old installations.
After the date when this code becomes effective all new construction and installations shall conform to its provisions. Equipment
installed prior to that date shall be modified to conform to its provisions unless exception is allowed in accordance with rule 11.
16526°-26---2
1
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2
SAFETY CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
Rule 13. Reference to other codes.
The present code is supplemented by the following codes of the
American Engineering Standards Committee which deal with general hazards. Of special importance are the following:
·
(a)
(b)
( c)
( d)
-Mechanical power-transmission apparatus.
Exhaust systems.
Lighting.
Electrical codes:
1. National Fire Code.
2. National Safety Code.
3. Power Control Code.
SECTION 2. DEFINITIONS
Rule 20. "Shall" and "should."
The word "shall" is to be understood as mandatory; the word
"should" as advisory.
Rule 21. Point of operations.
The term '' point of operations" shall be understood to mean thltt
point at which cutting, shaping, or. forming is. accomplished upon\
the stock, and shall include such other points as lnay offer a hazard
to the operator in inserting or manipulating the stock in the operation of the machine.
Rule 22. Push stick.
Push stick shall mean a narrow strip of wood with a notch cut
into one end and used to push short pieces of lumber through saws.
Rule 23. Push, block.
Push block shall mean a short block of hardwood provided with a
handle similar to that of a plane and having a shoulder at the rear
end. This block is used for pushing short stock over revolving
cutters.
1
PART 1.-PLANT LAYOUT
SECTION 10. MACHINERY
Rule 100. Machine layout.
(a) Machines should be so located that each OJ.>erator will have
sufficient space in which to handle the material with the least possible interference from or to other workmen or machines. Machines
should be so placed that it will not be necessary for the operator to
stand in or so near an aisle as to be liable to hazard.
(b) Woodworking machinery shall be firmly secured to substantial floor or foundations.
NOTE.-Wherever plant layout permits, it is advisable to locate heavy-duty
machines on the ground floor.
( c) Machines should be arranged to take advantage of natural
lighting as far as possible.
(d) Provision should be made for the removal of shavings and
dust.
SECTION 11. FLOORS AND AISLES
Rule 110. · Floors kept repaired.
All floors shall be kept in good repair and shall be free from protruding nails, splinters, holes, unevenness, and loose boards.
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SAFETY OODE FOB WOODWORKING PLANTS
8
Rule 111. Nonslip floors.
;Floors where operators stand to operate ma<'hines, such as wood
shaper~ jointers, saws, and wood-turning lathes, shall be provided
with ettective means to prevent slipping.
Rule 112. Aisles.
Aisles of sufficient width to permit the passing of trucks and
workmen without crowding shall be · maintained in a.11 working
plac.es and stock rooms.
PART II.-MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT
SECTION 20. MACHINE DRIVE, FEED, SPEED, AND CONTROL
Rule 200. Machine drive.
(a) It is recommended that careful consideration be given to the
advantages of individual motor drive.
(b) Not more than 10 machines should be driven by a single
motor or other power unit.
(c) A mechanical or electrical J?OWer control should be provided
on each machine which will make 1t possible for the operator to cut
off the power from each machine without leaving his position at the
point of operation.
(d) For general rules regarding starting and stopping devices,
emergency stops, etc., see Safety Code for Mechanical Power-Transmission Apparatus.
Rule 201. Self-feed.
It is recommended that automatic feeding devices on machines be
installed wherever the nature of the work will permit.
Rule 202. Speeds.
(a) OirC'Ular saws.-The table gives the recpmmended and maximum speed in revolutions per minute for various sizes of circular
saws working in softwood. The maximum allowable speed, given in
the third column of the table, shall not be exceeded.
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CIRCULAR SAW SPEEDS
Revolutions per minute
Diameter of saw
8-lncb _________ •••••• 10-incb ____ ._ •••••••••
12-incb••••••••••••• _.
14-lncb•••••••••••••••
16-incb_._••••••••••••
18-lncb••••• _._ ••••• _.
20-incb_ •• _._ •••••••••
22-lncb•••••••••••••••
24-incb •••••••••••••••
26-incb •••••••••••••••
28-incb •••••••••••••••
30-incb•••••••••••••••
82-lncb•••••••••••••••
34-incb•••••••••••••••
36-incb•••••••••••••••
40-incb•••••••••••••••
#-inch._ •••••••••••••
'8-incb •••••••••••••••
114-lncb•••••••••••••••
60-incb._ •••••••••••••
m::refror
Ma1:lmum
softwoods
speed
4,500
3,600
3,000
2,570
2,250
2,000
1,800
1,635
1,500
1,385
1,285
1,200
I,125
1,060
I,000
900
820
750
1166
600
5,400
4,320
3,600
3,085
2,700
2,400
2,160
1,965
1,800
1,660
1,540
1,440
1,350
1,270
1,200
1,:
900
800
720
4
SAli'ETY CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
(b) Band saws.
1. No band-saw wheel shall be run at a speed in excess of tniat.
which will allow a factor of safety of 10 in all parts of the wheel.
2. The frame of each machine shall be marked by the manufac- .
turer in letters not less than one-quarter of an inch m height showing this maximum allowable speed.
.
3. Band-saw wheels shall be so designed, manufactured, and
mounted that they will run true at the maximum allowable speed
without excessive vibration.
PART m.-WOODWORKING MACHINERY
SECTION 30. CIRCULAR CROSSCUT, RIP, RESAW, AND SWING
CUT-OFF SAWS
'
NOTB TO SECTION ao.-It ls recognized that these standards for saw ~rds
are not perfectly applicable to all operations for which saws are used. ,
The standards given are those upon which woodworkers have agreed as m'(;\St
generally useful. .
·
',
Since there are a considerable number of cases not satisfactorily met by\
these standards, the enforcing authority should exercise rather wide latitude 1
in allowing the use of other devices which give promise of affording adequate '
protection.
It may be expected that by so doing further progress in saw guarding will
be encouraged.
Rule 300. Crosscut table saws.
Each circular crosscut saw shall be guarded by a hood which shall
cover the saw at all times at least to the depth of the teeth. The
hood shall adjust itself automatically to the thickness of, and shall
remain in contact with, the material being cut. The hood shall also
be so designed as to protect the operator from flying splinters and
broken saw teeth.
Rule 301. Ripsaws.
(a) Each circular ripsaw shall be guarded by a hood which shall
cover the saw at all times at least to the depth of the teeth. The
hood shall adjust itself automatically to the thickness of, and shall
remain in contact with, the material being cut. The hood shall also
be so designed as to protect the operator from flying splinters and
broken saw teeth.
The hood for self-feed ripsaw need not rest upon the table nor
upon the material being cut. Such hoods shall be required to extend
to a position not more than one-half inch above a plane passing
through the bottom of the feed rolls.
(b) Spreader.-Each circular ripsaw (other than self-feed saws
with a roller or wheel back of saw) shall be provided with a spreader
fastened securely behind the saw. The spreader shall be slightly
thinner than the saw kerf and sli~htly thicker than the saw disk.
(c) Kiclc-b(J,(Jlc device.-Each c1rcular ripsaw (other than self-feed
saws with a roller or wheel back of saw) shall be provided with
a device to prevent material from being thrown back on the operator.
Rule 302. Circular resaws.
(a) Each circular resaw shall be guarded by a hood or shield ot
metal above the saw. Such hood or shield shall be so designed as
to guard against danger fr~m flying splinters or broken saw teeth.
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Sil'ETY CODE FOR WOODWOBKING PLANTS
5
(l>) Each circular resaw (other than self-feed saws with a roller
or wheel at back of saw) shall be provided with a spreader fastened
securely behind the saw. The spreader shall be sliJhtly thinner than
the saw kerf and slightly thicker than the saw disk.
·Rule 303. Feed rolls.
Feed rolls shall be protected by a semicylindrical guard to prevent
the hands of the operator from coming in contact with the in-running
rolls at any point. The guard shall be constructed of heavy material,
preferably metal, adjustable to the size of the stock being cut and
firmly secured to the frame of the machine.
Rule 304. Swing cut-o:tr saws.
Each swing cut-off saw shall be provided with a metal hood, so
arrani?ed that the part of the saw above the table ·is covered to at
least \the root of the teeth. This hood shall be constructed in such a
maiµier and of such material that it will afford the operator a view
of the cutting edge of the saw at all times.
NOTE.-The hood should adjust itself automatically to the thickness of, and
remain in contact with, the material being cut. The hood shall be so designed
ss to protect the operator from flying splinters and broken saw teeth.
Rule 305. Counterweights.
Each swing cut-off saw shall be provided with an effective device
to return the saw automatically' to the back of the table when released
at any point of its travel. Such device shall not depend for its
proper functioning upon any rope, cord, or spring. If there is a
count.erweight, one of the following or equivalent means shall be
used to prevent its dropping:
(a) It shall be bolted to the bar by means of a bolt passing through
both bar and counterweight.
(b) A bolt shall be put through the extreme end of the bar.
( c) Where the counterweight does not encircle the bar a safety
chain shall be attached to it.
Rule 308. Limit stops and latches.
(a) Limit chains or other equally effective devices shall be provided to prevent the saw from swinging too far in either direction.
(b) A latch may be provided to catch and retain the saw at the
rear of the table.
Rule 30'1. Guarding of saws beneath and behind tables.
Where conditions are such that there is possibility of contact with
the saw plate, the exhaust hood, or ~ard if no exhaust system is
required, shall be so arranged and mamtained as to guard effectively
that portion of the saw which is beneath and behind the saw table.
SECTION 31. BAND SAWS AND. BAND RESAWS
Rule 310. Inclosing saw blades.
AU portions of the saw blade shall be inclosed or guarded except
the working side of the blade below the guide rolls or gauge. Such
guard shall be self-adjusting. Band-saw wheels shall be fully .incased.
16526°-25----3
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6
S.AFETY CODE FOB. WOODWORKING PLANTS
Rule 311. Feed rolls.
·,
Feed rolls shall be protected with a semicylindrical guard to l>re-
vent the hands of the operator from coming in contact with the inrunning rolls at any point. The guard shall be constructed of
heavy material, preferably metal, adjustable to the size of stock
being cut, and firmly secured to the frame of the machine.
SECTION 32. .JOINTERS
Rule 320. Automatic guards.
To afford maximum protection, each hand-feed planer and jointer
with horizontal head should have an automatic guard over the
cutting head.
B.ule 321. Point of operation.
(a) Each hand-feed plainer and jointer with horizontal head shall
be equipped with a cylindrical cutting head, the throat of ~ioh
shall not exceed seven-sixteenths (n) inch in depth nor :five-eighths
( % ) inch in width. It is strongly recommended that no cylinder he
used in which the throat exceeds three-eighths (%) inch in depth 0r
one-half (½) inch in width.
·
(b) Each wood jointer with vertical head shall have either an
exhaust hood or other guard so arranged as to inclose completely
the revolving head, except a slot of such width as may be necessary
and convenient for the application of the material to be jointed.
SECTION 33. TENONING MACHINES
Rule 330. Guarding of cutting heads.
(a) Each tenoning machine shall have all cutting heads, and saws
if used, covered by a metal guard. If such guard is constructed of
sheet metal, the material used shall be not less than one-eighth (¼)
inch (a:pproximately No. 11 gauge) in thickness, while if cast iron
is used 1t shall be not less than three-sixteenths ( -h) inch in thick•
ness.
(b} Where.an exhaust system is used, the hood may form pa.r1; or
all of the guard and shall be constructed of metal of a thickness. not
less than the above.
Rule 331. Feed chains and sprockets.
.! ··:·
(a) Feed chains and sprockets of all double end tenoning ma~
chines shall be completely inclosed, except that portion of chain used
for conveying the stock.
(b) At rear ends of frames over which the feed conveyors run,
sprockets and chains shall be gu~rded at sides hy plates projecting
beyond periphery of sprockets and ends of lugs.
·
·
( c) Where space permits, the rear ~nd of the frame over which
the feed conveyors run should be so extended" that the material as it
leaves the machine will be guided to a point within easy reach of the
pel'.Son " taking away " at the rear of the tenoner.
,
SECl'ION 34, :QORING AND MORTISING MACHINES
Rule 340. Chucks.
Safety bit chucks with no projecting set screws shall be used.
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SAFETY CODE FOB WOODWORKING PLANTS
'l
Rule 341. Counterweights.
If there is a counterweight, one of the following or equivalent
means shall be used to prevent its dropping:
(a) It shall be bolted to the bar by means of a bolt passing
through both bar and counterweight.
(b) A bolt shall be put through the extreme end of the ba.r.
(c} Where the counterweight does not encircle the ba.r a safety
chain shall be attached to it.
Nom.-Counterweights suspended by chain or rope should travel in a pipe or
other suitable inclosure wherever they might fall and cause injury.
Rule 342. Universal joints.
Universal joints on spindles or boring machines shall be inclosed
t.o prevent injury to operator.
Rule 343. Guarding operating treadles.
An iron stirrup shall be fastened to the floor over the treadle, leaving only sufficient room for the operator's foot between treadle and
stirrup.
SECTION 35. WOOD SHAPERS, ETC.
Rule 350. Guarding of cutting heads.
The cutting head of each wood shaper, hand-feed panel raiser, or
other similar ma.chine not automatically fed, shall be inclosed with
a cage or adjustable guard so designed as to keep the operator's
hands away from the cutting edge. In no case shall a warning device of leather or other material attached to the spindle be acceptable. C,.lindrical heads should be .used wherever the nature of the
work will permit. Diameter of circular shaper guards shall be
not less than the greatest diameter of the cutter.
Rule 351. Spindle starting and stopping devices.
All double spindle shapers shall be provided with a spindle starting and stopping device for ea.ch spindle.
SECTION 36. PLANING, MOLDING, STICKING, AND MATCHING
MACHINES, ETC.
Rule 860. Guarding of cutting heads.
(a) Each :planing, molding, sticking, and matching machine shall
have all cuttm~ heads, and saws if used, covered by a metal guard.
If such guard 1s constructed of sheet metal, the material used shall
be not less than one-eighth (¾) inch (approximately No. 11 gauge)
in thickness, while if east iron 1s used 1t shall be not less than threesixteenths ( h) inch in thickness.
· (b} Where an exhaust system is used the hood may form part or
all of the guard and shall be constructed of metal of a thickness not
less than the above.
Rule 861. Feed rolls.
(a) Feed rolls shall be guarded by a strip or bar fastened to the
frame carrying the rolls so. as to remain in adjustment for any- thickness of st~k. Where the oop roll is corrugated the guard shall be
extended over the top of the rolL .
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8
SAFETY CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
( b) Sectional feed rolls should be provided for planers, matchers,<
and molders.
~
:
( c) Where solid feed rolls are used the sectional finger device \
should be used to prevent kick backs.
SECTION 37. PROFILE, SWING-HEAD, AND BACK-KNIFE LATHES
Rule 370. Guarding of cutting heads.
(a) Each profile, swing-head, and back-knife lathe shall have all
cutting heads, if used covered by a metal guard. If such guard
is constructed of sheet metal, the material used shall be not less than
. one-eighth (¼) inch (approximately No. 11 gauge) in thickness,
while if ·cast iron is used it shall be not less. than three-sixteenths
( / 6 ) inch in thickness.
( b) Where an exhaust system is used the hood may form ~art «?r
all of the guard and shall be constructed of metal of a thickness
not less than the above.
SECTION 38. SANDING MACHINES
Rule 380. Feed rolls.
Feed rolls of drum-feed .sanding machines shall be protected with
a semi-cylindrical guard to prevent the hands of the operator from
coming in contact with the in-running rolls at any point. The
guard shall be constructed of hea.vy material, preferably metal, adjustable to the size of stock being finished, and firmly secured to the
frame of the machine.
·
Rule 381. Drum sanding machines.
Each drum sanding machine shall have an exhaust hood or other
guard, if no exhaust system is required, so arranged as .to inclose
the revolving drum, except such portion of the drum above the
table, if table is used, as may be necessary and convenient for the
application of the materia.l to be finished.
Rule 382. Disk sanding machines.
_Each disk sanding machine shall have the exhaust hood or other
guard, if no exhaust system is required, so arranged as to inclose
the revolving disk, except such portion of the disk above the table,
if table is used, as may be necessary for the application ·of the material to be finished.
Rule 383. Belt sanding machines.
Each belt- sanding machine sh~ll h_a-ve both pull~ys 'inclosed in
such a manner as to guard the pomts where the_ belt rlins on to the
pulleys. The edges of the unused run of belt shall be inclosed. ·
NoTE.-For guarding of pulleys see Safety Code for Mechanical Power~~r'ansmission Apparatus.
·
SECTION 39. MISCELLANEOUS MACHINES
Rule 390. Other machines not excluded,
The mention of specific machines under sections -30 to 38, inclusive,
is not intended to exclude other working machines from th1uiequirements that suitable guards and ~aust hoods -must be provided to
reduce to a minimum the hazard due. to the point of, operation· of
such machines.
·
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SAFETY CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
9
PART IV.-VENEER MACHINERY
SECTION 40. STEAMING EQUIPMENT AND SOAKING PITS
Rule 400. Steam vats and soaking pits.
(a) Sides of steam vats shall extend to a height of not less than
thirty-six (36) inches above the floor, working platform, or ground.
( b) Large steam vats divided into sections shall be provided with
substantial walkways between sections, each walkway to be provided
with a standard handrail, removable if necessary.
NOTE.-Provided the size of stock handled will permit. it is advisable to
keep the size of the vat sections in eight (8) feet or less.
( c) Finger guards shall be provided for steaming vats.
( d) In so far as possible vats shall be located in buildings or in
special sheds heated in cold weather to keep the amount of steam
at a.· minimum.
( e) Means shall be provided to ventilate buildings in which
steam vats are located.
NoTE.-High ceilings with roof ventilators or louvers are desirable. Where
ceilings or roofs are low, exhaust fans should be provided.
SECTION 41. LOG-HANDLING EQUIPMENT
Rule 410. Cranes, log trolleys, etc.
(a) All gears, sprockets, and other dangerous parts shall be inclosed with standard guards. ( See Safety Code for Mechanical
Power-Transmission Apparatus.)
NOTE.-The use of log trolleys or cranes is urgently recommended except
where the stock handled is very small.
SECTION 42. SAWS
Rule 420. Drag-saws.
(a) Drag-saws shall be so located as to give at least four (4) feet
clearance for passage when saw is at extreme end of stroke, or if
such clearance is not obtainable the saw and its driving mechanism
shall be provided with a standard inclosure.
SECTION 43. VENEER CUTTERS AND WRINGERS
Rule 430. Veneer slicer and rotary veneer cutters.
Revolving and other moving knives shall be guarded.
Rule 431. Veneer clippers.
(a) Veneer clippers shall have automatic feed or shall be provided
with a guard which will make it impossible to place a finger or
fingers under the knife while feeding stock.
(b) Sprockets on chain or slat belt conveyors shall be inclosed.
NOTE.-lt is recommended that conveyors or traveling tables be installed to
remove material from clippers.
Rule 432. Veneer wringers.
In-running side of veneer wringer shaJl be inclosed, leaving only
sufficient space to insert stock but not enough to permit fingers to
enter the rolls.
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10
SAFETY CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
Rule 433. Operating levers or treadles.
Operating levers or treadles on all veneer machinery shall be
so located or protected that they can not be shifted or tripped acci::
dentally.
1
PART V.-COOPERAGE MACHINERY
SECTION 50. SAWS
Rule 500. Heading bolters.
(a) Each heading bolter shall have the saw inclosed to prevent
accidental contact.
NOTE.-A hood fastened to the back of log carrier is recommended to C9ver
that portion of the saw which can not be inclosed by a stationary housin~
(b) The log carrier shall be provided with an effective de.vice
that will return the carrier automatically to a position in front of
the saw. Such device shall not depend for its proper function.i~g
upon any rope, cord, or s_pring:. If a counterweight 1s used, a. safety
chain should be attached to 1t to prevent dropping should the bar
break or the weight become disengaged. All bolts supporting the .
bar, weight, and chain shall be provided with cotter pins or equally
effective device. A bolt shall be put through extreme end of counterweight bar to prevent dropping of weight. ·
{c) A limit stop shall be provided to prevent the carrier from
swinging too far back and thereby exposing to contact the unguarded position of the saw.
Rule 1501. Swing cut-off saws.
For rules covering this equipment see section 30, rules 304 to
307, inclusive.
Rule 502. Bolt, stave, and heading equalizers.
Each bolt, stave, and heading equalizer shall have the saws incased to prevent accidental contact, except that portion immediately
adjacent to the feeding device.
Rule 503. Barrel-stave saws (cylindrical saws).
Each machine of this type shall have the saw and the revolving
part to which the saw blade is bolted inclosed to prevent accidental
contact, except that part of saw immediately adjacent to the feeding device.
Rule 5.04. Heading saws, variable-feed ripsaws, :flat-stave saws, head
rounders, etc.
·
(a) All machines coming under this rule shall have the saws inclosed t<>__prevent accidental contact.
'(b) Where sprocket feed device is used it shall be inclosed in such
a manner as to prevent the operator's fingers from getting between
the feed sprocket and the stock.
( c) Counterweights used to actuate feed shall operate in a stationary casing.
·
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SAFETY CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
11
SECTION 51. SINGLE AND DOUBLE STAVE PLANERS, SINGLE AND
DOUBLE JIEADING PLANERS
Rule 510. Guarding of cutting heads.
The exhaust hood or other guards, if no exhaust system is required, shall be so arranged and maintained as to guard effectively
all cutting heads and knives of single and double planers.
Rule 511. Point of operation.
(a) Feed rolls, except such portion as may be necessary to admit
stock, shall be completely inclosed.
..
NoTE.-Sectional feed rolls should be provided for heading planers.
( b) "\Vhere solid feed rolls are in use a sectional finger device ( or
an equally effective safeguard) shall be used to prevent kick backs.
SECTION 52. STAVE AND HEADING JOINTERS AND MATCHERS
Rule 520. Guarding.
Each stave or heading jointer ehall have an adjustable or automatic guard to cover all of the head except that portion where the
stock is applied.
Rnle 521. Foot-power machines.
Foot-power machines for jointin~ staves shall be equipped with
a guard which prevents the operator s fingers from coming in contact
with the knife.
SECTION 53. STAVE CROZIERS
Rule 530. Guarding.
The cutting heads shall be incased except that part which actually
embeds itself in the stock.
Rule 531. Feed chains.
The feed chains and sprockets of stave croziers shall be completely
inclosed.
Rule 532. Counterweights.
A safety chain should be attached to counterweight to prevent
dropping should the counterweight bar break or the weight become
disenga~d. All bolts supporting the bar, weight, and chain shall
be provided with cotter pms or other equally effective method of
locking. A bolt shall be put through extreme end of counterweight
rod to prevent dropping of weight.
SECTION 54. BARREL SANDING MACHINES
Rule 540. Sanding belts.
Each belt sanding machine shall have both pulleys inclosed in
such a manner as to guard the points where the belt runs onto the
pulley. The edges_ of the unused run of the belts shall be inclosed.
SECTION 55. POWER WINDLASS FOR BARRELS
Rule 850. Counterweights.
Counterweights shall operate in 'a stationary casing.
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SAFETY CODE FOB WOODWORKING PLANTS
Rule 551. Control levers,
Control levers shall be located within easy reach of the operaffor
when standing in the usual operating position.
SECTION 56. PAIL AND BARREL LATHES
Rule 560. Guards.
The requirements of section 37 for back-knife and profile lathes,
in so far as they are applicable, shall govern the gu'arding of pail
and barrel lathes.
SECTION 57. MISCELLANEOUS COOPERAGE MACHINERY
Rule 570. Other machines not excluded.
The mention of specific machines under sections 50 to 55, inclusive,
is not intended to exclude other working machines from the requirements that safeguards be provided to reduce to a minimum the hazard
due to the point of operation of such machines.
PART VL-OPERATING RULES
SECTION 60.-INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
Rule 600. Inspection.
.
All woodworking machinery should be inspected at intervals not
exceeding 60 days.
Rule 601. :Maintenance.
(a) Dull, badly set, improperly filed, and gummed saws are responsible for a large proportion of circular and band saw accidents. ·
Great care should be taken by those responsible for the condition of
such saws to make sure that they are properly filed, set2 etc.; also
that they are removed as soon as they show indication ot becoming
dull.
(b) .All knives and cutting heads. of woodworking machines
should be kept. sharp, properly adjusted, and firmly secured.
( c) Bearings should be kept free from lost motion and well
lubricated.
·
d) Arbors of all circular saws should be free from play.
e) Guards should be installed wherever possible and their use
en orced. If special operations require the removal of the guard,
it should be immediately replaced upon the completion of the work
which required its removal. No employee should be permitted to
remove a guard or to operate the machine without the guard except
with the consent of the foreman.
l
SE~lON 61. SELECTION ANI) OPERATION OF MACHINES
Rule 610. Selection of suitable machines.
Machines should not be used for operations of such variety as to
necessitate the removal of safeguards suitable for the usual service.
The specific operations involving special hazards should be assigned to machines suitable for such work.
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SAFETY CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
18
R~e 811. Circular rip and cut-o1f saws.
' (a) No foreman or other J?erson in charge should permit a cir-
cular ripsaw to be operated with hood, spreader, or kick-back device
removed? or rendered inoperative, unless the nature of the operation
renders it imJ?ossible of performance· with such devices, or any of
them, in position, in which case same shall be immediately replaced
upon completion of such operation.
(b) All cracked saws should be removed from service.
Rule 812. Band saws and band resaws.
(a) Before starting a band saw the blade should be tested with
fin~ers and proper tension secured.
( b) The back thrust should be adjusted carefully to the normal
position of the saw blade.
( c) To secure satisfactory operation, means should be provided
for preventing the accumulation of dust on the face of band wheels.
(d) Using a small saw for large work or forcing a wide saw to
cut on a small radius is bad practice. The saw blade should in all
cases be as large as the nature of the work will permit.
(e) Saws should not be stopped too quickly nor by thrusting a
piece of wood against the cutting edge of teeth when :r_>ower is off.
(f) Twists or kinks should be promptly removed with a hammer.
(g) To av,oid vibration, brazed joints should not be thicker than
the saw blade.
(h) Each saw should be carefully examined as it is put on or
taken off the band wheel to detect cracks or other defects. Cracked
saws or saws which indicate probability of breakage should be
promptly removed to avoid injury both to saw and to operator.
Rule 613. Lathes.
Particular care should be taken to have all material fastened securely to faceplates or held properly between centers.
SECTION 62. VENEER MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT
Rule 620. Steam vats.
(a) Covers should be removed only from that portion of steaming
vats on which men are working. A portable railing should be
placed at this point to protect the operators.
(b) Workmen should be forbidden to ride or step on logs in steam
vats.
(c) All cranes, log trolleys, and other hoisting equipment used in
the veneer industry should be tested and inspected frequently.
(d) When· attaching dogs to log care should be taken not to place
hand or fingers where they might be caught between log and·d~.
( e) Particular attention should be given to inspection and mamtenance of veneer saws.
(f) Care should· be taken to see that all material is securely
fastened to the saw table.
·
(g) Whenever veneer slicers or rotary veneer cutters have been
shut down for the purpose of inserting log or to make adjustments
operators should make sure that macliine is clear and other workmen are not in a hazardous position before starting the machine.
· ( h).' Operators ·should be forbidden to ride the carriage of a
·yeneer slicer.
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14
SAFETY CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
SECTION 63. CLOTHING AND GOGGLES WORN BY OPERATORS
Rule 630. Clothing.
(a) Gloves should not be worn while operating machines.
( b) Loose flowing garments, sleeves, neckties, etc., offer. a decided
accident hazard and should not be worn by operators of machines.
Rule 631. Goggles.
Where danger from dust, flying chips, etc., exist, proper eye protection should be provided. (See National Safety Code for the
Protection of the Heads and Eyes of Industrial Workers.)
PART VII.-EXPLANATORY MATTER
SECTION 70
Rule 700; Location of machinery.
By locating heavy-duty machinery on the ground floor, most of
the vibration due to high operating speed can be eliminated.
Rule 701. :Machine foundations.
Undue vibration and noise caused by high-speed machinery may
be eliminated to a large extent by cushioning the machine foundation. This can be done by inserting rubber, felt, cork, or other
elastic material between the machine base and the floor beams or
girders to which the machine is fastened. It must be borne in mind,
however, that the bolts that hold the machine to the foundation
must not pass through or touch the girders or floor beams of building. The cushioning material must be fastened to the floor beams
or girders by bolts that are independent of the machine base.
Rule 702. Motor drive.
The initial expense of individual motor drive is frequently higher
than that of other power~transmission equipment such as line shafting, etc., but has a great many advantages. It offers a better control
of the individual machine. It also eliminates overhead shafting and
belting, thereby improving lighting and general appearance of shop.
Then, too, it eliminates injuries due to oiling and maintenance of
overhead transmission equipment.
Rule 703. Lighting.
Proper lighting is of vital importance. It is a widespread belief
among men experienced in accident prevention work that 25 per
cent of all avoidable accidents in the country are due to improper
lighting. Too much is often as bad as insufficient illumination. The
Lighting Code gives values of intensities. It is also important that
proper attention is given to the maintenance of all lighting equipment, i. e., cleaning and adjustment of reflectors. Dust accumulated
on the lamp bulbs quickly cuts down the intensity of the light.
Makeshift reflectors or those whose adjustment has been impaired
have a tendency to spoil the efficiency of any carefully worked out
lighting system.
·
Rule 704. Selection of suitable machines.
Under rule 610 of this code the statement is made that machines
should not be used for operations of such variety as to necessitate the
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SAFETY CODE FOR WOODWORKING PLANTS
15
removal of safeguards suitable for the usual service. It is well to
plan or route the work in such a way as to avoid too frequent adjustment of machines and altering of position of guards. The proper
1.·egard for this rule will increase production by reducing the time
lost due to making adjustments, and will also reduce accidents by
insuring continued use of safeguards suitable to the work.
Rule 705. Saw speeds.
The speeds for circular saws shown in Part II, under section 20,
rule 202, were obtained by dividing 36,000 by the diameter of the
saw e~ressed in inches. The figure obtained in this manner gives the
recommenqed speed for softwoods. The maximum speed is 20 per
cent higher than the recommended speed. Speeds of saws not given
in this table may be obtained in this manner.
If the maximum speed only is required, it can be obtained by
dividing 43,200 by the diameter of the saw.
The recommended speeds are based on a peripheral velocity of
9,325 feet per minute, which is approximately correct for softwoods,
but may be reduced as much as 20 to 25 per cent for hardwoods.
The most effective speed for any particular saw also depends, to
some extent, upon the weight of the frame and the size of the bearings upon which it is mounted. Construction of inadequate weight
and rigidity may necessitate operation at speed lower than that recommended in the table of rule 202 for satisfactory operation.
Rule 706. Care of machines and tools.
Dull and improperly set tools are the direct cause of many accidents which are attributed to carelessness of operator or lack of
proper guards.
Rule 707. Cracked saws.
The practice of drilling the end of a crack in a saw to prevent
further cracking should not be permitted, as the use of such a saw is
extremely dangerous. Cracked saws should not be used.
Rule 708. Wabble saws.
In some plants it is customary to rig up a circular saw by inserting wedges between the saw disk and the collar to form what is commonly known as a wabble saw. This saw is used for the work ordinarily performed by a dado saw. This practice is dangerous and
should not be permitted.
..
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INDEX
SeoPart tion
Accidents, prevention of. •••••
Adjustments:
i:~iiers.iii-..rotarycntters.·······---···· ··Advisory requirements_······Aisles, width of..···-·········
Application of code---·········
Arbors, circular saws_·-·······
Automatic feeding devices•••••
Automatic =ds, jolnters ••••
Back-knife athes•••.••••••••••
Band saws ••••••••••• ---·····Accidents, prevention of. _
Care of, discusslon of rules_
Speed, rules concernlng_. _
Band resawa..•........... ~.-Care of, <lisoussionofrules_
Barrel lathes •••••••••••••• ·--Barrel sanding machines ••• _._
Barrel-stavesaws (eyllndrical)_
Bearings,, maintenance of••••• _.
Belt, sandlng machines••••••••
Belts, sanding•••••••••••••••••
Bolt equalizers
••
Boring machines ••••••••••••••
Brazed joints, thickness of__ •• _
c~~~~~~.~o:.t~~.
Circular saws••••••...... ·-··-
Accldepts, prevention oL.
Arbors •••••••••••••••••.. _
ir:•
6
60
601 (a)
7
70
704
6
62
2
11
620 (d)
20
112
11
601 (d)
201
··-r
··-r
2
3
3
3
6
6
2
3
6
5
5
5
l
60
20
32
37
31
60
61
20
31
61
56
54
50
320
·ooicii5
612
202 (b)
.....6i2
-------....
·ooa
6
60
3
5
5
3
6
38
54
50
600 (c)
383
540
502
61
..6i2{g)
3
3
34
340
6
6
60
2
3
20
30
·oooiii
~f~
34
30
60
table·-············
300
C
osscut saws___ ·····Clrcular resaws:
3
30
Guards for.······-········
30 ~~~
c1r!Y~J~ws:·············· 3
C1'8C'ked saws ••••••••••••• 6
111
6llm
Gtlllrds for •••••••••••••••• 3
a
30 301
Operation of ••••••••••••••
6
61 6ll a
431
43
Clip~, veneer____ ••••••••••• 4
Clot ing, operators':
63 630
Gloves ••·-···-············ 6
Loose garments •••••••••••
6
63 630(b
Codes, references to •••••: •••••
1
13
Control leTers-•••••••••••••••. -·T . 65
551
Cooperage machinery ••••••••• Ii
Counterweights, rates concernIng:
Boring and mortising machines••••••••••••••••••• 3
34
341
Heading saws, etc.... ••••••• 6
liO 6M (c)
Power windlass for barrels. Ii
56
550
5
/i.1
532
Stave croziers_-········-·Swing cut-off saws ••••••••
3
30
305
Cracked saws:
Drilling and use of•••••••• 7
707
70
Removal of•••••••••••••••
611 ~b~
6
61 { 612
II
Cranes:
Log•handllng equipment ••
4
41
410
6
62 620 (c)
Veneer Industry··-------··
Cross-euttablesaws,guards for.
30
300
3
Croziers, stave •••••••••••••••• 6
53
Cut-off saws •••••••••••••••••• 6
61
611
Cutting heads, gnardlng of:
Back•knlfe, firofile and
swing•head athes •••••••
3
37
370
Molding, planing ma•
chines, etc •••••••••••••• 3
36
360
Single and double planeni.
5
61
610
Stan croziers ••••••••••••• 6
63
630
Tenoning machines ••••••• 3
33
330
Dad088WS ••••..•••••••••••••
7
70B
70
(a{
------ --------
16
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SeoPart tton
Rule
-----
DeftnitlonA •••••••••••••••••
Devices:
Automatic feeding ••••••••
2
3
Kick-back •• -·--·········3
Sectional finger_·······-·; { 5
5
Sprocket teed---------·-·Starting and stopping_ ••••
2
Spindle •••·••• ----····· 3
Disk sanding machlnes-••••••• 3
Drag-ilaws ••••••••••••• -·····- 4
Drnm sanding macblnes. _____
3
Emergenc7c;sto~. (&,Safety
Code or
echanlcal
Power-Transmlsslon Apparatus,)
Equalizers, bolt, head and
stave••••••••••••••••••••••••
6
Equipment ••••••••••••••••• -2
4
Log•handllng •••• ••••••• -·
Steaming, veneer machlnery ••.••••••••••••••
4
Veneer machines ••••••••••
6
Exceptions to rules•••••••••••• ............
E:xhaust=m:
Back•
e, profile, and
swing•head machines••• 3
Moldfng, planing ma•
chlnea, etc ••••••••••••••
3
Tenoning machines ••••••• 3
Explanatory matter•••••••••••
7
Feed chains, guards for:
Stave croziers •••••••••••••
Ii
Tenoning machines- ••••••
3
Feed rolls, rules concerning:
Band saws and band r&saws .................... 3
Circular and other saws.•••
3
Dmm sanding machines ••
3
Molding, planing machines, etc....••••••••••••
3
Single and double planers.
5
Flat-stave saws •••••••••••••••
6
Floors:
RepairoL1
Nonslip-••••••••••••••••••
1
Foot-power machines •••••••••
6
4
Gears,(=ofrarety·Codefor·
Mechanfcal Power-Transmission Apparatus.)
Goggl~ye protection_ ••••••
6
( alao National Safety
Code for the Protection of
the Heads and Eyes of Industrial Workers.)
Guarding of:
Cutting headsBack•knlfe, profile
and swlng•head
lathes •••••••••••••••
3
Planllli machines, etc.
3
Single and double
planers_ ••••••••••••
6
Stave croziers •••••••••
6
Tenoning machines ••• 3
Wood shapers_ •••••••• 3
Saws beneath and behind
tables •••••••••••••••••••
3
Stave or heading Jolnters ••
6
Guards:
Antomatlc ••••••••••••••••
3
Barrel and pail lathes •••••
6
Installation and removal
6
of-···--·······--·---·
,RuLI
2 ··-----201
20
30
36 361 C
30 b
51 511
50
20
35
38
42
38
50
TI
504 b
200
d)
351
, 382
'· 420
\381
502
-··ff -------40
62
l
······ii
37
370 (b)
36
33
=m
53
33
531
331
31
30
3ll
38
303
380
36
51
361
5ll
6M
------ -----·--
60
11
11
62
no
111
621
{l
410 (a)
.03
631
37
36
370
360 (a)
61
53
610
33
36
630
330
360
62
30
307
620
32
116
320
660
GO
C!Ol(e)
17
INDEX
SecPart tion
I
SecPart tion
Rule
R-and-feed panel raiser ________
Ji'l:and-feed
planer:
' E=ment
_______________
G
for _________________
3
35
350
Head rounders ________________
3
3
321 (a)
320
5
5
32
32
50
Heading halters -- _____________
Heading ~ualizers ____________
Heading Jomters ______________
Heading planers, single and
double ____________ --- --- -- -Heading saws _________________
Inspection:
Cranes, log trolleys, etc.,
veneer machines ________
Veneer saws_______________
Woodworking machinery_
Instnllations, new and old ____
1olnt.s:
Brazed, thickness of_______
'U nlnrsal, boring ma1oin'tie:!~~~:::::::::::::::::::
?Equipment _______ ------- -
i 0 °iJ~ontal head _______
Vertical head _________
Heading and stave ________
Kick-back device ______________
Latches, circular saws _________
Lathes:
Be.ck-knife,
profile and
swing head ______________
Barrel and pail ____________
Layout of machines ___________
Levers, operating. ____________
Ligbtic8u-a1a,ii.."igiit1ngC0<1eS
Limg;~fa'; and other saws___
Log carrier ________ • _______
Location or machinery _______
Log carrier, equipment ________
Log trolleys ___________________
Log-handling equipment ______
Machine drive ________________
Machine foundations __________
Machine layout _______________
Machines _____________________
Care of____________________
Selection
and operation of.
Machinery
____________________
Cooperage_________________
Location of________________
Veneer ___________ ------ -- Maintenance of tools __________
Veneer saws_______________
Mandatory
requirements ______
Matchers______________________
Matching machines ___________
Maximum speeds:
How calculated ___________
Table, circular saws. ______
Molding machines ____________
Mortising machines ___________
Motor drive, advantages of.. __
Miscellaneous
machines:
Cooperage ________________
Woodworking machinery_
Operating rules __________ - --__ Operating treadles:
Boring
mortising machinesand
___________________
Veneer machinery_________
Operation of machines_________
Operator's clothing____________
Pall lathes __ -----------------Planers, single and double _____
Planing machines _____________
Plant la}'l)ut __________________
Point
of operation:
De11ned
___________________
1olnters ___________________
Single and double planers__
Power control, provision for ____
Power windlass for barrels _____
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
50
504
500
502
5
5
50
52
5
5
51
50
--------------501
6
6
6
62
62
60
1
620 (c)
620 (e)
600
12
6
61
612 (g)
3
3
3
34
32
32
-a:ii<iii
3
3
5
3
3
32
32
52
30
30
·-aoicci
306 (b)
3
5
1
4
7
37
56
---------------
3
5
7
5
4
4
2
7
1
2
7
6
1
5
7
4
6
6
----5
3
7
2
3
3
7
5
3
6
3
4
6
6
5
5
3
1
10
43
70
2
Ii
320
321 (b)
100
433
703
30
306 (a)
500 (c)
700
500 {b)
410
41
20
70
-----200
50
70
50
41
10
701
100
------------70
706
61 -------10 -------------------70
700
---iiii- -------601
62
2
52
36
70
20
36
620 (f)
20
---------------
705
202 (a)
70
--------------702
57
39
570
300
34
343
433
34
------ -------43
61
63
-------630
--------------------------- -------56
51
36
2
3
5
342
32
51
20
lili
21
321
511
200 (c)
.................
Profile lathes __________________
3
Pulleys:
3
Sandlngmachlne.~--------Belt_________ ---------5
( See al&o Safety Code for
M echanlcal Power-Transmission Apparatus.)
Push block, defined ___________ ----Push stick, defined ____________
Recommended speeds:
How calculated ___________ • 7
Table, circular saws _______
2
References to other codes ______
Resaws:
3
Band
______________________
-----------------Circular
3
Rule
---
i
37
--------
38
383
54
540
2
2
23
70
20
1
705
202 (a)
13
31
30
--------302
22
Ripsaws·
Circular and self-feed ______
3
30 301 (a)
Variable-feed______________
5
50
504
Rotary veneer cutters ________
4
43
430
Rules for operation ____________
6
Safeguards, adjustment and
removal of __________________
7
70
704
Sanding belts _________________
5
54
540
Sanding machines _____________
3
38
Barrel _____________________
5
54
Belt_______________________
3
38 -----383
Disk ______________________
3
38
382
Dmm _____________________
381
Saws __________________________ 4, 35 42, 38
50
Band _____________________
3
31
-----500
Barrel-stave _______________
5
50
Circular___________________
3
30 -------Dado .• ______ -- ---------- - 7
70
708
Flat-stave _______________ ._
5
50
504
Head rounders ____________
5
50
504
Heading __________________
5
50
504
Rip, variable-feed _________
5
50
504
30 304,305
Swing cut-off______________ { 3
5
50
501
Wabble ___________________
7
70
708
Saw blades, guMds for ________
313
310
Saw speeds ____________________
7
70
705
Scope of code __________________
1
10
Sectional feed rolls ____________
3
36 361 (b)
Selection of machines __________
6
61
610
Self-feed ripsaw _______________
3
30 301 (a)
Slicer, veneer
____ ------------4
43
430
Soaking
pits __________________
4
40
400
Solid feed rolls .. _____________ .
3
36 361 (c)
Speeds:
Band saws ________________
2
20 202 (b)
Circular saws _____________
2
20 202 (a)
How calculated. __________
7
70
705
Spreader ______________________
3
30 { 301 (b)
------ ----------------------
Sprockets:
Guards for ________________
( Su also Safety Code for
Mechanical Power-Transmission A:i,paratus.)
Stave croziers _____________
TenonInf; machines _______
Veneer c ippers ___________
Sprocket feed device __________
Starting and stopping devices:
General rules. (See Safety Code for Mechanical
Power-Transmission
Apparatus.)
Spindle
___________________
Stave croziers_---------------Stave
equalizers _______________
Stave jomters _________________
Stave planers, single and
double.----------"- _________
Steam
vats:
Equipment
_______________
Operating rules ___________
Sticking machines. ____________
Swing
cut-off saws, equipment ________________________
Swing-head lathes _____________
Tenoning machines ___________
Tools, maintenance of.._: _____
302 (b)
4
41
410 (a)
5
3
4
5
53
a3
43
50
531
331
431
504 b)
3
35
53
50
-----002
5
6
5
52
5
51
4
40
62
36
6
3
3
30
37
3
33
3
6, 7 60, 70
t)
351
--------------400
620
-------304--307
--------
-ooi:100
18
INDEX
SeoPart tion
Treadles, operating:
Boring and mortising ma-
chines.. •••••••••••••••• __
Veneer machinery------- -Universal joints, boring machines••·-··-············-·-Variable-feed ripsaws ••••••• -Veneer cllppers-·····-·····-·Veneer cutters, rotery.·----·-Veneer machines, equipment._
Veneer machinery•• ,.-··---··Veneer Bt\WS. Inspection t\lld
malntent\llce ••••••••• _______
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3
4
34
3
34
6
4
4
6
4
6
43
ro
43
43
SecPart tion
Rule
342
604
431
430
Veneer slicers:
Adjustments••••••••••••••
Carriages of•••••• _•••• _. __
Guards for.·-····-······-·
Veneer
Vibration,
tion of... ___
Wabhle llt\WB••••. --·-·-·-----Wood jolntera, vertical head __
Woodworking machinery._ ...
620 (e)
Wood shapers._. _______ --·-·-.
Wringers, veneer______________
343
433
------ -·-·----------62
62
0
wn:H:Tua-···-·-··-·-
==°.!:i:·a,ioois::::::
6
6
4
4
7
7
3
3
6
6
3
4
R~
~
62
62
43
43
620~
620 )
70
70
700,701
708
321 (b)
32
430
432
------------60
600
60 601 (b)
35 ---·---43
432
@FedFRASER