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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR FRANCES PERKINS, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS ISADOR LUBIN, Commissioner BU LLETIN O F TH E U N ITED ST A TE S \ B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S / No. 610 E M P L O Y M E N T A N D U N E M P L O Y M E N T S E R IE S REVISED INDEXES OF FACTORY EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS 1919 TO 1933 By LEW IS E. T A L B E R T and ALICE OLENIN of the B ureau o f L abor S tatistics UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1935 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C, Price 10 cents Letter of Transmittal U n it e d S t a t e s D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r , B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s , Washington, October 8, 1984• I have the honor to transmit herewith a report giving the revised index numbers of factory employment and pay rolls, as compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The report presents such index numbers in detail, by months, from January 1919 to December 1933, inclusive, based on the 3-year average 1923-25 as 100 and adjusted to conform with the changes shown in the yearly averages of each of the manufacturing industries surveyed, the several groups of manufacturing industries, and all manufacturing industries combined, as published in the biennial Census of Manu factures reports from 1919 to 1931. This series of index numbers supersedes the series formerly published monthly by the Bureau. The estimated number of factory wage earners and their weekly earnings are also presented. The revision of the Bureau's index numbers of employment and pay rolls was made largely as a result of the recommendations of the ad visory committee appointed at your request by the American Statis tical Association. The committee consists of Bryce M. Stewart, director of research, Industrial Relations Counselors, chairman; Ewan Clague, director of research, Community Council of Philadelphia, secretary; Morris A. Copeland, executive secretary, Central Statisti cal Board; J. Frederic Dewhurst, Twentieth Century Fund; Mere dith B. Givens, Social Science Research Council; Ralph G. Hurlin, director of statistical research, Russell Sage Foundation; Aryness Joy, office of the economic adviser to the National Emergency Council; Murray W. Latimer, Railroad Pensions Board; Howard B. Myers, Federal Emergency Relief Administration; and Sidney W. Wilcox, formerly chief statistician, New York State Department of Labor and now chief statistician of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. The entire membership of the committee took an active and helpful interest in the work of revision, and the assistance of Miss Aryness Joy is particularly appreciated. The adjustment of the index numbers to census figures, as made in this report, did not include the year 1933, as the results of the 1933 Census of Manufactures are not yet available. It is the intention of the Bureau to publish a supplement to this bulletin, bringing the adjusted figures down to 1933. This report was prepared by Lewis E. Talbert, chief of the division of employment statistics, and Miss Alice Olenin, of the same division, under the general direction of Sidney W. Wilcox, chief statistician of the Bureau. H. O. Rogers assisted in preparing the manuscript for the printer. I sa d o r L u b in , Commissioner. Hon. F r a n c e s P e r k in s , Secretary of Labor. M adam S ecr eta r y : m Contents Chapter 1.—background of factory employment and pay-roll indexes. _ Outline of development_________________________________________ Sources of original material______________________________________ Industries covered______________________________________________ Coverage and distribution by States_____________________________ Chapter 2.— Method of constructing factory employment and pay-roll indexes__________________________________________________________ Link relatives employed_________________________________________ Collection and tabulation of data________________________________ Computing indexes_____________________________________________ Industry weight factors_________________________________________ Indexes not adjusted for seasonal variation_______________________ Chapter 3.—Revision to conform with census trend___________________ Pioneer work of Federal Reserve Board__________________________ Extent of discrepancy___________________________________________ Method of revision______________________________________________ Revision of group indexes_______________________________________ Revision of composite index______________ I______________________ Chapter 4.—Results of revision_____________________________________ Estimates of total employment and pay rolls now feasible_________ Shift of base period_____________________________________________ Technical difficulties encountered________________________________ Appendixes Appendix A.—Industries surveyed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and date when monthly survey began__________________________________ Appendix B.—Adjustment of index numbers of employment and pay rolls for specified industries and groups, 1919 to 1922____________________ Charts F igure 1. Comparison of former index of employment in manufacturing industries with new series adjusted to conform with census trend_____ F igure 2. Comparison of former index of pay rolls in manufacturing in dustries with new series adjusted to conform with census trend_______ F igure 3. Trend of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing indus tries, 1919-1933___________________________________________________ T ables T able 1.—Percentage of estimated total number of wage earners in each industry, industry group, and total manufacturing covered in Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of factory employment for December 1933-_ T able 2.—Bureau of Labor Statistics distribution of wage earners by States for December 1933 compared with census distribution by States for 1931; also percentage of Bureau of Labor Statistics “ sample’7 by States for December 1933 compared with census totals for 1931_____ T able 3.—Weight factors used in revised indexes of factory employment and pay rolls (average number of employees and average weekly pay rolls 1923-25)____________________________________________________ T able 4.—Adjustment of indexes of employment in the blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills industry to trend shown by Census of Manufactures____________________________________________________ T able 5.—Original and revised series of index numbers for the blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills industry, 1926 and 1927______ T able 6.—General indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufac turing industries, by months, January 1919 to December 1933 (3-year average 1923-25=100)_____ *______________________________________ T able 7.—Estimated number employed and weekly pay rolls in all manu facturing industries, by months, January 1919 to December 1933_____ T able 8.—Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing in dustries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to Decem ber 1933 (3-year average 1923-25 = 100)____________________________ T able 9.—Estimated number of wage earners and weekly pay rolls in industry groups—yearly averages 1919 to 1933, and months January 1929 to December 1933____________________________________________ IV 1 2 2 3 5 7 7 7 8 8 10 11 11 12 13 15 18 20 22 24 24 97 99 12 13 21 4 6 9 14 15 22 23 27 90 BULLETIN OF THE U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS No. 610 WASHINGTON Fe b r u a r y , 1935 REVISED INDEXES OF FACTORY EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS, 1919 TO 1933 Chapter 1.—Background of Factory Employment and PayRoll Indexes In response to the demand for reliable information showing current fluctuations in the volume of employment, the Bureau of Labor Statistics has been collecting statistics of employment and pay rolls from representative manufacturing establishments since October 1915. Beginning with January 1916, the information has been published each month in the Monthly Labor Review, but to avoid delays incident to printing, the figures are first issued in the form of mimeo graphed press releases. In recent years this information has been presented in a pamphlet entitled “ Trend of Employment/’ which is available about 2 months prior to the publication of the data in the Monthly Labor Review. It is, of course, impracticable for the Bureau to attempt to cover all of the many thousand manufacturing establishments in the country in these monthly surveys. The cost of a complete canvass would be prohibitive, and compilation of such voluminous information would greatly delay the publication of the final figures. In consequence, the Bureau has relied on a sampling method and canvasses only a selected list of establishments which is believed to be typical of the industry as a whole. The results of these sample canvasses are pub lished in the form of index numbers for industries and groups and total manufactures and as aggregates for groups and total manufac tures. Additional data concerning average weekly earnings, average hourly earnings, hours worked per week, and wage changes are also compiled. The Bureau’s indexes of factory employment and pay rolls have proved reasonably accurate indicators of the labor market over a limited period of time. Not only have they reflected changes in fac tory employment, but they have likewise been important indicators of the course of manufacturing and valuable guides to the flow of purchasing power into the hands of the wage earners of the country. Moreover, while not showing directly the volume of unemployment, the series has been of help in measuring the relative intensity of un employment during periods of business depression. 1 2 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS Outline of Development As first compiled, the monthly employment index was based on only four industries. By the end of 1916 the Bureau had succeeded in obtaining reports for 9 additional manufacturing industries. Re turns from these 13 industries formed the basis of the index of factory employment from 1916 to 1922. The collapse of the post-war boom late in 1920 and the acute depres sion that followed emphasized the need for more comprehensive infor mation on the trend of employment. As a result the coverage of the Bureau’s monthly employment survey of manufacturing industries was again broadened in 1922 and extensive additions were made. In July of that year, 29 manufacturing industries were added to the sur vey and later 12 more were included. These additions brought the total number of industries surveyed to 54, a group that employed approximately 83 percent of the workers in all manufacturing indus tries of the country in 1925. The establishments surveyed monthly employed approximately 50 percent of this 83 percent of all factory workers. Further improvements in the indexes of factory employment and pay rolls were effected in 1931. Important changes had taken place in manufacturing during the post-war decade. Industries such as rayon and radio manufacturing, which were of little significance at the beginning of the period, had grown enormously and were conse quently added (see Appendix A, p. 97) to the list. Other industries (pianos and organs, and carriages and wagons) had dwindled to incon sequential proportions during the interval and were dropped. In addi tion, the industry groups into which the 54 manufacturing industries surveyed had been classified were imperfectly balanced. Some of the Bureau’s groups represented all of the separate industries included in the corresponding census group, while in other groups there were im portant omissions. *These obvious shortcomings were corrected by the addition of 36 industries and a reclassification of the Bureau’s industry groups. The 90 industries at present covered in the monthly surveys appear to be sufficiently representative for gaging the trend of employment for manufacturing as a whole. Sources of Original Material In compiling the indexes of factory employment and pay rolls the Bureau of Labor Statistics makes a direct canvass of manufacturing establishments except where data are collected by State agencies, in which case the Bureau makes use of the statistics collected by these various cooperating agencies. In October 1915, when the Bureau first undertook the work, only three States—Massachusetts, New York, and New Jersey—were collecting satisfactory employment data. Although these three were important manufacturing States, the infor mation failed to give an accurate cross section of manufacturing for the country as a whole, because of the high degree of industrial spe cialization in these States. This was especially true of Massachu setts, where manufacturing was restricted principally to the textile and boot and shoe industries. Manufacturing in New York and New Jersey is more diversified, with the machinery and metal-working industries fairly well represented, but to some extent the statistics CHAP. 1.— BACKGROUND 3 for these States are disproportionately weighted by specialization in particular branches of manufacturing. There was likewise the highly important factor of geographical variations within the same industry that had to be considered before an index typical of total manufacturing could be constructed. Consequently, from the begin ning the Bureau was forced to rely on direct canvasses for a large part of its information. In subsequent years other States have made provision for collecting employment statistics, the majority of them in cooperation with the Bureau. In 1915 the Wisconsin Industrial Commission began to col lect employment data and similar work was undertaken by several other States during the post-war business depression of 1921. Among the important States entering the field during this period were Illinois and Connecticut.1 Interest in employment languished from 1923 to 1929, and during this interval little was done by other States toward developing reliable employment statistics. Within the past 5 years, however, with the country in the grip of acute depression, the chal lenge of unemployment has revived interest, and agencies in a number of additional States have begun the collection of employment statis tics. At present data are being gathered in the following States: Arkansas.2 California.2 Illinois.2 Iowa. Kansas.2 Maryland.2 Massachusetts.2 Michigan.2 Minnesota. New Jersey.2 New York.2 Ohio. Oklahoma. Oregon. Pennsylvania.2 Rhode Island. Texas.2 Virginia. Wisconsin.2 There is still a large number of States which have yet to provide for the collection of employment data. Nearly 60 percent of the total number of wage earners employed m manufacturing in 1931 were in the States now collecting information in cooperation with the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. Industries Covered To illustrate the typical industrial make-up of the Bureau's current index of factory employment, table 1 has been prepared. The figures given in the table show the percentage the “sample" is of the esti mated total; that is, the actual number of wage earners reported to the Bureau in its survey for December 1933 compared with the esti mated total number of wage earners employed in each industry and industry group and in total manufacturing in the same month. 1 Berridge, William A. What the Present Statistics of Employment Show. New York, 1923, ch. IV, p. 51: “ Business cycles and unemployment.” 2 Cooperating with the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. 4 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS T a b l e 1.— Percentage of estimated total number of wage earners in each industry , industry group , and total manufacturing covered in Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of factory employment for December 1933 Industry- Per cent Industry Per cent 50 Stone, clay, and glass products—Contd. T otal M anufacturing ___________ Glass_____________________________ Iron and steel and their products, not in Marble, granite, slate, and other prod 80 cluding machinery___________________ 70 ucts_____________________________ 36 Blast furnaces, steel works, and rol Pottery___________________________ 69 89 Textiles and their products-------------------ling mills________________________ 50 Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets______ 86 Fabrics___________________________ 60 64 Cast-iron pipe______________________ Carpets and rugs_______________ 72 Cutlery (not including silver and Cotton goods___________________ 72 plated cutlery) and edge tools______ 88 Cotton small wares_____________ 82 65 Forgings, iron and steel_____________ Dyeing and finishing textiles____ 58 85 Hardware_________________________ Hats, fur-felt___________________ 45 48 Plumbers’ supplies_________________ Knit goods_____________________ 57 Steam and hot-water heating appara Silk and rayon goods___________ 53 tus and steam fittings_____________ Woolen and worsted goods______ 46 Stoves____________________________ Wearing apparel___________________ 31 Structural and ornamental metal work. 62 Clothing, men’s________________ 43 40 Tin cans and other tinware_________ Clothing, women’s_____________ 21 Tools (not including edge tools, ma Corsets and allied garments_____ 38 chine tools, files, and saws)_________ 81 Men’s furnishings______________ 37 36 Wirewoik_________________________ Millinery______________________ 34 Machinery, not including transportation Shirts and collars_______________ 28 54 Leather and its manufactures___________ equipment__________________________ 49 61 Agricultural implements____________ Boots and shoes____________________ 58 Cash registers, adding machines, and Leather___________________________ 63 calculating machines______________ 0) Food and kindred products_____________ 43 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and Baking____________________________ 38 79 supplies--------------------------------------Beverages_________________________ 59 Engines, turbines, tractors, and water Butter____________________________ 28 71 wheels___________________________ Canning and preserving____________ 76 Foundry and machine-shop products.. 45 Confectionery_____________________ 70 Machine tools______________________ 0) Flour_____________________________ 68 56 Radios and phonographs____________ Ice cream_________________________ 60 56 Textile machinery and parts________ Slaughtering and meat packing______ 83 Typewriters and supplies___________ 0 ) Sugar, beet________________________ 77 Transportation equipment______________ Sugar refining, cane________________ 73 76 Aircraft___________________________ manufactures_________________ 62 Automobiles_______________________ 81 Tobacco Chewing and smoking tobacco and Cars, electric- and steam-railroad____ 49 snuff____________________________ 81 65 Locomotives_______________________ Cigars and cigarettes_______________ 59 84 Shipbuilding_______________________ 35 Paper and printing-------------------------------Railroad repair shops___________________ 46 85 Electric railroads___________________ Boxes, paper_______________________ 54 30 Steam railroads____________________ Paper and pulp____________________ 85 51 Nonferrous metals and their products-----Printing and publishing— 30 Aluminum manufactures___________ Book and job___________________ 40 82 Brass, bronze, and copper products— Newspapers and periodicals______ 47 Clocks and watches and time-record Chemicals and petroleum products 2_____ 50 68 ing devices_______________________ Other than petroleum refining______42 50 Jewelry___________________________ Chemicals____________________ 47 26 Lighting equipment------------------------Cottonseed oil, cake, and meal. ... 34 78 Silverware and plated ware_________ Druggists’ preparations_________ 87 Smelting and refining—copper, lead, Explosives_____________________ 83 63 and zinc_________________________ Fertilizers______________________ 50 Stamped and enameled ware________ Paints and varnishes____________ 71 32 Lumber and allied products_____________ Rayon and allied products______ 66 44 Furniture___________________ ______ Soap__________________________ Lumber: Petroleum refining________________ _ (0 85 53 Mill work. ______________________ 83 48 Rubber products______________________ Sawmills___________________ .... Rubber boots and shoes_____________ 93 5 Turpentine and rosin_______________ Rubber goods, other than boots, shoes, 57 Stone, clay, and glass products__________ tires, and inner tubes______________ 65 57 Brick, tile, and terra cotta___________ Rubber tires and inner tubes_________ 80 100 Cement___________________________ 1 Due to overlapping of products manufactured in certain establishments, and the inclusion of all wage earners in an establishment under one industry classification, the Bureau’s survey shows a coverage in excess of 100 percent, when compared with estimated total employment in the industry, based on a more refined census industry total. 2 This group is a combination of chemicals and allied products, and products of petroleum and coal except manufactured gas. 0) From table 1 it will be seen that a wide range of coverage has been established. The high percentage of coverage shown for some industries is due chiefly to technical difficulties encountered in classi fying some of the reporting establishments. A number of reporting CHAP. 1.— BACKGROUND 5 companies manufacture a variety of products, and the classification of these establishments according to the principal products manufac tured results in the inclusion of employees who are not directly engaged in the manufacture of products under the industry as classi fied by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The Bureau of the Census, in its more detailed reports, secures a separation of such employees where possible and presents the data under a more precise classifica tion. This difference in classification of employees results in a cover age in excess of 100 percent in certain industries in the Bureau’s tabulations.3 Since the principal products of the establishments reporting in these industries is the basis of the Bureau’s classification, and as it is not feasible for the reporting companies to make a detailed break-down each month, the employees engaged in the manufacture of allied prod ucts are necessarily included with those employed in the manufacture of the major product of the reporting company. This tends to distort the index for a few individual industries, but has little significant influence on the group and composite indexes. In contrast, there are several industries which are insufficiently covered. This is notably true of the turpentine and rosin industry. Due to difficulties encountered in contacting companies manufac turing these commodities, the Bureau’s sample for December 1933 included only 5 percent of the total number of wage earners employed in the industry. Less conspicuous but serious weaknesses are apparent in several other industries, especially in those which are comprised chiefly of small and widely scattered producing units. These deficiencies are expected to be corrected shortly by the addition of other firms to the list of reporting companies. Coverage and Distribution by States Although planned with primary reference to industries, the geo graphical composition of the Bureau of Labor Statistics index of factory employment is reasonably representative. The distribution of wage earners and the approximate coverage of the Bureau’s sample, by States, in a typical survey is indicated in table 2. Analysis reveals a wide range; for example, 11 States show 60 percent or over of the total number of wage earners in these States, as indicated by census figures for 1931, covered in the Bureau survey in December 1933. In North Carolina the survey covered 74 percent of all factory wage earners; in Kansas, 72 percent; and in Connecticut, 71 percent. In Nevada, however, only 16 percent were covered and in Mississippi, 22 percent. The comparison of the Census of Manufactures State averages for 1931 and the Bureau’s sample by States for the single month of December 1933 may show a disproportionate percent of coverage in certain instances, because of seasonal changes which would affect any comparison of average wage earners for an entire year with employment in the month of December. However, State figures were not available in the Bureau in 1931, the latest year for which census data were available, and the December 1933 sample 3 The Bureau’s sample of the typewriters and parts industry, for example, includes some employees engaged in the manufacture of typewriter supplies. Several of the companies classified with the tire and inner-tube industry manufacture rubber goods other than tires and tubes. Similar difficulties of classifi cation are likewise encountered in the steam fitting and steam and hot-water heating apparatus industry, the machine-tools industry, the cash register, adding machine, and calculating machine industry, the soap industry, and the beet-sugar industry. 6 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS was used for the comparison because the volume of reporting com panies was greatest in that month. As compared with the total number of wage earners in all manu facturing industries, only 8.9 percent of th6 wage earners covered in the Bureau's survey for December 1933 were in New York, while, accord ing to the Census of Manufactures for 1931, factories located in New York accounted for 13 percent of the wage earners employed in manufacturing. The “sample" for Ohio, on the contrary, repre sented 10.4 percent of the Bureau's total, as compared to the 7.8 percent reported by the census. These differences, however, are not believed to be of sufficient significance to detract materially from the value of the index. T able 2 .— Bureau of Labor Statistics distribution of wage earners by States for December 1983 compared with census distribution by States for 1981; also percent age of Bureau of Labor Statistics “ sample’ 7 by States for December 1988 compared with census totals for 1981 of Labor Census Bureau Statistics State U nited States___ Alabama______________ A rizon a,.___________ Arkansas______________ California________ _ Colorado - . __ _ _ Connecticut__ ____ _ Delaware _____ District of Columbia___ Florida.. _____ _ Georgia, Idaho____ , _____ Illinois_____ ___ Indiana, ________ Iowa. ____________ _ Kansas,. K entucky___ _____ Louisiana ___________ Maine. . _ __ __ M aryland_________ ___ Massachusetts Michigan _____ Minnesota _. . . . . Mississippi _ _ _ Missouri. ... _____ 1 Percent Percent of total, of total, year Decem 1931 ber 1933 100.0 100.0 1.. 3l .4 3.. 43 2. 9 .. 3l .8 1. 8 .l 7. 4 3. 3 .9 .6 .9 .9 .9 1. 7 6. 6 5. 7 1. 2 .4 2.4 1.. 5l .3 3. 2 .5 4. 3 .2 .1 .5 2. 2 .2 6. 3 3.1 .8 Less than Ho of 1 percent. .8 .8 .7 . 1. 9 5. 3 7. 7 1.0 .2 12 1.8 Percent of cov erage in State 48 57 33 34 47 62 71 44 23 33 59 57 41 46 41 72 44 39 70 58 38 66 39 22 37 of Labor Census Bureau Statistics State Montana_______ ____ _ NTfihrpslrq Nevada, ______________ New Hampshire______ New Jersey_______ _ New Mexico __ ___ New York ____ _ _ North Carolina____ . . North Dakota . .. Ohio, ,, , _______ ,. Oklahoma,, , ______ _ Oregon ______ ____ Pennsylvania,_ _ . . .. Rhode Island___ ____ _ South Carolina____ _ _. South Dakota_______ Tennessee_____ ____ _ Texas___ _____ _ . U ta h _________________ Vermont, , _, _____ Virginia.__________ .. Washington , _. . West Virginia,. .. Wisconsin_____ Wyoming________ _ __ Percent Percent Percent of total, of total, of cov year Decem erage in 1931 ber 1933 State 0.1 4 (1)‘ .8 (l)5.1 13. 0 2. 7 .1 7.8 .3 .6 11. 9 1. 5 1. 3 .1 1. 4 1. 5 .2 .3 1. 6 1.1 1. 0 2.8 .l 4 (1). ^ 1. 0 5.1 0) 8. 9 (14!) 2 10. 4 .3 6 12! 2 1. 3 1.. 71 1. 5 1. 3 .2 .2 2. 0 1. 0 1. 4 2. 2 (]) 0.1 41 OKO Z 16 58 48 23 33 74 27 60 45 44 50 43 63 40 50 43 61 28 60 44 70 38 32 Chapter 2.—Method of Constructing Factory Employment and Pay-Roll Indexes To aid in the interpretation of these statistics, the Bureau, since April 1924, has published its information on factory employment in the form of index numbers. Formerly, changes in employment had been shown by the simple and direct device of comparing the actual number of workers on the pay rolls of the reporting companies for the current month with the number reported by the same establish ments in the month preceding or in the corresponding month of the previous year. Although this method had the advantage of giving a quantitative perspective, this favorable feature was more than offset by obvious defects. It was useful only in making short-time com parisons, since a relationship was established for no more than the preceding month and the corresponding month of the preceding year. This method of presentation was so cumbersome that only an expert thoroughly conversant with the industrial situation could form an intelligible picture of developments in employment over an extended period. Because of the highly undesirable characteristics of the old method of presentation, the returns from the cooperating firms for the past decade have been expressed as index numbers; that is, as relatives stated in percentage of a selected base figure. This method not only has the definite advantage of enabling the user to see at a glance the relationship of the current level of employment with that of the month preceding or with that of the corresponding month of the previous year, but it also gives a coherent and continuous picture of the trend since the beginning of the record.1 Link Relatives Employed In translating the data into indexes the simplest form has been adopted. The industry indexes are month-to-month link relatives which, in turn, are compounded into chain relatives. The group and composite indexes are weighted by the proportional importance of the component industries and industry groups as shown by the Census of Manufactures. The result is an aggregative index coveringtotal manufacturing. The base period of the indexes of factory employment and pay rolls has been revised from time to time. The average for the census year 1919 was first selected. In subsequent series the averages for 1923 and later for 1926 were used as the base. The base for present indexes is, temporarily, the 3-year average for 1923-25. Collection and Tabulation of Data Information for constructing the Bureau’s index is collected by means of questionnaires. Each cooperating establishment is re quested to furnish pay-roll information covering the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the current month. If the pay period covers a 1 York, Hurlin, R. G., and Berridge, W. A., Editors. Employment Statistics for the United States. New 1926, p. 137. 7 8 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS period of more than 1 week, the total earnings reported are reduced to the equivalent of 1 week’s earnings.2 The number of employees in the establishments in the current and the preceding month, to gether with similar information covering weekly pay rolls and weekly man-hours, is transferred to a punch card. These cards are tabu lated about the 10th of the following month, by which time virtually all of the returns have been received. The monthly tabulations are based on reports from identical estab lishments supplying information for both the current and the preceding month. The number of reporting establishments varies from month to month, as some firms fail to supply the information in time for inclusion in the tabulations. From time to time additional firms are included, as needed, to replace plants which have discontinued re porting and to strengthen groups that are underrepresented. Computing Indexes The tabulation of the information supplies a comparison of tota employment in identical establishments for a pay-roll period of the current month and of the preceding month, and similar information for the amount paid in wages during 1 week of the two periods under review. From these totals the percentage change over the month interval is computed. This percentage change is added to or sub tracted from 100.0, thus determining the relative percentage of employ ment or pay rolls in the current month as compared with employment or pay rolls in the month preceding. To obtain the current month’s index number this percentage is multiplied by the index of the preceding month. Industry Weight Factors Because of the wide variation in the inclusiveness of the samples for individual industries (see table 1), and to avoid overrepresenting or underrepresenting the different groups, each industry covered is assigned a weight equivalent to its proportionate importance as an employer of wage earners in manufacturing as a whole. The weight ing factors used in computing the revised employment indexes were the annual average number of wage earners employed by the industry in 1929. The weighting factors for the pay-roll indexes were the total annual pay rolls of the industry, reduced to an average weekly basis, as shown by the Census of Manufactures for 1929. The year 1929—the latest year for which census figures were available at the time the adjustment of the indexes was begun—was used as a tem porary base period for both indexes and weighting factors in the adjustment, pending the selection of a more suitable base period. As stated heretofore, the average for the 36-month period, 1923-25, was subsequently selected as the base period and the indexes con verted accordingly. The weight factors for 1923-25 are given in table 3. Each industry index in a group is multiplied by its weighting factor, and the sum of the products thus obtained is divided by the total weight of the industries surveyed in the group. This procedure results in a weighted group index wherein each of the separate industries exerts an influence equal to its proper proportion of the group total. 2 Where pay rolls of reporting establishments cover 2 or more weeks, the pay rolls are reduced to a weekly basis by dividing the total earnings for the period reported by the number of weeks covered. Pay rolls covering semimonthly or monthly periods are reduced to a weekly basis by dividing the total earnings by the number of days, omitting Sundays, in the calendar period reported and multiplying the daily rate thus secured by 6. No allowance is made for holidays or shut-downs during the period reported. CHAP. 2.— METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING 9 T a b l e 3 . — Weight factors used in revised indexes o f factory employment and pay rolls (average number of employees and average weekly pay rolls 1923-25)1 Industry and group Average number of Average weekly wage earners pay rolls T otal M anufacturing 2__________________________________ 8, 381,700 $203,476,000 Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery_______ 859.100 24, 658, 000 Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills________________ 406, 400 12,827,000 Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets____________________________ 14, 200 348, 000 Cast-iron pipe------------------------------------------------------------------22,500 509, 000 Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools. 16, 700 388, 000 Forgings, iron and steel___________________________________ 23, 800 679,, 000 Hardware________________________________________________ 51, 400 1,218, 000 Plumbers* supplies_______________________________________ 30, 200 817, 000 Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and steam fittings____ 43, 200 1, 227, 000 Stoves___________________________________________________ 47, 000 1, 2696, 000 Structural and ornamental metal work--------------------------------49, 400 I, 4946, 000 Tin cans and other tinware________________________________ 30, 200 6421, 000 Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools, files, and saws). 17,900 415, 000 Wireworks______________________________________________ 18,000 Machinery, not including transportation equipment_____________ 878.100 23, 655,000 28, 200 Agricultural implements__________________________________ 709, 000 Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines___ 13, 900 417, 000 222, 400 5,729, 000 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies_______________ Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels_______________ 50, 000 1,397, 000 408, 700 II, 394, 000 Foundry and machine-shop products_______________________ 28, 300 782, 000 Machine tools____________________________________________ Radios and phonographs__________________________________ 29, 400 701, 000 30, 700 753, 000 Textile machinery and parts_______________________________ 14, 000 330, 000 Typewriters and parts____________________________________ 563, 500 17, 214, 000 Transportation equipment____________________________________ 2, 800 84, 000 Aircraft_________________________________________________ 402, 700 12, 618, 000 Automobiles_____________________________________________ 63, 500 1,930, 000 Cars, electric- and steam-railroad___________________________ 594, 000 Locomotives____________________________________________ 19, 400 54,400 1, 547, 000 Shipbuilding____________________________________________ 482.100 13, 563, 000 Railroad repair shop_________________________________________ 33, 600 933,000 Electric railroad__________________________________________ 448, 500 12,630, 000 Steam railroad___________________________________________ 282, 600 7, 329, 000 Nonferrous metals and their products_________________________ Aluminum manufactures_________________________________ 15, 300 381, 000 65.100 1, 752, 000 Brass, bronze, and copper products________________________ 485, 000 21,800 Clocks and watches and time-recording devices______________ Jewelry_________________________________________________ 25.100 661, 000 22, 600 579, 000 Lighting equipment______________________________________ 17, 000 450, 000 Silverware and plated ware-----------------------------------------------953, 000 33, 900 Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc_______________ 33, 200 767, 000 Stamped and enameled ware______________________________ 918, 400 18, 523, 000 Lumber and allied products__________________________________ 172, 900 4,094, 000 Furniture----------------- ------ -----------------------------------------------Lumber: 106, 500 2, 682,000 Mill work__________________________ 478, 500 8, 930, 000 Sawmills__________________________ 31, 900 295, 000 Turpentine and rosin__________________ 350, 300 8,878, 000 Stone, clay, and glass products--------------------102,100 2,426, 000 Brick, tile, and terra cotta______________ 36, 9G0 1, Oil, 000 Cement_______________________________ 69, 800 1,672, 000 Glass_________________________________ 38, 300 1,165, 000 Marble, granite, slate, and other products. 918, 000 37, 400 Pottery_______________________________ 1, 629, 400 31,676, 000 Textiles and their products_________________ 1,105, 600 20,368, 000 Fabrics_______________________________ 33,900 855, 000 Carpets and rugs___________________ 441, 800 6,927, 000 Cotton goods---------------------------------15, 700 291, 000 Cotton, small wares________________ 65,100 1,452, 000 Dyeing and finishing textiles-----------385, 000 15, 700 Hats, fur-felt______________________ 185, 200 3,119, 000 Knit goods________________________ 125, 700 2, 504, 000 Silk and rayon goods----------------------178, 000 3,941, 000 Woolen and worsted goods--------------474,100 10, 336, 000 Wearing apparel---------------------------------- l 182, 200 4,144, 000 Clothing, men’s-----------------------------127, 700 3, 286, 000 Clothing, women’s_________________ 15, 300 247, 000 Corsets and allied garments-------------304, 000 20, 000 Men’s furnishings---------------------------790, 000 31, 800 Millinery_________________________ 805, 00 57, 600 Shirts and collars__________________ 1 Based on annual average number of wage earners and average weekly pay rolls, Census of Manufac tures 1923 and 1925, and estimates for 1924. 2 Less manufactured gas and motion pictures. REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS 10 3. — Weight factors used in revised indexes of factory employment and pay rolls (average number of employees and average weekly pay rolls 1928—25) — Con. T able Industry and group Average number of Average weekly wage earners pay rolls Leather and its manufactures________________________________ Boots and shoes--------------------------------------------------------------Leather________________________________________________ Food and kindred products---------------------------------------------------Baking--------------------------------------------------------------------------Beverages----------------------------------------------------------------------Butter_________________________________________________ Canning and preserving--------------------------------------------------Confectionery----------------------------------------------------------------Flour__________________________________________________ Ice cream______________________________________________ Slaughtering and meat packing___________________________ Sugar, beet--------------------------------------------------------------------Sugar refining, cane--------------------------------------------------------Tobacco manufactures______________________________________ Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff---------------------------Cigars and cigarettes____________________________________ Paper and printing---------------------------------------------------------------Boxes, paper___________________________________________ Paper and pulp--------------------------------------------------------------Printing and publishing: Book and job_______________________________________ Newspapers and periodicals__________________________ Chemicals and petroleum products 3 _________________________ Other than petroleum refining------------------------------------------Chemicals__________________________________________ Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal----------------------------------Druggists’ preparations---------------------------------------------Explosives---------------------------------------------------------------Fertilizers__________________________________________ Paints and varnishes________________________________ Rayon and allied products___________________________ Soap_______________________________________________ Petroleum refining______________________________________ Rubber products___________________________________________ Rubber boots and shoes_________________________________ Rubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires, and inner tubes. Rubber tires and inner tubes_____________________________ 3 323, 500 $6,986,000 212, 600 4.471.000 54,700 1.314.000 668, 300 15.240.000 162, 400 4, 211,000 27.900 695.000 19,000 454.000 83, 600 1, 245,000 62,400 1.047.000 33,500 786.000 23, 300 633.000 126,700 3,142, 000 8,200 213.000 14, 700 376.000 138,400 2, 225,000 15.900 242.000 122, 500 1.983.000 531,100 14.865.000 56.900 1, 067,000 120, 600 2.959.000 133,100 4, 075,000 116, 900 3.998.000 333,000 8.321.000 268, 200 6, 369, 000 57.000 1, 517,000 14,500 181,000 9,200 192.000 5,900 160.000 18, 500 318.000 23,900 627.000 16.000 390.000 16,200 378.000 64,800 1, 952,000 134, 300 3,468, 000 25,200 545.000 33,400 765.000 75, 700 2,158, 000 Combination of census chemical and petroleum groups, less manufactured gas. Indexes Not Adjusted for Seasonal Variation Employment in many branches of manufacturing displays a distinct seasonal rhythm. For this reason a strong argument is presented for making an adjustment for seasonal changes. Such an adjustment would indicate more accurately the extent to which current fluctua tions in employment were due to fundamental changes in economic conditions. In the past the Bureau has not made such adjustments, principally because of insufficient appropriations and personnel. The Federal Reserve Board, however, has computed measures of seasonal variation in factory employment, and publishes seasonally adjusted indexes of factory employment currently in the Federal Reserve Bulletin.3 3 For description see Federal Reserve Bulletin, Washington, D. C., November 1930 and June 1934. Data may be obtained on request from the Division of Research and Statistics of the Federal Reserve Chapter 3.—Revision to Conform with Census Trend One weakness of chain indexes is the possibility of errors of a pro gressive and cumulative character. With a chain type of index, an error in calculating the percentage of change in any one month not only affects the index for that particular month but is carried to all subsequent items of the series. In part, the statistical hazards in volved in using the chain type of index could have been avoided by employing an identical-establishment-fixed-base method. But this system likewise has its drawbacks. The value of the index depends largely on the promptness with which it is made available. An identical-establishment index would subordinate speed without fur nishing a compensating degree of accuracy. Much of the statistical raw material now currently available could not be utilized under such a system. For these reasons, the chain method has been em ployed. The Bureau’s former series of indexes indicated fairly accurately the changes in employment and pay rolls over a limited period of time, but they tended to deviate from the true trend for an industry over an extended period. This is because they did not reflect the rise in employment occasioned by the entrance of new firms into the indus tries, nor the decline of employment due to industrial mortality. Since the industrial birth rate far exceeded the death rate during the life span of the Bureau’s employment series, the index revealed a pronounced downward bias when compared with the biennial census trend. It was decided, therefore, to adjust the indexes to conform with the averages shown in the biennial Census of Manufactures report. Pioneer Work of Federal Reserve Board That the former series of unadjusted indexes of the Bureau of Labor Statistics resulted in inaccuracies in indicating total employment has long been recognized. Credit for measuring the discrepancies in concrete terms and developing a serviceable method for adjusting the current employment statistics to accord with the trend indicated by the biennial census data belongs chiefly to the work done for the Federal Reserve Board by William Berridge, Woodlief Thomas, and Aryness Joy and for the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia by J. Frederic Dewhurst. An index of employment, based on pay-roll data from several different bureaus but with information of the Bureau of Labor Sta tistics an important component, was constructed by the Federal Reserve Board in 1923. Like the Bureau’s index, that of the Reserve Board was necessarily compiled by means of the shifting-base or chain method. A check of the Board’s index against the census figures for the years 1919, 1921, and 1923 disclosed significant differ ences and accordingly the index was adjusted to conform with the more reliable information contained in the Census of Manufactures. Subse quent correction was made for changes between the years 1923 and 11 12 [REVISED INDEXES----EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS 1925, but even after this preliminary fitting to the census curve it was found that the current figures developed imperfections at a surpris ingly rapid rate. The census figures for 1927, for example, showed that employment in manufacturing industries was 5 percent less than in 1923, indicating a decrease of approximately 425,000 workers, whereas the Federal Reserve Board’s uncorrected index over the same period indicated a decline of about 12 percent, which would represent a decrease of more than 1,000,000 workers.1 These findings clearly indicated the necessity for periodic adjustments. As the Federal Reserve index was based to a large extent on infor mation drawn from the Bureau of Labor Statistics from 1923 on, it was apparent that the Bureau’s index was similarly defective. The chart 1923 192 ** 1925 1926 1927 1928 i 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 decision to revise the Bureau’s index was reached in 1932 and more than a year was required to complete the work. Extent of Discrepancy A comparison of the old series and the revised series of employment indexes revealed that between 1923 and 1929 the old index of employ ment developed a bias of about 11 percent. This means that the use of the Bureau’s former index to calculate the changes in total factory employment from 1923 to 1929 would have underestimated total employment in 1929 by approximately a million workers. Although the discrepancy was most pronounced in 1929, the trend away from realities grew progressively throughout the period from 1923 to 1929. (See fig. 1.) Over the period 1929-31, the decrease shown in the com posite index of factory employment differed only 0.3 percent from the decrease in total factory employment as shown by the census records. It must be borne in mind also that the former index did not include the canning and preserving industry, which in peak 1 Federal Reserve Bulletin, Washington, D. C., November 1929, vol. 15, no. 11, p. 707. CHAP. 3.----REVISION TO CONFORM WITH CENSUS 13 months represented from 2 to 3 percent of total manufacturing employment. The indexes of factory pay rolls made a somewhat better showing. (See fig. 2.) Like the employment index, the departure away from realities was greatest in 1929. In that year the error amounted to 9 percent, which meant that, measured by the old pay-roll index, earnings of factory workers in 1929 were understated by, roughly, a billion dollars. Also, as in the case of the employment index, the margin of error diminished during the recent depression years. Method of Revision 2 The method of adjustment to the census trend adopted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics differs slightly from that used by the Federal Reserve Board. Essentially, the method employed was a CHART Z Comparison °f Former Index BwRolls m Manufacturing Industries with NewSeries Adjusted to Conformwith Census Tto© straight-line adjustment between averages of numbers employed, or pay rolls, as shown in a pair of census years from 1923 to 1931. No attempt was made to use the monthly figures published by the census, as employment data by months were not available for each of the biennial census reports and monthly pay-roll data were not available for any year. From a standpoint of statistical technique, the method is open to some criticism, but on a large computation of this kind, simplicity was essential and, as it seemed to give reasonably accurate results, it was adopted despite its shortcomings. The method of adjustment can best be illustrated by following step by step the procedure in a specific instance. For this purpose, 2 For an alternative method of revision see paper by Sidney W. Wilcox, entitled “Adjustment of Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls for Conformity to Census of Manufactures”, in Journal of the American Statistical Association, March 1934, Supplement. 91911°—35-----2 14 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS the revision of the employment indexes for the blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling-mills industry can be accepted as typical. The first step in the process was to accept the 1923 indexes of employment for the blast furances, steel works, and rolling mills industry without change. In 1925 the annual averages of the monthly indexes showed a decline from 1923 of 4.1 percent, as against a decrease of 5.9 percent in the average number of wage earners shown by the census over the interval. By simple proportion, it is found that the Bureau’s average index for 1925 should have been 96.1 instead of 97.9. To reconcile the index to conform with the census trend the procedure was to scale down each of the monthly indexes, beginning with January 1924, so as to reduce each monthly index number in 1925 to a point where the average for the year would be 96.1. This adjustment was made by arithmetic interpo lation as illustrated by table 4. The process involves simply the application of a cumulative unit which, when applied over the 24-month interval, results in bringing the average index for 1925 into adjustment with the trend indicated by the census. For the blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills industry the unit was a decre ment of 0.0973. It is hardly necessary to point out that the reason for apportioning the difference was to preserve the monthly fluc tuations established by the original index numbers. T able 4.— Adjustment of indexes of employment in the blast furnaces , steel works, and rolling mills industry to trend shown by Census of Manufactures 1924 Month January_____ ___ _________ February. ___ ___________ March___ ______ __ April. __ __ _____ _____ M ay.. ____ __ ___ June________________ __ _ July________________________ August. __ _____ __ ___ ___ September___ _ __ ___ __ _ October _____ __ __ _ __ November____ ______ December_______ ________ Average. _ _ _ __________ 1923 base series 1925 Old series Indicated after decre Old series ment = decre ment Old series -0.0973 adjust ment 96.5 101. 0 99.3 105.8 101. 0 108.5 101.3 107.8 103.3 98.3 105.9 91.4 86.1 102. 8 105.4 83.8 104.5 86.3 104.2 89.9 102. 2 90.3 98.3 95.4 102.1 95.4 0. 097 . 195 .292 .389 .487 .584 .681 .778 .876 .973 1.070 1.168 100.9 105.6 108.2 107.4 97.8 90.8 85.4 83.0 85.4 88.9 89.2 94.2 94. 7 100. 02 102. 102.7 100.4 98. 2 95.4 94.0 94.0 94.5 95.8 97.2 Old series Indicated after decre decre ment = ment -0.0973 adjust ment 1.265 1.362 1.460 1. 557 1.654 1.751 1.849 1.946 2. 043 2.141 2.238 . 335 100.1 2 97.9 98.9 100. 62 101. 98.8 96.5 93.6 92.2 92.1 92.5 93.7 95.0 97.8 96.1 Since the foregoing adjustments throw the series for the subsequent 2 years out of line, it is necessary to reestablish the relationship by working preliminary adjustments for the succeeding 24 months before proceeding with the next biennial census adjustment. This was done by dividing the new index for the same month by the original Decem ber 1925 index, thereby obtaining a multiplying factor which can be applied to each monthly index for the years 1926 and 1927, raising (or lowering) the monthly relatives to the level shown after adjust ment to the 1925 census. In the case of the blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills industry the ratio for December 1925 between the relative arrived at by the process of adjustment (97.8) and the former CHAP. 3.----REVISION TO CONFORM WITH CENSUS 15 relative (100.1) was 0.977022. Applying this correcting factor to the original 1926 and 1927 series the new index numbers for 1926 and 1927 are shown as follows: T able 5.— Original and revised series of index numbers for the blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills industry , 1926 and 1927 Month January________ _______________________ _ ____ February ______ ______ March__ _________ ____ _ April _ _____ _ _ ___ _ May__________ _ - ________ _________ June.. ______________ _ ___ ___ July_________________________________ _____ August ____ September. ________ _____ _ ___ October___________ __ ________ ______ November___ _ ____ _ December____ _____________ ______ _ __ Average__ _________ _ __ (1) 1926 old series 102.0 101.0 100.5 101. 7 102.3 99.3 97.8 98.8 100. 3 99.1 96.7 100.2 100.0 (3) 1926 revised series (1)X0.977022 98.2 99.7 99.4 99.9 98.7 97.0 95.6 96.5 98. 0 97.9 96.8 94.5 97.7 (3) 1927 old series 95.0 96.4 97.7 97. 3 96.4 94.3 92.3 91. 2 90. 6 89. 5 87.8 86.5 92.9 (4) 1927 revised series (3)X0.977022 92.8 94. 2 95.5 95.1 94. 2 92.1 90. 2 89.1 .5 87.4 85.8 84.5 90.8 88 This series was then ready for the next biennial census adjustment. The same procedure was followed in adjusting the pay-roll indexes to the census trend. Unusual characteristics in some industries neces sitated special handling. Revision of Group Indexes As previously indicated, the distribution of the 90 separate indus tries covered by the Bureau’s factory employment surveys within the 14 major industry groups is not strictly proportionate to their relative importance to manufacturing as a whole. Except for the nonferrous-metals group from 1919 to 1930, it is believed that the coverage in each industrial group is fairly representative. The employ ment and pay-roll indexes for each group were, therefore, adjusted to the total wage earners and pay rolls in the group as shown in the respective census classification. The reason for adjusting each group to the trend shown by the census prior to the combination of all groups into a total index is that the missing industries, i.e., those not currently reported to the Bureau, are more likely to show employment fluctuations similar to those industries in the same group, using similar materials, than in all manufacturing industries. This is a refinement over the previous method, in which it was assumed that the trend in the missing industries was the same as in the reported industries combined. After establishing weights for each industry, group indexes were computed for each group by multiplying the adjusted industry indexes by their respective weights (used as percentages), and dividing the sum of these products by the total weight of the industries surveyed in the group. This method of computing preliminary group indexes was used in all but two instances. Due to the highly seasonal char acter of the canning and preserving industry in the food group and the 16 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS fertilizer and cottonseed oil industries in the chemical group, the methop of computing group indexes for these groups differed slightly and will be described in detail later. The recent reinforcement of the factory employment surveys by the addition of industries not previously covered introduced complications that required special treatment in adjusting the group indexes to the census trend. For this reason, in explaining the procedure followed, the 14 industry groups are divided into the following three classi fications: Class I. Groups not increased. Class II. Groups increased in 1931. Class III. Groups increased as of 1929 and again in 1931. Only four groups are included in class I: railroad repair shops, tobacco manufactures, paper and printing, and leather and its manu factures. The Bureau’s railroad-repair-shop group covers the same number of industries as are covered in the census classification, and the Bureau’s tobacco group is comprised of two industries which the census reports list under “ miscellaneous industries.” The paper-andprinting and the leather-manufacture groups cover the major indus tries included in the corresponding census groups and therefore were not increased. For these groups the method of adjustment was identical with that used for separate industries. Class II includes the following eight major groups and two sub groups: Iron and steel and their products/ Transportation equipment. Nonferrous metals. Lumber and allied products. Stone, clay, and glass products. Textiles and their products. Fabrics. Wearing apparel. Food and kindred products. Rubber products. The original number of industries surveyed in each of these groups was used as a basis for computing the group indexes through January 1931, when the additional industries were added. Group indexes were also computed for January 1931, based on the expanded groups. The overlap in the original and expanded groups in January 1931 enabled the Bureau to make the necessary adjustment in shifting to the enlarged group. These group indexes were then adjusted to the census trends for the entire census grouping. For the iron and steel group, indexes based on the six original industries surveyed were used for the adjustment to the census data through January 1931. The adjustment to this point was identical with that used for separate industries. Commencing with January 1931 indexes based on the expanded series of 13 industries were used. With the overlap for January 1931 available, it was possible to shift to the broader group by determining the relationship between the old index for the group and the new. For the six original industries in the group the employment index for December 1930 was 76.2, and for January 1931 it was 73.8. For the 13 industries the index for January 1931 stood at 73.3. By proportion, a theoretical index for December 1930 on the enlarged series was obtained. This index was 75.7, a difference of 0.5 percent less than the December 1930 group index based on the old series of six industries. By using an appro priate decrement this difference was spread through 1930. The 3 Does not include machinery. CHAP. 3.----REVISION TO CONFORM WITH CENSUS 17 revised series of group indexes for 1930 were then accepted as com parable with the 1931 series and the 1929-31 census adjustments were accordingly made. Similar adjustments were made for the textiles, transportationequipment, lumber, rubber, and stone, clay, and glass groups. In computing indexes for the textile group, adjustments were made for the fabric and wearing apparel subgroup indexes to conform with the census trend, and these subgroup indexes were used to construct weighted indexes for the major textile group. On the other hand, a somewhat different procedure was adopted for the food-products group. Previously the canning and preserving industry had not been included in the food-group classification, partly because of its highly seasonal character and partly because a large number of the wage earners in the industry are casual workers, employed only at the peak season. In order to harmonize with the census data, this industry had been included in the revised indexes for the food group. It was found, however, that the trend of the combined industries surveyed in the Bureau’s group, excluding canning and preserving, was more indicative of the trend of the industries not surveyed in the group than was the group including canning. Thus, to prevent the canning and preserving industry from unduly influencing the monthly trend of employment and pay rolls for the food group as a whole, a special group index was constructed in which the canning and preserving industry was omitted. This special group index was then adjusted to the census totals for all food industries except canning and preserving. The group index thus obtained was then multiplied by the food-group weighting factor (total number of wage earners, or amount of weekly pay rolls, exclusive of canning and preserving), thereby securing a preliminary food-group aggregate. The aggregates for the canning and preserving industry obtained by multiplying the industry index by its weighting factor were then added to the computed food-group aggregates and the sum of these two totals was divided by the total weight of all food indus tries, including canning and preserving, thereby arriving at the final food-group index. Special handling was also required for the nonferrous-metals group. Until 1931 only the brass, bronze, and copper products industry, and the stamped and enameled ware industry were canvassed. As the monthly trend of employment and pay rolls in these two industries is not indicative of the trend of the nonferrous-metals group as a whole, no monthly group indexes are presented for this group for the period from 1923 to 1931 (table 8). In computing the general indexes for all manufacturing employment and pay rolls over the period 1923-30, the nonferrous-metals group was given a weight equal to the total employees and weekly wages in the brass, bronze, and copper prod ucts and the stamped and enameled ware industries, plus the combined weights of the smelting and refining and the sheet-metal-work industries, which are closely related. In January 1931, six additional industries were added to the nonferrous group, and since then the group indexes have been computed on the basis of returns from eight industries and the group is given its full weight in computing the com posite index numbers. The increment adj ustment of the group index began in January 1931. The remainder of the adjustments were 18 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS made as usual. The yearly averages shown in table 8 for the years prior to 1931 are based on census figures for the group. Two groups—chemical and machinery—fall in class III. Both of these groups were increased by the addition of more industries, not only in 1931, but also in 1929. The expansion of these groups as of 1929, however, was not made until recently, and is essentially part of the present revision, but as a result of this difference, an additional step was necessary in handling these groups. The chemicals group is a combination of the chemical and petroleum groups as classified by the census. As in the case of the food group, a special index was constructed for this group by eliminating the fertilizer and cottonseed oil industries, due to their highly seasonal characteristics, and then adding them after the group index was adjusted to all other industries in the group. From 1923 through January 1929, this special group index was computed by using the combined total of weights for the chemical and rayon industries, together with the druggists’ preparations, explosives, and petroleum refining industries which were used as weighting factor in constructing the group indexes. Beginning with January 1929, the individual indexes for the chemicals and rayon industries, each with its own weight, were used in the construction of the group indexes. The chemicals group was further increased in 1931 to include the paint and varnish and the soap industries. This expansion and the adjustment to the group indexes were accomplished in the same manner as is described for the iron and steel group in class II. Indexes for the chemicals group less the petroleum-refining industry were also computed. Indexes for the machinery group were constructed in much the same way as the chemicals group indexes, using the combined weight of the electrical machinery and radio industry through January 1929, and then presenting these two industries ^separately. The radio industry, formerly classified with the electrical machinery industry, is now combined with the phonograph industry. As a result of this change the weights for the phonograph industry have been added to the radio weights. In adjusting the group indexes to all industries in the group, as shown by the census, it was also necessary to add the total reported for the phonograph industry to the machinery group to give the group its full weight. This was automatically taken care of in 1931 when the Census of Manufactures for that year set up the separate classification of “Radios and phonographs.” To make the group indexes comparable over the whole period after the adjustments were made to census data, aggregates for the phonograph industry were added to the group aggregates from 1923 through 1928, and these totals were divided by the combined weight.4 Revision of Composite Index After the adjustment of each group index, a preliminary general index was constructed by multiplying each group index by its group weight (total number of wage earners, or weekly earnings in the group as shown by the Census of Manufactures), except for the food, chem icals, and nonferrous-metals groups. In constructing the preliminary general index, the food-group weight does not include canning and * Indexes for the phonograph industry were computed from figures supplied by the Federal Reserve Board and then adjusted to census data. CHAP. 3.— REVISION TO CONFORM WITH CENSUS 19 preserving, the cottonseed oil and fertilizer industries are omitted from the chemicals-group weight, and the nonferrous-metals group, until its expansion in 1931, had the weight of only four industries. The combined sum of the group aggregates, with the exceptions cited, obtained by the multiplying process was divided by the total of the weighting factors assigned to the respective groups and the composite index was obtained. The “preliminary ” general index was adjusted to conform to the trend shown in the total of all manufacturing industries covered in the Census of Manufactures, with the exception of manufactured gas, which is included in the Bureau’s power and light group; motion pictures, which the census eliminated from manufacturing in 1931; and the canning and preserving, cottonseed oil, and fertilizer indus tries, which because of their seasonal character require special handling. The aggregates for these last three industries, obtained by multiplying the index number by the weighting factor, were added to the “preliminary ” general industry aggregates, and the sum of the aggregates was divided by the combined total of the weighting factors plus the weights of the canning and preserving, cottonseed-oil, and fertilizer industries to arrive at the final composite index. Chapter 4.—Results of Revision With the inclusion of 32 additional industries and the adjustment of the indexes to conform to the biennial Census of Manufactures trends, together with a broader base period and the adoption of group weights instead of industry weights in arriving at a composite index, it is believed that the indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are now broadly representative of manufacturing as a whole. The results of the revision are shown by figure 3 (see also table 6). Since special care was taken to preserve the monthly fluctuations established by the former series, the revised indexes show no startling variations from the familiar pattern. Both curves start by reflecting the industrial unrest and uncertainty that characterized the months immediately following the termination of the war. Toward the middle of 1919 both curves, in response to the post-war boom, were featured by the vigorous rise that culminated m 1920 with the high-water mark for both factory employment and earnings. From this peak they slump abruptly as a result of the depression of 1921, but the recovery that followed was almost as rapid and by early 1923 both indexes were again above the 100 mark. Another dip is shown for the short-lived and relatively mild depression of 1924. Throughout most of the so-called “ prosperity era ”, both earnings and payrolls fluctuated within a narrow range, and, in spite of the sharp increase in the physi cal volume of production, it was not until 1929 that the indexes showed any pronounced upward movement. From late 1929 until early in 1933 the trend was almost steadily downward. The direction of movements was revealed by the former series, and the difference in the revised indexes is that they measure more precisely the extent of the changes in employment and earnings as shown by census statistics. One interesting feature shown by figure 3 is the fact that earnings have fluctuated much more widely than employment. This is true for both the depressions of 1921 and 1924 and is notably true of the depression of the thirties. On the other hand, in prosperous times, as in 1920 and 1929, earnings tend to outstrip the upsurge of the employment curve. 20 Trend Of Employment $ Pay Rolls in M anufacturing Industries 1919-1933 CHART 3 y e a r average 1^23 1^2^ -100 Index Numbers Index Numbers 130 - 140 -130 f m e fnitf 120 -120 110- -110 / 1/ J r-/ 100- 90 80 70 - -100 - 90 JL) V 60- 50 - 80 70 - 60 - - r o iU s / 30 -5 0 40 30 20 - - 20 - 10 - 4o- 100- - CHAP. 4. ---- RESULTS OF REVISION m- - !! 111111 111 m i l i u m tm iiim i m in im i im im m mumm im im m im im m m iliu m iiim im i iniiiiim 111111111.11 l l l l l l l l l l l . llLii.1.11IJ1. 111111 LLLii l l l l l l l l l l l . m in im i 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 192) 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 -J2 Industries ^ 5 3 Industries^*---------------------------- 60 Industries------------------------------4 <~62 Industrie?-*4— ------------------Industries -------------------------- H - 0 Jack 3randt.Jr. to 22 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS T a b l e 6 .— General indexes of em ploym en t an d p a y rolls in m anu factu ring in d u stries , by m onths, J a n u a ry 1919 to Decem ber 1933 [3-year average, 1923-25 = 1001 Month and year Employment Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Aver age 102. 0 102.4 102.5 103.1 104.3 106.9 109.7 111.7 111.3 112.6 114.4 107.2 113.7 116.0 114.5 112.0 111.1 108.5 108.8 107.5 103.7 97.4 89.7 108.2 82.6 83.2 82.1 81.9 81.0 79.8 81.2 83.4 84.1 84.2 83.3 82.3 84.6 85.9 85.8 87.9 89.8 88.2 91.4 94.5 97.0 99.0 100.5 90.6 102.5 104.6 105.0 105.3 106.0 104.9 105.2 105.7 104.5 103.2 101.4 104.1 100.2 101.5 101.7 99.9 96.8 93.8 91.0 92.1 94.4 95.3 94.8 96.1 96.5 98.1 98.8 98.7 98.1 98.0 97.8 99.5 101.5 102.2 101.8 101.5 99.4 101.5 102.1 101.4 100.4 100.3 99.4 101.4 103.4 103.1 101.4 100.0 101.2 99.7 100.2 99.6 99.1 99.1 98.1 99.3 100.5 99.6 97.4 96.1 98.9 96.5 97.6 97.1 97.0 97.8 97.7 100.1 102.2 102.6 101.7 101.2 98.9 104.1 105.3 105.3 105.6 106.1 107.9 109.0 107.7 103.6 99.8 104.8 100.8 102.9 97.4 96.9 96.3 94.8 92.9 89.5 88.8 89.6 87.7 84.6 82.3 91.5 80.3 80.7 80.7 80.1 78.4 77.0 77.1 77.4 74.4 71.8 71. 0 77.4 69.5 68.4 66.1 63.4 61.2 58.9 60.1 63.3 64.4 63.4 62.1 64.1 61.1 58.8 59.9 62.6 66.9 71.5 76.4 80.0 79.6 76.2 74.4 69.0 1919_______________ 105.3 1920_______________ 114.9 1921_______________ 81.0 1922__ _________ 82. 5 1923_______________ 100.7 1924_______________ 1925_______________ 96.3 1926_______________ 100.5 1927_______________ 98.2 1928_______________ 95.0 1929_______________ 1930______________ 97.3 1931_............................ 79.6 19321______________ 68.7 19331______________ 60.2 Pay rolls 1919_______________ 1920_______________ 1921_______________ 1922_______________ 1923_______________ 1924_______________ 1925_______________ 1926_______________ 1927_______________ 1928_______________ 1929_______________ 1930_______________ 1931_______________ 19321______________ 19331______________ 95.3 117.2 82.8 69.6 94.6 98.8 95.4 100.9 98.4 96.0 102.3 95.9 70.0 53.5 39.5 89.6 115.5 81.3 72.4 97.9 104.1 105.0 104.4 109.3 98.8 74.3 54.6 40.2 90.0 123.7 81.7 74.9 102.5 104.1 102.4 106.5 105.7 102.5 98.8 75.6 53.1 37.1 89.2 120.9 79.0 73.8 103.8 80 100. 100.8 101. 104.4 101.2 111.6 104.5 100.5 112. 6 97.7 74.4 49.5 38.8 90.0 122.4 77.3 77.2 107.3 97.5 100.7 103.1 104.0 101.3 112.9 95.4 73.4 46.8 42. 7 92.0 124.2 75.4 80.5 107.5 92.4 98.7 103.3 102.4 101.7 92.3 69.7 43.4 47.2 111.2 94.8 119.3 71.7 78.5 103.3 85. 7 96.8 99.0 98.5 99.0 107. 2 84.3 .2 39.8 50.8 66 99.9 104.7 102.2 106.7 114.0 121. 6 119.8 115.8 107.0 98.0 73.9 73.4 72.6 71.7 73.3 83.0 103.8 89.3 99.3 103.4 101.9 103.3 83.3 65.9 40.6 56.8 112.0 i Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. 87.0 104.3 92.5 98.8 104.4 101.4 104.7 112.9 84.1 63.4 42.9 59.1 89.5 106.6 95.1 104.6 107.6 108.2 112.4 82.2 61.3 44.7 59.4 102.1 93.4 104.5 93.7 104.6 104.1 98.5 105.0 104.1 76.8 58.1 42.9 55.5 95.7 102.9 97.6 105.2 103.5 99.5 105.6 100. 7 75.2 57. 6 41.5 54.5 97.4 117.1 76.2 81.3 103.3 96.1 103.8 102.4 109.1 88.7 67.5 46.1 48.5 100.6 101.8 Estimates of Total Employment and Pay Rolls Now Feasible An outstanding improvement in the revised indexes is that they have been adjusted to reflect changes in the number of workers and average weekly pay rolls in such a way that it is entirely possible to make substantially accurate monthly estimates of the total number of wage earners employed and their weekly pay rolls for each of the industries covered, as well as for manufacturing as a whole, subject to subsequent revisions, as later census data become available. Table 7 gives monthly estimates of the total number of wage earners and their average weekly pay rolls in all manufacturing industries from 1919 to 1933. Details by industry groups are given in table 9. T able 7.— E stim ated num ber em ployed and weekly p a y rolls in all m anufacturing in d u stries, by m onths , J a n u a ry 1919 to Decem ber 1933 Month 1919 8 888 8 8,825.8 , 547. 2 , 582.1 , 589. 2 , 644.4 , 744. 0 8,962. 8 9,193. 3 9,366.1 9,327. 0 9, 435. 8 9, 589. 0 8,983. 9 1920 9,632. 4 9,533. 9 9, 721. 6 9,596.1 9, 391.3 9, 314. 4 9,097. 0 9,118.1 9,010. 6 ,688.8 8,161. 2 7, 522.1 9,065.6 8 1921 66,925. , 791. 2 2 66,879. ,973. 4 3 66,790. ,866. 2 4 6,687. 8 6,803. 4 6,986. 7 7,047. 6 7,061. 6 6,984. 0 6,899. 7 1922 1923 1924 6,916.1 7, 089. 6 7, 203. 0 7,195.1 7, 364. 9 7, 526.4 7, 389. 4 7,657. 2 7,919.1 8,134. 0 , 296. 8 8,420. 4 7, 592. 7 3 88,,, 446. 595. 6 88,801. 764. 3 4 8,827.1 8,883. 6 8, 796. 5 8,819. 3 8,852. 5 8, 758.7 88,655.1 , 498. 4 8, 724. 9 8,397. 7 500. 7 888,,, 376. 517. 0 4 8,107. 5 8 7,865. 3 7, 623.1 7, 721. 5 7,914. 0 7,982. 9 7,944. 6 8,054.1 8,083. 7 1925 0 88,074. 219. 8 88,,, 279. 285. 4 7 220. 8 888,,, 200. 209. 6 0 88,, 340. 6 504. 7 88,, 532. 567. 9 8, 503. 47 8, 328. 2 1926 1927 1928 8, 427. 9 505. 4 888,,, 494. 558. 9 8, 413. 34 8,410. 9 327.1 888,,, 661. 491. 4 3 88,, 494. 644. 7 8, 382. 64 8, 356. 228. 9 2 888,,, 349. 400. 6 7 8, 301. 6 298. 5 888,,, 319. 224. 2 8 8,, 342. 421. 0 88,164. 3 8, 053. 86 8, 288. 4 7,959. 3 8,095. 3 8,177. 3 8,135. 2 8,129. 7 8,192. 4 8,185. 9 , 390. 4 , 567. 4 , 596. 4 , 520.1 , 479. 8 , 285. 8 8,484. 4 888 88 8 1929 1930 1931 7 8,150.1 88,,449. 626.1 8,158. 4 88,827.0 , 726. 5 8,116. 7 8, 073. 6 88,846. , 827. 5 7,942. 6 3 7, 782. 6 89,041. ,886. 7 7, 503. 4 9 7, 443. 9 9,134. 9 7, 514. 5 9, 024. 9 7,350. 3 676. 5 7,091. 4 88,, 359. 4 6,893. 6 8, 785. 6 7, 668. 4 6,669. 2 726.1 666,,, 767. 6 761. 9 66,, 571. 709. 8 2 66,, 461. 458. 7 7 6,482. 6 241. 2 65,6,, 943. 018. 5 0 $194, 966 200,902 200,953 198, 695 194, 212 187, 779 171, 584 169, 508 171, 004 167, 213 156,173 153, 099 180, 507 $142,333 151,120 153,800 151, 373 149, 206 141,683 134, 672 134,075 128,824 124, 738 118,151 117,094 137, 256 19321 19331 5,753.8 5,827.1 5, 732. 5 5, 540. 9 5,317. 4 5,133. 8 4, 937. 2 5,034.1 5, 302. 8 5, 397. 5 5, 313. 9 5,199. 7 6,484. 3 5, 374. 2 5,041. 5 5,123.1 4,924. 4 5,018. 6 5, 243. 5 5, 604. 2 5,990. 5 6,402. 7 , 701. 9 , 671. 5 6,384. 7 6,234. 2 5, 778. 4 $108,825 111,040 107, 943 100, 641 95, 233 88,188 81, 074 82, 520 87,156 90,908 87, 075 84, 479 93, 757 $80, 259 81,821 75, 432 78,972 86,962 96,041 103, 269 115, 583 120, 304 120,930 112,940 110,965 98, 623 66 Pay rolls (expressed in thousands) January_________________________ $193,838 February________________________ 182, 233 March_____________________ *____ 183, 203 April____________________________ 181, 588 May____________________________ 183,112 187, 238 June____ __________________ July_____________________________ 192,926 August---------------------------------------- 203,363 September_____________________ 213, 088 October____________ ____________ 207,979 November_______ __ _ _________ 217,170 December________ _______ ____ _ 231,997 Average_______ ____ 198,145 1 $238,421 235,005 251, 713 246,050 249,125 252,666 242,800 247, 366 243, 782 235,612 217, 677 199, 379 238,300 $168,482 165,482 166,152 160, 662 157, 276 153,515 145, 804 150,442 149,409 147,794 145, 884 149,194 155, 008 $141,677 147,332 152,364 150,161 157,108 163, 706 159, 725 168,837 177, 033 182,140 190,078 194, 713 165, 406 $192,446 199, 290 208, 575 , 288 218, 274 218, 723 210,165 211,146 212,185 216, 799 212, 524 209, 364 210, 065 211 211 $200,875 , 626 211, 709 207, 071 198, 428 187,914 174,419 181, 745 188, 097 193, 491 190, 504 198, 632 195, 376 $194,138 204,908 208, 395 203, 387 204, 790 200,850 196,898 202, 092 200, 944 212, 790 212, 787 214,000 204, 665 $205,312 213,657 216, 642 212, 396 209, 653 , 111 201, 342 210, 213 , 226 218, 928 211, 770 210,487 211,061 $200,037 212, 324 215,055 212, 438 211, 631 208, 332 , 218 207,129 206, 308 207, 675 200, 285 202, 325 2C6,980 $195,157 205,888 208, 451 204, 513 206,166 206, 902 201, 496 210, 007 , 861 220,155 213, 619 214, 793 208, 334 210 200 212 212 $208,062 222, 308 226, 915 229, 213 229, 611 226, 251 218, 077 227, 830 229, 536 228, 669 211, 923 204,851 221,937 CHAP. 4.— RESULTS OP REVISION January_________________________ February________________________ March____ ___________ _______ April____________________________ May____________________________ June____________________________ July-------------------------------------------August__________________________ September_____ ____ ________ ____ October_______________ _______ November_______________________ December_______________________ Average__________ ______ Employment (expressed in thousands) Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. to CO 24 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS Shift of Base Period In comparing the revised indexes with the old series, it should be noted that the base period has been changed from the 12-month average for 1926 to the 36-month average for 1923-25. This broader base, as previously stated, was selected partly because the broad base minimizes any unusual conditions which affect the relative position of any industry on a single-year base and partly because this change makes the Bureau’s indexes comparable with other cur rent barometers of industrial activity which were already established on the 1923-25 base. The change of base, however, is to be regarded as temporary. It will be used only until a much more recent common base can be selected by the various governmental agencies concerned. Technical Difficulties Encountered In presenting the industries by groups in the accompanying tabu lations of index numbers (table 8) and estimated totals of employ ment and weekly pay rolls (table 9), the groups representing the durable-goods industries are given first, and the nondurable-goods industries follow. The Bureau’s classification of “durable goods” industries is composed of the iron and steel, machinery, nonferrous metals, transportation equipment, railroad repair shops, lumber, and stone-clay-glass groups. The remaining groups are classified as “nondurable goods.” Before turning to the detailed statistics, however, several technical difficulties in the development of the revisions should be pointed out. Most of these difficulties were the outgrowth of changes in classifica tion of certain of the industries, but some resulted from the recent addition of industries which were not formerly covered by the employment surveys. The industries listed below have been covered in the monthly employment survey from 1923 to date and are similar to the corre sponding census classifications or combinations of census classifica tions. These industries, therefore, were readily adjusted to the biennial census trends. Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills. Cast-iron pipe. Hardware. Stoves. Agricultural implements. Automobiles. Shipbuilding. Brass, bronze^ and copper products. Stamped and enameled ware. Furniture. Lumber, mill work. Lumber, sawmills. Brick, tile, and terra cotta. Glass. Pottery. Carpets and rugs. Cotton goods. Dyeing and finishing textiles. Knit goods. Silk and rayon goods. Woolen and worsted goods. Clothing, men’s. Clothing, women’s. Millinery. Shirts and collars. Boots and shoes. Leather. Baking. Flour. Slaughtering and meat packing. Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff. Cigars and cigarettes. Boxes, paper. Paper and pulp. Printing, book and job. Printing, newspapers and periodicals. Fertilizers. Petroleum refining. Rubber tires and inner tubes. CHAP. 4.— RESULTS OE REVISION 25 On the other hand, statistics for the steam and hot-water heating apparatus and steam fittings, structural and ornamental metal work, machine tools, cement, confectionery, ice cream, cane-sugar refining, and rubber boots and shoes industries were missing for the early months of 1923. For these industries, index numbers were con structed for the missing months based on census figures which were available by months for that year. These indexes were then linked with the Bureau’s index to make the year complete. Pay-roll figures by months were not available from the census records and the employ ment trend was used to estimate pay-roll indexes for the missing months of 1923. When the Bureau expanded its general manufacturing index in 1931 to include 89 industries instead of the 54 previously used, four of the old industries were composite industries composed of 10 distinct census classifications. These four composite industries were broken down into smaller census classifications in 1931, when the additions were made. At that time the separation was carried back only to 1926, the old base year, but in present revisions the break-down of these industries has been extended back to 1923. The former composite industries, together with industries into which they are now separated are given below: Old industries Foundry and machine-shop products Chemicals Car building and repairing, steam LI Car building and repairing, electric New industries Foundry and machine-shop products. Textile machinery. Engines, waterwheels, etc. Locomotives. Chemicals. Druggists’ preparations. Explosives. Car building, electric and steam. Electric-railroad repair shops. Steam-railroad repair shops. All of the foregoing industries were adjusted to the census data by much the same method as that previously explained in detail for the blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills industry.2 The Bureau had no indexes for the electric-car repairing industry for the early months of 1923 and the indexes for the missing months were com puted by means of the monthly census figures for that year. In 1929 three industries were added to the monthly employment survey. These were the canning and preserving, radio, and rayon industries. The canning and preserving industry had previously been treated as a separate industry in the nonmanufacturing group, but under the present classification it is included with the food-group industries. Although several establishments manufacturing rayon and radios were reporting to the Bureau prior to 1929, these industries were not separately classified until that time. Prior to 1929 com panies manufacturing these products and reporting to the Bureau were grouped with other industries—the radio manufacturers with for steam and electric railroads now represent repairing only. 21InIndexes five instances, overlapping comparisons were made, as the census figures were not comparable over the entire period. In millinery, for example, 1925 was compared with 1927 on one.set of census figures and 1927 with 1929 on another. This was due to a break-down made by the census in 1929 and for which comparisons were made only with the previous biennial Census of Manufactures. The foundry and machine-shop products, machine tools, chemical, and furniture industries were also handled in a similar manner. 26 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS the electrical-machinery industry and the rayon manufacturers with the chemical industry.3 The indexes of employment and pay rolls computed for the 29 industries listed below, beginning with January 1931 to December 1933, have been adjusted to the 1931 census level. Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets. Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools. Forgings, iron and steel. Plumbers’ supplies. Tin cans and other tinware. Tools (not including edge tools, ma chine tools, files, and saws). Wire work. Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines. Typewriters and parts. Aircraft. Aluminum manufactures. Clocks, watches, and time-recording devices. Jewelry. Lighting equipment. 3 Silver and plated ware. Smelting and refining— copper, lead, and zinc. Turpentine and rosin. Marble, granite, slate, and other products. Cotton small wares. Hats, fur-felt. Corsets and allied garments. Men’s furnisnings. Beverages. Butter. Sugar, beet. Cottonseed— oil, cake, and meal. Paints and varnishes. Soap. Rubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires, and inner tubes. In conjunction with the reclassification of the radio industry, indexes were reworked because data for the first few months of 1929 were not available and also because in 1931 the census combined the radio and phonograph industries. From data available in the Bureau for a number of firms making radios and phonographs (as distinguished from firms making radios only), combined with data supplied by the Federal Reserve Board for other firms making the same products, it was possible to construct new indexes for the industry, commencing with January 1929. These indexes were then adjusted to harmonize with the census data. 27 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OF REVISION T able 8 .— Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933 [3-year average 1923-25=100] Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery Month and year Blast furnaces, Bolts, nuts, Group index steel works, and washers, and rolling mills rivets Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em Pay ploy rolls ment 103.9 103. 2 97.0 96.7 99.1 100.1 102. 5 105.0 97.2 98.6 96. 6 100.4 102.6 107.8 89. 2 85. 7 69.7 55.0 53.3 29.1 58.6 36.2 104. 5 104. 5 112.5 97.1 96.5 89.5 98.4 99.0 98.0 101.0 103.0 95.7 96.7 96.0 96. 2 100. 6 103.2 109.6 114.0 90.3 87.7 68.4 53.6 74.2 51.5 24.8 60.8 58.5 35.4 71.0 111.5 89.5 99.0 95.6 96.0 101.6 102.4 92.4 87.8 80.4 71.5 45.5 39.2 94.6 101.7 103.7 110.5 98.2 85.3 85.2 75.3 55.1 24.2 19.7 99.6 102.4 98.0 94.6 89.5 74.2 67.6 65.1 98.8 93.2 101.2 98.1 103.4 101.3 103.8 99. 7 105.1 109.2 107.4 110.9 104.5 98. 2 106.8 105. 8 106. 2 104.6 105. 7 109. 5 103. 7 106. 2 100.2 102. 2 98.8 101.7 103.4 103.7 105.8 108.5 105.3 107. 9 107.0 106. 7 104. 6 100. 6 87.0 89.3 92.1 93.9 95.0 98.9 78.3 80.6 87.3 95.1 96.2 102. 5 Em ploy ment 1923_______________ 1924_______________ 1925_______________ 1926 1927_______________ 1928 1929_______________ 1930 1931_______________ 1932 i______________ 1933 i______________ 1923 Pay rolls Em ploy ment Cutlery (not including silver Cast-iron pipe and plated cut lery) and edge tools Pay rolls 93. 5 98.9 101.4 98.8 111.8 113.4 97.8 108. 7 106.1 111. 5 108. 4 103.1 122.0 56.2 33.8 42.1 110.1 101.8 April May _ _ June 101.1 July 100.2 August 98.2 September October 98.9 November 98.8 98.2 December 1924 103.4 104.5 101.2 99. 6 January 100.8 102.4 February 105. 5 111. 2 108. 3 115. 2 M arch 103.8 107. 3 113.4 110.8 117. 6 105.4 106.8 110.8 110. 0 114. 2 April-_ 105.7 99.9 101.9 100. 2 102. 2 M ay_ 103.6 94.7 88.8 93.1 84.6 June 102.4 89.0 77.6 87.4 73. 2 July August 103.0 84.1 84. 9 80. 9 88. 2 99.4 90.4 87. 2 87. 4 83. 6 September 101.2 October 93.0 93.0 91.1 90. 4 98.3 November 92.9 91. 7 91. 4 91. 0 94.9 December 96.0 99.0 96.6 100. 4 1925 96.0 98.9 101. 7 101.3 105. 4 January 99. 2 February 101. 5 105. 2 103.0 106. 6 March 102. 3 105. 6 103. 6 106. 8 101.1 100.9 101.6 100.1 101.1 103. 6 April___ _____ 102. 6 98.9 101.6 98. 8 101. 3 May June _ __ 101.8 97.2 96.4 95. 9 94. 3 103.0 July__ _ _ __ 95.4 90.5 94. 4 87.5 August 104.8 96.6 95.7 94. 3 92. 4 105.1 97.4 93.9 94.8 90. 6 September 105.4 October 99. 2 102.3 96. 0 98.1 103.8 November ___ 100.0 101.4 97. 2 97. 5 105.0 December 101. 7 105.8 100.1 103.9 1926 January____ 104.3 102.4 100. 6 101. 6 101.1 February 106.9 103.3 106.4 102. 4 104. 9 108.7 March. ___ __ _ 103. 2 108.2 102. 2 106.8 110.3 April______ ________ 104.0 107.5 102. 9 106. 0 110.4 103.0 105.1 101. 8 103. 0 M ay____ 112.2 June______________ 101.9 104.5 100. 2 102.1 116. 2 100. 7 98. 7 98. 9 96. 3 July 114.3 102.3 101.9 100.0 98. 4 August____ ______ 114. 2 103.8 105. 2 101. 7 102. 7 September 111. 7 October___ _ _ 103.9 109.7 101.8 107.4 108. 2 102. 7 106. 2 100. 7 104. 2 November 104.3 December__________ 99.9 104.1 98.6 102.6 »Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. 100.1 101.8 100.5 102. 6 98.1 91. 7 98.9 104.5 104.9 103. 5 105.4 104. 5 96.8 101. 3 110.0 103. 2 96.8 90. 0 94. 5 101. 4 102. 4 103. 2 104.8 105.0 103.5 107.4 103.8 110.3 107.8 100.6 106.3 110.5 112.1 113.0 113.3 114.4 115.9 109.7 111.8 110.4 108.4 99.9 97.9 100.3 93.7 87.5 60.4 46.8 42.8 101.8 28 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS T a b l e 8 .— Indexes o f employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933 — Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery—Continued Month and year 1927 January____________ February. ____ March______ _ April___ ________ M ay______ _____ June_____ ____ July_______________ August__ _ __ . September _ __ . ___ October ___ _____ November____ _ . December.._ _ ... 1928 January_____ __ February . . . ____ March. __ _____ April... _ M ay_________ . . June___________ July_______________ August _____ . September. _ October. _ . . . November _ . . . December _ ... . 1929 January___ .. February_________ March_______ _ _ April__ __ _______ M ay____ _ ____ June . _ July__ _. ____ A ugust.___ _ September _ __ October. _ _______ N ovember December 1930 January____ _ __ February March _____ April May .. . June ____ July August ___ Sfipt.p.mhpir October N ovember December 1931 January .. .. February. _ . ---March. _____ _ _ April___ . M ay... .. . . . .. . June.. ----------- July.______________ August . ... --------September October.. _ _ November _ ... _ December__________ Blast furnaces, Bolts, nuts, Group index steel works, and washers, and rolling mills rivets Cutlery (not including silver Cast-iron pipe and plated cut lery) and edge tools Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls 97.4 99.4 100.4 99.9 98.6 96.1 96.2 96.5 95. 5 93.6 92.2 97.3 103.6 106.2 106.2 102.7 101. 6 91.9 96.9 95.2 95.6 92.5 93.0 96. 5 106.0 106. 9 101. 5 99. 7 89. 3 93.6 91.6 91. 9 90.0 90.7 . 105. 3 105. 9 108. 2 106. 4 104.8 102. 5 98.6 96. 0 94. 2 94.9 93.8 99.7 105.1 106.8 107. 6 103. 4 104.1 100. 9 96.1 90. 6 82. 8 87.6 90.9 94.2 95.8 96.0 96.6 96. 7 95.1 97.6 98. 3 99.0 99.9 99.4 89.4 101.4 99.9 102.4 100.1 94.4 106.1 106.0 104.2 90.7 89.8 94.1 100. 7 96.1 102. 7 96.3 100. 7 96.3 103.1 95.8 99. 5 95.1 94.0 96. 5 100. 3 97.1 99.1 97. 7 105. 5 99. 6 106. 6 99.6 104.8 92.0 89.6 93.1 94.2 97.3 97. 5 93.2 93.1 93. 5 91.8 87. 5 85.6 74. 7 83. 7 90.4 90. 5 93.4 86.4 85.4 83. 3 82. 7 85. 8 82.8 84.3 102.3 108.1 109. 7 112.0 113.1 111.4 105. 3 111.3 111. 3 110. 5 102.6 96.1 92.7 100.5 99.2 99.8 97.3 92.5 79.8 78. 6 76.3 76.4 69. 0 66. 6 62.0 66.4 68.6 67.7 63.7 57.0 52.4 50.8 45.5 44.2 41.4 40.8 100.4 . . 103.8 105. 3 105. 7 105. 3 106. 5 105. 5 103.1 101. 8 96. 9 97. 7 99. 5 98. 6 98. 6 97. 9 94.1 89. 5 85. 6 83.1 81. 7 79. 7 77. 8 76.5 76.3 77.1 76.6 73.8 69.5 67.9 65.7 62.3 59.4 58.0 58.0 84. 5 79.7 84. 7 86.0 87.8 90.8 92.8 94. 3 94. 4 91.7 85. 6 81.5 77.4 78.9 82.4 84.9 85. 7 86. 5 83.9 82.3 81. 0 79.1 74.0 68. 7 67.3 71.1 73.4 76.3 77.1 75.4 74.4 73.1 69.8 67.7 66.4 75. 5 79. 4 78. 9 83. 2 84. 7 88. 4 92.4 94. 0 94. 1 90. 8 82. 3 79.1 68.4 74. 6 81.2 85. 0 85.9 83.1 77. 7 75.9 75. 5 72.3 64.2 59. 2 54.9 59.3 64.0 68.3 65.6 57.6 57.8 53.0 45.7 44.8 44.3 45.4 100.6 99.4 100.8 102.1 102.9 104.1 104.4 103. 5 105. 2 105.4 104. 2 101. 7 97.1 95.9 97. 5 96. 6 96. 3 95. 6 92. 3 88. 0 85.1 83. 4 82. 3 79. 9 77. 5 75.1 75.1 75.9 75.5 73.4 70.6 68.9 68.0 65.7 64.0 62.5 61.3 100.0 100.6 100.0 Em ploy ment 96.9 98. 5 . 99. 7 99. 0 98.9 95. 3 94.2 93.8 92.8 91.3 90.1 100 0 101 2 102 6 Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls 102 6 102.1 102.6 104.6 109. 7 112. 2 115.0 116.4 114. 5 107.8 114.1 112. 5 109.9 102. 7 95.3 95.0 104.5 103.5 104. 5 101.6 95.8 81. 6 79.2 76. 2 76.2 68.3 66.3 62.7 69.3 72.3 71.4 65.4 56.2 49.5 47.0 40.3 37.6 35.2 35.8 77.3 78.0 78.8 78.4 78.7 78.2 74.0 73.2 68.9 69.3 67.8 67.7 59.8 63.5 65.8 65.6 64.5 61.8 54.2 53.7 46.9 46.9 45.3 45.8 66.0 Em ploy Pay ment rolls 76.1 76.7 77.4 78.5 74.9 73.7 72.4 71.4 72.4 72.7 72.6 71.8 65.0 65.4 65.4 64.8 60.0 59.6 55.6 52.5 57.4 56.6 54.6 68.1 29 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OF REVISION 8 . — Indexes o f employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued T able [3-year average 1923-25=100] Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery—Continued Month and year 19321 January------- -----February ---------March. __ April— --------M ay... ---- -- -June. July ____ - _ - _ August----------------September. --------- . October_____. .. .. November--------- ... December____ __ . 19331 January--------------February. ____ ._ March________ ____ April. _ . --------M ay... ---------------June______ .. . .. July_______________ August... ---September _ ... . October. _________ November _ _ December... _ 1 Blast furnaces, Bolts, nuts, Group index steel works, and washers, and rolling mills rivets Cutlery (not including silver Cast-iron pipe and plated cut lery) and edge tools Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment 59.4 59.6 58.5 56.5 54.3 52.4 49.4 48.7 49.8 51.1 51.1 49.3 36.3 37.1 35.5 32.3 30.7 27.2 23.4 23.5 24.8 27.2 26.4 24.6 57.6 57.8 56.8 55.1 53.0 50.6 47.6 46.4 47.3 48.8 49.0 .48.0 31.8 33.1 31.7 28.4 27.3 22.5 18.9 18.8 19.6 22.3 67.8 67.2 64.5 62.9 56.7 60.8 59.4 57.2 57.8 59.1 58.3 58.4 44.2 43.1 39.3 36.3 32.1 33.1 29.3 27.0 27.4 31.1 31.9 31.1 61.2 56.6 51.3 47.1 45.4 42.1 43.2 41.3 37.8 39.9 40.5 39.1 37.4 34.1 31.1 28.0 24.5 21.5 20.9 19.4 19.4 18.2 17.5 18.2 70.3 73.9 74.4 74.8 73.4 68.5 61.8 62.6 63.2 64.0 63.7 60.9 52.1 56.3 54.9 55.4 53.1 46.3 40.3 39.4 39.0 43.7 42.2 39.2 46.5 48.7 46.0 47.2 49.8 54.6 62.1 69.8 71.8 70.2 67.9 67.0 20.7 56.8 57.9 56.1 57.8 61.5 69.2 78.2 84.2 86.0 84.2 81.4 78.4 28.6 30.2 26.0 27.2 33.7 43.8 49.3 53.4 54.3 54.5 53.6 50.8 36.4 31.6 26.1 31.7 33.0 39.6 43.2 44.1 45.9 47.3 45.0 47.0 16.1 13.7 13.5 15.2 16.2 19.7 22.1 23.3 22.3 23.2 23.8 27.5 57.4 58.9 53.8 55.5 57.7 60.2 61.4 68.6 74.9 78.5 78.0 76.3 35.2 37.4 26.6 31.2 36.8 41.6 44.4 46.8 50.8 54.2 54.1 54.9 46.8 49.0 46.8 48.1 51.0 55.7 61.8 68.4 71.4 69.8 67.9 66.6 22.8 24.8 22.7 24.6 29.8 36.2 41.4 50.0 47.5 47.6 43.3 43.7 22.2 21.1 22.8 20.6 22.6 27.8 34.8 41.4 53.1 47.9 48.0 42.2 43.0 Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. 91911°—35-----3 Pay rolls Em Pay ploy rolls ment 30 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued T able [3-year average 1923-25=100] Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery—Continued Month and year Forgings, iron and steel Em ploy ment Pay rolls 1923_______________ 116.5 1924_______________ 97.4 1925_______________ 86.1 1926_______________ 1927_______________ 65.5 1928_______________ 1929_______________ 87.8 1930_______________ 1931_______________ 41.9 1932 i______________ 35.8 1933 i______________ 40.8 1923 January. _________ February________ M arch.T_______ __ April____ ____ ____ M ay________ ... .. June.. _ __________ July_______________ August_________ ... September.. _____ O ctober.__________ November ______ December 1924 January.. _______ February ______ March ___ April ____ . . . . M ay. _______ ___ June . _____ Ju ly .. _ _________ August __________ September ______ October _ ______ _____ November December _____ 1925 January _____ February ____ March _ ______ A p r il...___________ May . ______ June. _. .. ____ J u ly.. ____________ August ____ September. _ ______ October_________November_________ December ______ 1926 January _ ____ . . . February _ ___ March _____ April _______ TVTay ___ June _ ___ July . ______ _ August. _ _ . 113.9 97.4 88.7 66.7 97.8 32.5 19.9 25.0 September October "NTnyem ber ___ December---------------- Hardware Em ploy ment 101.6 96.6 99.8 102. 9 101. 4 102. 0 99. 0 96. 0 89. 7 88.3 91.8 94. 4 95. 8 97.5 98.9 100. 5 101.3 101. 5 101.4 98.1 101. 4 102.3 103.9 104.8 105.8 101.6 Pay rolls 89.9 89.5 100.0 110.5 94.6 87.2 48.0 27.6 31.1 Em ploy ment 97.7 . 99.3 92. 4 91.6 78. 3 67.1 46.5 49.5 101.7 98.0 100.3 105. 5 101.6 94.4 92. 4 69. 0 46.3 24.7 26.4 106.0 103.5 95.0 96.0 99.0 100.5 104. 2 105. 8 96.2 97.5 94. 0 93. 5 99.3 98.8 83.1 74. 3 69.4 53.4 57.3 35.0 68.7 43.9 99. 5 . 105. 0 104. 8 104.8 104. 6 103. 8 104. 2 103. 4 102. 0 98. 0 94.7 100. 3 102. 4 105. 9 105. 5 105. 5 105. 3 101. 5 96. 4 100. 6 102. 7 97. 2 97.0 107. 4 109.1 111. 6 110. 3 109. 5 109.1 100. 0 100. 3 103. 6 105. 0 105. 4 10L 0 . 105. 107. 104. 9 102. 4 94.3 83. 3 82.3 86. 4 92. 5 96. 2 97.8 96. 6 98. 4 101. 5 103. 4 101.1 99. 3 95. 8 96. 8 97. 3 97. 6 95. 4 89.7 95. 2 103. 2 107.9 107. 8 105. 2 100. 5 93. 4 94. 2 97. 0 100. 2 85. 3 86.6 85. 6 80. 9 99. 2 102. 0 99. 8 106. 6 97. 3 102. 9 97. 0 99. 5 95. 0 94. 4 79. 5 73.1 90. 5 85. 0 95. 4 95. 9 106.3 101. o 100. 8 101. 2 98.4 103.6 99. 6 104.0 104.9 98. 5 104.4 101. 2 98.0 104. 0 98.9 107.6 108.8 112. 7 96. 2 97. 0 98. 4 104. 2 98. 4 103. 7 97. 3 95.1 97. 0 98. 0 97.0 94. 2 97. 3 94.8 99.8 99. 9 102.1 96. 0 106.0 109. 4 106.0 105.1 105. 6 106. 2 81.8 . . 102. 7 ! 104. 4 95.1 92.5 96. 9 99. 3 97.9 98. 0 85. 4 81.8 97. 3 96. 3 102. 7 102.0 107. 8 115.9 110. 5 118. 0 106. 6 112. 7 100.1 86.5 93. 8 96. 7 97. 4 102.9 104. 3 100.1 m 5 102. 8 106. 7 103. 4 103. 5 102 6 8 6 106.4 110.8 106. 7 111. 7 105. 2 115. 2 104.4 108.8 101.6 107.7 98.9 103.4 97.2 97.9 98.0 104.2 98.7 102.9 98.5 106.3 98.1 105.1 95.4 101.9 100.1 110.0 96.7 92.5 65.1 51.1 58.2 102.2 100.1 102 6 101 6 98.9 104. 3 111. 5 110.1 110.1 6 108. 90.1 92. 4 101. 4 105.9 104. 9 104.3 86 8 100 0 100 8 103.8 106. 0 94. 7 94.0 106. 0 108. 9 103. 0 104.5 104.9 109. 4 104. 5 107.5 104. 4 107.1 106. 2 110.8 102.9 105. 6 104.1 105.7 103.7 109.1 103.4 103.1 88.6 100.7 101.8 95.5 100.4 103. 3 105.9 103.6 103.8 107.3 107.2 109.0 107.9 111.4 119.3 102.8 99.6 100.1 111.3 117.8 95.0 96.9 105. 3 i Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available, Stoves Em ploy Pay ment rolls 96.3 103.6 106. 3 93.0 96.1 92. 8 96. 0 101. 7 106.9 88.6 81. 6 70.3 58.9 55.1 35.5 55.8 36.1 99. 4 . . 104. 4 102.3 102. 5 103. 7 103. 4 101. 5 101. 2 98. 0 98. 4 Em ploy ment Steam and hotwater heating apparatus and steam fittings Pay rolls Pay rolls 101.8 100.8 101 0 102 8 Plumbers’ supplies mo 31 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OP REVISION T a b l e 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery—Continued Month and year Forgings, iron and steel Em ploy ment Pay rolls 1927 1928 Em ploy ment 95. 9 96. 8 97.0 96.1 94. 7 93.8 90. 7 87. 9 91. 7 91.1 90. 2 89.8 April _ __ - _____ May ___- ______ May June - __July August September October ___ November ___- December 1929 January _ __ February March April May _ __ _ June July August September ___ _ October November December 1930 January February March ApHl __ __ ___ May June -July - ________ August September ______ October November __ __ December__________ 1931 January___February_____ _____ March-------------------April______ _____ M ay. - - _____ _ June. -_ _ -_ -. July_______________ August____ ________ September_________ October____ ... November_______ December__________ Hardware Pay rolls . 103. 7 104.1 101.4 99. 1 97. 4 89. 5 89. 4 92.0 93. 2 90.9 91.9 Em ploy ment Pay rolls Stoves Em ploy Pay ment rolls 95. 7 96.8 91.3 105.6 97.6 99. 5 104. 7 100.3 99.8 103.2 98.3 99. 2 103.4 98.9 104. 2 98. 6 100. 2 101.0 100.8 83.0 101. 7 106. 1 94.5 103. 7 105. 5 99.1 104.6 101.0 101. 6 96.6 93.1 98.8 91.9 91.6 93.1 100 2 100.1 89.4 92.2 93.8 94.0 94.4 94.4 90.8 97.9 94. 0 94.3 90.5 83. 6 99. 3 103. 7 102. 3 110. 7 103. 5 110. 3 101. 4 107. 8 102. 4 109.8 102. 3 109.0 102.8 101. 6 99. 9 104. 7 103. 3 107.6 103. 6 109.0 103. 7 100.8 99.9 103.6 93. 0 96.8 95. 1 94.1 90.8 89.4 85.4 89.9 90.8 93.2 92.8 98. 96. 94. 4 92.9 89. 6 85.4 81.7 82. 7 81.9 80.0 79.3 97.1 99.0 93. 5 88. 6 86.8 81. 2 73. 2 71. 7 72. 2 73. 6 71.0 70.7 76.6 75.9 75.8 75.0 73.8 72.0 69.3 66.3 65.4 65.5 64.7 63.6 65.0 65.9 67.4 65.7 65.3 60.3 55.3 55.3 49.7 53.4 51.8 51.2 100.1 6 6 36.1 34.4 35.2 38.0 35.2 30.0 29.9 32.1 28.4 29.2 31.3 29.8 Em ploy ment Steam and hotwater heating apparatus and steam fittings 88.4 96.7 95.1 92.2 92.4 94. 7 89.4 93. 7 96.8 101.9 104.2 106. 2 89.4 90. 7 91. 3 90.1 90. 7 91. 9 88. 9 92. 8 95. 3 95. 7 97. 7 98. 9 45.2 42.1 40.9 40.5 39.9 38.5 39.2 42.2 43.2 42.3 45.0 43.3 Pay rolls Plumbers’ supplies 70.1 70.0 69.0 65.2 64.5 64.6 65.6 63.8 62.3 63.8 62.2 59.5 50.7 52.7 50.7 47.5 48.6 48.4 51.0 50.6 45.1 47.9 42.4 40.5 90.0 103.3 101.5 100.7 100. 2 80.1 96.5 99.5 103.7 99.0 93.9 101.2 86.3 97.2 97.3 94.4 99.0 98.5 92.7 101.3 95. 3 95.9 90.7 84.1 77.7 88.5 90. 5 92.7 94.6 95.4 88.0 95.3 99.3 104.3 102.8 98.8 88.1 91.3 .4 99.8 96.8 93. 2 89.6 83. 5 89. 7 92.1 97.6 90. 5 82.6 96.0 98. 6 100. 7 101.3 100.7 94.0 100.3 106.4 109.9 102.0 93.7 83.0 95.7 98.1 100.9 102.7 100.5 91.2 97.4 106.0 115.9 99.8 93.9 83.0 85. 4 83. 7 82.2 81.0 75.2 72.6 74. 6 75. 2 75. 9 76.1 74.6 75.8 80.9 78.0 76.7 72. 7 66.3 62. 2 63. 2 62.8 65. 6 62. 6 61.3 81.0 89. 8 89.0 88.4 87.0 86.7 78.1 81.8 81.6 83.1 80. 2 70.1 74.6 84.0 84.5 81.6 79.1 81.3 65.0 69.8 73.4 75.7 66.6 56.0 73.8 72.8 73.0 70.2 68.1 66.7 65.3 63.2 62.8 65.7 63.5 59.5 57.8 57.7 54.6 51.3 47.9 45.6 43.6 42.1 38.4 43.1 38.3 34.8 60.0 68.2 73.5 74.5 73.9 71.6 63.2 69.0 73.3 74.1 69.4 62.3 45.7 55.7 59.4 59.1 59.6 54.8 47.4 52.1 57.5 58.3 49.7 41.5 102 88.1 73.1 90.4 90.0 93.0 93.8 94.7 82.7 89.9 99.0 111.1 104.8 99.3 32 EE VISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY EOLLS T able 8 .— Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average, 1923-25=100] Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery—Continued Month and year 19321 January____________ February__________ March____________ April____ _________ May_______________ June.. -- _______ July_______________ August____________ September_________ October____________ November. _ _______ December__________ 19331 January_____ ______ February_______ _ March_____________ April______________ May_______________ June_______________ July____________ . August____________ September_______ October____________ November_______ December__________ Forgings, iron and steel Hardware Steam and hotPlumbers’ sup water heating plies apparatus and steam fittings Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment 41.3 41.1 41.7 36.1 37.0 35.8 33.7 32.6 30.7 33.9 32.6 32.8 26.6 26.5 25.3 20.4 20.5 19.8 19.2 15.9 13.9 16.4 16.7 17.7 62.4 61.5 60.6 58.8 56.1 55.1 50.1 48.8 50.9 51.8 52.5 52.4 48.2 46.0 44.4 39.9 35.9 34.4 27.5 26.7 28.9 31.0 31.2 32.0 60.1 58.6 55.7 55.0 54.5 54.1 52.2 50.2 42.7 43.5 47.2 39.2 34.8 34.3 31.5 30.2 30.1 30.0 24.8 27.6 22.1 23.0 25.5 16.9 54.7 55.7 54.1 48.6 41.9 41.8 40.3 41.1 44.0 46.2 47.7 42.2 29.7 31.3 28.7 26.1 22.5 22.6 20.4 20.7 22.5 26.0 24.6 21.0 51.7 58.9 59.9 60.1 58.1 53.9 47.5 50.8 60.2 64.4 64.1 57.7 32.4 37.7 37.5 36.0 34.5 30.8 26.6 29.2 38.7 45.6 38.9 31.7 32.5 31.7 30.9 31.2 34.6 38.9 41.3 46.8 51.2 47.2 51.1 52.0 17.2 15.9 14.6 14.9 20.2 25.0 26.6 31.9 31.0 31.6 34.4 36.2 50.9 51.5 49.4 49.6 *51.2 55.3 58.8 63.0 62.2 58.2 57.9 61.0 28.7 29.6 26.4 26.8 31.4 37.6 42.4 44.2 42.5 39.1 38.9 45.1 37.5 46.4 50.0 45.5 56.8 65.6 69.6 68.9 74.6 69.5 58.6 55.8 15.5 20.7 26.2 22.0 33.6 41.7 39.0 39.1 42.9 37.4 27.6 27.3 38.9 43.2 37.9 42.2 45.6 49.6 53.3 57.8 59.9 55.4 56.3 54.4 18.4 17.7 19.9 24.0 27.6 30.2 33.7 33.5 30.7 30.6 30.8 43.9 50.0 48.8 52.5 56.6 62.1 70.0 80.4 91.1 96.2 93.5 79.1 22.7 28.4 26.7 30.6 35.8 41.2 46.8 53.8 61.5 69.3 61.2 48.8 Pay rolls Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. Stoves Em Em ploy Pay ploy ment rolls ment 20.1 Pay rolls 33 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OF REVISION 8 . — Indexes o f employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , b y years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued T able [3-year average 1923-25=100] Month and year 1923_______________ 1924_______________ 1925_______________ 1926 1927_______________ 1928 1929_______________ 1930 1931_______________ 19321______________ 1933 i______________ 1923 April JimA •Tilly August, September Ofitnhpx _ November December Machinery, Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery— not including Continued transportation equipment Tools, not in Structural and Tin cans and cluding edge ornamental other tinware tools, machine Wire work Group index tools, files, metal work and saws Em Em Em Em Em ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls 104.4 104.0 101.0 97.7 105.7 103.1 93.1 89.6 105.8 104.0 97.7 96.6 100.0 100.0 102.2 101.8 100.0 100.0 95.1 95.3 97.9 99.4 99.0 102.3 92.1 95.1 106.9 110.4 99.1 100.7 107.5 109.9 107.8 111.2 106.1 108.8 98.4 104.2 91.7 95.6 120.4 122.5 102.3 106.0 105.1 111.3 106.5 111.0 111.2 112.8 104.3 113.6 107.6 117.8 124.2 129.3 125.9 134.2 98.9 94.2 104.6 102.2 76.0 61.5 83.7 83.3 60.4 51.1 95.6 80.6 78.3 63.9 50.8 31.1 73.8 67.3 46.5 32.2 90.3 61.9 56.3 36.1 46.1 26.3 78.7 70.6 48.9 34.7 103.3 75.7 58.9 37.9 94.3 94. 6 98.9 89.8 95.4 95. 7 102.9 94.4 99.8 100.2 106.0 101.2 101.1 100.8 108.7 107.1 102.9 103.3 108.6 109.8 108.1 109.1 108.6 110.7 108.3 106.6 105.5 107.7 112. 2 108.9 106.7 104.8 107.4 106.0 111.6 106. 7 105.0 106.8 109.9 110.3 108.0 106.8 104.8 105.4 104.2 103. 7 103.4 105. 5 98.9 101.8 103.0 102.6 101. 2 101.8 102.0 105.1 99.1 98.5 103.0 106.7 98.1 99.2 105.3 101.8 98.7 98. 6 97.0 99. 7 98.8 100.8 93.1 93.8 98.2 93. 7 89.1 84.2 98.7 96. 6 88.9 85. 5 98.2 94.6 89.6 86.6 93.5 94.3 90.4 89.5 91.5 87.7 90.6 89.1 94.1 95.6 93.2 94.9 93.8 91.3 93.9 94.6 93.9 95.8 96. 2 99. 2 94.4 96. 5 97.0 100.4 94.4 94.9 97. 7 98. 7 97.9 101.1 96.8 101.2 98.9 103.0 97.6 99.3 102.2 102.9 97.0 96.9 101.2 101.8 98.0 97.9 100.2 100.2 98.1 96.9 101.3 104. 0 102.9 104.8 104.8 107.8 98.8 100.3 98.3 103. 5 106.5 111.3 97.9 95.0 107.2 108 . 5 1924 January__ February March. __ April____ M ay_______________ June____________ July_____ August_________ September______ _ October______ __ November_________ December_____ _ 1925 January. __ ___ February. ................... March____________ April___ ______ _ M ay______________ June___________ _ _ July_______________ August____ ____ _ __ September_________ October_____. . . November_________ December.............. . 1926 January____________ February__________ 1 0 0 .0 103 . 7 March________ _ 1 0 0 .6 1 0 4 .6 April______________ 1 0 3.7 106 . 5 M ay_______ _______ 1 0 5 .8 109 . 5 June____________ ._ 1 0 8 .0 1 1 2 .6 July_______________ 1 1 3.9 1 1 2 .8 August — ____ 1 1 4 .0 116 . 7 September........ ..... _ 1 1 4.8 1 1 3 .0 October__________ 1 1 2.8 1 1 7 .0 November_________ 1 0 9.9 1 1 2 .2 December.................... 1 0 8.6 1 1 5 .0 Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. 1 0 8 .7 109 . 7 109.1 108.1 107 . 7 106 . 8 1 0 6.9 108 . 2 108 . 6 106 . 7 106.4 1 1 2 .8 1 1 4 .9 1 1 3 .4 1 1 1.9 1 1 2.8 1 0 7 .0 109 . 7 108 . 2 113. 3 1 0 9 .8 111.8 34 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS 8 . — Indexes o f employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued T able [3-year average 1923-25=100] Month and year 1927 January____ ______ February___ _______ March. _________ April___ _ ____ M ay______________ June. _ _________ J u ly ..._____ ___ August___ ______ September________ October__________. November.. ______ Decem ber.______ 1928 January_______ . .. February _ ________ March. 1__________ April____ ____ _ ... M ay.. ___________ June______________ July___ ___________ August.._ _____ September. _ ____ October_____ ____ November_________ December__________ 1929 January____________ February _________ M arch.. __________ April______________ M a y .____________ June.. ______ ___ July_______________ August___ _______ September_________ October.. •_________ November_______ December................... 1930 January..________ February _________ March____________ April___ _____ _____ M ay_____ _______ June______________ July_______________ August____________ September.. . . . ___ October________ ... November________ December_________ 1931 January_______ ... February. _______ March_____________ April---------------------M ay_______________ June............................. July_______________ August____________ September. _ ______ October____ _____ November______... December......... .......... Machinery, not including Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery- transportation continued equipmentcontinued Tools, not in Structural and Tin cans and cluding edge ornamental other tinware tools, machine Wirework Group index metal work tools, files, and saws Em Em Em Em Em ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls 104.2 104.6 104. 2 105. 3 106.0 107.6 107.8 109.8 108.9 106.2 104.6 104.1 101.9 102.2 101.1 101.4 104.8 107.6 107.1 111.2 110. 6 109. 2 109.2 112.1 107.7 107.3 107. 6 108.0 109.8 111. 6 113.7 116.1 117. 0 115.7 111. 9 108.3 104.6 101. 7 100.6 101.6 102.3 103.0 98.7 97.6 94.0 90.8 89.5 84.5 81.2 80.8 79.2 77.5 76.1 76.9 77.1 74.1 70.0 68.0 66.3 102.6 103.7 106. 5 106.8 104. 5 109.0 112. 5 109.3 116.3 109.4 110. 6 106.3 110. 5 105. 2 106.3 105.9 104.9 103.3 103. 3 100.9 100.4 99.7 100.3 98. 7 98.4 98.1 99. 5 101.6 105. 5 104.6 105. 5 111. 7 113.1 110.0 115.7 113. 2 118.4 116. 3 116.5 105.9 108.9 108. 6 110. 8 112. 5 113. 3 112.4 119. 3 120. 5 121.2 111.7 108.8 99.3 98. 5 97. 6 101.8 101. 8 101.5 93.7 95. 6 90.9 88.6 80. 6 80. 2 71.8 68.8 68.2 64.9 65.0 62.9 65.3 62.1 58.1 52.9 49.9 48.3 101.1 101.8 86.2 87.7 87.8 90.1 88.4 86.0 85.7 86.5 80.8 76.2 73.3 75.3 87.7 85.5 90.8 93.0 87.2 85.5 84.8 84.7 81.3 75.1 71.6 72.3 62.8 62.4 62.6 62.6 60.4 60.5 60.9 58.2 59.6 58.7 57.6 58.1 52.9 55.0 55.8 56.1 54.1 51.9 51.1 48.3 45.7 48.3 46.9 47.1 88.2 86.0 89.1 89.9 91.1 92.9 94.3 104.2 101.7 102.6 104.1 103.0 74.6 75.3 81.9 78.8 80.5 81.9 80.3 88.2 81.0 83.6 80.7 80.2 103.1 103.9 104.2 105. 7 108. 3 110.1 111. 7 113. 5 114. 5 118.1 121. 2 123. 7 127. 2 130.1 132.7 133.6 132.6 132. 5 125. 6 119.5 116.1 115. 5 114. 4 112.3 109. 2 105. 9 101. 8 98.1 99.1 97. 6 94. 3 91.3 87.7 87.4 85.5 84.1 82.1 79.3 76.1 73.2 73.6 71.4 69.8 68.9 107.8 111.9 112.3 110.6 109.4 108.5 102.3 103.9 100.0 103.0 99.3 103.4 100.4 104. 7 107.8 107.9 109.9 112.1 108.6 111.5 112.9 118.8 118.1 122.4 119.6 128.1 133.7 136. 2 140.3 140.4 137.3 139.6 138.8 141.1 129.3 126.0 119.3 120.1 119. 3 117. 2 112. 6 107.2 95.8 91.9 91.3 89.9 82.0 80.0 74.4 76.0 75.3 73.0 71.0 66.0 60.7 58.4 54.6 54.1 51.9 1 51.9 35 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OF REVISION 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1923 to 1933 , and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued T able [3-year average 1923-25=100] Machinery, not including Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery— transportation Continued equipment— Continued Month and year 19321 January___ ____ February__________ March_____________ April______________ M ay______________ June_______________ July_______________ August________ ____ September_________ October___________ November_________ December__________ 19331 January____________ February ____ __ March.. _____... _ April______________ May______________ June_______________ July___________ .. August____________ Septem ber.._____ October____________ November_________ December_______ Structural and Tin cans and ornamental other tinware metal work Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment 62.7 59.3 58.0 55.4 52.7 50.8 48.2 47.6 45.5 43.9 42.9 42.6 43.7 39.7 37.2 35.2 33.0 29.3 27.2 27.2 25.8 25.5 25.5 23.7 73.5 71.9 72.6 72.9 71.1 75.8 74.2 74.7 80.3 75.9 72.4 70.3 66.9 69.6 67.7 70.5 72.9 78.0 81.8 89.8 92.3 85.0 83.9 86.4 40.6 39.7 40.4 41.0 40.6 42.0 45.5 49.3 53.9 54.6 53.3 52.7 20.1 18.8 18.7 20.1 21.6 22.8 24.0 29.7 33.7 35.9 35.4 34. 2 Tools, not in cluding edge tools, machine tools, files, and saws Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment 70.6 68.8 67.6 64.3 63.9 66.4 76.9 69.7 61.3 62.4 54.8 54.4 51.8 50.8 48.7 46.2 41.9 38.4 41.8 42.6 43.7 43.2 41.3 42.5 39.6 37.0 33.6 31.3 24.3 22.1 27.1 29.3 29.8 29.0 97.0 98.6 94.7 91.8 91.1 90.4 84.2 87.0 89.4 88.2 87.0 84.2 71.0 78.4 75.3 65.3 65.6 60.7 49.2 54.7 58. 2 59.2 56.4 48.6 58.4 58.4 56.4 60.7 67.0 73.9 77.6 80.8 81.9 75.6 74.7 81. 5 42.0 41.9 39.4 39.7 41.0 44.6 49.4 54.9 56.7 58.8 59.0 58.9 27.6 25.6 22.6 22.7 25.9 33.3 38.4 41.7 43.0 45.1 44.9 45. 5 81.7 86.0 84.3 84.5 89.7 100.6 109.4 117.8 124.3 123. 7 118.3 118.8 46.6 53.9 48.0 53.7 66.6 80.6 89.4 103.4 94.2 95.7 84.9 91. 6 66.6 68.6 i Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. Wirework Pay rolls Group index Em ploy Pay ment rolls 64.0 60.7 58.4 55.3 52.3 50.1 50.4 51.0 51.1 50.6 47.5 47.5 44.6 40.9 38.0 34.4 30.6 29.0 29.7 30.6 30.2 30.3 48.1 48.7 47.1 47.7 50.1 54.2 58. 1 64.5 69.8 73.0 73.3 71.8 28.2 28.7 26.2 26.8 30.6 35.6 39.1 43.5 46.6 50.2 50.2 49.1 66.1 66.0 36 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS T able 8 .— Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1928 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1983— Continued [3-year average, 1923-25=100] Machinery, not including transportation equipment—Continued Month and year Agricultural implements Cash registers, Electrical ma Engines, tur adding ma Foundry and appa bines, tractors, machine-shop chines, and chinery, ratus, and and water calculating products supplies wheels machines Em ploy ment Em ploy ment Pay rolls Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment 1923110.0 109.9 107.4 105.1 103.0 100.1 99.1 1924.. 88.1 88.7 97.2 97.3 97.9 99.2 96.0 1925101.9 101.4 95.4 97.6 99.1 100.7 104.9 115.4 115.3 119.1 1926111.3 118. 5 125.9 103.1 100.4 (2) 1927(2) 113.2 137.9 152.4 19281929147.9 160.0 120.8 137.3 127.3 134.4 125.3 107.1 109.3 106.1 1930110.7 106.9 62.3 51.9 87.3 69.1 80.9 68.7 68.1 193139.2 32.4 75.4 50.6 56.8 37.1 42.4 19321. 1933 i. 44.5 37.7 79.5 56.4 51.3 33.6 44.8 1923 January____ 107.0 99.4 90.1 120.0 February___ 114.4 90.1 March_____ 125.3 123. 7 96.9 124.9 125.0 April----------101.8 M ay_______ 122.3 125.9 103.3 June_______ 116.7 116.3 105.1 108.3 106.2 July________ 103.9 103.4 102.9 August_____ 103.0 September... 98.8 98. 2 101.4 October____ 95.6 98.2 98.6 November... 97.8 102.1 98.9 99.4 106. 2 December__ 96.4 1924 January____ 103.1 108.2 93.0 February___ 105.3 111.2 97.8 March_____ 105. 6 111.4 99.0 98.4 101.9 April_______ 100.5 M ay----------88.8 93.6 100.1 June_______ 77.6 78.4 98.3 July________ 71.2 66.4 97.1 73.4 70.6 August_____ 96.1 September... 75.3 71.4 92.6 October____ 81.0 77.4 92.0 November. 85.7 81.8 92.2 December— 92.3 92.5 92.7 1925 January____ 94.1 90.4 93.7 February___ 99.7 100.3 99.2 March_____ 103.1 105.0 102.5 April----------104.1 105.3 102.9 M ay_______ 101.3 102.2 105.1 June_______ 97.9 96.3 106.4 July-----------94.2 90.9 107.6 August_____ 99.7 97.9 108.9 September... 101.6 93.6 108.3 October____ 104.9 105.6 108.4 November... 109.5 111.5 107.3 December— 112.7 118.2 108.1 1926 January____ 118.0 120.6 109.5 February___ 120.7 125.3 112.2 March_____ 125.1 120.0 113.5 April_______ 120.0 125.1 116.2 116.4 121.6 M ay_______ 117.5 114.3 118.9 June_______ 116.7 108.6 110.7 117.5 July________ 119.0 111.7 117.1 August_____ September... 111.8 109.6 118.0 117.0 October____ 112.7 115.5 114.3 116.5 112.9 November. 114.9 115.4 122.9 December.... i Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available, a Not comparable. Pay rolls Em ploy Pay ment rolls 99.5 96.7 103.8 119.2 119.3 125.5 138.9 107.2 54.0 24.0 25.7 83.5 83.3 94.0 105.0 105.8 107.9 101.3 103.3 101.1 103.9 103.1 108.4 93.9 97.7 103.3 97.7 98.8 111.3 94.2 69.7 50.4 52.6 101.8 96.8 102.8 103.8 105.8 104.7 103.6 92.7 94.3 89.8 90.7 86.0 89.9 91.1 99.9 104.3 101.4 105.7 105.8 106.1 106.4 101.4 105.1 109.2 108.6 109.6 114.4 117.1 121.0 122.6 122.4 119.4 123.1 121.0 122.2 116.7 120.3 101.1 106.0 108.7 111.7 112.5 111.9 111.5 110.6 106.3 105.5 103.3 103.2 112.2 101.1 102.2 101.7 96.0 92.1 87.5 87.6 87.8 87.9 88.5 91.4 93.5 96.2 97.1 97.9 98.2 98.6 96.9 96.7 97.7 99.2 99.7 100.6 101.0 103.8 105.6 105.6 104.6 104.3 103.3 103.7 104.0 102.7 100.0 100.6 106.7 93.6 99.7 107.4 99.9 102.6 117.9 89.0 55.4 31.1 32.8 92.1 97.8 104.4 111.7 114.0 115.1 110.1 108.4 109.0 108.6 105.1 104.4 100.5 103.9 106.7 105.7 98.6 91.2 80.8 83.5 84.5 86.9 87.5 93.9 94.7 100.4 101.8 99.6 101.9 100.1 95.9 96.9 94.0 102.0 102.8 105.9 103.2 109.3 112.4 111.0 109.8 110.4 103.8 107.0 104.7 107.8 103.3 105.5 37 CHAP. 4.— BESULTS OF BEVISION 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1928 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1983— Continued T able [3-year average, 1923-25=100] Machinery, not including transportation equipment—Continued Month and year 1927 March _______ April __ __ ___ M ay_______________ July -- _______ Angnat____________ November_____ __ 1928 January__________ March________ _ __ April______________ May ____________ June.. _________ __ July _ __ August _ ____ September _____ October___________ November _______ December ______ 1929 January _ ________ February __ ____ March _ _______ A pril______ _______ M ay______________ .Tune _ __________ July _ _____ August _______ September _____ October________ - November. _ _____ December__________ 1930 January____________ February___ ______ March . ____ ___ _ April___ __________ M a y .___ _______ J u n e ..__ _______ July__ _ ________August— _____ September_________ October. ______ ____ November_________ D ecem ber.._____ _ 1931 January-----------------February__________ March_____________ April______________ M ay__________ .. . June_______________ July_______________ August------------------September_________ October-------------- . November_________ December................ . Agricultural implements Cash registers, Electrical ma Engines, tur adding ma Foundry and appa bines, tractors, machine-shop chines, and chinery, ratus, and and water calculating products supplies wheels machines Em ploy ment Em ploy ment 116.4 120.6 121.6 119.4 117.6 116.7 113.0 115.4 113. 5 118.5 120.6 128.3 133.0 137.0 140.5 139.9 139. 2 139. 2 135.1 133.4 131.7 138.2 141.1 146.9 152.4 159. 0 161. 7 167.5 163. 2 156.1 149. 0 140.1 130.0 130. 5 131.2 134. 6 139. 2 143.3 144. 5 136.2 127. 5 109.6 95.9 84.0 85.1 86.4 87.3 89.8 95.6 93.8 83.0 75.6 64.1 57.5 47.6 43.3 43.5 45.0 47.8 51.2 Pay rolls Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls 120.2 129.6 128.2 128.0 127.4 123.8 117.0 124.3 117.1 126.2 128.8 140.5 145.3 152. 6 158. 7 156.2 155. 5 155. 0 146. 7 149.0 140. 5 152. 5 154.1 163. 2 163. 7 177.1 182.1 187. 4 182. 4 169. 0 154. 6 150. 6 133.1 138. 9 135.4 146.1 147. 2 155. 4 158. 4 145.1 127. 5 101. 4 80. 3 72. 2 71.5 73.8 73.8 76.3 86.1 86.2 70.7 58.7 50.1 45.1 40.0 36.0 35.4 36.0 37.9 40.5 93.6 91.3 90.7 90.6 88.8 87.8 83.5 87.7 84.4 82.9 83.1 83.2 111. 2 114. 1 117. 7 121. 5 126. 8 132. 4 135.8 136. 5 136. 9 136.0 131. 6 126. 7 123.2 120. 0 118. 7 116.0 111. 5 108.0 102.9 99. 7 99.6 98. 2 95.0 91.9 77.8 90.2 75.0 89.7 75.0 88.5 74.5 87.4 73.9 85.0 73.4 82.6 64.2 79.4 69.1 76.2 58.6 76.1 61.9 73.9 62.0 71.1 63.4 70.1 114. 8 119. 5 128.1 130. 2 136. 2 141. 3 140. 5 139.8 144. 8 144.5 137.0 136.3 130.4 126.2 125.8 124.1 119. 9 115. 5 102.8 96.5 98.3 95.8 90.1 85.8 80.0 81.3 80.8 78.2 76.9 70.7 65. 6 65.2 59.4 57.0 55.4 53.5 Em ploy ment Pay rolls 114.9 117. 5 117. 2 113. 7 111.3 110. 3 109.9 110.4 108. 9 107.8 107.0 106. 6 107.4 107.9 110.2 111.4 112.4 111.9 112. 0 115. 4 116. 0 116. 3 116. 5 120.9 121. 9 125. 8 128.4 126.4 126.8 130.1 128. 7 126. 6 125.9 125.3 120.1 117.9 117.4 120. 3 120.9 119.4 117.4 112.3 106.8 99.0 94.1 89.3 88.7 87.6 118.1 125.0 124.3 120.7 120. 7 119.3 117.4 117.9 115.8 117. 5 116.7 118.1 116.5 119.7 121.8 126.8 126.8 126.0 125.4 128.1 127. 2 127.8 128.8 131.0 130.1 138. 9 143.8 145.1 148.1 146.0 139.7 137. 6 137. 5 138.8 131. 7 129.2 124.4 132.4 130.0 127.5 122.6 116.3 105.6 96.5 90.8 83.6 79.4 77.2 77.2 78.9 77.5 69.4 60.4 55.1 47. 5 41.1 37.4 36.0 33.2 34.4 86.8 85.6 84.2 78.3 69.9 67.3 65.0 60.2 56.4 55.3 53.1 55.1 Em Pay ploy rolls ment 100.2 102.7 103.0 102.2 100.4 99. 4 97.4 96.4 93.8 93. 7 91.3 91. 5 92.1 94.7 96.2 96.9 98.4 98.9 99.1 99.8 101.1 102.0 103.2 103.6 105.3 109. 2 112.0 113.7 114.4 114.7 114.1 113.9 112. 5 111.7 108.0 106.3 104.0 104. 6 104.0 103.1 100.8 97.7 93.4 88.9 87.6 84.4 81.6 80.6 77.6 77.8 77.1 75.8 75.5 71.9 68.5 64.6 64.3 61.9 60.8 60.7 101.5 108.8 109. 7 106.8 105.4 103.3 97.3 97.6 92.3 92.8 89.5 93. 2 90.8 97.3 100.7 100.7 103.1 104.2 100.6 103.3 103.3 109.0 108.0 110.3 108.3 118. 3 122.4 124.5 125.4 122.8 117. 5 120.0 117.0 119.0 111. 1 108.4 102.2 105.3 105.9 105.3 100.8 95.5 84.2 80.5 77.0 74. 3 67.6 69.3 63.2 65.7 66.4 64.6 63.6 58. 1 52.8 49. 1 46.5 45.6 43.9 45.0 38 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS T able 8 .— Indexes o f employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1928 to 1933, and by months January 1928 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average, 1923-25=100] Machinery, not including transportation equipment—Continued Month and year 19321 January____________ February__________ March-------------- .. _ April______________ M ay. _____________ June........ .................... July----- ------ ----------August___ _______ September-------------October____________ November_________ December_________ 19331 January___________ February---------------March_____________ April_____ _______ May______________ June_______________ July--------- ... ... . August____________ September_________ October____________ November___ December. ____ Agricultural implements Cash registers, Electrical ma Engines, tur adding ma Foundry and appa bines, tractors, machine-shop chines, and chinery, ratus, and and water calculating products supplies wheels machines Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls 54.0 57.5 56.8 50.6 39.6 30.8 27.7 30.2 29.1 26.9 31.5 36.1 41.9 53.6 51.5 42.9 34.6 25.0 21.3 23.7 22.2 21.3 23.8 27.4 84.2 83.7 81.5 79.8 80.4 77.1 76.2 67.3 68.1 69.1 68.7 68.4 60.6 56.7 55.4 53.2 52.8 48.3 47.9 45.8 46.2 47.6 46.4 46.4 69.3 68.3 66.8 63.2 60.8 57.5 53.4 51.5 48.7 47.6 47.3 46.8 51.2 50.0 47.0 43.1 39.4 36.2 32.8 29.6 29.2 29.0 28.6 28.6 42.6 50.1 49.5 46.7 44.9 43.4 40.2 38.0 37.8 38.3 38.2 38.6 26.7 30.1 29.4 27.9 25.6 23.9 20.7 20.0 19.6 21.7 20.4 21.7 38.2 41.6 39.9 38.3 35.4 38.5 40.1 43.5 48.2 52.4 56.1 61.2 29.0 33.0 29.0 28.2 28.0 33.1 33.0 37.0 41.6 47.4 53.6 59.8 67.4 67.6 66.5 67.6 69.9 76.4 80.0 86.4 90.7 92.9 93.8 94.4 43.6 43.5 41.7 45.7 48.8 54.5 57.9 62.0 65.4 68.4 71.6 73.3 44.7 44.7 43.6 44.0 45.5 48.0 51.4 55.0 58.4 60.6 60.3 59.4 27.0 26.7 25.5 26.5 29.2 32.4 35.8 37.5 39.7 41.5 41.3 39.8 38.5 38.6 36.6 36.8 37.1 40.9 43.7 43.5 53.3 53.4 56.4 59.3 i Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. 21.1 21.4 19.7 20.0 20.7 24.2 25.6 24.0 29.6 31.7 33.5 37.1 Em ploy Pay ment rolls 57.8 57.6 55.9 53.9 52.1 49.3 47.7 45.0 45.7 46.3 46.5 46.4 39.5 40.0 38.0 35.3 33.4 30.0 26.7 25.1 25.5 26.7 26.4 26.7 43.8 44.5 42.9 43.4 45.2 48.9 52.9 59.4 62.4 63.6 62.5 61.4 23.9 24.8 22.3 22.5 26.4 31.2 35.3 39.9 41.3 43.3 41.9 41.3 39 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OF REVISION T a b l e 8 .— Indexes o f employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Month and year 1923_______________ 1924_______________ 1925_______________ 1926 ___________ 1927_______________ 1928 _ _________ 1929_______________ 1930 ____________ 1931_______________ 19321_______________ 19331_______________ 1923 Machinery, not including transportation equipment—Continued Transporta tion equip ment Machine tools Radios and Textile machin Typewriters phonographs ery and parts and supplies Group index Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls 108.1 92.0 99.9 119.3 114.3 127.9 167.2 126.0 74.7 40.5 41.7 105.3 90.8 103.9 125.3 116.3 139.8 187.6 121.9 61.5 27.5 28.7 89.5 105.9 104.6 (3) 204.5 141.0 124.4 100.0 151.4 107.5 104.4 (3) 202.9 139.8 96.5 62.7 85.4 88.1 Em ploy ment Pay rolls 116.4 92.7 90.9 90.1 85.3 78.5 88.1 71.2 61.3 48.7 61.1 117.5 86.8 95.7 95.7 93.2 84. 2 96.7 66.0 54.3 35.4 47.0 Em ploy ment 100.0 100.0 100.0 111.5 111. 4 106.5 102.5 98.5 113.1 107.5 107. 2 103.0 116.3 117.0 112.2 108.0 118.8 li9. 6 116.4 112.0 April 121.1 May ___ 127.4 118.1 113. 5 117.5 123.8 June - ___ __ 117.1 115.8 120.3 124.8 July . ____________ 114.0 108.8 August. 119.3 120.9 87.8 87. 4 September 120.4 122.8 108. 2 105. 6 October 116.9 119.1 107. 7 105. 3 112.2 108.7 November . ______ 103.0 101.1 109.2 111.9 December 103.0 104.0 1924 107.0 106.8 99. 7 99. 7 January -104.2 100.4 February _ _ _ _ 101. 5 102. 5 M arch 102.4 93.9 102.0 103.1 97.4 92.7 April ____ - - _ 99.7 101.4 94.4 89. 5 M ay______________ 96.2 97. 7 92.5 84. 2 93.6 93. 7 June - - 88.7 78.0 July. .......................... 87.0 81.3 89.0 78.2 75.9 70. 7 August - ______ September 83.8 72.4 85.5 80.0 October 84.2 80.7 85.6 82. 5 82.5 77.3 November. _____ _ 87.1 84.9 86.6 December . _ _ 89.6 91.5 86.9 1925 90.2 93.3 January___________ 92.6 93.8 90.4 90.8 February__________ 94.1 96.6 87.3 88.9 March. ___________ 94.0 95.9 April __ _ 89. 2 88.0 94. 5 96.8 90.1 94.9 May _ - - _______ 95.5 98.9 89.0 94.5 June _____________ 97.3 101.0 90.5 97.3 July _ _________ 99.0 102.8 Angnst, 92.4 98.4 93.0 97.6 91.8 94.2 September ______ _ 103.3 102.0 90.4 98.1 October . _________ 107.9 114.8 November ___ 92.9 100.8 119. 7 112.2 97.5 108.3 December.................. 115.9 126.3 1926 97.7 107.2 January............. ........ 117.9 125.5 98.4 104.1 February _____ 118.6 126.3 97.2 105.4 March _________ 120.6 127.8 95.9 104.8 A pril_____________ 120.2 127.4 92.4 97.8 118.9 124.4 May _____88.5 91.5 June __________ 118.6 124.2 86.7 88.9 July . ____________ 118.6 121.4 87.5 88.9 August . _____ 108. 7 112.9 September 84.8 90.0 120.4 123.3 82.4 87. 6 October ________ 122.2 129.1 83.7 87.8 November. _______ 123.2 130.0 85.4 94.1 December__________ 123.1 131.3 * Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. 3 No data available. 121.1 77.8 58.7 62.7 Pay rolls Em ploy Pay ment rolls * 98.4 107.6 107.7 93.1 90.8 99.3 101.5 99.1 99.5 87.9 89.8 96. 2 101. 6 103.5 105.4 80.2 70.2 66.3 52.3 56.0 40.7 54.2 39.5 100.0 101.6 113.0 130.1 60.0 35.2 42.4 97.0 103. 5 108. 2 110. 7 111.6 111.7 108.6 107.9 107.6 108.9 109.1 106.1 84.6 98.5 107.8 111.2 115.0 111. 1 107. 7 108.9 107. 2 115.9 116.3 107.8 105.8 106.8 107. 6 104.3 96.8 88. 7 85.1 84. 5 84.1 84.6 82.8 85.9 93. 5 111.3 108. 4 106. 6 97. 9 83.9 78.0 80. 7 81. 6 83. 6 80. 6 83.9 89.4 90. 8 96. 0 101. 7 104. 7 99.8 98.9 99. 2 100.8 105.3 104.1 100.9 102.5 105. 4 108. 3 106.0 102.9 101.1 98.3 99.4 98. 4 94.4 88.1 84.6 75.4 94. 7 107.5 110.6 101.7 99.9 97.3 100.2 li 2 .8 112.4 104.8 101.1 90.9 108. 6 112.1 110.4 106.1 101.4 94.2 101.9 98.8 100.5 89.0 79.8 40 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS 8 * — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1923 to 1933 , and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued T able [3-year average 1923-25=100] Month and year 1927 January____________ February________ March_____________ April_____ ________ M ay_____________ June_____________ _ July______ _______ August.. -. _______ September. _ ______ October__________ November_________ December__________ 1928 January___________ February______ _ _ March. _________ April______ _ _ _ _ M ay______________ June___ ________ July__ _ _____ _ August___ _ _ ____ September___ . _ _ October______ _ November. _ December_____ 1929 January____ ___ _ February____ _ March________ April___ _____ _____ M a y ._________ _ June_______________ July______ __ ___ _ A u gu st..__________ September________ October__________ November________ December.__ _______ 1930 January_____ __ __ February_________ M arch.. ________ April_____ .. ____ M ay____ _______ June_____________ July_________ ___ August___ _____ _ September__________ October___________ Novem ber... _ __ __ December_____ ____ 1931 January____________ February_____ March___ __ ____ April---------------------M a y ._______ _ June_______________ July___________ -.August— ______ . September_________ October____________ November_________ December__________ Machinery, not including transportation equipment—Continued Transporta tion equip ment—Contd. Machine tools Radios and Textile machin Typewriters phonographs ery and parts and supplies Group index Em ploy ment Em ploy ment Em ploy Pay ment rolls Pay rolls Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls 110.7 110.9 125.7 125.3 124.8 120.1 119.3 117.6 109.9 102.1 113.1 112.9 111.4 113.9 110.9 114. 2 116.7 120. 2 123. 6 126.1 128.1 121.4 136.0 140.5 145. 8 151.0 112.4 120.3 126.1 130.6 134. 5 138.1 135.1 132.3 148.8 158.9 165. 3 175.0 153.8 159.2 165.4 166.4 167.4 170. 2 171.6 169.2 174. 2 175.6 171.1 162.0 170.9 182.7 188. 7 191. 6 191.0 192.9 188.6 185.7 194.2 198.1 187.2 179.7 131.1 128.6 127.8 136.6 175.9 201.4 261.1 301.6 298. 6 315.5 234.2 141.7 131.0 128.6 136.5 140. 2 194.1 211.4 245. 0 292.7 291.9 319.1 194.1 150.1 79.1 82.3 84.8 88. 4 92. 5 94.4 95. 6 92. 5 91.5 86.7 85.0 84.4 86.9 92. 2 94. 5 100. 3 103. 5 104. 6 105. 6 102. 7 97. 7 93.8 88.1 90.1 103.0 111.9 114.4 116.8 116. 3 109. 2 107. 2 105. 0 103. 5 94.3 81.2 79.1 96.1 124.2 129.1 126.0 113.4 97.3 110.2 104.6 94.9 76.5 69.7 155.2 150.8 147.7 142.1 137. 6 133.3 121.7 104.5 112.4 108.2 101.5 97.5 161.9 157.0 155.3 146.3 139.6 133.2 113.3 93.6 100.2 95.9 84.4 82.2 125.8 107. 115.4 91.4 92.5 83.8 89.9 93. 0 99. 8 104.1 107. 5 130.3 129.6 162.8 169.8 203. 5 203. 0 230.5 240.4 209.4 177.7 164.4 126.6 84.0 85. 5 82.6 80.1 73. 5 70.8 65.2 65.1 61.9 61.1 61.2 63.4 87.8 87.1 80.8 74.5 64.9 63. 5 57.8 57.4 53.0 54.0 53.7 57.1 84. 3 87. 3 88. 0 90.7 91. 3 86. 0 79.8 76.2 73. 7 69.8 67.0 69.1 82.3 85.0 68.1 79.1 67.1 58.3 60.1 56.2 54.8 53.8 92.1 90.0 89.5 86.3 83.1 78.4 72.6 63.4 65.1 62.7 56.9 56.5 74.3 75.2 76.0 72.8 70.2 64.7 62.3 55.2 49.0 49.3 44.1 44.7 126.0 121.5 100.4 109.6 103.9 112.5 122.9 133.5 151.1 149.5 142.5 118.8 62.1 62.9 63.8 63.1 63.2 61.9 56.9 62.6 61.4 59.5 59.1 59.0 56.5 57.1 57.6 55.7 57.6 56.2 51.0 55.0 50.4 49.9 49.6 54.5 67.6 71.3 72.9 73.9 71.1 67.1 65.3 64.7 55.2 55.3 62.9 43.1 56.3 60.5 62.8 65.8 57.3 51.1 49.2 43.9 44.2 44.8 49.0 122.1 121.4 120.2 118.4 115.7 114. 7 111. 7 100.8 112.2 112.2 82.7 85.4 85.6 86. 2 86. 5 86.4 87.1 85.9 85.6 81.9 83.3 90.3 95.1 95.8 94.0 94.0 94. 2 95.1 96.1 94.1 93.0 85.7 91.3 80.6 81.8 81.6 78.8 78. 3 78.9 78.7 76.2 77.4 75. 7 76.2 78.1 89.1 90.0 83.8 84.4 85.1 84.8 79.5 78.9 80. 5 80.0 88.6 81.7 91.8 94. 3 99. 5 99.1 98. 9 103.3 105.1 103.0 94.9 94.3 86.6 111.2 6 102.4 94.5 82.8 90.7 88.6 91.9 94.7 104.3 107.1 119.7 98.0 83.6 84.1 92.7 95.9 96.8 96.8 92.4 86.4 88.2 85.0 82.9 75. 6 77.5 86.0 88.1 86.7 85.4 85.2 80.5 79.3 78.9 75.1 73.0 73.2 70.3 72.5 73.8 70.4 69.3 66.6 66.1 66.1 64.1 57.5 53.7 51.1 52.3 52.8 50.3 68.6 69.2 94.2 101.7 105.1 105.6 90.1 85.7 90.9 85.4 87.9 78.1 83.2 80.7 97.2 104.7 108.5 103.5 100.4 109.5 109.0 111.7 96.3 95.4 102.6 122.2 88.0 88.0 41 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OF REVISION T a b l e 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average, 1923-25=100] Month and year 19321 January.. _ _ _ __ February---------------March. _ _________ A p r il.---- ---------May. _____ — ... June... . . July_______________ August------------------September___ October----- ---------November___ ... . December______ 19331 January-----------------February__________ March_____________ April____ _______ May______________ June_______________ July_______________ August_____ _____ September_______ _ October.__ ------- ... November___ _ December___ ____ 1 Machinery, not including transportation equipment—Continued Transporta tion equip ment—Contd. Machine tools Radios and Textile machin Typewriters phonographs ery and parts and supplies Group index Em ploy ment Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Em ploy Pay ment rolls 41.7 114.1 41.3 105.7 36.2 93.9 31.9 84.0 26.5 89.6 24.4 93.7 21.4 91.6 20.3 92.4 21. 2 100.0 20.5 117.2 22.0 113.9 22.5 103.3 83.2 70.0 58.2 52.7 61.1 61.5 54.4 51.1 64.1 71.6 66.5 58.0 58.8 59.4 57.1 53.0 48.4 44.9 35.9 42.6 45.2 46.3 45.7 46.9 53.4 52.2 47.5 41.0 31.6 25.7 20.3 27.2 30.9 31.9 30.3 32.5 70.8 68.9 68.3 67.6 65.4 56.3 54.7 38.9 53.4 53.5 56.7 49.5 45.6 47.6 45.1 42.9 37.7 31.2 28.5 21.3 28.7 29.9 32.2 31.6 64.7 67.1 65.6 61.7 61.7 61.0 58.8 52.4 46.7 41.1 43.9 47.5 47.8 51.8 51.3 48.2 52.3 46.3 43.1 33.7 25.1 26.6 29.5 33.2 47.9 51.9 47.9 57.4 71.0 74.6 63.5 84.2 104.1 142.8 150.5 128.4 47.1 47.6 46.0 44.3 46.8 54.0 63.0 75.9 78.5 77.8 77.4 74.9 31.7 30.7 27.4 26.6 31.4 44.3 55.3 61.7 64.9 65.1 63.9 60.6 54.8 51.3 49.8 50.0 52.7 51.6 55.2 66.5 72.8 77.6 83.8 85.7 32.2 29.3 27.0 25.9 29.9 31.2 35.9 48.9 54.2 60.3 64.2 69.8 51.4 50.3 45.2 45.3 48.8 51.7 58.3 61.6 64.3 59.1 53.5 61.1 35.8 32.1 27.8 31.9 38.7 40.6 43.5 49.7 48.2 43.3 38.6 43.7 53.8 53.3 50.3 45.7 40.0 38.8 34.6 32.1 34.1 33.3 34.3 35.3 Pay rolls 35.6 23.5 34.8 22.5 30.8 17.8 30.3 17.6 31.3 - 18.6 35.1 24.2 37.5 26.3 44.0 30.6 50.2 36.0 54.0 39.6 57.7 43.2 58.9 45.0 84.9 90.6 89.6 98.6 119.0 135.0 138.0 158.7 195.9 238.2 248.3 219.4 Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. Pay rolls 42 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued T able [3-year average 1923-25=100] Transportation equipment—Continued Month and year Aircraft Em ploy ment Pay rolls Cars, electricAutomobiles and steam-rail Locomotives road Shipbuilding Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls 1923_______________ 103.6 103. 4 100. 6 100.6 126. 9 128. 7 1924_______________ 100.0 100. 0 93.6 90. 6 93.8 94.3 96.4 96.6 105. 8 108. 8 79. 3 77.0 1925___ ________ 1926_______________ 104.8 104.8 75.0 70.9 1927._ _____ 157.9 156.8 91.9 93. 3 59.9 60. 4 108.1 113.9 48. 4 48.2 1928_______________ 1929. ____ 525.2 501.5 111. 3 111. 6 63.1 63.1 1930_______________ 80.3 65. 7 54. 7 53.2 1931_______________ 353.1 354.8 71.0 53.4 29.6 25.4 19321_____ 253. 7 251.0 60.8 42. 3 26. 3 23. 5 1933 1_________ 298.5 269.5 59.8 42.8 25.4 20. 5 1923 January____ ______ 87.1 76.0 125. 7 105. 7 February. __ _ _ 95.0 91.9 129.3 118.7 March___ _ __ ___ 99.2 100. 2 132. 5 130.8 April _ _______ 103. 5 105. 5 127. 4 123.9 M ay___ _ _____ 105.0 107.5 127.9 132.6 June__ _ __________ 104.6 101.9 129.4 135.2 99.2 126.0 129.9 July_______________ 101.2 August... ____ _ 100.3 102.0 130.3 134. 4 September. _ ______ 101.4 99.0 126.8 134.2 October____ ___ 103.1 110. 3 126.5 138.9 November______ 103. 5 110. 2 127. 6 138. 9 December______ _ . 103.0 103.2 112.8 121.2 1924 January___ __ 107. 6 92. 3 94. 7 91.4 February ______ . 110.0 115. 4 91. 6 95.1 March_____ _ ___ 112. 0 113. 5 89. 6 88.8 April______ _______ 107.1 109. 6 96. 0 97.8 M ay_____________ 97. 0 97.0 105. 2 104.8 June__________ __ 86. 4 79.8 102. 0 105.9 July. ___ _______ 82.3 72. 5 100. 9 102. 0 August_____ 83.4 78.0 97. 0 99. 7 September.. _ 84.1 81. 0 91. 6 90. 5 October ________ 85.2 84. 5 86. 5 87. 7 November________ 83.1 80. 5 82. 3 78.0 December... _____ 85.5 82.5 88. 7 90.4 1925 89. 5 71. 7 92. 7 89.9 January________ ... February__________ 90.7 95.1 96.1 99.9 March______... ... 97. 2 103. 0 97. 6 100. 5 April____________ 105. 0 112.6 95.8 94.3 M ay_________ ____ 110. 9 118. 1 88.1 88.9 June __________ 105. 9 108. 7 83. 7 80. 9 July_______________ 105.2 107. 6 79.2 74.4 August___ ______ 106. 9 104. 5 76. 0 72.4 September.. _____ 111. 5 111. 2 64. 6 58. 3 October______ _ __ 118. 6 127. 7 60. 7 56. 9 November. _____ 117. 2 128. 2 56. 2 52. 5 December________ 111.5 116. 6 61.1 54. 5 1926 January_____ 111.6 96. 9 66.3 55.1 February. _ _____ 113.8 118.3 72.4 67.1 M a r c h ..______ _ 116. 5 121. 4 79. 3 73.3 April____ ________ 112. 5 117. 6 88.0 83. 3 M a y ..___ .. -. 107.8 111. 6 90. 7 86. 0 June.. ______ _ ... 105. 7 104. 7 87.6 89.1 July. _____________ 96. 8 82. 7 78.1 102.8 T05. 2 108.0 76.7 72.4 August_____ _______ September_____ 104. 6 105.1 74.0 67. 2 100.1 October____________ 106. 7 65.3 64.0 N ovem ber___ __ 91. 5 92.4 59.5 57.9 December__________ 85.8 78.1 57.4 56.7 i Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy Pay ment rolls 157. 7 76. 4 65.9 86. 2 66.7 45.4 56.8 52.3 28.0 19.4 15.6 168.1 72. 9 59.0 80.6 57.2 39.6 58.3 51.5 18.1 8.9 5.8 114. 5 93. 2 92.3 97.4 101. 3 79.5 101. 3 107.3 83.0 66. 0 55.4 148. 2 139.3 153.4 152. 4 161.6 157. 6 155.8 157.1 160.7 169. 6 165.7 178.8 171.6 190.2 171.9 185.1 162.1 179. 5 160.5 176. 9 147. 2 166. 2 133.9 164.6 115.0 114.9 123. 0 122.9 119.0 119.8 115. 7 110.1 106.7 108.5 110.3 107.5 104.8 104.4 118.0 121.4 129.4 127.6 113.7 99.8 109.0 106.4 116.1 103.5 98. 7 78.8 71.1 69.4 74.1 81.0 78. 9 69. 9 66. 7 70. 2 76.8 81. 7 92. 5 74. 4 65. 4 67.0 73. 5 82. 2 78.8 61.8 57. 4 63. 6 76. 7 81.6 104. 6 108.1 106.1 103. 3 92. 5 91.8 89. 6 82. 7 81. 7 84. 0 85. 2 103.4 111.0 106.9 107.7 103.5 90.1 91.5 85.7 84.1 79.2 87.0 89.2 70.9 68. 0 69.8 69. 6 63. 4 64. 4 65.3 61.3 59. 6 60. 4 66.3 71.3 65. 6 62.9 65. 4 64. 6 55. 5 58.8 58. 3 49. 7 51. 7 52. 6 58. 3 64. 6 94.6 97.4 99. 3 100. 9 97. 2 92. 6 93. 2 89.8 85. 9 83. 0 84. 7 89.1 81.8 85. 6 86. 8 84.4 86. 4 89.8 88. 2 88.9 83.7 83.2 83.6 92.0 76.4 79. 6 81.1 78. 7 80. 2 84.4 84.6 79.8 77.2 78.7 77.9 88.5 94.3 97.8 98.4 95.8 95. 5 94.9 94.6 93.5 95.0 96.0 102.4 88.6 110.1 112.8 94. 9 92.3 100.9 108.3 85.0 109.7 113.5 76.8 52.5 38.9 94.3 99.0 99.5 101.0 90.0 87.5 90.8 84.6 87.0 82.8 90.1 101.1 95.4 96.2 99.2 100.8 98.4 98.9 97.4 98.6 96.7 105.4 105.5 118.6 43 CHAP. 4 .— BESULTS OF BEVISIOH 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1923 to 1933 , and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued T able [3-year average 1923-25=100] Transportation equipment—Continued Month and year Aircraft Em ploy ment Pay rolls 1927 January____________ February__________ April __ ____ M ay_______ _______ June _ _______ July _____________ November______ _ December. _ _ ____ 1928 April_____ _______ M a y ._______ _____ June . ____________ July______________ August ____ ______ September. _ ______ October_________ _ November________ December____ ____ 1929 January.. _________ February__________ March___________ . A p ril..____________ May____ ________ June_____ ____ _ July_______________ August. . _______ _ September. _ ___ _ October._ ________ . November________ December____ 1930 January_______ ___ February__________ March_____________ April... _________ M ay. .. . .. .. June_____________ July_________ __ .. A u gu st.._________ September.. ______ O ctober.______ November___ _ _. December.. _______ 1931 January-----------------February______ _ .. M a r c h .._______ . April---------------------M ay----------------------June_______________ July_______________ August____________ September.. ______ October_____ ______ November_________ December......... .......... Cars, electricAutomobiles and steam-rail Locomotives road Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment 85.7 65.6 96.7 98.3 100.9 107.7 101.3 110.6 101.3 111.3 95.3 91.6 89.0 87.3 92.4 95.1 89.2 89.5 87.9 93.0 79.6 81. 5 83. 2 88.5 56.0 55.7 57.1 66.3 70.6 73.8 68.3 63. 8 60.3 55.6 48.6 42.2 53.8 55.1 56.6 66.3 73.8 74.7 67.0 67.2 58.1 56.7 51.1 44.3 77.1 77.4 75.5 69.9 67.4 67.7 69.1 71.9 68.2 58.2 50.5 47.5 90.0 98.4 105.0 110.9 110.7 110.5 117. 2 120. 5 118.5 107. 5 105.7 87.5 109. 7 115.4 116.9 121.2 114.2 111.2 123. 7 123.9 128. 5 108.4 105. 6 36.3 40. 7 47.4 53.0 58.6 57.5 58.2 54.3 48. 5 42.6 41. 7 41.9 34.4 38.2 48.7 55.0 61.0 60.3 56. 7 56. 2 48.2 42.2 39.6 38.4 116.5 127.5 129. 0 129.1 127.4 117. 7 114. 6 111. 6 109. 5 97.4 79. 5 75.2 107.3 139.4 139. 7 142.9 137. 5 120.9 99.4 116. 7 108. 5 95. 6 71. 5 59. 5 42.2 47.0 51. 8 62. 0 65.9 67.4 69.1 70. 2 72.4 69. 2 67.0 72.4 81.4 85. 7 87.3 90. 5 92.4 86.8 79.8 75.8 73.4 70.3 69.2 70.6 60.8 76. 7 80.8 84. 2 85.4 75.8 62.4 51.3 55. 2 52. 5 52. 2 51.1 70.4 72.5 76.4 78.3 80.9 76.9 72.2 71.0 70.0 57.7 57.6 38.8 56.7 62.5 65.4 70.0 59.4 52.6 50.7 44.1 44.4 45.6 50.8 Em ploy ment 102.6 405.8 386.3 392.6 378.9 391.6 411.1 354.7 306.8 315.8 291.1 297.4 304.7 381.9 376.9 419.1 386.4 400.0 426.6 351.8 303.0 307.0 288.4 312.1 304.5 68.0 Pay rolls Pay rolls Shipbuilding Em Pay ploy rolls ment 68.2 70.6 67.7 60.3 56.4 52.8 57.1 59.6 60.0 50.1 43.2 40.2 111.1 115.4 115.8 113.1 108.5 104.7 98.0 93.5 90.2 88.7 87.5 88.7 117.0 118.6 123.1 125.2 116.5 109.2 105.7 96.8 92.9 97.1 93.6 103.6 46.5 48.6 48.9 48.2 47.0 48.2 45.7 44.8 42.7 42.0 40.9 41.4 40.2 43.4 42.2 38.8 40.0 44.6 40.5 39.1 39. 7 36.3 34. 5 35.4 85.8 81.2 78. 6 79.9 79.4 78.6 77.1 75. 2 75.4 76.7 79. 4 86.6 95.2 84.9 83.6 88.5 83.5 85.7 82.0 78. 2 80.6 81.3 81.8 95. 2 32.2 44. 7 50. 8 61. 8 67. 2 65.8 67.7 71.1 72.4 72.7 69. 0 82.3 41.5 42.4 48.1 57. 3 63.4 62.2 66.2 64.4 60. 2 60.3 57.7 57.7 38.8 41.8 49. 4 58.9 64. 3 63. 3 68.4 67. 7 64. 5 63. 8 59.4 59.3 90.4 90. 7 97. 2 103. 5 104. 4 103. 3 103. 3 101. 0 101. 7 101.9 106. 6 111. 1 95. 3 97.8 104. 6 111. 6 113. 8 115. 0 111. 5 105. 9 112.1 111.3 115. 5 122.3 73.3 70.9 67.2 67.9 64.5 57.4 55.4 52.1 47. 5 39.8 29.6 30.8 69. 8 74.2 69. 0 70. 6 63.9 57.3 51.0 49. 8 43.1 35.1 27.0 27.2 56. 5 57.4 58. 5 60. 3 60.4 61.3 56. 0 50.1 47. 3 42. 7 39.3 37.7 59. 2 116. 0 60. 7 115. 4 62.6 113. 6 64. 4 115.1 62.8 111. 0 61.0 109. 8 52. 4 105. 0 47.4 105. 5 44. 2 104.6 36. 2 101. 4 33.9 94. 8 32.9 95.0 121.7 124. 8 124.4 124. 8 123. 6 116. 5 110.1 111. 0 107. 0 100. 7 98. 7 98.6 31.8 31.2 32.0 32.7 28.1 29.3 29.1 29.9 29.8 27.6 26.2 27.0 27.5 27.3 27.3 28.2 23.7 24.5 23.8 25.4 26.1 24.3 23.2 23.9 30.3 31.0 33.5 32.1 29.5 28.6 28.2 26.6 25.3 23.7 23.1 23.8 19.6 21.3 25.0 23.8 21.1 20.5 18.8 16.2 15.1 12.7 11.4 90.9 88.0 83.4 85.4 86.5 78.9 72.4 69.2 64.4 68.4 65.8 68.4 12.1 93.3 89.6 86.4 88.6 86.0 85.3 81.8 75.6 76.7 75.5 78.3 78.4 44 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS T able 8 .— Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1923 to 1933 , and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average, 1923-25=100] Transportation equipment—Continued Month and year 19321 January-----------------February. _ ----------March_____________ April______________ M ay------- -----------June.. .................... July_______________ August----------------- September_________ October-----------------November_________ December__________ 19331 January-------------February_________ March_____________ April---------------------M ay-------------------June--------------------July_______________ August... ---------- -September_________ October-----------------November_____ December. . _ _ _ 1 Aircraft Cars, electricAutomobiles and steam-rail Locomotives road Shipbuilding Em ploy Pay ment rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment 295. 3 290. 5 297. 4 277. 4 269. 5 254. 7 233. 7 221. 1 208. 9 215. 8 237. 4 242. 6 292. 0 284. 9 293. 0 273. 4 258. 3 253. 3 226. 6 229. 1 209. 0 217. 6 232. 7 241. 7 71.5 74.1 71.9 66.4 67.3 67.3 65.3 57.4 49.9 42.0 45.8 50.9 50.4 55.0 54.2 49.8 56.7 49.8 46.0 34.6 23.4 24.8 29.2 33.8 27.7 29.6 28.6 26.7 24.7 25.6 24.2 25.1 27.4 27.4 26.0 236. 3 240. 5 254. 2 267. 4 316. 8 325. 3 325. 3 313. 2 308. 9 320. 0 337. 4 336. 3 226. 6 234. 7 246. 7 257. 3 290. 5 291. 5 279. 4 282. 4 259. 3 278. 4 299. 0 288. 4 57.0 56.1 49.5 50.1 53.9 58.2 65.9 68.7 71.6 64.2 56.6 66. 1 38.5 34.2 28.7 34.3 42.9 45.9 48.8 55.7 53.1 46.1 39. 6 46.0 22.8 23.4 22.4 22.4 22.6 22.8 19.8 24.7 29.4 28.5 27.9 28. 5 31.8 Pay rolls Em ploy ment 19.8 26.4 28.5 27.2 25.0 21.7 22.0 21.4 21.4 23.9 22.6 22.4 23.0 23.3 22.8 23.6 22.3 19.9 18.4 17.6 16.0 15.2 15.6 15.3 19.3 17.3 17.7 18.5 17.9 14.5 18.1 24. 2. 23.1 24.2 24. 4 27. 2 14.0 13.0 11.4 11.0 10.9 11.7 13.1 17.5 18.6 22.6 22.4 20.7 Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. Pay rolls 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.1 75.3 75.2 74.1 76.1 72.6 70.1 63.6 59.7 57.5 56.5 55.7 55.7 65.4 63.9 60.6 66.0 57.3 54.3 52. 3 43.1 42.4 43.0 39.4 42.3 5.4 4.9 4.2 3.9 4.0 4.4 5.3 5.9 6.6 8.5 8.7 7.8 54.2 51.1 48.2 44.4 47.5 48.0 52.3 57.5 64.2 66.1 63.5 67.3 37.7 35.7 32.5 30.1 32.5 32.5 36.2 40.0 45.9 47.5 46.8 49. 4 11.2 11.5 11.7 11.9 11.0 9.2 7.8 7.5 45 CHAP. 4.— RESULTS OE REVISION 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued T able [3-year average, 1923-25=100] Nonferrous metals and their products Railroad repair shops Month and year Group index Electric railroad Steam railroad Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Group index Aluminum manufactures Em ploy ment Em Pay ploy rolls ment 1923_______________ 108.6 109.6 104.0 101.5 108.9 110.2 105.4 1924_______________ 96.4 95.6 99.1 98.8 96.3 95.5 96.7 1925_______________ 95.0 94.8 96.9 99.7 94.8 94.3 97.9 1926__________ _____ 95.5 96.1 96.5 100.4 95. 4 95.7 1927_______________ 89.0 92.0 94.1 99.8 88.6 91.4 96.5 1928_______________ 83. 8 87. 2 89. 6 97. 9 83.3 86. 3 1929_______________ 82.6 90.4 87.8 97.2 82.2 89.8 111.4 1930_______________ 73. 4 76.1 85.8 93.0 72.4 74.8 1931_______________ 64.1 61.7 79.3 80.2 62.9 60.4 74.0 19321_______________ 53.4 42.7 71.7 64.3 52.0 41.2 58.1 19331_______________ 52.0 41.7 66.3 55.1 50.9 40.8 62.0 1923 January____________ 110.5 108.1 101.7 99.2 111.1 108.8 February_______ ... 105. 2 101. 9 102.3 99.8 105.4 102.1 March_____ ______ 106. 4 105.8 103. 4 100. 9 106. 6 106. 2 A p ril..__________ 106. 2 108. 0 104. 0 101. 6 106. 3 108.4 M ay_______________ 106. 9 110. 4 103. 3 100.8 107.1 111. 1 June_____ ___ 110. 3 114. 8 104.3 101.8 110.8 115. 8 July____ _____ _ 110. 4 111. 1 104.8 100. 5 110.8 111.9 August_____ _ -_ - 111.8 113. 3 105.4 103.0 112.2 114.1 September.. ___ _ _ 111. 1 109. 8 106.2 99.9 111. 4 110.5 October. _ ______ _ _ 111. 5 115. 6 104.3 102.3 112.0 116. 6 November___ _ .. 108.8 111.6 104.7 104.3 109.1 112.1 December__________ 104.3 104.8 103. 5 103. 5 104. 4 104.9 1924 January. . ____... 101. o 95. 7 101.8 101. 2 101.0 95.2 February__________ 98. 0 97. 6 100. 4 100.3 97.9 97.5 March________ 97. 6 98. 4 100. 6 101. 6 97.4 98.3 April____ _________ 97. 4 99. 9 100. 3 101.0 97.1 99.9 M ay. . . . . . . 94. 9 96. 0 99. 5 99. 0 94. 7 95.8 June______ ... __ . 93. 8 95. 6 98.9 98.9 93. 5 95. 3 July_______________ 93. 4 86. 2 98.1 93.1 93.1 85. 9 August_______ _____ 93.5 90. 5 97. 7 97. 5 93. 2 90. 0 September____ 95. 0 91. 0 96. 7 95. 3 95. 0 90.7 October_______ ____ 97. 7 99. 6 98. 6 97. 3 97. 5 99. 8 November. _ _______ 97. 8 98. 4 98. 6 99. 2 97. 6 98. 3 December__________ 97. 2 98.8 98. 5 101. 7 97. 0 98. 7 1925 January__ __ _____ 95. 9 92. 0 96. 9 98. 2 95. 6 91. 5 February__________ 96. 0 99. 8 97. 3 101. o 95. 8 99. 6 M arch.. __ _____ _ 96. 0 100.1 97. 9 102. 7 95. 7 99.8 April... _________ 95. 2 95.8 98. 0 101. 3 94. 9 95. 2 M ay. _____ 92.1 92. 7 97. 3 100. 4 91. 6 92. 0 June_________ _ _ 92. 8 92.6 97.9 99. 5 92. 4 92. 0 July___ ____ ._ 93. 3 89. 4 95. 6 97. 0 93. 0 88.8 August.. . .. _ 93. 7 91. 0 92. 4 94. 8 93. 8 90. 7 September___ __ ._ 95. 5 90.1 95. 6 94.8 95. 3 89. 7 October___________ 95. 7 95. 7 97. 3 98.3 95. 5 95. 4 November 96. 2 99. 3 97.9 104. 0 96. 0 98.8 Decem ber.________ 97.5 99. 0 98.6 104. 2 97. 4 98. 6 1926 January. _ ________ 96. 4 91.8 97.8 98.4 96. 2 91.2 February _ ______ 96. 6 96. 3 97. 4 102.9 96. 5 95. 7 M arch.. __________ 96.8 97.8 97. 5 102. 7 96. 6 97. 4 April___ __________ 96. 2 96.9 97.6 102.2 96.0 96.5 M ay________ _ 95. 4 95.8 97. 2 101.1 95. 2 95. 2 June__________ ____ 94. 4 96. 2 95.8 100. 9 94. 2 95. 8 July. . . . . . .. 94.1 91. 0 95. 7 97. 7 93. 9 90. 5 August.. ._ .. ____ 94. 5 96. 7 95. 3 99.9 94.3 96. 4 September __ _ ._ 95.3 93. 0 95. 2 97. 3 95. 2 92. 6 October___________ 95. 7 99. 0 95.9 98.3 95.6 99.0 November___ ______ 95.8 99. 0 95.9 101.0 95. 7 98. 8 December_______ .. 95.3 99.5 96.6 102.9 95.2 99.1 1 Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. 91911°—35---- 4 Pay rolls 103.7 95.9 100.4 100.5 116.4 63.1 39.1 41.5 106.3 93.7 96.6 138.4 90.2 64.3 71.8 100.0 100.2 100.0 99.8 105.5 150.0 81.3 42.1 50.9 46 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS T able 8 .— Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Nonferrous metals and their products—Continued Railroad repair shops—Continued Month and year Group index Electric railroad Steam railroad Em ploy ment 1927 January________ ___ February__________ March____________ April__ _____ ___ M a y ___ __ June __ __ _ . . July_______________ August______ ____ September_________ October N ovem ber.____ . December____ 1928 January _ February. March............ _ _ April... _____ _ ... M ay_________ __ June................. ... July August _ _ September. _. October November_________ December.____ _ __ 1929 January_______ ____ February. _ . . . March____ _ _ A p ril.___ M ay_____________ June___. . . . . July______ August. September____. . . October. __ . . . November___ ___ _ December. 1930 January________ ... February__________ March__________ April_____ _____ _ May______ _____ _ June___________ July______ _______ August____________ September.. _____ October___________ November___ _ ... December__________ 1931 January-------------- _ February__________ M arch.. . ______ April______________ M ay_______________ June______________ J u ly ______________ August____________ September_________ October____. . . -----November_________ December................... Pay rolls Em ploy ment 92.6 92.2 90.5 89.1 88.5 88. 4 88.7 87.9 87.9 88.1 87.0 86. 5 91.9 97.0 94.4 93.5 94.0 92.0 88.2 91.1 88.6 91.6 91.4 90.7 95.6 96.0 96.4 95.9 93.8 94.5 94.6 94.4 93.6 92.0 90.6 91.7 85. 5 84.4 84. 2 84.0 83.4 83.9 82. 5 82.8 83.4 83. 8 83.9 83.6 86.3 88.9 89.5 89.1 87.4 88.0 83.0 83.6 83.1 89.4 89.1 91.9 92.4 92.2 91.5 90.7 89.8 88.8 88. 2 87.5 87.9 87.7 86.5 82.5 83.0 83. 2 83.0 82.9 82.5 82.2 82.6 82.3 83.2 82.6 81.1 82.7 88.9 91.8 92.5 93.2 90.8 87.0 91.0 89.5 93.1 92.5 91.9 86.8 79.1 77.9 76.8 76.0 76.1 75.1 71.5 70.9 70.9 68.8 68.8 68.6 82.9 84.1 82.7 82.6 81.6 79.5 70.9 72. 7 70.1 69.2 67.5 69.5 69.1 68.8 67.5 66.9 66.2 64.7 62.9 62.2 61.5 60.7 59.5 59.0 65.4 69.4 68.1 67.9 66.2 63.7 59.7 58.7 56.1 55.7 55.4 54.2 88.8 Pay rolls Em ploy ment 99.4 102.3 101.6 101.7 101.6 97.8 99.1 97.6 96.7 97.9 101.7 92.4 91.9 90.1 100.0 88.6 88.1 88.0 88 2 . 87.4 87.5 87.8 86. 7 86.0 Pay rolls 98.4 96.4 96.6 93.1 96.9 95.9 95.0 85.2 88.1 88. 5 88.1 86.3 87.2 81.9 82.6 82.3 88. 8 88.5 93.9 94.4 97.9 97.8 98.8 97.1 96.9 97. 7 96.7 98.1 97.6 99.4 82.2 82.7 82.7 82.7 82.4 82.2 81.7 82.1 81.9 82.8 82.1 80.6 81.9 88.4 91.3 92.0 92.7 90.2 86.2 90.5 88.9 92.7 92.0 91.2 87.9 87.6 87.1 87.7 87.3 86.6 85.3 84.5 84.5 84.5 84.6 82.3 97.5 95.8 97.5 98.0 96.9 97.0 91.4 90.1 87.9 87.9 78.5 77.2 76.0 75.1 75.2 74.2 70.5 69.8 69.9 67.6 67.5 67.5 81.8 83.2 81.6 81.4 80.3 78.1 69.3 71.3 68.7 67.8 66.0 68.3 81.7 81.9 82.0 81.7 81.2 80.2 78.4 76.8 76.9 76.6 77.0 76.6 83.8 85.1 86.4 85.1 83.7 81.9 78.4 75.4 74.0 75.0 76.7 76.6 86.6 86.6 89.7 87.2 89.3 86. 5 88.6 89.0 87.5 87.9 88.3 98.9 102.1 101.0 100.8 88.6 86.8 68.2 67.8 66.4 65.7 65.1 63.5 61.8 61.1 60.4 59.5 58.1 57.7 Aluminum manufactures Em ploy ment Em Pay ploy rolls ment Pay rolls 91.2 96.7 93. 7 92.8 93.4 91. 2 87.4 90.5 87.9 91.1 90.8 89.8 85.0 83.8 83.6 83.4 82.8 83.4 82.0 82.4 83.1 83. 5 83.6 83.3 100.1 Group index 88.2 64.1 68.3 66.8 66.7 65.0 62.4 58.3 57.5 54,9 54.4 53.9 52.7 78.3 79.2 79.0 78.2 76.4 74.9 72.8 70.6 71.3 70.5 68.8 67.4 68.7 72.3 74.0 71.8 68.6 65.2 57.7 57.6 57.7 57.0 53.9 52.5 98.1 104.2 104.7 101.7 99.6 98.5 78.7 76.5 75.5 71.3 71.1 102.6 84.4 106.6 108.7 106.7 95.8 91.0 86.4 66.7 65.2 54.7 52.6 56.2 47 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OF REVISION 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rollc in manufacturing industries , by years 1923 to 1933 , and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued T able [3-year average 1923-25=100] Nonferrous metals and their products—Continued Railroad repair shops—Continued Month and year Group index Electric railroad Steam railroad Em ploy ment 19321 January—. ----------February. ________ March._ . . . ____ _ April... __________ May. . ___________ J u n e ..____________ July_______________ August____________ Septem ber..______ October___ ______ November____ _____ December________ 19331 January____________ February__________ March.. ________ _ April______________ M ay.. ___ _____ June___________ .. July_______________ August__ ____ .. September_________ October______ _ .. November_________ December.. . ... ... 1 Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Aluminum manufactures Em ploy ment Em Pay ploy rolls ment Pay rolls 55.4 56.1 56.4 57.0 55.3 51.9 50.7 48.2 50.0 52.3 54.0 53.3 48.5 46.6 46.8 47.3 47.2 41.8 37.3 36.0 36.5 39.5 42.8 42.6 76.3 75.4 74.4 74.3 72.9 72.3 71.0 69.4 69.3 68.2 68.3 68.7 73.2 70.8 71.4 70.2 67.9 66.2 62.0 59.3 58.3 56.3 57.0 59.2 53.8 54.6 55.1 55.6 54.0 50.5 49.1 46.6 48.5 51.1 52.9 52.1 46.7 44.8 45.1 45.6 45.7 40.1 35.6 34.3 35.0 38.4 41.8 41.4 64.1 64.9 63.9 61.0 58.1 56.2 50.2 52.9 55.3 56.9 57.6 55.9 47.3 48.5 45.5 41.9 38.2 36.0 30.8 32.2 35.7 39.1 38.3 35.6 70.8 71.5 72.0 68.4 63.0 60.5 57.6 60.1 61.6 61.9 62.6 61.6 55.3 56.1 47.2 45.0 38.2 34.2 31.2 33.6 36.9 42.1 43.6 41.4 51.7 50.8 50.6 48.1 49.7 48.4 51.7 54.2 55.1 55.0 54.8 53.5 39.2 39.2 38.1 36.2 38.9 38.1 40.0 45.9 45.3 48.9 46.1 44.7 68.3 67.7 67.1 57.4 57.0 56.6 54.0 55.5 54.1 52.9 53.4 53.0 54.2 56.2 56.8 50.5 49.5 49.4 46.8 48.5 47.1 50.7 53.3 54.3 54.1 53.9 52.5 37.8 37.9 36.7 35.0 37.7 36.9 39.1 45.5 44.8 48.6 45.5 43.8 52.2 53.2 50.8 51.9 54.1 58.4 61.7 69.2 74.3 75.6 72.6 69.8 31.5 32.0 29.1 30.5 35.3 40.0 43.1 48.3 51.6 53.8 52.4 50.2 60.7 62.0 61.8 62.3 64.0 67.7 72.3 80.3 84.5 83.2 81.7 80.9 40.0 42.1 40.8 39.9 45.0 50.4 53.1 59.2 59.5 62.2 60.1 58.5 66.6 66.2 65.6 65.2 64.7 65.1 65.8 66.6 66.7 Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. Group index 48 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS T able 8 .— Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1928 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Nonferrous metals and their products—Continued Month and year Clocks and Brass, bronze, watches and and copper time-recording products devices Em ploy ment Jewelry Em ploy ment Pay rolls 1923_______________ 103.4 101.3 97.6 95.7 105.1 105.9 101.3 1924_______________ 96.6 95.6 100.0 100.0 99.8 91.8 100.0 1925_______________ 100.0 103.1 102.4 104.3 95.1 102.3 98.7 1926_______________ 102. 7 107.4 1927__________ 101. 2 104. 7 102.9 108.1 96.2 106.9 92.9 1928_______________ 107.3 115.6 1929__________ _ 121. 5 128.3 98.2 102.2 111.4 113.3 104.2 1930_______________ 96.6 88.7 1931__________ _ 74.9 60.3 74.3 62.2 74.1 65.6 65.3 19321_________ _ 57.8 35.8 54. 5 35. 4 57. 6 43. 5 49. 5 19331______________ 64.1 41.3 51.7 34.4 55.5 39.6 51.4 1923 January____ __ ___ 100.6 91.5 February___ ___ 105.0 97.6 March__ ___ _ __ 106.9 104.0 April_____ __ 108.5 109.6 M a y .._____ ____ 106.9 109.9 June______ ______ 106.3 107.4 July_______________ 103.9 104.5 August____________ 104.0 99.4 September________ 100.2 97.4 October___. . . _____ 98.9 96.9 99.1 97.4 November____ . . . December. ______ 100.0 100. 3 1924 January_______ _ __ 100.1 99.2 February______ ____ 103.4 104.4 M arch.. ____ ___ 103. 2 106. 4 April___ ___... __ 102.9 102.3 M ay... _____ _ _ 100. 5 98. 6 June_______________ 95.7 91.4 July_______________ 89.9 82.3 August... ____ . 87.8 84.6 September. ______ _ 89.9 89.1 October___ _ . .. __ 92.8 92.0 November___ __ __ 94.8 95.5 December___... ... 98.5 101.9 1925 January______ _____ 98.9 103.1 February___ _ ... 99.9 104.2 March_____________ 100.6 104.5 April______ ______ 98.9 98.6 M ay____________ _ 100.0 103. 6 June____ .. ._ ... 99.8 102.4 July_______________ 100.1 101.9 August__________ . 99.5 104.9 September.. ._ _ __ 99.4 97. 7 October. _____ ... 99.9 101. 5 November______ 100.9 105.1 December. _ .. _ ... 102.3 109.2 1926 January____ _____ _ 102.7 107.1 February......... .......... 104.6 108.7 March___________ _ 105.8 112.2 April_____________ 104.0 110.0 M a y .___________ _ 103.0 109.0 June______ ______ 101.6 106.8 July_______________ 99.8 102.4 August_______ . . . 100.5 104. 5 September____ _ . 102.7 103.9 October. _________ 102.2 108.0 November_______ . 102.7 107.6 December.._______ _ 102.8 108.9 i Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. 96.7 100.0 103.3 97.3 Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Lighting equipment Pay rolls 110.6 60.4 38.8 38.7 Silverware and plated ware Em Pay ploy rolls ment 100.6 100.0 99.4 98.4 92.6 65. 3 54. 3 55.6 98.1 ioo!o 101.9 102.3 96.5 54.3 37.2 36.2 ______ 1______ 49 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OF REVISION 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1923 to 1933 , and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued T able [3-year average 1923-25=100] Nonferrous metals and their products—Continued Month and year Clocks and Brass, bronze, watches and and copper time-recording products devices Em ploy ment 1927 January _ _____ February _ __ March. _ _ ______ April__ _______ May_______ _____ June____________ July_______________ August_______ September_________ October____________ November_________ December................... 1928 January____________ February..................... M arch.. ________ _ April______________ M ay_______________ June.. _________ _ July______________ August___ _____ ___ September_________ October. ____ ______ November_______ December__________ 1929 January__________ February___ ______ March___________ _ April___ ___ ___ _ May______________ June_______________ July_______________ August— _____ __ September. ______ October_____ ______ November____ _ . December____ _ ... 1930 January_________ February_____ March_____________ April___ ____ _____ May_____ ____ June____________ . July_______________ August____________ September ___ October____ _____ November______- December__________ 1931 January____________ February__________ March-------------------April---------------------M ay_______________ June----- ------------July_______________ August------- --------September________ October-----------------November------ -------December_____ ____ Pay rolls 101.9 103.6 103.8 104.4 101.5 100.7 101.9 100.4 99.0 97.3 97.7 106.7 108.1 110.5 103.6 109.6 106.2 101.8 103.0 101.4 101.3 99.6 104.1 97.0 101.3 103.9 104.5 105.5 106.7 108.7 110.8 113.6 116.9 118.6 102.7 106.5 107.3 108.7 111.9 111.9 109.5 116.7 119.9 128.1 130.6 133.6 119.0 123.3 124.9 126.6 124.4 123.0 121.5 129.7 136.3 139.9 140.3 135.9 130.2 125.2 126.6 126.1 126.8 113.1 102.6 100.0 121.6 121.0 121.4 117.1 114.3 Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Lighting equipment Em ploy ment Pay rolls Silverware and plated ware Em Pay ploy rolls ment 110.0 109.0 106.7 105.0 103.0 100.6 98.9 95.4 92.5 89.1 87.6 86.3 85.3 104.1 105.1 101.7 99.0 94.5 94.6 83.1 79.6 77.8 76.9 73.7 74.2 81.8 80.8 81.4 79.7 79.1 76.3 74.1 71.0 70.8 69.0 67.7 68.9 69.3 71.6 69.8 68.5 63.0 57.8 54.8 51.9 50.6 49.3 48.4 66.8 Em ploy ment Jewelry 77.2 76.8 76.2 75.1 72.7 69.7 70.6 70.3 74.8 75.7 77.3 75.0 69.6 69.5 68.4 63.0 59.7 57.8 55.4 58.6 63.8 64.2 62.8 53.2 76.4 78.6 76.8 76.1 73.5 72.5 71.2 72.4 76.6 76.2 71.8 67.1 71.4 67.2 71.8 68.8 65.6 63.9 53.3 62.2 67.7 68.8 63.3 62.7 68.5 68.3 67.9 67.9 66.6 65.8 64.4 64.7 64.7 62.2 62.5 60.6 66.3 63.6 64.7 64.7 63.1 62.6 60.1 58.2 57.7 56.0 54.0 53.8 68.3 70.2 70.3 66.9 66.3 66.5 61.9 62.6 62.7 62.8 62.5 62.0 53.8 61.9 63.0 60.4 55.8 52.3 47.1 50.4 52.9 56.1 47.3 50.0 50 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS T able 8 .— Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933 , and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Nonferrous metals and their products—Continued Month and year Clocks and Brass, bronze, watches and and copper time-recording products devices Em ploy ment 19321 January____________ February_______ March__________ . April----- ------------M ay_______________ J u n e ..-----------------July_______________ August____________ September________ October________ November. ______ _ December__________ 19331 January... ________ February___ ______ M a rc h ..__________ April______________ May_______________ June.. ----------------July_____________ _ August-------- --------September_________ October_______ ____ November_______ _ December_____ ____ Pay rolls 65.2 65.1 63.9 60.4 57.7 55.7 53.3 52.9 53.9 54.8 55.7 54.7 46.1 46.1 42.5 38.1 34.9 32.6 30.3 29.5 31.2 33.4 33.0 31.3 52.0 52.1 49.3 51.3 55.2 61.8 69.1 76.2 78.3 77.5 74.8 72.1 28.8 28.1 25.8 28.0 35.7 42.6 48.8 52.9 54.0 52.5 49.4 49.0 Em ploy ment Pay rolls Jewelry Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Silverware and plated ware Em Pay ploy rolls ment 66.5 63.2 58.0 54.3 51.7 37.2 50.6 48.7 50.6 52.8 52.7 44.7 44.9 39.1 38.3 31.7 30.8 22.5 31.3 31.8 37.2 38.4 33.6 60.8 63.9 63.1 59.2 54.1 52.2 45.2 51.7 59.4 64.1 62.2 54.7 52.3 54.3 50.1 43.8 38.0 35.9 30.7 34.4 43.8 51.2 45.8 42.1 56.7 55.8 54.6 53.2 50.2 50.1 35.3 44.3 46.3 48.8 49.4 49.2 46.5 46.2 45.4 42.1 39.4 39.8 26.9 32.5 35.4 36.7 38.1 36.6 56.4 57.2 56.7 56.0 54.4 53.2 46.8 50.5 53.1 56.0 56.2 54.6 40.4 42.8 42.8 39.8 35.9 33.4 29.2 31.2 34.8 41.8 39.8 34.7 47.4 46.1 42.4 40.8 43.3 48.5 49.3 55.8 60.5 63.9 64.0 58.3 27.3 26.5 19.6 19.7 23.2 28.3 33.1 39.2 45.8 51.8 52.8 46.0 48.2 50.7 48.4 48.2 49.3 52.4 49.9 58.5 65.9 69.6 64.9 59.4 32.9 33.1 30.0 31.4 33.6 35.9 34.5 40.8 49.0 54.3 51.8 47.3 45.8 44.3 40.8 42.3 44.3 47.4 50.2 55.5 60.1 61.6 62.6 62.4 33.4 31.7 27.5 28.8 32.9 37.6 39.0 42.0 46.0 46.7 48.8 50.2 48.4 51.5 50.9 49.8 51.8 52.8 44.3 49.9 61.9 67.9 70.7 67.2 27.5 29.1 28.6 27.8 32.1 33.9 28.8 32.9 42.2 50.6 52.1 48.6 68.1 i Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available Lighting equipment 51 CHAP. 4.— RESULTS OP REVISION T a b l e 8 . — Indexes o f employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Nonferrous metals and their products—Continued Month and year 1923............................... 1924_______________ 1925______ ____ ____ 1926 .................. 1927________________ 1928 _______ ______ 1929— ............— ......... 1930__________ _____ 1931............................... 1932l. _.....................— 1933 L ........................... 1923 January____________ February____ ____ March. T__________ A p r il...______ ____ M ay_______________ June._____ _________ July______ _________ A u g u st..._______ September __ _______ October. __ ________ November. _______ December__________ 1924 January. _ ________ February___ ______ M arch.. _ ______ April______________ M ay______________ June___ _________ July___ ___________ August _ ______ September. ___ October __________ November_________ December__________ 1925 January.. ............. ..... February____ ______ March____________ April______________ M ay. .. __________ June_______________ July_______________ August. _______ September___ ____ October____________ November____ _____ December__________ 1926 January _ _______ February__ ___ March_____________ April________ ______ M ay_______________ June_______________ July_______________ August_____________ September_________ October____________ Novftmhfir December.................... Smelting and refiningcopper, lead, and zinc Stamped and enameled ware Em ploy ment Em ploy ment 102.8 100.0 97.2 89.9 91.3 54.4 45.3 50.7 Pay rolls 103.2 96.8 90.4 99.4 45.9 27.3 29.2 100.0 Pay rolls Lumber and allied products Group index Em ploy ment 101.5 98.1 100.4 100.4 94.1 92.4 95.4 76.1 56.3 41.1 44.2 95.7 94.2 96.9 93.0 104.1 120.5 106.3 85.4 69.8 76.5 111.2 115.4 117.7 121.7 120.2 117.7 113.1 110.8 102.4 101.0 101.3 98.1 115.2 118.5 127.8 125.9 124.5 119.8 108.5 100.6 96.2 99.2 98.0 100.5 96.2 98.2 99.2 100.7 102.1 103.9 104.5 104.1 103.7 103.1 97.0 113.1 114. 5 117.9 108.0 110.8 100.9 97.5 92.4 85.6 85.8 77.0 85.0 77.4 82.4 79.0 88.5 82.7 87.7 85.3 89.7 89.7 96.9 99.3 99.5 100.4 100.1 97.4 96.0 96.3 97.3 98.6 98.0 97.9 89.2 93.0 97.0 94.1 92.3 91.9 89.2 90.0 92.8 97.8 101.7 101.9 97.5 99.1 98.7 100.2 99.8 110.1 101.2 92.8 96.0 98.3 95.7 108.0 125.6 104.9 76.8 49.0 52.3 102.8 111.2 98.2 100.8 102.8 101.7 97.2 94.8 93.7 94.0 94.5 97.7 95.7 91.3 84.4 93.5 100.3 96.9 94.7 94.1 83.4 92.0 89.8 105.8 107.7 109.3 100.1 107.8 111.2 106.5 96.6 95.5 87.3 91.7 93.3 101.1 95.5 1 93.2 102.2 100.0 100.6 100.0 100.6 102.2 102.7 100.7 102.1 98.1 98.6 99.1 101.0 101.1 101.3 101.0 102.2 101.8 101.8 100.6 98.5 Furniture Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em Pay ploy rolls ment 98.4 102.5 96.7 94.2 97.4 72.6 46.6 25.1 26.4 98.1 96.2 105.7 110.3 108.8 106.7 111.9 89.0 73.7 57.8 61.7 96.9 96.4 106.7 113.4 111.8 107.5 114.0 80.7 59.2 34.8 36.3 96.7 98.8 104.5 102.7 90.7 86.7 84.6 64.4 51.1 35.6 34.5 95.6 99.3 105.1 103.3 90.5 86.1 83.5 61.1 42.0 21.7 19.5 87.3 89.9 94.0 98.1 102.1 104.8 103.7 103.0 103.4 105.1 105.2 102.9 97.5 99.1 99.6 98.9 98.2 97.0 97.2 98.2 97.2 98.5 98.9 97.4 92.4 95.1 97.6 97.8 97.6 95.8 94.8 94.8 96.2 100.8 100.9 98.9 92.2 93.2 95.8 97.4 98.0 99.7 99.9 99.2 96. 7 96.0 95.9 96.5 84.6 86.4 90.5 96.5 98.6 101.0 98.9 97.2 96.6 98.7 99.0 99.6 94.1 101.5 102.5 101.3 99.3 92.5 94.4 97.0 99.7 98.1 99.7 94.9 97.8 98.3 96.9 94.0 90.6 89.7 91.3 95.3 99.3 101.6 104.6 91.7 99.9 99.2 98.2 93.1 89.1 82.9 90.4 95.2 103.1 104.1 109.3 95.5 98.8 100.4 93.2 99.2 104.7 103.3 102.6 96.2 98.7 96.4 99.7 96.0 99.0 93.3 99.5 104.4 106.5 106.8 104.6 101.3 99.7 99.2 102.7 106.0 110.4 113.4 112.9 101.9 107.6 109.2 103.3 100.7 98.3 94.9 102.7 106.5 116. 6 119.8 119.3 Pay rolls 100.0 101.6 100.8 101.0 100.2 101.1 102. 7 99.4 100.7 103.2 106.9 105.8 105.0 95.7 100.9 101.6 101.9 102.4 103.9 99.1 103.9 105.0 107.4 105.8 102.3 110.0 112.2 112.2 110.1 * Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. Lumber, millwork 106.0 104.1 103.8 107.2 112.0 116.2 115.8 114.5 109.5 116.0 116.1 112.4 106.7 105.6 100.3 109.6 115.4 123.0 124.6 121.9 102.1 101.1 99.3 97.1 97. 5 98. 2 98.3 97.4 99.3 98.9 102.0 105.1 106.2 107.3 108.2 107.8 108.5 95.9 101.7 103.5 104.8 105.7 105.7 108.4 104.5 111.2 108.9 109.8 105.6 105.8 106.8 104.4 103.2 102.9 102.7 102.7 101.4 101.0 99.5 96.1 101.9 105.6 107.6 104.1 104.6 105.5 100.8 105.0 101.7 103.7 101.1 97.7 101.1 101.8 103.8 102.8 102.8 101.6 52 T REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS 8 .— Indexes o f employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued a b l e [3-year average 1923-25=100] Nonferrous metals and their products—Continued Month and year 1927 January..-____ .. February ________ M arch.T_______ April_____ _______ M!ay__________ ____ June________ ______ July__________ August___ ______ September ______ October. . . . ____ November_______ _ December__________ 1928 January__________ February___ ______ M arch.J____ _ ... April___________ _ M ay. _______ ____ June.. ______ _____ July_______________ A ugust____ ______ September.. ._ .. _ October___________ N ovem ber.___ __ December________ 1929 January_______ . .. February. _ _____ March________ _ _ April......... . . . . M ay______________ June.. _________ July_______________ August __________ September ______ October_____ __ November___ _____ December__________ 1930 January___________ February__ ______ March. ______ ____ _ April_______ ____ . M ay________ ____ _ June______ _____ _ July. ____________ A ugust.___________ September______ _ October_______ __ _ November. _______ December_______ ._ 1931 January-----------------February__________ March_____________ April______________ M ay_______________ June_________ _____ July_______________ A ugust-----------------September_________ October____________ November_________ December......... .......... Lumber and allied products--Continued Smelting and refining— Stamped and copper, lead, enameled ware and zinc Group index Em ploy ment Pay rolls Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls 89.2 92.0 96.0 95.2 93.6 92.2 91.6 91.8 92.7 93.7 94.3 93.1 86.3 97.0 102.5 98. 5 98.0 95. 7 91.5 95.7 92.7 97.4 98.0 95.0 94.0 93.3 93.1 93.0 94.0 94.4 94.3 95.4 96.2 95.7 94.4 91.1 92.5 95.0 96.4 95.3 97.9 97.9 94.4 98.1 99.3 100.6 98.2 94.2 109.1 109.5 109.4 106.8 104.8 104.4 104. 5 107.6 111.0 114.0 114.3 110.7 109.2 114.8 115.5 111.9 108.2 106. 0 102. 7 109.8 113. 5 119.2 117.7 113.5 93. 5 92.0 91. 3 92.1 92.0 92.9 92.2 92.2 90. 4 88. 5 86.4 85. 2 89.4 89.5 90.2 92.4 94.2 94.7 91.2 94.7 90.1 89.8 85.5 84.6 95.9 104.6 105. 7 104.1 103.0 105.7 107.3 109. 2 111.6 112.9 85.3 103.3 106.9 108.2 110.3 107.2 100.4 110.1 109.7 116. 2 118.2 120.5 88.4 90.2 91.1 91.2 92.5 91.7 94.1 95.3 95.9 95.9 93.8 85.4 89.7 92.3 92.6 93.9 94.9 92.1 95.5 98.0 100.5 99.4 95.8 106.0 106.9 107.5 104.4 101.0 100.4 100.8 104.6 108.8 113.0 113.9 113.0 101.9 109.4 108.7 102.1 98.6 100.6 96.5 104.6 111.5 119.7 120.2 116.0 83.7 84.1 84.5 88.9 89.1 90.1 88.4 85.9 86. 7 83.9 77.0 81.9 83.6 87.0 89.4 91.3 88.3 89.8 87.5 87.8 85.8 83.8 111. 1 116.0 119.0 121. 7 121.1 120.7 121.2 122.5 122.8 124.8 126.4 119.0 110.9 124.2 128.9 129.4 129.1 127.4 123.9 129.6 127.0 133.2 124.2 119.0 91.3 91.9 92.9 94.8 96.1 97.1 97.9 100.1 99.7 98.2 95.0 90.1 92.2 94.3 97.2 99.3 99.0 98.8 102.1 104.5 104.9 97.4 90.8 109.3 110.7 110.0 108.2 106.8 107.3 110.1 114.7 119.2 121.8 116.9 107.6 107.3 113.2 113.1 111.3 109.2 109.2 106.8 117.9 124.3 131.2 119.6 105.2 84.6 85.0 87.4 88.2 88.9 88.9 88.7 88.4 85.6 81.4 76.0 71.7 79.6 81.8 87.1 88.3 89.0 88.6 86.4 88.9 86.5 83.5 72.9 69.3 107.8 117.8 119.9 116.7 112.8 108.9 105.1 101.0 98.4 98.0 96.6 93.1 103.9 118.8 125.4 121.7 112.6 111.7 94.0 96.7 92.1 98.5 93.5 90.1 84.6 82.8 82.7 81.9 80.9 79.1 75.2 73.3 70.8 70.7 67.7 64.0 79.9 79.7 82.3 81.4 80.8 78.4 69.9 68.2 67.4 66.9 60 7 56.1 100.4 98.0 96.2 92.8 89.3 88.0 83.8 8s. 9 8o. 3 86 6 83 3 79.0 93.6 92.4 90.2 85.1 82.2 79.4 71.3 76.3 78.6 80.6 72.1 6 6 .2 70.1 71.2 69.1 68.9 69.1 67.1 64.0 62.0 58.3 58.9 57.6 56.9 64.4 67.6 67.1 67.6 69.4 67.2 59.6 59.2 55.1 54.5 51.2 50.0 87.5 92.3 91.4 92.3 89.3 8 8 .8 85.3 83.6 83.5 80.5 76.3 74.3 74.4 92.3 92.1 91.5 85.6 82.0 71.5 72.6 71.2 67.8 61.6 59.3 59.4 59.4 59.1 59.4 59.5 58.9 56.4 55.7 54.8 53.4 51.4 47.8 48 9 50 9 51.7 50 2 51.2 50.0 47.0 46.4 45.5 43.1 39.1 35.6 75.1 76.3 76.1 7s. 8 74.0 72.9 70.9 73.4 74.5 74.7 72.4 69.6 60.2 65.0 65.5 62.5 61.3 58.2 55.8 58.4 60.1 59.5 53.2 50.9 53.2 54.3 54.4 54.5 55.2 53.4 52.0 51.4 48.0 46.4 46.1 44.8 44.3 46.5 46.9 46.9 48.2 46.3 43.7 42.4 37.5 35.3 3 3 .3 32.8 88.0 58.1 56.8 59.6 55.0 52.6 49.2 34.2 36.9 36.6 39.5 37.7 34.4 Lumber, millwork Em ploy ment 101.0 60.6 59.0 57.8 57.5 55.2 54.4 51.3 50.4 50.5 52.8 52.2 51.2 Furniture 88.1 88.8 Em ploy Pay ment rolls 86.6 88.2 53 CHAP. 4.— RESULTS OF REVISION T a b l e 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1983, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Nonferrous metals and their products—Continued Month and year 19321 January--------------- -February ________ M arch.. . . . ______ April______________ M ay. . . . _____ ... June___. . . _______ July. ______ August____________ September_______ October_________ _ November_______ December... ______ 19331 January. _________ February ______... March______ April_____ ______ M ay... .. .. .. June______________ July_______________ August_____ _ . . . September_________ October_____ _ November_________ December----------- _. Lumber and allied products—-Continued Smelting and refining— Stamped and copper, lead, enameled ware and zinc Group index Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls 51.3 51. 2 49.5 47.9 45.7 44.8 43.0 39.9 40.6 43.5 42.2 43.5 33.4 34.0 30.4 29.2 28.4 26.5 24.3 21.9 23.7 26.0 24.9 25.0 70.7 73.7 75.4 73.3 72.2 69.4 63.7 64.0 69.3 67.8 70.7 67.0 51.8 57.3 58.8 55.5 52.1 48.2 40.2 41.2 47.6 47.7 46.6 41.2 45.1 45.0 43.0 42.0 40.7 39.9 38.5 38.3 39.9 41.5 *40.6 39.1 30.4 29.9 28.1 26.3 25.0 23.5 21.3 21.9 23.9 25.6 23.9 21.6 65.1 63.3 59.2 55.0 52.6 49.8 50.8 55.4 59.2 57.9 56.2 44.0 44.5 41.4 36.3 31.7 29.2 25.2 28.7 33.9 37.9 33.6 31.5 41.7 39.8 38.9 37.1 36.7 35.2 33.5 33.3 33.2 32.9 32.6 31.7 28.8 26.3 24.0 23.1 23.0 21.4 19.9 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.1 17.4 43.5 41.4 42.0 42.2 41.9 42.1 47.3 55.1 62.5 64.0 64.2 62.3 24.4 23.2 22.1 23.2 24.1 25.5 30.1 33.8 35.6 37.0 36.6 34.3 61.6 62.8 67.1 70.0 75.3 80.0 89.3 92.4 93.3 79.8 78.2 36.7 42.7 37.7 41.7 46.6 51.6 54.0 62.3 62.7 66.6 63.6 60.9 36.4 36.0 34.3 35.0 37.9 42.7 46.6 50.4 54.3 55.2 52.3 49.8 18.8 18.8 16.4 17.8 20.7 24.8 27.6 32.4 37.3 38.1 33.6 31.0 51.7 52.8 48.9 49.1 53.6 59.4 62.4 68.7 77.2 78. 5 72.4 65.9 26.1 27.9 22.1 24.4 28.8 34.0 36.0 43.9 52.8 55.0 45.0 40.1 29.3 30.0 27.7 29.4 31.8 34.9 38.7 39.8 39.9 38.7 37.2 36.3 15.4 15.0 13.1 15.3 17.4 20.1 22.7 23.8 24.1 23.5 68.0 i Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. Furniture 68.8 Lumber, millwork Em ploy Pay ment rolls 22.1 22.0 54 REVISED INDEXES —EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS T able 8 .— Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1928 to 1933 , and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=1001 Lumber and allied products— Continued Month and year 19231924192519261927192819291930193119321. 19331. Lumber, saw mills Turpentine and rosin Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment 103.6 98.8 97.6 95.5 86.6 84.4 87.7 67.6 41.1 26.1 28.7 102.5 99.2 98.3 96.6 89.0 87.2 90.7 67.6 33.6 14.2 16.0 107.7 100.0 92.3 119.0 126.0 88.6 71.9 83.6 Pay rolls 100.8 100.0 99.2 110.7 98.2 47.5 32.7 36.3 Stone, clay, and glass products tile, and Group index Brick, terra cotta Em ploy ment 100.4 98.9 100.7 103.8 99.9 95.7 93.8 80.2 63.7 44.6 45.0 Pay rolls 98.3 100.5 104.2 100.5 96.2 93.7 76.9 53.9 29.1 27.6 101.2 Em ploy ment 100.6 98.7 100.7 102.9 99.0 92.3 91.5 72.2 50.2 29.6 27.0 1923 January------96.4 85.8 91.3 82.8 84.9 February----98.9 88.5 92.3 83.7 84.4 March-------95.9 89.2 91.3 99.7 93.2 April_______ 102.0 98.5 101.0 97.7 102.3 May_______ 104.3 105.1 104.7 103.5 106.7 June----------107.3 109.8 105.8 104.5 108.5 July________ 108.1 109.0 104.0 99.5 110.0 August-------107.3 108.3 103.8 103.3 110.0 September. 107.4 108.6 103.3 103.6 108.3 October------106.0 108.8 102.5 105.9 105.0 November. 104.6 108.8 100.8 104.3 100.2 December— 101.6 99.1 101.2 95.8 105.6 1924 January____ 98.0 95.3 94.6 95.2 89.6 February----100.0 95.3 99.5 87.9 101.6 March-------99.6 102.5 100.0 103.5 94.6 April_______ 101.1 104.0 103.8 107.4 102.7 May----------104.2 107.8 106.6 102.0 104.6 June_______ 99.6 103.2 102.1 106.0 105.7 July_______ 98.2 95.8 96.5 94.2 103.0 August-------98.0 95.0 99.2 98.7 103.7 September98.2 98.0 98.1 97.5 100.3 October------98.5 98.2 98.1 100.5 99.0 November - .. 97.1 96.1 97.7 97.4 96.9 December__ 95.4 95.5 96.9 98.8 94.9 1925 January------94.7 88.6 92.3 89.5 87.7 February----96.2 95.3 93.7 95.3 87.6 March_____ 95.2 97.3 97.9 99.4 95.3 April______ 97.9 98.1 102.6 102.9 102.9 M ay_______ 98.8 100.5 103.9 105.3 107.7 June_______ 100.5 104.0 104.3 104.6 107.9 July_______ 99.3 99.7 99.9 97.3 107.9 August_____ 98.7 97.6 102.7 104.0 105.9 September-.. 99.8 101.5 103.5 101.5 104.8 October------98.8 101.4 103.8 106.2 101.8 November... 102.9 105.2 100.2 December— . 94.8 101.3 102.8 98.2 1926 January------92.3 87.8 96.3 94.0 92.2 February___ 92.0 92.6 97.1 96.8 91.2 March_____ 92.4 93.0 99.1 99.8 93.3 April_______ 96.6 96.0 102.6 101.7 100.1 May_______ 99.3 106.6 107.9 108.3 June----------101.9 108.6 110.7 110.6 July________ 97.4 105.9 103.4 111.9 August_____ 99.1 100.2 108.3 110.0 112.6 September. 97.0 100.1 108.6 107.2 110.2 October------95.4 100.3 106.9 109.6 105.9 November. 93.7 97.5 105.3 106.9 101.8 December__ 91.5 93.2 100.8 102.9 96.2 1 Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. Pay rolls 98.1 Cement Em ploy Pay ment rolls 12.0 95.0 104.0 102.1 98.3 92.6 90.3 84.6 65.8 44.9 41.1 94.6 102.9 102.5 100.9 101.1 96.9 92.9 83.4 56.9 27.7 72.9 71.9 82.5 96.3 107.3 109.5 107.9 110.2 109.5 109.0 103.3 97.2 84.9 86.8 90.4 92.4 95.2 96.7 99.5 98.7 99.2 98.5 99.5 98.0 81.9 83.7 87.2 89.1 92.9 95.3 97.7 100.8 102.4 102.8 101.7 99.3 89.2 90.1 96.1 105.9 96.6 96.1 98.2 100.5 103.0 102.5 103.4 104.1 103.2 101.1 100.8 101.8 96.7 87.5 84.7 62.2 35.2 14.0 111.8 111.6 104.9 105.6 100.3 102.4 98.8 97.0 101.0 101.8 102.6 99.4 22.2 94.5 98.6 104.3 104.1 109.0 103.5 106.1 105.9 104.8 102.4 99.9 101.1 84.3 87.6 95.3 103.3 109.5 109.5 107.5 107.8 102.4 103.1 100.5 98.8 94.5 92.7 96.6 102.5 105.3 107.8 108.9 109.8 110.3 109.0 106.7 104.4 85.5 90.9 95.5 100.0 104.2 107.2 106.9 110.7 109.8 108.7 108.7 89.3 89.2 92.4 95.9 108.6 112.7 108.9 113.1 107.5 106.2 101.7 95.7 95.9 94.9 94.4 98.2 103.3 106.5 107.8 108.3 107.6 106.2 103.6 98.4 87.9 91.3 95.1 102.7 108.7 105.1 113.1 108.8 109.0 105.1 98.0 102.0 86.2 55 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OP REVISION T a b l e 8 . — Indexes o f employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933 , and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Month and year Lumber and allied products— Continued Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued Lumber, saw mills tile, and Group index Brick, terra cotta Em ploy ment 1927 January____________ February................... March____. . . .. April______________ May........ ............. June______ ______ July_______________ August____________ September. _______ October____________ November. ______ December__________ 1928 January.___________ February.............. ....... March_________ _. April______________ M a y ...___________ June______________ July_______________ August____________ September. _ ______ October .. ____ ___ November_________ December__________ 1929 January_______ ____ February___ ____ March______ ____ _ April____ ____ ____ M a y ..___ _ __ June_______ ______ July______ _______ August... __ ____ . September.. _______ October_____ ___ November.. ______ December__________ 1930 January____________ February__________ March..................... April______________ May............................ June_______ ______ July_______________ August_________ ___ September................... October______ _____ November ________ December____ ____ _ 1931 January....... .......... . February__________ M arch.. ____ ____ April________ ______ May_______________ June.. ___________ July_______________ August__ _________ September_________ October____________ November_________ December.................. Pay rolls Turpentine and rosin Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy Pay ment rolls 91.6 89.5 94.9 98.6 101.1 103.3 104.2 104.2 103.5 100.7 97.1 90.6 85.5 85.3 85.7 88.0 88.3 88.0 88.5 88.7 87.2 85.3 81.4 84.1 85.9 87.5 86.5 91.9 92.6 89.0 91.1 92.6 92.3 90.0 84.9 93.9 95.1 99.6 103.3 104.9 105. 2 100.9 101.6 101.4 99.6 99.1 94.6 90.6 96.6 101. 7 105. 2 108.4 106.5 98.6 102.3 100.8 101.3 99.1 95.3 89.4 87.6 94.9 103.4 107.9 108.1 107.7 105.2 102. 2 97.4 94.9 89.0 84.4 87.5 94.7 101.4 109.3 108.1 104.2 103.1 98.4 94.2 90.8 84.4 78.8 78.8 81.2 83.4 84.4 86.3 85.1 87.2 87.8 87. 6 87. 2 84.9 77.3 79.8 84.1 86. 7 89.6 90.1 87.9 89.8 91.3 92.2 90.6 87.1 88.7 89.3 92. 4 94.9 98.8 99.6 97.4 100.3 99.7 97.9 95. 6 93.2 87.5 89.4 92. 7 96.2 95.3 101.5 99.2 100.6 96.9 94.7 81.7 81.7 85.8 90.5 96.3 97.8 99.0 99.5 97.8 95.1 93.1 89.8 75.2 75.6 80.2 85.6 92.4 93.8 93.0 95.2 92.4 91.7 88.5 82.3 82.5 83.9 87.3 89. 5 91.0 91.2 92.9 91.4 89.0 87. 2 83.7 79.9 82. 5 84. 7 90.1 94.6 94.1 95.6 95.5 97. 2 95. 6 91.2 87.8 88.3 90.6 94.7 97. 3 98.2 95.5 98.4 98.1 96.6 93.5 86.8 84.7 87.1 91.3 96.1 98.7 99.6 91.9 98.4 98.5 97.8 93.4 87.1 77.8 75.0 75. 7 75.2 74.6 72.1 67.8 64.5 61.1 59.7 56.0 51.8 75.5 74.3 79.3 79.7 79.1 76.5 67.2 61.9 60.3 58. 3 52. 3 46.9 78.6 79.5 82.8 86.0 86.7 85.6 80.3 79.7 79.4 78.0 75.0 70.8 46.6 45.9 45.0 45.4 45.4 44.9 41.9 40.3 38.4 36.5 34.0 29.3 38.6 38.5 39.1 37.6 39.1 38.8 35.1 33.0 31.7 28.1 24.2 19.1 62.9 64.0 66.5 68.9 70.4 69.7 65.1 64.2 63.0 59.8 56.5 53.0 86.8 88.1 97.0 93.5 92.2 98.5 96.9 94.5 90.4 80.7 85.5 79.0 78.8 76.1 47.8 55.0 57.5 56.2 53.3 48.5 50.5 42.8 43.6 41.9 37.6 35.2 Cement 86.8 88.2 95.3 109.9 108.6 106.3 108.2 106.9 105.7 100.8 93.4 102.6 86.1 84.3 86.9 90.2 94.1 96.9 97.8 99.6 97.1 95.8 93.2 89.6 89.5 85.2 87.9 95.9 100.9 102.1 104.7 106.0 101.7 102.0 95.3 91.1 81.3 79.0 82. 3 90. 5 96.5 98.8 100.3 100.6 99.5 95.9 90.7 82.1 73.6 71.4 76.6 85.5 91.9 94.2 91.0 93.1 91.2 89.6 83.6 75.1 85.6 84.9 87.3 89.5 92.4 94.7 95.5 95.7 94.4 91.4 88.7 83.6 81.6 84.1 88.1 92.9 96.9 99.9 97.5 100.7 100.6 95.8 90.9 86.3 73.4 76.9 80.7 85.1 85.7 85.1 74.3 75.1 75.4 75.7 70.0 65.2 68.7 67.1 71.3 77.4 80.1 79.8 77.1 75.4 73.7 70.0 65.9 60.0 57.0 57.4 62.8 69.9 72.2 72.3 64.7 64.8 63.9 60.8 53.6 47.5 76.0 75.9 82.0 88.5 93.2 95.4 91.7 91.8 88.3 84.1 77.5 70.7 72.0 74.8 82.0 91.1 95.8 101.9 90.1 90.6 87.3 83.7 69.7 62.0 53.6 57.8 60.5 62.7 63.4 60.8 53.5 52.5 50.2 47.9 43.9 39.9 48.2 48.6 52.1 55.9 57.5 57.5 54.9 52.2 49.7 45.2 42.9 37.7 35.1 37.2 40.3 42.1 43.1 41.3 37.3 34.8 32.8 29.2 26.8 22.3 63.1 63.8 67.3 71.6 74.0 71.7 71.9 68.1 64.4 62.8 57.8 53.5 50.5 57.3 60.6 65.7 69.6 68.8 63.8 59.5 53.9 50.4 44.9 37.8 100.1 100.1 86.0 56 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS T able 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1923 to 1933 , and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Month and year 19321 January____________ F eb ru ary.________ March. April_____________ May_______________ June... July_______________ August____________ September__ ... ... October__________ . November_________ December__________ 19331 January... _________ February. _ . _____ M arch.. _________ April.._ __________ May______________ June.. ___________ July_______________ August__ _____ ____ September.. ______ October _ _____ November_____ ... December________ _ 1 Lumber and allied products— Continued Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued Lumber saw mills tile, and Group index Brick, terra cotta Turpentine and rosin Em ploy Pay ment rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment 27.6 26.6 26.0 26.6 26.4 26.4 25.6 25.4 25.9 26.6 25.9 24.6 15.8 15.3 15.0 15.0 15.0 14.5 13.3 13.0 13.5 14.3 13.5 76.7 75.3 72.5 72.0 70.7 70.8 71.9 66.8 67.8 72.7 72.0 73.7 34.6 36.1 30.7 32.3 34.2 31.6 33.9 31.8 30.4 32.6 31.9 32.4 46.9 47.6 47.7 47.8 45.8 43.3 41.7 42.1 43.3 44.5 43.5 40.5 32.5 34.3 33.8 33.6 31.2 27.6 25.4 26.0 26.5 28.0 26.4 24.3 31.4 29.8 29.8 31.2 31.9 30.1 29.7 30.3 29.9 29.2 27.7 24.1 16.2 15.2 14.5 15.3 16.0 14.1 13.4 14.0 14.0 13.3 11.7 10.1 48.1 47.2 47.0 47.3 45.1 45.2 44.3 41.5 45.7 46.7 44.7 35.9 31.7 31.8 30.8 30.2 30.3 28.9 26.1 25.4 26.6 27.3 25.1 18.6 23.0 22.0 21.4 22.3 23.7 27.3 30.8 33.6 35.6 36.2 34.7 33.3 10.5 10.0 9.6 10.2 11.5 14.4 17.0 20.1 23.2 23.3 70.0 65.9 67.5 63.5 71.9 81.1 83.5 89.4 97.6 103.9 101.1 107.7 31.9 27.9 28.9 26.4 31.2 33.2 34.2 36.3 43.3 48.3 45.3 48.9 35.2 36.5 36.9 38.4 41.3 45.9 49.3 52.8 52.9 51.6 50.3 49.0 20.7 21.4 19.4 19.6 19.5 21.5 24.4 27.9 33.3 35.6 34.8 31.8 29.2 27.1 7.9 7.9 7.3 8.1 9.8 12.5 15.5 17.4 16.5 14.9 13.6 12.7 32.6 32.3 32.6 38.7 40.5 46.5 50.2 53.1 48.0 41.4 41.2 36.6 16.3 16.1 16.5 18.5 21.3 25.3 27.8 32.0 25.8 24.7 23.0 19.1 11.8 21.8 20.0 21.2 21.6 24.5 28.6 29.9 33.9 33.5 33.6 31.8 31.0 Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. Cement Pay rolls 57 CHAP. 4.— RESULTS OE REVISION T 8.— Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933 , and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued able [3-year average 1923-25=100] Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued Month and year Glass Em ploy ment Pay rolls Marble, gran ite, slate, and other products Em ploy ment Pay rolls Pottery Em ploy ment Pay rolls Textiles and their products Group index Em ploy ment 1923_______________ 105.1 103.4 104.5 101.7 98.5 97.8 105.2 1924_______________ 95.5 96.9 100.0 100.0 103.8 104.3 94.9 1925_______________ 99.4 99.7 95.5 98.3 97.7 97.9 99.9 103.8 103.9 99.7 99.3 99.9 1926 1927_______________ 94.3 93.6 105.6 113.0 98.0 94.5 104.0 98.8 93.9 101.3 1928_______________ 92.6 94. 5 1929_______________ 96.7 100.9 98.7 104.0 94.7 91.4 104.8 83.8 82.9 82.9 74.1 92.9 1930_____ __ 1931_______________ 71.5 66.5 72.2 68.8 72.3 56.4 87.2 19321______________ 58.9 45.9 43.2 31.8 57.0 35.1 76.7 19331______________ 69.8 52.9 33.7 20.7 60.2 35.8 87.9 1923 90.8 83.5 107.4 January. _ ____ ___ 105.4 99.1 February. _____... 107.3 100.0 93.5 88.9 109.0 March.. ________ 107.0 102. 6 95.0 89.5 110.6 April.. . . . _____ 107.9 107.9 95.8 96.1 109.4 97.9 97.8 108.2 M ay_____ ____ ... 111.7 110.1 99.2 96.9 106.4 111.6 June.. __ _ _ __ 109.5 95.4 89.9 103.3 July_______________ 103.7 96.3 99.5 98.4 102. 2 102.3 August.._ _ __ 101. 6 102. 7 102. 7 102.7 September. _ _______ 99.6 98. 6 103.2 107. 5 101.6 October_______ _ 101.8 105.1 November. _ ______ 103.4 107. 6 108.5 100.6 101.8 103.9 110.4 101.0 December______ ... 102.7 105. 3 1924 January._______ _ _ 96.8 99. 6 103.7 108.1 101.4 February___ 101.3 107.7 104.5 114.1 103.3 March________ _ 105.2 109.9 108.3 117.0 102.0 April. ___________ 104.7 108.0 108.9 116.3 97.4 M ay_______ _ __ 101.3 102.1 105. 6 113.3 93.8 June___ ._ .. 95.6 96.7 104. 5 106.3 91.2 July_______________ 88.0 83.1 87. 9 77.1 85.4 A ugust___________ 86.1 83.4 106.9 100.6 87.6 September____ ... 87.6 86.3 106. 3 101.3 90.8 October______ ... 91.8 93.6 103. 2 102.1 94.2 November_________ 92.7 95.1 102.5 91.0 93.9 December. ______ 94.5 96.7 103. 2 103.8 97.2 1925 January____________ 93.6 93.7 98.6 97.1 98.7 February______ _ 96.7 100.8 104.4 106.7 101.4 March. ______ ______ 98.5 101.6 103. 7 106. 9 101.8 A pril_____________ 99.8 101. 2 105. 2 104.0 101.1 May___ _________ 97.5 99.0 102. 6 102.5 99.0 June_______ _____ 98.0 97.1 100. 6 96. 6 98.4 July_______________ 97.0 91. 7 72.0 64.4 96.7 August____ ________ 96.1 94.6 96.5 97.7 97.7 September. _ _____ 99.5 94.6 97.6 96.2 98.2 October._____ ... __ 104.6 106.8 98.9 103.3 101.3 November___ _____ 106.0 109.1 96.8 99. 5 102.0 December_____ _ __ 105.3 106.1 95. 6 99.6 102.2 1926 January__________ ^ 101.3 101. 6 94. 4 92.0 102.7 February___ _____ 103.3 105.1 98. 6 100.8 103.3 March.. __ _______ 106.6 108.2 99. 3 102. 2 103.4 April_____ _______ 105.6 106.2 101.5 103. 7 101.2 M ay_______ _____ _ 104.7 105. 5 100. 7 101. 6 98.9 June___... . . . ____ 105.9 106.1 100. 5 97.4 101. 2 July_______________ 99.1 95. 0 91. 8 85. 8 93.3 August______ 100.3 99.6 101. 0 99. 6 95.1 September.. . . . 104. 7 100. 5 102. 2 97. 7 98.5 October________ ... 106.1 107.1 101. 4 103. 9 101.1 November________ 106. 5 108.0 102. 9 100. 5 101.0 December__________ 101.9 104.2 101.8 103! 1 103.1 1 Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. Fabrics Pay rolls Em ploy Pay ment rolls 105.8 93.8 100.4 100.2 106.8 101.7 105.2 85.6 75.1 53.5 61.2 105.4 94.2 100.4 99.2 101.3 96.2 99.2 86.0 80.3 71.9 103.8 107.5 111.5 108.1 111.4 108.9 104.5 103.5 103.5 104.5 100.0 102.3 107.3 108.2 109.5 109.8 109.6 107.9 103.1 101.7 103.2 106.9 103.3 96.0 89.8 85.7 78.6 85.1 90.6 95.0 91.7 99.7 101.1 105.8 106.9 101.1 98.4 95.8 95.7 98.3 94.4 102.1 101.9 103.0 104.0 106.7 106.9 100.7 96.3 95.1 89.6 94.8 97.7 103.8 100.7 105.8 86.2 101.8 101.0 102.0 102.7 100.6 101.6 100.4 96.8 93.8 90.9 83.8 85.9 89.5 93.8 95.0 98.8 99.9 101.5 101.8 102.1 101.0 99.8 96.3 96.9 97.3 101.7 103.3 103.5 103.3 102.6 102.4 100.8 98.6 96.7 92.3 93.3 97.1 100.2 101.1 101.8 106.0 93.4 99.4 103.8 95.8 99.4 79.4 70.2 50.9 62.2 100.6 101.0 103.1 106.0 108.1 115.1 111.3 103.6 102.8 105.4 104.5 103.6 107.6 103.2 105. 7 101.7 96.4 91.4 84.9 75.6 81.4 87.1 94.6 94.9 103.3 102.5 104.7 105.4 103.3 102.3 97.3 94.1 95.6 91.7 101.9 103.5 105.3 103.9 104.1 103.8 100.8 97.1 94.7 88.4 92.0 96.0 103.3 103.1 105.2 58 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS T able 8 .— Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued Month and year Em ploy ment 1927 January____________ February. _ _______ March. ___________ April_____________ M ay. ___________ June______________ July __________ . August ___________ September________ October. __________ November_________ December________ _ 1928 January______ ____ February___ _______ March______ _____ April_____ _____ ___ M ay____________ . June_______________ July______ ... August________ ... September. _ ______ O ctober._____ ____ Novem ber_______ December____ _____ 1929 January__________ . February._ ________ March_______ ___ _ April. ______ M a y ________ _ . June_________ _____ July_______________ August ___________ September___ ___ October______ ___ _ November___ __ ._ December_______ __ 1930 January____________ February__________ March_______ ___ _ April_____ ________ M ay_____________ . June.. ________ .. July_______________ August ___________ September. _____ October_________ . November_________ December______ _ 1931 January____________ February. ------------March_____________ A pril_____________ M ay. ... ________ June____ ________ July_______________ August______ _. . September_________ October_________ _ November_________ December__________ Marble, gran ite, slate, and other products Glass Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Pottery Textiles and their products— Continued Group index Fabrics Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em Pay ploy rolls ment 89.4 105.2 106.7 103.1 95.6 90.8 70.3 89.0 90.0 95.7 96.5 103.6 105.8 106.0 104.4 103.1 102.7 100.9 102.4 104.3 105.2 104.9 104.6 105.5 101.7 111.5 102.8 111.7 102.7 106.2 102.1 104.6 101.2 104.3 101.0 101.5 98.7 105.1 99.5 107.6 101.1 109.7 101.7 105.7 102.1 107.7 101.1 102.9 107.0 107.1 104.5 104.4 103.4 97.9 101.2 102.9 105.7 103.7 104.6 94.2 97.1 96.5 92.2 77.0 92.3 91.0 94.8 93.0 93.8 104.1 105.6 104.8 101.9 99.3 98.9 95.8 97.1 99.1 102.4 103.3 103.8 104.9 108.5 107.1 99.2 97.3 97.5 93.2 96.5 99.7 106.2 103.1 106.6 99.0 100.5 98.8 93.9 93.6 92.6 87.8 89.5 91.8 99.2 99.7 92.2 97.1 99.0 98.5 96.5 96.2 91.1 89.8 92.7 93.3 95.2 89.7 90. 7 97.5 99. 5 99.5 98. 2 95.9 85.8 88. 5 89. 3 94.1 93. 6 90.2 99.1 104.3 104.3 101.7 100.3 99.5 80.5 92.9 94.9 97.0 99.5 102.5 85. 6 86.8 90.9 92. 6 95.3 95.4 90.8 95. 7 97.8 95.4 92.6 92.4 83.9 88. 5 91.8 94.8 95! 9 96.1 97. 101. 5 100.0 98.1 98.5 102.9 101.4 99.7 99.6 99.8 90.2 97.7 98.2 100.2 99.1 98.4 99. 92.6 93.4 99. 2 103. 2 103. 0 103.0 103. 0 90. 7 102. 0 104.8 106.3 104. 2 98.1 96.2 97.0 98.6 97.7 97.3 94.4 87.1 92.0 92.5 93.7 94.8 94.6 85.6 93.1 94.5 97.3 93.8 91.0 77.7 89.0 91.5 95.0 94.2 93.8 103.5 103.5 105.7 109.9 107.2 112.3 106.1 108.2 105.3 106.1 105.0 105.2 102.1 98.6 103.1 103.1 105.4 106.4 107.0 108.8 104.4 101.2 102.3 99.0 88.3 92.2 95.1 93.4 91.1 87.3 77.1 75.0 77.5 78.4 76. 5 73.9 87.6 95.0 95.9 95.1 92.9 89.0 72.3 71.6 74. 2 77.0 73. 7 70.2 90.8 91.3 89.8 89.2 84.8 81.3 74.5 78.0 78.2 79.5 79.5 77.8 84.1 86.7 85.4 84.5 76.2 70.9 61.4 64.2 64.9 71.0 71.5 68.9 100.7 100.9 100.3 98.1 95.0 92.8 86.0 86.4 89.4 89.9 94.5 93.9 92.3 90.8 88.2 86.6 96.7 98.4 98.0 91.7 86.1 83.0 74.8 77.5 82.9 83.3 77.9 76.9 80.5 79.4 80.7 81.7 82.4 80.9 89.6 90.7 88.3 85.2 81.9 78.8 69.5 69.8 72.9 75.9 75.3 74.6 75.7 76.5 75.9 77.2 78.6 74.2 67.9 69.9 69.7 69.2 67.9 64.4 58.6 63.7 65.5 68.6 66.9 56.2 46.4 51.2 49.0 52.4 51.2 47.5 84.9 91.2 90.5 89.9 87.4 85.6 87.3 88.4 86.4 83.6 82.7 73.4 82.0 85.7 81.1 78.1 74.5 73.1 76.1 75.0 71.7 65.7 65.2 78.2 80.8 82.6 81.9 82.9 81.0 80.1 80.5 80.5 78.8 78.1 77.8 69.0 75.1 76.5 74.6 75.4 71.7 69.6 71.1 68.2 65.9 62.8 62.9 90.8 95. 2 97.3 98. 3 97.8 98. 4 91. 2 98.1 100.0 101.1 6 68.8 71.6 73.7 74.3 75.3 77.4 70.1 72.0 73.3 70.0 65.9 65.9 88.6 97.6 6 62.9 71.3 73.3 72.3 73.3 73.8 65.1 65.7 65.2 61.8 57.1 56.0 76.3 77.4 80.1 81.2 81.4 79.7 71.7 69.9 68.6 65.2 59.9 55.5 76.6 75.8 79.0 83.0 81.6 78.1 66.0 63.8 61.7 59.8 52.4 47.7 101.2 102.8 102.6 88.6 99.7 98.8 96.5 94.4 93.9 91.2 91.5 92.9 96.5 98.7 99.6 100.1 98.8 100.1 100.4 100.0 100.1 99.6 97.4 97.3 99.4 100.9 99.3 96.9 88.6 86.6 102.8 97.8 103.0 102.9 102.4 100.0 95.0 96.3 98.8 102.7 97.1 94.3 102.6 59 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OF REVISION T 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued able [3-year average, 1923-25=100] Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued Month and year 19321 January-----------------February__________ March.. .. ... . ... April---------------------M ay. ________ June.. ___________ July_______________ August____________ September.. --------October____________ November_______ December___ _____ 19331 January______ _____ February__________ M a rc h ..---------------April---------------------M a y .------- --------June______________ July_______________ August____________ September.. _____ October_______ ____ November_________ December_______ _ 1 Marble, gran ite, slate, and other products Glass Textiles and their products— Continued Pottery Group index Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls 60.5 63.8 65.3 63.6 59.3 58.1 54.8 53.0 54.7 57.4 58.2 57.6 48.6 55.3 54.1 53.3 49.9 46.7 40.1 38.8 38.7 42.0 42.8 40.9 45.4 46.5 45.4 46.3 42.5 36.5 41.2 45.3 45.9 44.9 40.4 37.5 35.8 35.9 36.7 37.8 31.5 24.8 29.4 32.5 32.5 32.2 26.3 25.6 61.1 64.5 64.6 63.2 59.5 54.2 45.1 48.6 50.9 56.2 58.5 58.0 41.6 45.2 45.3 42.2 36.1 29.5 22.8 25.0 28.0 35.1 35.5 34.6 81.1 84.4 82.7 76.9 71.2 66.7 62.0 69.7 79.8 84.0 82.1 80.2 62.2 66.5 64.5 54.2 45.9 41.3 36.9 46.3 57.1 60.5 55.0 51.6 76.5 79.1 76.1 69.9 64.8 60.7 58.9 66.7 75.5 79.3 78.2 76.9 59.7 62.9 58.3 48.9 42.0 38.9 36.3 44.4 54.4 58.1 54.5 52.4 53.4 55.7 57.0 59.9 64.6 71.1 72.0 77.8 80.4 81.1 82.2 82.9 39.0 40.4 39.9 43.2 49.6 56.2 53.8 59.6 62.2 63.5 63.0 64. 4 29.1 31.8 32.4 27.5 28.4 33.3 36.6 37.8 38.6 39.3 35.5 34.3 19.1 19.5 20.5 15.2 16.5 20.7 23.5 24.0 23.9 24.9 20.5 51.0 53.5 53.1 52.8 54.7 57.6 59.6 65.1 67.0 69.6 69.1 69.1 26.3 29.1 28.5 28.0 29.3 32.7 33.5 42.9 43.6 47.1 45.1 43.9 77.9 80.9 76.0 78.3 82.3 89.7 95.4 97.8 98.2 97.7 92.9 48.3 52.6 45.2 49.0 52.0 59.3 64.4 74.1 78.7 77.4 69.7 64.0 75.4 76.4 70.5 72.1 78.3 88.4 96.7 99.3 97.6 96.7 93.5 89.7 48.5 50.4 42.4 44.7 52.1 62.5 69.2 79.2 77.6 77.5 73.2 20.2 Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. Fabrics 88.0 Em Pay ploy rolls ment 68.6 60 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS T able 8 .— Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average, 1923-25=100] Textiles and their products—Continued Month and year Carpets and rugs Cotton goods Cotton small wares Dyeing and finishing tex tiles Hats, fur-felt Em ploy ment Em ploy ment Em ploy ment Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy Pay ment rolls 96.1 92.7 114.2 121.5 121.8 124.8 108. 7 101.2 72.3 73.6 106.4 97.1 96.5 Pay rolls Pay rolls Pay rolls 1923_______________ 103.8 109.2 106.7 110.1 104.4 105.5 97.4 1924_______________ 96.2 93.3 92.5 91.6 92.6 91.8 93.9 1925_______________ 100.0 97.5 100.8 98.3 103.0 102.7 108.7 110.8 1926__________ _____ 97.8 93.8 101.9 98.5 1927_______________ 96.9 94.5 105.8 105.7 95.3 101.3 113.5 1928_______________ 92.8 85. 7 95.5 88.4 114.9 1929_______________ 96.2 90.1 96.1 90.1 97.4 102.1 121.8 74. 2 59. 7 80.7 69.4 112.0 1930____ 1931_______________ 67.5 54.3 74.5 61.0 81.7 76.8 103.3 19321______________ 52.0 32.2 67.8 44.6 68.7 52.4 89.3 19331______________ 60.6 42.6 87.5 62.1 77.4 58.8 94.8 1923 January.__________ 104. 5 109.5 111.9 107. 5 101.0 99.8 February. . _______ 102.8 103.7 112.4 107. 7 100.6 M arch.. ________ 103.8 106.5 113. 7 110.0 101.2 April__ . ._ _____ 103.4 103. 7 113.4 113. 4 103. 5 112.2 113.3 121.3 May_______ _ 100.0 96.1 June________ _ __ _ 103.6 111.8 111.3 115. 9 Julv_______________ 104.0 107.4 102.5 106.1 96.4 90.7 August ______ - . 103.9 108.0 100.2 107. 8 92.1 Septem ber.._____ 103. 6 111.3 101.4 111. 7 96.5 October.. __ _ 104. 2 114. 6 98.5 103. 5 November _ 104.5 114.2 100.1 103.6 96.4 98.3 December.. _______ 104.3 107.2 102.2 112.8 1924 January____ ___ 103. 7 103.3 100.3 109.8 88.7 94. 5 February _____ ___ 104. 6 111. 6 100. 6 107. 9 94.4 M arch.. __________ 107.2 116.7 97. 7 100.4 94.1 April. . ________ 101.3 102.2 94.2 95. 2 96.3 91.9 91. 5 89. 4 92.0 M a y __________90. 0 June ________ ___ 88. 0 75. 5 89. 7 83.0 89.0 July _____ ___- 83. 7 70.0 82.0 73. 5 87.4 84. 3 74.6 78. 0 87. 5 August__ _________ September. _ ______ 89.9 83.3 86. 8 82. 7 93.8 October .. _________ 93. 8 92. 7 91. 6 89.7 98.0 November _______ 97.6 97.7 92. 2 88. 6 100.6 December___ . .. 101.4 100.5 98.9 101. 5 103.6 1925 January____________ 102. 2 104.6 101.1 102.0 105. 5 February __ .. _ 102.8 104.1 102.5 103. 3 107.9 March __________ 103. 8 105. 5 102. 7 104. 3 109. 6 110. 5 April ____________ 104.1 102. 5 103.5 104.1 May __ - _____- 103.1 101.5 102.4 102.1 108.8 104. 5 June ___________ 99. 6 95. 3 101. 2 96. 5 94. 2 88. 7 94.2 89. 5 105. 5 July __________ 105.4 August. . _________ 95.8 90.6 95.1 90.4 September _ ____ _ 96. 2 89.1 94. 5 84. 2 107.7 O ctober._________ 96. 7 93.8 101.9 97. 6 111.9 November_____ ___ 100.3 97.5 104.5 100.6 113. 2 December ________ 101.1 96.8 105. 6 104.9 113.3 1926 114.1 January _ ______ - 101.4 99.1 105.7 104.4 101.0 95.9 106.1 105.6 February. _____ 114.3 March ___ ____ 102. 5 96.8 107. 0 106. 8 114. 5 April ___________ 101.8 95.3 105.9 105.0 112.5 M ay ... 98. 2 88.9 103.0 97.1 110.0 93.6 88.4 100.3 94. 2 June.. ____ 108. 5 July ____________ 90.5 82.9 93.6 83. 8 104.1 August .. _____ - 93.7 89.1 93.3 86. 5 106.9 September. _______ _ 94.7 91.4 99.1 94.7 109.1 October__________ _ 97.3 94.8 102.0 99. 2 111. 1 November__ ____ 99.3 101. 7 102.8 100.4 112.4 December______ ... 99.6 101.6 104.4 104.7 112.5 i Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. 111.2 97.4 97. 9 99.8 100.5 104. 5 96.4 92.4 84.1 89.4 96.1 94.5 99.9 88.3 95. 5 92. 7 92. 2 88.8 84.0 81. 4 84. 8 94. 9 99. 5 100. 6 110. 2 110. 8 113. 3 116. 2 112. 5 110.1 103. 2 103. 7 104. 2 105. 5 119. 0 117.4 119.0 117.4 119.9 120. 0 116.1 111. 2 107. 5 102. 0 107. 0 112.9 118. 4 118. 2 119.2 101.2 105.3 89.6 71.7 77.5 107.4 90.5 102.1 114.1 112.3 82.5 57.6 65.8 61 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OF REVISION T a b l e 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933 , and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Textiles and their products—Continued Month and year 1927 January ____________ February__________ March.......................... April______________ May_____________ . June________ ______ July_______________ August------------------September_________ October____________ November___ _ _ . December____ 1928 January____________ February---------------March. ______ ____ April______________ M ay__________ ____ June_______________ July_______________ August____________ September_________ October... ----------November_________ December............... 1929 January-----------------February---------------March. ---------- -------April -------------------M ay_______________ June.. . . . ------- .. July_______________ August___________ September._ . . . _ October------ ------November___ _ __ December--------------1930 January---------------February _ . ... ... M a r c h ..---------------April— ___ _____ M ay... ----------- ... June.. -----------------July_______________ August------------------September-------------October---- ---------November_________ December--------------1931 January-----------------February--------- -----March_____________ April............................. M ay............................. June_______________ July— . ...................... . August......................... September............... October........................ November................... December.................... 91911°—35---- 5 Carpets and rugs Cotton goods Cotton small wares Dyeing and finishing tex tiles Hats, fur-felt Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Em ploy ment Em ploy Pay ment rolls 98.2 100.9 95.8 97.1 95.3 87.8 92.8 89.9 89.5 90.8 96.1 105.0 106.5 106.9 106.4 106.1 106.2 105.6 104.7 105.9 106.2 106.1 103.7 103.7 107.6 109.1 107.5 106.9 106. 6 103.5 104.2 105.7 107.0 104.1 102.9 95.0 96.0 95.4 94.1 92.7 89.2 87.5 88.2 88.3 94.0 95.8 97.0 90.8 89.6 90.7 83.5 83.3 77.6 76.5 80.0 83.2 89.2 90.6 93.2 102.4 101.4 99.7 97.3 92.7 92.0 90.1 88.9 90.8 94.4 97.4 98.7 96.6 94.7 92.3 88.2 84.4 82.5 81.7 79.5 83.1 89.5 92.6 95.9 98.1 98.5 99.3 98.9 97.2 95.7 92.1 94.3 93.1 97.8 96.8 93.1 90.8 92.0 92.6 92.2 91.4 88.7 82.5 87.3 88.0 96.2 94.7 84.2 99.0 99.6 99.0 97.2 97.5 97.4 94.1 92.1 94.7 95.6 94.4 92.8 93.7 96.1 95.9 94.6 93.3 91.0 86.8 84.3 86.8 89.7 85.3 83.5 91.0 88.9 86.7 85.5 78.2 71.3 62.5 66.9 65.2 67.9 65.7 60.2 80.6 76.6 73.0 69.6 60.4 51.3 46.2 50.0 50.6 55.9 53.5 49.0 91.1 89.2 88.2 87.4 84.2 81.5 76.0 72.9 74.3 74.2 75.1 74.4 81.3 80.3 78.5 77.9 73.6 69.6 61.3 58.2 61.1 63.1 63.1 65.2 61.9 66.3 70.5 71.6 72.6 71.8 70.3 71.7 65.6 65.6 62.0 60.3 47.0 58.3 60.1 60.4 61.3 59.3 57.2 56.2 50.7 49.4 47.1 44.5 72.8 72.8 76.2 76.6 78.4 76.2 75.3 74.0 74.3 72.9 72.2 72.4 61.6 62.1 65.8 67.3 68.5 64.1 61.9 60.4 58.6 56.4 52.5 53.2 100.6 100.5 100.2 99.2 97.5 96.6 95.3 94.2 93.8 93.4 94.5 96.6 100.2 Pay rolls 112.1 113.6 114.4 114.5 112.8 111.6 109.6 111.1 113.3 115.5 116.6 116.4 Pay rolls 118.1 123.8 125.0 123.8 119.2 117.7 112.9 117.1 122.8 126.6 124.6 126.2 115.8 120.6 117.7 126.8 116. 7 127.1 114.4 120.8 113. 3 120.6 111.3 115.4 109. 7 110.6 111. 0 113.7 112. 5 117.7 116.0 125.8 119. 2 129.2 121. 2 133.0 126.5 123.4 133.6 124. 4 133. 5 123. 8 130. 7 122. 7 129. 7 121. 4 123.0 119. 2 117. 5 118. 0 li9. 2 121. 6 122. 5 323.8 126.8 122.3 118.5 120. 7 116.1 120.0 117.6 121.9 122. 2 121. 1 124.0 118. 6 118.9 114.5 111.7 108.9 99.0 90. 3 101. 2 103.9 94.8 102. 3 99.1 109.3 107.9 110. 7 109.5 109.6 111.0 120.8 82.5 87.1 91.3 91.2 88.0 82.8 79.4 77.5 77.1 75.9 75.1 72.7 80.9 89.2 95.8 90.4 86.1 77.1 72.3 68.8 67.4 68.3 63.3 62.5 110.5 113.4 113.0 110.5 107.6 101.0 96.7 98.2 100.4 96.3 95.6 96.0 107.0 119.7 117.7 113.1 105.9 95.6 92.5 97.3 96.4 89.4 89.0 90.3 94.9 96.8 97.6 95.9 88.8 84.9 91.5 93.5 93.6 85.5 76.3 76.1 91.8 96.9 87.9 74.2 77.7 76.4 S7.9 97.4 100.6 74.3 62.7 61,8 62 T REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS 8 . — Indexes o f employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued able [3-year average, 1923-25=100] Textiles and their products—Continued Month and year 19321 January.......... ............ February. ------------M arch.. _________ April______________ May-------------June_______________ July_______________ August____________ September_________ October-----------------November------------December__________ 19331 January____________ February__________ M a rc h ..-----April________ .. . M ay_______________ June............... ...... July----------------------August____________ September________ October _______ _ . November____ ____ D ecem ber.._____ _ Carpets and rugs Cotton goods Cotton small wares Dyeing and finishing tex tiles Hats, fur-felt Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Em ploy ment Em ploy Pay ment rolls 60.2 59.1 59.8 55.6 52.6 49.8 42.5 45.0 45.1 51.9 52.7 50.1 44.1 40.2 40.9 35.9 29.8 25.9 23.0 23.9 25.0 34.3 32.9 30.7 71.5 74.1 73.7 68.0 62.4 56.3 54.4 60. 1 70.6 74.4 74.1 73.8 51.7 54.8 53.3 45.3 38.3 32.9 30.8 35.9 47.0 50.2 48.3 46.7 74.4 76.7 75.9 71.8 65.9 62.8 60.8 60.1 64.0 71.0 72.2 69.1 49.0 47.4 45.6 45.2 49.0 56.5 67.1 71.3 75.0 79.1 73.6 68.4 26.7 25.0 25.4 25.0 32.6 41.9 50.1 56.7 60.7 65.1 53.8 48.3 73.5 73.0 70.7 72.2 77.9 90.1 99.5 101.6 99.6 100.8 97.0 94.1 45.2 44.9 41.2 42.7 49.2 61.0 69.0 82.2 80.1 80.8 76.1 72.2 69.9 65.6 66.9 71.2 78.3 87.1 92.4 89.3 87.3 79.1 75.1 66.6 Pay rolls 65.3 68.2 63.5 53.8 47.5 43.5 40.7 40.2 48.2 55.9 52.2 49.6 96.0 99.6 99.3 93.3 86.6 82.7 74.2 78.8 90.0 90.1 90.4 90.3 88.5 95.3 91.4 75.4 62.4 62.5 47.7 59.8 75.8 72.7 68.2 67.3 75.4 73.1 73.1 67.8 62.0 61.5 64.7 74.1 81.2 80.8 75.7 71.1 61.5 58.5 60.4 42.4 35.8 40.3 47. 5 64.0 82.9 75.2 62.4 60.4 46.2 51.6 43.6 44.4 53.5 60.4 69.5 74.8 71.3 70.4 60.9 58.5 89.4 90.4 87.1 88.3 89.2 93.7 102.3 107.7 89.5 87.5 107.1 105.6 66.3 71.7 62.4 67.5 69.7 76.0 81.6 83.0 66.5 68.2 86.4 83.3 70.7 72.5 70.0 72.5 73.3 74.6 76.8 90.1 92.4 83. 7 77.4 75.6 56.5 54.0 48.6 49.6 53.0 63.9 67.1 83.5 92.8 83.8 7L 2 65.9 i Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. Pay rolls 63 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OF REVISION T 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued able [3-year average 1923-25=100] Textiles and their products—Continued Month and year 1923________________ 1924_______________ 1925_______________ 1926_______________ 1927________________ 1928-............. .............. 1929_______________ 1930________________ 1931________________ 19321_______________ 19331_______________ 1923 January____________ February---------------March. _ ---------------April---------------------May_______________ J u n e ..-----------------July_______________ August— ------------September--------October_______ ... November_________ December--------------1924 January-----------------February---------------March-------------------April---------------------May_______________ J u n e ..-----------------July_______________ August------------------September-------------October...................... November------ ... _ December............ ....... 1925 January-----------------February---------------March_____________ April---------------------May_______________ June_______________ July........... -................ August____________ September--------------October____________ November................... ecember__________ 1926 January______ _____ February.................... March_____________ April--------------- -----M ay........................... June............................ July...................... ......... Knit goods Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment 104.8 94.5 100.7 101.3 102.2 103.7 92.3 104.0 109.1 116.0 115.4 129.8 108.6 92.2 75.5 81.4 99.7 94.8 105.5 102.9 101.5 101.0 103.8 95. 1 86.9 68.7 75.5 97.4 93.0 109.6 107.8 107.6 107.5 105.6 87.2 74.8 46.4 51.8 104.5 105.8 107.4 108. 1 108.0 106.7 102.5 102.9 101.9 102.9 103.9 103.1 95.5 98.1 101.7 100.3 106.8 102.1 109.5 102.4 102.0 111.8 107.9 100.3 97.5 98.8 98.6 99.2 99. 2 99.1 103. 9 98.7 105.1 97.6 106.8 97.4 94.4 98.4 99.3 103.5 101.9 96.1 97.4 98.7 99.9 95.6 95.0 102.5 103.8 105.0 102.9 98.7 93.7 80.1 82.8 87.1 90.0 92.4 94.4 106.3 106.6 103.9 96.9 88.7 69.0 75.5 80.4 88.7 92.1 97.9 96.8 99.0 98.4 95.4 93.0 91.1 88.2 91.9 94.4 97.1 96.4 96.4 93.5 100.3 97.4 94.4 90.7 87.6 80.5 89.3 91.8 98.6 93.3 98.0 97.5 98.4 105.3 109.1 108.0 110.1 105.5 108.6 114.1 107.3 116.8 115.2 117.2 102.6 102.6 112.5 102.9 96.0 94.1 95.4 99.6 101.3 101.8 101.2 100.2 98.4 98.7 100.3 103.5 104.5 103.7 102.9 104.2 104.5 103.0 101.5 100.3 94.6 97.2 August......................... 98.9 September................... 102.0 October........................ 103.0 November................... December.................... 1 103.3 i Silk and rayon Woolen and goods worsted goods 101.0 96.1 103.8 106.9 103.9 105.2 101.4 96.8 101.7 99.2 109.7 111.4 111.3 105.6 113.1 109.6 110.1 107.4 98.1 104.7 104.3 114.3 114.9 114.9 112.2 100.1 102.1 102.7 103.6 104.8 106.2 108.0 109.0 110.3 110.4 110.9 110.8 110.1 106.9 103.3 100.2 97.9 97.2 99.1 100.6 103.1 103.0 102.8 88.6 116.1 117.1 113.2 106.3 105.3 100.2 98.7 104.8 104.3 112.2 107.8 1 107.8 Wearing apparel Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em Pay ploy rolls ment 109.3 109.1 97.9 97.6 92.8 93.3 84.1 84.0 86.7 84.7 83.1 79.2 82.6 80.1 67. 2 60.5 67. 1 57.3 59.5 41.3 78.2 54.5 105.4 96.1 98.5 99.8 105.8 108.3 113.3 105.0 99.6 84.8 88.2 105.6 94.9 99.5 99.6 107.6 107.5 111.0 93.6 80.7 55. 5 55.7 107.0 97.3 95.7 97.4 102.5 101. 3 103.2 91.4 84.9 74.4 80.3 107.8 109.4 101.7 103.6 105.3 107.0 118.9 117.3 111.9 106.4 108.2 110.6 108.6 110.0 108.0 111. 4 113.7 108.9 105.3 103.4 104.4 104.3 105.5 103. 5 98.1 97.7 109.7 116.3 122.5 108.6 104.2 104.3 106.7 105.2 100.1 104.7 93.1 92.1 109.6 112.2 114.2 106.5 105.7 108. 2 108.3 107.8 107.4 104.2 99.6 100.3 104.3 106.8 102.8 94.3 91.6 86.0 80.9 87.2 94.8 104.3 106.3 111.4 103.5 107.4 105.9 98.7 93.3 91.9 89.0 91.4 93.9 94.7 90.7 93.3 103.7 109.8 107.1 95.4 86.8 87.2 84.2 92.4 97.7 95.8 85.3 92.8 105.9 109.3 105.5 93.5 90.8 98.6 97.6 96.7 95.0 93.7 89.6 91.8 107.7 111.5 105.9 88.6 85.6 98.5 98.0 97.5 95.9 91.5 81.6 90.6 96.1 98.2 107.6 109.4 96.4 90.5 92.3 98.5 103.2 99.3 102.1 98.3 97.8 94.4 99.1 97.4 92.6 88.8 95.1 96.4 98.6 98.3 97.0 95.4 95.7 94.3 102.9 103.4 110.7 111.8 99.0 92.9 93.8 89.6 97.9 98.2 101.9 92.8 103.3 96.7 99.7 98.9 93.7 92.0 97.1 95.3 99.3 99.0 99.3 97.1 110.6 111.8 112.0 110.9 109.7 108.7 106.9 107. 3 108.6 107.7 105.5 105.1 104.0 98.3 95.4 91.7 87.0 88.0 93.7 100.2 102.0 103.3 Pay rolls 99.4 96.8 95.2 91.9 90.8 89.3 89.3 89.3 90.2 90.8 89.8 107.6 104.6 99.5 95.4 92.8 88.9 88.7 86.5 84.3 89.4 91.2 90.6 88.7 82.8 81.0 80.4 80.1 79.9 79.9 80.3 84.3 89.4 91.1 90.7 90.0 82.8 80.9 78.7 78.8 79.6 79.2 79.6 82.1 92.8 90.7 92.7 100.8 101.1 101.8 98.8 94.1 95.0 97.3 99.3 100.0 100.2 98.8 98.9 100.6 104.2 104.8 100.7 98.2 97.3 93.5 97.2 99.2 100.7 98.1 103.1 Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. Clothing, men’s 101.1 109.3 96.1 94.6 94.8 99.5 95.5 95.8 74.7 62.8 42.3 47.3 110.2 116.4 121.7 107.0 110.2 117.9 115.6 109.5 105.4 103.7 96.4 97.5 102.0 86.1 83.9 95.0 97.8 102.6 95.6 92.3 89.8 93.0 96.8 99.6 87.0 83.6 94.3 94.1 101.1 96.0 95.8 89.3 99.2 101.2 64 T REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS 8 . — Indexes o f employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933 , and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued able [3-year average 1923-25= 100] Textiles and their products—Continued Month and year 1927 January____ _ February____ ______ M arch.. . .. _____ April___ ______ M ay_______________ Jun e... ______ ___ July_______________ August_____________ September_________ October_______ November____ _ ... December__________ 1928 January.. ________ February_______ March________ ____ April------------------ _ M ay.. _______ ... June_______________ July______ _________ August_______ _____ September_________ October____________ November__ _ December_______ _ 1929 January ________... February______ ____ March________ ... April---------------------M ay_________ _ _ June_______________ July----------------------A ugust____ .. . _ _ Septem ber..______ October____ . . . __ November______ __ December__________ 1930 January____________ February. _ ___ March____ .. _ __ April_______ ____ _ May_______________ June_______________ July_______________ August__ __________ September.. ______ October___________ November____ _____ December__________ 1931 January ________... February__________ March________ ... April____ __________ M ay_______________ June_________ _____ July-----------------------August------------------September_________ October........................ November................... December.................... Knit goods Em ploy ment Pay rolls 102.4 103.1 103.3 103.6 103.0 102.8 96.7 98.5 102.7 104.6 106.2 104.7 111.3 117.3 119.0 117.7 119.0 115.7 103.4 109.4 113.1 103.0 104.8 104.6 102.7 101.9 101.6 96.9 98.3 101.6 104.0 106.0 106.1 115.8 119.0 118.4 112.6 113.6 114.0 101.7 107.8 113.1 123.1 122.1 123.6 104.2 107.3 109.6 114.8 124.3 127.8 129.9 130.3 129.9 121.7 126.8 133.5 142.5 140.3 136.1 110.8 111.6 111.8 111.0 112.3 116.4 119.7 119.6 115.5 122.2 121.8 121.7 Silk and rayon Woolen and worsted goods goods Em ploy ment 101.8 102.3 104.3 104.2 103.3 100.7 99.7 100.6 101.1 100.2 99.1 101.2 100.3 104.2 105.3 100.6 100.8 99.9 96.8 97.6 99.5 102.7 101.7 102.8 100.1 103.1 105.3 106.0 104.9 103.6 103.7 104.4 104.4 104.5 103.1 102.6 108.5 110.0 107.3 107.1 105.7 104.6 95.3 93.8 99.1 102.5 102.9 98.5 118.8 124.0 120.1 116.1 108.3 109.2 91.2 91.6 101.9 100.9 104.4 104.9 103.5 97.5 94.6 86.9 86.7 85.2 89.5 93.8 93.3 88.5 93.5 94.5 95.1 96.1 96.7 94.4 96.0 96.5 99.9 101.3 84.3 94.0 96.1 95.6 98.1 95.3 85.5 89.1 89.6 93.8 93.6 92.7 96.1 95.2 93.1 89.5 79.8 76.1 78.3 83.3 87.5 99.9 111.6 110.6 99.9 91.9 85.5 86.1 Wearing apparel Clothing, men’s Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em Pay ploy rolls ment 103.5 111.3 113.3 107.9 110.1 107.6 103.2 106.8 106.5 107.5 103.0 90.6 91.0 87.9 85.8 84.1 84.8 81.3 85.1 86.2 87.4 88.4 90.6 91.3 86.1 82.5 81.7 82.7 78.3 82.9 83.9 85.9 85.0 106.9 116.5 116.8 105.2 86.0 105.0 109.3 110.0 106.1 103.5 102.4 101.5 104.3 106.7 108.2 106.1 106.9 103.3 107.5 111. 1 111.7 103.3 107.7 100.7 104.4 103.3 97.8 97.1 102.2 102.9 105.9 105.5 105.3 101.8 102.5 104.0 106.6 104.4 101.2 92.0 97.9 102.5 113.0 115.3 107.9 108.2 108.4 100.0 105.2 105. 9 111.1 103.6 109.0 86.5 85.6 82.6 80.8 81.7 83.0 79.5 81.3 79.4 83.9 86.8 86.4 83.0 82.5 76.9 73.7 78.2 79.3 74.2 76.2 74.7 83.0 83. 5 85.5 108.6 112.6 113.3 108.8 105.4 105.4 102.3 105.4 108.9 111.0 108.8 108.9 110.7 117.9 117.2 103.9 99.1 101.6 98.7 105.1 109.7 114.1 104.1 108.2 104.1 106.7 105.1 97.8 95.7 101.3 99.5 102.9 102.7 101.5 98.7 99.3 101.7 105.7 101.2 83.2 84.5 96.9 95.8 99.5 97.7 95.5 87.7 96.2 98.0 109.6 112.5 112.5 110.5 107.9 103.2 105.7 104.8 105.7 98.6 98.1 85.2 84.5 83.5 83.6 84.0 82.7 80.7 83.1 83.6 84.3 79.9 76.1 82.4 83.1 81.0 82.1 83.0 80.7 77.3 80.5 81.4 83.6 74.4 71.3 109.6 114.0 118.0 115.4 113.1 113.1 108.6 112.2 115.3 116.6 112.2 110.9 109.1 118.5 124.8 112.9 107.8 109.7 100.4 111.0 115.5 115.2 103.8 103. 4 99.4 102.8 104.5 99.5 98.8 105.1 105.1 107.6 107.3 105.4 102.1 100.9 94.0 102.5 105.8 87.1 89.8 100.8 98.2 103.4 100.2 93.0 85.7 89.4 93.3 102.4 97.5 88.5 85.1 73.0 77.9 76.3 82.8 83.7 85.5 75.0 72.5 67.5 63.3 67.3 69.0 67.0 64.6 62.8 61.2 69.7 66.6 60.4 55.6 63.6 64.0 60.4 60.7 61.2 56.5 53.2 53.7 106.0 109.0 112.4 100.0 90.0 87.1 81.4 88.9 98.4 93.7 79.1 77.6 100.5 101.9 98.6 93.0 89.4 92.8 90.6 90.6 92.4 87.5 80.6 78.3 90.4 91.3 86.6 73.8 67.5 76.1 77.3 79.2 76.2 66.3 56.2 55.4 78.9 87.3 85.3 81.3 76.7 68.0 65.9 69.7 70.5 74.2 69.3 70.4 60.6 65.9 67.4 63.6 68.5 71.7 75.2 76.9 72.7 61.9 61.0 60.0 51.9 60.2 61.2 54.9 60.8 62.6 66.1 68.4 57.6 49.3 47.5 47.0 80.9 59.9 69.7 73.5 64.8 56.6 62.1 69.2 72.4 66.3 61.4 48 6 110.0 100.0 88.1 68.0 68.0 111.1 113.1 115.1 111.3 106.1 103.3 95.5 99.4 106.2 105.1 97.8 96.3 96.7 102.9 107.2 106.6 102.5 98.5 94.7 99.3 103.2 100.2 92.9 90.7- - 100.1 101.0 78.1 91.1 99.0 89.6 79.2 75.8 75.9 81.8 84.4 79.4 67.6 -65.9 86.1 88.2 86.6 82.9 83.4 86.8 89.6 90.8 87.6 79‘4 76,2 99.9 106.6 103.9 88.2 88.8 101.0 48.5 65 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OF REVISION T 8 . — Indexes o f employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued able [3-year average 1923-25=100] Textiles and their products—Continued Month and year Knit goods Em ploy ment 19321 January____________ February________ March_____________ April--------------- _ _ M ay. _____ ______ June.. ____________ July_______________ August__ ____ _ September_____... October ______ ___ November_____ ____ December__________ 19331 January,. ___ February, __ _____ March_____ _____ _ April____ ________ M ay__________ ____ June , __________ July_______________ August,,, _________ September____ October___ , , . November... _ _ December.._ ______ 1 Pay rolls Silk and rayon Woolen and worsted goods goods Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Clothing, men’s Em Pay ploy rolls ment 94.7 96.5 96.5 93.7 89. 5 88.2 79.8 85.9 95.6 102.6 105.3 100.7 79.1 84. 7 83. 5 75.8 66.9 65. 6 54.0 61.8 77.9 89.1 88.3 79.2 84.4 84.1 70.4 64.3 55.9 50.1 50.3 65.2 74.4 78.7 73.8 72.5 64.3 62.4 47.0 41.9 34.7 30.3 31.4 44.8 50.3 54. 6 48.2 46.9 61.2 67.1 60.4 49.1 46.1 44.8 51.8 64.0 69.2 69.9 64.9 65.1 48.5 54.0 45.5 32.1 29.4 27.8 32. 7 42.9 48.0 48.4 42.4 44.0 88.4 93.3 94.7 89.8 83.4 77.7 66.5 74.0 86.4 91. 4 87.8 84.4 63.5 69.6 73.0 61. 4 50.7 43.7 36.0 47.2 59.3 61.6 52.6 46.9 76.0 81.8 81.1 74.7 68. 2 63.8 64.3 71.0 77.8 80.8 79.5 74.1 49.1 54.1 53.6 40.9 34.2 29.3 29.4 40.4 48.6 49.6 43.0 34.8 93.7 94.2 91.2 93.1 97.8 105.4 107.1 105.2 112.4 114.2 109.2 64.7 66.9 61. 4 65.1 72.2 79.6 79.0 91. 7 100.6 106.2 72.6 72.5 62.3 62.8 69.2 72.6 82.8 89.8 88.1 79.2 79.3 74.9 43.6 44.5 35.8 35.9 43.4 47.8 56.7 70.7 66.1 61. 4 60.0 55.3 65.0 71.3 54. 6 57.0 68.9 84.9 96.0 98.9 93.6 90.7 80.5 77.3 42.5 48.7 30.3 33.6 44.8 61.5 70.1 73.8 70.0 66.5 56.2 55. 7 80.6 87.9 85.5 89.5 88.2 89.0 88.3 90.3 95.6 95.8 87.7 80. 4 45.0 53.9 47.9 54. 3 48.8 49.5 50.9 59. 5 75.9 72. 7 58. 6 51. 2 70.8 77.7 75.9 75.2 73.7 79.6 86.9 88.6 89.8 87.8 81. 2 76.5 35.4 44.3 40.4 36.8 35.2 41.8 51.3 58.7 63.9 62.6 52.4 44.4 102.6 100.0 88.8 Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. Wearing apparel 66 T REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued a b l e [3-year average, 1923-25=100] Textiles and their products—Continued Month and year Clothing, women’s Em ploy ment Pay rolls Corsets and al lied garments Em ploy ment Pay rolls Men’s furnishings Em ploy ment Pay rolls Millinery 4 Em ploy ment 1923_______________ 104.3 103.2 105.2 103.4 94.6 93.6 103.2 1924_______________ 96.6 94.3 100.0 100.0 100.1 96.1 94.8 1925_______________ 99.1 102.5 94.8 96.6 105.3 110.3 102.0 104.2 104.7 1926______ . _ 98.0 1927_______________ 121.0 123.6 90.0 96.7 125.7 139.5 104.8 133.7 132. 5 1928 105.7 1929_______________ 146.8 142.6 89.2 97.0 132.7 145.5 101.3 142.2 127.9 1930____________ 91.3 1931_______________ 135.8 110.5 91.3 89.6 120.1 109.5 83.7 19321_______________ 110.4 73.9 88.0 74.0 99.2 67.0 76.3 19331_______________ 110.0 68.0 88.9 71.0 101. 5 62.7 75.9 1923 107.2 113.0 January _ 107.2 112.5 123.3 February 111. 1 March_________ _ _ 116.0 129.1 113.0 112.0 110.4 111.4 April_____ 104.1 96. 0 106. 6 May 97.1 88.4 June.. ___ 100.0 100.9 98.7 July 100.1 102.8 105.1 102.3 August 106.3 93.9 102. 0 September.. 104.3 107.6 October 98.8 95.4 89.3 November.. 92.1 93.2 83.6 December___ . . . 93.7 1924 103.2 101. 3 January 96. 8 109. 5 112.4 February. 100.1 110. 7 111.9 March. 98.6 106.8 102.1 April... . 97. 2 95.9 84. 6 94. 2 May _ 83.7 73.8 June__ _____ 89.4 78.8 67. 6 July— ___ _. 89.2 90.6 92.9 91.1 August 95.2 102. 3 97.4 September 98.2 103.1 October 96.0 91.9 86.0 November________ 93.0 95.2 93.0 95.1 December________ 1925 97.7 102.2 January____ . . . 101.6 103.8 114.3 February _______ 106.8 March___________ _ 106.6 117.6 109.5 102.9 102.4 April _____ _ _ 108.9 95.3 89.9 M ay___________ _ 102.6 89. 7 83.2 99.2 June 95.4 98.0 July— ________ 98.8 99.0 104. 7 101. 2 August 100.4 104.2 99.4 September 98.3 October_____ ___ 102.2 112.3 98.5 103.9 97. 7 November. 97.1 96.7 99.6 December________ 1926 101.9 107.4 101.2 January__________ 107.6 120.1 105.9 February___ .. March 111. 3 124. 5 107.1 106.1 April. 108. 5 107. 3 105.3 99.4 May______ 102.6 99.4 92.6 91. 2 June 88.3 92. 2 84. 2 July 90.1 99.9 98.1 August __ 95.0 September _____ 104.0 103.1 107.2 112.3 93.8 October N ovem ber 95.2 102.1 95. 7 99.3 December.._____ ... 111.5 111.7 i Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. 4 Based on millinery and lace goods trend 1923 through 1926. Pay rolls 100.8 94.5 104.7 103. 6 113.9 112. 3 104.0 88. 6 79.2 65.2 57.9 Shirts and collars Em ploy Pay ment rolls 107.9 93.0 99.1 101. 7 105.1 106. 3 109.1 102. 7 104.0 90.5 99.0 109.7 91.9 98.4 101.9 109.9 107.1 109.2 90. 3 82.7 61.0 72.1 100.7 103. 7 115.8 110. 4 104.4 100. 2 97. 6 99. 4 101. 4 95.8 87. 8 92.5 108.1 106. 9 101. 7 103. 5 106.3 106. 5 105.8 110.3 109.9 115.4 116.8 115.6 112. 3 109. 7 96.9 105. 5 114.1 104.1 106.0 99.1 . 99. 3 92. 5 85.0 85.1 85.1 100. 7 94. 0 93.6 96.8 104. 2 103.3 103.0 100. 3 96.3 91. 2 84.3 77.4 85. 6 89.1 89.9 91.9 103. 2 104.0 104.3 102.4 96.8 88.0 79.6 69.9 83. 6 88.3 89.0 94.2 106.3 110.2 117.0 114.9 106. 5 102.0 97. 2 101. 0 97. 2 100.2 101. 5 102.7 92. 7 96.4 97.5 99. 3 100.2 98.9 98.7 96. 2 98.9 100.9 104.0 105.0 107.0 114.1 118.5 116.9 105.2 91.8 89.1 93.3 104.5 105.9 105. 5 102.1 101 2 102.2 100.1 99.1 105.7 110.0 111. 5 111.8 112.2 110.0 102.0 101.1 99.6 98.3 94.8 99.0 102.6 103.9 103.3 91.0 97.2 . 102.9 96. 7 96.3 92.4 90.6 101.3 104.3 107.2 101.0 100 2 105.7 106.6 106.9 106.6 101.7 98.8 93.7 91.3 95.0 104.9 106.9 104.8 67 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OF REVISION T 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1928 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued able [3-year average, 1923-25=100] Textiles and their products—Continued Month and year Clothing, women’s Em ploy ment Shirts and collars Em Pay ploy rolls ment 112.8 111.0 114.1 120.0 125.0 122.5 123.9 135. 140.2 129. 2 117.3 106.0 110.4 116.5 127.2 131.8 122. 4 126.2 103.3 107. 8 108. 3 108.0 104.3 98.9 96. 7 103.1 108. 0 105. 2 106.0 108. 2 111.3 118.5 118.0 118. 6 112. 2 107.5 100. 6 111.7 119. 8 118. 2 113.0 116.8 103.1 103.1 104.7 106.9 103. 2 108.1 102.3 106.9 102. 3 107.0 102.3 106. 4 101. 7 107.1 102.3 107.5 105. 8 110. 2 109. 2 Il7.4 112.1 118. 2 112.3 119.5 127. 6 135.1 139.4 137. 3 132.0 126.7 ______ 122.3 127. 2 ___ 135.1 - - - 142.0 139. 6 139. 5 133.1 144. 5 147. 6 133. 8 122.4 115.5 114.4 123. 7 135. 2 150. 6 133. 5 135.1 109.0 113. 8 116. 2 126.1 117. 7 128.9 117. 3 129.1 111.0 115.1 103.4 108.3 93.3 93.1 98. 6 106.0 104.9 116.6 101. 2 107. 5 98. 7 102. 3 97. 2 100. 2 141.1 148.5 157.1 155. 9 151. 5 144. 8 133. 3 __ __ 138. 6 146.4 153. 9 146. 5 _ ____ 143.9 140.8 153.1 163. 2 153. 6 140.8 133.1 114.6 134.8 149.1 157. 5 137.9 133.1 102. 5 105.3 106. 8 103.1 108.9 115.9 108.1 109. 5 112.5 126. 2 110.4 114.0 114. 5 125.1 109.1 111. 4 106. 7 110. 3 108. 7 104. 9 100.1 105.2 107. 2 104. 3 90.7 85.0 105.0 106. 2 97.8 98. 5 107. 5 107. 8 101. 5 105. 2 110. 9 110. 2 99. 2 100.1 111. 9 113.9 90. 7 85. 7 111. 7 113. 6 90.8 85.1 111.7 111. 2 118.1 125.0 129.8 127.3 121.9 July Anvust September October N ftvp m h p.r December 1929 January - __ __ F e b ru a ry March _ _____ April May ___- June ___ July _ ____ August S e p te m b e r Em ploy ment Millinery Pay rolls October Novem ber December 1930 January _ _____ February __March _______ April _ ______ M a y _________ ____ June............................. ________ July August - - _______ September _ ______ October _ ____ November __ _____ December ______ 1931 January____________ February__________ March_____________ April______________ May________ ____ June... ----------------July_______________ August____________ September_________ October____________ November_________ December.................... Pay rolls Em ploy ment Men’s furnishings Em ploy ment 1927 1928 Corsets and al lied garments Pay rolls Pay rolls 120.1 8 145. 5 139.7 148. 2 143.5 158.0 158.3 154.8 141. 2 148.2 126.4 136.4 111.0 118.5 97.4 129.5 112.0 145.4 138. 5 148.0 139.5 136.7 114.6 137.3 112. 7 136.4 145.5 153.5 153.5 146.5 134.9 119.7 129.1 137.4 130.2 121.0 121.6 110.0 129.4 142.1 128.2 112.7 99.0 92.2 101.7 116.7 108.4 93.6 92.4 87.9 89.8 92.4 96.9 96.1 92.5 88.1 90.0 93.3 91.7 89.5 87.0 86.6 96.8 109.4 113.9 95.8 91.5 79.4 80.2 78.5 85.7 81.5 76.3 117.7 127.1 129.5 126.2 125.8 120.6 111.6 107.6 114.7 125.0 117.1 117.7 103.6 125.0 133.1 110.0 115.3 103.9 101.0 98.5 100.6 113.4 110.6 99.3 111. 1 111.0 110. 7 106. 8 104. 4 101. 7 100.3 99.0 103.9 108. 4 109 3 109.3 95.9 92. 6 101. 7 104. 0 106. 5 112. 2 104. 4 108. 2 95. 7 94.0 86.1 79. 2 75. 5 63.8 86.2 81.4 92.3 97.1 89. 7 86.1 81.0 72. 2 80.2 72.8 108. 2 109. 7 108. 9 107.1 101. 6 100. 7 97. 2 96.1 100. 2 102. 5 102.3 97.3 83.4 89. 6 95.8 91.8 83.7 79.4 74.9 85.0 87.5 83.0 75.6 75.1 92.5 98.6 102.7 104.8 105.6 103.9 103.5 105.7 109.3 111.8 107.9 75.7 86.8 101. 5 92.9 75.2 71.0 66.0 83.1 85.3 76.9 68.6 66.9 101.2 109.1 113! 5 113. 3 106.9 105. 7 102. 7 95.0 98. 6 102.4 113. 4 112.8 111.5 101.0 8 104. 100. 3 95. 6 85. 6 86.1 84.0 83. 7 85.7 89.7 87.1 80.1 73.6 81.7 86.5 87.7 88.3 83.2 85.7 86.1 86.8 85.2 77.8 69.5 68 T REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS 8 . — Indexes o f employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1923 to 1933 , and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued able [3-year average, 1923-25=100] Textiles and their products—Continued Month and year 19321 January____________ February__________ March_____________ April _ ----------M ay. -----------------June--------- ---------July_______________ August____________ September.._ . .. .. October-------------- N ovem ber...---------December_____ . 19331 January-----------------February---------------March_____________ April___ M ay___________ --June___________ --July_______________ August____________ September_________ October-----------------November_______ _ D ecem ber..----------- Clothing, women’s Corsets and al lied garments Em ploy ment Pay rolls 118.4 123.1 128.2 126.0 118.5 107.2 75.0 88.4 110. 6 116.7 107.2 105.6 83.6 92.4 103.3 90.4 74.3 61.2 42.8 58.3 76.0 80.2 64. 2 60.2 80.9 93.8 96.0 93.4 90.0 87.9 80.7 82.2 85.4 89.7 88.5 87.2 80.5 89. 2 88.9 81.0 74.8 66.9 59.1 57.6 66.1 80. 0 72.0 71.6 101.3 104. 5 107.4 100.3 92. 4 92. 3 75.7 75.2 97.7 111.8 118.9 112.9 77.6 80.4 84.6 67.2 57.7 59.2 47.1 43.2 62.5 75.3 81.4 67.4 105.1 115.0 110.9 123.3 58.2 70.6 60.0 78.2 65.8 56.6 51.9 56.9 98.6 91.2 67.6 59. 9 85.7 91.1 90.9 90.0 89.2 89.5 88.2 89.9 93.8 84.7 87.2 86.4 64.1 75.4 63.6 67.6 71.2 72.4 68.6 78.4 82.3 75.3 65.9 67.6 100.3 102.9 98.0 96.1 94.8 102.4 108.4 111.0 101.9 109.2 107.3 86. 2 53.2 56.0 53.3 51.3 54.7 61.9 61.8 79.1 69.8 81.0 74.1 55. 8 122.8 112.8 98.1 98.8 116.7 118.6 104. 1 93. 7 Em ploy ment Men’s furnishings Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Millinery Em ploy ment Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. Shirts and collars Pay rolls Em Pay ploy rolls ment 85.7 . 93.7 84.3 69.7 62.0 52.5 69.4 84.2 85.4 71.3 66.7 81.7 88.4 • 90.3 78.4 55.9 47.3 38.3 57.8 79.8 66.9 50.5 47.4 92.9 94.2 93.3 88.4 85.9 85.3 79.4 78.5 89.0 98.8 101.2 99.0 64.8 67.9 66.6 59.7 54.3 55.3 49.5 51.5 56.3 68.1 70.9 67.1 72.2 80.1 77.8 86.3 79.5 76.6 65.3 80.7 80.4 77.5 67. 4 66. 5 53.4 58.1 50.3 73.2 59.6 57.0 45.1 66. 5 77.2 59.0 47. 6 47.3 82.7 90.1 89.5 90.9 91.7 100.7 109.4 107.1 107.6 113.5 107. 7 96.9 49.0 56.0 56.3 57.0 58.6 69.8 72.1 91 2 88.1 88.6 101.9 90.7 77. 0 69 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OF REVISION T 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued able [3-year average, 1923-25=100] Leather and its manufactures Month and year Group index Boots and shoes Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Food and kindred products Leather Em ploy ment Pay rolls Group index Em ploy ment 1923_______________ 106.6 106.9 106.0 107.6 109.1 107.9 102.1 1924_______________ 96.3 95.3 96.7 95.3 95.4 95.8 98.4 1925_______________ 97.1 97.8 97.3 97.1 95.5 96.3 99. 5 1926_______________ 96.6 98.9 95.6 96. 1 96. 7 99. 5 99. 5 1927______________ 97.7 100.3 95.6 96.8 96.6 99.3 101. 7 1928_______________ 95.6 95.8 92.7 91.3 94.3 95.5 105.8 1929_______________ 98. 5 99.0 96. 7 95.6 91.1 92.8 112.8 1930_______________ 91.2 82.3 90.2 78.3 84.6 83.0 109.4 1931_______________ 84.3 72.1 85.3 70. 2 76.9 72.5 97.4 19321______________ 79.0 58.1 81.7 58. 5 69.1 56.0 86.4 19331______________ 83.3 62.9 83.9 61.5 81.3 66.8 94.4 1923 January___ ________ 110.9 111.7 110.1 114.6 114.6 105.1 89.5 February__________ 112.1 113. 7 111.0 116. 2 116.2 108.9 90.5 March_________ _ 111.8 116.1 111. 0 118. 9 115. 1 110.6 92. 7 April______________ 109.5 112.7 108. 6 114.6 113. 3 109.5 92.4 M ay____________ _ 106. 9 110.8 106. 5 111. 7 108.9 111. 1 93.8 June... ______ 103. 9 106.1 102.9 106. 0 108. 4 109.8 100. 6 July_______________ 102.2 99.5 100.8 98.4 107. 7 106. 5 108.5 August _____ 105. 7 103.9 105.5 104. 6 106.3 104.5 116.1 September. __ __ __ 105. 1 103.8 105.1 104. 1 105.2 105.6 121.4 October _ __ __ . 104.2 102.9 104.2 102. 2 104. 9 108. 5 114.0 November_________ 104.1 99.7 103.8 98.3 105. 7 107.4 106. 1 December___ _____ 102.5 102.3 102.3 101.9 103.0 106.7 99.1 1 1924 January______ ____ 102.7 102.8 102.7 102. 8 103.1 105.6 94.0 February__________ 103. 1 104.1 103. 1 103. 8 103. 5 107.0 94.8 103. 3 103.2 103.8 103. 2 102. 4 104.8 94. 5 March________ _ April_______ _____ 97. 7 94.0 97.8 93.0 98. 1 99.3 91.9 M ay______________ 93.3 89.0 93.3 88.4 93.2 92.9 91.4 88. 2 85.0 87. 7 83. 3 90.2 91.1 95. 3 June__________ 88.3 83.8 88. 6 83. 9 87. 4 83. 6 101. 0 July____ _____... August____________ 92.8 94. 2 94.0 96.3 88. 2 87.4 107. 4 September_________ 96.3 99.4 97. 1 101. 9 92. 9 90.3 113. 2 97. 5 100.0 98. 5 101.3 94.0 94. 3 104.4 October___ _ ... 96.8 91.8 97.4 90. 7 95. 2 94.1 98.0 November_____ December___ ______ 96.1 95.7 95.8 94.4 96.8 98.8 95.3 1925 January____ ____ _ 99.3 99.4 99.6 99.1 97.8 98.8 91.0 101.1 104.1 101. 5 104.0 99. 0 102. 8 91.4 February________ M arch____________ 101.1 104. 5 101. 5 104.4 98. 7 102.4 90.8 April______________ 96.9 95. 8 97.0 95. 5 96. 0 94. 3 88. 6 May______________ 94. 7 95. 1 94. 8 94. 1 93.3 94.9 89.3 June________ ____ 90. 5 89.8 89. 7 88.0 93. 0 92. 3 96.4 July_______________ 93.4 93.7 93.6 94.1 91. 4 88. 3 105.3 August_______ _____ 98.2 103.8 99.3 105.6 93.1 93.4 114. 2 September_________ 100.1 99.8 101.2 100.6 95. 2 92. 6 121.9 October____________ 99.7 101.2 100.5 100.7 95.8 98. 1 109.4 November_________ 96.8 93.7 96.6 90.5 96. 3 98. 6 100.2 December__________ 93.7 92.4 92.8 88.7 95. 9 99.1 94.9 1926 January____________ 96.1 95.9 95.2 93.3 97.4 98.5 91.0 February________ . 98.0 101.2 97.4 98.9 98.4 101.6 90.1 March_____________ 96. 9 100.3 95.8 97.5 98.6 102.2 90.9 April______________ 92. 5 91.3 90. 7 86.8 96.4 99.4 89.1 M ay______________ 91. 2 88.3 89. 5 83.6 94. 5 97.3 90.6 June______________ 91.1 93.0 89.9 90.1 92.0 94. 7 97.1 July_______________ 94.8 98.3 94.0 96.8 93.6 94.7 104.4 August____________ 99.4 106.4 98. 9 105.6 96.4 99. 6 113. 3 September_________ 101.1 106.5 100. 6 105.4 98.3 100. 6 119. 7 October.................. . 101.0 106.7 100.3 104. 8 98. 1 103. 1 1 1 0 . 1 November................. 99.8 100.0 98.5 96. 7 98. 4 100.4 101. 7 December.................... 97.8 98.3 96.0 94.1 98.6 102.4 95.5 i Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available.,. Pay rolls 100.4 99.4 100.2 101.8 104.0 107.6 113.9 108.9 93.0 74. 2 76.2 89.8 90.6 93.4 93.3 95. 6 100.7 104. 3 107.6 113.7 108.9 105.6 101.5 Baking Em ploy Pay ment rolls 100.1 101.1 98.8 101.4 105.9 112.2 123.6 121. 5 112. 6 101.2 101.2 91.0 95.3 98.3 96. 8 97.4 101.4 105. 6 104.2 103. 6 105. 6 101. 2 100.4 96.2 98.1 97.6 102.0 96.9 102. 1 94.4 99.9 95.3 100.1 98. 4 102. 6 101.4 102.0 103. 9 100.5 109.4 101. 5 101. 7 102. 2 98.8 101. 6 99.3 100.0 98.0 101.7 100.3 104.1 107.8 113.3 125.3 123.7 109.0 88.6 82.7 86.5 91.6 94.4 92.2 97.4 101.5 104.4 100.0 103.8 101.9 102.1 100.6 98.7 102.0 102.0 100.8 101.4 103.4 103.3 99.9 105.5 101.4 101.9 100.0 95.0 94. 5 94.3 90.8 94. 5 99. 4 103. 2 109.0 112.7 107.3 102.2 99.8 97.7 98.0 99.0 97. 7 97. 7 98.7 96.4 97.0 96. 7 100.1 99. 5 102.0 99. 1 100.5 97.4 98.7 98.8 100.6 103.3 105.5 100.5 102.3 98.9 102.1 96.4 95.6 95.8 93.3 97.2 101. 5 104.4 109. 9 114.4 109. 2 103.3 96.8 96. 9 99. 5 98.8 100.1 103. 7 103. 7 101. 9 103. 7 105.8 103. 6 100.6 102.1 100.0 100.9 100.5 104.5 107.1 106.3 103.5 106.0 107.6 105.5 102.8 m ,a 70 T REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1928 to 1933, and by months January 1928 to December 1933 — Continued able [3-year average, 1923-25=100] Leather and its manufactures—Continued Month and year 1927 January-----------------February. _ _______ March_____________ April______________ M ay... _________ June.. ________ July________ _____ August____________ September.. ______ October_________ November. _______ December__________ 1928 January--------- -----February__________ M arch.. ____ April______________ May__ ___________ June_______________ July_______________ August------- --------September____ ___ October____________ November___ _____ December— ________ 1929 January_____ ____ February__________ M arch.. ... --------April____ _______ M ay. _________ ... June_______________ July_______________ August____________ September________ October____________ November_______ _ December_______ .. 1930 January____________ February_____ ___ March_____________ April....... ...............—. M ay_______________ June_____________ _ July_______________ August----- ---------September.. ______ October____________ November_________ December......... . ... 1931 January____________ February__________ March_____________ April_____ ________ M ay________ _____ June_______________ July_______________ August____________ September. _ --------October____________ November_________ December-----............ Group index Boots and shoes Em ploy ment Pay rolls 99.7 100.4 100.2 95.7 94.2 94.1 97.6 106.4 104.3 97.9 95.6 96.7 99.9 94.7 93.1 Leather Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment 108.0 101.4 89.7 91.1 98.0 98.3 98.4 93.6 92.1 91.8 95.9 100.0 100.3 98.1 91.5 89.3 96.2 103.3 101.4 94.5 91.8 92.8 100.0 109.2 106.8 98.1 83.1 83.9 99.4 101.3 99.5 95.4 94.0 94.1 95.1 95.5 96.4 96 0 96.3 96.4 97.6 104.1 88.9 86.1 90.4 97.9 104.0 103.4 100.0 84.4 90.4 93.8 95.8 95.6 90.6 87.8 88.4 93.5 96.0 96.5 95.3 89.8 89.6 92.2 99.6 98.1 82.7 79.0 85.0 94.2 86.0 98.0 98.8 98.0 94.7 94.7 93.4 94.1 94.4 94.3 93.0 89.9 88.3 95.5 97.6 96.7 94.8 94.7 94.0 99.6 103.2 104.8 104.7 100.2 96.0 94.9 99.5 96.3 93.2 93.7 95.6 103.7 111.2 110.9 106.8 90.6 91.0 93.4 96.1 95.2 93.1 92.8 91.9 97.8 101.9 103.6 103.3 98.3 93.4 92.0 96.5 93.8 89.5 89.7 91.7 101.4 109.6 109.1 103.2 84.7 85.8 89.8 90.2 89.0 88.3 88.2 89.0 92.0 93.2 94.3 95.2 93.2 91.3 97.3 98.3 97.3 95.7 92.1 89.8 91.8 92.7 91.1 88.0 81.5 78.7 92.6 93.5 92.4 88.7 82.3 80.4 85.8 87.3 83.4 76.4 60.3 64.0 95.6 97.2 96.2 94.5 90.7 88.4 91.3 92.4 90.7 87.1 80.1 77.9 89.9 89.5 85.3 77.5 75.8 83.0 84.6 80.3 72.3 53.9 59.4 63.4 74.0 79.9 76.5 74.1 71.7 79.5 83.1 74.3 60.8 49.9 55.2 101.1 101.6 97.1 99.0 98.6 93.9 91.7 91.9 96.4 98.3 98.7 97.4 92.4 91.9 82.0 84.8 87.8 87.0 85.1 84.0 89.0 91.2 88.5 83.1 72.8 76.6 100.2 102.1 110.1 102.8 66.8 75.8 80.9 78.0 76.2 74.0 80.6 83.8 75.5 63.3 53.1 56,8 81.5 85.1 88.7 88.0 86.0 84.5 90.4 93.0 90.5 84.7 73.1 78.2 101.8 101.1 96.7 78.9 88.6 Food and kindred products— Continued Group index Baking Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy Pay ment rolls 103.0 105.1 97.7 96.4 97.3 96.2 99.1 97.7 98.1 98.1 91.8 91.5 92.3 92.1 92.9 101.5 107.7 115.7 122.5 111.7 103.0 97.5 97.3 97.2 97.3 96.7 100.0 105.8 107.9 112.4 116.6 110.0 104.8 101.9 100.9 102.6 103.8 104.1 103.7 108.4 106.8 106.2 109.0 110.1 108.4 106.9 102.9 105.8 106.6 106.1 107.3 110.3 108.8 107.6 110.4 111.2 109.6 107.3 92.8 93.9 95.6 95.2 96.2 102.8 111.5 121.0 128.1 117.7 109.8 105.4 98.6 101.3 98.4 101.7 106.7 110.9 116.3 121.0 115.3 110.5 109.8 105.2 106.1 107.7 108.0 110.8 113.1 113.0 112.6 116.9 118.3 117.7 117.3 105.9 107.9 109.5 107.5 112.5 114.7 114.4 113.7 117.9 119.0 118.5 li7 .9 92.5 88.7 89.4 90.2 91.9 93.1 97.1 96.9 99.9 93.8 92.0 101.4 101.7 101.0 107.1 103.6 108.3 117.5 127.6 134.7 125. 5 115.4 109.2 105.6 106.2 105.0 109.1 109.0 111.8 116.1 123.3 129.4 122.6 115.4 115.3 118.2 119.9 122.2 125.0 125.6 125.0 128.2 129.8 127.7 126.1 115.4 119.2 120.9 120.3 125.3 127.4 127.6 126.9 130.6 132.1 129.8 127.9 89.5 89.0 88.2 87.6 86.1 84.4 83.9 84.1 83.7 82.9 79.9 76.2 89.1 89.3 86.5 85.7 85.2 83.8 82.3 83.8 82.0 80.1 75.6 73.0 103.4 102.4 101.2 104.4 103.3 106.9 113.4 121.1 133.4 118.8 106.1 98.6 108.2 107.2 105.0 107.2 107.4 110.3 111.2 114.6 123.1 123.1 103.5 98.7 123.0 124.2 123.1 120.5 121.6 120.4 118.4 116.7 125.8 126.1 124.7 125.7 126.2 127.6 125.3 121.7 124.6 121.7 119.3 115.9 77.6 77.7 78.5 77.8 77.5 77.6 79.5 80.5 77.9 75.1 72.2 70.6 71.3 94.3 73.7 91.9 75.6 91.5 75.3 92.3 76.0 92.8 75.4 95.6 76.7 100.7 78.4 107.3 73.6 114.7 103.4 68.8 63.5 94.1 61. 6 89.9 95.8 94.0 92.0 92.0 93.6 94.1 94.6 96.2 99.2 92.6 87.5 84.6 113.1 113.1 113.0 112.4 114.2 114.3 115.2 113.8 113.2 111.9 109.1 107.4 112.3 112.2 111.3 109.5 112.3 112.3 111.0 108.4 108.3 106.3 103.3 100.4 102.2 101.0 100.6 102.4 102.3 95.5 96.1 93.8 94.2 94.3 94.2 94.4 88.8 89.7 88.0 100.6 112.8 122.2 111.6 120.1 122.0 122.2 71 CHAP. 4.----KESULTS OF BEVISION T 8 . — Indexes o f employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued able [3-year average, 1923-25=100] Leather and its manufactures—Continued Month and year Group index Boots and shoes Em ploy ment 19321 January____________ February__________ M arch_____ _____ A-pril--------------------M ay_______________ June_______________ July----------------------August------------------September-------------October___________ November_________ December--------------19331 January-----------------February---------------March_____________ April---------------------M ay__________ _ June_______________ July__ __________ August_______ ___ September_____ October____________ November_________ December__________ 1Data Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Leather Food and kindred products— Continued Group index Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Em ploy Pay ment rolls 79.1 83.7 84.8 82.4 76.1 73.8 74.9 79.6 81.5 82.6 76.1 73.3 60.2 69.4 70.6 63.0 51.6 50.6 52.3 58.4 61.7 62.3 49.4 47.5 81.3 86.7 88.5 85.4 78.2 76.4 77.9 83.5 85.2 85.8 77.2 73.9 60.3 71.2 72.9 64.1 51.1 50.9 53.1 60.2 63.5 63.0 46.7 44.6 71.0 72.5 71.5 71.0 68.0 64.1 63.7 65.1 67.7 70.6 72.5 71.5 58.9 62.6 61.4 58.3 52.7 49.5 48.9 51.3 54.8 58.9 57.6 56.5 83.7 82.3 81.5 82.8 82.2 84.9 86.2 91.2 97.9 93.8 87.3 82.8 78.7 76.7 75.1 74.6 74/8 74.5 72.3 74.0 77.4 75.3 70.2 67.3 104.3 103.1 103.5 102.7 99.9 99.5 98.3 97.7 97.1 95.4 94.6 91.2 90.5 89. 2 86.0 84.5 85.8 85.6 82.7 80.7 76.7 80.9 80.1 78.3 79.9 83.4 89.5 92.9 90.7 88.9 79.1 78.7 49.3 56.5 53.1 51.8 57.3 64.8 72.4 78.2 77.5 72.3 60.1 61.1 78.2 83.2 82.7 81.6 81.6 84.0 97.3 93.2 90.3 88.3 77.0 75.8 47.9 56.2 53.2 52.9 56.5 63.1 71.4 77.7 77.1 70.1 55.6 55.7 70.8 72.4 70.5 66.4 73.8 81.1 86.3 92.2 92.5 91.4 87.8 90.8 53.2 56.5 52.6 47.5 59.2 69.5 74.8 78.6 78.2 78.8 74.3 78.8 79.1 78.2 77.0 83.0 85.1 89.7 94.5 105.4 120.9 115.9 104.8 99.2 64.6 63.0 60.8 67.5 70.4 73.5 76.8 82.1 94.8 91.1 85.3 84.4 95.8 95.4 94.6 95.7 96.8 98.1 99.5 102. 7 108.9 109. 1 107. 7 79.2 77.6 75.3 76.8 78.1 79.6 81.8 83.1 90.2 90.6 90.4 89.6 subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. Pay rolls Baking 102.6 102.0 101.0 100.1 110.1 72 T REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAT ROLLS 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued able [3-year average 1923-25=100] Food and kindred products—Continued Month and year Beverages Butter Canning and preserving Confectionery Flour Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em Pay ploy rolls ment 1923 __ ___________ 104.9 1924_______________ 97.0 1925 _______________ 98.1 1926 _________ 1927 _______________ 96.6 1928 _ _ ______ _ 1929 ______________ 101.3 1930 __________ _ 1931 _____________ 85.5 19321____ - _____ 74.0 19331_______________ 127.9 1923 104.4 95.8 99.8 106.7 100.0 93.3 105.6 100.3 82.0 75.3 76.1 105.7 100.0 94.3 108.2 102.5 79.1 65.7 58.7 97.7 86.9 115.4 97.8 86.9 115.3 108.7 129.4 126.7 91.5 64.9 75.5 101.7 96.5 101.8 105.8 101.1 98.9 101.7 92.1 82.0 74.2 79.7 100.9 97.7 101.4 106.8 104.7 101.0 103.7 93.3 77.5 59.9 59.5 104.9 99.7 95.4 91.8 89.4 85.5 80.6 73.9 68.1 65.1 67.7 97.3 98.8 99.7 93.0 89.1 91.2 88.3 95.2 112.5 124.4 123.6 106.7 102.4 95.5 86.3 83.5 79.6 85.9 113.4 129.5 100.0 106.1 83.1 64.3 118.0 112.0 134.6 138.8 106.1 74.8 90.3 July -August Pept.p.mLot October N ovp.mhp.r December _ 1924 January 93.6 February 93.1 March _ __- 94.0 April 86.6 May __ ______ 83.0 June _____ - 87.3 July _____________ 85.8 August 94.0 Pppfprnhp.r - ______ 109.0 October - ____- 117.6 N ovember 107.2 December 106.2 1925 January ___- 96.0 February________ 98.9 March - ____97.3 91.4 April _____ ____ May ______ __ 91.1 91.8 June - - __ July _____________ 89.3 August _________ 98.9 September ________ 111.0 October ______ 120.7 November _ 119.5 December ________ 116.2 1926 January _____ ___ 106.7 February_________ 107.5 March __________ 104.3 96.4 April _____ - - 95.8 May - ___________ 94.1 June - -- -- -- -93.1 J u ly ______________ A u g u st 97.7 116.0 September ______ 126.5 October _ _____ 120.0 November ______ 110.9 December--------------\ Pata subject to revision when census figures for 1933 became available. 104.0 102.9 103.1 101.3 98.8 98.0 101.9 97.1 94.4 91.8 89.7 85.7 78.7 66.7 55.9 53.9 101.0 112.9 109.0 105.1 96.9 95.6 98.4 96.4 95.8 96.3 98.3 107.5 109.3 114.2 108.7 105.8 95.9 103.3 95.0 104.4 96.3 100.3 87.9 97.2 84.9 93.6 88.9 94.5 86.8 96.8 93.4 99.9 111. 6 102.5 116.8 103.4 106.0 101.4 109.4 98.5 103.2 103.4 101.8 101.7 93.7 95.6 96.9 101.6 106.9 105.9 101.1 99.6 97.6 100.2 100.9 88.1 92.5 91.7 86.9 97.2 106.7 119.5 117.6 118.3 99.6 95.6 90.9 87.3 89.6 94.3 94.8 98.7 100.1 97.6 95.7 99.7 102.7 96.3 89.0 88.5 90.7 96.8 97.0 98.4 105.5 100.9 99.4 93.9 91.1 90.3 86.4 85.2 86.2 91.0 96.7 96.5 96.9 95.6 91.2 96.3 93.1 91.9 87.8 87.6 88.8 93.8 100.8 99.7 102.5 97.8 92.4 100.0 101.6 121.6 111.1 105.0 106.8 105.3 97.1 97.8 97.5 93.0 98.7 114.8 128.2 120.5 116.8 100.2 111.8 111.8 100.8 73 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OF REVISION T 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933 , and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued able [3-year average 1923-25=100] Food and kindred products—Continued Month and year Beverages Em ploy ment Pay rolls Butter Em ploy ment Pay rolls Canning and preserving Confectionery Em ploy ment Em ploy ment Pay rolls 1927 .Tnlv 101. 5 104.7 99.5 103. 5 96. 7 101.8 92.6 94.1 91.3 96. 7 94. 3 100.2 92. 3 88.8 94. 7 98.0 113. 4 115. 6 118. 8 119. 6 113.1 114. 6 108.7 115.2 88.4 87. 7 84. 0 83. 3 80. 8 83.1 85.8 86. 5 87. 3 86.1 85. 2 93.1 90.7 91.0 86.0 86.9 84.5 88.0 90. 7 91.9 96. 2 89.1 88.3 68.4 65.8 66. 5 121. 9 83. 4 103.1 170. 7 248. 7 282. 8 192.9 128. 0 82. 5 74.1 98.6 100.4 76.6 98.5 100. 5 71.0 96. 7 99.7 127. 9 92. 3 94. 4 92.1 92. 8 96.2 93. 0 91.8 95. 9 141.3 90.2 88.9 233. 0 95. 2 98.1 269. 0 110.2 112.6 174.0 122. 2 124.3 118. 5 117. 5 116. 6 82. 0 113. 9 117.1 82.9 85.1 82.0 78.2 76. 7 76. 4 81.1 82. 3 83.1 82. 5 79. 3 77.2 85.4 87.2 85.8 80.5 82.9 82.1 85.1 89. 7 93.1 90.4 83.3 83.3 61. 9 61. 2 66. 5 100. 0 87. 6 110.8 168.9 248. 7 330. 6 220. 2 128. 5 81. 0 65. 5 101.4 103.1 67.3 97.0 99. 5 94. 3 96. 5 66.8 95. 3 90. 5 92.9 88.4 86. 8 87, 9 107. 5 85. 0 89. 4 148.3 81. 5 79. 3 225. 4 79. 7 80. 6 281. 0 96. 6 100.9 184. 7 100. 7 100. 0 111. 3 97. 2 93. 4 78. 5 94. 5 96. 0 76.1 76. 7 76. 0 72. 9 72. 4 72.8 74. 5 74. 5 74. 5 74. 3 71. 9 70. 7 81.1 82.4 82.5 79. 2 77.4 79.4 78.4 79. 6 79. 6 78. 5 73.8 72.3 63.8 62.9 69.0 77.8 72.8 92.3 134.6 189.2 239.2 142.1 78.3 51.1 64.3 67.9 70.5 79.6 78.5 82.3 102.7 142.6 174.9 108.2 70.4 56.3 69.5 68.4 67.4 67.7 66.6 65.9 69.9 69.5 69.3 69.5 67.4 66.8 66.6 66.5 59.9 112.1 75.5 75.2 77.0 82.6 83.4 85.9 90.1 88.0 88.1 81.6 80.3 76.0 76.1 78.1 77.6 80.7 82.2 83.9 84.0 81.8 82.2 75.6 75.6 71.7 90.8 90.1 .9 85. 8 89.6 91.1 90. 5 92.4 94. 3 99. 7 95.1 93.3 98.9 98.9 89.0 92.9 93.9 86. 7 91.3 106. 6 122. 3 115. 7 115.5 96. 3 97.1 95.2 90. 8 89.9 88. 8 85.9 89.2 106. 0 119. 4 116. 4 76.6 78.3 80.6 85.6 88.9 91.9 98.9 94.4 87.4 77. 7 69.9 66.7 89. 3 .7 .3 84.9 86. 6 87. 7 89. 9 90. 9 93.2 93. 3 91.1 88. 7 88 1928 79.4 80.3 81.7 86.0 89.0 92.8 97.3 94.2 89.3 83.7 76.8 75.1 Em Pay ploy rolls ment 88 88 __________ .Trine _ ____ _ _ _ July . ________ August _____ __ September - - __ October November December 1929 January ____February _______ March __ _ April - - - __ May -- June -- - __July ____________ August September _____ October_________ November _ __ December 1930 January - -- -- February - ___ March _________ April ______ _____ May _____- ___ _ June ___________ July ____________ August - __ ____ September _____ October___________ November ____December ________ 1931 January_____ ____ February ------------March. _ ---------------April— -- ------------M ay.--------------------June.. --- -- - ---July. _-----------------August— ------------September..------- ... October-----------------November________ December..------------- Pay rolls Flour 85.7 83.7 78.6 78.7 76.6 67.1 71.8 88.6 92.0 88.5 86.1 86.8 100.2 85.4 82.9 80.5 75.6 75.4 74.2 59.8 67.5 84.3 84.9 79.8 79.4 88.0 68.8 68.6 68.2 64.7 68.7 68.5 66.1 66.6 66.2 74 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS T able 8 .— Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Food and kindred products—Continued Month and year 19321 January___________ February___ _ __ _ M arch.. _ _____ April___________ M a y .____ __ June--------------------July_______________ August------ --------September________ October________ ___ November_________ December______ ___ 19331 January____________ February________ March-. _______ __ April_____ ______ M ay_______________ J u n e ..____________ July_______________ August____________ September________ October___ __ ___ November. - _ _ D e c e m b e r .... . 1 Beverages Butter Canning and preserving Confectionery Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls 73.0 71.9 72.1 76.0 77.7 81.9 79.5 74.6 76.8 72.4 67.8 63.7 63.6 62.7 63.5 67.3 71.9 77.3 72.3 66.0 64.1 57.1 53.1 52.3 70.8 65.2 72.5 75.3 77.9 80.0 81.0 80.1 78.8 74.9 74.1 72.6 65.4 62.9 67.1 67.9 71.2 70.4 69.0 67.6 65.9 62.1 60.7 58.2 44.0 46.6 45.6 59.1 50.9 69.7 91.8 124.4 157.5 101.9 63.4 42.4 48.5 49.9 48.6 57.8 54.9 61.7 72.4 100.0 114.4 78.9 52.5 39.1 73.7 72.5 69.3 66.7 63.6 63.4 57.1 69.5 86.5 94.6 90.0 84.0 66.5 63.2 59.5 56.7 52.7 51.5 43.4 53.5 69.4 73.9 65.1 63.9 65.4 65.8 65.8 65.6 64.2 64.5 64.0 65.7 65.8 64.4 64.2 58.6 57.5 56.7 57.9 57.9 54.4 54.7 54.0 54.8 57.5 53.9 53.0 63.4 64.6 76.0 117.1 135.9 160.4 166.6 162.7 161.1 150.6 136.3 140. 5 51.0 51.3 60.2 115.8 136.4 156.6 160.9 153.8 146.2 131.9 120. 5 130.8 56.1 54.4 54.0 54.4 56.6 59.8 61.1 61.3 62.8 63.7 60.8 58.9 42.8 44.0 41.7 61.8 57.2 69.9 96.2 141.6 220.6 158.5 87.1 62.0 37.8 39.5 36.9 51.0 48.5 55.9 70.2 104.0 193.3 132.6 77.2 59.4 74.2 73.4 71.7 72.1 71.5 68.9 83.2 92.2 99.6 95.4 85.3 54.1 52.8 44.9 48.7 51.1 48.8 47.6 63.4 75.9 80.4 74.1 71.6 63.8 62.9 62.4 64.6 65.2 64.2 68.3 66.2 72.9 74.7 74.5 73.0 52.8 49.2 48.4 53.2 52.7 49.7 56.2 49.3 56.3 59.9 59.3 59.3 68.6 68.9 71.0 73.2 78.9 79.6 81.9 83.0 82.0 79.5 78.3 68.8 Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. Flour 68.8 Em ploy Pay ment rolls 66.1 75 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OF REVISION T 8*— Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued able [3-year average 1923-25=1001 Tobacco manufactures Food and kindred products—Continued Month and year Ice cream Em ploy ment Pay rolls Slaughtering and meat packing Em ploy ment Pay rolls Sugar, beet Em ploy ment Pay rolls Sugar refining, Group index cane Em ploy ment 1923_______________ 99.2 98.7 104.7 102.6 92.1 91.1 103.4 1924_______________ 102.0 99.7 100.3 99.9 100.0 100.0 98.2 1925_______________ 98.8 101.6 95.0 97.5 107.9 108.9 98.4 94.8 1926 _ _______ 96.3 103.2 93.2 97.8 1927_______________ 94.0 100.6 94.0 98.9 90.0 87.5 94.9 89.4 95.5 103. 2 94.8 100.1 1928 1929_______________ 96.0 102.7 96.7 101.5 91.2 90.3 94.3 89.0 93.0 92.1 96.3 92.3 1930 _____ 1931_______________ 76.0 76.9 84.1 82.2 75.8 68.1 80.3 19321_______________ 64.5 56.4 79.8 65.2 76.7 56.2 74.2 19331........................... 62.9 48.6 87.6 67.7 102.6 73.7 78.6 1923 69.6 78.0 103.5 101. 5 98.6 116.3 February__________ 70.6 79.2 99.0 94.2 76.1 85.3 97.8 95.6 123.4 120.4 April _____ - __ 84.6 94.9 97.4 97.3 108.0 103.4 100.7 98.8 117.5 125.8 115.7 103.5 103.4 111.7 June _ ___ 104. 2 July _____ 127.3 119. 2 106.2 104.1 114. 7 107.1 102. 3 120.1 91.0 August September _ _ _ _ 112.7 105. 5 107. 5 104. 4 94. 7 103.3 99. 6 109. 2 105. 4 96.4 October November ______ 96.8 94.9 111.6 111. 3 95. 2 December _____ 95.3 93. 6 113.0 112.4 71. 7 1924 92.7 89. 3 110.4 106. 5 January _________ 73.5 92. 8 91.1 106. 5 103.4 February __ _____ 104. 0 104. 2 March_____________ 95.6 94.4 102.1 99.3 April_____ _______ 102. 6 100. 7 97. 7 94.3 101. 6 May _ _____ _ 110. 5 106. 5 96.2 96. 0 109. 0 June____ ______ 113.1 112. 7 97.2 97.9 110.1 108.9 July_______________ 120.6 120. 7 98.6 100. 0 August____________ 118. 6 116.0 97.4 95. 5 103.7 106. 5 September_________ 110.0 104. 3 97.1 96. 2 October. ________ 96.8 92. 5 95.9 96.1 94.4 November.......... ........ 87.6 85.4 99.0 101.7 84.3 December__________ 83.6 82.9 104.9 111.3 78.7 1925 January_________ .. 81.3 80.6 103.8 106.1 80.3 February___ _______ 83.4 82.8 99.0 100.0 98.8 March_____________ 86.0 87.8 94.2 94. 2 105.8 April_______ ___ ___ 93.0 93.6 89.0 89.1 101.9 104. 5 May_____ ______ 101.6 102.8 89.5 92.2 June _____________ 125.0 128.3 92.3 95.7 102.7 103.7 July_______________ 121.4 128.6 93.5 96.2 101.0 August____ _____ _ 114. 5 119.3 93. 7 96.1 September.. ______ 110.7 115.8 94.1 93.8 99.0 96.3 98.3 94.9 99.4 96. 3 October________ ... November__ _______ 87.4 92.7 97.7 103.6 92.5 84.9 89.1 98. 5 103.9 December.. ........... 93.8 1926 92.6 January______ _____ 82.6 87.9 98.6 103.7 102. 8 February___ _______ 84.1 89.4 94.9 97.9 March_____________ 85.9 93.0 90.6 94.4 101. 4 April___ _________ _ 90.6 96.6 87.0 90.2 100. 3 May _. _______ _ . 103. 6 110.7 89.1 94.1 97. 6 98.4 June_____________ . 113. 2 119.9 91.3 96.6 94.5 July________ _____ 115.0 124.3 92.1 96.6 August____________ „ 113.3 122.6 93.2 95.9 94.8 September_________ 101.9 110.7 93.9 100.0 92. 7 October____________ 94.5 103.2 95.0 99.9 89.8 November_________ 86.1 90.9 95.6 101.3 90.6 December________ _ 84.4 89.1 97.2 103.5 82.3 1 Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. Pay rolls Em Pay ploy rolls ment 100.4 97.0 91.5 90.6 87.5 91.4 89.7 79.6 68.7 67.0 105.7 98.8 95.5 90.9 93.4 90.7 83.9 78.3 72.1 64.0 59.7 104.1 99.4 96.5 92.1 91.0 86.1 81.8 72.7 60.1 47.3 42.5 93.6 110.4 117.2 114.4 116. 5 112.4 100. 2 89.4 98.2 103. 2 96. 5 79.1 108.6 107.9 108.9 105. 5 105. 5 105.5 102.9 99.7 104.7 105.9 107.1 106.0 108.6 104.1 107.8 103.0 101.8 104.5 100.6 90.9 101.0 108. 3 108.3 74.9 108.0 106. 5 103.1 112. 3 117.6 108.0 107.8 107.9 94.3 84.0 80.9 101.9 102. 6 100.9 97.4 97.0 96.6 97.8 96.9 99.4 92. 3 101.6 100.6 103.7 102.7 102.0 93.5 96.1 99.3 96.6 96.4 100.5 91.5 104.4 106.6 81.1 97.6 108.1 99.9 103.1 101.4 99.5 100.8 97.4 90. 5 92.1 92.3 95.8 96.8 97. 5 89.8 95. 5 94.0 94.0 93.0 95. 2 98.3 97.8 98.2 99.7 93.0 94.2 79.3 96.7 96.1 94.6 95.7 95.7 102.9 104.7 105.3 86.8 100.1 88 .3 92.8 92.3 88.7 88. 5 91.8 88.9 86.8 91. 2 93. 7 93.7 93.5 91.4 89.6 94.1 87.8 87.2 93.0 89.5 88.7 93.9 97.9 97.1 95.0 102.6 99.8 97.4 96.2 95.2 89.1 91.8 86.4 89. 9 84.3 81.4 110.8 76 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS 8 .— Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933 — Continued T able [3-year average 1923-25=100] Tobacco manufactures— Continued Food and kindred products--Continued Month and year 1927 January______ _ _ February_________ March. J _ April.._ . M a y .____. . . __ June. July___ __________ August. . September.. _____ October__ November. _ _ December 1928 January___ _ _ _ February M a rc h ..__ . . . April. __ M ay__. . . June. July_____ August September October November December 1929 January__ February March___. . . April. __ M ay. . . . June________ _ _ . July___________ _ _ August_____ __ _ __ September. October. .. November________ December.. 1930 January____. . . _ February. _ March. ______ April___ M ay____ June________ ___ . July... August— September October__ ___ November. _ December______ ... 1931 January____________ February.......... .......... March . . . ____ ... April____________ _ May June.. ____________ July_______________ August____________ Septem ber.._____ October__________ _ November................... December................ . Ice cream Slaughtering and meat packing Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment 82.5 83.4 86.2 90.9 98.8 106.8 111.0 108.0 99.9 91.3 86.2 83.4 87.7 87.9 92.3 97.4 105.1 113. 1 119.3 115.1 108.1 98.5 92.6 89.9 97.3 95. 6 91.6 89.7 90.8 96. 9 97.1 93.2 93.2 92.7 93.9 96.2 98.1 94. 2 93. 6 97.3 102. 5 103. 5 98.4 98. 6 97.6 99.1 102. 3 81.4 81.7 85.3 92.2 99.4 107.0 116.6 114.4 104.3 93. 4 86. 7 84.1 90.1 88.3 92.0 99.3 106.4 114. 6 128.9 123.9 111.8 99. 6 92.9 90.8 95.5 98.1 95.7 92.2 91.3 94.3 94.8 92. 7 92. 2 93. 4 96. 3 101. 2 83. 2 82.6 84.0 93.9 97.7 110.7 114.9 112.7 107.0 94.9 86.4 83.4 87.3 89.5 91.3 101.2 105.4 118.6 123.7 118.7 114.1 100.6 92.2 89.7 80.2 80.3 83.2 88.8 100.3 101.4 104.8 102. 5 92.4 83.7 76. 7 73.4 71.9 71.9 72.9 74.9 79.8 86.4 90.4 88.5 81.3 70.2 62.8 60.8 Sugar, beet Em ploy ment Sugar refining, Group index cane Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em Pay ploy rolls ment 84.9 91. 9 95. 2 98. 7 101.0 102. 5 101. 3 97.8 98.8 93.0 87. 6 80.1 84.1 87.8 90. 7 96. 7 100. 2 96.8 96. 2 91.4 93. 5 87.4 82.8 85.1 91.4 91.6 89. 9 91. 4 93.9 94. 3 88. 3 98. 3 100. 6 100. 3 96.0 82.4 85. 5 87.2 84.3 90.3 93. 7 92. 7 86. 7 97.9 98. 9 98.0 94.5 104.8 100. 6 94. 8 95. 7 100. 6 100. 5 95. 9 97.8 98. 4 102. 1 108.9 80.9 85.3 87.3 90.1 84.8 83.4 93.2 94. 2 92.1 95.1 94. 9 91. 4 79.2 84.1 89. 2 87. 7 82.0 81.4 91.1 92. 3 89.0 93. 9 89. 6 90.4 87.8 91. 3 91.9 89.1 89.9 90.3 84. 8 91. 2 92. 8 94. 9 94. 2 90.7 84.4 84.3 85.1 78. 8 82.3 87.6 82. 5 86. 0 89.9 91.8 90.4 90.2 107.1 102. 5 96.5 96. 5 98.0 101. 5 103. 6 99.4 102.3 101.8 102.4 106.4 89. 9 92. 0 97.6 97. 8 94. 4 97.6 96.8 99. 7 90. 5 97.7 92.1 85.8 85. 9 88. 7 96. 3 97.9 95.0 96.1 90.8 97.3 85. 6 95.8 84.3 83.4 78. 7 86.1 85. 7 84. 6 83.3 83.9 82.8 84. 7 85. 2 85. 9 86. 7 79.4 72. 2 77. 7 79.4 80.8 80. 6 82. 7 81.8 84.2 86. 7 87.2 86.9 81. 2 83.7 81.9 85.2 93.9 106.8 107.2 109.1 106.5 97.4 87.3 81.0 75.7 99.3 104.4 98.3 101.8 93.4 96.2 90. 7 95. 6 91.2 96.4 93.6 98.6 91.8 96. 6 89.3 92.5 89. 1 94.2 88. 7 92.7 89.9 93.6 90.3 92.9 92.1 91.3 95.1 95. 9 98.5 94.2 100.6 93.1 91. 6 87.4 87.9 79.4 . 94. 3 88. 7 97. 2 94. 2 98.4 90.5 91.4 85.6 84.2 77.1 75.0 79.3 79.9 78. 7 79.8 79.8 79.0 75.4 78. 7 79.0 78.4 76. 5 70. 5 73.1 74.0 70.5 75.1 77.3 74.9 70.6 73.3 71.4 70.3 71.1 74.8 76.9 77.2 79.4 82. 4 87.1 90.3 86.4 80.3 68.1 61.3 58.3 90.6 88.0 84. 1 83.2 84. 2 83.7 82.4 81.3 81.3 81.8 83.0 85.7 80.9 77.4 79.2 80.5 81.4 82.8 82.5 82.2 77. 9 78. 7 79.4 „ 80.9 82.8 86.1 82.8 82.1 81.1 80.1 77.8 76.3 80.2 75.6 77.8 72.4 68.3 75.4 75.0 72.7 73.2 72.5 72.1 72.0 72.4 72.8 72.5 65.9 59.0 59.9 62.6 60.3 62.6 62.9 62.0 60.8 57.6 59.4 59.3 54.2 101.2 98. 9 94.1 92. 2 93.6 95.9 96. 7 95. 7 96.4 97.3 97.8 100.8 Pay rolls Pay rolls 102.1 101.0 95.6 125.3 89.7 90.1 29.9 37.6 83.8 26.6 34.2 83.2 26.7 31.8 84. 6 27. 4 33. 0 83.7 31.4 36.4 81.7 36.1 39.0 78.5 47.8 46.9 77.1 49.8 52.4 76.3 161.3 121.9 74.0 184.3 166.6 77.9 163.4 127.2 86.2 88.8 86 2 77 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OF REVISION T 8 . — Indexes o f employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933 , and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued able [3-year average, 1923-25=100] Tobacco manufactures— Continued Food and kindred products--Continued Month and year Ice cream Em ploy ment 19321 January______ __ _ February___ _ March______ _ _ _ April_______ __ _ May__________ _ June___ ___ _ _ __ July----------------------August____________ September_____ October. _ __ November_________ December________ 19331 January________ —_ February__________ M a rch ..______ _ April______ . - -_May_______ __ June.. _ -_- -- _ July----------------------August______ ______ September.. — . _ October November. _ __ December.. _ Pay rolls Slaughtering and meat packing Em ploy ment Pay rolls Sugar, beet Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls 60.4 60.6 60.5 62.9 67.9 75.0 73.9 72.3 67.8 60.7 56.7 54.8 57.5 57. 5 57.5 58.8 61. 5 64.8 63.1 60. 7 56.3 50.3 46.1 42.9 84.0 82.5 78.8 77.9 79.7 79.1 78. 2 78.1 80.0 80.5 79.1 79. 1 74.2 70.9 66.9 66.4 68.0 65.9 62.5 60.6 63.2 63. 2 59.8 60.8 46.2 23.2 24.1 26.3 30.4 36.0 37.0 47. 4 56.8 194.0 216. 2 182.3 39.8 28.6 26.6 28.0 32.6 33.5 31.1 38.5 46.3 118.0 146.7 105.1 77.0 73.6 74.5 72.4 73.9 72.6 73.7 74.3 75.3 75.7 74.3 72.6 70.0 69.2 71.5 69.2 70.5 68.5 71.2 70.7 70.3 66.4 64.2 62.8 54.3 54.7 54.8 56.0 59.7 69. 1 70.8 73.0 74.3 68. 0 61.8 58.6 43.0 42.6 42.1 43.0 46.5 77.6 77.7 75.7 76.4 80.4 82.9 85.2 94,2 102.2 101. 5 98.9 59.9 58.9 54.8 58.9 62.1 64.9 66. 5 72.1 78. 2 103.7 44.5 32. 2 35.6 39.6 44.3 47.7 73.9 83. 2 225. 7 262. 3 238.7 62.6 31.5 28.3 30.2 31.7 34.0 37.7 55.6 62.8 153. 0 191.6 164.8 69.8 72.0 72.5 72.9 75.8 76.1 78.1 81.9 84.2 90. 5 89. 2 79.9 57.7 59.2 66.7 66.7 69.9 70.6 73.4 69.7 66.8 69.7 70.8 62.9 53. 7 54. 7 56. 2 55.9 52. 6 47. 5 45. 5 98. 0 77. 7 76.6 82.0 1 Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. 91911°—35---- 6 Sugar refining, Group index cane Em ploy Pay ment rolls 63.5 64.8 62.9 61.8 63.4 62.8 62.7 64.3 63.3 49.0 49.4 48.1 45.5 44.7 48.1 47.3 45.6 46.9 48.4 48.2 46.4 55.7 58.6 53.3 52.0 59.2 61. 2 60.3 62.2 61.7 64.6 66.0 62.1 35.7 37.1 33.4 33.4 42.1 43.7 43.6 44.5 48.2 51.2 50.1 46.5 66.0 66.0 66.8 78 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS T able 8 .— Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industriesf by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Tobacco manufactures—Cont. Month and year Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff Em ploy ment Pay rolls Cigars and cigarettes Em ploy ment Pay rolls Paper and printing Group index Boxes, paper Paper and pulp Em ploy ment Em ploy ment Pay rolls 1923_______________ 102.7 101.4 106.2 104.5 99.2 96.2 100.0 1924_______________ 102.7 101.6 98.2 99.2 99.7 99.5 99.5 1925_______________ 94.6 97.0 95.6 96.3 101.1 104.3 100.5 1926_______________ 93.1 94.0 90.4 91.8 104.1 110.8 102.1 1927_______________ 82.6 84.8 94.9 91.8 104.1 111.0 99.2 1928_______________ 75.6 77.4 92.8 87.2 105.0 112.3 96.3 1929_______________ 68.0 71.3 86.0 83.1 111.3 119.5 97.9 1930_______________ 69.8 71.3 79.4 72.9 108.0 114.6 90.7 1931_______________ 71.9 69.0 72.1 58.9 96.3 97.3 81.8 19321_______________ 76.2 66.0 62.5 45.0 85.0 74.8 70.5 19331_______________ 74.5 63.1 57.9 39.9 86.2 69.3 77.0 1923 January------------------ 105.7 105.7 109.0 109.0 96.9 92.4 93.9 February ------------- 105.6 98.9 108.3 104.7 97.3 93.2 94.5 March_____ -_- .. 98.4 94.8 110.4 109.4 99.6 96.1 98.1 April______________ 98.5 96.9 106.6 103.7 99.7 96.8 97.3 M ay______ ______ 104.4 101.9 105.8 101.8 98.9 97.6 96.8 June..- . ------- - 104.8 102.0 105.8 104.8 99.6 97.2 98.3 July.. ------------------ 106.4 105.7 102.7 100.0 98.9 96.3 99.6 100.4 97.4 99.7 90.1 98.9 92.8 100.9 August_________ September.. ... _ _. 101.3 99.8 105.2 101.2 99.1 95.6 102.7 October------- ------- 104.7 108.1 106.2 108.4 100.0 98.1 106.4 104.1 103.8 107.7 108.8 100.6 98.1 106.9 November. December-------------98.4 102.1 107.1 111.9 101.0 100.4 104.3 1924 January------------------ 106.7 107.9 101.3 103.2 100.7 99.8 100.1 February ------------- 110.8 115.5 101.5 101.2 100.4 100.1 100.0 M arch.. ---------------- 109.1 112.0 100.0 100.8 100.4 100.7 100.6 April------------ ------ 107.3 99.3 96.1 92.9 99.9 100.6 99.2 M ay. ---------------- 103.4 95.9 96.1 96.1 99.4 99.8 95.6 June.. ------------------- 96.8 96.4 96.5 99.6 98.8 98.5 95.4 July. ------------------ 99.9 92.9 97.6 97.1 97.0 94.5 93.3 August____________ 97.3 96.9 96.9 96.3 97.1 94.9 96.5 September------- ------ 101.2 103.3 99.2 100.2 99.6 99.1 100.8 October____________ 101.1 101.0 91.1 90.4 100.1 100.9 104.9 November. _ .. __ 100.2 94.1 101.7 105.6 100.9 101.3 105.1 December____ ____ 98.0 103.6 100.9 106.9 101.5 104.3 102.9 1925 January____________ 96.3 103.9 95.8 99.1 100.7 103.0 98.8 February__________ 102.0 105.8 96.0 91.4 100.7 102.7 100.3 March------------ ... 95.8 97.6 97.7 93.7 101.5 104.4 98.8 April. _ ---------------- 91.8 91.1 89.4 77.7 100.6 102.9 98.5 M a y ______________ 92.9 96.2 95.8 96.7 99.9 102.6 97.2 June.. _ . ---------- 91.4 96.9 94.3 95.8 99.6 101.8 96.1 July_______________ 94.2 96.2 93.9 94.3 99.7 100.7 96.4 August__ - - - - - . 95.5 97.6 92.6 95.4 99.4 101.0 97.1 September------94.1 97.3 95.4 95.4 100.6 102.4 102.1 October----------------- 96.4 98.1 98.5 103.5 102.3 107.5 106.4 November. _ . ... 92.9 90.2 98.4 106.3 103.5 110.2 108.1 December.. __ __ _ 92.1 93.2 98.8 106.7 104.1 112.3 106.4 1926 January____ _____ 92.2 92.4 87.6 91.2 103.8 109.9 102.1 February__________ 99.3 106. 3T 91.7 87.4 103.1 109.4 100.9 March. _______ . 102.3 103.1 90.8 92.9 103.6 111.4 100.7 April. . ___ ___ 96.7 96.7 87.4 86.6 103.1 110.6 99.1 M ay_______________ 92.9 93.7 87.9 86.4 103.1 110.4 98.4 June_______________ 92.4 96.1 91.7 92.6 103.1 110.3 98.5 July_______________ 92.6 95.2 88.4 88.7 102.7 107.8 100.0 August _______ - . 93.9 90.9 85.8 88.4 103.0 108.1 101.2 September.. _______ 89.9 91.8 91.3 94.1 104.6 109.9 103.5 October. _________ 90.5 93.6 94.1 98.4 105.9 113.0 106.8 88.3 82.9 94.3 98.8 107.0 113.9 108.3 November. 86.1 85.6 94.3 96.2 106.6 115.2 105.2 December. _____ _ i Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. Pay rolls 97.3 99.7 103.0 106.9 104.0 102.0 102.9 91.6 79.0 60.1 62.7 Em ploy Pay ment rolls 100.0 97.3 102.7 105.8 102.2 100.8 106.1 102.5 89.5 82.4 90.3 87.7 88.7 94.2 95.5 96.2 98.0 97.8 96.7 99.3 103.7 104.6 104.9 95.5 97.1 102.3 104.0 102.9 103.7 98.9 99.3 102.4 100.0 96.6 95.3 89.6 94.1 101.8 106.0 106.9 106.0 97.0 98.4 98.3 98.5 98.2 97.7 94.4 94.8 96.1 97.6 98.0 98.0 101.0 100.2 101.6 99.1 99.4 97.8 98.3 100.7 101.4 109.9 114.4 112.4 106.4 105.9 106.2 104.6 104.0 102.5 103.1 103.6 106.2 114.8 114.5 110.6 101.2 101.8 98.7 98.0 97.2 97.9 98.2 100.4 103.3 103.4 102.8 101.4 102.7 102.5 102.1 104.7 104.7 105.6 98.4 97.5 104.1 109.1 105.3 105.3 112.5 104.6 82.1 61.7 64.9 91.6 93.9 99.4 101.8 103.9 104.0 100.9 99.0 97.3 96.9 95.4 96.9 95.6 100.2 100.6 99.4 98.3 95.8 89.3 93.1 95.8 100.3 99.3 101.9 101.3 103.9 106.6 105.2 103.3 101.1 100.7 102.2 98.7 107.1 109.1 110.0 105.7 108.5 105.9 110.0 106.2 110.2 106.7 109.9 106.9 109.4 106.3 109.6 105.1 104.6 105.3 108.4 105.9 108.1 106.3 111.2 105.6 110.1 104.0 109.4 79 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OE REVXSIOH T 8 . — Indexes of em ploym en t and p a y rolls in m anu factu ring in d u strie s, by years 1923 to 1933, and by m onths J a n u a ry 1923 to Decem ber 1933 — Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] able Paper and printing—Continued Tobacco manufactures—-Cont. Month and year Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff Em ploy ment 1927 January-----------------February. ----------March-------------------April---------------------May______________ June_______________ July_______________ August------------------September_______ October____________ November------------December__________ 1928 January____________ February. ------------March____________ April_____ _____ May____________ -June_______ ____ July_______________ August____ _____ September_________ October-----------------Novem ber------- -- December--------------1929 January-----------------February _ ---- -March__________ _ April---------------------M ay. __ ---------June_______ July_______________ A ugust____ --- September_________ October______ November..- _ _ ---December ________1930 January... ___ _ February---------------March_________ _ -April— ----------------M ay. -----------------June----------------------July_______________ August----- ---------September-------------October __ ------------November ------------December__________ 1931 January. ........... ...... February__________ March_____________ April............................ M ay________ June_____________ July______ _ _____ August____________ September_________ October_______ — November_________ December................... Pay rolls Cigars and cigarettes Group index Boxes, paper Paper and pulp Em ploy ment Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls 84.9 91.4 91.8 91.0 92.9 95.8 96.6 89.4 100.8 102.9 102.7 98.1 81.1 84.4 87.0 84.8 91.2 94.6 93.8 87.3 100.2 100.3 100.2 96.2 104.7 104.8 104.8 104.1 103.1 111.5 111.8 112.7 111.5 111.0 109.3 107.2 108.6 109.7 111.5 112.4 114.7 92.3 93.4 90.7 92.1 92.5 87.1 93.7 95.5 97.8 97.0 92.9 84.4 84.0 85.7 79.2 83.1 88.7 83.9 87.4 91.5 93.6 92.8 92.0 104.6 104.4 103.7 102.8 103.6 103.7 103.9 104.6 105.1 106.9 108.3 108.6 92.1 90.3 82.2 79.9 79.5 76.7 79.9 79.5 83.2 81.8 80.4 92.7 94.8 89.2 80.1 82.5 86.4 83.4 81.7 79.1 87.3 79.1 81.3 82.9 84.2 80.9 77.4 74.1 73.9 68.5 72.5 72.9 72.7 73.3 73.3 84.6 87.0 79.8 75.4 74.9 78.5 71.3 75.1 76.5 77.9 71.9 75.5 73.9 74.6 72.8 67.6 65.3 66.4 62.9 63.7 67.4 64.5 66.1 71.0 78.3 77.5 72. 2 71.3 67.6 72.9 67.9 69.3 68.4 70.5 66.0 73.1 79.4 87.6 87.4 86.8 85.6 86.2 85.4 87.5 87.4 88.7 89.4 80.5 71.5 77.8 80.3 82.0 82.3 84.0 83.5 86.1 88.9 89.3 89.5 82. 2 107.8 109.0 109.0 108.8 109.3 72.6 71.3 71.5 68.2 67.6 68.4 67.8 68.8 70.1 70.3 70.1 70.5 76.9 77.1 74.8 70.0 69.4 71.7 69.2 71.4 71.8 66.2 67.6 69.0 75.3 80.3 81.0 80.1 81.4 81.3 80.5 76.4 79.9 80.2 79.4 77.3 69.7 72.7 74.0 70.6 75.8 78.0 75.6 70.6 73.5 72.0 70.7 71.4 75.4 75.9 75. 2 66.3 70.2 68.5 68.1 70.4 70.1 72.4 74. 7 76.1 73.2 74.3 71.7 63.8 67.9 67.0 67.2 68.9 66.6 69.2 67. 0 70.9 67.4 75.4 75.0 73.6 73.6 73.0 72.7 72.2 72.7 72.9 72.2 64.6 57.2 58.1 61. 5 59.8 61.9 62. 3 61.3 59.8 56.4 58.1 58. 3 52.1 86.1 88.6 100.0 98.1 97.2 96.6 95.7 95.8 96.4 97.7 101.1 104.4 105.3 Pay rolls Em ploy Pay ment rolls 102.3 102.7 103.9 104.0 103.7 103.5 102.2 101.0 100.1 101.2 100.8 101.1 102.1 102.1 102.0 101.8 106.4 108.5 108.4 106.6 104.9 103.1 101.3 104.2 102.8 105.8 105.3 106.1 102.2 98.7 99.4 102.6 106.0 112.4 112.1 108.0 111.4 110.9 111.2 111.4 109.8 110.3 112.2 114.7 115.1 117.2 97.4 95.7 95.6 93.4 92.7 93.1 92.4 92.9 96.8 101.7 103.7 99.9 101.4 98.9 100.7 97.5 98.0 101.0 96.3 97.5 102.9 109.9 113.1 107.2 115.2 117.1 119.2 117.7 119.0 110.0 118.5 110.8 116. 5 111. 5 118.0 113.8 122.0 114.3 123. 5 115.1 123.1 115. 7 124. 5 94.2 94.6 94.5 94.8 94.4 95.0 96.0 96.9 100.9 105.7 106.1 101.7 98.1 99.7 101.7 113.5 112.1 111.7 110.2 109.8 108.5 107.2 106.1 104.7 104.4 103.8 103.8 94.3 92.3 91.9 90.5 88.8 88.9 88.3 89.8 91.3 92.2 91.4 108.4 108.4 107.7 106.9 106.4 105.4 88.1 94.8 93.8 94.8 91.9 89.6 90.7 89.2 89.5 92.4 94.0 91.8 86.4 98.5 97.2 94.8 94.7 115.4 114.6 113.5 111.9 109.6 97.9 100.6 97.4 96. 6 93.3 92.4 83.0 81.8 81. 9 81.9 81.2 80. 5 79.7 80.6 82.6 84.1 83. 3 80.7 79.0 79.7 82.2 81.4 81.0 79. 2 76.3 77.6 77.3 82.2 78.0 74.3 91.9 91.6 91.1 91.0 91.6 89. 7 89.8 89.8 87.8 87.8 86.3 85.2 87.3 90.9 90.0 88.1 87.7 83.1 79.4 81.1 74.9 76.4 74.2 71.9 102.8 102.2 103.0 103.9 104.6 105.5 105.8 101.2 99.7 99. 2 98.6 98.3 96.0 95.1 94.5 93.3 93.7 93. 0 92.5 111.8 111.2 120.8 120.7 120.5 118.8 118.5 116.7 111.6 111. 1 110.0 108.8 108.5 108.8 104.1 103. 2 104. 3 102.7 101.8 98.1 94.7 93.9 90.9 91.9 90.7 90.8 100.8 100.2 99.3 99.4 99.8 107.1 112.6 111.0 104.6 100.7 100.0 99.4 99.8 99.4 99.3 100.2 99.9 101.3 101.9 102.2 103.5 102.3 103.1 104.0 104. 4 105.0 105.1 106.1 106. 2 107.1 107.6 108.7 108.2 108.0 100.8 100.8 103.7 104. 9 105.3 104. 3 103.8 103.8 101.2 104.7 104.9 108.3 109.0 109.2 108.1 111. 5 111. 7 112.0 111.9 111.8 110.0 113.6 113.7 116.4 114.6 114. 7 112.1 80 T REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued able [3-year average 1923-25=100] Tobacco manufactures—Cont. Month and year 19321 January____ _____ February__________ March_____________ A pril______________ M ay_______________ June______________ July_______________ August____________ September_________ October...................... November________ December . . . ______ 19331 January____________ February_________ March____ ____ ____ April______________ M ay_______________ June______________ July_______________ August____________ September_________ October____________ November__ ... ... December__________ 1 Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff Cigars and cigarettes Paper and printing—Continued Group index Boxes, paper Paper and pulp Em ploy ment Pay rolls 73.9 72.6 72.5 71.8 68.4 68.4 65.9 65.9 69.1 72.8 73.4 71.2 65.3 64.8 65.6 63.2 58.3 57.5 52.6 52.6 58.7 63.6 61.3 57.7 85.0 85.4 85.6 84.0 82.5 80.6 79.4 79.4 81.4 82.7 82.5 80.1 67.7 71.5 71.3 66.9 64.1 58.3 53.7 54.6 5L7 60.9 58.7 54.6 51.1 53.5 51.1 50.8 £5.6 61.1 65.3 71.1 75.9 75.6 71.9 69.0 79.3 79.6 79.5 79.7 82.1 84.9 89.9 97.6 103.1 104.1 52.5 54.3 52.9 53.3 58.7 63.2 68.3 76.2 77.6 77.5 72.4 71.9 Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment 78.8 79.3 76.2 74.6 74.6 76.7 75.2 76.1 75.0 77.0 76.5 74.4 74.9 72.6 65.0 64.6 64.1 65.6 62.6 64.3 66.4 65.6 64.3 62.1 61.6 64.3 63.3 61.5 60.2 61.7 61.1 61.0 62.9 64.7 65.5 61.8 45.8 46.6 46.0 43.1 42.3 45.9 45.5 43.3 44.6 46.2 46.2 44.4 90.7 89.0 87.0 85.3 83.6 82.1 80.8 82.3 83.9 83.6 83.1 85.5 83.5 82.3 79.8 76.9 72.8 68.9 67.1 69.8 71.7 70.0 69.5 77.1 73.7 71.7 69.1 72.5 74.9 72.0 75.8 76.7 78.6 77. G 75.2 66.4 58.5 53.2 55.6 62.6 63.4 61.0 68.0 68.9 68.9 64. 7 53.0 56.7 50.9 49.8 57.5 59.4 58.8 60.4 59.8 62.9 64.7 60.4 31.8 34.5 30.9 30.6 39.6 41.2 41.4 41.6 45.6 49.0 48.3 44.1 81.6 81.5 80.0 79.8 80.6 82.3 84.1 88.7 92.7 94.5 94.2 94.5 66.7 65.6 63.1 62.2 64.9 66.4 67.9 71.0 74.7 76.0 75.6 77.2 66.1 88.2 Pay rolls Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. 66.6 67.6 68.3 66.3 68.4 72.9 77.1 85.2 90.0 91.6 87.5 82.8 Em Pay ploy rolls ment 102.2 101.1 81 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OF REVISION T 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued able [3-year average 1923-25=100] Paper and printing—Con. Chemicals and allied products Printing and publishing Month and year Group index Cottonseed— petroleum Chemicals oil, cake, and Newspapers Group index lessrefining meal and Book and job periodicals Em Em Em Em Em Em ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ment roll ment roll ment roll ment roll ment roll ment roll 1923___________ 98.3 95.5 98.9 94.7 102.9 102.2 102.9 102.1 1924___________ 100.7 100.0 101.0 100.6 96.7 96.3 96.9 96.8 1925___________ 101.0 104.5 100.1 104.7 100.4 101.5 100.2 101.0 1926___________ 104.9 112.5 101.7 110.3 106.7 108.8 105.6 107.6 111. 1 104.1 107.9 102. 7 106. 7 1927___________ 106.9 114.1 102.2 1928___________ 107.4 113.6 104. 5 113.6 102.9 108.1 102.4 108.1 1929___________ 113.1 118.7 111.0 121.8 115.6 121.0 113.4 118.5 1930___________ 110.9 115.6 109.9 119.4 109.5 112.2 105.8 106.6 95.1 91.8 92.5 87. 5 101.8 108.0 1931___________ 100.7 99.1 19321__________ 85.8 73.4 92.8 88. 6 84.0 70.4 81.1 65.8 19331__________ 79.4 62.5 93.3 80.0 94.7 74.3 93.5 71.6 1923 January.. ... - 98.3 94.5 98.2 91.6 101.7 96.4 102.8 96.3 February--------- 98.5 94.8 97. 5 92.0 104.0 97. 5 105.4 97.7 M a rc h ..--------- 98.8 96.3 98.0 93.4 105.0 101.5 106.0 101.4 April--------------- 98.3 95.6 97.7 94.4 103.1 103.3 102.6 102.5 May. ------------- 95.9 94.8 99.1 95.7 104.4 105.8 103.1 104.8 June_________ 97.1 94. 1 98.4 95.0 102.4 104. 5 100.9 102.9 93.3 100. 6 104.8 98.7 103.2 July---------------- 98.0 95.1 97.2 August-------- - 96.7 88.3 97.2 91.7 101.0 101.0 99.7 100.0 September... . 98.0 95.0 98.9 93.7 102.8 102.8 102. 5 102.3 October.. ------- 98.5 98.1 100.7 97.3 103.2 105.7 103.8 106.7 November___ _ 99.8 98.0 102. 0 98.1 104.0 101.2 105. 4 103.5 December____ 101.4 100.8 102.4 100. 6 102.3 101.3 103.9 103.8 1924 January.---------- 102.5 103.8 102.3 98.9 101.0 97.9 102.4 100.7 February______ 101.1 100.9 101.8 99. 3 102.1 99. 6 103. 5 101.9 March________ 101.2 101.1 101.7 100.4 102.7 101.9 104.2 104.0 April__________ 99.3 100.4 102.3 102.1 101.4 100.8 102.4 102.5 M ay__________ 99.9 99.8 102.0 101. 5 96. 6 98.3 96.4 98.7 June.. . . . ------ 99.4 98.2 100. 7 101.3 90. 0 93.0 88.1 91.3 87.3 88.4 July___________ 98.8 94.7 99.5 99.46 89.4 90.0 88.6 90.5 August----- ------ 97.9 94.7 98.9 96. 90.2 91. 7 September------- 100.9 99.4 100.8 100.2 94.2 93.0 93.9 92.8 October ... ... 100.9 100.4 100.0 101.0 96.8 94.7 97. 5 95.5 November__._ 101. 6 100.8 101.0 102.2 97.9 97. 5 98.8 97.5 D ecem ber..___ 104.3 105.2 101.5 104.8 98.6 97.2 99.7 98.2 1925 January---- . - 104.6 106.4 100.2 101.5 97.9 96. 6 98.9 97.9 February___ .. 102.9 103.8 99.2 101.6 98. 7 99.4 99.6 100.1 M a rc h ..--------- 102.7 105.6 100.1 102.3 100.5 102.7 101.8 103. 4 April ________ 100.5 101.4 99.3 103.7 100.7 99.4 101.7 99.9 May. ---- -------- 99.0 101.5 99.4 104.3 94.1 98.9 93.4 97.8 June... .. ... 99.2 101.3 100.2 103.9 93.8 97.3 92.2 95. 6 July___________ 99.1 100.7 99.0 101.7 95. 4 97.2 93.5 95. 5 August---- . - 98.8 100.0 98.6 101.2 96. 6 99. 5 94.8 96.8 September_____ 100.0 103.4 99.3 104.5 103. 5 101.2 102.8 100.1 October---------- 100.3 106.4 100.7 108. 5 106. 7 107.0 107.0 106. 2 November_____ 102.1 110.0 101.8 109.9 107.7 109.2 108.1 108.8 December._____ 103.3 113.2 102.9 113.3 108. 6 109. 2 108.9 109.6 1926 January----------- 105.1 112.5 101.3 109.1 107. 3 108. 7 107.6 108.6 February______ 103.1 109.7 101.2 109.1 107. 6 107.7 107.9 108.1 March_____... 104.2 114.0 101. 7 110.2 108.4 109.8 109.0 110.0 April__________ 102.9 111.6 101.3 111.0 106.8 108.8 106. 5 108.4 M ay. ----------- 102.7 110.9 101.7 111.4 102. 4 106. 9 100.9 105. 3 June__________ 103.6 112.0 100.8 109.9 102.1 108.0 99. 8 105. 8 July__________ 103.5 110.3 99.8 107.8 101. 5 104. 5 98.8 102.4 A u g u st..._____ 103.5 109.8 99.8 106.3 102. 8 106. 0 100. 3 103.1 September____ 106.1 112. 2 100.8 108.4 108. 8 109. 4 107. 4 107. 6 October_______ 106.3 113.0 103.1 112.4 111. 6 112.3 110.8 111. 2 November. __ . 108.6 114.9 104.3 113.5 111. 1 111. 7 110. 4 110. 6 December-------- 109.7 119.2 104.2 114.6 109.4 111. 7 108.3 110.3 i Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 becpme available. 105.7 98.0 96.3 109.2 99.5 85.1 72.9 87.2 87.8 83.9 98.1 100.5 94.9 111.7 121.2 127.0 151.3 120.0 109.0 118.9 103.5 84.2 84.5 88.5 63.0 89.7 79.0 71.9 87.2 74.2 101.8 100.1 82 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS T able 8 .— Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1923 to 1933 , and by months January 1923 to December 1933 — Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Paper and printing—Con. Chemicals and allied products—Continued Printing and publishing Month and year Group index Cottonseed— petroleum Chemicals oil, cake, and Newspapers Group index lessrefining meal and Book and job periodicals Em Em Em Em Em Em ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls 1927 January_______ February. .. March. I______ April................... M ay__________ June__________ July___________ August________ September_____ October_______ November___ Decem ber.____ 1928 January_______ February______ March .1______ April__________ M ay__________ June__________ J u ly __________ August ___ September. ____ October______ November_____ Decem ber.____ 1929 January_______ February______ March _______ April__________ May__________ June__________ J u ly .................... August________ September------October_______ November_____ December-------1930 January----------February______ March________ April__________ M ay__________ June__________ July___________ August________ September_____ October_______ November_____ December_____ 1931 January----------February______ March________ April__________ M ay---------------June__________ July----------------August-----------September.......... October_______ November.......... December........... 107.2 107.7 108.5 106.2 105.9 105.5 104.2 105.5 106.8 105.9 108.5 110.4 109.8 110.1 106.8 104.1 106.2 105.4 107.1 107. 7 106. 2 107.1 108. 5 110. 2 110.3 112.7 112.4 109.7 111. 1 111.2 113. 5 113.8 116.7 112.9 115.3 117.9 116.5 114.4 114.1 111.9 112.2 110.5 111.8 109.6 106.3 106.8 107.1 109.5 108.3 106.1 104.1 103.1 102.6 99.5 98.9 99.3 96.7 96.0 96.5 97. 6 116.6 115.9 117.7 114.0 113.0 112.2 109.5 111.6 112.6 112.0 114.2 119.6 117.3 114.9 114.1 112.2 112.7 112.2 112.7 112.0 113.6 113. 3 111.4 116. 5 115.5 118.0 121. 5 116.3 119. 0 117. 6 115. 2 116.3 121.6 119.8 119.9 123.5 121.9 120.5 120. 5 117.2 118.9 117. 4 115.5 113. 3 110.9 108.5 109.5 112.6 109.8 106.2 106.6 104.6 102.8 99.1 96.4 96.2 91.6 90.5 91.3 1 94. 4 103.2 103.4 103.2 103.2 110.6 110.6 111.6 112.8 102.8 113.5 102.0 111.0 100.9 108.4 99.9 107.2 100.0 109.5 102.0 111.3 102.2 112.4 103.2 114.3 102.3 111.4 102.3 111.3 102.9 111.8 103. 9 113.3 104.1 113. 5 104.1 113.8 103.4 111.4 103.3 110.2 104.4 112.9 106.3 116.0 108.0 117. 5 109.3 120.3 108.2 117.8 108.4 117.9 108.3 119.7 109.1 120.3 109.8 121.4 110.3 121.4 109.8 118.8 110.2 119.6 112.3 123.4 114.5 126.4 115.2 126.4 116.2 128.0 113.4 123.5 112.4 122.7 112.1 123.0 111.4 122.9 111. 1 122.2 109.7 120.3 109.0 116.3 107.2 115.1 107.8 116.6 108.0 116.0 108.7 116.7 107.4 317.2 105.7 111.9 103.9 110.6 105.7 113.6 104.9 113.0 104.7 112.7 102.7 109.6 100.4 105.8 98.0 102.7 98.1 103.3 99.8 104.9 99.2 103.7 1 98. 9 104.0 110.1 8 109. 110.5 108.4 100.9 98.5 98.0 97. 9 103.0 104.6 104.6 102.9 100. 7 101.8 102.7 101.7 95.6 96.2 96.8 97. 8 104.9 110.6 112.0 113.4 112. 7 113.9 116. 9 118. 5 110.4 109.1 111.2 114.0 118.6 122.1 120.8 118.5 116.1 115.7 116.2 114.3 108.1 105.4 105.7 105.9 108.1 108.2 106.0 104.3 100.9 99.7 97.2 100.7 97.1 93.5 92.4 91.0 92.6 93.3 92.3 90.9 111.1 114.4 115. 5 112.9 106.0 106.8 102.3 103.3 105. 2 106.0 105.1 106.0 104.1 105.4 106.8 106.9 102.8 103.3 105.1 106. 3 110.4 114.5 115.2 116.6 115.6 118.5 119. 8 123.0 118.7 117.9 119.0 120.3 124.1 126.6 125.4 122.7 119.0 120.2 120.4 118.3 115.0 112. 5 110. 2 107.9 108.3 107.7 104.4 102.2 97.9 99.3 96.4 98.7 97.2 93.0 90.6 88.4 87.7 88.0 83.0 81.9 108.8 108.3 108.9 106.9 98.3 95.4 95.0 95.3 102.1 104.8 105.5 103.4 100.7 102.0 102.9 102.0 94.4 94.4 94.7 95.6 103.7 111.3 112.9 114.3 113.5 114.2 117.3 118.4 107.7 105.5 107.1 130.1 115.1 119.2 117.8 115.3 112.4 110.3 112.5 113.6 111.2 103.8 103.8 99.8 101.2 104.6 106.2 105.7 107.1 104.3 105.9 107.5 107.4 102.5 102.3 103.6 104. 5 109.6 115.2 116.1 117.8 116.8 119.1 120.1 122.5 116.1 114.6 114.8 115.9 119.2 122.5 121.6 118.4 114.7 111.8 114.7 112.8 115.5 111.0 112.9 103.7 109.1 100.2 105.2 100.5 103.3 101.0 100.5 104.6 102.2 105.7 102.8 104.0 100.2 101.8 97.8 97.9 92.9 96.7 93.9 96.2 93.4 98.4 94.3 93.7 92.5 90.0 88.4 89.0 85.7 87.8 84.0 90.2 83.9 91.3 85.0 90.3 79.0 88.4 77.5 108.4 110.0 110.9 111.7 109.6 108.3 107.6 109.3 109.0 109.3 107.6 108.7 104.5 102.9 100.7 100.0 99.7 97.4 98.8 98.6 98.5 99.3 97.8 96.2 93.4 92.2 89.6 86.7 85.2 84.6 84.3 80.7 83.3 83.4 80.6 77.6 119.4 121.7 122.4 125.2 122.1 119.6 118.8 116.3 117.2 119.1 119.3 119.2 112.4 109.8 109.8 107.0 106.5 103. 5 100.4 98.6 98.7 99.5 98.1 97.7 90.4 92.1 90.9 87.4 86.4 84.9 83.3 79.5 81.9 83.0 76.6 74.1 ______ ______ _____ _____ ______ ______ _____ ______ _____ ______ _____ 128.0 130.9 107.7 105.5 89.5 87.3 83.3 84.4 58.9 65.2 47.8 53.7 45.7 50.9 44.6 53.0 70.3 77.3 98.3 104.5 124.4 128.8 115.4 120.6 83 CHAP. 4.— RESULTS OE REVISION T 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1928 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued able [3-year average 1923-25=100] Paper and printing—Con. Chemicals and allied products—Continued Printing and publishing Group index CottonseedGroup index less petroleum Chemicals oil, cake, and refining meal Month and year Book and job Newspapers and periodicals Em Em Em Em Em Em ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls 19321 January_______ February--------March________ April__________ M ay.................... June_________ July___ _______ August-----------September.......... October_______ November.......... December_____ 19331 January....... ....... February______ March -----------April_____ ____ M ay__________ June__________ July__............ . August................ September_____ October_______ November-------December_____ 96.8 92.8 90.3 88.7 87.2 84.6 83.3 79.9 80.8 81.8 80.9 81.9 90.4 84.5 81.6 78.4 75.9 71.3 68.0 64.4 66.5 67.6 64.7 67.4 89.8 89.8 89.1 89.0 84.7 77.1 75.7 75.1 82.5 84.6 85.2 85.0 78.1 78.7 77.5 75.6 73.0 67.7 63.5 63.0 66.5 67.6 67.5 66.4 87.2 87.5 87.0 86.9 81.7 72.3 70.9 70.5 79.5 82.7 83.5 82.9 80.8 80.0 76.0 75.1 75.1 76.0 75.5 79.1 81.6 82.9 83.9 87.1 65.4 91.5 81.7 84.0 62.4 91.0 79.3 85.4 59.0 90.1 77.0 84.9 57.1 90.9 76.2 86.4 59.0 90.8 76.7 85.7 59.3 90.5 76.6 87.9 59.5 90.1 75.5 92.3 60.6 90.8 76.4 99.1 64.3 94.8 81.6 106.0 65.6 98.0 84.4 109.1 67.0 99.6 86.4 108.4 71.2 100.9 88.2 107.6 66.4 66.4 65.3 65.1 68.0 71.3 74.1 77.9 81.5 85.5 84.6 84.9 82.0 62.3 72.9 83.4 62.5 74.0 82.6 61.0 73.7 84.4 61.0 72.7 83.3 64.2 75.4 85.6 68.2 80.5 91.1 71.9 87.9 99.1 76.6 96.8 106.4 80.2 101.2 109.2 84.3 103.2 108.1 83.1 104.0 106.7 83.5 103.5 96.8 97.6 95.4 94.9 95.1 94.4 94.6 93.5 93.6 91.1 91.9 87.5 90.3 84.3 89.6 82.2 90.7 83.8 91.8 84.7 92.1 84.8 92.2 84.9 73.4 74.4 73.7 71.9 68.1 61.3 56.9 56.6 61.9 64.5 64.3 '63.0 i Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. 76.6 75.9 75.9 74.8 73.5 71.4 70.1 69.4 70.2 72.3 72.8 72.3 70.1 69.7 69.9 67.0 64.7 60.7 57.7 57.7 57.6 60.9 60.7 58.9 97.7 97.4 103.5 98.3 99.9 89.9 88.2 80.1 74.6 68.1 51.0 52.3 60.3 56.1 58.9 55.8 99.5 80.0 116.2 89.2 117.4 93.3 109.7 87.9 59.5 78.5 65.8 60.5 87.2 67.7 59.3 82.4 65.5 58.5 59.7 46.3 62.8 49.7 43.6 68.2 60.0 55.1 74.4 67.3 61.2 81.0 80.2 71.5 80.6 116.7 98.9 85.7 134.9 119.9 85.1 117.1 101.1 86.6 112.2 94.3 84 T REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS 8 . — Indexes o f employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued able [3-year average 1923-25=100] Chemicals and allied products—Continued Month and year 1923_______________ 1924_______________ 1925_______________ 1926_______________ 1927_______________ 1928_______________ 1929________________ 1930_______________ 1931_______________ 19321_______________ 19331_______________ 1923 January_____ ______ February_________ March_______ April____________ ]Vfay_______________ June_______________ July__ _____ August__________ _ September_______ October_____ ______ November____ ___ December__________ 1924 January..___ _ _ February___ _ __ March_____________ April_____ ______ M ay______________ June__________ July_______________ A ugust-___________ September. ____ October____________ November_________ December________ _ 1925 January____________ February__________ March. ______ _ -April_______ ____ _ M ay_______________ June. _______ _____ July______ _____ _ August____________ September______ _ October_______ ____ November - _____December______ __ 1926 January _ __ February- __ - _____ March April____ ________ May June - - ___ J u ly ______________ August, __ September _____ Druggists’ preparations Explosives Paints and varnishes Fertilizers Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy Pay ment rolls 97.7 96.8 105.5 108.3 110.4 106.6 116.4 108.2 103.2 90.3 90.7 91.8 97.5 110.7 113.4 119.2 113.1 124.4 116.3 105.3 82.4 81.0 108.5 94.8 96.7 98. 7 98.5 95.4 95.3 79.7 80.4 66.4 76.3 109.5 97.6 92.9 92.2 97.6 92.2 102.0 74.7 66.9 45.3 52.3 100.5 93.1 106.4 107.6 113.4 111.0 78.8 62.4 82.5 99.1 93.6 107.3 118.4 106.9 109.1 108.3 104.2 73.4 49.6 55.8 95.6 97.6 106.8 117.5 122.3 94.4 82.2 85.7 91.6 99.8 108.6 123.3 129.6 90.3 66.8 64.3 103.0 96.1 100.9 110.8 109.9 104.7 124.4 124.9 106.2 96.1 99.8 102.3 94.6 103.1 112. 7 111.9 108 3 129.2 130.4 105.8 85.4 83.1 98.2 99.3 99.0 96.9 93.9 93.6 93.6 95.1 97.6 101.6 100.7 103.1 91.0 89. 3 91.8 89. 6 88.3 87.3 86.7 88.3 91.2 99.2 100.9 97.4 93.9 96.9 97. 6 106. 7 111.9 107.3 110.6 113.1 119.3 123.4 120.7 112. 2 97.5 114.2 130. 7 121.3 89.2 76.1 83.4 90.9 102.9 103.4 100.0 96.5 87.2 95.1 113. 7 116. 8 95.1 83.9 94.0 91.8 108.5 103.9 98.2 100.5 97.6 98.9 100.9 105.7 110.0 108.7 108.0 106. 7 104.1 100.9 98.4 96.0 96. 6 96.8 101. 7 105.9 108.9 109.3 110.5 104.0 104.5 102. 2 93 8 93.3 98.8 93.7 90.1 89.9 90.1 89.3 91.2 92.9 93.6 97.9 105.4 107.4 105. 7 100.3 92. 5 90.8 90.2 91.2 97.0 99.3 94.0 98.1 110.9 139.8 131. 3 87.0 61.9 60. 2 65.9 89.9 89.9 89.8 93.0 98. 8 103.6 128.5 126.0 88.6 68.0 66 2 . 71.4 92.1 92.1 92.3 95.0 95.4 96.3 96. 5 97.4 97.5 97.9 97.9 97.0 95.4 94.1 94.2 94.1 93.5 93.4 94. 7 98.0 99.2 97.3 99.3 99.9 99.0 96.7 95.5 93.9 88.4 94.1 98. 3 94.3 97.8 92.9 93.2 96. 2 93.4 93.5 88.0 84.1 96.5 103.9 143.8 160.0 85.8 69. 5 75.3 89.8 114.3 116.3 110.3 111.3 96.9 99.2 134.8 148.9 90.9 76.0 84.6 95. 7 117.0 116.0 110.7 116.9 94.0 95.0 95.0 96.5 97.3 100.1 103.0 104.4 106.1 105. 7 106. 2 107.0 92. 5 97.0 100. 5 97.7 102.5 103.1 102.7 108.4 105.0 109.4 110. 2 107. 9 105.7 106.5 106.3 108.3 108. 7 111.3 112.7 112.9 114.6 114.9 114.2 113.9 108. 9 106.7 109.0 110.3 112.0 115.4 111.1 115.6 115.6 115.9 115. 2 116.5 102.6 101.4 98.6 96. 5 92.4 90.1 90.7 93.3 96.4 99.4 99. 5 101.2 100.8 100.3 102.7 102.8 103.1 103.4 102.3 106.4 111.2 110.4 111.8 110.6 106.2 108. 3 109. 3 108.8 106. 6 106.8 98. 7 106.8 110.5 112. 5 113. 3 95. 5 97.9 98. 9 95.5 92.9 92.3 90.7 95.9 98. 6 102. 5 102.6 106.1 103. 9 107.2 109. 3 108.3 109.8 108.0 109.7 107. 6 108.0 118.2 119.3 119.2 102.0 102.6 107.8 108.8 108.3 108.5 110.1 109.5 111.7 118.6 108.9 105.1 103. 5 102.1 102.1 112.8 100.8 112.6 90.6 76.7 117. 5 122.7 116.8 89. 9 80.6 133.6 133.3 116. 9 90.2 87.4 167. 2 166.5 118.3 91.0 88.2 150.0 151.4 115. 3 90.4 88.1 99.1 106.0 114. 9 94.6 89.4 81.0 89.9 104. 7 99.9 92.9 80.3 90.7 103.0 100.5 94.5 89.2 96.9 107.5 106.6 98.2 117.5 126.4 October _ __ 116. 3 liO. 2 104.0 113.4 118.0 November 117. 7 111. 2 104.1 108.6 112.8 December 112.2 117. 2 109.5 102.8 96.0 106.5 1 Data subject to. revision when census figures for 1933 become available, Petroleum refining .9 92.1 95.1 95.1 97.1 98.7 95.1 95. 7 93. 5 92. 0 97. 5 93.8 88 85 CHAP. 4.— RESULTS OF REVISION T able 8 .— Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1923 to 1933 , and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Chemicals and allied products—Continued Month and year Druggists’ preparations Em ploy ment 1927 January___ _ ____ February March. April. __ M ay_____ June. July. _ August September October. _ _ November December 1928 Januarv... February __ March ___ April______ M ay______ June.................. July.. _____ _ August____ _ . September October. _ November. _ December_____ 1929 January. _ February M arch.. . April__________. M ay_________ June. ________ July_____ _ _ August. _ September____ October __ November December_______ 1930 January. _ _ _ February._ March April.. _____ M a y .___ June__________ July____________ August September. _ _ _ October_____ . November. December 1931 January.._________ February____ ____ March______ April___ _________ M ay_______________ June____________ ... July_______________ August___ ____ . September_________ October______... _. November_________ December................. 110. 6 111. 5 110. 4 109. 9 105. 9 107. 5 101. 9 109. 7 112. 5 116.3 115. 5 113.5 99.5 106. 5 105.4 103. 7 100. 9 103.1 97. 6 106.9 112. 8 114.8 114.9 112.9 Pay rolls 131.6 103.6 96. 5 96.6 92.2 95. 6 98.9 99.9 99.4 100.5 98.6 99.6 95.9 100. 5 98. 7 95.9 94.9 94. 6 95.5 95.9 95.7 102. 7 101.8 99.5 104.2 113.5 144.9 153.4 95.7 68.9 67.6 75.4 100.8 97.2 94.2 93.8 117. 7 140.8 155.0 99. 5 77. 9 77. 9 85. 8 115.4 101.8 99.1 101.3 * 111.2 110. 9 109.0 10 6 .8 103.9 101.2 100.5 108.8 112.4 110.4 108.8 110.2 100.7 113.6 114. 6 121.9 122.4 120.3 96.4 99.7 92.9 92.9 91.2 89.8 91.6 88.8 96. 3 100. 0 101. 0 103.7 89.2 89.9 89.4 91. 2 87.1 84.1 85.3 82.6 90. 4 104.8 106. 2 106. 5 99.2 116.0 161.2 164.3 93.7 75.1 75.7 82.0 107. 8 107.4 102.6 106.0 103. 7 114.2 148. 7 154. 3 101.8 83.9 84.3 88.6 113.4 108.8 102. 9 104.4 100.9 101.1 101.7 100.7 100.9 103.5 105.2 107.0 109.3 108.2 108.5 109.6 . 141.8 171. 9 105.8 84. 6 88. 3 90.2 106.0 106. 5 100.8 98.2 109.5 112.4 115.5 118.7 121.6 124.1 128.1 130.6 133.0 134.1 133.6 131.3 111. 5 131.7 132.3 130.5 128.2 126.6 127.0 127.2 126.1 122.6 118.3 114.2 114. 6 133.1 137.9 136.3 135. 7 134. 2 135. 9 132.6 131. 9 128. 7 124.2 118.0 116.4 113.2 111.9 114.5 116. 7 106.1 112.9 112.8 107.8 106.6 102.6 100. 3 98. 2 95. 5 95.9 111.8 121.9 125. 5 121. 5 114.8 119. 7 106.1 116.0 117. 7 122.0 122.1 112.6 124.8 123.8 123.9 118.4 116.8 115. 2 107. 5 109.1 112. 6 117. 2 115.4 111. 4 96.5 98.8 102.1 107.3 107.2 103.7 99.4 110.8 115.0 114.6 107.8 104.1 99.3 99.6 101.2 104.4 108.2 100.6 98.5 101.0 101.8 103.9 101.4 101. 6 98. 2 95. 8 93.0 93. 0 92. 5 92. 7 88.8 80.8 97. 9 107.1 108. 9 111.0 114. 3 159.1 191. 2 110. 8 107.0 112. 2 105. 9 78. 6 97.1 83.1 90. 6 102. 0 99. 5 109.9 97. 5 111. 3 95. 3 108.3 82.1 103.1 Pay rolls 1 1 4 .8 112.2 102 6 102.6 74. 3 75. 9 75.4 73. 5 75. 9 78.4 72.0 74. 0 75. 9 77. 5 74. 9 68. 7 114.3 104.2 123.1 109.0 172.1 143.1 180. 5 163. 6 105. 2 104.8 78.0 84.5 81.5 85.4 87.1 85. 4 104.9 103.9 100.2 94.3 91. 6 85.6 93.2 86. 7 83.3 83.0 81.1 81.4 78.6 76.9 80.1 80.2 80.2 80.4 80.6 78.6 61.2 70.5 70.2 68.3 66.3 65.3 67.2 69.1 68.6 69.4 67.3 59.7 91.6 92.5 116.6 144.8 91.0 56.0 52.0 55.7 63.0 61.8 59.1 61.1 83.0 83.3 97.4 129.2 84.7 59.4 55.8 56.4 60.6 57.9 54.9 58.7 Em Pay ploy rolls ment 115.2 1 1 6 .2 117.3 110.0 76. 9 76. 5 75. 2 75.4 75.2 78. 5 79. 7 81.1 83. 9 84. 9 84. 4 84. 4 1 Em ploy ment Petroleum refining Em ploy ment 115. 6 113. 0 . 107. 3 106. 2 105. 2 103. 5 104. 7 108. 3 109. 2 107. 9 105.4 102.0 100.0 Paints and varnishes Pay rolls 118. 7 129.6 127.4 123.8 120. 3 117. 7 119.8 120.9 125.6 131. 6 129.0 128.0 106.1 107.9 107.3 Fertilizers Em ploy ment Pay rolls 114.1 120.8 119.4 115. 7 111.4 110. 2 111. 1 113.4 119. 0 122. 4 121.4 117.8 111 6 Explosives 94.9 95.8 97.1 98.5 101.1 100.2 94.7 91.9 91.7 90.8 88.1 87.4 90.4 95.1 97.5 98.3 101.9 99.0 90.8 86.3 84.2 82.9 78.9 78.1 101.6 110.6 111.4 108.3 106.6 104.4 102.7 101.9 100.5 100.9 113.8 1 2 0 .5 12l! 7 118! 7 1 1 3 .2 116. 5 110. 6 no! 2 107.1 105. 4 103 0 102.6 103. 6 103. 6 104.1 105. 4 103. 5 106. 5 110.1 112.0 113. 2 112.4 112.3 112.9 116. 9 119.3 124. 8 127.1 128. 7 132. 6 134.8 139.7 140. 2 137. 7 136.8 86 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS T a b l e 8 .— Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Chemicals and allied products—Continued Month and year Druggists’ preparations Em ploy ment Pay rolls Explosives Em ploy ment Pay rolls Fertilizers Em ploy ment Pay rolls 19321 January_____ ____ 99.8 93.8 75.9 49.8 64.6 57.9 February_____ ___ 97.4 91.9 73.7 52.2 71.4 57.6 M arch.. _______ 98.5 90.3 50.3 80.5 60.8 April____ _________ 91.7 84.3 65.9 45.9 113.5 82.9 M ay... ______ 90.7 83.1 65.5 48.3 73.5 58.5 June___________ . 87.2 80.0 62.3 40.5 41.0 35.7 July_______________ 81.7 72.6 58.2 38.1 38.3 34.1 August____________ 84.3 74.4 60.4 38.8 43.1 36.8 September_________ 77.1 62.5 39.9 53.6 42.1 October____________ 88.7 79.7 45.6 56.8 43.0 November... . . . . 88.9 81.3 69.0 48.1 57.9 43.8 80.2 69.3 46.1 54.9 43.3 December__________ 19331 January____________ 91.4 82.1 66.3 41.5 62.9 46.2 February__________ 87.2 79.2 66.5 41.8 71.5 46.4 March_____________ 86.3 75.2 42.5 85.0 51.7 April______________ 83.7 70.5 65.6 40.0 148.1 84.5 M ay______________ 81.8 71.4 65.5 41.8 84.9 52.3 June_______________ 82.9 74.9 65.9 45.6 55.9 39.7 July_______________ 86.4 75.4 72.8 52.1 58.6 42.4 August_______ 88.7 81.0 79.9 60.3 64.2 46.4 September. ____ . 95.1 85.4 90.8 63.8 82.3 60.6 October ___________ 99.8 91.0 92.6 68.9 91.0 68.4 November.. 101.9 92.8 92.9 66.5 90.8 63.0 December 103.0 92.9 90.3 62.7 94.8 68.5 1Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. 68.1 86.1 88.2 66.2 66.2 Paints and varnishes Em ploy ment Pay rolls Petroleum refining Em Pay ploy rolls ment 85.9 86.5 86.9 85.2 85.6 84.7 80.7 77.2 78.3 79.8 78.6 76.9 73.3 74.6 75.4 72.9 74.7 71.8 61.5 56.5 59.8 63.3 60.0 57.3 100.7 99.5 97.8 97.6 97.1 97.0 96.0 94.2 95.0 92.7 92.2 93.7 93.4 92.5 89.9 87.7 89.3 85.0 84.0 81.7 78.0 77.6 77.4 74.4 75.2 74.1 76.4 83.8 89.4 92.0 93.5 94.1 94.0 91.1 90.1 53.2 54.9 50.5 56.5 67.1 72.3 71.2 69.8 68.7 70.7 68.3 92.9 93.9 94.0 94.2 95.3 96.9 96.9 98.9 104.9 108.8 79.6 79.1 79.5 78.6 80.2 81.5 81.4 82.2 89.4 89.8 89.4 110.20 68.8 111. 88.8 86.0 87 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OF REVISION T a b l e 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries, by years 1928 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Chemicals and allied prod ucts—Continued Rayon and Month and yeai allied prod ucts Soap Rubber products Rubber goods, other than Rubber tires boots boots, Group index Rubber shoes, and inner and shoes tires, and tubes inner tubes Em Em Em Em Em Em ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls 91.3 104.9 105.7 102.6 101.0 117.0 118.7 103.1 95.5 100.0 100.0 91.8 92.9 83.6 82.3 91.6 113.2 95.1 94.3 105.6 106.1 99.4 99.0 105.3 105.1 107.0 103.0 101. 7 141.2 82.9 100.3 105. 7 110.0 106.8 113.2 110.3 111. 1 117. 5 105.0 107.1 220.2 96.7 111.0 115.1 102.1 105.6 120.3 88.6 214.1 85.9 84.7 82.0 77.4 188.4 87.4 90.2 73.9 62.5 63.2 48.6 102.3 140.4 83.3 75.0 65.4 44.9 52.5 37.7 94.1 178.8 89.8 73.3 73.9 50.2 50.9 42.5 112.2 111. 1 103.8 114.0 111.0 115.8 111. 7 116.7 113.6 116.9 116.9 118.1 115.0 117.0 120.9 123.8 120.5 116. 5 119. 2 127. 0 125.8 May - - __ June 111. 3 114. 0 126. 5 129. 5 94. 6 122.9 117.0 102.1 July 90. 5 85. 0 115.0 109. 6 August September 85.8 84. 6 108. 2 119. 5 85.0 84.1 109.1 122.3 October 87. 3 86. 3 111. 7 121. 3 November 91.3 91.0 110. 7 119. 5 December 1924 92.3 92.0 105.1 108.1 January__ _ 93. 5 94. 6 100.4 95. 7 February March 93. 2 94.1 93.8 89.3 92. 2 93. 7 90.1 84.1 April___ ______ 91. 0 93.0 87. 7 84.2 May ______ .Trine 86. 8 83.9 80.1 88. 2 83.9 82. 6 73.9 75.0 July _____ 84. 5 84.4 52. 6 48.6 August __ 93. 5 95.9 62.7 57. 6 September 92.9 97.4 63.9 61.9 October . __ . 97.1 99. 5 93. 6 99.7 November. _ 98.7 101. 3 96.0 103. 6 December. _____ 1925 January_______ 99.6 99.8 100. 3 106.9 102.8 105. 3 104. 8 108. 3 February. _ __ 103. 6 106. 4 102.8 103. 8 March 104.8 107. 4 100.8 99. 7 April 108.1 112. 2 98. 1 98. 6 May _______ 108.9 109. 4 96.8 96. 6 June.. _______ 109. 5 110.4 95. 4 91.4 July . .. 110.0 110. 5 90. 2 86.9 August ____ _ 108.9 106.1 96. 2 87. 6 September 102.6 100. 0 96. 8 96. 0 October _ 102.1 99.1 102.0 102. 0 November_____ December. 106.1 106. 7 108. 2 110. 0 1926 108. 5 108. 6 111. 1 112.1 January. ______ 108.7 111.7 108.4 103.5 F eb ru ary..___ 108. 2 109. 7 110.9 108.4 March 107.5 109.8 109.3 108.8 April. 104. 6 1C5. 9 106. 6 105. 8 May 103.1 103. 6 103.6 97. 5 June . . . 97.8 100.8 77.0 76. 2 July . .. ... 104.8 104.9 96.4 90.4 August 108.4 112.9 100.2 96.4 September _ __ 107. 2 110. 2 101.1 101. 7 October 101.7 101.7 104. 5 105.0 November December-------100.9 103.9 106.0 114.3 *Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. 1923___________ 1924___________ 1925___________ 1926 1927___________ 1928 1929___________ 1930 1931___________ 19321__________ 19331__________ 1923 87.3 93.1 119.6 164.8 244.4 242. 2 241.9 217.0 281.9 100.1 92.7 107.2 115.5 126.4 89.9 70.0 79.5 97.7 94.5 107.8 105.4 103. 3 109. 9 110. 0 79. 0 64.9 57.1 64.7 115.3 116.3 114.6 112.9 106.2 95.2 82.3 78.3 77.0 79.2 84.8 96.8 95.7 107.5 107.2 107.0 116.8 113.2 79.3 56.2 37.7 41.7 102.3 111.4 117.6 121.4 117.8 110.4 89.1 79.0 76.0 74.6 77.7 84.0 88.0 88.2 110.0 91.1 93.0 92.7 92.1 89.7 87.2 95.2 104.0 102.7 98.2 99.5 99. 3 102. 3 104. 0 106. 3 111. 7 113. 2 114. 5 116.8 113.3 104.6 102.3 105.8 107.9 108.8 107. 2 106.9 103. 5 102. 6 104. 2 106.8 110.3 108.4 99.7 98.2 94.5 95.5 96.3 95.5 88.4 84.6 93.4 105. 7 106.2 99.3 100.5 97.6 104.2 106.9 109.1 115.2 112.1 114.7 116.0 110.2 100.5 97.8 105.3 106.9 113.1 109.1 109.3 104.8 104.0 105.8 107.4 115.7 111.0 99.3 99.7 88 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS T able 8 .— Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Chemicals and allied prod ucts—Continued Rayon and prod Month and year allied ucts Rubber products—Continued Rubber goods, other than Rubber tires boots boots, Group index Rubber shoes, and inner and shoes tubes tires, and inner tubes Soap Em Em Em Em Em Em ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ploy Pay ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls 1927 January February_____ March_____ _ April _________ M ay__________ June__________ July____ ______ September, ____ November_____ 1928 Jn .n n fl.ry _____ February.......... , March________ April__________ M ay, ________ June__________ July.................... August________ September_____ October_______ November_____ December_____ 1929 January_______ February______ March________ April__________ M ay__________ June__________ July__________ August________ September_____ October_______ November_____ December_____ 1930 January............... February............ March________ April______ M ay__________ June________ July__________ August________ September___October_______ November_____ December_____ 1931 January----------February........ March________ April________ . M ay__________ June__________ July__________ August________ September_____ October, ... ... November___ December........... 102.0 103.3 104.2 108.2 111.5 110.0 106.7 106.1 106.3 104.0 101.3 104.4 107.4 109.9 108.4 108.1 107.9 107.9 113.1 114.1 116.0 115.8 112.4 112.1 238.4 242.1 248.4 249.1 226.4 232.3 241.8 247.4 246.5 253.5 255.7 251.3 248.9 247.9 252.3 251.1 246.2 244.0 243.3 238.4 237.4 233.0 233.5 229.8 216.1 218.8 229.8 235.9 242.5 248.4 252.8 257.2 251.6 253.1 248.9 248.2 .7 215. 212. 3 202.9 214.3 217.8 228.0 224. 2 233. 7 240.5 228.9 233.3 239.2 240. 7 228.2 230.8 214.1 221. 4 195.4 193. 2 195. 4 194.1 183.9 179.3 86.2 179.7 86.6 191.0 86.5 190.1 88.6 201.3 90.1 200.2 87.2 199.3 87.6 86.4 201.1 188.8 89.6 193.6 88.6 168.3 86.3 168.1 85.1 211 6 212.8 96.0 94.4 93.9 95.5 98.2 92.4 84.8 90.1 88.3 89.0 80.5 79.2 115.0 115.0 116.1 117.1 118.0 117.9 117.1 114.3 111.0 105.3 93.7 91.7 92.2 90.7 90.0 91.6 91.3 91.2 86.1 84.6 80.9 79.0 76. 5 77.2 76.5 75.4 73.0 74.3 76.5 77.2 75.5 72.8 72.8 71.3 71.1 70.0 103.5 109.3 110.5 116. 3 119.6 115.8 110.0 110.4 109.7 106.4 100.2 108.1 111.4 117.7 116.9 115.2 111. 7 115.0 117.5 120. 7 126.9 123.6 115. 5 117.3 115.1 127.0 127.4 128.5 129.8 124.7 119.2 115.1 109.4 105.2 90.0 89.2 93.3 96.8 94. 5 99.2 100.3 92.9 85.2 81.7 75.4 69.4 61.8 65.9 66.7 66.4 66.2 68.4 71.3 72.0 64.4 62.0 55.0 54.9 50.7 51.7 107.8 107.7 105.4 104.2 104.9 104.4 97.3 97.7 108.0 111.2 114.1 119.1 115.0 112.2 102.8 106.0 103. 6 95.3 101.6 97. 7 103.4 106.4 108.4 107. 6 104.1 100.2 98.6 97.2 95.8 97.6 100.9 104.9 108.1 108.4 104.0 105.2 99.2 90. 3 92.9 88.9 80.2 76.1 73.6 75.5 73.2 75.9 75.8 75.6 98.9 . 107.9 112.0 109.9 107.8 106.8 103.5 99.1 94.6 96.8 114.0 111. 2 108.9 109.2 112.8 109. 7 102.3 103.8 115.8 119.1 124.4 126.8 123.0 115.3 104.3 107.3 103.9 96.9 99. 7 95.9 107.1 108.3 110. 7 112.9 100.6 102 2 102.1 106.2 107.3 105.6 106.2 108.8 113.6 116.3 116.6 115.3 110.2 110.1 114.7 116.1 118.0 119. 7 121.5 120.6 118.3 113.2 107.9 100.2 86. 5 83.4 85.4 83.5 83.2 85.7 87.6 88.1 81.4 78.2 73.6 69.5 65.5 65.9 102.1 96.7 97.3 98.7 101.5 104.0 106.1 109.1 115.9 114.4 109.6 111.7 101.8 98.5 92.8 87.6 79.6 73.4 67.8 66.8 64.9 65.9 63. 6 66.4 68.6 55.0 66.6 47.0 53.5 33.4 59.2 42.8 60.8 44.4 63.3 46. 7 63.8 49.6 58.6 50.1 65.7 55.5 65.3 55.2 68.1 52.7 65.0 50.5 103.2 103.0 104.0 103.6 104.1 104.2 102.8 100.8 101.6 100.8 100.0 99.2 93.2 92.7 94.9 93.3 93.8 93.0 90.5 87.4 84.3 88.5 83.9 83.1 67.3 65.9 66.3 69.5 70.1 67.3 65.2 62.5 60.3 59.4 59.0 66.1 99.1 107.1 109.1 116.1 119.1 115.2 109.9 109.7 105.8 100.9 91.5 100.7 105.7 115.4 116.9 114.3 110.6 116.3 118.7 123.6 128.3 123.6 113.0 114.6 114.6 130.6 130.8 131.6 132.5 125.6 118.1 112.2 103.5 98.5 81.1 79.5 86.5 90.9 89.1 95.7 98.4 90.5 81.9 77.6 70.0 61.8 52.8 56.5 60.2 61.9 64.2 65.8 70.1 70.9 58.9 55.9 44.4 42.8 38.4 40.8 89 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OF REVISION T a b l e 8 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries , by years 1923 to 1933, and by months January 1923 to December 1933— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Chemicals and allied prod ucts—Continued Rayon and prod Month and year allied ucts Soap Rubber products—Continued Rubber goods, than Rubber tires boots other shoes, Group index Rubber and inner and shoes boots, tires, and tubes inner tubes Em Pay Em Pay Em Pay Em Pay Em Pay Em Pay ploy ploy ploy ploy ploy rolls ploy ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls ment rolls ment 19321 January_______ 251.6 162.8 83.6 76.9 68.7 50.9 61.1 43.0 February___ _ 250.4 172.9 84.1 78.6 68.7 51.6 57.8 39.4 March________ 241.3 168.7 84.4 78.3 67.6 49.4 55.7 41.3 April__________ 233.0 159.0 84.1 79.2 66.5 46.3 53.4 36.4 M a y .________ 218.1 140.1 82.1 74.8 65. 7 45.8 51.8 37.0 June.. ______ 156.7 99.1 83.4 79.2 66.5 49.8 52.0 33.7 July___________ 155.7 90.1 81.1 72.3 64.4 43.0 47.1 27.3 August___ ____ 155.7 94.3 81.8 71.3 63.2 39.7 50.1 31.8 219.8 140.3 82.4 72.9 61.6 38.1 46.1 35.5 September._ October_______ 234.5 149.8 84.5 73.9 63.5 41.9 48.5 37.7 November_____ 239.9 152.2 85.6 72.7 64.3 40.9 51.4 43.0 December_____ 246.7 155.1 82.4 69.3 64.2 41.2 54.8 46.5 19331 January.._____ 250.6 156.4 82.1 67.3 61.8 36.9 47.9 33.7 February______ 250.4 153.3 82.9 68.2 62.2 37.2 45.8 32.4 M arch.. ._ _. 238.4 144.9 81.6 66.8 59.8 32.6 42.1 25.4 April._________ 223.7 130.6 81.8 67.1 59.6 35.0 42.4 26.9 M ay.. _______ 246.9 149.1 83.5 68.9 62.4 43.7 37.0 30.9 June.. ______ 260.1 164.8 86.7 72.8 69.3 53.3 39.3 34.2 July___________ 281.4 177.3 88.4 74.3 77.4 60.4 45.5 42.1 August. . ____ 316.1 197.8 96.6 75.3 86.6 61.9 53.1 50.3 September_____ 330.3 213.2 101.1 80.4 88.8 61.4 62.8 56.4 October............... 331.3 218.3 101.7 81.1 88.7 62.9 63.9 58.6 November_____ 332.0 218.9 97.7 80.1 86.7 58.3 65.1 58.6 December.......... 322.0 220.9 93.1 77.2 83.9 59.0 65.6 60.2 i Data subject to revision when census figures for 1933 become available. 95.7 97.5 96.2 93.6 91.9 92.9 89.4 88.0 91.0 97.4 98.6 96.5 77.1 76.9 75.2 70.0 66.5 66.8 62.6 59.5 66.5 76.4 72.4 70.3 59.3 59.7 59.1 59.0 58.7 59.7 59.1 56.5 53.8 53.6 53.4 53.0 43.5 45.5 42.2 40.2 40.5 47.8 40.0 34.5 28.5 30.6 29.1 29.6 94.2 94.7 92.1 90.7 94.1 101.7 110.8 131.5 136.9 139.4 135.2 125.2 64.7 64.5 57.6 59.5 65.1 76.5 85.6 94.1 96.0 103.2 96.1 90.9 52.1 53.2 51.5 51.6 56.8 65.0 73.2 78.0 76.3 74.7 72.5 71.8 27.9 28.7 25.5 28.2 39.3 49.7 55.9 53.3 50.4 49.7 44.8 47.3 90 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS T able 9.— Estimated number of wage earners and weekly pay rolls in industry groups— yearly averages 1919 to 1933, and months January 1929 to December 1933 [All figures subsequent to 1931 subject to revision] Year and month 1919. 1920. 1921. 1922. 1923. 1924. 1925. 1926. 1927. 1928. 1929. 1930. 1931. 1932. 1933. not in Iron and steel and Machinery, cluding transporta their products tion equipment Transportation equipment Railroad repair shops Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls ment ment ment ment 858,600 926,300 572, 400 722, 500 892.400 833, 700 851, 200 880, 200 834,900 829,800 881,000 766, 200 598.400 458,100 503.400 1929 January__ 853,600 February.. 865,900 March___ 876, 500 April_____ 883, 500 M ay_____ 894,100 June_____ 896.800 July______ 888.800 August___ 903.800 September. 905, 600 October__ 895,000 November. 873.800 December. 834,200 1930 January__ 823,600 February.. 837, 700 March___ 829.800 April_____ 827.200 M ay_____ 821,000 June_____ 792, 800 July______ 755.800 August___ 731,100 September. 716, 200 October__ 706,500 November. 686.200 December. 666,000 1931 January... 644.800 February.. 644.800 March___ 651,900 April_____ 648, 300 M ay_____ 630, 700 June_____ 606,100 July______ 692, 000 August___ 684,000 September. 664, 700 October__ 549, 700 November. 536, 500 December. 526.800 1932 January_______ 510.000 February______ 511,800 March________ 502.100 April__________ 485.400 M ay__________ 466.000 June__________ 450.100 July___________ 424, 600 August________ 418.400 September_____ 428.100 October............ . 438, 700 November_____ 438.700 December........... 423.700 i Data not available. $23,937,000 1,026,800 $24, 534,000 (0 0) 0) 0) 30.531.000 1,131, 700 31.982.000 0) 0) 0) 0) 14.049.000 680, 700 16.450.000 0) 0) 0) ) 17.400.000 717.400 16.982.000 0) 0) 0) 0) 25.442.000 928, 600 24, 618,000 606, 200 $18,532,000 523, 700 $14,856,000 23.834.000 835.400 22.531.000 524, 500 15.636.000 464.900 12.972.000 24.680.000 870, 500 23.843.000 559, 600 17.478.000 458,100 12, 847,000 25.875.000 946, 700 26.310.000 558, 600 17.126.000 460, 700 13.025.000 24, 289,000 897, 800 25.095.000 495,100 15.450.000 428.900 12.475.000 24, 740,000 922, 500 26, 334,000 541, 900 17.494.000 404, 000 11.817.000 26, 568,000 1,105, 700 31, 761, 000 583, 200 18.136.000 398, 200 12, 255,000 21.126.000 918, 700 24.197.000 451,800 12.076.000 353, 800 10, 316,000 13, 562,000 687,000 15.135.000 373, 800 9.008.000 309,000 8, 366,000 7.164.000 494,600 8, 546,000 315, 700 7. 012.000 257,400 5, 793,000 8.925.000 517,100 8,975,000 305, 600 6, 799,000 250, 600 5, 652,000 0 25.203.000 26.637.000 27.035.000 27, 593,000 27,885, 000 27.460.000 25.946.000 27,433, 000 27, 433,000 27, 221,000 25, 282,000 23.689.000 1.005.100 1.037.100 1,063,700 1.085.800 1.116.800 1,142,200 1.165.400 1.173.100 1,164, 300 1,163, 200 1.102.400 1,049,300 28.306.000 30.308.000 31.642.000 32, 246,000 33.199.000 33,230, 000 32, 500,000 33,040, 000 32.849.000 33, 389,000 30, 594,000 29.831.000 580, 500 630, 700 644, 700 658,100 655, 200 615, 500 604, 400 591, 600 583,400 531, 500 457, 400 445, 700 16.543.000 21.041.000 21.386.000 22 220,000 21.694.000 19, 518, 000 16, 742,000 18.973.000 18.012.000 16, 343,000 13.169.000 11.990.000 , 397,800 400, 200 401,400 400, 200 399, 800 397, 800 396, 200 398, 200 397.000 401.000 398, 200 391.000 11.214.000 12.048.000 12.440.000 12, 538,000 12, 636,000 12, 305,000 11.790.000 12.342.000 12.133.000 12, 624, 000 12, 538,000 12, 452,000 22.839.000 1,019,500 28.243.000 474.900 11.899.000 381,500 11.239.000 24, 778,000 1,013,900 28.433.000 491, 800 14.167.000 375, 500 11.398.000 24.459.000 1,004,000 28, 243,000 495.900 14.638.000 370, 300 11, 214,000 24, 592,000 986, 300 27.734.000 511,100 15.146.000 366,300 11, 202, 000 23.981.000 958, 600 26, 654,000 514, 600 15.146.000 366, 700 11, 055,000 22, 786, 000 929.900 25, 383,000 484, 800 13, 622,000 362,000 10, 773,000 19.679.000 893,400 22.683.000 449,800 11, 555,000 344, 800 9.609.000 19, 360,000 861, 300 21, 762,000 429.400 10.031.000 341, 700 9.854.000 18.802.000 870, 200 21, 603, 000 415.400 10.339.000 342,100 9.498.000 18.829.000 856.900 21.285.000 393,200 9. 668.000 331.700 9.376.000 16.996.000 828,200 19.411.000 377, 500 9.432.000 331.700 9.155.000 16.412.000 801,600 18.934.000 383.900 9,269,0C0 330,900 9.425.000 15, 270,000 16.359.000 16.917.000 16.678.000 15, 695,000 14.049.000 12.907.000 12.508.000 11, 207,000 10. 888.000 10.198.000 10.065.000 769,600 767.400 750.800 738, 600 720.900 696, 600 667.800 642.400 645, 700 626.900 612, 600 604.800 17.600.000 17.981.000 17.822.000 17, 282,000 16.806.000 15, 630,000 14, 360,000 13.820.000 12.930.000 12.803.000 12.295.000 12.295.000 381.000 7.419.000 333.300 386.800 9. 686.000 331.700 402.000 10.412.000 325.300 410, 700 10.811.000 322, 500 416.500 11,319,000 319.400 400.800 9. 868.000 311.800 378.000 8, 797,000 303.400 368,100 8.471.000 299.800 364,600 7.564.000 296, 700 311, 000 7.600.000 292, 700 311.500 7.709.000 286.700 354, 700 8.435.000 284, 700 8.950.000 9.136.000 8, 737,000 7.967.000 7,569, 000 6.692.000 5, 763,000 5, 789,000 6.108.000 6,692, 000 6.506.000 6.055.000 580.500 579.400 561, 700 532.900 513,000 485.400 458.900 440,100 442, 300 447,800 448.900 444.500 11, 246,000 11,246,000 10,547, 000 9.690.000 8,991, 000 8.133.000 7, 243, 000 6.862.000 7.021.000 7.243.000 7.148.000 7.180.000 364, 600 378,000 369,900 347, 700 347,700 343.600 331.400 295,200 263,100 231.600 247.400 267,800 8.235.000 8.924.000 8.834.000 8.290.000 8.997.000 7.963.000 7.419.000 5.804.000 4.317.000 4.571.000 5.079.000 5.714.000 8,861,000 9.413.000 9.229.000 9, 204,000 8.971.000 8.640.000 8.089.000 7.954.000 7, 611,000 7.550.000 7.513.000 7.354.000 267, 200 6, 569,000 270, 400 6, 312,000 272,000 6.349.000 274.800 6.410.000 266.800 6.398.000 250, 500 5.662.000 244.500 5.062.000 232.500 4.878.000 240,900 4.951.000 252,100 5.356.000 260,400 5.797.000 256,800 5.773.000 CHAP. 4.---- RESULTS OF REVISION 91 9 . — Estimated number of wage earners and weekly pay rolls in industry groups— yearly averages 1919 to 1933 , and months January 1929 to December 1933— Continued T able [All figures subsequent to 1931 subject to revision] Year and month 1933 January______ February___ _ March________ April.................... May. ______ June__________ July___________ August________ September_____ October--------November___ _ December_____ not in Iron and steel and Machinery, cluding transporta their products tion equipment Transportation equipment Railroad repair shops Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls ment ment ment ment 401,700 421,100 401,700 413,100 437,800 478, 300 531, 200 587, 600 613,100 599,900 583, 200 571, 700 $5,630,000 6,108,000 5,604,000 6,055,000 7,356,000 8,923,000 10,198,000 12,322,000 11, 712,000 11,738,000 10, 676,000 10, 782,000 422,400 427,900 413,500 419,100 440,100 475,500 511,900 567,200 612,600 641, 300 643, 500 630, 200 $6, 671,000 6,799,000 6,195,000 6,354,000 7,243,000 8,419,000 9, 277,000 10,325,000 11,024,000 11,882,000 11,882,000 11, 627, 000 290,000 283, 500 254,900 255,500 274,800 291,100 328, 500 347,100 362,300 333,100 301, 600 344, 200 $6,167,000 5, 532, 000 4, 789, 000 5,496,000 6,657,000 6.984.000 7.491.000 8, 562,000 8,290,000 7,455,000 6,639,000 7, 528,000 249, 300 $5,307,000 244,900 5, 307,000 244,100 5,160, 000 232, 200 4,902,000 239, 700 5, 270,000 233, 300 5.160.000 249, 300 5.417.000 261, 200 6,226,000 265,600 6,140,000 265, 200 6, 630, 000 264, 400 6, 251, 000 258,000 6,054,000 92 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS T able 9 . — Estimated number of wage earners and weekly pay rolls in industry groups— yearly averages 1919 to 1933, and months January 1929 to December 1933— Continued All figures subsequent to 1931 subject to revision] Nonferrous metals Lumber and allied Year and month Stone, clay, and crlaoc nrnHnntc Textiles and their products Fabrics Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls ment ment ment ment 1919__________ 0 ) 1920__________ 0 ) 1921__________ 1922__________ 00 )) 1923__________ 0 ) 1924__________ 0 ) 1925__________ 0 ) 1926__________ 0 ) 1927__________ 1928__________ 0 ) 1929______ .... 00 )) 1930__________ 0 ) 1931__________ 209,000 1932__________ 164,200 1933.................... 175, 200 1929 January______ 0 ) February. ___ 0 ) March............. . April_________ 00 )) M ay_________ 0 ) June_________ 0 ) July___ ______ 0 ) August_______ 0 ) September____ (0 October______ November____ 00 )) December____ 0 ) 1930 January____ _ 0 ) February_____ 0 ) March_______ 0) April. .............. May_________ 00 )) June_________ July__________ 00 )) August_______ 0 ) September. _ _. 0 ) October______ 0 ) November____ 0 ) December____ 0 ) 1931 January______ 221, 200 February_____ 223, 800 March______ 223,100 April_________ 220,900 M ay_________ 215,900 June_________ 211,800 July.......... ........ 205,800 August_______ 199, 500 September____ 201,400 October______ 199, 200 November........ 194, 500 December____ 190,400 1 Data not avaliable. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) $4, 622,) 000 2,865,000 3, 039, 000 863,800 821,200 703, 000 894, 300 932,100 901, 300 921, 600 922, 300 864,100 848,100 876, 500 699, 400 516, 900 377,800 406,100 $16, 549, 000 20,358,000 13,161,000 15, 234,000 18, 526, 000 18,228, 000 18,824,000 18, 997, 000 17,916,000 17, 454, 000 18, 062, 000 13,464, 000 8, 641, 000 4, 656,000 4, 900, 000 302, 700 314, 500 253, 000 299, 600 351,400 346, 400 352, 700 363, 500 349, 800 334, 900 328, 500 280,800 222, 800 156,000 157, 500 ) ) ) ) ) ) (!) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 838, 700 844,000 853, 600 871,100 882, 500 892, 200 899, 200 919, 300 915,800 901, 800 872,900 827, 300 16, 457, 000 17,089,000 17, 487, 000 18,011,000 18, 408, 000 18, 354, 000 18,318,000 18,932,000 19, 366, 000 19, 438, 000 18,047,000 16,837, 000 308, 400 7, 524,000 1,091, 700 19, 925,000 309,000 7,732,000 1,106,000 20,897, 000 317, 200 8,107,000 1,109, 200 20, 978, 000 331,400 8, 531, 000 1,104, 900 20, 958,000 340, 600 8, 764,000 1,106,000 20,856,000 343,800 8,847, 000 1,100, 500 20, 370,000 334,300 8,165,000 1,076, 400 19, 358,000 344, 500 8, 739, 000 1,075,300 19, 621,000 343, 500 8, 747, 000 1,098, 300 20,128,000 338, 300 8, 689,000 1,114, 700 20,917,000 327,400 8, 298, 000 1,097, 200 19, 783,000 303,800 7, 732,000 1,070,900 19, 216,000 ) ) ) <*) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 777, 400 760, 700 759,800 752,000 743, 200 726, 500 690, 600 673,100 650, 300 649, 400 621, 400 588,100 14,813,000 14,777,000 15, 247,000 15, 084, 000 14,976.000 14, 524; 000 12,953,000 12, 646, 000 12, 501, 000 12, 393, 000 11, 254,000 10,405,000 275, 200 6, 517,000 278, 200 6,825,000 290, 000 7,166,000 301,100 7, 557,000 303,400 7,607,000 299,800 7, 557, 000 281,100 6,600,000 279,100 6, 667,000 277,800 6, 700,000 273,200 6,725,000 262, 400 6, 217,000 247,900 5, 793,000 5,032,000 5, 296,000 5,424,000 5, 262, 000 5,023,000 4, 776, 000 4, 230,000 4, 221,000 4, 230, 000 4,179,000 3,948,000 3,846,000 546, 000 546,000 542, 500 546, 000 546,900 540, 700 518, 000 511,800 503,100 490, 800 472, 400 439,100 9, 069,000 9,430, 000 9,574,000 9, 303, 000 9,484, 000 9, 267, 000 8, 707, 000 8,599,000 8,436, 000 7,985,000 7, 244,000 6, 594,000 0 0 0 (0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 220, 000 224, 000 232,800' 241,000 246, 300 244,000 227, 900 224, 600 220, 700 209, 500 197, 700 185, 500 $6, 397, 000 8,239, 000 5, 907, 000 6,442, 000 8, 726,000 8,926, 000 8,985,000 9, 257, 000 8,929, 000 8, 541, 000 8, 323,000 6,828,000 4, 786,000 2. 588,000 2, 455, 000 4, 761,000 5,135,000 5,377,000 5, 568, 000 5, 626,000 5,402,000 4, 7o2,000 4, 661,000 4, 461,000 4,253,000 3,895,000 3, 546,000 1, 052, 600 1,045, 300 994, 300 1, 054,900 1,164, 400 1, 041, 900 1,109, 500 1,095, 700 1,119,200 1,062, 400 1, 095,900 950,400 886, 700 794,100 952, 600 $17, 494,000 21,005,000 17,235,000 17, 747,000 21, 590,000 19, 014,000 20,497,000 20, 241,000 21,135,000 19, 510,000 20, 251,000 16,167,000 14,308,000 10, 367,000 12, 664,000 1,044, 600 1,038,000 1,019,400 1,002, 900 978,800 956, 900 888,900 876,900 891,100 903, 200 910, 900 893,300 18,244,000 18,467,000 17,981,000 17, 353,000 16,685,000 16,057,000 14,154,000 14, 215,000 14,843,000 15,470,000 15, 349,000 15,187,000 863, 700 892, 200 913,100 905, 400 916, 300 894,400 884, 600 888,900 888, 900 870, 300 862, 600 859, 300 14,053,000 15, 308,000 15, 592,000 15,187,000 15, 369,000 14,600,000 14,174,000 14, 478,000 13, 891,000 13, 405,000 12,818,000 12,818,000 93 CHAP. 4.----RESULTS OF REVISION T able 9 . — Estimated number of wage earners and weekly pay rolls in industry groups— yearly averages 1919 to 1933, and months January 1929 to December 1933— Continued [All figures subsequent to 1931 subject to revision] Year and month Nonferrous metals and their products Lumber and allied products Stone, clay, and glass products Textiles and their products Fabrics Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls ment ment ment ment 1932 January---------February-------March___ ... April_________ M ay_________ June-------------July__________ August----------September____ October---------November____ December___ 1933 January---------February_____ March_______ April-------------M ay_________ June.- ---------July__________ August______ September____ October---------November____ December____ 181,300 $3, 462, 000 183, 500 3, 556, 000 180, 600 3, 334, 000 172, 500 3, 070, 000 164, 300 2, 797, 000 158, 900 2, 635, 000 141, 900 2, 260, 000 149, 500 2, 362, 000 156, 400 2, 618, 000 160, 800 2, 865, 000 162, 700 2, 806, 000 158, 000 2, 610, 000 414,500 413, 700 395, 300 385, 600 374, 200 366, 300 353, 200 351,400 366,300 381, 200 372, 500 359, 300 $5, 636, 000 5, 546, 000 5, 203, 000 4, 878, 000 4, 625, 000 4, 354, 000 3, 956, 000 4, 065, 000 4, 426, 000 4, 751, 000 4, 426, 000 4, 010, 000 147, 600 2, 311, 000 333,900 3, 487, 000 150,400 2, 345, 000 330,400 3, 487, 000 143, 500 2, 132, 000 314, 600 3, 035, 000 146, 700 2, 234, 000 321, 600 3, 306, 000 152,900 2, 584, 000 347, 900 3, 830, 000 164, 900 2, 934, 900 391, 800 4, 589, 000 174, 300 3, 155, 000 427, 700 5, 112, 000 195, 400 3, 539, 000 462, 700 5, 998, 000 209,900 3, 778, 000 498, 700 6, 919, 000 213, 700 3, 940, 000 506, 600 7, 063, 000 205, 200 3, 838, 000 480,300 6, 232, 000 197, 300 3, 676, 000 457, 500 5, 745, 000 91911°— 35------7 164, 200 $2, 888,000 166, 500 3,046,000 167, 200 3,005,000 167, 500 2,988,000 160, 300 2, 772,000 151, 700 2,455,000 146, 100 2,256,000 147, 500 2,305,000 151, 700 2, 355,000 155, 700 2,489,000 152, 400 2,347,000 141, 900 2,156,000 123, 200 127, 700 129, 100 134, 300 144, 500 160, 600 172, 700 184, 900 185, 200 180, 700 176, 000 171, 400 1,839,000 1,898,000 1, 881,000 1,923,000 2,172,000 2, 539, 000 2,655,000 3,013,000 2,971,000 2, 988,000 2,821,000 2, 755,000 845,100 873,600 840, 700 772,800 715,800 670,800 651,100 736, 600 834,100 875,800 863, 700 849, 500 $12,170,000 12,818,000 11, 866,000 9,963,000 8, 565,000 7,917,000 7,391,000 9, 051,000 11,076,000 11,825,000 11,096,000 10, 671,000 833,000 844,000 779, 300 796,900 864,800 976,600 1,068, 700 1,097, 200 1,078, 600 1,068, 700 1,032, 500 990,900 9,882,000 , 266,000 8,646,000 9,112,000 10,610,000 12, 737,000 14,093,000 16,138,000 15,814,000 15, 794, 000 14,903,000 13,972,000 10 94 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS T able 9 . — Estimated number of wage earners and weekly pay rolls in industry groups— yearly averages 1919 to 1938 , and months January 1929 to December 1933— Continued [All figures subsequent to 1931 subject to revision] Textiles and their products—Continued Year and month Wearing apparel Group Leather and its manufactures Food and kindred products Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls ment ment ment ment 1919— ..........— 1920__________ 1921__________ 1922__________ 1923__________ 1924__________ 1925__________ 1926__________ 1927__________ 1928__________ 1929__________ 1930__________ 1931__________ 1932__________ 1933__________ 1929 January______ February_____ March________ April_________ M ay_________ June_________ July__ _______ August_______ September___ October._ _ ... November____ December____ 1930 January____ February_____ March______ April_________ May______ _ June___ ____ Ju ly.. .. . ... August___ ... September.. _ October______ November____ December____ 1931 January---------February_____ March_______ April_________ M ay______ _ June_________ July_________ August_______ September___ October. .. . __ November____ December____ 1932 January______ February_____ March_______ April_________ M ay_________ June____ ___ July__________ August_______ September___ October............. November____ December......... 507,800 519,400 473,900 487,800 499,300 455,800 466, 500 472,800 501,400 513,100 536, 700 497, 700 472,000 401,800 418,100 $10, 121,000 12,124,000 10,266,000 10,438,000 10,919,000 9,804,000 10, 284,000 10,297,000 11,123,000 11,114,000 11,476,000 9,680,000 8,338,000 5,733,000 5,757,000 1,609,400 1, 612,400 1,509,400 1, 585, 500 1, 714,300 1, 545, 500 1,627,400 1,628,000 1,694, 400 1, 651,300 1,706,900 1, 513,000 1,421,000 1, 250,300 1,432,700 $28,440,000 34.115,000 28,284,000 28,962,000 33,511,000 29,712,000 31,795,000 31, 731,000 33,817,000 32,199,000 33,321,000 27,115,000 23, 799,000 16,947,000 19,394,000 349,600 318,600 280,100 314,600 344,800 311, 700 314, 200 312, 700 316,000 309,400 318,600 295,100 272,800 255, 500 269, 400 $6,978,000 7, 437, 000 6,040,000 6, 711,000 7,472,000 6,654,000 6,831,000 6,909,000 7,009,000 6, 696,000 6,915,000 5, 748,000 5,035,000 4,060,000 4, 394,000 733,600 $14,879,000 713,000 16,698,000 626,400 14,333,000 651,400 14.142,000 681,900 15, 296,000 657,800 15,155,000 664,400 15, 268,000 664,400 15,503,000 679,400 15,838,000 707,100 16,388,000 753, 500 17,344,000 731,100 16,593,000 650, 500 14,173,000 577,100 11,308,000 631,000 11,604,000 519,400 540,400 559,100 546,800 536,100 536,100 514, 600 531,800 546,300 552, 700 531,800 525, 300 11,279,000 12, 254,000 12,897,000 11,669,000 11,141,000 11,336,000 10,384.000 11,474,000 11,944,000 11,910,000 10,728,000 10,694,000 , 686,400 1,722,300 1, 746, 700 1, 728,800 1, 715,800 1, 710,900 1, 663,600 1, 679,900 1, 717,400 1, 743, 500 1, 701,100 1, 666,900 32, 785,000 34,812,000 35,572,000 34,273,000 33,608,000 33,323,000 31, 233,000 32, 658, 000 33, 703,000 34,463,000 32,056,000 31, 359,000 308,800 315,900 312,700 306, 600 306,300 304,100 322, 200 334,000 339,100 338,800 324,100 310,400 6,629,000 6,953,000 6, 732,000 6, 511,000 6, 546,000 6,684,000 7, 244,000 7,769,000 7,748,000 7,465,000 6,331,000 6, 359,000 677,400 679,800 675, 200 715,800 692,600 723,800 784, 700 852, 500 900,200 838,500 771,500 729,600 16,079,000 16,172,000 15,993,000 16,623,000 16, 602,000 17,038,000 17, 686,000 18,797,000 19,717,000 18,676,000 17,576,000 17,169,000 526,400 536,100 545,200 527, 500 502,800 489,400 452,400 471,100 503,300 498,000 463, 700 456,100 10,958,000 11,267,000 11,623,000 10,338,000 9,305,000 9,007,000 8,410,000 9,191,000 10,177,000 9,684,000 8,181,000 8. 020,000 1,640,800 1, 644,100 1, 634,300 1, 598,400 1, 547,900 1, 512,100 1,401,300 1,407,800 1,456, 700 1,464,800 1,437,100 1,411,100 30,631,000 31,169,000 31,042,000 29,047,000 27, 273,000 26,291,000 23,694,000 24,549,000 26, 2o9,000 26,386,000 24,676,000 24,359,000 314,900 318,100 314,900 309, 500 298,000 290,400 297,100 299,900 294,800 284, 700 263, 600 254, 700 6,470,000 6, 532,000 6,456,000 6, 200,000 5, 751,000 5, 619,000 5,993,000 6,103,000 5, 827,000 5,336,000 4, 216,000 4,472,000 690,600 684,300 676, 500 697, 500 689,700 714,200 757, 600 809,000 890,800 794,100 709,100 659,200 16,474,000 16,324,000 16,003,000 16,327,000 16,366,000 16, 793,000 16,939,000 17,458,000 18, 608,000 17,000,000 15,770,000 15,048,000 458,300 487,800 508, 200 504,900 485, 600 466,800 448, 600 470, 600 488,800 474,900 440,000 429,800 8,078,000 9,420,000 10, 235,000 9,260,000 8,192,000 7,837,000 7,848,000 8,456,000 8, 720,000 8, 204,000 6,988,000 6,816, 000 1,383,400 1,443,700 1,486,000 1,474, 600 1, 464,800 1,424,100 1, 394,800 1, 422, 500 1,440,400 1,407,800 1,362, 200 1, 347, 500 23, 250,000 25,974,000 27,146,000 25, 689,000 24, 739,000 23, 599,000 23,155,000 24,105,000 23, 757,000 22, 712,000 20,811,000 20, 653,0C0 265, 200 274, 500 284, 000 281, 500 275, 400 271, 600 287,800 295, 200 286, 200 268, 700 235, 600 247, 700 4, 666,000 5, 295,000 5,654,000 5,454,000 5, 322,000 5,170,000 5, 633,000 5,854,000 5,274,000 4,424,000 3, 712,000 3,967,000 629,400 613,900 612,000 616,800 619, 600 638, 500 672, 600 717,000 766,400 691,000 628, 700 600,200 14, 587,000 14,318,000 14,019,000 14,022,000 14,261,000 14, 339,000 14,420,000 14,665,000 15,115,000 14,110,000 13,325,000 12,898,000 , 563,000 7,194,000 7,550,000 6,345,000 5,244,000 4,521,000 3,718,000 4,876,000 6,127,000 6,368,000 5,439,000 4,854,000 1,321,400 1,375,200 1,347, 500 1, 253,000 1,160,100 1,086,800 1, 010,200 1,135, 700 1, 300, 300 1,368, 700 1,337, 700 1,306,800 19,702,000 21,065,000 20,431,000 17,168,000 14, 539,000 13,082,000 11, 688,000 14, 666,000 18,087,000 19,164,000 17,422,000 16,345,000 256,000 270,600 274,500 266, 500 246,100 238,800 242,300 257, 600 263, 600 267,100 246,100 237, 200 4, 209,000 4,852,000 4,935,000 4, 403,000 3, 608,000 3, 539,000 3,656,000 4,078,000 4, 313,000 4, 355,000 3,449,000 3, 318,000 559,000 550, 300 544,400 553,100 549,400 567,100 576,500 609, 500 653,900 626,600 582,900 552, 600 11,983,000 11, 670,000 11,433,000 11,359,000 11,401,000 11,344,000 11, 022,000 11, 270,000 11,795,000 11,464,000 10,695,000 10, 260,000 419,100 442, 200 448, 600 425, 500 394,900 368,100 315,000 350,400 409,400 433,000 415,900 399,800 6 1 95 CHAP. 4.---- RESULTS OF REVISION T able 9 .— Estimated number of wage earners and weekly pay rolls in industry groups— yearly averages 1919 to 1933 , and months January 1929 to December 1933— Continued [All figures subsequent to 1931 subject to revision] Textiles and their products—Continued Year and month Wearing apparel Group Leather and its manufactures Food and kindred products Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls ment ment ment ment 1933 January... February.. March___ April____ M ay_____ June_____ July_____ August----September. October__ November. December. Year and month 1919__________ 1920__________ 1921__________ 1922__________ 1923__________ 1924__________ 1925__________ 1926__________ 1927__________ 1928__________ 1929__________ 1930__________ 1931__________ 1932__________ 1933__________ 1929 January___... February_____ M arch.. ____ April_________ M ay_______ _ June.. _ _____ July__________ August____ September____ October______ November____ December____ 1930 January---------February__ _ March........... April_____ ... M ay_________ June.. _______ July____ _____ August___ September.. .. October. _ . __ November____ December......... 382.100 $4, 647,000 1,269,300 $15,300,000 416,400 5.576.000 1,318,200 16,662,000 405.100 4.957.000 1, 238,300 14.318.000 423.900 5.611.000 1,275,800 15, 521,000 418.000 5.049.000 1,341,000 16.472.000 421,800 5.117.000 1,461, 600 18, 784,000 418, 500 5, 267,000 1, 554,400 20.399.000 427, 700 6.150.000 1,593, 600 23.472.000 452.900 7.848.000 1, 600,100 24.929.000 454.000 7, 515,000 1, 591,900 24, 517,000 415,300 6.058.000 1,513, 700 22.078.000 381.000 5, 290, 000 1,433,900 20, 273, 000 Tobacco manufac tures 248,000 261, 700 259,200 253,400 258, 500 269, 700 289, 400 300, 600 293, 600 287, 500 256, 000 254, 700 $3,442,000 3.947.000 3, 712,000 3.622.000 4.002.000 4, 527,000 5.060.000 5.467.000 5.419.000 5,053, 000 4, 202,000 4, 272, 000 and allied Paper and printing Chemicals products 528,600 $9,835,000 523,200 9,588,000 514.800 9, 272,000 554.700 10, 282,000 568.800 10, 724,000 599.900 11.193.000 631, 500 11.687.000 704.700 12, 501, 000 807.900 14.431.000 774, 600 13.880.000 700.800 13.001.000 663, 200 12.858.000 Rubber products Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls Employ ment ment ment ment 157,000 154,000 149,900 146,400 146,300 136, 700 132,100 125,700 129,300 125,600 116,100 108, 300 99, 700 88, 600 82, 700 $2,386,000 510,100 $10,873,000 0 ) C1) 2, 772,000 549,100 14,729,000 0 ) (0 2,325,000 467,100 12,259,000 (0 0) 2,206,000 489,400 12,762,000 0 ) 0) 2,317,000 527,400 14,304,000 342,700 $8,499,000 2,213,000 529, 200 14,797,000 322, 200 8,013,000 2,147,000 537,100 15,506,000 334, 200 8,444,000 2,049,000 553, 600 16,478,000 355,100 9,055,000 2,025,000 553, 500 16,501,000 346,700 8,978,000 1,916,000 558, 300 16,691,000 342, 500 8,997,000 1,819,000 591, 500 17,771,000 384,800 10,068,000 1.617,000 574,100 17,036,000 364, 700 9,334,000 1,336,000 511,800 14,461,000 316,800 7,643,000 1,052,000 451, 700 11,126,000 279, 700 5,861,000 944,000 458,400 10, 299,000 315,400 6,179,000 Pay rolls ) 0) 0) ) ) 0) ) 0) 137,800 $3, 500,000 123, 200 3,223,000 141,800 3,676,000 141,200 3,707,000 142,000 3,810,000 149,200 4,069,000 149,100 3,986,000 115,500 2,934,000 99,200 2,165,000 87,800 1,555,000 99,300 1, 740,000 0 0 0 0 108,900 119,100 118, 700 117,000 115,300 116,100 114, 600 117,300 117,800 118,900 120,000 109,800 1,606,000 1,728,000 1, 766,000 1,797,000 1,794,000 1,841,000 1,819,000 1,874,000 1,928,000 1,939,000 1,934,000 1,806,000 573,100 579,600 579,600 578,400 581, 300 584,900 589,000 592,600 605,000 608,000 612,100 615,100 17,124,000 17,409,000 17,728,000 17,498,000 17,693,000 17,622,000 17,320,000 17, 551,000 18,137,000 18,368,000 18,297,000 18,510,000 375, 500 379,300 389,400 394,500 367, 700 363, 500 370,300 379,800 395,000 406, 500 402,400 394,500 9,616,000 9, 866,000 9,977,000 10,237,000 9,878,000 9,813,000 9,900,000 10, 011,000 10,322,000 10, 542,000 10,437,000 10, 210,000 154,500 154, 500 156,000 157, 300 158,500 158,400 157,300 153,600 149,100 141,500 125,800 123, 200 3,987,000 4,402,000 4,414,000 4,453,000 4,497,000 4,322,000 4,131,000 3,987,000 3,792,000 3,644,000 3,118,000 3,090,000 103,800 109, 700 110, 500 108,900 110,400 110,400 109,400 104,400 108,900 109,400 108,400 105,900 1,568,000 1,626,000 1,646,000 1, 568,000 1,670,000 1,719,000 1, 666,000 1,572,000 1,630,000 1, 588,000 1,564,000 1,583,000 603,200 596,100 593,800 586,100 583, 700 576, 600 570,100 564, 200 556, 500 555,300 551,800 551,800 17,959,000 17.942,000 17,924,000 17,657,000 17,622,000 17,355,000 16,592,000 16, 521,000 16,361,000 16,183,000 16,130,000 16,183,000 386, 700 385,600 387,100 380,900 360,100 351,000 352,000 352,600 360,000 360, 200 352,900 347, 200 9,902,000 9,999,000 10,019,000 9,841,000 9,571,000 9,357,000 9,169,000 8,980,000 9,020,000 8,969,000 8,683,000 8,500,000 123,900 121,800 120,900 123,000 122,700 122,600 115, 700 113, 600 108, 700 106, 200 102, 700 103,800 3, 233,000 3,353,000 3,273,000 3,437,000 3,477,000 3,218,000 2,950,000 2,831,000 2,611,000 2,404,000 2,141,000 2,285,000 96 T REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS 9.— Estimated number of wage earners and weekly pay rolls in industry groups— yearly averages 1919 to 1933, and months January 1929 to December 1933— Continued able [All figures subsequent to 1931 subject to revision] Year and month 1931 January---------February. ___ March_______ April_________ M ay______... June............... July_________ August_______ September____ October______ November____ December____ 1932 January---------February-------March_______ April___ _____ M ay_____ ... June_________ July____ ____ _ August_______ September____ October______ November____ December------1933 January______ February-------March_______ April_________ M ay_________ June_____ ... July__________ August_______ September____ October ______ November____ December___ Tobacco manufac tures and allied Paper and printing Chemicals products Rubber products Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls Employ Pay rolls ment ment ment ment 94, 500 $1,311,000 104,400 1,333,000 103,800 1,393,000 100, 700 1,341,000 101, 200 1,393,000 100, 300 1,399,000 99,800 1,379,000 99,600 1,353,000 1,281,000 100, 200 100,800 1,321,000 100,300 1,319,000 91,100 1,206,000 538, 200 529,900 527, 500 524,000 522,800 510,400 505,600 502,700 496, 200 498,000 494, 400 492,000 $15,472,000 15, 348,000 15,508,000 15,277,000 15,135,000 14,584,000 14,087,000 13,963,000 13,518,000 13.661.000 13.483.000 13,501,000 336,000 331,900 323,900 335, 500 323, 500 311,600 307, 700 303,000 308, 500 310,900 307,200 302,400 $8,151,000 8,258,000 8,023,000 8,214,000 8,095, 000 7,737,000 7, 540,000 7,356,000 7,299,000 7,330,000 6,898,000 6,810,000 102,700 101,200 98,100 99,700 102, 700 103,800 101,400 97,800 97,800 95,700 95,600 94,100 $2,312,000 2, 300,000 2,293,000 2,368,000 2,472,000 2,496,000 2, 233,000 2,149,000 1,906,000 1,902,000 1, 758,000 1, 790,000 87,900 91,400 89,600 87,100 85,600 87,800 86,800 86, 700 89,000 91,400 92,400 87,500 1,090,000 1,099,000 1,070,000 1,013,000 995,000 1,070,000 1,053,000 1,015,000 1,044,000 1,077,000 1,073,000 1,031,000 482,000 473,100 469,000 462, 500 453, 600 444,700 436, 500 429,400 437, 600 445,900 444,700 441,800 12, 719,000 12,417,000 12, 239,000 11, 866,000 11,440,000 10,818,000 10, 250,000 9,983,000 10,374,000 10,658,000 10,410,000 10,339,000 299,100 299,100 296,800 296,300 282,100 256,700 252,300 250,200 274,700 281,900 283,700 283,100 6, 500,000 6,548,000 6,448,000 6,291,000 6,078,000 5, 635,000 5,285,000 5,242,000 5, 534,000 5,630,000 5,611,000 5,524,000 92,300 92, 300 90,800 89, 300 88,300 89,300 86,500 84,800 82,800 85,300 86,300 86,200 1,762,000 1, 786,000 1, 710,000 1,603,000 1,587,000 1, 726,000 1,491,000 1,376,000 1, 320,000 1,451,000 1,415,000 1,427,000 77,100 81,000 73,700 72,000 82,000 84, 600 83, 500 86,000 85,300 89,400 91,400 85,900 793,000 434,100 9,912,000 280,000 826,000 433,500 9,752,000 284,600 742,000 425,200 9,379,000 282,600 742,000 424,000 9,255,000 287,400 937,000 428,800 9,646,000 285,100 971,000 437,600 9,877,000 292,400 970,000 447,100 10,090,000 307, 200 990,000 471,300 10,552,000 329,900 1,073,000 492,600 11,103,000 353,200 1,139,000 502, 700 11,298,000 363,400 1,115,000 500,900 11,245,000 361,100 1,035,000 502, 700 11,476, COO 358,300 5,521,000 5,526,000 5,434,000 5,418,000 5,653,000 5,938,000 6,167,000 6,483,000 6,787,000 7,115,000 7,045,000 7,060,000 83,000 83,500 80,400 80,100 83,800 93,000 103,900 116,300 119,300 119,100 116,400 112,700 1,280,000 1,288,000 1,128,000 1, 212,000 1,515,000 1,846,000 2,093,000 2,145,000 2,129,000 2,181,000 2, 021,000 2,045,000 Appendixes Appendix A.—Industries Surveyed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and Date When Monthly Survey Began 1915 Oct. Boots and shoes. Cotton goods. Dyeing and finishing textiles. Knit goods. Nov. Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills (formerly called “ Iron and steel” ). Dec. Silk and rayon goods (formerly called “ silk goods” ). Woolen and worsted goods. 1916 Feb. Clothing, men’s. Steam railroad repair shops. (See Cars, electric and steam railroad, under 1931.) Mar. Cigars and cigarettes. Nov. Automobiles. Leather. Paper and pulp. 1922 July Agricultural implements. Boxes, paper. Brick, tile, and terra cotta. Carpets and rugs. Carriages and wagons (dropped in 1931). Chemicals. (See Explosives and druggists’ preparations, under 1931.) Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff. Clothing, women’s. Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Fertilizers. Flour. Foundry and machine-shop products. (See Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels; Locomotives; Textile machinery and parts; under 1931.) Furniture. Glass. Hardware. Lumber, millwork. Lumber, sawmills. Millinery and lace goods. (Lace goods dropped in 1931.) Petroleum refining. Pianos and organs (dropped in 1931). Pottery. Printing and publishing, book and job. Printing and publishing, newspapers. Rubber tires and inner tubes. Shipbuilding. Shirts and collars. Slaughtering and meat packing. Stamped and enameled ware. Stoves. Oct. Baking. 1923 Apr. Cement. Confectionery. (Combined with Ice cream until December 1923; then separated.) Ice cream. (Combined with Confectionery until December 1923; then separated.) Rubber boots and shoes. Sugar refining, cane. 97 98 May June REVISED INDEXES----EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS Machine tools. Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and steam fittings. Structural and ornamental metal work. Electric railroad repair shops. (See Cars, electric and steam railroad, under 1931.) 1925 Oct. Brass, bronze, and copper products. 1926 May Cast-iron pipe. 1929 Feb. Rayon. (Part of the Chemicals industry up to 1929; then separated.) Apr. Radios (and phonographs). (Part of Electrical machinery up to 1929; then separated. In 1931 Census of Manufactures combined it with Phonographs.) May Canning and preserving. (Not carried under manufacturing industries until recent revision of manufacturing industries; now shown under food group.) 1930 Mar. Aircraft. Jewelry. Paints and varnishes. Apr. Rubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires, and inner tubes. Oct. Beverages. Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines. Sugar, beet. 1931 Jan. Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels. (Part of Foundry and machine-shop products until 1931; then separated. Separation of data carried back through 1923.) Locomotives. (Part of Foundry and machine-shop products until 1931; then separated. Separation of data carried back through 1923.) Textile machinery and parts. (Part of Foundry and machine-shop products until 1931; then separated. Separation of data carried back through 1923.) Explosives. (Part of Chemicals until 1931; then separated. Separation carried back through 1923.) Druggists’ preparations. (Part of Chemicals until 1931; then separated. Separation carried back through 1923.) Cars (building), electric and steam railroads. (Separated from Electric railroad repair shops and Steam railroad repair shops in 1931. Separation carried back through 1923.) Feb. Typewriters and parts. Aug. Aluminum manufactures. Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets. Butter. Clocks and watches and time-recording devices. Corsets and allied products. Cotton small wares. Cottonseed oil, cake, and meal. Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery and edge tools). Forgings, iron and steel. Hats, fur-felt. Lighting equipment. Marble, granite, slate, and other products. Men’s furnishings. Plumber’s supplies. Silverware and plated ware. Smelting and refining, copper, lead, and zinc. Soap. Tin cans and other tinware. Tools (not including edge tools, machine tool, files, and saws). Turpentine and rosin. Wire work. Appendix B.—Adjustment of Index Numbers of Employment and Pay Rolls for Specified Industries and Groups, 1919 to 1922 In the accompanying table are presented monthly index numbers showing the trend of employment and pay rolls in 21 separate manu facturing industries, 9 industrial groups, and 2 subgroups during the period January 1919 to December 1922. These index numbers are based upon material assembled by the Federal Reserve Board from reports of employment and pay rolls collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and certain State departments of labor.1 The indexes for individual industries, computed from these data, have been adjusted by the Federal Reserve Board to conform with annual trends shown by the Census of Manufactures, through the use of a method similar to that employed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in its revised indexes described in preceding chapters. Indexes for individual industries were combined into industrial groups by the use of weights representing average number employed and average weekly earnings, as reported by the Census of Manu factures. Indexes for employment in all manufacturing industries were derived from these weighted figures and are likewise adjusted to the trend of employment and earnings as shown by the census for all manufacturing industries. In linking these index numbers compiled by the Federal Reserve Board to the Bureau of Labor Statistics indexes in January 1923, it was necessary to make certain adjustments in the later months of the year 1922, in order to effect a smoother transition. The separate industrial indexes shown in the following table are comparable with similar industry and group indexes appearing in table 8. Together these present a continuous series over the entire period 1919-33. i For a description of the basis for these indexes see the Federal Reserve Bulletin, Washington, D. C.r December 1923, May 1925, and November 1929. 99 100 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS Indexes o f employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries— yearly averages 1919 to 1922 , and monthly indexes January 1919 to December 1922 [3-year average, 1923-25=100] Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery Month and year 1919_______________ 1920.............................. 1921_______________ 1922_______________ 1919 January____________ February__________ March_____________ April___________ M ay_______________ June_______________ July_______________ August------------------September_________ October-----------------November_________ December--------------1920 January________ February___________ March________ ____ April______________ M ay. _____________ June_____ -July-------------------August------------------September_______ October-----------------November-------------December__________ 1921 January-----------------February__________ March_____________ April______________ M ay_______________ June______ ______ July_______________ August____________ September_________ October______ November______ December__________ 1922 January... ________ February__________ M arch,. ________ _ April______________ M ay. _____________ June.. -----------------July_______________ August____________ September_________ October______ _____ November____ _____ December____ _____ Group index Hardware Machinery group Group index Transportation Lumber and group allied products Autos Group index Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls 99.9 107.8 84.1 66.6 97.1 123.8 57.0 70.6 103.5 102.5 69.0 88.9 93.6 99.0 58.4 72.4 116.9 128.9 77.5 81.7 103.7 135.2 69.5 71.8 85.1 88. 1 52.9 71.9 74.8 90.3 48.7 65.7 94.1 89.4 76.6 97.4 89.3 109.9 69.7 82.2 109.0 103.9 95.3 93.2 94.0 102.7 102.5 91.3 100.5 106.7 100.1 100.1 104.0 97.1 88.3 83.0 85.5 89.6 103.6 102.3 90.3 100.3 110.7 110. 112.60 112.4 87.8 95.3 98.1 101.4 103.8 106.3 108.4 113.9 117.7 126.6 130.9 103.3 99.6 98.3 95.5 92.3 88.4 89.9 109. 6 113.4 123.2 131.1 72.4 73.2 74.9 78.1 79.7 83.4 87.3 89.6 93.9 96.8 97.0 94.8 59.7 64.0 65.2 67.7 71.2 69.1 72.9 74.8 83.6 92.4 90.4 86.5 84.1 84.3 87.0 87.1 89.3 89.8 92.9 97.3 104.4 105.2 106.2 74.4 73.4 74.5 77.9 83.6 87.8 92.2 95.0 99.0 99.2 105.6 109.5 112.0 110. 110.10 116.8 122.5 131.7 125.5 122.5 128.7 121.5 124.1 130.1 132.6 124.0 105.8 111.5 111.4 109.7 101.7 105.7 105.5 103.2 97.1 89.9 82.6 104.9 100. 6 112.0 107.4 105.4 98.3 103.7 103.8 102.5 98.8 96.8 87.1 78.1 134.5 132.9 135.4 134.2 131.8 133.0 133.7 131.0 128.0 123.4 118.0 110.7 134.4 128.0 140.8 138.6 139.3 143.6 145.2 143.0 138.7 129.8 123.7 117.3 99.2 101.4 99.8 96.7 94.0 94.5 88.4 82.8 73.1 65.2 61.4 96.4 100.8 101. 94.5 0 97.2 102.7 97.6 97.1 96.8 92.5 62.4 56.8 103.4 103.8 104.3 98.5 92.4 79.7 88.4 85.1 82.8 76.8 71.2 86.6 114.2 113.8 109.0 114.3 106.0 95.5 88.5 54.6 58.9 61.2 65.6 69.5 70.1 81.6 80.0 73.5 60.5 58.2 48.9 38.3 43.8 43.5 49.0 52.0 54.4 71.0 72.5 71.2 65.4 64.8 66.9 69.1 70.6 71.3 61.7 61.4 62.5 61.0 62.5 59.5 54.7 54.4 55.0 55.0 54.5 58.4 103.3 95.1 90.1 84.4 79.0 74.9 69.2 67.7 66.7 65.6 88.0 66.1 66.1 68.1 105.4 84.5 79.2 73.3 60.0 57.6 56.1 53.5 54.1 56.7 30.7 37.8 46.1 57.5 60.9 58.2 58.3 58.8 58.5 58.2 56.4 53.0 25.2 28.4 38.7 57.6 61.8 60.3 60.3 57.9 55.3 49.9 45.9 42.6 70.9 73.7 75.4 76.3 77.0 77.3 75.3 75.7 76.9 78.4 81.1 80.6 69.8 72.3 74.0 72.3 70.5 73.6 65.6 71.6 67.7 65.4 65.6 66.5 71.7 74.1 79.2 82.1 86.9 87.9 92.5 95.6 98.3 49.0 54.5 57.7 61.0 65.6 70.3 73.0 78.3 85.6 91.5 94.1 71.3 76.9 80.8 84.6 87.8 90.4 92.8 94.3 93.4 96.1 98.4 100.4 56.6 60.6 64.5 65.6 69.7 71.9 72.2 75.5 78.2 81.1 85.4 87.9 70.5 71.3 74.7 76.9 79.7 80.2 80.3 81.1 89.2 92.9 97.5 57.4 59.0 62.5 64.0 67.4 70.1 70.8 73.6 76.8 81.3 85.8 92.8 52.2 56.0 60.1 65.1 72.3 77.1 78.8 80.0 80.1 78.9 80.3 82.1 31.0 46.4 49.8 59.7 67.8 72.9 72.7 78.1 75.5 76.4 78.2 80.1 87.4 91.7 95.5 94.6 99.3 102.4 110.9 114.1 112.9 107.4 108.0 108.5 107.4 90.5 102.1 73.7 76.7 73.9 66.8 66.6 61.9 110.1 86.2 66.2 88.2 97.7 89.7 120.8 98.3 88.6 117.9 101. 1 90.7 114.2 99.5 88.7 113.0 101.7 88.7 110.0 95.1 83.8 107.7 99.7 105.2 108.7 100.1 66.0 68.2 71.0 122.1 86.1 100.0 88.0 Em ploy Pay ment rolls 101.0 101. 101. 20 99.1 99.9 99.7 96.7 116.1 114.8 121. 6 115.1 110.0 68.0 70.9 75.6 80.0 78.5 81.8 84.7 82.2 85.9 85.5 86.4 87.4 88.0 APPENDIX B.— ADJUSTMENT, 1919 TO 1922 101 Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries— yearly averages 1919 to 1922 , and monthly indexes January 1919 to December 1922— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Lumber and allied prod ucts—Contd. Month and year Furniture Em ploy ment 1919_______________ 1920_________ ______ 1921_______________ 1922_______________ 1919 January____________ February. _ _______ March_____________ April---------------------M ay. _ _________ June_______________ July____ __________ August------------------September_________ October____________ November........ ......... December__________ 1920 January____________ February _______ March_____________ April_____ ______ _ May_______________ June______________ July_______________ August____________ September. _ ______ October____________ November_________ December__________ 1921 January________ _ February__________ M arch._ __ ______ April____ _______ M ay. -------------------June_______________ July----------------------August___ __ ___ September.. ______ October___________ November________ December______ ... 1922 January____________ February__________ M a rc h ..__________ April---------------------May_______________ June.. _________ .. July----------------------August_____ _____ September. __---------October... November. ................. December__________ Pay rolls Group index Cement Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Glass Em ploy ment 82.3 90.7 73.0 86.5 69.0 90.9 69.2 82.4 86.4 89.8 72.2 85.5 72.1 92.8 66.5 72.6 69.0 83.3 69.6 89.9 62.5 91.7 65.2 83.9 112.7 119.6 82.7 97.4 73.1 74.5 76.9 77.9 79.6 78.0 81.0 85.4 85.9 89.0 92.3 93.6 58.0 58.8 60.7 61.8 64.4 61.3 64.7 71.8 75.4 79.5 83.8 87.2 70.0 67.4 72.2 83.4 93.1 96.1 88.9 96.3 91.8 94.9 92.2 90.6 58.7 55.8 60.9 69.1 78.9 73.3 77.4 80.6 81.0 82.9 80.0 46.4 45.5 55.3 60.1 65.9 76.6 79.5 78.5 80.4 82.3 83.3 73.7 39.4 36.8 47.8 51.8 55.4 66.7 71.0 72.7 76.5 81.1 82.9 67.9 93.0 93.0 93.3 93.0 91.0 91.9 92.2 92.4 91.9 90.0 85.9 81.0 85.6 92.2 91.9 91.3 95.5 95.7 95.1 95.0 94.4 85.3 80.6 86.4 83.2 86.3 89.8 95.7 95.7 93.9 90.7 89.4 90.9 87.4 78.8 74.1 80.0 97.8 100.9 98.6 98.2 98.1 102.4 96.7 76.6 67.9 72.7 85.3 90.1 85.3 84.2 65.2 69.4 71.8 73.5 73.2 73.2 72.5 72.7 72.4 73.8 78.1 79.9 60.3 67.0 70.3 69.2 69.6 63.3 67.3 69.3 71.5 75.3 78.6 71.6 77.0 76.7 75.4 73.3 74.5 73.0 72.9 72.4 73.8 59.9 63.2 68.5 72.0 71.1 64.1 67.1 64.9 64.3 64.1 65.4 79.6 82.1 83.6 83.0 82.8 83. 7 84.3 87.6 91.6 95.1 98.3 73.0 77.8 81.0 79.4 79.7 80.1 76.5 80.5 82.0 86.4 94.0 97.8 74.9 82.3 90.6 91.3 90.8 91.5 92.0 92.2 93.2 92.2 57.6 53.3 57.8 63.2 73.2 76.7 78.4 79.3 81.2 81.3 83.9 84.9 86.0 88.0 Textiles and their products Stone, iclay, and glass products 66.1 88.0 68.2 67.1 Pay rolls 100. 8 128.5 Em Pay ploy rolls ment 78.7 84.7 98.8 99.0 92.6 97.3 89.8 107.7 89.3 91.4 113.8 114.8 116.9 115.8 116.9 83.6 109.7 107.7 118.9 119.9 106.2 104.0 106.8 103.4 94.9 73.7 90.4 102.9 104.7 108.2 114.1 91.3 85.5 92.0 95.5 98.7 103.4 103.5 105.0 106.5 106.8 109.0 72.9 64.3 69.5 74.7 79.8 96.9 104.9 102.4 103.9 117.9 74.7 63.3 64.0 91.3 102.4 99.3 98.6 97.6 103.4 106.8 96.2 113.8 113.8 119.9 115.8 117.8 118.9 118.9 114.8 115.8 123.8 132.9 128.9 108.3 106.3 118.6 115.8 130.2 128.6 127.0 128.0 132.7 143.8 156.2 146.6 108.7 104.8 96.8 94.7 94.4 91.0 81.3 72.6 122.7 121.5 128.0 124.5 121.4 119.0 106.9 105.1 93.0 78.8 69.3 70.8 48.5 61.1 76.6 76.6 72.7 75.6 62.0 73.7 74.7 72.7 69.8 73.0 46.6 59.5 74.3 73.2 68.4 58.5 67.9 63.8 61.4 106.7 89.6 91.6 79.5 82.5 75.6 67.5 71.5 69.5 73.6 87.7 96.7 110.5 82.1 85.6 80.1 81.1 73.8 54.1 66.7 67.9 80.6 93.4 70.9 83.7 89.0 92.3 93.3 93.9 94.5 95.8 64.6 72.0 79.5 92.6 96.4 96.6 98.8 99.3 98.9 99.3 93.0 50.2 54.4 63.0 73.3 84.8 91.8 95.4 101.5 101.3 99.2 98.2 100. 6 97.0 105.1 107.0 90.5 80.8 83.4 76.3 74.6 72.3 78.8 79.9 83.0 92.2 100.9 103.3 88.2 86.2 86.2 102.2 88.0 100.0 88.2 88.2 68.6 61.7 66.0 72.1 Group index 68.8 66.6 112.8 100.8 121.8 100. 100.662 100. 88.2 96.5 96.3 88.8 92.4 88.6 90.5 92.2 102.8 98.3 88.1 110. 6 109.7 112. 0 110.9 68.1 100.2 101. 1 98.7 98.2 93.8 92.5 91.8 92.0 94.5 98.1 88.6 101.6 102.2 65.9 81.8 90.3 92.0 90.5 91.8 91.8 95.0 97.8 92.0 88.5 94.1 90.4 95.4 91.5 83.9 83.3 84.9 90.9 94.7 94.6 98.5 88.1 100.86 102. 105.8 101.0 102 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries— yearly averages 1919 to 1922, and monthly indexes January 1919 to December 1922— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Textiles and their products—Continued Month and year 1919_______________ 1920_______________ 1921_______________ 1922________________ 1919 January____________ February__________ March_____________ April______________ M ay______________ June_______________ July----------------------August------------------September_________ October____________ November. _________ December__________ 1920 January................... February------ --------March. _ . ------------April____________ __ May------- --------------J u n e ..-----------------July_______________ August— -------------Septem ber..---------October.. . -----------November_________ December__________ 1921 January____________ February__________ March__. ------------April_____ _______ M ay________ ____ _ June_______________ July_______________ August_____________ September_________ October________ ... November_________ December__________ 1922 January____ ____ _ . February_______ __ March___________ . April______________ M ay_______________ June.. ____________ July____________ . August____________ September_________ October___________ November___ _ _ December__________ Fabrics and fin Cotton goods Dyeing ishing textiles Knit goods Silk and rayon goods Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls 95.2 94.6 89.9 95.4 85.9 103.1 84.6 87.1 97.4 97.7 93.1 93.8 96.4 122.7 89.0 86.6 85.4 80.8 78.2 83.8 75.6 88.5 76.6 77.6 92.8 96.7 87.4 104.4 77.2 98.6 81.4 94.1 101.9 104.5 97.8 95.2 82.9 97.3 87.1 79.2 88.3 79.6 82.5 87.4 93.8 98.3 94.3 90.1 90.3 90.8 97.9 99.5 105.7 72.2 56.7 60.8 69.9 80.6 92.0 95.8 97.4 97.2 96.4 96.8 114.9 100.5 98.7 104.7 86.9 69.7 70.9 76.9 92.0 105.5 107.9 107.2 107.9 104.8 99.6 127.0 84.2 73.4 73.6 77.1 82.1 88.0 90.0 88.7 89.6 90.0 93.0 95.5 64.2 51.3 53.5 59.2 67.5 81.8 85.4 83.8 83.8 84.8 87.0 104.4 86.4 80.7 81.2 82.1 86.3 92.2 96.6 98.8 97.6 101.9 103.1 106.7 63.4 55.4 55.9 57.1 65.3 76.3 83.5 88.9 88.3 93.0 94.4 104.4 94.8 92.2 94.5 102.2 104.8 101.8 104.8 106.3 100.1 102.7 107.5 76.8 70.1 73.8 82.1 86. O' 81.4 81. O' 85.7 80.1 85.0 93.0 100. 0> 106.8 105.2 106.6 106.1 105.0 102.2 92.9 90.1 88.8 85.1 76.8 69.0 117.9 113.6 118.3 118.9 118.5 119.3 104.7 102.4 100.8 84.0 73.6 65.5 104.3 102.5 103.9 102.4 100.5 101.7 102.9 100.1 97.2 93.5 84.8 78.7 129.6 124.6 128.1 127.5 127.9 142.4 142.7 141.9 134.6 103.4 91.0 78.1 93.9 90.9 89.5 84.5 83.3 84.2 83.3 82.1 76.8 69.6 67.0 64.9 102.4 91.2 93.9 92.3 89.8 106.1 101.9 97.9 85.1 68.8 62.5 70.4 107.7 106.8 110.3 107.4 102.9 100.5 92.8 81.5 69.5 58.1 109.3 105.2 116.3 120.9 117.6 116.6 105.2 101.2 94.0 77.3 63.6 55.9 112.5 112.9 111.1 113.7 114.1 110.8 104.9 101.2 97.2 96.0 93.0 86.3 102.7 108.1 107.9 109.2 106.4 94.9 94.7 90.691.0 81.1 80.4 65.4 78.9 83.6 88.0 91.3 92.8 92.9 94.1 97.0 98.3 98.6 98.3 57.8 72.9 79.0 84.8 88.9 91.1 88.3 88.2 91.8 88.9 88.8 94.9 76.8 91.7 90.5 90.0 91.9 92.6 93.7 95.4 97.6 99.0 99.3 99.2 71.0 89.9 87.6 87.5 90.3 91.9 90.7 88.9 93.2 87.4 90.0 99.3 61.9 69.8 74.6 75.2 78.9 80.3 79.6 81.2 83.3 84.7 85.4 83.7 57.3 68.5 75.2 76.7 78.2 81.1 79.1 79.0 82.9 79.9 75.7 85.9 54.0 67.6 77.2 83.3 87.6 90.3 87.3 91.1 96.6 102.3 105.6 105.3 47.6 82.3 61.3 86.2 70.1 92.5 76.6 96.6 81. 6 99.3 84.6 101.0 78.4 102.3 85.1 100.8 91.4 103.9 99.0 104.2 99.5 101.8 101.7 102.5 71.1 80.0 89. 2 92.7 94.8 94.8 91.1 87.7 88.9 89.0 79.8 85.0 98.0 97.3 91.2 89.2 89.8 90.0 90.0 92.3 96.1 99.6 104.2 107.3 89.1 88.5 80.8 78.3 80.9 81.6 82.1 84.2 88.9 89.9 99.2 97.2 92.1 73.2 72.6 76.5 77.2 79.6 83.2 90.1 90.1 102.0 110.7 83.7 78.0 80.8 71.9 73.4 75.2 79.4 80.8 89.8 94.3 97.5 80.9 69.3 73.2 65.8 66.7 68.7 72.5 71.4 81.9 86.8 94.8 99.6 104.5 108.2 108.8 108.0 105.3 104.7 99.0 102.2 100.4 102.5 104.1 105.1 92.6 99.0 100.3 96.1 95.6 94.9 86.0 89.7 87.3 92.8 96.8 97.8 82.6 83.9 81.2 71.5 70.0 70.4 74.4 77.0 78.1 84.1 87.2 89.4 101.1 101.6 100.5 101.6 102.1 102.1 101.1 101.1 100.0 101.1 98.0 83.2 83.7 85.9 85.9 87.1 90.2 95.0 98.8 105.8 110.4 100.8 111.6 111.6 Em Pay ploy rolls: ment 111.2 102.6 102.6 102.5 95.2 92.1 89.9 89.3 88.9 90.7 93.2 96.1 98.7 101.0 APPENDIX B .— ADJUSTMENT, 103 1919 TO 1922 Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries— yearly averages 1919 to 1922 , and monthly indexes January 1919 to December 1922— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Textiles and their products—Continued Month and year 1919_______________ 1920_______________ 1921_______________ 1922_______________ 1919 January.. -------------February__________ M arch.. _____ _ . April---------------------M ay----- -------------J u n e ..----------- -- July_______________ August------------------September_________ October____________ November. ---------December_________ 1920 January------------- --February---------------March-------------------April---------------------M ay_______________ June----------------------July_______________ August------------------September. ---------October____________ November--------------December--------------1921 January------------- .. February---------------M arch.. --------------April---------------------M ay_______ _____ J u n e---------------- - July_______________ August— ----September._______ _ October---- ------------November------ -------December---- ----------1922 January-----------------February__________ M arch.. -------------April______________ M ay_______________ June______ _____ July_______________ August____________ September_________ October____________ November--------------December ........... ....... Wearing apparel Clothing, men’s Clothing, women’s Millinery Shirts and collars Em ploy ment Fay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls 107.1 109.6 97.9 117.3 99.3 101.6 100.2 91.8 117.1 93.6 99.4 128.9 122.3 112.6 103.8 114.4 124.2 108.2 103.1 100.1 100.6 96.5 90.7 96.9 102.5 101.7 99.8 95.0 94.5 92.3 107.1 98.1 109.3 79.5 114.1 96.3 105.3 98.4 99.3 102.7 99.6 99.6 108.6 108.0 115. 5 117.8 117.7 116.8 74.7 79.6 86.8 84.4 78.7 82.4 99.8 110.4 120.8 114.7 118.4 124.3 79.9 84.3 85.0 86.8 88.9 93.6 100.1 99.8 105.3 109.4 115.3 109.4 60.7 63.3 65.8 70.8 74.6 82.9 92.8 98.8 113.2 113.6 129.3 135.5 128.0 123.2 126.4 129.6 115.4 110.7 132.7 132.7 140.6 142.3 131.1 134.3 95.1 103.3 117.7 106.3 86.2 86.5 121.8 140.5 145.7 129.5 117.5 99.8 102.5 108.3 104.5 105.4 97.9 87.6 84.7 98.8 88.5 89.4 95.9 83.5 90.5 99.0 89.4 84.0 79.9 80.5 90.6 97.0 86.5 87.5 95.2 85.9 87.3 87.1 90.0 89.7 88.0 86.7 94.9 99.9 104.8 106.5 61.5 62.2 65.2 66.2 70.9 72.2 73.4 75.1 92.1 97.8 106.7 110.8 119.4 120.1 124.6 122. 5 117.6 111.2 106.3 105.6 107.9 105.3 92.3 81.8 132.8 137.7 147.7 136.1 127.7 118.9 111.7 111.0 105.7 111.5 89.5 77.3 117.0 119.2 119.1 114.8 109.7 104.5 98.5 87.4 71.4 54.5 140.6 137.2 151.3 149.0 146.6 135.4 123.3 112.5 99.0 90.7 68.0 51.7 137.5 139.0 142.3 131.1 118.6 107.4 102.7 134.5 152.7 158.6 128.8 111.3 102.2 103.7 118.9 115.8 140.4 116.2 107.1 106.4 103.6 109.5 110.5 100.2 96.6 83.6 81.8 100.8 103.7 101.9 116.9 111.4 116.4 114.5 101.6 99.6 82.4 80.7 99.9 97.6 88.5 88.5 107.3 107.1 112.0 114.8 114.6 112.2 111.9 103.2 107.1 108.9 99.1 87.3 113.0 115.3 126.3 129.9 131.9 128.0 119.1 106.5 108.6 118.0 94.5 77.5 82.4 113.4 107.0 94.4 94.0 99.5 109.4 110.4 99.1 88.8 93.3 61.0 75.2 79.9 84.6 83.5 91.1 98.6 104.9 104.4 103.1 100.0 101.7 56.1 74.7 89.3 94.9 85.7 94.2 104.6 117.2 112.6 96.6 93.2 103.8 113.8 120.2 129.6 124.8 116.8 104.3 104.3 96.4 88.5 114.6 130.4 144.2 119.1 103.3 93.1 103.2 115.0 116.4 103.9 79.8 75.5 82.8 94.0 103.0 104.8 99.5 95.8 68.2 101. 5 106.5 109.3 77.8 95.9 106.7 106.2 107.3 95.4 83.5 71.4 92.6 100.3 105.2 113.4 103.5 100.3 81.4 81.7 98.5 111.2 107.8 106.3 101.6 99.1 96.6 101.1 106.9 105.7 90.0 118.5 123.1 115.2 104.1 91.3 91.3 99.6 106.9 107.9 99.9 97.3 78.7 106.4 94.8 124.3 107.6 95.3 131.9 115.4 109.1 105.7 118.6 113.7 92.7 106.8 93.5 82.6 93.0 85.8 93.1 86.9 78.2 107.0 92.1 86.9 112.6 99.0 98.0 115.0 100.6 95.9 101.0 96.0 89.8 92.7 98.5 92.5 100.0 102.6 101.2 84.5 95.6 102.3 103.3 99.1 97.5 99.2 100.8 108.8 109.0 100.3 99.2 100.2 93.9 109.5 110.1 111.6 113. 7 105.5 95.6 99.8 89.0 97.1 92.4 97.2 100.5 100.3 104.6 103. 2 106.8 103.4 104.2 100.3 97.5 102. 7 99.4 100.0 110.8 112.1 102.1 101.8 101.9 93.2 91.5 98.0 100.5 101.3 101.9 101.1 112.2 121.6 128.0 115.4 112.2 112.2 120.2 120.2 122.8 102.0 102.1 113.0 119.9 119.4 102.9 100.4 84.3 86.9 99.8 100.6 98.4 101.8 88.6 91.4 114.9 121.6 121.6 89.1 94.4 73.8 82.4 91.1 88.5 82.7 88.3 Em Pay ploy rolls ment 86.6 100.1 112.2 111.5 103.6 114.6 110.0 115.1 112.6 115.6 109.7 113.3 108.9 111. 2 108.2 107.6 101.5 104.5 100.6 103.4 98.4 103.4 100.2 104.6 100.9 106.7 109.3 104 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries— yearly averages 1919 to 1922 , and monthly indexes January 1919 to December 1922— Continued [3-year average 1923-25=100] Leather and its manufactures Month and year 1919________________ 1920_______________ 1921________________ 1922________________ 1919 January_______ ____ February__________ March_____________ April______________ M ay_______________ June_______________ July_______________ August___ ____ ____ September________ October_________ . November____ _ ... December__________ 1920 January____________ February__________ March_____________ April______________ M ay_______________ June_______________ Ju ly .,..____________ August... . ___ .. September_______ _ October_________ .. November_________ December--------------1921 January____________ February _________ March_____________ April______________ M ay______ ______ June.. ____________ July_______________ August... . . . September._. _ _ ... October__________ _ Noyember_________ December__________ 1922 January___ . __ .... February __________ March_________ ... April... .. . .. . _ . M ay________ ______ June_____.. ______ July_______________ August_____ . ._ September____ ._ October__________ _ November_________ December_____ ____ Group index Boots and shoes Food and kindred products Leather Group index Baking Em ploy ment Pay Em rolls ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls 108.1 98.5 86.6 97.3 99.9 106.5 86.5 96.1 100.0 92.3 88.7 97.7 133.2 119.3 92. 4 106.8 127.3 131.7 84.6 95.4 109.8 106.7 93.7 97.5 97.6 109.6 94.1 92.8 87.3 95.7 92.4 92.3 73.3 96.6 92.1 87.3 104.8 105.0 104.3 103.0 104.6 105.6 106.3 109.5 114.3 116.3 94.0 90.9 89.8 86.9 90.9 94.4 98.3 105.1 106.8 109.1 111.7 120.7 103. 3 104.6 107.1 109.3 90.5 85.5 83.1 79.5 83.0 86.5 89.9 95.2 98.2 100.0 103.5 121.9 124.4 125.4 129.2 133.1 131.9 138.9 141.8 141.8 143.4 144.4 107.9 106.6 110.7 103.0 113.8 101.9 113. 4 99.3 118.9 98.4 123.2 103.8 128.7 112.3 140.7 120.9 137. 7 127.2 141.5 122.1 141. 5 112.4 150.0 109.3 92.7 91.5 91.7 88.6 89.9 94.3 96.9 103.7 108.8 104.9 103.5 105.1 84.4 84.3 85.7 85.7 85.1 87.3 89.0 88.7 87.6 88.2 90.4 91.4 65.2 68.9 69.4 68.9 70.6 73.4 73.0 74.4 76.5 72.5 80.7 117.5 115.1 115.7 112.7 109.4 104.2 96.1 93.6 84.2 81. 2 77.1 74.9 123.8 117.4 123. 2 121.4 119. 0 119.4 110.6 107.2 92. 3 85.1 80.0 78.1 110.5 108.8 109.9 107.8 104.7 100.2 90.6 89.4 79.8 77.7 74.6 73.7 115.9 146.5 108. 7 141.5 115.8 140.0 115.2 134.4 112.3 130.2 113.4 123.2 103.7 120.5 100.9 114.1 87. 0 105.4 78.0 99.8 74.7 91.2 74.4 84.8 153.5 149.1 151.5 145.7 144. 6 142.9 137.5 132.0 113. 7 101. 7 92.3 98.3 92.4 104.3 94.8 97.9 94.1 109.1 94.4 115.1 96.4 117.2 100.0 100.9 122. 0 123.2 97.2 115.1 96.4 109.3 95.9 101.7 93.4 85.4 83.2 94.1 84.1 96.7 101.5 104.4 104.9 103.5 101.7 102.4 96.8 73.3 79.5 82.3 81.4 84. 6 87.8 89. 7 92.9 92.9 91. 5 90.5 92.5 71.7 85.5 84.8 81.2 82. 7 88.7 89.0 94.0 92.3 88.1 84.9 94.6 72.4 79.8 82.5 83.3 86.1 88.4 89.9 94.0 94.0 92.3 90.3 91.9 70.1 86.9 84.1 85.2 91.1 91.1 97.2 95.5 90.9 87.3 97.0 82.1 84.3 80.8 86.3 93.3 96.6 97.1 97.2 97.6 100.6 104.7 93.0 93.7 94.1 88.2 91.2 91.7 94.0 97.1 100.1 100.3 95.2 90.0 88.7 87.4 89.2 88.8 89.6 93.6 97.0 97.0 95.2 96.3 95.1 91.4 91. 0 92.3 93.4 84.6 92.3 94.2 96. 2 93.8 95.9 96.6 89.8 85.5 94.7 96.3 93.9 95.6 97.5 94.4 93.8 92.2 92.5 89.6 86.6 88.0 89.5 86. 2 88.0 91.2 89.5 89.7 95.0 92.6 93.6 99. 7 98.7 98.3 102.3 100.4 100.8 102.8 99.8 101.5 105. 3 103. 8 103.9 107.5 109.1 106.4 99.1 99.3 94. 4 88.0 87.2 90.1 94.2 106.5 94.3 109.0 98.2 105. 4 90. 6 101.9 86.9 100.2 87.3 101. 3 91.9 104.4 91.7 108.1 96.1 110.5 96.8 109.7 100.8 111.9 103.6 112.6 106.1 85.5 84.2 86.3 81.0 86.6 91.4 95.6 100.1 105.1 100.3 101.3 96.1 89.4 89.7 92.2 88.4 88.9 91. 7 97.8 94.5 92.8 93.8 95.2 92.7 81. 2 83.9 86.3 81.7 84.2 88.1 92.3 88.1 90.4 91.0 93.1 87.8 111.0 112.0 101.8 94.0 87.1 95.9 100.6 100.8 99.4 97.4 98.5 98.8 100.0 102.2 112.8 88.1 100.8 102.8 100.7 105.0 111.0 122.2 88.1 112.8 102.0 94.6 101.9 98.3 100.3 99.1 100.2 106.7 114.5 123.2 127.1 112.9 102.4 93.6 81.6 84.1 81.6 85.8 82.3 87.4 76.6 84.8 79.6 86.1 86.3 90.5 87.4 95.7 89. 7 102. 4 87.3 107.4 85.1 104.9 83.2 101.7 93.9 94.1 86.7 87.3 89.6 85.9 86.9 93.1 102.4 112.7 115.5 107.5 104.0 98.0 Em Pay ploy rolls ment , 86.1 105 APPENDIX B .— ADJUSTMENT, 1919 TO 1922 Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries— yearly averages 1919 to 1922, and monthly indexes January 1919 to December 1922— Continued [3-year average 1923-25 = 100] Tobacco manu factures Paper and printing Slaughtering Sugar refining, and meat cane packing Group index Group index Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy Pay ment rolls 107.3 124.6 104.5 99.1 96.0 103.4 88.0 92.2 73.1 99.1 82.5 85.9 Food and kindred products--Continued Month and year 1919_______________ 1920________________ 1921________________ 1922_______________ 1919 January______ _ ... February__________ March_______ _____ April______________ M ay. ___________ _ June_____________ . July_______________ August____________ September,. _______ October____________ November_________ December______ _ 1920 January____________ February__________ March______... __ April___________ _. M ay_______________ June___________ July_______________ August_______ ____ September., ______ October_____ ______ November.. ______ December__________ 1921 January______ ___ February__ _______ March_____________ April____ _______ M ay___________ ... Jun e... __________ July_______________ August_____________ September_________ October____________ November. __ ______ December._________ 1922 January____________ February _________ March_____________ April___________ ... M ay.. _ __________ June________ ... .. July_______________ August_____________ September.. ______ October______ _____ November____ _____ December.................... Flour Em ploy ment Pay rolls 135.0 121.7 105.3 106.9 124.0 130.1 104.6 98.2 111.8 127.2 94.4 91.7 128.3 124.6 93.5 87.1 123.8 117.0 105.5 122.6 116.2 132.2 99.3 110.4 113.4 111.3 108.3 105.8 134.2 129.0 118.5 127.1 127.9 125.6 131.0 141.6 150.8 150.4 142.6 141.2 125.2 105.3 103.7 113.9 114.3 114.1 113.3 134. 4 140.2 143.5 138.1 142.1 148. 2 135.4 128.8 119.1 119.6 124.3 124.8 123.4 121. 7 122.7 125.5 132.5 140.8 134.6 135.0 123. 4 124.1 128.8 126.3 123. 9 119.4 124.7 125.7 133.3 112.9 126.4 132.1 126.4 131.1 134.4 137.7 128.7 132.1 114.0 111. 7 98.3 96.0 114.3 115.1 105.2 120.2 128.0 132.9 117.8 138.9 106.8 119. 7 99.8 126.7 125.2 125.4 123.0 121.2 111. 7 98.1 88.3 97.8 103.8 120. 3 119.8 105.0 109.5 102.5 107.4 97.2 89.8 84.7 102.0 106.1 134.5 138.4 95.3 94.6 94.7 93.5 92.0 94.2 95.5 96.4 97.2 97.4 99.4 102.3 69.1 68.4 68.9 68.4 67.4 71.9 73.5 76.3 80.5 69.6 73.0 90.7 135.9 123.4 122.3 116.2 111.2 119.9 121.8 125.5 127.2 126.1 113.8 117.5 143.5 118.7 125.4 116.4 126.2 130.9 128.2 133.5 138.4 141.8 127. 6 131.1 125.5 119.9 116.3 113.1 112.5 113.8 111.4 107.4 105.4 104.9 107.0 104.7 132.9 129.7 127.3 118.3 131.4 134.5 128.6 121.2 118.5 119.6 118.4 114.3 111.7 123.1 125.3 125.3 128.7 131.1 134.4 135. 5 112.9 100.4 91. 4 83.6 124.0 133.6 137.5 148.3 152. 2 153.4 157.4 158. 6 127.7 102.0 98. 4 92.8 116.1 110.3 112. 4 112.9 108.9 109.5 106.6 106.3 111.5 110.9 114.8 115.1 126.8 103.6 115.5 102.1 129.2 103.7 126.5 103.1 128.9 102. 9 130.0 102.7 118.3 104.4 117.3 104.4 123. 7 104.7 125.1 104.9 128.5 103.7 125.1 100.5 93.1 91.9 97.5 95.5 99.1 99.7 99.8 102.3 103.0 105.3 103.6 98.2 108.3 108.3 106. 5 104.7 95.0 92.4 104.0 106. 5 111.7 112.6 109.1 104.0 121.5 119.7 113.5 110.5 93.4 89.2 95.7 103.7 108.4 104. 4 97.7 96.9 97.9 97.2 94.0 90.1 96.5 93.3 96.0 91.6 90.0 94.8 100.0 91.2 108.2 100.9 97.7 92. 2 96.8 90.5 93.1 86.9 84.6 90.6 95.0 85.0 104.7 123.7 116.1 103. 4 104.0 104.0 110.1 97.7 97. 7 105.7 109.8 87.7 108.1 131.2 119.4 102.1 105.6 101.1 107.8 87.5 83.0 81. 6 76.7 107.6 103.5 100.0 106.3 108.6 110.6 107.1 107.6 112.0 113.6 111.9 108.3 100.9 100.9 102. 5 110.5 112.5 104.9 104.6 108.5 104.0 95.8 100.4 95. 4 94.1 87.7 82.1 82.5 83.0 84.4 85.8 87.6 89.8 90.3 104.7 104.0 107.4 101.3 96.3 94.0 94.6 89.4 95.4 85.6 89. 2 84.2 92.8 87.2 95.6 89.8 88.3 91.6 94.0 89.4 98.8 91.1 110.6 94.2 114.1 99.7 108.7 104.1 88.7 77.6 74.4 71.6 83.3 88.0 90.0 86.2 91.0 92.0 99.5 103.3 118.8 130.0 136.9 132.3 128.9 133.5 133. 5 132.3 123.3 99.6 102.9 99.6 100.7 113.5 121.1 117.1 113.6 121. 2 119. 2 117.7 112.0 91. 2 99.7 97.8 97.1 87.3 85.8 103.9 92.5 98.2 80.6 101.7 93.5 102.8 98.9 108.4 104.4 107.8 104.1 110.9 107.8 112.4 107.8 112.0 113. 7 112.3 113.1 92.2 91.7 90.5 88.0 90.2 89.7 90.2 92.1 93.5 94.7 95. 5 97. 5 102.2 102.2 101.3 106.9 112.6 112.7 115. 3 112.0 88.8 110.8 102.0 110.0 92.8 92.3 87.4 82.4 75.7 77.6 77.9 78.9 80.0 81. 5 82.6 85.1 88.2 83.0 80.4 84.1 82.2 84.1 84.3 83.5 85.3 88.3 89.9 91.3 93.8 106 REVISED INDEXES— EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS Indexes of employment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries— yearly averages 1919 to 1922 , and monthly indexes January 1919 to December 1922— Continued [3-year average 1923-25 = 100] Paper and printing—Continued Month and year 1919______________________________________________ 1920______________________________________________ 1921______________________________________________ 1922______________________________________________ 1919 January____ _ _ _________ ________ ___ February ._ ___ __ __________ _ _ _ __ _ ___ March.. ________ ._ _ ____... _ _ _ __ ... ... April________ ____ ._ . . . ___. . . . _________ ... May_____ ... _ __ . ________ _____ _ ___ ... J u n e ..___________ __________ __________ ______ July______________________________________________ A u gu st____ _ . _____ _____ .. . .. ._ __________ _ September.. _________ __________ _____ _________ October____ _. _ ____ _ . ... ... ... __ .. . _ November_________ ... __ _ __ __ _______________ December.._____ .. . . _ ___________ ... . .. .. _ 1920 January__________ ... .. . ------------ _ ------ .. February._ __________ ____ ______ ________ .. . ._ M a rc h ..________ ___________ __________ ._ .. April_________________________ _________________ M ay. _______ ____ ... . ... ____________... . June.. ._ ... _. . . . ___________. . . ________ July______________________________________________ A ugust______ _. _________________________ September____ _ ._ ------- ----------- ------------- -----October_________ __ _ ... _ . . . . . . ____ _ _. . November___ ____ ___ __ _____ .. December___________________ ______ ____________ 1921 January_____ _________ _ ______ ______ _____ February__ _ __________ ______ . . . . M arch.._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____ _____ ____ April___ _ _ __ _ __ _ ________ _ . ___ May. -. _________ _ ______ ____ _____________ June___ .. _____ ___ ___________ July______________________________________________ August___ _________ _________ .. _ ... September______ _______ _____ .. . ____ _ . _ _. October______ _ ___. . . . _____ ______ ___... November._ ._ . __ _. __ ______ ______ ____ _ December____________________________ _________ 1922 January___________ ___ ____ _ ----------- — ____ . February_____ _______ ____ ____ March__________ _ _ ___ __ __ _____ __ ________ April__________ _ __________ _ _____ _______ M a y .-------------- ------------------- ----------------June. ___________ . . . _______ ____________ ... July______________________________________________ August ... . . . . _____ ________ _ _____ ... _. September_________________ _ __________________ October________ ._. . __ ... ._ _________ ____ November.._ . ------------------ ---------- ---------------December________ ._ ___________________________ Boxes,, paper Paper and pulp Employ ment Pay rolls Employ ment 97.8 103.8 81.5 87.1 77.9 97.5 72.3 80.7 94.0 108.6 87.1 90.7 125.0 84.1 83.4 77.5 71.7 73.0 70.1 71.6 73.2 73.1 78.4 79.3 80.8 90.7 95.5 93.3 90.7 91. 4 88.5 82.4 90.4 93.2 94.7 98.8 99.7 102.0 103.0 85.6 81.6 79.0 75.6 69.2 83.7 86.4 91.4 95.5 101.6 101.4 106.1 103.2 99.5 102.5 101.9 101.3 108.0 109.4 112.0 108.2 102.4 95.6 92.9 96.0 96.9 96.8 99.4 102.1 102.7 107.6 102.5 97.3 103.9 102.7 107.5 107.5 108.8 109.5 111.6 112.3 112.1 112.3 109.8 105.2 107.5 106.5 114.8 114.8 129.2 132.0 130.9 139.4 136.7 137.7 132.1 118.4 86.5 87.0 86.7 85.4 78.8 71.0 71.5 77.4 80.2 80.9 86.6 86.4 76.4 79.4 77.1 72.2 65.2 62.5 63.3 69.0 71.0 72.6 79.0 80.3 81.7 81.8 83.0 80.6 81.9 82.0 85.6 89.3 91.6 94.5 96.7 96.9 73.8 69.7 74.9 74.2 76.5 77.9 80.0 81.3 86.2 89.7 90.7 93.2 101.8 100.2 97.4 94.8 95.2 93.5 94.3 95.9 91. 1 99.9 103.4 106.0 102.1 88.1 88.2 100.2 97.9 95.5 87.9 78.7 77.7 80.1 81.7 83.1 84.6 89.1 89.0 88.2 89.8 88.8 86.0 88.3 89.4 91.1 90.6 91.4 94.6 94.5 95.6 Pay rolls 88.1 105.2 102.3 96.3 87.6 71.4 73.6 74.8 78.2 75.4 77.9 82.7 83.2 80.9 82.4 80.2 75.6 79.8 80.9 80.7 83.5 84.7 89.9 90.9 91.5
@FedFRASER