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Mi|êii? t!ð**i_ @?_ ý?t!ð**i_ *@MLhë îLý?_ @?_ aLü?tL? d•bb2o @hhðñi @| @ ñ@*ýi Lu j ' •é.D ýtð?} _ðt@}}hi}@|i_ _@|@ë 5ýMt|ð|ý|ð?} @?)|üð?} *ð!i |üi it|ð4@|i_ ñ@*ýit Lu ø÷r ý ø÷ü uhL4 A@M*i WVc |L}i|üih ÷r ý ù ÷ ü EM@ti_ L? îw5 @}}hi}@|i 4@?ýu@U|ýhð?} i4T*L)4i?| êð|ü üðt|LhðU@* ñ@*ýit uLh ù Lu ThL_ýU|ðL? @?_ ?L?õThL_ýU|ðL? êLh!ihtä @?_ j ' •é.Dc *i@_t |L ð4T*ði_ hi*@|ðñi ê@}i }hLê|ü ð? i Uitt Lu •D TihUi?| @??ý@**)ë ,ñi? ýtð?} j ' •é2D êLý*_ ð4T*) . TihUi?| @??ý@* }hLê|üc êüðUü ðt týMt|@?|ð@**) *@h}ih |ü@? @?)|üð?} tý}}it|i_ M) |üi t|ý_ðit Uð|i_ ð? |üi ð?|hL_ýU|ðL?ë Aüi L?ti| Lu t!ð**õhi*@|i_ ThL_ýU|ðñð|) }hLê|ü ð? |üi i@h*) •b.ft uLý?_ ð? |üðt T@Tih @*tL ThiUi_it |üi }hLê|ü ð? |üi t!ð** Thi4ðý4 M) @| *i@t| €ñi )i@htc |üLý}ü ð| _Lit ULð?U_i êð|ü Bhii?êLL_ @?_ vLhý!L}*ý<t d•bbSo |ð4ð?} Lu |üi Rê@|ihtüi_â Lu •b.e |ü@| |üi) @h}ýi ð?ð|ð@|i_ ML|ü |üi hðti ð? ð?UL4i ð?i^ý@*ð|) @?_ |üi t*Lê_Lê? Lu @}}hi}@|i ThL_ýU|ðñð|)ë Aüi _iU*ð?i ð? |üi t!ð** Thi4ðý4 _ýhð?} |üi •b.ft ðt @||hðMý|@M*i |L |üi *@h}i ð?Uhi@ti ð? |üi hi*@|ðñi týTT*) Lu t!ð**i_ Eðëië UL**i}iõi_ýU@|i_ä êLh!iht @| |ü@| |ð4ië W?_ii_c tL4i @ý|üLht Eië}ë úý|Lhc k@|3c @?_ khiý}ih d•bb.oä ü@ñi @h}ýi_ |ü@| |üi ð?Uhi@ti ð? |üi _i4@?_ uLh t!ð**i_ *@MLh 4@) ü@ñi Mi}ý? ð? |üi i@h*) •b.ftc Mý| ê@t 4@t!i_ M) |üi týTT*) ð?Uhi@tië Bhii?êLL_ @?_ vLhý!L}*ý<t t|Lh) ðt |ü@| @? @UUi*ih@|ðL? Lu |iUü?ðU@* ThL}hitt ð? ð?uLh4@|ðL? |iUü?L*L}) E4@?ðuit|ð?} ð|ti*u ð? *Lêih i^ýðT4i?| ThðUitä *i@_ |L ð?Uhi@ti_ _i4@?_ uLh t!ð**i_ *@MLhë Aüi) tý}}it| |ü@| |üi ?iê |iUü?L*L}) hi^ýðhit ð?ñit|4i?| ð? *i@h?ð?}Q@ |@t! TihuLh4i_ L?*) M) t!ð**i_ êLh!ihtõêüðUü U@ýtit 4i@týhi_ ThL_ýU|ðñð|) |L u@** ð?ð|ð@**)ë `üð*i 4Lhi êLh! ðt ?ii_i_c ð| ðt TLttðM*i |ü@| |üi ?i}@|ðñi @ttLUð@|ðL? Lu ?iê i^ýðT4i?| @?_ ThL_ýU|ðñð|) _ýhð?} |üðt |ð4i TihðL_ hiãiU|t týUü *i@h?ð?}ë ïýh €?_ð?}t êLý*_ |üi? tý}}it| |ü@| ð?_ýt|hðit êð|ü *@h}ih tü@hit Lu t!ð**i_ *@MLh U@? 4Lhi hi@_ð*) @MtLhM |üi |iUü?L*L}) i4ML_ði_ ð? ?iê i^ýðT4i?| @?_ |h@?t*@|i ð| ð?|L üð}üih ThL_ýU|ðñð|)ë 22 WDEOH L Xqlyduldwh Uhjuhvvlrq Uhvxowv zlwk PS Gdwdvhw üoqDú \hdu \hdu üoqDv 93 03134:5 0313398 :9 +3136<4, +313375, üoqDv üoqDú 031363; 31363; +313655, +31336<, 94 313<93 0313398 +3135:7, +313365, :: 314;6: 31334< +3135<;, +313369, 95 0313399 3135;5 +313539, +313358, :; 3143:9 0313344 +313643, +31336<, 96 313;3< 3134;3 +313636, +31336:, :< 3158;8 0313549 +313648, +313373, 97 0313659 3134<8 +313483, +31334:, ;3 31758: 0313868 +313755, +31338;, 98 03134<4 313598 +3134<4, +313354, ;4 314554 0313463 +313688, +313384, 99 313;8; 03133:: +31348:, +31334<, ;5 313343 03133<4 +31365<, +313383, 9: 3139:8 03133:6 +313593, +313365, ;6 031366: 313586 +31369<, +31338;, 9; 0313847 313564 +31357;, +313364, ;7 0313774 3135<8 +3136:3, +31338;, 9< 313:99 0313398 +3134::, +313355, ;8 31355; 3133;8 +31364:, +313384, :3 0313;:: 0313497 +313588, +313365, ;9 3136<6 0313377 +313595, +313377, :4 031589; 313778 +3135:<, +313366, ;: 313638 313675 +313588, +313375, :5 3145:; 31336: +3136<:, +31337:, ;; 0314447 31348: +313566, +31336<, :6 0313454 31364< +31366;, +31336<, ;< 0313:7: 31338< +3134;7, +313364, :7 315674 0313639 +31378;, +313386, ;3 0313499 031334; +313558, +31336;, :8 314;4; 03138<9 +313799, +31338:, <4 313864 03134:6 +313569, +31336<, Qrwh= Vwdqgdug huuruv duh lq sduhqwkhvhv1 Wkh ghshqghqw yduldeoh lv jurvv rxwsxw~edvhg WIS jurzwk1 Wkh vdpsoh vl}h iru hdfk |hdu lv 77<1 56 TABLE II Regression Results, Merged CPS{MP Data 16 years Year ¢lnAs ¢lnA¤ 79 0.601 -0.037 (0.210) (0.017) Skill 14 years ¢lnAs ¢lnA¤ 0.434 -0.047 (0.150) (0.020) De¯nition 12 years Non{prod. labor s ¤ ¢lnA ¢lnA ¢lnAs ¢lnA¤ 0.135 -0.046 0.388 -0.062 (0.106) (0.042) (0.142) (0.026) 80 0.817 (0.226) -0.097 (0.019) 0.576 -0.107 (0.160) (0.022) 0.141 (0.111) -0.087 (0.045) 0.704 (0.139) -0.164 (0.027) 81 0.173 (0.202) -0.014 (0.018) 0.059 -0.008 (0.144) (0.021) -0.132 (0.107) 0.053 (0.043) 0.092 (0.137) -0.018 (0.027) 82 -0.090 (0.187) -0.011 (0.019) -0.163 0.005 (0.139) (0.022) -0.365 (0.112) 0.130 (0.047) -0.171 (0.139) 0.016 (0.030) 83 0.303 (0.182) 0.000 (0.020) 0.248 -0.009 (0.142) (0.023) 0.042 (0.119) 0.012 (0.050) -0.121 (0.134) 0.054 (0.029) 84 0.069 (0.165) 0.040 (0.019) 0.054 0.038 (0.131) (0.022) -0.073 (0.116) 0.078 (0.050) -0.077 (0.130) 0.063 (0.028) 85 0.168 (0.158) -0.013 (0.020) 0.130 -0.016 (0.127) (0.023) 0.087 (0.120) -0.031 (0.052) 0.182 (0.127) -0.032 (0.028) 86 0.053 (0.163) -0.004 (0.020) 0.006 0.000 (0.125) (0.024) -0.081 (0.125) 0.037 (0.055) 0.025 (0.126) -0.004 (0.028) 87 -0.020 (0.159) 0.076 (0.020) -0.038 0.080 (0.126) (0.024) -0.208 (0.120) 0.164 (0.053) -0.114 (0.122) 0.098 (0.027) 88 0.066 (0.155) 0.013 (0.019) 0.056 0.011 (0.126) (0.023) 0.108 (0.118) -0.026 (0.052) -0.172 (0.119) 0.058 (0.027) 89 0.038 (0.152) -0.010 (0.020) 0.026 -0.010 (0.121) (0.024) -0.001 (0.118) -0.005 (0.053) -0.131 (0.118) 0.023 (0.027) 90 0.270 (0.137) -0.036 (0.019) 0.192 -0.038 (0.110) (0.023) 0.083 (0.116) -0.039 (0.053) 0.244 (0.120) -0.055 (0.028) 91 0.341 (0.150) -0.058 (0.021) 0.285 -0.070 (0.129) (0.026) 0.155 (0.126) -0.084 (0.057) 0.155 (0.127) -0.049 (0.029) R2 = 0:182 R2 = 0:181 R2 = 0:169 R2 = 0:193 Note: Standard errors are in parentheses. The dependent variable is value added{based TFP growth. The sample size is 858 (66 observations for 13 years). 24 WDEOH LLL Vdpsoh Vwdwlvwlfv rq Phdvxuhv ri Vnloohg Oderu Vkduh dqg WIS Jurzwk Vdpsoh Phdq Fruu1 zlwk ò+49, Fruu1 zlwk WIS jurzwk ò+49, ò+47, ò+45, ò+Q S , WIS jurzwk+(, 3143: 41333 3156; 31499 31<;7 314<; 3174< 31859 031366 31534 31;9< 31394 41:9< 3156; 41333 ò+q, @ vnloohg zrunhu vkduh edvhg rq q |uv1 ri vfkrrolqj/ ru rq qrq~surgxfwlrq zrunhuv1 Vwdwlvwlfv duh hpsor|phqw~zhljkwhg1 58 WDEOH LY Uhjuhvvlrq Uhvxowv/ Hperglhg Fdslwdo Lpsuryhphqw üoqW I Slw @ üoqDúw . òvl>wý4 üoqDvw . òxl>wý4 üoqDxw . ònl>wý4 +Ll>wý4 @Nl>wý4 ,+]wý4 @Dhwý4 ý 4, \hdu üoqDú üoqDv üoqDx ]wý4 Dhwý4 ý4 \hdu üoqDú üoqDv üoqDx ]wý4 Dhwý4 ý4 93 313464 313588 0314336 +3133:;, +3138;:, +313689, 031643< +31836<, :9 313:89 0313383 031536; +3133;8, +31364;, +31366;, 031:496 +3165<5, 94 031343: 314338 31368< +31339<, +313658, +3135:4, 0314<56 +316:8:, :: 313473 314;9; 0313989 +3133<3, +313647, +31366;, 0313739 +3169:9, 95 313768 313665 03138:8 +313385, +31359;, +31354<, 03196<: +31636:, :; 313646 314549 031478: +31343:, +313654, +3136:<, 0317686 +31697<, 96 313679 314794 03135:9 +3133;3, +3136;4, +31365:, 0415978 +317:6:, :< 3137:3 3166<6 03156;< +313444, +313696, +3136<8, 04198:8 +316958, 97 313496 0313839 031337: +313375, +3134;:, +31349:, 316<3< +31555;, ;3 313679 31936< 0315;75 +313486, +3138:;, +313877, 0519<85 +318794, 98 3135:6 0313564 0313586 +313387, +313539, +313533, 3159;: +315989, ;4 313759 315493 031573< +313457, +313868, +3137:3, 0414693 +317753, 99 0313397 313;9; 0313336 +313378, +31348<, +3134:5, 0313:6: +314:83, ;5 313596 313586 03149:: +313464, +313843, +313789, 031758: +317;96, 9: 0313683 31365< 313;35 +3133::, +3135;7, +3135<3, 31:8;3 +315:8<, ;6 314676 315466 0317;49 +31346;, +313:39, +313865, 051;7:; +319467, 9; 3139<9 31348; 0314;94 +31339:, +3135;:, +3135:<, 031<7<3 +31584;, ;7 313:3< 031386: 0315595 +313466, +313:;5, +313898, 031444: +319;67, 9< 31337< 313:68 0313:58 +31337:, +313544, +3134<<, 31455< +314<8<, ;8 314553 316<79 0317599 +313484, +313:69, +31388:, 061<766 +3197;<, :3 0313567 031453; 03135;: +3133:4, +3135::, +3135;<, 31;755 +315988, ;9 3135<: 313785 0314:47 +313447, +313797, +313754, 03157;6 +3173:5, :4 313:36 0315798 03148<7 +31339<, +3135;;, +3135<9, 313;:6 +3158;4, ;: 3139<; 313395 0314<8: +313449, +313764, +313735, 313556 +317<<:, :5 03135<4 313957 0313457 +3133<;, +3136;;, +31374;, 51<4<9 +316;78, ;; 31368: 0313666 031343; +3133<6, +3135;9, +31367;, 041696; +316569, :6 3139:5 313394 031386; +3133;<, +31364;, +313675, 0418;;7 +31636:, ;< 313636 031367; 0313;6; +3133:9, +313564, +3135<;, 031;3;6 +3156;;, :7 313646 315::< 03157:3 +313448, +313773, +313789, 04149;3 +316<54, <3 313748 313835 03143;; +3133<5, +313585, +313684, 0418934 +315845, :8 0313539 314<;6 0314;54 +313463, +3137:3, +3137<4, 0316<;7 +317585, <4 3138:4 314783 0314;4: +3133<9, +313585, +313689, 051:634 +315:;;, Qrwh= Vwdqgdug huuruv duh lq sduhqwkhvhv1 Wkh ghshqghqw yduldeoh lv jurvv rxwsxw~edvhg WIS jurzwk1 Wkh vdpsoh vl}h iru hdfk |hdu lv 77<1 59 WDEOH Y Furvv~Vhfwlrq Uhvxowv p ap W Ia Sl @ Daú . ò ç vl Dav . ò ç xl Dax . ò ç hl Dah . ò ç lw D 4<8<~:6 ROV av D Daú 3133:< 3134<: +313349, +31349<, ZOV 313464 031346: +31333<, +3133::, ZOV 31353< 0313433 +31334:, +3133:8, Dax Dah ap D U5 313363 317986 0313777 +3133;4, 317<<5 ZOV 3134<8 0313478 +htxls1, +313353, +3133;8, 031377; 313493 +3133;4, +313468, 31833: ZOV +wrwdo, 313498 0313535 +313354, +3133;4, 0313766 31357< +3133;3, +3133:<, 318433 ZOV 314349 0313<:< +htxls1, +31334:, +3134<5, 0314567 0314476 +3134;5, +313635, 0313;89 +3134:;, 318587 ap D U5 31335; 4<:7~<4 ROV av Daú D 31336: 0313498 +313349, +31347;, ZOV 0313363 3139<3 +31335<, +3134<8, ZOV 313599 3138<3 +313385, +3134;:, Dax Dah 31389: 0314977 +31357;, 314746 ZOV 313794 313;<: +htxls1, +3133:3, +3134<;, 0314:;4 0314799 +313579, +31368;, 314:59 ZOV +wrwdo, 3137<; 313<59 +3133:5, +3133;4, 0314<46 031434: +313583, +313557, 314:<6 ZOV 0313879 314<9< +htxls1, +31385;, +3138<8, 0313;:5 31337: +313868, +313;9;, 314376 +313879, 314:<6 Qrwh= _htxls1% ru _wrwdo% lqglfdwhv zkhwkhu fdslwdo*v vkduh lqfoxghv mxvw htxlsphqw ru htxlsphqw soxv vwuxfwxuhv1 Vwdqgdug huuruv duh lq sduhqwkhvhv1 Wkh ghshqghqw yduldeoh lv dyhudjh WIS jurzwk ryhu wkh lqglfdwhg wlph shulrg1 Wkh vdpsoh vl}h iru hdfk uhjuhvvlrq lv 77<1 5: úTTi?_ð •G çL?t|hýU|ð?} V@*ýi ú__i_ A6è W? @}}hi}@|ð?} |L |üi çè5 ð?_ýt|h) U*@ttð€U@|ðL?c ð| ðt ?iUitt@h) |L ýti A6è M@ti_ L? ñ@*ýi @__i_ h@|üih |ü@? 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M) 5!ð** @?_ |üi +ðti ð? W?i^ý@*ð|)c OLLñih W?t|ð|ý|ðL? `Lh!ð?} è@Tih ,õbDõ. Eaý?i •bbDäë khýti**c èihc wë ïü@?ð@?c Vë +ðLtõ+ý**c @?_ Bë VðL*@?|ic Rç@Tð|@*õ5!ð** çL4T*i4i?|@hð|) @?_ W?i^ý@*ð|)câ 4@?ýtUhðT|c •bbSë •ýhTü)c kiñð?c @?_ 6ë `i*Uüc RAüi 5|hýU|ýhi Lu `@}itcâ "ý@h|ih*) aLýh?@* Lu ,UL?L4ðUt çVWW E6iMhý@h) •bb2äc 2HDõô2Së ô2 Figure I Average Gross Output Factor Shares, 1959-1991* 0.20 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.08 60 65 70 75 80 Production Worker Share Equipment Share ----- Non-Production Worker Share 1------- *The averages are computed annually across 449 industries in the MP data set for each factor share. 85 90 Figure II Contribution of Skilled Labor-Augmenting Technical Progress to TFP (based on Table I estimates) 0.3 / 0.2 I ,,,-----... ' I I I / I ," ,--' 0.1 0.0 ... __ ..,,, -0.1 60 65 70 log As contribution* 75 80 85 90 log TFP total year effect** *logA s multiplied by average skilled labor’s share s **logA contribution plus logA* Both series are normalized to zero in 1959 Figure III Employment-Weighted TFP Growth versus Skill Share (Selected Years) 1977 1978 .365 3573 3573 0 2711 0 2711 0 0 0 TFP Growth 0 0 -.525 1979 1980 .365 3573 0 3573 0 2711 O fl 0 d' 0 0 CPo 0 2711 s· 0 0 0 0 0 0 .o -.525 0 .365 0 Non-Prod. Worker Share .365