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Productivity Trends in SELECTED INDUSTRIES Indexes Through 1950 Bulletin No. 1046 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Maurice J. Tobin — Secretary BUREAU Ewan Clague OF LABOR STATISTICS Commissioner Productivity Trends in SELECTED INDUSTRIES Indexes Through 1950 Bulletin No. 1046 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Maurice J. Tobir* - Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague - Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 45 cents LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D. C., October 29, 1951. The Secretary of Labor: I have the honor to transmit a report on productivity trends in selected industries vith indexes through 1950. The publication summarizes the statistics regularly presented in individual reports by the Branch of General Productivity Measurements of the Bureau’s Division of Productivity and Technological Developments. The individual industry reports contain analyses of the factors causing changes in output per man-hour and unit man-hour requirements as veil as more detailed statistics and information on the methods used in computing these indexes. In addition to these indexes, the Division of Productivity and Technological Developments prepares reports on factory performance and on trends in man hours per unit of output for selected manufacturing industries, based on material gathered directly from manufacturers. This report was assembled by Mary L. Kelly under the general direction of Enzo A. Puglisi. Evan Clague, Commissioner. Hon. Maurice J. Tobin, Secretary of Labor. - it - T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S INTRODUCTION 1 I N D E X E S OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, M A N HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, A N D U N I T LABOR R E Q U I R E M E N T S 3 TECHNICAL NOTES 1*9 I n d e x Ta b l e s and T e c h n i c a l Not e s b y I n d u s t r y T«bl« I* T.ohnio&l Not* MANUFACTURING 1. Beet Sugar Industry .......... ....... ..... ....... a* Best Sugar Produced ..................... ♦......♦ b. Sugar Bests Sliced ............... ......... . 3 3 3 50 50 U Canning and Preserving Industries Group •••••••••••••*•• 4 50 3. Ceaisnt Industry ........... .......... ........ 4 51 4. Olay Construotion Products Industries Group ••••••••«*•« a* Brick and Hollow Structural Tils Industry •••»*•«# b* Clay Sewer Pipe and Kindred Products Industry •••• 5 5 6 52 52 52 Coke Industries Group a* Byproduct Coke Ovens Industry »••«••»•*•••»•••••»• b. Beehive Coke Ovens Industry •»••••••••••••*••«»••• 7 7 53 53 53 6. Condensed and Evaporated Milk Industry 8 5* 7. Confectionery Industry ............................... . 8 56 w 8. Flour and Other Grain-Mi 11 Products Industry *•*«*•••••« 3 57 3 58 5. 6 50 3. Glass Containers Industry .................. .......... 10. Hosiery Industries Group • a. Full-Fashioned Hosiery Industry •«•»•••»•••<>•••••• b* Seamless Hosiery Industry «,«•••*••••••••••••••••• 10 10 11 53 53 53 li. lee Cream Industry •«••••••••»••»•••••••••••••••••«••••• 11 60 12. Malt Liquors Industry «•••••••••••••••**•......... . 12 62 13. Paper and Pulp Industry 12 63 1**. Primary Smelting and Refining of Nonferrous Metals Group (Copper, Lead and Zinc) 13 64 15. Rayon and Other Synthetic Fibers Industry 13 65 16. 14 14 65 65 15 65 Tobacco Products Industries Group •«••••••••*•••«••••»»• a. Cigars Industry b. Cigarettes Industry, and Chewing and Stocking Tobacco and Shuff Industry Tabl* IX. MINING X. The Mining In d u stries Group ................................ 67 Anthracite Industry 18 <9 3. Bituminous Coal and L im it s In d u stries • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 19 70 U. Copper Ores Mining Industry ............... a . Based on Ore Mined b . Based on Mine Production o f Recoverable Metal . . 20 73 73 73 Iron Ores Mining Industry ........... a . Based on Crude Ore Mined • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • « • • « • • • • b. Based on Usable Ore Produced ..................... . . . . . . . . 22 Lead and Zinc Ores Mining I n d u s t r ie s ......... .. a . Based on Ore Mined b . Based on Mine Production o f Recoverable Metal • • 2** 25 75 75 75 PUBLIC UTILITIES 1. E le c tr ic Light and Power Industry • • • • • • • • • • • • • • * • • • • • 26 76 6. 2. IT . 16 2. 5. III. Technical Note Line-Haul Operating R ailroad s Industry • • ......... • • ............ a . A ll Hourly B a sis Employees ( 1 ) Based on Revenue T r a f fl o (Freight end P a s s e n g e r) ................................................ ( 2) Based on Car-Miles (Freigh t and Passenger) •« b. Road F reigh t Employees ( 1) Based on Revenue Ton-Miles o f F r e i g h t ........... .. ( 2) Based on F re i^ it-T ra in Car-Miles ....................... 0. Road Passenger Employees ( 1) Based on Revenue Passenger M iles ............... .. ( 2) Based on Passenger-Train Car-M iles • • • • • • • • • • 21 23 74 7k 7k 78 28 29 78 78 30 31 78 78 32 33 78 78 3. Telegraph Industry .............................................. .. 34 79 k. Telephone Industry ....................... .. 35 79 36 81 38 39 40 >(1 42 43 44 “5 46 *7 48 81 81 61 81 81 81 81 61 81 81 81 AGRICULTURE 1. United S ta te s as a Whole , 2. A griculture by Areas a . Com Area b. Eastern D airy Area < 0. Western D airy Area < d« Eastern Cotton Area e . D elta Cotton Area .< f . Western Cotton Area g. S h a ll Grain Area h. Middle Eastern Area 1 . Range Area J . Northwestern Area ., k. C a lifo rn ia - iv I N T R O D U C T I O N B e t w e e n 19^9 a n d 1950 output p e r m a n - h o u r rose in 27 of 29 m a n u f a c t u r i n g and n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g industries f o r w h i c h statistics are curr e n t l y available. Output per m a n - h o u r was the h i g h e s t on r e c o r d in 19 of these industries. In 11 of the industries, increases of 10 percent or more were noted between 19^9 and 1950. The greatest gain was made in the beehive coke industry, which succeeded in raising man-hour output 22 percent. The rise, which accompanied an expansion of coking activity, represented a recovery from the low 19^9 output per man-hour level. The 19 -percent gain made by the rayon and other synthetic fibers industry, on the other hand, represents a continu ation- of a long-term trend of increasing production per man-hour which has characterized the industry throughout its history. Of all the industries included in this report, the rayon industry has made the greatest gain since 1939 — 186 percent. Other large gains were made in the full-fashioned hosiery, and paper and pulp industries. Output per man-hour in the full-fashioned hosiery industry rose 12 percent between 19^9 end 1950 and 63 percent during the years 1939-50. The paper and pulp industry experienced an 11-percent gain during 1950 . T h e indexes in this rep o r t cov e r the p e r i o d 1939 to date for m o s t of the 29 industries f o r w h i c h 1950 d a t a are a v ailable for r e lease at this time. T h e tables for the ind i v i d u a l m i n i n g and public u t i l i t y industries g e n e r a l l y go b a c k to the y e a r 1935T h e indexes for the m i n i n g gro u p a n d for agriculture s h o w the changes that h a v e t a k e n place o ver m ore t h a n three decades. In a d d i t i o n to these 29 industries, d a t a are p r e s e n t e d f o r a f e w industries f o r w h i c h 1950 figures cure n o t y e t available. A s s oon as the in f o r m a t i o n b e c o m e s available, 1950 figures w i l l b e r e l e a s e d f o r these industries. T h e B u r e a u of L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s a lso pla n s to issue indexes of production, m a n hours, a n d ou t p u t p e r m a n - h o u r f o r s e veral a d d i t i o n a l industries, the d a t a for w h i c h are n o w b e i n g p r e p a r e d . * T h e s e w i l l b e issued in the f o r m of supplements to this report. * Among in d u strie s no* u tder study a re : b la s t furnaees, s te e l eorks and r o llin g B i l l s ; newspaper p rin tin g and publishing; slau gh tering and meatpacking; petroleum re fin in g ; a g ric u ltu ra l machinery; autom obiles; and t i r e s and tubes* 2 T h e industries i n c l u d e d in this r e p o r t do n o t c o n s t i t u t e a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e sample of the entire e c o n o m y o r of m a nufacturing. I m p o r t a n t m a n u f a c t u r i n g industries s u c h as automobiles, lumber a n d f u r n i t u r e products, tires a n d tubes, b a s i c steel, t r a n s p o r t a t i o n equipment, textile m i l l products, a n d p e t r o l e u m are n o t included. F o r this reason, the B u r e a u cauti o n s users of its indexes n o t to g e n eralize on the b a s i s of these f i gures f o r a l l m a n u f a c t u r i n g or f o r the total economy. P r o d u c t i v i t y indexes c o n stitute a "yardstick" of the l o n g - r u n progress m a d e b y i n d u s t r y in r e d u c i n g the amount of h u m a n ef f o r t n e e d e d to p r o d u c e the v a rious goods a n d services u s e d in o u r society. T h e e x p a n s i o n of the A m e r i c a n s t a n d a r d o f l i v i n g t h r o u g h g r e a t e r output, h i g h e r r e a l wages, a n d inc r e a s i n g leisure is u l t i m a t e l y d e p e n d e n t u p o n increases in ou t p u t p e r man-hour. P r o d uctivity, or ou t p u t p e r man-hour, is the m e a s u r e of the r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n ou t p u t in p h y s i c a l units a n d labor time — one of the input factors. I t is n o t a measure, however, of the specific c o n t r i b u t i o n o f labor or of c a p i t a l o r of a n y o t h e r one f a c t o r of production. C h a n g e s in the r a t i o b e t w e e n out p u t a n d m a n - h o u r s of w o r k s h o w the e f f e c t of the o p e r a t i o n of a large n u m b e r of separate, t h o u g h interrelated, i n f luences s u c h as t e c h n o l o g i c a l improvements, the r ate of operation, the r e l a t i v e c o n t r i b u t i o n to o u t p u t of pl a n t s at d i f f e r e n t levels of efficiency, the a v a i l a b i l i t y of supplies a n d the f l o w of m a t e r i a l s a n d components, as w e l l as the s k i l l a n d e f f o r t of the w o r k force, the e f f i c i e n c y of management, a n d the state of labor relations. 3 IN D E X E S OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, A N D U N I T LAB O R R E Q U I R E M E N T S I N S E L E C T E D INDUS T R I E S 1939 = 100 Output per Production Man-hour Produotion Year Produotion Man-hours w orkers 1. 1. 1939 191*0 191a 19U2 19^3 i9 t t 19^5 191*6 191*7 191*8 191*9 1950 100.0 106.3 90.6 98.9 57 .6 6 0 .1 7 3 .3 86.3 106.1* 79-1* 9 0 .1 lll*.0 100.0 1 0 2 .6 9 5.3 10 8 .1 81*.9 87.0 96.3 10 3 .3 1 1 3 .6 89.9 87.9 100.1* b. 1939 191*0 191*1 191*2 191*3 191*1* 191*5 191*6 191*7 191*8 191*9 1950 100.0 113 .1 95.6 108.0 59.8 6 1.8 7 8 .7 96.9 1 1 3 .9 87.0 9!*.!* 121*.9 100.0 10 2.6 9 5.3 10 8 .1 81*.9 87.0 96.3 10 3 .3 1 1 3 .6 89.9 87.9 100.1* workers per unit worker per unit MANUFACTURING Beet Sugar Industry &• Unit Labor Requirements Man-hours Production 1/ Beet Sugar Produced 100.0 102.0 9 1 .3 109.3 78.9 79. ** 9 2 .1 10 t. 8 lit. 3 86.5 86.2 9 9 .1 100.0 10 3.6 9 5 .1 9 1.5 67.8 6 9 .1 7 6 .1 8 3.5 9 3.7 88.3 10 2 .5 113 .5 99*2 90.5 73-0 7 5 .7 79.6 8 2.3 9 3 .1 9 1.8 lo t. 5 1 1 5 .0 100.0 96.5 10 5.2 10 9 .3 lt 7 .t lt t .8 131. t 1 1 9 .7 106.8 113 .2 97.6 8 8 .1 100.0 96.0 100.8 1 1 0 .5 13 7 .0 13 2 .1 12 5 .6 12 1.t 107. t 108.9 9 5.7 86.9 100.0 110 .9 lo t . 7 98.8 7 5 .8 7 7 .8 8 5 .5 9 2.5 99.7 100.6 10 9.5 126 .0 100.0 90.7 99.7 10 0 .1 l t 2 .0 lt 0 .8 12 2 .t 106.6 99.7 10 3 .3 9 3 .1 80. t 100.0 90.2 9 5.5 10 1.2 1 3 1 .9 12 8 .5 1 1 7 .0 10 8.2 100. t 99. ^ 9 1 .3 79 .3 100.0 lOt. 2 Sugar Beets Siloed 100.0 102.0 9 1 .3 10 9.3 78.9 79. t 9 2 .1 lo t. 8 lit. 3 86.5 86.2 9 9 .1 100.0 110 .2 100.3 99.9 7 0 .t 7 1 .0 8 1 .7 93.8 100.3 96.8 10 7. t 1 2 t .t 1/ The but auger Industry indexes are on & f i s c a l year b a s is (Maroh through February) in order” to include a complete produotion oyele fo r each 12-month period. i* INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd 1939 w Te a r ^ J Aji Production Production wrker. I. 2. 1939 19l*0 19 ia 19l*2 19 13 19l*l* 19i*5 19h6 19h7 19 18 19U9 1950 100.0 106.0 12 8 .5 13 5 .9 12 9 .5 11*9.2 1 5 8 .5 18 6 .2 159 .8 1 5 8 .7 16 3 .5 1 6 7 .1 M a n - hours 100.0 10 6 .5 131*. 3 11*8.2 108.1* 73-7 83-3 131*. 1 1 5 1.7 16 7-2 17 0 .2 18 2.8 na-lfot available 100 Output per — Production Man-hour worker Unit Labor Requirements Production Man-hours workers per unit per unit MANUFACTURING Cont'd. Canning and Preserving Industries Group 100.0 9 8 .1 111*. 8 12 5 .9 1 2 0 .1 123.lt 129.0 100.0 96.2 1 1 8 .2 13 1.3 12 6 .3 1 3 3 .7 1 3 9 .1 15 9 .8 ll*3.8 13 6 .3 1 2 8 .1 12 7 .0 lkh * 2 13lu0 13 2 .0 12 2 .2 119 *6 3. 1939 19U0 191a 19l*2 19U3 19W* 19l*5 19lt6 191*7 191*8 19l*9 1950 - na na na na na na na na na na na na 100.0 10 8 .1 111.9 10 7.9 10 7.8 120 .9 12 2 .9 13 0 .5 1 1 9 .3 12 0 .2 13 3 .8 13 9 .7 100.0 11 0 .2 10 8 .7 10 3 .5 10 2 .5 111.6 1 1 3 .9 1 1 7 .8 111.1 116.1* 12 7 .6 13 1.6 100.0 92.5 89.3 92.6 92.7 8 2.7 61.1* 76.6 83.9 83.2 71*. 7 7 1.6 100.0 90.8 92.0 96.6 9 7.5 89.6 87.8 81*.9 90.0 85.9 78.3 76.0 100.0 100. i* 10 8 .3 108.1* 91*. 7 83.8 9 0 .1 10 8 .7 111.5 1 1 7 .8 120.1* 13 0 .7 na na na na na na na na na na na na 100.0 99.6 9 2.3 92.2 10 5.6 119.1* 111.0 92.0 89.7 81*. 9 8 3 .I 7 6 .5 Cement Industry 100.0 10 6 .1 121*. 0 13 6 .7 111*.5 88.0 9 2.5 123.1* 1 3 6 .1 11*1.9 11*1.1* 139 .9 na na na na na na na na na na na na 5 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Csnt'd. 1939 Tear Production Production corker* i. i+. 1939 19U0 19 ia 19U2 191+3 191+1+ 191+5 191+6 191+7 19i+8 191+9 1950 100.0 92.8 10U.3 8 1.8 1+9.9 1+6.1+ 52.9 1 0 1.7 111.5 1 2 6 .1 12 2 .7 13U. 7 1939 191+1 191+2 191+3 191+1+ 191+5 191+6 191*7 191+8 191+9 1950 100.0 na na na na na na na 107*2 1 2 1 .9 1 1 8 .5 131*5 n& - Not a v a ila b le 974726 0 — 51------- 2 Man-hours 100 Output per — Production iinJnvr corker tfeit Labor Requirement* Production Man-hour* corker* per unit par unit M A N U F A C T U R I N G Cont'd. C lay C o n s t r u c t i o n Products I n d ustries G r o u p 100.0 92.1+ 101.1+ 8 5 .7 60.9 5 3 .1 570 9 1.6 99.5 101*. 0 100.9 10 2.6 a. 191+0 “ 100.0 88.2 10 0 .5 81*. 3 62.0 55.1+ 6 0 .1 96.5 1 0 5 .1 109*7 101+.6 108.9 100.0 100.1* 10 2.9 95.1+ 8 1.9 87.1+ 92.3 111.0 1 1 2 .1 1 2 1 .3 1 2 1 .6 13 1-3 100.0 10 5.2 10 3.8 97.0 80.5 83.8 88.0 105.1+ 10 6 .1 111+.9 1 1 7 .3 1 2 3 .7 100.0 99.6 97.2 101*. 8 12 2 .0 111+.1+ 10 8 .3 9 0 .1 89.2 8 2.5 82.2 76.2 100.0 95.0 96.1* 1 0 3 .1 121+.2 119.1+ 1 1 3 .6 91+.9 91+.3 87.O 8 5.2 80.8 100.0 100.0 B rick and Hollow Stru otural T ile Industry 100.0 na na na na na na na 92.9 96.3 93*6 96.0 10 0 .0 na na na na na na na 102.8 10 0 .0 na na na na na na na 11$ . li 126 s 6 98.3 103*1* 137*0 99*6 126.6 100.0 na na na na na na na 10 7.6 118.6 120. $ 127*2 na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 86.7 79*0 79*0 73*0 92.9 8U.3 83*0 78.6 6 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd. 1939 - 1QO Output per — Production Year Production wo r k e r s Man-hours I* 1*. 100.0 na na na na na na na 12 9 .6 li*2.7 13 9 .5 ll*7.1* 100.0 12 8 .0 11*6.6 15 8 .3 159 .0 161*. 1 11*7.9 128.0 161.1* loi*.8 11*0.6 15 8 .3 na - Not a v a ila b le worker Unit Labor Requirements Production workers per unit Man-hours per unit M A N U F A C T U R I N G Cont'd. Cont'd. C l a y Sewer Pipe and Kindred Products Industry 100.0 na na na na na na na 12 9 .6 13 8 .9 13U.2 1 3 2 .7 5. 1939 19l*0 19U1 19U2 19U3 19hU 191*5 191*6 19U7 191*8 191*9 1950 Man-hour Clay Construction Products Industries Group b* 1939 19i*0 19U1 19U2 19U3 19W* 19l*5 19i*6 19l*7 19U8 19U9 1950 Production 100.0 123.1* 11*2.6 1 5 3 .2 16 5 .9 16 1.6 11*7.9 1 3 5 .3 15 6 .3 16 5.8 li*8.5 1 5 5 .5 100.0 na na na na na na na 130 • 2 1U1.U 133-9 13U.0 100.0 na na na na na na na 100.0 10 2.7 10 3.9 111.1 100.0 na na na na na na na 99.5 100.9 10U.2 110 .0 100.0 na na na na na na na 100.0 9 7.3 96.2 90.0 100.0 na na na na na na na 10 0 .5 9 9 .1 96.0 90.9 100.0 101*. 1* 10 5 .3 10 6 .2 98.1* 1 0 3 .1 10 0 .5 97.0 10 6 .7 10 2.9 98.5 1 0 1 .$ 100.0 96.1* 9 7.3 96.8 101*. 3 98.5 100.0 10 5 .7 96.8 100.6 10 5.6 98.2 100.0 95.8 95.0 9l*.2 10 1.6 97.0 99.5 10 3.0 9 3.7 9 7 .1 10 1.6 98.5 Coke Industries Group 100.0 12 2 .6 13 9 .2 11*9.1 1 6 1 .6 1 5 9 .1 11*7.2 1 3 1 .9 1 5 1 .2 16 0 .1 11*2.8 156 .0 100.0 10 3 .7 10 2.8 10 3 .3 95.8 1 0 1 .5 100.0 9U.6 10 3 .3 99.1* 91*. 7 10 1.8 7 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd. 1939 * 100 Y ear P ro d u ctio n P ro d u ctio n w o rk e rs M an-hours ][ . 5. 100.0 12 k .8 13k . 7 lk 2.9 lk 5.8 1 5 3 .3 lk0.8 12 2 ek 1 5 1 .8 15 5 .2 1 3 7 .2 1 5 1 .3 b. 1939 19k0 19kl 19k2 19k3 19kk 19k5 19k6 19k? 19k8 1 9k9 1950 100.0 210.6 k60.9 569*6 5k 6 .i k79.8 358 .7 31k. 3 k60.9 k52.0 235*1 389-5 100.0 2 0 7 .3 k29*6 510. k k57*0 3k5*i 2k8.3 197*9 289*7 3 15 .1 183-9 250.2 Cont'd.» B ypro d u ct Coke Ovens In d u s tr y 100.0 1 1 9 .3 12 7 .8 13k . 5 lk 8 .5 lkfi.9 lk o .5 126 .9 1U2.8 1 5 1 .2 1 3 9 .k 1 5 0 .1 100.0 1 1 9 .3 12 8 .7 136 .0 1 5 1 .9 1 5 2 .7 l k 3 .l 1 3 2 .3 lk9.9 15 8 .6 lk6.8 150 .9 U nit Labor R equirem ents P ro d u ctio n Man-hours w o rk e rs p er u n it p er u n it M A N U F A C T U R I N G Cont'd. Coke Industries G r o u p a. 1939 19kO 19kl I9k2 19k3 19kk 19k5 19U6 19k7 1918 19k9 1950 Output p e r — P ro d u ctio n Man-hour w orker 100.0 10k.6 10k. 7 1 0 5 .1 96.0 100. k 98.k 92.5 1 0 1 .3 97.9 9 3.5 100.3 100.0 10k. 6 105. k 106.2 98.2 10 3.0 100.2 96.5 10 6.3 10 2.6 98.k 100.8 100.0 95.6 9 5.5 95.2 10k. 2 99.6 10 1.6 10 8 .1 98.7 10 2 .2 107.0 99.7 100.0 95.6 9k. 9 9k. 1 10 1.9 9 7 .1 99.8 10 3 .7 9k .l 9?.k 10 1.6 99*2 100.0 100.0 98.k 9 3.3 89.6 100.0 100.9 98.0 96.3 95.k 9 1.2 92.0 85.9 82.3 89.5 100.0 82.0 Beehive Coke Ovens Industry 100.0 2 1 2 .k k 5i.8 5k8.k 520.9 k37-5 329.9 270 .1 379*k kok.5 2 3 5 .2 3 19 .3 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .6 10 7 .2 111.6 1 1 9 .5 13 9 .0 ikk .5 158 .8 1 5 9 .1 lk3»k 12 7 .8 1 5 5 .7 9 9 .2 102.0 10 3.9 10k. 8 10 9.7 10 8 .7 116 . k 1 2 1 .5 1 1 1 .7 100.0 12 2.0 8 3 .7 7 1.9 69.2 6 3 .O 63.0 69.? 78.2 6k. 2 8 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont’d. 1939 * 100 Year Production Production workers I. 6. 1939 19l*0 19l*l 19U2 19JU3 19i*l* 19U5 191*6 191*7 191*8 191*9 1950 100.0 111*. 8 11*1.6 151*. 5 11*2.0 16 0 .1 17 9 .3 16 5 .0 16 2 .2 15 7 .9 11*8.1* 15 0 .7 100.0 10 7.6 1 2 1 .7 1 2 2 .3 126 .9 11*0.8 1 3 3 -7 12 9 .5 1 5 2 .7 1 5 7 .9 151*. 1* 16 3 .7 Unit Labor Requirements Production Man-hours workers per unit per u n it MANUFACTURING Cont'd. Condensed and Evaporated Milk Industry 100.0 10 7.2 13 3 .0 166.1* 1 6 6 .1 1 7 2 .2 16 5 -3 156.1* 15 8 .8 150 .9 11*8.6 11*1*. 1 7. 1939 191*0 191*1 191*2 , 191*3 191*1* 191*5 191*6 191*7 191*8 191*9 1950 Man-hours Output per — Production Man-hour worker 100.0 10 0 .1 10 5 .3 10 3.0 106.8 111*. 7 110 .8 109.8 130.1* 1 3 1 .6 126.1* 12 7 .6 100.0 109.1* 13 9 .3 1 7 8 .5 18 2 .7 191*. 5 188.9 16 9 .5 167.1* 158.1* 15 2 .6 11*9.0 100.0 1 0 7 .1 10 6 .5 92.8 8 5.5 93.0 10 8 .5 10 5 .5 1 0 2 .1 10U.6 99.9 10l*.6 100.0 10U.9 1 0 1 .7 86.6 7 7 .7 8 2.3 91*. 9 9 7.3 96.9 99.7 9 7.2 10 1.1 100.0 93.1* 93.9 10 7 .7 1 1 7 .0 10 7.6 92.2 9l*.8 97.9 95.6 10 0 .1 95.6 100.0 9 5.3 98.1* 115 .5 12 8 .7 1 2 1 .5 105.1* 10 2 .7 10 3 .2 10 0.3 10 2.8 98.9 100.0 10 7 .5 113 .2 113 .1 10 9 .3 111.7 1 1 2 .2 1 1 2 .6 1 11.8 111*. 8 116.1* 1 2 1 .9 100.0 93.0 86.5 81*. 2 81*.2 8 1 .5 82.9 81*. 8 85.1* 8 3.3 8 I.9 77.9 100.0 93.0 88.3 88.1* 9 1 .5 89.6 89.2 88.8 89.5 8 7 .I 85.9 82.0 Confectionery Industry 100.0 10 0 .1 10 7 .5 10 8 .1 11 6 .1 1 2 6 .1 1 1 9 .2 1 1 5 .0 136 .6 1 3 7 .5 1 3 2 .7 13l*.3 100.0 10 7 .5 1 1 5 .6 1 1 8 .7 1 1 8 .8 12 2 .8 12 0 .7 1 1 7 .9 1 1 7 .1 120 .0 12 2 .2 12 8 .3 9 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS Hi SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd. 1939 - loo Year Production Production workers i. 8* 1939 19i*0 1910. 19U2 192*3 19l*l* 191*5 19U6 19U7 191*8 191*9 1950 Unit Labor Requirements Man-hours Production per u n it workers per u n it MANUFACTURING Cont'd. Flour and Other Grain-Mill Products Industry 100.0 96.8 98.2 10 0 .1 111*. 3 1 1 7 .6 12 8 .8 1 1 9 .7 131*. 0 12 2 .1 10 3 .7 10 0 .1 100.0 97.2 95.6 97.0 110 .9 1 1 8 .2 1 2 1 .7 1 1 9 .6 12 6 .6 1 2 3 .7 1 1 8 .3 1 11.7 9. 1939 191*0 191*1 191*2 191*3 191*1* 191*5 191*6 191*7 191*8 191*9 1950 Man-hours Output per — Production Man-hour worker 100.0 106.lt 13 9 .2 1 5 5 .8 18 2 .8 19 8 .7 203.3 221*. 5 230.1* 200.1* 18 2 .7 2 1 3 .1 100.0 10 6 .2 1 2 5 .5 13U.8 11*1*. 8 11*3.7 150 .6 16 8 .9 16 2 .9 11*90 1 3 5 .7 11*8.9 100.0 9 5 .1 96.7 10 3 .2 12 7 .9 13 7 .8 11*2.1* 136 .8 11*6.7 135.1* 12 5 .0 1 1 6 .5 100.0 99.6 10 2 .7 10 3 .2 1 0 3 .1 99.5 10 5.8 10 0 .1 10 5.8 98.7 8 7 .7 89.6 100.0 10 1.8 10 1.6 97.0 89.1* 8 5 .3 90.1* 8 7 .5 9 1.3 90.2 83.O 8 5.9 100.0 100.1* 97.1* 96.9 97.0 10 0 .5 9lt.5 99.9 91*. 5 1 0 1 .3 111.6 100.0 98.2 98.5 1 0 3 .1 111.9 117 .2 1 10 .6 111*. 3 10 9 .5 110 .9 12 0 .5 116.1* 100.0 99.8 90.2 86.5 79.2 7 2 .3 71*. 1 7 5 .2 70.7 7l*.5 7l*-3 69.9 100.0 100.8 91*. 5 93.0 9 0 .1 8 2.6 81*.5 8 2 .7 7 7 .2 79.5 78.1* 71*. 7 n l* .i (Hass Containers Industry 100.0 10 7 .3 1 3 1 .6 11*1*. 9 161*. 7 161*. 2 1 7 1 .7 18 5 .7 17 7 .8 15 9 .3 11*30 15 9 .2 100.0 10 0 .2 110 .9 1 1 5 .6 12 6 .2 13 8 .3 13 5 .0 13 2 .9 11*1.1* 13U .2 13l*. 6 11*3.1 100.0 99.2 10 5.8 10 7 .5 111.0 1 2 1 .0 118.1* 120 .9 12 9 .6 12 5 .8 1 2 7 .5 1 3 3 .9 10 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont»d 1939 “ 100 Year Production Production workers i. 10. 1939 19k0 191a 19U2 19U3 19UU 19U5 19U6 19U7 19U8 19U9 1950 100.0 9U.9 1 0 1 .1 9 2 .9 96.2 90.8 8 7 .0 100.5 9 5 .5 98.7 9 8 .0 109. U Man-hours 100.0 9 5 .3 9 5 .1 Hosiery Industries Group 100.0 9 1 .2 91.2 78.8 72 .6 66 .8 6 2 .9 7 5 .5 79.5 80.2 75*0 7 6 .5 79.7 8 6 .1 82.8 78.5 90.9 8 7 .5 1 0 0 .6 101.8 1 1 6 .1 n a • N ot a v a i l a b l e 100.0 90 .7 8 7 .5 6 8 .9 6 1 .3 53 .9 5 0 .6 6 2 .6 6 5 .5 6 8 .7 6 6 .1 6 6 .6 Unit Labor Requirements Production Man-hours per u n it workers per u n it MANUFACTURING Cont'd. 1 0 0 .0 87 .1 92 .0 81 .2 78.9 72 .0 6 6 .2 8 0 .6 8 3 .1 83.i1 77 .0 79.2 a. 1939 19ii0 19iil 19ii2 19U3 19i+ii 19U5 19ii6 19ii7 19ii8 19U9 1950 Output per — Production Man-hour worker 1 0 0 .0 10U.1 1 10.9 117.9 1 3 2 .5 1 3 5 .9 1 38.3 1 3 3 .1 1 2 0 .1 1 2 3 .1 1 3 0 .7 1U3.0 1 00.0 1 0 9 .0 1 09.9 iiii.li 1 2 1 .9 1 2 6 .1 131. U I2ii.7 11I1.9 118.3 127.3 1 3 8 .1 1 0 0 .0 9 6 .1 90 .2 8ii.8 75.5 73.6 72.3 7 5 .1 8 3 .3 8 1 .3 76 .5 6 9 .9 1 0 0 .0 9 1 .7 9 1 .0 87.il 8 2 .0 79.3 7 6 .1 8 0 .2 87.O 8U.5 7 8.6 72.U 1 0 0 .0 95 .2 9 2 .0 86. U 71.2 6 5 .1 6U.5 10 0 .0 Full-Fashioned Hosiery Industry 1 0 0 .0 na na 71. ii 68.ii 6 0 .2 5U*6 6 9 .0 70.9 7 5 .3 70 .0 71.3 1 0 0 .0 10 0 .0 10 5 .1 1 0 8 .7 na na 1 1 1 .6 125.9 1 3 7 .5 lii3 .8 131.7 123.ii 1 3 3 .6 lU5.ii 162.8 115.7 1U 0 .5 153.6 1 5 5 .1 11*5.2 1 3 3 .6 Ii16.i1 15U.0 17 I1.3 6 8 .9 7U.9 6 8 .3 6U.9 5 7 .U na na 8 9 .6 79.U 72.7 6 9 .6 7 5 .9 8 1 .0 7U.9 6 8 .8 6 1. u 11 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd 1939 - 100 Output per — Tear Produotion Production w orkers Man-hours Production wor k e r Man-hour 2/ MANUFACTURING Cont'd. I. 10 . Hosiery Industries Group Cont'd. b. 1939 19l*0 191a 19U2 19ii3 19l*l* 191*5 19U6 19U7 191*8 19i*9 1950 100.0 91*. 1* 1 0 9 .1 1 1 2 .5 109.1* 99.9 96.7 1 1 2 .3 105.1 96.7 91*. 1 10 2.9 Seamless H o s i e r y Industry 100.0 na na 95.0 9 3 .5 88.6 82.1* 96.9 100.2 91*. 7 86.7 90.3 100.0 9 1-9 96.5 92.9 88.6 8 5 .1 80.1* 93.8 99.3 96.5 8 7.7 90.6 11. 1939 191*0 19i*l 191*2 191*3 19i*U 191*5 19U6 191*7 191*8 191*9 1950 100.0 10 2.6 120 .6 11*3.5 11*0.6 11*8.8 16 2 .9 222.2 1 9 5 .5 17 8 .8 1 7 3 .1 16 8 .6 U nit Labor Requirements Production Man-hours workers per unit per unit 100.0 10 2 .2 1 1 6 .3 12 8 .9 1 2 3 -3 1 2 1 .8 116.1* 1 3 1 .6 11*2.9 13 3 .0 12 8 .7 1 2 3 .2 1 0 0 .0 102.7 1 1 3 .1 1 2 1 .1 123.5 117.1* 120.3 119.7 1 05.8 1 00.2 1 07.3 1 1 3 .6 100.0 na na 118.1* 1 1 7 .0 1 1 2 .8 117.1* 1 1 5 .9 101*. 9 1 0 2 .1 10 8 .5 lll*.0 1 00.0 97.1* 8 8 .5 82.6 8 1.0 8 5.2 8 3 .1 8 3 .5 91*. 5 99.8 9 3.2 8 8 .0 100.0 na na 81*.l* 8 5 .5 88 .7 85.2 86 .3 9 5.3 97.9 9 2 .1 8 7 .8 100.0 1 01.9 1 05.1 111.6 1 1 3 .8 121.1* 137.6 16 5 .3 1 37.7 138.6 138.1* 11*3.1* 1 0 0 .0 99.6 96.1* 8 9 .8 9 7.7 8 1 .9 7 1 .5 59.2 7 3 .1 7l*.l* 7U.1* 7 3 .1 1 0 0 .0 9 8 .1 9 5.2 8 9 .6 87.9 82.1* 7 2.7 60.5 72.6 7 2 .1 7 2 .3 69.8 Ice Cream Industry 100.0 100.7 111*. 8 12 8 .6 12 3 .6 12 2 .6 118.1* 131*. 1* 11*2.0 129.0 1 2 5 .1 1 1 7 .6 100.0 100. i* 103.7 111.3 11U.0 122.2 139 .9 168.8 136 .8 13U.1* 13U .5 136 .9 n& - Not available 2/ For tho loo Croaa Industry, reprosonts BLS produotion worker lndox adjusted to Census of ifa««rm»tMrss data for "All Bspleyees" rather than "Produotion Workers" only. See "Teohnieai notes." 12 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS FOR SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd. 1939 - 100 Year Production Production workers Man-hours Output per — Production Man-hour worker 2/ 1939 19l*0 19 hl 19l*2 19l*3 19W* 1916 19l*6 1 9 k7 19l*8 19l*9 1950 100.0 98.ii 113.0 1 28.6 11*3.6 1 63.5 169.1* 1 61.3 1 7 8 .0 1 72.1 171*. 1 17U.6 I. MANUFACTURING Cont'd. 12. Malt Liquors Industry 100.0 9 6 .3 100.1* 107.7 115.7 121.9 120.6 121.3 131*. 9 135.5 129.1* 129.2 13. 1939 19U0 19U1 19U2 19U3 19l*l* 19U5 19U6 19U7 19U8 19U9 1950 100.0 112.8 1 3 3 .0 129.6 12i*.l 121*. 2 126.8 11*1.1 155.3 162.6 153.8 183.O 100.0 1 0 6 .6 118.2 1 2 1 .6 120.1 119.8 121.5 U*3.0 15U. 5 157.1* 11*7.5 1 5 3 .1 100.0 96.3 106.1* 115.9 135.0 ll*6.1* 11*3.6 13U.0 152.2 11*8.6 138.9 1 3 7 .6 1 0 0 .0 102.2 1 1 2 .5 119.1* 121*. 1 131*. 1 11*0.5 1 3 3 .0 131.9 127.0 13l*« 5 135.1 1 0 0 .0 102.2 106.2 111.0 106.1* 111.7 1 1 8 .0 120.1* 1 1 7 .0 115.8 125.3 1 2 6 .9 Unit Labor Requirements Man-hours Production per u n it workers per unit 1 00.0 9 7 .9 88 .8 83.7 8 0 .6 7U.6 71.2 7 5.2 75.8 78.7 71*. 3 7l*.0 1 00.0 9 7 .9 9i*.2 9 0 .1 91*. 0 89-5 81*.8 8 3 .I 8 5 .5 86 .3 79.8 78.8 1 0 0 .0 91*. 5 8 8 .9 93 .8 9 6 .8 9 6 .5 9 5 .8 101.3 9 9 .5 96 .8 9 5 .9 8 3 .7 1 0 0 .0 91*. 9 91*. 1 1 0 0 .1 1 11.2 111*. 9 11U.1 111.1* 1 09.1 105.7 100.9 9 1 .1 Paper and Pulp Industry 100.0 1 0 7 .1 125.2 129.7 1 3 8 .0 11*2.7 11*1*. 7 157.2 1 6 9 .5 171.9 1 55.2 166.8 1 0 0 .0 105.8 1 1 2 .5 1 0 6 .6 1 0 3 .3 1 0 3 .7 10l*.i* 9 8 .7 1 0 0 .5 103.3 10l*.3 1 1 9 .5 1 0 0 .0 1 0 5 .3 1 06.2 9 9 .9 8 9 .9 8 7 .0 8 7 .6 8 9 .8 9 1 .6 9U.6 9 9 .1 1 0 9 .7 y for ths Milt Liquors Industry, represents BLS production worker indsn adjusted to Ceneue_of Maaafastures data for "All Bapleyees" rathsr t i n "Production Workers" only* So# "Teehnloal Kotos*" 13 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd. 1939 Year Production Production workers I, It*. 1939 19l*> 19U 19l*2 19U3 19 hh 19U5 19U6 19l*7 191*8 19l*9 1950 19 hk 191*5 191*6 191*7 191*8 191*9 1950 Man-hours 100 Output per — Production Man-hour worker U nit Labor Requirements Man-hours Production per u n it workers per u n it MANUFACTURING Cont'd. Primary Smelting and Refining of Non-Ferrous Metals Group (Copper, Lead and Zinc) 100.0 119.7 129.3 130.0 129.1* 118.5 106.2 86.6 119.1 111*. 7 107.3 123.3 15. 1939 19U0 19lU 19U2 19l*3 - 100.0 123.0 153.1* 170.7 179.1 195.7 212.3 227.9 258.2 301*.3 260.7 353.0 974726 0— 51--- 3 100.0 113.6 127.6 125.6 121.0 106.3 99.1 96.2 117.0 lll*.l 105.1* 107.9 100.0 115.1* 131.3 13l*.8 139.7 129.0 118.6 102.7 126.5 123.1* 111.7 116.7 100.0 105.1* 101.3 103.5 106.9 109.1* 107.2 92.3 101.8 100.5 101.8 ni*.3 100.0 103.7 98.5 96,1* 92.6 91.9 89.5 86.5 9i*.2 92.9 96.1 105.7 100.0 91*.9 98.7 96.6 93.5 91.1* 93.3 108.3 98.2 99.5 98.2 87.5 100.0 96.1* 101.5 103.7 108.0 108.9 111.7 115.7 106.2 107.6 10i*.l 9l*.6 Rayon and Other Synthetic Fibers Industry 100.0 105.1* 110.9 108.5 108.8 109.0 112.3 119.6 119.7 123.9 111*. 8 119.0 100.0 108.5 111*. 7 113.1* 120.3 123.1* 12U.7 123.1* 12l*.8 129.2 117.0 123.1* 100.0 116.7 138.3 157.3 161*.6 179.5 189.0 190.6 215.7 21*5*6 21*1*.5 296.6 100.0 113.U 133.7 150.5 11*8.9 158.6 170.2 181*. 7 206.9 235.5 239.9 286.1 100.0 85.7 72.3 63.6 6O.7 55.7 52.9 52.5 1*6.1* 1*0.7 1*0.9 33.7 100.0 88.2 71*.8 66.1* 67.2 63.I 58.7 51*.1 1*8.3 1*2.5 1*1.7 35.0 Ill INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd. 1939 Year Production Production workers I. 16. 1939 19ii0 19l*l 19l*2 19li3 19l*l* 19l*5 191*6 191*7 19U8 19U9 1950 100.0 101.5 109.3 115.7 n il. 2 n il. 3 n 7 .7 n 5 .8 n li. 5 118.6 1 16.6 116.5 llan-hours 100.0 1 00.5 107.7 in . 8 1 0 2 .5 99.2 100.2 107.0 10Ji.2 1 07.5 101*. 1 102.2 100 Output per — Production Man-hour worker Unit Labor Requirenents Production Man-hours per unit workers per u n it MANUFACTURING Cont'd. Tobacco Products Industries Group 1 0 0 .0 9 8 .7 101.0 102.0 97.2 9 0 .6 8 6 .7 9 1 .1 91.2 9 0 .0 8 5 .1 8 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 100.9 105.I* 111.2 111.9 106.7 101.7 101.2 9 8 .9 96.2 8 8 .9 8 5 .0 a# 1939 19l*0 19 ia 19U2 19it3 19 kh 19l*5 19U6 19U7 19U8 19l*9 1950 - 1 00.0 98.1* 10 1*. 0 102.3 88.6 75.9 7 1 .5 81*.6 8 7 .5 8 5 .6 7 8 .6 7 2 .5 1 00.0 102.8 108.2 113.1* 1 1 7 .5 1 26.2 135.8 1 2 7 .1 1 2 5 .5 131.8 1 37.0 11*5.6 1 00.0 1 00.6 103.7 10i*.0 1 0 2 .1 1 07.1 115.7 ni*.l* 115.8 123.3 1 31.2 1 3 7 .1 1 0 0 .0 9 7 .2 92.1* 8 8 .2 8 5 .1 79.3 73.7 78 .7 79 .7 7 5 .9 73 .0 6 8 .7 1 0 0 .0 99.1* 96.1* 9 6 .1 9 8 .0 93.1* 86.1* 87.1* 86.1* 8 1 .1 76.2 7 3.0 1 00.0 9 8 .7 98.1* 99 .3 98.8 107.2 1 18.0 1 1 2 .5 109.3 1 15.6 1 2 5 .0 132.2 1 00.0 97 .9 96 .6 9 1 .5 86.1* 76 .5 71.1* 79.1 81*. 0 79-6 7 5 .5 70.9 1 0 0 .0 101.3 101.6 100.7 101.2 93 .2 81*. 7 8 8 .9 91 .5 8 6 .5 8 0 .0 75 .6 Cigars Industry 1 0 0 .0 101.8 109.1* n 2 .6 103.7 9 2 .5 81*.9 9 5 .1 95.3 9 3 .0 83 .3 77.3 1 0 0 .0 1 02.1 1 0 3 .6 109.3 115.7 130.7 11*0.1 1 2 6 .5 119.1 1 2 5 .6 1 3 2 .1 11*1.0 15 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd 1939 - Production Year Production Man-hours worker* 1. 16. b» 1939 19l*0 1910. 191*2 191*3 191*1* 191*5 191*6 191*7 191*8 191*9 1950 100 Output per — Production Man-hour worker Unit Labor Requirement* Production Man-hour* per u n it worker* per u n it MANUFACTURING Cont'd. Tobacco Products Industries Group Cont'd. Cigarette* Industry, and Chewing and Smoking tobaeeo and Snuff Industry 1 0 0 .0 103.0 111.8 121.5 130.9 131*. 3 139.8 128.0 130.1 135.9 135.3 137.2 100.0 99.1 96.1* 101.5 109.1 108.3 107.7 100.2 96.3 96.2 9l*.l 90.1* 100.0 99.7 100.0 109.1* 122.9 125.6 121*.0 109.2 103.7 100.1* 96.3 95.2 100.0 103.9 116.0 119.7 120.0 121*.0 129.8 127.7 135.1 11*1.3 11*3.8 151.8 100.0 103.3 111.8 100.0 96.2 86.2 1 1 1 .1 8 3 .5 106.5 106.9 112.7 117.2 125.5 135.1* ii*o.5 H*l*. 1 83.3 80.6 77.0 78.3 7l*.0 70.8 69.5 65.9 100.0 96.8 89.1* 90.0 93.9 93.5 88.7 850 79.7 73-9 71.2 69.1* 16 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd. 1939 * 100 Year Production Production workers Met -hours II. 1. Output per — Production Man-hour worker Unit Labor Requires a c ts Production Man-hour* workers per unit per w i t MINING The Mining Industries Group 4/ 191$ 89.2 na 183.9 na 1*8.5 na 206.2 1916 98.0 na 203.6 na 1*8.1 na 207.8 1917 103.1 na 212.6 na 1*8.5 na 206.2 1918 103.0 na 208.6 na 1*9.1* na 202.5 1919 87.'$ na 176.1* na 1*9.6 na 201.6 1920 100.1* na 191*. 2 na 51.7 na 193.1* 1921 79.8 na 11*7.1* na 51*.1 na 181*. 7 1922 83.1* na 11*5.0 na 57.5 na 173.9 1923 113.8 na 192.9 na 59.0 na 169.5 1921* 106.3 na 175.2 na 60.7 na 161*.6 192$ 108.2 na 172.9 na 62.6 na 159.8 1926 119.1* na 188.2 na 63.I* na 157.6 1927 115.8 na 177.1* na 65.3 na 153.2 1928 113.8 na 167.5 na 67.9 na 11*7.2 1929 121.7 na 17U.3 na 69.8 na 11*3.2 1930 106.7 na 11*6.1* na 72.9 na 137.2 1931 87.9 na lilt.O na 77.1 na 129.7 1932 69.6 na 89.8 na 77.5 na 129.0 1933 75.6 na 96.0 na 78.8 na 127.0 1931* 83.1* na 102.5 na 81.1* na 122.9 17 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Corrt^d. 1939 Year Production workers Production Man-hours 11. 1. - 100 Output per — Production Man-hour worker Unit Labor Requirements Production Man-hours « o rk « rt *»*• » » « per u n it MINING Cont'd. The Mining Industries Group Cont'd. 1935 88.0 na 103.7 na 8U.9 na 117.8 1936 101.9 na 117.6 na 86.6 na 115.1* 1937 108.9 na 123.7 na 88.0 na 113.6 1938 8 8 .5 na 98.2 na 90.1 na 111.0 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 191*0 113.0 109.6 110.7 103.1 102.1 97.0 98.0 19lil 123.9 n o .o 119.3 112.6 103.9 88.8 96.3 19l*2 136.0 113.9 130.8 119.1* 101*.0 83.8 96.2 19U3 139.6 106.8 137.5 130.7 101.5 76.5 96.5 1 9hh 11*5.8 103.1* 139.3 11*1.0 101*. 7 70.9 95.5 19h5 136.5 96.1 128.7 11*2.0 106.1 70.1* 9l*.3 19U6 129.8 98.8 121.1 131.1* 107.2 76.1 930 19l*7 11*7.7 107.1 133.0 137.9 111.1 72.5 90.0 191*8 11*7.1* 111.6 132.9 132.1 110.9 75.7 90.2 191*9 119.3 101*. 5 109.9 111*. 2 108.6 87.6 92.1 19 $0 13U. 5 101.6 111*.6 132.1; 117.1* 75.5 85.2 k/ The indexes fo r 1^15-3^ are based on m a te ria l published by the WPA N ational Rese&roh P ro je ct and cover almost a l l mining in d u stries* The BLS indexes beginning with I 935 cover s ix o f the p rin cip al mining in d u s trie s : bituminous o o a l; a n th ra cite $ oopper; iro n ; lead and sin e ; and orude petroleum, n a tu ra l g a s, and n a tu ra l gasoline* The indexes fo r 5 o f the 6 individual mining in d u stries are presented in the following pages* Pending fu rth e r review , the s e rie s fo r erude petroleum, n a tu ra l g as, and n a tu ra l gasoline were not considered s u f f ic ie n tly re lia b le fo r p u b licatio n se p a ra te ly , although s a ti s f a c to r y fo r inclu sion in the combined indexes* n a - N o t a v a ila b le 18 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd 1939 Year Production Production worker* Man-hours i i .. 2. “ 100 Output per — Man-hour Production worker Unit Labor Requirements Man-hours Production per u n it workers per u n it MINING Gont»d. Anthracite Industry 193 £ 101.3 111.6 127.7 90.8 79.3 110.2 126.1 1936 106.0 110.6 123.0 95.8 86.2 10i*.3 116.0 1937 100.7 110.8 115.2 90.9 87.1* 110.0 lli».l* 1938 89.5 100.1 91.1* 89.1* 97.9 111.8 102.1 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19 hO 100.0 103. k 101.5 96.7 98.5 103.1* 101.5 19U1 105.8 103.8 105.3 101.9 100.5 98.1 99.5 19l*2 112.1 100.0 121.7 112.1 92.1 89.2 108.6 19l*3 115.3 93.7 131.8 123.1 87.5 81.3 Hi*.3 19l*l* 122.7 90.8 133.1* 135.1 92.0 7i*.0 IO8.7 19l*5 106.2 81.6 119.1 130.1 89.2 76.8 112.1 19l*6 116.8 92.0 121*. 9 127.0 93.5 78.8 106.9 19l*7 109.9 89.2 121.1* 123.2 90.5 81.2 110.5 19l*8 109-9 90.7 121.5 121.2 90.5 82.5 110.6 191*9 82.1 87.1 90.6 9l*.3 90.6 106.1 110.1* 1950 85-3 81*.1* 97.8 101.1 87.2 98.9 111*. 7 19 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont’d 1939 Year Production workers Production Man-hours - 100 Output per — Production Man-hour worker Unit Labor Requirements Production Man-hours workers per u n it per unit II. MINING Cont’d. 3* Bituminous Coal and Lignite Industries 1935 9l*.3 117-5 ill*. 5 8O.3 82.1* 12i*.6 121.1* 1936 111.2 121.3 128.9 91.7 86.3 109.1 115.9 1937 112.8 12l*.l* 128.1 90.7 88.1 110.3 113.6 1938 8 8 .3 109.6 95 .0 80.6 92.9 121*.1 107.6 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 191*0 116.7 112.0 112.2 10U.2 10U.0 96.0 96.1 19U 130.2 111.1 12U.7 117.2 ioU.1* 85.3 95.8 191*2 11*7.6 122.3 11*3.5 120.7 102.9 82.9 97.2 191*3 11*9.1* 112.6 151.3 132.7 98.7 75.1* 101.3 191*1* 156.9 1 08.0 153.0 11*5.3 102.5 68.8 97.5 191*5 11*6.3 9 8 .6 138.1* 11*8.1* 105.7 67.1* 91**6 191*6 135-2 95-5 123.2 11*1.6 109.7 70.6 91.1 191*7 159.7 108.2 11*2.1* 11*7.6 112.1 67.8 89.2 191*8 151.8 111.1 135.9 136.6 111.7 73.2 89.5 191*9 110.8 1 0 0 .5 100.8 110.2 109.9 90.7 91.0 1950 129.6 105.1 1370 123.3 72.8 81.1 91*. 1* 20 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Gont'd 193 9 Year Pro duet ion of ore Pro duet ion workers Man-hours II. U* * 100 Ore Mined per ~ Production Man-hour worker Unit Labor Requirements Production Man-hours workers per per ton ton of ore o f ore MINING Coat'd Copper Ores Mining Industry &# Based on Ore Mined 1935 3i+»6 na 53-0 na 65.3 na 153.2 1936 69.7 na 82.9 na 81+.1 na 118.9 1937 111.1+ na 123*5 na 90.2 na 110.9 1938 68.li na 82.3 na 83.I na 120.3 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 191+0 125.1+ 117.6 117.0 106.6 107.2 93.8 93.3 191+1 11+2.0 131.1+ 132.7 108.1 107.0 92.5 93.5 191+2 167.1 136.0 11+6.7 122.9 113 .9 81.1+ 87.8 191+3 178.9 133.2 11+5*6 131+.3 122.9 71+.5 81.1+ 191+1+ 166.2 109.8 118.1+ 151.1+ 11+0.1+ 66.1 71.2 191+5 11+0.3 87.1 92.9 161.1 151.0 62.1 66.2 19U6 112.7 82.1 83.9 137.3 131+.3 72.8 7U.1+ 191+7 159.1 98.1+ 105.2 161.7 15 1.2 61.8 66.1 191+8 153.1+ 100.0 107.9 153.1+ 11+2.2 65.2 70.3 191+9 137.6 97.2 98.1 11+1.6 11+0.3 70.6 71.3 1950 171.2 99.2 106.5 172.6 160.8 57.9 62.2 n a - Hot available 21 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd. 1939 - 100 Production of recoverable n a ta l Produotion workers Man-hours II. 1*. b. Recoverable Metal per — Production Man-hour worker Unit Labor Requirements Production Man-hours per unit of workers per unit of recoverable metal recoverable metal MINING Cont'd. Copper Ores Mining Industry Cont'd. Based on Mine Production o f Recoverable Metal 1935 51.7 na 53.0 na 97.5 na 102.5 1936 81*.3 na 82.9 na 101.7 na 96.3 1937 116.1 na 123.5 na 91*.0 na 106.1* 1938 76.5 na 82.3 na 93.0 na 107.6 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 191*0 120.8 117 .6 117.0 102.7 103.2 97.1* 96.9 191*1 131.8 13 1 .1* 132.7 100.3 99.3 99.7 100.7 191*2 11*9.1 136.0 11*6.7 109.6 101.6 91.2 98.1* 191*3 150.8 133.2 11*5.6 113.2 IO3.6 88.3 96.6 19l*l* 133-9 109.8 118.1* 121.9 113.1 82.0 88.1* 191*5 106.0 8 7 .1 92.9 121.7 nl*.i 82.2 87.6 19U6 83.I* 82.1 83.9 101.6 99.1* 98.1* 100.6 191*7 116.6 98.1* 105.2 118.5 110.8 81*.1* 90.2 191*8 111*.6 100.0 107.9 111*.6 106.2 87.3 91*.2 191*9 102.1* 97.2 98.1 105.3 101*.1* 91*.9 95.8 1950 12l*.l 99.2 106.5 125.1 116.5 79.9 85.8 na - Mot available 974726 0 — 51 4 22 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd 1939 - 100 Crude Ore Mined per — Production Year of crude ore Production Production Man-hours workers Man-hour worker Unit Labor Requirements Man-hours Production per ton of workers per ton of crude ore crude ore II. 5. MINING Cont'd. Iron Ores Mining Industry a. Based on Crude Ore Mined 1935 61.7 na 67.3 na 91.7 na 109.1 1936 95.6 na 95.1* na 100.2 na 99.8 1937 11*1.1 na 13 1.6 na 107.2 na 93.3 1938 55-3 na na 70.5 na 11*1.8 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 191*0 li*5.1* 112.6 121.1* 1 2 9 .1 119.8 77.1* 83.5 19l*l 187.8 133.8 152.2 ll*0.1* 123.1* 71.2 81.0 191*2 220.6 159.5 188.1 138.3 1 170 72.3 85-3 19U3 208.7 167.1* 200.7 121*. 7 101*.0 80.2 96.2 191*1* 193.6 11*9.6 181.1* 129.1* 106.7 77.3 93.7 19U5 1 8 $ . 1* 125.5 153.6 11*7.7 120.7 67.7 82.8 191*6 11*6.8 122.7 129.6 119.6 113.3 83.6 88.3 19U7 198.7 11*9.8 168.7 132.6 117.8 75.1* 81*.9 191*8 220.1 159.2 181*.2 138.3 119.5 72.3 83.7 191*9 182.8 11*1*.1 160.6 126.9 113.8 78.8 87.9 1950 217.2 151.2 173-2 11*3.7 125.1* 6 9 .6 79.7 n a - Not available 78 .1* 23 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd. 1939 - 100 Production Year of useable ore Useable Ore per — FroVTtfcTroh — Hfiri-WOT Production workers Man-hours worker Unit Labor Requirements Production Man-hours per ton of workers useable ore per ton of useable ore II. 5* MINING Cont'd. Iron Ores Mining Industry b# Cont'd. Based on Useable Ore Produced 1935 59.0 na 07.3 na 67.7 na llk.l 1936 9k. 3 na 95. k na 98.8 na 10 1.2 1937 139. k na 13 1.6 na 105.>' na 9k.k 1936 55.0 na 78 .h na 70.2 na lk2.5 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19k0 lk2.5 112 .6 12 1 .k 126.6 117- k 79.0 85.2 19kl 176.6 133.8 152.2 133.5 117.3 7k. 9 85.2 19k2 202.7 159.5 188.1 127.1 107.8 78.7 92.8 19k3 19k. 5 167. k 200.7 116.2 96.9 86.1 103.2 19kk 180.8 lk9.6 l8l.k 120.9 99.7 82.7 100.3 19k5 169.8 125.5 153.6 135.3 110.5 73*9 90.5 19U6 136.0 122.7 129.6 110.8 10it.9 90.2 95.3 19k7 176.9 li+9.8 168.7 119.k 106.0 63.7 9k. 3 19 k8 19k. 3 159.2 18k .2 122.0 105.5 81.9 9k. 8 19U9 163.2 lkk.l 160.2 113.3 101.9 88.3 98.2 1950 188 .5 151.2 173.2 12it.7 108.8 80.2 91.9 na - Not available 2i* INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd. 1939 " 100 Tear Production of ore Production workers Man-hours II. Ore Mined per — Production Man-hour worker Unit Labor Requirements Production Man-hours workers per ton of per ton of ore mined ore mined MINING Cont'd. 6.> Lead and Zinc Ores Mining Industries a* Based on Ore Mined 1935 76.9 na 86.7 na 88.7 na 112.7 1936 97.5 na 102.7 na 9l*.9 na 105.3 1937 118.1 na 122.5 na 96.1* na 103.7 1938 850 na 91.1* na 930 na 107.2 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19k0 116.3 111*.8 116.9 101.3 99.5 98.7 100.5 19hl 133.7 120.1 12l*.l 111.3 107.7 89.8 92.8 19l*2 lWi.3 126.0 11*1.0 111*.5 102.3 87.3 97.7 19U3 152.5 11*1.1 160.1* 108.1 95.1 92.5 105.2 19UU 158.0 127.6 11*5.7 123.8 108.1* 80.8 92.2 19U5 11*1*.3 111.7 127.9 129.2 112.8 77.1* 88.6 191*6 135-0 119.6 128.9 112.9 101*. 7 88.6 95.5 191*7 118.2 127.0 135.5 93-1 87.2 107.1* 111**6 191*8 96.8 117.8 125.7 82.2 77.0 121.7 129.9 19U9 102.2 1 1 1 .0 118.7 92.1 86.1 108.6 116.1 na - Not av ailab le 25 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd. 1939 - 100 Production of recoverable metal Production workers Man-hour 8 II. 6. Recoverable Metal per — Production Man-hour worker MINING Cont'd. Lead and Zinc Ores Mining Industries b# U nit Labor Requirements Production Man-hours workers per u n it of per u n it of recoverab le metal recoverable metal Cont'd. Based on Mine Production of Recoverable Metal 1935 86.3 na 86.7 na 99.5 na 100.5 1936 96.2 na 102.7 na 93.7 na 106.8 1937 110.it na 122.5 na 90.1 na 111.0 1938 89.2 na na 97.6 na 102.5 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19li0 112.7 lilt. 8 116 .9 98.2 96.lt 101.9 103.7 19U1 122.0 120.1 12lt.l 101.6 98.3 98.lt 101.7 1942 127-1* 126.0 lltl.O 101.1 90.lt 98.9 110.7 19U3 120.8 litl.l l60.lt 85.6 75.3 116.8 132.8 19iUt lilt. 8 127.6 Ht5-7 90.0 78.8 111.1 126.9 191*5 100.6 111.7 127.9 90.1 78.7 1 1 1 .0 127.1 19U6 90.9 119.6 128.9 76.0 70.5 13 1.6 litl.8 19^7 103.7 127.0 135.5 81.7 76.5 122.5 130.7 19U8 103.lt 117.6 125.7 87.8 82.3 113.9 121.6 191*9 101.2 111.0 118.7 91.2 85.3 109.7 117.3 1950 107.lt 105.5 113.lt 101.8 91*.7 98.2 105.6 n a - Not available 91 .it 26 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd 193 ? - 100 O u tput per — Employee Man-hour Production Year (energy Employees Man-hours distributed) unit III. 1. Unit Labor Requirements Employees Man-hours per per unit PUBLIC UTILITIES Electric Light and Power Industry 1917 19.7 38.9 1*5.7 50.6 1*3.1 1918 na na na na 1919 na na na 1920 27.2 na 1921 25*6 1922 197.5 232.0 na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 30.0 56.1 65.2 53*5 1*6.0 I87.O 217.3 1923 36.1* 61.9 71.1* 58.8 51.0 170.1 196.2 1921* 1*0.0 70.5 81.5 56.7 1*9.1 176.3 203.8 1925 1*6.1 79.1 91.5 58.3 50.1* 171.6 198.5 1926 52.9 88.1 99.7 60.0 53.1 166.5 188.5 1927 58.8 96.7 111.6 60.8 52.7 161*. 5 189.8 1928 61*.5 na na na na na 1929 71.9 112.3 133-0 6i*.0 51*.1 156.2 185.0 1930 70.1* 117.9 11*0.5 59.7 50.1 167.5 199.6 1931 67.2 108.3 129.1* 62.0 51.9 161.2 192.6 1932 60.3 93.1 103.1* 61*.8 58.3 151**1* 171.5 1933 62.8 86.9 92.2 72.3 68.1 138.1* 11*6.8 193U 68.0 89.6 87.8 75.9 77.1* 131.8 129.1 n a - N o t available na 27 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont’d. 1939 “ 100 Output per — Year Production (energy Employee Employees Man-hour Man-hours distributed) III. 1. Unit Labor Requirements Man - h o u r 0 Employees per per unit unit PUBLIC UTILITIES Cont’d. Electric Light and Power Industry Cont’d. 1935 7U.8 91.1* 90.7 81.8 82.5 122.2 121.3 1936 86.6 97.1* 98.6 88.9 87.8 112.5 113.9 1937 91*.6 103.8 105.6 91.1 89.6 109.7 111.6 1938 90.2 100.5 101.3 89.8 89.0 111.1* 112.3 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19^0 111.1* 102.3 102.6 106.9 108.6 91.8 92.1 191*1 129.0 10ii.2 10i*.7 123.8 123.2 80.8 81.2 191*2 11*3-5 97.2 98.1* 11*7.6 ll*$.8 67.7 68.6 191*3 165.7 86.3 90.7 192.0 182.7 52.1 51*. 7 191*1* 172.1* 82.9 90.2 208.0 191.1 1*8.1 52.3 191*5 168.8 6U.2 92.5 200.$ 182.5 1*9.9 51*.8 191*6 167.8 99.1* 10l*.i* 168.8 160.7 59.2 62.2 191*7 189-9 107.2 113.7 177.1 I67.O 56.5 59.9 191*8 205.2 113.7 120.0 180.$ 171.0 55.1* 58.5 28 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LA30R REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd. 1939 “ 100 Year Revenue t rafflo (Freight and All h o u r l y basis employees Revenue Traffic per — Employee Man-hour Man-hours passenger) Unit Labor Requirements Employees Man-hours per unit of per unit of revenue revenue traffic III. 2. traffio PUBLIC UTILITIES Cont«d. Line-Haul Operating Railroads Industry 5/ a, (1 ) A ll Hourly B asis Employees Based on revenue t r a f f i c (f r e ig h t and passenger) 1935 81*.2 100.1* 96.1 83.9 87.6 119.2 ni*.i 1936 101.1* 108.3 108.1* 93.6 93.5 106.8 106.9 1937 108.2 113.5 113.6 95.3 95.2 10l*.9 105.0 1938 88.0 9it.6 92.9 93.0 91*.7 107.5 105.6 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19l*0 111.1 10l*.3 105.6 106.5 105.2 93-9 95.0 ifia 11*1.0 116.5 122.1 121.0 115.5 82.6 86.6 19l*2 196.5 130.6 11*0.8 150.5 139.6 66.5 71.7 19l*3 237.U 139.5 1570 170.2 150.9 58.8 66.3 19UU 2l*l*.0 H*5.7 161*. 7 167.5 11*8.1 59.7 67.5 19l*5 227.0 11*6.3 162.7 155.2 139.5 61*.1* 71.7 19i*6 189.8 139.5 11*7.0 136.1 129.1 73.5 77.1* 19i*7 197.1 138.8 11*6.0 11*2.0 135.0 70.1* 7U.1 19l*8 190.2 136.0 11*2.8 139.9 133.2 71.5 75.1 19L9 157.5 121.2 119.8 130.0 131.5 77.0 76.1 1950 172.1* 121*. 5 115.0 138.5 11*9.9 72.2 66.7 Formerly c a lle d "Steam R ailroad tra n s p o rta tio n " 29 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES C©nt*d. 1939 - 100 T « tr C a r-a ile s (F reig h t and passenger) A ll hourly b a sis esaptoyees III. 2. Carnal Is s per Enployee Men-hour ifea-hours PUBLIC UTILITIES Cont'd. Line-Haul Operating Railroads Industry ft# (2 ) U nit Labor Requireaents Ea ploys# s Man-hours por par e a r-a lle e a r-a lls All Sourly B a sis In ploys# s Cont'd. Cent9d* Based on e a r - a l l s s (f r e ig h t end passenger) 1535 89.1 100.1* 96.1 88.7 92.7 112.7 107.9 1936 101.2 108.3 108.1* 93.1* 93.1* 107.0 107.1 1937 106.2 113.5 113.6 93.6 93-5 106.9 107.0 1938 91.6 9l*.6 92.9 96.8 98.6 103.3 101.1* 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 191*0 108.2 10l*.3 105.6 103.7 102.5 96.1* 97.6 191a 127.2 116.5 122.1 109.2 10l*.2 91.6 96.0 191*2 153*0 130.6 li*0.8 117.2 108.7 85.1* 92.0 191*3 163.5 139.5 157-3 117.2 103.9 85.3 96.2 191*1* 166.6 11*5.7 161*. 7 111*.3 101.2 87.5 98.9 19U5 155.0 11*6.3 162.7 105.9 95.3 191*6 139.1* 139.5 11*7.0 99*9 91*.8 100.1 105.5 191*7 11*5.1* 138.8 11*6.0 10U.8 99 * 6 95.5 100.1* 19U8 11*2.2 136.0 11*2.8 10l*.6 99.6 95.6 100.1* 191*9 127.3 121.2 119.8 105.0 106,3 95.2 9l*.l 1950 133.9 121*. 5 115.0 107.6 116.1* 93.0 85.9 97472(5 0 — 51----5 91*.1* 105.0 30 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd. 1939 " 100 Tear Revenue ton -m iles of fr e ig h t Road fr e ig h t employees h i 2. Mea-houre Revenue Ton-miles o f F re ig h t per — Employee Man-hour .. PUBLIC UTILITIES Cont'd. Line-Haul Operating Railroads Industry b. (i) f a i t Labor Requirements Employees Man-hours p er revenue per revenue ton-m ile ton-m ile of fre ig it o f fr e ig h t Cont'd. Roa d Freight Employees Bas e d on revenue ton-miles of freight 6/ 1935 8i*.6 100.0 97.1 81*.6 87.1 118.2 111*. 8 1936 101.7 109.9 113.5 92.5 89.6 108.1 111.6 1937 108.2 111*. 5 115.7 9l*.5 93.5 105.8 106.9 1938 87.0 96.6 93.2 90.1 930 111.0 107.1 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19l*0 113^9 105.1 108.2 106.5 103.1* 93.9 96.7 191*1 11*2.$ 119.3 131.1* 119.1* 108.1* 83.7 92.2 191*2 191.1* 139.1* 166.3 137.3 115.1 72.8 86.9 191*3 218.0 11*8.3 181.6 11*7.0 120.0 68.0 83.3 191*1* 221.2 11*8.0 I83.6 11*9.5 120.5 66.9 83.O 191*5 201*.1 il*i*.5 17U.5 11*1.2 117.0 70.8 85.5 191*6 177.5 136.0 i5i*.o 130.5 115.3 76.6 86.8 19l*7 196.3 138.2 160.3 11*2.0 122.5 70.1* 8I.7 191*8 191.3 133.2 151.9 11*3*6 125.9 69.6 79.1* 191*9 157.9 111*.3 123.7 138.1 127.8 72.1* 78.3 1950 176.5 111*. 8 130.3 153.7 135.5 65.0 73.8 £/ A ton-*lie represents the transportation of one ton of freight for the distanee of one mile. Revenue ton-miles o f freight represents the total of the produets derived b y m u l t i p l y i n g the weight o f individual shipments and the distance the respective shipments are oarried: /l .e« ^ (tons x m i l e s ) J 31 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd. 1939 “ 100 Year F r e ig h ttr a in e a r-w ile s Road fre ig h t employees h i 2. Man-hours . F re ig h t-tr a in Car-m iles per — Employee Man-hour PUBLIC UTILTIES Cent'd. Line-Haul Operating Railreads Industry * Road Freig h t Employees (2 ) Unit Labor Requirements Man-hours Employees per per f r e ig h t f r e ig h t tr a in tr a in car-m ile ear-m ile Cent'd. Cont'd, Based on f r e ig h t-tr a in e a r•*l i e s 2/ 1935 88.8 100.0 97.1 88.8 91.5 112.6 109.3 1936 101.6 109.9 113.5 92.t 89.5 108.2 111.7 1937 106.6 111*. 5 115.7 93.1 92.1 107. t 108.5 1938 90.7 96.6 93.2 93.9 97.3 106.5 102.8 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19t0 109.1 105.1 108.2 103.8 100.8 96.3 99.2 i9ti 129.8 119.3 131. t 108.8 98.8 91.9 101.2 19t2 156.6 139.1* 166.3 112.3 9t.2 89.0 106.2 19t3 165.6 11*8.3 181.6 111.7 91.2 89.6 109.7 19 kh 168.0 11*8.0 183.6 113.5 91.5 88.1 109.3 19t5 151*.t ll»l*.5 17t*5 106.9 88.5 93.6 113.0 19t6 138.6 136.0 l5t.o 101.9 90.0 98.1 111.1 19t7 11*7.7 138.2 160.3 106.9 92.1. 93.6 108.5 19t8 11*1*.2 133.2 151.9 IO8.3 9t.9 92.t 105.3 191*9 128.3 lit. 3 123.7 112.2 IO3.8 89.1 96.t 1950 136.3 lit. 8 130.3 118.7 10t* 6 6t.2 95.6 2/ * f r e ig h t -tr a in ear-m ile rep resen ts th e movement o f one f r e ig h t e a r one Mile* F re ig h t* tr a in o ar-m iIts rep resen ts the t o t a l o f th e d lstan ees tra v e le d by the individual fre ig h t e a r s , loaded and empty* 32 IND E X E S OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, M A N - H O U R S PRODUCTIVITY, A N D U N I T L A B O R REQU I R E M E N T S IN S E L E C T E D IND U S T R I E S Cont»d. 1939 “ 100 Tear Revenue passenger m iles Road Man-hours passenger employees in . 2. PUBLIC UTILITIES Cont'd. Line-Haul Operating Railroads Industry o* (1) Unit Labor Requirements Employees Man-hours p sr revenue p er revenue passenger passenger mile a lls Revenue Passenger M iles per — Employee Maa-hcur Cont'd. R o a d Passenger Employees Based on revenue passenger m iles 8/ 1935 81.6 100.2 101.3 81.1* 80.6 122.8 12l*.l 1936 98.9 101*.o 107.2 95.1 92.3 105.2 108.1* 1937 108.8 107.5 109.7 101.2 99.2 98.8 100.8 1938 95*5 101.3 102.1 9l*.3 93.5 106.1 106.9 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19i*0 10li. 9 100.1 99.7 lOli.8 105.2 95.1* 95.0 19U. 129.6 101.7 103-5 127.1* 125.2 78.5 79.9 19 h2 236.9 108.0 119.7 219.1* 197.9 1*5.6 50.5 191*3 387.7 117.1* 138.5 330.2 279.9 30.3 35.7 19hh 1*21.8 121.7 .11*8.6 31*6.6 263.8 28.9 35.2 19U5 1*01*.9 123.6 152.1 327.6 266.2 30.5 37.6 191*6 285.6 121.3 137.2 235.1* 208.2 1*2,5 1*8.0 19U7 202.7 llii.0 123.7 177.8 163.9 56.2 61.0 191*8 181.8 111.1* 121.7 163.2 ll*9.1* 61.3 66.9 1 9k9 151*. 9 I0i*.5 113.9 11*8.2 136.0 67.5 73.5 1950 11*0.2 99.1 108.8 11*1.5 128.9 70.7 77.6 8/ A passenger m i l # represents the transportation of one passenger for one mile* m iles represents the total of the distances respective passengers were carried* Revenue passenger- 33 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd. 1939 Yaar Passings r tra in ear-m ile* Road paasangar amployaaa h 2. Man-hours i . - 100 P assan g ar-train C a r -a ils 8 par — Employs# Man-hour PUBLIC UTILITIES Cent'd. Line-Haul Operating Railroads Industry 9 (2) . U nit Labor Raqulramants Employees Urn-hours par par p a ssa n g trpassan g a rtr a in tr a in oar-m ila oar-m ila Road Paasangar Employaas Cont'd. Cont’ de Basad on p assan g ar-train o ar-m ilas % / 1935 91.1 100.2 101.3 90.9 89.9 110.0 111.2 1936 98.1 101*.0 107.2 9l*-3 91.5 106.0 109.3 1937 103-5 107*5 109.7 96.3 9i*.3 103.9 106.0 1938 98.2 101.3 102.1 96.9 96.2 103.2 10l*.0 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19i<Q 101.2 100.1 99.7 101.1 101.5 98.9 98.5 19U1 108.3 101.7 103.5 106.5 10i*.6 93.9 95.6 191*2 126.0 108.0 119.7 116.7 105.3 85.7 95.0 191*3 11*8.0 117.1* 138.5 126.1 106.9 79.3 93.6 19U1* 156.6 121.7 11*8.6 128.7 105.1* 77.7 9k 9 191*5 159.6 123.6 152.1 129.1 10l*.9 77.1* 95.3 19lt6 il*5.o 121.3 137.2 119.5 105.7 83.7 9i*.6 19U7 128.2 lll*.0 123.7 112.5 103.6 88.9 96.5 191*8 127.1 111.1* 121.7 lli*.l iol*.l* 87.6 95.8 191*9 119.9 101*.$ 113.9 111*. 7 105.3 87.2 95.0 19^0 115.8 99.1 108.8 116.9 106.1* 85.6 9l*.0 . jj/ A pe«ssng*r-tr*in ear-aila represents th* voveeent of on* pas#«ng*r oar on* all*. Passengertraln ear-all*a repreaent* the total of the dletenees traveled by the Individual passenger ears. 3k INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd 1939 Tu p Production (Sorvleo rondorod In i i i m c i u n it*) Total •■plojtos III. 3- - 100 S*rvio* Rondorod p*r — Inployot M*n-hour lion-hours Unit Labor Roquirononto Employs* s iton-hours por w ilt of par unit of u n riu u rv ie t rondorod rondorod PUBLIC UTILITIES Cont'd. Telegraph Industry 19 35 92.2 10 6 .7 na 86.1* na 115 .7 na 1936 100.6 111*. 7 na 8 7 .7 na n l*.o na 1937 106.9 111*. 9 na 93.0 na 10 7 .5 na 1938 98.9 10 2 .5 na 96.5 na 10 3.6 na 1939 100.0 100.0 na 100.0 na 100.0 na 19^0 98.3 10 6 .3 na 9 2.5 na 10 8 .1 na 191*1 106.1* ill*. 5 na 92.9 na 10 7.6 na 191*2 11 2 .5 110 .9 na 101.1* na 98.6 na 19l*3 11 9 .1 110 . 1* na 10 7.9 na 92.7 na 191*1* 119 .9 10 7 .7 na 1 1 1.3 na 89.8 na 19l*5 12 5 .7 108.0 na 116.1* na 85.9 na 191*6 1 1 6 .2 106.0 na 109.6 na 9 1.2 na 19U7 1 1 9 .1 98.1* na 1 2 1 .0 na 82.6 na 191*8 107.1* 9 1.8 na 1 1 7 .0 na 85-5 na 191*9 99.3 81.1* na 12 2 .0 na 82.0 na 1950 98.8 7 3 .3 na 131*. 8 na 7l*. 2 na na - Not a v a ila b le 35 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd 1939 - 100 Year Production (Service rendered in sassage u n ite) Total employees in. i*. S ervice Rendered per — Esployee Man-hour Man-hours Unit Labor Requl resent* Esployees Man-hours per u n it o f per u n it o f s e rrie e s e rrie e rendered rendered PUBLIC UTILITIES Cont'd. Telephone Industry 19 35 82.6 93.0 93.7 88.8 88.2 1 1 2 .6 113.1* 1936 89.8 96.5 98.5 9 3 .1 9 1.2 10 7 .5 109-7 1937 9l*.0 10 3 .6 10 $. 8 90.7 86.8 11 0 .2 1 1 2 .6 1936 95-0 10 0 .7 10 2.9 91*. 3 92.3 106.0 10 8 .3 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 191*0 10 7-3 10 3 .3 10l*>2 10 3.9 10 3.0 96.3 9 7 .1 191*1 118.1* 1 1 5 .9 119 .0 10 2 .2 99-5 97.9 10 0 .$ 1 9l*2 126 . h 121*. 3 12 8 .7 1 0 1 .7 98.2 98.3 10 1.8 191*3 1 3 3 .7 12 7 .6 1 3 6 .$ 10i*.8 97.9 95.1* 10 2 .1 19l*U 136 .0 1 2 8 .1 13 8 .$ 10 7 .7 99.6 92.8 100.1* 191*5 ll*8.6 1 3 1*-5 1$0.1* 1 1 0 .$ 98.8 90.$ 10 1 .2 191*6 17U.2 17 2 .6 18 3 .7 100.9 91*. 8 9 9 .1 10 $. 5 191*7 18 7 .7 19 2.0 19 9 .7 97.8 9U. 0 10 2 .3 106.1* 191*8 200.3 202.6 211*. 6 98.9 93-3 10 1.1 10 7 .1 191*9 20$. 6 199. h 207.1* 1 0 3 .1 9 9 .1 97.0 100.9 1950 2 13 .8 191*. 7 201*. 6 109.8 101*.$ 9 1 .1 9 $.7 36 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LAEOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont«d. 1939 Yoar 100 fioploynont Pro duot ion IV. i. - Output p#r vorkor tfelit Labor Roqulroaonts Workort por unit AGRICULTURE United States as a Whole 1909 7 5 .5 113 .7 66. k 150 .6 1910 79.3 113 .1 7 0 .1 lk 2.6 19 11 8 2 .1 1 1 2 .1 7 3.2 13 6 .5 19 12 86.8 11 2 .1 7 7 .k 1 2 9 .1 19 13 8 1.2 1 1 2 .0 7 2 .5 13 7 .9 191k 88.7 111.7 7 9 .k 12 5 .9 19 15 85.9 11 1 .6 77.0 12 9 .9 19 16 8 2 .1 111.9 7 3 .k 13 6 .3 19 17 85.9 10 9.8 78.2 12 7 .8 1918 85-9 10 5 .7 8 1.3 1 2 3 .1 1919 8k. 0 10 3. k 8 1 .2 1 2 3 .1 1920 9 1.5 10 5.8 86.5 1 1 5 .6 19 2 1 78 .3 10 6 .3 7 3 .7 1 3 5 .8 1922 8k. 9 10 6 .5 79.7 12 5 .k 1923 86.8 106.0 8 1.9 12 2 .1 192k 88.7 10 5.8 83.8 1 1 9 .3 1925 9k.k 106.6 88.6 1 1 2 .9 1926 9 8 .1 10 7. k 91*3 10 9 .5 1927 9 2.5 10k. 7 88.3 113 .2 1928 97.2 10 5.9 9 1.8 109.0 1929 96.3 1 0 5 .1 9 1.6 10 9 .1 37 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd. 1939 - 100 Year Production IV. 1. finplo^ment Output par worker Unit Labor Roquireatnt* Worker3 par u n li AGRICULTURE Cont •d. United States as a Whole Cont'd. 1930 93-1* 10l*.0 89.8 n i .3 19 3 1 10 2.9 10 3.9 99.0 10 1.0 1932 96.3 1 0 3 .1 93.1* 1 0 7 .1 1933 9 1.5 10 2.6 69.2 n 2 .i 193U 77.1* 10 1.0 76.6 13 0 .5 1935 90.6 10 3 .6 87-5 ni*.3 1936 81*.0 10 2.9 8 1.6 1 2 2 .5 1937 106.8 10 1. U 10 5 .3 9l*.9 1936 98.3 10 0 .5 97-8 10 2 .2 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19U0 1 0 2 .1 99.6 10 2 .5 97.6 19l*l 10 3-7 97.U 10 6 .5 93.9 19i*2 115 .1 9 7.7 1 1 7 .8 61*. 9 191*3 11 1 .6 96.6 n5.5 86.6 191*1* 1 1 5 .6 91*. 3 12 2 .6 8 1.6 191*5 no.? 92.2 1 2 0 .1 8 3 .3 191*6 113 .7 91*. 6 12 0 .2 8 3 .2 191*7 1 1 0 .3 9 5.2 1 1 5 .9 86 .3 191*8 12 2 .9 91*. 5 1 3 0 .1 76.9 191*9 12 2 .9 9 1.8 13 3 .9 71*. 7 1950 115 .7 88.3 1 3 1 .0 76.3 9 7 4 7 2 6 0 — 51---- 6 38 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd. 1939 Year Production - 100 Output per Unit worker Labor Requirements Employment IV. AGRICULTURE Cont*d. 2. Agriculture by Areas Workers per unit ft* Com Art* 10/ 1935 83.6 10 3.2 85.9 116 .5 1936 77.0 10 1.6 75.8 13 1.9 1937 97.6 10 1.0 96.6 10 3.5 1938 95.8 10 1.6 91*. 3 10 6 .1 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19ii0 98.6 102.0 96.7 103.1* 19HL 10 5 .1 99.9 105.2 9 5 .1 19U2 1 1 3 .7 100.6 113 .0 88.5 191*3 1 1 2 .2 98.8 1 1 3 .6 88.1 19l*l* 109.7 9 7.1 1 1 3 .0 88.5 191*5 111.6 96.7 H 5.it 86.6 I9I46 116 .9 98.1* 118 .8 81*. 2 19U7 100.5 99.1 101.I* 98.6 19l*8 12 0 .1 98.7 1 2 1 .7 82.2 191*9 117.1* 9U.8 123.8 8O.7 1950 113.1* 91.9 123.1* 81.0 10/ Com araa Includes tha following State a : I llln o la , Indiana, Iowa, and Ohio 39 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd 1939 - 100 Yaar Production IV* 2. Output p*r worker Eaployaent AGRICULTURE Cont'd. Agriculture by Areas b. V olt U b o r Requlrcaonto Yorkers per u n it lu tm D airy Area Cont'd. 11/ 19 35 97.0 97.0 100.0 100.0 1936 92.7 96.5 9 6 .1 10l*.l 1937 100.6 96.6 10U .1 96.0 1938 99.U 98. h 10 1.0 99.0 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 I9I4O 1 0 1 .7 99.5 10 2 .2 97.8 19 1a 1 0 3 .1 9 7.3 106.0 9h.h 19ii2 109.9 98.6 111.5 89.7 19U3 10 3 .6 97.9 10 5.8 9U.5 19l*i* 10 8 .7 95.6 113 .7 87.9 19bS 108.0 95.li 113 .2 88.3 19U6 1 1 2 .9 96.2 117.U 85.2 19 hi 110 .0 96.2 lll i .3 8 7.5 19U6 113. u 9U.8 1 1 9 .6 83.6 19h9 116 .9 9li.l 121*. 2 80.5 1950 1 2 1 .1 92.7 130 .6 76.5 11/ Eaatam D airy Area lncluda* tho fo llo w in g Statest lfav Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania., and Vernont* Conneotlout, M assachusetts, INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd 1939 Tm r Pro duot ion “ 100 Output per worker B eplojaeat Unit Labor Requirements __________________________________ ___ _____________ _____________ 'WorS r i per w YT IV. 2# AGRICULTURE Cont‘d. Agriculture by Areas 0 * Western D airy Area ConVd# 12/ 1935 90.7 io$. 5 86.0 1 1 6 .3 1936 79.9 10 $ . 6 7 5 .7 13 2 .2 1937 9 3 .1 10 2.6 90.7 110 .2 1938 95.8 102.2 93-7 10 6 .7 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19l*0 10l*.l 100.8 10 3 .3 96.8 19 U 10l*.7 99.1* 10 5 .3 91*. 9 1 9 k2 llli.6 9 9 .2 ll$ .5 86.6 19l*3 111.$ 98.3 113.1* 88.2 19l*l* 1 1 2 .$ 96.8 1 1 6 .2 86.0 19U$ 116 .6 9U.2 12 3 .8 60.8 19U6 1 1 6 .7 96.8 12 0 .6 82.9 191*7 1 1 0 .3 96. 1* lll*.l* 87.1* 191*8 1 1 $ .6 9$.9 12 0 .$ 83.0 191*9 119 .9 93.6 12 8 .1 7 8 .1 1950 1 1 7 .0 90.6 1 2 9 .1 77.1* 12/ Western D airy Area in eludes the fo llo w in g States i Wisconsin* Michigan, Minnesota, and i* i INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd. 1939 Tear Production IV. 2. - 100 Output per eortoer Eaplojaent Obit Libor Requlresents Yorkers per unit AGRICULTURE Cont'd. Agriculture by Areas Cont'd. d. Eastern Cotton Area i y 1935 105.1* 10 6.7 98.8 10 1 .2 1936 10l*.8 1 0 5 .1 99.7 10 0 .3 1937 129.0 102.1* 126 .0 79.1* 1938 10 7 .2 99.2 10 8 .1 9 2.5 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19U0 105*9 97.9 10 8.2 92.1* 19 ia 90.9 9U.6 9 6 .1 lOlt.l 19U2 10 3 .7 96.7 10 7 .2 9 3.2 19it3 108.6 95.2 llii.l 8 7 .7 19l*l* 111.2 92.3 12 0 .5 83.O 19U5 108.1* 89.8 12 0 .7 82.8 191*6 10 3.8 90.6 111*. 6 8 7 .3 19U7 10 7 .7 9 2 .1 116 ,9 8 5-5 191*8 1 1 8 .3 9 1.2 12 9 .7 7 7 .1 19l*9 10 7.6 88.9 1 2 1 .0 82.6 1950 1 0 1 .5 8 3.2 12 2 .0 82.0 1 3 / Kartern Cotton Aron Include, tho following Statist South Carolina, Alikina, Ooorgla, and 1*2 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd. 1939 - 100 Tear Prodilation IV* 2. Output par worker fieplojnant (felt Labor Requlr«aent» 'Worker* par unit AGRICULTURE Cont'd. Agriculture by Areas Cont'd. *• Dolt* Cotton Area w 19 35 79.6 10l*.2 76.1* 130 .9 1936 98.6 10 3.6 95.2 10 $ .l 1937 130 .0 101*. 7 121*. 2 80.$ 1938 10 3 .3 1 0 1 .$ 10 1.8 98.3 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1 9 bO 92.3 10 0 .$ 9 1.8 108.9 19 la 95.8 9 8 .1 97.7 102.1* h2 109. 1* 9 5 .1 11$. 0 86.9 19U3 99.5 9l*.3 1 0 $ .$ 9l*.8 19U1a 10 3.2 90.2 lll*.l* 87.1* 1 9i*$ 9 2.5 86.3 10 7.2 93-3 19i*6 8 2.5 89.8 9 1.9 108.8 19U7 90.0 87.1* 10 3.0 9 7 .1 19U8 1 2 2 .2 8 7 .2 11*0.1 71.1* 19l*9 10 1.0 8$.9 1 1 7 .6 8$.0 1950 93.9 83.9 111.9 89.1* 19 14/ Salta Cotton Ar*a lnoludaa tho following State*: Mississippi. Arkansas,Louisiana, and U3 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd1939 Production Year 100 Output per worker Employment IV* 2. - AGRICULTURE Cont'd. Agriculture by Areas f. Unit Labor Requirement! Workers per un it Western Cotton Are* Cont'd. 15/ 1935 98.0 101.2 96.8 10 3 .3 1936 87.1* 101 . 1* 86.2 116 .0 1937 12 6 .2 99.9 12 6 .3 79.2 1938 1 0 5 .1 98.9 IO6.3 9l*.l 1939 100.0 1 0 0 .0 100.0 100.0 19l*0 115 .1 95.8 1 2 0 .1 8 3.2 191*1 10 7.0 93-9 lll*.0 87.8 191*2 116.1* 9 5.2 1 2 2 .3 8 1.8 19U3 10 7.8 9 2.5 1 1 6 .5 85.8 191*1* 111*. 3 89.2 1 2 8 .1 78.0 191*5 93.8 8 7 .1 10 7 .7 92.9 191*6 9 1.7 89.6 10 2 .3 97.7 191*7 110 .0 90.7 1 2 1 .3 8 2.5 19l*8 10 3 .5 90.5 lll*.l* 87.1* 191*9 11*2.0 86.2 161*. 7 60.7 1950 10 6 .2 8 1 .3 130 .6 76.6 15/ Western Cotton Area lnoludos the fo llo w in g S tate s s Oklahoma and Tons, i*i* INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd, 1939 Tiar " 100 Output pur uorkur Pruduetlun IV. 2. felt Labor SaquiraMati feorkuru pur unit AGRICULTURE Cont'd. Agriculture by Areas *• Shall Grain iroa Cont•d. 16/ 19 3$ 10 3 .2 10 $. 7 97.6 102.1* 1936 7 3 .3 10 3.8 70.6 11*1.6 1937 8 9 .1 98.9 9 0 .1 m .o 1938 10li.O 99.0 10 $ .l 95.2 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19iiO 1 1 3 .0 1 0 1 .2 111.7 89.6 1910. 133*1* 1 0 2 .1 1 3 0 .7 76 .5 19ii2 15 9 -3 10 2 .$ 155.1* 61*. 3 19U3 15 3 -3 10 1.6 150 .9 66.3 19UJ* l 6 l .£ 10 0 .1 1 6 1 .3 62.0 19U5 1 5 3 .2 98.3 15 5 .8 61*. 2 19i*6 ll*6 .1 10 1.9 ll*3»l* 69.7 19l*7 13 6 .5 10l*.2 13 2 .9 7 5.2 19l*8 153-0 10 2.0 150 .0 66.7 19U9 13 3 .0 96.3 13 8 .1 72.1* 1950 11*9.8 9 3.3 160.6 6 2 .3 16/ Sm I I Grain Araa inoludas tha fo llo w in g S tato ai North Dakota, and South Dakota. Kansas, Montana, Nabraaka, INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd 1939 Tour 100 Output pop worker Employment Production IV* 2. - AGRICULTURE Cont'd. Agriculture by Areas h« Obit Labor Requirements Workers per u n it Middle Eastern A m Cont• d. 22 / 19 35 89.2 10 7.0 83.U 120 .0 1936 8 2 .7 10 5 .5 78.U 1 2 1 .6 1937 10 2.8 10 3 .6 99.2 100.8 1938 9 2 .1 10 2.9 89.5 111.7 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19iiO 98.0 10 0.3 9 7.7 10 2 .3 19 ia 9 5.5 9 5 .7 99.8 100.2 19li2 105.il 95.3 1 10 .6 90.1; 19U3 99.6 95.0 10U.8 95.it 1 9 Uk 1 1 1.2 9 3.2 1 1 9 .3 83.8 19U5 10 8.9 90.5 12 0 .3 8 3 .1 19U6 119 .0 93.7 12 7 .0 78 .7 19U7 11U .9 9I1.1 12 2 .1 8 1.9 19U8 12 0 .7 9 3.3 129 . u 7 7 .3 1 9 k9 118 .1 9 1.2 12 9 .5 7 7 .2 1950 11U .6 8 7 .2 13 1.lt 7 6 .1 17/ Middle Eastern I r e * lneludee the follo w in g S tateet C aro lin a , Tennessee, V irg in ia , and Vest V ir g in ia , Kentucky, Maryland, North INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd 1939 Year 2. 100 Output per worker Efcplopnent Production IV. - Unit Labor Requireaent# Workers per u n i? AGRICULTURE Cont ‘ d. Agriculture by Areas i* Rtngo Aron Cont1d. 18 / 19 35 9 1 .1 10 6.7 85.1* 1 1 7 .1 1936 9 6 .1 10 9.2 88.0 1 1 3 .6 1937 1 0 5 .1 106.0 99.2 100.9 1938 1 0 5 .1 101.1* IO3.6 96.5 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19ii0 10 7.8 9 5.7 1 1 2 .6 88.8 191*1 1 19 .9 99.6 120.1* 8 3 .1 1 9 h2 12 2 .8 99.3 1 2 3 .7 80.9 19U3 12 2 .1 98.9 1 2 3 .5 8 1.0 19U1* 1 2 1 .3 96.1* 12 5 .8 79.5 19U5 12 0 .5 95.0 126 .8 78.8 19 16 1 1 9 .2 95.0 1 2 5 .5 79.7 191*7 12 8 .5 9 7.5 1 3 1 .8 75.9 191*8 130.1* 9 7.5 1 3 3 .7 71*. 8 191*9 11*2.6 9 7 .1 11*6.9 6 8 .1 1950 129.1* 93.9 13 7 .8 72.6 18/ Rang* Ama lneludas the follow in g S ta ta s : Otah, and Wyoalng. Arizona, Colorado, Nawada, Haw Uazleo, 1*7 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd 1939 Year 10 0 Output per worker Enplojment Production fa it Labor Requirements Yorkers per u n it A G R I C U L T U R E Cont'd. IV* 2. “ Agriculture by Areas J* Cont'd. Horthwosteni Area W 1935 95.0 9l*. 8 100.2 99.8 1936 95.0 96.1* 98.5 1 0 1 .5 19 37 98.8 93.8 10 5 .3 9i*.9 1938 100.9 95.8 10 5 .3 9i*.9 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19l*0 10 3 .5 98.1* 10 5.2 9 5 .1 191*1 109.8 97.6 1 1 2 .3 8 9 .1 191*2 1 1 2 .0 9 9 .1 1 1 3 .0 88.5 19U3 1 1 2 .0 9 8 .1 111*. 2 87.6 1914* 115 .3 98.1* 117 .2 8 5 .3 191*5 113 .7 96.9 117 0 85.2 191*6 116 .6 98.7 1 18.1 81*.6 191*7 1 1 2 .6 10 0 .3 1 1 2 .5 88.9 191*8 1 1 2 .8 98.1* 111*.6 8 7.2 191*9 1 1 2 .9 9 3 .1 12 1.3 8 2 .5 1950 111*. 7 90.3 12 7 .0 78.7 19/ Northwestern Area Includes the fo llo w in g S ta te st Washington. Idaho, Oregon, and 1+8 INDEXES OF PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT, MAN-HOURS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND UNIT LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Cont'd, 1939 « 100 Yoar Produotloa frplojnant Output per a orkar Chit Labor Requirements W o rkers per unii IV. 2. AGRICULTURE Cont •d. Agriculture by Areas k* Cont'd. California 1935 85.9 91+.9 90.$ 1 1 0 .$ 1936 88.0 95.2 92.1+ 10 8.2 1937 103*7 99.7 10 1.0 9 6 .1 1938 97.2 99.1+ 97.8 10 2 .3 1939 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19 UO 10 1.9 97.0 10 $. 1 95.2 19kl 10 2.6 10 0 .3 10 2 .3 97.8 191+2 10 3.9 10 3 .7 100.2 99.8 191+3 10 8.2 10 $.0 10 3.0 97.0 191+1+ 1 1 3 .8 10$ .1* 106.0 92.6 19U5 11$. 6 10 $. 1+ 10 9 .7 9 1.2 191*6 1 2 5 .3 10 5 .7 118 .$ 81*. 1+ 191+7 12 6 .$ 109.0 11 6 .1 86.2 191+8 1 2 6 .1 110 .0 111+.6 8 7.2 191+9 13 5 .1 109.1+ 1 2 3 .5 8 1.0 1950 1 3 2 .7 101+.7 12 6 .7 78.9 *9 T E C H N I C A L N O T E S GENERAL The material in this publication is a summary of the statistics in the individual reports issued regularly by the Bureau's Branch of General Productivity Measurements of the Division of Productivity and Technological Develop ments. For more detailed statistics and information on the methods of computing these Indexes, as veil as for analyses of the factors causing the changes in productivity, see the individual industry reports. In general the following procedures were used in compiling these series: The production indexes were computed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from data furnished by other government and private agencies mentioned below. The production worker employment indexes are based on series compiled by the Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. These production worker indexes are derived from a sample showing the percent change for identical establishments in overlapping two-month periods. They generally cover only production and related workers and exclude salaried officers, superintendents, other supervisory employees, and professional and technical employees. The man-hour indexes were computed from the employment Indexes and the corresponding BIS series on average weekly hours. The production and employment Indexes for the manufacturing industries have for the most part been adjusted to the levels indicated by the 1939 and 19^7 Census of Manufactures. Any deviations from the above procedures are noted in the technical note for the respective industry. The indexes of man-hours per unit and production workers per unit were obtained by dividing the indexes of man-hours and employment, respectively, by the appropriate production measure. Unless a statement to the contrary is Biade below, the data used to compute the Indexes of man-hours and unit man-hour requirements include man-hours paid for but not worked — vacations, call-ins, etc. It is not possible to eliminate from these indexes the effect of changes in the proportion such man-hours bear to total man-hours, but it is probable that the necessary adjustment would be small. It is inappropriate to combine the Indexes for the various manufacturing industries to obtain a series for "all manufacturing," since data for a number of basic industries are not now available. MANUFACTURING 5 * Beet Sugar Industry (S.I.C. Industry No. 2063) The indexes for the beet sugar industry are on a fiscal-year basis (March through February) in order to in clude a complete production cycle for each 12-month period. Production The sugar production index is compiled from data for the aggregate output of beet sugar, raw value, obtained from the monthly "Sugar Statistics" releases compiled by the Production and Marketing Administration of the United States Department of Agriculture from reports received from sugar beet processors. Molasses and beet pulp are excluded from the index. Their omission from the index is probably of little significance since the production of beet sugar and of sugar byproducts is essentially a joint operation and the additional labor needed to process the byproducts is relatively small. The beets sliced index is based on a special series representing total tonnage sliced in each fiscal year. The series is derived from Produc tion and Marketing Administration crop year data which have been adjusted to coincide with the sugar production series by trans ferring the crop from the Imperial Valley of California from the year in which it is planted to the year in which it is harvested Canning and Preserving Industries Group (S.I.C. Industry Nos. 2031T 2032, 2033 (including canned poultry products from S .I .C . 2015), 203^, 2035, and 2037) Production For the production index the products of the various canning and preserving industries have been combined into two major components: (a) canned, preserved, and frozen fr u its and vegetables and (b) canned and cured fis h . The production index is an arithmetic mean, with 1939 man-hour weights, of the production indexes fo r the two components. The index fo r canned, preserved, and frozen fr u its and vegetables fo r 1939-50 is a weighted arithmetic mean of indexes fo r: ( l) canned and dried fr u its euid vegetables; (2) preserves, jams, je l l i e s , and fr u it bu tters; (3) salad dressing; and (^) quick frozen fr u it s and vegetables. Weights used to combine the four series are 1939 employment as report ed in the 1939 Census. 51 The production index fo r canned and dried fr u its and vegetables fo r 1939-^5 i s based on the output of 36 canned fr u its and vegetables, soups, and 6 dried f r u i t s ; fo r 19^5-^9 on 33 canned fr u its and vegetables and 6 dried fr u it s . The 1950 figure is based on preliminary data fo r 32 canned fr u its and vegetables and 6 dried fr u it s . The output of fr u its and vegetables is measured in cases; production of dried fr u its is measured in pounds. These quantities are weighted by estimates of 1939 unit values added by manufac ture derived from the 1939 Census of Manufactures. Annual data were obtained from the United States Department of Agriculture, United States Department of Commerce, and the National Canners Association. The production index fo r preserves, jams, and j e l l i e s is based on unweighted production data, measured in millions of cases, as reported in Western Canner and Packer magazine. The production index fo r salad dressing is an unweighted measure based on s t a t is t ic s on the number of gallons produced. The s t a t is t ic s were obtained from the United States Department of Commerce fo r the years 1939-^9 and from Western Canner and Packer fo r 1950. The index fo r quick frozen foods is based on the commercial pack of 23 products combined with I9I& unit-valueadded weights. Production data (expressed in pounds) are from Western Canner and Packer and from figures published by the National Association of Frozen Food Packers. For canned and cured fish the production index fo r the period 1939-^9 was derived from production s t a t is t ic s of the Fish and W ildlife Service of the United States Department of In terio r, fo r 8 canned seafood products (measured in standard cases) weighted with l$kM- unit labor costs. For 1950, 7 products were used. Cement Industry (S .I .C . Industry No. 32^-1) Production The production index for 1939-^9 Is based on four series, three representing successive stages in the production and shipment of Portland cement — production of Portland cement clinker, production of finished Portland cement, and shipment of Portland cement — and a fourth series for the output of finished masonry, natural and puzzolan cement. The 1950 production figure was estimated from data for Portland cement only. The three Portland cement series were by the estimated proportion of to ta l labor consumed operation associated with each series — production clinker, including quarrying; clinker grinding; and and loading cement. weighted in the of bagging Man-hours The index of man-hours fo r 1939-^9 is based on a series of Employment and In ju ries in Mineral Industries published in the Minerals Yearbook. The Bureau of Mines preliminary estimate was used fo r 1950. Adjustment to the I9V7 Census S t a t is t ic s on production have not been adjusted to the leve ls shown in the 1939 and 19^7 Census of Manufactures because the Bureau of the Census did not co lle ct commodity s t a t is t ic s on cement in 1939« No adjustment was made in the labor data because the Census and Bureau of Mines series are not comparable. The Hydraulic Cement Industry, as defined in the Census, excludes quarries connected with cement m ills, whereas the Bureau of Mines data, on which the BLS series is based, includes labor employed in quarries connected with cement plants. Clay Construction Products Industries Group ( S .I .C . Industry NoS. 3251 and 325^) Production The production index fo r the group is a harmonic mean of separate production indexes fo r the Brick and Hollow Structural T ile Industry and the Clay Sewer Pipe and Kindred Products Industry, weighted with current year man-hours. The index fo r the brick and hollow t i l e segment fo r 1939-^6 is based on quantity s t a t is t ic s fo r 6 product classe s, weighted with 1939 unit values. The product classes are unglazed b rick , glazed brick, glazed hollow facing t i l e , unglazed hollow facing t i l e and v it r if ie d paving b rick , measured in thousands of ’units; and unglazed structured t i l e , measured in short tons. The index fo r 19^7-50 excludes v it r if ie d paving b rick, fo r which data were not available, and glazed b rick , production of which was v ir tu a lly discontinued. Except fo r February 19 ^ 1 — Sepi tember 19^2, the index was constructed from production data published by the Bureau of the Census in the Census of Manufactures, 1939; the Annual Census: 19^0, Clay Products (including Pottery and Porcelain Ware), Nonclay R efractories, 53 and Sand F ire Brick; and the monthly Facta fo r Industry se ries, Clay Construction Products. For February 19^1 September 19^2, production was estimated from data on monthly shipments and stocks published in the Current S t a t is t ic a l Service by the Bureau of the Census fo r a sample of id en tical plants in overlapping 2-month in te rv a ls. The index fo r the sewer pipe component is based on unweighted production data fo r tonnage of sewer pipe produced. The sources of data fo r sewer pipe fo r 1939> 19^0, and 19^3 through I9U8 sure the same as those fo r the brick industry. The index fo r 19 ^ 1 and 19^2 was completed by means of estimates furnished by the Department of Commerce and the C iv ilia n Production Administration. Employment and Man-Hours The indexes of employment and man-hours fo r the group fo r years prior to 19^7 are based on to ta ls derived from unpublished BLS series fo r the brick and the sewer pipe industries. Adequate employment series fo r the individual industries fo r the years between 1939 and 19^7 are not availab le. Beginning with 19^7, the em p lo y m e n t series fo r the group and fo r the two industries are the regularly published BLS series. Coke Industries Group ( S .I .C . Industry Nos . 2 9 31 and 2932) Production The production index fo r the coke group is a harmonic mean, with changing man-hour weights, of the production Indexes fo r the Beehive Coke Ovens Industry and the Byproduct Coke Ovens Industry. The production measure fo r beehive coke fo r 1939-^9 was derived from aggregates fo r the quantities of coke produced and the coke equivalent of recovered breeze. The production index fo r byproduct coke was derived from aggregates fo r the quantities of coke produced and the coke equivalents of recovered coke-oven gas, ta r, and lig h t o il. The man-hour weights and the production s t a t is t ic s are based on data published by the Bureau of Mines in i t s annual report on Coke-Oven Accidents in the 54 United States and in the Minerals Yearbook. Data fo r 1950 are preliminary estimates of the Bureau of Mines. No adjustment to the Census of Manufactures has "been made fo r the product data, because commodity s t a t is t ic s on coke were not collected by the Bureau of Census fo r 1939* Employment and Man-Hours The employment indexes fo r the years 1939-49 fo r each industry and for the two industries combined are based on data fo r man sh ifts published by the Bureau of Mines. Data fo r 1950 are preliminary estimates of the Bureau of Mines. Condensed and Evaporated Milk Industry ( S .I .C . Industry No. 2023) 1/ Production The production index 1939-50 is based on s t a t i s t ic s compiled by the Bureau of A gricultu ral Economics and made available in the annual publication Production of Manufactured Dairy Products. Unweighted Indexes fo r the aggregate poundage of 2 major groups of products — liquid products and dry products — were combined with 1939 total, value weights derived from the Census of Manufactures, These 2 categories encompass 16 classes of products shown separately by BAE fo r 1939-42. Dry Ice cream mix, a new product f i r s t produced in sig n ifican t quantities in 1943 > was added to the dry-products group beginning with 1943. The annual production series fo r the condensed and evaporated milk industry was adjusted to levels in dicated by the Census of Manufactures fo r 1939 &ud 19^7• The levels were based on indexes of quantities "made in the industry" ( i . e . Census Industry No. 2023 and Census Industry No. 4023 leas flu id milk distribution) of three 1^/ The industry has been in te rp re te d as including the milk concen tr a tin g departments o f establishm ents engaged in the d istrib u tio n of flu id milk and oreara, as r e l l as establishm ents p rim arily engaged in manufactur ing concentrated milk products but not engaged in the d istrib u tio n o f flu id milk and cream* The BLS in d u stry , th e re f o re , is sim ilar to the I Census in d ustry ra th e r than the I U Census industry* 97 939 55 groups of products — (1) liquid products: canned and bulk evaporated and condensed milk, (2) dried products and (3) ice cream ml* and ice milk mix — each weighted with 1939 total values. (Because a considerable amount of condensed and evaporated milk is made in establish ments classified in other industries, in order to insure greater comparability between the production, production worker and man-hour series, only the quantity "made in the industry" was used.) For the 19^7 Census adjustment, the quantity "made in the industry" was estimated as follows: (1) For each of the three product groups, the percentage of the value of product "made in the industry" to the total "wherever made" was computed from published Census figures. (2) These percentages were applied to the group totals for quantity "wherever made." The "whereever made" quantity figures are those published in the 19^7 Census of Manufactures with the exception of the bulk products of the liquid group. For the bulk products, Bureau of Agricultural Economics quantity figures were used because the Census quantity data contain duplication. For each of the three groups in 1939> produc tion in the industry was derived from data published in the 1939 Census of Manufactures volume with the exception of figures for the following constituent products which were estimated from unpublished data furnished by the Bureau of the Census: sweetened condensed milk case goods, condensed and evaporated buttermilk, and concen trated skim milk for animal feed. Because data were not available on the quantity of dried and powdered cream "made in the industry," the "wherever made" figures were used. Dry ice cream mix data for 1939 are available only in terms of value. This product was classified in the Special Dairy Products Industry in 1939> whereas in 19 ^7 , the product was reported in gallons and Included with liquid ice cream mix. An estimate of the 1939 production of dry ice cream mix (liquid equivalent) was made by dividing the value of dry ice cream mix by the 1939 unit value per pound of liquid ice cream mix "made in the industry" and applying a conversion factor of 9.1 pounds per gallon. Employment The employment series is that regularly published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The series was adjusted 56 to levels indicated by the 1939 and 19^7 Census of Manufactures after adjusting the 19^7 Census employ ment figures to make them comparable to those of the 1939 Census industry. The Condensed and Evaporated Milk Industry as published in the 1939 Census of Manufactures, included both condenseries which did not engage in the distribution of fluid milk and the condensery departments of establishments which engage in both the fluid milk and milk concentrating business. For the year 19^7 the Census Bureau published employment figures for two concentrated milk industries — Industry 2023, establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing concentrated milk products but not engaged in house-to-house distri bution of fluid milk and cream; and Industry 1023, condenseries which engaged in house-to-house distri bution in addition to manufacturing. The 19^7 production worker estimate is based on the assump tion that value per employee would be the same in condenseries which did not engage in fluid milk distribution (Census Industry 2023) and in concen trating departments of establishments which engaged in both the concentrated milk and fluid milk businesses (part of Census Industry 1023). To obtain a I9I7 estimate for production workers comparable to the figure for the 1939 industry, the 19l7 Census figure for value added by manufacture for establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing concentrated milk products, but not engaged in fluid milk distribution, plus the value added figure for the condensery departments of fluid milk distributors was divided by value added per employee for Census Industry 2023. Confectionery Industry (S.I.C. Industry Ho. 2071) Production The annual production indexes are based on data published in the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce's annual report, Confectionery Sales and Distribution, on pounds of candy sold by groups of identical establishments in overlapping 2-year periods. The annual data were adjusted to exclude package goods, bar goods, etc., made by establishments classified as chocolate and cocoa products manufacturers. The sample, however, does Include solid chocolate bars and similar Items (generally considered products of the Chocolate and Cocoa Products Industry) provided they are made by confectionery manufacturers. The products were grouped Into 8 product classes, weighted with their respective average unit sales values (dollar per pound) in 1939, and combined into an aggregative chain index of the physical volume of sales. The product classes are: plain and fancy package goods; solid chocolate and chocolate covered bulk confectionery; other bulk confectionery; molded chocolate candy bars; chocolate covered candy bars; other candy bars; 5 - ®uad 10 -cent packages; and penny goods. The index for 1950 is based on unweighted figures for total pounds of candy sold and is preliminary. The annual production series was adjusted to levels indicated by the 1939 and I9U7 Census of Manu factures for the above product classes, excluding solid chocolate bulk and bar goods. The product classes were weighted by their respective 1939 unit sales values. These classifications agree with those published in the 19^7 Census of Manufactures. The product breakdown in the 1939 Census, however, was not comparable and it was necessary to distribute the total poundage reported to the Census in 1939 on the basis of the ratios shown in the annual report, Confectionery Sales and Distribution. Flour and Other Grain-Ml1 1 Products Industry ( S .I .C . Industry No. 205TJ Production The production index is based on an unweighted series representing to ta l consumption of wheat ground fo r regular flo u r and fo r granular flo u r. Bata are from the Bureau of the Census Facts fo r Industry series M16A, Flour M illin g Products. The reported figu res on wheat ground fo r regular flo u r have been adjusted to represent complete coverage by the Bureau of the Census in cooperation with the Depart ment of A gricu ltu re. Data on wheat ground fo r granular flo u r cover only the reporting m ills, but since most granular flo u r has been produced in the larger m ills which report to the Census regu larly, the data may be 58 accepted aa complete. Granular flour was made In sig nificant quantities only during the years 19^3 through 19^5. Although the production measure does not Include grains other than wheat, the proportion of wheat to all grains has been extremely stable In the past. Therefore, it can be assumed that the trend of wheat millings ade quately represents the trend for all millings. Glass Containers Industry (S.I.C. Industry No. 3221) Production The production index for containers is based upon the following 9 classes of products, combined with 1939 unit-value weights: narrow neck, food; wide mouth, food; pressed food ware (includes packers' tumblers and domestic fruit jars and jelly glasses); beverage bottles (nonalcoholic pressure and nonpressure ware); beer bottles (returnable and nonreturnable); liquors (includes wines and cordials); medicinal and toiletry containers; general purpose containers (chemical, household, and industrial); and milk bottles. The production data for containers for 1939-^5 are from unpublished records available at the Department of Commerce. Beginning with I9U5 , the data are from the Census Bureau Facts for Industry series, Glass Containers. For the period 19M*1*9, production data for ^ classes of products (narrow neck, food; wide mouth, food; medicinal and toiletry; and general purpose) were estimated from the total production for the major classes "narrow neck, general use" and "wide mouth, general use" and the distribution of shipments among the classes of products included in these categories. Beginning with 1950, the production data for 2 classes of products (wide mouth, food; and pressed food ware) were combined. Employment and Man-Hours The labor series were derived for 1939 and from a special tabulation of data available in the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Interpolated for 19^0 by the use of the published series for the glass products group which includes the tableware component. The labor data for 19^7-50 Is that regularly published by BLS. 19 ^1-^7 Hosiery Industries Group (S.I.C. Industry Nos. 2251 and 2252) Production The production index for total hosiery is a harmonic mean of production measures for full-fashioned and seamless hosiery weighted with current year man hours in each industry. The production series for each of the two branches of the hosiery industry were adjust ed to levels indicated by the Census of Manufactures, 1939 and 19^7. The production index for full-fashioned hosiery is based on the unweighted aggregate output of women's full-fashioned hose. No account was taken of, nor was adjustment made for, changes in the materials used or changes in the construction of full-fashioned hosiery, such as variations in the weight of y a m s used or the number of threads per inch. The index of production for the seamless industry was derived from production data for four product groups weighted with estimates of labor cost per unit in 19^. The four product groups included in the production measure are: women's seamless (includ ing misses' ribbed hose); cotton and woolen bundle goods; men's socks (including men’s seamless half-hose, slack socks, crew socks, and athletic socks); anklets, and children's and infants' socks, and hose (including men' 8, women's, children's, infants' anklets; women's slack and crew socks; boys', missee', and children's seamless hose, slack socks and crew socks; and infants' seamless hose and anklets). The weights were obtained from unpublished data of the Office of Price Adminis tration on total labor cost (direct and indirect) per pair in a sample of companies manufacturing cotton seamless hosiery. Production data for both full-fashioned and seamless hosiery were obtained for the years 1939-50 from annual reports compiled and published by the National Association of Hosiery Manufactures. The Association statistics are based on reports received from mills representing approximately 80 percent of the industry; the data for the remainder are estimated by the Association. 60 Employment and Man-Hours The production worker employment Index for total hosiery Is based on the currently published series of the Bureau of Labor Statistics adjusted to levels In dicated by the Census of Manufactures in 1939 and 19 kj. Production worker employment for full-fashioned hosiery and seamless hosiery was estimated from the Bureau's adjusted employment total for both Industries and the percentage of employment In each branch as shown by statistics of the National Association of Hosiery Manufacturers in Condensed Hosiery Statistics. The man-hour Indexes were computed from the employment series and the BLS figures on average weekly hours. Average weekly hours data are available for total hosiery in all years, but for Individual industries these data are not available for the years 19*4-0 and 19* 41. Ice Cream Industry 2/ Production The production Index for 1939-50 Is an un weighted measure based on total gallons of ice cream and sherbet produced at wholesale. The index for 1950 is a preliminary estimate. The production data are compiled by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics and published annually in Manufactured Dairy Products. For wholesale and retail ice cream production BAE publishes data separately, but shows only the total for sherbet production. Sherbet produced at wholesale was estimated on the assumption that the proportion so produced was the same as for ice cream. 2/ The lee oream Industry as defined here eon form 3 with the l y 39 Census o f Manufactures d e fin itio n fo r the ice oream industry which in cluded establishments p rim arily engaged in the manufacture o f ice cream, ic e s , and other frozen d e sserts including the ice oream manufacturing f a c i l i t i e s o f establishm ents engaged in the d istrib u tio n o f f lu id milk and cream, (The I939 Census industry did not inolude employees assigned by these establishm ents to the d istrib u tio n o f f lu id milk*) In contrast the d e fin itio n used in the I9U7 Census and SIC Industry Number 202*+ excludes the loe oream made by establishm ents engaged in flu id m ilk and oream d istrib u tio n and the employees assigned by these establishm ents to the manufacture o f loe oream. The annual production series vas adjusted to levels Indicated, by the 1939 and 19^7 Census of Manu factures, for ice cream "made in the industry7” The quantity "made in the industry" in 19^7 vas estimated by dividing the total value of ice cream made by establishments which were primarily ice cream producers, but were not engaged in fluid milk distribution (i.e. Industry 202h), and the value of ice cream made by fluid milk distributors (Census Industry UQ2U) by the average unit value (per gallon) of ice cream made in all industries. Employment The production worker index regularly published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics is used as an Indicator of year-to-year trends in employment. The BLS production worker Indexes are usually adjusted to the levels of pro duction worker employment indicated by the 1939 and 19^7 Census of Manufactures. The production worker figures in the two Censuses, however, are not entirely comparable for the Ice Cream Industry due to some differences in the reporting of distribution workers to the Census. For ice cream, therefore, it was necessary to use Census figures for total employees in order to adjust the BIS production worker index for trend between 1939 and 19 ^7 . The use of Census total employee figures to adjust the BLS production worker trend from 1939 to 19^7 has the effect of assinning that the ratio of production workers to all other employees did not change between 1939 and 19U7. The Census Bureau did not publish comparable figu res fo r to ta l employees in 1939 and 19^7 because of changes in the Industry d efin itio n caused by the r e c la s s i fica tio n of establishments engaged in both the production o f ice cream and the d istrib u tion of flu id milk and cream. The "to ta l employee" fig u re s, therefore, had to be estimated from the Census data as follow s: The 1939 employment le v e l is based on the figu re published in the 1939 Census of Manufactures volume le ss 306 employees. This adjustment was made to exclude 268 production workers and an estimated 38 nonproduction workers employed by establishments that were primarily retail ice cream stores The I9V 7 "total employee" estimate is based on the assump tion that value added per employee would be the same in both establishments primarily engaged in ice cream production, but not in flu id milk distribution ( S .I .C . Industry 202k), and in the ice cream manufacturing departments of flu id milk d istrib u to rs. The published Census figure fo r value added by manufacturer fo r establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing ice cream but not engaged in milk distribution plus the value-added figure for the ice cream departments of flu id milk distributors was divided by value added per employee fo r Industry 2024 to arrive at the 19^7 estimate of to ta l employees. Malt Liquors Industry ( S .I .C . Industry No. 2082) Production The production index is based on the production (measured in barrels) of two types of fermented malt liquor packs — case goods, and barrels and kegs - combined with I9V7 unit value weights derived from the Census of Manufactures. The data are taken from Annual Reports of the Commissioner of Internal ’Revenue. The Bureau of Internal Revenue publishes only a to tal figure fo r production but gives separate figures fo r "tax paid withdrawals" of malt liquors in bottles and cans and in barrels and kegs. The production to ta l is prorated on the assumption that the ra tio of each class to the to ta l is the same fo r to ta l production as fo r tax paid withdrawals. For the years 1939~^9> tax paid withdrawals covered between 93 and 96 percent of to ta l production. Employment The production worker index regularly published by the Bureau of Labor S t a t is t ic s is used as an indicator fo r year-to-year trends in employment. The BLS production worker indexes are usually adjusted to the levels of production worker employment as indicated in the 1939 and 19^7 Census of Manufactures. The production worker figures in the two censuses, however, are not e n tirely comparable due to differences in the method of reporting distribution workers to the Census. For malt liquors, therefore, i t was necessary to use Census figures fo r to ta l employees to adjust the BLS production worker index fo r trend between 1939 and 63 and I9V7. The use of Census to ta l employee figures to adjust the BIS production worker series has the e ffe c t of assuming that the ra tio of production workers to a l l other employees did not change between 1939 and I9V7. To the extent that the proportion of production to nonproduction workers has increased (fo r example as a resu lt of the tran sfer of some of the distribution functions from the breweries to d istrib u to rs), the trend of output per employee is overstated. Paper and Pulp Industry ( S .I .C . Industry Nos. and 2613) 2 6 11, 2612, Production The production index is an arithmetic mean of the indexes fo r 2 components — (a) pulp and (b) paper and paperboard — weighted with 1939 re la tiv e man-hours fo r each industry. The indexes are based on data published in the Census Bureau Facts fo r Industry series and the Census of Manufactures. The pulp production index is composed of 6 classes of wood pulp — mechanical, unbleached s u lfite ; bleached s u lfite ; unbleached su lfa te ; bleached su lfa te; and soda — weighted with re la tiv e man-hours per ton in 19 35. The weights were computed by the National Research Project of the Works Progress Administration. The paper and paperboard production index includes 6 classes of paper — book paper, w riting paper, newsprint and sim ilar papers, tissu e, wrapping paper, and paperboard — weighted with re la tive man-hours per, ton. Labor require ments fo r book paper, w riting paper, newsprint and tissue paper, fo r unspecified dates in the early 19 3 0 's, were presented by J . P. Hagenauer in "Labor Cost of Production in the Paper and Pulp Industry," Paper Trade Journal, A p ril 2 5 , 1935> page 36. The requirement fo r wrapping paper is an average, weighted by 1929 production, of figures fo r Southern States from Hagenauer and fo r Northern States from C. W. Boyce, "Labor Costs and Value of Paper Produced," Paper M ill and Wood Pulp News, February 2 3, 19 35, page ^5^ The requirement fo r paperboard is the average of monthly figures fo r 1935 supplied by the National Paperboard Association. 6k The production indexes for each component vere adjusted separately to levels indicated by the 1939 and I9II7 Census of Manufactures. The Census adjustment fo r pulp was based on Census data fo r 8 classes of pulp (the 6 given above plus 2 miscellaneous classes) weighted with relative man-hour weights. The Census adjustment for paper was based on the 7 classes of paper (the 6 given above and building paper) weighted with the rela tive man-hour weights mentioned above. Primary Smelting and Refining of Nonferrous Metals Group (Copper, Lead! and Zinc) ( S .I .C . Industry Nos. 33 3 1, 3332, and 3333) Production The production index fo r 1939-50 is based on Bureau of Mines output s t a t is t ic s combined with 1939 unit-value-added weights. The weights were derived from the Census of Mineral Industries and Bureau of Mines data by subtracting estimates of before processing value per unit from the respective fin a l average price per unit. For the years 1939-^9, the index is based on production at copper, lead, and zinc primary smelters and re fin e rie s, of the following product classes: primary copper (smelter and refin ery production are treated separately), secondary refined primary lead, antimonial lead, secondary lead, primary zinc, re d is tille d secondary zinc, nickel, gold from ore, gold from concentrates, s ilv e r from ore, s ilv e r from concentrates, su lfu ric acid from blend, sulfu ric acid from su lfu r, su lfu ric acid from copper smelters, copper su lfate, and cadmium. The 1950 index is based on preliminary figures fo r primary refined copper, secondary copper, refined primary lead, antimonial lead, primary zinc, and secondary re d is tille d zinc. The production index was not adjusted to the levels of the 1939 an(l 19^7 Census of Manufactures, since the Census did not compile detailed production data in 1939Employment and Man-Hours The employment and man-hours series are based on unpublished Bureau of Labor S t a t is t ic s data fo r primary smelting and refining of copper, lead, and zinc, fo r the years prior to 19^7* The data fo r 19^7-50 ere those regularly published by BLS. Bayon and Other Synthetic Fibers Industry ( S .I .C . Industry No, 2925) Production The production index comprises two segments. The 1939-tO segment re fle c ts the trend fo r rayon output alone, the 19^0-50 segment is a harmonic mean of separate production indexes fo r rayon and nylon, weighted with estimates of to ta l man-hours required fo r each product class in each year. The index fo r the rayon component was constructed from production data fo r 5 denier groups of acetate yarn (87 denier and le ss, 8 8 -112 denier, 1 1 3 - 1 3 7 denier, 138 -16 2 denier, 163 denier and over); fo r 7 denier groups of viscose and cuprammonlum (the f i r s t t denier groups liste d fo r the acetate yams plus yam s of 163-37^ denier, 375-999 denier, and 1000 denier and over); and rayon staple fib e r. Each group was weighted with 1939 values. The production data fo r rayon are compiled by the T extile Economics Bureau Inc. and published in Bayon Organon. The nylon production index is prepared from confidential data fo r to ta l nylon yam and staple fib e r production. Tobacco Products Industries Group ( S .I .C . Industry Nos. ” 2 1 1 1 , 2 1 2 1 , “ and 2 1 3 l) Production The production index fo r the group is a harmonic mean of separate production indexes fo r the three major products — ( l ) cig a rs, (2) cigarettes, and (3) chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff. The separate indexes were weighted with estimates o f current year man-hours devoted to the manufacture of each product. The three component production indexes are based on unweighted series fo r the aggregate output of the following types of production ( l) large cigars, including large cigars made in bonded warehouses; (2) large and small cigarettes; and (3) chewing tobacco, smoking tobacco, and snuff. The production data were obtained fo r the years 1939-^9 from the annual reports of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. Preliminary data fo r 1950 were obtained from the Bureau of Internal Revenue. The current-year man-hour weights used in combining the three production indexes were derived as follows: man-hours fo r establishments c la s s ifie d in each of the three industries were obtained from the BIS series fo r employment and average weekly hours. The man-hour series fo r the Cigars Industry was used as weights fo r the cigar production index, since cigars account fo r v ir tu a lly the entire output of establishments c la s s ifie d in the Cigars Industry. The man-hours figure fo r the Cigarettes Industry had to be redistributed between "cig a re ttes" and "chewing and smoking tobacco and sn u ff," since a considerable quantity of chewing and smoking tobacco is made in the Cigarettes Industry. To estimate to ta l man-hours Involved in the manufacture of chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff, i t was assumed that the value of chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff produced per man-hour was the same for that part of the output made in the Cigarettes Industry as fo r the output made in the home industry. On the basis of 1939 and 19^7 Census of Manufactures data, the ra tio of the value of chewing tobacco, e t c ., made in the Cigarettes Industry to that made in the Chewing and Smoking Tobacco and Snuff Industry was computed fo r the two Census years. The ratio s were applied to the respective BIS aggregates fo r man-hours in the Cigarettes Industry to derive an estimate of man-hours devoted by the Cigarettes Industry to the manufacture of chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff. These estimates were sub tracted from the BLS aggregates fo r man-hours in the Cigarettes Industry and added to the BLS aggregates fo r man-hours in the Chewing and Smoking Tobacco and Snuff Industry. For other years, no information was available on either the quantity or the value of chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff made in the Cigarettes Industry. Ratios fo r intercensal years were arrived at by interpolating the differences between the 1939 and 19^7 ra tio s. For years a fte r 19^7, i t was assumed that the proportion of chewing tobacco (in terms of value) made in the C igarettes Industry remained the same as 19^7, and thus that the man-hours devoted to cheving tobacco production in the Cigarettes Industry remained a constant proportion of to ta l man-hours expended in the manufacture of cheving and smoking tobacco and snuff. The estimates of man hours devoted to each product are considered adequate fo r use as weights, hut may not be s u ffic ie n tly relia b le for the derivation of separate measures of output per man-hour for cigarettes and for cheving and smoking tobacco and snuff. MINING M i n i n g Ind u s t r i e s G r o u p The indexes beginning with 1935 cover the a c tiv it ie s of 6 of the Nation's principal mining a c t iv it ie s , which together employ between 85 and QO percent of a l l production workers in the mining group of industries. The a c tiv itie s included cover the mining of: bituminous coal; anthracite; copper; iron; lead and zinc; and the extraction of crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gasoline. Indexes fo r 5 of the 6 a c tiv it ie s are shown separately. The series fo r crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gasoline were not considered suitable for separate publication. The production index for this series was prepared from production data of the Bureau of Mines for annual out put of crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gasoline, liquefied petroleum gases, and other products (condensate kerosine, "sp ecial naptha," d is t illa t e fuel o il, e t c .) , weighted with estimated unit man-hour re quirements in 1939* T h e series f o r 19 15 -3 5 r e p r e s e n t a l m o s t a l l m i n i n g industries. T h e y are b a s e d o n a n index p r e p a r e d b y the N a t i o n a l B e s e a r c h P r o j e c t of the W o r k s P r o g r e s s Adm i n i s t r a t i o n . J/ T h e N R P Indexes, c o m p u t e d o n the b a s e 1929 = 100, h ave b e e n li n k e d to the BLS series. j/ Production, Employment and P ro d u ctivity In the Mineral E xtractive In d u strie s, lBHO-ldffl, Vivian 0 . Spencer. National Research P ro ject o f the Works Progress Adm inistration, June l^hOo 68 Production The production index fo r the mining group fo r 1935 to date, is a harmonic mean o f the production indexes fo r the 6 component segments weighted with current-year man-hours. The Index of usable ore was used to represent iron mining. The recoverable metal indexes, rather than those based on ore, were used fo r the nonferrous mines in constructing the group index. Employment The employment index fo r the years 1939 to date is based on to tals for the 6 component a c t iv it ie s . The 5 series fo r coal and ore mining were obtained from BIS data. The to ta ls fo r the crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gasoline series are based on data from the Census of Mineral Industries fo r 1939, Bureau of Mines fo r 19^0-hl, and BIS fo r 19^2 to date. The 1939 figure fo r regular producers and contractors was adjusted fo r undercoverage and the figures fo r other years fo r regular producers were adjusted to include estimates fo r workers employed by contractors performing o il and gas fie ld services. Man-Hours The man-hours index fo r the years 1935 to date is based on to ta ls fo r the 6 component a c t iv it ie s . For a description of the methods used in the construction of the 5 series fo r coal and ore mining see the technical n o t e s for the i n d i v i d u a l industries. T h e series f o r crude petroleum, n a t u r a l gas, a n d gasol i n e covers b o t h r e g u l a r p r o d u c e r s and c ontractors p e r f o r m i n g gas a n d oil f i e l d services. T h e m a n - h o u r figures f o r 1939 w e r e o b t a i n e d b y a d j u s t i n g f o r under c o v e r a g e the C e n s u s of M i n e r a l Industries data fo r both regular producers and contractors. Man-hours data fo r regular producers fo r 1935 are based on an estimate of average annual hours and employment figures from the 1935 Census of Business; fo r 1936-38 and 19k0-kl, from Bureau of Mines data; and fo r 19^2 to date, from BIS employment and BIS average weekly hours. The man-hours fo r contract workers fo r 1935 are a NRP estimate; fo r 19 36 -38, estimates of man-hours per w ell d rille d were obtained by interpolation from 1935 and 1939 data, and these estimates were applied to Bureau of Mines annual data on number of w ells d rille d ; fo r 19^2 to date, 1939 man-hours per w ell d rille d were applied to Bureau of Mines annual data on number of w ells. Anthracite Industry (S .I .C . Industry No. 1 1 1 1 ) The anthracite mining industry Includes the mining of a l l nonhitumlnous coal in Pennsylvania, and coverage conforms to the Census of Mineral Industries defin ition . Following the general p ractice, the mining of semianthracite in Sullivan County is grouped with anthracite mining. Operations include raining and such further preparation (sizin g , washing, screen ing, e t c .) as is necessary to produce a marketable product. Included under mining are -underground and strip operations, working of culm banks, and dredging of riv e r coal. Production The production index is based on Bureau of Mines data fo r the number of tons of marketable coal produced, adjusted fo r 19^1-50 to exclude ’’bootleg1' coal sold to legitimate operators under an arrange ment made early in 19 ^ 1. "Bootleg" coal, except that sold to legitimate producers, has been excluded from the annual production figures published by the Bureau of Mines and is excluded from the production index. Total production of "bootleg" coal ranged from 6,300,000 tons in 19^1 to 1,026,0-00 tons in 19^5* Small tonnages of "slush" - - i . e . , settlin gs from water used in cleaning anthracite — have also been excluded by the Bureau of Mines from the production of market able co al. Anthracite constituted 99*9 percent of the to ta l value of products of the industry in 1939, according to the Census of Mineral Industries. Pro duction reported by the Bureau of Mines f e l l short of the Census of Mineral Industries to ta l by about 0 .7 percent. Employment The employment index is composed of two segments linked in 1939* The indexes fo r 19 35-39 are the BIS series adjusted to levels indicated "by reports of the Bureau of the Census fo r 1935 and 1939* The indexes for the years 1939"50 are the regularly pub lished BIS se ries, based on a sample shoving the per cent change for iden tical establishments in overlapping 2 -month periods. The employment definition adopted — average number of production workers employed during the 12 months of the year, including inactive periods — is that used by the United States Bureau of the Census. Since anthracite mining ordinarily is characterized by intermittent operation, other employment concepts such as the average number of workers employed on active days tire also sig n ifican t. Man-Hours The index of man-hours is derived from the employment series and the BLS series fo r average weekly hours. The index, based on operations for the f i r s t 2-week period in each month, has been adjusted to represent more adequately the entire year in 19^3, 19^5, 19^6, and I9U9, when major strik es occurred. The man hour index fo r months in which strik es occurred has been adjusted by the ra tio of production fo r the entire month to estimated production fo r the month at the rate attained during the f i r s t 2 weeks. Bituminous Coal and Lignite Industries (S.I.C. Industry Nos. 1 2 1 1 and 1212) The two industries, bituminous coal and lig n ite , as reported in the 1939 Census of Mineral Industries, are included. The combination covers the mining of bituminous coal and lig n ite , and of semi anthracite and anthracite outside of Pennsylvania. Operations performed in the two industries include the mining of the coal, and the cleaning, washing, and sizin g necessary to produce a marketable product. Production The production index is based on total tonnages of bituminous coal and lignite, and of semianthracite and anthracite mined outside of Pennsylvania. Produc tion data have been taken from the reports of the Bureau of Mines on the number of short tons of market able coal produced by mines having an annual output of 1,000 tons or more. Included in the production to ta l is coal loaded at the mine fo r shipment by r a i l or water, shipped by truck or wagon, taken by locomotive tenders a t the tip p le, shipped by conveyor to point of consumption, used by mine employees, used at the mine fo r power and heat, and made into beehive coke at the mine. Data fo r Alaska are excluded. Products included in the index represented 99-6 percent of the to ta l value of products of the industry as reported by the Census of Mineral Industries fo r 1939* Production reported by the Bureau of Mines fo r 1939 exceeded that reported by the Census of Mineral Industries by less than 0.0U percent. Employment The employment index is made up of two segments — 1935-39 and 1939-50. For 1935-39 the index compiled by the BLS has been adjusted to the leve ls indicated by reports of the Bureau of the Census fo r 1935 and 1939. The index series fo r 1939-50 is that regularly published by the BLS and is based on a sample showing the percent change fo r id en tical estab lishments in overlapping 2 -month periods. The series covers only production and related workers and excludes salaried o ffic e r s , superintendents, other supervisory employees, and professional and technical employees. The employment definition adopted by BLS - - average number of production workers employed during the 12 months of the vear, including inactive periods — is that used by the United States Bureau of the Census in the 1939 Census of Mineral Industries. The BLS employment series fo r bituminous coal w ill not necessarily fluctuate in close accord with employment series compiled by the Bureau of Mines. Employment reported by the Bureau of Mines relates to the number of production workers, plus some supervisory and technical personnel, employed on active days. Employment to tals reported by the Accident S t a t is t ic s Division of the Bureau of Mines are annual averages derived e ssen tia lly from to ta l 72 man-hour8 reported, average hours per s h ift , and the number of active days reported. Emoloyment reported by the Coal Economics Division of the Bureau of Mines is the average number of workers reported for active days during the year. Since bituminous coal raining is ordinarily intermittent, the employment concept used by the U. S. Bureau of Mines of average number of workers employed on active days is also useful fo r some purposes, Man-Hours The index of man-hours is derived from the BIS employment series and the BIS reports of average weekly hours. The weekly hours figures reported fo r December 19^3 and fo r 1 9 ^ - ^9 have been adjusted to exclude travel time, which is paid for tinder wage agreements (beginning with the agreement reached in November 19^3). The data reported to the BIS fo r employment, and average weekly hours in coal mining are generally based on operations during the f i r s t 2 weeks of each month and ordinarily are typ ical of the entire month's a c t iv it ie s . When major shutdowns occur, however, the 2-week s t a t is t ic s do not adequately represent the labor time for the entire month. There fore, adjustments have been made in the reported figures fo r months in which major work stoppages occurred, fo r 1939 and la ter years. Man-hour data fo r individual months were adjusted by the ra tio of r e ported production fo r the month to estimated production at the rate attained during the f i r s t 2 weeks. The BLS index of man-hours may diverge some what from indexes derived from Bureau of Mines data, in part, because of differences in the employment series and, in part, because of differences in method of derivation. Man-hours reported by the Accident S t a t is t ic s Division of the Bureau of Mines are to tals reported fo r the year by individual mines. Man-hours may be derived from s t a t is t ic s of the Coal Economics Division of the Bureau of Mines by multiplying average employment on active days by the number of days the mines and tipples were active to obtain to ta l man-days worked, and multiplying the man-days to ta l by the number of hours in the weighted average established work s h ift. The resu lts are necessarily approximate, but have been used for some purposes. Some variations in man-hour totals may arise because of differences in adjustment for travel time in the BLR series and in the Bureau of Mines data. Copper Ores Mining Industry ( S . I .C . Industry Ho. 1021) The copper mining industry includes the mining of ores containing 2 .5 percent or more copper and the mining of ores vith lower copper content, i f valued ch ie fly fo r copper. Operations include the mining and m illing of ores, m illing of old ta ilin g s , leaching of copper ores, and recovery of copper in mine water p recip itates. The Bureau of Labor S t a t is t ic s ' industry definition corresponds with the copper ore industry reported by the Census of Mineral Industries fo r 1939, which included "mines and m ills in the United States producing ores and concentrates valued ch ie fly fo r th eir copper content." Production Two production Indexes are shown. The f i r s t se ries, fo r recoverable metal, is based on Bureau of Mines data fo r copper recovered from "ore, old ta ilin g s , e t c . , sold or treated" and from mine water p recipitates. The second production index is based on the to ta l tonnage of ore mined (including old ta ilin g s ), sold, or treated. Employment The employment index, which is available only fo r the yew s since 1939, is that regularly published by the BLS. Man-Hours The index of man-hours includes two segments. The f i r s t , fo r 19 35-39, was derived from data published by the Bureau of Mines in it s accident b u lletin s; the second, fo r 1939-50, has been computed from the employ ment index and BLS figures fo r average weekly hours. The Bureau of Mines figures exclude, and the BLS figures 7^ include, labor in ore preparation plants. Iron Ores Mining Industry (S.I.C. Industry No. 1011) The iron mining industry is defined to include both open-pit and underground extraction of all iron ore, with the exception of ore containing 5 percent or more manganese. This Industry defini tion corresponds to the iron ore industry reported by the Census of Mineral Industries, except that the Census industry includes the mining of iron ore containing 5 percent or more manganese. Operations performed in the industry relate to the mining of crude ore and the benef 1 ciation necessary to produce a marketable product. Production Two production indexes are presented. They are based, respectively, on total tonnages of usable iron ore and tonnages of crude ore, containing less than o percent manganese, produced in each calendar year. Production data have been taken from Bureau of Mines reports on the number of gross tons of ore produced by all iron mines and include all known production. The usable ore is produced with the desired iron content (by selective mining, mixture of ores, washing, jigging, concentrating, sintering, etc.) at or near the mine as a part of the mining process. An index based on iron recovered would follow substantially the same trend as the usable ore indexes. Products included in the indexes represented 99-9 percent of the total value of products reported by the Census of Mineral Industries for 1939* Usable iron ore produced in 1939» as reported by the Bureau of Mines, exceeded the Census tonnage by less than 1 .7 percent. Employment The employment index, available only for and later years, is the series regularly pub lished by the Blf*. 1939 75 Man-Hours T h e index of m a n - h o u r s includes two segments. T h e first, f o r 1935-39? has b e e n d e rived f r o m data c o l l e c t e d b y the B u r e a u of Mines; the second, f or I 939-5 O, has b e e n d e r i v e d f r o m the emp l o y m e n t index and B L S figures f o r average w e e k l y hours. Although the p r o d u c t i o n d a t a exclude the out p u t of iron ere c o n t a i n i n g 5 p e r c e n t or more manganese, the labor used to p r oduce this ore is included in the e m p l o y m e n t and m a n - h o u r data. I n c l u s i o n of raar.ganiferous ere in the p r o d u c t i o n index w o u l d change the output p e r m a n - h o u r i n dex less than one-half of one percent. Lead and Zinc Ores Mining Industries (S.I.C. Industry Nos. 1032, 1033 and I03U) The B u r e a u of Labor Statistics' lead and zinc mining industry classification includes the mining of ores valued chiefly for their lead and zinc content and corresponds with the lead and zinc ores industry as reported by the Census of Mineral Industries for 1939• Operations performed in the industry include the mining and milling of lead and zinc ores, and also the recovery of lead and zinc concentrates from old tailings in the Tri-State region. Production Two production indexes are shown. The series for recoverable metal (representing the output of the end product of the industry) is based on the aggregate output of recoverable lead and zinc (including lead made into pigments and zinc recovered as zinc pigments and salts directly from ore). These production statistics include the recoverable metal content of ores in all sections of the country and of old tailings concentrated in the Central States. Metal recovered incidentally, other than lead and zinc, (which is of some importance in the Western States) is excluded in order to make the production measure comparable with the labor figures. The quantities of lead and zinc recovered from ores processed by the industry are 76 weighted with average prices in 1939, the base year. The second production index is based on the to ta l tonnage of ore mined and old ta ilin g s concen trated in the Central S ta te s. A ll production data are based on s t a t is t ic s collected by the Bureau of Hines. Employment The employment index is that regularly published by the ELS. Man-Hours The index of man-hours comprises three segments. The f i r s t , fo r 19 35-36 , was obtained from data published by the W.P.A. National Research P roject; these data are based on a sp ecial tabulation of Bureau of Mines figu res. The second, fo r 1936-39, was derived from a sim ilar but less comprehensive tabulation of s t a t is t ic s of the Bureau of Mines, and from published figures of the Bureau of Mines fo r man-hours in the Central S ta te s. The la s t segment, fo r 1939- 50, was obtained from the employment index and BLS figures fo r average weekly hours. The Bureau of Mines figures exclude, and the BLS figures include, labor in ore preparation plants. PUBLIC UTILITIES E le c tric Light and Power Industry ( S .I .C . Industry No. 1*911 and the e le c t r ic it y generation and distribution part of 1*931) Production The production index represents kilowatt-hour sales by the private u t i l i t i e s to ultimate consumers. The source of production s t a t is t ic s fo r 19 17 , 1922, 1927, 1932, and 1937 was the quinquennial Census of E le c tr ic a l Industries. Minor adjustments were made in census data to account fo r changes in c la ssific a tio n 77 and reporting. For the intervening years, 19 17 to 19 3 7 , interpolations were made by means of s t a t is t ic s on e le c t r ic it y generated by p rivately owned u t i l i t i e s , as reported by the Federal Power Commission. The index was continued a fte r 1937 by use of data fo r energy sold by class A and B u t ilit ie s to a l l customers except e le c tric u t i l i t i e s , as published by the Federal Power Commission. The class A and B u t i l i t i e s make up a l l but a very small proportion of the e le c tric u t i l i t y industry. Employment The employment index fo r the years 19 17 , 1922, and 1927 is based on s t a t is t ic s from the Census of E le c t r ic a l In dustries. Interpolations fo r some of the intercensal years in this period were made by use of a series on employment in private e le c tric companies published by the Edison E le c tric In stitu te . For some years, no adequate basis of estimation was available. For the period since 1929, employment is represented by the BLS index fo r the e le c tric lig h t and power industry, which is e ssen tially comparable with the Census figu res. A ll wage and salary employees are included except main executives and the employees of appliance sales departments. Construction workers are included when th eir wages are paid out of regular company p ayro lls. The BLS index is based on a sample which gives high coverage (approximately percent in recent years) of the p rivately owned e le c tric industry. The inclusion of some employees of gas manufacturing or distributing departments of companies deriving most of th eir revenue from sales of e le c t r i c it y was necessary where separate reports were un obtainable, but probably does not a ffe c t the index m aterially. 90 Man-Hours The index of man-hours was derived from the employment index and a series representing average weekly hours of wage earners. For the period since 19 32, the BIS series on average weekly hours in the e le c tric lig h t and power industry was used. Data on average weekly hours fo r the years 1 9 1 7 - 3 1 were obtained from a study published by the W.P.A. National 78 Kesearch Project. This series is based on data obtained fo r one or tvo months in each year by the National Industrial Conference Board, with adjustments and interpolations made to place the series on an annual basis and provide figures fo r missing years. The series was linked in 1932 to the BLS hours series fo r the la te r years. Line-Haul Operating Railroads Industry ( S .I .C . Industry No. toil) A ll the indexes are baaed on data published by the Interstate Commerce Commission fo r railroads c la s s ifie d by the ICC as Class I steam line-haul railro ad s. (The term "steam railroad" covers railroads using d ie se l-e le c tric and e le c tric locomotives as w ell as those using steam. "Line-haul railro ad s" do not include switching and terminal companies.) During the period covered, these railroads accounted fo r a t lea st 98 percent of the freigh t and passenger t r a f f i c and at lea st 9^ percent of the to ta l employment of a l l steam railro ad s, including switching and terminal companies. The Indexes on pages 28 and 29 ( A ll Hourly Basis Employees) re fe r to to ta l t r a f f i c and a l l hourly basis employees. The index of to ta l revenue t r a ffi c represents aggregate passengermiles and fre ig h t ton-miles, each category being weighted by respective average unit revenues in the base year 19 39 * The index of car-miles is derived from unweighted aggregate car-m iles, both freigh t and passenger. The index of employment refers to a l l hourly basis employees and thus excludes executive, pro fessio n al, and main supervisory employees. The man-hour index is comparable in scope with the employment index and represents the to ta l of straigh t time actu ally worked, a l l overtime paid fo r, and constructive-allowance hours of train and engine employees. On pages 30 and 3 1 (Hoad Freight Employees), the Indexes of employment and man-hours represent engineers, motormen, firemen and helpers, conductors, brakemen, and flagmen attached to road freigh t service. On pages 32 and 33 (Boad Passenger Employees), the corresponding passenger service groups are represented, and, in addition, tick et collectors and baggagemen. Since the employ ment and man-hour indexes are restricte d to the occupations most d ire ctly associated with each type of service, the two tables permit a comparison of the trends fo r fre ig h t and passenger service. In both tab les, the man-hour indexes include a l l straigh t time actu ally worked, a l l overtime paid fo r, and construc tive-allowance hours of the respective groups of employees. 79 Telegraph Industry (S.I.C. Industry No. 1*821) The Indexes presented for the telegraph industry refer to the operations of the principal wire-telegraph and ocean cable carriers. The companies accounted for 97 percent of the total number of messages reported for land and ocean telegraph systems in the Census of Electrical Industries in 1937- The indexes for 1935-^1 were derived from statistics for those carriers vhich filed annual reports with the Federal Communications Commission in 19 l*l, and for 191*2-50 from statistics for those carriers which filed annual reports with FCC in the respective years. The data were obtained from the annual FCC report, Statistics of the Communications Industry in the United States. Production The production index is based on FCC series for: (1) number of domestic messages, land-line companies; (2) number of foreign messages, land-line companies; (3) number of domestic messages, ocean-cable companies; and (b) number of foreign messages, ocean-cable. Each series was weighted by the corre sponding unit revenue in 1939 Employment The employment index is based on FCC data on number of employees, of all classes, in service at the end of selected months (for 1935-^3> average of June and December; for 19W* and 191*5 average of June and October; for l^b6 to 1950? October), adjusted to represent annual averages by the use of ratios derived from BLS employment data. The adjustment ratios for 19^7-50 are not strictly comparable with those for prior years because they reflect the inclusion of a snail number of radio-telegraph employees but exclude employees compensated on a commission basis, divisional headquarters personnel, trainees in schools, and messengers. T e le p h o n e Ind u s t r y (S.I.C. I ndustry No. l*8ll) The indexes for the telephone industry refer to Class A telephone carriers. These companies accounted for 90 percent of the total number of calls reported in the Census of Electrical Industries for 1937- The indexes were derived for 1935-^1 from statistics for those carriers which filed annual reports with FCC in 19l*l and for 191*2-50 from statistics for those carriers which filed reports with the FCC in the respective years. The 80 s t a t is t ic s were obtained from the annual FCC report, S ta tis tic s of the Communications Industry in the United S ta te s . The indexes fo r 19*49 &n<i 1950 are based on unpublished FCC data. Production The production index is based on the weighted aggregate of the average number of local and t o l l c a lls originated per month. The weights represent average revenue per local c a ll and per t o l l c a ll in 1939* In 19*47 most of the companies file d reports with the FCC covering only 10 months (the months of A pril and May were omitted owing to a work stoppage) and the 19*47 averages, therefore, are on a 10-month b asis. Employment The employment index is based on FCC data fo r a l l classes of employees. Averages of the number of employees in service at the end of selected months in each year (fo r 1935 ~*42, June and December; for 19*43 and 19*45-* 48, June and October; fo r 19 *4*4 and 19*49 > April and October; and fo r 1950 October) were adjusted to represent annual averages by the use of ratio s derived from B LS employment data. For 19*47-50 these ratio s r e fle c t a small number of radio-telephone employees included in the B LS employment data and are not s t r i c t ly comparable with prior years. In adjusting the 19*47 monthly average, B L S data fo r only 10 months were used, data fo r A p ril and May being omitted to make the employment indexes more nearly comparable with the production index. Man-Hours The index of man-hours was derived from the employment measure and a series fo r average weekly hours. The weekly hours series was obtained from B L S data fo r the telephone and telegraph industries combined fo r 19 35- 39> fo r the telephone industry alone fo r 1939“^ , and the telephone industry including radio telephone employees fo r 19*47-50. The man-hour index fo r 19*47 was revised on a 10-month b asis, A p ril and May excluded, to make i t more nearly comparable with the production se ries. For the period 19*4-5 through June 19*49, the hours data r e fle c t mainly the hours worked by employees subject to the F a ir Labor Standards A ct; beginning with Ju ly 19*49 > the hours are that of nonsupervisory employees. 81 AGRICULT U R E Production The BIS national production index "beginning with 1935 is based on s t a t is t ic s for 73 products — 8 types of livestock products and 65 crops - - which in 1939 accounted fo r about 95 percent of to ta l cash farm Income. Because a number of products were represented by more than 1 se ries, 90 separate production series were incorporated into the index. The production figures beginning with 1935 were obtained from releases and unpublished records of the Bureau of A gricultu ral Economics of the United States Department of Agriculture. The s t a tis tic s fo r 1950 are preliminary. The production s t a tis tic s for livestock and th eir products refe r to calendar years. The production of meat animals is estimated by the Bureau of Agricultu ral Economics "by deducting the weights of animals shipped into each State from the weight of animals sold o ff of and slaughtered on farms in each State and by adding or subtracting changes in inventory weights between the beginning and end of the year. The sum of the net production figures fo r the several States gives a net production to ta l fo r the United S ta te s." H/ The production figures for crops refer to crop years, but, in most cases, the crop year and the calendar year coincide. The s t a t is t ic s for citru s fr u it production represent the crop from the bloom of the designated year. The figures for truck crops include the output of late varie tie s harvested in the previous year. For several crops - - cotton, peanuts, tobacco, and ric e -the production data represent the crop year beginning in the designated year. The BAE figures fo r a few crops include quantities not harvested or not available fo r market because of economic conditions, marketing agreement allotments, shortages of harvest labor, or damage a fte r harvest by weather conditions. The s t a t is t ic s fo r fr u its and nuts also include quantities harvested but not u tiliz e d because of excessive cullage, and quantities donated to charity unharvested. U/ Mut Animals — Farm Production and Incog*, 1935-^lt 0, S. Department of Agriculture (April 30, 1^*2) 82 Because the index of production was computed for use in the derivation of an index of productivity, series for gross farm output were combined with the weights representing the estimated labor requirements per unit of gross output. Gross farm output includes to ta l production, whatever i t s ultimate disposition. By the use of appropriate man-hour weights, the weighted production aggregate contains l i t t l e or no duplication. Thus, the man-hour weight fo r hogs does not include the labor requirement fo r growing the corn fed to hogs. Man-Hours per Unit of Output (weights fo r production indexes) The estimates of man-hours per unit of output which were used fo r weighting purposes were computed from data for individual States published by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, _£/ S t a t is t ic s fo r the individual States were combined by use of State production data to derive estimates fo r the 1 1 areas and fo r the United States. The unit-labor-requirement estimates fo r crops generally apply to 1939 practices and average yield s per acre in recent years, in most cases the average yield fo r the 10-year period 1930- 39 * The estimates for the livestock products were based on data reflectin g farm practices of recent yeeurs. The figures fo r livestock "include d irect labor only fo r such operations as feeding, caring fo r, and disposing of the animals and th eir products. Labor fo r growing feed and repairing buildings, fences and equipment is not included."_£/ The State figures fo r labor requirements in livestock production were combined into weighted averages fo r each of the 1 1 areas and fo r the United States as a whole; 19k l production figures were used as weights. The labor-requirements estimates fo r crops represent man-hours per acre, in the "pre-harvest" and "harvest" periods separately. These estimates Include the "hours fo r hauling manure, plowing and fit t in g the land, planting and cu ltivatin g, spraying, dusting, pruning, e t c ., and fo r harvesting and hauling the crop to storage, lo cal market, or processing p lan t." Figures fo r man-hours per unit of product were derived for each State from the to tals fo r "pre-harvest" and "harvest" man-hours per acre and data on average yield s per acre. Averages of the State tabor Requlreaenta fo r Crops and LIv«stock, by H, R, Cooper, * , C. H o lley, H« V , Hawthorne, and R, S . Washburn, U, S , Department o f A g ricu ltu re , B u lle tin F . M. MO (I9M3) J/ Ibid 83 figures were prepared for the 11 areas and for the entire United States by use of weights on average production In each of the States. Employment The employment figures for years prior to 1939 include all persons engaged in fans work for two or more days a week, regardless of age: proprietors, family workers, and hired workers. For the period 1939-50; employment figures are based on a new definition which agrees more closely with that used by the Bureau of the Census In its Monthly Report on Labor Force. The revised BAE figures for 1939-50 Include: (a) all farm operators who spend 1 hour or more during the survey week at farm work, chores, or In the transacting of farm business; (b) hired workers or members of the operator's family doing 1 hour or more of farm work or chores for pay; and (c) members of the operator's family or household doing unpaid farm work or chores, if they work 15 hours or more during the survey week. When revisions are completed by BAE for the period 1935-38, the Index of output per worker for these years will be recomputed to conform with the new employment definition. The estimates of farm employment developed by the National Research Project and continued since 1935 by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics are based on decennial Census data for the number of persons gainfully occupied in agriculture. 7/ Interpolations for Intercensal years were made by BAE by means of crop-reporter estimates of the number of wage workers and the number of unpaid family workers employed for 100 fans, adjusted to corresponding Census levels, and a computed seasonal Index. The production and employment Indexes for 1909-35 were constructed by the National Research Project of the Works Progress Administration In the course of its studies of changing techniques and employment In agriculture. The NRP indexes, computed on the base 192^-29 *= 100, have been linked to the Bureau Indexes. The methods used in deriving the two series are similar. 7/ Calllr o m Fare Labor. 0 , S . Dapartaant o f Agrleultora (publlshad Monthly), la are fre e w ipubllshad raeo rd a. D ata fo r U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : O — 1951
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