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Productivity Measures for Selected
Industries and Government Services
U S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
February 1988
Bulletin 2296




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Productivity Measures for Selected
Industries and Government Services
U.S. Department of Labor
Ann McLaughlin, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
February 1988
Bulletin 2296




For sale by the Superintendent o f Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, DC 20402




Preface

T his annual bulletin updates through 1986 all in dexes

data collected from a sam ple o f agen cies and cover the fiscal

currently included in the industry productivity m easurem ent

years 1 9 6 7 -8 6 . Indexes are also presented for three State

program o f the U .S . D epartm ent o f Labor. T he bulletin has

and local governm ent serv ices. L ike labor and m ultifactor

b een expanded from earlier ed ition s by the addition o f part

productivity in d exes for industries, in d exes o f output per

II, m ultifactor productivity trends for selected industries, and

em p lo y ee year for governm ent functions and services reflect
the jo in t effect o f a num ber o f interrelated in fluences.

part III, labor productivity trends for selected governm ent

Further inform ation concerning the indexes covered in this

functions.

bulletin can be obtained by w riting to the O ffice o f

In addition to the m ultifactor and governm ent productivity
indexes w hich are being presented in this bulletin for the first

P roductivity and T ech n o lo g y , Bureau o f Labor Statistics,

tim e, new industry labor productivity m easures are also being

W ashington, D C 2 0 2 1 2 . (T elephone: 2 0 2 -5 2 3 -9 2 4 4 .) In

published. T h ese inclu d e m easures for cotton and synthetic

addition, the Bureau o f Labor Statistics ( b l s ) publishes

broad

in dexes o f output per hour o f all p ersons and m ultifactor

w oven

fabrics,

industrial

inorganic

ch em ica ls,

industrial organic ch em ica ls, heating equipm ent excep t

productivity for the private b usiness sector and the non-farm

electric, sem icond u ctors and related d ev ic es, hardware

b u sin ess, m anufacturing, and corporate sectors. T hese

stores, departm ent stores, and au tom otive repair. A rticles

productivity series sh ow the relationship b etw een gross

Monthly Labor Review.

product originating in these sectors and labor and/or capital

In part I, the in d exes represent the chan ge in output per

inputs. T h ese data are presented in several BLS publications,

on these industries w ill appear in the

em p lo y ee hour for each design ated industry or com bination

including Productivity and C osts (quarterly n ew s release),

o f industries.

the

T h ese

industries

are

not n ecessarily

a

Monthly Labor Review,

and

Employment and Earnings.

representative cro ss-sectio n o f U .S . industry. The labor

M ore detailed inform ation on the m ethod s, lim itations, and

Handbook of Methods,

productivity m easures d escrib e the relationship b etw een

data sou rces is contained in BLS

output in real terms and the labor tim e involved in production.

B ulletin 2 2 8 5 . A dditional inform ation, in cluding reports on

BLS

Indexes are constructed sh ow in g the ratio for tw o periods

individual industries and charts, tables, and output indicators

o f the total hours required to produce a g iv en co m p o site o f

for F ederal G overnm ent fun ction s, is available on request

products and services. A lthough these m easures relate output
to em ploym ent and em p lo y ee h ours, they do not m easure

from the Bureau o f Labor Statistics.
T his bulletin w as prepared in the B ureau’s O ffice o f

the specific contributions o f labor, capital, or any other factor

Productivity and T ech n ology, under the direction o f Charles

o f production. Rather, they reflect the joint effect o f a number

A rd olin i, C h ief o f the D iv isio n o f Industry Productivity

o f interrelated in flu en ces, such as ch an ges in tech n o lo g y ,
capital investm ent per w orker, le v el o f output, u tilization o f
cap acity, layout and flo w o f m aterial, m anagerial sk ill, and

Studies. Industry labor productivity m easures w ere prepared
by: Ziaul A h m ed , Barbara B ingham , K elly Bryant, T em ple
C o llin s, D an iel Curtin, M ark D um as, John Ferris, Brian
Friedm an, J. Edw in H enneberger, C lyde Huffstutler, Artine

sk ills and effort o f the w ork force.

Jones, Virginia Klarquist, John O lsen, Barbara O ’N eil, Mark
S ieling, Patricia W ilder, and James York, under the direction

In part II, indexes o f m ultifactor productivity are presented
to help p rovid e insights into so m e o f the factors influencing
labor productivity change. Indexes o f multifactor productivity
represent the chan ge in output per unit o f com b ined labor,

o f Horst Brand and Richard Carnes. M ultifactor productivity
m easures w ere prepared by: Edna F alk, D ian e L itz, Linda

capital, and interm ediate purchases. T he d ifferen ces in the

M o o re, Lisa U sh er, and Freddi W in esb erry, under the

m ovem en t o f these in d exes and the output per hour in dexes

d irection o f John D u k e. G overnm ent productivity m easures

provide a m easure o f the effect o f ch an ges in capital and

w ere prepared by: E dw in A delm an, Gary Burdette, D arlene
Forte, Sandra G raham , M ary G reiner, and Arthur Y oun g,

interm ediate purchases relative to labor.

under the d irection o f D onald F isk .

In part III, labor productivity in d exes are presented for
selected governm ent functions and services. Federal indexes,

Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with

m easuring output per em p lo y ee year, are constructed w ith

appropriate credit, may be reproduced without perm ission.




iii




C o n te n ts

Page
Part I. Labor productivity trends for selected in d u str ie s....................................................................................................

1

Current d e v e lo p m e n ts .....................................................................................................................................................................

1

L ong-term t r e n d s ...............................................................................................................................................................................

2

N ew m e a s u r e s ....................................................................................................................................................................................

2

Chart 1. Output per em p lo y ee hour in selected industries, 1 981-86 ......................................................................

3

Tables:
1. S elected industries: E m ploym ent, 1986, and average annual rates
o f change in output per em p lo y ee hour, 1981-86 .................................................................................................

7

2 - 2 8 4 . Output per em p lo y ee hour and related in dexes for selected industries .............................................

10

Part n . M ultifactor productivity trends for selected in d u str ie s........................................................................................

154

Steel ........................................................................................................................................................................................................

154

M otor v eh ic les and e q u ip m e n t...................................................................................................................................................

156

Charts:
2 . M ultifactor productivity for steel, 1 9 5 8 - 8 5 .................................................................................................................

155

3. M ultifactor p roductivity for m otor v eh ic les and equipm ent, 1 9 5 8-85 ..........................................................

155

Tables:
2 8 5 . M ultifactor productivity grow th and its relationship to output per hour,
steel and m otor v eh ic les and equipm ent, 1 9 5 8-85 .............................................................................................

154

2 8 6 . Steel: M ultifactor and related p roductivity in d ex es, 1958-85 ......................................................................

157

2 8 7 . Steel: Output and input in d ex es, 1 9 5 8-85 ..............................................................................................................
2 8 8 . M otor v eh ic les and equipm ent: M ultifactor and related p roductivity in d ex es, 1 9 5 8-85 .................
2 8 9 . M otor v eh ic les and equipm ent: Output and input in d ex es, 1 9 5 8 -8 5 ........................................................

157
158
158

Part III. Labor p roductivity trends for selected governm ent functions and s e r v ic e s .............................................

159

F ederal G o v e r n m e n t ........................................................................................................................................................................
Current d evelop m en ts ................................................................................................................................................................

159
159

L ong-term t r e n d s ..........................................................................................................................................................................

160

C om p en sation and unit labor c o s t ..........................................................................................................................................

162

State and local g o v e r n m e n t...........................................................................................................................................................

162

E lectric s e r v i c e s .............................................................................................................................................................................

162

U nem p loym en t in su r a n c e ...........................................................................................................................................................

162

State sales o f a lc o h o lic b e v e r a g e s ..........................................................................................................................................

163

Chart 4 . Output per em p lo y ee year in the F ederal G overnm ent by functional category and
for total m easured sam ple, fiscal years 1 9 6 7 - 8 6 ............................................................................................................




v

161

Contents—Continued

Page
Tables:
Indexes o f output per em p lo y ee year and related data:
2 9 0 . F ederal G overn m ent— Total sam ple, 1 9 6 7 -8 6 ..................................................................................................

159

2 9 1 . D efin itio n s o f functional c a t e g o r ie s ......................................................................................................................

160

2 9 2 - 3 1 9 . F ederal G overnm ent: Functional ca teg o ries, 1 9 6 7-86 ......................................................................

164

3 2 0 . State and

local governm ent— E lectric p o w er, 1967-85 ...............................................................................

178

3 2 1 . State and

local governm ent— U n em p loym en t insurance, 1 9 6 3 -8 6

...........................................

178

3 2 2 . State and

local governm ent— State sales o f alco h o lic b ev era g es,

1967-85 .........................

179

A ppendixes:
A . M ethod s and data s o u r c e s .......................................................................................................................................................

180

B. BLS p ublications on productivity and t e c h n o lo g y .......................................................................................................

184

Index o f in d u strie s..................................................................................................................................................................................

187




VI

P art I. L a b o r P ro d u c tiv ity T re n d s
fo r S e le c te d In d u s trie s

w h ile the industry continued to c lo se le ss efficien t m ines.

Current developments

N on m etallic m inerals posted a productivity advance o f 1.0
P roductivity, as m easured by output per em p lo y ee hour,

percent; output dropped 0 .6 percent as d eclin ing dem and

increased in 1986 in m ore than three-fourths o f the indus­

from the agricultural ch em icals m arket m ore than o ffset a

tries for w hich current data are p resently availab le. In co m ­

gain from the construction m aterials m arket, and hours fell

parison, less than tw o-thirds o f the industries p osted gains

1.6 percent. In copper m ining (recoverable m etal), produc­

in 1985.
A m on g m ajor m anufacturing industries, both m otor v e h i­

tivity increased substantially, by 2 2 .5 percent, as output grew

c le s and steel registered sm all productivity gain s in 1986.

hand, iron m ining (usable ore) had a d eclin e in productivity

In m otor veh icle and equipm ent m anufacturing, p roductiv­
ity grew by 1.8 percent. A lthough output fell 2 .2 percent

o f 6 .3 percent; output fell 2 0 .6 percent due to a continued
d eclin e in dem and from the steel industry, w h ile hours

in 1986, due m ainly to a d eclin e in the autom obile segm ent

dropped 1 5 .2 percent.

4 .2 percent w h ile hours dropped 1 4 .9 percent. O n the other

o f the industry, em p lo y ee hours fell ev en m ore, dropping
4 .0

P roductivity ch an ges w ere m ostly p o sitiv e am ong trans­

percent. T he productivity gain w as the sixth co n secu ­

portation and utility industries. R ailroads (revenue traffic)

tiv e on e in this industry. In steel m anufacturing, productiv­

had a large productivity gain o f 1 1 .0 percent; output grew

ity w as up 1.7 percen t, as output dropped 5 .9 percent w h ile

1.9 percent w h ile em p lo y ee hours continued to d ecline (-8 .2

em p loyee hours fell 7 .6 percent. D em and w as o f f from auto­

p ercent). In air transportation, productivity grew 1.2 per­

m ob ile firm s and from capital g o o d s p roducers, such as the

cent. A ir traffic w as up significantly in 1986, and output grew

agricultural and industrial m achinery industries, and other

8 .8 percent; em p loym ent rose 7 .6 percent. P etroleum p ip e­

m arkets. T he steel industry continued to elim inate le ss e ffi­

lin es had a gain in productivity o f 2 .8 percent as output grew

cient plant and equipm ent. S teel m anufacturing has record­

1.6 percent and em p loyee hours fell 1.1 percent. In telephone

ed four co n secu tiv e annual in creases in p roductivity.

com m un ication s, productivity w as up 6 .0 percent based on

A num ber o f large m anufacturing industries posted sub­

an output gain o f

2.2 percent

and a drop in em p loyee hours

1.2 per­

stantial gains in productivity in 19 8 6 , inclu d ing petroleum

o f 3 .6 percent. Productivity in electric utilities grew

refining (1 2 .0 p ercen t), saw m ills (1 1 .0 p ercen t), and paper,

cen t, w ith output up 2 .2 percent and hours up 1.1 percent.

paperboard, and pulp m ills (7 .1 p ercent). A ll o f th ese in ­

On the other hand, gas u tilities posted a productivity d ecline

dustries recorded output grow th in 1986. In petroleum refin­

o f 8 .3 percent; output fell 11.1 percent due in part to a warm

in g, output w as up 5 .8 p ercent as dem and w as aided by a
sharp drop in the price o f p etroleum products; hours fell o f f
5 .6 percent w ith the clo sin g o f a num ber o f le ss efficien t
refineries. S aw m ills p osted an output gain o f 1 1 .5 percent,
resulting in part from increased dem and from the sin g le­

w inter and the shift o f so m e custom ers to cheaper o il heat.
E m p lo y ee hours w ere o f f 3 .1 percent.
P roductivity chan ges w ere m ixed am ong the trade and
serv ice industries. Furniture, h om e furnishin gs, and equip­
m ent stores posted a 7 . 8-percent productivity gain as output

fam ily housing m arket, w h ile hours grew 0 .5 percent. In the

g rew 9 .3 percent w h ile hours rose 3 .8 percent. T he dem and

paper industry, output gained 5 .9 p ercent as dem and w as

for furniture and appliances w as up due to the exp an sion in

stim ulated by favorab le ov era ll ec o n o m ic con d itions; hours
w ere o f f 1.1 percent.

n ew and ex istin g h om e sales. H om e electron ics also had a
g o o d year, fu elin g the large output gain. T he appliance, ra­

Only a sm all number o f manufacturing industries registered

d io , and T V com p onent o f this industry recorded an

productivity d eclin es in 1986. T h ese w ere m etal form ing

1 1 .0-percent productivity gain. Apparel and accessory stores

m achine tools (-8 .7 p ercen t), steel foun dries and non w o o l

had a 7.0 -p ercen t gain in productivity; output w as up 9.1

y a m m ills (both -3 .9 p e r c e n t), o ilfield m achinery (-3 .4 per­

percent as sales w ere g ood in all types o f apparel stores. A ll­

cent), gray iron foundries (-1 .9 percent), and cigarettes (-0 .2

p erson hours g rew 2 .0 percent. C hanges in productivity

percent).

am ong the com p onents o f this industry ranged from an in­

A m on g the m ining industries, coal m ining had a p roduc­

crease o f 10.1 percent in shoe stores to a decrease o f 0 .8 per­

tivity gain o f 8 .2 percent based on a sm all output in crease

cent in fam ily cloth in g stores. T he g a so lin e service station

o f 0 .3 percent and a d eclin e in hours o f 7 .3 percent. D e ­

industry posted a 3 .3 -p ercen t gain as output grew 5 .0 per­

m and for coal rem ained fairly stable b etw een 1985 and 1986

cent, h elped by lo w er g a so lin e p rices, and hours rose 1.6




1

percent. B oth eating and drinking p laces and liquor stores

sociated w ith le ss rapid grow th in both output and em p lo y ee

had a productivity in crease o f 3 .0 percent. N e w car dealers

hours.

had a gain o f 1.5 p ercent and beauty and barber sh ops grew

A m on g the industries that ex p erien ced an in crease in the

0 .2 percent.

rate o f productivity expansion during the last 5 years, several

P roductivity d eclin es w ere p osted by a num ber o f trade

w ere quite notable. T h e cop p er m in in g industry (recovera­

and serv ice industries. T here w as a d eclin e o f 1.3 percent

b le m etal) substantially im p roved its rate o f grow th in the

in retail food stores; output w as up 1.8 p ercent and hours

last few years— 19.1 percen t a year during 1 9 8 1 -8 6 as o p ­

grew 3.1 percent as the industry continued to p rovid e m ore

p o sed to 1 .6 percen t annually from 1955 to 1981. Intense

service-oriented operations such as delicatessens, salad bars,

international com p etition in recen t years forced d om estic

in-store bakeries, pharm acies, and photo departments. Other

m ine operators to reevaluate their m ining m ethods and search

industries w ith d eclin es in p roductivity w ere laundries and

for w a y s to im prove prod uctivity and lo w er co sts. S o m e o f

cleaning serv ices (-2 .4 p ercen t), drug stores (-3 .3 percen t),

the m ethods u sed to b o o st p rod uctivity included: C om pany

and hotels and m o tels (-4 .8 p ercent).

reorgan ization s,

in creased

u se

of

so lv e n t

extraction ­

electrow inning, expansion o f dum p and other in-place leach­
in g, and the m odern ization or shutdow n o f old m in es and

Long-term trends

fa cilities. L ik e w ise, the radio and tele v isio n receiv in g sets
industry exp erien ced m arkedly im proved p roductivity per­

F or nearly all o f the industries in this report, p roductivity

form ance during the 1 9 8 1 -8 6 p eriod — 1 4 .4 percent per year

increased o ver the lo n g term (1 9 4 7 -8 6 for m any o f the in­

versu s 4 .8 p ercent during the earlier period. P roductivity

d ustries). A m on g the industries w ith the h igh est grow th in

grow th in this h igh ly co m p etitiv e industry w as aided by the

productivity w er e sem icond u ctors and related d e v ic e s, and

w id esp read u se o f autom ated p roduction tech n o lo g y and the

w et c o m m illin g . In the sem icond u ctors industry, p roduc­

clo sin g o f le ss efficien t plants.

tivity advanced at a rate o f o v er 13 p ercent b etw een 1972

H o w ev e r, several industries did exh ib it m arked d eclin es

and 1986. B urgeoning output grow th cou p led w ith continu­

in p roductivity in the p o st-1981 period. A m o n g th ese, the

al and rapid im p rovem en ts in product d esig n and m anufac­

o ilfie ld m achinery industry d eclin ed the m o st— from a gain

turing techniques and p ro ce sse s contributed to this rather

o f 1.8 percent annually during the earlier period to a decline

spectacular advance in prod uctivity. In the w et c o m m illin g

o f 6 .0 percent for the 1 9 8 1 -8 6 period. D urin g the 1 9 8 0 ’s

industry, productivity advanced at a rate o f 8 .0 percent. Until

the industry faced slackened dem and for its products stem ­

197 2 , output and p roductivity grow th in this industry w ere

m ing from w eak n ess in the p rice o f crude o il. F alling out­

m odest. T hereafter, h o w e v er , output and p roductivity e x ­

put coupled with the industry’s m ade-to-order,labor-intensive

panded rapidly due to in creased m arket penetration o f high

operations aggravated the productivity d eclin e. T he gas util­

fructose and g lu c o se c o m syrup and the resulting m od ern i­
zation o f the industry.

ities industry w as a lso am ong th o se industries that exhibited
a m arked fa llo ff (4 .3 percen t annually) in p roductivity dur­

O n the other hand, a fe w industries did exh ib it d eclin in g

ing 1 9 8 1 -8 6 . Prior to 19 8 1 , the industry p osted an average

productivity o v er the lon g term . A m on g the m ost prom inent
o f these w as the autom otive repair shops industry, w hich e x ­

annual gain in productivity o f 2 .6 p ercent. H o w ev er, dur­
ing the 1 9 8 1 -8 6 period the output o f this industry fell at a

perienced a long-term productivity d ecline o f 1.2 percent an­
nually. S om e o f the factors contributing to this d eclin e h ave
been: T he sm all siz e o f sh op s, the large in flux o f n ew estab­

rate o f 5 .0 percen t due to a fa llo ff in average u se per cu s­
tom er. T he d eclin e in e m p lo y ee hours w as m inim al due to

lishm ents and w ork ers into the industry, the in creased c o m ­

an in crease in the num ber o f cu stom ers. T h us, productivity
d eclin ed substantially.

plexity o f new cars and trucks, and the shortage o f adequately
trained m ech an ics, as w e ll as the im pact o f several re ce s­

New measures

sion s. P roductivity a lso d eclin ed o v er the lo n g term in the
m ining m achinery industry. A h igh ly co m p etitiv e b u sin ess,
this industry has felt not only the effects o f falling coal prices,

Cotton and synthetic broad woven fabrics (SIC 2211, 2221).

but also the repercussions o f fuel shortages and various ener­

Productivity, as m easured by output per em p loyee hour, grew

g y crises o v er the past d ecad e and a h alf. T h e co a l m ining

at an average annual rate o f 3 .7 percen t in the cotton and

industry, faced w ith ex c ess capacity, has reduced its dem and

synthetic broad w o v en fabrics industry from 1972 to 1986.

for new m ining m achinery. Instead, m ining com p anies have

T his rate o f in crease w a s sig n ifica n tly h igh er than the

tended to buy repair and replacem ent parts rather than pur­

2 .5 -p er cen t rate o f grow th registered in the m anufacturing

ch ase n ew equipm ent.

sector as a w h o le. U n d erlyin g this gain in p roductivity w as
a grow th in output o f 0 .3 percen t and a d eclin e in hours o f

A lthough the rates o f p roductivity ch an ge varied w id ely

3 .3 percent.

am ong the industries during the 1 9 8 1 -8 6 period (see chart
1 and table 1), nearly tw o-thirds o f the industries recorded

T h e output o f this industry co n sists o f w o v en fabric m ore

higher productivity grow th in the m ore recent period than

than 12 in ch es in w idth m ade c h ie fly o f cotton and/or syn ­

during 1947-81. H o w ev er, this advance in productivity dur­

thetic fibers. Important m arkets for the industry’s output are

ing the later period am ong m any o f the industries w as as­

the apparel, au tom otive, and h o m e furnishings industries.




2

Chart 1. Output per employee hour in selected industries, 1981-86
(Average annual percent change)

Radio and television receiving sets
Railroad transportation, revenue traffic
Steel
Petroleum refining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Motor vehicles and equipment
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Air transportation
Aluminum rolling and drawing
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture, furnishings, and equipment stores
Major household appliances
Telephone communications
Tires and inner tubes
Department stores
Semiconductors and related devices
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Paper, paperboard, and pulp mills
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Cotton and synthetic broad woven fabrics
Gasoline service stations
Metal cans
Construction machinery and equipment
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Structural clay products
Franchised new car dealers
Household furniture
Red meat products
Footwear
Pharmaceutical preparations
Hardware stores
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts
Automotive repair shops
Liquor stores

-9

-6

-3

0

3

SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U S. Department of Labor.




3

6

9

12

15

Plants in the industry transform b ales o f cotton an d/or syn ­

T e ch n o lo g ica l advance in the in organ ic ch em icals indus­

thetic fibers into y a m . M u ltip le strands o f this yarn are then

try h as, to an extent, b een id en tified w ith in creases in the

interlaced at right an gles in the p rocess o f w ea v in g . A n in­

sca le o f operation s. S ca le en largem en t redu ces capital costs

tegrated m ill w ould have the capability to “ finish” the w oven

as w e ll as labor and u tility co sts per unit o f output. Q uin­

fabric. F in ish ing, a term for further treating fabric, m ay in­

tupling o f sulfuric acid p rod uction , for ex a m p le, by sim p ly

v o lv e on e or m ore o f the fo llo w in g operations: B leach in g,

in creasing the siz e o f pressure v e s se ls , p ip es, storage tanks

d y ein g , printing ( o f a pattern), or applying perm anent-press

e tc ., can reduce operating co sts b y a third.

treatment. H ighly integrated m ills m ay fabricate som e o f then-

The industry also m odernized existing facilities by retrofit­

output o f finished fabric into end products such as sh eets,

ting w ith updated, la rg ely com p uterized equ ipm ent and in ­
str u m e n ta tio n .

to w e ls, and p illo w ca ses.

C o m p u te r s,

p r o g r a m m a b le

c o n tr o ls ,

P roductivity advances in this industry h ave been aided by

com puterized sensors for tem perature, p ressure, flo w rates,

substantial investm en ts in capital equipm ent and the d iffu ­

liquid le v e ls, m aterials an alyzers, and other p ro cess varia­

sion o f tech n ology. C apital expenditures grew at an average

b les have b eco m e in creasin gly d iffu sed throughout the in­

annual rate o f 1 2 .2 percent o v er the period o f study

dustry. P neum atic con trols h ave b een m ore and m ore

(1 9 7 2 -8 6 ). T his industry is h igh ly co m p etitiv e, and the re­

replaced by electro n ic sign als and their apparatus (excep t in

cen t surge o f im ported fabric and apparel g o o d s has in tensi­

the p ro cessin g o f flam m ab le m aterials).

fied this com petition. D o m e stic firm s are responding w ith

Gradual im provem en ts in old er tec h n o lo g ie s relating to

a m odernization effort that in v o lv es sign ifican t investm ent

estab lish ed en gin eerin g p ractices h a v e, o f co u rse, a lso co n ­

in capital equipm ent. Industry sp ecialists b elie v e th ese cap i­

tinued. O ne such practice is “ d e-b o ttlen eck in g .” T he retro­

tal expenditures w ill b oost U .S . productivity, thereby reduc­

fitting o f ex istin g plants w ith updated equ ipm en t and instru­

ing the p rice advantage o f im ports.

m ents often creates im balances or b ottlen eck s in ch em ical
p ro cessin g . H e n c e, the im portance o f “ d e-b o ttlen eck in g”

Industry tech n o lo g ica l ch an ges are, prim arily, o f tw o
kinds. O ne change in volves the im provem ent o f conventional

appears to h ave in creased o v er the rev iew p eriod. In order

m achines ( e .g ., in sp eed , cap acity, and d egree o f autom a­

to co p e w ith b o ttlen eck s, ch em ical firm s h ave installed b et­

tion) along w ith the installation o f auxiliary equipm ent ( e .g .,

ter pum ps and v a lv e s. T h is results in im proved flo w , less

for m achine cleaning and m aterials handling). “ S h u ttleless”

corro sio n , and reduced m aintenance labor.

loom s are a prim e exam p le o f this type o f tech n o lo g ica l ad­
van ce. T h ey are m uch m ore efficien t than the fly-shu ttle

Industrial organic chemicals, n.e.c. (SIC 2869).

loom s they are replacing. T h e secon d type o f tech n ological

Output per

em p lo y ee hour in the m anufacture o f certain industrial or­

change is m ore radical and in v o lv es the integration o f tw o
or m ore p ro cesses, instrum entation for p ro cess m onitoring,

gan ic

ch em ica ls— such

as

eth y len e,

acetic

acid ,

and

form aldehyd e— ro se at an average annual rate o f 4 .1 per­

and the m arriage o f com puters to this instrum entation for

cent b etw een 1963 and 1985, com pared w ith 2 .3 percent for

production inform ation. For exam p le, laser equipm ent is b e­

all manufacturing. Output increased at a faster rate than hours

ing used to detect flaw s in the grey w o v en fabric, w h ile color

over the period—output at 5 .0 percent a year, em p loyee hours
at on ly 0 .9 percent.
O rganic ch em ica ls can b e d ivid ed into tw o grou p s—

m onitoring d ev ices ch eck for d yein g irregularities.

Industrial inorganic chemicals (SIC 281).

Output per em ­
p lo y ee hour in the inorganic ch em ica ls industry rem ained

com m od ity and sp ecialty. C om m od ity ch em icals are
p roduced and sold in large quantities and are u sually u sed

unchanged b etw een 1972 and 1985. B y com p arison , output
per hour in m anufacturing as a w h o le rose at an average an­

as feed stock s in the syn th esis o f other organ ic ch em icals.
M anufactured in la rg e-sca le op eration s, m ost com m odity
ch em ica ls h ave lo w labor requirem ents per unit o f output.

nual rate o f 2 .3 percent o v er the p eriod. N eith er output o f
the industry nor em p lo y ee hours changed sign ifican tly o v er

S o m e com m od ity ch em ica ls are a lso so ld to firm s ou tside
the industry such as th ose m anufacturing p lastic products.

the tim e span review ed here.
The absence o f any long-term im provem ent in productivity

S pecialty ch em ica ls are m ade in m uch sm aller quantities— a

did not characterize all o f the industry’s com p on en ts. In the

w h o le y ea r’s supply w ill so m etim es b e p rod uced in a few

m anufacture o f alkalis (m ostly cau stic soda) and ch lorin e,

d ays. S o m e o f them are m ade to individual cu sto m ers’

productivity rose 2 .4 percent a year based on a d eclin e in

sp ecification s; others are ju st lo w -v o lu m e stock ch em icals.

output and an even greater d eclin e in em p lo y ee hours. In

Productivity grow th in the industry w as h ighest from 1963

the m anufacture o f inorganic p igm en ts, productivity im ­

to 1974, w h en it in creased at a rate o f 6 .6 percent a year.

proved at a 0.4-p ercen t annual rate; h ere, too, the long-term
gain w as associated w ith d eclin es in both output and hours.

From 1974 to 1 979, the rate dropped to 3 .2 percent, reflect­
ing a slo w d o w n in output grow th and an in crease in em p loy­

For the largest group o f inorganic chem icals—including m ost

ment. During the years 1979 to 1985, the productivity growth

basic or com m odity ch em icals and large num bers o f m is­

rate slo w e d further to 1 .0 percent as both output and hours

cellan eou s ch em icals—productivity declined sligh tly, by 0 .4

d eclin ed .
T h e tech n o lo g y em p lo y ed to p rod uce m ost organ ic ch em ­

percent a year. H ere, em p lo y ee hours rose at a som ew h at

icals, whether on a large or sm all scale, is based on chem ical

higher rate than output.




4

tegrated circuits accounted for about on e-eigh th o f all sem i­

reactions: F eedstock s or interm ediate ch em icals (elem ents
or com pounds) are m ixed w ith a catalyst under high p res­

conductor production, for o v er o n e-h a lf in 1972, and for

sure and/or high tem perature in a tightly controlled environ­

alm ost four-fifth s in 1980. D uring the sam e period, their

m ent to produce the desired chem ical derivatives. Byproducts

current-dollar valu e leaped from ju st o v er $ 1 0 0 m illion to

are separated and then recy cled , p rocessed further, so ld , or

about $ 6 .5 b illio n .
T he b asic building b lock o f integrated circuits is a flat

oth erw ise disposed of.
O ver the tim e period under study, tech n o lo g ica l advances

w afer (disc) o f silico n on w hich large num bers o f individual

have included redesigned facilities capable o f handling a w ide

discrete d e v ic e s, such as transistors, are im printed. A key

range o f grades o f feedstock s, expansion o f plant capacities,

factor in increasing output per em p lo y ee hour in producing

and im provem ents in com puter hardware and softw are used

integrated circuits is the ability to in crease the num ber o f

to control ch em ical p ro cesses.

u sable d ev ic es on a w afer. T he sam e am ounts o f m aterial
and production w orker labor u sed to produce a w afer yield ­

Nonelectric heating equipment (SIC 3433).

ing a sm all num ber o f g o o d chips are need ed to produce a

Output per em ­

p lo y ee hour in the n onelectric heating equipm ent industry

w afer y ield in g a larger num ber o f g ood ch ip s. A s the yield

rose at an average annual rate o f 1 .6 percent from 1972 to

o f g ood chips im p roves— typ ically from an initial lo w o f 5

1985.

percent or le ss to around 6 0 -7 0 p ercent— unit p rices decline

T his rate o f advance w as le ss than the 2 .3 -p ercen t rate

sin ce output dram atically in creases.

o f increase recorded for all m anufacturing industries. The
grow th in productivity reflected a n eg lig ib le d eclin e in out­

A ch iev in g high y ie ld ratios, h o w ev er, is not an easy task

put o f 0 .1 percent per year and a d eclin e in em p lo y ee hours

and depends m ore on the refining o f manufacturing processes

o f 1.7 percent annually.

than on the gain in g o f exp erien ce by production w orkers or

T he nonelectric heating equipm ent industry is com p osed

on d ifferen ces in m aterial inputs. A ttaining acceptable yield

o f establishm ents m anufacturing equipm ent in cluding g a s-,

ratios using standard production processes requires coordinat­

o il-, and stoker coal-fired equipm ent for the autom atic u tili­

ing and adjusting hundreds o f separate manufacturing stages,

zation o f gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels. A m ong the products

som e o f w hich in v o lv e new m achinery and techniques, since

o f the industry are d om estic heating sto v es, b o ilers, floor

p ro cesses u sed in research and d evelop m en t are not directly

and w all furnaces, solar en ergy co llec to r s, and o il burners.

transferable to regular production lin es. T his effort initially

The ch ange in output o v er the entire 1 9 7 2-85 p eriod has

requires large am ounts o f sk illed en gin eerin g and technical

b een n egligib le in the industry, although output m ovem en ts

em p lo y ee hours, but as y ield ratios im p rove, th ese require­

have varied significantly from tim e to tim e. Industry produc­

m ents ease and production labor inputs per g o o d chip also

tion has been prim arily in fluenced by residential con stru c­
tion. A lso affectin g the dem and for heating units have been

d eclin e.

changes in relative fuel costs and replacem ent dem and for

o f integrated circu its, recent advances in com puter-assisted

A lthou gh this p rocess is repeated for each n ew generation
and integrated m anufacturing techniques have lessen ed the

the products o f the industry.

tim e required to a ch iev e acceptable y ie ld ratios as w ell as

Contributing to the rise in productivity o f the industry w ere

the co sts associated w ith sm all runs o f cu stom ized chips.

advances in m etalw ork ing, im proved plant layou t, and in­
creases in capital expenditures per em p lo y e e . S om e shops
have raised productivity by im proving m etalw ork ing tech ­

Retail hardware stores (SIC 5251).

nology through the installation o f progressive d ies, com puter­
ized punch presses, and m ultiple-spindle drills. H ow ever , the

persons in the retail hardware stores industry rose at an aver­

Output per hour o f all

age annual rate o f 1.3 percent from 1972 to 1986. T his in­
crease w as w ell ab ove the 0.8 -p ercen t annual gain in

lack o f d iffu sion o f n ew er tech n o lo g ies throughout the in­
dustry, due to low le v e ls o f dem and for m any o f the indus­
try’s products, has kept productivity grow th relatively lo w .

productivity registered by the nonfarm busin ess sector o f the
eco n o m y . T he grow th in productivity reflected an increase

Semiconductors and related devices (SIC 3674).

Output per
em ployee hour in the sem iconductor industry rose at an aver­

percent annually. C ontributing to the grow th in p roductiv­

age

operations, and benefits d erived from affiliation w ith dealer-

in output o f 2 .2 percent per year and a rise in hours o f 0 .9

annual

rate

of

13.1

percent

b etw een

1972

ity w ere strong dem and, increased u se o f com puters in store

and

o w n ed coop eratives.

1986—much higher than the 2.5-percent rate for all manufac­

The retail hardware stores industry is strongly affected by

turing. Industry output increased 2 1 .0 percent a year w h ile

cy clica l chan ges in the eco n o m y . E xpansions and contrac­

em p lo y ee hours increased 6 .9 percent.
The sem iconductor industry manufactures tw o major types

tions in output and the associated changes in productivity are

o f products—discrete d ev ices, such as transistors and d iodes,
w hich perform only on e electron ic function; and integrated

clo sely linked to changes in the housing market. D uring peri­
ods w hen the econom y is expanding, hardware item s are pur­

circuits (chips), w hich are arrays o f discrete d ev ices imprint­

chased to prepare hom es for resale, to rem odel older h om es,

ed on sm all p ieces o f silico n . Increases in industry output

and to m aintain n ew and ex istin g h o m es. W hen the ec o n o ­

sin ce the late 1 9 6 0 ’s stem , to a large d eg ree, from rapid

m y contracts and the housin g m arket is w eak , productivity

grow th in the production o f integrated circuits. In 1966, in­

tends to fall o ff.




5

to surveys, retailers who use point-of-sale technology report
that it allows their stores to operate with reduced inventory
while preventingout-of-stock situations. Product mix can be
better targeted to customer needs with better marketing in­
formation. It also reduces the employee hours required to
mark down merchandise prices because of overstocked or
slow-moving inventory.

The major technological change boosting productivity in
the industry has been the increased use of computers by hard­
ware retailers. In the larger establishments, computers are
often used in conjunction with point-of-sale terminals (cash
registers) and electronic scanning devices. Another factor
underlying productivity growth has been the joining together
of independent hardware stores to form dealer-owned cooper­
atives. Through the cooperatives, the independent hardware
stores have been able to compete with integrated, mass mer­
chandisers by taking advantage of discounts for volume pur­
chases and the economies of scale associated with large
wholesale distribution.

Automotive repair shops (SIC 753). Output per hour of all
persons in the automotive repair shops industry decreased
at an average annual rate of 1.2 percent between 1972 and
1986. Over the same period, productivity in the nonfiarm bus­
iness sector rose at an average annual rate of 0.8 percent.
This overall productivity decline reflects a 3.0-percent aver­
age annual increase in output and a corresponding larger
growth in all-person hours of 4.3 percent.
Despite increases in efficiency by some specialty repair
shops, overall productivity for the automotive repair shops
industry has declined since 1972. Factors contributing to this
decline include: The small size of industry firms, the large
influx of new establishments and workers, the introduction of
more complicated cars and trucks, the shortage of adequately
trained mechanics, and the impact of several recessions.
Many firms in this industry have limited resources of cap­
ital, personnel, and materials. Although there is little data
on capital investment for this industry, it is clear that the
small size of establishments in the industry makes it difficult
for the average firm to invest in new capital equipment, such
as computerized diagnostic machines. Automotive repair
shops also have limited access to manufacturers’ training and
information.
The addition of more than 50,000 establishments and
200,000 workers to the industry between 1972 and 1982 has
influenced the movement of productivity. The apparent ease
of entry and exit from the industry has led to increases in
the number of establishments and workers in the industry
even during times of general economic recession. The large
growth in employment together with high separation rates
for some occupations have affected the overall experience
level of workers in the industry and have contributed to the
decline in output per hour over this period.

Department stores (SIC 5311). Output per employee hour
in the department stores industry increased at an average an­
nual rate of 2.8 percent between 1967 and 1986 compared
with an average annual rate of 1.0 percent for the nonfarm
business sector of the economy during the same period. The
gain in the industry’s productivity over the 19-year period
reflects average annual increases of 3.6 percent in output and
0.8 percent in employee hours.
Growth in dep;irtment store productivity has been in­
fluenced by broad trends in general retailing. These trends
include greater industry concentration and the resulting
growth in chain stores, movement to better locations in shop­
ping centers, and the use of computers in store operations.
Improvements in store layout and design were also used to
increase consumer service by helping salespersons serve cus­
tomers in a shorter period of time.
The major technological change within the department
stores industry has been the widespread and increasing use
of computers. Electronic data processing is used in conjunc­
tion with point-of-sale technology. Through coding of mer­
chandise, marketing information is gathered as a byproduct
of merchandise sales. Data obtained at the point of sale are
used for inventory control, sales audits, automatic computergenerated stock purchasing, personnel planning, sales fore­
casts, interstore transfers, accounts receivable, and credit
verification. Computer technology provides accurate, use­
ful, and readily available information for use in both the oper­
ational and merchandising aspects of the industry. According




6

Table 1. Selected industries: Employment, 1986, and average annual rates of change in output per employee hour, 1981-86
Output per employee hour:
Average annual rate of change,
1981-86 (percent)1

Employment, 1986
(thousands)
Industry

SIC code

All
employees

Production
workers

Non­
production
workers

All
employees

Production
workers

Non­
production
workers2

Mining
8
8
11
11
176
173
108
38

6
6
9
9
144
142
83
31

2
2
2
2
32
31
25
7

10.7
11.0
14.6
19.1
7.2
7.2
3.8
2.1

10.4
108
14.5
18.9
7.3
7.3
3.7
1.8

10.9
11.2
15.2
19.7
6.7
6.9
4.3
3.4

Red meat products.................................................
Meat packing p la n ts...............................................
Sausages and other prepared m eats....................
Poultry dressing and processing ...........................
Ruid m ilk.................................................................
Preserved fruits and vegetables.............................
Canned fruits and vegetables.................................
Grain mill p ro d u cts.................................................
Rour (including flour mixes) and other grains . . . .
Rour and other grain mill p ro d u cts......................

214
138
76
157
85
238
84
122
30
22

172
116
56
143
42
102
69
83
21
15

42
22
20
14
43
136
15
39
9
7

2.4
2.9
1.2
33.1
33.1
34.7
36.5
35.9
6.4

2.2
2.5
1.3
33.3
(4)
33.4
35.5
37.3
36.3
5.7

2.9
4.8
0.9
31.4
(4)
31.4
3-0.1

2043
2044
2046
2047,48
205
2061,62,63
2061,62
2063
2065
2082

Cereal breakfast fo o d s ...........................................
Rice m illin g .............................................................
Wet corn milling .....................................................
Prepared feeds for animals and fo w ls ..................
Bakery p ro d u cts.....................................................
Sugar........................................................................
Raw and refined cane sugar .................................
Beet sugar...............................................................
Candy and confectionery products.........................
Malt beverages.......................................................

18
6
9
59
210
24
14
10
55
41

14
4
6
38
127
18
10
8
45
26

4
2
3
21
83
6
4
2
10
15

35.4
3-3.7
311.2
36.0
32.8
2.8
3.5
2.1
(4)
2.8

36.4
3-0.7
311.1
37.2
34.1
2.7
3.4
2.1
(4)
3.4

3-0.5
3-14.0
311.3
33.8
30.9
3.3
3.6
2.7
(4)
1.4

2086
2111,21,31
2111,31
2121
2211,21
2251,52
2281
2421
2431
2434

Bottled and canned soft drinks..............................
All tobacco products...............................................
Cigarettes, chewing and smoking tobacco ..........
C ig a rs .....................................................................
Cotton and synthetic broad woven fabrics............
Hosiery ...................................................................
Nonwool yam m ills .................................................
Sawmills and planing mills, g e n era l......................
M illw ork...................................................................
Wood kitchen cab in e ts...........................................

126
50
46
4
185
71
75
158
93
66

41
38
34
3
166
64
68
141
76
53

85
12
12
1
19
7
7
17
17
13

6.0
3.1
2.7
7.0
3.6
-0.1
4.5
7.1
3-2.0
3-1.4

6.0
4.5
4.0
8.0
3.4
-0.3
4.3
6.6
3-2.9
3-2.7

5.9
-2.1
-2.0
-1.1
5.6
1.8
5.8
10.7
31.5
33.7

2435,36
2435
2436
251
2511,17
2512
2514
2515
252
2521

Veneer and plywood.....................................' ........
Hardwood veneer and plyw ood.............................
Softwood veneer and plyw ood...............................
Household furniture.................................................
Wood household furniture.......................................
Upholstered household furniture.............................
Metal household fu rn itu re .......................................
Mattresses and bedsprings.....................................
Office furniture.........................................................
Wood office furniture...............................................

60
23
37
294
138
93
26
30
66
32

33.1
31.9

32.2
31.6
32.2
2.3
32.0
32.9
35.4
-0.2

310.4
34.1
314.6
3.9
33.4
33.8
38.3

2522
2611,21,31,61
2643
2651
2653
281
2812
2816
2819 part
2823,24

Metal office fu rn itu re ...............................................
Paper, paperboard, and pulp m ills........................
Paper and plastic bags...........................................
Folding paperboard boxes.....................................
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes..........................
Industrial and inorganic chem icals........................
Alkalies and chlorine...............................................
Inorganic pigm ents.................................................
Industrial inorganic chemicals, n.e.c.......................
Synthetic fib e rs .......................................................

34
248
51
42
105
136

2834
2841
2844
2851
2869
2911

Pharmaceutical preparations...................................
Soaps and detergents.............................................
Cosmetics and other toiletries.................................
Paints and allied products .....................................
Industrial organic chemicals, n.e.c..........................
Petroleum refining...................................................

165
42
65
63

1011
1011
1021
1021
111,121
121
14
142

Iron mining, crude o r e ...........................................
Iron mining, usable o re ...........................................
Copper mining, crude ore .....................................
Copper mining, recoverable m eta l........................
Coal m ining.............................................................
Bituminous coal and lignite m ining.........................
Nonmetallic minerals, except fu e ls .........................
Crushed and broken stone.....................................

2011,13
2011
2013
2016,17
2026
203
2033
204
2041,45
2041

Manufacturing

12
10
91
79

120
131

See footnotes at en d of table.




7

55

5

21

2

34
247

3
47
18
16
5
7
15
7

120
77

21
23
51
25
26
190
40
34
79
70

8
6
49
59
75
27
45
31
59
79

8
58

11
8
26
66
4
4
42

20
90
15

20
32
61
52

34.4

33.4

34.4
34.5

9.1

2.5
32.2
33.0
35.9
0.3
1.9
3-0.1

2.2

2.0
1.0

3-0.3

31.1

33.5
3.8
34.1
-0.6
3.1
34.5
313.3
37.6
33.2
5.3

34.2
4.0
33.9
-0.6
2.5
35.2
311.8
37.4
34.2
5.0

31.7
3.0
34.7
-0.5
4.7
33.3
316.5
37.9
31.6
6.5

1.8

3.0
3-0.5
32.0
3.7
34.9
6.7

(4)
3-1.0
34.5
4.3
33.6
8.9

3-0.7
32.8
4.0
34.3
7.3

industries: Employment, 1986, and average annual rates of change in output per employee hour,
Output per employee hour:
Average annual rate of change,
1981-86 (percent)1

Employment, 1986
(thousands)
Industry
All
employees

Production
workers

Non­
production
workers

All
employees

Production
workers

Non­
production
workers2

M a n u f a c t u r in g — C o n tin u e d

3011
3079
314
3221
3241
325
3251,
3251
3253
3255

Tires and inner tubes .............................................
Miscellaneous plastic products...............................
Footwear.................................................................
Glass containers.....................................................
Hydraulic cement ...................................................
Structural clay products .........................................
Clay construction products.....................................
Brick and structural clay t ile ...................................
Ceramic wall and floor tile .....................................
Clay refractories .....................................................

88
566
90
46
23
37
30
18
10
7

64
447
76
41
18
29
24
14
9
5

24
119
14
5
5

4.7
32.8
1.8
5.2

8

3271,
3273
331
3321
3324,
3331,
3331
3334
3351
3353,

Concrete products...................................................
Ready-mixed concrete ...........................................
Steel..........................................................................
Gray iron foundries.................................................
Steel foundries.........................................................
Primary copper, lead, and zinc .............................
Primary c o p p e r.......................................................
Primary aluminum...................................................
Copper rolling and d ra w ing ...................................
Aluminum rolling and d ra w ing ...............................

89
100
275
82
40
9
5
21
23
55

3411
3423
3433
3441
3442
3465,
3465
3469
3494
3498

Metal cans...............................................................
Hand and edge to o ls .............................................
Heating equipment, except e le ctric ......................
Fabricated structural m e ta l.....................................
Metal doors, sash, and trim ...................................
Metal stam pings.....................................................
Automotive stampings.............................................
Metal stampings, n.e.c.............................................
Valves and pipe fittings...........................................
Fabricated pipe and fittings .................................

3519
352
3523
3524
3531
3532
3533
3541,
3541
3542

6
4
1
2

3.0
3.5
4.3
32.0
1.8

3.6
32.3
2.1
5.0
9.8
2.2
2.6
2.9
31.4
2.0

9.6
34.7
-0.2
6.5
5.5
6.2
7.8
10.8
35.0
0.9

66
81
210
67
30
6
4
14
18
44

23
19
65
15
10
3
1
7
5
11

33.5
31.0
7.7
2.6
0.9
11.2
12.1
5.2
5.7
5.4

33.3
(4)
7.4
2.1
0.7
12.2
13.8
5.8
4.9
4.4

34.1
(4)
8.3
4.9
1.4
7.9
6.4
3.4
8.3
9.1

47
39
26
79
92
206
105
96
80
20

41
29
18
56
68
166
89
73
53
15

6
10
8
23
24
40
16
23
27
5

3.2
3-1.3
30.6
34.5
34.0
31.8
34.6
3-0.9
30.2
30.2

2.8
3-1.1
3-0.5
35.0
34.1
31.4
3-0.6
30.4
30.8

5.8
3-2.0
3-3.0
32.8
33.6
34.1
310.8
3-2.4
3-0.2
3-1.5

Internal combustion engines, n.e.c.........................
Farm and garden machinery .................................
Farm machinery and equipment............................
Lawn and garden equipment.................................
Construction machinery and equipment................
Mining machinery...................................................
Oilfield machinery and equipment ........................
Machine to o ls .........................................................
Metal-cutting machine tools.....................................
Metal-forming machine tools...................................

69
91
66
24
80
20
49
70
50
20

46
60
41
19
49
12
29
43
31
12

23
31
25
5
31
8
20
27
19
8

34 .O
32.4
32.2
33.2
3.1
31,5
-6 0
0.5
1.9
-3.3

33.6
31.8
32.5
30.6
3.1
330
-3.0
1.4
3.6
- 3 .7

34.4
33.8
31.5
311.1
2.9
3-0.8
-11.7
-1.3
-1.0
-2.7

3545
3561,
3561
3562
3563
3585
3612
3613
3621
3631,

Machine tool accessories.......................................
Pumps and compressors .......................................
Pumps and pumping equipm ent...........................
Ball and roller bearings...........................................
Air and gas compressors.......................................
Refrigeration and heating equipment....................
Transformers...........................................................
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus................
Motors and generators...........................................
Major household appliances...................................

54
67
45
44

38
39
26
33
13
88
37
40
70
71

16
28
19
11
9
34
14
17

3-1.2
32.2
31.8

3- 1 .9

30.4
30.9
30.9

3631
3632
3633
3639
3641
3645,
3651
3674
371
3825

Household cooking equipment..............................
Household refrigerators and freezers....................
Household laundry equipment...............................
Household appliances, n.e.c...................................
Electric la m p s .........................................................
Lighting fixtures.......................................................
Radio and television receiving sets........................
Semiconductors and related devices....................
Motor vehicles and equipment..............................
Instruments to measure electricity..........................

22

18

27
23
15
27
74
64
268
865
105

22

4
5
5
2
4
18

401 c
401 c

Railroad transportation, revenue traffic..................
Railroad transportation, car-miles..........................

300
300

22
122
51
57

91
87

21

16

8 .8

33.5

33.0

32.3

1.1

1.2

0.8

31.7
31.4

33.1
30.5

3-0.3
33.5

-0 .8

-2 .0

2.6

3.7
32.5
4.9

4.0
32.2
4.3

3.1
33.1
7.8

5.9
4.4
3.1
4.7
34.2
13.3
5.1
5.0
34.3

8.4
5.9
7.7
8.3
1.3
37.4
17.9
3.5
10.3
34.3

510.6
57.1

18
13
23
56
43

21

101

167

665
53

200

52

6.5
4.6
3.6
4.0
4.2
35.0
14.4
4.1
6.3
34.3

5256
5256

644
644

10.4
7.0

2.8

O th e r




id of table.

8

69.4
66.0

Table 1. Selected industries: Employment, 1986, and average annual rates of change in output per employee hour,
1981 -8 6 —Continued
Output per employee hour:
Average annual rate of change,
1981-86 (percent)1

Employment, 1986
(thousands)
SIC code

Industry
All
employees

Production
workers

Non­
production
workers

All
employees

Production
workers

Non­
production
workers2
3

Other—Contiuned
4111,413,414 parts
4213 part
4213 part
4511,4521 part
4612,13
4811
491,92,93
491,493 part
492,493 part
5251

Bus carriers, class I .................................................
Intercity trucking 7 ...................................................
Intercity trucking (general freig h t)7........................
Air transportation 7 .................................................
Petroleum pipelines.................................................
Telephone communications ...................................
Gas and electric utilities .........................................
Electric utilities.........................................................
Gas utilities .............................................................
Hardware stores 9 ...................................................

23
434
276
398
18
881
826
619
207
176

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
513
5656
5651
(4)
(4)
(4)

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
®225
8175
(4)
(4)
(4)

3-1.4
30.6
30.4
5.7
5.0
4.8
-0.6
0.7
-4.3
1.7

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
54.O
(4)
(5). (8)
(4)
(4)
(4)

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)

5311
54
5511
5541
56
5611
5621
5651
5661
57

Department stores...................................................
Retail food stores 9 .................................................
Franchised new car dealers...................................
Gasoline service stations 9 .....................................
Apparel and accessory stores 9 .............................
Men’s and boys’ clothing stores 9 ........................
Women's ready-to-wear stores 9 ............................
Family clothing stores 9 ...........................................
Shoe stores 9 ...........................................................
Furniture, home furnishings and
equipment stores 9 ...............................................

1978
2873
893
596
1178
118
406
257
214

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4
)
(4)
(4)
(4)

4.5
-0.3
2.6
3.6
5.1
4.6
7.5
1.2
4.8

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)

922

(4)

(4)

5.1

(4)

(4)

571
572,73
58
5912
5921
602
7011
721
7231,41
7231
753

Furniture and home furnishings stores 9................
Appliance, radio, TV, and music stores 9 ..............
Eating and drinking places 9 ................................
Drug and proprietary stores 9 ................................
Liquor stores 9 .........................................................
Commercial banking...............................................
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts 10......................
Laundry and cleaning services 9 ..........................
Beauty and barber shops 10...................................
Beauty shops 10 .....................................................
Automotive repair shops 9 .....................................

547
375
6215
592
165
1565
1479
451
740
641
780

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
6431
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)

2.9
8.4
-0.4
-2.2
0.5
35.0
1.2
-0.8
-2.5
-2.4
0.9

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)

1 Based on the linear least squares trends of the logarithm s of the index
numbers.
2 Rates of cha nge for nonproduction w orker hours are subject to a w ider
m argin of error than other rates shown.
3 19 81-8 5.
4 Not available.
5 N onsupervisory personnel.
6 Supervisory personnel and force account construction workers.




(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
51134
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)

7 O utput per em ployee.
8 Less than 0.05 percent.
9 All persons include paid em ployees, unpaid fam ily workers, and the selfem ployed.
10 All persons include paid em ployees and the self-em ployed,
n.e.c. =

9

not elsewhere classified.

Table 2. Iron mining, crude ore (SIC 1011): Indexes of output per employee hour and ouput per employee, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per h our1

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ............................
1981-86............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

48.3
49.4
59.4
67.1
73.1
83.3
89.6
85.3
84.4
86.1
93.5
99.7
99.9
98.6
108.0
113.2
107.9
112.7
113.5
100.0
115.5
122.7
124.7
132.8
100.9
139.0
173.3
187.9
178.3

43.0
44.8
51.5
60.2
65.2
72.9
77.8
74.4
74.3
76.2
84.3
90.5
90.2
89.4
98.2
103.1
98.1
102.4
103.5
100.0
105.9
112.9
119.5
126.2
106.7
154.6
176.2
186.0
176.5

75.6
70.3
108.4
100.8
113.3
141.9
160.3
147.9
139.1
137.9
137.5
141.2
146.4
139.6
153.4
159.2
152.2
158.5
157.2
100.0
156.5
164.5
142.5
156.6
87.2
107.5
165.7
193.7
183.8

41.5
44.6
56.3
61.5
69.2
77.3
85.5
82.8
84.0
85.3
92.6
97.4
98.1
93.9
103.2
112.2
110.6
110.8
111.3
100.0
116.7
122.9
115.6
125.3
95.8
128.8
160.4
178.9
172.3

37.3
40.6
49.4
56.1
62.8
69.0
75.7
73.7
75.8
77.5
85.1
90.6
91.4
87.6
96.9
104.3
102.1
103.7
104.0
100.0
109.0
115.8
113.1
121.9
102.8
145.5
166.9
180.3
174.0

64.3
64.0
99.0
87.5
101.0
122.6
142.3
133.9
126.5
123.6
126.6
126.0
126.7
120.1
128.4
146.6
149.1
140.9
141.2
100.0
149.4
151.4
124.1
136.9
78.9
95.2
143.6
174.0
167.8

P)
10.7

4.3
10.4

(3)
10.9

3.8
11.1

4.4
10.8

1.4
11.5

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of Labor Statistics supplemented with data from the Mine Safety and Health
Administration, U.S. Department of Labor.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
3 Data not available.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

Table 3. Iron mining, crude ore (SIC 1011): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ............................
1981-86............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

68.4
64.0
96.9
85.7
90.3
96.5
109.0
111.1
113.1
113.1
121.3
128.6
132.2
122.6
117.5
137.2
136.4
135.0
141.2
100.0
146.3
157.9
129.4
136.9
65.5
68.8
94.8
88.9
71.5

141.7
129.6
163.1
127.7
123.5
115.9
121.6
130.2
134.0
131.4
129.7
129.0
132.3
124.4
108.8
121.2
126.4
119.8
124.4
100.0
126.7
128.7
103.8
103.1
64.9
49.5
54.7
47.3
40.1

159.1
142.7
188.3
142.4
138.6
132.3
140.1
149.3
152.2
148.4
143.9
142.1
146.6
137.1
119.7
133.1
139.0
131.8
136.4
100.0
138.1
139.9
108.3
108.5
61.4
44.5
53.8
47.8
40.5

90.5
91.1
89.4
85.0
79.7
68.0
68.0
75.1
81.3
82.0
88.2
91.1
90.3
87.8
76.6
86.2
89.6
85.2
89.8
100.0
93.5
96.0
90.8
87.4
75.1
64.0
57.2
45.9
38.9

164.7
143.5
172.0
139.4
130.5
124.8
127.5
134.2
134.7
132.6
131.0
132.1
134.7
130.5
113.9
122.3
123.3
121.8
126.9
100.0
125.4
128.5
111.9
109.3
68.4
53.4
59.1
49.7
41.5

183.6
157.7
196.1
152.8
143.9
139.9
143.9
150.8
149.3
146.0
142.6
141.9
144.7
139.9
121.3
131.5
133.6
130.2
135.8
100.0
134.2
136.3
114.4
112.3
63.7
47.3
56.8
49.3
41.1

106.4
100.0
97.9
97.9
89.4
78.7
76.6
83.0
89.4
91.5
95.8
102.1
104.3
102.1
91.5
93.6
91.5
95.8
100.0
100.0
97.9
104.3
104.3
100.0
83.0
72.3
66.0
51.1
42.6

.9
-5.6

P)

-3.2
-14.5

P)

-14.7

-14.9

-2.8
-15.0

-3.3
-14.8

-.4
-15.3

1 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
2 Data not available.
Interior; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Bureau of Labor Statistics supplemented with data from the Mine Safety and Health
differ from those previously published.
Administration, U.S. Department of Labor.




10

Table 4. Iron mining, usable ore (SIC 1011): Indexes of output per employee hour and ouput per employee, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h ou r1
Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ............................
1981-86............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

60.3
59.3
70.1
73.2
78.1
87.8
96.6
95.3
98.4
98.6
106.1
110.6
111.1
108.4
118.1
122.6
113.8
117.8
115.9
100.0
117.8
122.8
123.2
130.6
98.2
138.6
171.7
187.9
176.1

53.7
53.9
60.8
65.7
69.6
76.9
83.9
83.1
86.7
87.3
95.6
100.4
100.3
98.3
107.4
111.6
103.5
107.1
105.7
100.0
108.1
113.0
118.1
124.1
103.7
154.2
174.5
186.0
174.3

94.5
84.4
128.0
110.0
121.0
149.7
172.8
165.2
162.2
157.9
156.0
156.6
162.8
153.5
167.8
172.4
160.5
165.6
160.6
100.0
159.7
164.7
140.9
154.1
84.8
107.2
164.2
193.7
181.5

51.9
53.6
66.5
67.1
73.9
81.6
92.2
92.5
97.9
97.7
105.0
108.0
109.1
103.3
112.8
121.5
116.6
115.8
113.6
100.0
119.1
123.0
114.3
123.2
93.1
128.5
158.9
178.9
170.1

46.6
48.8
58.3
61.2
67.0
72.8
81.7
82.3
88.3
88.7
96.5
100.6
101.6
96.4
105.9
113.0
107.6
108.4
106.2
100.0
111.3
116.0
111.8
119.9
100.0
145.0
165.3
180.3
171.8

80.4
76.9
116.9
95.5
107.8
129.4
153.4
149.5
147.5
141.5
143.6
139.8
140.9
132.0
140.4
158.8
157.2
147.3
144.2
100.0
152.5
151.6
122.6
134.7
76.7
94.9
142.3
174.0
165.7

(3)
11.0

3.2
10.8

f3)
11.2

2.7
11.4

3.2
11.1

.3
11.8

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of Labor Statistics supplemented with data from the Mine Safety and Health
Administration, U.S. Department of Labor.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
3 Data not available.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

Table 5. Iron mining, usable ore (SIC 1011): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ............................
1981-86............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

85.5
76.9
114.4
93.5
96.4
101.8
117.5
124.1
131.9
129.5
137.6
142.7
147.0
134.8
128.5
148.6
143.8
141.1
144.2
100.0
149.3
158.1
127.9
134.7
63.7
68.6
93.9
88.9
70.6

141.7
129.6
163.1
127.7
123.5
115.9
121.6
130.2
134.0
131.4
129.7
129.0
132.3
124.4
108.8
121.2
126.4
119.8
124.4
100.0
126.7
128.7
103.8
103.1
64.9
49.5
54.7
47.3
40.1

159.1
142.7
188.3
142.4
138.6
132.3
140.1
149.3
152.2
148.4
143.9
142.1
146.6
137.1
119.7
133.1
139.0
131.8
136.4
100.0
138.1
139.9
108.3
108.5
61.4
44.5
53.8
47.8
40.5

90.5
91.1
89.4
85.0
79.7
68.0
68.0
75.1
81.3
82.0
88.2
91.1
90.3
87.8
76.6
86.2
89.6
85.2
89.8
100.0
93.5
96.0
90.8
87.4
75.1
64.0
57.2
45.9
38.9

164.7
143.5
172.0
139.4
130.5
124.8
127.5
134.2
134.7
132.6
131.0
132.1
134.7
130.5
113.9
122.3
123.3
121.8
126.9
100.0
125.4
128.5
111.9
109.3
68.4
53.4
59.1
49.7
41.5

183.6
157.7
196.1
152.8
143.9
139.9
143.9
150.8
149.3
146.0
142.6
141.9
144.7
139.9
121.3
131.5
133.6
130.2
135.8
100.0
134.2
136.3
114.4
112.3
63.7
47.3
56.8
49.3
41.1

106.4
100.0
97.9
97.9
89.4
78.7
76.6
83.0
89.4
91.5
95.8
102.1
104.3
102.1
91.5
93.6
91.5
95.8
100.0
100.0
97.9
104.3
104.3
100.0
83.0
72.3
66.0
51.1
42.6

-.1
-5.3

t2)
-14.7

-3.2
-14.5

(2)
-14.9

-2.8
-15.0

-3.3
-14.8

-.4
-15.3

1 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
2 Data not available.
Interior; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Bureau of Labor Statistics supplemented with data from the Mine Safety and Health
differ from those previously published.
Administration, U.S. Department of Labor.




11

Table 6. Copper mining, crude ore (SIC 1021): Indexes of output per employee hour and ouput per employee, 1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per h ou r1

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ............................
1981-86............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

55.6
55.3
57.2
60.4
66.1
66.2
72.3
72.3
73.7
62.5
69.6
77.9
84.8
86.6
91.8
92.0
85.7
87.2
99.2
100.0
109.7
109.1
99.5
102.0
106.4
129.9
140.3
164.2
201.4

51.7
53.1
54.6
56.0
61.3
61.4
67.4
66.6
67.8
64.1
70.1
73.8
80.0
85.4
86.4
85.6
82.0
86.4
98.0
100.0
109.3
107.2
99.0
101.1
111.3
139.4
153.2
172.8
196.5

73.1
63.3
67.1
80.1
88.0
88.1
93.9
99.0
101.8
57.7
68.0
94.4
104.1
90.5
114.2
120.4
99.9
89.6
103.1
100.0
111.2
115.5
101.1
105.1
93.6
106.7
110.7
142.6
218.4

56.7
61.3
65.9
68.1
73.2
73.7
80.0
81.0
82.4
70.5
84.9
93.0
97.6
97.8
98.1
97.7
90.2
89.5
101.3
100.0
113.7
119.1
105.7
110.5
107.3
135.2
151.3
177.7
213.3

52.8
58.8
62.9
63.2
67.9
68.5
74.9
74.9
76.4
71.4
85.3
88.5
93.1
96.8
93.8
92.9
86.7
88.6
100.7
100.0
113.4
118.0
105.1
108.9
111.7
144.2
164.9
188.8
210.2

74.9
70.8
77.8
90.5
97.3
97.3
103.4
109.2
109.7
67.7
83.5
111.1
115.2
101.1
114.9
117.3
103.1
92.3
102.9
100.0
114.3
122.7
107.9
115.4
95.4
112.6
119.7
149.7
222.5

(3)
14.6

4.2
14.5

(3)
15.2

3.4
15.1

3.9
15.3

1.1
14.4

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of Labor Statistics supplemented with data from the Mine Safety and Health
Administration, U.S. Department of Labor.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee Indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
3 Data not available.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

Table 7. Copper mining, crude ore (SIC 1021): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employees

Employee hours
Year

Output ’
All employees

Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86............................
1981-86 ............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

46.8
42.5
55.5
58.8
62.1
60.8
64.6
72.3
78.2
53.3
71.0
93.0
106.6
99.8
109.2
117.3
117.2
103.8
110.6
100.0
101.5
118.0
94.4
118.3
77.6
76.0
73.4
69.3
72.3

84.1
76.8
97.0
97.4
93.9
91.8
89.4
100.0
106.1
85.3
102.0
119.4
125.7
115.2
118.9
127.5
136.7
119.1
111.5
100.0
92.5
108.2
94.9
116.0
72.9
58.5
52.3
42.2
35.9

90.5
80.0
101.6
105.0
101.3
99.0
95.9
108.5
115.4
83.1
101.3
126.0
133.2
116.8
126.4
137.0
142.9
120.2
112.9
100.0
92.9
110.1
95.4
117.0
69.7
54.5
47.9
40.1
36.8

64.0
67.1
82.7
73.4
70.6
69.0
68.8
73.0
76.8
92.3
104.4
98.5
102.4
110.3
95.6
97.4
117.3
115.8
107.3
100.0
91.3
102.2
93.4
112.6
82.9
71.2
66.3
48.6
33.1

82.5
69.3
84.2
86.3
84.8
82.5
80.7
89.3
94.9
75.6
83.6
100.0
109.2
102.0
111.3
120.0
130.0
116.0
109.2
100.0
89.3
99.1
89.3
107.1
72.3
56.2
48.5
39.0
33.9

88.7
72.3
88.3
93.0
91.4
88.7
86.3
96.5
102.4
74.6
83.2
105.1
114.5
103.1
116.4
126.2
135.2
117.2
109.8
100.0
89.5
100.0
89.8
108.6
69.5
52.7
44.5
36.7
34.4

62.5
60.0
71.3
65.0
63.8
62.5
62.5
66.2
71.3
78.7
85.0
83.7
92.5
98.7
95.0
100.0
113.7
112.5
107.5
100.0
88.8
96.2
87.5
102.5
81.3
67.5
61.3
46.3
32.5

3.0
-7.8

(3)
-19.6

-1.2
-19.5

-20.0

ft

-.4
-19.9

-.9
-20.1

1.9
-19.4

SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of Labor Statistics supplemented with data from the Mine Safety and Health
Administration, U.S. Department of Labor.

1 Represents output in terms of copper ore sold or treated.
2 Preliminary.
3 Data not available.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.




12

Table 8. Copper mining, recoverable metal (SIC 1021): Indexes of output per employee hour and ouput per employee,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1958 ...............................
1959 ...............................
1960 ...............................
1961 ...............................
1962 ...............................
1963 ...............................
1964 ...............................
1965 ...............................
1966 ...............................
1967 ...............................
1968 ...............................
1969 ..............................
1970 ...............................
1971 ...............................
1972 ...............................
1973 ...............................
1974 ...............................
1975 ...............................
1976 ...............................
1977 ...............................
1978 ...............................
1979 ...............................
1980 ..............................
1981 ...............................
1982 ...............................
1983 ...............................
1984 ...............................
1985 ...............................
1986 2 .............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ...........................
1981-86...........................

Nonproduction workers

71.5
65.8
68.4
73.5
80.3
81.2
85.7
83.3
83.0
69.2
73.2
80.6
85.5
82.9
88.1
85.8
75.2
77.2
94.7
100.0
107.7
98.2
91.6
97.7
116.2
130.9
153.9
193.1
236.5

66.4
63.1
65.3
68.2
74.4
75.3
79.9
76.8
76.3
71.0
73.7
76.3
80.7
81.8
82.9
79.9
71.9
76.5
93.5
100.0
107.2
96.5
91.1
96.8
121.5
140.6
168.1
203.2
230.7

93.9
75.3
80.2
97.5
106.8
108.0
111.3
114.1
114.7
63.9
71.6
97.7
105.0
86.6
109.6
112.3
87.6
79.4
98.4
100.0
109.1
104.0
93.0
100.6
102.2
107.6
121.4
167.7
256.5

<
3)
19.1

3.1
18.9

(3)
19.7

Nonproduction workers

67.8
69.8
75.1
77.0
82.5
84.0
88.8
86.3
86.0
79.1
89.8
91.5
93.9
92.6
90.0
86.7
76.0
78.5
96.2
100.0
111.3
106.3
96.8
104.3
121.9
145.4
180.9
222.1
246.8

96.2
84.2
93.0
110.2
118.2
119.2
122.6
125.8
123.6
75.0
87.9
114.9
1162
96.8
110.3
109.4
90.4
81.8
98.2
100.0
112.2
110.5
99.3
110.5
104.2
113.5
131.3
176.0
261.2

2.3
19.5

Production workers

Production workers

72.8
72.9
78.7
83.0
88.9
90.3
94.9
93.3
92.8
78.0
89.4
96.2
98.4
93.6
94.2
91.2
79,1
79.3
96.7
100.0
111.5
107.3
97.3
105.8
117.2
136.3
166.0
2090
250.4

All employees

2.8
19.8

(4)
18.8

All employees

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of Labor Statistics supplemented with data from the Mine Safety and Health
Administration, U.S. Department of Labor.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
3 Data not available.
4 Less than .05 percent.

Table 9. Copper mining, recoverable metal (SIC 1021): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output 1

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ...............................
1959 ...............................
1960 ...............................
1961 ...............................
1962 ...............................
1963 ...............................
1964 ...............................
1965 ...............................
1966 ...............................
1967 ...........
1968 ...............................
1969 ...............................
1970 ...............................
1971 ...............................
1972 ...............................
1973 ...............................
1974 ...............................
1975 ...............................
1976 ...............................
1977 ...............................
1978 ...............................
1979 ...............................
1980 ...............................
1981 ...............................
1982 ...............................
1983 ...............................
1984 ...............................
1985 ...............................
1986 2 .............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ...........................
1981-86 ...........................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

60.1
50.5
66.3
71.6
75.4
74.5
76.6
83.3
88.1
59.0
74.7
96.2
107.5
95.5
104.8
109.4
102.8
92.0
105.6
100.0
99.6
106.3
86.9
113.3
84.7
76.6
80.5
81.5
84.9

84.1
76.8
97.0
97.4
93.9
91.8
89.4
100.0
106.1
85.3
102.0
119.4
125.7
115.2
118.9
127.5
136.7
119.1
111.5
100.0
92.5
108.2
94.9
116.0
72.9
58.5
52.3
42.2
35.9

90.5
80.0
101.6
105.0
101.3
99.0
95.9
108.5
115.4
83 1
101.3
126.0
133.2
116.8
126.4
137.0
142.9
120.2
112.9
100.0
92.9
110.1
95.4
117.0
69.7
54.5
47.9
40.1
36.8

64.0
67.1
82.7
73.4
70.6
69.0
68.8
73.0
76.8
92 3
104.4
98.5
102.4
110.3
95.6
97.4
117.3
115.8
107.3
100.0
91.3
102.2
93.4
112.6
82.9
71.2
66.3
48.6
33.1

82.5
69.3
84.2
86.3
84.8
82.5
80.7
89.3
94.9

88.7
72.3
88.3
93.0
91.4
88.7
86.3
96.5
102.4

62.5
60.0
71.3
65.0
63.8
62.5
62.5
66.2
71.3

83.6
100.0
109.2
102.0
111.3
120.0
130.0
116.0
109.2
100.0
89.3
99.1
89.3
107.1
72.3
56.2
48.5
39.0
33.9

83.2
105.1
114.5
103.1
116.4
126.2
135.2
117.2
109.8
100.0
89.5
100.0
89.8
108.6
69.5
52.7
44.5
36.7
34.4

85.0
83.7
92.5
98.7
95.0
100.0
113.7
112.5
107.5
100.0
88.8
96.2
87.5
102.5
81.3
67.5
61.3
46.3
32.5

1.8
-4.2

(3)
-19.6

-1.2
-19.5

(3)
-20.0

-.4
-19.9

-.9
-20.1

1.9
-19.4

1 Represents output in terms of copper recovered from copper ore, old tailings, and
precipitates.
2 Preliminary
3 Data not available.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of Labor Statistics supplemented with data from the Mine Safety and Health
Administration, U.S. Department of Labor.
13

Table 10. Coal mining (SIC 111, 121): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per employee 1

Output per h ou r1
Year
Ali employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 ..................... ............
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change.
1947-86............................
1981-86............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

85.3
86.3
91.7
101.5
103.9
115.0
121.6
128.3
134.7
137.4
143.5
144.7
141.1
129.5
124.4
125.5
122.5
105.3
103.1
100.0
106.4
99.4
112.5
122.2
119.2
136.1
151.3
154.0
166.7

80.1
82.4
88.4
98.3
105.4
110.7
117.4
125.0
132.0
134.4
141.8
142.4
137.5
130.1
121.4
123.7
121.3
104.7
102.8
100.0
109.6
101.3
115.3
125.6
123.8
143.6
158.2
160.0
172.8

133.3
118.6
117.5
124.1
133.5
147.5
151.7
152.8
153.4
155.9
155.1
157.9
165.4
126.2
143.5
137.2
130.0
109.2
1C4.7
100.0
91.6
90.2
98.9
105.9
98.5
105.5
120.8
127.4
139.0

67.4
73.3
78.1
87.0
96.3
106.7
113.5
122.6
130.7
133.1
137.6
137.4
137.1
125.1
121.4
119.8
109.9
99.6
98.4
100.0
103.2
97.3
108.8
118.4
114.0
129.9
147.1
151.7
162.2

63.4
70.0
75.3
84.3
93.2
103.1
109.8
119.6
128.2
130.6
136.0
135.6
133.8
125.9
119.1
118.3
109.1
99.2
98.4
100.0
106.7
99.6
112.1
121.9
118.7
137.8
155.0
158.4
169.1

106.6
101.3
99.8
106.3
118.0
133.3
140.3
144.7
147.1
149.1
147.7
149.4
159.7
120.6
136.1
128.4
115.3
102.3
98.6
100.0
86.9
86.2
93.2
100.9
92.5
98.1
114.3
121.7
131.2

O
7.2

3.0
7.3

3.1
7.6

3.5
7.8

-.8
6.8

O
’
)

6.7

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Energy Information Administration, U.S.
Department of Energy; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based
on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics supplemented with data from the Mine Safety
and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor.

' The output measures undertying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
3 Data not available.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

Table 11. Coal mining (SIC 111, 121): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977=100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86............................
1981-86.............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

64.4
64.5
64.5
62.3
64.9
70.5
74.2
77.0
79.6
82.0
80.8
82.6
88.3
80.8
86.7
860
87.6
94.0
98.3
100.0
96.0
111.8
118.9
117.9
119.7
111.6
127.7
126.1
126.5

75.5
74.7
70.3
61.4
59.6
61.3
61.0
60.0
59.1
59.7
56.3
57.1
62.6
62.4
69.7
68.5
71.5
89.3
95.3
100.0
90.2
112.5
105.7
96.5
100.4
82.0
84.4
81.9
75.9

80.4
78.3
73.0
63.4
61.6
63.7
63.2
61.6
60.3
61.0
57.0
58.0
64.2
62.1
71.4
69.5
72.2
89.8
95.6
100.0
87.6
110.4
103.1
93.9
96.7
77.7
80.7
78.8
73.2

48.3
54.4
54.9
50.2
48.6
47.8
48.9
50.4
51.9
52.6
52.1
52.3
53.4
64.0
60.4
62.7
67.4
86.1
93.9
100.0
104.8
124.0
120.2
111.3
121.5
105.8
105.7
99.0
91.0

95.5
88.0
82.6
71.6
67.4
66.1
65.4
62.8
60.9
61.6
58.7
60.1
64.4
64.6
71.4
71.8
79.7
94.4
99.9
100.0
93.0
114.9
109.3
99.6
105.0
85.9
86.8
83.1
78.0

101.6
92.2
85.7
73.9
69.6
68.4
67.6
64.4
62.1
62.8
59.4
60.9
66.0
64.2
72.8
72.7
80.3
94.8
99.9
100.0
90.0
112.3
106.1
96.7
100.8
81.0
82.4
79.6
74.8

60.4
63.7
64.6
58.6
55.0
52.9
52.9
53.2
54.1
55.0
54.7
55.3
55.3
67.0
63.7
67.0
76.0
91.9
99.7
100.0
110.5
129.7
127.6
116.8
129.4
113.8
111.7
103.6
96.4

1.2
1.9

(*)
-5.0

-1.8
-5.1

<*)
-4.5

-1.8
-5.3

-2.3
-5.5

2.1
-4.6

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

1 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Energy Information Administration, U.S.
2 Data not available.
Department of Energy; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics supplemented with data from the Mine Safety
differ from those previously published.
and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor.




14

T able 12. Bitum inous co al and lig nite m ining (S IC 121): In d ex es o f ou tp u t pe r em p lo yee hour and ou tp u t p e r em plo yee,
19 5 8 -8 6
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
O utput per hour '

O utput p er em p lo y e e '

Y ear
All em p lo y e es

P roduction w orkers

Nonprod uction w orkers

Production w orkers

AH e m p lo yees

N onproduction w orkers

Index:
1 9 5 0 .........................................
1 9 5 9 .........................................
1 9 6 0 .........................................

102 .3

1 9 6 3 .........................................
1 9 6 4 .........................................

109 .3
1 14 .9

110 .7

9 6 .8
1 06 .8

1 4 7 .3
1 48 .8

118.1
1 26.0

1 22.0

7 9 .2
8 7 .9

1 34 .0

990
1 05 .7

6 8 .3
74.1

1 19 .5
1 25.4

8 2 .3
8 8 .6

9 2 .3

1961 .........................................
1 9 6 2 .........................................

1 3 5 .6
1 19.4

8 0 .3

8 5 .6
8 6 .4

1 29.3
1 35.2

1 32 .6

151.1

1 9 6 7 .........................................

1 3 8 .0

1 35 .0

1 57 .0

1 9 6 8 .........................................

1 44 .0

1 9 6 9 .........................................

1 45 .3

1 4 2 .2
1 43 .0

1 09 2

7 0 .7

1 02 .6

7 6.2

1 02 .4

8 5 .2
9 3 .9

1 0 7 .8
1 1 8 .9

1 03 .3

1 4 2 .2

1 2 1 .5
1 29 .7

1 3 2 .2
1 3 4 .3

1 33 .9

1 1 1 .0

1 14 .8
1 24.7

1 51.5

1 9 6 5 ........................................
1 9 6 6 .........................................

64.1

1 4 7 .6

1 46 .7

155 .6

138 .4

1 3 1 .8
1 37 .0

1 51 .0

1 38 .9

1 37 .0

150 .7
1621
122 4

1483

1 9 7 0 .........................................

1 42 .3

1 38.4

1 59 .0
1 67 .7

1 38 .6

1 35 .2

1 97 1 .........................................

1 3 1 .0

1 31.4

128 .3

1 2 6 .2

1 2 7 .0

1 9 7 2 .........................................

1 24 .6
126 .3

1 21 .6
1 24 .4

1 2 1 .6
1 20 .2

1 19.3
1 18.7

110.1

1 09 .3

1 1 5 .3

1 9 7 5 .........................................
1 9 7 6 ....... ..... ............................

1 05 .2

1 2 1 .8
1 04 .5

1 44 .2
1 37 .6
1 30 .7

1 3 6 .9

1 9 7 3 .........................................
1 9 7 4 .........................................

1 02.7

9 9 .5
984

9 8 .9

1 03.0

1 09 .7
1 04 .7

9 8 .3

1025
99 1

1 9 7 7 .........................................

1000
1 06 .7

1 00 .0
1 09 .8
1 01 .4

1 00 .0

1 0 0 .0

1 0 0 .0

92.1
90.1

1033

1 06 .9

988
1 06 .2
9 8 .7

9 7 .5
1 08 .9
1 18 .9

9 9 .8
112.1

86 1
9 3 .0

1 2 2 .6
1 19 .8

101 .2

1 05 .3
1 2 1 .9

1 9 7 8 .........................................
1 9 7 9 .........................................

1 23 .0

9 9 .6

1981 .........................................

1 12 .6
122.7

1 9 8 2 .........................................

1 20.0

1 15 .5
1 26 .2
1 24 .8

1 9 8 3 .........................................
1 9 8 4 ....... .................................

1 36.9

1 44 .6

1 52.3

1 59 .5

1 9 8 5 .........................................
1 9 8 6 * ......................................

1 54 6

1605

168.1

1 74 .3

1 9 8 0 ..........................................

1 1 4 .9
1 3 1 .0

129.1

1 00.0
8 7 .0

1 38 .9

9 2 .9
9 8 .4

1 48 .6

156.4

1 15 .3

128.1

152 8

1 40 .4

1 6 4 .0

1 5 9 .5
1 70 .8

1 23 .0
133 .2

3.1

3 .5

-1.1

7.7

7.8

7 .0

A v e ra g e annual perce n t

change:
1 9 4 7 - 8 6 ....................................
1 9 8 1 - 8 6 ...................................

P)

O

3.0

7.2

6 .9

7.3

' The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees
3 Preliminary.
1 Data not available.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures m this table may

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Energy Information Administration, U.S.
Department of Energy. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics supplemented with data from the Mine Safety and Health Administration. U.S.
Department of Labor.

Table 13. Bituminous coal and lignite mining (SIC 121): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employees

Employee hours
Year

Output
AH employees

Index;
1958
1959 ......................................
1960 ......................................
1961 ......................................
1962 ......................................
1963 ......................................
1964 ......................................
1965 ......................................
1966 ......................................
1967 ......................................
1968 ......................................
1969 ......................................
1970 ......................................
1971 ......................................
1972 ......................................
1973 ......................................
1974 ......................................
1975 ......................................
1976 ......................................
1977 ......................................
1978 ......................................
1979 ......................................
1980 ......................................
1981 ......................................
1982 ......................................
1983 ......................................
1984 ......................................
1985 ......................................
1986 1 ...................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86
1 9 8 1 -86 .................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

594
59.6
60.1
583
61.1
663
70.4
74.1
77.2
79.9
78.9
81 1
87.2
799
86 1
856
873
938
98.2
100.0
96.2
112.3
119.1
118.4
120.6
112.5
129.0
127.1
127.9

694
69.0
65.1
57.0
55.9
57.7
57.7
57.3
57.1
579
54.8
55.8
61.3
61 0
69.1
678
71.0
892
95 3
100 0
90.2
112.8
105.8
96.5
1005
82.2
84.7
82.2
76.1

74.0
72 4
67.8
589
57.8
599
59.6
588
58.2
59.2
55.5
56.7
630
60.8
70.8
688
71.7
89.8
956
100.0
87.6
110.7
103.1
93.8
966
77.8
80.9
79.2
73.4

438
499
50.3
465
45.6
45.0
47.3
48 9
51.1
509
50.7
51.0
52.0
623
59.7
62.2
66.8
85 5
938
100.0
104.4
124 6
120.5
111.5
122.2
106.8
105.8
99.2
91.1

1.7
2.0

O
-4 .9

-1.3
-5 .0

(*>
-4.6

’ Preliminary.
3 Data not available.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously pubBshed




Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

87.0
00.4
75.9
663
63 1
62 1
61.3
594
56.4
59.5
57.0
58.4
62.9
633
70.8
71.2
79.3
94 3
998
100.0
93.1
115 2
109.4
996
105 0
859
868
83.2
78.0

92.6
84.3
78.9
684
65 1
642
63.4
61.0
595
606
576
59.2
64.5
62.9
72.2
72.1
79.9
94.8
99.9
100.0
90.0
112.5
106.2
96.6
100 7
81.0
82.5
79.7
74.9

54.4
58.1
58.7
54.1
51.4
49.5
49.5
505
52.3
529
532
53.8
53.8
653
62.9
663
75.7
91.5
99.1
100.0
110.6
130.4
128.0
117.0
129.8
114 3
111.9
103.3
960

-1.3
-5.3

-1.8
-5.4

2.8
-4.7

AH employees

SOURCE: Output based on data from the Energy Information Administration, U.S.
Department of Energy. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics supplemented with data from the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S.
Department of Labor.

15

T able 14. N on m etallic m inerals, ex cep t fu els (S IC 14): Indexes o f o u tp u t per em p lo yee ho ur and o u tp ut per em p lo yee ,
1958-8 6
(1977 = 100)
Output per h o u r1

Output per employee '

Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .......................................
1959 ......................................
1960 ......................................
1961 .......................................
1962 .......................................
1963 ......................................
1964 ......................................
1965 ......................................
1966 ......................................
1967 ......................................
1968 ......................................
1969 ......................................
1970 ......................................
1971 .......................................
1972 ......................................
1973 ......................................
1974 .....................................
1975 ......................................
1976 ......................................
1977 ......................................
1978 .......................................
1979 ......................................
1980 ......................................
1981 ......................................
1982 ......................................
1983 ......................................
1984 ......................................
1985 ......................................
1986 2 ...................................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-86 .................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 .................................

Production workers

Ncnproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

60.4
61.5
61.6
64.2
67.5
70.3
73.6
75.2
78.9
77.9
84.7
86.9
897
89 1
926
97.2
93.6
90.6
962
100.0
104 8
102.7
96.6
94.7
89.3
98.2
105.5
107.6
108.7

57.0
58 1
585
61.3
643
675
70.9
720
75.4
75.2
81.7
83.8
868
87 1
90.7
960
929
91.6
96.4
100.0
104.4
102.4
980
98.1
93.5
102.6
109.1
111.5
112.5

77.6
79 9
77.1
78.1
832
83 3
86.5
90.6
94 9
89.5
97.2
1009
102.2
96.8
100.0
101.6
96.1
86.5
95.1
100.0
106.2
103.6
91.3
83 4
76.1
84 4
93 5
94.6
96 5

58.7
61.4
60.5
63.3
67.1
70.5
74.7
77.2
80.9
79.1
85.2
88.9
89.9
89.6
92.4
99.4
95.0
69.4
952
1 00 0
105.3
103 7
94 6
91.6
85.7
95.9
105.3
106.9
107.9

5 54
57.8
57.4
604
63.9
67.5
71.7
738
77.4
76.3
82.4
85.8
87.2
87 7
91.1
982
93.8
896
955
100.0
104 9
1034
95.8
94 6
89 6
1003
1093
111.3
112.0

76.2
80.5
76.2
78.2
828
84.3
88.8
94.2
97.4
91.9
98.5
1036
102.5
97.7
98 5
1054
99 8
88 9
94 2
100 0
106 7
105.1
90.5
81.5
73.9
82.2
92.5
93.1
94.7

(3)
3.8

2.5
3.7

(’ )
4.3

2.1
4.6

25
4.6

.5
4.6

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U S Department of the
Interior; the Bureau of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and
hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics supplemented with data from the
Mine Safety and Health Administration, U S. Department of Labor.

' The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
3 Data not available.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this tabie may

T a b le 15.
1 9 5 8 -8 6
(1977 = 100)

N o n m e ta llic m in e r a ls , e x c e p t fu e ls (S IC 14): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t, e m p lo y e e h o u rs , a n d e m p lo y e e s ,

Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .......................................
1959 .......................................
1960 .......................................
1961 ......................................
1962 ......................................
1963 ......................................
1964 .......................................
1965 ......................................
1966 ......................................
1967 .......................................
1968 ......................................
1969 ......................................
1970 ......................................
1971 ......................................
1972 .......................................
1973 ......................................
1974 ......................................
1975 ......................................
1976 ......................................
1977 .......................................
1978 .......................................
1979 ......................................
1980 .......................................
1981 ......................................
1982 .......................................
1983 ......................................
1984 .......................................
1985 .......................................
1986 ’ ...................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 4 -8 6 .................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 .................................

Product on workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

58.2
63.8
64.2
65.5
68.4
71.1
74.9
79 7
84.5
81.6
85.5
88.2
89.0
88.8
92.7
101.8
99.8
90.0
94.2
100.0
107.6
110.8
100.2
93.7
81.2
86.3
98.6
101.6
101.0

96.4
103.7
104.2
102.0
101.3
101.2
101.7
106.0
107.1
104.8
101.0
101.5
99.2
99.7
100.1
104.7
106.6
99.3
97.9
100.0
102.7
107.9
103.8
98.9
90.9
87.9
93 5
94.4
92.9

•02.1
•99.9
•09.7
•06.8
•36.3
•05.4
•05.6
f 10.7
f 12.0
•08.5
•04 6
'05.2
•02.5
•02.0
•02.2
•06.0
'07.4
38.2
97.7
•'30.0
•03.1
•08.2
•02.2
95.5
36.8
34.1
904
91.1
39.8

75.0
79.8
83.3
83.9
82.2
85.4
86.6
880
89.0
91.2
88.0
87.4
87.1
91.7
92.7
100.2
103.8
104.0
99.1
100.0
101.3
107.0
109.7
112.3
106.7
102 3
105.4
107.4
104.7

99.2
103.9
106.1
103.4
101.9
100.9
100.3
103.2
104.5
103.2
100.3
99.2
990
99.1
100 3
102.4
105.1
100.7
98.9
100.0
102.2
106.8
105.9
102.3
94.7
900
93.6
95.0
93.6

105.1
110.4
111.9
108.4
107.0
105.3
104.5
108.0
109.2
107.0
103.7
102.8
102.1
101.2
101.8
103.7
106.4
100.5
98.6
100.0
102.6
107.2
104.6
99.0
90.6
860
90.2
91.3
902

76.4
79.3
84.3
83.8
82.6
84.3
84.3
84.6
86.8
88.8
86.8
85.1
86.8
90.9
94.1
96.6
100.0
101.2
100.0
1000
100.8
105.4
110.7
114.9
109.9
105.0
106.6
109.1
106 6

2.0
3.4

(*)
-.4

-.4
-.3

l3)
-.9

-.1
-1.1

-.4
-1.1

1.5
-1.1

' Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U S. Department of the
2 Data not available.
Interior, the Bureau of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this := oe may
hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics supplemented with data from the
differ from those previously published.
Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S Department of Labor




16

T a b le 16. C ru s h e d a n d b ro k e n s to n e (S IC 142): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 5 8 -8 6

(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Y ear
All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 .......................................
1970 ........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .......................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

Production workers

All employees

Nonproduction workers

53.6
55.1
55.5
56.6
59.6
61.7
66.6
69.9
74.2
74.0
80.5
82.2
83.1
80.9
85.5
94.0
92.1
91.4
93.7
100.0
108.3
106.9
101.3
96.7
94.1
103.9
105.8
104.5
104.8

52.1
53.6
54.3
55.3
57.8
60.3
65.3
68.0
72.4
72.9
79.1
80.6
82.6
81.3
84.8
93.9
92.7
93.7
94.3
100.0
107.1
105.4
101.1
99.0
98.6
109.6
109.8
106.5
106.9

62.1
64.0
62.5
64.5
70.6
69.7
74.1
81.2
84.9
79.9
87.7
91.8
85.3
78.9
88.8
94.6
88.8
81.8
90.6
100.0
114.1
114.7
102.5
87.1
77.0
82.8
89.9
95.4
95.3

53.1
56.2
55.2
57.0
60.4
63.2
68.4
73.6
78.0
77.0
83.2
86.2
84.9
83.3
86.2
97.7
95.2
90.1
93.3
100.0
109.8
109.8
100.6
93.7
91.2
102.2
107.2
106.3
106.8

51.7
54.7
54.0
55.6
58.7
61.8
67.0
71.7
76.4
76.0
82.0
84.7
84.8
84.0
86.0
97.7
95.8
91.5
94.1
100.0
108.8
108.5
100.4
95.7
95.6
108.1
111.9
109.3
110.1

60.9
64.4
61.8
64.5
70.3
70.6
76.1
84.4
87.0
82.1
88.9
94.3
85.6
79.7
87.5
98.0
92.2
84.1
89.8
100.0
114.7
116.5
101.6
85.1
74.7
80.6
88.8
93.9
93.6

2.6
2.1

2.8
1.8

1.4
3.4

2.5
3.4

2.8
3.3

1.4
3.7

differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior; the Bureau of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and
hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics supplemented with data from the
M ine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
* Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

Table 17. Crushed and broken stone (SIC 142): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 .......................................
1971 ........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ..................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

54.6
59.6
61.8
60.6
64.0
66.4
70.5
76.8
81.8
78.4
83.6
87.3
88.2
89.2
94.0
108.2
107.3
94.1
93.8
100.0
109.5
114.8
101.6
88.9
80.3
87.9
96.8
102.3
104.7

101.9
108.1
111.3
107.0
107.4
107.7
105.8
109.9
110.2
106.0
103.9
106.2
106.2
110.2
110.0
115.1
116.5
102.9
100.1
100.0
101.1
107.4
100.3
91.9
85.3
84.6
91.5
97.9
99.9

104.7
111.1
113.9
109.6
110.8
110.2
108.0
113.0
113.0
107.6
105.7
108.3
106.8
109.7
110.9
115.2
115.7
100.4
99.5
100.0
102.2
108.9
100.5
89.8
81.4
80.2
88.2
96.1
97.9

87.9
93.1
98.9
94.0
90.7
95.3
95.1
94.6
96.4
98.1
95.3
95.1
103.4
113.0
105.8
114.4
120.9
115.0
103.5
100.0
96.0
100.1
99.1
102.1
104.3
106.2
107.7
107.2
109.9

102.9
106.1
112.0
106.4
105.9
105.1
103.1
104.4
104.9
101.8
100.5
101.3
103.9
107.1
109.0
110.7
112.7
104.4
100.5
100.0
99.7
104.6
101.0
94.9
88.0
86.0
90.3
96.2
98.0

105.6
109.0
114.4
109.0
109.0
107.4
105.3
107.1
107.1
103.1
101.9
103.1
104.0
106.2
109.3
110.7
112.0
102.8
99.7
100.0
100.6
105.8
101.2
92.9
84.0
81.3
86.5
93.6
95.1

89.6
92.6
100.0
94.0
91.0
94.0
92.6
91.0
94.0
95.5
94.0
92.6
103.0
111.9
107.4
110.4
116.4
111.9
104.5
100.0
95.5
98.5
100.0
104.5
107.5
109.0
109.0
109.0
111.9

2.0
4.8

- .6
2.6

-.8
3.0

.6
1.3

-.5
1.4

-.7
1.4

.7
1.1

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

1 Preliminary.
Interior; the Bureau of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics supplemented with data from the
differ from those previously published.
Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Departm ent of the




17

T a b le 18. R e d m e a t p ro d u c ts (S IC 2 0 1 1 , 20 1 3 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 6 7 -8 6

(1977=100)
Output per h o u r1

Output per em ployee 1

Year
All employees
Index:
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 ....................... .................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 ............,............................
1981 ....... .................................
1982 ........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 6 7 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

74.8
76.6
75.7
77.3
79.3
85.0
82.8
84.5
84.4
93.4
100.0
98.8
101.7
107.0
107.9
112.3
115.9
117.0
119.5
122.1

76.5
76.6
76.1
77.0
78.1
84.1
83.0
84.6
85.0
93.6
100.0
98.7
100.8
106.0
106.3
110.9
115.0
115.3
117.6
119.5

69.0
76.5
74.3
78.5
84.6
88.7
81.7
84.4
82.2
92.2
100.0
99.4
104.9
111.3
114.9
117.6
119.5
123.6
127.1
132.9

76.3
76.8
76.0
78.1
80.6
85.3
82.5
85.6
84.5
94.3
100.0
98.3
101.9
106.3
107.5
111.1
115.2
115.7
118.8
120.7

78.4
78.5
77.8
78.9
80.0
84.5
82.6
85.8
85.0
94.8
100.0
97.9
101.1
104.9
105.6
109.5
114.1
113.6
116.7
117.7

69.7
71.2
70.3
75.4
82 9
88.6
82.0
84.9
82.6
92.4
100.0
99.4
104.9
111.3
114.9
117.6
119.5
123.6
127.1
132.9

2.9
2.4

2.8
2.2

3.4
2.9

2.8
2.3

2.5
2.1

3.6
2.9

1 The output measures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of em ployees.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
2 Preliminary.
Census, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the U.S. Departm ent of Agriculture.

Table 19. Red meat products (SIC 2011, 2013): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1967-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All em ployees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

76.5
77.3
76.2
78.3
81.8
84.9
78.2
85.2
82.3
92.8
100.0
97.1
97.9
101.4
100.5
100.7
102.9
104.1
105.6
107.1

102.3
100.9
100.6
101.3
103.1
99.9
94.5
100.8
97.5
99.4
100.0
98.3
96.3
94.8
93.1
89.7
88.8
89.0
88.4
87.7

100.0
100.9
100.1
101.7
104.8
101.0
94.2
100.7
96.8
99.1
100.0
98.4
97.1
95.7
94.5
90.8
89.5
90.3
89.8
89.6

110.8
101.1
102.6
99.8
96.7
95.7
95.7
101.0
100.1
100.6
100.0
97.7
93.3
91.1
87.5
85.6
86.1
84.2
83.1
80.6

100.2
100.7
100.2
100.2
101.5
99.5
94.8
99.5
97.4
98.4
100.0
98.8
96.1
95.4
93.5
90.6
89.3
90.0
88.9
88.7

97.6
98.5
98.0
99.3
102.3
100.5
94.7
99.3
96.8
97.9
100.0
99.2
96.8
96.7
95.2
92.0
90.2
91.6
90.5
91.0

109.7
108.6
108.4
103.8
98.7
95.8
95.4
100.4
99.6
100.4
100.0
97.7
93.3
91.1
87.5
85.6
86.1
84.2
83.1
80.6

2.0
1.4

- .8
-1 .0

-.7
-.8

-1 .3
-1 .5

- .7
-.9

-.5
-.7

-1 .5
-1 .5

'

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Elecause of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture,

18

T a b le 20 .

M e a t p a c k in g p la n ts (S IC 2 0 1 1 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 6 7 -8 6

(1977 = 100)
Output per h o u r1

Output per employee 1

Y ear
All employees
Index:
1967 ........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 .......................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 6 7 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

73.6
76.1
76.3
78.7
79.8
87.1
88.7
88.1
88.6
97.5
100.0
100.9
104.6
108.9
113.9
119.5
123.4
125.6
130.1
131.7

76.1
77.1
77.6
79.0
78.6
86.0
88.7
87.6
88.6
97.4
100.0
100.9
103.9
107.4
111.9
117.6
122.4
122.9
126.5
127.3

64.4
71.8
71.2
77.5
85.0
91.8
88.4
89.7
88.7
97.7
100.0
100.9
108.2
115.8
123.4
129.2
128.4
138.4
148.0
155.7

74.6
76 1
76.4
79 6
81.3
87.2
88.2
89.0
88.2
97.9
100.0
100.4
104.6
108.3
113.3
118.6
122.5
123.6
128.6
129.9

77.4
78 8
78.9
80 9
80 9
86.2
88.0
88.7
88.0
97.9
100.0
100.2
103.9
106.6
111.1
116.3
121.2
120.6
124.7
124.8

65.0
66 9
67.4
74 6
83.4
91.7
88 7
90.3
89 1
97.9
100.0
100.9
108.2
1158
123.4
129.2
128 4
138 4
148 0
155.7

3.3
2.9

3.1
2.5

4.3
4.8

3.2
2.7

2.8
2.3

4.5
4.8

1 The output measures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Table 21. Meat packing plants (SIC 2011): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1967-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employees

Employee hours
Y ear

Output
All employees

Index:
1967 .........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 ' .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

81.3
82.3
81.9
84.1
85.9
88.1
83.1
89.2
86.4
97.3
100.0
98.2
99.1
101.3
102.4
101.8
102.3
104.1
105.1
104.6

110.5
108.2
107.3
106.8
107.7
101.2
93.7
101.3
97.5
99.8
100.0
97.3
94.7
93.0
89.9
85.2
82.9
82.9
80.8
79.4

106.8
106.7
105.5
106.5
109.3
102.4
93.7
101.8
97.5
99.9
100.0
97.3
95.4
94.3
91.5
86.6
83.6
84.7
83.1
82.2

126.3
114.6
115.0
108.5
101.0
96.0
94.0
99.4
97.4
99.6
100.0
97.3
91.6
87.5
83.0
78.8
79.7
75.2
71.0
67.2

109.0
108.1
107.2
105.7
105.6
101.0
94.2
100.2
98.0
99.4
100.0
97.8
94.7
93.5
90.4
85.8
83.5
84.2
81.7
80.5

105.1
104.5
103.8
104.0
106.2
102.2
94.4
100.6
98.2
99.4
100.0
98.0
95.4
95.0
92.2
87.5
84.4
86.3
84.3
83.8

125.1
123.0
121.5
112.8
103.0
96.1
93.7
98.8
97.0
99.4
100.0
97.3
91.6
87.5
83.0
78.8
79.7
75.2
71.0
67.2

1.6
.6

-1 .7
-2 .2

-1 .5
-1 .8

-2 .6
-4 .0

-1 .6
-2 .0

-1 .2
-1 .6

-2 .8
-4 .0

’ Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture,

19

T a b le 22. S a u s a g e s a n d o th e r p re p a re d m e a ts (S IC 20 1 3 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r an d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e ,
1 9 6 7 -8 6

(1977 = 100)
Output per em ployee 1

Output per h o u r1
Y ear
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

79.2
78.9
73.8
72.8
78.8
80.2
69.1
76.7
74.8
84.2
100.0
93.8
95.0
102.3
95.0
96.5
100.0
99.5
98.8
102.2

80.1
77.2
72.9
72.0
78.2
79.8
69.7
78.2
77.0
85.6
100.0
93.1
93.8
101.6
93.1
95.2
97.7
98.1
97.7
100.5

76.9
83.8
76.5
75.1
80.4
81.4
67.6
73.1
69.6
80.5
100.0
95.8
98.4
104.2
100.4
100.5
106.4
103.6
101.8
107.0

81.5
78.9
74.4
73.1
78.6
81.0
69.3
77.7
75.8
85.8
100.0
93.1
95.4
101.4
94.5
95.7
100.2
99.3
99.7
102.6

83.1
79.2
75.1
73.5
78.4
80.8
69.8
79.3
78.4
87.9
100.0
92.1
94.2
100.3
92.5
94.0
98.0
97.8
98.9
101.0

77.8
78.1
72.5
72.2
78.8
81.3
67.8
73.6
69.9
80.7
100.0
95.8
98.4
104.2
100.4
100.5
106.4
103.6
101.8
107.0

2.0
1.2

1.9
1.3

2.2
.9

1.9
1.5

1.7
1.7

2.4
.9

Index:
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

1 The output m easures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the U.S. D epartm ent of Agriculture.

Table 23. Sausages and other prepared meats (SIC 2013): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1967-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 6 7 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

64.3
65.0
61.8
63.5
71.8
77.5
66.7
75.9
72.8
82.4
100.0
94.3
94.8
101.5
95.7
97.9
103.6
103.6
106.1
111.5

81.2
82.4
83.7
87.2
91.1
96.6
96.5
98.9
97.3
97.9
100.0
100.5
99.8
99.2
100.7
101.4
103.6
104.1
107.4
109.1

80.3
84.2
84.8
88.2
91.8
97.1
95.7
97.1
94.6
96.3
100.0
101.3
101.1
99.9
102.8
102.8
106.0
105.6
108.6
111.0

83.6
77.6
80.8
84.6
89.3
95.2
98.7
103.8
104.6
102.3
100.0
98.4
96.3
97.4
95.3
97.4
97.4
100.0
104.2
104.2

78.9
82.4
83.1
86.9
91.4
95.7
96.3
97.7
96.0
96.0
100.0
101.3
99.4
100.1
101.3
102.3
103.4
104.3
106.4
108.7

77.4
82.1
82.3
86.4
91.6
95.9
95.5
95.7
92.9
93.7
100.0
102.4
100.6
101.2
103.5
104.1
105.7
105.9
107.3
110.4

82.7
83.2
85.3
88.0
91.1
95.3
98.4
103.1
104.2
102.1
100.0
98.4
96.3
97.4
95.3
97.4
97.4
100.0
104.2
104.2

3.3
2.9

1.3
1.7

1.4
1.6

1.1
1.9

1.4
1.4

1.6
1.2

.9
1.9

Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture,

20

T a b le 24 .
1 9 6 3 -8 5

P o u ltry d re s s in g a n d p ro c e s s in g p la n ts (S IC 2 0 1 6 , 20 17): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e ,

(1977=100)
Output per h o u r1

Output per employee 1

Y ear
All employees
Index:
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-85 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

73.4
75.1
75.2
74.1
80.6
77.9
76.8
78.3
85.5
88.1
77.5
87.3
87.9
98.6
100.0
101.3
106.1
105.7
116.4
125.6
131.7
130.3
133.2

71.9
73.8
73.9
72.6
78.7
76.2
74.9
76.5
84.2
86.4
76.0
87.2
88.6
100.2
100.0
99.8
105.6
105.5
114.5
124.4
130.7
129.8
131.8

88.4
89.3
88.5
89.6
101.5
95.6
97.0
98.4
97.7
106.5
91.9
88.0
81.6
86.7
100.0
115.4
111.5
108.2
135.4
136.8
140.4
135.1
146.4

74.4
77.2
78.7
78.1
83.6
79.8
79.9
82.3
87.1
92.7
80.1
90.1
88.5
99.7
100.0
101.9
107.7
106.2
115.3
127.3
134.1
133.1
136.3

73.1
75.8
77.6
77.0
81.9
78.7
78.6
80.9
86.0
91.2
78.9
90.3
89.3
101.3
100.0
100.6
107.2
105.9
113.4
126.1
133.4
132.7
135.2

88.0
89.9
88.7
89.2
100.8
90.6
92.8
95.6
96.9
106.9
93.0
89.3
82.5
87.8
100.0
115.4
112.0
108.9
135.7
137.3
140.3
135.6
146.7

2.9
3.1

3.0
3.3

2.1
1.4

2.8
3.9

2.9
4.1

2.2
1.4

_______________

1 The output measures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 25. Poultry dressing and processing plants (SIC 2016, 2017): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1963-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-85 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

80.1
87.3
78.7
88.4
83.3
98.8
100.0
106.5
119.5
127.7
140.9
153.1
159.2
152.5
162.2

72.6
74.8
77.1
81.0
90.2
91.7
97.7
99.7
93.7
99.1
101.5
101.3
94.8
100.2
100.0
105.1
112.6
120.8
121.1
121.9
120.9
117.0
121.8

74.1
76.2
78.5
82.7
92.4
93.7
100.1
102.1
95.1
101.1
103.5
101.4
94.0
98.6
100.0
106.7
113.2
121.1
123.1
123.1
121.8
117.5
123.1

60.3
62.9
65.5
67.0
71.6
74.7
77.3
79.4
82.0
82.0
85.6
100.5
102.1
113.9
100.0
92.3
107.2
118.0
104.1
111.9
113.4
112.9
110.8

71.6
72.8
73.7
76.8
87.0
89.5
93.9
94.9
92.0
94.2
98.2
98.1
94.1
99.1
100.0
104.5
111.0
120.2
122.2
120.3
118.7
114.6
119.0

72.9
74.1
74.7
77.9
88.8
90.7
95.4
96.5
93.1
95.7
99.8
97.9
93.3
97.5
100.0
105.9
111.5
120.6
124.3
121.4
119.3
114.9
120.0

81.7
82.7
81.7
84.6
99.0
101.0
112.5
100.0
92.3
106.7
117.3
103.8
111.5
113.5
112.5
110.6

5.2
2.8

2.2
-.3

2.1
-.5

3.1
1.3

2.4
-1 .0

2.3
-1 .2

3.0
1.4

53.3
56.2
58.0
60.0
72.7
71.4
75.0
78.1

Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

60.6
62.5
65.4
67.3
72.1
78.8
8 0 .8

SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

21

T a b le 2 6 . Flu id m ilk (S IC 20 26): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r, o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , o u tp u t, e m p lo y e e h o u rs , a n d
e m p lo y e e s , 1 9 5 8 -8 5
(1977 = 100)
Y ear
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 ' .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Output per
em ployee hour

Output per
employee

Output

Employee hours

Employees

48.5
49.8
50.9
51.9
54.2
57.4
58.6
59.3
61.0
62.9
66.5
69.6
73.7
79.4
85.1
88.4
90.9
95.5
99.5
100.0
107.9
115.6
123.9
128.0
135.3
142.4
147.7
152.3

48.4
49.7
50.8
51.8
53.8
56.8
57.9
58.7
60.3
62.2
64.4
67.3
71.3
77.3
83.7
87.2
89.7
94.3
98.1
100.0
106.4
113.5
122.0
125.1
132.2
139.5
144.8
150.4

89.8
92.0
93.3
93.7
95.3
98.6
100.0
99.8
98.5
98.1
97.7
98.0
99.2
101.1
102.9
100.4
98.3
99.4
100.6
100.0
101.6
101.5
101.6
99.6
101.1
102.4
104.1
106.3

185.0
184.9
183.2
180.7
175.8
171.8
170.7
168.2
161.5
156.0
147.0
140.9
134.6
127.3
120.9
113.6
108.1
104.1
101.1
100.0
94.2
87.8
82.0
77.8
74.7
71.9
70.5
69.8

185.6
185.0
183.8
180.8
177.3
173.7
172.6
170.0
163.4
157.7
151.7
145.6
139.1
130.8
122.9
115.1
109.6
105.4
102.5
100.0
95.5
89.4
83.3
79.6
76.5
73.4
71.9
70.7

4.6
4.4

4.5
4.7

.4
1.6

-4 .0
-2 .7

-4 .0
-2 .9

' Preliminary.
S O U R C E: Output based on data from the Economic Research Service, U.S.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
D epartm ent of Agriculture; and the Bureau of the Census. Employm ent and hours
may differ from those previously published.
based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.




22

T a b le 2 7 . P re s e rv e d fru its a n d v e g e ta b le s (S IC 20 3 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e ,
1 9 5 8 -8 5
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee '

Output per hour 1
Year
Nonproduction workers

54.7
54.8
58.6
60.3
63.2
65.8
67.9
70.3
70.0
73.8
75.6
76.9
79.7
83.1
84.6
93.1
91.7
93.7
100.1
100.0
104.1
98.9
100.8
99.2
107.9
110.4
113.1
112.6

53.7
53.6
57.3
58.8
61.5
64.5
66.7
69.0
68.7
71.6
73.4
74.9
78.6
82.3
83.8
93.0
90.4
92.5
99.4
100.0
103.6
99.2
102.0
99.8
110.1
113.0
114.8
115.6

60.4
62.2
68.4
71.8
75.6
75.3
75.8
79.0
79.0
89.6
91.0
91.2
87.3
88.2
89.9
93.7
99.9
101.4
105.2
100.0
107.0
97.5
94.7
95.5
96.6
97.9
104.0
98.6

2.7
3.1

2.9
3.4

1.9
1.4

1 The output m easures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.

Nonproduction workers

54.2
55.1
59.4
60.1
63.8
64.6
67.8
70.4
69.7
73.6
73.4
75.5
78.7
83.2
84.6
93.6
91.2
92.3
97.2
100.0
102.7
99.2
103.8
101.1
109.2
113.1
114.9
113.1

62.2
64.0
69.7
72.1
75.5
75.1
75.9
78.8
78.6
89.1
86.3
87.6
85.0
87.3
90.4
94.8
101.2
102.4
106.4
100.0
107.2
98.0
95.4
95.9
97.0
97.9
104.5
99.0

2.7
2.5

Production workers

Production workers

55.3
56.3
60.8
61.6
65.4
66.0
68.8
71.5
70.9
75.5
75.1
77.1
79.6
83.9
85.4
93.8
92.6
93.7
98.4
100.0
103.4
99.0
102.3
100.3
107.1
110.4
113.2
110.6

All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 4 7 -8 5 ..................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

2.9
2.8

1.7
1.4

All employees

SO URCE: Output based on data from the National Canners Association; U.S.
Departm ent of Agriculture; the Bureau of Labor Statistics; the Bureau of Competitive
Assessment and Business Policy; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and
the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 28. Preserved fruits and vegetables (SIC 203): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .......................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 4 7 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

46.9
47.8
52.7
54.0
56.4
58.6
61.4
65.1
66.6
71.2
72.9
75.7
75.9
80.5
84.9
93.5
90.5
88.5
92.8
100.0
106.6
102.9
102.0
97.2
100.2
100.9
105.6
104.2

85.8
87.3
89.9
89.5
89.2
89.0
90.4
92.6
95.2
96.5
96.4
98.4
95.2
96.9
100.3
100.4
98.7
94.5
92.7
100.0
102.4
104.0
101.2
98.0
92.9
91.4
93.4
92.5

87.3
89.1
92.0
91.9
91.7
90.9
92.0
94.3
97.0
99.5
99.3
101.1
96.6
97.8
101.3
100.5
100.1
95.7
93.4
100.0
102.9
103.7
100.0
97.4
91.0
89.3
92.0
90.1

77.7
76.9
77.0
75.2
74.6
77.8
81.0
82.4
84.3
79.5
80.1
83.0
86.9
91.3
94.4
99.8
90.6
87.3
88.2
100.0
99.6
105.5
107.7
101.8
103.7
103.1
101.5
105.7

84.8
84.9
86.7
87.6
86.2
88.8
89.2
91.0
94.0
94.3
97.1
98.2
95.4
95.9
99.4
99.7
97.7
94.5
94.3
100.0
103.1
103.9
99.7
96.9
93.6
91.4
93.3
94.2

86.5
86.7
88.7
89.8
88.4
90.7
90.6
92.5
95.6
96.8
99.3
100.3
96.4
96.7
100.4
99.9
99.2
95.9
95.5
100.0
103.8
103.7
98.3
96.1
91.8
89.2
91.9
92.1

75.4
74.7
75.6
74.9
74.7
78.0
80.9
82.6
84.7
79.9
84.5
86.4
89.3
92.2
93.9
98.6
89.4
86.4
87.2
100.0
99.4
105.0
106.9
101.4
103.3
103.1
101.1
105.3

3.4
1.9

.6
-1.1

.4
-1 .4

1.4
.5

.6
-.6

.4
-.8

1.6
.5

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SO URCE: Output based on data from the National Canners Association; U.S.




D epartm ent of Agriculture; the Bureau of Labor Statistics; the Bureau of Competitive
Assessment and Business Policy; the National O ceanic and Atmospheric
Administration; and the Bureau of the Census.
Employment and hours based on
data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

23

Table 29. Canned fruits and vegetables (SIC 2033): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per h our1

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85 ............................
1981-85 ............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

53.6
52.7
57.7
57.9
59.8
66.4
68.0
68.6
70.0
72.0
71.8
74.9
76.4
78.7
84.5
94.4
93.3
92.2
102.3
100.0
104.0
101.9
101.4
100.7
108.6
112.2
115.7
122.6

53.4
51.8
56.5
56.5
58.2
65.9
68.0
68.6
70.0
70.8
70.4
73.4
75.9
78.3
84.7
94.2
91.1
90.4
101.2
100.0
103.7
103.0
104.0
101.5
110.8
115.5
119.9
127.3

54.9
60.1
68.2
70.0
74.2
70.3
67.9
67.7
69.4
81.9
83.0
87.3
80.0
81.5
83.3
95.2
113.7
107.7
109.4
100.0
106.5
94.1
86.1
95.3
95.2
92.9
92.2
96.3

54.3
54.4
60.4
59.4
62.9
66.2
68.7
69.4
71.1
75.2
71.9
75.7
76.1
80.0
84.8
95.2
94.7
93.6
99.0
100.0
101.8
103.9
102.9
100.6
109.1
112.7
116.3
121.5

54.1
53.6
59.3
58.2
61.7
65.8
68.9
69.7
71.4
74.5
71.1
74.7
75.9
79.9
85.1
95.2
92.4
91.8
97.5
100.0
101.2
105.5
105.6
101.5
111.5
116.1
120.5
126.0

56.6
61.8
69.5
70.4
74.2
70.2
68.1
67.6
69.0
81.4
78.7
83.8
77.8
80.8
83.8
96.4
115.2
108.9
110.7
100.0
106.1
94.3
86.4
95.3
95.1
92.6
92.5
96.5

3.0
4.7

3.2
5.5

1.9
-.1

2.9
4.5

3.1
5.2

1.9
(3)

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

' The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
3 Less than .05 percent.

Table 30. Canned fruits and vegetables (SIC 2033): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-85
(1977=100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 1 ...............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85 ............................
1981-85............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

71.3
70.5
75.8
76.7
79.3
82.1
85.1
84.5
86.9
91.2
90.5
93.0
88.7
91.3
92.2
102.1
97.9
94.7
98.5
100.0
101.9
103.7
99.4
95.3
93.2
88.9
97.1
99.4

133.1
133.7
131.3
132.4
132.7
123.6
125.1
123.2
124.2
126.7
126.1
124.2
116.1
116.0
109.1
108.2
104.9
102.7
96.3
100.0
98.0
101.8
98.0
94.6
85.8
79.2
83.9
81.1

133.6
136.0
134.1
135.7
136.2
124.6
125.1
123.1
124.1
128.9
128.5
126.7
116.8
116.6
108.9
108.4
107.5
104.8
97.3
100.0
98.3
100.7
95.6
93.9
84.1
77.0
81.0
78.1

129.8
117.4
111.1
109.6
106.9
116.8
125.4
124.8
125.3
111.4
109.1
106.5
110.9
112.0
110.7
107.2
86.1
87.9
90.0
100.0
95.7
110.2
115.5
100.0
97.9
95.7
105.3
103.2

131.3
129.6
125.6
129.1
126.1
124.0
123.9
121.8
122.3
121.2
125.9
122.9
116.6
114.1
108.7
107.3
103.4
101.2
99.5
100.0
100.1
99.8
96.6
94.7
85.4
78.9
83.5
81.8

131.9
131.6
127.8
131.7
128.6
124.8
123.6
121.3
121.7
122.4
127.3
124.5
116.9
114.2
108.4
107.3
105.9
103.2
101.0
100.0
100.7
98.3
94.1
93.9
83.6
76.6
80.6
78.9

126.0
114.0
109.0
109.0
106.9
117.0
125.0
125.0
126.0
112.0
115.0
111.0
114.0
113.0
110.0
105.9
85.0
87.0
89.0
100.0
96.0
110.0
115.0
100.0
98.0
96.0
105.0
103.0

1.1
1.3

-1.9
-3.2

-2.0
-4.0

-.8
1.4

-1.8
-3.1

-1.9
-3.8

-.8
1.3

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

24

Table 31. Grain mill products (SIC 204): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1963-85
(1977 = 100)
Output per hour ’

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-85............................
1981-85............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

61.0
64.3
66.0
68.8
73.0
77.0
78.3
79.7
83.3
85.5
81.7
86.4
87.1
91.1
100.0
100.2
101.0
105.3
110.9
121.0
125.5
132.8
144.9

60.8
64.3
66.0
69.2
72.8
75.9
77.6
78.9
82.5
84.5
80.0
86.0
86.2
91.1
100.0
100.8
100.3
105.4
111.2
123.2
127.4
136.7
150.4

61.5
64.2
65.8
67.7
73.6
80.0
80.4
81.9
85.4
87.8
86.3
87.2
89.5
91.1
100.0
98.7
103.1
105.1
110.1
115.6
120.7
123.6
132.0

63.0
66.7
68.4
71.0
74.4
77.4
79.3
79.8
83.1
87.6
86.1
87.3
88.6
92.4
100.0
99.9
101.9
105.6
112.8
119.2
124.0
130.7
142.5

63.8
67.6
69.7
72.6
75.0
78.1
80.2
79.9
82.5
87.4
85.6
86.9
87.9
92.6
100.0
100.4
101.2
105.4
113.7
120.6
125.5
133.6
147.4

61.3
64.4
65.7
67 4
73.3
75.9
77.2
79.7
84.6
88.3
87.2
88.4
90.3
92.0
100.0
98.6
103.4
105.9
110.5
115.9
120.5
124.1
132.5

3.5
6.5

3.6
7.3

3.2
4.4

3.3
5.8

3.3
6.4

3.3
4.4

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census; Agricultural Marketing
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; the Rice Millers' Association; and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and
the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 32. Grain mill products (SIC 204): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1963-85
(1977=100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-85............................
1981-85............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

63.1
65.2
65.5
68.2
73.7
75.4
78.8
79.9
79.4
86.4
84.1
88.1
89.5
93.7
100.0
102.7
103.1
106.5
109.2
113.5
116.2
118.5
125.3

103.4
101.4
99.2
99.1
100.9
97.9
100.6
100.2
95.3
101.1
102.9
102.0
102.7
102.9
100.0
102.5
102.1
101.1
98.5
93.8
92.6
89.2
86.5

103.8
101.4
99.2
98.6
101.2
99.3
101.6
101.3
96.2
102.2
105.1
102.5
103.8
102.9
100.0
101.9
102.8
101.0
98.2
92.1
91.2
86.7
83.3

102.6
101.5
99.6
100.7
100.2
94.3
98.0
97.5
93.0
98.4
97.5
101.0
100.0
102.9
100.0
104.1
100.0
101.3
99.2
98.2
96.3
95.9
94.9

100.2
97.8
95.7
96.0
99.0
97.4
99.4
100.1
95.5
98.6
97.7
100.9
101.0
101.4
100.0
102.8
101.2
100.9
96.8
95.2
93.7
90.7
87.9

98.9
96.5
94.0
93.9
98.3
96.6
98.3
100.0
96.3
98.8
98.3
101.4
101.8
101.2
100.0
102.3
101.9
101.0
96.0
94.1
92.6
88.7
85.0

103.0
101.2
99.7
101.2
100.6
99.4
102.1
100.3
93.8
97.9
96.5
99.7
99.1
101.8
100.0
104.2
99.7
100.6
98.8
97.9
96.4
95.5
94.6

3.1
3.2

-.4
-3.1

-.5
-3.8

-.1
-1.1

-.2
-2.4

-.2
-3.0

-.2
-1.1

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census; Agricultural




Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; the Rice Millers’ Association; and
the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

25

Table 33. Flour (including flour mixes) and other grains (SIC 2041, 2045): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per
employee, 1963-85
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Year
All employees
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................. ...............
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-85 ............................
1981-85............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

65.0
69.1
71.2
74.9
77.9
81.2
80.3
84.2
86.2
86.3
86.6
93.5
91.8
92.8
100.0
98.0
95.1
98.1
99.1
112.3
117.7
122.9
126.0

62.9
68.6
69.9
73.3
76.1
78.1
77.7
82.4
83.3
83.4
82.6
90.1
90.3
93.8
100.0
96.6
92.7
95.9
96.8
109.8
116.0
120.9
125.5

71.8
70.7
75.5
79.9
83.2
91.5
88.8
89.9
95.7
95.8
100.5
104.7
96.9
90.1
100.0
102.4
102.3
105.1
106.3
119.9
122.7
129.1
127.5

68.2
71.8
73.1
76.4
79.1
82.1
81.1
84.2
86.6
89.1
90.2
93.5
91.8
93.3
100.0
98.8
98.7
99.4
101.4
109.0
117.3
120.7
123.2

66.9
72.2
72.3
75.4
77.8
80.3
79.7
83.3
83.7
86.6
86.2
89.4
89.7
94.4
100.0
97.4
97.1
97.1
99.5
105.0
115.3
117.4
121.4

71.6
70.8
75.1
79.3
82.7
86.8
85.0
87.0
94.4
96.0
101.6
105.8
97.7
90.7
100.0
102.2
102.7
105.3
106.6
120.3
122.4
129.4
128.0

2.6
5.9

2.6
6.3

2.4
4.5

2.4
5.0

2.3
5.2

2.5
4.5

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 34. Flour (including flour mixes) and other grains (SIC 2041, 2045): Indexes of output, employee hours, and
employees, 1963-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 1 ...............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-85 ............................
1981-85............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

84.1
88.2
84.9
87.3
92.3
93.0
93.6
92.0
87.6
89.1
94.3
98.2
99.1
99.9
100.0
99.2
98.3
97.7
98.9
99.4
106.5
105.1
105.7

129.4
127.6
119.2
116.5
118.5
114.5
116.5
109.3
101.6
103.2
108.9
105.0
107.9
107.7
100.0
101.2
103.4
99.6
99.8
88.5
90.5
85.5
83.9

133.8
128.6
121.5
119.1
121.3
119.1
120.4
111.7
105.2
106.8
114.2
109.0
109.8
106.5
100.0
102.7
106.0
101.9
102.2
90.5
91.8
86.9
84.2

117.1
124.8
112.4
109.3
110.9
101.6
105 4
102.3
91.5
93.0
93.8
93.8
102.3
110.9
100.0
96.9
96.1
93.0
93.0
82.9
86.8
81.4
82.9

123 3
122.9
116.2
114.2
116.7
113.3
115.4
109.2
101.2
100.0
104.6
105.0
107.9
107.1
100.0
100.4
99.6
98.3
97.5
91.2
90.8
87.1
85.8

125.7
122.2
117.5
115.8
118.7
115.8
117.5
110.5
104.7
102.9
109.4
109.9
110.5
105.8
100.0
101.8
101.2
100.6
99.4
94.7
92.4
89.5
87.1

117.4
124.6
113 0
110.1
1116
107.2
110.1
105.8
92.8
92.8
92.8
92.8
101.4
110.1
100.0
97.1
95.7
92.8
92.8
82.6
87.0
81.2
82.6

.9
1.9

-1.6
-3.7

-1.7
-4.2

-1.4
-2.5

-1.4
-3.0

-1.4
-3.2

-1.5
-2.5

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

26

Table 35. Flour and other grain mill products (SIC 2041): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per employee 1

Output per h ou r1
Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ............................
1981-86............................

Nonproduction workers

Production workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

48.7
47.0
49.4
51.4
52.9
59.4
62.6
64.5
68.4
70.6
74.7
73.0
76.6
77.7
80.8
80.4
84.4
85.8
85.1
100.0
100.9
97.3
94.8
96.7
104.1
110.4
114.9
122.9
134.1

49.2
46.8
49.5
50.7
51.5
57.9
61.4
63.7
67.2
70.2
73.0
71.8
76.0
76.3
78.9
78.0
82.6
85.8
86.7
100.0
99.6
95.9
93.7
95.1
100.9
107.7
112.8
121.9
124.3

47.7
47.9
49.5
54.3
58.0
65.2
66.8
67.4
73.2
71.9
80.7
77.0
78.8
82.1
87.7
88.9
90.9
85.8
80.7
100.0
105.3
102.1
98.8
102.2
115.2
119.5
122.2
126.2
177.7

48.7
48.4
51.6
53.7
55.7
63.0
65.7
66.5
70.7
72.1
75.7
73.7
77.6
78.6
83.5
82.6
84.5
85.2
84.5
100.0
102.1
100.1
98.1
99.6
102.6
112.5
114.8
122.0
134.8

48.6
48.1
52.1
53.4
54.9
62.2
65.2
66.3
70.1
72.4
75.4
73.7
78.0
77.7
81.9
80.1
82.1
84.7
85.7
100.0
100.6
99.1
97.5
98.2
98.4
109.8
112.2
120.1
123.0

49.2
49.4
50.4
54.5
57.9
65.1
66.9
67.2
72.6
71.5
76.5
73.8
76.6
81.2
88.2
90.0
92.1
86.5
81.5
100.0
106.2
103.0
99.8
103.3
115.5
119.9
122.2
127.9
180.3

3.6
6.4

3.6
5.7

3.5
9.1

3.5
6.0

3.5
5.1

3.3
9.3

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
2 Preliminary.
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 36. Flour and other grain mill products (SIC 2041): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1977=100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ............................
1981-86 ............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

88.1
88.5
90.1
91.4
91.7
90.4
92.1
88.5
91.0
94.8
96.1
94.5
94.5
90.7
86.2
90.0
94.3
96.6
94.8
100.0
98.8
98.2
97.5
100.9
99.3
106.0
102.3
104.1
113.2

180.8
188.1
182.4
177.7
173.3
152.1
147.1
137.3
133.0
134.2
128.7
129.5
123.4
116.8
106.7
111.9
111.7
112.6
111.4
100.0
97.9
100.9
102.8
104.3
95.4
96.0
89.0
84.7
84.4

179.2
189.1
182.2
180.4
177.9
156.1
149.9
139.0
135.5
135.0
131.7
131.7
124.4
118.8
109.3
115.4
114.2
112.6
109.3
100.0
99.2
102.4
104.1
106.1
98.4
98.4
90.7
85.4
91.1

184.6
184.6
182.2
168.4
158.1
138.6
137.9
131.4
124.4
131.8
119.1
122.8
119.9
110.5
98.3
101.2
103.7
112.6
117.5
100.0
93.8
96.2
98.7
98.7
86.2
88.7
83.7
82.5
63.7

180.8
182.7
174.5
170.3
164.7
143.6
140.2
133.0
128.8
131.4
126.9
128.3
121.8
115.4
103.2
108.9
111.6
113.4
112.2
100.0
96.8
98.1
99.4
101.3
96.8
94.2
89.1
85.3
84.0

181.4
184.0
172.8
171.2
167.0
145.3
141.2
133.4
129.8
130.9
127.4
128.3
121.2
116.8
105.2
112.3
114.9
114.1
110.6
100.0
98.2
99.1
100.0
102.7
100.9
96.5
91.2
86.7
92.0

179.2
179.3
178.8
167.6
158.5
138.9
137.7
131.7
125.3
132.6
125.6
128.0
123.3
111.7
97.7
100.0
102.4
111.7
116.3
100.0
93.0
95.3
97.7
97.7
86.0
88.4
83.7
81.4
62.8

.6
2.0

-2.8
-4.2

-2.9
-3.6

-2.7
-6.6

-2.7
-3.8

-2.7
-3.0

-2.6
-6.7

'

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

27

Table 37. Cereal breakfast foods (SIC 2043): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1963-85
(19 7 7 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h ou r1
Year
Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

79.3
81.0
83.0
84.1
86.6
90.1
88.8
92.0
92.4
97.6
96.6
92.1
94.8
100.0
100.0
101.5
107.3
105.9
109.3
115.0
118.8
129.3
133.8

81.3
82.3
84.4
85.4
88.6
92.3
91.0
93.8
94.5
99.6
96.9
93.1
95.3
100.9
100.0
101.7
105.1
104.0
107.6
118.8
123.2
133.8
138.2

68.9
73.9
75.2
76.9
76.5
79.4
77.9
82.8
81.1
87.5
95.0
87.3
92.0
95.6
100.0
100.0
122.2
118.9
120.7
97.0
97.9
106.8
112.3

76.4
78.9
80.0
82.5
83.5
88.1
87.7
89.5
90.8
95.0
99.0
92.3
97.3
97.9
100.0
98.8
105.0
104.6
108.4
110.5
114.9
126.1
131.8

77.9
79.7
80.9
83.5
84.8
90.8
90.3
91.4
92.8
96.4
99.2
93.0
98.0
98.0
100.0
98.6
102.2
102.2
106.2
113.3
118.5
130.2
135.9

69.1
75.8
75.4
77.1
76.9
75.7
76.2
81.1
81.8
88.2
97.9
88.5
93.2
97.1
100.0
100.0
123.4
120.0
121.9
97.6
99.0
108.0
113.5

2.0
5.4

2.0
6.4

2.3
-.5

2.1
5.4

2.0
6.5

2.3
-.4

' All employees
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-85 ............................
1981-85............................

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 38. Cereal breakfast foods (SIC 2043): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1963-85
(1977=100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-85............................
1981-85.............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

53.1
55.4
58.0
59.3
62.1
61.2
61.6
65.5
69.3
74.7
79.1
78.2
82.4
89.6
100.0
100.0
104.4
101.5
103.1
105.1
114.2
124.6
131.0

67.0
68.4
69.9
70.5
71.7
67.9
69.4
71.2
75.0
76.5
81.9
84.9
86.9
89.6
100.0
98.5
97.3
95.8
94.3
91.4
96.1
96.4
97.9

65.3
67.3
68.7
69.4
70.1
66.3
67.7
69.8
73.3
75.0
81.6
84.0
86.5
88.8
100.0
98.3
99.3
97.6
95.8
88.5
92.7
93.1
94.8

77.1
75.0
77.1
77.1
81.2
77.1
79.1
79.1
85.4
85.4
83.3
89.6
89.6
93.7
100.0
100.0
85.4
85.4
85.4
108.3
116.7
116.7
116.7

69.5
70.2
72.5
71.9
74.4
69.5
70.2
73.2
76.3
78.6
79.9
84.7
84.7
91.5
100.0
101.2
99.4
97.0
95.1
95.1
99.4
98.8
99.4

68.2
69.5
71.7
71.0
73.2
67.4
68.2
71.7
74.7
77.5
79.7
84.1
84.1
91.4
100.0
101.4
102.2
99.3
97.1
92.8
96.4
95.7
96.4

76.9
73.1
76.9
76.9
80.8
80.8
80.8
80.8
84.7
84.7
80.8
88.4
88.4
92.3
100.0
100.0
84.6
84.6
84.6
107.7
115.4
115.4
115.4

4.1
6.7

2.1
1.3

2.1
.3

1.8
7.2

2.0
1.3

2.1
.2

1.8
7.1

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

28

Table 39. Rice milling (SIC 2044): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1963-85
(19 7 7 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Year
All employees
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
19852 ................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-85............................
1981-85 ............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

61.2
69.9
73.4
79.1
81.3
88.0
85.1
82.0
83.1
93.8
81.5
93.4
90.4
88.7
100.0
92.7
96.3
111.8
117.9
104.5
103.3
93.2
103.2

66.2
74.7
78.1
85.6
87.2
93.9
90.5
92.1
90.7
102.4
89.3
98.6
94.3
92.0
100.0
102.1
106.7
122.3
120.7
110.1
112.4
105.5
119.3

43.1
51.2
55.0
55.5
59.0
65.2
63.7
50.7
56.7
63.5
54.5
72.4
73.3
73.5
100.0
61.5
62.3
75.6
104.3
81.3
71.1
56.5
59.0

64.2
74.2
79.7
84.4
85.4
89.4
87.4
85.1
85.9
96.6
85.0
89.5
90.6
85.1
100.0
92.7
94.2
112.3
124.5
102.1
101.1
92.3
100.1

71.9
81.1
87.1
93.7
93.4
97.7
95.6
99.3
97.1
107.3
95.3
93.8
95.0
87.7
100.0
103.6
105.4
124.8
129.0
108.4
110.9
105.9
116.8

41.8
51.9
55.8
56.2
59.8
62.6
61.2
49.7
54.4
64.4
55.3
73.0
73.9
74.0
100.0
60.6
61.7
74.9
105.8
79.5
70.0
56.0
58.4

2.0
-3.7

2.0
-.7

1.8
-14.0

1.6
-5.2

1.5
-2.2

1.7
-14.3

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census; Agricultural Marketing
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; the Rice Millers’ Association; and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and
the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

Table 40. Rice milling (SIC 2044): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1963-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 ................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 ' ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-85............................
1981-85 ............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

57.5
64.9
69.7
70.3
74.7
78.2
76.5
74.5
68.0
80.5
69.1
82.1
83.1
83.3
100.0
98.4
108.0
131.0
132.2
119.2
113.7
98.0
102.2

93.9
92.9
94.9
88.9
91.9
88.9
89.9
90.9
81.8
85.8
84.8
87.9
91.9
93.9
100.0
106.1
112.1
117.2
112.1
114.1
110.1
105.1
99.0

86.9
86.9
89.3
82.1
85.7
83.3
84.5
80.9
75.0
78.6
77.4
83.3
88.1
90.5
100.0
96.4
101.2
107.1
109.5
108.3
101.2
92.9
85.7

133.5
126.7
126.7
126.7
126.7
120.0
120.0
146.8
120.0
126.7
126.7
113.4
113.4
113.4
100.0
160.0
173.3
173.3
126.7
146.7
160.0
173.3
173.3

89.6
87.5
87.5
83.3
87.5
87.5
87.5
87.5
79.2
83.3
81.3
91.7
91.7
97.9
100.0
106.2
114.6
116.7
106.2
116.7
112.5
106.2
102.1

80.0
80.0
80.0
75.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
75.0
70.0
75.0
72.5
87.5
87.5
95.0
100.0
95.0
102.5
105.0
102.5
110.0
102.5
92.5
87.5

137.5
125.0
125.0
125.0
125.0
125.0
125.0
150.0
125.0
125.0
125.0
112.5
112.5
112.5
100.0
162.5
175.0
175.0
125.0
150.0
162.5
175.0
175.0

3.1
-6.9

1.1
-3.3

1.0
-6.2

1.3
8.3

1.5
-1.7

1.5
-4.8

1.3
8.6

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census; Agricultural




Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; the Rice Millers’ Association; and
the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

29

Table 41. Wet corn milling (SIC 2046): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1963-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per hour ’

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-85............................
1981-85 ............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

39.2
41.9
41.5
42.2
45.1
48.6
51.4
47.8
48.1
62.6
56.9
71.1
74.1
83.2
100.0
104.0
105.7
121.0
137.5
138.8
156.9
192.1
198.4

37.2
40.2
40.2
41.6
45.8
48.4
51.1
48.3
49.6
64.2
57.6
72.8
72.4
81.8
100.0
102.7
109.3
122.8
138.4
139.6
155.2
193.1
199.6

45.6
47.2
45.2
43.7
43.0
48.8
52.1
46.7
44.6
58.8
54.8
66.8
78.9
87.5
100.0
107.7
97.0
116.5
135.1
136.8
161.2
189.8
195.6

41.0
44.0
44.2
43.7
45.8
48.1
52.9
49.4
47.7
63.0
58.1
72.4
76.2
85.1
100.0
102.2
104.6
118.6
136.8
140.7
163.4
199.4
207.1

39.5
42.8
43.9
43.9
47.2
49.1
54.4
51.3
49.3
64.9
59.3
74.7
75.2
83.8
100.0
100.2
107.8
119.6
137.5
142.8
165.2
203.3
211.4

45.2
47.5
45.0
43.2
42.8
46.0
49.5
45.2
44.1
58.6
55.3
67.2
78.7
88.7
100.0
107.4
97.4
116.5
134.8
135.9
159.1
190.7
197.0

8.0
11.2

8.1
11.1

7.6
11.3

7.9
12.5

7.9
12.9

7.7
11.6

1 The output: measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Corn Refiners
Association, the Bureau of the Census, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 42. Wet corn milling (SIC 2046): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1963-85
(1977= 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-85 ............................
1981-85 ............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

49.6
50.5
52.3
55.7
59.3
62.3
65.5
61.2
56.9
69.9
62.4
73.7
76.2
85.9
100.0
104.0
103.7
116.5
130.5
122.7
133.5
153.7
165.3

126.4
120.4
126.1
132.1
131.6
128.3
127.4
127.9
118.2
111.6
109.7
103.7
102.8
103.2
100.0
100.0
98.1
96.3
94.9
88.4
85.1
80.0
83.3

133.2
125.5
130.0
133.8
129.4
128.7
128.1
126.8
114.7
108.9
108.3
101.3
105.2
105.0
100.0
101.3
94.9
94.9
94.3
87.9
86.0
79.6
82.8

108.7
106.9
115.6
127 6
137.9
127.6
125.8
131.0
127.6
118.9
113.8
110.3
96.6
98.2
100.0
96.6
106.9
100.0
96.6
89.7
82.8
81.0
84.5

121.1
114 7
118.4
127.6
129.4
129 4
123.8
123.8
119.3
111.0
107.4
101.8
100.0
100.9
100.0
101.8
99.1
98.2
95.4
87.2
81.7
77.1
79.8

125.6
118.0
119.2
126.9
125.6
126.9
120.5
119.2
115 3
107.7
105.2
98.7
101.3
102 5
100.0
103.8
96.2
97.4
94.9
85.9
80.8
75.6
78.2

109.7
106.4
116.1
129.0
138 7
135.5
132.2
135.5
129.0
119.3
112.9
109.7
96.8
96.8
100.0
96.8
106.5
100.0
96.8
90.3
83.9
80.6
83.9

5.6
7.2

-2.2
-3.5

-2.3
-3.5

-1.8
-3.6

-2.1
-4.7

-2.2
-5.0

-1.9
-3.9

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Corn Refiners
Association, the Bureau of the Census, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

30

Table 43. Prepared feeds for animals and fowls (SIC 2047, 2048): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1963-85
(1977 = 100)
Output per hour1

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-85 ............................
1981-85............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

61.3
64.1
66.2
69.5
75.1
79.1
81.8
83.7
90.0
87.1
82.1
84.9
85.9
90.1
100.0
100.4
101.2
105.0
110.7
124.9
127.5
132.5
143.8

61.1
63.5
66.2
69.7
73.3
76.3
79.4
79.9
86.7
83.5
78.6
83.3
83.7
88.3
100.0
101.3
99.9
105.5
113.1
128.4
130.3
138.9
153.9

61.7
65.3
66.2
68.8
78.9
85.2
87.1
92.4
97.8
95.3
90.5
88.2
90.6
93.9
100.0
98.4
103.9
104.0
106.4
118.4
121.9
121.4
126.8

63.4
66.9
69.4
72.7
77.5
80.1
82.8
83.7
89.9
90.7
88.3
86.8
88.0
92.9
100.0
100.8
102.3
105.4
113.2
124.0
125.3
129.5
140.6

64.4
67.8
71.4
75.2
76.9
79.6
82.3
80.6
86.4
88.1
86.5
85.5
86.4
92.0
100.0
102.1
101.2
105.8
117.2
127.1
127.2
134.2
148.9

61.5
65.4
66.2
68.4
78.5
80.8
83.5
89.9
97.0
96.0
91.6
89.3
91.3
94.9
100.0
98.4
104.2
104.7
106.8
118.7
122.1
121.8
127.4

3.4
6.0

3.7
7.2

2.8
3.8

3.2
4.9

3.3
5.5

2.9
3.9

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 44. Prepared feeds for animals and fowls (SIC 2047, 2048): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1963-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-85 ............................
1981-85 ............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

60.9
62.2
62.6
65.7
72.7
74.8
80.7
84.1
85.9
93.1
87.9
90.6
91.3
94.9
100.0
105.2
104.2
107.8
109.5
119.9
117.8
118.1
120.5

99.3
97.0
94.5
94.6
96.8
94.6
98.6
100.5
95.4
106.9
107.0
106.7
106.3
105.3
100.0
104.8
103.0
102.7
98.9
96.0
92.4
89.1
83.8

99.7
97.9
94.6
94.2
99.2
98.0
101.7
105.3
99.1
111.5
111.8
108.7
109.1
107.5
100.0
103.8
104.3
102.2
96.8
93.4
90.4
85.0
78.3

98.7
95.3
94.5
95.5
92.1
87.8
92.6
91.0
87.8
97.7
97.1
102.7
100.8
101.1
100.0
106.9
100.3
103.7
102.9
101.3
96.6
97.3
95.0

96.1
93.0
90.2
90.4
93.8
93.4
97.5
100.5
95.6
102.6
99.6
104.4
103.7
102.1
100.0
104.4
101.9
102.3
96.7
96.7
94.0
91.2
85.7

94.5
91.8
87.7
87.4
94.5
94.0
98.1
104.3
99.4
105.7
101.6
106.0
105.7
103.2
100.0
103.0
103.0
101.9
93.4
94.3
92.6
88.0
80.9

99.1
95.1
94.5
96.0
92.6
92.6
96.6
93.6
88.6
97.0
96.0
101.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
106.9
100.0
103.0
102.5
101.0
96.5
97.0
94.6

3.2
1.8

-.2
-4.0

-.4
-5.1

.4
-2.0

.1
-3.0

(2)
-3.5

.3
-2.0

' Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

31

Table 45. Bakery products (SIC 205): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-85
(19 7 7 = 100)
Output per h ou r1

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-85 ............................
1981-85............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

64.0
64.0
64.3
65.4
67.2
72.3
74.6
77.5
78.4
82.8
84.5
84.7
87.5
89.5
94.1
93.6
93.6
93.4
93.9
100.0
97.7
95.0
93.7
96.2
103.3
106.9
106.8
108.5

62.4
62.8
63.0
64.0
66.4
70.6
72.5
75.1
75.5
79.0
79.9
80.5
83.0
86.8
91.6
90.9
94.4
94.5
93.7
100.0
99.1
94.4
92.0
94.5
107.4
109.7
110.0
114.1

66.8
66.1
66.5
67.8
68.6
75.3
78.2
81.3
83.0
89.6
92.7
92.2
95.6
94.0
98.4
98.2
92.3
92.0
94.2
100.0
95.7
95.9
96.4
98.7
97.6
103.0
102.2
101.1

64.8
64.7
65.5
66.2
67.9
72.6
76.5
77.5
78.8
82.2
84.8
84.5
87.7
90.2
95.4
95.1
93.0
93.1
94.0
100.0
97.4
95.3
94.4
97.4
102.7
106.1
106.5
108.4

64.4
64.7
66.2
67.2
70.0
73.4
77.8
77.6
79.1
80.6
82.6
81.8
84.3
88.2
92.9
92.2
92.8
93.2
93.1
100.0
98.5
94.7
92.6
96.4
106.1
108.3
109.2
113.7

65.4
64.6
64.3
64.6
65.0
71.3
74.4
76.9
78.4
84.4
87.7
88.5
92.8
93.1
98.9
99 4
93.5
92.8
95.2
100.0
95.7
96.2
97.0
99.1
97.9
103.0
102.7
101.4

2.1
2.8

2.4
4.1

1.5
.9

2.0
2.5

2.2
3.7

1.6
.9

' The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 46. Bakery products (SIC 205): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 ' ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-85 ............................
1981-85............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

88.3
88.9
89.7
89.0
90.8
91.6
95.2
96.9
97.5
97.8
98.4
100.8
96.9
96.3
100.8
99.9
98.7
99.3
102.4
100.0
99.4
99.4
97.7
97.8
100.2
98.8
100.4
102.0

137.9
139.0
139.4
136.0
135.2
126.7
127.6
125.1
124.4
118.1
116.5
119.0
110.7
107.6
107.1
106.7
105.5
106.3
109.1
100.0
101.7
104.6
104.3
101.7
97.0
92.4
94.0
94.0

141.5
141.6
142.3
139.0
136.8
129.8
131.3
129.0
129.1
123.8
123.1
125.2
116.7
110.9
110.0
109.9
104.6
105.1
109.3
100.0
100.3
105.3
106.2
103.5
93.3
90.1
91.3
89.4

132.2
134.4
134.8
131.2
132.3
121.7
121.7
119.2
117.4
109.2
106.2
109.3
101.4
102.4
102.4
101.7
106.9
107.9
108.7
100.0
103.9
103.7
101.4
99.1
102.7
95.9
98.2
100.9

136.2
137.3
136.9
134.4
133.7
126.2
124.5
125.1
123.7
119.0
116.1
119.3
110.5
106.8
105.7
105.1
106.1
106.7
108.9
100.0
102.1
104.3
103.5
100.4
97.6
93.1
94.3
94.1

137.1
137.3
135.4
132.4
129.7
124.8
122.3
124.8
123.3
121.4
119.1
123.2
114.9
109.2
108.5
108.4
106.4
106.6
110.0
100.0
100.9
105.0
105.5
101.5
94.4
91.2
91.9
89.7

135.1
137.7
139.4
137.7
139.6
128.4
128.0
126.0
124.3
115.9
112.2
113.9
104.4
103.4
101.9
100.5
105.6
107.0
107.6
100.0
103.9
103.3
100.7
98.7
102.3
95.9
97.8
100.6

.8
.9

-1.2
-1.9

-1.5
-3.1

-.7
-.1

-1.1
-1.6

-1.3
-2.7

-.7
-.1

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

32

Table 47. Sugar (SIC 2061, 2062, 2063): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per hour '
Year

Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 ................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86............................
1981-86............................

Nonproduction workers

51.8
54.6
57.5
61.4
67.5
68.0
71.5
74.4
77.1
77.1
80.5
78.6
85.9
84.9
90.4
96.3
93.2
94.0
95.8
100.0
98.3
103.1
100.1
98.8
90.4
98.6
99.7
105.5
109.1

48.9
51.3
54.0
57.8
63.1
63.9
67.2
69.5
73.0
72.7
75.2
73.9
80.1
79.7
86.5
93.8
89.2
93.8
95.2
100.0
98.7
103.2
99.5
97.8
90.6
97.3
99.0
104.6
107.7

65.4
71.2
74.9
79.3
90.3
88.4
92.5
99.9
95.6
98.8
106.9
102.7
116.1
110.7
109.5
107.0
112.8
94.4
98.5
100.0
96.6
102.1
102.4
103.6
89.3
104.4
103.8
109.1
115.2

3.0
2.8

3.3
2.7

1.8
3.3

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

Nonproduction workers

50.7
51.6
55.3
58.8
64.2
64.8
68.7
68.0
72.2
72.2
75.2
72.2
78.4
82.4
87.0
96.1
94.1
90.7
96.6
100.0
95.7
101.6
97.0
95.6
87.9
95.6
97.8
106.6
107.1

62.8
68.2
71.0
74.3
84.0
82.1
86.3
92.9
88.5
91.4
99.0
93.9
105.0
105.1
108.6
110.3
117.2
96.8
100.0
100.0
96.2
102.3
103.3
103.6
89.3
104.1
103.6
109.7
115.7

3.0
3.4

Production workers

Production workers

52.9
54.6
58.1
61.6
67.7
68.0
71.9
72.4
74.5
75.7
79.4
76.0
83.0
86.5
90.9
98.8
98.2
91.8
97.3
100.0
95.8
101.7
98.2
97.1
88.2
97.3
99.0
107.2
108.8

All employees

3.2
3.4

1.9
3.4

All employees

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Agricultural Marketing Service and Statistical
Reporting Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; and the Bureau of the Census.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics.

Table 48. Sugar (SIC 2061, 2062, 2063): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977=100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 ................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 ' ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86............................
1981-86............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

61.5
64.6
66.4
70.2
73.4
77.0
83.1
80.6
81.2
82.7
86.5
85.0
90.2
90.3
94.9
96.1
94.5
95.3
103.2
100.0
91.6
90.7
88.3
90.2
77.8
75.6
76.9
74.3
76.5

118.7
118.3
115.4
114.3
108.7
113.2
116.2
108.3
105.3
107.2
107.5
108.1
105.0
106.4
105.0
99.8
101.4
101.4
107.7
100.0
93.2
88.0
88.2
91.3
86.1
76.7
77.1
70.4
70.1

125.7
126.0
122.9
121.4
116.3
120.5
123.7
116.0
111.2
113.8
115.0
115.0
112.6
113.3
109.7
102.4
106.0
101.6
108.4
100.0
92.8
87.9
88.7
92.2
85.9
77.7
77.7
71.0
71.0

94.1
90.7
88.7
88.5
81.3
87.1
89.8
80.7
84.9
83.7
80.9
82.8
77.7
81.6
86.7
89.8
83.8
100.9
104.8
100.0
94.8
88.8
86.2
87.1
87.1
72.4
74.1
68.1
66.4

116.3
118.4
114.2
113.9
108.4
113.3
115.6
111.4
109.0
109.3
109.0
111.8
108.7
104.4
104.4
97.3
96.2
103.8
106.1
100.0
95.6
89.2
89.9
92.9
88.2
77.7
77.7
69.3
70.3

121.4
125.2
120.0
119.4
114.4
118.9
120.9
118.5
112.5
114.6
115.1
117.8
115.1
109.6
109.1
100.0
100.4
105.1
106.8
100.0
95.7
89.3
91.0
94.4
88.5
79.1
78.6
69.7
71.4

98.0
94.7
93.5
94.5
87.4
93.8
96.3
86.8
91.8
90.5
87.4
90.5
85.9
85.9
87.4
87.1
80.6
98.4
103.2
100.0
95.2
88.7
85.5
87.1
87.1
72.6
74.2
67.7
66.1

1.6
-2.7

-1.4
-5.3

-1.7
-5.2

-.2
-5.7

-1.4
-5.9

-1.6
-5.9

-.4
-5.9

1 Preliminary.
Reporting Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; and the Bureau of the Census.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
differ from those previously published.
Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Agricultural Marketing Service and Statistical




33

Table 49. Raw and refined cane sugar (SIC 2061, 2062): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per h o u r'

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ............................
1981-86............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

51.9
55.5
57.2
64.3
71.1
69.8
69.6
76.9
81.2
81.2
82.5
79.6
86.1
82.8
87.2
93.4
91.0
90.8
92.5
100.0
98.1
101.5
99.3
98.8
87.6
100.0
94.7
108.7
111.4

48.6
51.5
53.2
60.2
65.9
65.4
65.8
71.7
75.9
77.1
77.9
77.3
83.4
80.1
86.1
90.9
90.4
91.6
92.4
100.0
97.8
99.0
96.0
94.8
86.1
95.9
91.8
104.8
107.5

64.7
72.3
73.1
81.2
91.9
86.7
83.6
97.7
102.0
96.5
99.5
86.9
94.6
91.0
90.1
101.4
92.7
88.9
93.2
100.0
99.0
110.9
111.7
114.6
92.7
116.3
106.2
123.6
126.1

51.9
54.5
56.6
64.1
71.3
70.4
69.9
76.3
80.9
83.2
84.7
79.0
86.5
86.4
91.8
98.0
96.3
91.5
95.5
100.0
98.2
102.4
101.0
100.6
88.6
98.2
95.0
109.7
109.4

49.7
51.2
53.8
61.5
68.1
68.2
68.2
73.0
78.0
80.2
81.3
77.6
85.5
85.0
91.3
95.7
96.6
91.8
95.1
100.0
98.1
99.7
97.8
96.5
87.3
93.1
91.5
105.6
104.8

59.5
66.5
66.5
72.9
82.0
77.2
74.8
87.0
90.5
93.1
96.1
82.9
89.2
90.2
93.3
104.5
95.2
90.5
96.6
100.0
98.7
111.0
111.7
114.6
92.7
116.8
106.8
123.0
125.0

2.2
3.5

2.4
3.4

1.5
3.6

2.2
3.0

2.3
2.8

2.0
3.5

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Agricultural Marketing Service and Statistical
Reporting Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; and the Bureau of the Census.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics.

Table 50. Raw and refined cane sugar (SIC 2061, 2062): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employees

Employee hours
Year

Output

Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 ................. ................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86............................
1981-86............................

64.6
69.0
68.9
74.9
77.6
80.5
79.4
81.0
84.9
89.2
88.0
81.2
85.5
86.4
91.3
95.7
95.2
92.5
96.6
100.0
94.5
94.5
92.7
95.1
76.9
82.0
77.2
75.9
74.5

124.5
124.3
120.5
116.4
109.1
115.4
114.1
105.3
104.6
109.8
106.7
102.0
99.3
104.4
104.7
102.5
104.6
101.9
104.4
100.0
96.3
93.1
93.4
96.3
87.8
82.0
81.5
69.8
66.9

132.9
134.1
129.5
124.5
117.8
123.1
120.7
113.0
111.9
115.7
113.0
105.0
102.5
107.8
106.0
105.3
105.3
101.0
104.6
100.0
96.6
95.5
96.6
100.3
89.3
85.5
84.1
72.4
69.3

.6
-3.7

-1.6
-6.9

-1.8
-6.9

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

124.5
126.7
121.7
116.8
108.9
114.4
113.6
106.1
104.9
107.2
103.9
102.8
98.9
100.0
99.5
97.7
98.9
101.1
101.1
100.0
96.2
92.3
91.8
94.5
86.8
83.5
81.3
69.2
68.1

130.1
134.8
128.0
121.8
113.9
118.0
116.4
110.9
108.9
111.2
108.2
104.6
100.0
101.6
100.0
100.0
98.6
100.8
101.6
100.0
96.3
94.8
94.8
98.5
88.1
88.1
84.4
71.9
71.1

108.6
103.7
103.6
102.8
94.6
104.3
106.1
93.1
93.8
95.8
91.6
97.9
95.8
95.8
97.9
91.6
100.0
102.2
100.0
100.0
95.7
85.1
83.0
83.0
83.0
70.2
72.3
61.7
59.6

-.9
-7.1

Production workers

All employees

99.9
95.4
94.3
92.2
84.4
92.9
95.0
82.9
83.2
92.4
88.4
93.4
90.4
94.9
101.3
94.4
102.7
104.1
103.7
100.0
95.5
85.2
83.0
83.0
83.0
70.5
72.7
61.4
59.1

All employees

-1.6
-6.5

-1.7
-6.3

-1.4
-6.9

Nonproduction
workers

1 Preliminary.
Reporting Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; and the Bureau of the Census.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
differ from those previously published.
Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Agricultural Marketing Service and Statistical




34

Table 51. Beet sugar (SIC 2063): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per employee 1

Output per h ou r1
Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ............................
1981-86............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

Production workers

All employees

Nonproduction workers

60.8
62.1
68.7
65.9
72.2
76.0
86.6
82.1
82.0
78.4
85.2
84.7
92.9
96.8
105.5
100.0
94.2
98.1
101.7
100.0
98.3
104.6
102.1
98.7
94.8
94.5
108.8
100.7
107.4

59.1
60.7
66.6
64.1
69.9
73.1
83.3
79.6
81.7
77.9
83.9
81.7
89.8
93.0
102.3
96.9
91.9
97.0
100.8
100.0
99.0
109.2
104.5
101.4
97.4
96.4
110.6
103.6
109.6

73.7
74.3
87.0
80.8
92.1
102.2
117.2
105.1
83.0
82.4
94.9
111.4
120.7
134.4
134.1
128.0
113.5
105.9
107.1
100.0
93.5
79.0
87.6
82.3
79.1
82.3
97.1
83.4
93.1

64.2
63.9
71.7
66.1
71.4
74.1
87.0
76.5
74.8
73.5
81.3
80.8
87.2
97.7
100.9
99.5
90.8
92.6
101.8
100.0
91.8
99.4
93.8
91.0
87.5
94.6
106.1
103.2
109.6

63.7
63.3
70.8
65.3
70.0
72.0
84.8
74.5
74.9
72.7
79.8
77.9
84.2
93.9
96.9
95.9
87.8
90.6
100.7
100.0
91.6
103.4
94.8
92.6
89.0
97.0
107.9
107.2
112.9

67.8
68.3
79.1
72.5
81.9
91.0
104.8
93.6
73.6
79.4
91.5
106.2
113.8
133.1
138.7
132.0
116.5
107.8
108.7
100.0
93.1
79.3
87.2
82.3
79.1
80.9
95.4
82.5
92.0

1.8
2.1

2.0
2.1

(3)
2.7

1.6
4.5

1.8
4.8

.5
2.5

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.
Department of Agriculture; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on
data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
3 Less than .05 percent.

Table 52. Beet sugar (SIC 2063): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86............................
1981-86............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

58.2
59.1
64.5
64.2
68.5
73.4
92.1
82.5
77.4
74.2
85.5
92.1
98.7
97.7
101.8
96.9
93.2
100.7
116.0
100.0
86.9
84.6
81.4
82.3
79.1
64.7
76.3
71.5
79.8

95.8
95.1
93.9
97.4
94.9
96.6
106.4
100.5
94.4
94.6
100.4
108.8
106.2
100.9
96.5
96.9
98.9
102.6
114.1
100.0
88.4
80.9
79.7
83.4
83.4
68.5
70.1
71.0
74.3

98.4
97.4
96.8
100.2
98.0
100.4
110.6
103.7
94.7
95.3
101.9
112.7
109.9
105.1
99.5
100.0
101.4
103.8
115.1
100.0
87.8
77.5
77.9
81.2
81.2
67.1
69.0
69.0
72.8

79.0
79.5
74.1
79.5
74.4
71.8
78.6
78.5
93.3
90.1
90.1
82.7
81.8
72.7
75.9
75.7
82.1
95.1
108.3
100.0
92.9
107.1
92.9
100.0
100.0
78.6
78.6
85.7
85.7

90.6
92.5
89.9
97.1
96.0
99.1
105.9
107.9
103.5
100.9
105.2
114.0
113.2
100.0
100.9
97.4
102.6
108.8
114.0
100.0
94.7
85.1
86.8
90.4
90.4
68.4
71.9
69.3
72.8

91.3
93.4
91.1
98.3
97.9
101.9
108.6
110.8
103.3
102.0
107.1
118.2
117.2
104.1
105.1
101.0
106.1
111.1
115.2
100.0
94.9
81.8
85.9
88.9
88.9
66.7
70.7
66.7
70.7

85.9
86.5
81.5
88.6
83.6
80.7
87.9
88.1
105.2
93.4
93.4
86.7
86.7
73.4
73.4
73.4
80.0
93.4
106.7
100.0
93.3
106.7
93.3
100.0
100.0
80.0
80.0
86.7
86.7

.7
-.8

-1.0
-2.9

-1.3
-2.8

.7
-3.5

-9
-5.1

-1.1
-5.4

.2
-3.2

1 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
Departm ent of Agriculture; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on
differ from those previously published.
data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.




35

Table 53. Candy and other confectionery products (SIC 2065): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-78
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per hour 1
Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 ............................. >...
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78 ............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

48.9
50.0
52.3
52.2
53.2
58.8
59.9
62.4
64.9
66.8
69.9
65.2
69.7
76.6
85.9
91.7
99.5
90.8
84.9
100.0
107.9

48.6
50.0
52.4
52.0
53.1
57.3
58.3
60.3
62.9
64.3
67.5
63.2
68.7
76.5
85.5
95.4
102.1
94.6
86.7
100.0
105.7

49.7
49.8
51.6
53.0
53.8
66.0
67.6
73.9
75.1
80.3
82.4
75.1
73.9
76.7
87.5
78.2
89.4
77.3
77.5
100.0
118.4

49.9
52.2
54.5
54.4
55.5
60.0
60.9
63.8
65.4
67.4
70.4
66.2
70.1
79.5
87.9
93.4
97.3
87.0
83.3
100.0
108.8

49.6
52.2
54.8
54.6
55.9
58.7
59.4
61.7
63.5
64.9
68.8
64.9
69.7
80.5
87.9
97.6
99.0
89.4
84.6
100.0
106.8

51.8
51.8
53.1
53.8
54.2
66.4
68.4
74.4
75.3
80.4
78.2
72.1
72.0
76.1
88.0
79.1
90.7
78.3
78.4
100.0
118.7

3.7

3.8

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.2

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Competitive Assessment and
Business Policy, the Bureau of the Census, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment
and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

Table 54. Candy and other confectionery products (SIC 2065): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-78
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78 ............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

57.3
58.2
60.6
61.4
62.9
65.9
68.9
71.8
75.2
78.9
81.7
77.4
83.1
87.8
92.0
97.8
102.2
86.0
84.8
100.0
105.6

117.2
116.3
115.8
117.6
118.2
112.0
115.0
115.0
115.8
118.1
116.9
118.8
119.2
114.6
107.1
106.6
102.7
94.7
99.9
100.0
97.9

117.8
116.3
115.6
118.0
118.5
115.0
118.2
119.1
119.5
122.7
121.0
122.5
120.9
114.7
107.6
102.5
100.1
90.9
97.8
100.0
99.9

115.2
116.8
117.5
115.9
116.9
99.8
101.9
97.1
100.1
98.3
99.2
103.0
112.4
114.5
105.2
125.0
114.3
111.2
109.4
100.0
89.2

114.8
111.6
111.2
112.9
113.3
109.8
113.1
112.5
114.9
117.1
116.0
117.0
118.5
110.4
104.7
104.7
105.0
98.8
101.8
100.0
97.1

115.6
111.4
110.6
112.5
112.6
112.2
115.9
116.3
118.5
121.5
118.7
119.2
119.2
109.1
104.7
100.2
103.2
96.2
100.2
100.0
98.9

110.7
112.3
114.1
114.2
116.0
99.2
100.8
96.5
99.9
98.1
104.5
107.3
115.4
115.4
104.5
123.6
112.7
109.9
108.1
100.0
89.0

2.7

-1.0

-1.0

-.7

-.7

-.8

-.4

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Competitive Assessment and




Business Policy, the Bureau of the Census, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment
and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

36

Table 55. Malt beverages (SIC 2082): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-86
(19 7 7 = 100)
Output per h o u r1

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 ................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ............................
1981-86............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

28.4
29.7
30.9
32.5
34.1
37.4
40.2
42.3
44.5
47.4
51.4
54.9
56.7
59.4
66.1
73.7
76.4
86.1
95.5
100.0
101.1
109.9
116.0
118.3
122.6
131.3
137.9
130.3
137.0

30.5
31.5
32.6
34.2
35.7
39.1
42.1
44.5
47.1
50.2
53.1
57.2
59.9
64.4
71.0
75.6
77.9
88.0
97.5
100.0
101.0
109.2
116.0
121.5
126.7
133.0
139.5
137.7
145.0

24.1
25.8
27.4
28.6
30.5
33.8
35.9
37.3
38.7
41.7
47.5
49.9
50.0
49.6
56.3
69.1
72.7
82.2
90.8
100.0
101.4
112.1
116.0
111.1
112.9
126.8
133.8
114.8
120.1

28.0
29.4
30.2
31.6
33.5
36.8
39.4
41.7
44.0
46.5
49.7
53.3
55.9
58.2
66.4
74.3
77.6
86.0
97.5
100.0
102.4
109.9
117.2
118.3
121.9
129.7
134.1
129.5
136.2

29.6
30.7
31.3
33.0
34.9
38.1
41.1
43.9
46.8
49.0
52.1
56.0
59.6
63.1
71.5
76.4
79.6
87.3
100.1
100.0
102.8
109.0
117.3
121.4
125.9
131.0
134.3
136.6
144.3

24.8
26.6
27.9
28.7
30.5
33.7
36.0
37.2
38.5
41.4
45.1
47.9
48.6
49.1
56.6
69.9
73.6
83.0
91.7
100.0
101.3
112.3
117.0
111.5
113.4
126.8
133.8
115.0
120.1

5.8
2.8

5.8
3.4

6.1
1.4

5.7
2.7

5.7
3.3

5.9
1.3

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
U.S. Department of the Treasury, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 56. Malt beverages (SIC 2082): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86............................
1981-86 ............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

45.7
47.4
48.0
49.0
50.2
52.3
55.5
57.3
60.5
63.0
66.4
69.4
72.8
75.4
77.7
83.0
88.5
92.0
94.6
100.0
106.1
109.7
115.1
117.5
119.5
120.0
118.3
118.6
121.1

161.1
159.5
155.1
151.0
147.1
139.7
138.2
135.6
136.1
132.8
129.2
126.4
128.3
127.0
117.5
112.6
115.8
106.8
99.1
100.0
104.9
99.8
99.2
99.3
97.5
91.4
85.8
91.0
88.4

150.0
150.4
147.2
143.2
140.6
133.9
131.9
128.8
128.4
125.6
125.1
121.4
121.5
117.1
109.4
109.8
113.6
104.6
97.0
100.0
105.1
100.5
99.2
96.7
94.3
90.2
84.8
86.1
83.5

189.6
183.4
175.4
171.5
164.5
154.7
154.7
153.8
156.2
151.1
139.7
139.1
145.5
152.1
138.1
120.1
121.8
111.9
104.2
100.0
104.6
97.9
99.2
105.8
105.8
94.6
88.4
103.3
100.8

163.0
161.2
158.7
154.9
150.0
142.3
140.7
137.4
137.5
135.5
133.5
130.2
130.2
129.5
117.1
111.7
114.0
107.0
97.0
100.0
103.6
99.8
98.2
99.3
98.0
92.5
88.2
91.6
88.9

154.4
154.2
153.3
148.6
144.0
137.3
135.2
130.5
129.4
128.5
127.5
124.0
122.1
119.5
108.6
108.6
111.2
105.4
94.5
100.0
103.2
100.6
98.1
96.8
94.9
91.6
88.1
86.8
83.9

184.0
178.0
172.0
170.5
164.6
155.0
154.3
154.1
157.1
152.0
147.3
145.0
149.7
153.5
137.2
118.7
120.2
110.9
103.2
100.0
104.7
97.7
98.4
105.4
105.4
94.6
88.4
103.1
100.8

3.4
.3

-2.3
-2.4

-2.2
-3.0

-2.5
-1.1

-2.2
-2.3

-2.1
-2.9

-2.4
-1.0

' Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
U.S. Departm ent of the Treasury; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
differ from those previously published.
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.




37

Table 57. Bottled and canned soft drinks (SIC 2086): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per h our1

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ............................
1981-86............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

57.7
60.4
58.4
60.7
65.1
67.1
67.3
67.8
68.2
66.6
72.1
69.7
70.0
73.9
75.4
78.3
80.2
87.2
94.2
100.0
104.5
105.6
109.8
114.3
118.3
127.0
138.3
145.3
149.0

50.4
53.1
51.7
54.2
58.5
59.2
60.1
60.9
59.4
58.5
64.3
64.0
65.5
69.7
72.9
76.7
78.5
86.1
93.5
100.0
105.3
109.1
116.4
125.1
131.5
142.4
154.2
160.5
164.6

62.9
65.5
63.0
65.2
69.6
72.6
72.2
72.5
74.5
72.2
77.5
73.5
72.9
76.4
76.9
79.3
81.2
87.7
94.6
100.0
104.1
103.6
106.4
109.0
112.0
119.7
130.8
137.8
141.4

57.5
60.9
58.2
59.8
63.4
65.9
65.8
66.3
66.9
64.8
69.6
67.7
68.6
73.2
75.7
78.7
80.3
87.1
94.3
100.0
105.0
105.9
110.5
114.7
118.5
127.1
138.3
145.9
149.9

52.7
57.2
55.1
57.0
61.1
63.2
63.7
64.5
63.1
61.1
65.6
64.6
66.2
70.6
73.7
77.1
77.9
85.2
93.5
100.0
106.3
110.2
118.4
126.0
131.8
142.9
154.5
162.6
167.7

60.6
63.1
60.1
61.5
64.8
67.5
67.1
67.4
69.3
67.1
72.1
69.5
70.0
74.8
76.8
79.6
81.8
88.1
94.8
100.0
104.1
103.6
106.4
109.0
112.0
119.7
130.8
137.8
141.4

3.4
6.0

44
6.0

2.8
5.9

3.5
6.0

4.2
6.3

3.1
5.9

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Sales Survey and Statistical Profile of the Soft
Drink Industry, National Soft Drink Association; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment
and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

Table 58. Bottled and canned soft drinks (SIC 2086): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
. change:
1958-86............................
1981-86 ............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

43.0
46.6
46.0
47.5
51.3
54.6
57.0
59.2
63.1
62.7
67.6
67.2
67.7
71.3
72.7
76.5
77.1
80.8
91.7
100.0
108.1
111.6
115.2
117.3
119.4
124.6
133.5
139.5
142.7

74.5
77.1
78.8
78.2
78 8
81.4
84.7
87.3
92.5
94.2
93.7
96.4
96.7
96.5
96.4
97.7
96.1
92.7
97.3
100.0
103.4
105.7
104.9
102.6
100.9
98.1
96.5
96.0
95.8

85.3
87.8
89.0
87.7
87.7
92.3
94.8
97.2
106.3
107.2
105.2
105.0
103.3
102.3
99.7
99.7
98.2
93.8
98.1
100.0
102.7
102.3
99.0
93.8
90.8
87.5
86.6
86.9
86.7

68.4
71.1
73.0
72.8
73.7
75.2
790
81.7
84.7
86.9
87.2
91.4
92.9
93.3
94.5
96.5
94.9
92.1
96.9
100.0
103.8
107.7
108.3
107.6
106.6
104.1
102.1
101.2
100.9

74.8
76.5
79.1
79.4
80.9
82.9
86.6
89.3
94.3
96.8
97.1
99.3
98.7
97.4
96.1
97.2
96.0
92.8
97.2
100.0
103.0
105.4
104.3
102.3
100.8
98.0
96.5
95.6
95.2

81.6
81.4
83.5
83.3
83.9
86.4
89 5
91.8
100.0
102.7
103.1
104.0
102.3
101.0
98.7
99.2
99.0
94.8
98.1
100.0
101.7
101.3
97.3
93.1
90.6
87.2
86.4
85.8
85.1

71.0
73.8
76.6
77.2
79.2
80.9
84.9
87.8
91.0
93.4
93.7
96.7
96.7
95.3
94.6
96.1
94.3
91.7
96.7
100.0
103.8
107.7
108.3
107.6
106.6
104.1
102.1
101.2
100.9

4.4
4.4

1.0
-1.4

(2)
-1.5

1.6
-1.4

.9
-1.5

.2
-1.8

1.3
-1.4

' Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SOURCE: Output based on data from the Sales Survey and Statistical Profile of
the Soft Drink Industry, National Soft Drink Association; and the Bureau of the
Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

38

Table 59. All tobacco products (SIC 2111, 2121, 2131): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee '

Output per hour 1
Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 ..................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ............................
1981-86............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

62.1
65.3
69.7
72.1
74.3
78.4
80.2
83.4
83.2
83.3
86.2
84.8
86.8
91.3
91.6
89.5
92.2
93.9
97.8
100.0
102.7
102.1
102.1
100.5
100.7
105.1
110.3
113.4
114.7

57.9
61.3
65.6
68.4
70.9
74.4
75.5
79.2
79.0
79.6
82.3
81.6
83.1
88.0
88.9
87.2
90.4
93.2
96.7
100.0
102.4
103.5
105.1
103.8
107.1
114.1
123.0
125.6
126.3

105.5
102.3
108.0
104.4
101.7
112.3
125.1
119.5
119.0
112.3
116.8
108.8
116.4
117.3
110.7
104.4
103.7
97.2
103.3
100.0
104.3
94.4
87.8
84.6
75.0
72.3
69.1
72.6
75.1

65.9
69.5
73.9
77.1
79.6
84.0
87.5
87.2
88.0
87.8
88.3
87.6
91.8
95.5
94.9
93.4
93.6
95.8
100.5
100.0
105.7
105.1
105.7
102.9
101.0
104.3
111.4
112.3
114.0

60.9
64.8
69.0
72.5
75.3
78.9
81.6
81.9
82.6
82.9
83.4
83.5
87.2
91.0
91.1
90.3
90.9
94.6
99.3
100.0
106.0
107.3
109.8
107.2
108.1
113.9
125.8
125.3
126.3

118.4
114.6
121.4
117.4
115.2
126.8
142.0
135.1
134.1
126.5
129.0
119.5
128.0
128.9
121.3
114.7
111.3
102.1
106.5
100.0
104.1
94.6
88.2
84.9
75.0
71.9
69.3
72.7
75.0

2.5
3.1

2.9
4.5

-.5
-2.1

2.4
2.6

2.9
4.0

-.9
-2.1

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
U.S. Department of the Treasury; the Bureau of the Census; and Agricultural Marketing
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 60. All tobacco products (SIC 2111, 2121, 2131): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 ................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986' ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ............................
1981-86 ............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

91.9
97.3
99.7
99.2
99.4
101.6
110.3
107.4
104.6
104.1
106.2
102.9
106.9
104.5
104.4
107.5
104.3
102.1
105.2
100.0
102.7
103.0
103.8
106.4
100.6
97.4
97.4
95.7
92.1

147.9
149.1
143.0
137.5
133.7
129.6
137.5
128.7
125.7
125.0
123.2
121.4
123.1
114.4
114.0
120.1
113.1
108.7
107.6
100.0
100.0
100.9
101.7
105.9
99.9
92.7
88.3
84.4
80.3

158.6
158.7
152.0
145.0
140.1
136.5
146.1
135.6
132.4
130.7
129.0
126.1
128.6
118.8
117.5
123.3
115.4
109.5
108.8
100.0
100.3
99.5
98.8
102.5
93.9
85.4
79.2
76.2
72.9

87.1
95.1
92.3
95.0
97.7
90.5
88.2
89.9
87.9
92.7
90.9
94.6
91.8
89.1
94.3
103.0
100.6
105.0
101.8
100.0
98.5
109.1
118.2
125.8
134.1
134.8
140.9
131.8
122.7

139.4
139.9
134.9
128.6
124.8
121.0
126.1
123.1
118.9
118.6
120.3
117.4
116.4
109.4
110.0
115.1
111.4
106.6
104.7
100.0
97.2
98.0
98.2
103.4
99.6
93.4
87.4
85.2
80.8

150.9
150.2
144.5
136.9
132.0
128.7
135.1
131.2
126.6
125.5
127.4
123.3
122.6
114.8
114.6
119.1
114.8
107.9
105.9
100.0
96.9
96.0
94.5
99.3
93.1
85.5
77.4
76.4
72.9

77.6
84.9
82.1
84.5
86.3
80.1
77.7
79.5
78.0
82.3
82.3
86.1
83.5
81.1
86.1
93.7
93.7
100.0
98.8
100.0
98.7
108.9
117.7
125.3
134.2
135.4
140.5
131.6
122.8

.6
-2.5

-1.8
-5.4

-2.2
-6.6

1.1
-.4

-1.7
-4.9

-2.2
-6.2

1.5
-.3

Preliminary.
U.S. Department of the Treasury; the Bureau of the Census; and Agricultural Marketing
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Employment and hours based on data from the
differ from those previously published.
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,




39

Table 61. Cigarettes, chewing and smoking tobacco (SIC 2111, 2131): indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per hour1

Output per err. loyee 1

Year
All employees
Index:
1958 ................................
1959 ...............................
1960 ...............................
1961 ...............................
1962 ...............................
1963 ...............................
1964 ...............................
1965 ...............................
1966 ...............................
1967 ...............................
1968 ...............................
1969 ...............................
1970 ...............................
1971 ...............................
1972 ...............................
1973 ...............................
1974 ...............................
1975 ...............................
1976 ...............................
1977 ...............................
1978 ...............................
1979 ...............................
1980 ...............................
1981 ................................
1982 ...............................
1983 ...............................
1984 ...............................
1985 ...............................
1986 2 .............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86...........................
1981-86...........................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

70.7
72.3
75.5
77.1
77.4
80.9
79.7
83.3
83.3
84 6
87.6
839
85.3
89.3
89.8
88.7
89.9
93.3
96.7
100.0
104.0
102.4
101.8
99.6
99.5
104.1
107.2
111.7
111.5

65.4
67.7
70.8
72.6
73.5
76.3
75.1
78.8
79.2
80.3
83.2
80.4
81.1
85.9
86.5
86.2
88.2
92.5
95.4
100.0
104.0
104.0
104.8
103.0
105.8
113.3
119.5
123.8
122.4

121.7
112.9
115.5
113.5
106.3
116.1
115.0
117.1
114.3
117.2
120.4
108.6
116.1
112.9
1114
103.4
993
97.6
103.8
100.0
104.3
94.6
88.4
85.2
75.6
73.0
69.3
73.8
75.8

76.7
78.6
81.4
83.5
84.6
88.3
86.9
87.3
89.3
90.1
89.4
86.6
90.8
93.6
93.3
93.1
92.4
95.4
999
100.0
107.6
105.9
105.8
101.8
99.5
103.0
108.8
110.6
110.7

70.2
72.8
75.6
78.1
79.8
82.6
81.3
81.6
84.0
84.6
83.6
82.0
85.7
89.0
89.0
89.6
89.9
94.2
98.6
100.0
108.3
108.5
110.1
105.9
106.4
112.5
123.0
123.0
122.1

137.3
127.5
130.1
127.5
120.0
130.8
129.9
131.9
128.2
131.4
132.9
119.4
127.5
124.0
122.0
113.6
106.4
102.5
106.9
100.0
104.3
95.1
89.1
85.8
75.7
73.1
69.7
74 1
76.1

1.5
2.7

1.9
4.0

-1.1
-2.0

1.3
2.3

1.7
3.6

-1.5
-2.0

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
U.S. Department of the Treasury; the Bureau of the Census; and Agricultural Marketing
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 62. Cigarettes, chewing and smoking tobacco (SIC 2111, 2131): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employees

Employee hours
Year

Output

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees
Index:
1958 ...............................
1959 ...............................
I960 ...............................
1961 ...............................
1962 ...............................
1963 ...............................
1964 ...............................
1965 ...............................
1
966 ...............................
1967 ...............................
1968 ...............................
1969 ................................
1970 ...............................
1971 ...............................
1972 ................................
1973 ...............................
1974 ...............................
1975 ...............................
1976 ...............................
1977 ...............................
1978 ...............................
1979 ..............................
1980 ..............................
1981 ..............................
1982 ..............................
1983 ..............................
1984 ...............................
1985 ...............................
1986 1 .............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86...........................
1981-86...........................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

72.9
77.0
79.0
80.7
80.4
82.8
82.1
83.5
84.5
85.8
86.8
84.5
88.6
87.8
91.5
97 8
96.1
98 2
103.9
100 0
104.3
105.7
107.6
110.8
105.2
101.6
101.6
100.9
97.3

103.1
106.5
104.6
104.7
103.9
102.4
103.0
100.3
101.4
101.4
99.1
100.7
103.9
98.3
101.9
110.2
106.9
105.3
107.4
100.0
100.3
103.2
105.7
111.2
105.7
97.6
94.8
90.3
87.3

111.5
113.8
111.6
111.1
109.4
108.5
109.3
106.0
106.7
106.8
104.3
105.1
109.2
102.2
105.8
113.4
108.9
106.2
108.9
100.0
100.3
101.6
102.7
107.6
99.4
89.7
85.0
81.5
79.5

59.9
68.2
68.4
71.1
75.6
71.3
71.4
71.3
73.9
73.2
72.1
77.8
76.3
77.8
82.1
94.6
96.8
100.6
100.1
100.0
100.0
111.7
121.7
130.0
139.2
139.2
146.7
136.7
128.3

95.1
98.0
97.0
96.6
95.0
93.8
94.5
95.6
94.6
95.2
97.1
97.6
97.6
93.8
98.1
105.1
104.0
102.9
104.0
100.0
96.9
99.8
101.7
108.8
105.7
98.6
93.4
91.2
87.9

103.9
105.8
104.5
103.3
100.7
100.2
101.0
102.3
100.6
101.4
103.8
103.1
103.4
98.6
102.8
109.1
106.9
104.3
105.4
100.0
96.3
97.4
97.7
104.6
98.9
90.3
82.6
82.0
79.7

53.1
60.4
60.7
63.3
67.0
63.3
63.2
63.3
65.9
65.3
65.3
70.8
69.5
70.8
75.0
86.1
90.3
95.8
97.2
100.0
100.0
111.1
120.8
129.2
138.9
138.9
145.8
136.1
127.8

1.6
-2.2

.1
-4.8

-.3
-6.0

2.7
-.2

.3
-4.4

-.2
-5.6

3.1
-.2

1 Preliminary.
U.S. Department of the Treasury; the Bureau of the Census; and Agricultural Marketing
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Employment and hours based on data from the
differ from those previously published.
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,




40

Table 63. Cigars (SIC 2121): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h our1
Year

Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86............................
1981-86............................

Nonproduction workers

48.8
53.0
58.6
62.1
66.5
71.6
79.1
81.5
80.6
78.0
80.9
84.4
88.4
93.7
93.8
89.5
96.9
93.7
99.9
100.0
97.0
101.4
106.4
107.3
111.4
112.3
141.4
129.3
150.0

48.5
52.9
58.4
62.6
67.1
71.7
77.6
81.5
79.8
79.2
81.8
85.6
89.4
93.8
95.6
90.2
96.3
95.2
100.7
100.0
95.6
100.8
106.9
108.0
113.8
117.7
149.2
136.9
158.2

52.3
54.6
61.0
57.5
60.5
68.8
98.3
81.6
89.9
67.4
72.5
74.0
80.2
92.8
77.1
82.7
103.4
79.9
92.3
100.0
114.8
107.7
102.0
100.1
91.4
75.1
90.3
81.5
95.4

4.3
7.0

4.4
8.0

2.5
-1.1

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

Nonproduction workers

49.3
54.3
59.6
64.3
68.3
73.1
83.7
83.3
80.9
80.4
83.7
87.9
91.9
96.6
97.6
92.2
92.4
95.2
99.9
100.0
95.6
101.2
108.1
114.4
118.4
122.3
146.3
139.7
164.8

57.9
60.4
68.2
64.8
69.4
78.8
113.1
93.5
102.6
76.9
80.0
81.3
88.0
101.9
84.3
90.7
110.9
83.8
95.1
100.0
111.6
104.7
99.2
97.3
88.8
75.1
87.7
79.2
89.1

4.3
6.1

Production workers

Production workers

49.9
54.8
60.3
64.3
68.4
73.5
85.6
84.2
82.5
80.0
83.3
87.2
91.6
97.1
96.0
92.1
93.7
94.0
99.5
100.0
96.9
101.6
107.3
112.7
115.0
115.7
138.0
130.8
152.9

All employees

4.5
7.4

2.1
-1.8

All employees

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
U.S. Department of the Treasury; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 64. Cigars (SIC 2121): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86............................
1981-86............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

190.5
202.0
206.1
195.7
196.8
198.0
255.9
230.2
207.5
197.6
205.7
197.2
201.0
189.1
168.6
155.5
142.5
119.8
108.5
100.0
95.6
89.7
85.0
83.4
76.1
75.1
75.2
67.9
63.6

390.1
381.0
351.6
315.2
295.9
276.7
323.5
282.5
257.5
253.2
254.4
233.7
227.3
201.8
179.7
173.7
147.1
127.8
108.6
100.0
98.6
88.5
79.9
77.7
68.3
66.9
53.2
52.5
42.4

392.8
382.0
352.9
312.7
293.5
276.1
329.9
282.5
259.9
249.4
251.6
230.4
224.9
201.5
176.3
172.3
147.9
125.9
107.7
100.0
100.0
89.0
79.5
77.2
66.9
63.8
50.4
49.6
40.2

363.9
370.1
337.8
340.5
325.2
287.7
260.4
282.1
230.8
293.3
283.6
266.6
250.7
203.8
218.8
188.0
137.8
149.9
117.6
TO .O
O
83.3
83.3
83.3
83.3
83.3
100.0
83.3
83.3
66.7

381.5
368.9
342.0
304.2
287.9
269.4
298.8
273.3
251.6
246.9
246.9
226.2
219.5
194.8
175.6
168.9
152.1
127.4
109.1
100.0
98.7
88.3
79.2
74.0
66.2
64.9
54.5
51.9
41.6

386.2
372.0
345.9
304.4
288.0
270.8
305.7
276.2
256.5
245.7
245.7
224.3
218.7
195.8
172.7
168.6
154.3
125.8
108.6
100.0
100.0
88.6
78.6
72.9
64.3
61.4
51.4
48.6
38.6

328.8
334.7
302.1
302.1
283.5
251.4
226.2
246.3
202.3
257.1
257.1
242.7
228.5
185.6
200.0
171.5
128.5
142.9
114.1
100.0
85.7
85.7
85.7
85.7
85.7
100.0
85.7
85.7
71.4

-2.5
-4.7

-6.4
-10.9

-6.6
-11.8

-4.9
-3.6

-6.4
-10.2

-6.6
-11.3

-4.4
-3.0

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

1 Preliminary.
SO URCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
U.S. Departm ent of the Treasury; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
differ from those previously published.
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.




41

T a b le 65 . C o tto n a n d s y n th e tic b ro a d w o v e n fa b ric s (S IC 2 2 1 1 , 22 2 1 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e ,
1 9 7 2 -8 6
(1977 = 100)
Output per h ou r1

Output per employee ’

Year
All employees
Index:
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-86 ............................
1981-86............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

85.8
76.6
79.2
86.7
86.9
100.0
93.5
100.7
104.9
107.4
112.5
121.6
119.9
123.9
130.3

85.7
76.5
79.4
87.2
86.8
100.0
93.6
100.5
105.0
108.0
115.5
122.8
120.7
125.0
130.7

86.7
77.1
78.0
83.0
88.8
100.0
92.6
102.8
104.1
101.0
89.9
112.3
112.5
114.0
128.4

89.2
78.9
78.8
84.4
87.4
100.0
94.8
102.5
105.6
107.0
103.8
122.0
118.8
120.8
132.4

89.0
79.0
79.0
84.6
87.2
100.0
95.0
102.5
105.8
107.7
105.6
123.1
119.6
121.7
133.0

90.3
78.4
77.5
82.6
88.6
100.0
92.6
102.8
104.1
101.0
89.9
112.3
112.5
114.0
128.4

3.7
3.6

3.8
3.4

3.0
5.6

3.5
4.4

3.6
4.2

2.9
5.6

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes 'elate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 66. Cotton and synthetic broad woven fabrics (SIC 2211, 2221): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1972-86
(1977=100)
Employees

Employee hours
Year

Output

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees
Index:
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-86 ............................
1981-86 ............................

89.4
80.6
79.7
79.5
89.2
100.0
90.4
97.5
98.0
94.7
81.2
92.2
90.3
82.5
85.5 •

.3
-1.4

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

104.2
105.2
100.6
91.7
102.6
100.0
96.7
96.8
93.4
88.2
72.2
75.8
75.3
66.6
65.6

104.3
105.3
100.4
91.2
102.8
100.0
96.6
97.0
93.3
87.7
70.3
75.1
74.8
66.0
65.4

103.1
104.6
102.2
95.8
100.5
100.0
97.6
94.8
94.1
93.8
90.3
82.1
80.3
72.4
66.6

100.2
102.1
101.1
94.2
102.1
100.0
95.4
95.1
92.8
88.5
78.2
75.6
76.0
68.3
64.6

100.4
102.0
100.9
94.0
102.3
100.0
95.2
95.1
92.6
87.9
76.9
74.9
75.5
67.8
64.3

99.0
102.8
102.8
96.2
100.7
100.0
97.6
94.8
94.1
93.8
90.3
82.1
80.3
72.4
66.6

-3.3
-4.8

-3.4
-4.6

-2.7
-6.6

-3.1
-5.5

-3.2
-5.4

-2.6
-6.6

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

42

T a b le 6 7 . H o s ie ry (S IC 2 2 5 1 , 22 52): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 5 8 -8 6
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 ................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ............................
1981-86............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

Production workers

All employees

Nonproduction workers

29.7
29.5
30.3
33.1
34.3
38.8
41.4
41.4
45.5
51.1
47.9
55.2
65.5
61.8
71.2
74.6
84.0
94.3
106.4
100.0
102.1
107.9
107.4
122.0
114.2
118.0
119.7
118.3
118.6

29.3
29.0
29.7
32.7
33.9
38.1
40.6
40.6
44.8
50.7
47.7
55.0
65.8
63.2
72.6
76.4
85.9
96.4
107.9
100.0
102.6
109.8
110.3
125.6
116.2
117.6
123.1
119.5
119.9

33.7
35.6
37.0
37.8
38.8
46.3
50.4
50.4
53.2
56.0
49.9
57.1
63.6
52.6
61.5
63.1
71.0
79.8
96.7
100.0
98.5
93.4
87.5
96.8
99.3
122.6
96.4
109.5
108.3

29.2
29.9
30.6
33.6
34.8
38.9
42.6
42.3
47.0
52.1
49.0
56.5
63.5
60.3
71.9
72.1
80.5
89.2
105.1
100.0
103.0
112.0
111.2
127.7
113.4
121.3
123.3
123.8
126.5

28.7
29.3
29.8
33.0
34.2
38.0
41.6
41.3
46.1
51.4
48.5
56.0
63.2
60.9
72.8
73.0
81.7
90.3
106.1
100.0
103.6
114.5
114.6
132.5
115.2
121.1
127.3
125.7
128.8

35.7
37.7
39.3
39.9
41.1
49.1
53.6
53.3
56.0
59.2
54.6
61.0
66.6
55.4
64.8
64.9
70.9
80.1
97.9
100.0
98.5
94.0
88.5
97.3
99.5
122.6
96.6
109.7
109.0

5.8
-.1

5.9
-.3

4.4
1.8

5.8
.7

6.0
.5

4.2
1.8

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the National Association of Hosiery Manufacturers,
Inc., and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau
of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

Table 68. Hosiery (SIC 2251, 2252): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86............................
1981-86............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

51.3
54.0
53.9
59.0
60.5
62.7
66.6
70.2
77.4
85.8
84.6
102.7
110.9
92.2
100.3
97.3
88.5
90.8
101.1
100.0
106.7
119.1
118.0
131.4
121.1
132.8
135.3
131.6
138.1

172.8
182.9
177.7
178.0
176.5
161.7
160.7
169.6
170.1
167.8
176.8
186.1
169.3
149.2
140.9
130.4
105.4
96.3
95.0
100.0
104.5
110.4
109.9
107.7
106.0
112.5
113.0
111.2
116.4

174.8
186.3
181.2
180.4
178.5
164.5
164.0
172.8
172.8
169.2
177.3
186.6
168.5
146.0
138.2
127.4
103.0
94.2
93.7
100.0
104.0
108.5
107.0
104.6
104.2
112.9
109.9
110.1
115.2

152.2
151.8
145.8
156.0
155.9
135.4
132.2
139.4
145.6
153.1
169.7
179.8
174.3
175.2
163.2
154.1
124.7
113.8
104.6
100.0
108.3
127.5
134.9
135.8
122.0
108.3
140.4
120.2
127.5

175.5
180.4
176.1
175.6
174.0
161.3
156.5
165.9
164.6
164.7
172.8
181.7
174.6
152.9
139.5
134.9
110.0
101.8
96.2
100.0
103.6
106.3
106.1
102.9
106.8
109.5
109.7
106.3
109.2

179.0
184.6
180.8
179.0
177.1
165.1
160.1
169.8
167.8
166.9
174.6
183.3
175.5
151.3
137.7
133.2
108.3
100.5
95.3
100.0
103.0
104.0
103.0
99.2
105.1
109.7
106.3
104.7
107.2

143.5
143.2
137.1
147.7
147.2
127.8
124.2
131.7
138.1
144.9
154.9
168.3
166.5
166.5
154.9
149.9
124.9
113.3
103.3
100.0
108.3
126.7
133.3
135.0
121.7
108.3
140.0
120.0
126.7

3.2
1.5

-2.4
1.5

-2.5
1.8

-1.1
-.3

-2.4
.8

-2.6
1.0

-.9
-.3

1 Preliminary.
SO URCE: Output based on data from the National Association of Hosiery Manufacturers,
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
Inc., and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau
differ from those previously published.
of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.




43

T a b le 6 9 . Y a rn m ills, e x c e p t w o o l (S IC 22 8 1 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 5 8 -8 6
(19 7 7 = 100)
Output per h ou r1

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 ................. ................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 ............... .................
1986 2 ............ ..................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86............................
1981-86............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

59.5
62.3
65.3
71.4
74.7
76.3
80.6
84.6
81.8
77.5
80.2
84.5
84.3
90.3
91.0
85.0
89.1
101.2
93.5
100.0
104.2
103.8
99.7
103.1
118.2
128.5
129.6
134.5
129.2

58.7
61.3
64.2
70.4
73.6
74.7
79.9
83.2
79.9
76.1
78.9
83.3
83.6
89.5
90.2
84.1
89.4
102.0
93.1
100.0
104.1
103.7
100.4
104.0
119.7
128.9
130.7
135.8
129.5

71.9
79.6
82.0
87.1
94.0
106.1
91.3
108.1
120.2
102.8
102.4
105.7
96.7
101.6
105.3
99.2
87.1
92.6
100.1
100.0
105.4
106.0
91.3
92.3
101.7
123.9
115.4
118.7
126.6

54.0
61.5
62.0
68.8
73.5
75.9
83.1
90.1
85.5
77.0
81.9
83.3
82.2
91.9
94.6
86.6
84.8
93.7
91.8
100.0
103.5
103.2
96.9
98.8
109.0
127.6
125.2
128.6
131.5

52.7
60.1
60.5
67.4
71.9
74.0
82.4
88.5
83.3
75.2
80.0
81.4
80.9
90.9
93.5
85.5
84.6
93.9
91.2
100.0
103.3
103.0
97.4
99.3
109.7
127.9
126.2
129.6
131.8

74.8
83.0
85.0
90.2
97.4
109.3
94.4
112.0
123.5
106.2
112.2
112.4
101.0
106.5
110.5
101.1
86.9
92.2
100.6
100.0
105.3
106.1
91.4
92.2
101.6
123.3
115.8
119.2
127.3

2.5
4.5

2.6
4.3

.9
5.8

2.4
5.6

2.6
5.6

.7
6.0

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
2 Preliminary.
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 70. Yarn mills, except wool (SIC 2281): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977=100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86............................
1981-86............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

39.4
44.8
42.5
45.1
48.7
50.3
57.4
66.5
66.7
61.7
68.2
74.4
70.9
82.0
91.2
88.9
85.8
82.2
89.7
100.0
103.8
98.9
92.7
90.9
85.1
100.0
101.7
96.7
103.2

66.2
71.9
65.1
63.2
65.2
65.9
71.2
78.6
81.5
79.6
85.0
88.0
84.1
90.8
100.2
104.6
96.3
81.2
95.9
100.0
99.6
95.3
93.0
88.2
72.0
77.8
78.5
71.9
79.9

67.1
73.1
66.2
64.1
66.2
67.3
71.8
79.9
83.5
81.1
86.4
89.3
84.8
91.6
101.1
105.7
96.0
80.6
96.3
100.0
99.7
95.4
92.3
87.4
71.1
77.6
77.8
71.2
79.7

54.8
56.3
51.8
51.8
51.8
47.4
62.9
61.5
55.5
60.0
66.6
70.4
73.3
80.7
86.6
89.6
98.5
88.8
89.6
100.0
98.5
93.3
101.5
98.5
83.7
80.7
88.1
81.5
81.5

72.9
72 9
68.6
65.6
66.3
66.3
69.1
73.8
78.0
80.1
83.3
89.3
86.3
89.2
96.4
102.7
101.2
87.7
97.7
100.0
100.3
95.8
95.7
92.0
78.1
78.4
81.2
75.2
78.5

74.7
74 6
70.2
66.9
67.7
68.0
69.7
75.1
80.1
82.0
85.2
91.4
87.6
90.2
97.5
104.0
101.4
87.5
98.4
100.0
100.5
96.0
95.2
91.5
77.6
78.2
80.6
74.6
78.3

52.7
54.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
46.0
60.8
59.4
54.0
58.1
60.8
66.2
70.2
77.0
82.5
87.9
98.7
89.2
89.2
100.0
98.6
93.2
101.4
98.6
83.8
81.1
87.8
81.1
81.1

3.4
3.0

.9
-1.4

.7
-1.3

2.4
-2.6

.9
-2.5

.8
-2.4

2.6
-2.8

' Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




S O U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

44

T a b le 7 1 . S a w m ills a n d p lan in g m ills, g e n e ra l (S IC 24 2 1 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e ,
1 9 5 8 -8 6
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per hour 1
Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 ................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86............................
1981-86............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

65.2
67.5
67.1
73.1
76.4
79.7
84.7
81.8
82.7
89.2
91.5
90.7
90.0
98.1
107.6
100.2
95.4
98.8
103.2
100.0
102.3
106.3
104.2
107.9
115.1
126.8
132.3
139.2
154.5

66.7
65.7
65.4
71.1
74.0
79.0
84.3
80.9
81.6
87.2
90.0
89.5
90.1
97.3
106.8
99.6
95.9
98.9
103.1
100.0
102.9
107.3
107.7
111.1
119.3
129.3
134.5
141.1
156.3

55.3
87.6
86.1
94.9
104.4
86.1
87.4
89.8
93.0
111.1
106.1
101.8
89.2
105.2
114.1
106.0
91.5
98.1
103.2
100.0
96.8
99.0
82.4
86.3
89.0
109.4
116.0
125.3
141.6

61.3
64.0
65.3
70.2
74.1
77.1
83.4
80.0
80.6
86.5
89.9
88.6
88.0
96.2
107.5
100.1
93.2
96.7
102.2
100.0
100.5
103.5
101.1
104.3
110.2
123.1
128.4
136.9
154.3

62.0
61.9
63.4
68.0
71.6
76.1
82.9
79.0
79.3
84.3
88.2
87.0
87.7
94.9
106.5
99.3
93.5
96.5
102.0
100.0
101.0
104.1
103.9
107.1
113.5
125.1
130.0
138.3
155.9

55.6
88.0
86.1
94.1
103.0
85.1
86.6
88.8
91.4
109.5
106.7
102.5
90.6
106.9
116.0
106.9
91.3
98.2
103.9
100.0
96.9
99.3
83.2
86.6
89.4
109.3
116.5
126.0
142.3

2.4
7.1

2.6
6.6

1.0
1p.7

2.5
7.9

2.7
7.4

1.1
10.8

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Natiohal Forest Product Association, the
Bureau of the Census, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based
on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 72. Sawmills and planing mills, general (SIC 2421): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977=100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86............................
1981-86............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

86.0
92.1
89.6
85.8
88.7
91.2
94.7
92.0
89.6
89.1
90.2
89.8
87.3
93.1
102.2
99.2
92.3
88.1
98.6
100.0
99.4
104.5
101.2
96.0
83.0
100.3
104.5
106.5
118.8

131.9
136.4
133.6
117.4
116.1
114.4
111.8
112.5
108.4
99.9
98.6
99.0
97.0
94.9
95.0
99.0
96.7
89.2
95.5
100.0
97.2
98.3
97.1
89.0
72.1
79.1
79.0
76.5
76.9

129.0
140.1
137.0
120.7
119.8
115.4
112.3
113.7
109.8
102.2
100.2
100.3
96.9
95.7
95.7
99.6
96.2
89.1
95.6
100.0
96.6
97.4
94.0
86.4
69.6
77.6
77.7
75.5
76.0

155.6
105.1
104.1
90.4
85.0
105.9
108.3
102.5
96.3
80.2
85.0
88.2
97.9
88.5
89.6
93.6
100.9
89.8
95.5
100.0
102.7
105.6
122.8
111.3
93.3
91.7
90.1
85.0
83.9

140.3
143.9
137.3
122.2
119.7
118.3
113.5
115.0
111.2
103.0
100.3
101.3
99.2
96.8
95.1
99.1
99.0
91.1
96.5
100.0
98.9
101.0
100.1
92.0
75.3
81.5
81.4
77.8
77.0

138.6
148.8
141.4
126.2
123.9
119.8
114.2
116.5
113.0
105.7
102.3
103.2
99.6
98.1
96.0
99.9
98.7
91.3
96.7
100.0
98.4
100.4
97.4
89.6
73.1
80.2
80.4
77.0
76.2

154.6
104.6
104.1
91.2
86.1
107.2
109.3
103.6
98.0
81.4
84.5
87.6
96.4
87.1
88.1
92.8
101.1
89.7
94.9
100.0
102.6
105.2
121.6
110.8
92.8
91.8
89.7
84.5
83.5

.6
5.4

-1.8
-1.6

-1.9
-1.1

-.4
-4.8

-1.8
-2.2

-2.0
-1.8

-.4
-4.8

1 Preliminary.
SO URCE: Output based on data from the National Forest Product Association, the
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
Bureau of the Census, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based
differ from those previously published.
on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.




45

T a b le 73 .

M illw o rk (S IC 2 4 3 1 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 5 8 -8 5

(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per hour

Output per employee 1

'

Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85............................
1981-85............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

75.6
71.7
73.2
76.9
78.1
86.0
86.0
85.8
82.7
92.6
93.9
96.3
95.9
95.9
107.2
102.3
92.7
100.2
99.1
100.0
90.3
92.2
93.6
96.4
86.1
87.9
88.7
85.7

77.0
72.4
74.8
78.1
78.8
86.0
85.9
86.1
84.0
93.3
93.7
96.6
97.6
95.3
104.5
101.6
94.4
102.6
99.6
100.0
90.2
93.5
97.2
99.8
91.2
89.7
89.8
86.8

70.7
69.7
67.7
72.6
76.3
86.5
87.2
85.2
78.4
90.1
96.0
95.7
89.7
99.3
121.6
106.7
85.5
90.9
97.3
100.0
90.6
86.5
79.8
83.2
68.3
80.2
83.9
80.9

77.2
74.2
73.8
78.3
79.8
88.6
88.3
88.2
84.4
94.9
95.5
96.2
95.7
96.3
107.0
101.6
91.3
100.4
98.8
100.0
89.9
90.9
92.0
94.5
85.0
89.5
89.4
87.3

78.3
74.8
75.0
79.4
80.6
88.9
88.3
88.7
85.7
96.0
95.9
96.6
97.2
96.8
106.1
101.6
92.8
102.8
99.2
100.0
89.7
91.8
95.0
97.3
89.6
91.7
90.7
88.8

72.8
71.8
69.3
73.7
77.1
87.3
88.0
86.0
79.3
91.0
94.4
94.9
89.8
95.1
111.3
101.7
84.6
90.3
97.0
100.0
90.6
86.5
79.8
83.2
68.3
80.2
83.9
80.9

.7
-2.0

.8
-2.9

.4
1.5

.6
-1.1

.6
-1.7

.3
1.5

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of
the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 74. Millwork (SIC 2431): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85............................
1981-85 ............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

58.5
61.2
55.7
56.6
59.7
68.1
69.2
70.2
66.6
72.6
78.7
80.4
77.1
84.0
103.6
104.7
84.6
84.1
92.5
100.0
94.8
94.5
85.9
86.4
73.0
88.8
99.2
101.9

77.4
85.3
76.1
73.6
76.4
79.2
80.5
81.8
80.5
78.4
83.8
83.5
80.4
87.6
96.6
102.3
91.3
83.9
93.3
100.0
105.0
102.5
91.8
89.6
84.8
101.0
111.9
118.9

76.0
84.5
74.5
72.5
75.8
79.2
80.6
81.5
79.3
77.8
84.0
83.2
79.0
88.1
99.1
103.1
89.6
82.0
92.9
100.0
105.1
101.1
88.4
86.6
80.0
99.0
110.5
117.4

82.8
87.8
82.3
78.0
78.2
78.7
79.4
82.4
84.9
80.6
82.0
84.0
86.0
84.6
85.2
98.1
99.0
925
95.1
100.0
104.6
109.2
107.6
103.8
106.9
110.7
118.3
126.0

75.8
82.5
75.5
72.3
74.8
76.9
78.4
79.6
78.9
76.5
82.4
83.6
80.6
87.2
96.8
103.1
92.7
83.8
93.6
100.0
105.5
104.0
93.4
91.4
85.9
99.2
111.0
116.7

74.7
81.8
74.3
71.3
74.1
76.6
78.4
79.1
77.7
75.6
82.1
83.2
79.3
86.8
97.6
103.1
91.2
81.8
93.2
100.0
105.7
102.9
90.4
88.8
81.5
96.8
109.4
114.8

80.4
85.2
80.4
76.8
77.4
78.0
78.6
81.6
84.0
79.8
83.4
84.7
85.9
88.3
93.1
103.0
100.0
93.1
95.4
100.0
104.6
109.2
107.6
103.8
106.9
110.7
118.3
126.0

2.0
6.6

1.3
8.8

1.2
9.8

1.5
5.0

1.4
7.7

1.3
8.4

1.6
5.0

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SO URCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the
Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of
Labor Statistics.

46

T a b le 7 5 . W o o d k itc h e n c a b in e ts (S IC 24 3 4 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 7 2 -8 5
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h ou r1
Year
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

82.2
83.2
78.0
86.1
81.0
100.0
97.8
92.1
98.2
94.8
96.1
94.3
94.2
89.1

80.8
83.2
80.7
90.3
81.4
100.0
97.4
91.4
100.5
99.6
104.3
98.6
95.6
90.8

90.0
82.9
67.1
70.0
78.9
100.0
99.5
95.7
87.9
76.6
69.2
77.5
87.6
81.6

84.8
84.5
78.5
85.3
81.0
100.0
100.4
92.5
97.2
94.4
95.5
98.1
99.5
92.5

85.3
85.7
81.3
89.1
81.4
100.0
100.5
91.9
99.2
98.8
103.0
103.3
102.2
94.9

82.4
79.0
66.5
69.6
78.7
100.0
99.5
95.7
87.9
76.6
69.2
77.5
87.6
81.6

1.2
-1.4

1.5
-2.7

P)
3.7

1.4

1.6
-.9

.4
3.7

Index:
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 ....... .........................
1984 .................................
1985 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-85............................
1981-85............................

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
3 Less than .05 percent.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 76. Wood kitchen cabinets (SIC 2434): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1972-85
(1977=100)
Employees

Employee hours
Year

Output
All employees

Index:
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 « ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-85............................
1981-85............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

73.1
80.1
68.4
60.8
67.6
100.0
113.5
113.2
106.4
100.4
90.7
108.1
128.4
126.4

88.9
96.3
87.7
70.6
83.5
100.0
116.1
122.9
108.4
105.9
94.4
114.6
136.3
141.8

90.5
96.3
84.8
67.3
83.0
100.0
116.5
123.8
105.9
100.8
87.0
109.6
134.3
139.2

81.2
96.6
101.9
86.8
85.7
100.0
114.1
118.3
121.1
131.0
131.0
139.4
146.5
154.9

4.8
8.4

3.5
10.0

3.3
11.4

4.8
4.6

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

86.2
94.8
87.1
71.3
83.5
100.0
113.1
122.4
109.5
106.3
95.0
, 110.2
129.0
136.7

85.7
93.5
84.1
68.2
83.0
100.0
112.9
123.2
107.3
101.6
88.1
104.6
125.6
133.2

88.7
101.4
102.8
87.3
85.9
100.0
114.1
118.3
121.1
131.0
131.0
139.4
146.5
154.9

3.4
8.4

3.1
9.4

4.4
4.6

All employees

SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau
of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.

47

T a b le 7 7 . V e n e e r a n d p ly w o o d (S IC 2 4 3 5 , 24 3 6 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 5 8 -8 5
(1977 = 100)
Output per h ou r1

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85 ............................
1981-85............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

41.7
46.9
49.3
53.9
58.3
60.7
62.6
64.0
64.3
69.9
73.5
73.2
83.2
87.6
89.8
87.5
87.8
97.8
97.9
100.0
101.7
94.5
102.8
106.9
114.4
121.1
120.0
121.3

40.4
45.2
47.7
52.2
56.1
58.3
60.4
62.1
62.5
68.5
71.7
71.9
83.0
87.3
88.8
87.5
88.8
99.9
98.1
100.0
102.3
96.4
105.8
108.2
117.3
121.4
119.3
119.7

55.2
69.1
67.7
74.2
86.1
90.5
89.1
85.6
83.3
82.6
91.1
86.2
83.7
90.8
98.7
86.3
80.7
83.2
96.3
100.0
97.6
81.7
82.9
97.0
94.9
118.0
126.6
137.5

41.4
48.0
48.3
53.7
59.0
61.7
64.1
66.1
65.8
70.3
75.2
73.8
82.2
88.2
93.0
88.2
85.9
94.5
97.6
100.0
101.3
92.5
98.3
101.7
107.0
119.5
118.2
120.2

40.0
46.1
46.6
51.9
56.7
59.2
61.9
64.3
64.0
68.9
73.7
72.5
82.0
87.9
92.5
88.5
86.7
96.2
97.8
100.0
101.8
94.1
100.7
102.4
108.8
119.6
117.2
118.5

56.7
70.9
69.1
75.2
86.8
91.1
89.6
86.3
83.9
83.2
89.4
85.5
83.7
90.6
98.2
85.6
79.9
82.6
96.1
100.0
97.6
81.7
82.9
97.0
94.9
118.0
126.6
137.5

3.7
3.1

3.9
2.2

1.7
10.4

3.5
4.4

3.7
3.7

1.6
10.4

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 78. Veneer and plywood (SIC 2435, 2436): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-85
(1977 = 1(30)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85.............................
1981-85 ............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

34.3
43.8
42.7
46.5
54.6
56.3
62.0
68.2
72.5
70.9
77.2
75.9
78.5
88.3
95.7
94.1
83.8
80.5
92.5
100.0
106.0
96.8
88.0
88.7
82.0
97.6
100.0
96.8

82.2
93.3
86.6
86.2
93.6
92.8
99.0
106.5
112.8
101.5
105.1
103.7
94.4
100.8
106.6
107.6
95.4
82.3
94.5
100.0
104.2
102.4
85.6
83.0
71.7
80.6
83.3
79.8

84.8
97.0
89.5
89.1
97.3
96.6
102.7
109.8
116.0
103.5
107.7
105.6
94.6
101.2
107.8
107.5
94.4
80.6
94.3
100.0
103.6
100.4
83.2
82.0
69.9
80.4
83.8
80.9

62.1
63.4
63.1
62.7
63.4
62.2
69.6
79.7
87.0
85.8
84.7
88.0
93.8
97.3
97.0
109.1
103.9
96.8
96.1
100.0
108.6
118.5
106.2
91.4
86.4
82.7
79.0
70.4

82.8
91.3
88.4
86.6
92.5
91.3
96.7
103.1
110.2
100.9
102.7
102.9
95.5
100.1
102.9
106.7
97.5
85.2
94.8
100.0
104.6
104.6
89.5
87.2
76.6
81.7
84.6
80.5

85.7
95.1
91.7
89.7
96.3
95.1
100.1
106.1
113.2
102.9
104.7
104.7
95.7
100.4
103.5
106.3
96.6
83.7
94.6
100.0
104.1
102.9
87.4
86.6
75.4
81.6
85.3
81.7

60.5
61.8
61.8
61.8
62.9
61.8
69.2
79.0
86.4
85.2
86.4
88.8
93.8
97.5
97.5
109.9
104.9
97.5
96.3
100.0
108.6
118.5
106.2
91.4
86.4
82.7
79.0
70.4

3.2
3.8

-.4
.7

-.7
1.6

1.5
-5.9

-.3
-.6

-.5
.1

1.6
-5.9

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO U R C E: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau
of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.

48

T a b le 79 .
1 9 7 2 -8 5

H a rd w o o d v e n e e r a n d p ly w o o d (S IC 24 3 5 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e ,

(1977 = 100)
Output per h ou r1

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

84.9
80.5
83.4
92.5
89.1
100.0
100.7
97.8
104.1
100.3
101.4
110.1
103.9
108.9

83.5
78.8
81.7
92.4
88.7
100.0
99.8
97.7
104.9
101.6
104.6
111.8
104.8
110.0

97.0
95.5
99.6
93.5
93.2
100.0
107.7
98.9
97.9
91.1
81.9
97.8
98.0
101.8

87.7
81.8
82.7
89.6
89.1
100.0
99.5
96.3
100.4
99.4
95.1
108.6
102.6
107.5

86.6
80.4
81.1
89.2
88.7
100.0
98.6
96 1
100.7
100.5
97 2
110 3
103.3
108.4

96 5
94.9
98 6
92 8
93 0
100.0
107 7
98 9
97 9
91.1
81.9
97 8
98 0
101.8

2.2
1.9

2.5
1.6

-.1
4.1

1.9
2.4

2.1
2.1

Index:
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-85............................
1981-85............................

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
3 Less than .05 percent.

ft

4.1

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 80. Hardwood veneer and plywood (SIC 2435): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1972-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 ' ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-85............................
1981-85............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

103.0
98.0
88.7
77.3
83.7
100.0
104.1
102.2
94.7
94.1
79.2
94.6
94.8
91.6

121.3
121.8
106.4
83.6
93.9
100.0
103.4
104.5
91.0
93.8
78.1
85.9
91.2
84.1

123.3
124.3
108.6
83.7
94.4
100.0
104.3
104.6
90.3
92.6
75.7
84.6
90.5
83.3

106.2
102.6
89.1
82.7
89.8
100.0
96.7
103.3
96.7
103.3
96.7
96.7
96.7
90.0

117.5
119.8
107.2
86.3
93.9
100.0
104.6
106.1
94.3
94.7
83.3
87.1
92.4
85.2

118.9
121.9
109.4
86.7
94.4
100.0
105.6
106.4
94.0
93.6
81.5
85.8
91.8
84,5

106.7
103.3
90.0
83.3
90.0
100.0
96.7
103.3
96.7
103.3
96.7
96.7
96.7
90.0

-.2
1.3

-2.3
-.6

-2.6
-.3

-.1
-2.7

-2.0
-1.1

-2.3
-.9

-.1
-2.7

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




49

SO URCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau
of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.

T a b le 8 1 . S o ftw o o d v e n e e r a n d p ly w o o d (S IC 24 3 6 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e ,
1 9 7 2 -8 5
(1977 = 100)
Output per h ou r1

Output per employee '

Year
All employees
Index:
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-85............................
1981-85............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

93.5
92.4
91.1
100.5
102.1
100.0
102.1
93.4
102.7
111.8
122.1
127.3
129.6
128.2

92.7
93.8
93.9
104.1
102.8
100.0
103.4
96.3
107.1
113.0
124.7
126.8
127.7
124.6

100.4
81.7
72.3
78.1
97.1
100.0
92.3
74.0
75.9
102.4
103.6
132.8
149.3
168.7

97.3
92.8
88.4
97.0
101.7
100.0
102.0
90.9
97.8
104.1
114.3
125.7
127.7
127.5

96.9
94.5
90.9
100.0
102.3
100.0
103.4
93.5
101.4
104.2
115.7
124.9
125.5
123.8

99.9
81.1
71.6
77.5
96.9
100.0
92.3
74.0
75.9
102.4
103.6
132.8
149.3
168.7

2.8
3.4

2.6
2.2

4.5
14.6

2.5
5.3

2.3
4.4

4.6
14.6

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production ot the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 82. Softwood veneer and plywood (SIC 2436): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1972-85
(1977 = 100)
Employees

Employee hours
Year

Output
All employees

Index:
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-85.............................
1981-85.............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

92.1
92.2
81.4
82.1
96.9
100.0
106.8
94.4
84.9
86.3
83.3
98.9
102.4
99.2

98.5
99.8
89.4
81.7
94.9
100.0
104.6
101.1
82.7
77.2
68.2
77.7
79.0
77.4

99.3
98.3
86.7
78.9
94.3
100.0
103.3
98.0
79.3
76.4
66.8
78.0
80.2
79.6

91.7
112.9
112.6
105.1
99.8
100.0
115.7
127.5
111.8
84.3
80.4
74.5
68.6
58.8

94.7
99.4
92.1
84.6
95.3
100.0
104.7
103.8
86.8
82.9
72.9
78.7
80.2
77.8

95.0
97.6
89.5
82.1
94.7
100.0
103.3
101.0
83.7
82.8
72.0
79.2
81.6
80.1

92.2
113.7
113.7
105.9
100.0
100.0
115.7
127.5
111.8
84.3
80.4
74.5
68.6
58.8

.6
5.0

-2.1
1.5

-2.0
2.7

-3.7
-8.4

-1.9
-.3

-1.6
.6

-3.8
-8.4

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO U R C E: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau
of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.

50

T a b le 8 3 .
(1977=100)

H o u s e h o ld fu rn itu re (S IC 251): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 5 8 -8 6

Output per h o u r1

Output per employee 1

Y ear
All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 .........................................
1 9 8 0 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

65.8
67.8
67.1
67.7
69.8
73.1
74.6
77.2
78.7
78.9
80.7
81.6
82.2
86.5
94.3
97.3
95.7
97.5
99.7
100.0
104.7
101.5
99.9
103.0
104.7
110.2
112.3
112.5
116.9

66.2
66.8
66.4
66.9
68.6
72.0
73.6
75.6
77.0
77.2
79.8
80.6
82.2
86.3
93.7
94.7
95.9
98.4
100.2
100.0
104.8
102.3
101.8
104.8
107.3
111.1
113.0
114.0
117.8

64.6
75.3
72.0
72.8
77.7
80.5
81.1
88.3
90.4
90.3
87.3
87.8
82.9
88.3
98.1
117.8
95.2
92.6
97.3
100.0
104.3
96.7
90.1
93.4
91.0
105.4
107.9
104.5
112.1

67.9
72.1
70.6
70.8
74.3
77.3
79.5
82.0
83.5
82.3
85.4
85.8
85.5
89.9
96.9
99.2
95.6
94.9
99.0
100.0
106.0
102.2
99.2
102.5
100.7
109.4
112.3
111.7
117.2

68.3
71.4
70.2
70.4
73.7
76.8
79.0
80.8
82.4
80.9
84.0
84.5
85.1
89.8
96.6
96.8
96.0
95.5
99.2
100.0
106.3
103.1
100.8
104.1
102.4
110.2
112.9
113.0
117.9

65.3
76.0
72.6
73.1
78.1
80.7
81.9
88.8
90.4
90.3
93.9
93.3
87.2
90.8
97.8
116.5
93.0
91.1
96.9
100.0
104.3
97.1
90.7
93.7
91.2
105.4
108.2
104.8
112.6

2.1
2.5

2.2
2.3

1.4
3.9

1.8
2.9

1.9
2.7

1.3
4.0

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 84. Household furniture (SIC 251): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

75.3
82.3
79.8
76.7
80.5
82.2
85.3
90.0
93.7
91.3
93.9
96.3
91.4
93.2
102.7
108.2
100.3
85.3
93.2
100.0
101.9
101.0
96.3
92.9
83.5
85.3
90.0
88.4
88.6

78.7
77.4
77.1
73.9
75.9
78.2
82.3
81.9
85.4
81.8
84.0
87.2
89.2
92.2
101.4
89.9
103.6
89.5
95.5
100.0
103.8
107.2
107.0
103.2
93.7
89.2
93.9
95.3
92.8

.5

1.0
-1 .2

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

51.4
58.8
56.0
54.0
59.3
63.1
67.4
72.7
77.2
73.9
78.9
81.4
77.8
83.7
99.2
104.7
96.3
81.5
92.5
100.0
108.3
104.1
97.1
96.7
85.5
94.0
101.6
99.9
104.5

78.1
86.7
83.5
79.8
85.0
86.3
90.3
94.2
98.1
93.7
97.8
99.8
94.7
96.8
105.2
107.6
100.6
83.6
92.8
100.0
103.4
102.6
97.2
93.9
81.7
85.3
90.5
88.8
89.4

77.7
88.0
84.4
80.7
86.5
87.6
91.6
96.2
100.2
95.7
98.9
101.0
94.6
97.0
105.9
110.6
100.4
82.8
92.3
100.0
103.3
101.8
95.4
92.3
79.7
84.6
89.9
87.6
88.7

79.6
78.1
77.8
74.2
76.3
78.4
83.1
82.3
85.4
81.8
90.4
92.7
93.9
94.8
101.1
88.9
101.2
88.0
95.1
100.0
103.8
107.6
107.8
103.5
94.0
89.2
94.2
95.6
93.2

75.7
81.5
79.3
76.3
79.8
81.6
84.8
88.7
92.5
89.8
92.4
94.9
91.0
93.1
102.4
105.5
100.7
85.9
93.4
100.0
102.2
101.9
97.9
94.3
84.9
85.9
90.5
89.4
89.2

2.4
2.7

.3
.2

.2
.4

1.0
-1 .2

.6
-.2

' Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table




ft

may differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

51

T a b le 85 .
1 9 5 8 -8 5
(1977=100)

W o o d h o u s e h o ld fu rn itu re (S IC 2 5 1 1 , 2 5 1 7 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e ,

Output per h o u r1

Output per em ployee 1

Y ear
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

66.4
68.4
67.9
68.3
70.5
74.8
76.4
78.9
81.0
81.1
83.3
85.9
83.5
89.5
98.8
103.9
99.8
98.0
101.3
100.0
104.8
101.6
97.2
97.3
98.2
103.9
105.6
104.5

65.9
66.8
66.4
66.9
68.7
73.0
74.7
76.5
78.6
78.8
81.6
84.5
83.0
89.0
98.1
98.4
100.3
99.5
102.1
100.0
105.7
103.2
99.8
99.3
101.0
105.7
106.9
106.5

69.2
82.3
80.5
78.9
86.0
91.7
90.8
101.2
102.4
100.5
96.8
97.4
86.6
92.7
104.5
179.9
95.6
87.2
94.4
100.0
98.1
90.7
80.8
83.8
80.3
91.9
96.1
90.6

68.1
72.5
71.3
70.9
75.5
79.7
82.7
84.7
86.9
84.5
88.6
90.5
86.6
92.2
101.5
105.8
99.2
93.1
99.1
100.0
105.9
101.9
94.4
95.9
91.6
101.0
103.8
101.9

67.9
71.1
70.0
69.9
74.2
78.2
81.7
82.7
84.9
82.6
86.7
89.0
86.1
91.8
101.2
100.6
100.0
94.2
99.8
100.0
107.0
103.6
96.4
97.8
93.4
102.3
104.8
103.6

70.1
83.3
81.2
79.0
86.2
92.2
91.7
101.8
102.4
100.5
104.1
103.3
91.2
95.2
104.3
178.1
93.3
85.8
94.2
100.0
98.0
91.0
81.3
83.9
80.6
91.9
96.4
90.8

1.8
2.2

2.0
2.0

.3
3.4

1.4
2.5

1.6
2.3

.3
3.4

Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

1 The output m easures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
2 Preliminary.
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 86. Wood household furniture (SIC 2511, 2517): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 ' .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

49.5
57.7
54.9
52.7
59.4
65.1
69.5
74.9
80.7
77.1
81.2
85.0
75.9
84.2
102.1
107.2
100.2
81.4
96.8
100.0
109.7
99.8
90.6
89.6
80.1
87.8
97.5
94.4

74.6
84.3
80.9
77.2
84.2
87.0
91.0
94.9
99.6
95.1
97.5
99.0
90.9
94.1
103.3
103.2
100.4
83.1
95.6
100.0
104.7
98.2
93.2
92.1
81.6
84.5
92.3
90.3

75.1
86.4
82.7
78.8
86.4
89.2
93.1
97.9
102.7
97.8
99.5
100.6
91.4
94.6
104.1
108.9
99.9
81.8
94.8
100.0
103.8
96.7
90.8
90.2
79.3
83.1
91.2
88.6

71.5
70.1
68.2
66.8
69.1
71.0
76.5
74.0
78.8
76.7
83.9
87.3
87.6
90.8
97.7
59.6
104.8
93.4
102.5
100.0
111.8
110.0
112.1
106.9
99.7
95.5
101.5
104.2

72.7
79.6
77.0
74.3
78.7
81 7
84.0
88.4
92.9
91.2
91.6
93.9
87.6
91.3
100.6
101.3
101.0
87.4
97.7
100.0
103.6
97.9
96.0
93.4
87.4
86.9
93.9
92.6

72.9
81.1
78.4
75.4
80.0
83.3
85.1
90.6
95.0
93.3
93.7
95.5
88.2
91.7
100.9
106.6
100.2
86.4
97.0
100.0
102.5
96.3
94.0
91.6
85.8
85.8
93.0
91.1

70.6
69.3
67.6
66.7
68.9
70.6
75.8
73.6
78.8
76.7
78.0
82.3
83.2
88.4
97.9
60.2
107.4
94.9
102.8
100.0
111.9
109.7
111.4
106.8
99.4
95.5
101.1
104.0

2.2
3.1

.4
.8

.2
1.0

1.9
-.3

.8
.5

.6
.7

1.9
-.4

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

52

T a b le 8 7 . U p h o ls te re d h o u s e h o ld fu rn itu re (S IC 2 5 1 2 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e ,
1 9 5 8 -8 5
(1977=100)
Output per h o u r1

Output per employee 1

Y ear
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

71.7
73.9
72.6
74.1
74.9
76.3
78.2
80.2
81.9
80.3
80.9
80.1
84.4
84.6
89.8
91.3
91.9
97.2
98.1
100.0
108.8
105.1
102.3
110.5
115.9
121.7
122.8
124.7

72.2
72.9
72.3
72.5
73.2
75.6
77.3
78.8
80.5
78.8
79.4
79.1
83.5
83.4
88.8
90.8
91.1
96.6
97.6
100.0
108.0
103.9
102.7
111.1
116.9
119.5
122.8
125.1

69.7
80.2
74.6
84.1
85.3
81.1
83.2
88.9
91.1
90.3
90.7
86.8
90.1
92.7
95.3
94.1
96.0
100.9
101.7
100.0
113.1
111.7
100.5
107.2
110.7
135.4
122.8
122.6

75.4
80.5
78.0
79.2
81.6
81.3
82.1
85.2
86.2
85.1
86.2
85.3
89.5
91.0
94.0
94.0
92.8
97.4
98.5
100.0
111.0
106.5
105.8
110.6
113.3
122.7
125.4
126.0

76.4
80.5
78.6
78.3
80.9
81.3
81.9
84.7
85.6
84.4
84.5
84.4
88.7
90.4
93.8
94.1
92.7
97.0
98.1
100.0
110.5
105.6
106.7
111.2
113.5
120.8
125.8
126.6

70.4
81.0
75.2
84.5
86.2
81.8
84.0
89.3
91.4
90.3
97.7
92.6
94.8
95.4
95.2
93.1
93.6
99.0
101.2
100.0
113.0
111.8
101.1
107.3
111.3
135.2
123.4
123.1

2.1
3.0

2.2
2.9

1.8
3.8

1.8
3.7

1.8
3.7

1.7
3.9

Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 .........................................
197 8 ........................................
197 9 .........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

1 The output measures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of em ployees.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
2 Preliminary.
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 88. Upholstered household furniture (SIC 2512): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

48.5
55.8
54.5
52.8
57.5
58.1
62.7
67.3
70.8
67.4
72.9
75.1
78.9
80.8
97.0
100.1
92.2
81.3
87.6
100.0
111.3
113.5
105.7
103.3
89.7
99.9
107.7
107.5

6 7.6
75.5
75.1
71.3
76.8
76.1
80.2
83.9
86.4
83.9
90.1
93.7
93.5
95.5
108.0
109.6
100.3
83.6
89.3
100.0
102.3
108.0
103.3
93.5
77.4
82.1
87.7
86.2

67.2
76.5
75.4
72.8
78.5
76.9
81.1
85.4
87.9
85.5
91.8
95.0
94.5
96.9
109.2
110.2
101.2
84.2
89.8
100.0
103.1
109.2
102.9
93.0
76.7
83.6
87.7
85.9

69.6
69.6
73.1
62.8
67.4
71.6
75.4
75.7
77.7
74.6
80.4
86.5
87.6
87.2
101.8
106.4
96.0
80.6
86.1
100.0
98.4
101.6
105.2
96.4
81.0
73.8
87.7
87.7

64.3
69.3
69.9
66.7
70.5
71.5
76.4
79.0
82.1
79.2
84.6
88.0
88.2
88.8
103.2
106.5
99.4
83.5
88.9
100.0
100.3
106.6
99.9
93.4
79.2
81.4
85.9
85.3

63.5
69.3
69.3
67.4
71.1
71.5
76.6
79.5
82.7
79.9
86.3
89.0
89.0
89.4
103.4
106.4
99.5
83.8
89.3
100.0
100.7
107.5
99.1
92.9
79.0
82.7
85.6
84.9

68.9
68.9
72.5
62.5
66.7
71.0
74.6
75.4
77.5
74.6
74.6
81.1
83.2
84.7
101.9
107.5
98.5
82.1
86.6
100.0
98.5
101.5
104.5
96.3
80.6
73.9
87.3
87.3

3.0
2.7

.9
- .4

.8
- .2

1.2
-1.1

1.2
-1 .0

1.2
-1 .0

1.3
-1 .2

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

53

T a b le 8 9 .
(1977=100)

M e ta l h o u s e h o ld fu rn itu re (S IC 25 14): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 5 8 -8 5

Output per h o u r1

Output per em ployee 1

Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 ....................... .................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

66.7
67.0
64.6
65.6
68.9
73.8
74.2
77.5
75.8
78.4
81.1
81.6
85.6
87.0
94.0
94.3
90.1
94.1
96.3
100.0
97.7
90.2
93.6
98.7
107.5
109.2
121.3
123.9

67.5
65.1
63.4
64.4
67.2
72.8
73.1
76.5
75.3
77.3
81.8
80.7
86.5
87.7
93.4
93.4
91.2
96.9
97.7
100.0
96.8
91.1
93.4
99.3
110.9
110.0
120.6
123.7

63.6
77.4
71.3
72.3
78.1
78.4
80.2
82.4
78.2
83.9
78.2
86.0
81.5
83.7
97.2
99.3
85.6
83.3
90.3
100.0
101.4
86.0
94.4
95.8
94.1
105.1
124.2
124.5

69.1
70.4
67.7
68.2
71.7
76.6
77.7
80.5
79.9
80.7
84.0
83.0
86.6
89.0
93.8
95.9
89.2
92.4
96.5
100.0
98.7
92.2
92.9
99.9
110.5
113.1
123.5
125.5

70.2
68.9
66.9
67.4
70.3
76.2
77.0
80.0
80.3
80.0
83.9
81.3
86.7
89.7
93.1
95.4
90.5
94.9
98.0
100.0
98.2
93.4
92.5
100.7
114.4
114.9
123.3
125.7

64.1
78.3
72.1
72.2
78.6
78.3
81.2
82.7
78.0
84.1
84.0
91.4
86.0
86.0
97.2
98.1
83.6
81.5
90.2
100.0
101.4
86.6
95.0
96.3
94.7
105.5
123.9
124.2

2.1
5.9

2.2
5.4

1.6
8.3

2.0
5.8

2.1
5.3

1.6
8.1

1 The output m easures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 90. Metal household furniture (SIC 2514): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

63.0
68.9
64.7
61.0
62.4
67.6
72.8
75.6
75.3
75.4
81.1
82.0
84.5
84.5
97.2
106.6
95.1
78.7
88.7
100.0
101.4
95.5
88.4
89.7
89.8
96.4
102.6
102.8

94.4
102.9
100.2
93.0
90.6
91.6
98.1
97.6
99.3
96.2
100.0
100.5
98.7
97.1
103.4
113.0
105.5
83.6
92.1
100.0
103.8
105.9
94.4
90.9
83.5
88.3
84.6
83.0

93.4
105.8
102.1
94.7
92.8
92.8
99.6
98.8
100.0
97.5
99.2
101.6
97.7
96.3
104.1
114.1
104.3
81.2
90.8
100.0
104.7
104.8
94.6
90.3
81.0
87.6
85.1
83.1

99.1
89.0
90.8
84.4
79.9
86.2
90.8
91.7
96.3
89.9
103.7
95.4
103.7
100.9
100.0
107.4
111.1
94.5
98.2
100.0
100.0
111.0
93.6
93.6
95.4
91.7
82.6
82.6

91.2
97.9
95.5
89.4
87.0
88.2
93.7
93.9
94.3
93.4
96.6
98.8
97.6
94.9
103.6
111.1
106.6
85.2
91.9
100.0
102.7
103.6
95.2
89.8
81.3
85.2
83.1
81.9

89.7
100.0
96.7
90.5
88.7
88.7
94.5
94.5
93.8
94.2
96.7
100.8
97.5
94.2
104.4
111.7
105.1
82.9
90.5
100.0
103.3
102.2
95.6
89.1
78.5
83.9
83.2
81.8

98.3
88.0
89.7
84.5
79.4
86.3
89.7
91.4
96.6
89.7
96.6
89.7
98.3
98.3
100.0
108.7
113.8
96.6
98.3
100.0
100.0
110.3
93.1
93.1
94.8
91.4
82.8
82.8

1.8
4.1

-.3
-1 .7

-.4
-1 .2

.2
-3 .9

-.2
-1 .6

-.3
-1.1

.2
-3 .6

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

54

T a b le 9 1 .
1 9 5 8 -8 6
(1977=100)

M a ttre s s e s a n d b e d s p rin g s (S IC 25 1 5 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e ,

Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Year
All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

51.2
51.9
53.2
53.1
55.5
57.5
59.1
61.3
62.4
64.1
66.8
64.9
67.7
75.4
83.5
88.4
94.3
96.9
99.2
100.0
101.5
102.8
112.1
114.0
104.3
108.8
109.7
109.0
113.4

50.0
50.5
52.7
53.2
55.4
56.9
58.8
60.2
60.6
62.2
65.9
63.7
67.2
74.3
82.3
86.1
92.4
94.9
98.3
100.0
100.2
103.8
114.8
117.1
107.1
110.2
109.7
110.0
113.5

55.1
56.7
54.8
52.3
55.6
59.4
59.8
65.2
69.1
71.0
69.6
68.8
69.0
78.9
87.6
96.8
100.8
104.2
101.9
100.0
106.1
99.6
104.1
105.4
96.2
104.6
109.9
106.1
112.7

51.9
53.9
54.6
55.0
57.1
59.4
61.0
63.4
64.2
65.5
70.1
68.2
70.5
77.2
84.8
88.7
93.2
95.7
99.5
100.0
101.0
104.2
111.2
113.9
103.1
110.3
110.1
110.2
115.3

50.9
53.0
54.3
55.8
57.5
59.4
61.2
62.7
62.8
63.9
68.7
66.9
69.9
76.0
83.9
86.7
91.5
93.6
99.0
100.0
99.4
105.6
113.4
116.6
105.2
112.2
109.8
111.2
115.7

55.8
57.1
55.6
52.5
56.1
59.8
60.2
65.6
69.1
71.2
75.2
73.4
72.4
81.2
87.6
95.5
99.0
103.0
101.5
100.0
106.6
100.3
104.7
106.1
97.0
104.6
110.6
106.9
113.6

3.4
.3

3.5
-.2

3.0
2.0

3.2
.7

3.3
.3

3.0
2.0

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the International Sleep
Products Association, the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 92. Mattresses and bedsprings (SIC 2515): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 .......................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 ' .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

61.0
65.1
61.7
61.5
66.7
66.3
68.7
74.9
76.6
75.7
83.4
83.7
81.5
92.7
98.6
110.4
97.4
88.6
95.1
100.0
99.9
111.2
114.5
119.4
97.0
104.6
107.2
106.9
111.8

119.2
125.5
115.9
115.9
120.2
115.3
116.3
122.2
122.8
118.1
124.9
128.9
120.4
122.9
118.1
124.9
103.3
91.4
95.9
100.0
98.4
108.2
102.1
104.7
93.0
96.1
97.7
98.1
98.6

121.9
128.8
117.0
115.6
120.4
116.5
116.8
124.5
126.5
121.7
126.5
131.3
121.2
124.7
119.8
128.2
105.4
93.4
96.7
100.0
99.7
107.1
99.7
102.0
90.6
94.9
97.7
97.2
98.5

110.8
114.9
112.5
117.5
119.9
111.6
114.9
114.9
110.8
106.6
119.9
121.6
118.2
117.5
112.5
114.1
96.6
85.0
93.3
100.0
94.2
111.7
110.0
113.3
100.8
100.0
97.5
100.8
99.2

117.5
120.8
113.1
111.9
116.8
111.6
112.6
118.2
119.3
115.6
119.0
122.7
115.6
120.0
116.3
124.5
104.5
92.6
95.6
100.0
98.9
106.7
103.0
104.8
94.1
94.8
97.4
97.0
97.0

119.9
122.9
113.6
110.2
116.1
111.7
112.2
119.4
121.9
118.5
121.4
125.2
116.6
121.9
117.5
127.3
106.4
94.7
96.1
100.0
100.5
105.3
101.0
102.4
92.2
93.2
97.6
96.1
96.6

109.4
114.1
110.9
117.2
118.8
110.9
114.1
114.1
110.9
106.3
110.9
114.1
112.5
114.1
112.5
115.6
98.4
86.0
93.7
100.0
93.7
110.9
109.4
112.5
100.0
100.0
96.9
100.0
98.4

2.4
(2)

-1 .0
-.4

-1.1
.2

-.6
-2 .0

-.8
-.8

-.9
-.3

-.6
-2 .0

1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the International
Sleep Products Association, the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.

55

T a b le 9 3 . O ffic e fu rn itu re (S IC 25 2): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 5 8 -8 6
(1977=100)
Output per h o u r1

Output per em ployee 1

Y ear
All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All em ployees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

64.0
69.8
70.4
72.5
74.4
75.9
82.1
84.2
86.7
86.5
85.2
88.0
78.2
83.9
91.8
90.6
83.1
85.5
89.7
100.0
100.0
107.2
112.1
108.8
107.4
112.0
117.7
116.7
117.2

62.0
66.6
67.0
69.8
71.5
72.7
80.0
81.1
83.0
84.2
84.8
89.2
79.4
86.6
91.7
89.9
80.7
87.4
91.2
100.0
99.5
106.5
117.8
112.4
112.5
116.9
121.5
123.2
123.3

73.2
85.0
86.2
84.0
88.1
90.3
90.9
98.1
103.5
96.0
86.8
84.1
74.0
75.3
92.1
93.0
93.5
78.8
84.4
100.0
102.0
109.8
94.9
97.4
91.8
97.1
105.6
97.7
99.2

63.9
70.9
72.0
74.1
75.4
77.7
84.7
88.6
90.9
89.1
90.1
91.6
81.7
86.5
94.7
92.7
83.8
83.4
88.6
100.0
100.2
109.1
109.5
109.5
106.1
109.8
119.5
117.3
118.5

61.5
67.4
68.8
71.6
72.5
74.8
82.9
86.2
88.0
87.3
89.2
92.2
82.9
89.5
95.5
92.8
82.0
85.1
89.9
100.0
99.7
108.9
114.0
113.3
110.9
114.0
124.1
124.3
125.3

74.5
86.4
86.6
84.4
88.6
90.3
91.4
98.1
103.3
95.9
93.5
89.5
77.8
77.3
92.0
92.2
91.2
77.6
84.3
100.0
101.8
109.9
95.7
97.8
92.2
97.1
105.9
98.0
99.5

1.9
1.9

2.3
2.2

.6
1.0

1.8
2.3

2.2
2.7

.6
1.0

1 The output m easures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may

differ from those previously published.
S O U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Business and
Institutional Furniture Manfacturers Association, the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau
of Labor Statistics.

Table 94. Office furniture (SIC 252): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(19 7 7 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees
All em ployees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

33.1
37.5
39.4
38.4
42.1
45.6
50.8
57.5
67.9
69.7
70.9
81.4
67.6
64.8
82.7
87.5
82.9
68.2
75.8
100.0
108.0
121.0
129.6
131.4
138.7
146.1
173.2
178.1
180.9

51.7
53.7
56.0
53.0
56.6
60.1
61.9
68.3
78.3
80.6
83.2
92.5
86.4
77.2
90.1
96.6
99.8
79.8
84.5
100.0
108.0
112.9
115.6
120.8
129.2
130.4
147.1
152.6
154.3

53.4
56.3
58.8
55.0
58.9
62.7
63.5
70.9
81.8
82.8
83.6
91.3
85.1
74.8
90.2
97.3
102.7
78.0
83.1
100.0
108.5
113.6
110.0
116.9
123.3
125.0
142.5
144.6
146.7

45.2
44.1
45.7
45.7
47.8
50.5
55.9
58.6
65.6
72.6
81.7
96.8
91.4
86.0
89.8
94.1
88.7
86.6
89.8
100.0
105.9
110.2
136.6
134.9
151.1
150.5
164.0
182.3
182.3

51.8
52.9
54.7
51.8
55.8
58.7
60.0
64.9
74.7
78.2
78.7
88.9
82.7
74.9
87.3
94.4
98.9
81.8
85.6
100.0
107.8
110.9
118.4
120.0
130.7
133.1
144.9
151.8
152.7

53.8
55.6
57.3
53.6
58.1
61.0
61.3
66.7
77.2
79.8
79.5
88.3
81.5
72.4
86.6
94.3
101.1
80.1
84.3
100.0
108.3
111.1
113.7
116.0
125.1
128.2
139.6
143.3
144.4

44.4
43.4
45.5
45.5
47.5
50.5
55.6
58.6
65.7
72.7
75.8
90.9
86.9
83.8
89.9
94.9
90.9
87.9
89.9
100.0
106.1
110.1
135.4
134.3
150.5
150.5
163.6
181.8
181.8

5.9
7.5

3.8
5.4

3.5
5.1

5.2
6.3

4.0
5.1

3.6
4.6

5.3
6.4

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Business and
Institutional Furniture Manfacturers Association, the Bureau of the Census and the
Bureau of Labor Statistics.

56

T a b le 9 5 . W o o d o ffic e fu rn itu re (S IC 2 5 2 1 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 5 8 -8 5
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Year
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

67.1
69.5
68.0
70.5
69.9
80.4
84.5
82.8
85.9
88.1
87.7
91.9
83.9
81.2
84.5
78.5
83.0
80.5
81.9
100.0
100.7
110.8
109.2
99.5
90.3
93.9
96.0
96.2

62.5
64.2
63.7
66.1
64.8
74.5
79.2
78.8
81.5
83.2
83.3
88.8
79.6
78.3
81.1
74.9
78.4
78.3
79.2
100.0
103.3
114.0
117.5
103.0
92.0
94.4
97.2
98.6

98.0
109.6
96.1
97.2
104.2
121.9
116.7
105.7
112.5
116.8
113.9
108.4
109.6
96.9
102.8
98.5
109.7
91.6
96.0
100.0
91.0
98.7
84.1
86.8
83.5
91.6
91.2
87.6

67.7
71.9
71.4
74.5
74.9
85.0
88.3
86.4
88.3
91.2
95.0
97.3
85.3
80,1
85.8
78.5
80.8
73.7
78.0
100.0
98.4
111.4
100.6
99.5
88.0
92.8
96.1
96.6

62.7
66.2
67.0
70.3
69.9
78.8
83.1
82.3
83.5
86.6
90.1
93.7
79.9
76.5
82.3
74.9
76.0
70.4
74.6
100.0
100.7
114.8
105.4
103.1
89.1
93.1
97.3
99.0

98.0
109.6
96.8
97.9
105.0
122.8
118.6
108.0
114.9
115.0
121.4
115.6
116.9
99.5
103.9
97.3
108.3
89.9
95.1
100.0
90.7
99.5
85.1
87.3
84.0
92.0
91.7
88.0

1.3
-.1

1.8
-.3

-.8
1.1

1.0
.3

1.4
.1

-.9
1.0

index:
1958 ........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 96. Wood office furniture (SIC 2521): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 5 ...................................
1981-85 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

24.5
27.4
27.2
27.5
29.5
34.5
37.0
40.5
43.1
46.7
49.3
57.8
51.2
43.6
61.7
60.8
67.7
53.4
62.4
100.0
107.7
139.9
127.6
120.0
115.5
120.7
149.0
143.0

36.5
39.4
40.0
39.0
42.2
42.9
43.8
48.9
50.2
53.0
56.2
62.9
61.0
53.7
73.0
77.5
81.6
66.3
76.2
100.0
107.0
126.3
116.8
120.6
127.9
128.6
155.2
148.6

39.2
42.7
42.7
41.6
45.5
46.3
46.7
51.4
52.9
56.1
59.2
65.1
64.3
55.7
76.1
81.2
86.3
68.2
78.8
100.0
104.3
122.7
108.6
116.5
125.5
127.8
153.3
145.1

25.0
25.0
28.3
28.3
28.3
28.3
31.7
38.3
38.3
40.0
43.3
53.3
46.7
45.0
60.0
61.7
61.7
58.3
65.0
100.0
118.3
141.7
151.7
138.3
138.3
131.7
163.3
163.3

36.2
38.1
38.1
36.9
39.4
40.6
41.9
46.9
48.8
51.2
51.9
59.4
60.0
54.4
71.9
77.5
83.8
72.5
80.0
100.0
109.4
125.6
126.9
120.6
131.3
130.0
155.0
148.1

39.1
41.4
40.6
39.1
42.2
43.8
44.5
49.2
51.6
53.9
54.7
61.7
64.1
57.0
75.0
81.2
89.1
75.8
83.6
100.0
107.0
121.9
121.1
116.4
129.7
129.7
153.1
144.5

25.0
25.0
28.1
28.1
28.1
28.1
31.2
37.5
37.5
40.6
40.6
50.0
43.8
43.8
59.4
62.5
62.5
59.4
65.6
100.0
118.7
140.6
150.0
137.5
137.5
131.2
162.5
162.5

7.1
6.2

5.7
6.3

5.2
6.6

8.0
5.1

6.0
5.9

5.6
6.2

8.0
5.1

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

57

T a b le 9 7 .
(1977 = 100)

M e ta l o ffic e fu rn itu re (S IC 25 2 2 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 5 8 -8 5
Output per em ployee 1

Output per h o u r1
Y ear
Nonproduction workers

64.5
71.6
72.7
74.7
77.9
75.9
82.9
86.3
88.3
87.6
86.2
88.5
78.0
86.4
96.7
97.9
84.5
88.9
94.8
100.0
99.8
104.5
113.9
114.0
116.6
122.1
130.4
128.2

62.7
68.7
69.3
72.5
75.4
73.4
81.5
83.2
84.5
85.6
86.4
90.5
80.8
90.8
97.9
98.2
82.7
92.8
98.6
100.0
97.6
101.8
118.1
117.5
124.2
130.1
136.4
137.5

71.7
84.2
87.4
84.3
88.1
86.7
88.6
99.3
104.9
95.6
85.3
82.2
69.7
74.0
92.6
96.4
91.4
77.7
83.7
100.0
108.3
114.9
101.2
103.3
96.4
100.6
113.1
103.7

2.1
3.5

2.5
4.2

.9
1.7

Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Nonproduction workers

62.1
69.2
70.7
73.5
74.7
74.8
84.3
89.3
90.6
89.0
90.3
93.2
85.8
96.2
103.2
102.9
85.9
94.2
99.5
100.0
99.4
105.1
119.7
119.0
123.8
126.0
141.0
139.1

72.1
79.9
87.9
84.7
88.7
86.6
89.0
99.7
105.3
95.6
91.5
87.5
73.0
75.8
92.2
94.9
88.9
76.6
83.2
100.0
108.3
115.5
101.9
103.7
96.7
100.5
113.2
103.9

2.1
3.7

Production workers

Production workers

64.2
72.3
74.0
75.8
77.6
77.3
85.4
91.6
93.6
90.4
90.6
91.8
82.5
90.6
100.4
101.0
86.7
89.4
95.3
100.0
101.3
107.3
115.0
115.0
116.3
119.1
133.4
129.0

All employees

2.4
4.5

.9
1.6

All employees

NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
S O U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 98. Metall office furniture (SIC 2522): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

38.7
44.1
47.2
45.5
50.3
53.0
59.8
68.5
83.3
84.2
84.6
96.6
78.5
78.1
96.3
104.8
92.9
77.7
84.4
100.0
108.3
110.3
130.9
137.7
151.5
160.5
185.8
198.4

60.0
61.6
64.9
60.9
64.6
69.8
72.1
79.4
94.3
96.1
98.2
109.1
100.7
90.4
99.6
107.1
110.0
87.4
89.0
100.0
108.5
105.5
114.9
120.8
129.9
131.5
142.5
154.8

61.7
64.2
68.1
62.8
66.7
72.2
73.4
82.3
98.6
98.4
97.9
106.7
97.2
86.0
98.4
106.7
112.4
83.7
85.6
100.0
111.0
108.3
110.8
117.2
122.0
123.4
136.2
144.3

54.0
52.4
54.0
54.0
57.1
61.1
67.5
69.0
79.4
88.1
99.2
117.5
112.7
105.6
104.0
108.7
101.6
100.0
100.8
100.0
100.0
96.0
129.4
133.3
157.1
159.5
164.3
191.3

60.3
61.0
63.8
60.0
64.8
68.6
70.0
74.8
89.0
93.1
93.4
105.2
95.2
86.2
95.9
103.8
107.2
86.9
88.6
100.0
106.9
102.8
113.8
119.7
130.3
134.8
139.3
153.8

62.3
63.7
66.8
61.9
67.3
70.9
70.9
76.7
91.9
94.6
93.7
103.6
91.5
81.2
93.3
101.8
108.1
82.5
84.8
100.0
109.0
104.9
109.4
115.7
122.4
127.4
131.8
142.6

53.7
55.2
53.7
53.7
56.7
61.2
67.2
68.7
79.1
88.1
92.5
110.4
107.5
103 0
104.5
110.4
104.5
101.5
101.5
100.0
100.0
95.5
128.4
132.8
156.7
159.7
164.2
191.0

5.2
9.8

3.0
6.1

2.6
5.4

4.2
8.0

3.1
5.8

2.7
5.0

4.3
8.0

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

58

Table 99. Paper, paperboard, and pulp mills (SIC 2611, 2621, 2631, 2661): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per
employee, 1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per employee 1

Output per hour 1
Y ear

Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ..................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

44.1
46.9
48.8
52.2
54.2
57.4
60.3
63.7
66.9
66.1
69.9
72.5
75.8
80.1
86.7
90.2
90.5
87.7
95.0
100.0
103.7
106.2
106.4
105.5
113.7
121.3
123.1
123.4
131.4

58.2
60.8
59.8
62.3
65.4
68.7
73.1
74.6
78.1
75.0
82.3
86.0
85.7
85.1
93.1
98.3
95.2
82.3
95.1
100.0
101.1
102.0
100.5
100.0
102.5
112.1
113.2
108.5
118.7

3.7
3.8

4.0
4.0

45.2
49.5
50.9
54.3
56.5
60.0
63.6
66.9
70.9
69.3
73.7
76.6
78.0
82.8
90.5
93.2
92.4
86.1
95.6
100.0
104.3
106.5
106.9
104.9
111.6
121.1
124.3
122.8
131.5

60.0
62.6
61.6
63.9
67.3
70.6
75.5
76.7
79.9
76.7
84.0
86.5
85.1
86.3
96.0
101.6
98.2
84.3
96.7
100.0
101.1
102.4
101.3
100.4
102.9
112.1
113.6
109.0
119.2

3.8
4.2

2.0
3.0

All employees

Nonproduction workers

46.2
49.0
50.6
53.9
56.0
59.3
62.3
65.4
68.7
67.6
71.9
74.8
77.5
81.0
87.9
91.5
91.5
86.7
95.0
100.0
103.2
105.4
105.2
104.4
111.3
119.5
121.0
120.3
128.8

Nonproduction workers

3.4
3.9

Production workers

Production workers

47.9
51.8
52.9
56.2
58.5
62.0
65.8
68.8
72.8
70.7
75.8
78.7
79.5
83.6
91.6
94.9
93.6
85.9
95.9
100.0
103.5
105.6
105.7
104.0
109.6
119.0
121.9
119.7
128.7

All employees

2.1
3.0

differ from those previously published.
SO URCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census, the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, and the American Paper Institute. Employment and hours based on data from
the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

Table 100. Paper, paperboard, and pulp mills (SIC 2611, 2621, 2631, 2661): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

48.1
53.6
54.8
56.5
59.5
62.7
66.7
70.6
76.1
75.9
81.6
85.9
85.1
86.0
92.8
97.1
96.7
82.1
95.6
100.0
102.4
106.0
105.3
102.4
103.1
110.9
115.1
113.0
119.7

104.2
109.4
108.3
104.9
106.3
105.8
107.0
107.9
110.8
112.2
113.5
114.9
109.8
106.2
105.6
106.1
105.7
94.7
100.6
100.0
99.2
100.6
100.1
98.1
92.6
92.8
95.1
93.9
92.9

109.1
114.4
112.2
108.3
109.8
109.2
110.6
110.9
113.8
114.8
116.8
118.5
112.2
107.3
107.0
107.7
106.8
93.6
100.6
100.0
98.7
99.8
99.0
97.1
90.7
91.4
93.5
91.6
91.1

82.6
88.1
91.6
90.7
91.0
91.3
91.3
94.7
97.5
101.2
99.2
99.9
99.3
101.0
99.7
98.8
101.6
99.7
100.5
100.0
101.3
103.9
104.8
102.4
100.6
98.9
101.7
104.1
100.8

100.5
103.4
103.6
100.6
101.7
101.1
101.3
102.6
104.6
107.3
107.7
109.2
107.1
102.9
101.3
102.3
103.3
95.6
99.7
100.0
98.9
100.4
99.6
98.5
94.1
93.2
94.4
94.4
93.0

106.3
108.3
107.7
104.1
105.4
104.5
104.8
105.6
107.3
109.6
110.7
112.1
109.1
103.9
102.5
104.2
104.7
95.3
100.0
100.0
98.2
99.5
98.5
97.6
92.4
91.6
92.6
92.0
91.0

80.1
85.6
89.0
88.4
88.4
88.8
88.4
92.1
95.3
98.9
97.1
99.3
100.0
99.6
96.7
95.6
98.5
97.4
98.9
100.0
101.3
103.5
103.9
102.0
100.2
98.9
101.3
103.7
100.4

3.5
3.2

- .2
- .6

-.4
-.8

1.4
.1

.1
-.8

-.2
-1 .0

1.5
.1

1 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census, the Bureau of Labor
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Statistics, and the American Paper Institute. Employment and hours based on data from
differ from those previously published.
the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.




59

T a b le 101.

P a p e r a n d p la s tic b a g s (S IC 26 43): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 5 8 -8 5

(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per h o u r'

Output per em ployee 1

Y ear
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

57.6
60.4
61.1
65.0
66.7
69.7
69.3
72.7
72.4
75.6
79.7
78.1
75.8
86.2
88.9
94.1
98.6
99.8
100.5
100.0
100.1
98.0
94.6
92.3
95.3
102.9
105.6
107.2

56.9
60.0
60.3
63.8
65.5
68.8
68.7
72.6
71.9
75.2
78.9
78.2
74.4
85.1
88.7
94.3
96.5
100.4
100.1
100.0
99.6
98.0
95.0
92.8
95.9
103.2
106.4
106.8

61.0
62.3
64.9
70.4
72.2
73.6
71.7
73.1
74.6
77.2
83.2
78.0
82.2
91.3
89.4
92.7
108.3
97.4
102.1
100.0
102.0
97.7
93.1
90.4
93.1
101.8
102.9
108.4

58.0
61.1
58.7
64.1
65.9
70.5
71.2
74.4
75.0
77.1
83.1
80.4
76.5
86.9
90.5
95.3
99.4
94.5
98.6
100.0
101.5
97.3
94.5
93.4
94.3
103.5
106.1
108.4

56.9
60.3
56.9
62.3
64.0
69.3
70.5
74.1
74.7
76.7
82.6
80.8
75.2
85.5
90.0
95.1
96.6
93.3
97.3
100.0
101.3
97.1
94.6
94.0
94.6
104.0
106.6
108.2

63.0
64.1
67.0
72.5
74.3
75.8
74.2
75.4
76.3
78.9
85.2
78.6
81.9
92.6
92.1
95.8
112.0
99.7
103.6
100.0
102.1
98.3
94.2
91.1
93.5
101.7
103.8
108.8

2.3
4.1

2.4
3.9

1.9
4.7

2.3
4.2

2.4
4.1

1.7
4.7

Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 ................ ........................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-85 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
S O U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 102. Paper and plastic bags (SIC 2643): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-85 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

46.4
50.5
49.4
52.0
54.1
61.3
63.7
67.0
72.5
73.3
80.9
81.8
83.5
89.7
90.3
96.8
105.3
94.7
102.6
100.0
103.1
105.3
106.5
104.9
97.2
106.9
106.9
107.7

80.5
83.6
80.8
80.0
81.1
88.0
91.9
92.1
100.1
97.0
101.5
104.7
110.2
104.0
101.6
102.9
106.8
94.9
102.1
100.0
103.0
107.5
112.6
113.6
102.0
103.9
101.2
100.5

81.5
84 2
81.9
81.5
82.6
89.1
92.7
92.3
100.8
97.5
102.5
104.6
112.2
105.4
101.8
102.6
109.1
94.3
102.5
100.0
103.5
107.5
112.1
113.0
101.4
103.6
100.5
100.8

76.1
81.1
76.1
73.9
74.9
83.3
88.9
91.6
97.2
95.0
97.2
104.9
101.6
98.3
101.0
104.4
97.2
97.2
100.5
100.0
101.1
107.8
114.4
116.1
104.4
105.0
103.9
99.4

80.0
82.7
84.2
81.1
82.1
86.9
89.5
90.1
96.7
95.1
97.3
101.8
109.2
103.2
99.8
101.6
105.9
100.2
104.1
100.0
101.6
108.2
112.7
112.3
103.1
103.3
100.8
99.4

81.6
83.7
86.8
83.5
84.5
88.4
90.4
90.4
97.1
95.6
97.9
101.2
111.1
104.9
100.3
101.8
109.0
101.5
105.4
100.0
101.8
108.5
112.6
111.6
102.8
102.8
100.3
99.5

73.7
78.8
73.7
71.7
72.8
80.9
85.9
88.9
95.0
92.9
95.0
104.1
102.0
96.9
98.0
101.0
94.0
95.0
99.0
100.0
101.0
107.1
113.1
115.2
104.0
105.1
103.0
99.0

3.6
1.5

1.2
-2 .5

1.1
-2 .3

1.7
-3.1

1.3
-2 .6

1.2
-2 .5

1.8
-3.1

1 Preliminary,
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

60

T a b le 103.
1 9 6 3 -8 6

F o ld in g p a p e rb o a rd b o x e s (S IC 2 6 5 1 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e ,

(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r'
Y ear
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

75.8
77.5
73.5
74.0
81.0
85.8
83.4
77.4
84.5
91.6
92.8
98.4
98.5
102.8
100.0
104.6
104.6
101.6
104.5
104.2
104.5
102.4
99.6
103.3

75.2
76.8
72.9
73.4
80.9
84.8
82.3
77.1
84.9
91.6
92.6
99.4
100.6
103.7
100.0
105.0
104.3
102.1
104.3
105.5
105.5
103.6
100.0
103.3

79.2
81.3
76.5
77.1
81.9
91.3
89.6
78.8
83.2
92.5
94.0
94.7
90.3
99.7
100.0
103.2
106.3
99.7
105.7
98.6
100.3
97.5
97.6
103.3

78.0
80.6
76.5
76.9
83.9
88.6
85.5
77.8
85.0
92.5
93.5
98.8
99.5
105.1
100.0
104.9
106.2
102.2
106.1
104.3
105.2
104.7
100.9
105.3

77.2
79.8
76.0
76.2
83.8
87.5
84.3
77.5
85.0
91.6
92.6
99.0
101.4
106.0
100.0
105.2
106.1
102.6
105.9
105.9
106.6
106.5
101.7
105.7

81.3
84.2
78.6
79.1
84.0
93.1
90.1
78.5
84.4
95.3
96.8
97.5
92.5
101.1
100.0
103.5
106.9
100.6
106.3
98.9
100.3
98.1
98.2
103.6

1.7
- .6

1.7
- .6

1.3
- .5

1.6
- .4

1.7
-.4

1.2
-.5

Index:
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 6 3 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Paperboard Packaging Council, the Bureau of
the Census, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from
the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output m easures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may

Table 104. Folding paperboard boxes (SIC 2651): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1963-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees
Index:
1963 .........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 6 3 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

89.5
89.8
88.3
93.3
92.5
96.3
102.3
84.7
85.3
94.3
94.7
95.4
85.3
95.4
100.0
107.0
106.9
104.0
105.1
101.1
100.3
105.9
98.2
101.3

118.0
115.9
120.2
126.1
114.2
112.2
122.6
109.5
100.9
102.9
102.1
97.0
86.6
92.8
100.0
102.3
102.2
102.4
100.6
97.0
96.0
103.4
98.6
98.1

119.0
116.9
121.1
127.1
114.3
113.6
124.3
109.8
100.5
103.0
102.3
96.0
84.8
92.0
100.0
101.9
102.5
101.9
100.8
95.8
95.1
102.2
98.2
98.1

113.0
110.5
115.5
121.0
113.0
105.5
114.2
107.5
102.5
101.9
100.7
100.7
94.5
95.7
100.0
103.7
100.6
104.3
99.4
102.5
100.0
108.6
100.6
98.1

114.8
111.4
115.4
121.4
110.3
108.7
119.6
108.9
100.4
102.0
101.3
96.6
85.7
90.8
100.0
102.0
100.7
101.8
99.1
96.9
95.3
101.1
97.3
96.2

116.0
112.6
116.2
122.4
110.4
110.0
121.3
109.3
100.3
102.9
102.3
96.4
84.1
90.0
100.0
101.7
100.8
101.4
99.2
95.5
94.1
99.4
96.6
95.8

110.1
106.7
112.3
118.0
110.1
103.4
113.5
107.9
101.1
98.9
97.8
97.8
92.2
94.4
100.0
103.4
100.0
103.4
98.9
102.2
100.0
107.9
100.0
97.8

.7
- .6

-1 .0

-1 .0

-.6
-.1

-.8
-.2

-.9
-.2

-.5
-.1

ft

ft

1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output based on data from the Paperboard Packaging Council, the
Bureau of the Census, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

61

T a b le 105.
1 9 5 8 -8 6

C o rru g a te d a n d s o lid fib e r b o x e s (S IC 2 6 5 3 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e ,

(1977 = 100)
Output per h o u r1

Output per em ployee 1

Y ear
All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

49.9
50.8
50.6
53.4
54.1
57.7
58.9
60.7
63.2
65.5
67.9
69.3
73.1
77.5
79.6
86.1
92.0
96.2
101.5
100.0
103.4
106.9
111.0
109.8
111.9
114.0
118.9
122.5
127.3

47.9
47.9
48.1
50.7
51.1
55.2
56.4
58.2
59.6
62.8
64.7
66.3
70.8
75.9
77.3
83.1
91.8
98.3
101.5
100.0
103.0
106.4
113.1
111.2
114.2
115.4
118.7
122.2
126.3

56.9
61.8
59.1
62.8
65.4
66.5
67.5
69.6
76.8
74.3
78.6
79.9
80.4
82.2
87.2
95.6
92.3
90.2
101.5
100.0
104.7
107.8
105.2
106.0
105.5
110.1
119.8
123.5
130.5

51.7
53.7
52.3
56.0
57.2
60.7
63.3
65.5
67.4
68.3
71.3
72.5
73.4
78.3
82.3
88.6
89.7
94.6
101.0
100.0
103.0
106.8
109.8
110.1
110.5
115.3
120.7
123.0
129.3

49.6
50.9
49.8
53.4
54.3
58.3
61.2
63.5
64.0
65.9
68.4
70.0
71.3
76.5
79.8
85.2
87.8
95.5
100.2
100.0
102.3
106.2
111.4
111.6
112.4
117.5
120.9
122.8
128.5

58.6
63.5
60.9
64.4
67.1
68.2
69.6
71.5
78.6
76.0
80.2
80.4
79.8
83.4
89.7
99.1
95.1
92.1
103.3
100.0
104.7
108.3
105.9
106.3
106.1
110.1
120.1
124.0
131.0

3.7
3.1

4.0
2.5

2.8
4.7

3.4
3.4

3.7
2.9

2.7
4.7

differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output based on data from the Fiber Box Association, and the Bureau of the
Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the
Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

Table 106. Corrugated and solid fiber boxes (SIC 2653): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employment,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 ' .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

36.1
41.2
41.2
44.0
47.0
49.8
53.9
58.5
63.8
65.4
70.7
75.5
75.8
79.2
87.5
95.8
91.0
83.3
94.4
100.0
107.3
109.1
105.2
105.6
102.7
110.1
117.6
118.7
125.9

72.3
81.1
81.5
82.4
86.8
86.3
91.5
96.3
100.9
99.9
104.2
108.9
103.7
102.2
109.9
111.3
98.9
86.6
93.0
100.0
103.8
102.1
94.8
96.2
91.8
96.6
98.9
96.9
98.9

75.4
86.1
85.6
86.8
91.9
90.2
95.5
100.5
107.1
104.1
109.2
113.9
107.0
104.4
113.2
115.3
99.1
84.7
93.0
100.0
104.2
102.5
93.0
95.0
89.9
95.4
99.1
97.1
99.7

63.5
66.7
69.7
70.1
71.9
74.9
79.8
84.1
83.1
88.0
90.0
94.5
94.3
96.3
100.4
100.2
98.6
92.3
93.0
100.0
102.5
101.2
100.0
99.6
97.3
100.0
98.2
96.1
96.5

69.8
76.7
78.8
78.6
82.1
82.1
85.2
89.3
94.7
95.7
99.2
104.1
103.2
101.2
106.3
108.1
101.5
88.1
93.5
100.0
104.2
102.2
95.8
95.9
92.9
95.5
97.4
96.5
97.4

72.8
81.0
82.8
82.4
86.6
85.4
88.0
92.1
99.7
99.3
103.4
107.8
106.3
103.5
109.6
112.4
103.7
87.2
94.2
100.0
104.9
102.7
94.4
94.6
91.4
93.7
97.3
96.7
98.0

61.6
64.9
67.7
68.3
70.0
73.0
77.4
81.8
81.2
86.1
88.2
93.9
95.0
95.0
97.5
96.7
95.7
90.4
91.4
100.0
102.5
100.7
99.3
99.3
96.8
100.0
97.9
95.7
96.1

4.3
4.0

.6
.9

.3
1.5

1.5
- .6

.8
.6

.6
1.1

1.6
-.6

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output based on data from the Fiber Box Association, and the Bureau
of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

62

T a b le 107.
1 9 7 2 -8 5

In d u s tria l in o rg a n ic c h e m ic a ls (S IC 281): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e ,

(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per h o u r1

Output per employee 1

Y ear
All employees
Index:
1972 .........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-85 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

97.3
102.1
104.1
86.5
94.4
100.0
102.6
112.2
94.3
91.4
86.3
94.2
106.0
102.6

94.7
97.3
101.2
88.3
96.9
100.0
102.9
112.3
98.0
96.0
91.8
101.0
113.5
111.0

103.5
113.8
110.7
82.8
89.7
100.0
101.9
112.1
87.4
82.8
76.6
82.4
93.1
88.2

96.5
102.8
104.7
85.7
94.2
100.0
102.8
113.3
93.2
91.1
85.0
92.3
105.4
102.5

93.1
97.1
100.5
86.5
96.0
100.0
103.2
113.7
96.3
95.9
90.1
98.5
113.1
111.8

103.5
115.6
113.6
84.3
91.1
100.0
101.9
112.6
88.0
83.3
76.9
82.4
93.4
88.6

P)
4.5

.9
5.2

-1 .8
3.3

-.1
4.6

.9
5.5

-1 .9
3.2

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
3 Less than .05 percent.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 108. Industrial inorganic chemicals (SIC 281): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1972-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1972 ........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ' .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 7 2 -8 5 ...................................
1981-85 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

90.6
96.5
105.1
87.0
95.0
100.0
105.6
108.5
95.9
93.7
82.7
87.8
98.4
97.5

93.1
94.5
101.0
100.6
100.6
100.0
102.9
96.7
101.7
102.5
95.8
93.2
92.8
95.0

95.7
99.2
103.9
98.5
98.0
100.0
102.6
96.6
97.9
97.6
90.1
86.9
86.7
87.8

87.5
84.8
94.9
105.1
105.9
100.0
103.6
96.8
109.7
113.1
107.9
106.5
105.7
110.5

93.9
93.9
100.4
101.5
100.9
100.0
102.7
95.8
102.9
102.9
97.3
95.1
93.4
95.1

97.3
99.4
104.6
100.6
99.0
100.0
102.3
95.4
99.6
97.7
91.8
89.1
87.0
87.2

87.5
83.5
92.5
103.2
104.3
100.0
103.6
96.4
109.0
112.5
107.5
106.5
105.4
110.0

-.2
2.6

-.2
-1 .8

-1.1
-2 .5

1.6
-.7

-.1
-2 .0

-1.1
-2 .8

1.7
-.6

Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

63

T a b le 109. A lk a lie s a n d c h lo rin e (S IC 28 12): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 7 2 -8 5
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per h o u r1

Output per em ployee 1

Y ear
All employees
Index:
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 7 2 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

102.1
102.0
113.3
90.0
98.0
100.0
106.6
107.9
115.4
95.3
100.8
127.1
146.3
147.4

96.7
95.4
107.4
87.8
100.2
100.0
105.7
109.3
119.9
97.9
104.2
129.6
142.7
146.1

117.6
121.5
129.8
95.4
93.2
100.0
108.5
104.8
105.8
89.9
93.7
121.6
155.2
150.2

101.3
103.2
115.1
91.4
99.5
100.0
108.3
107.4
107.7
96.2
99.1
128.1
150.7
147.2

95.2
96.0
108.0
89.1
101.9
100.0
108.7
109.3
108.0
100.0
102.1
132.2
148.4
146.1

117.2
122 8
133 6
96.5
94.7
100 0
107.6
103.8
106.8
89 5
93.3
120 5
156 2
149 6

2.4
13.3

2.9
11.8

1.1
16.5

2.4
13.5

3.0
12.0

1.0
16.7

1 The output m easures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 110. Alkalies and chlorine (SIC 2812): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1972-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 7 2 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All em ployees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

114.2
116.3
133.6
109.2
112.1
100.0
99.1
68.3
67.5
61.2
63.8
79.3
94.5
102.3

111.8
114.0
117.9
121.4
114.4
100.0
93.0
63.3
58.5
64.2
63.3
62.4
64.6
69.4

118.1
121.9
124.4
124.4
111.9
100.0
93.8
62.5
56.3
62.5
61.2
61.2
66.2
70.0

97.1
95.7
102.9
114.5
120.3
100.0
91.3
65.2
63.8
68.1
68.1
65.2
60.9
68.1

112.7
112.7
116.1
119.5
112.7
100.0
91.5
63.6
62.7
63.6
64.4
61.9
62.7
69.5

120.0
121.2
123.7
122.5
110.0
100.0
91.2
62.5
62.5
61.2
62.5
60.0
63.7
70.0

97.4
94.7
100.0
113.2
118.4
100.0
92.1
65.8
63.2
68.4
68.4
65.8
60.5
68.4

-3 .6
15.3

-5 .9
1.8

-6 .4
3.1

-4 .7
-1.1

-5 .8
1.5

-6 .4
2.9

-4 .6
-1 .2

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

64

T a b le 111.

In o rg a n ic p ig m e n ts (S IC 28 1 6 ): in d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 7 2 -8 5

(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Year
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

113.2
114.6
115.4
104.2
100.9
100.0
104.8
105.0
102.2
105.1
96.7
104.0
125.7
132.7

108.7
106.0
110.3
105.5
102.2
100.0
104.1
104.4
108.6
113.0
108.0
113.8
134.8
144.3

124.8
140.4
129.2
101.6
98.0
100.0
106.6
106.5
89.9
90.4
77.7
86.9
108.7
111.9

112.7
117.8
118.0
104.3
100.6
100.0
104.8
105.8
101.3
102.7
93.1
102.4
122.7
129.6

107.8
108.8
112.5
104.8
101.5
100.0
104.0
105.8
108.0
110.2
103.1
112.7
130.5
140.8

124.5
141.5
131.2
103.4
98.9
100.0
106.6
105.9
89.8
90.3
77.7
86.4
109.1
111.3

.4
7.6

1.7
7.4

-2 .3
7.9

.1
7.7

1.3
7.5

-2 .4
7.9

Index:
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 .........................................
1 9 8 5 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-85 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output m easures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 112

Inorganic pigments (SIC 2816): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1972-85

(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-85 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

121.3
130.6
154.7
108.7
109.1
100.0
106.6
100.5
101.3
101.9
87.6
93.0
97.9
105.6

107.2
114.0
134.0
104.3
108.1
100.0
101.7
95.7
99.1
97.0
90.6
89.4
77.9
79.6

111.6
123.2
140.2
103.0
106.7
100.0
102.4
96.3
93.3
90.2
81.1
81.7
72.6
73.2

97.2
93.0
119.7
107.0
111.3
100 0
100.0
94.4
112.7
112.7
112.7
107.0
90.1
94.4

107.6
110.9
131.1
104.2
108.4
100 0
101.7
95.0
100.0
99.2
94.1
90.8
79.8
81.5

112.5
120.0
137.5
103.7
107.5
100 0
102.5
95.0
93.8
92.5
85.0
82.5
75.0
75.0

97.4
92.3
117.9
105.1
110.3
100 0
100.0
94.9
112.8
112.8
112.8
107.7
89.7
94.9

-2 .5
1.8

-2 .9
-5 .3

-4.1
-5.1

-.2
-5 .6

-2 .6
-5 .4

-3 .8
-5 .3

-.1
-5 .6

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

65

Table 113. Industrial inorganic chemicals, not elsewhere classified (SIC 2819 part): Indexes of output per employee hour and output
per employee, 1972-85
(1977 = 100)
Output per hour 1

Output per em ployee 1

Y ear
All employees
Index:
1972 .........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-85 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

92.9
98.5
102.1
84.0
93.9
100.0
101.4
114.6
90.3
89.3
80.8
86.9
97.5
95.3

89.2
96 1
100.2
86.7
97.0
100.0
101.9
114.7
93.8
93.8
85.7
93.0
105.5
104.0

101.9
104.0
106.1
78.9
87.8
100.0
100.4
114.5
83.7
81.2
72.1
76.4
84.3
81.3

92.6
98.3
101.8
82.6
93.1
100.0
101.4
116.2
89.9
89.3
78.9
83.8
96.2
94.6

88 2
94 7
98 3
83 9
95 3
100.0
102.0
117 0
93.2
94.1
83 1
88.3
103 8
103.4

102 0
105 8
109.0
80 4
89 2
100.0
100.4
1150
84.5
81 6
72 3
76.6
84 6
81.7

-.4
3.2

.4
4.2

-2.1
1.6

-.5
3.2

.4
4.2

-2 2
1.6

1 The output m easures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
em ployee indexes relate tc the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 114. Industrial inorganic chemicals, not elsewhere classified (SIC 2819 part): Indexes of output, employee hours, and
employees, 1972-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-85 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All em ployees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

74.9
80.7
88.8
77.6
88.7
100.0
106.8
120.3
101.1
99.1
83.6
87.2
98.3
96.3

80.6
81.9
87.0
92.4
94.5
100.0
105.3
105.0
112.0
111.0
103.5
100.4
100.8
101.0

84.0
84.0
88.6
89.5
91.4
100.0
104.8
104.9
107.8
105.7
97.5
93.8
93.2
92.6

73.5
77.6
83.7
98.4
101.0
100.0
106.4
105.1
120.8
122.0
116.0
114.1
116.6
118.5

80.9
82.1
87.2
93.9
95.3
100.0
105.3
103.5
112.4
111.0
105.9
104.1
102.2
101.8

84.9
85.2
90.3
92.5
93.1
100.0
104.7
102.8
108.5
105.3
100.6
98.7
94.7
93.1

73.4
76.3
81.5
96.5
99.4
100.0
106.4
104.6
119.7
121.4
115.6
113.9
116.2
117.9

1.4
1.1

1.9
-2.1

1.0
-3 .0

3.6
-.5

2.0
-2.1

1.0
-3 .0

3.7
-.5

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

66

T a b le 115. S y n th e tic fib e rs (S IC 2 8 2 3 , 28 2 4 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r an d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 5 8 -8 6
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Y ear
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

29.6
33.9
32.4
34.8
38.3
37.9
40.4
41.8
42.0
45.0
52.1
52.5
53.8
63.3
73.0
79.5
78.0
84.5
89.5
100.0
105.2
115.0
115.7
120.9
103.6
126.2
125.3
135.8
148.2

30.4
33.4
32.5
35.1
37.8
38.4
40.6
41.6
42.8
45.3
51.1
51.8
53.9
62.4
71.1
77.0
77.3
86.9
92.1
100.0
104.7
113.9
117.4
122.7
108.0
128.9
126.8
138.7
148.6

27.5
35.9
32.2
34.0
39.9
36.4
39.7
42.1
39.7
44.3
55.4
55.2
53.7
66.5
80.2
88.7
80.1
77.5
82.5
100.0
106.8
118.2
111.0
115.5
91.5
118.4
121.0
127.0
146.7

30.2
34.7
32.5
35.2
39.0
38.9
41.9
42.9
42.8
45.7
53.7
53.9
54.3
63.8
74.7
81.7
78.7
83.4
88.2
100.0
105.6
115.8
114.9
119.9
100.5
124.5
126.3
137.1
149.1

30.9
34.0
32.4
35.4
38.5
39.6
42.4
42.9
43.8
46.0
52.9
53.3
54.4
62.9
73.0
79.3
77.6
85.0
89.8
100.0
105.1
114.8
116.0
121.3
103.7
126.7
128.0
140.8
149.5

28.2
36.8
32.8
34.4
40.5
37.0
40.5
42.7
40.1
44.7
56.3
55.8
54.0
66.9
80.3
89.9
82.0
78.9
83.7
100.0
106.9
118.8
111.8
116.0
91.8
118.4
121.4
127.7
147.1

6.1
5.3

6.1
5.0

5.9
6.5

6.0
6.0

6.0
5.8

5.8
6.5

Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ...................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 7 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ..................................

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Textile Economics Bureau, Inc. and the Bureau
of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and
the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may

Table 116. Synthetic fibers (SIC 2823, 2824): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
'9 5 8 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
cnange:
1957-86
1981-86 ..................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

22.1
26.4
24.8
26.1
31.2
33.3
38.2
43.8
47.8
48.7
61.9
64.2
63.2
72.9
85.2
96.3
95.5
85.9
90.8
100.0
105.0
113.0
103.9
104.2
83.3
96.4
94.6
96.0
99.0

74.6
77.8
76.5
74.9
81.5
87.8
94.5
104.9
113.9
108.2
118.8
122.2
117.4
115.2
116.7
121.1
122.5
101.7
101.4
100.0
99.8
98.3
89.8
86.2
80.4
76.4
75.5
70.7
66.8

72.8
79.0
76.3
74.3
82.5
86.7
94.0
105.3
111.6
107.6
121.1
124.0
117.2
116.9
119.9
125.0
123.5
98.8
98.6
100.0
100.3
99.2
88.5
84.9
77.1
74.8
74.6
69.2
66.6

80.3
73.5
77.0
76.8
78.2
91.4
96.2
104.0
120.4
109.9
111.8
116.4
117.7
109.7
106.3
108.6
119.2
110.9
110.1
100.0
98.3
95.6
93.6
90.2
91.0
81.4
78.2
75.6
67.5

73.3
76.1
76.2
74.2
80.1
85.5
91.2
102.2
111.7
106.6
115.2
119.1
116.3
114.2
114.1
117.8
121.3
103.0
102.9
100.0
99.4
97.6
90.4
86.9
82.9
77.4
74.9
70.0
66.4

71.6
77.7
76.6
73.8
81.1
84.0
90.2
102.1
109.2
105.8
117.0
120.4
116.1
115.9
116.7
121.5
123.0
101.1
101.1
100.0
99.9
98.4
89.6
85.9
80.3
76.1
73.9
68.2
66.2

78.4
71.8
75.5
75.8
77.1
90.1
94.3
102.6
119.3
108.9
109.9
115.0
117.0
108.9
106.1
107.1
116.4
108.9
108.5
100.0
98.2
95.1
92.9
89.8
90.7
81.4
77.9
75.2
67.3

5.9
.4

-.2
-4 .7

-.2
-4 .3

(2)
-5 .7

-.1
-5 .2

-.1
-5.1

.1
-5 .7

1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SOURCE: Output based on data from the Textile Economics Bureau, Inc. and the
Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of
the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

67

T a b le 117.
1 9 6 3 -8 6

P h a rm a c e u tic a l p re p a ra tio n s (S IC 2 8 3 4 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e ,

(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per h o u r1

Output per em ployee 1

Y ear
All employees

Production workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

52.9
54.0
58.5
60.6
64.4
68.4
73.0
74.8
81.0
86.8
84.8
90.3
92.5
98.4
100.0
98.5
105.3
106.0
104.2
107.0
115.2
114.3
111.9
114.8

49.0
49.3
53.8
55.5
59.4
63.6
66.6
70.0
80.1
85.1
84.5
89.7
94.1
98.1
100.0
99.6
102.4
104.7
104.8
106.8
115.0
118.2
117.7
121.0

54.2
55.7
59.6
62.6
64.1
69.6
74.1
77.1
82.8
88.4
85.5
90.4
90.8
98.0
100.0
100.0
101.8
99.7
103.6
105.8
112.2
108.9
109.9
114.3

50.1
50.7
54.7
57.3
59.1
64.8
67.7
72.0
81.8
86.6
85.2
89.8
92.5
97.7
100.0
101.1
99.1
98.4
104.1
105.6
111.9
112.7
115.4
120.5

59.0
61.6
65.4
69.0
70.0
75.3
81.9
82.8
83.8
90.2
85.6
90.9
89.3
98.3
100.0
98.9
104.7
100.9
103.0
105.9
112.5
105.2
104.7
108.7

3.5
1.8

4.1
3.0

3.3
1.7

3.9
2.9

2.6
.5

Index:
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 6 3 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

1 The output measures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to
the specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table

may differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output based on data from the Pharmaceutical Manufacturer’s
Association and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data
from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 118. Pharmaceutical preparations (SIC 2834): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1963-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Y ear

Employees

Output
All employees

Index:
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 6 3 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

36.5
39.7
44.6
48.7
51.7
56.4
63.2
68.2
74.4
78.3
81.7
86.3
88.3
96.1
100.0
102.5
104.7
106.7
106.9
104.1
109.8
106.6
106.9
111.1

69.0
73.5
76.2
80.3
80.3
82.4
86.6
91.2
91.9
90.2
96.4
95.6
95.5
97.7
100.0
104.1
99.4
100.7
102.6
97.3
95.3
93.3
95.5
96.8

74.5
80.6
82.9
87.7
87.1
88.7
94.9
97.4
92.9
92.0
96.7
96.2
93.8
98.0
100.0
102.9
102.2
101.9
102.0
97.5
95.5
90.2
90.8
91.8

67.3
71.3
74.8
77.8
80.7
81.0
85.3
88.5
89.9
88.6
95.6
95.5
97.2
98.1
100.0
102.5
102.8
107.0
103.2
98.4
97.9
97.9
97.3
97.2

72.8
78.3
81.5
85.0
87.5
87.1
93.4
94.7
91.0
90.4
95.9
96.1
95.5
98.4
100.0
101.4
105.7
108.4
102.7
98.6
98.1
94.6
92.6
92.2

61.9
64.4
68.2
70.6
73.9
74.9
77.2
82.4
88.8
86.8
95.4
94.9
98.9
97.8
100.0
103.6
100.0
105.7
103.8
98.3
97.6
101.3
102.1
102.2

4.9
.7

1.3
-1 .0

.7
-2 .3

1.6
-.9

1.0
-2 .2

2.2
.2

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in
this table may differ from those previously published.
SO URCE: Output based on data from the Pharmaceutical




Manufacturer's Association and the Bureau of the Census. Employment
and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau
of Labor Statistics.

68

Table 119. Soaps and detergents (SIC 2841): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-85
(1977=100)
Output per h o u r'

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

61.6
66.9
64.8
65.5
66.5
72.0
72.0
69.9
74.7
79.3
80.3
80.2
83.9
86.1
95.2
100.8
104.7
97.3
100.1
100.0
105.6
104.8
109.6
107.3
100.9
97.7
101.8
103.3

58.1
63.3
60.5
60.6
60.5
64.9
65.5
64.5
69.7
74.2
76.0
77.2
81.9
85.1
92.9
99.4
103.0
95.0
99.2
100.0
103.0
102.1
107.6
103.9
97.5
94.6
97.7
101.2

69.2
74.7
74.5
76.5
81.5
89.8
87.6
82.4
86.0
90.8
89.3
86.3
87.6
87.7
100.1
103.4
107.8
101.7
101.9
100.0
110.5
110.2
113.1
114.4
107.8
103.6
110.6
107.4

60.1
65.5
63.7
64.7
65.5
70.4
70.4
68.5
73.8
77.9
78.7
79.0
82.3
83.5
94.2
100.2
103.9
96.6
100.0
100.0
106.2
105.0
108.5
106.1
100.6
98.4
104.0
104.8

55.6
61.0
58.7
59.4
58.8
62.6
63.2
62.5
68.4
72.1
73.9
75.8
80.0
81.7
91.5
98.2
100.9
93.3
98.6
100.0
103.7
102.1
105.9
101.7
96.9
95.5
100.4
103.3

69.6
75.0
74.5
76.3
80.8
89.0
87.0
81.6
85.2
90.1
88.4
85.2
86.4
86.6
99.0
103.6
109.4
102.7
102.3
100.0
110.5
110.2
113.1
114.4
107.8
103.6
110.6
107.4

2.2
-.7

2.4
-.5

1.6
-1 .0

2.3
.1

2.6
.7

1.7
-1 .0

’ The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor,Statistics.

Table 120. Soaps and detergents (SIC 2841): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-85
r
'
1

/i 0 7 7 — in n \

Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 ................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 ........................................
1981
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 ......................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

48.1
53.4
53.5
56.3
58.6
63.4
66.0
65.8
69.8
74.4
78.9
81.8
85.8
83.1
93.7
100.2
102.1
92.3
97.5
100.0
108.3
109.4
116.9
117.5
109.2
104.3
106.8
109.5

78.1
79.8
82.6
86.0
88.1
88.1
91.7
94.2
93.4
93.8
98.3
102.0
102.3
96.5
98.4
99.4
97.5
94.9
97.4
100.0
102.6
104.4
106.7
109.5
108.2
106.8
104.9
106.0

82.8
84.4
88.5
92.9
96.8
97.7
100.7
102.0
100.1
100.3
103.8
105.9
104.7
97.6
100.9
100.8
99.1
97.2
98.3
100.0
105.1
107.2
108.6
113.1
112.0
110.2
109.3
108.2

69.5
71.5
71.8
73.6
71.9
70.6
75.3
79.9
81.2
81.9
88.4
94.8
98.0
94.8
93.6
96.9
94.7
90.8
95.7
100.0
98.0
99.3
103.4
102.7
101.3
100.7
96.6
102.0

80.0
81.5
84.0
87.0
89.5
90.0
93.8
96.0
94.6
95.5
100.3
103.5
104.3
99.5
99.5
100.0
98.3
95.5
97.5
100.0
102.0
104.2
107.7
110.7
108.5
106.0
102.7
104.5

86.5
87.6
91.2
94.8
99.6
101.2
104.4
105.2
102.0
103.2
106.8
107.9
107.2
101.7
102.4
102.0
101.2
98.9
98.9
100.0
104.4
107.2
110.4
115.5
112.7
109.2
106.4
106.0

69.1
71.2
71.8
73.8
72.5
71.2
75.9
80.6
81.9
82.6
89.3
96.0
99.3
96.0
94.6
96.7
93.3
89.9
95.3
100.0
98.0
99.3
103.4
102.7
101.3
100.7
96.6
102.0

3.2

1.0
-1 .0

.8
-1.1

1.6
-.6

.9
-1 .7

.6
-2 .3

1.5
-.6

havtc m
^Tai^
......................
NOTE. Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau
of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.

69

Table 121. Cosmetics and other toiletries (SIC 2844): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-85
(1977 = 100)
Output per em ployee 1

Output per h o u r1
Y ear
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 ...................................... ..
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85 ...................................
1981-85 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

40.0
43.9
45.1
46.9
49.6
57.0
63.8
65.7
65.2
62.5
67.5
64.8
65.9
73.3
82.5
87.2
91.6
94.0
94.4
100.0
99.7
94.0
83.6
76.1
84.0
86.2
85.2
86.7

39.0
41.9
44 1
47.0
49 7
58 1
65.3
666
65 1
63.1
67.4
64.7
68.9
80.4
89.1
97.4
95.2
95.6
94.3
100.0
99.0
94.7
81.3
70.8
78.1
80.0
77.0
78.6

41.7
47.7
46.7
46.6
49.6
55.4
61.4
64.5
65.4
61.6
67.7
65.1
61.6
64.2
73.9
74.9
86.4
91.6
94.6
100.0
101.0
92.8
87.7
86.4
95.3
98.6
102.6
103.8

40.2
44.3
45.1
47.3
50.2
57.9
63.1
66.0
66.9
62.8
67.6
65.2
66.8
73.4
82.8
87.7
92.4
94.8
95.3
100.0
99.0
93.5
84.4
76.3
84.3
87.6
85.9
86.6

39.3
42.3
44.2
47.8
50.8
59.8
64.4
67.4
68.1
64.0
67.9
65.8
71.1
81.4
90.3
97.9
95.8
96.4
95.5
100.0
97.8
94.0
82.5
71.2
78.8
81.9
78.0
78.6

41.9
48.0
46.7
46.5
49.2
55.0
60.9
64.0
64.9
61.2
67.0
64.2
60.8
63.3
73.1
75.1
87.7
92.5
95.0
100.0
101.0
92.8
87.7
86.4
95.3
98.6
102.6
103.8

2.9
2.8

2.6
2.0

3.3
4.5

2.9
2.8

2.6
1.9

3.3
4.5

1 The output measures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
SO U R C E: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
2 Preliminary,
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 122. Cosmetics and other toiletries (SIC 2844): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

22.7
26.5
26.9
29.1
32.0
38.2
42.6
47.6
52.1
51.8
59.8
62.0
66.8
68.0
77.8
84.7
88.1
87.5
95.5
100.0
104.9
101.1
91.1
90.6
99.0
103.4
107.6
108.9

56.8
60.3
59.7
62.1
64.5
67.0
66.8
72.4
79.9
82.9
88.6
95.7
101.4
92.8
94.3
97.1
96.2
93.1
101.2
100.0
105.2
107.6
109.0
119.0
117.9
119.9
126.3
125.6

58.2
63.3
61.0
61.9
64.4
65.7
65.2
71.5
80.0
82.1
88.7
95.9
97.0
84.6
87.3
87.0
92.5
91.5
101.3
100.0
106.0
106.8
112.1
127.9
126.7
129.2
139.7
138.5

54.5
55.5
57.6
62.4
64.5
68.9
69.4
73.8
79.7
84.1
88.3
95.3
108.5
106.0
105.3
113.1
102.0
95.5
101.0
100.0
103.9
108.9
103.9
104.9
103.9
104.9
104.9
104.9

56.4
59.8
59.6
61.5
63.8
66.0
67.5
72.1
77.9
82.5
88.5
95.1
100.0
92.6
94.0
96.6
95.3
92.3
100.2
100.0
106.0
108.1
107.9
118.7
117.4
118.1
125.3
125.7

70.6
76.5
81.0
88.1
94.2
93.9
83.5
86.2
86.5
92.0
90.8
100.0
100.0
107.3
107.6
110.4
127.2
125.7
126.3
137.9
138.5

54.2
55.2
57.6
62.6
65.0
69.5
70.0
74.4
80.3
84.7
89.2
96.6
109.9
107.4
106.4
112.8
100.5
94.6
100.5
100.0
103.9
108.9
103.9
104.9
103.9
104.9
104.9
104.9

5.9
4.6

2.9
1.8

3.2
2.6

2.5
.1

3.0
1.8

3.2
2.7

2.5
.1

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

Index:

1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




57.8
62.7
60.9
60.9
63.0
63.9
66.1

SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau
of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.

70

Table 123. Paints and allied products (SIC 2851): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Year
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

55.3
60.4
64.9
63.3
66.1
68.2
72.5
73.3
76.9
73.7
81.0
83.8
74.9
84.1
88.0
82.2
90.4
94.2
97.3
100.0
104.3
104.8
100.8
99.8
106.5
111.5
119.0
117.3
122.1

53.6
58.8
63.0
61.7
64.3
66.9
70.4
72.0
75.1
72.9
80.1
81.8
73.5
84.4
85.9
80.3
91.5
99.0
99.6
100.0
105.0
103.5
105.0
103.4
113.8
117.5
123.0
122.0
126.4

57.5
62.4
67.6
65.5
68.4
69.9
75.4
75.1
79.2
74.6
82.1
86.3
76.8
83.8
90.7
84.7
89.0
88.8
94.2
100.0
103.3
106.5
95.7
95.5
98.3
104.6
114.3
111.8
117.0

56.1
61.0
65.4
63.8
67.5
69.4
74.6
74.6
78.0
74.2
81.9
84.0
74.8
83.1
88.5
81.0
90.9
94.0
97.7
100.0
103.9
103.6
99.1
98.7
104.7
110.0
117.4
116.0
121.0

53.9
58.6
62.5
61.7
66.0
68.2
72.8
73.2
76.4
73.2
80.5
81.4
72.9
82.2
86.6
77.2
90.6
97.2
99.4
100.0
104.4
100.9
101.5
101.2
110.3
115.2
120.0
119.3
124.2

59.0
63.9
69.0
66.4
69.5
70.9
76.8
76.1
79.9
75.2
83.5
87.2
77.3
84.3
90.8
86.0
91.3
90.4
95.7
100.0
103.4
106.9
96.5
95.9
98.8
104.5
114.6
112.4
117.5

2.6
4.0

2.9
3.7

2.2
4.3

2.4
4.1

2.7
3.8

2.1
4.4

Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 124. Paints and allied products (SIC 2851): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 .......................................
1985 ........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

51.9
58.3
60.9
58.6
61.9
67.0
71.6
76.5
82.5
77.2
83.9
88.2
84.0
89.0
95.0
91.5
96.1
91.7
96.1
100.0
104.1
106.5
100.6
96.6
92.2
96.0
105.8
104.9
108.8

93.9
96.5
93.8
92.6
93.7
98.2
98.7
104.3
107.3
104.8
103.6
105.2
112.2
105.8
108.0
111.3
106.3
97.3
98.8
100.0
99.8
101.6
99.8
96.8
86.6
86.1
88.9
89.4
89.1

96.9
99.2
96.7
95.0
96.3
100.1
101.7
106.3
109.9
105.9
104.7
107.8
114.3
105.5
110.6
113.9
105.0
92.6
96.5
100.0
99.1
102.9
95.8
93.4
81.0
81.7
86.0
86.0
86.1

90.2
93.4
90.1
89.4
90.5
95.8
94.9
101.9
104.2
103.5
102.2
102.2
109.4
106.2
104.7
108.0
108.0
103.3
102.0
100.0
100.8
100.0
105.1
101.2
93.8
91.8
92.6
93.8
93.0

92.5
95.6
93.1
91.9
91.7
96.5
96.0
102.6
105.8
104.1
102.5
105.0
112.3
107.1
107.4
112.9
105.7
97.6
98.4
100.0
100.2
102.8
101.5
97.9
88.1
87.3
90.1
90.4
89.9

96.3
99.5
97.4
95.0
93.8
98.2
98.4
104.5
108.0
105.4
104.2
108.3
115.3
108.3
109.7
118.5
106.1
94.3
96.7
100.0
99.7
105.5
99.1
95.5
83.6
83.3
88.2
87.9
87.6

88.0
91.3
88.3
88.2
89.1
94.5
93.2
100.5
103.3
102.6
100.5
101.2
108.7
105.6
104.6
106.4
105.3
101.4
100.4
100.0
100.7
99.6
104.2
100.7
93.3
91.9
92.3
93.3
92.6

2.3
3.1

-.3
-.8

-.6
-.5

.1
-1 .2

-.1
-.9

-.4
-.6

.2
-1 .2

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

71

Table 125. Industrial organic chemicals, not elsewhere classified (SIC 2869): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per
employee, 1963-85
(1977 = 100)
Output per hour 1

Output per em ployee 1

Y ear
All employees
Index:
1963 .........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-85 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

46.7
50.1
55.3
58.0
56.3
58.1
61.9
65.5
72.6
81.5
90.4
102.8
85.3
93.4
100.0
102.8
113.4
98.9
103.9
87.2
105.3
114.0
112.4

45.2
48.6
52.7
55.6
54.7
57.0
60.3
65.1
72.5
82.2
89.4
102.3
88.3
94.7
100.0
104.4
114.5
103.4
108.3
94.8
112.4
122.2
120.9

50.0
53.2
61.2
63.1
59.8
60.2
65.2
66.3
73.0
80.4
92.7
104.0
80.1
91.1
100.0
99.5
111.4
91.1
96.1
75.6
93.8
101.1
99.0

46.6
50.5
55.5
57.7
56.1
58.8
62.9
65.4
72.0
80.4
90.8
103.6
84.2
92.8
100.0
102.9
113.7
98.1
104.2
85.6
104.0
113.1
111.6

44.5
48.6
52.2
54.7
53.8
57.3
61.2
64.6
71.2
80.4
88.9
101.9
85.7
92.9
100.0
104.9
114.9
102.3
109.4
92.8
111.0
121.3
120.5

50.7
54.1
62.2
63.7
60.4
61.4
65.9
66.8
73.4
80.5
94.2
106.7
81.5
92.5
100.0
99.5
111.9
91.8
96.5
75.8
93.8
101.6
99.3

4.1
4.3

4.6
4.9

3.0
3.6

4.0
4.2

4.6
4.7

3.0
3.6

1 The output m easures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 126,, Industrial organic chemicals, not elsewhere classified (SIC 2869): Indexes of output, employee hours, and
employees, 1963-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employees

Employee hours
Year

Output

All em ployees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees
Index:
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 6 3 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

35.5
39.2
45.3
49.2
47.5
51.6
56.9
60.7
64.2
73.3
83.1
94.6
78.6
90.3
100.0
104.3
116.7
102.4
103.9
85.3
98.8
104.2
95.9

76.0
78.3
81.9
84.9
84.3
88.8
91.9
92.7
88.4
89.9
91.9
92.0
92.1
96.7
100.0
101.5
102.9
103.5
100.0
97.8
93.8
91.4
85.3

78.5
80.7
85.9
88.5
86.8
90.5
94.3
93.3
88.6
89.2
93.0
92.5
89.0
95.4
100.0
99.9
101.9
99.0
95.9
90.0
87.9
85.3
79.3

71.0
73.7
74.0
78.0
79.4
85.7
87.3
91.5
88.0
91.2
89.6
91.0
98.1
99.1
100.0
104.8
104.8
112.4
108.1
112.9
105.3
103.1
96.9

76.1
77.6
81.6
85.2
84.7
87.8
90.5
92.8
89.2
91.2
91.5
91.3
93.4
97.3
100.0
101.4
102.6
104.4
99.7
99.6
95.0
92.1
85.9

79.8
80.6
86.7
90.0
88.3
90.0
92.9
93.9
90.2
91.2
93.5
92.8
91.7
97.2
100.0
99.4
101.6
100.1
95.0
91.9
89.0
85.9
79.6

70.0
72.4
72.8
77.2
78.6
84.1
86.3
90.9
87.5
91.1
88.2
88.7
96.4
97.6
100.0
104.8
104.3
111.5
107.7
112.5
105.3
102.6
96.6

5.0
.4

.9
-3 .8

.3
-4 .2

1.9
-3 .0

.9
-3 .7

.3
-4.1

1.9
-3 .0

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

72

Table 127. Petroleum refining (SIC 2911): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-86
(1977=100)
Output per h o u r 1

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

37.7
42.4
44.1
47.5
51.8
55.7
58.7
63.6
68.7
70.4
72.1
74.2
73.8
77.2
84.9
93.6
86.4
88.7
93.0
100.0
101.3
94.9
94.2
83.7
79.4
81.8
92.5
102.6
114.9

36.5
41.1
43.1
46.7
51.1
54.6
57.7
62.5
67.4
69.5
71.7
75.8
74.1
78.1
84.8
94.7
85.6
89.7
92.6
100.0
100.6
96.8
100.3
85.7
82.8
86.1
96.6
106.3
113.8

41.4
46.5
47.2
50.3
53.9
58.7
61.9
67.2
72.5
72.9
73.4
70.4
73.4
75.0
85.3
91.1
88.8
86.7
94.2
100.0
103.2
90.4
81.8
78.7
71.8
72.5
83.7
94.1
118.0

36.8
41.6
43.6
46.9
51.1
54.5
58.3
62.7
67.9
70.0
72.3
76.6
74.6
77.2
84.9
92.6
86.3
87.7
94.0
100.0
103.3
96.0
94.8
84.9
80.3
83.5
95.6
105.5
120.7

34.7
39.4
41.8
45.1
49.5
52.3
56.2
60.4
65.6
68.3
71.1
76.4
73.6
76.6
83.1
91.3
83.8
86.9
93.1
100.0
103.3
98.7
96.7
87.9
84.5
89.5
101.8
111.4
121.8

42.5
47.6
48.4
51.3
55.3
60.2
63.7
68.8
73.8
74.3
75.6
77.1
76.8
78.6
89.4
95.4
92.4
89.2
95.9
100.0
103.1
90.6
90.7
78.9
72.1
72.6
84.0
94.4
118.3

4.1
7.3

4.4
6.7

3.2
8.9

4.2
8.1

4.6
7.7

3.1
8.9

Index:

1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986

.........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
.........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
2 .....................................

Average annual percent
change:

1947-86 ..................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

differ from those previously published.
SO URCE: Output based on data from the Energy Information Administration, U.S.
Departm ent of Energy; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on
data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

Table 128. Petroleum refining (SIC 2911): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .......................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

52.4
55.7
57.4
58.8
61.3
62.9
64.7
66.5
69.9
72.9
75.6
76.9
78.3
80.4
83.5
88.4
86.6
85.9
93.2
100.0
102.5
101.5
95.0
90.1
85 1
34.3
88.2
88.2
9o.~

139.1
131.4
130.1
123.7
118.4
113.0
110.2
104.5
101.8
103.6
104.9
103.7
106.1
104.2
98.4
94.4
100.2
96.8
100.2
100.0
101.2
107.0
100.8
107.7
107.2
103.0
95.3
86.0
81.2

143.7
135.6
133.1
126.0
119.9
115.2
112.2
106.4
103.7
104.9
105.5
101.4
105.7
102.9
98.5
93.3
101.2
95.8
100.6
100.0
101.9
104.9
94.7
105.1
102.8
97.9
91.3
83.0
82.0

126.6
119.9
121.6
117.0
113.7
107.1
104.6
99.0
96.4
100.0
103.0
109.3
106.7
107.2
97.9
97.0
97.5
99.1
98.9
100.0
99.3
112.3
116.2
114.5
118.5
116.2
105.4
93.7
79.1

142.5
133.8
131.6
125.5
120.0
115.4
111.0
106.0
102.9
104.1
104.5
100.4
105.0
104.1
98.3
95.5
100.3
98.0
99.2
100.0
99.2
105.7
100.2
106.1
106.0
101.0
92.3
83.6
77.3

150.9
141.3
137.2
130.3
123.9
120.3
115.2
110.1
106.6
106.7
106.4
100.7
106.4
104.9
100.5
96.8
103.3
98.8
100.1
100.0
99.2
102.8
98.2
102.5
100.7
94.2
86.6
79.2
76.6

123.4
116.9
118.5
114.6
110.9
104.4
101.6
96.6
94.7
98.1
100.0
99.7
102.0
102.3
93.4
92.7
93.7
96.3
97.2
100.0
99.4
112.0
104.7
114.2
118.0
116.1
105.0
93.4
78.9

2.7
.9

-1 .4
-6 .0

-1 .7
-5 .4

-.5
-7 .3

-1 .5
-6 .6

-1 .8
-6 .3

-.5
-7 .3

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SOURCE: Output based on data from the Energy Information Administration, U.S.
Department of Energy; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based
on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

73

Table 129. Tires and inner tubes (SIC 3011): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-86
(1977=100)
Output per em ployee 1

Output per hour 1
Y ear
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

52.6
58.3
59.7
61.6
67.9
72.9
79.6
81.3
83.0
82.7
88.5
85.4
87.6
94.3
97.8
95.1
93.3
91.8
99.8
100.0
107.7
107.3
102.4
118.1
128.2
136.1
146.8
146.7
148.1

52.6
57.0
59.2
62.1
66.7
72.4
78.8
80.8
82.1
83.6
88.4
85.1
90.1
95.7
97.6
96.3
95.0
95.5
105.8
100.0
106.0
107.1
106.7
117.7
130.2
135.4
142.7
145.0
139.9

52.3
63.0
61.2
59.8
72.3
74.3
81.7
82.6
85.7
79.7
88.7
86.6
79.6
89.2
98.3
90.7
87.0
79.9
82.3
100.0
114.0
108.2
89.0
118.8
121.3
138.7
164.7
153.5
189.7

50.8
57.3
58.4
60.3
68.7
72.3
81.1
83.5
85.3
79.6
91.4
89.0
86.3
93.0
99.0
93.9
93.3
88.8
89.6
100.0
107.2
103.6
96.2
113.5
120.9
135.4
147.1
140.0
143.5

50.3
55.8
57.7
60.7
67.9
72.1
81.3
84.1
85.7
80.1
91.6
89.2
87.7
94.0
99.3
94.4
94.3
91.4
91.5
100.0
105.5
102.3
98.3
111.9
120.7
134.5
142.5
136.5
133.8

52.6
63.3
61.1
59.0
71.3
73.3
80.8
81.4
84.0
78.0
90.3
88.6
81.8
90.6
98.4
92.3
89.6
81.5
83.6
100.0
114.0
108.6
89.6
119.5
122.1
139.0
165.6
154.3
190.6

3.5
4.7

3.6
3.6

3.1
9.6

3.4
5.0

3.5
3.8

3.0
9.6

Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output based on data from the Rubber M anufacturers Association, and the
Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may

Table 130. Tires and inner tubes (SIC 3011): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ...................................
1981-86 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

39.8
47.5
47.1
45.6
52.0
54.1
61.1
64.9
69.6
64.7
78.7
80.3
76.1
85.6
93.4
94.4
95.9
82.7
81.6
100.0
96.7
93.8
73.6
79.0
74.6
79.5
90.9
86.4
83.1

75.7
81.5
78.9
74.0
76.6
74.2
76.8
79.8
83.9
78.2
88.9
94.0
86.9
90.8
95.5
99.3
102.8
90.1
81.8
100.0
89.8
87.4
71.9
66.9
58.2
58.4
61.9
58.9
56.1

75.6
83.4
79.5
73.4
78.0
74.7
77.5
80.3
84.8
77.4
89.0
94.4
84.5
89.4
95.7
98.0
100.9
86.6
77.1
100.0
91.2
87.6
69.0
67.1
57.3
58.7
63.7
59.6
59.4

76.1
75.4
77.0
76.3
71.9
72.8
74.8
78.6
81.2
81.2
88.7
92.7
95.6
96.0
95.0
104.1
110.2
103.5
99.2
100.0
84.8
86.7
82.7
66.5
61.5
57.3
55.2
56.3
43.8

78.4
82.9
80.7
75.6
75.7
74.8
75.3
77.7
81.6
81.3
86.1
90.2
88.2
92.0
94.3
100.5
102.8
93.1
91.1
100.0
90.2
90.5
76.5
69.6
61.7
58.7
61.8
61.7
57.9

79.2
85.2
81.6
75.1
76.6
75.0
75.2
77.2
81.2
80.8
85.9
90.0
86.8
91.1
94.1
100.0
101.7
90.5
89.2
100.0
91.7
91.7
74.9
70.6
61.8
59.1
63.8
63.3
62.1

75.6
75.0
77.1
77.3
72.9
73.8
75.6
79.7
82.9
82.9
87.2
90.6
93.0
94.5
94.9
102.3
107.0
101.5
97.6
100.0
84.8
86.4
82.1
66.1
61.1
57.2
54.9
56.0
43.6

2.9
2.4

-.6
-2 .2

-.7
-1 .2

-.1
-6 .6

-.5
-2 .5

-.6
-1 .4

-.1
-6 .6

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SOURCE: Output based on data from the Rubber Manufacturers Association and
the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau
of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

74

Table 131. Miscellaneous plastics products (SIC 3079): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1972-85
(1977=100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Year
All employees
Index:
1972 ........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 7 2 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

86.6
93.6
86.2
86.2
89.5
100.0
100.8
94.8
95.7
98.5
110.1
107.3
110.5
113.0

85.4
92.4
86.4
89.1
90.3
100.0
100.5
94.7
97.3
99.5
113.0
107.8
109.8
113.3

91.7
98.5
85.3
76.6
86.5
100.0
102.0
95.0
90.1
94.5
100.3
105.4
113.3
112.1

86.8
93.3
85.0
85.1
89.1
100.0
101.0
94.4
94.8
97.9
108.0
108.7
112.4
114.0

85.8
92.2
84.9
87.6
89.8
100.0
100.7
94.2
96.1
98.7
110.2
109.6
112.3
114.4

90.5
98.3
85.8
77.0
86.6
100.0
102.0
95.0
90.1
94.5
100.3
105.4
113.3
112.1

2.1
2.8

2.1
2.3

1.8
4.7

2.2
3.5

2.2
3.2

1.8
4.7

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 132. Miscellaneous plastics products (SIC 3079): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1972-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
index:
1972 .........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 ' .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 7 2 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

70.3
84.9
77.3
67.6
80.4
100.0
110.7
109.0
103.4
110.5
116.4
123.5
142.9
148.3

81.2
90.7
89.7
78.4
89.8
100.0
109.8
115.0
108.0
112.2
105.7
115.1
129.3
131.2

82.3
91.9
89.5
75.9
89.0
100.0
110.1
115.1
106.3
111.0
103.0
114.6
130.2
130.9

76.7
86.2
90.6
88.2
92.9
100.0
108.5
114.7
114.7
116.9
116.1
117.2
126.1
132.3

81.0
91.0
90.9
79.4
90.2
100.0
109.6
115.5
109.1
112.9
107.8
113.6
127.1
130.1

81.9
92.1
91.1
77.2
89.5
100.0
109.9
115.7
107.6
111.9
105.6
112.7
127.3
129.6

77.7
86.4
90.1
87.8
92.8
100.0
108.5
114.7
114.7
116.9
116.1
117.2
126.1
132.3

5.7
8.3

3.5
5.3

3.5
5.8

3.8
3.4

3.4
4.6

3.4
4.9

3.8
3.4

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SO URCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau
of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.

75

Table 133. Footwear (SIC 314): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per h o u r1

Output per em ployee 1

Y ear
All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 ......... ...............................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

90.3
94.9
93.8
94.2
95.3
98.7
98.4
97.9
99.0
96.5
100.1
93.4
100.3
102.2
99.5
98.5
96.8
101.3
102.1
100.0
102.5
100.2
99.1
95.6
106.4
103.9
105.7
107.3
107.4

89.1
93.0
92.5
92.8
93.3
96.5
95.9
95.5
96.8
94.4
97.8
92.0
99.3
101.9
99.0
98.3
97.6
101.6
102.0
100.0
101.9
101.0
100.2
96.1
107.3
104.7
107.4
108.8
109.7

100.0
110.5
104.2
105.5
112.1
118.7
121.3
119.5
118.9
116.9
122.0
105.7
107.9
105.0
103.7
99.7
90.8
98.3
102.4
100.0
106.8
94.8
92.0
92.1
99.9
98.2
94.1
98.1
92.8

90.6
97.2
94.6
94.6
96.8
100.6
102.2
101.1
102.8
99.7
104.1
95.2
102.6
104.6
104.1
101.5
98.0
101.8
102.7
100.0
101.3
99.4
98.6
96.4
103.8
103.5
103.7
106.9
105.4

89.3
95.5
93.3
93.2
95.0
98.6
100.1
99.0
101.1
97.8
102.2
93.9
101.5
104.1
103.6
101.2
98.5
101.9
102.5
100.0
100.6
99.9
99.3
96.9
104.2
104.1
104.9
108.2
107.2

102.3
113.0
106.0
106.1
112.7
119.3
122.3
120.2
119.0
117.0
122.2
106.9
110.6
108.1
106.9
103.1
94.1
100.7
104.3
100.0
106.7
95.1
92.5
92.4
100.2
98.2
94.4
98.6
93.2

.8
1.8

1.0
2.1

(3)
-.2

.8
1.5

.9
1.8

-.1
-.1

1 The output rreasures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
SO U R C E: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
2 Preliminary.
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
3 Less than .05 percent.

Table 134. Footwear (SIC 314): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(19 7 7 = 100)
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 4 7 -8 6 ...................................
1981-86 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

141.2
155.2
148.0
148.6
151.4
147.1
150.0
151.3
155.2
144.5
153.8
137.3
135.1
127.5
126.0
118.4
109.1
101.9
105.6
100.0
100.1
94.5
91.4
88.4
86.6
80.6
72.2
63.3
56.4

156.4
163.5
157.8
157.8
158.8
149.0
152.4
154.6
156.7
149.7
153.7
147.0
134.7
124.7
126.6
120.2
112.7
100.6
103.4
100.0
97.7
94.3
92.2
92.5
81.4
77.6
68.3
59.0
52.5

158.5
166.8
160.0
160.2
162.2
152.4
156.4
158.5
160.3
153.1
157.3
149.3
136.0
125.1
127.3
120.4
111.8
100.3
103.5
100.0
98.2
93.6
91.2
92.0
80.7
77.0
67.2
58.2
51.4

141.2
140.5
142.0
140.9
135.0
123.9
123.7
126.6
130.5
123.6
126.1
129.9
125.2
121.4
121.5
118.8
120.1
103.7
103.1
100.0
93.7
99.7
99.3
96.0
86.7
82.1
76.7
64.5
60.8

155.9
159.6
156.4
157.0
156.4
146.2
146.7
149.7
151.0
144.9
147.7
144.2
131.7
121.9
121.0
116.7
111.3
100.1
102.8
100.0
98.8
95.1
92.7
91.7
83.4
77.9
69.6
59.2
53.5

158.2
162.5
158.6
159.4
159.4
149.2
149.8
152.9
153.5
147.7
150.5
146.2
133.1
122.5
121.6
117.0
110.8
100.0
103.0
100.0
99.5
94.6
92.0
91.2
83.1
77.4
68.8
58.5
52.6

138.0
137.3
139.6
140.0
134.3
123.3
122.6
125.9
130.4
123.5
125.9
128.4
122.2
117.9
117.9
114.8
116.0
101.2
101.2
100.0
93.8
99.4
98.8
95.7
86.4
82.1
76.5
64.2
60.5

-1 .5
-9 .0

-2 .5
-1 0 .6

-2 .6
-1 0 .9

-1 .6
-8 .8

-2 .4
-1 0 .4

-2 .5
-1 0 .6

-1 .6
-8 .9

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment
and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.

76

Table 135. Glass containers (SIC 3221): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-86
(1977=100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Y ear
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

64.8
68.8
67.1
68.4
70.9
73.5
75.5
80.3
80.2
82.3
86.4
89.1
87.2
88.8
88.6
92.6
99.3
98.5
98.2
100.0
99.4
102.4
105.2
110.1
105.8
108.5
128.0
127.0
135.8

64.2
67.9
66.3
67.3
70.0
72.3
74.4
79.2
79.0
81.1
86.4
88.7
86.4
88.7
88.3
92.5
98.8
98.5
97.7
100.0
99.0
102.2
105.9
111.0
106.3
109.2
130.0
128.0
135.0

68.6
75.6
73.5
76.7
77.6
82.5
84.0
88.8
90.0
93.0
87.4
92.5
92.6
89.0
90.8
93.2
102.8
98.1
102.6
100.0
102.9
103.5
100.2
103.6
101.7
103.4
115.5
121.0
142.0

67.3
70.3
69.6
70.4
73.6
76.2
78.9
82.7
83.2
85.6
87.6
91.0
90.0
91.1
91.5
93.7
100.1
96.7
100.6
100.0
101.4
103.5
106.5
110.3
107.2
110.3
126.0
131.5
142.0

67.1
69.8
69.2
69.7
73.1
75.4
78.4
82.1
82.4
84.8
87.7
90.5
89.0
90.9
91.3
93.7
100.1
96.7
100.3
100.0
101.2
103.3
107.3
111.4
108.0
111.3
127.5
133.0
142.0

68.8
75.7
73.5
76.4
77.4
82.2
84.2
88.5
89.4
91.6
87.5
95.3
97.9
92.9
93.1
93.3
100.4
96.8
102.5
100.0
103.0
103.9
100.6
103.8
101.7
103.1
115.5
121.3
142.0

2.0
5.2

2.1
5.0

1.3
6.5

1.9
5.9

1.9
5.8

1.3
6.5

Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ..................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
employee Indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
SO U R C E: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
2 Preliminary.
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 136. Glass containers (SIC 3221): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 ................ ........................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

52.2
55.9
57.6
59.8
62.4
64.5
67.4
71.9
75.7
80.6
79.1
91.9
94.4
92.9
94.2
96.7
95.6
95.6
101.3
100.0
104.2
98.9
97.0
95.1
89.5
85.7
86.3
81.9
87.2

80.6
81.3
85.8
87.4
88.0
87.8
89.3
89.5
94.4
97.9
91.5
103.1
108.3
104.6
106.3
104.4
96.3
97.1
103.2
100.0
104.8
96.6
92.2
86.4
84.6
79.0
67.4
64.5
64.2

81.3
82.3
86.9
88.8
89.1
89.2
90.6
90.8
95.8
99.4
91.6
103.6
109.2
104.7
106.7
104.5
96.8
97.1
103.7
100.0
105.2
96.8
91.6
85.7
84.2
78.5
66.4
64.0
64.6

76.1
73.9
78.4
78.0
80.4
78.2
80.2
81.0
84.1
86.7
90.5
99.4
101.9
104.4
103.8
103.8
93.0
97.5
98.7
100.0
101.3
95.6
96.8
91.8
88.0
82.9
74.7
67.7
61.4

77.6
79.5
82.7
85.0
84.8
84.7
85.4
86.9
91.0
94.2
90.3
101.0
104.9
102.0
103.0
103.2
95.5
98.9
100.7
100.0
102.8
95.6
91.1
86.2
83.5
77.7
68.5
62.3
61.4

77.8
80.1
83.2
85.8
85.4
85.6
86.0
87.6
91.9
95.0
90.2
101.6
106.1
102.2
103.2
103.2
95.5
98.9
101.0
100.0
103.0
95.7
90.4
85.4
82.9
77.0
67.7
61.6
61.4

75.9
73.8
78.4
78.3
80.6
78.5
80.0
81.2
84.7
88.0
90.4
96.4
96.4
100.0
101.2
103.6
95.2
98.8
98.8
100.0
101.2
95.2
96.4
91.6
88.0
83.1
74.7
67.5
61.4

2.6
-2 .0

.5
-6 .8

.5
-6 .6

1.2
-8 .0

.7
-7 .4

.6
-7 .3

1.2
-8 .0

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment
and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.

77

Table 137. Hydraulic cement (SIC 3241): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per hour 1

Output per em ployee '

Year
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

52.1
55.9
55.3
61.2
64.9
68.7
71.0
73.2
76.7
76.9
85.3
86.3
84.8
93.4
95.0
99.7
91.5
84.7
92.4
100.0
101.3
96.0
87.0
91.1
94.0
108.4
125.3
128.3
132.6

49.4
52.5
52.5
58.4
62.2
66.7
70.1
72.3
76.1
76.4
84.2
85.5
85.0
93.3
93.9
98.7
90.5
85.3
93.3
100.0
101.0
94.9
87.4
92.1
97.8
112.6
131.1
136.1
140.9

68.3
77.6
72.5
76.7
79.9
79.3
75.7
77.3
80.1
79.1
90.3
90.6
84.1
95.0
100.4
104.9
96.5
82.7
89.4
100.0
102.8
100.7
84.9
87.0
81.1
93.7
105.6
103.6
106.6

52.6
57.2
55.9
61.2
65.0
69.3
72.6
73.7
78.2
77.0
86.9
89.0
86.9
96.1
97.4
102.0
92.3
83.9
91.8
100.0
103.4
98.1
87.1
90.1
90.8
107.5
121.3
129.4
134.4

49.6
53.6
52.9
58.2
62.1
67.2
71.8
72.8
77.7
76.5
85.8
87.8
86.3
95.2
96.1
101.1
91.7
84.3
92.3
100.0
103.4
97.2
87.4
90.6
93.5
111.3
125.8
137.8
143.5

68.5
77.8
72.7
76.5
80.0
79.3
76.0
77.3
79.6
79.0
91.4
94.1
89.6
99.5
103.2
105.2
94.5
82.2
89.7
100.0
103.0
101.8
86.1
87.9
81.9
94.4
106.1
104.3
107.2

3.3
8.8

3.7
9.8

1.5
5.5

3.1
9.5

3.5
10.8

1.5
5.4

Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Departm ent of the
Interior. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the
Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may

Table 138. Hydraulic cement (SIC 3241): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employees

Employee hours
Y ear

Output

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 4 7 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

77.7
84.6
79.2
80.0
83.1
86.9
90.5
91.5
94.3
90.3
96.3
97.4
94.4
99.5
105.1
108.9
102.9
86.6
92.8
100.0
106.7
107.3
95.3
91.1
80.4
89.3
98.6
98.7
99.6

149.0
151.4
143.2
130.8
128.1
126.4
127.4
125.0
122.9
117.5
112.9
112.8
111.3
106.5
110.6
109.2
112.5
102.2
100.4
100.0
105.3
111.8
109.6
100.0
85.5
82.4
78.7
76.9
75.1

157.2
161.1
150.9
137.0
133.7
130.3
129.1
126.5
123.9
118.2
114.4
113.9
111.0
106.7
111.9
110.3
113.7
101.5
99.5
100.0
105.6
113.1
109.0
98.9
82.2
79.3
75.2
72.5
70.7

113.7
109.0
109.2
104.3
104.0
109.6
119.5
118.4
117.8
114.2
106.6
107.5
112.2
104.7
104.7
103.8
106.6
104.7
103.8
100.0
103.8
106.6
112.3
104.7
99.1
95.3
93.4
95.3
93.4

147.8
147.9
141.6
130.8
127.8
125.4
124.6
124.2
120.6
117.2
110.8
109.4
108.6
103.5
107.9
106.8
111.5
103.2
101.1
100.0
103.2
109.4
109.4
101.1
88.5
83.1
81.3
76.3
74.1

156.7
157.9
149.8
137.5
133.8
129.3
126.0
125.7
121.3
118.1
112.2
110.9
109.4
104.5
109.4
107.7
112.2
102.7
100.5
100.0
103.2
110.4
109.0
100.5
86.0
80.2
78.4
71.6
69.4

113.4
108.8
109.0
104.6
103.9
109.6
119.1
118.4
118.4
114.3
105.4
103.5
105.4
100.0
101.8
103.5
108.9
105.4
103.5
100.0
103.6
105.4
110.7
103.6
98.2
94.6
92.9
94.6
92.9

1.4
3.4

-1 .9
-5 .0

-2 .2
-5 .8

-.1
-2 .0

-1 .7
-5 .6

-2.1
-6 .7

-.1
-1 .9

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO URCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Departm ent of
the Interior. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

78

Table 139. Structural clay products (SIC 325): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Y ear
All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ..................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

52.4
56.4
57.9
59.9
64.6
62.1
66.3
67.5
68.8
69.3
73.7
74.2
78.2
85.1
88.2
91.1
93.1
91.0
94.9
100.0
102.5
95.9
97.6
100.7
102.6
105.0
111.2
111.8
115.9

50.2
53.5
55.2
57.0
61.3
59.5
64.2
64.9
66.1
67.7
72.4
73.2
79.7
87.0
87.3
88.5
91.2
92.0
96.1
100.0
100.8
96.3
101.0
102.9
106.7
109.1
110.7
112.3
115.8

65.1
73.6
73.9
77.7
84.3
76.8
78.0
82.6
84.1
77.3
80.3
79.3
71.8
77.6
92.4
104.9
102.1
86.7
89.3
100.0
111.2
94.1
84.6
92.3
87.6
89.8
113.5
109.4
117.1

51.8
56.4
57.0
59.0
64.3
62.8
69.0
68.7
70.3
69.8
74.9
75.9
79.9
87.1
89.7
91.9
94.0
90.0
93.0
100.0
103.9
94.3
96.7
99.4
101.1
107.7
112.4
114.4
119.2

49.4
53.4
54.2
55.9
60.9
60.3
67.1
66.3
67.8
68.4
73.7
74.7
80.9
88.6
88.8
89.3
92.8
91.1
93.9
100.0
102.4
94.2
99.8
101.2
104.9
113.0
112.0
115.4
119.7

64.8
73.3
73.5
76.8
83.6
76.2
77.6
81.7
83.1
76.4
80.6
81.6
75.6
80.6
94.2
104.9
99.6
85.1
89.0
100.0
111.0
94.5
85.0
92.6
87.6
89.7
113.8
109.9
117.4

2.7
3.0

3.0
2.2

1.4
6.2

2.8
3.8

3.0
3.2

1.4
6.2

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
2 Preliminary.
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 140. Structural clay products (SIC 325): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 ......................................
1965 .........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 ' .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ...................................
1981-86 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

80.8
94.9
95.2
94.9
100.4
90.5
99.6
101.9
101.7
93.5
99.6
100.8
93.5
96.8
103.1
104.9
109.0
93.1
96.4
100.0
107.1
102.2
93.0
86.0
67.0
78.1
89.7
89.2
92.5

154.1
168.4
164.5
158.4
155.5
145.7
150.2
150.9
147.8
135.0
135.1
135.8
119.6
113.8
116.9
115.1
117.1
102.3
101.6
100.0
104.5
106.6
95.3
85.4
65.3
74.4
80.7
79.8
79.8

160.9
177.3
172.4
166.6
163.7
152.1
155.2
156.9
153.9
138.1
137.6
137.7
117.3
111.3
118.1
118.5
119.5
101.2
100.3
100.0
106.3
106.1
92.1
83.6
62.8
71.6
81.0
79.4
79.9

124.1
128.9
128.9
122.1
119.1
117.8
127.7
123.3
120.9
120.9
124.1
127.1
130.2
124.7
111.6
100.0
106.8
107.4
108.0
100.0
96.3
108.6
109.9
93.2
76.5
87.0
79.0
81.5
79.0

156.1
168.4
166.9
160.9
156.2
144.0
144.4
148.3
144.7
133.9
132.9
132.8
117.0
111.2
114.9
114.2
115.9
103.5
103.7
100.0
103.1
108.4
96.2
86.5
66.3
72.5
79.8
78.0
77.6

163.4
177.6
175.7
169.7
164.8
150.0
148.4
153.8
150.0
136.6
135.2
135.0
115.6
109.3
116.1
117.5
117.5
102.2
102.7
100.0
104.6
108.5
93.2
85.0
63.9
69.1
80.1
77.3
77.3

124.7
129.5
129.5
123.6
120.1
118.8
128.3
124.7
122.4
122.4
123.6
123.6
123.6
120.1
109.4
100.0
109.4
109.4
108.3
100.0
96.5
108.2
109.4
92.9
76.5
87.1
78.8
81.2
78.8

-.3
4.0

-3 .0
1.0

-3 .2
1.7

-1 .7
-2.1

-3 .0
.1

-3 .2
.7

-1 .7
-2.1

Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

79

Table 141. Clay construction products (SIC 3251, 3253, 3259): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per em ployee '

Output per h o u r1
Y ear
All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 ...............-.........................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ...................................
1981-86 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

52.0
55.5
57.5
59.0
63.7
60.9
65.1
66.6
67.3
68.2
73.1
72.3
77.4
86.4
89.0
90.6
88.7
89.1
94.2
100.0
102.2
91.6
94.0
97.3
103.3
101.0
110.4
111.7
116.2

50.1
53.5
55.7
56.9
61.3
58.8
63.6
64.6
65.2
66.9
71.6
71.2
78.3
87.2
87.5
88.3
87.4
89.9
95.1
100.0
100.4
92.3
96.9
99.8
106.6
104.7
109.6
111.5
115.1

64.4
68.1
68.8
72.8
79.3
73.5
74.0
78.5
80.7
75.4
81.0
78.5
73.0
82.5
96.7
104.0
96.6
86.0
90.3
100.0
111.9
87.7
82.2
86.7
90.3
85.9
114.3
112.5
121.6

52.0
56.6
57.8
59.3
64.8
62.2
68.3
68.1
69.5
69.7
75.0
74.9
79.6
89.3
91.2
91.5
90.2
89.5
93.0
100.0
103.2
91.8
94.3
96.3
103.2
104.7
112.3
115.2
120.6

49.9
54.7
56.0
57.1
62.3
60.3
67.3
66.4
67.7
68.6
73.8
73.7
80.1
90.2
89.6
89.2
89.4
90.5
93.8
100.0
101.6
92.7
97.2
98.5
106.4
109.9
111.7
115.7
120.3

64.5
68.1
68.5
72.2
79.1
73.0
73.8
78.2
80.0
74.7
81.5
80.9
77.2
86.2
99.5
104.2
94.2
84.8
89.9
100.0
111.6
88.3
82.6
87.3
90.8
85.6
114.2
112.6
121.6

2.7
3.5

2.9
2.6

1.6
7.8

2.7
4.5

2.9
3.7

1.6
7.7

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
S O U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
2 Preliminary.
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 142. Clay construction products (SIC 3251, 3253, 3259): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 ' .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ...................................
1981-86 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

89.3
104.5
105.1
104.8
112.1
98.6
108.4
109.5
106.8
98.5
105.9
103.9
95.4
102.1
109.5
109.4
106.8
90.5
97.5
100.0
106.0
100.0
92.3
82.9
68.1
79.9
93.3
95.7
101.3

171.7
188.2
182.7
177.5
175.9
162.0
166.5
164.3
158.7
144.5
144.9
143.8
123.3
118.2
123.1
120.8
120.4
101.6
103.5
100.0
103.7
109.2
98.2
85.2
65.9
79.1
84.5
85.7
87.2

178.4
195.3
188.8
184.2
182.8
167.6
170.4
169.4
163.9
147.3
147.9
145.9
121.8
117.1
125.2
123.9
122.2
100.7
102.5
100.0
105.6
108.3
95.3
83.1
63.9
76.3
85.1
85.8
88.0

138.6
153.5
152.7
143.9
141.3
134.2
146.5
139.5
132.4
130.7
130.7
132.4
130.7
123.7
113.2
105.2
110.6
105.2
108.0
100.0
94.7
114.0
112.3
95.6
75.4
93.0
81.6
85.1
83.3

171.6
184.6
181.8
176.7
173.1
158.6
158.6
160.7
153.6
141.4
141.2
138.8
119.8
114.3
120.1
119.5
118.4
101.1
104.8
100.0
102.7
108.9
97.9
86.1
66.0
76.3
83.1
83.1
84.0

178.8
191.2
187.7
183.4
179.8
163.6
161.1
165.0
157.8
143.5
143.5
140.9
119.1
113.2
122.2
122.7
119.4
100.0
103.9
100.0
104.3
107.9
95.0
84.2
64.0
72.7
83.5
82.7
84.2

138.5
153.5
153.5
145.1
141.8
135.0
146.8
140.1
133.5
131.8
130.0
128.5
123.5
118.4
110.0
105.0
113.4
106.7
108.4
100.0
95.0
113.3
111.7
95.0
75.0
93.3
81.7
85.0
83.3

-.6
6.4

-3 .3
2.8

-3 .5
3.7

-2 .2
-1 .3

-3 .2
1.9

-3 .5
2.6

-2 .2
-1 .2

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

80

Table 143. Brick and structural clay tile (SIC 3251): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per h o u r1

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 .......................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

Ail employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

55.4
59.3
62.9
64.6
69.2
63.3
68.7
70.5
71.4
70.3
75.0
72.5
81.1
89.6
91.5
90.1
92.5
93.1
102.2
100.0
96.2
85.4
84.9
84.3
88.6
85.5
93.3
99.5
103.6

52.9
56.2
60.5
61.3
65.8
60.6
66.2
67.7
68.3
68.5
73.1
71.0
81.1
90.2
89.5
88.1
90.6
93.2
103.6
100.0
94.6
87.6
90.4
88.3
92.9
91.8
93.7
100.1
102.5

73.8
82.8
79.1
88.8
94.2
82.5
85.9
89.8
92.8
81.8
87.3
80.9
81.5
87.7
103.4
103.1
104.6
93.2
96.8
100.0
105.3
75.8
64.6
68.5
72.1
63.3
91.3
96.6
109.7

56.6
60.9
62.9
64.7
70.5
65.3
72.0
72.6
74.4
71.8
76.5
75.4
82.4
92.5
94.5
91.9
94.2
93.5
99.6
100.0
96.9
85.0
84.3
82.6
88.2
88.1
94.3
101.4
106.1

54.1
57.9
60.6
61.4
67.3
62.8
69.9
70.1
71.7
70.4
74.8
74.2
81.7
93.1
92.6
90.3
92.9
94.0
100.8
100.0
95.3
87.3
89.8
86.3
92.4
96.2
95.0
102.7
105.6

73.3
82.5
78.3
87.3
92.7
81.8
85.6
88.2
91.0
80.3
86.7
82.5
86.3
90.5
105.0
101.8
101.7
91.6
95.5
100.0
105.1
75.6
64.5
68.5
72.4
62.6
90.7
96.0
108.7

1.8
4.3

2.2
2.9

(3)
10.8

1.8
5.1

2.1
3.8

.1
10.6

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
2 Preliminary.
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
3 Less than .05 percent.

Table 144. Brick and structural clay tile (SIC 3251): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
197b ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

85.9
101.4
105.1
107.3
113.9
91.2
102.7
105.9
106.7
96.4
101.6
99.0
93.7
103.4
111.1
107.7
107.6
89.0
98.3
100.0
102.1
95.0
83.0
68.5
53.8
66.2
77.7
85.1
90.1

155.1
170.9
167.2
166.1
164.7
144.0
149.5
150.2
149.5
137.2
135.4
136.6
115.5
115.4
121.4
119.5
116.3
95.6
96.2
100.0
106.1
111.3
97.8
81.3
60.7
77.4
83.3
85.5
87.0

162.5
180.3
173.8
174.9
173.2
150.6
155.2
156.5
156.2
140.8
139.0
139.4
115.5
114.6
124.1
122.3
118.7
95.5
94.9
100.0
107.9
108.5
91.8
77.6
57.9
72.1
82.9
85.0
87.9

116.4
122.4
132.9
120.9
120.9
110.5
119.5
117.9
115.0
117.9
116.4
122.4
115.0
117.9
107.4
104.5
102.9
95.5
101.5
100.0
97.0
125.4
128.4
100.0
74.6
104.5
85.1
88.1
82.1

151.8
166.4
167.0
165.9
161.6
139.6
142.6
145.9
143.5
134.2
132.8
131.3
113.7
111.8
117.6
117.2
114.2
95.2
98.7
100.0
105.4
111.7
98.5
82.9
61.0
75.1
82.4
83.9
84.9

158.8
175.2
173.4
174.7
169.3
145.2
147.0
151.1
148.8
137.0
135.8
133.4
114.7
111.1
120.0
119.3
115.8
94.7
97.5
100.0
107.1
108.8
92.4
79.4
58.2
68.8
81.8
82.9
85.3

117.2
122.9
134.3
122.9
122.9
111.5
120.0
120.0
117.2
120.0
117.2
120.0
108.6
114.3
105.8
105.8
105.8
97.2
102.9
100.0
97.1
125.7
128.6
100.0
74.3
105.7
85.7
88.6
82.9

-1.1
8.7

-2 .9
4.2

-3 .3
5.6

-1 .2
-2 .0

-2 .9
3.4

-3 .2
4.7

-1 .2
-1 .8

Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

81

Table 145. Ceramic wall and floor tile (SIC 3253): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-85
(1977 = 100)
Output per h o u r1

Output per em ployee 1

Y ear
All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 5 ...................................
1981-85 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

49.6
53.9
52.4
55.8
61.4
60.2
62.8
64.1
64.9
69.3
73.4
72.9
72.0
78.6
88.2
92.0
87.7
89.0
89.0
100.0
115.2
111.6
119.8
125.9
128.1
126.2
144.0
131.1

48.2
53.3
52.2
56.4
60.7
59.5
63.2
63.5
63.9
69.3
74.3
73.3
74.4
78.8
86.7
89.7
87.1
91.4
88.9
100.0
111.9
108.7
116.8
124.1
127.3
122.1
139.0
127.3

56.8
56.8
53.3
52.7
64.3
63.0
60.7
66.8
69.2
69.1
70.1
70.7
62.9
77.9
94.9
103.1
90.3
79.8
89.5
100.0
132.8
126.5
135.9
134.2
131.4
147.6
171.4
150.2

49.0
54.1
53.0
55.2
61.6
59.5
63.5
64.2
65.9
70.1
74.7
73.4
74.4
79.6
89.2
91.3
87.2
87.9
88.5
100.0
117.6
113.5
121.9
125.8
127.1
130.7
146.4
134.7

47.5
53.8
53.2
56.1
61.4
59.1
64.6
64.1
65.6
70.6
76.1
74.0
76.9
79.3
87.9
88.9
87.5
90.6
88.8
100.0
114.5
110.7
118.9
123.8
126.3
127.3
141.6
131.4

56.0
55.5
52.1
51.4
62.6
61.0
59.2
64.8
66.7
68.0
69.1
71.3
65.0
80.6
94.9
102.8
85.7
77.9
87.0
100.0
132.1
126.5
135.9
134.5
131.1
147.3
171.1
150.2

3.9
2.0

3.8
1.4

4.3
5.0

4.0
2.8

3.9
2.4

4.4
5.0

1 The output m easures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 146. Ceramic wail and floor tile (SIC 3253): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 ........................................
1 9 6 2 '.........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85 ...................................
1981-85 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All em ployees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

82.2
99.9
93.8
89.1
104.3
97.7
106.7
103.7
97.9
95.3
101.5
95.1
86.7
80.6
94.9
96.0
102.8
93.5
98.7
100.0
114.5
126.5
135.9
143.5
122.3
137.4
159.6
150.2

165.6
185.3
179.0
159.8
170.0
162.4
170.0
161.8
150.9
137.6
138.2
130.5
120.4
102.5
107.6
104.4
117.2
105.1
110.9
100.0
99.4
113.4
113.4
114.0
95.5
108.9
110.8
114.6

170.4
187.6
179.8
157.9
171.9
164.1
168.8
163.4
153.2
137.6
136.7
129.7
116.5
102.3
109.4
107.0
118.0
102.3
111.0
100.0
102.3
116.4
116.4
115.6
96.1
112.5
114.8
118.0

144.8
175.9
175.9
169.0
162.1
155.2
175.9
155.2
141.4
137.9
144.8
134.5
137.9
103.4
100.0
93.1
113.8
117.2
110.3
100.0
86.2
100.0
100.0
106.9
93.1
93.1
93.1
100.0

167.9
184.5
176.9
161.5
169.2
164.1
167.9
161.5
148.6
135.9
135.9
129.5
116.6
101.2
106.4
105.2
117.9
106.4
111.5
100.0
97.4
111.5
111.5
114.1
96.2
105.1
109.0
111.5

173.0
185.7
176.2
158.7
169.9
165.2
165.2
161.9
149.3
135.0
133.3
128.6
112.7
101.6
108.0
108.0
117.5
103.2
111.2
100.0
100.0
114.3
114.3
115.9
96.8
107.9
112.7
114.3

146.8
180.1
180.1
173.4
166.7
160.1
180.1
160.1
146.8
140.1
146.8
133.3
133.3
100.0
100.0
93.4
120.0
120.0
113.4
100.0
86.7
100.0
100.0
106.7
93.3
93.3
93.3
100.0

1.6
3.6

-2 .2
1.6

-2.1
2.2

-2 .5
-1 .3

-2 .2
.8

-2.1
1.3

-2 .6
-1 .3

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

82

Table 147. Clay refractories (SIC 3255): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per h o u r1

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ......... ...............................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

53.7
59.6
59.3
63.6
67.7
67.2
72.0
71.6
75.6
74.4
77.0
83.1
82.1
81.3
86.5
93.6
107.5
95.5
97.1
100.0
103.5
110.2
109.6
111.1
100.0
121.6
115.1
114.1
117.3

52.2
54.3
54.1
58.8
62.6
63.9
68.6
67.7
72.0
72.8
77.5
83.7
86.7
88.2
89.7
91.0
104.6
97.5
100.2
100.0
101.8
109.5
116.0
111.7
107.3
128.0
116.1
119.0
122.9

60.2
92.4
91.9
91.4
96.6
83.0
88.0
90.9
93.4
81.1
75.3
81.3
69.0
63.5
76.6
105.0
120.1
89.1
87.8
100.0
110.4
113.6
91.1
108.8
80.1
102.7
111.9
99.3
100.4

50.3
54.4
52.9
56.7
60.7
65.1
71.4
71.4
73.8
71.2
74.9
81.0
81.9
79.9
85.4
93.7
105.9
90.6
92.5
100.0
105.7
101.6
104.1
108.7
94.2
119.0
113.3
111.9
114.7

48.1
48.8
47.3
51.3
55.0
61.5
67.9
67.3
70.0
69.2
74.7
80.3
85.2
84.9
87.5
91.0
103.4
91.8
94.3
100.0
104.4
98.7
108.5
108.8
99.7
125.3
114.3
116.8
120.3

60.0
90.8
90.4
89.9
94.7
82.1
87.3
90.5
91.1
79.4
75.5
83.2
71.9
66.2
78.3
104 5
115.2
86.4
86.4
100.0
110.4
113.3
91.2
108.2
79.2
101.0
110.0
97.6
98.5

2.7
1.8

3.2
2.0

.9
.9

2.9
2.1

3.4
2.6

.9
.7

1 The output m easures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 148. Clay refractories (SIC 3255): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

55.2
65.4
65.1
64.7
64.4
65.7
73.3
79.6
87.5
79.4
81.5
93.2
89.1
82.1
84.6
92.0
115.2
100.2
93.3
100.0
110.4
108.8
94.9
95.2
63.4
72.7
79.2
70.3
67.0

102.7
109.8
109.8
101.8
95.1
97.8
101.8
111.2
115.7
106.7
105.9
112.1
108.5
101.0
97.8
98.3
107.2
104.9
96.1
100.0
106.7
98.7
86.6
85.7
63.4
59.8
68.8
61.6
57.1

105.7
120.4
120.4
110.1
102.8
102.8
106.8
117.6
121.6
109.1
105.1
111.3
102.8
93.1
94.3
101.1
110.1
102.8
93.1
100.0
108.5
99.4
81.8
85.2
59.1
56.8
68.2
59.1
54.5

91.7
70.8
70.8
70.8
66.7
79.2
83.3
87.6
93.7
97.9
108.3
114.6
129.2
129.2
110.5
87.6
95.9
112.5
106.3
100.0
100.0
95.8
104.2
87.5
79.2
70.8
70.8
70.8
66.7

109.7
120.3
123.0
114.2
106.1
100.9
102.7
111.5
118.5
111.5
108.8
115.1
108.8
102.7
99.1
98.2
108.8
110.6
100.9
100.0
104.4
107.1
91.2
87.6
67.3
61.1
69.9
62.8
58.4

114.8
134.1
137.5
126.2
117.1
106.9
108.0
118.3
125.0
114.8
109.1
116.0
104.6
96.7
96.7
101.1
111.4
109.1
98.9
100.0
105.7
110.2
87.5
87.5
63.6
58.0
69.3
60.2
55.7

92.0
72.0
72.0
72.0
68.0
80.0
84.0
88.0
96.0
100.0
108.0
112.0
124.0
124.0
108.0
88.0
100.0
116.0
108.0
100.0
100.0
96.0
104.0
88.0
80.0
72.0
72.0
72.0
68.0

.9
-3 .8

-1 .8
-5 .5

-2 .2
-5 .7

(2)
-4 .7

-1 .9
-5 .8

-2 .4
-6 .2

(2)
-4 .5

1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

may differ from those previously published.
SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

83

Table 149. Concrete products (SIC 3271, 3272): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-85
(19 7 7 = 100)
Output per em ployee 1

Output per h o u r1
Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-85 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

59.1
60.2
57.6
58.7
59.8
64.8
68.7
71.3
75.7
78.9
85.2
84.2
82.3
88.0
89.7
92.4
93.7
91.9
95.0
100.0
97.6
92.7
90.4
88.5
91.0
97.6
99.2
100.5

58.0
57.1
54.5
55.8
56.7
63.1
67.2
69.6
75.2
75.6
81.9
81.5
79.6
86.1
87.9
90.4
91.1
92.4
94.6
100.0
97.5
93.1
93.5
91.4
93.8
100.2
102.7
102.5

64.5
74.6
72.4
72.1
74.6
73.1
75.6
80.0
80.1
91.0
96.9
93.9
92.1
94.4
95.4
98.6
102.9
90.0
96.0
100.0
98.1
91.4
82.0
80.7
83.5
90.2
90.1
94.8

60.0
63.1
62.2
63.5
65.2
68.4
72.9
74.4
77.5
81.1
88.3
88.8
86.9
90.2
91.9
95.0
94.9
91.5
96.5
100.0
97.4
93.0
90.5
88.7
90.4
97.4
99.8
101.6

58.5
59.9
59.4
61.2
62.6
67.2
72.0
72.8
76.9
78.4
85.6
86.3
83.7
87.7
90.1
93.9
93.1
92.4
96.6
100.0
97.2
93.5
93.5
91.6
93.0
100.1
103.4
104.2

64.5
74.4
72.1
71.5
74.2
72.7
75.5
79.4
79.2
90.0
97.3
96.9
97.5
98.6
97.7
98.8
100.2
88.7
95.9
100.0
98.0
91.7
82.6
81.0
83.8
90.2
90.4
95.1

2.5
3.5

2.8
3.3

1.1
4.1

2.3
3.8

2.6
3.7

1.1
4.0

NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 150. Concrete products (SIC 3271, 3272): indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output
All employees

Index:
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966

Production workers

88.8
97.2
103.0
100.7
102.5
102.7
105.0
110.5
108.9
104.0
104.4
107.9
114.8
112.8
117.8
122.5
109.6
97.9
97.9
100.0
104.4
108.5
97.3
96.0
85.4
84.7
88.9
90.5

.4
-.8

.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................

51.5
55.5
56.1
56.2
58.1
64.8
70.6
76.9
81 9

1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-85 ...................................
1981-85 ...................................

85.5
87.9
91.4
97.1
103.5
110.8
99.8
90.5
92.6
100.0
101.8
101.0
91.0
87.7
80.1
84.9
91.3
92.8

87.2
92.2
97.4
95.7
97.1
100.0
102.8
107.8
108.2
99.6
100.4
104.4
111.0
110.3
115.4
119.9
106.5
98.5
97.5
100.0
104.3
109.0
100.7
99.1
88.0
87.0
92.0
92.3

3.2
2.5

.7
-1 .0

' Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




Employees
Nonproduction
workers

All em ployees

79.9
85.9
74.4
88.0
77.5
90.2
78.0
88.5
77.9
89.1
88.6
94.7
93.4
96.9
96.1
103.3
105.7
102.2
86.4
1967 .........................................
96.9
88.2
96.8
93.6
99.0
99.2
105.2
102.9
107.6
108.5
112.6
112.4
116.6
97.0
105.2
100.5
98.9
96.5
96.0
100.0
100.0
103.8
104.5
110.5
108.6
111.0
100.6
108.7
98.9
95.9
88.6
94.1
87.2
101.3
91.5
97.9
91.3

2.1
-1 .5

.9
-1 .3

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

88.0
92.6
94.5
91.9
92.8
96.5
98.0
105.7
106 5
100.2
99.9
101.9
109.2
110.7
114.9
118.0
107.2
97.9
95.9
100.0
104.7
108.0
97.3
95.7
86.1
84.8
88.3
89.1

79.9
74.6
77.8
78.6
78.3
89.1
93.5
96.8
103.4
87 3
87.9
90.7
93.7
98.5
105.9
112.2
99.6
102.0
96.6
100.0
103.9
110.2
110.2
108.3
95.6
94.1
101.0
97.6

.6
-1 .2

2.1
-1 .5

78.6

SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

84

Table 151. Ready-mixed concrete (SIC 3273): Indexes of output per employee hour, output per employee, output, employee
hours, and employees, 1958-85
(1977 = 100)

Year
Index:
1958 .............................
1959 .............................
1960 .............................
1961 .............................
1962 .............................
1963 .............................
1964 .............................
1965 .............................
1966 .............................
1967 .............................
1968 .............................
1969 .............................
1970 .............................
1971 .............................
1972 .............................
1973 .............................
1974 .............................
1975 .............................
1976 .............................
1977 .............................
1978 .............................
1979 .............................
1980 .............................
1981 .............................
1982 .............................
1983 .............................
1984 .............................
1985 1 ..........................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85.........................
1981-85.........................

Output per
employee hour

Output per
employee

Output

Employee hours

77.4
79.2
77.9
76.7
78.7
85.8
86.2
90.3
90.7
95.0
97.7
93.7
91.1
97.2
99.5
103.5
100.3
97.5
98.8
100.0
103.1

54.1
60.4
58.8
59.3
61.1
72.0
73.0
79.0
78.3
81.5
81.7
82.8
78.7
81.3
96.5
99.7
97.5
88.2
88.0
100.0
108.3
109.7
95.6
91.3
81.7
88.7
92.6
93.4

69.9

70.7

93.1
95.4
90.6
93.7
96.3
97.4

76.5
78.5
79.8
79.8
80.6
88.5
88.8
91.1
91.3
96.2
98.3
97.2
90.6
93.1
99.0
101.4
98.3
93.1
94.5
100.0
102.9
98.4
91.3
93.5
88.0
93.1
97.7
98.3

76.3
75.5
77.3
77.6
83.9
84.7
87.5
86.3
85.8
83.6
88.4
86.4
83.6
97.0
96.3
97.2
90.5
89.1
100.0
105.0
109.8
102.7
95.7
90.2
94.7
96.2
95.9

76.9
73.7
74.3
75.8
81.4
82.2
86.7
85.8
84.7
83.1
85.2
86.9
87.3
97.5
98.3
99.2
94.7
93.1
100.0
105.2
111.5
104.7
97 6
92.8
95.3
94.8
95.0

.8
1.0

.7

2.1

1.9
1.7

99.9

Employees

1.1

1.2

.7

-.3

1 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
may differ from those previously published.
Census.




85

Table 152. Steel (SIC 331): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per h o u r1

Output per em ployee 1

Y ear
All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ...................................
1981-86 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

67.4
75.7
71.2
73.4
77.1
80.6
84 1
87.5
89.2
86.4
89.5
90.0
87.6
91.9
97.3
106.6
106.5
93.3
99.0
100.0
108.3
106.9
102.9
112.0
90.9
116.8
131.3
139.5
141.9

65.6
73.4
68.8
71.4
74.9
77.0
79.3
82.6
84.8
83.6
87.6
87.7
86.0
91.0
95.5
103.3
103.7
93.5
98.5
100.0
106.9
105.1
104.3
112.9
97.0
122.5
133.9
142.8
145.3

74.6
85.0
80.8
81.4
86.2
96.1
106.5
110.7
109.5
98.0
96.8
98.9
93.4
95.4
104.4
119.9
117.7
92.4
100.4
100.0
113.7
113.2
98.5
109.0
74.5
100.7
122.4
129.0
131.4

63.1
74.8
67.5
70.7
74.6
79.7
84.8
88.3
89.6
85.5
90.4
91.5
86.9
90.4
97.9
109.5
108.5
91.3
98.5
100.0
110.9
108.6
100.4
111.5
86.3
115.1
132.3
141.8
146.8

60.8
72.6
64.8
68.6
72.5
76.4
80 7
84.0
85.7
83.1
88.6
89.6
85.1
89.0
95.9
106.6
106.0
91.3
98.1
100.0
109.7
107.0
101.3
112.5
90.7
119.4
134.3
144.7
149.8

72.6
82.7
78.4
78.8
83.3
93.0
103.0
107.1
105.8
94.8
97.3
99.3
94.0
95.4
105.4
121.2
118.8
91.5
99.9
100.0
114.8
114.0
97.1
108.3
73.4
101.9
125.7
132.3
136.1

1.8
7.7

2.2
7.4

.2
8.3

1.9
9.0

2.3
8.8

.4
9.3

differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output based on data from the American Iron and Steel Institute; the Energy
Information Administration, U.S. D epartm ent of Energy; and the Bureau of the Census.
Employm ent and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may

Table 153. Steel (SIC 331): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employees

Employee hours
Year

Output
All employees

Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 4 7 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

68.4
79.1
79.3
75.9
79.8
84.7
96.2
104.6
105.3
97.9
103.7
106.3
98.3
93.5
100.3
119.4
119.3
90.3
97.6
100.0
112.0
111.7
92.7
101.8
61.7
70.8
79.8
77.4
72.8

101.5
104.5
111.4
103.4
103.5
105.1
114.4
119.6
118.0
113.3
115.9
118.1
112.2
101.7
103.1
112.0
112.0
96.8
98.6
100.0
103.4
104.5
90.1
90.9
67.9
60.6
60.8
55.5
51.3

104.2
107.8
115.2
106.3
106.6
110.0
121.3
126.7
124.2
117.1
118.4
121.2
114.3
102.8
105.0
115.6
115.0
96.6
99.1
100.0
104 8
106.3
88.9
90.2
63.6
57.8
59.6
54.2
50.1

91.7
93.1
98.2
93.3
92.6
88.1
90.3
94.5
96.2
99.9
107.1
107.5
105.2
98.0
96.1
99.6
101.4
97.7
97.2
100.0
98.5
98.7
94.1
93.4
82.8
70.3
65.2
60.0
55.4

108.4
105.8
117.4
107.3
106.9
106.3
113.4
118.4
117.5
114.5
114.7
116.2
113.1
103.4
102.5
109.0
110.0
98.9
99.1
100.0
101.0
102.9
92.3
91.3
71.5
61.5
60.3
54.6
49.6

112.5
109.0
122.3
110.6
110.1
110.8
119.2
124.5
122.9
117.8
117.1
118.7
115.5
105.1
104.6
112.0
112.6
98.9
99.5
100.0
102.1
104.4
91.5
90.5
68.0
59.3
59.4
53.5
48.6

94.2
95.7
101.1
96.3
95.8
91.1
93.4
97.7
99.5
103.3
106.6
107.0
104.6
98.0
95.2
98.5
100.4
98.7
97.7
100.0
97.6
98.0
95.5
94.0
84.1
69.5
63.5
58.5
53.5

.4
-2 .5

-1 .4
-9 .4

-1 .8
-9 .2

.2
-9 .9

-1 .5
-1 0 .5

-1 .9
-1 0 .4

(2)
-1 0 .8

1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO U R C E: Output based on data from the American Iron and Steel Institute; the
Energy Information Administration, U.S. Departm ent of Energy; and the Bureau of the
Census. Employm ent and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

86

Table 154. Gray iron foundries (SIC 3321): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per employee 1

Output per hour '
Year

Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ...................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-86 ...............................
198 1-8 6...............................

Nonproduction workers

63.3
65.3
65.0
66.7
69.2
70.7
75.1
78.8
79.3
75.1
79.6
83.8
79.8
85.6
90.2
94.5
97.7
97.0
96.4
100.0
102.1
96.8
90.8
92.7
93.7
98.3
106.8
104.2
102.2

63.3
63.9
64.4
66.4
68.1
69.1
72.6
76.2
76.7
73.3
77.9
81.6
78.8
84.7
88.3
92.1
95.7
96.9
96.4
100.0
102.0
98.1
94.8
95.8
100.2
102.1
109.2
107.1
104.8

63.5
76.0
68.4
68.9
77.1
82.8
94.2
98.8
98.3
87.2
91.5
99.1
86.6
91.2
103.4
110.8
111.2
97.3
96.4
100.0
102.4
90.2
73.0
78.2
68.0
80.3
95.1
90.1
89.4

1.9
2.6

2.1
2.1

.5
4.9

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Nonproduction workers

57.9
62.9
61.0
61.9
66.8
70.2
77.1
81.5
80.8
73.8
80.4
84.3
77.3
83.4
90.9
94.9
96.4
93.6
95.6
100.0
101.2
95.6
89.5
90.8
88.5
97.0
108.2
106.8
105.9

64.7
77.3
69.8
70.1
78.7
84.6
96.7
101.0
100.1
88.6
96.2
101.9
87.1
90.1
99.6
107.8
108.3
95.5
95.9
100.0
102.4
90.7
73.7
78.5
68.3
80.3
95.5
90.6
89.7

1.8
4.4

Production workers

Production workers

58.9
64.8
62.2
63.1
68.5
72.2
79.6
84.1
83.3
75.8
82.6
86.7
78.7
84.4
92.2
96.9
98.2
94.0
95.7
100.0
101.4
94.7
86.5
88.6
84.6
93.9
105.9
103.9
103.1

All employees

2.0
4.2

.4
4.9

All employees

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 155. Gray iron foundries (SIC 3321): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-86...............................
1981-86 ...............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

47.8
58.8
54.5
51.7
58.8
62.7
72.5
81.7
84.5
75.3
80.9
89.9
80.0
80.6
91.9
106.3
107.3
93.4
93.8
100.0
109.0
103.8
81.7
82.0
59.3
62.1
75.1
66.3
60.7

75.5
90.0
83.9
77.5
85.0
88.7
96.5
103.7
106.6
100.3
101.6
107.3
100.2
94.2
101.9
112.5
109.8
96.3
97.3
100.0
106.8
107.2
90.0
88.5
63.3
63.2
70.3
63.6
59.4

75.5
92.0
84.6
77.9
86.4
90.8
99.9
107.2
110.1
102.7
103.9
110.2
101.5
95.2
104.1
115.4
112.1
96.4
97.3
100.0
106.9
105.8
86.2
85.6
59.2
60.8
68.8
61.9
57.9

75.3
77.4
79.7
75.0
76.3
75.7
77.0
82.7
86.0
86.4
88.4
90.7
92.4
88.4
88.9
95.9
96.5
96.0
97.3
100.0
106.4
115.1
111.9
104.9
87.2
77.3
79.0
73.6
67.9

81.1
90.7
87.6
81.9
85.9
86.8
91.1
97.1
101.4
99.4
98.0
103.7
101.6
95.5
99.7
109.7
109.3
99.4
98.0
100.0
107.5
109.6
94.4
92.6
70.1
66.1
70.9
63.8
58.9

82.5
93.5
89.4
83.5
88.0
89.3
94.0
100.3
104.6
102.1
100.6
106.6
103.5
96.6
101.1
112.0
111.3
99.8
98.1
100.0
107.7
108.6
91.3
90.3
67.0
64.0
69.4
62.1
57.3

73.9
76.1
78.1
73.7
74.7
74.1
75.0
80.9
84.4
85.0
84.1
88.2
91.8
89.5
92.3
98.6
99.1
97.8
97.8
100.0
106.4
114.5
110.9
104.5
86.8
77.3
78.6
73.2
67.7

1.1
-2.8

-.7
-5.2

-.9
-4.7

.6
-7.3

-.7
-6.8

-.9
-6.7

.7
-7.3

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

87

*

Table 156. Steel foundries (SIC 3324, 3325): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-86
(19 7 7 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per hour 1
Year
Nonproduction workers

75.8
81.5
80.7
81.8
85.8
91.2
91.7
94.1
95.6
93.5
91.1
93.3
90.6
94.9
100.7
101.9
112.4
107.5
105.7
100.0
98.4
100.6
99.8
91.6
89.0
89.9
98.8
95.6
91.9

75.5
78.2
78.7
80.1
82.8
87.7
86.6
88.8
90.4
90.2
89.5
90.5
88.4
94.5
98.7
99.1
108.4
105.0
105.3
100.0
97.4
97.9
99.7
93.0
95.4
97.3
100.8
98.7
95.3

76.6
100.9
92.0
89.8
102.3
111.2
122.5
126.4
127.9
111.8
98.6
107.7
101.7
96.6
110.3
116.9
134.1
120.1
107.3
100.0
103.1
113.7
100.2
86.3
69.2
67.5
90.9
83.7
80.0

.7
.9

1.0
.7

-.5
1.4

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Nonproduction workers

70.4
76.9
76.7
77.7
82.8
88.1
90.5
93.9
96.8
92.2
90.0
92.4
88.6
93.7
97.8
100.2
108.2
105.6
103.7
100.0
96.7
98.8
97.0
90.1
86.7
92.7
100.9
99.8
98.3

78.2
102.6
93.8
91.5
104.5
113.6
125.9
129.1
130.3
113.8
103.9
110.9
102.4
95.7
106.0
113.8
131.2
118.6
106.8
100.0
103.1
114.1
101.3
86.7
69.6
67.8
91.3
84.2
80.4

.6
2.4

Production workers

Production workeis

71.9
81.0
79.6
80.2
86.4
92.3
95.9
99.4
102.0
95.8
92.4
95.8
91.0
94.1
99.3
102.8
112.1
107.9
104.4
100.0
97.9
101.5
97.8
89.4
82.7
86.3
98.9
96.4
94.0

All employees
Index:
1958 .....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 .....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 .....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 .....................................
1981 .....................................
1982 .....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
.1954-86...............................
198 1-8 6...............................

.9
2.7

-.6
1.4

All employees

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 157. Steel foundries (SIC 3324, 3325): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977= 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees
Nonproduction
workers

All employees
Index:
1958 .....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 .....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 .....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 ’ ..................................
Average annual percent
change:
195 4-8 6...............................
198 1-8 6...............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

54.1
67.0
61.9
57.4
66.8
80.3
91.0
99.7
110.6
101.5
94.2
101.5
85.1
81.7
88.1
95.5
114.0
107.6
100.2
100.0
103.9
119.4
115.3
95.4
68.0
53.7
63.9
60.9
56.9

71.4
82.2
76.7
70.2
77.9
88.0
99.2
106.0
115.7
108.5
103.4
108.8
93.9
86.1
87.5
93.7
101.4
100.1
94.8
100.0
105.6
118.7
115.5
104.1
76.4
59.7
64.7
63.7
61.9

71.7
85.7
78.7
71.7
80.7
91.6
105.1
112.3
122.4
112.5
105.2
112.1
96.3
86.5
89.3
96.4
105.2
102.5
95.2
100.0
106.7
121.9
115.6
102.6
71.3
55.2
63.4
61.7
59.7

70.6
66.4
67.3
63.9
65.3
72.2
74.3
78.9
86.5
90.8
95.5
94.2
83.7
84.6
79.9
81.7
85.0
89.6
93.4
100.0
100.8
105.0
115.1
110.5
98.3
79.5
70.3
72.8
71.1

75.2
82.7
77.8
71.6
77.3
87.0
94.9
100.3
108.4
105.9
101.9
106.0
93.5
86.8
88.7
92.9
101.7
99.7
96.0
100.0
106.1
117.6
117.9
106.7
82.2
62.2
64.6
63.2
60.5

76.8
87.1
80.7
73.9
80.7
91.1
100.6
106.2
114.3
110.1
104.7
109.8
96.1
87.2
90.1
95.3
105.4
101.9
96.6
100.0
107.5
120.8
118.9
105.9
78.4
57.9
63.3
61.0
57.9

69.2
65.3
66.0
62.7
63.9
70.7
72.3 '
77.2
84.9
89.2
90.7
91.5
83.1
85.4
83.1
83.9
86.9
90.7
93.8
100.0
100.8
104.6
113.8
110.0
97.7
79.2
70.0
72.3
70.8

.3
-7.5

-.4
-8.4

-.6
-8.2

.8
-8.8

-.3
-9.7

-.6
-10.0

.9
-8.8

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

88

Table 158. Primary copper, lead, and zinc (SIC 3331, 3332, 3333): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r 1
Year

Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ...............................
1981-86...............................

Nonproduction workers

62.6
58.9
65.7
68.7
73.0
74.7
77.6
80.0
79.0
66.6
78.5
80.7
78.1
81.5
90.9
94.8
86.0
85.3
96.0
100.0
96.5
106.5
103.7
118.6
128.0
141.2
148.4
181.3
200.9

61.2
58.1
63.2
66.3
70.2
71.3
73.8
75.8
74.8
67.0
75.6
76.3
74.6
79.9
86.7
91.5
84.8
86.4
96.2
100.0
95.8
105.1
106.1
121.4
131.8
142.6
155.6
194.4
211.8

69.3
63.0
78.6
81.2
87.7
92.9
99.0
104.6
103.6
64.8
93.1
106.5
96.5
88.8
114.0
110.9
91.3
80.7
95.1
100.0
99.7
112.6
94.8
108.4
114.4
135.3
124.6
141.2
165.7

2.9
11.2

3.2
12.2

1.4
7.9

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

Nonproduction workers

62.1
57.8
65.3
69.2
73.0
73.3
74.9
78.4
78.5
69.2
77.4
78.7
77.3
81.5
88.4
92.0
86.8
87.2
97.0
100.0
97.3
105.1
102.6
120.8
135.0
147.1
159.7
196.6
213.2

71.0
64.5
80.6
83.2
90.2
95.5
102.3
107.8
106.1
66.3
98.0
108.7
98.4
89.5
112.0
109.3
90.0
80.5
94.9
100.0
99.7
113.4
96.3
109.0
115.8
137.8
127.3
142.6
170.0

2.7
11.3

Production workers

Production workers

63.7
59.0
68.0
71.7
75.9
77.0
79.2
83.2
82.9
68.6
80.9
83.3
80.8
83.0
92.3
95.0
87.4
85.6
96.6
100.0
97.7
106.7
101.2
118.1
130.7
145.1
151.9
182.7
202.8

All employees

3.0
12.3

1.3
8.2

All employees

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the
Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 159. Primary copper, lead, and zinc (SIC 3331, 3332, 3333): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1977=100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ...............................
198 1-8 6...............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

85.8
71.2
92.4
93.8
98.5
97.5
102.4
108.1
111.2
76.1
100.5
122.1
122.4
111.3
120.2
122.8
112.0
100.1
106.6
100.0
99.7
105.1
82.2
98.3
76.3
74.0
71.4
69.6
66.3

137.0
120.8
140.6
136.5
135.0
130.5
131.9
135.1
140.7
114.3
128.1
151.3
156.7
136.6
132.2
129.6
130.2
117.4
111.0
100.0
103.3
98.7
79.3
82.9
59.6
52.4
48.1
38.4
33.0

140.2
122.6
146.1
141.5
140.3
136.8
138.7
142.7
148.7
113.6
133.0
160.1
164.0
139.3
138.6
134.2
132.0
115.8
110.8
100.0
104.1
100.0
77.5
81.0
57.9
51.9
45.9
35.8
31.3

123.8
113.1
117.5
115.5
112.3
104.9
103.4
103.3
107.3
117.4
108.0
114.7
126.8
125.4
105.4
110.7
122.7
124.1
112.1
100.0
100.0
93.3
86.7
90.7
66.7
54.7
57.3
49.3
40.0

134.7
120.6
135.9
130.8
129.7
126.7
129.3
130.0
134.1
110.9
124.3
146.5
151.4
134.1
130.2
129.2
128.2
116.9
110.4
100.0
102.0
98.5
81.2
83.2
58.4
51.0
47.0
38.1
32.7

138.1
123.2
141.4
135.5
134.9
133.0
136.8
137.8
141.6
109.9
129.8
155.2
158.4
136.6
135.9
133.5
129.1
114.8
109.9
100.0
102.5
100.0
80.1
81.4
56.5
50.3
44.7
35.4
31.1

120.8
110.4
114.6
112.8
109.2
102.1
100.1
100.3
104.8
114.7
102.5
112.3
124.4
124.4
107.3
112.3
124.4
124.4
112.3
100.0
100.0
92.7
85.4
90.2
65.9
53.7
56.1
48.8
39.0

(2)
-6.3

-2.8
-15.8

-3.1
-16.5

-1.4
-13.2

-2.7
-15.8

-3.0
-16.5

-1.3
-13.4

1 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of
2 Less than .05 percent.
the Interior. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
may differ from those previously published.




89

Table 160. Primary copper (SIC 3331): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Year
Nonproduction workers

65.1
61.4
68.4
69.7
75.7
75.4
80.2
81.9
79.9
69.0
82.3
82.6
79.8
81.9
87.0
90.6
81.3
83.0
95.2
100.0
99.4
113.3
105.3
124.4
128.5
138.3
151.9
189.8
214.8

62.6
60.1
64.6
67.4
73.0
71.7
76.4
76.9
75.9
70.4
79.9
78.4
76.6
80.7
83.4
87.5
81.5
85.3
96.6
100.0
98.2
111.3
109.6
126.3
132.1
140.5
158.1
204.5
234.0

79.5
68.0
92.5
82.7
91.2
98.3
103.0
116.3
104.7
63.3
94.7
108.7
97.9
87.2
107.0
107.1
80.5
74.0
88.7
100.0
105.1
123.6
89.6
116.3
114.2
130.3
129.0
143.3
156.6

2.6
12.1

2.9
13.8

.9
6.4

Index:
1958 .....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 .....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ...............................
198 1-8 6...............................

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

Nonproduction workers

64.4
57.2
66.1
69.9
76.2
75.0
77.7
80.9
80.9
71.3
80.8
80.6
80.7
81.9
85.6
91.0
83.5
87.5
99.5
100.0
100.6
113.3
104.5
129.2
138.2
147.2
168.0
213.4
240.6

81.1
69.4
94.3
84.2
93.4
100.7
105.8
119.0
106.7
64.5
100.6
111.1
99.1
86.9
103.8
104.5
78.8
73.4
88.4
100.0
104.8
124.8
90.7
117.7
113.2
131.4
130.2
142.7
154.8

2.4
12.0

Production workers

Production workers

67.1
59.2
70.1
72.3
79.0
78.8
81.9
86.2
84.9
69.9
84.0
85.1
83.6
82.8
88.5
93.3
82.5
84.4
97.2
100.0
101.4
115.4
101.5
126.8
132.8
144.0
159.2
195.2
217.6

All employees

2.7
13.9

.8
6.0

All employees

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the
Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 161. Primary copper (SIC 3331): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees
Index:
1958 .....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 .....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 ........................ ............
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 .....................................
1979 .....................................
1980 .....................................
1981 .....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 .....................................
1986 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
194 7-8 6...............................
1981-86 ...............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

75.4
59.4
86.3
85.0
92.0
90.0
93.1
100.0
102.4
61.9
88.5
111.1
114.9
104.3
116.3
121.1
110.3
99.8
106.1
100.0
100.6
104.8
79.8
103.6
77.0
73.6
72.9
68.5
68.1

115.8
96.8
126.1
121.9
121.5
119.3
116.1
122.1
128.2
89.7
107.5
134.5
144.0
127.4
133.7
133.7
135.7
120.3
111.5
100.0
101.2
92.5
75.8
83.3
59.9
53.2
48.0
36.1
31.7

120.4
98.9
133.5
126.1
126.1
125.5
121.9
130.1
135.0
87.9
110.7
141.7
150.0
129.2
139.4
138.4
135.4
117.0
109.8
100.0
102.4
94.2
72.8
82.0
58.3
52.4
46.1
33.5
29.1

94.9
87.3
93.3
102.8
100.9
91.6
90.4
86.0
97.8
97.8
93.5
102.2
117.4
119.6
108.7
113.1
137.0
134.8
119.6
100.0
95.7
84.8
89.1
89.1
67.4
56.5
56.5
47.8
43.5

112.4
100.4
123.1
117.6
116.5
114.2
113.7
116.0
120.6
88.6
105.4
130.6
137.5
126.0
131.4
129.8
133.7
118.3
109.2
100.0
99.2
90.8
78.6
81.7
58.0
51.1
45.8
35.1
31.3

117.0
103.8
130 6
121.6
120.7
120.0
119.8
123.6
126.5
86.8
109.5
137.8
142.4
127.3
135.9
133 1
132.1
114.1
106.6
100.0
100.0
92.5
76.4
80.2
55.7
50.0
43.4
32.1
28.3

93.0
85.6
91.5
100.9
98.5
89.4
88.0
84.0
96.0
96.0
88.0
100.0
115.9
120.0
112 0
115.9
139.9
136.0
120.0
100.0
96.0
84.0
88.0
88.0
68.0
56.0
56.0
48.0
44.0

.7
-6.8

-1.9
-16.8

-2.2
-18.1

-.3
-12.4

-1.7
-16.7

-2 1
-18.1

-.2
-12.1

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO U R C E: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Departm ent of
the Interior. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

90

Table 162. Primary aluminum (SIC 3334): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Year
Nonproduction workers

57.8
68.6
71.7
74.7
78.4
81.0
83.4
85.4
88.3
87.6
81.9
90.0
92.5
100.7
99.9
99.4
110.8
96.2
101.4
100.0
99.6
99.7
100.0
103.8
103.0
111.5
125.4
125.4
128.2

59.2
68.2
71.9
75.9
78.5
80.9
81.8
84.1
87.3
86.7
82.0
89.0
92.2
101.7
101.3
97.8
109.1
100.1
102.1
100.0
98.6
99.2
102.3
107.6
112.0
115.8
126.2
129.0
144.5

52.1
70.6
70.5
70.0
77.2
81.1
90.0
90.7
93.0
91.0
81.2
94.5
94.0
96.7
94.4
106.6
118.8
82.6
98.4
100.0
103.8
102.1
91.6
90.4
76.7
96.8
122.5
112.3
86.7

3.1
5.2

3.3
5.8

2.2
3.4

Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86...............................
1981-86...............................

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

Nonproduction workers

61.4
71.4
74.5
78.5
80.5
82.6
78.8
84.4
89.2
86.9
81.8
90.2
91.7
100.2
99.5
98.0
107.4
99.4
101.9
100.0
101.3
100.2
100.3
106.7
107.3
112.4
127.5
126.7
143.7

53.0
71.9
71.7
71.1
78.9
82.6
92.2
92.4
94.5
92.3
85.3
96.4
94.2
95.6
90.5
103.9
115.4
81.3
98.0
100.0
104.0
101.9
92.3
90.3
76.9
96.3
123.0
112.0
87.2

2.9
5.5

Production workers

Production workers

59.5
71.5
73.9
76.7
80.1
82.6
81.3
86.0
90.1
88.0
82.5
91.5
92.3
99.3
97.5
99.2
109.0
95.1
101.1
100.0
101.9
100.5
98.5
102.9
99.3
108.8
126.6
123.4
127.1

All employees

3.1
6.2

2.1
3.5

All employees

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 163. Primary aluminum (SIC 3334): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 .....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86...............................
198 1-8 6...............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

36.1
45.0
46.1
43.5
48.2
52.4
57.7
62.1
66.6
73.2
72.1
83.1
86.1
84.0
87.3
96.7
105.5
84.1
92.9
100.0
105.8
110.7
113.0
109.0
79.5
81.4
99.6
85.0
73.7

62.5
65.6
64.3
58.2
61.5
64.7
69.2
72.7
75.4
83.6
88.0
92.3
93.1
83.4
87.4
97.3
95.2
87.4
91.6
100.0
106.2
111.0
113.0
105.0
77.2
73.0
79.4
67.8
57.5

61.0
66.0
64.1
57.3
61.4
64.8
70.5
73.8
76.3
84.4
87.9
93.4
93.4
82.6
86.2
98.9
96.7
84.0
91.0
100.0
107.3
111.6
110.5
101.3
71.0
70.3
78.9
65.9
51.0

69.3
63.7
65.4
62.1
62.4
64.6
64.1
68.5
71.6
80.4
88.8
87.9
91.6
86.9
92.5
90.7
88.8
101.8
94.4
100.0
101.9
108.4
123.4
120.6
103.7
84.1
81.3
75.7
85.0

60.7
62.9
62.4
56.7
60.2
63.4
71.0
72.2
73.9
83.2
87.4
90.8
93.3
84.6
89.5
97.5
96.8
88.4
91.9
100.0
103.8
110.1
114.7
105.9
80.1
74.8
78.7
68.9
58.0

58.8
63.0
61.9
55.4
59.9
63.4
73.2
73.6
74.7
84.2
88.1
92.1
93.9
83.8
87.7
98.7
98.2
84.6
91.2
100.0
104.4
110.5
112.7
102.2
74.1
72.4
78.1
67.1
51.3

68.1
62.6
64.3
61.2
61.1
63.4
62.6
67.2
70.5
79.3
84.5
86.2
91.4
87.9
96.5
93.1
91.4
103.4
94.8
100.0
101.7
108.6
122.4
120.7
103.4
84.5
81.0
75.9
84.5

5.1
-4.3

1.8
-9.0

1.5
-9.6

2.7
-7.5

2.0
-9.3

1.8
-9.9

2.8
-7.6

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of
the Interior; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data
from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

91

Table 164. Copper rolling and drawing (SIC 3351): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r 1
Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 .....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 .....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 .....................................
1983 .....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 .....................................
1 9 8 6 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ...............................
1981-86 ...............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

54.9
60.4
58.2
63.1
67.6
74.0
81.5
86.1
91.0
77.3
80.3
85.6
76.8
85.8
88.0
93.2
85.2
76.8
86.1
100.0
99.2
97.5
93.5
97.3
105.4
120.2
127.4
121.3
129.9

54.7
58.5
57.0
62.9
66.9
71.3
78.6
82.6
86.6
75.9
79.5
83.9
76.9
84.9
85.3
90.0
84.2
80.4
85.6
100.0
99.4
97.3
96.1
100.1
112.9
125.9
128.6
124.5
131.5

56.0
68.9
63.7
64.1
70.3
86.5
95.3
103.0
113.8
83.5
83.4
92.6
76.3
89.2
100.0
108.3
89.7
65.5
87.8
100.0
98.7
98.6
84.5
87.3
83.2
102.2
122.4
110.1
124.0

2.4
5.7

2.7
4.9

1.5
8.3

1 The output measures; underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate tc the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

53.2
61.0
56.2
62.3
67.7
74.7
83.0
87.9
94.5
75.3
79.4
86.5
74.3
83.7
88.5
94.1
84.5
72.5
85.5
100.0
98.7
95.7
91.5
93.9
97.5
115.3
128.1
118.1
126.9

52.2
58.8
54.2
61.5
66.6
71.3
79.4
83.9
89.7
72.9
77.3
84.2
73.8
82.7
86.5
91.2
83.7
75.2
85.1
100.0
98.8
94.9
93.5
95.8
102.3
119.5
129.4
120.2
127.4

57.0
70.0
64.8
65.1
71.7
88.3
97.9
105.0
115.3
85.0
87.7
95.2
76.5
87.6
96.0
105.2
87.3
64.6
-87.0
100.0
98.6
98.7
85.1
87.9
83.6
102.3
123.0
110.7
124.9

2.3
6.4

2.6
5.8

1.4
8.3

All employees

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Copper Development Association Inc., the
Bureau of the Census, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based
on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 165. Copper rolling and drawing (SIC 3351): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ...................................
1961 ...................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 .....................................
1980 .....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 .....................................
1984 .....................................
1985 .....................................
1986 ' ..................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-36 ...............................
196 1-8 6...............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

68.5
84.0
71.1
78.4
89.1
92.8
104.7
110.9
123.4
96.9
101.2
113.8
92.6
98.7
106.8
119.9
102.0
74.5
93.1
100.0
105.7
110.2
91.2
94.2
72.7
84.5
96.3
85.0
86.9

124.7
139.1
122.1
124.2
131.8
125.4
128.4
128.8
135.6
125.3
126.1
133.0
120.6
115.0
121.4
128.6
119.7
97.0
108.1
100.0
106.5
113.0
97.5
96.8
69.0
70.3
75.6
70.1
66.9

125.3
143.6
124.8
124.6
133.1
130.1
133.2
134.2
142.5
127.7
127.3
135.6
120.4
116.2
125.2
133.2
121.2
92.7
108.7
100.0
106.3
113.3
94.9
94.1
64.4
67.1
74.9
68.3
66.1

122.3
121.9
111.7
122.4
126.7
107.3
109.9
107.7
108.4
116.0
121.3
122.9
121.3
110.7
106.8
110.7
113.7
113.7
106.0
100.0
107.1
111.8
107.9
107.9
87.4
82.7
78.7
77.2
70.1

128.8
137.7
126.4
125.9
131.7
124.3
126.1
126.1
130.6
128.7
127.4
131.5
124.6
117.9
120.7
127.4
120.7
102.8
108.9
100.0
107.1
115.1
99.7
100.3
74.6
73.3
75.2
72.0
68.5

131.2
142.8
131.2
127.4
133.8
130.1
131.8
132.2
137.5
133.0
130.9
135.1
125.5
119.4
123.5
131.4
121.8
99.1
109.4
100.0
107.0
116.1
97.5
98.3
71.1
70.7
74.4
70.7
68.2

120.2
120.0
109.8
120.5
124.2
105.1
107.0
105.6
107.0
114.0
115.4
119.6
121.1
112.7
111.2
114.0
116.9
115.4
107.0
100.0
107.2
111.6
107.2
107.2
87.0
82.6
78.3
76.8
69.6

.1
.6

-2.2
-4.8

-2.4
-4.1

-1.3
-7.1

-2.1
-5.5

-2.4
-5.0

-1.3
-7.1

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

' Preliminary.
the Bureau of the Census, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor
may differ from those previously published.
Statistics.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Copper Development Association Inc.,




92

Table 166. Aluminum rolling and drawing (SIC 3353, 3354, 3355): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r 1
Year

Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 .....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ...............................
1981-86...............................

Production workers

38.1
41.1
39.0
42.8
46.5
51.5
54.8
60.0
60.4
59.8
62.4
64.1
66.0
72.5
85.1
94.0
96.4
87.5
101.7
100.0
104.0
100.3
100.0
96.8
99.2
110.4
116.2
115.9
125.8

38.9
40.6
39.7
43.3
47.0
51.8
55.2
60.0
59.6
60.0
63.5
64.8
68.6
74.9
84.7
92.8
96.1
92.5
102.7
100.0
104.2
101.2
103.6
100.6
105.2
113.7
118.1
118.5
125.8

4.4
4.4

Nonproduction workers

39.5
42.2
41.0
45.0
48.3
53.5
57.1
63.5
63.0
61.0
63.3
66.3
67.0
72.1
86.5
95.2
94.9
86.8
101.2
100.0
102.6
101.2
101.3
98.8
99.8
111.2
117.1
119.2
128.9

35.5
43.7
36.7
41.4
45.7
51.1
54.8
61.7
65.2
59.7
61.0
62.5
56.9
62.8
83.3
96.7
94.8
69.8
96.9
100.0
102.4
96.6
87.5
83.4
79.6
98.2
108.3
106.1
126.3

4.1
6.4

4.1
5.6

3.9
9.1

All employees

34.8
42.9
36.1
40.8
44.7
49.9
53.4
60.5
64.1
58.7
58.1
60.9
56.5
63.7
86.4
99.5
97.3
70.9
97.6
100.0
102.6
96.5
87.0
83.0
79.4
98.2
108.1
106.0
125.8

4.3
5.4

Production workers

38.6
42.5
40.1
44.2
47.8
52.9
56.7
63.1
63.4
60.8
62.8
65.5
64.6
70.0
85.8
95.5
94.9
82.6
100.3
100.0
102.5
100.2
98.1
95.2
94.8
108.3
115.1
116.3
128.3

Nonproduction workers

All employees

4.0
9.1

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
2 Preliminary.
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 167. Aluminum rolling and drawing (SIC 3353, 3354, 3355): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1977=100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86...............................
1981-86...............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

28.9
37.6
33.7
36.8
41.5
45.9
50.8
58.0
64.2
59.7
66.2
71.3
67.1
72.1
87.2
104.2
99.3
69.8
93.9
100.0
110.4
108.7
102.5
96.4
84.5
97.4
104.9
107.8
112.5

75.8
91.5
86.5
85.9
89.2
89.1
92.7
96.6
106.3
99.9
106.1
111.3
101.7
99.5
102.5
110.9
103.0
79.8
92.3
100.0
106.2
108.4
102.5
99.6
85.2
88.2
90.3
93.0
89.4

74.2
92.5
84.8
85.0
88.3
88.6
92.1
96.7
107.8
99.5
104.3
110.0
97.8
96.3
102.9
112.3
103.3
75.5
91.4
100.0
105.9
107.4
98.9
95.8
80.3
85.7
88.8
91.0
89.4

83.0
87.6
93.4
90.2
92.9
91.9
95.1
95.9
100.2
101.7
114.0
117.0
118.7
113.1
100.9
104.7
102.1
98.4
96.2
100.0
107.6
112.7
117.8
116.1
106.4
99.2
97.0
101.7
89.4

74.9
88.4
84.1
83.2
86.9
86.7
89.6
91.9
101.2
98.2
105.4
108.9
103.8
103.0
101.6
109.1
104.6
84.5
93.6
100.0
107.7
108.5
104.5
101.3
89.1
89.9
91.1
92.7
87.7

4.5
4.6

.2
-.7

.1
.2

.5
-4.1

.4
-1.7

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

73.2
89.1
82.1
81.8
85.9
85.8
88.9
91.4
101.9
97.8
104.6
107.6
100.2
100.0
100.8
109.4
104.6
80.4
92.8
100.0
107.6
107.4
101.2
97.6
84.7
87.6
89.6
90.4
87.3

81.5
86.1
91.8
88.8
90.9
89.9
92.7
94.0
98.5
100.0
108.6
114.1
118.0
114.8
104.7
107.8
104.7
100.0
96.9
100.0
107.8
112.5
117.2
115.6
106.2
99.2
96.9
101.6
89.1

.3
-1.0

.6
-4.1

‘

SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment
and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.

93

Table 168. Metal cans (SIC 3411): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-86
(19 7 7 = 100)
Output per h o u r '

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

62.3
64.5
66.1
69.7
67.4
67.0
68.5
70.3
72.2
74.7
78.1
80.0
78.8
78.5
80.8
81.6
84.7
87.0
93.4
100.0
102.2
103.6
102.6
107.8
118.5
120.4
122.9
125.8
129.5

61.2
63.0
64.6
68.1
65.6
65.4
66.9
69.5
70.1
72.6
75.9
78.2
77.5
77.7
79.3
79.8
84.2
87.9
93.9
100.0
102.6
104.1
104.0
110.5
120.5
122.0
123.9
126.3
129.7

69.5
75.6
76.2
81.1
80.9
78.9
79.1
75.6
87.6
90.8
94.9
93.4
87.6
83.8
91.3
95.0
87.6
81.5
90.3
100.0
99.8
101.1
94.7
94.8
107.7
112.0
116.9
122.4
129.0

59.9
64.1
65.0
68.9
68.4
67.2
69.7
73.4
72.5
76.3
80.0
80.2
79.5
77.4
80.5
82.3
84.4
86.5
92.5
100.0
100.8
103.3
102.2
106.5
112.7
116.2
120.3
122.9
127.0

58.1
62.0
63.0
66.8
66.2
65.1
67.9
72.7
70.0
73.8
77.6
77.7
77.3
75.9
78.9
80.1
83.4
87.2
92.5
100.0
100.9
103.6
103.6
108.9
113.5
117.1
120.8
122.9
126.5

71.3
77.3
77.8
82.7
82.7
80.6
81.1
77.2
89.1
92.3
95.1
96.3
93.2
86.1
90.3
96.0
90.0
83.0
91.5
100.0
100.3
101.6
95.6
95.5
108.1
112.0
117.7
122.7
130.0

2.6
3.2

2.7
2.8

1.9
5.8

2.6
3.4

2.7
3.0

1.8
5.8

Index:
1958 .....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 .....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 .....................................
1967 .....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 .....................................
1983 .....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ...............................
198 1-8 6...............................

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Can Manufacturing Association, the Bureau of
the Census, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from
the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

Table 169. Metal cans (SIC 3411): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 .....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 .....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 .....................................
1967 .....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 .....................................
1979 .....................................
1980 .....................................
1981 .....................................
1982 .....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 .....................................
1985 .....................................
1986 ’ ..................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ...............................
198 1-8 6...............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

54.3
57.6
58.2
61.5
60.7
59.8
64.2
67.3
71.2
76.9
85.2
87.3
93.2
88.9
92.2
96.0
97.5
90.7
94.4
100.0
99.3
99.5
91.6
89.6
92.3
89.8
91.9
90.8
93.5

87.1
89.3
88.1
88.2
90.0
89.2
93.7
95.7
98.6
102.9
109.1
109.1
118.3
113.2
114.1
117.6
115.1
104.3
101.1
100.0
97.2
96.0
89.3
83.1
77.9
74.6
74.8
72.2
72.2

88.7
91.5
90.1
90.3
92.6
91.5
95.9
96.9
101.5
105.9
112.2
111.7
120.3
114.4
116.3
120.3
115.8
103.2
100.5
100.0
96.8
95.6
88.1
81.1
76.6
73.6
74.2
71.9
72.1

78.1
76.2
76.4
75.8
75.0
75.8
81.2
89.0
81.3
84.7
89.8
93.5
106.4
106.1
101.0
101.1
111.3
111.3
104.5
100.0
99.5
98.4
96.7
94.5
85.7
80.2
78.6
74.2
72.5

90.7
89.9
89.5
89.2
88.7
89.0
92.1
91.7
98.2
100.8
106.5
108.9
117.2
114.8
114.5
116.7
115.5
104.8
102.1
100.0
98.5
96.3
89.6
84.1
81.9
77.3
76.4
73.9
73.6

93.4
92.9
92.4
92.1
91.7
91.9
94.6
92.6
101.7
104.2
109.8
112.3
120.5
117.1
116.9
119.9
116.9
104.0
102.0
100.0
98.4
96.0
88.4
82.3
81.3
76.7
76.1
73.9
73.9

76.2
74.5
74.8
74.4
73.4
74.2
79.2
87.2
79.9
83.3
89.6
90.7
100.0
103.2
102.1
100.0
108.3
109.3
103.2
100.0
99.0
97.9
95.8
93.8
85.4
80.2
78.1
74.0
71.9

2.6
.5

(*)
-2.6

-.1
-2.2

.7
-5.0

(2)
-2.8

-.1
-2.4

.8
-5.0

1 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Can Manufacturing Association, the
2 Less than .05 percent.
Bureau of the Census, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
may differ from those previously published.




94

Table 170. Hand and edge tools (SIC 3423): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-85
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r 1
Year
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

74.0
79.0
77.0
79.8
81.5
84.0
86.1
91.2
88.8
93.9
95.5
97.2
91.0
94.4
101.2
101.8
96.9
93.9
97.6
100.0
100.4
103.9
98.4
95.2
92.8
89.3
90.1
90.6

75.2
78.8
77.5
81.3
82.2
85.1
87.0
91.1
87.6
92.2
94.2
96.3
90.8
93.6
99.9
101.4
96.2
94.5
98.4
100.0
98.6
104.8
102.3
97.4
100.1
95.6
94.6
94.9

69.7
79.9
74.5
74.6
79.1
80.1
82.9
91.3
93.8
101.0
100.9
101.0
92.0
98.0
106.2
103.4
99.4
91.5
94.8
100.0
107.6
100.4
85.7
87.5
72.3
71.2
75.9
77.0

.7
-1.3

.9
-1.1

.2
-2.0

Index:
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
.....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
1973 ....................................
....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85...............................
1981-85...............................

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

73.2
81.0
78.7
81.8
84.8
84.9
88.4
93.5
93.4
95.9
97.1
99.1
93.1
96.0
1972 101.8
102.7
1974 97.4
93.7
97.0
100.0
100.7
102.8
94.6
94.4
88.6
86.4
89.4
87.7

73.7
80.9
79.4
83.5
86.0
85.7
89.4
93.5
93.0
94.2
96.0
97.9
91.9
94.8
100.9
102.2
96.2
93.8
97.3
100.0
99.0
103.3
97.1
96.3
94.3
91.6
93.8
91.1

71.2
81.7
76.3
76.0
80.9
82.1
85.1
93.4
95.5
102.8
101.5
104.1
98.0
100.6
104.8
104.7
102.4
93.3
96.6
100.0
107.6
100.7
86 4
88.0
72.6
71.4
76.1
77.3

.5
-1.4

.6
-1.2

1
-2.1

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 171. Hand and edge tools (SIC 3423): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 .....................................
1982 .....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ’ .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85 ...............................
1981-85 ...............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

47.2
55.0
52.1
55.7
60.8
56.9
61.5
70.2
75.6
73.3
74.4
80.4
74.7
72.7
85.1
92.2
87.1
75.8
85.1
100.0
107.6
111.7
95.0
95.0
76.2
73.5
77.6
75.8

63.8
69.6
67.7
69.8
74.6
67.7
71.4
77.0
85.1
78.1
77.9
82.7
82.1
77.0
84.1
90.6
89.9
80.7
87.2
100.0
107.2
107.5
96.5
99.8
82.1
82.3
86.1
83.7

62.8
69.8
67.2
68.5
74.0
66.9
70.7
77.1
86.3
79.5
79.0
83.5
82.3
77.7
85.2
90.9
90.5
80.2
86.5
100.0
109.1
106.6
92.9
97.5
76.1
76.9
82.0
79.9

67.7
68.8
69.9
74.7
76.9
71.0
74.2
76.9
80.6
72.6
73.7
79.6
81.2
74.2
80.1
89.2
87.6
82.8
89.8
100.0
100.0
111.3
110.8
108.6
105.4
103.2
102.2
98.4

64.5
67.9
66.2
68.1
71.7
67.0
69.6
75.1
80.9
76.4
76.6
81.1
80.2
75.7
83.6
89.8
89.4
80.9
87.7
100.0
106.8
108.7
100.4
100.6
86.0
85.1
86.8
86.4

64.0
68.0
65.6
66.7
70.7
66.4
68.8
75.1
81.3
77.8
77.5
82.1
81.3
76.7
84.3
90.2
90.5
80.8
87.5
100.0
108.7
108.1
97.8
98.6
80.8
80.2
82.7
83.2

66.3
67.3
68.3
73.3
75.2
69.3
72.3
75.2
79.2
71.3
73.3
77.2
76.2
72.3
81.2
88.1
85.1
81.2
88.1
100.0
100.0
110.9
109.9
107.9
105.0
103.0
102.0
98.0

2.0
-4.2

1.3
-3.0

1.1
-3.2

1.8
-2.3

1.5
-2.9

1.4
-3.1

1.9
-2.2

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

95

Table 172. Heating equipment, except electric (SIC 3433): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1972-85
(1977 = 100)
Output per hour '

Output per em ployee 1

Year
All employees
Index:
1972 ........................................
1973 .......................................
1974 ............... ........................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent *
change:
1 9 7 2 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

85.5
85.0
78.9
80.4
84.5
100.0
101.6
95.8
99.7
94.6
102.3
93.2
102.0
97.7

86.2
85.0
81.2
85.4
88.3
100.0
101.6
96.8
102.6
103.7
114.0
100.6
110.3
102.9

83.7
85.1
73.3
69.2
75.4
100.0
101.5
93.2
92.4
76.2
79.9
77.4
84.6
85.7

86.4
88.0
80.2
79.2
86.0
100.0
101.8
97.1
98.9
92.5
99.9
93.0
102.8
99.9

88.0
88.7
82.2
83.0
90.1
100.0
101.8
98.6
101.4
100.8
110.2
101.0
111.7
106.5

82.5
86.0
75.4
70.7
76.8
100.0
101.7
93.5
92.8
76.1
80.3
77.1
84.8
85.6

1.6
.6

2.2
-.5

.3
3.0

1.5
1.8

2.1
1.2

.2
2.9

1 The output measures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 173. Heating equipment, except electric (SIC 3433): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1972-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 7 2 -8 5 ...................................
1981-85 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

103.5
109.1
94.5
86.6
80.0
100.0
113.2
115.9
124.2
96.5
100.7
93.4
95.6
92.9

121.0
128.3
119.8
107.7
94.7
100.0
111.4
121.0
124.6
102.0
98.4
100.2
93.7
95.1

120.0
128.3
116.4
101.4
90.6
100.0
111.4
119.7
121.1
93.1
88.3
92.8
86.7
90.3

123.7
128.2
129.0
125.2
106.1
100.0
111.5
124.4
134.4
126.7
126.0
120.6
113.0
108.4

119.8
124.0
117.8
109.3
93.0
100.0
111.2
119.4
125.6
104.3
100.8
100.4
93.0
93.0

117.6
123.0
115.0
104.3
88.8
100.0
111.2
117.6
122.5
95.7
91.4
92.5
85.6
87.2

125.4
126.8
125.4
122.5
104.2
100.0
111.3
123.9
133.8
126.8
125.4
121.1
112.7
108.5

-.1
-1 .3

-1 .7
-1 .9

-2 .2
-.8

-.4
-4.1

-1 .6
-3.1

-2.1
-2 .5

-.3
-4.1

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

96

Table 174. Fabricated structural metal (SIC 3441): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Year
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

80.2
78.6
81.1
85.2
88.5
91.9
92.9
97.1
95.0
96.6
100.3
99.8
102.2
107.6
110.8
113.0
106.9
97.4
98.9
100.0
100.5
102.1
102.1
98.5
99.5
103.0
107.9
117.7

79.3
79.7
81.0
84.4
86.7
90.4
91.5
94.9
92.3
94.8
98.5
99.0
102.2
106.9
109.8
112.7
106.0
96.9
98.7
100.0
99.4
100.3
99.8
95.8
99.8
105.0
108.2
117.5

83.2
75.2
81.1
87.8
94.0
95.8
97.7
103.9
103.4
102.3
105.9
102.2
102.0
109.5
113.3
113.8
109.4
98.6
99.0
100.0
104.0
107.6
109.4
107.4
98.4
97.6
107.1
118.3

81.3
79.7
84.7
87.3
91.6
93.4
96.5
99.5
97.0
99.4
102.7
102.9
105.8
109.7
110.6
112.8
108.0
97.1
98.7
100.0
100.3
102.0
102.4
98.9
100.6
103.7
108.1
116.4

80.0
80.7
85.3
86.3
90.1
91.8
95.1
97.3
94.4
97.8
101.3
102.0
104.6
108.7
109.9
111.9
106.3
95.8
98.1
100.0
99.0
100.0
99.8
96.0
101.2
106.2
108.2
115.6

85.2
76.8
82.9
89.4
95.9
97.8
100.2
106.2
105.1
104.1
106.2
105.5
108.5
112.8
112.3
115.3
112.6
100.7
100.6
100.0
104.0
107.9
110.3
107.8
99.0
97.6
107.5
118.8

.9
4.5

1.0
5.0

.8
2.8

.8
4.1

.8
4.5

.8
2.8

Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85 ..................................
1981-85 ...................................

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 175. Fabricated structural metal (SIC 3441): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85 ...................................
1981-85 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

74.7
66.3
74.9
74.0
73.1
80.3
85.6
93.2
95.2
107.6
107.9
108.3
106.4
106.4
116.1
119.7
112.6
101.1
96.0
100.0
101.6
112.0
121.5
115.1
104.9
98.0
100.2
106.2

93.1
84.4
92.4
86.9
82.6
87.4
92.1
96.0
100.2
111.4
107.6
108.5
104.1
98.9
104.8
105.9
105.3
103.8
97.1
100.0
101.1
109.7
119.0
116.9
105.4
95.1
92.9
90.2

94.2
83.2
92.5
87.7
84.3
88.8
93.6
98.2
103.1
113.5
109.5
109.4
104.1
99.5
105.7
106.2
106.2
104.3
97.3
100.0
102.2
111.7
121.7
120.2
105.1
93.3
92.6
90.4

89.8
88.2
92.3
84.3
77.8
83.8
87.6
89.7
92.1
105.2
101.9
106.0
104.3
97.2
102.5
105.2
102.9
102.5
97.0
100.0
97.7
104.1
111.1
107.2
106.6
100.4
93.6
89.8

91.9
83.2
88.4
84.8
79.8
86.0
88.7
93.7
98.1
108.2
105.1
105.2
100.6
97.0
105.0
106.1
104.3
104.1
97.3
100.0
101.3
109.8
118.7
116.4
104.3
94.5
92.7
91.2

93.4
82.2
87.8
85.7
81.1
87.5
90.0
95.8
100.9
110.0
106.5
106.2
101.7
97.9
105.6
107.0
105.9
105.5
97.9
100.0
102.6
112.0
121.8
119.9
103.7
92.3
92.6
91.9

87.7
86.3
90.4
82.8
76.2
82.1
85.4
87.8
90.6
103.4
101.6
102.7
98.1
94.3
103.4
103.8
100.0
100.4
95.4
100.0
97.7
103.8
110.2
106.8
106.0
100.4
93.2
89.4

1.5
-2 .0

.5
-6 .2

.5
-6 .7

.6
-4 .7

.7
-5 .9

.7
-6 .2

.7
-4 .7

Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

97

Table 176. Metal doors, sash, and trim (SIC 3442): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1967-85
(19 7 7 = 100)
Output per h o u r1

Output per em ployee 1

Y ear
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

81.7
85.6
83.7
82.1
91.4
93.1
92.0
87.2
89.3
92.9
100.0
94.8
92.8
90.6
90.4
96.0
99.7
102.8
106.3

82.9
86.5
85.0
85.9
93.8
93.9
94.1
88.6
92.1
93.6
100.0
95.9
94.9
93.0
92.9
101.9
103.4
107.0
110.9

78.0
83 1
79.4
71.6
84.4
90.3
86.0
82.9
81.3
90.9
100.0
91.2
86.4
83.3
83.1
80.7
89.0
91.0
93.4

83.4
86 2
85 0
83.9
92.5
93.9
92.8
87.5
88.2
93.6
100.0
94.8
92.8
90.0
91.8
95.8
98.0
102.9
107.2

84.7
87 1
86 0
86.8
94.3
95.4
94.8
88 2
90.0
93.9
100.0
96 0
94.9
92.1
94.6
101 7
101.2
107 2
1122

79.5
83 3
81.9
76 1
86.8
89 5
87.1
85 4
83.1
92.6
1000
91 3
86 8
840
83 6
81 1
89 1
91.3
93 9

1.1
4.0

1.2
4.1

.7
3.6

1.0
3.9

1.1
4.0

5
3.6

Index:
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 2 .....................................
A verage annual percent
change:
1 9 6 7 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

1 The output measures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 177. Metal doors, sash, and trim (SIC 3442): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1967-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 6 7 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All em ployees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

81.0
81.7
81.9
79.5
88.5
100.9
98.2
88.6
72.0
80.2
100.0
102.9
103.4
96.3
100.1
96.6
105.0
107.0
116.0

99.1
95.4
97.9
96.8
96.8
108.4
106.7
101.6
80.6
86.3
100.0
108.6
111.4
106.3
110.7
100.6
105.3
104.1
109.1

97.7
94.5
96.4
92.6
94.4
107.4
104.4
100.0
78.2
85.7
100.0
107.3
108.9
103.5
107.8
94.8
101.5
100.0
104.6

103.8
98.3
103.1
111.1
104.8
111.8
114.2
106.9
88.6
88.2
100.0
112.8
119.7
115.6
120.4
119.7
118.0
117.6
124.2

97.1
94.8
96.4
94.7
95.7
107.4
105.8
101.2
81.6
85.7
100.0
108.5
111.4
107.0
109.1
100.8
107.1
104.0
108.2

95.6
93.8
95.2
91.6
93.8
105.8
103.6
100.4
80.0
85.4
100.0
107.2
109.0
104.6
105.8
95.0
103.8
99.8
103.4

101.9
98.1
100.0
104.5
101.9
112.7
112.7
103.8
86.6
86.6
100.0
112.7
119.1
114.6
119.7
119.1
117.8
117.2
123.6

1.7
4.1

.6
.1

.5
-.1

1.0
.4

.7
.1

.5

1.1
.5

1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table




ft

may differ from those previously published.
S O U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

98

Table 178. Metal stampings (SIC 3465, 3466, 3469): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1963-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per hour 1

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

87.5
84.0
88.8
87.1
87.7
91.0
89.4
86.4
93.8
97.6
97.1
96.3
93.2
97.2
100.0
101.3
102.3
99.9
101.4
98.1
104.7
110.4
104.7

87.5
83.1
88.2
85.6
87.8
90.0
89.2
88.4
95.2
97.6
96.5
97.7
96.3
98.0
100.0
100.8
102.4
102.3
103.5
103.5
107.6
112.1
106.5

87.8
89.1
92.4
96.3
87.0
96.6
90.5
77.6
86.9
97.5
100.6
90.0
79.6
93.2
100.0
103.5
101.4
88.6
91.4
76.7
91.7
102.1
96.8

90.2
87.3
92.4
88.9
87.3
93.5
90.6
87.8
93.2
97.8
98.2
94.0
88.8
96.3
100.0
99.7
98.3
93.7
96.8
94.0
104.8
110.7
106.3

90.4
86.5
92.0
87.3
87.1
92.8
90.1
89.0
94.1
98.0
97.5
94.3
90.6
96.6
100.0
99.0
97.6
94.8
97.9
98.4
108.0
112.6
108.4

89.6
91.3
94.4
97.8
88.5
96.8
93.3
82.5
89.3
96.6
101.9
92.6
81.3
94.7
100.0
103.4
101.7
89.1
91.7
76.9
91.7
102.5
97.1

1.0
1.8

1.2
1.4

.2
4.1

.7
3.6

.9
3.4

.1
4.1

Index:
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 6 3 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
S O U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 179. Metal stampings (SIC 3465, 3466, 3469): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1963-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 6 3 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

67.5
68.6
79.1
82.6
81.0
89.1
88.9
76.9
79.7
89.7
98.7
89.1
72.3
88.0
100.0
102.5
99.6
85.4
85.5
76.2
88.9
104.4
101.7

77.1
81.7
89.1
94.8
92.4
97.9
99.4
89.0
85.0
91.9
101.6
92.5
77.6
90.5
100.0
101.2
97.4
85.5
84.3
77.7
84.9
94.6
97.1

77.1
82.6
89.7
96.5
92.3
99.0
99.7
87.0
83.7
91.9
102.3
91.2
75.1
89.8
100.0
101.7
97.3
83.5
82.6
73.6
82.6
93.1
95.5

76.9
77.0
85.6
85.8
93.1
92.2
98.2
99.1
91.7
92.0
98.1
99.0
90.8
94.4
100.0
99.0
98.2
96.4
93.5
99.4
96.9
102.3
105.1

74.8
78.6
85.6
92.9
92.8
95.3
98.1
87.6
85.5
91.7
100.5
94.8
81.4
91.4
100.0
102.8
101.3
91.1
88.3
81.1
84.8
94.3
95.7

74.7
79.3
86.0
94.6
93.0
96.0
98.7
86.4
84.7
91.5
101.2
94.5
79.8
91.1
100.0
103.5
102.0
90.1
87.3
77.4
82.3
92.7
93.8

75.3
75.1
83.8
84.5
91.5
92.0
95.3
93.2
89.2
92.9
96.9
96.2
88.9
92.9
100.0
99.1
97.9
95.8
93.2
99.1
96.9
101.9
104.7

1.1
6.8

.1
4.9

5.4

.9
2.7

.4
3.2

.2
3.3

1.0
2.6

1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

99

Table 180. Automotive stampings (SIC 3465): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1972-85
(19 7 7 = 100)
Output per h o u r1

Output per em ployee 1

Y ear
All employees
Index:
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 7 2 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

95.9
94.8
94.9
94.1
96.4
100.0
101.9
102.9
101.6
105.0
106.7
122.3
127.9
120.1

97.3
95.5
97.3
96.9
97.3
100.0
102.0
104.1
105.9
108.5
111.3
123.5
127.9
120.5

88.6
90.5
81.9
79.5
90.5
100.0
101.3
96.1
80.7
86.5
84.5
115.3
127.1
118.0

95.9
95.7
90.3
87.3
94.4
100.0
98.9
96.6
91.5
96.5
99.7
123.0
129.7
122.9

97.5
96.5
91.4
88.5
94.9
100.0
98.6
96.6
93.6
98.4
103.0
124.5
130.1
123.7

87.5
91.5
84.3
81.0
91.9
100.0
101.1
96.2
81.1
86.7
84.8
115.3
127.4
118.3

2.2
4.6

2.2
3.5

2.2
10.8

2.2
7.8

2.3
7.2

2.2
10.8

1 The output measures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 181. Automotive stampings (SIC 3465): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1972-85
(1977 = 100)
Employees

Employee hours
Y ear

Output

All emnloyees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees
Index:
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 7 2 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

89.3
97.9
83.0
70.8
87.8
100.0
102.1
91.4
69.7
69.3
68.2
89.8
110.1
110.6

93.1
103.3
87.5
75.2
91.1
100.0
100.2
88.8
68.6
66.0
63.9
73.4
86.1
92.1

91.8
102.5
85.3
73.1
90.2
100.0
100.1
87.8
65.8
63.9
61.3
72.7
86.1
91.8

100.8
108.2
101.4
89.1
97.0
100.0
100.8
95.1
86.4
80.1
80.7
77.9
86.6
93.7

93.1
102.3
91.9
81.1
93.0
100.0
103.2
94.6
76.2
71.8
68.4
73.0
84.9
90.0

91.6
101.4
90.8
80.0
92.5
100.0
103.6
94.6
74.5
70.4
66.2
72.1
84.6
89.4

102.0
107.0
98.5
87.4
95.5
100.0
101.0
95.0
85.9
79.9
80.4
77.9
86.4
93.5

.5
15.2

-1 .7
10.1

-1 .7
11.2

-1 .7
3.9

-1 .7
6.9

-1 .8
7.5

-1 .7
3.9

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

100

Table 182. Metal stampings, not elsewhere classified (SIC 3469): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1972-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per h o u r1

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees
Index:
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 7 2 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

100.0
99.8
98.4
91.7
98.0
100.0
100.2
101.5
98.1
98.0
89.3
89.3
96.1
90.1

98.2
97.1
98.0
95.2
98.8
100.0
98.8
99.6
97.6
97.4
94.4
92.5
98.6
92.4

107.7
113.0
100.2
79.5
94.9
100.0
106.7
109.9
100.7
100.5
73.0
77.9
87.1
81.4

100.2
101.0
98.6
90.0
97.8
100.0
100.5
100.4
96.2
97.3
88.1
89.6
95.5
90.9

98.7
98.0
97.6
92.6
98.2
100.0
99 0
98.1
95.0
96.6
93.0
93.1
97.9
93.7

106 3
114.2
102.9
81.0
96.1
100.0
106 4
110.3
101.3
100.7
73.2
77.9
87.4
81 7

-.6
-.9

-.3
- .6

-2 .0
-2 .4

-.7
-.6

-.3
-.1

-2 .0
-2 .4

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 183. Metal stampings, not elsewhere classified (SIC 3469): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1972-85
(1977 = 100)
Employees

Employee hours
Y ear

Output
All employees

Index:
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 7 2 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

89.3
99.7
96.6
72.6
87.1
100.0
103.4
111.3
106.1
106.4
85.7
89.3
102.3
94.4

89.3
99.9
98.2
79.2
88.9
100.0
103.2
109.7
108.1
108.6
96.0
100.0
106.5
104.8

90.9
102.7
98.6
76.3
88.2
100.0
104.7
111.8
108.7
109.2
90.8
96.5
103.8
102.2

82.9
88.2
96.4
91.3
91.8
100.0
96.9
101.3
105.4
105.9
117.4
114.6
117.4
115.9

89.1
98.7
98.0
80.7
89.1
100.0
102.9
110.9
110.3
109.3
97.3
99.7
107.1
103.8

90.5
101.7
99.0
78.4
88.7
100.0
104.4
113.5
111.7
110.2
92.2
95.9
104.5
100.7

84.0
87.3
93.9
89.6
90.6
100.0
97.2
100.9
104.7
105.7
117.0
114.6
117.0
115.6

.6
-.6

1.2
.3

.9

2.6
1.8

1.3
-.1

.9
-.5

2.7
1.8

(2)

1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table




may differ from those previously published.
SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

101

Table 184. Valves and pipe fittings (SIC 3494): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per employee '

Output per h o u r1
Y ear
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

72.2
76.5
75.0
81.3
83.4
84.3
86.6
96.4
95.1
91.3
92.3
94.1
93.6
98.3
100.7
103.3
94.3
92.4
91.1
100.0
101.3
105.3
102.8
105.4
101.3
103.6
105.1
104.5

69.8
73.0
73.3
80.4
82.0
81.7
83.4
93.5
91.7
89.2
90.8
92.7
95.5
99.1
100.3
102.8
92.7
95.3
92.8
100.0
100.9
105.7
104.8
108.4
109.1
111.6
109.8
110.2

78.9
86.7
79.6
83.5
87.3
91.7
95.9
104.7
104.7
97.0
96.5
97.8
89.4
96.4
101.4
104.2
98.3
85.8
87.1
100.0
102.6
104.5
98.2
98.6
85.8
88.0
95.0
92.7

73.0
77.3
75.1
82.1
85.3
86.2
91.2
100.1
100.2
94.5
93.9
97.3
96.7
99.8
101.5
105.6
100.5
92.7
92.0
100.0
101.2
105.6
103.0
105.7
99.2
101.9
105.3
104.3

70.1
73.2
72.7
80.9
83.7
83.5
88.3
97.6
97.7
92.9
92.8
95.8
97.3
100.1
102.1
105.6
100.2
95.1
93.5
100.0
100.5
105.9
104.7
108.8
106.2
109.2
110.3
109.9

80.8
88.7
81.4
85.0
89.1
93.5
98.6
106.9
106.5
98.6
96.7
100.9
95.2
99.2
100.3
105.5
101.3
87.6
88.5
100.0
102.7
104.9
99.0
99.1
86.2
88.2
95.3
93.1

1.2
.2

1.6
.4

(3)
-.2

1.0
.3

1.5
.6

-.1
-.2

Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 4 -8 5 ..................................
1981-85 ..................................

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The outpul measures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
3 Less than .05 percent.

Table 185. Valves and pipe fittings (SIC 3494): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-85 ...................................
1981-85 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

51.6
54.0
51.8
57.7
63.8
63.8
68.7
81.0
85.0
82.9
82.5
86.1
86.7
86.5
88.1
98.4
99.5
87.3
86.9
100.0
105.2
113.9
111.1
115.2
105.2
94.6
103.5
100.2

71.5
70.6
69.1
71.0
76.5
75.7
79.3
84.0
89.4
90.8
89.4
91.5
92.6
88.0
87.5
95.3
105.5
94.5
95.4
100.0
103.8
108.2
108.1
109.3
103.9
91.3
98.5
95.9

73.9
74.0
70.7
71.8
77.8
78.1
82.4
86.6
92.7
92.9
90.9
92.9
90.8
87.3
87.8
95.7
107.3
91.6
93.6
100.0
104.3
107.8
106.0
106.3
96.4
84.8
94.3
90.9

65.4
62.3
65.1
69.1
73.1
69.6
71.6
77.4
81.2
85.5
85.5
88.0
97.0
89.7
86.9
94.4
101.2
101.8
99.8
100.0
102.5
109.0
113.1
116.8
122.6
107.5
109.0
108.1

70.7
69.9
69.0
70.3
74.8
74.0
75.3
80.9
84.8
87.7
87.9
88.5
89.7
86.7
86.8
93.2
99.0
94.2
94.5
100.0
104.0
107.9
107.9
109.0
106.0
92.8
98.3
96.1

73.6
73.8
71.3
71.3
76.2
76.4
77.8
83.0
87.0
89.2
88.9
89.9
89.1
86.4
86.3
93.2
99.3
91.8
92.9
100.0
104.7
107.6
106.1
105.9
99.1
86.6
93.8
91.2

63.9
60.9
63.6
67.9
71.6
68.2
69.7
75.8
79.8
84.1
85.3
85.3
91.1
87.2
87.8
93.3
98.2
99.7
98.2
100.0
102.4
108.6
112.2
116.2
122.0
107.3
108.6
107.6

2.5
-2 .9

1.4
-3.1

.9
-3 .3

2.6
-2 .7

1.5
-3 .2

1.0
-3 .5

2.7
-2 .7

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

102

Table 186. Fabricated pipe and fittings (SIC 3498): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-85
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Year
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

84.9
94.7
84.9
97.5
98.5
93.0
97.3
100.9
100.3
96.9
100.1
105.8
94.0
97.0
106.0
110.2
111.4
104.0
97.4
100.0
100.7
90.2
90.1
93.5
89.5
87.1
97.9
90.4

87.4
97.0
88.4
101.7
102.5
97.6
98.3
101.8
103.2
98.4
98.9
104.8
92.9
96.5
105.5
110.5
111.7
104.7
95.4
100.0
99.5
86.7
89.7
92.6
92.8
88.7
98.6
93.4

77.6
87.9
75.2
85.9
87.7
80.4
93.9
98.3
92.3
92.2
104.8
108.8
97.5
98.8
107.9
109.0
110.6
101.7
104.6
100.0
104.6
103.9
91.3
96.4
80.4
82.3
96.0
81.6

88.7
101.3
90.4
101.9
104.7
97.6
103.0
105.1
107.3
102.9
106.7
116.1
100.5
100.0
108.4
112.8
115.8
106.4
99.0
100.0
100.7
91.9
90.7
94.4
91.5
88.7
99.7
89.4

92.1
105.5
95.6
107.3
110.3
103.4
105.1
106.9
112.5
106.1
107.1
117.3
99.7
99.3
109.1
113.8
116.3
107.1
96.8
100.0
99.5
88.6
90.4
93.6
95.4
90.9
100.9
92.1

79.3
90.4
77.5
87.8
39.8
82.7
96.6
100.0
93.7
94.1
105.1
112.6
103.2
101.9
106.5
109.9
114.4
104.1
106.8
100.0
104.9
104.2
92.1
97.2
81.1
82.5
96.2
82.0

-.1
.8

.4
-1 .5

-.2
-.2

-.4
.2

.3
-1 .7

Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 5 ...................................
1981-85 ..................................

(3)
.2

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
2 Preliminary.
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
3 Less than .05 percent.

Table 187. Fabricated pipe and fittings (SiC 3498): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

47.8
47.8
43.3
42.6
44.9
45.0
51.1
57.4
62.0
66.4
69.6
67.9
57.7
58.5
67.3
77.6
85.8
78.1
89.5
100.0
107.9
107.2
103.0
107.2
106.1
92.2
89.1
79.6

56.3
50.5
51.0
43.7
45.6
48.4
52.5
56.9
61.8
68.5
69.5
64.2
61.4
60.3
63.5
70.4
77.0
75.1
91.9
100.0
107.2
118.8
114.3
114.7
118.5
105.8
91.0
88.1

54.7
49.3
49.0
41.9
43.8
46.1
52.0
56.4
60.1
67.5
70.4
64.8
62.1
60.6
63.8
70.2
76.8
74.6
93.8
100.0
108.4
123.6
114.8
115.8
114.3
103.9
90.4
85.2

61.6
54.4
57.6
49.6
51.2
56.0
54.4
58.4
67.2
72.0
66.4
62.4
59.2
59.2
62.4
71.2
77.6
76.8
85.6
100.0
103.2
103.2
112.8
111.2
132.0
112.0
92.8
97.6

53.9
47.2
47.9
41.8
42.9
46.1
49.6
54.6
57.8
64.5
65.2
58.5
57.4
58.5
62.1
68.8
74.1
73.4
90.4
100.0
107.1
116.7
113.5
113.5
116.0
103.9
89.4
89.0

51.9
45.3
45.3
39.7
40.7
43.5
48.6
53.7
55.1
62.6
65.0
57.9
57.9
58.9
61.7
68.2
73.8
72.9
92.5
100.0
108.4
121.0
114.0
114.5
111.2
101.4
88.3
86.4

60.3
52.9
55.9
48.5
50.0
54.4
52.9
57.4
66.2
70.6
66.2
60.3
55.9
57.4
63.2
70.6
75.0
75.0
83.8
100.0
102.9
102.9
111.8
110.3
130.9
111.8
92.6
97.1

3.5
-7 .4

3.5
-7 .6

3.7
-8.1

3.2
-5 .9

3.8
-7 .2

4.0
-7 .6

3.3
-5 .8

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

103

Table 188. Internal combustion engines, not elsewhere classified (SIC 3519): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per
employee, 1967-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per h o u r1

Output per em ployee 1

Y ear
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

70.3
72.2
75.4
76.4
81.8
87.9
91.0
93.9
86.7
92.8
100.0
105.1
98.2
94.3
93.2
82.0
86.8
99.8
102.7

68.8
71.4
74.6
76.6
82.5
86.9
88.9
91.9
89.5
94.3
100.0
105.7
99.2
98.0
96.6
93.9
100.3
104.1
109.7

75.1
74.7
77.8
75.7
79.9
90.9
97.8
100.9
79.1
88.7
100.0
103.5
95.3
84.6
84.5
59.4
61.9
88.7
85.9

71.7
73.8
77.2
75.8
79.9
88.6
93.4
96.8
84.3
91.9
100.0
105.5
96.2
93.6
93.2
76.8
82.1
98.9
99.8

70.7
72.4
76.2
75.4
79.4
87.2
91.4
94.9
86.0
92.7
100.0
106.3
96.5
97.1
96.6
85.7
93.2
103.1
105.6

74.6
77.8
79.9
76.8
81.5
92.6
99.7
102.4
80.1
89.9
100.0
103.4
95.7
85.3
84.8
59.6
61.9
89.0
86.4

1.6
4.0

2.2
3.6

<3)
4.4

1.3
4.0

1.9
3.7

-.2
4.5

Index:
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 6 7 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

1 The output m easures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the Industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
3 Less than .05 percent.

NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 189. Internal combustion engines, not elsewhere classified (SIC 3519): Indexes of output, employee hours, and
employees, 1967-85
(1977 = 100)
Employees

Employee hours
Year

Output
All employees

index:
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 ............................. ...........
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 ............................. ...........
1983 .........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 6 7 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

51.4
54.9
65.6
59.1
59.3
69.7
79.8
88.1
73.6
82.6
100.0
113.9
109.6
94.3
93.5
68.7
65.3
87.1
81.2

73.1
76.0
87.0
77.4
72.5
79.3
87.7
93.8
84.9
89.0
100.0
108.4
111.6
100.0
100.3
83.8
75.2
87.3
79.1

74.7
76.9
87.9
77.2
71.9
80.2
89.8
95.9
82.2
87.6
100.0
107.8
110.5
96.2
96.8
73.2
65.1
83.7
74.0

68.4
73.5
84.3
78.1
74.2
76.7
81.6
87.3
93.1
93.1
100.0
110.1
115.0
111.5
110.6
115.7
105.5
98.2
94.5

71.7
74.4
85.0
78.0
74.2
78.7
85.4
91.0
87.3
89.9
100.0
108.0
113.9
100.7
100.3
89.5
79.5
88.1
81.4

72.7
75.8
86.1
78.4
74.7
79.9
87.3
92.8
85.6
89.1
100.0
107.2
113.6
97.1
96.8
80.2
70.1
84.5
76.9

68.9
70.6
82.1
77.0
72.8
75.3
80.0
86.0
91.9
91.9
100.0
110.2
114.5
110.6
110.2
115.3
105.5
97.9
94.0

2.5
- .4

.9
-4 .2

.3
-4 .0

2.5
-4 .7

1.2
-4 .2

.6
-4 .0

2.6
-4 .7

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

104

Table 190. Farm and garden machinery (SIC 352): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-85
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Year

Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

101.1
100.0

Nonproduction workers

65.5
70.3
58.6
67.7
64.8
74.3
82.0
84.8
92.7
88.8
82.1
75.9
77.3
81.0
99.9
109.2
118.3
105.2
103.1

100.0

65.1
65.1
60.5
62.9
65.1
66.6
70.2
72.2
76.7
76.8
76.7
73.8
75.7
82.4
90.1
94,8
98.2
97.7

Production workers

64.9
63.4
61.3
61.3
65.1
64.3
66.9
68.6
72.3
73.3
75.0
73.2
75.2
83.0
87.0
90.7
92.6
95.3
100.5

All employees

100.0
101.2

98.1
98.8
96.3

98.9
100.5
93.3
95.1
94.9
95.3
105.2
101.7

106.5
105.6
109.9
107.5

2.1

2.4

1.8

66.2

Nonproduction workers

66.8
71.4
59.2
67.7
64.6

64.5
63.9
67.7
67.8
71.1
72.8

74.1

82.0
84.5
92.0
88.1
85.6

77.6
75.6
77.0
74.7
76.2
84.3
90.0
93.2
96.9
99.0
101.4

102.2
100.9

102.2
100.0

100.0

77.9

78.4
82.4
101.8
111.3
120.1
106.4
104.3
100.0
101.2
105.8
86.1
83.4
72.8
74.8
94.0
88.3

98.9
101.9
92.5
93.2
92.7
93.7
104.9
101.7

88.0

109.6
107.7

1.9
3.0

3.8

105.5
85.5
83.1
72.5
74.7
93.7

100.1

Production workers

66.0
66.1

67.5
63.0
64.9
66.8
69.4
73.7
75.6
80.9
78.5
79.1
75.5
76.8
83.8
92.9
97.4

1.2

2.4

All employees

2.1

1.2

2.7

3.8

98.2

100.6
95.1
97.2
102.9

103.1

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
2 Preliminary.
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 191. Farm and garden machinery (SIC 352): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

49.4
52.5
42.9
45.7
48.8
53.7
60.1
64.0
76.4
73.6
70.8
65.8
65.1
66.2
77.1
93.5
106.9
100.0
98.9
100.0
93.8
111.6
94.3
88.4
70,0
62 6
68.6
60.C

75.9
80.7
70.9
72.7
75.0
80.6
85.6
88.6
99.6
95.8
92.3
89.1
86.0
80.3
85.6
98.6
108.9
102.4
97.8
100.0
94.8
111.1
101.1
93.0
73.8
65.7
65.2
59.3

76 1
82.8
70.0
74.5
75.0
83.5
89.9
93.3
105.6
100.4
94.4
89.9
86.6
79.8
88.6
103.1
115.4
104.9
98.4
100.0
95.6
112.9
97.9
88.3
65.7
59.3
62.4
56.1

75.4
74.7
73.2
67.5
75.3
72.3
73.3
75.5
82.4
82.9
86.2
86.7
84.2
81.7
77.2
85.6
90.4
95.1
95.9
100.0
92.7
105.8
110.3
106.4
96.6
83.8
73.2
68.5

74.6
77.8
68.1
70.4
73.0
77.4
81.5
84.7
94.4
93.7
89.5
87.1
84.8
79.0
83.0
96.0
104.6
99.1
96.8
100.0
94.8
109.5
101.9
94.9
75.5
66.8
65.4
59.3

74.8
79.4
66.5
71.5
72.1
79.2
84.5
87.9
98.5
97.4
92.0
88.1
85.4
78.5
85.7
100.3
110.3
101.0
97.5
100.0
95.5
110.9
99.2
90.9
68.0
60.7
62.6
56.0

2.1
-7 .6

(2)
-9 .7

-.3
-9.1

.9
-1 0 .9

.2
-1 0 .3

-1 0 .0

1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

74.0
73.5
72.5
67.5
75.5
72.5
73.3
75.7
83.0
83.5
82.7
84.5
83.0
80.3
75.7
84.0
89.0
94.0
94.8
100.0
92.7
105.5
109.5
106.0
96.2
83.7
73.0
68.3

0

.9
-1 0 .9

may differ from those previously published.
SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

105

Table 192. Farm machinery and equipment (SIC 3523): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1972-85
(1977 = 100)
Output per h o u r1

Output per em ployee '

Y ear
All employees
Index:
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 ......... ...............................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 7 2 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

90.2
95.6
97.3
98.8
102.2
100.0
97.4
98.3
91.3
94.1
92.6
92.0
104.6
98.8

86.3
91.1
91.0
95.6
101.3
100.0
96.7
96.7
93.8
99.2
105.3
104.5
112.4
108.4

103.3
111.5
120.5
109.2
104.7
100.0
99.6
103.2
84.6
82.3
69.1
68.8
87.3
78.9

93.1
98.2
101.7
102.1
102.8
100.0
97.8
99.9
90.4
92.0
89.6
89.8
104.0
98.2

89.3
93.6
95.7
99.3
101.7
100.0
97.3
98.7
92.4
95.9
100.2
101.1
111.6
107.5

105.4
113.8
122.6
110.5
106.1
100.0
99.6
103.6
85.2
82.6
69.5
88.8
87.7
79.4

.1
2.2

1.5
2.5

-3 .5
1.5

-.3
2.8

1.0
3.4

-3 .6
1.5

1 The output m easures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 193. Farm machinery and equipment (SIC 3523): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1972-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees
All em ployees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees
Index:
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 1 ......................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 7 2 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

74.2
92.1
102.7
101.1
99.7
100.0
90.2
106.8
91.8
87.6
65.5
56.1
59.7
50.2

82.3
96.3
105.6
102.3
97.6
100.0
92.6
108.7
100.6
93.1
70.7
61.0
57.1
50.8

86.0
101.1
112.9
105.7
98.4
100.0
93.3
110.5
97.9
88.3
62.2
53.7
53.1
46.3

71.8
82.6
85.2
92.6
95.2
100.0
90.6
103.5
108.5
106.5
94.8
81.5
68.4
63.6

79.7
93.8
101.0
99.0
97.0
100.0
92.2
106.9
101.6
95.2
73.1
62.5
57.4
51.1

83.1
98.4
107.3
101.8
98.0
100.0
92.7
108.2
99.4
91.3
65.4
55.5
53.5
46.7

70.4
80.9
83.8
91.5
94.0
100.0
90.6
103.1
107.7
106.0
94.3
81.5
68.1
63.2

-4.1
-1 1 .4

-4 .2
-1 3 .3

-5 .5
-1 3 .5

- .6
-1 2 .7

-3 .8
-1 3 .8

-5 .0
-1 4 .3

-.5
-1 2 .7

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

106

Table 194. Lawn and garden equipment (SIC 3524): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1972-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Y ear
All employees
Index:
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 7 2 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

88.8
89.8
103.0
89.6
94.3
100.0
108.1
113.5
106.5
101.0
106.9
111.9
111.4
115.7

90.8
88.2
102.1
92.7
94.8
100.0
107.4
112.0
113.2
105.7
112.8
112.8
107.7
111.7

83.3
95.2
105.8
81.5
92.5
100.0
110.2
118.1
90.3
88.9
91.9
109.1
124.0
129.6

91.0
92.6
104.5
92.3
98.0
100.0
105.7
113.3
106.8
101.1
110.6
113.2
112.3
118.3

93.6
91.4
103.8
96.2
99.6
100.0
104.4
111.9
113.6
106.1
119 0
114.6
109.0
114.9

84.1
96.6
106.6
82.3
93.5
100.0
109.7
117.7
90.8
88.4
91.7
109.1
123.5
130.0

1.9
3.2

1.8
.6

2.1
11.1

1.8
3.3

1.7
.7

2.0
11.3

1 The output measures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 195. Lawn and garden equipment (SIC 3524): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1972-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1 S 7 2 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-85 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

96 1
102.5
134.9
92.3
93.5
100.0
118.7
144.1
111.2
93.8
101.0
109.1
133.6
135.3

108.2
114.1
131.0
103.0
99.2
100.0
109.8
127.0
104.4
92.9
94.5
97.5
119.9
116.9

105.8
116.2
132.1
99.6
98.6
100.0
110.5
128.7
98.2
88.7
89.5
96.7
124.0
121.1

115.4
107.7
127.5
113.2
101.1
100.0
107.7
122.0
123.1
105.5
109.9
100.0
107.7
104.4

105.6
110.7
129.1
100.0
95.4
100.0
112.3
127.2
104.1
92.8
91.3
96.4
119.0
114.4

102.7
112.2
129.9
95.9
93.9
100.0
113.7
128.8
97.9
88.4
84.9
95.2
122.6
117.8

114.3
106.1
126.5
112.2
100.0
100.0
108.2
122.4
122.4
106.1
110.2
100.0
108.2
104.1

1.5
10.7

-.4
7.2

-.3
10.0

-.6
-.4

-.3
7.1

-.2
9.9

-.5
-.6

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

107

Table 196. Construction machinery and equipment (SIC 3531): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per h o u r1

Output per em ployee 1

Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

74.2
69.6
62.3
68.2
74.1
75.0
77.9
80.0
81.2
82.5
82.2
83.0
83.4
85.6
91.9
94.0
100.2
93.9
96.3
100.0
105.9
100.3
97.4
96.1
88.9
88.2
102.6
104.1
105.3

77.0
68.4
63.7
68.5
72.8
72.2
73.8
75.4
75.1
79.1
80.3
79.9
82.0
85.3
89.0
90.0
96.0
92.3
97.8
100.0
104.4
101.3
102.1
99.8
105.9
103.8
110.7
114.3
116.6

67.8
73.5
59.3
67.5
77.8
83.4
91.4
95.1
104.1
93.0
87.5
92.6
87.3
86.6
100.5
106.2
112.9
98.2
92.3
100.0
109.9
98.0
86.8
87.6
62.8
63.2
86.3
84.5
84.0

73.5
73.6
63.4
69.4
76.3
78.3
82.2
84.3
87.1
84.1
84.9
86.8
85.9
87.1
95.9
99.1
105.3
96.9
96.5
100.0
108.1
97.8
96.1
95.2
82.1
82.3
102.1
103.4
105.5

75.4
73.2
65.0
70.2
76.0
76.6
79.2
80.8
82.1
81.3
82.6
84.0
84.8
86.6
93.5
95.9
102.0
959
97.7
100.0
107.4
97.6
100.0
98.3
93.3
93.5
109.9
113.4
117.0

69.1
74.5
59.8
67.4
77.5
83.0
91.4
94.7
103.0
92.2
91.0
94.7
88.5
88.1
102.2
108.2
114.6
99.3
93.3
100.0
109.9
98.3
87.4
88.0
63.0
63.2
86.5
84.7
84.2

1.5
3.1

2.0
3.1

.4
2.9

1.3
4.1

1.6
4.7

.4
2.8

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
2 Preliminary.
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 197. Construction machinery and equipment (SIC 3531): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output
All employees

Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 ' .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

45.1
53.4
45.6
42.5
48.7
52.7
61.6
65.9
68.0
72.1
75.2
77.2
71.7
68.0
82.6
96.4
106.8
93.7
89.9
100.0
117.6
110.3
97.7
89.4
61.0
48.7
63.0
60.9
57.7

60.8
76.7
73.2
62.3
65.7
70.3
79.1
82.4
83.7
87.4
91.5
93.0
86.0
79.4
89.9
102.6
106.6
99.8
93.4
100.0
111.1
110.0
100.3
93.0
68.6
55.2
61.4
58.5
54.8

58.6
78.1
71.6
62.0
66.9
73.0
83.5
87.4
90.6
91.2
93.7
96.6
87.4
79.7
92.8
107.1
111.2
101.5
91.9
100.0
112.6
108.9
95.7
89.6
57.6
46.9
56.9
53.3
49.5

66.5
72.7
76.9
63.0
62.6
63.2
67.4
69.3
65.3
77.5
85.9
83.4
82.1
78.5
82.2
90.8
94.6
95.4
97.4
100.0
107.0
112.6
112.5
102.0
97.2
77.1
73.0
72.1
68.7

61.4
72.6
71.9
61.2
63.8
67.3
74.9
78.2
78.1
85.7
88.6
88.9
83.5
78.1
86.1
97.3
101.4
96.7
93.2
100.0
108.8
112.8
101.7
93.9
74.3
59.2
61.7
58.9
54.7

59.8
73.0
70.2
60.5
64.1
68.8
77.8
81.6
82.8
88.7
91.0
91.9
84.6
78.5
88.3
100.5
104.7
97.7
92.0
100.0
109.5
113.0
97.7
90.9
65.4
52.1
57.3
53.7
49.3

65.3
71.7
76.2
63.1
62.8
63.5
67.4
69.6
66.0
78.2
82.6
81.5
81.0
77.2
80.8
89.1
93.2
94.4
96.4
100.0
107.0
112.2
111.8
101.6
96.8
77.1
72.8
71.9
68.5

1.6
-5 .4

.1
-8 .3

- .4
-8 .2

1.2
-8 .0

.3
-9.1

(2)
-9 .7

1.2
-8 .0

1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table




Employees
Nonproduction
workers

may differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

108

Table 198. Mining machinery and equipment (SIC 3532): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1972-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Year
All employees
Index:
1972 .........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 .......................................
1976 ........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 .....................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 7 2 -8 5 ...................................
.............................
1981-85

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

103.3
108.7
115.2
111.5
95.1
100.0
93.9
95.6
98.6
97.8
91.0
91.3
98.5
101.4

100.9
104.5
108.3
104.8
90.3
100.0
96.0
97.7
102.8
102.5
104.4
109.8
110.2
115.9

108.1
117.8
131.7
127.4
105.9
100.0
90.0
91.7
91.5
89.7
73.1
68.8
81.5
81.6

102.7
109.8
116.4
112.8
97.1
100.0
92.1
94.9
97.4
97.4
87.0
87.4
96.1
97.9

98.9
105.1
108.8
105.6
92.3
100.0
93.2
96.5
100.3
102.1
96.7
102.6
105.9
109.6

110.3
119.6
133.4
128.8
107.4
100.0
90.1
92.0
92.4
89.9
73.4
68.6
81.9
81.9

-1 .0
1.5

.7
3.0

-4 .0
-.8

-1 .4
1.1

.2
2.4

-4.1
-.8

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

’ The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 199. Mining machinery and equipment (SIC 3532): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1972-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1972 ........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 7 2 -8 5 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 5 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

69.6
78.7
93.8
105.6
98.7
100.0
90.9
90.3
92.4
87.5
68.1
47.0
51.7
50.2

67.4
72.4
81.4
94.7
103.8
100.0
96.8
94.5
93.7
89.5
74.8
51.5
52.5
49.5

69.0
75.3
86.6
100.8
109.3
100.0
94.7
92.4
89.9
85.4
65.2
42.8
46.9
43.3

64.4
66.8
71.2
82.9
93.2
100.0
101.0
98.5
101.0
97.6
93.2
68.3
63.4
61.5

67.8
71.7
80.6
93.6
101.6
100.0
98.7
95.2
94.9
89.8
78.3
53.8
53.8
51.3

70.4
74.9
86.2
100.0
106.9
100.0
97.5
93.6
92.1
85.7
70.4
45.8
48.8
45.8

63.1
65.8
70.3
82.0
91.9
100.0
100.9
98.2
100.0
97.3
92.8
68.5
63.1
61.3

-4.1
-1 2 .9

-3.1
-1 4 .3

-4 .8
-1 5 .5

-.1
-1 2 .3

-2 .7
-1 3 .9

-4 .3
-1 5 .0

(2)
-1 2 .3

1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

109

Table 200. Oillfield machinery and equipment (SIC 3533): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1967-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per h o u r1

Output per em ployee 1

Year
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

86.3
87.2
82.1
86.4
90.7
99.7
105.7
121.4
107.9
100.7
100.0
109.3
105.6
104.0
104.7
98.4
91.8
87.5
80.1
77.4

86.6
86.3
80.6
87.2
95.1
103.1
107.3
120.4
105.0
100.9
100.0
107.2
104.6
102.7
101.1
99.7
97.9
92.7
86.1
90.2

85.4
89.1
86.0
84.7
82.0
92.8
102.2
123.5
115.0
100.6
100.0
114.8
107.9
107.3
114.5
95.6
79.9
77.4
69.1
58.4

85.4
87.8
83.0
84.7
88.7
99.3
108.0
124.2
109.8
99.3
100.0
111.4
105.7
105.8
108.9
96.6
87.1
86.0
79.1
74.0

85.8
86 3
81.1
84 7
91.8
102.1
110.3
124.0
107.3
98.4
100.0
109.9
104.6
105.1
106.4
97.1
90.9
90.7
84.9
84.6

84.5
91.0
87.1
84 9
82.7
94.0
103 1
124.5
1156
100 9
100.0
114.8
107.9
107.3
114.5
95.6
79.9
77.4
69.1
58.4

-.1
-6 .0

.3
-3 .0

-.8
-1 1 .7

- .2
-7 .0

.1
-4 .3

-.9
-1 1 .7

Index:
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 6 7 -8 6 ...................................
1981-86 ...................................

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output m easures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 201. Oilfield machinery and equipment (SIC 3533): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1967-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 6 7 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

49.1
52.5
54.5
54.7
52.5
59.7
70.6
92.5
98.4
94.5
100.0
124.1
128.8
147.4
191.9
157.2
85.7
80.9
75.0
51.8

56.9
60.2
66.4
63.3
57.9
59.9
66.8
76.2
91.2
93.8
100.0
113.5
122.0
141.7
183.2
159.7
93.4
92.5
93.6
66.9

56.7
60.8
67.6
62.7
55.2
57.9
65.8
76.8
93.7
93.7
100.0
115.8
123.1
143.5
189.9
157.7
87.5
87.3
87.1
57.4

57.5
58.9
63.4
64.6
64.0
64.3
69.1
74.9
85.6
93.9
100.0
108.1
119.4
137.4
167.6
164.4
107.2
104.5
108.6
88.7

57.5
59.8
65.7
64.6
59.2
60.1
65.4
74.5
89.6
95.2
100.0
111.4
121.9
139.3
176.2
162.7
98.4
94.1
94.8
70.0

57.2
60.8
67.2
64.6
57.2
58.5
64.0
74.6
91.7
96.0
100.0
112.9
123.1
140.3
180.3
161.9
94.3
89.2
88.3
61.2

58.1
57.7
62.6
64.4
63.5
63.5
68.5
74.3
85.1
93.7
100.0
108.1
119.4
137.4
167.6
164.4
107.2
104.5
108.6
88.7

3.8
-2 2 .3

3.8
-1 7 .3

3.5
-1 9 .9

4.6
-1 1 .9

4.0
-1 6 .4

3.6
-1 8 .8

4.6
-1 1 .9

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

110

Table 202. Machine tools (SIC 3541, 3542): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r'
Y ear
All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ..................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

71.5
88.0
84.7
84.5
88.5
90.1
99.9
101.4
111.7
101.8
97.9
100.1
91.7
87.9
98.0
107.3
109.4
103.0
98.4
100.0
102.6
102.0
98.8
96.5
88.5
83.5
94.0
92.0
95.2

68.6
80.9
77.6
78.8
81.5
84.0
90.9
91.7
99.8
92.2
92.4
95.2
89.8
91.6
97.0
101.7
102.7
101.7
97.4
100.0
99.3
97.8
96.5
95.9
99.0
94.5
102.9
100.0
103.4

78.1
106.6
103.1
98.6
106.8
105.3
124.4
128.6
146.3
128.4
111.4
111.5
96.0
81.6
100.2
120.5
125.4
106.0
100.4
100.0
109.9
111.5
103.7
97.8
73.2
67.7
80.5
79.5
82.1

69.5
87.8
84.8
82.5
89.0
93.0
106.0
108.3
120.0
107.1
102.1
103.7
93.0
86.3
99.1
111.3
112.7
102.2
96.5
100.0
104.0
103.2
98.7
96.0
84.0
78.5
89.9
88.9
91.6

64.9
79.4
77.0
75.6
81.4
87.4
98.0
99.5
109.4
98.4
95.5
98.5
90.7
88.4
97.4
105.8
105.9
99.5
93.7
100.0
100.9
98.8
95.6
94.7
91.2
86.1
95.9
94.7
97.8

79.5
108.2
104.0
98.5
106.5
105.0
124.2
128.4
145.3
127.6
116.0
114.3
97.2
83.1
102.1
122.8
127.4
107.2
101.6
100.0
110.0
112.0
104.5
98.3
73.6
67.7
80.8
79.9
82.4

.3
.5

.9
1.4

-1 .0
-1 .3

.1
.2

.7
1.1

-1 .0
-1 .3

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 203. Machine tools (SIC 3541, 3542): ' Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
r
1

M Q77— 1

Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ..................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

63.0
79.2
82.8
77.4
88.0
93.0
112.3
125.3
156.1
149.9
137.6
137.8
112.0
81.4
91.2
116.3
127.4
109.1
93.9
100.0
111.9
119.2
118.2
113.4
78.5
55.0
63.2
64.6
63.6

88.1
90.0
97.8
91.6
99.4
103.2
112.4
123.6
139.8
147.3
140.5
137.7
122.1
92.6
93.1
108.4
116.5
105.9
95.4
100.0
109.1
116.9
119.6
117.5
88.7
65.9
67.2
70.2
66.8

91.9
97.9
106.7
98.2
108.0
110.7
123.6
136.6
156.4
162.6
148.9
144.7
124.7
88.9
94.0
114.3
124.1
107.3
96.4
100.0
112.7
121.9
122.5
118.2
79.3
58.2
61.4
64.6
61.5

80.7
74.3
80.3
78.5
82.4
88.3
90.3
97.4
106.7
116.7
123.5
123.6
116.7
99.8
91.0
96.5
101.6
102.9
93.5
100.0
101.8
106.9
114.0
116.0
107.3
81.3
78.5
81.3
77.5

90.6
90.2
97.6
93.8
98.9
100.0
105.9
115.7
130.1
139.9
134.8
132.9
120.4
94.3
92.0
104.5
113.0
106.7
97.3
100.0
107.6
115.5
119.8
118.1
93.5
70.1
70.3
72.7
69.4

97.0
99.8
107.6
102.4
108.1
106.4
114.6
125.9
142.7
152.4
144.1
139.9
123.5
92.1
93.6
109.9
120.3
109.6
100.2
100.0
110.9
120.6
123.6
119.7
86.1
63.9
65.9
68.2
65.0

79.2
73.2
79.6
78.6
82.6
88.6
90.4
97.6
107.4
117.5
118.6
120.6
115.2
98.0
89.3
94.7
100.0
101.8
92.4
100.0
101.7
106.4
113.1
115.4
106.7
81.2
78.2
80.9
77.2

-.7
-9.1

-1 .0
-9 .5

-1 .6
-1 0 .4

.3
-7 .9

-.8
-9 .3

-1 .4
-10.1

.3
-7 .9

.,^ ®
'nary'
,
.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

Ill

Table 204. Metal cutting machine tools (SIC 3541): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per h o u r1

Output per em ployee 1

Y ear
All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 .......................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

67.6
83.2
81.5
80.0
83.2
84.3
94.9
98.7
107.8
98.0
95.7
97.5
89.5
85.5
94.8
105.5
108.9
102.9
97.3
100.0
103.6
103.0
100.6
98.9
89.2
81.1
93.3
96.4
104.7

63.9
78.7
76.6
76.5
78.3
78.3
86.0
88.4
95.7
87.5
89.0
91.7
88.1
89.3
94.3
99.8
101.2
100.7
96.4
100.0
98.7
97.4
96.4
96.3
99.4
92.2
103.6
106.4
116.0

75.8
93.0
92.3
87.2
94.2
97.9
117.4
125.7
141.3
126.2
111.0
110.2
91.9
78.7
95.8
117.8
126.5
107.3
99.0
100.0
114.2
115.2
109.7
103.9
74.9
66.2
78.6
81.9
88.7

65.3
83.5
82.0
78.7
83.8
86.0
99.7
104.8
115.3
102.7
98.6
100.1
89.4
82.8
95.0
107.8
112.0
101.8
94.7
100.0
105.1
105.1
101.6
99.2
84.2
76.3
88.2
92.2
99.9

60.0
78.3
76.6
74.5
78.8
80.4
91.5
95.6
104.5
92.9
90.8
93.9
87.4
84.5
93.7
101.9
103.9
98.4
91.9
100.0
100.4
99.6
97.0
96.5
90.8
84.0
95.0
99.3
107.6

77.3
94.5
93.1
87.2
94.0
97.6
117.5
125.3
140.0
125.2
115.7
113.0
93.3
80.3
97.6
119.9
128.6
108.4
100.1
100.0
114.2
115.7
110.5
104.2
75.1
66.3
78.9
82.3
89.0

.7
1.9

1.3
3.6

-.5
-1 .0

.5
1.3

1.0
2.7

-.5
-1 .0

NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 205. Metal cutting machine tools (SIC 3541): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ...................................
1981-86 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

58.1
74.2
81.0
72.7
83.0
88.4
109.2
124.8
154.7
150.6
139.8
139.0
107.2
75.2
83.9
108.6
122.3
107.5
92.5
100.0
113.6
122.0
124.4
123.9
82.5
55.2
62.9
66.3
66.6

85.9
89.2
99.4
90.9
99.7
104.9
115.1
126.4
143.5
153.6
146.1
142.5
119.8
88.0
88.5
102.9
112.3
104.5
95.1
100.0
109.7
118.5
123.6
125.3
92.5
68.1
67.4
68.8
63.6

90.9
94.3
105.7
95.0
106.0
112.9
127.0
141.1
161.6
172.1
157.0
151.5
121.7
84.2
89.0
108.8
120.8
106.7
96.0
100.0
115.1
125.2
129.0
128.6
83.0
59.9
60.7
62.3
57.4

76.6
79.8
87.8
83.4
88.1
90.3
93.0
99.3
109.5
119.3
125.9
126.1
116.7
95.5
87.6
92.2
96.7
100.2
93.4
100.0
99.5
105.9
113.4
119.3
110.2
83.4
80.0
81.0
75.1

89.0
88.9
98.8
92.4
99.0
102.8
109.5
119.1
134.2
146.6
141.8
138.9
119.9
90.8
88.3
100.7
109.2
105.6
97.7
100.0
108.1
116.1
122.4
124.9
98.0
72.3
71.3
71.9
66.7

96.9
94.8
105.8
97.6
105.3
109.9
119.3
130.5
148.1
162.1
154.0
148.1
122.7
89.0
89.5
106.6
117.7
109.2
100.6
100.0
113.1
122.5
128.2
128.4
90.9
65.7
66.2
66.8
61.9

75.2
78.5
87.0
83.4
88.3
90.6
92.9
99.6
110.5
120.3
120.8
123.0
114.9
93.7
86.0
90.6
95.1
99.2
92.4
100.0
99.5
105.4
112.6
118.9
109.9
83.3
79.7
80.6
74.8

-.4
-9 .8

-1 .0
-1 1 .5

-1 .6
-1 3 .0

.1
-8 .9

-.8
-1 1 .0

-1 .3
-1 2 .2

.1
-9 .0

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

112

Table 206. Metal forming machine tools (SIC 3542): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per hour '
Year
All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change.
1958-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

83.6
102.8
94.5
98.0
105.7
108.4
115.5
109.3
123.1
112.7
103.9
107.0
98.5
95.7
107.5
114.1
111.9
104.0
101.7
100.0
100.3
99.2
93.5
89.4
85.0
87.4
93.7
79.5
72.6

83.2
89.0
81.4
86.6
92.5
101.3
105.8
100.5
111.3
105.0
100.7
103.9
95.4
99.3
106.0
109.2
108.0
104.5
100.5
100.0
100.6
98.1
95.7
92.8
94.8
97.4
98.7
83.6
76.9

84.5
160.4
152.0
141.4
158.8
129.8
147.6
137.9
164.4
136.2
112.4
115.4
107.0
88.3
111.2
127.4
122.4
102.8
104.8
100.0
99.7
101.9
88.8
82.4
68.4
70.5
83.8
71.4
64.2

82.5
101.1
94.1
93.9
105.8
115.3
126.0
118.2
134.2
120.0
112.0
113.7
103.5
96.7
110.3
122.2
116.5
104.1
101.6
100.0
101.2
98.4
90.5
86.0
81.4
81.9
91.8
78.4
71.9

80.9
85.5
79.5
80.8
91.3
109.5
117.7
110.6
123.8
113.9
109.3
111.5
101.0
100.1
108.7
118.6
113.0
103.7
99.3
100.0
101.9
96.6
90.9
87.6
89.1
88.8
95.6
82.1
75.8

86.4
164.2
153.5
142.7
158.8
129.7
147.4
138.2
162.9
135.4
117.8
118.7
109.1
90.1
113.6
130.6
124.6
104.5
106.6
100.0
99.7
102.7
89.7
82.7
68.8
70.5
84.5
71.8
64.8

-.7
-3 .3

(3)
-3 .7

-2 .5
-2 .7

-.9
-2 .5

-.3
-2 .5

-2 .6
-2 .6

1 The output measures underlying the output per em ployee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
3 Less than .05 percent.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 207. Metal forming machine tools (SIC 3542): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .......................................
1967 .........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 .......................................
1985 .........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1981-86 .................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

78.4
95.1
88.9
91.9
104.3
107.5
122.2
127.1
160.8
147.9
131.7
134.3
126.2
99.6
112.1
139.2
142.5
114.1
98.1
100.0
107.6
112.1
102.7
87.1
67.0
52.9
62.3
58.6
54.6

93.8
92.5
94.1
93.8
98.7
99.2
105.8
116.3
130.6
131.2
126.8
125.5
128.1
104.1
104.3
122.0
127.4
109.7
96.5
100.0
107.3
113.0
109.8
97.4
78.8
60.5
66.5
73.7
75.2

94.2
106.8
109.2
106.1
112.8
106.1
115.5
126.5
144.5
140.8
130.8
129.3
132.3
100.3
105.8
127.5
132.0
109.2
97.6
100.0
107.0
114.3
107.3
93.9
70.7
54.3
63.1
70.1
71.0

92.8
59.3
58.5
65.0
65.7
82.8
82.8
92.2
97.8
108.6
117.2
116.4
117.9
112.8
100.8
109.3
116.4
111.0
93.6
100.0
107.9
110.0
115.7
105.7
97.9
75.0
74.3
82.1
85.0

95.0
94.1
94.5
97.9
98.6
93.2
97.0
107.5
119.8
123.2
117.6
118.1
121.9
103.0
101.6
113.9
122.3
109.6
96.6
100.0
106.3
113.9
113.5
101.3
82.3
64.6
67.9
74.7
75.9

96.9
111.2
111.8
113.8
114.3
98.2
103.8
114.9
129.9
129.9
120.5
120.5
124.9
99.5
103.1
117.4
126.1
110.0
98.8
100.0
105.6
116.1
113.0
99.4
75.2
59.6
65.2
71.4
72.0

90.7
57.9
57.9
64.4
65.7
82.9
8 2 .9 .
92.0
98.7
109.2
111.8
113.1
115.7
110.5
98.7
106.6
114.4
109.2
92.0
100.0
107.9
109.2
114.5
105.3
97.4
75.0
73.7
81.6
84.2

-1 .7
-7.1

-1 .0
-3 .9

-1 .7
-3 .6

.8
-4 .5

-.8
-4 .7

-1 .5
-4 .7

.8
-4 .7

Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

113

T a b le 20 8.

M a c h in e to o l a c c e s s o rie s (S IC 35 4 5 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 6 3 -8 5

(1977=100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r 1
*
Year
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

80.0
81 2
82.0
82.0
85.2
83.0
88.9
82.0
92.4
100.1
105.7
104.2
100.9
98.8
100.0
103.6
100.8
99.2
102.0
89.1
83.0
95.4
92.7

78.2
79.2
78.5
77.1
81.1
81.8
87.4
82.3
96.2
101.0
102.7
101.5
102.8
100.1
100.0
103.0
99.4
99.2
103.7
97.2
88.2
96.7
94.3

85.3
86.7
92.8
98.7
97.9
86.6
93.3
81.4
83.7
97.8
115.0
112.4
96.2
95.6
100.0
105.0
104.7
98.9
97.8
73.2
72.0
92.4
88.9

79.4
81.2
85.4
87.4
87.5
83.9
90.1
79.9
88.2
100.1
109.0
105.7
96.2
97.2
100.0
105.0
102.0
98.3
100.0
83.6
80.4
95.8
92.2

77.5
79.4
83.0
83.8
84.2
82.2
88.4
79.1
90.0
100.6
106.3
102.9
96.0
97.7
100.0
105.0
100.8
98.1
100.9
88.7
84.5
97.4
93.7

84.5
85.8
91.9
97.6
97.0
88.6
94.4
81.7
84.3
99.0
116.1
113.4
96.7
95.9
100.0
105.0
104.7
98.9
97.8
73.2
72.0
92.4
88.9

.8
-1.2

1.1
-1.9

-.1
.4

.6
-.3

.9
-.5

-.1
.4

Index:
1963 .....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 .....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ...................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ...................................
1983 ....................................
1984 .....................................
1985 8 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-85...............................
198 1-8 5...............................

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
8 Preliminary.

Table 209. Machine tool accessories (SIC 3545): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1963-85
(1977= 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees
Index:
1963 .....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 .....................................
1967 .....................................
1968 .......... ..........................
1969 .....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 1 ..................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-85...............................
1981-85...............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

62.9
68.5
78.8
90.7
94.7
87.5
91.6
74.4
68.3
80.7
103.0
108.6
90.9
90.7
100.0
113.1
119.1
118.9
117.5
84.6
69.0
89.6
87.8

78.6
84.4
96.1
110.6
111.2
105.4
103.0
90.7
73.9
80.6
97.4
104.2
90.1
91.8
100.0
109.2
118.1
119.9
115.2
94.9
83.1
93.9
94.7

80.4
86.5
100.4
117.7
116.8
107.0
104.8
90.4
71.0
79.9
100.3
107.0
88.4
90.6
100.0
109.8
119.8
119.8
113.3
87.0
78.2
92.7
93.1

73.7
79.0
84.9
91.9
96.7
101.0
98.2
91.4
81.6
82.5
89.6
96.6
94.5
94.9
100.0
107.7
113.7
120.2
120.2
115.5
95.8
97.0
98.8

79.2
84.4
92.3
103.8
108.2
104.3
101.7
93.1
77.4
80.6
94.5
102.7
94.5
93.3
100.0
107.7
116.8
120.9
117.5
101.2
85.8
93.5
95.2

81.2
86.3
94.9
108.2
112.5
106.5
103.6
94.0
75.9
80.2
96.9
105.5
94.7
92.8
100.0
107.7
118.1
121.2
116.4
95.4
81.7
92.0
93.7

74.4
79.8
85.7
92.9
97.6
98.8
97.0
91.1
81.0
81.5
88.7
95.8
94.0
94.6
100.0
107.7
113.7
120.2
120.2
115.5
95.8
97.0
98.8

1.2
-5.1

.4
-3.9

.1
-3.2

1.3
-5.5

.6
-4.9

.3
-4.6

1.3
-5.5

1 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
may differ from those previously published.
Statistics.




114

T a b le 2 1 0 .
1 9 5 8 -8 5

P u m p s a n d c o m p re s s o rs (S IC 3 5 6 1 , 35 6 3 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e ,

(1977=100)
Output per h o u r1

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

64.5
68.8
66.6
69.2
73.6
78.2
79.4
81.0
81.2
82.5
82.3
86.3
85.8
87.1
91.1
97.9
96.7
91.4
96.8
100.0
102.8
102.9
100.2
102.4
95.9
100.2
106.1
108.3

64.5
66.9
65.2
68.3
72.8
75.5
76.2
77.2
76.5
78.9
82.0
84.5
85.8
89.8
90.7
95.9
93.6
92.2
97.8
100.0
102.5
102.5
101.4
106.2
106.9
114.9
115.6
118.5

64.5
72.5
69.0
70.7
75.2
84.0
85.6
88.8
91.1
89.6
82.8
89.6
85.9
82.8
91.9
101.4
102.5
89.9
95.1
100.0
103.3
103.6
98.1
96.2
81.1
81.8
92.8
94.1

65.1
69.3
67.5
70.1
74.9
80.2
82.5
83.8
85.2
85.1
85.1
88.8
87.2
87.4
92 4
99.1
96.6
90.7
96.9
100.0
102.1
102.0
99.4
101.2
93.6
96.5
104.2
106.3

64.7
67.1
66.2
69.9
75.0
78.5
80.8
81.1
82.4
83.0
84.3
87.1
87.3
89.4
91.6
96.7
92.6
90.6
97.4
100.0
101.4
100.7
99.8
104.2
103.0
108.2
112.5
115.2

65.7
73.6
69.7
70.8
75.0
83.5
85.5
88.7
90.4
88.8
86.2
91.8
87.1
84.4
93.5
103.3
104.1
90.9
96.2
100.0
103.3
104.0
98.7
96.5
81 4
81.8
93.0
94.4

1.8
2.2

2.2
3.0

1.1
.9

1.6
2.1

1.9
2.9

1.1
.9

Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85...............................
1981-85...............................

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
2 Preliminary.
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 211. Pumps and compressors (SIC 3561, 3563): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
(1977=100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ...................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 .................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ...................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 .....................................
1979 .....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 .....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85...............................
1981-85...............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

41.1
43.4
44.6
43.9
48.6
51.8
59.0
65.3
70.6
70.1
68.3
74.0
74.8
69.4
76.2
87.8
94.0
87.1
91.4
100.0
107.3
114.9
113.2
111.5
98.7
81.8
93.6
92.3

63.7
63.1
67.0
63.4
66.0
66.2
74.3
80.6
86.9
85.0
83.0
85.7
87.2
79.7
83.6
89.7
97.2
95.3
94.4
100.0
104.4
111.7
113.0
108.9
102.9
81.6
88.2
85.2

63.7
64.9
68.4
64.3
66.8
68.6
77.4
84.6
92.3
88.9
83.3
87.6
87.2
77.3
84.0
91.6
100.4
94.5
93.5
100.0
104.7
112.1
111.6
105.0
92.3
71.2
81.0
77.9

63.7
59.9
64.6
62.1
64.6
61.7
68.9
73.5
77.5
78.2
82.5
82.6
87.1
83.8
82.9
86.6
91.7
96.9
96.1
100.0
103.9
110.9
115.4
115.9
121.7
100.0
100.9
98.1

63.1
62.6
66.1
62.6
64.9
64.6
71.5
77.9
82.9
82.4
80.3
83.3
85.8
79.4
82.5
88.6
97.3
96.0
94.3
100.0
105.1
112.7
113.9
110.2
105.5
84.8
89.8
86.8

63.5
64.7
67.4
62.8
64.8
66.0
73.0
80.5
85.7
84.5
81.0
85.0
85.7
77.6
83.2
90.8
101.5
96.1
93.8
100.0
105.8
114.1
113.4
107.0
95.8
75.6
83.2
80.1

62.6
59.0
64.0
62.0
64.8
62.0
69.0
73.6
78.1
78.9
79.2
80.6
85.9
82.2
81.5
85.0
90.3
95.8
95.0
100.0
103.9
110.5
114.7
115.5
121.3
100.0
100.6
97 8

3.5
-4.2

1.7
-6.2

1.3
-7.0

2.5
-5.1

1.9
-6.2

1.6
-6.9

25
-5.1

,
NOTE: Because of penodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

115

T a b le 2 1 2 .
1 9 7 2 -8 5

P u m p s a n d p u m p in g e q u ip m e n t (S IC 3 5 6 1 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e ,

(1977 = 100)
Output per h o u r 1

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

90.8
94.1
93.6
89.9
92.7
100.0
101.4
101.2
97.7
101.7
93.1
97.7
104.4
104.8

89.9
92.0
90.6
92.2
94.6
100.0
101.5
101.2
99.5
106.2
104.5
111.5
113.5
114.3

92.5
98.6
99.6
85.8
89.6
100.0
101.2
101.3
94.4
94.4
77.3
79.5
90.9
90.9

91.9
96.7
93.5
89.2
93.2
100.0
100.2
99.2
96.2
99.9
90.1
94.1
102.3
103.1

90.8
94.8
89.7
90.7
94.8
100.0
99.6
97.8
96.8
103.3
99.7
105.3
110.3
111.5

94.0
100.3
101.1
86.7
90.5
100.0
101.1
101.6
95.0
94.6
77.5
79.5
91.0
91.1

.9
1.8

1.9
2.3

-.8
.9

.5
1.9

1.5
2.6

-1.0
.9

Index:
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 .....................................
1979 .....................................
1980 .....................................
1981 .....................................
1982 .....................................
1983 .....................................
1984 .....................................
1985 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-85 ...............................
198 1-8 5 ...............................

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 213. Pumps and pumping equipment (SIC 3561): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1972-85
(1977= 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 .....................................
1979 .....................................
1980 .....................................
1981 .....................................
1982 .....................................
1983 .....................................
1984 .....................................
1985 1 ..................................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-85...............................
1981-85...............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

81.0
91.7
91.9
90.4
92.9
100.0
106.4
112.1
113.1
114.2
97.9
81.2
93.4
91.1

89.2
97.4
98.2
100.6
100.2
100.0
104.9
110.8
115.8
112.3
105.2
83.1
89.5
86.9

90.1
99.7
101.4
98.0
98.2
100.0
104.8
110.8
113.7
107.5
93.7
72.8
82.3
79.7

87.6
93.0
92.3
105.4
103.7
100.0
105.1
110.7
119.8
121.0
126.6
102.1
102.8
100.2

88.1
94.8
98.3
101.4
99.7
100.0
106.2
113.0
117.6
114.3
108.6
86.3
91.3
88.4

89.2
96.7
102.5
99.7
98.0
100.0
106.8
114.6
116.8
110.6
98.2
77.1
84.7
81.7

86.2
91.4
90.9
104.3
102.6
100.0
105.2
110.3
119.0
120.7
126.3
102.2
102.6
100.0

.6
-4.9

-.3
-6.5

-1.3
-7.0

1.4
-5.7

(2)
-6.6

-.9
-7.3

1.5
-5.7

’ Preliminary.

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
Census and the Bureau Of Labor Statistics.

2 Less than .05 percent.




116

T a b le 2 1 4 .

B all a n d ro lle r b e a rin g s (S IC 35 62): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 5 8 -8 6

(1977=100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r 1
Year
Nonproduction workers

52.7
66.0
64.7
66.5
72.4
73.5
79.3
90.0
90.1
86.7
89.8
87.8
85.5
88.6
98.6
103.1
104.3
97.5
99.0
100.0
105.8
105.8
95.4
94.3
83.3
86.3
94.4
93.2
93.5

51.9
62.1
62.4
64.8
69.6
72.4
76.9
86.3
86.3
84.1
89.2
86.5
86.3
90.6
97.4
100.5
102.0
97.9
98.7
100.0
105.3
103.6
93.4
93.2
86.9
88.4
94.9
94.3
95.0

55.6
84.2
73.9
72.8
83.9
77.5
88.5
105.0
106.3
96.8
91.5
92.2
82.4
82.3
102.8
112.8
113.4
96.1
99.7
100.0
107.9
114.2
103.2
97.9
73.2
79.3
93.4
89.5
88.9

1.4
1.1

1.6
1.2

.8
.8

Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ...............................
198 1-8 6...............................

Nonproduction workers

48.7
61.3
57.7
61.6
68.6
70.3
76.1
88.6
90.4
85.6
89.9
87.6
80.7
86.4
99.0
104.8
101.7
94.9
98.0
100.0
103.3
104.1
92.9
92.8
82.1
88.4
98.6
96.1
97.0

56.2
85.3
74.3
72.6
83.0
76.7
87.6
103.9
105.1
95.8
93.5
93.4
82.6
82.9
104.1
113.9
114.2
96.5
99.9
100.0
107.9
114.2
103.2
97.9
73.2
79.3
93.4
89.5
88.9

1.5
2.0

Production workers

Production workers

50.3
65.7
60.9
63.9
71.6
71.7
78.6
91.9
93.4
87.9
90.7
88.9
81.2
85.4
100.2
106.8
104.4
95.3
98.5
100.0
104.4
106.3
95.1
94.0
79.8
86.2
97.4
94.5
95.0

All employees

1.8
2.3

.8
.8

All employees

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Anti Friction Bearing
Manufacturers' Association, the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 215. Ball and roller bearings (SIC 3562): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977=100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 .....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 .....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 .....................................
1967 .....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ...................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 .....................................
1986 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86.............................
198 1-8 6 ...............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

39.9
62.5
57.3
55.5
66.5
68.5
78.2
95.2
106.8
100.2
99.3
102.0
88.9
81.0
96.2
111.3
113.4
93.6
94.6
100.0
107.0
112.5
100.0
97.9
69.8
67.2
84.8
79.2
75.3

75.7
94.7
88.6
83.4
91.9
93.2
98.6
105.8
118.5
115.6
110.6
116.2
104.0
91.4
97.6
108.0
108.7
96.0
95.6
100.0
101.1
106.3
104.8
103.8
83.8
77.9
89.8
85.0
80.5

76.9
100.7
91.8
85.6
95.6
94.6
101.7
110.3
123.8
119.2
111.3
117.9
103.0
89.4
98.8
110.8
111.2
95.6
95.8
100.0
101.6
108.6
107.1
105.0
80.3
76.0
89.4
84.0
79.3

71.8
74.2
77.5
76.2
79.3
88.4
88.4
90.7
100.5
103.5
108.5
110.6
107.9
98.4
93.6
98.7
100.0
97.4
94.9
100.0
99.2
98.5
96.9
100.0
95.4
84.7
90.8
88.5
84.7

79.4
95.1
94.1
86.8
92.9
95.6
99.5
103.6
114.3
114.0
109.5
114.7
109.5
94.8
96.0
104.2
108.6
98.2
96.0
100.0
102.5
105.8
105.1
104.2
87.5
78.0
87.1
83.8
79.3

82.0
102.0
99.3
90.1
97.0
97.4
102.7
107.5
118.1
117.0
110.5
116.5
110.1
93.8
97.2
106.2
111.5
98.6
96.5
100.0
103.6
108.1
107.6
105.5
85.0
76.0
86.0
82.4
77.6

71.0
73.3
77.1
76.4
80.1
89.3
89.3
91.6
101.6
104.6
106.2
109.2
107.6
97.7
92.4
97.7
99.3
97.0
94.7
100.0
99.2
98.5
96.9
100.0
95.4
84.7
90.8
88.5
84.7

1.3
-2.0

-.2
-3.1

-.3
-3.1

.5
-2.8

-.3
-3.9

-.5
-4.2

.5
-2.8

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Anti Friction
Bearing Manufacturers’ Association, the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics.

117

T a b le 2 1 6 . A ir a n d g a s c o m p re s s o rs (S IC 3 5 6 3 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 7 2 -8 5
(1977=100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r 1
Year
All employees
Index:
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 .....................................
1979 .....................................
1980 .....................................
1981 .....................................
1982 .....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 .....................................
1985 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-85...............................
198 1-8 5...............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

92.1
106.8
103.0
94.7
106.4
100.0
105.5
106.0
105.5
106.8
102.0
105.2
109.7
111.9

93.7
107.4
100.0
92.3
105.9
100.0
104.4
104.7
105.8
109.7
112.4
122.1
119.9
123.5

89.7
106.1
108.1
98.8
107.3
100.0
107.3
108.1
105.1
102.5
88.8
86.1
96.3
97.2

93.2
104.2
103.0
94.4
105.5
100.0
106.1
107.2
106.5
107.0
101.0
101.1
108.1
109.3

94.3
101.7
98.7
91.0
103.6
100.0
105.2
106.4
106.8
109.9
110.8
114.5
117.2
118.8

91.5
108.4
110.2
99.9
108.6
100.0
107.4
108.5
106.1
103.0
89.3
86.2
96.9
97.5

.8
1.7

1.8
3.1

-.6
-.3

.7
1.1

1.7
2.1

-.8
-.3

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
2 Preliminary.
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 217. Air and gas compressors (SIC 3563): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1972-85
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 .....................................
1979 .....................................
1980 .....................................
1981 .....................................
1982 .....................................
1983 .....................................
1984 .....................................
1985 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-85...............................
1981-85...............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

66.7
79.8
98.2
80.5
88.4
100.0
109.1
120.3
113.5
109.4
100.4
82.8
93.9
91.5

72.4
74.7
95.3
85.0
83.1
100.0
103.4
113.5
107.6
102.4
98.4
78.7
85.6
81.8

71.2
74.3
98.2
87.2
83.5
100.0
104.5
114.9
107.3
99.7
89.3
67.8
78.3
74.1

74.4
75.2
90.8
81.5
82.4
100.0
101.7
111.3
108.0
106.7
113.0
96.2
97.5
94.1

71.6
76.6
95.3
85.3
83.8
100.0
102.8
112.2
106.6
102.2
99.4
81.9
86.9
83.7

70.7
78.5
99.5
88.5
85.3
100.0
103.7
113.1
106.3
99.5
90.6
72.3
80.1
77.0

72.9
73.6
89.1
80.6
81.4
100.0
101.6
110.9
107.0
106.2
112.4
96.1
96.9
93.8

1.7
-4.2

.8
-5.7

-.2
-7.0

2.3
-3.9

1.0
-5.2

-.1
-6.2

2.4
-3.9

Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
may differ from those previously published.




118

T a b le 21 8.

R e frig e ra tio n a n d h e a tin g e q u ip m e n t (S IC 35 85): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e ,

1 9 6 7 -8 5
(1977=100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r 1
Year
All employees
Index:
1967 ....................................
1968 ...................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-85 ...............................
198 1-8 5...............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

77.5
82.3
87.6
88.4
94.8
103.0
103.0
106.9
89.9
94.1
100.0
100.2
101.4
93.8
99.4
100.1
100.9
105.4
103.7

76.8
82.5
85.6
87.1
93.6
99.5
100.0
105.7
93.8
93.4
100.0
98.4
99.6
96.2
99.6
103.4
102.1
102.7
102.4

79.1
81.8
93.0
91.3
97.4
112.9
111.1
109.7
81.6
96.0
100.0
104.6
106.1
88.8
99.1
93.2
98.1
112.8
106.9

78.4
83.2
89.4
87.9
94.3
105.9
105.1
106.8
88.3
95.5
100.0
102.5
101.9
93.4
99.2
98.8
102.0
108.7
105.2

78.4
82.9
87.5
86.5
92.7
102.7
102.5
105.2
91.2
95.2
100.0
101.6
100.3
95.4
99.3
101.2
103.5
107.1
104.5

78.2
83.6
94.1
91.7
98.2
114.3
112.2
110.7
82.1
96.3
100.0
104.6
106.1
88.8
99.1
93.2
98.1
112.8
106.9

1.1
1.4

1.2
.5

.9
3.5

1.1
2.2

1.2
1.6

.8
3.5

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 219. Refrigeration and heating equipment (SIC 3585): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1967-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees
Index:
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 .....................................
1980 .....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ' .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-85...............................
198 1-8 5...............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

53.6
60.8
73.0
73.7
75.9
99.0
112.5
105.9
69.7
87.5
100.0
110.3
111.5
92.8
100.5
89.2
93.7
110.5
107.9

69.2
73.9
83.3
83.4
80.1
96.1
109.2
99.1
77.5
93.0
100.0
110.1
110.0
98.9
101.1
89.1
92.9
104.8
104.1

69.8
73.7
85.3
84.6
81.1
99.5
112.5
100.2
74.3
93.7
100.0
112.1
112.0
96.5
100.9
86.3
91.8
107.6
105.4

67.8
74.3
78.5
80.7
77.9
87.7
101.3
96.5
85.4
91.1
100.0
105.4
105.1
104.5
101.4
95.7
95.5
98.0
100.9

68.4
73.1
81.7
83.8
80.5
93.5
107.0
99.2
78.9
91.6
100.0
107.6
109.4
99.4
101.3
90.3
91.9
101.7
102.6

68.4
73.3
83.4
85.2
81.9
96.4
109.8
100.7
76.4
91.9
100.0
108.6
111.2
97.3
101.2
88.1
90.5
103.2
103.3

68.5
72.7
77.6
80.4
77.3
86.6
100.3
95.7
84.9
90.9
100.0
105.4
105.1
104.5
101.4
95.7
95.5
98.0
100.9

2.8
3.6

1.7
2.2

1.6
3.1

1.9
.1

1.7
1.5

1.6
2.0

1.9
.1

1 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
may differ from those previously published.
Statistics.




119

T a b le 2 2 0 .

T r a n s fo rm e rs (S IC 36 12): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 6 3 -8 6

(1977 = 100)
Output per h o u r 1

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

67.5
73.3
79.9
75.8
75.5
80.2
88.6
89.1
94.4
98.1
96.9
92.7
89.3
90.1
100.0
103.3
108.4
110.6
106.9
99.6
99.1
97.6
99.3
101.9

67.6
71.9
77.0
72.9
73.0
77.5
85.1
84.9
90.1
94.1
91.5
88.5
92.0
92.0
100.0
102.0
105.8
111.3
106.0
99.3
99.7
93.9
95.4
95.4

67.1
77.0
87.4
83.7
82.1
87.1
97.7
100.6
105.8
109.1
112.4
104.2
83.9
85.9
100.0
106.6
114.8
109.2
109.2
100.1
97.8
107.4
109.7
121.2

67.1
73.7
81.1
77.9
76.7
80.6
89.6
89.6
92.8
97.2
96.9
91.9
86.6
89.1
100.0
103.7
108.6
110.1
107.1
96.9
99.1
99.9
101.7
105.8

68.5
73.7
80.0
76.9
75.9
79.1
87.3
86.1
88.6
93.6
92.1
88.3
88.6
91.0
100.0
102.5
106.1
110.5
106.3
95.7
99.7
97.0
98.7
100.4

64.2
73.7
83.7
80.1
78.6
84.0
95.3
99.2
104.4
107.2
110.2
101.7
82.4
85.2
100.0
106.6
114.8
109.2
109.2
100.1
97.8
107.4
109.7
121.2

1.6
-.8

1.7
-2.0

1.5
2.6

1.6
.3

1.6
-.6

1.7
2.6

Index:
1963 .....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 .....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-86...............................
198 1-8 6...............................

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census e i d the Bureau of
Preliminary.
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau
of Labor Statistics.

2

Table 221. Transformers (SIC 3612): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1963-86
(1977= 100)
Employees

Employee hours
Year

Output

Index:
1963 .....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 .....................................
1979 .....................................
1980 .....................................
1981 .....................................
1982 .....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 .....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-88...............................
1981-86...............................

51.9
59.0
69.6
74.1
79.5
85.5
92.3
96.7
97.8
104.5
115.7
113.0
85.5
86.2
100.0
106.6
112.6
110.5
108.5
90.8
89.3
99.3
99.5
100.1

76.9
80.5
87.1
97.7
105.3
106.6
104.2
108.5
103.6
106.5
119.4
121.9
95.7
95.7
100.0
103.2
103.9
99.9
101.5
91.2
90.1
101.7
100.2
98.2

76.8
82.1
90.4
101.7
108.9
110.3
108.5
113.9
108.5
111.1
126.5
127.7
92.9
93.7
100.0
104.5
106.4
99.3
102.4
91.4
89.6
105.7
104.3
104.9

1.9
-.1

.3
.7

.3
2.0

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

77.3
80.1
85.8
95.1
103.7
106.1
103.0
107.9
105.4
107.5
119.4
122.9
98.7
96.7
100.0
102.8
103.7
100.4
101.3
93.7
90.1
99.4
97.8
94.6

75.8
80.0
87.0
96.3
104.8
108.1
105.7
112.3
110.4
111.7
125.6
128.0
96.5
94.7
100.0
104.0
106.1
100.0
102.1
94.9
89.6
102.4
100.8
99.7

80.8
80.1
83.2
92.5
101.2
101.8
96.9
97.5
93.7
97.5
105.0
111.1
103.7
101.2
100.0
100.0
98.1
101.2
99.4
90.7
91.3
92.5
90.7
82.6

.4
-2.6

Production workers

All employees

77.3
76.6
79.6
88.5
96.8
98.2
94.5
96.1
92.4
95.8
102.9
108.4
101.9
100.3
100.0
100.0
98.1
101.2
99.4
90.7
91.3
92.5
90.7
82.6

All employees

.3
-.3

.3
.6

.2
-2.6

Nonproduction
workers

SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau
of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.

120

T a b le 2 2 2 . S w itc h g e a r a n d s w itc h b o a rd a p p a ra tu s (S IC 36 13): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e ,
1 9 6 3 -8 6
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r 1
Year

Index:
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ...................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-86 ...............................
1981-86...............................

Nonproduction workers

70.9
70.2
74.4
78.7
79.1
79.1
85.9
83.3
89.2
96.3
101.5
97.1
93.4
95.3
100.0
102.0
102.8
103.2
99.5
101.3
106.1
107.4
110.9
121.2

71.3
72.4
74.3
76.8
77.3
78.8
85.2
84.1
90.7
97.1
100.7
96.2
99.2
99.1
100.0
102.3
104.3
107.9
103.4
109.6
113.5
115.3
117.8
129.7

69.8
64.8
74.5
84.5
84.1
79.7
88.3
81.0
85.6
94.4
103.5
99.8
80.8
86.5
100.0
101.2
98.8
92.6
90.3
84.1
90.5
91.0
96.0
103.3

2.0
3.7

2.3
4.0

1.2
3.1

Nonproduction workers

75.1
78.9
79.5
82.9
81.6
82.7
89.4
87.5
93.8
99.2
104.5
98.0
95.9
96.4
100.0
102.6
105.4
109.2
104.4
107.2
112.3
116.4
118.1
129.5

68.7
64.0
73.1
82.8
82.3
80.1
89.1
82.7
87.3
95.8
104.3
99.6
80.7
87.1
100.0
101.3
99.3
93.3
90.9
84.6
90.5
91.5
96.4
103.8

1.8
3.8

Production workers

Production workers

73.2
74.1
77.6
82.8
81.8
82.0
89.3
86.1
92.0
98.2
104.5
98.4
91.1
93.6
100.0
102.2
103.6
104.2
100.3
99.9
105.3
108.2
111.2
121.2

All employees

2.0
4.1

1.3
3.1

All employees

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 223. Switchgear and switchboard apparatus (SIC 3613): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1963-86
(1977=100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 .....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-86 ...............................
1981-86 ...............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

54.9
57.5
62.1
74.4
77.8
73.7
83.8
80.6
83.8
94.4
108.0
100.1
81.9
84.9
100.0
107.5
110.9
105.6
99.6
92.3
91.9
95.2
90.5
92.7

77.4
81.9
83.5
94.5
98.4
93.2
97.5
96.8
93.9
98.0
106.4
103.1
87.7
89.1
100.0
105.4
107.9
102.3
100.1
91.1
86.6
88.6
81.6
76.5

77.0
79.4
83.6
96.9
100.6
93.5
98.4
95.8
92.4
97.2
107.2
104.1
82.6
85.7
100.0
105.1
106.3
97.9
96.3
84.2
81.0
82.6
76.8
71.5

78.6
88.8
83.4
88.0
92.5
92.5
94.9
99.5
97.9
100.0
104.3
100.3
101.3
98.1
100.0
106.2
112.2
114.1
110.3
109.7
101.6
104.6
94.3
89.7

75.0
77.6
80.0
89.9
95.1
89.9
93.8
93.6
91.1
96.1
103.3
101.7
89.9
90.7
100.0
105.2
107.0
101.3
99.3
92.4
87.3
88.0
81.4
76.5

73.1
72.9
78.1
89.8
95.4
89.1
93.7
92.1
89.3
95.2
103.3
102.1
85.4
88.1
100.0
104.8
105.2
96.7
95.4
86.1
81.8
81.8
76.6
71.6

79.9
89.9
84.9
89.9
94.5
92.0
94.0
97.5
96.0
98.5
103.5
100.5
101.5
97.5
100.0
106.1
111.7
113.2
109.6
109.1
101.5
104.1
93.9
89.3

2.0
-1.1

(2)
-4.6

-.3
-4.9

.8
-4.1

.3
-4.7

.1
-5.0

.8
-4.1

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

1 Preliminary.
may differ from those previously published.
2 Less than .05 percent.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.




121

T a b le 2 2 4 . M o to r s a n d g e n e r a to r s (S IC 36 2 1 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e , 1 9 5 8 -8 5
(1977 = 100)
Output per hour 1

Output per employee ’

Year
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

52.1
60.5
62.0
66.3
73.7
74.7
82.5
88.3
90.3
87.1
89.2
89.8
87.8
94.8
95.7
100.7
100.1
93.0
95.9
100.0
99.3
99.3
96.7
100.4
102.4
104.3
107.9
110.5

57.2
64.1
66.5
71.3
77.4
77.1
85.2
88.6
88.3
87.1
89.8
90.2
89.5
96.9
95.5
98.0
98.8
96.3
94.6
100.0
98.5
99.6
100.2
102.3
109.4
107.6
109.8
113.9

39.9
50.6
50.3
53.3
63.4
67.3
74.3
87.1
97.6
86.8
87.3
88.1
82.2
87.8
96.7
110.2
104.6
83.3
100.6
100.0
102.0
98.1
86.4
94.2
84.0
94.4
101.6
100.0

52.0
61.1
61.4
65.9
74.3
76.3
84.8
90.6
91.1
88.4
91.7
92.6
88.3
96.3
97.9
101.6
99.9
92.7
95.1
100.0
98.8
99.6
96.7
99.8
98.8
101.8
107.9
109.4

57.4
65.3
66.2
71.4
79.0
80.2
89.1
92.3
89.9
89.6
93.0
93.8
89.8
98.5
97.9
99.2
98.7
96.1
93.4
100.0
97.9
100.0
100.1
101.6
104.4
104.3
110.0
112.5

39.7
50.4
49.8
52.5
62.2
66.0
73.3
85.5
95.4
84.9
87.6
88.9
84.0
89.5
98.1
110.8
104.1
83.1
101.0
100.0
101.9
98.4
87.0
94.5
84.3
94.5
101.8
100.5

2.5
2.5

2.3
2.2

2.9
3.1

2.4
2.8

2.2
2.6

2.9
3.2

Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 .....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 .....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 .....................................
1967 .....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 .....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 .....................................
1981 .....................................
1982 .....................................
1983 .....................................
1984 .....................................
1985 2 ..................................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-85...............................
198 1-8 5...............................

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 225. Motors and generators (SIC 3621): indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 .....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 .....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 .....................................
1967 .....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 .....................................
1979 .....................................
1980 .....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 .....................................
1983 ...... ..............................
1984 .....................................
1985 1 ..................................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-85................................
1981-85...............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

50.2
62.8
64.5
65.2
72.1
74.2
83.0
95.3
105.6
102.9
103.5
104.6
94.7
93.1
91.2
105.5
103.3
78.4
89.0
100.0
108.2
110.1
93.9
96.2
85.8
84.5
93.8
87.6

96.3
103.8
104.0
98.3
97.8
99.3
100.6
107.9
116.9
118.2
116.0
116.5
107.9
98.2
95.3
104.8
103.2
84.3
92.8
100.0
109.0
110.9
97.1
95.8
83.8
81.0
86.9
79.3

87.7
98.0
97.0
91.5
93.1
96.2
97.4
107.6
119.6
118.2
115.2
116.0
105.8
96.1
95.5
107.7
104.6
81.4
94.1
100.0
109.9
110.5
93.7
94.0
78.4
78.5
85.4
76.9

125.9
124.1
128.3
122.3
113.7
110.3
111.7
109.4
108.2
118.5
118.5
118.7
115.2
106.0
94.3
95.7
98.8
94.1
88.5
100.0
106.1
112.2
108.7
102.1
102.1
89.5
92.3
87.6

96.5
102.8
105.0
99.0
97.0
97.2
97.9
105.2
115.9
116.4
112.9
112.9
107.2
96.7
93.2
103.8
103.4
84.6
93.6
100.0
109.5
110.5
97.1
96.4
86.8
83.0
86.9
80.1

87.4
96.1
97.5
91.3
91.3
92.5
93.2
103.3
117.5
114.9
111.3
111.5
105.5
94.5
93.2
106.4
104.7
81.6
95.3
100.0
110.5
110.1
93.8
94.7
82.2
81.0
85.3
77.9

126.5
124.7
129.6
124.2
115.9
112.4
113.3
111.5
110.7
121.2
118.2
117.7
112.8
104.0
93.0
95.2
99.2
94.3
88.1
100.0
106.2
111.9
107.9
101.8
101.8
89.4
92.1
87.2

1.6
-1.0

-.8
-3.4

-.7
-3.1

-1.2
-4.0

-.8
-3.6

-.6
-3.5

-1.3
-4.0

’ Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

122

Table 226. Major household appliances (SIC 3631, 3632, 3633, 3639): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per h o u r1

Output per employee 1

Y ear
All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ..................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

38.5
42.0
43.8
46.6
50.8
57.9
60.4
62.2
62.4
66.0
69.5
71.9
70.2
80.1
87.9
89.5
89.6
93.6
96.6
100.0
100.4
108.7
105.8
107.6
108.6
117.6
123.6
127.2
135.7

40.2
42.8
45.2
48.4
51.5
57.7
59.9
61.9
61.2
65.7
68.6
71.9
70.5
80.7
87.2
88.5
90.3
96.0
99.1
100.0
100.3
108.9
106.9
107.8
112.7
117.3
120.8
126.7
133.7

32.5
38.9
38.5
40.3
48.0
59.1
62.5
63.4
67.8
67.7
73.7
71.8
69.1
77.5
91.0
94.1
87.0
84.6
88.0
100.0
101.0
107.7
101.5
107.2
93.8
118.7
137.4
129.8
144.6

39.5
42.9
43.9
47.6
52.9
59.6
62.6
65.0
64.0
66.5
71.3
72.6
71.6
81.7
89.5
90.7
88.4
91.7
95.9
100.0
98.1
107.7
103.6
105.4
104.5
119.3
125.7
127.8
138.3

41.8
44.2
45.5
50.1
54.5
60.0
62.8
65.7
63.4
66.7
70.7
72.8
71.9
82.4
89.0
89.8
89.0
93.6
98.0
100.0
97.5
107.7
104.1
105.0
107.5
119.5
123.2
127.3
136.6

32.4
38 7
38.1
39.6
47.1
58 0
61.5
62.2
66.2
66.2
74.0
72.4
70.4
79.2
92.4
94.7
86.7
84.5
88.5
1000
100.9
107.9
102.0
107.4
93.9
1185
137 8
130.1
145 1

4.2
4.9

4.1
4.3

4.5
7.8

4.1
5.9

3.9
5.4

4.6
7.8

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
2 Preliminary.
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 227. Major household appliances (SIC 3631, 3632, 3633, 3639): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

40.6
47.4
47.1
46.6
52.3
58.0
64.4
69.8
73.5
75.4
83.6
83.6
80.6
76.2
88.4
96.2
86.2
79.5
88.5
100.0
104.1
106.7
97.1
97.1
83.4
98.2
110.5
105.8
117.1

105.5
112.8
107.6
99.9
103.0
100.1
106.6
112.2
117.8
114.2
120.3
116.3
114.8
95.1
100.6
107.5
96.2
84.9
91.6
100.0
103.7
98.2
91.8
90.2
76.8
83.5
89.4
83.2
86.3

100.9
110.7
104.1
96.2
101.6
100.6
107.6
112.7
120.1
114.8
121.9
116.2
114.4
94.4
101.4
108.7
95.5
82.8
89.3
100.0
103.8
98.0
90.8
90.1
74.0
83.7
91.5
83.5
87.6

124.9
121.8
122.4
115.7
109.0
98.1
103.0
110.1
108.4
111.4
113.4
116.5
116.7
98.3
97.1
102.2
99.1
94.0
100.6
100.0
103.1
99.1
95.7
90.6
88.9
82.7
80.4
81.5
81.0

102.7
110.4
107.4
98.0
98.8
97.3
102.9
107.4
114.9
113.3
117.3
115.2
112.6
93.3
98.8
106.1
97.5
86.7
92.3
100.0
106.1
99.1
93.7
92.1
79.8
82.3
87.9
82 8
84.7

97.2
107.3
103.5
93.1
95.9
96.7
102.5
106.2
115.9
113.0
118.3
114.9
112.1
92.5
99.3
107.1
96.8
84.9
90.3
100.0
106.8
99.1
93.3
92.5
77.6
82.2
89.7
83 1
85.7

125.4
122.4
123.6
117.8
111.0
100.0
104.7
112.2
111.0
113.9
112.9
115.5
114.5
96.2
95.7
101.6
99.4
94.1
100.0
100.0
103.2
98.9
95.2
90.4
88.8
82.9
80.2
81 3
80.7

3.2
5.2

-1 .0
.3

-.9
.9

-1 .3
-2 .4

-.9
-.7

-.7
-.3

-1 .4
-2 .4

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

123

Table 228. Household cooking equipment (SIC 3631): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per em ployee 1

Output per h o u r1
Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

49.5
52.0
50.8
52.6
54.5
59.5
60.1
63.1
62.4
62.3
67.7
70.7
68.7
75.0
80.3
84.9
87.9
97.8
100.7
100.0
100.5
108.9
103.9
105.7
112.6
120.8
131.9
135.6
144.8

47.7
49.2
50.9
52.2
54.1
56.3
57.9
59.4
58.6
59.4
63.9
68.2
66.4
72.7
76.4
80.3
87.2
98.4
101.3
100.0
98.5
110.2
103.5
103.0
119.5
121.1
127.0
133.5
142.8

55.9
63.1
50.2
53.7
55.6
72.2
68.3
78.1
78.3
73.6
82.4
79.6
76.8
83.5
96.0
102.9
89.7
95.7
98.4
100.0
106.7
104.8
105.5
114.9
95.4
119.5
149.3
142.4
151.8

51.0
53.6
51.1
53.2
54.0
61.5
60.9
65.4
64.3
62.9
69.8
72.2
70.1
77.2
83.3
88.0
86.2
95.2
100.9
100.0
98.5
110.0
107.5
109.6
109.2
124.4
135.7
136.7
148.9

49.5
51.0
51.4
53.2
53.8
58.8
58.9
62.5
61.1
60.3
66.4
69.9
67.8
74.9
79.3
83.8
85.2
95.2
101.3
100.0
95.9
111.5
107.6
107.7
114.5
125.8
131.5
134.5
147.5

56.1
63.1
49.9
53.1
54.8
71.4
68.1
76.8
76.8
72.3
83.1
80.6
78.6
85.4
98.2
103.8
89.5
95.6
99.7
100.0
106.8
106.0
107.0
115.9
95.9
120.2
150.5
144.0
153.5

3.9
6.5

4.0
5.9

3.3
8.4

3.8
6.8

4.0
6.2

3.4
8.5

1 The output m easures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
S O U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
2 Preliminary.
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 229. Household cooking equipment (SIC 3631): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

36.5
40.1
40.4
39.6
40.0
46.5
47.5
53.6
52.4
50.5
58.0
61.4
59.9
65.1
76.4
87.3
75.3
69.8
91.7
100.0
108.5
126.1
118.9
117.8
101.9
129.7
148.1
130.3
138.9

73.8
77.1
79.6
75.3
73.4
78.1
79.0
84.9
84.0
81.0
85.7
86.8
87.2
86.8
95.1
102.8
85.7
71.4
91.1
100.0
108.0
115.8
114.4
111.5
90.5
107.4
112.3
96.1
95.9

76.6
81.5
79.3
75.8
73.9
82.6
82.1
90.2
89.4
85.0
90.7
90.0
90.2
89.6
100.0
108.7
86.4
70.9
90.5
100.0
110.1
114.4
114.9
114.4
85.3
107.1
116.6
97.6
97.3

65.3
63.6
80.5
73.7
72.0
64.4
69.5
68.6
66.9
68.6
70.4
77.1
78.0
78.0
79.6
84.8
83.9
72.9
93.2
100.0
101.7
120.3
112.7
102.5
106.8
108.5
99.2
91.5
91.5

71.6
74.8
79.1
74.4
74.1
75.6
78.0
81.9
81.5
80.3
83.1
85.1
85.5
84.3
91.7
99.2
87.4
73.3
90.9
100.0
110.2
114.6
110.6
107.5
93.3
104.3
109.1
95.3
93.3

73.8
78.6
78.6
74.4
74.4
79.1
80.6
85.8
85.8
83.8
87.4
87.9
88.4
86.9
96.3
104.2
88.4
73.3
90.5
100.0
113.1
113.1
110.5
109.4
89.0
103.1
112.6
96.9
94.2

65.1
63.5
80.9
74.6
73.0
65.1
69.8
69.8
68.2
69.8
69.8
76.2
76.2
76.2
77.8
84.1
84.1
73.0
92.0
100.0
101.6
119.0
111.1
101.6
106.3
107.9
98.4
90.5
90.5

5.3
5.0

1.4
-1 .5

1.2
-.9

1.9
-3 .2

1.4
-1 .7

1.3
-1.1

1.8
-3 .2

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
•

124

Table 230. Household refrigerators and freezers (SIC 3632): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Year
All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

33.9
37.3
41.0
43.8
47.2
55.5
59.5
61.4
62.1
67.7
70.9
74.1
71.7
87.2
96.0
95.6
96.8
94.5
94.0
100.0
98.4
112.3
114.4
117.4
116.1
127.1
127.5
136.8
146.1

35.0
37.1
41.3
44.3
46.7
55.9
59.2
61.3
61.1
67.6
70.6
74.8
72.4
87.7
95.1
95.9
97.9
97.9
97.6
100.0
97.9
110.3
114.4
117.4
118.7
127.1
125.4
139.1
145.0

29.3
38.1
39.2
40.9
50.2
53.3
60.7
61.7
67.5
68.0
72.2
71.1
68.6
85.3
100.1
94.1
90.7
80.1
79.4
100.0
100.9
123.6
114.3
116.9
104.1
127.7
138.7
127.2
152.7

34.8
38.4
40.8
44.7
50.9
57.1
62.0
64.6
63.4
67.9
72.5
75.3
73.4
88.1
97.6
97.0
98.4
93.0
92.4
100.0
96.3
109.8
106.4
107.9
110.4
127.1
124.6
133.7
143.9

36.3
38.6
41.2
45.8
51.3
58.3
62.6
65.6
63.0
68.2
72.6
76.1
74.2
88.3
97.0
97.5
100.4
96.3
95.5
100.0
95.4
107.3
104.8
106.4
112.0
127.1
121.9
135.0
142.0

29.2
37.9
38.8
40.1
49.2
52.2
59.5
60.5
65.8
66.2
72.4
71.6
69.8
87.2
101.4
94.9
89.9
79.9
79.9
100.0
101.0
123.6
115.6
116.7
103.6
128.0
139.2
128.2
153.7

4.8
4.6

4.8
4.4

4.9
5.9

4.5
5.9

4.4
5.8

5.0
6.2

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
2 Preliminary.
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 231. Household refrigerators and freezers (SIC 3632): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 ' .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

40.4
50.5
53.7
52.1
59.9
68.8
79.4
87.8
95.5
100.5
111.1
107.5
100.1
80.0
93.0
94.9
89.9
89.2
86.5
100.0
102.7
88.6
80.9
81.7
69.1
74.6
83.5
83.3
97.3

119.0
135.5
131.0
119.0
126.9
124.0
133.5
143.0
153.7
148.4
156.7
145.0
139.6
91.7
96.9
99.3
92.9
94.4
92.0
100.0
104.4
78.9
70.7
69.6
59.5
58.7
65.5
60.9
66.6

115.3
136.1
130.0
117.5
128.4
123.0
134.2
143.2
156.2
148.6
157.4
143.8
138.3
91.2
97.8
99.0
91.8
91.1
88.6
100.0
104.9
80.3
70.7
69.6
58.2
58.7
66.6
59.9
67.1

138.0
132.6
137.1
127.3
119.4
129.1
130.9
142.4
141.5
147.7
153.9
151.3
145.9
93.8
92.9
100.9
99.1
111.4
108.9
100.0
101.8
71.7
70.8
69.9
66.4
58.4
60.2
65.5
63.7

116.0
131.4
131.7
116.6
117.6
120.4
128.0
135.9
150.7
148.1
153.2
142.8
136.4
90.8
95.3
97.8
91.4
95.9
93.6
100.0
106.7
80.7
76.0
75.7
62.6
58.7
67.0
62.3
67.6

111.3
130.8
130.2
113.7
116.8
118.1
126.8
133.9
151.7
147.3
153.0
141.2
134.9
90.6
95.9
97.3
89.5
92.6
90.6
100.0
107.7
82.6
77.2
76.8
61.7
58.7
68.5
61.7
68.5

138.4
133.4
138.4
130.0
121.7
131.7
133.4
145.1
145.1
151.7
153.4
150.1
143.4
91.7
91.7
100.0
100.0
111.7
108.3
100.0
101.7
71.7
70.0
70.0
66.7
58.3
60.0
65.0
63.3

1.5
4.5

-3 .2
-.1

-3.1
.1

-3 .2
-1 .3

-2 .9
-1 .3

-2 .8
-1 .2

-3 .3
-1 .6

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

125

Table 232. Household laundry equipment (SIC 3633): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per hour ’

Output per em ployee 1

Y ear
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

39.8
43.3
42.5
46.4
51.6
61.3
60.8
61.5
63.5
67.1
69.0
69.4
70.7
78.3
83.2
88.5
85.0
93.6
99.0
100.0
102.3
108.1
102.1
103.9
105.4
112.2
117.5
118.2
123.3

43.8
46.9
46.7
51.5
56.2
61.5
60.5
64.4
64.2
67.9
68.7
69.6
72.0
79.2
82.6
87.7
86.2
95.3
100.6
100.0
102.3
106.6
102.7
103.6
107.4
108.6
113.4
115.4
119.2

28.4
32.4
30.3
32.3
37.9
60.3
61.9
51.1
60.4
63.5
70.1
68.0
65.4
74.6
85.6
92.1
79.9
86.4
92.8
100.0
102.6
115.5
99.2
105.4
97.3
131.7
140.3
132.5
145.5

42.0
44.8
43.4
48.1
53.8
63.9
64.2
65.1
66.1
68.1
71.0
69.4
72.3
82.1
85.3
90.6
82.1
91.0
98.6
100.0
101.6
108.1
100.2
101.6
100.5
113.0
120.9
120.0
129.2

47.1
49.0
48.1
54.3
59.6
65.2
65.0
69.6
68.0
69.6
71.2
69.5
73.5
83.4
84.9
90.0
82.6
92.1
100.0
100.0
101.3
106.7
100.5
100.9
101.4
109.7
117.4
117.4
126.0

28.2
32.2
30.0
31.6
37.2
58.6
60.6
50 2
58.6
61.9
70.0
68.8
67.0
76.1
86.3
92.9
79.6
86.0
92.5
100.0
102.6
115.3
99.2
105.0
96.5
131.4
140.1
133.0
146.2

3.9
3.6

3.6
2.8

5.4
7.7

3.8
5.3

3.3
4.7

5.5
8.0

Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 ............... .........................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 .......................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ............... .........................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 .......................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 .......................................
1985 .......................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ..................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ..................................

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
2 Preliminary.
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 233. Household laundry equipment (SIC 3633): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

53.3
59.8
52.3
53.3
58.5
60.3
67.5
70.4
78.7
77.9
86.0
86.5
82.3
89.2
103.7
111.6
95.6
81.1
89.9
100.0
102.6
112.0
99.2
99.0
85.5
93.8
104.1
106.4
121.2

133.9
138.1
123.1
114.8
113.4
98.4
111.1
114.5
123.9
116.1
124.7
124.7
116.4
113.9
124.7
126.1
112.5
86.6
90.8
100.0
100.3
103.6
97.2
95.3
81.1
83.6
88.6
90.0
98.3

121.8
127.6
111.9
103.4
104.1
98.1
111.6
109.3
122.5
114.7
125.2
124.2
114.3
112.6
125.6
127.3
110.9
85.1
89.4
100.0
100.3
105.1
96.6
95.6
79.6
86.4
91.8
92.2
101.7

187.9
184.8
172.6
165.2
154.5
100.0
109.1
137.8
130.3
122.7
122.7
127.2
125.8
119.6
121.2
121.2
119.6
93.9
96.9
100.0
100.0
97.0
100.0
93.9
87.9
71.2
74.2
80.3
83.3

126.8
133.5
120.6
110.8
108.7
94.3
105.1
108.2
119.1
114.4
121.2
124.7
113.8
108.7
121.6
123.2
116.5
89.1
91.2
100.0
101.0
103.6
99.0
97.4
85.1
83.0
86.1
88.7
93.8

113.2
122.1
108.8
98.1
98.1
92.5
103.8
101.2
115.8
112.0
120.8
124.5
112.0
106.9
122.1
124.0
115.8
88.1
89.9
100.0
101.3
105.0
98.7
98.1
84.3
85.5
88.7
90.6
96.2

188.7
185.8
174.3
168.7
157.2
102.9
111.4
140.1
134.3
125.8
122.9
125.8
122.9
117.2
120.1
120.1
120.1
94.3
97.2
100.0
100.0
97.1
100.0
94.3
88.6
71.4
74.3
80.0
82.9

2.6
5.2

-1 .3
1.5

-1 .0
2.3

-2 .7
-2 .3

-1.1
-.1

-.7
.4

-2 .8
-2 .6

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

126

Table 234. Household appliances, not elsewhere classified (SIC 3639): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Y ear
Nonproduction workers

43.4
49.1
51.6
54.6
60.9
63.8
69.0
70.4
65.6
67.6
72.5
73.1
70.4
76.2
90.8
85.2
84.5
88.8
93.0
100.0
103.2
102.6
99.1
100.4
94.7
103.7
109.8
110.0
119.3

50.6
57.6
57.8
62.0
65.9
67.8
73.4
73.1
68.4
72.4
76.5
78.6
74.8
82.3
96.8
86.7
85.3
93.4
95.7
100.0
106.3
103.9
101.5
102.2
96.5
101.7
106.0
108.2
117.2

26.4
29.2
34.6
35.3
45.0
50.1
54.2
60.2
55.3
51.9
58.4
55.2
55.2
57.0
70.4
78.9
80.6
72.4
82.4
100.0
90.9
97.3
89.3
93.1
86.6
113.3
131.8
119.4
130.4

3.1
4.0

2.6
3.1

5.0
8.3

Nonproduction workers

51.1
55.8
58.6
64.0
67.2
69.6
75.3
74.9
71.5
76.1
79.1
79.5
75.3
81.7
96.4
83.6
82.4
91.6
95.1
100.0
100.2
100.3
97.4
99.6
93.7
103.3
110.5
111.6
120.9

26.0
28.7
33.9
34.6
43.9
48.8
52.8
59.1
53.5
50.7
57.8
55.6
55.8
57.6
70.8
78.5
79.5
71.3
82.6
100.0
90.1
96.4
89.6
93.3
86.4
112.8
130.9
119.2
129.9

3.0
5.2

Production workers

Production workers

43.3
47.5
51.7
55.4
61.3
64.5
69.8
71.4
67.3
69.6
74.2
73.7
70.8
75.9
90.4
82.6
81.9
87.0
92.5
100.0
98.1
99.5
95.8
98.4
92.4
105.0
113.8
113.0
122.5

All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ..................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

2.5
4.6

5.1
8.2

All employees

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 235. Household appliances, not elsewhere classified (SIC 3639): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Y ear

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 ........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

40.3
43.6
42.1
43.0
51.5
53.8
58.2
59.1
55.3
59.4
63.7
65.2
71.2
71.5
80.6
94.7
85.0
73.7
85.4
100.0
102.5
109.7
95.8
96.5
83.5
105.0
117.4
115.1
120.9

92.8
88.8
81.6
78.7
84.6
84.3
84.3
83.9
84.3
87.9
87.9
89.2
101.2
93.8
88.8
111.1
100.6
83.0
91.8
100.0
99.3
106.9
96.7
96.1
88.2
101.3
106.9
104.6
101.3

79.7
75.7
72.9
69.4
78.1
79.3
79.3
80.9
80.9
82.1
83.3
82.9
95.2
86.9
83.3
109.2
99.7
78.9
89.2
100.0
96.4
105.6
94.4
94.4
86.5
103.2
110.8
106.4
103.2

152.7
149.1
121.8
121.8
114.5
107.3
107.3
98.2
100.0
114.5
109.0
118.2
129.1
125.4
114.5
120.0
105.5
101.8
103.7
100.0
112.7
112.7
107.3
103.6
96.4
92.7
89.1
96.4
92.7

93.0
91.7
81.5
77.6
84.0
83.4
83.4
82.8
82.2
85.3
85.9
88.5
100.6
94.2
89.2
114.6
103.8
84.7
92.3
100.0
104.5
110.2
100.0
98.1
90.4
100.0
103.2
101.9
98.7

78.9
78.1
71.9
67.2
76.6
77.3
77.3
78.9
77.3
78.1
80.5
82.0
94.5
87.5
83.6
113.3
103.1
80.5
89.8
100.0
102.3
109.4
98.4
96.9
89.1
101.6
106.2
103.1
100.0

155.2
151.7
124.2
124.2
117.2
110.3
110.3
100.0
103.4
117.2
110.3
117.2
127.5
124.2
113.8
120.6
106.9
103.4
103.4
100.0
113.8
113.8
106.9
103.4
96.6
93.1
89.7
96.6
93.1

3.9
6.5

.8
2.4

1.3
3.3

-1.1
-1 .7

.8
1.2

1.4
1.8

-1.1
-1 .6

Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

127

Table 236. Electric lamps (SIC 3641): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per h o u r'

Output per em ployee '

Y ear
All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 4 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

68.9
73.7
75.5
74.5
79.2
80.8
83.4
88.7
89.3
87.5
90.4
89.4
88.3
87.5
92.8
90.1
89.9
96.4
102.9
100.0
102.5
105.2
103.2
106.9
108.4
124.8
131.9
126.9
128.7

70.9
74.4
76.1
75.3
79.6
80.8
83.4
88.0
88.0
86.8
89.6
89.2
87.3
86.9
91.6
88.5
89.5
96.9
102.7
100.0
102.1
104.1
102.7
107.1
108.4
124.6
132.9
129.0
131.5

57.8
68.8
71.8
68.9
76.1
82.0
84.0
94.4
100.1
93.1
97.0
91.2
96.9
92.1
101.9
103.5
91.7
93.5
103.5
100.0
105.2
113.8
106.6
105.4
108.5
125.6
124.7
114.2
112.3

66.9
73.9
73.1
72.9
78.3
80.1
82.4
88.7
89.4
85.2
89.0
87.1
87.5
85.8
92.5
89.9
87.7
94.7
103.7
100.0
103.8
105.7
101.8
106.6
107.0
128.7
134.4
127.2
128.7

68.6
74.8
73.5
73.8
79.0
80.2
82.6
88.4
88.3
84.5
88.2
86.8
86.4
84.9
91.2
88.3
87.3
94.9
103.7
100.0
103.6
104.6
101.1
106.7
106.7
129.3
136.0
129.3
131.5

56.9
67.7
70.2
67.1
73.7
79.5
81.3
91.3
96.9
90.2
94.6
90.0
96.7
91.9
101.6
102.9
90.8
92.8
103.1
100.0
105.2
113.8
106.6
105.4
108.5
125.6
124.7
114.2
112.3

2.0
4.2

2.0
4.7

2.0
1.3

2.1
4.4

2.1
4.9

2.1
1.3

NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 237. Electric lamps (SIC 3641): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 4 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

47.2
56.2
56.8
52.8
59.6
62.6
65.8
73.9
82.5
82.5
90.6
88.1
88.5
88.0
99.5
105.1
96.6
88.9
100.9
100.0
103.0
106.5
97.5
91.9
85.4
93.6
100.9
94.8
93.2

68.5
76.3
75.2
70.9
75.3
77.5
78.9
83.3
92.4
94.3
100.2
98.5
100.2
100.6
107.2
116.6
107.5
92.2
98.1
100.0
100.5
101.2
94.5
86.0
78.8
75.0
76.5
74.7
72.4

66.6
75.5
74.6
70.1
74.9
77.5
78.9
84.0
93.8
95.1
101.1
98.8
101.4
101.3
108.6
118.7
107.9
91.7
98.2
100.0
100.9
102.3
94.9
85.8
78.8
75.1
75.9
73.5
70.9

81.7
81.7
79.1
76.6
78.3
76.3
78.3
78.3
82.4
88.6
93.4
96.6
91.3
95.6
97.6
101.5
105.3
95.1
97.5
100.0
97.9
93.6
91.5
87.2
78.7
74.5
80.9
83.0
83.0

70.6
76.1
77.7
72.4
76.1
78.2
79.9
83.3
92.3
96.8
101.8
101.1
101.1
102.6
107.6
116.9
110.1
93.9
97.3
100.0
99.2
100.8
95.8
86.2
79.8
72.7
75.1
74.5
72.4

68.8
75.1
77.3
71.5
75.4
78.1
79.7
83.6
93.4
97.6
102.7
101.5
102.4
103.6
109.1
119.0
110.6
93.7
97.3
100.0
99.4
101.8
96.4
86.1
80.0
72.4
74.2
73.3
70.9

83.0
83.0
80.9
78.7
80.9
78.7
80.9
80.9
85.1
91.5
95.8
97.9
91.5
95.8
97.9
102.1
106.4
95.8
97.9
100.0
97.9
93.6
91.5
87.2
78.7
74.5
80.9
83.0
83.0

2.6
1.3

.6
-2 .8

.6
-3 .2

.6
(*)

.5
-2 .9

.5
-3 .4

(2)

’ Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table




.5

may differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

128

Table 238. Lighting fixtures (SIC 3645, 3646, 3647, 3648): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1961-85
(1977 = 100)
Output per h o u r1

Output per employee 1

Y ear
All employees
Index:
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1961-85 ...................................
1981-85 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

61.9
67.5
67.5
69.0
72.3
74.4
74.1
76.2
80.1
78.1
83.7
90.7
93.8
90.3
89.2
95.1
100.0
100.4
94.6
93.3
88.7
91.0
96.3
102.2
107.0

58.4
63.3
63.9
66.0
67.5
70.1
70.7
73.5
77.8
77.3
82.1
88.3
89.9
89.0
90.1
93.5
100.0
99.2
94.4
95.2
90.6
93.3
95.5
100.9
107.1

75.7
84.4
81.2
80.0
91.2
91.7
86.7
85.8
88.5
80.8
88.9
99.0
107.4
94.8
86.7
100.7
100.0
103.8
95.2
88.2
83.4
85.0
98.2
106.1
106.5

62.2
68.5
69.2
70.2
74.9
75.8
75.8
79.0
82.2
80.0
84.3
92.9
95.3
90.6
88.8
94.7
100.0
100.2
95.0
93.3
89.6
90.9
97.3
103.8
107.3

58.9
64.7
66.3
67.7
71.0
72.1
73.2
76.8
80.1
79.1
82.3
90.7
91.6
89.4
89.6
92.7
100.0
99.1
94.8
95.0
91.8
93.0
97.1
102.9
107.5

74.4
83.0
79.8
78.7
89.7
89.8
84.6
86.2
89.3
82.6
90.7
100.5
108.2
94.4
86.6
101.2
100.0
104.0
95.6
88.7
83.7
85.3
98.0
106.5
106.7

1.9
5.0

2.3
4.2

.8
7.4

1.8
5.1

2.1
4.3

.9
7.3

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 239. Lighting fixtures (SIC 3645, 3646, 3647, 3648): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1961-85
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1961-85 ...................................
1981-85 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

46.5
53.4
56.0
60.0
69.3
73.7
73.5
79.0
88.8
82.6
85.8
99.9
108.2
92.1
76.8
89.2
100.0
105.2
105.8
98.2
94.7
90.4
100.4
107.8
111.2

75.1
79.1
83.0
87.0
95.9
99.0
99.2
103.7
110.8
105.8
102.5
110.1
115.4
102.0
86.1
93.8
100.0
104.8
111.8
105.2
106.8
99.3
104.3
105.5
103.9

79.6
84.3
87.6
90.9
102.6
105.2
104.0
107.5
114.2
106.9
104.5
113.1
120.3
103.5
85.2
95.4
100.0
106.0
112.1
103.2
104.5
96.9
105.1
106.8
103.8

61.4
63.3
69.0
75.0
76.0
80.4
84.8
92.1
100.3
102.2
96.5
100.9
100.7
97.2
88.6
88.6
100.0
101.3
111.1
111.4
113.6
106.3
102.2
101.6
104.4

107.5
113.5
101.6
86.5
94.2
100.0
105.0
111.4
105.3
105.7
99.4
103.2
103.9
103.6

2.8
5.1

.9
.1

.6
.8

2.0
-2.1

(*)

1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table




All employees

74.8
77.9
80.9
85.5
92.5
97.2
97.0
100.0

108.0
103.3

101.8

Production workers

78.9
82.5
84.5
88.6
97.6
102.2

100.4

102.8
110.8

104.4
104.2
110.2
118.1
103.0
85.7
96.2
100.0
106.2
111.6
103.4
103.2
97.2
103.4
104.8
103.4

Nonproduction
workers

62.5
64.3
70.2
76.2
77.3
82.1
86.9
91.7
99.4
100.0

94.6
99.4
100.0
97.6
88.7
88.1
100.0

101.2
110.7
110.7
113.1
106.0
102.4
101.2
104.2

1.0
-

1.9
2.1

may differ from those previously published.
SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

129

Table 240. Radio and television receiving sets (SIC 3651): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per em ployee 1

Output per h o u r1
Year
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

41.8
44.6
45.8
46.9
52.2
58.1
57.9
63.5
65.5
66.5
71.0
68.4
70.6
74.2
87.8
87.9
87.2
90.1
100.8
100.0
113.2
118.5
116.9
133.6
163.9
196.1
236.9
249.8
256.9

40.8
42.5
44.5
46.3
50.0
54.1
53.7
58.1
59.1
61.6
66.7
65.2
71.2
73.2
83.7
83.2
85.9
91.6
103.4
100.0
116.8
122.1
122.3
140.1
173.2
206.7
240.2
255.9
257.7

45.5
53.8
50.3
48.7
61.2
76.7
77.8
92.1
101.3
90.0
90.2
81.3
68.4
77.4
104.5
108.5
91.0
85.5
92.9
100.0
102.2
108.0
101.8
115.8
138.6
166.9
226.9
230.8
253.7

43.2
46.1
47.1
47.3
53.6
59.9
60 8
67.5
68.0
67.7
72.7
70.5
72.7
76.3
89.7
88.9
85.2
89.7
101.5
100.0
112.2
120.1
119.7
134.6
163.6
207.1
243.6
256.4
275.8

42.6
44.3
46.4
47.1
52.0
56.5
57.3
62.8
62.3
63.5
68.8
67.8
73.6
75.5
85.9
84.3
83.8
91.2
104.3
100.0
115.5
124.1
126.0
141.2
172.7
222.9
249.1
265.1
283.0

45.3
53.5
49.7
47.9
60.1
75.2
76.7
90.4
99.0
87.9
90.5
81.9
69.8
78.9
105.9
109.1
90.5
85.3
93.5
100.0
102.1
108.2
102.5
116.2
138.8
166.9
227.6
231.1
254.5

6.1
14.4

6.5
13.3

4.6
17.9

6.1
15.7

6.5
14.9

4.7
17.9

Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
em ployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 241. Radio and television receiving sets (SIC 3651): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

38.5
46.3
45.3
48.7
59.7
65.2
70.5
90.6
118.7
106.0
109.7
99.8
87.4
91.9
104.1
109.8
100.1
82.8
97.3
100.0
115.3
110.1
104.3
109.3
106.2
125.7
155.2
155.1
161.6

92.0
103.7
99.0
103.8
114.4
112.3
121.7
142.6
181.3
159.5
154.5
145.9
123.8
123.9
118.5
124.9
114.8
91.9
96.5
100.0
101.9
92.9
89.2
81.8
64.8
64.1
65.5
62.1
62.9

94.3
109.0
101.7
105.2
119.4
120 5
131.2
155.9
200.9
172.1
164.5
153.0
122.7
125.6
124.3
132.0
116.5
90.4
94.1
100.0
98.7
90.2
85.3
78.0
61.3
60.8
64.6
60.6
62.7

84.7
86.1
90.1
99.9
97.6
85.0
90.6
98.4
117.2
117.8
121.6
122.7
127.8
118.7
99.6
101.2
110.0
96.8
104.7
100.0
112.8
101.9
102.5
94.4
76.6
75.3
68.4
67.2
63.7

89.2
100.5
96.2
103.0
111.3
108.9
116.0
134.3
174.5
156.5
150.9
141.5
120.3
120.5
116.0
123.5
117.5
92.3
95.9
100.0
102.8
91.7
87.1
81.2
64.9
60.7
63.7
60.5
58.6

90.3
104.5
97.7
103.3
114.7
115.5
123.0
144.2
190.5
166.9
159.4
147.1
118.7
121.7
121.2
130.2
119.5
90.8
93.3
100.0
99.8
88.7
82.8
77.4
61.5
56.4
62.3
58.5
57.1

85.0
86.5
91.1
101.7
99.4
86.7
91.9
100.2
119.9
120.6
121.2
121.8
125.3
116.5
98.3
100.6
110.6
97.1
104.1
100.0
112.9
101.8
101.8
94.1
76.5
75.3
68.2
67.1
63.5

3.8
9.9

-2 .2
-4 .0

-2 .6
-3 .0

-.8
-6 .8

-2 .2
-5 .0

-2 .5
-4 .4

-.9
-6 .8

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




S O U R C E: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

130

Table 242. Semiconductors and related devices (SIC 3674): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1972-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1

Output per h o u r1
Year
All employees
Index:
1972 .........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 7 2 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

46.3
53.6
64.1
56.0
82.5
100.0
120.5
138.1
149.4
171.6
197.9
211.5
229.2
206.1
218.4

42.6
47.4
59.2
57.1
81.9
100.0
120.0
137.1
159.2
197.3
237.5
235.1
244.1
247.4
270.4

50.1
60.5
69.2
55.0
82.8
100.0
120.8
138.9
141.7
154.0
172.4
194.2
217.6
179.8
186.6

46.6
53.8
63.2
55.5
82.3
100.0
121.4
139.7
149.2
171.7
196.9
213.4
233.0
207.1
220.2

43.3
48.1
58.1
56.5
81.9
100.0
122.1
140.5
158.8
197.3
234.0
239.7
253.2
249.9
275.8

50.0
60.1
68.5
54.7
82.6
100.0
120.8
138.9
141.7
154.0
172.4
194.2
217.6
179.8
186.6

13.1
4.1

15.5
5.1

11.2
3.5

13.2
4.3

15.7
5.7

11.3
3.5

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 243. Semiconductors and related devices (SIC 3674): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1972-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 .......................................
1980 .....................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 .......................................
1985 ........................................
1986 ’ .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 7 2 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

36.4
51.0
63.5
45.8
72.4
100.0
139.0
190.4
226.1
260.5
301.2
339.9
432.5
392.3
399.4

78.7
95.2
99.0
81.8
87.8
100.0
115.4
137.9
151.3
151.8
152.2
160.7
188.7
190.3
182.9

85.5
107.6
107.2
80.2
88.4
100.0
115.8
138.9
142.0
132.0
126.8
144.6
177.2
158.6
147.7

72.6
84.3
91.7
83.2
87.4
100.0
115.1
137.1
159.6
169.2
174.7
175.0
198.8
218.2
214.0

78.1
94.8
100.5
82.5
88.0
100.0
114.5
136.3
151.5
151.7
153.0
159.3
185.6
189.4
181.4

84.1
106.0
109.3
81.0
88.4
100.0
113.8
135.5
142.4
132.0
128.7
141.8
170.8
157.0
144.8

72.8
84.9
92.7
83.8
87.7
100.0
115.1
137.1
159.6
169.2
174.7
175.0
198.8
218.2
214.0

21.0
9.5

6.9
5.2

4.7
4.2

8.8
5.8

6.8
4.9

4.6
3.6

8.7
5.8

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

SO URCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

131

T a b le 2 4 4 .
1 9 5 8 -8 6
(1977 = 100)

M o to r v e h ic le s a n d e q u ip m e n t (S IC 3 7 1 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e h o u r a n d o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e ,

Output per hour ’

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

46.3
50.8
55.1
55.9
61.3
63.7
64.4
68.6
68.9
69.3
75.0
73.6
70.5
81.9
84.5
85.7
82.1
87.7
93.9
100.0
99.3
97.8
90.8
93.1
96.9
109.6
115.7
121.1
123 3

48.7
51.0
55.2
57.7
61.5
63.7
64.8
67.7
68.9
70.5
74.7
73.9
72.5
82.4
84 7
85.9
84.7
89.6
94.2
100.0
993
99.3
97.9
98.1
1036
112.2
116 2
121.2
124.5

39.7
49.8
54.5
50.4
60.8
63.4
63.1
72.2
69.5
65.6
76.2
72.4
64.1
80.3
84.0
85.1
74.0
80.9
92.7
100.0
99.4
92.9
72.5
79.0
79.3
101.9
114.1
120.5
119.3

42.2
47.8
51.6
51.4
59.4
61.9
62.8
68.6
67.2
64.8
73.6
70.2
65.0
76.9
82.5
84.7
76.3
80.7
91.8
100.0
98.0
92.3
83.7
87.3
90.0
107.3
114.9
120.2
120.0

43.9
47.7
51.4
52.5
59.6
62.0
63.2
67.9
67.0
65.4
73.2
70.1
66 5
77.1
82.8
85.0
78.1
82.3
91.8
100.0
97.7
92.8
89.0
91.1
95.3
110.3
115.7
120.3
121.1

37.4
48.0
52.2
47.7
58.5
61.5
61.1
70.6
68.0
62.8
74.8
70.6
60.2
75.9
81.6
83.9
70.7
75.6
91.5
100.0
99.0
90.8
69.4
76.3
75.4
97.9
112.6
119.9
116.5

3.1
6.3

3.1
5.0

2.9
10.3

3.2
7.5

3.2
6.4

2.9
11.0

Index:
1958 ................................
1959 ...............................
I960 ...............................
1961 ................................
1962 ................................
1963 ...............................
1964 ...............................
1965 ................................
1966 ...............................
1967 ...............................
1968 ...............................
1969 ...............................
1970 ...............................
1971 ...............................
1972 ...............................
1973 ...............................
1974 ...............................
1975 ...............................
1976 ...............................
1977 ...............................
1978 ...............................
1979 ...............................
1980 ...............................
1981 ...............................
1982 ...............................
1983 ........... ...................
1984 ...............................
1985 ...............................
1986 * .............................
Average annual percent
change:
1957-86...........................
1981-86...........................

SOURCE: Output based on data from company records; the Motor Vehicle
Manufacturers Association of the U.S., Inc.; the Gousha/Times Mirror Company (Automobile
Invoice Service); Ward's Communications, Inc. (Ward's Automotive Yearbooks); the Bureau
of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data
from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and company records

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
* Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.

Table 245. Motor vehicles and equipment (SIC 371): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1953 ...............................
1959 ...............................
1963................................
1961 ...............................
1962 ...............................
1963 ...............................
1964 ...............................
1965 ...............................
1966 ...............................
1967 ...............................
1968 ...............................
1969 ...............................
1970 ...............................
1971 ................................
1972 ...............................
1973 ...............................
1974 ................................
1975 ...............................
1976 ...............................
1977 ...............................
1978 ................................
1979 ...............................
1980 ...............................
1981 ................................
1982 ...............................
1983 ................................
1984 ...............................
1985 ................................
1986 ’ .............................
Average annual percent
change:
1957-86...........................
1981-86...........................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

27.2
35.1
39 7
34.5
43.6
48.7
50.2
61.3
61.5
56.1
68.2
67.9
55.1
69.2
76.6
87.8
73.6
67.9
65.8
100.0
104.0
965
69.7
72.7
66.4
85.4
104.6
112.1
109.6

58 7
69.1
72.1
61.7
71.1
765
78.0
89 3
892
80.9
909
92.3
78.2
84.5
906
102.4
89.6
77.4
91.4
100.0
104.7
98.7
76.8
78.1
68.5
77.9
90.4
926
88 9

55.9
68.8
71.9
59.8
70.9
76.4
77.5
90.6
89.3
79.6
91.3
91.9
76.0
84.0
90.4
102.2
86.9
75.6
91.1
100.0
104.7
97.2
71.2
74.1
64.1
76.1
90.0
92.5
88.0

68 6
70.5
72.9
685
71.7
76.8
79.6
84.9
88.5
85.5
895
93.8
86.0
86.2
91.2
103.2
99.5
83.9
92.6
100.0
104.6
103.9
96.1
92.0
83.7
83.8
91.7
93.0
91.9

64 4
73.5
76.9
67.1
73.4
78.7
79.9
89.4
91.5
866
92 7
96.7
84.8
90.0
928
103.6
96.4
84.1
93.5
100.0
106.1
104.5
83.3
83.3
73.8
79.6
91.0
93.3
91.3

62 0
73.6
77.2
65.7
73.1
78.5
79.4
90.3
91.8
85.8
93.2
96 9
82.9
89.7
92.5
103.3
94.2
82.5
93.5
100.0
106.4
104.0
78.3
79.8
69.7
77.4
90.4
93.2
90.5

728
73.1
76.0
72.4
74.5
79.2
82.1
86.8
90.4
89.3
91.2
96.2
91.5
91.2
93.9
104.7
104.1
89.8
93.8
1000
105.0
106.3
100.4
95.3
88.1
872
92 9
93.5
94.1

3.9
11.6

.8
5.0

.8
6.3

1.0
1.2

.7
3.8

.7
4.8

.9
.5

' Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from company records, the Motor Vehicle
Manufacturers Association of the U.S., Inc.; the Gousha/Times Mirror Company




All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

(Automobile Invoice Service); Ward's Communications, Inc. (Ward's Automotive
Yearbooks); the Bureau of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and
company records.

132

Table 246. Instruments to measure electricity (SIC 3825): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1972-85
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee '

Output per h ou r1
Year
All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

All employees
Index:
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-85............................
1981-85............................

Production workers

Nonproduction workers

84.7
90.8
92.0
95.9
95.5
100.0
101.0
100.2
108.4
111.9
119.2
121.8
133.7
130.4

81.8
85.4
87.1
95.4
94.7
100.0
102.7
105.2
119.7
128.4
134.0
134.7
147.2
151.3

90.0
101.4
101.2
96.6
97.0
100.0
98.0
93.1
93.9
92.5
101.0
105.2
116.2
106.2

87.1
93.0
92.1
93.8
95.1
100.0
101.0
101.9
107.8
111.2
117.3
120.0
132.7
129.5

83.8
87.4
87.1
92.1
93.7
100.0
103.0
108.2
118.7
127.6
130.8
132.2
145.7
150.4

93.1
103.2
101.0
96.6
97.4
100.0
97.9
93.4
94.5
92.8
101.3
105.1
116.6
106.4

3.3
4.3

5.0
4.3

.8
4.3

3.1
4.4

4.8
4.5

.7
4.2

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.

Table 247. Instruments to measure electricity (SIC 3825): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1972-85
(1977=100)
Employee hours
Year

Output

Employees

All employees
Index:
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-85............................
1981-85............................

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

All employees

Production workers

Nonproduction
workers

71.7
84.2
94.0
85.9
87.4
100.0
116.3
129.6
153.9
158.6
158.3
161.9
191.2
179.9

84.7
92.7
102.2
89.6
91.5
100.0
115.2
129.3
142.0
141.7
132.8
132.9
143.0
138.0

87.7
98.6
107.9
90.0
92.3
100.0
113.2
123.2
128.6
123.5
118.1
120.2
129.9
118.9

79.7
83.0
92.9
88.9
90.1
100.0
118.7
139.2
163.9
171.5
156.8
153.9
164.6
169.4

82.3
90.5
102.1
91.6
91.9
100.0
115.2
127.2
142.7
142.6
134.9
134.9
144.1
138.9

85.6
96.3
107.9
93.3
93.3
100.0
112.9
119.8
129.7
124.3
121.0
122.5
131.2
119.6

77.0
81.6
93.1
88.9
89.7
100.0
118.8
138.7
162.8
170.9
156.3
154.0
164.0
169.0

7.9
4.5

4.4
.2

2.7
.2

7.0
.2

4.6
.1

2.9
(*)

7.1
.3

1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table




may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

133

Table 248. Railroad transportation, revenue traffic (SIC 401)1 Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
:
1958-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Output per hour 1
2

Output per employee 2

Year
All employees
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 3 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ............................
1981-86............................

Nonsupervisory workers

Supervisory workers

All employees

Nonsupervisory workers

Supervisory workers

41.1
43.9
45.1
48.7
52.2
54.9
58.4
65.1
70.2
72.2
76.0
79.0
77.7
80.8
88.0
96.4
93.7
89.5
95.4
100.0
104.5
104.7
107.3
111.5
115.8
141.9
152.6
162.1
179.9

40.0
42.8
44.1
47.9
51.3
53.9
57.4
64.3
69.2
71.2
75.2
78.1
76.9
80.5
87.7
95.9
93.3
89.9
95.5
100.0
104.7
104.8
108.4
113.3
119.3
146.1
155.8
166.3
185.4

49.9
53.3
53.3
55.2
59.7
62.7
66.5
71.4
77.3
79.8
82.9
85.7
83.1
83.5
89.5
99.0
96.8
86.1
94.0
100.0
103.5
104.1
101.4
101.4
96.9
118.2
133.6
138.3
150.1

42.5
45.6
46.6
50.1
54.1
57.3
61.7
68.1
73.1
73.6
78.4
81.3
79.8
79.6
89.0
96.4
94.6
88.5
95.3
100.0
104.5
105.4
105.5
108.8
110.1
136.3
147.9
156.5
171.5

41.0
44.1
45.1
48.7
52.7
55.8
60.2
66.6
71.6
72.4
77.3
80.3
79.0
78.9
88.5
95.8
94.1
88.7
95.3
100.0
104.6
105.5
106.2
109.9
112.5
139.5
150.5
159.7
175.3

56.5
60.5
60.3
62.2
67.4
70.7
75.6
81.0
85.5
83.5
87.2
89.4
86.5
86.3
92.0
101.0
98.4
87.2
95.6
100.0
103.5
104.4
101.0
102.0
96.2
117.5
131.6
137.5
148.8

4.7
10.4

4.9
10.6

2.8
9.4

4.2
10.2

4.4
10.4

2.2
9.2

1 Class I railroads and Class I switching and terminal companies.
2 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
3 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may

differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Interstate Commerce Commission: the
Association of American Railroads; the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of
Transportation: and the National Railroad Passenger Corporation. Employment and hours
based on data from the Interstate Commerce Commission.

Table 249. Railroad transportation, revenue traffic (SIC 401)1 Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
:
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours

Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86............................
1981-86 ............................

Employees

All employees

Year

Nonsupervisory
workers

Supervisory workers

All employees

Nonsupervisory
workers

Supervisory workers

72.7
75.7
74.1
73.2
77.2
79.3
83.5
88.1
92.9
90.4
93.3
94.8
91.3
89.3
94.2
103.2
101.3
87.7
94.6
100.0
102.4
103.9
101.1
99.1
87.2
92.8
101.3
100.8
102.7

177.0
172.5
164.2
150.3
147.8
144.4
142.9
135.3
132.4
125.2
122.7
120.0
117.5
110.5
107.1
107.1
108.1
98.0
99.2
100.0
98.0
99.2
94.2
88.9
75.3
65.4
66.4
62.2
57.1

181.6
176.9
167.9
152.9
150.5
147.1
145.4
137.1
134.3
126.9
124.1
121.4
118.7
111.0
107.4
107.6
108.6
97.5
99.1
100.0
97.8
99.1
93.3
87.5
73.1
63.5
65.0
60.6
55.4

145.6
142.0
139.0
132.6
129.3
126.5
125.6
123.4
120.2
113.3
112.6
110.6
109.9
107.0
105.2
104.2
104.6
101.9
100.6
100.0
98.9
99.8
99.7
97.7
90.0
78.5
75.8
72.9
68.4

171.1
166.1
159.1
146.2
142.6
138.5
135.3
129.4
127.1
122.9
119.0
116.6
114.4
112.2
105.9
107.0
107.1
99.1
99.3
100.0
98.0
98.6
95.8
91.1
79.2
68.1
68.5
64.4
59.9

177.2
171.8
164.3
150.3
146.4
142.2
138.8
132.3
129.7
124.8
120.7
118.1
115.6
113.2
106.4
107.7
107.6
98.9
99.3
100.0
97.9
98.5
95.2
90.2
77.5
66.5
67.3
63.1
58.6

128.6
125.1
122.8
117.6
114.5
112.1
110.4
108.8
108.7
108.2
107.0
106.0
105.5
103.5
102.4
102.2
102.9
100.6
99.0
100.0
98.9
99.5
100.1
97.2
90.6
79.0
77.0
73.3
69.0

.5
2.0

-3.9
-7.6

-4.2
-7.8

-2.2
-6.8

-3.5
-7.5

-3.8
-7.6

-1.7
-6.6

Output

1 Class I railroads and Class I switching and terminal companies.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output based on data from the Interstate Commerce Commission; the
Association of American Railroads; the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S.
Department of Transportation; and the National Railroad Passenger Corporation.
Employment and hours based on data from the Interstate Commerce Commission.

134

Table 250. Railroad transportation, car miles (SIC 401)': Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per employee 1
2

Output per hour 2
Year

57.5
59.9
61.9
65.5
67.7
70.0
72.5
77.7
81.6
83.9
85.9
87.9
88.2
91.6
98.0
100.9
98.4
98.8
100.2
100.0
103.0
103.0
108.9
109.4
113.4
132.8
140.6
142.6
152.7

71.8
74.6
74.7
75.6
78.8
81.4
83.9
86.3
91.2
94.0
94.7
96.5
95.3
95.0
100.1
104.2
102.2
94.5
98.7
100.0
101.8
102.3
101.9
98.0
92.1
107.4
120.6
118.5
123.7

3.4
7.0

3.6
7.1

59.0
61.6
63.2
66.7
69.6
72.4
75.9
80.5
84.5
85.3
88.3
90.3
90.6
89.8
99.0
100.8
99.3
97.4
100.0
100.0
102.9
103.7
106.7
106.1
107.0
126.8
135.8
136.9
144.4

81.3
84.7
84.6
85.2
89.0
91.9
95.5
97.9
100.8
98.4
99.6
100.7
99.2
98.3
102.8
106.3
103.9
95.7
100.3
100.0
101.8
102.6
101.5
98.5
91.5
106.7
118.7
117.9
122.6

3.2
6.9

1.0
5.8

All employees

Supervisory workers

59.0
61.4
63.3
66.7
68.9
71.3
73.8
78.7
82.8
85.1
86.9
88.9
89.1
92.0
98.3
101.4
98.9
98.3
100.1
100.0
102.8
102.9
107.9
107.6
110.1
128.9
137.7
138.9
148.2

Supervisory workers

2.9
6.8

Nonsupervisory workers

Nonsupervisory workers

61.1
63.8
65.3
68.5
71.5
74.4
77.9
82.3
86.2
86.7
89.6
91.5
91.5
90.6
99.4
101.5
99.8
97.2
100.0
100.0
102.8
103.5
106.1
105.0
104.7
123.8
133.4
134.2
141.2

All employees

1.5
6.0

Index:
1958 ...............................
1959 ...............................
1960 ...............................
1961 ...............................
1962 ...............................
1963 ...............................
1964 ...............................
1965 ...............................
1966 ...............................
1967 ...............................
1968 .............................
1969 ..............................
1970 ...............................
1971 ...............................
1972 ...............................
1973 ...............................
1974 ...............................
1975 ...............................
1976 ...............................
1977 ...............................
1978 ...............................
1979 ...............................
1980 ...............................
1981 ...............................
1982 ...............................
1983 ...............................
1984 ...............................
1985 ...............................
1986 3 .............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ...........................
1981-86...........................

1 Class I railroads and Class I switching and terminal companies.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
2 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
differ from those previously published.
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Interstate Commerce Commission and the
specific output of any single group of employees.
Association of American Railroads. Employment and hours based on data from the
3 Preliminary.
Interstate Commerce Commission.

Table 251. Railroad transportation, car miles (SIC 401)1 Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
:
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours

Index:
1958 ...............................
1959 ...............................
1960 ...............................
1961 ...............................
1962 ...............................
1963 ...............................
1964 ...............................
1965 ...............................
1966 ...............................
1967 ...............................
1968 ...............................
1969 ...............................
1970 ...............................
1971 ...............................
1972 ...............................
1973 ...............................
1974 ...............................
1975 ...............................
1976 ...............................
1977 ...............................
1978 ...............................
1979 ...............................
1980 ...............................
1981 ...............................
1982 ...............................
1983 ...............................
1984 ...............................
1985 ...............................
1986 2 .............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ...........................
1981-86 ...........................

Employees

All employees

Year

Nonsupervisory
workers

Supervisory workers

All employees

Nonsupervisory
workers

Supervisory workers

104.5
105.9
103.9
100.2
101.9
103.0
105.4
106.5
109.6
106.5
106.6
106.7
104.7
101.7
105.3
108.6
106.9
96.3
99.3
100.0
100.7
102.1
101.6
95.7
82.9
84.3
91.4
86.4
84.6

177.0
172.5
164.2
150.3
147.8
144.4
142.9
135.3
132.4
125.2
122.7
120.0
117.5
110.5
107.1
107.1
108.1
98.0
99.2
100.0
98.0
99.2
94.2
88.9
75.3
65.4
66.4
62.2
57.1

181.6
176.9
167.9
152.9
150.5
147.1
145.4
137.1
134.3
126.9
124.1
121.4
118.7
111.0
107.4
107.6
108.6
97.5
99.1
100.0
97.8
99.1
93.3
87.5
73.1
63.5
65.0
60.6
55.4

145.6
142.0
139.0
132.6
129.3
126.5
125.6
123.4
120.2
113.3
112.6
110.6
109.9
107.0
105.2
104.2
104.6
101.9
100.6
100.0
98.9
99.8
99.7
97.7
90.0
78.5
75.8
72.9
68.4

171.1
166.1
159.1
146.2
142.6
138.5
135.3
129.4
127.1
122.9
119.0
116.6
114.4
112.2
105.9
107.0
107.1
99.1
99.3
100.0
98.0
98.6
95.8
91.1
79.2
68.1
68.5
64.4
59.9

177.2
171.8
164.3
150.3
146.4
142.2
138.8
132.3
129.7
124.8
120.7
118.1
115.6
113.2
106.4
107.7
107.6
98.9
99.3
100.0
97.9
98.5
95.2
90.2
77.5
66.5
67.3
63.1
58.6

128.6
125.1
122.8
117.6
114.5
112.1
110.4
108.8
108.7
108.2
107.0
106.0
105.5
103.5
102.4
102.2
102.9
100.6
99.0
100.0
98.9
99.5
100.1
97.2
90.6
79.0
77.0
73.3
69.0

-.7
-1.2

-3.9
-7.6

-4.2
-7.8

-2.2
-6.8

-3.5
-7.5

-3.8
-7.6

-1.7
-6.6

Output

1 Class I railroads and Class I switching and terminal companies.

SOURCE: Output based on data from the Interstate Commerce Commission and
the Association of American Railroads. Employment and hours based on data from
the Interstate Commerce Commission.

2 Preliminary.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




135

Table 252. Bus carriers, Class 1 (Parts of SIC 4111, 4131, 414): Indexes of output per employee hour, output per employee,
output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-85 ............................
1981-85............................

Output per
employee hour

Output per
employee

Output

Employee hours

Employees

94.2
97.2
96.1
97.9
107.1
108.7
109.8
116.3
118.8
114.8
113.2
109.9
107.3
104.8
106.8
106.2
110.2
97.0
93.8
100.0
96.7
98.3
100.9
90.7
98.8
95.4
90.9
88.2

99.5
102.6
102.3
103.5
114.3
114.6
116.1
122.0
124.5
121.2
119.6
115.6
112.8
108.1
105.7
107.7
112.0
97.9
95.1
100.0
94.9
98.6
94.2
86.2
94.1
93.0
89.9
89.2

99.1
99.1
100.9
103.2
115.4
115.9
120.7
127.2
132.8
133.9
130.5
126.1
123.8
116.3
111.5
106.8
115.8
104.4
100.7
100.0
94.9
101.3
99.9
92.0
94.0
82.5
78.5
73.3

105.2
102.0
105.0
105.4
107.7
106.6
109.9
109.4
111.8
116.6
115.3
114.7
115.4
111.0
104.4
100.6
105.1
107.6
107.3
100.0
98.1
103.0
99.0
101.4
95.1
86.5
86.4
83.1

99.6
96.6
98.6
99.7
101.0
101.1
104.0
104.3
106.7
110.5
109.1
109.1
109.8
107.6
105.5
99.2
103.4
106.6
105.9
100.0
100.0
102.7
106.0
106.7
99.9
88.7
87.3
82.2

-.1
-1.4

-.5
.2

-.8
-6.1

-.7
-4.8

-.3
-6.4

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Interstate
Commerce Commission, the American Bus Association, and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.

136

Table 253. Intercity trucking (SIC 4213 part)1 Indexes of output per employee,
:
output, and employees, 1958-85
(1977 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-85 ............................
1981-85 ............................

Output per
employee

Output

Employees

62 9
66.5
66.5
67.2
69.3
72.5
74.5
77.2
81.3
78.2
83.3
85.2
83.5
88.8
94.6
96.6
93.3
89.2
100.3
100.0
99.8
98.6
94.3
98.7
93.3
101.0
102.5
97.2

34.9
40.9
41.6
41.4
44.8
48.1
51.2
57.5
63.8
61.7
68.1
72.6
69.8
75.9
85.6
92.8
90.1
81.6
93.1
100.0
107.0
107.2
96.8
92.1
80.5
84.5
94.4
83.3

55.5
61.5
62.6
61.6
64.6
66.3
68.7
74.5
78.5
78.9
81.8
85.2
83.6
85.5
90.5
96.1
96.6
91.5
92.8
100.0
107.2
108.7
102.7
93.3
86.3
83.7
92.1
85.7

1.9
.6

4.1
-.4

2.2
-1.0

1 Class I and II common and contract carriers.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data,
the measures in this table may differ from those

previously published.
SOURCE: Based on data from the Interstate
Commerce Commission and Trine Transportation
Consultants, a division of Dunn and Bradstreet, Inc.

Table 254. Intercity trucking, general freight (SIC 4213 part)1 Indexes of output per
:
employee, output, and employees, 1958-85
(1977=100)
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 2 .................. ............
Average annual peroant
change:
1954-85 ............................
1981-85 ............................

Output per
employee

Output

Employees

61.5
66.0
65.0
65.0
66.9
69.6
72.7
78.7
77.4
75.1
79.3
80.6
76.8
81.1
86.1
91.7
93.4
88.4
96.1
100.0
98.6
96.6
87.9
92.5
86.8
92.5
94.2
90.5

42.1
48.9
48.5
47.7
51.3
54.2
58.5
64.2
70.9
68.6
75.2
79.1
72.9
77.4
85.2
94.6
92.9
80.6
91.8
100.0
106.2
106.9
91.1
86.7
76.6
80.6
89.9
81.6

68.4
74.1
74.6
73.4
76.7
77.9
80.5
81.6
91.6
91.4
94.8
98.1
94.9
95.4
99.0
103.2
99.5
91.2
95.5
100.0
107.7
110.7
103.6
93.7
88.2
87.1
95.4
90.2

1.7
.4

3.1
.4

1.4
(*)

1 Class I and II common carriers of general freight.
2 Preliminary.
3 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data,
the measures in this table may differ from those




previously published.
SOURCE: Based on data from the Interstate
Commerce Commission and Trine Transportation
Consultants, a division of Dunn and Bradstreet, Inc.

137




Table 255. Air transportation (SIC 4511, 4521 part)1 Indexes of output per
:
employee, output, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86............................
1981-86............................

Output per
employee

Output

Employees

31.6
34.0
34.3
36.2
40.4
44.4
48.8
54.4
61.1
65.1
68.0
69.9
71.4
76.0
83.8
85.5
86.6
87.6
95.5
100.0
109.3
113.1
106.2
104.9
114.9
126.8
131.7
136.5
138.1

15.2
17.5
18.6
19.7
22.3
25.2
29.4
35.5
43.6
55.2
63.7
69.9
71.0
72.7
79.9
84.7
84.9
84.4
93.1
100.0
113.9
125.4
121.0
117.7
122.0
132.4
143.8
156.7
170.5

48.1
51.4
54.3
54.4
55.2
56.7
60.2
65.3
71.4
84.8
93.7
100.0
99.4
95.6
95.3
99.1
98.0
96.4
97.5
100.0
104.2
110.9
113.9
112.2
106.2
104.4
109.2
114.8
123.5

6.2
5.7

10.6
8.0

4.1
2.2

1 Due to airline deregulation, the measures from
1980 forward reflect the inclusion of some
noncertificated carriers.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data,

the measures in this table may differ from those
previously published.
SOURCE: Based on data from the Research and
Special Programs Administration, U.S. Department of
Transportation.

138

Table 256. Petroleum pipelines (SIC 4612, 4613): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per
employee, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Output per h ou r1

Output per employee 1

Year
All employees

All employees

Nonsupervisory workers

26.3
30.3
32.6
34.8
36.3
40.0
43.4
51.5
58.1
64.9
68.7
74.2
79.5
82.4
92.8
97.8
95.1
95.7
95.2
100.0
101.7
101.7
93.0
86.0
89.2
94.3
104.5
104.9
107.8

22.4
25.7
28.0
30.4
31.2
34.2
37.7
45.3
51.1
57.2
61.1
67.3
73.6
77.7
86.8
92.1
89.7
92.6
93.9
100.0
103.2
105.1
95.8
90.1
94.9
98.8
108.6
107.6
1078

25.7
29.5
31.5
33.5
35.3
39.0
42.7
50.8
56.9
64.6
68.1
73.2
78.9
81.7
91.4
96.8
93.8
93.2
94.7
100.0
101.2
102.5
93.5
87.9
90.9
94.1
101.3
103.4
108.6

21.9
25.1
27.0
29.2
30.3
33.3
37.2
44.7
50.1
56.9
60.5
66.6
72.9
77.0
85.7
91.3
88.4
90.2
93.5
100.0
102.7
105.9
96.2
92.0
96.8
98.6
105.2
106.1
108.6

(3)
5.0

Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 ................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ............................
1981-86............................

Nonsupervisory workers

<
3)
4.0

6.5
4.4

f)
3.4

1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour
and output per employee indexes relate to the total production of the
industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single group
of employees.
2 Preliminary.
3 Less than .05 percent.

NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures
in this table may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the American Petroleum
Institute and the Interstate Commerce Commission. Employment and
hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the
Interstate Commerce Commission.

Table 257. Petroleum pipelines (SIC 4612, 4613): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977=100)
Employee hours
Year

Employees

Output
All employees

Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 ................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 ................................
1982 ................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 ............................
1981-86 ............................

Nonsupervisory workers

All employees

Nonsupervisory workers

35.7
38.7
39.3
40.2
41.2
43.6
46.2
53.6
58.2
65.3
68.1
70.9
75.0
76.4
82.5
87.9
87.7
88.2
90.7
100.0
107.2
111.3
107.6
103.5
104.6
102.2
104.5
104.5
106.2

135.9
127.9
120.4
115.4
113.4
109.0
106.5
103.9
100.2
100.6
99.1
95.6
94.3
92.7
88.9
89.9
92.2
92.2
95.3
100.0
105.4
109.4
115.7
120.4
117.3
108.4
100.0
99.6
98.5

159.7
150.3
140.4
132.2
132.1
127.4
122.5
118.2
113.9
114.2
111.4
105.4
101.9
98.3
95.0
95.4
97.8
95.2
96.6
100.0
103.9
105.9
112.3
114.9
110.2
103.4
96.2
97.1
98.5

138.9
131.3
124.9
120.0
116.8
1119
108.2
105.5
102.2
101.1
100.0
96.8
95.1
93.5
90.3
90.8
93.5
94.6
95.8
100.0
105.9
108.6
115.1
117.8
115.1
108.6
103.2
101.1
97.8

163.2
154.4
145.5
137.5
136.0
130 8
124.2
119.8
116.2
114.7
112.5
106.5
102.9
99.2
96.3
96.3
99.2
97.8
97.0
100.0
104.4
105.1
111.8
112.5
108.1
103.7
99.3
98.5
97.8

5.1
.4

(2)
-4.4

(2)
-3.4

-1.3
-3.8

f2
)
-2.9

1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output based on data from the American Petroleum Institute and the
Interstate Commerce Commission. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Interstate Commerce Commission.

139

Table 258. Telephone communications (SIC 4811): Indexes of output per employee hour, output per employee, output,
employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .......... ......................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1951-86 ............................
1981-86............................

Output per
employee hour

Output per
employee

Output

Employee hours

Employees

31.8
37.4
40.7
43.5
46.7
48.5
50.6
52.9
56.9
60.4
61.7
62.1
66.8
70.0
74.6
78.4
85.9
93.3
100.0
105.8
110.8
118.1
124.4
129.1
145.1
143.0
149.9
158.9

30.6
34.6
37.2
40.1
43.5
46.8
48.9
51.3
53.8
56.1
60.1
62.3
61.4
63.8
69.3
74.3
78.3
84.0
91.2
100.0
106.6
111.6
118.9
125.1
128.8
145.1
144.8
154.4
165.0

23.4
25.6
27.4
29.1
31.2
33.5
36.1
39.4
43.5
47.2
51.0
56.6
60.4
63.4
69.2
76.2
81.8
84.8
90.8
100.0
110.8
122.2
133.2
140.7
144.2
146.6
149.1
153.8
157.2

73.6
72.6
73.2
71.5
71.8
71.8
74.4
77.8
82.2
83.0
84.5
91.8
97.2
94.9
98.9
102.2
104.3
98.7
97.3
100.0
104.7
110.3
112.8
113.1
111.7
101.0
104.3
102.6
98.9

76.5
73.9
73.7
72.5
71.8
71.6
73.8
76.8
80.8
84.2
84.8
90.9
98.4
99.4
99.8
102.5
104.5
101.0
99.6
100.0
103.9
109.5
112.0
112.5
112.0
101.0
103.0
99.6
95.3

6.1
4.8

6.2
5.7

7.7
2.2

1.5
-2.5

1.4
-3.3

35.3

the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, the GTE Corporation, and the
seven regional operating companies. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Federal Communications Commission,




140

Table 259. Gas and electric utilities (SIC 491, 492, 493): Indexes of output per employee hour and output
per employee, 1958-86
( 1977= 100)
Output per hour '

Output per employee '

All employees

Nonsupervisory workers

All employees

Nonsupervisory workers

40.6
44.3
47.2
50.0
54.0
57.4
61.6
64.3
69.0
72.0
77.2
82.0
84.6
69.2
92 3
93.6
92.0
95.7
98.2
100.0
98 2
97.6
96.2
94 4
89.3
88.1
91.4
90.5
88.9

37.4
41.0
43.9
46.6
50.5
54.1
58.3
60.8
65.5
68.7
73.6
78.6
81.1
85.9
89.2
91.0
91.1
94.3
97.4
100.0
99.3
98.7
97.3
95.5
91.2
91.0
95.1
94.2
92.6

40.2
44.1
46.9
49.5
53.8
57.3
61.6
64.5
69.5
72.5
77.6
82.7
85.2
89.4
92.9
94.8
92.5
95.3
98.1
100.0
99.4
98.6
97.5
94.9
89.9
88.6
92.1
91.3
89.8

36.9
40.7
43.6
46.2
50.3
53.9
58.1
61.0
65.9
69.1
74.0
79.2
81.7
86.1
89.8
92.2
90.5
93.9
97.2
100.0
100.5
99 9
98.5
95.9
91.8
91.4
95.7
95.1
93.7

4.5
-.6

Index:
1958 .......................................
1959 .......................................
1960 .......................................
1961 .......................................
1962 ......................................
1963 .......................................
1964 ......................................
1965 .......................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ......................................
1968 ......................................
1969 ......................................
1970 .......................................
1971 .......................................
1972 .......................................
1973 .......................................
1974 ......................................
1975 .......................................
1976 .......................................
1977 .......................................
1978 .......................................
1979 .......................................
1980 ......................................
1981 .......................................
1982 .......................................
1983 .......................................
1984 .......................................
1985 ......................................
1986 2 ...................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 .................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 .................................

5.0

4.5
-.5

5.0
.1

' The output measures underlying the output per employee hour
and output per employee indexes relate to the total production of the
industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single group
of employees
2 Preliminary.
3 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures

in this table may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the American Gas
Association: the Rural Electrification Administration, U S. Department
of Agriculture; the Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department
of Energy, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 260. Gas and electric utilities (SIC 491, 492, 493): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Employee hours
Year

Employees

Output
All employees

Index:
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963

......................................
...................................
....................................
......................................
......................................
......................................

1964

......................................

1965 ......................................
1966 ......................................
1967 ......................................
1968 .....................................
1969 ......................................
1970 ......................................
1971 ......................................
1972 ......................................
1973 ......................................
1974 ......................................
1975 ......................................
1976 ......................................
1977 ......................................
1978 ......................................
1979 ......................................
1980 .....................................
1981 ......................................
1982 ......................................
1983 ......................................
1984 .....................................
1985 ......................................
1986 ' ...................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-86 .................................
1981-86 .................................

Nonsupervisory workers

All employees

Nonsupervisory workers

34 2
37.5
40.0
42.0
45.2
48.1
51.9
55.0
59.7
63 4
69.0
75.1
79.6
83.9
89.3
93.2
92.6
93.7
96.4
100.0
103.4
106.4
107.8
108.2
105.4
104.7
110.0
110.4
108.6

84.2
84.6
84.7
84.0
83.7
83.8
84 2
856
865
88.0
89.4
91.6
94.1
94.1
96.7
996
100.6
97.9
98.2
100.0
105.3
109.0
112.0
114.6
118.0
118.8
120.4
122.0
122.1

91.5
91.5
91.2
90.1
89.5
88.9
89.0
90.5
91.1
92.3
93.8
95.5
98.2
97.7
100.1
102.4
101.7
99.4
99.0
100.0
104.1
107.8
110.8
113.3
115.6
115.1
115.7
117.2
117.0

85.1
85.1
85.2
84.8
84.0
83.9
84.3
85.3
85.9
87.5
88 9
90.8
93.4
93.8
96.1
98.3
100.1
98.3
98.3
100.0
104.0
107.7
110.6
114 0
117.2
118.2
119.5
120.9
120.9

92.6
92.1
91 8
91.0
89.8
892
89.3
90.2
90.6
91.7
933
94 8
97.4
97.4
99.4
101.1
102.3
99.8
99.2
100.0
1029
106.5
109.4
112.8
114 8
114.5
114.9
116.1
115.9

5.8
.6

1.2
1.2

.8
.6

1.2
1.1

.8
.5

' Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the American Gas Association; the Rural




Electrification Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture; the Energy Information
Administration, U.S. Department of Energy; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

141

Table 261. Electric utilities (SIC 491, 493 part): Indexes of output per employee hour, output per employee, output, employee
hours, and employees, 1958-86
( 1977 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Output per
employee hour

Output per
employee

Output

Employee hours

Employees

34.7
38.7
41.3
44.1
47.6
51.0
54.9
57.9
62.5
65.1
70.1
74.3
77.1
81.4
85.6
88.4
87.1
92.9
95.6
100.0
96.8
95.4
94.0
93.0
89.5
90.9
94.4
93.5
94.6

34.4
38.4
41.0
43.6
47.3
50.8
54.7
58.1
62.8
65.4
70.4
75.0
77.6
81.7
86.3
90.1
87.9
92.1
95.4
100.0
98.6
97.0
95.6
93.5
90.2
91.5
95.0
94.7
95.6

27.4
30.3
32.4
34.2
36.8
39.5
42.8
46.1
50.4
53.8
59.2
64.9
69.7
74.2
80.5
86.9
86.8
89.7
93.5
100.0
103.6
106.2
108.4
109.3
108.2
111.3
117.9
120.1
122.8

78.9
78.3
78.5
77.6
77.3
77.4
77.9
79.6
80.7
82.6
84.5
87.4
90.4
91.2
94.0
98.3
99.7
96.6
97.8
100.0
107.0
111.3
115.3
117.5
120.9
122.4
124.9
128.4
129.8

79.7
78.9
79.0
78.4
77.8
77.7
78.3
79.4
80.2
82.3
84.1
86.5
89.8
90.8
93.3
96.5
98.8
97.4
98.0
100.0
105.1
109.5
113.4
116.9
119.9
121.7
124.1
126.8
128.4

3.5
.7

3.6
.8

5.6
2.8

2.1
2.0

2.0
1.9

1 Preliminary.
Departm ent of Agriculture; and the Energy Information Administration, U.S.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
Departm ent of Energy. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of
may differ from those previously published.
Labor Statistics.
SO URCE: Output based on data from the Rural Electrification Administration, U.S.

Table 262. Gas utilities (SIC 492, 493 part): Indexes of output per employee hour, output per employee, output, employee
hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958 .......................................
1959 .......................................
1960 .......................................
1961 .......................................
1962 .......................................
1963 ........................................
1964 .......................................
1965 .......................................
1966 .......................................
1967 .......................................
1968 .......................................
1969 .......................................
1970 .......................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 .......................................
1975 .........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .......................................
1979 .......................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984
........................
1985 .........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Output per
em ployee hour

Output per
employee

Output

Employee hours

Employees

55.7
58.4
62.3
64.6
69.6
72.6
77.7
79.6
84.5
88.6
94.1
100.3
102.1
106.9
107.6
104.5
102.0
101.4
103.5
100.0
101.4
103.4
102.1
98.1
89.0
81.1
83.6
82.1
75.3

55.1
58.3
62.0
64.4
69.6
72.9
78.0
80.3
85.3
89.2
94.6
100.6
102.9
106.9
108.2
105.0
102.1
101.4
103.1
100.0
101.5
103.4
102.1
98.4
89.2
81.4
84.3
82.6
76.0

54.1
58.3
62.2
64.5
69.0
72.2
77.3
80.1
85.2
89.2
94.9
101.8
105.0
108.2
111.1
107.7
105.3
102.0
102.4
100.0
102.9
106.8
106.2
105.5
98.6
89.3
91.5
88.1
78.3

97.2
99.9
99.8
99.9
99.2
99.5
99.5
100.6
100.8
100.7
100.9
101.5
102.8
101.2
103.3
103.1
103.2
100.6
98.9
100.0
101.5
103.3
104.0
107.5
110.8
110.1
109.5
107.3
104.0

98.1
100.0
100.3
100.2
99.2
99.1
99.1
99.7
99.9
100.0
100.3
101.2
102.0
101.2
102.7
102.6
103.1
100.6
99.3
100.0
101.4
103.3
104.0
107.2
110.5
109.7
108.5
106.7
103.0

1.3
-4 .3

1.3
-4 .2

1.6
-5 .0

.3
-.8

.3
-.9

1 Preliminary.
SO U R C E: Output based on data from the American Gas Association. Employment
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
may differ from those previously published.




142

Table 263. Hardware stores (SIC 5251): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output, hours of all
persons, and all persons,1 1972-86
(1977 = 100)
Year
Index:
1972 .........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-86 ..................................
1981-86 ...................................

Output per hour of all
persons

Output per person

Output

Hours of all persons

All persons

101.1
98.9
95.3
97.9
95.9
100.0
100.2
114.7
111.4
107.3
108.9
107.0
112.8
111.4
118.1

102.8
99.9
95.7
98.2
99.5
100.0
101.2
111.8
107.5
103.2
104.9
103.1
108.5
106.3
112.2

90.8
90.0
88.9
92.4
95.0
100.0
104.0
116.1
112.4
106.2
103.6
105.8
118.4
117.0
120.9

89.8
91.0
93.3
94.4
99.1
100.0
103.8
101.2
100.9
99.0
95.1
98.9
105.0
105.0
102.4

88.3
90.1
92.9
94.1
95.5
100.0
102.8
103.8
104.6
102.9
98.8
102.6
109.1
110.1
107.8

1.3
1.7

.7
1.5

2.2
3.3

.9
1.5

1.4
1.8

1 All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.

SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the
Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce; and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. Persons and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the
Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 264. Department stores (SIC 5311): Indexes of output per employee hour, output per employee, output, employee
hours, and employees, 1967-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Y ear
Index:
1967 ........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 ........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 6 7 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Output per
employee hour

Output per
employee

Output

Employee hours

Employees

77.9
79.3
78.3
78.2
83.0
84.0
87.1
85.3
89.9
94.6
100.0
101.9
102.5
101.0
106.0
107.4
114.9
122.1
125.0
130.3

84.6
85.1
83.1
82.3
87.3
88.8
91.6
88.9
92.6
96.2
100.0
99.8
100.8
98.4
103.4
105.0
112.3
117.5
118.7
121.9

64.6
69.1
71.1
71.9
78.5
84.8
90.7
87.5
87.9
93.3
100.0
105.6
106.0
103.1
108.4
108.2
115.1
126.2
129.5
135.1

82.9
87.1
90.8
91.9
94.6
100.9
104.1
102.6
97.8
98.6
100.0
103.6
103.4
102.1
102.3
100.7
100.2
103.4
103.6
103.7

76.4
81.2
85.6
87.4
89.9
95.5
99.0
98.4
94.9
97.0
100.0
105.8
105.2
104.8
104.8
103.0
102.5
107.4
109.1
110.8

2.8
4.5

2.0
3.6

3.6
5.1

.8
.5

1.6
1.4

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




S O U R C E : Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

143

Table 265. Retail food stores (SIC 54): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output, hours of all
persons, and all persons,1 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Y ear
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Output per hour of all
persons

Output per person

Output

Hours of all persons

All persons

73.8
76.9
79.3
82.4
83.5
87.6
89.5
91.9
94.4
98.0
103.0
103.9
109.8
110.4
110.3
105.5
101.1
100.7
102.0
100.0
94.9
96.3
98.9
95.2
93.5
93.9
93.6
94.2
93.0

88.7
92.3
93.8
96.4
97.6
100.5
102.8
103.7
104.0
106.1
109.3
108.5
113.7
113.9
113.5
108.5
102.5
100.4
103.0
100.0
94.4
94.3
94.4
90.6
88.7
88.9
88.0
87.1
85.6

68.5
71.6
73.5
75.3
76.9
77.5
81.3
84.3
85.7
87.4
91.5
93.4
99.0
100.5
102.0
99.1
97.2
97.0
100.8
100.0
99.6
101.7
104.7
103.4
103.3
105.7
107.4
110.2
112.2

92.8
93.1
92.7
91.4
92.1
88.5
90.8
91.7
90.8
89.2
88.8
89.9
90.2
91.0
92.5
93.9
96.1
96.3
98.8
100.0
104.9
105.6
105.9
108.6
110.5
112.6
114.8
117.0
120.6

77.2
77.6
78.4
78.1
78.8
77.1
79.1
81.3
82.4
82.4
83.7
86.1
87.1
88.2
89.9
91.3
94.8
96.6
97.9
100.0
105.5
107.9
110.9
114.1
116.4
118.9
122.1
126.5
131.0

.6
-.3

-.4
-1 .0

1.6
1.8

1.0
2.1

2.0
2.8

1 All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of

Economic Analysis, U.S. D epartm ent of Com merce; the Bureau of Labor Statistics;
and the Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives Service, U.S. Departm ent of
Agriculture. Persons and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics;
the Bureau of the Census; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S. D epartm ent of the
Treasury.

Table 266. Franchised new car dealers (SIC 5511): Indexes of output per employee hour, output per employee, output,
employee hours, and employees, 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
I9 6 0 .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 .........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 .........................................
1986 1 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ...................................
1981-86 ...................................

Output per
em ployee hour

Output per
employee

Output

Employee hours

Employees

62.3
70.6
71.5
68.1
73.0
74.4
73.8
79.2
79.9
81.0
85.5
85.8
86.1
91.7
94.9
96.3
93.2
95.0
98.6
100.0
100.2
97.7
99.6
98.1
100.4
109.4
110.4
109.7
111.3

70.6
80.7
81.4
76.8
81.8
83.5
83.3
88.8
88.0
87.4
91.0
90.2
89.7
95.2
98.0
98.8
94.9
96.5
99.8
100.0
98.9
96.6
97.5
96.1
97.6
106.0
107.1
106.0
106.4

52.4
61.2
62.9
56.1
61.2
65.2
67.4
75.2
76.1
75.0
80.8
83.1
81.3
87.3
94.8
98.9
89.1
87.9
95.8
100.0
103.6
100.7
90.6
84.8
84.5
95.5
106.1
113.3
118.5

84.1
86.7
88.0
82.4
83.8
87.6
91.3
95.0
95.2
92.6
94.5
96.9
94.4
95.2
99.9
102.7
95.6
92.5
97.2
100.0
103.4
103.1
91.0
86.4
84.2
87.3
96.1
103.3
106.5

74.2
75.8
77.3
73.0
74.8
78.1
80.9
84.7
86.5
85.8
88.8
92.1
90.6
91.7
96.7
100.1
93.9
91.1
96.0
100.0
104.7
104.2
92.9
88.2
86.6
90.1
99.1
106.9
111.4

1.9
2.6

1.1
2.2

2.3
7.9

.4
5.1

1.1
5.6

1 Preliminary.
Labor Statistics, the National Automobile Dealers Association, and W ard’s
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
Communications, Inc. (W ard’s Automotive Yearbooks). Employment and hours based
may differ from those previously published.
on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census, the Bureau of




144

Table 267. Gasoline service stations (SIC 5541): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output, hours
of all persons, and all persons,1 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958 .........................................
1959 .........................................
196G .........................................
1961 .........................................
1962 .........................................
1963 .........................................
1964 .........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 ........................................
1967 ........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

—

Output per hour of all
persons

Output per person

Output

Hours of ail persons

All persons

48.9
50.7
51.9
53.5
53.7
56.3
57.2
59.2
62.0
63.2
67.5
68.2
75.3
77.7
80.9
86.6
87.3
85.6
94.3
100.0
102.8
106.9
104.3
105.8
110.7
118.1
121.0
122.6
126.6

59.9
61.9
63.2
65.1
64.9
67.8
69.2
70.8
73.0
73.3
77.1
76.7
82.9
85.8
88.9
91.9
91.2
90.0
95.7
100.0
102.2
104.0
101.8
103.2
106.6
112.7
114.3
113.5
117.5

53.7
55.8
58.0
60.5
60.2
64.4
66.8
70.4
74.2
75.4
81.6
83.7
90.2
93.9
99.7
101.5
90.6
93.2
97.4
100.0
101.1
94.5
89.3
88.1
86.9
90.6
92.1
90.7
95.2

109.8
110.0
111.7
113.1
112.2
114.3
116.8
119.0
119.7
119.3
120.3
122.8
119.8
120.9
123.3
117.2
103.8
108.9
103.3
100.0
98.3
88.4
85.6
83.3
78.5
76.7
76.1
74.0
75.2

89.6
90.2
91.7
92.9
92.8
95.0
96.'6
99.5
101.6
102.8
105.9
109.1
108.8
109.4
112.1
110.5
99.3
103.5
101.8
100.0
98.9
90.9
87.7
85.4
81.5
80.4
80.6
79.9
81.0

3.7
3.6

2.5
2.5

2.0
1.5

-1 .6
-2 .0

-.5
-.9

1 All persons include paid em ployees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.

SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the
Bureau of the Census. Persons and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics; the Bureau of the Census; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S.
Departm ent of the Treasury.

Table 268. Apparel and accessory stores (SIC 56): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output,
hours of all persons, and all persons,1 1967-86
(1977 = 100)
Y ear
Index:
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Output per hour of all
persons

Output per person

Output

Hours of all persons

All persons

82.1
84.2
83.4
82.2
84.6
91.5
100.2
99.5
105.3
103.3
100.0
111.4
114.4
120.1
127.1
130.9
137.8
146.6
152.2
162.8

87.7
88.0
86.9
85.9
88.1
93.2
101.9
100.6
106.1
104.1
100.0
110.6
112.3
116.7
123.4
126.7
132.5
141.0
144.3
152.5

70.2
73.0
74.3
74.0
78.3
83.2
92.6
90.9
95.0
99.3
100.0
114.9
121.1
126.2
135.2
137.1
146.5
157.9
167.3
182.5

85.5
86.7
89.1
90.0
92.6
90.9
92.4
91.4
90.2
96.1
100.0
103.1
105.9
105.1
106.4
104.7
106.3
107.7
109.9
112.1

80.0
83.0
85.5
86.1
88.9
89.3
90.9
90.4
89.5
95.4
100.0
103.9
107.8
108.1
109.6
108.2
110.6
112.0
115.9
119.7

3.7
5.1

3.0
4.4

5.2
6.4

1.4
1.2

2.1
1.9

1 All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table




may differ from those previously published.
SO URCE: Output, persons, and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics; the Bureau of the Census; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S.
D epartm ent of the Treasury.

145

Table 269. Men’s and boys’ clothing stores (SIC 5611): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output,
hours of all persons, and all persons,1 1967-86
(1977 = 100)
Year
Index:
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 1 .....................................
2
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 6 7 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Output per hour of all
persons

Output per person

Output

Hours of all persons

All persons

75.9
79.8
84.0
83.5
87.4
99.7
104.3
96.7
99.2
98.5
100.0
105.6

106.4
115.6
115.7
120.1
127.2
133.2
144.3

88.4
88.5
89.3
85.8
88.6
99.5
105.6
98.6
103.8
98.0
100.0
104.9
107.1
105.6
112.8
112.1
115.7
122.2
126.5
137.2

102.0
100.7
96.4
97.5
100.2
101.8
108.8

89.8
93.4
96.8
99.7
100.2
101.9
100.1
98.5
96.6
100.9
100.0
100.0
99.2
95.9
87.1
83.3
81.2
78.8
76.4
75.4

85.9
90.2
94.1
97.3
98.7
100.2
98.8
98.1
95.6
100.5
100.0
100.7
100.2
96.6
89.3
86.0
84.3
82.0
80.5
79.3

2.6
4.6

2.1
4.1

1.3
1.7

-1 .2
-2 .8

-.7
-2 .3

84.5
85.4
86.8
83.8
87.2
97.8
104.2
98.2
102.7

97.6
100.0
105.6
108.2

107.3

SO URCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the
Bureau of the Census. Persons and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics; the Bureau of the Census; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S.
Departm ent of the Treasury.

1 All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.

Table 270. Women’s ready-to-wear stores (SIC 5621): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output,
hours of all persons, and all persons,1 1967-86
(1977 = 100)
Y ear
Index:
1967 .........................................
1968 ........... .............................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........... .............................
1975 .........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 ........... .............................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 2 .....................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 6 7 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Output per hour of all
persons

Output per person

Output

Hours of all persons

All persons

72.2
74.4
74.6
77.5
83.8
87.2
94.9
96.9
107.0
104.9
100.0
113.9
120.7
125.5
139.0
158.2
169.7
178.4
187.8
206.6

78.9
78.8
79.0
81.3
87.3
89.5
96.8
97.9
107.9
106.3
100.0
112.0
117.2
120.5
133.1
150.5
162.6
171.3
176.9
190.1

62.2
64.0
66.2
68.5
76.3
79.4
87.8
88.0
96.7
102.3
100.0
116.6
124.9
128.5
140.7
151.7
167.2
181.4
195.5
216.9

86.1
86.0
88.7
88.4
91.1
91.1
92.5
90.8
90.4
97.5
100.0
102.4
103.5
102.4
101.2
95.9
98.5
101.7
104.1
105.0

78.8
81.2
83.8
84.3
87.4
88.7
90.7
89.9
89.6
96.2
100.0
104.1
106.6
106.6
105.7
100.8
102.8
105.9
110.5
114.1

5.7
7.5

4.9
6.9

6.8
9.0

1.0
1.3

1.8
2.0

1 All persons include paid em ployees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO URCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the
Bureau of the Census. Persons and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics; the Bureau of the Census; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S.
Departm ent of the Treasury.

146

Table 271. Family clothing stores (SIC 5651): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output, hours of
all persons, and all persons,1 1967-86
(1977 = 100)
Year
Index:
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 6 7 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Output per hour of all
persons

Output per person

Output

Hours of all persons

All persons

75.7
78.7
75.9
76.0
85.8
95.1
109.6
107.7
109.7
107.4
100.0
100.3
107.7
122.6
131.4
139.6
149.8
148.1
142.5
141.3

81.3
83.6
81.9
82.6
90.4
96.9
109.8
107.7
109.5
106.6
100.0
100.2
104.4
115.7
125.1
134.2
141.8
140.3
133.2
131.1

58.6
60.6
61.7
61.6
69.0
74.0
85.5
86.2
89.1
93.4
100.0
104.9
112.2
124.1
135.2
146.6
160.9
169.3
175.1
185.7

77.4
77.0
81.3
81.1
80.4
77.8
78.0
80.0
81.2
87.0
100.0
104.6
104.2
101.2
102.9
105.0
107.4
114.3
122.9
131.4

72.1
72.5
75.3
74.6
76.3
76.4
77.9
80.0
81.4
87.6
100.0
104.7
107.5
107.3
108.1
109.2
113.5
120.7
131.5
141.7

3.8
1.2

2.9
.6

6.7
6.4

2.8
5.1

3.6
5.8

SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the
Bureau of the Census. Persons and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics; the Bureau of the Census; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S.
D epartm ent of the Treasury.

1 All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.

Table 272. Shoe stores (SIC 5661): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output, hours of all persons,
and all persons,1 1967-86
(1977 = 100)
Y ear
Index:
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 2 .....................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 6 7 -8 6 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Output per hour of all
persons

Output per person

Output

Hours of all persons

All persons

96.4
99.1
105.7
96.5
87.7
95.6
101.4
88.8
95.5
97.6
100.0
109.3
112.2
109.3
113.0
108.9
110.0
116.5
128.1
141.1

101.1
101.4
105.3
98.6
90.3
95.4
102.5
90.6
95.3
97.6
100.0
108.7
110.8
107.6
111.0
105.6
106.9
112.3
122.2
134.8

81.1
86.7
92.1
85.3
83.9
88.1
96.1
87.4
89.0
93.2
100.0
112.9
122.6
124.5
133.0
124.8
132.9
138.7
148.6
159.2

84.1
87.5
87.1
88.4
95.7
92.2
94.8
98.4
93.2
95.5
100.0
103.3
109.3
113.9
117.7
114.6
120.8
119.1
116.0
112.8

80.2
85.5
87.5
86.5
92.9
92.3
93.8
96.5
93.4
95.5
100.0
103.9
110.6
115.7
119.8
118.2
124.3
123.5
121.6
118.1

1.6
4.8

1.2
4.3

3.5
4.3

1.9
-.5

2.3
<3)

1 All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary.
3 Less than .05 percent.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table




may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the
Bureau of the Census. Persons and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics; the Bureau of the Census; and the Internal R evenue Service, U.S.
Departm ent of the Treasury.

147

Table 273. Furniture, home furnishings, and equipment stores (SIC 57): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per
person, output, hours of all persons, and all persons,1 1967-86
(1977 = 100)
Year
Index:
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970
...............
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 ....
1974 .........................................
1975
1976 ........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 1 .....................................
2
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Output per hour of all
persons

Output per person

Output

Hours of all persons

All persons

70.2
79.6
76.5
80.1
80.0
89.1
95.3
92.5
91.9
95.3
100.0
100.3
107.6
107.4
112.6
109.2
118.4
128.1
131.0
141.2

75.8
82.9
79.9
82.6
83.3
91.9
96.4
94.0
93.8
96.7
100.0
101.0
107.4
105.9
110.0
105.5
116.2
123.7
126.2
134.1

58.8
64.8
66.5
68.5
71.4
82.7
89.6
89.5
86.7
93.4
100.0
106.2
115.7
113.1
112.9
108.3
124.4
139.2
154.4
172.8

83.8
81.4
86.9
85.5
89.2
92.8
94.0
96.8
94.3
98.0
100.0
105.9
107.5
105.3
100.3
99.2
105.1
108.7
117.9
122.4

77.6
78.2
83.2
82.9
85.7
90.0
92.9
95.2
92.4
96.6
100.0
105.2
107.7
106.8
102.6
102.7
107.1
112.5
122.3
128.9

3.2
5.1

2.6
4.6

5.0
9.9

1.8
4.5

2.3
5.0

1 All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfSOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the
employed.
Bureau of the Census, U.S. Departm ent of Commerce; and the Bureau of Labor
2 Preliminary.
Statistics. Persons and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics; the
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
Bureau of the Census; and the Internal Revenure Service, U.S. Departm ent of the
may differ from those previously published.
Treasury.

Table 274. Furniture and home furnishings stores (SIC 571): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person,
output, hours of all persons, and all persons,1 1967-86
(1977 = 100)
Year
Index:
1967 .........................................
1968 .........................................
1969 .........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 .........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 .........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 .........................................
1980 .........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 .........................................
1983 .........................................
1984 .........................................
1985 2 .....................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86 ...................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Output per hour of all
persons

Output per person

Output

Hours of all persons

All persons

71.5
81.8
79.5
79.3
82.8
93,0
96.3
93.1
90.1
94.4
100.0
97.9
104.8
98.0
101.2
97.6
104.1
112.9
108.4
114.3

77.1
85.1
82.3
82.1
85.8
95.7
98.4
95.5
92.6
95.8
100.0
98.7
103.8
97.6
100.0
94.2
102.1
109.6
106.2
110.5

60.4
67.5
69.5
70.2
74.8
87.6
94.7
93.5
85.9
92.0
100.0
105.4
112.8
107.3
104.3
98.2
110.4
122.3
127.7
139.6

84.5
82.5
87.4
88.5
90.3
94.2
98.3
100.4
95.3
97.5
100.0
107.7
107.6
109.5
103.1
100.6
106.1
108.3
117.8
122.1

78.3
79.3
84.4
85.5
87.2
91.5
96.2
97.9
92.8
96.0
100.0
106.8
108.7
109.9
104.3
104.2
108.1
111.6
120.2
126.3

2.0
2.9

1.5
2.7

3.7
6.9

1.7
3.9

2.2
4.1

1 All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SO URCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the
Bureau of the Census, U.S. D epartm ent of Commerce; and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. Persons and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics; the
Bureau of the Census; and the Internal Revenure Service, U.S. Departm ent of the
Treasury.

148

Table 275. Appliance, radio, television, and music stores (SIC 572, 573): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per
person, output, hours of all persons, and all persons,1 1967-86
( 1977 = 100)
Year
Index:
1967 ........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 ........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 ........................................
1973 ........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 ........................................
1976 ........................................
1977 ........................................
1978 ........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 ........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 1 .....................................
2
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1 9 6 7 -8 6 ..................................
1 9 8 1 -8 6 ...................................

Output per hour of all
persons

Output per person

Output

Hours of all persons

All persons

68.2
76.3
72.1
81.2
75.9
83.4
94.1
91.8
94.8
96.5
100.0
104.0
112.4
124.0
132.4
128.7
143.4
154.7
172.8
191.8

74.0
79.5
76.3
83.6
79.7
86.2
93.7
92.0
95.6
97.7
100.0
104.6
113.5
120.6
127.1
124.4
140.7
148.4
162.5
177.3

56.5
60.9
62.1
65.9
66.4
75.6
82.3
83.8
87.9
95.3
100.0
107.4
120.5
122.9
127.2
125.0
148.7
168.9
204.1
235.5

82.8
79.8
86.1
81.2
87.5
90.6
87.5
91.3
92.7
98.8
100.0
103.3
107.2
99.1
96.1
97.1
103.7
109.2
118.1
122.8

76.4
76.6
81.4
78.8
83.3
87.7
87.8

5.1
8.4

4.4
7.5

7.0
14.3

5.5

1.9

91.1
91.9
97.5
100.0
102.7
106.2
101.9
100.1
100.5
105.7
113.8
125.6
132.8

2.5
6.4

SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the
Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce; and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. Persons and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics; the
Bureau of the Census; and the Internal Revenure Service, U.S. Department of the
Treasury.

1 All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.

Table 276. Eating and drinking places (SIC 58): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output, hours of
all persons, and all persons,1 1958-86
(1977 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958 ........................................
1959 ........................................
1960 .........................................
1961 ........................................
1962 ........................................
1963 ........................................
1964 ........................................
1965 ........................................
1966 .........................................
1967 .........................................
1968 ........................................
1969 ........................................
1970 .........................................
1971 ........................................
1972 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1974 ........................................
1975 .........................................
1976 .........................................
1977 .........................................
1978 .........................................
1979 ........................................
1980 ........................................
1981 .........................................
1982 ........................................
1983 ........................................
1984 ........................................
1985 2 .....................................
1986 2 .....................................
Average annual percent
change:
19 5 8 -8 6 ...................................
1981-86 ...................................

Output per hour of all
persons

Output per person

Output

Hours of all persons

All persons

89.5
88.4
88.1
88.7
89.3
91.8
90.9
93.7
94.6
97.5
99.7
97.8
101.0
98.3
102.3
103.6
99.1
101.0
101.4
100.0
99.3
99.4
99.5
97.0
96.6
97.1
94.9
93.5
96.3

120.6
119.6
118.3
118.1
118.1
120.1
119.8
121.0
118.4
118.6
119.5
114.1
114.6
110.7
112.2
111.7
104.9
105.5
104.0
100.0
97.5
95.4
93.7
91.7
91.5
92.4
90.4
87.7
89.4

56.3
57.9
58.3
58.2
60.0
61.5
64.2
68.0
70.2
71.4
75.5
76.2
79.3
79.9
84.6
89.1
88.0
92.0
97.1
100.0
104.4
107.8
107.9
108.1
109.6
115.3
120.0
123.2
128.3

62.9
65.5
66.2
65.6
67.2
67.0
70.6
72.6
74.2
73.2
75.7
77.9
78.5
81.3
82.7
86.0
88.8
91.1
95.8
100.0
105.1
108.5
108.4
111.4
113.4
118.8
126.5
131.8
133.2

46.7
48.4
49.3
49.3
50.8
51.2
53.6
56.2
59.3
60.2
63.2
66.8

75.4
79.8
83.9
87.2
93.4
100.0
107.1
113.0
115.1
117.9
119.8
124.8
132.8
140.5
143.5

.3
-.4

-1 .3
-.8

3.1
3.6

2.8
4.1

4.4
4.4

1 All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




69.2

72.2

SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce; and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. Persons and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Bureau of the Census, and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Department of the
Treasury.

149

T a b le 2 7 7 . D ru g a n d p ro p rie ta ry s to re s (S IC 59 12): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r h o u r o f all p e rs o n s , o u tp u t p e r p e rs o n , o u tp u t,
h o u rs o f all p e rs o n s , a n d all p e rs o n s ,1 1 9 5 8 -8 6
( 1977 = 100)

Index:
1958 .....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 .....................................
1967 .....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 .................................. ..
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 2 .................................
1986 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86...............................
1981-86...............................

Output per hour of all
persons

Output per person

Output

Hours of all persons

All persons

45.6
47.4
49.1
50.8
51.8
54.3
56.4
59.9
62.3
67.0
73.0
76.6
83.4
85.0
88.3
97.1
98.2
94.2
97.1
100.0
102.7
103.8
107.0
107.6
107.9
110.1
105.0
100.3
97.0

55.7
58.1
59.6
61.4
64.0
66.0
67.2
70.2
72.0
75.6
80.4
82.2
88.1
90.0
92.6
99.8
101.2
100.0
100.6
100.0
102.9
104.7
103.8
103.4
102.6
104.2
101.7
97.6
94.5

44.2
47.2
49.8
51.3
54.2
55.9
58.1
62.0
65.9
70.0
75.4
78.4
84.2
85.2
89.3
96.7
98.7
97.7
99.4
100.0
102.5
105.9
105.8
105.8
103.9
106.7
108.3
108.3
109.3

96.9
99.6
101.5
101.0
104.6
103.0
103.1
103.5
105.7
104.4
103.3
102.3
100.9
100.2
101.1
99 6
100.5
103.7
102.4
100.0
99.8
102.0
98.9
98.3
96.3
96.9
103.1
108.0
112.7

79.3
81.3
83.6
83.5
84.7
84.7
86.4
88.3
91.5
92.6
93.8
95.4
95.6
94.7
96.4
96.9
97.5
97.7
98.8
100.0
99.6
101.1
101.9
102.3
101.3
102.4
106.5
111.0
115.7

3.4
-2.2

2.3
-1.8

3.4
.9

CM
0 cr>

Year

1.1
2.7

may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. All persons and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census; the Bureau of Labor Statistics; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S.
Department of the Treasury.

1 All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary
3 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table

Table 278. Liquor stores (SIC 5921): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output, hours of all
persons, arid all persons,1 1972-86
(1977 = 100)

Year
Index:
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 .....................................
1982 .....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 .....................................
1985 2 .................................
1986 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-86..............................
198 1-8 6..............................

Output per hour of all
persons

Output per person

Output

Hours of all persons

All persons

101.3
101.2
99.8
96.5
101.0
100.0
94.8
96.5
101.9
103.7
107.8
101.7
99.1
105.9
109.1

102.8
104.7
103.5
99.4
101.2
100.0
92.0
92.1
93.1
93.6
96.1
93.9
89.7
93.3
95.3

94.2
96.7
96.7
96.5
98.0
100.0
98.4
101.6
104.0
102.1
99.9
101.0
94.4
98.0
95.7

93 0
95.6
96 9
100.0
97.0
100 0
103.8
105.3
102.1
98.5
92.7
99.3
95.3
92.5
87.7

91 6
92.4
93.4
97.1
96 8
100 0
106 9
110.3
111.7
109 1
104.0
107.6
105.2
105.0
100.4

.5
.5

-.9
-.1

.1
-1.3

-.3
-1.8

1.0
-1.2

’ All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the
Bureau of the Census. Persons and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics; the Bureau of the Census; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S.
Department of the Treasury.

150

Table 279. Commercial banking (SIC 602): Indexes of output per employee hour, output per employee, output, employee
hours, and employees, 1967-85
(1977=100)

Year
Index:
1967 ....................................
1968 ...................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-85...............................
1981-85...............................

Output per
employee hour

Output per
employee

Output

Employee hours

Employees

83.8
85.3
84.0
85.5
88.6
90.3
95.9
89.8
90.0
95.0
100.0
101.2
99.3
92.7
90.5
93.2
101.7
104.6
109.2

82.9
84.4
83.3
84.2
87.5
89.6
95.1
89.5
89.8
94.8
100.0
101.0
98.6
91.7
90.3
92.9
100.8
104.2
108.0

52.2
56.3
60.0
64.5
69.1
74.3
83.2
82.9
84.6
91.8
100.0
106.0
108.9
106.1
108.1
113.0
122.6
127.8
134.7

62.3
66.0
71.4
75.4
78.0
82.3
86.8
92.3
94.0
96.6
100.0
104.7
109.7
114.5
119.4
121.3
120.6
122.2
123.3

63.0
66.7
72.0
76.6
79.0
82.9
87.5
92.6
94.2
96.8
100.0
104.9
110.5
115.7
119.7
121.7
121.6
122.6
124.7

1.2
5.0

1.2
4.8

5.1
5.8

3.9
.7

3.9
.9

Corporation; the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Developement; the American
Bankers Association; the VISA and Interbank Association; the American Council of
Life Insurance; and the National Automatic Clearing House Association. Employment
and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta; the
Board of Governors, Federal Reserve System; the Federal Deposit Insurance

Table 280. Hotels, motels, and tourist courts (SIC 7011): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output,
hours of all persons, and all persons,1 1958-86
(1977 = 100)

Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 2 .................................
1986 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86 ...............................
198 1-8 6...............................

Output per hour of all
persons

Output per person

Output

Hours of all persons

All persons

63.7
64.5
66.0
63.9
68.3
71.5
71.7
77.1
77.3
82.9
80.3
81.1
85.1
76.2
90.2
92.1
89.2
89.7
95.7
100.0
101.8
100.0
95.0
91.6
88.8
95.4
102.1
97.5
92.8

80.1
81.0
82.6
79.1
83.5
87.0
86.3
91.8
90.3
95.3
90.9
90.7
93.3
81.7
95.4
97.9
93.5
91.7
97.6
100.0
101.9
100.3
94.5
91.4
88.1
94.8
101.1
96.4
92.4

47.8
49.5
51.7
50.0
53.6
56.2
57.9
63.4
64.6
69.5
68.7
70.6
73.6
66.4
81.2
86.9
85.9
86.2
94.6
100.0
105.3
111.7
107.0
108.0
106.0
117.7
134.0
136.4
136.2

75.0
76.8
78.3
78.2
78.5
78.6
80.7
82.2
83.6
83.8
85.6
87.1
86.5
87.1
90.0
94.4
96.3
96.1
98.9
100.0
103.4
111.7
112.6
117.9
119.4
123.4
131.3
139.9
146.8

59.7
61.1
62.6
63.2
64.2
64.6
67.1
69.1
71.5
72.9
75.6
77.8
78.9
81.3
85.1
88.8
91.9
94.0
96.9
100.0
103.3
111.4
113.2
118.2
120.3
124.1
132.6
141.5
147.4

1.6
1.2

.6
1.1

3.9
6.0

2.2
4.8

3.3
4.8

1 All persons include paid employees and the self-employed.
SOURCE: Output, persons, and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics; Bureau of the Census; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Department
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
of the Treasury.
may differ from those previously published.

2 Preliminary.




151

T a b le 2 8 1 . L a u n d ry a n d c le a n in g s e rv ic e s (S IC 72 1): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r h o u r o f all p e rs o n s , o u tp u t p e r p e rs o n , o u tp u t,
h o u rs o f ail p e rs o n s , an d all p e rs o n s ,1 1 9 5 8 -8 6
( 1977 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977

.....................................
....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
....................................
.....................................
....................................
....................................
.....................................
.....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
.....................................
.....................................
....................................
....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 2 .................................
1986 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-86...............................
1981-86...............................

Output per hour of all
persons

Output per person

Output

Hours of all persons

All persons

80.5
83.5
79.3
83.4
83.4
83.1
89.0
83.7
89.0
95.9
98.8
97.1
95.5
97.5
99.8
99.1
98.3
96.9
97.4
100.0
104.2
97.5
90.6
88.1
90.2
90.1
92.1
87.0
84.9

91.3
95.5
90.6
94.8
94.5
95.9
101.2
95.5
99.1
103.2
103.2
101.7
98.4
98.1
102.2
103.1
100.5
98.1
98.0
100.0
104.4
97.5
90.7
87.1
87.4
87.7
89.9
86.2
84.4

139.8
145.6
138.1
143.8
144.3
150.0
157.5
151.9
160.1
162.3
159.4
153.2
142.2
130.4
129.4
122.1
111.0
104.1
99.7
100.0
103.9
1978
99.5
94.7
88.1
84.6
87.1
92.8
92.7
92.1

173.6
174.3
174.1
172.4
173.1
180.5
177.0
181.4
179 9
169.2
161.4
157.7
148.9
133.8
129.6
123.2
112.9
107.4
102.4
100.0
99.7
102.1
104.5
100.0
93.8
96.7
100.8
106.5
108.5

153.1
152.5
152.5
151.7
152.7
156 4
155.7
159.0
161.6
157.2
154.4
150.6
144.5
132.9
126.6
118.4
110.5
106.1
101.7
100.0
99.5
102.1
104 4
101.2
96.8
99.3
103.2
107.5
109.1

.4
-.8

-.3
-.5

-2.3
1.6

-2.7
2.4

-2.0
2.1

1 All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.

SOURCE: Output, persons, and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics; Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S.
Department of Commerce; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Department of the
Treasury.

Table 282. Beauty and barber shops (SIC 7231, 7241): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output,
hours of all persons, and all persons,1 1972-86
(1977 = 100)

Year
Index:
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 .....................................
1979 .....................................
1980 .....................................
1981 .....................................
1982 .....................................
1983 .....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 2 .................................
1986 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-86...............................
1981-86 ...............................

Output per hour of all
persons

Output per person

Output

Hours of all persons

All persons

105.0
100.7
101.4
98.7
95.0
100.0
103.6
107.4
102.9
109.2
108.3
114.1
103.9
98.5
98.7

109.0
105.1
102.6
99.3
95.8
100.0
102.9
104.2
99.7
104.7
101.1
106.5
100.5
97.8
98.1

108 6
106.7
101.5
97.6
94.4
100.0
105.3
105.6
103.6
99.9
97.8
109.8
108.5
110.8
113.2

103 4
106 0
100.1
98.9
99 4
100.0
101.6
98.3
100 7
91 5
90.3
96 2
104 4
112 5
114 7

99.6
101.5
98.9
98.3
98.5
100.0
102.3
101.3
103.9
95.4
96.7
103.1
108 0
113.3
115 4

.2
-2.5

-.3
-1.4

.5
2.9

.3
5.5

.8
4.3

’ All persons include paid employees and the self-employed.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the
2 Preliminary.
Bureau of the Census. Persons and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
Statistics; the Bureau of the Census; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S.
may differ from those previously published.
Department of the Treasury.




152

T a b le 2 8 3 . B e a u ty s h o p s (S IC 7 2 3 1 ): In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r h o u r o f all p e rs o n s , o u tp u t p e r p e rs o n , o u tp u t, h o u rs o f all
p e rs o n s , an d all p e rs o n s ,1 1 9 7 2 -8 6
(1977 = 100)
Year
Index:
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 1 .................................
2
1986 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-86...............................
198 1-8 6 ...............................

Output per hour of all
persons

Output per person

Output

Hours of all persons

All persons

110.1
106.2
106.2
100.1
94.3
100.0
104.7
108.0
106.2
114.7
113.1
120.0
112.3
104.0
103.2

112.8
108.7
106.1
99.0
94.7
100.0
104.2
106.0
102.7
109.6
105.6
113.3
108.6
103.9
103.2

103.9
102.1
99.6
94.5
91.3
100.0
106.2
108.4
107.2
105.1
103.9
119.4
119.7
121.7
124.3

94.4
96.1
93.8
94.4
96.8
100.0
101.4
100.4
100.9
91.6
91.9
99.5
106.6
117.0
120.4

92.1
93.9
93.9
95.5
96.4
100.0
101.9
102.3
104.4
95.9
98.4
105.4
110.2
117.1
120.4

.5
-2.4

.1
-1.1

1.7
3.8

1.2
6.4

1.6
5.0

SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the
Bureau of the Census. Persons and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics; the Bureau of the Census; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S.
Department of the Treasury.

’ All persons include paid employees and the self-employed.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.

Table 284. Automotive repair shops (SIC 753): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output, hours of
all persons, and all persons,1 1972-86
(1977=100)
Year
Index:
1972 ....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 .....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-86...............................
1981-86 ...............................

Output per hour of all
persons

Output per person

Output

Hours of all persons

All persons

103.5
104.0
107.9
101.9
104.3
100.0
100.9
100.4
96.0
93.6
87.7
86.2
88.5
96.2
94.1

104.7
107.5
111.0
103.0
105.4
100.0
100.5
101.2
96.1
92.2
86.6
85.8
87.6
95.1
93.3

83.1
88.6
93.1
92.9
98.0
100.0
106.0
111.9
106.8
103.0
102.0
108.4
119.5
138.6
139.1

80.3
85.2
86.3
91.2
94.0
100.0
105.1
111.4
111.2
110.0
116.3
125.8
135.1
144.1
147.8

79.4
82.4
83.9
90.2
93.0
100.0
105.5
110.6
111.1
111.7
117.8
126.4
136.4
145.7
149.1

-1.2
.9

-1.5
1.0

3.0
7.5

4.3
6.5

4.6
6.4

1 All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.




SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the
Bureau of the Census. Persons and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistic ; the Bureau of the Census; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S.
Department of the Treasury.

153

Part II. Multifactor Productivity
Trends for Selected Industries

Measures of multifactor productivity for the steel and motor
vehicle industries are the first measures to be published from
the Bureau’s industry multifactor productivity project. Meas­
ures for additional industries will be published in future issues
of this bulletin as they are completed.
In multi factor productivity measures, output is related to
combined inputs of labor, capital, and intermediate pur­
chases. The relationship between multifactor productivity and
labor productivity (in which output is related only to labor
input) is shown in table 285 and is illustrated in charts 2 and
3. Multifactor productivity is equal to output per hour ad­
justed to remove the effects of changes in capital per hour
and intermediate purchases per hour. These effects are meas­
ured as the change in the nonlabor to labor input ratio,
weighted by the nonlabor input’s share in total output. The
capital effect, for example, is the change in the capital-labor
ratio weighted by capital’s share in output. Multifactor pro­
ductivity measures still reflect the impact of many influences
such as economies of scale, capacity utilization, and skill and
effort of the work force as well as technological change.
Table 286 presents, for the steel industry, indexes of mul­
tifactor productivity and single factor productivity, where
output is related to each single input factor alone. Table 287
presents the indexes of output, combined inputs, and inputs
of labor, capital, and intermediate purchases separately.
Tables 288 and 289 present these same indexes for the motor
vehicle and equipment industry. A discussion of productivity
trends for these two industries follows here.
Table 285. Multifactor productivity growth and its relationship
to output per hour, steel and motor vehicles and equipment,
1958-85
(Average annual percent change)
Measure

Steel

M otor vehicles
and equipm ent

M ultifactor productivity ..........................

0.9

1.2

equals
O utput per hour ......................................

2.2

2.9

minus
Capital effect 1 ..........................................

0.2

(2)

1.0

1.6

and minus
Interm ediate purchases e ffe c t3 .........

1 The capital effect is the cha n g e in capital relative to labor over the given tim e
period w eighted by the share of capital in total output.
2 Less than 0.05 percent.
3 The interm ediate purchases effect is the cha nge in interm ediate purchases
relative to labor over the given tim e period w eighted by the share of inter­
m ediate purchases in total output.




154

Steel (SIC 331)
Multifactor productivity in the steel industry grew at an
average annual rate of 0.9 percent per year between 1958
and 1985 as output rose at a rate of 0.4 percent and com­
bined inputs fell 0.6 percent per year. This performance com­
pared with growth of 2.2 percent per year in output per hour.
The difference between the growth rate of labor productivity
(output per hour) and that of multifactor productivity was
attributable to a 0.2-percent average annual growth in the
capital effect (the change in the capital-labor ratio weighted
by the capital share of about 15 percent) and a 1.0-percent
intermediate purchases effect (the change in the ratio of in­
termediate purchases to labor weighted by the intermediate
purchases share of about 50 percent). (See chart 2.)
Movements of multifactor productivity in both the steel and
motor vehicle industries varied considerably depending on the
period being examined. Peak-to-peak periods are examined
here in order to remove the effects of cyclical movements in
output. The steel industry experienced a noticeable slowdown
in multifactor productivity during the mid- to late 1970’s,
followed by an acceleration during the early to mid-1980’s.
Between 1960 and 1974, multifactor productivity grew at
a rate of about 1.1 percent per year, as output growth (2.8
percent per year) exceeded the growth in inputs (1.7 per­
cent per year). The increase in labor hours was relatively
slow, resulting in increases in the capital-labor and interme­
diate purchases-labor ratios over the period.
Between 1974 and 1979, multifactor productivity fell by
0.1 percent per year as output showed no change on aver­
age while inputs rose only 0.1 percent per year. During the
1974-79 period, capital investment declined, resulting in the
short run in increased obsolescence of plant and equipment
and a less efficient use of intermediate purchases. Interme­
diate purchases rose slightly during this period while labor
hours and capital both declined, resulting in an increase in
the intermediate purchases-labor ratio and almost no change
in the capital-labor ratio.
Industry output contracted in the third period (1979-85),
but multifactor productivity accelerated considerably, gain­
ing 3.4 percent per year, on average. Combined inputs
declined faster than output (-9.2 versus -6.1 percent per year)
as the restructuring of the industry, begun in the previous
period, continued. Some large, integrated mills with obsoles­
cent plants and equipment closed, while diffusion of tech­
nological changes such as the electric arc furnace and the




Chart 2. Multifactor productivity for steel (SIC 331), 1958-85
(M ultifactor productivity equals output per hour m inus the effects of capital
and interm ediate purchases)

Multifactor
productivity

Output
per
hour

Capital
effect

Intermediate
purchases
effect

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

A verage annual percent change

Chart 3. Multifactor productivity for motor vehicles and
equipment (SIC 371), 1958-85
(M ultifactor productivity equals output per hour m inus the effects
of capital and interm ediate purchases)

A verage annual percent change

SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

1 55

2.5

than did multifactor productivity during that period.
Motor vehicle output rose at about the same average an­
nual rate—5.8 percent—between 1973 and 1978 as between
1960 and 1973. However, multifactor productivity grew at
a faster rate in the second period (2.1 versus 1.2 percent),
as input growth slowed to 3.7 percent on average. Intermedi­
ate purchases growth slowed relative to output growth dur­
ing this period, partly resulting from the downsizing of
automobiles. Growth in labor hours and capital slowed even
more, however. Capital growth in particular was slow in the
second period, resulting in a declining capital-labor ratio dur­
ing that time, while the intermediate purchases-labor ratio
increased. While the change in the capital-labor ratio had a
slight contributory effect in explaining the difference between
labor productivity and multifactor productivity in the first
period, its impact was slightly negative in the second period.
From 1978 to 1985, output continued to grow, but at a
much slower rate (1.7 percent per year, on average) than
it had during the first two periods. The rate of growth of
combined inputs also slowed (to 0.9 percent per year), but
not as much as output growth. The result was a slowdown
in multifactor productivity growth to a rate of 0.8 percent
during this period. Both labor and capital declined during
this period; intermediate purchases increased, however. The
intermediate purchases effect made up the entire difference
between labor productivity and multifactor productivity dur­
ing this period and in fact was a larger source of the growth
in labor productivity than was multifactor productivity.

continuous casting method increased. Labor hours fell faster
than capital or intermediate purchases in this period, and both
the capital-labor and intermediate purchases-labor ratios
increased.
Motor vehicles and equipment (SIC 371)
Multifactor productivity in the motor vehicle and equipment
industry grew at an average annual rate of 1.2 percent per year
between 1958 and 1985, as output gains averaged 3.8 per­
cent per year and combined inputs rose at a 2.5-percent rate.
Labor productivity (output per hour) grew by 2.9 percent per
year. The difference between the growth of labor productivi­
ty and that of multifactor productivity was almost entirely at­
tributable to the intermediate purchases effect. Changes in the
capital-labor ratio were so slight as to have virtually no effect
on labor productivity over the period as a whole (chart 3).
Unlike the manufacturing sector as a whole, the motor
vehicle industry did not experience a multifactor produc­
tivity slowdown during the 1970’s. The industry did ex­
perience such a slowdown in the early 1980’s, however. From
1960 to 1973, multifactor productivity in the motor vehicle
industry grew at a rate of 1.2 percent per year, on average.
Motor vehicle output increased an average of 5.7 percent per
year, while combined inputs increased 4.5 percent per year.
Intermediate purchases increased much faster than did capi­
tal or labor, however, and the increase in the intermediate
purchases-labor ratio contributed more to labor productivity




156

Table 286. Steel (SIC 331): Multifactor and related productivity indexes,' 1958-85
(1977= 100)

Multifactor
productivity

Output per
unit of
capital

Output per
unit of
intermediate
purchases

65.8
73.0
69.2
71.9
74.0
78.1
82.4
85.3
87.4
84.8
86.4
88.4
86.7
90.7
96.4
103.8
109.4
96.0
99.8
100.0
105.2
106.6
105.8
112.1
98.1
119.5
131.3
140.5

76.1
87.2
87.4
82.7
85.2
91.8
103.6
108.9
105.8
93.4
93.9
95.8
88.6
85.4
94.4
112.9
121.8
92.7
97.9
100.0
110.0
114.3
99.5
108.2
72.5
82.6
95.4
97.3

106.2
105.5
99.2
101.9
99.9
101.5
107.3
109.3
109.0
98.5
97.9
98.1
98.8
99.7
97.2
101.6
108.2
95.9
101.9
100.0
103.6
101.5
100.7
95.5
96.8
114.0
113.6
116.0

.9
6.2

Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85...............................
1981-85...............................

Output per
hour

84.9
90.1
86.0
87.4
87.9
91.5
98.0
100.9
100.9
92.9
93.4
94.5
93.0
94.4
96.6
104.0
110.7
95.6
100.8
100.0
104.8
104.4
102.4
101.6
96.4
115.0
119.4
123.6

Year

2.2
7.7

.4
.6

.1
5.6

1 The output measures underlying the productivity indexes relate to
the total net production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single factor of production.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures
in this table may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the American Iron and Steel
Institute; the Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of

Energy; and the Bureau of the Census. Hours based on data from the
American Iron and Steel Institute and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Capital based on data from the Internal Revenue Service, U.S.
Department of the Treasury; Moody's Investor’s Service; the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of the
Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Intermediate purchases
based on data form the Bureau of Economic Analysis; the Bureau of
the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 287. Steel (SIC 331): Output and input indexes, 1958-85
(1977=100)

Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85...............................
198 1-8 5...............................

Output

Combined
inputs

Hours

Capital

Intermediate
purchases

66.7
76.2
77.1
74.4
76.6
82.1
94.3
102.0
103.3
96.0
100.2
104.3
97.1
92.2
99.3
116.2
122.4
93.0
98.4
100.0
108.7
111.3
95.3
102.0
66.6
72.4
80.0
78.1

78.5
84.6
89.6
85.1
87.2
89.8
96.3
101.1
102.3
103.4
107.3
110.4
104.4
97.7
102.8
111.7
110.5
97.2
97.6
100.0
103.7
106.6
93.1
100.4
69.1
63.0
67.0
63.2

101.3
104.5
111.4
103.4
103.6
105.2
114.5
119.6
118.1
113.3
115.9
118.1
112.1
101.7
102.9
111.9
111.9
96.8
98.6
100.0
103.3
104.5
90.1
91.0
67.9
60.6
60.9
55.6

87.7
87.4
88.2
90.0
89.9
89.4
91.0
93.7
97.6
102.8
106.7
108.9
109.6
107.9
105.2
102.9
100.5
100.3
100.5
100.0
98.8
97.4
95.8
94.3
91.8
87.7
83.9
80.3

62.8
72.2
77.7
73.0
76.7
80.9
87.9
93.3
94.8
97.5
102.3
106.3
98.3
92.5
102.2
114.4
113.1
97.0
96.6
100.0
104.9
109.7
94.6
106.8
68.8
63.5
70.4
67.3

.4
-3.5

-.6
-9.1

-1.8
-10.4

-.1
-3.9

.3
-8.6

Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the American Iron and Steel Institute; the
Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy; and the Bureau of the
Census. Hours based on data from the American Iron and Steel Institute and the
1




Bureau of Labor Statistics. Capital based on data from the Internal Revenue Service,
U.S. Department of the Treasury; Moody's Investor’s Service; the Bureau of Economic
Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of the Census; and the Bureau
of Labor Statistics.
Intermediate purchases based on data form the Bureau of
Economic Analysis; the Bureau of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

157

Table 288. M o to r vehicles and e q u ip m e n t (SIC 371): M u ltifacto r and related p ro d u c tivity in d ex es,’
19 58-85
( 1977= 100)
Multifactor
productivity

Year

Index:
1958 ...................................
1959 ...................................
1960 ...................................
1961 ...................................
1962 ...................................
1963 ...................................
1964 ...................................
1965 ...................................
1966 ...................................
1967 ...................................
1968 ...................................
1969 ...................................
1970 ...................................
1971 ...................................
1972 ...................................
1973 ...................................
1974 ...................................
1975 ...................................
1976 ...................................
1977 ...................................
1978 ...................................
1979 ...................................
1980 ......................! ..........
1981 ...................................
1982 ...................................
1983 ...................................
1984 ...................................
1985 ................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85 ..............................
1981-85 ..............................

2

Output per
hour

Output per
unit of
capital

Oulput per
unit of
intermediate
purchases

64.3
70.5
74.2
73.8
80.4
84.2
83.9
87.1
85.2
81.4
87.8
88.2
81.8
85.6
89.2
92.4
91.5
93.1
97.9
100.0
100.1
98.8
89.6
90.3
90.9
96.7
101.1
105.1

47.2
51.6
56.1
56.8
62.2
64.9
65.4
69.8
69.8
70.0
76.0
74.4
71.4
83.0
84.7
86.1
82.2
88.1
94.1
100.0
99.6
97.5
89.8
92.0
96.2
109.4
115.3
121.2

36.1
47.2
53.9
48.6
63.8
70.4
68.2
76.7
71.0
61.9
73.6
70.8
56.3
72.3
79.4
87.4
71.8
68.6
89.5
100.0
98.0
86.8
61.8
62.9
57.2
80.7
104.1
110.9

86.6
90.6
91.4
93.4
94.9
97.6
97.7
97.3
96.4
92.6
96.9
99.9
95.1
90.1
93.3
95.8
100.7
101.5
101.4
100.0
100.7
102.0
95.0
95.1
95.6
94.1
93.9
96.7

1.2
4.2

2.9
7.6

2.1
18.9

2
.2

' The output measures underlying the productivity indexes relate to
the total net production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single factor of production.
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures
in this table may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from company records; the Motor
Vehicle Manufacturers Association of the U.S., Inc.; the Gousha/Times
Mirror Company (Automobile Invoice Service); Ward's Communications,

Inc. (Ward's Automotive Yearbooks); the Bureau of the Census; and
the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Hours based on data from the Bureau
of Labor Statistics and company records. Capital based on data from
the Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Department of the Treasury;
Moody's Investor’s Service; the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S.
Department of Commerce; the Bureau of the Census; and the Bureau
of Labor Statistics. Intermediate purchases based on data from the
Bureau of Economic Analysis; the Bureau of the Census; and the
Bureau of Labor Statistics.

2

Table 289. Motor vehicles and equipment (SIC 371): Output and input indexes, 1958-85
(1977=100)
Year
Index:
1958 ...................................
1959 ..................................
1960 ..................................
1961 ..................................
1962 ..................................
1963 ...................................
1964 ..................................
1965 ...................................
1966 ...................................
1967 ...................................
1968 ...................................
1969 ...................................
1970 ...................................
1971 ...................................
1972 ...................................
1973 ...................................
1974 ...................................
1975 ...................................
1976 ...................................
1977 ...................................
1978 ...................................
1979 ...................................
1980 ..................................
1981 ...................................
1982 ..................................
1983 ...................................
1984 ...................................
1985 ' ................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-85 .............................
1981-85 .............................

Output

Combined
inputs

Hours

Capital

Intermediate
purchases

27.7
35.7
40.5
35.1
44.3
49.6
51.0
62.4
62.2
56.6
69.1
68.7
55.8
70.1
76.8
88.2
73.7
68.2
86.0
100.0
104.2
96.2
68 9
71.9
65.9
85.2
104.2
111.9

43.1
50.6
54.6
47.5
55.1
58.9
60.8
71.6
72.9
69.6
78.7
77.8
68.2
81.9
86.1
95.5
80.5
73.2
87.9
100.0
104.1
97.3
76.9
79.6
72.5
88.0
103.1
106.5

58 8
69.1
72.1
61.7
71.1
76.5
78.0
89.3
89.1
80.9
90.9
92.3
78.2
84.5
90.6
102.4
89.7
77.4
91.4
100.0
104.7
98.7
76.8
78.1
68.5
77.9
904
92.4

76.7
75.6
75.2
72.2
694
70.5
74.8
81.4
87.6
91.4
93.9
97.0
99.1
97.0
96.7
100.9
102.7
99.4
96.1
100.0
106.3
110.8
111.5
114.3
115.3
105.6
100.1
100.9

32.0
39.4
44.3
37.6
46.7
50.8
52.2
64.1
64.5
61.1
71.3
68.8
58.7
77.8
82.3
92.1
73.2
67.2
84.8
100.0
103.5
94.3
72.5
75.6
68.9
90.5
111.0
115.7

3.8
14.4

2.5
9.8

.9
6.3

1.7
-3.7

3.6
14.2

based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and company records. Capital
based on data from the Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Department of the Treasury;
Moody’s Investor’s Service; the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of
Commerce; the Bureau of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Intermediate purchases based on data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis; the
Bureau of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

’ Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from company records; the Motor Vehicle
Manufacturers Association of the U.S., Inc.; the Gousha/Times Mirror Company
(Automobile Invoice Service); Ward’s Communications, Inc. (Ward's Automotive
Yearbooks); the Bureau of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Hours




158

Part III. Labor Productivity Trends
for Selected Government
Functions and Services

ment—to a decline of 7.5 percent for traffic management.
Productivity increased in 19 functions and decreased in 9.
The regulation—compliance and enforcement—function in­
cluded 64 organizations in 1986 that enforced Federal rules,
regulations, and laws. Organizational examples include coal
mine inspection, hazardous substance response, customs, and
consumer product safety. The 8.4-percent increase in produc­
tivity in this function in 1986 was driven by a 9.1-percent
increase in output; labor input increased 0.7 percent. The
1985 increase in productivity was 2.8 percent.
The traffic management function, which includes those organ­
izations responsible for arranging for the movement of people
and goods, showed a 7.5-percent drop in productivity in 1986.
Both output and employee years declined in 1986, but the 8.1percent decrease in output exceeded the 0.7-percent drop in em­
ployment. Each of the three organizational units that were in­
cluded under this function experienced decreasing output in 1986.
The postal service function, the largest of the 28 functions
in terms of employees, includes only a single organization,
the U.S. Postal Service. In 1986, its productivity grew 1.3
percent, up from 0.4 percent in 1985. During 1986, output
increased 4.4 percent while labor increased 3.0 percent.

Federal Government
Current developments
Output per employee year increased 1.7 percent in fiscal
1986 in the measured sample of Federal Government organi­
zations (table 290). This gain reflected a 2.3-percent increase
in output and a 0.6-percent increase in employee years. The
1986 productivity rate surpassed the 1985 rate of 0.7 percent.
The measure covers a sample of Federal agencies drawn
from 60 agencies and representing 380 organizational units
in fiscal 1986. The organizations included 2.0 million Ex­
ecutive Branch civilian employees representing 68 percent
of the total Federal civilian labor force. Agency employee
coverage ranged from 100 percent to 1.2 percent.
The Federal organizational units are divided into 28 func­
tional categories based on similarity of tasks performed (for
example, auditing, medical, personnel, transportation) to bet­
ter identify and understand the forces which affect Federal
productivity. (See table 291.) The change in output per em­
ployee year for the 28 functions in 1986 ranged from an in­
crease of 8.4 percent for regulation—compliance and enforce­

Table 290. Federal Government-Total sample: Indexes of output per employee year and related data, 1967-86
(1977 = 100)

Fiscal year
Index:
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86 ...............................
1981-86...............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

86.5
87.5
89.6
90.0
91.4
92.0
94.6
94.1
95.5
97.1
100.0
101.7
102.3
104.5
107.0
108.6
110.3
110.6
111.3
113.2

86.4
89.6
92.5
92.8
94.0
94.2
95.7
95.9
97.5
98.3
100.0
102.3
103.1
106.1
107.6
108.9
111.7
114.4
117.4
120.1

99.9
102.5
103.3
103.1
102.8
102.4
101.2
101.9
102.1
101.1
100.0
100.6
100.7
101.5
100.5
100.3
101.3
103.4
105.5
106.1

43.9
46.1
49.5
55.1
61.5
66.0
69.9
75.7
83.0
91.8
100.0
106.8
113.7
123.1
134.8
143.6
150.6
157.5
165.6
170.8

50.7
52.7
55.3
61.3
67.3
71.7
74.0
80.4
86.9
94.5
100.0
105.1
111.2
117.8
126.0
132.3
136.5
142.4
148.8
150.8

1.5
1.0

1.6
2.3

.1
1.3

7.9
4.8

6.3
3.8

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.




159

Table 291. Definitions of functional categories
1. Audit of operations: Organizations responsible for reviewing,
evaluating, and analyzing Federal programs and operations.
2. Buildings and grounds: Organizations responsible for the
construction, maintenance, repair, alteration, services, and security
of Federal buildings, installations, or grounds.
3. Communications: Organizations responsible for processing
messages and performing telecommunications services.
4. Education and training: Organizations responsible for providing
general or specialized education or training.
5. Electric power production and distribution: Organizations
responsible for generating, transmitting, or selling electricity.
6. Equipment maintenance: Organizations responsible for the
maintenance and repair of motor vehicles and equipment and the
calibration of instruments.
7. Finance and accounting: Organizations responsible for maintaining
accounting records, processing payroll vouchers and invoices, and
related activities.
8. General support services: Organizations performing overall
administrative and supportive activities including automatic data
processing, internal mail delivery, graphics, and planning.
9. Information services: Organizations responsible for preparing or
distributing statistical, scientific, technical, or other information.
10. Legal and judicial activities: Organizations responsible for instituting
proceedings in a court or administrative tribunal or rendering
decisions in a judicial capacity.
11. Library services: Organizations responsible for providing research
and reference services for Federal agencies, Congress, or the
public.
12. Loans and grants: Organizations responsible for issuing research
grants, making awards, offering various types of loans, and
borrowing funds from the public.
13. Medical services: Organizations responsible for operating health
care facilities and providing medical, hospital, dental, laboratory,
or nursing service for disease prevention or treatment.
14. Military base services: Military organizations responsible for
providing commissary, laundry, dry cleaning, or food services.

15. Natural resources and environmental management: Organizations
responsible for developing or overseeing programs which affect
natural resources or the environment.
16. Personnel investigations: Organizations responsible for conducting
personnel security checks or criminal investigations of Federal
employees.
17. Personnel management: Organizations responsible for providing
personnel services including recruitment, position classification,
employee development, and equal employment opportunity
counseling.
18. Postal service: U.S. Postal Service, which delivers mail and provides
related services (SIC 4311).
19. Printing and duplication: Organizations responsible for printing or
reproducing reports, manuals, circulars, or other documents.
20. Procurement: Organizations responsible for purchasing supplies,
equipment, or services.
21. Records management: Organizations responsible for maintaining,
classifying, storing, or searching records.
22. Regulation—compliance and enforcement: Organizations engaged in
activities to ensure compliance with established rules and regulations.
23. Regulation—rulemaking and licensing: Organizations responsible
for issuing licenses, permits, or other authorizations in governmentcontrolled activities.
24. Social services and benefits: Organizations responsible for the
payment of benefits or claims, or for improving the welfare of the
public or a special group.
25. Specialized manufacturing: Organizations involved in the production
of physical outputs such as helium, munitions, chemicals, and
currency.
26. Supply and inventory control: Organizations responsible for
distributing supplies and equipment and for the management of
inventories.
27. Traffic management: Organizations responsible for arranging for
the movement of people or cargo.
28. Transportation: Organizations responsible for moving or assisting
in the movement of people or cargo.

Long-term trends

ranged from an annual average increase of 10.4 percent for
communications to a 2.8-percent average annual decline for
military base services; in the latter case there has been a
movement to contract out operations. Long-term employee
year trends ranged from a 4.7-percent average annual
increase for electric power production and distribution to an
average annual decline of 3.9 percent for supply and
inventory control.
Communications had the largest average annual increase
in productivity over the long term (10.9 percent for 1973-86)
of any of the 28 functions. Between 1973 and 1982,
productivity increased at an average annual rate of 11.8
percent. However, the increase has slowed dramatically in
recent years. Between 1982 and 1986 the average annual
percent increase was 6.7 percent, and in 1986 it was 4.5
percent. The six organizations that were included in this
functional group in 1986 were in the Department of Defense,
the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and the
Department of State.
The function with the second largest long-term average
annual increase in productivity (4.7 percent) was finance and
accounting, which includes internal government operations

Over the long term, 1967-86, output per employee year
in the Federal sample rose at an average annual rate of 1.5
percent (chart 4). The year-to-year changes in productivity
ranged from a decline of 0.5 percent in 1974, the only year
in which productivity declined, to an increase of 2.9 percent
in 1977. rrhe overall increase in Federal productivity reflected
an average rise of 1.6 percent in output and a 0.1-percent
increase in labor input. Output increased annually at rates
ranging from 0.2 percent in 1974 to 3.7 percent in 1968.
Annual rates of change in employee years ranged from a drop
of 1.2 percent in 1973 to an increase of 2.6 percent in 1968.
Long-term productivity trends for the 28 functions range
from a 10.9-percent annual growth for communications to
a 2.9-percent annual decline for electric power production
and distribution. The latter function is the only one to show
a decline over the long term.
Shifts in program emphasis and delivery of government
services over the long term are reflected in both output and
employee year trends. In almost one-fourth (6 of 28) of the
functions, output indexes declined. Long-term output trends




160

Chart 4. Output per employee year in the Federal Government by functional category
and for total measured sample, fiscal years 1967-86
(Average annual percent change)

Communications
Finance and accounting
Library services
General support services
Buildings and grounds
Regulation - rulemaking and licensing
Loans and grants
Records management
Specialized manufacturing
Procurement
Regulation - compliance and enforcement
Personnel investigations
Transportation
Social services and benefits
Traffic management
Education and training
Natural resources and environmental mgmt
Total measured sample
Postal service
Supply and inventory control
information services
Audit of operations
Equipment maintenance
Personnel management
Military base services
Printing and duplication
Medical services
Legal and judicial activities
Electric power

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

10

SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics. U S. D epartm ent of Labor




161

12

such as payroll and voucher operations, and final govern­
ment services, such as Treasury bill and bond sales to the
public. In 1986, there were 18 organizations included under
this function. Finance and accounting productivity, which
has improved in 15 of the 18 years measured, has been driven
by the automation of many of the routine processing opera­
tions. In one organization that serves the public, productivity
doubled in one year as output mushroomed, operations were
mechanized, and employment was held roughly constant.
Electric power production and distribution registered the
only long-term decrease in productivity of the 28 functions.
Productivity has decreased in 12 of the 18 years measured,
which is a reflection of decreasing output, particularly in re­
cent years. Employment has been cut back over the past 6
years, but the decrease in output has exceeded the cut in in­
put by a wide margin.

Compensation and unit labor cost
Compensation per employee year, which includes fringe
benefits as well as salaries and wages, in the Federal agen­
cies increased 3.1 percent in fiscal 1986. Unit labor cost,
which reflects the interaction of changes in employee com­
pensation and productivity, increased 1.4 percent in 1986.
The 1985 rates were 5.2 percent for compensation per em­
ployee year and 4.5 percent for unit labor cost.
In 1986, changes in compensation per employee year for
the 28 functions ranged from an increase of 12.2 percent for
electric power production and distribution to a decrease of
3.3 percent for traffic management. Traffic management, and
natural resources and environmental management were the
only two functions that showed decreasing compensation per
employee year. The change in unit labor cost ranged from
a 20.5-percent increase for electric power production and
distribution to a 5.9 percent decrease for regulationcompliance and enforcement. Six of the 28 functions showed
decreasing unit labor cost in 1986.
Over the long term, compensation per employee year in­
creased at an average annual rate of 7.9 percent between 1967
and 1986, with increases ranging from 11.6 percent in 1971
to 3.1 percent in 1986. While compensation per employee
year has increased every year, the rate of increase has
slowed, particularly in recent years. The average annual in­
crease was 9.0 percent between 1967 and 1972; 8.9 between
1972 and 1977; 7.7 between 1977 and 1982; and 4.5 be­
tween 1982 and 1986. The 1986 figure of 3.1 percent was
the smallest since measurement was begun in 1967.
Unit labor cost increased at an annual rate of 6.3 percent
between 1967 and 1986. The largest increase was 10.8 per­
cent in 1970, the smallest, 1.4 percent in 1986. Like com­
pensation, unit labor cost has increased every year, with the
rate of increase slowing as time progressed: 7.6 percent be­
tween 1967 and 1972; 7.3 between 1972 and 1977; 5.9 be­
tween 1977 and 1982; and 3.6 between 1982 and 1986. This
is a reflection of progressively smaller increases in compen­
sation and increasing productivity.




162

The average annual increase in compensation per employee
year in the 28 functions ranged from a high of 8.8 percent
for the Postal Service, where employees bargain for com­
pensation, to a low of 5.5 percent in personnel management
and in procurement, both part of general government oper­
ations, where employees are not permitted to bargain over
compensation. The change in unit labor cost ranged from
a 10.0-percent average annual increase for electric power
production and generation to an average annual decrease of
3.4 percent for communications.
Communications was the only function that registered a
long-term decrease in unit labor cost, a reflection of rapidly
increasing productivity. Between 1973 and 1982, produc­
tivity increased at an average annual rate of 11.8 percent,
while compensation increased at an average annual rate of
7.5 percent, resulting in a decrease in unit labor cost of 3.8
percent. More recently, productivity growth has slowed and
unit labor cost has increased. In 1986, unit labor cost in­
creased 3.4 percent.
The electric power production and distribution function
registered the largest average annual increase in unit labor
cost, 10.0 percent. Unit labor cost has risen rapidly through­
out the measured period—an average annual increase of 2.9
percent between 1967 and 1972; 11.2 percent between 1972
and 1977; 12.7 percent between 1977 and 1982; and 13.7
percent between 1982 and 1986. The increases are primar­
ily a reflection of changes in productivity, as noted above,
which have been kindled by oil embargoes, recessions, in­
flation, high interest rates, and problems with nuclear plant
construction and operation.

State and Local Government
Electric services (SIC 4911)
State and local government electric power services output
per employee year increased 0.4 percent in 1985, the last
year for which data are available, as output and employment
increased 2.9 and 2.5 percent respectively. In 1984, output
and employment also increased but productivity dropped as
employment grew more rapidly than output. The long-term
productivity trend (1967-85) shows an average annual in­
crease of 1.7 percent, with output increasing at a rate of 3.3
percent and employment increasing at 1.6 percent. However,
over the 1980-85 period, productivity trends declined at an
average annual rate of 1.5 percent as employment increased
at a more rapid rate than output (2.9 versus 1.2 percent).

Unemployment insurance (SIC 9441 pt.)
State unemployment insurance productivity increased 4.8
percent in fiscal 1986 as output dropped 3.1 percent and in­
puts were cut 7.4 percent. In 1985, productivity increased 2.9
percent and output and employment dropped 1.2 percent and
4.1 percent respectively. The decrease in output over the past
3 years is a reflection of decreasing unemployment in the

the latest year for which data are available, as output and
input dropped 2.6 and 1.1, respectively. In 1984, produc­
tivity increased as output and employment dropped. The drop
in output and input in 1984 and 1985 was a continuation of
trends that started in 1978, trends which reflect decreasing
demand for spirits and a shift in several States from govern­
ment to private sector operations.

Nation and the resulting drop in unemployment insurance
claims and payments. The long-term (1963-86) average an­
nual increase in productivity was 0.9 percent, with output
increasing at an average annual rate of 4.0 percent and labor
increasing at 3.0 percent. The trends, marked by five dis­
tinct cycles, generally followed the business cycle.

State sales of alcoholic beverages
Output per employee year dropped 1.6 percent in 1985,




163

T a b le 2 9 2 .
1 9 6 7 -8 6

F e d e ra l G o v e r n m e n t-A u d it o f o p e ra tio n s : In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e y e a r a n d re la te d d a ta ,

(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Fiscal year
Index:
1967 .....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 .....................................
1979 .....................................
1980 .....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ......... ...........................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86 ...............................
1981-86...............................

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

112.7
115.0
108.7
100.0
102.2
101.3
103.9
106.1
105.4
107.0
107.6
107.7
108.2

48.9
51.9
55.5
64.3
70.1
75.6
78.1
82.4
85.2
93.1
100.0
108.6
115.4
117.2
126.1
149.4
159.6
166.2
172.5
178.9

62.3
62.6
61.6
71.2
88.7
90.7
87.5
86.9
86.0
95.9
100.0
105.8
114.5
120.1
130.1
160.2
167.6
169.8
171.4
191.0

-1.6
.5

7.1
6.5

6.1
6.3

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

78.4
82.8
90.1
90.3
79.0
83.3
89.2
94.7
99.2
97.1
100.0
102.6
100.8
97.6
97.0
93.3
95.3
97.9
100.6
93.7

113.3
124.3
129.0
120.4
96.6
94.6
99.8
106.8
114.0
105.5
100.0
104.9
102.1
101.4
102.9
98.3
102.0
105.3
108.4
101.3

144.6
150.1
143.2
133.4
122.3
113.6

1.0
.2

-.7
.7

111.9

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.

Table 293. Federal Government-Buildings and grounds: Indexes of output per employee year and related data,
1967-86
(1977 = 100)

Fiscal year
Index:
1967 ....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 .....................................
1979 .....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 .....................................
1984 .....................................
1985 .....................................
1986 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86...............................
1981-86...............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

79.3
78.1
78.7
77.2
76.3
79.0
77.0
80.9
91.7
94.1
100.0
102.6
109.0
109.7
122.1
127.0
127.9
130.4
128.8
125.3

97.7
96.9
94.6
92.1
93.4
94.5
87.6
89.8
103.4
102.5
100.0
102.6
106.7
109.3
116.0
115.3
114.4
116.4
116.0
110.9

123.1
124.0
120.1
119.3
122.4
119.6
113.9
110.9
112.7
108.9
100.0
100.0
97.9
99.6
95.0
90.8
89.4
89.2
90.0
88.5

40.1
41.6
46.1
51.8
56.3
63.1
68.1
75.4
80.2
89.1
100.0
102.9
110.7
112.7
125.8
130.4
124.8
127.0
129.6
137.9

50.5
53.3
58.5
67.2
73.8
79.9
88.5
93.1
87.5
94.6
100.0
100.3
101.6
102.7
103.0
102.6
97.5
' 97.4
100.6
110.0

3.5
.5

1.4
-.5

-2.0
-1.1

7.1
1.3

3.5
.8

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.




164

T a b le 29 4.
1 9 7 3 -8 6

F e d e ra l G o v e rn m e n t-C o m m u n ic a tio n s : In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e y e a r a n d re la te d d a ta ,

(1977 = 100)
Fiscal year
Index:
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 .....................................
1979 .....................................
1980 .....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 .....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 ’ .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1973-86...............................
1981-86...............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

70.0
74.6
82.5
88.1
100.0
111.1
112.8
145.0
178.4
183.2
196.1
213.8
226.1
236.3

68.8
77.0
82.9
89.6
100.0
111.4
113.5
142.7
167.4
166.8
185.5
209.1
223.9
232.7

98.3
103.2
100.6
101.8
100.0
100.3
100.7
98.4
93.8
91.0
94.6
97.8
99.0
98.5

76.5
82.0
89.5
96.2
100.0
107.3
114.6
118.7
136.4
155.7
156.3
162.7
170.8
184.5

109.3
109.9
108.5
109.2
100.0
96.5
101.6
81.9
76.5
84.9
79.7
76.1
75.5
78.1

10.9
6.2

10.4
7.9

-.4
1.5

7.1
5.4

-3.4
-.8

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.

Table 295. Federal Government-Education and training: Indexes of output per employee year and related data,
1968-86
(1977 = 100)

Fiscal year
Index:
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 .....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 .....................................
1982 .....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1968-86...............................
1981-86...............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

91.5
91.6
83.4
84.0
86.9
84.9
83.5
81.0
88.5
100.0
98.7
104.8
105.4
115.8
111.8
109.2
108.1
108.6
109.2

98.5
107.8
109.3
109.3
113.1
109.6
100.5
95.3
93.5
100.0
95.3
95.5
99.1
100.6
106.4
105.0
106.3
109.0
110.9

107.6
117.7
131.0
130.1
130.2
129.1
120.3
117.7
105.6
100.0
96.5
91.1
94.0
86.8
95.2
96.1
98.3
100.4
101.5

49.1
53.2
56.5
61.9
71.5
73.6
80.0
85.3
91.0
100.0
103.6
108.8
118.3
132.8
141.8
150.1
157.3
164.3
173.5

53.6
58.0
67.7
73.7
82.3
86.7
95.7
105.4
102.8
100.0
104.9
103.7
112.2
114.6
126.9
137.4
145.5
151.4
158.8

1.8
-1.1

(2)
1.7

-1.8
2.8

7.4
5.4

5.5
6.5

1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.




165

T a b le 2 9 6 . F e d e ra l G o v e r n m e n t-E le c tric p o w e r: p ro d u c tio n an d d is trib u tio n : In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e y e a r a n d re la te d
d a ta , 1 9 6 7 -8 6
(1977 = 100)
Fiscal year
Index:
1967 .....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 .....................................
1979 .....................................
1980 .....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 .....................................
1986 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86...............................
1981-86...............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

86.9
94.8
103.1
111.1
107.5
114.1
112.6
110.3
108.2
104.1
100.0
102.2
90.7
92.2
85.6
62.8
77.9
67.2
58.5
54.5

38.9
49.5
55.8
64.6
73.4
83.1
76.2
74.8
80.0
87.1
100.0
123.4
123.4
127.7
118.4
76.8
83.3
65.9
56.4
45.2

44.7
52.2
54.1
58.1
68.3
72.8
67.7
67.8
74.0
83.7
100.0
120.7
136.2
138.5
138.3
122.3
106.9
98.0
96.4
82.9

45.9
48.8
52.8
56.9
62.9
68.1
71.8
75.6
81.3
93.6
100.0
107.7
115.6
120.7
120.6
121.5
132.9
142.1
146.9
164.7

52.9
51.5
51.3
51.2
58.6
59.6
63.7
68.5
75.2
89.9
100.0
105.4
127.5
131.0
140.9
193.4
170.6
211.5
250.9
302.4

-2.9
-7.2

1.7
-15.7

4.7
-9.1

6.8
6.5

10.0
14.7

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.

Table 297. Federal Government-Equipment maintenance: Indexes of output per employee year and related data,
1968-86
(1977 = 100)

Fiscal year
Index:
1968 .....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ........................... .........
1971 .....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 .....................................
1979 .....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 .....................................
1982 .....................................
1983 .....................................
1984 .....................................
1985 .....................................
1986 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1968-86...............................
198 1-8 6...............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

95.4
99.5
97.8
105.0
103.9
98.4
100.7
101.1
101.6
100.0
104.1
105.1
106.3
110.3
110.5
110.5
115.5
117.1
119.3

136.6
142.1
123.6
118.6
119.9
110.8
107.5
107.8
104.3
100.0
104.2
103.0
99.4
104.0
104.6
106.1
111.1
113.3
115.4

143.1
142.8
126.4
112.9
115.4
112.6
106 7
106.6
102.7
100.0
100.1
98.0
93.5
94.3
94.6
96.0
96.2
96.7
96.8

47.7
56.4
61.2
68.3
68.9
72.6
78.7
85.8
93.4
100.0
109.2
113.8
126.2
143.1
147.8
156.5
168.6
174.7
180.5

50.0
56.7
62 6
65.0
66.3
73.8
78.1
84.9
92.0
100.0
104.9
108.2
118.7
129.8
133.7
141.6
146.0
149.2
151.3

1.0
1.8

-1.0
2.3

-2.1
.6

7.6
5.1

6.5
3.3

1 Preliminary.
NO TE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may differ from those previously published.




166

T a b le 29 8.
1 9 6 7 -8 6

F e d e ra l G o v e r n m e n t-F in a n c e a n d a c c o u n tin g : In d e x e s o f o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e y e a r a n d re la te d d a ta ,

(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )
Fiscal year
Index:
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ...................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ........... ........................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 ....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86...............................
1981-86...............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

78.3
80.3
81.1
83.7
84.9
83.5
82.5
85.3
92.6
98.7
100.0
103.1
107.6
121.3
127.9
150.8
166.6
163.9
163.2
170.0

93.1
96.2
99.2
99.2
99.1
98.2
96.0
94.0
96.9
99.8
100.0
98.3
100.5
116.4
121.4
132.2
142.4
145.7
148.2
155.9

118.8
119.7
122.2
118.5
116.7
117.6
116.3
110.1
104.6
101.1
100.0
95.3
93.4
95.9
94.9
87.7
85.5
88.9
90.8
91.6

49.0
51.8
54.2
61.4
66.2
70.9
74.7
81.3
88.0
94.9
100.0
109.5
117.4
126.9
135.9
144.8
154.3
164.3
171.0
172.6

62.6
64.5
66.8
73.3
77.9
84.9
90.5
95.3
95.0
96.1
100.0
106.2
109.1
104.6
106.3
96.0
92.6
100.3
104.7
101.5

4.7
4.8

2.6
4.7

-2.0
-.1

7.3
5.1

2.5
.3

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.

Table 299. Federal Government-General support services: Indexes of output per employee year and related data,
1967-86
(1977 = 100)

Fiscal year
Index:
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 ....................................
1979 ....................................
1980 ....................................
1981 ....................................
1982 .....................................
1983 ....................................
1984 ....................................
1985 ....................................
1986 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86 ...............................
1981-86...............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

65.5
71.9
72.5
80.7
83.6
94.4
98.6
101.3
91.2
94.2
100.0
103.6
110.0
114.3
129.3
162.0
158.2
148.6
136.1
143.0

53.1
60.0
62.4
68.2
73.6
80.8
84.8
90.5
88.7
91.9
100.0
109.8
110.6
117.9
127.2
163.0
163.2
167.3
168.2
173.9

81.1
83.4
86.1
84.5
88.1
85.6
85.9
89.3
97.3
97.6
100.0
106.0
100.6
103.1
98.3
100.7
103.2
112.5
123.6
121.6

50.1
51.8
55.2
61.4
64.3
73.2
76.8
88.6
88.3
91.0
100.0
99.5
104.3
110.9
123.9
134.1
140.7
147.2
152.6
160.5

76.6
72.0
76.2
76.1
77.0
77.5
77.8
87.4
96.8
96.6
100.0
96.1
94.8
97.0
95.8
82.8
89.0
99.0
112.1
112.2

4.4
-.2

6.4
4.9

2.0
5.2

6.4
5.1

1.9
5.3

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the m easures in this table may differ from those previously published.




167

Table 300. Federal Government-Information services: Indexes of output per employee year and related data,
1967-86
(1977 = 100)
Fiscal year
Index:
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86 ............................
1981-86............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

95.7
98.3
101.4
99.7
100.2
102.6
95.5
98.3
103.4
100.9
100.0
101.4
103.6
103.6
104.4
106.7
114.0
118.8
124.6
125.9

83.6
86.9
90.1
89 7
92.9
95.8
96.5
98.6
103.6
102.5
100.0
98.4
100.1
100.7
103.2
100.2
104.1
107.1
113.2
113.3

87.4
88.4
88.9
89.9
92.7
93.4
101.1
100.3
100.1
101.6
100.0
97.0
96.6
97.1
98.9
93.8
91.3
90.2
90.8
90.0

56.8
59.8
62.7
71.7
75.3
79.4
78.8
84.4
88.7
93.8
100.0
108.9
114.3
123.8
134.2
141.8
149.0
158.2
165.7
170.4

59.4
60.8
61.8
71.8
75.2
77.4
82.5
85.9
85.8
93.0
100.0
107.3
110.3
119.4
128.5
132.8
130.7
133.2
132.9
135.4

1.1
4.2

1.2
2.5

.1
-1.6

6.1
5.0

4.9
.8

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.

Table 301. Federal Government-Legal and judicial activities: Indexes of output per employee year and related data,
1967-86
(1977 = 100)
Fiscal year
Index:
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86....... .....................
1981-86............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

100.9
100.0
102.3
107.4
115.1
117.1
114.0
105.2
106.4
104.3
100.0
97.8
102.1
101.5
104.4
108.9
112.0
110.5
113.7
113.8

69.3
70.8
71.0
74.1
80.0
85.4
87.7
86.9
93.4
99.5
100.0
101.2
106.4
114.1
119.6
124.2
131.5
134.5
143.0
145.2

68.7
70.8
69.4
69.0
69.5
72.9
76.9
82.6
87.8
95.4
100.0
103.5
104.2
112.5
114.6
114.1
117.4
121.7
125.7
127.6

56.0
58.1
64.6
73.5
79.6
82.8
84.2
85.7
86.7
90.3
100.0
109.1
115.1
124.4
134.6
148.6
155.8
164.1
170.8
177.5

55.6
58.1
63.1
68.5
69.2
70.7
73.8
81.5
81.5
86.5
100.0
111.6
112.7
122.5
129.0
136.5
139.1
148.6
150.2
155.9

.2
1.6

4.1
4.1

3.9
2.5

6.2
5.4

6.0
3.8

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.




168

Table 302. Federal Government-Library services: Indexes of output per employee year and related data,
1967-86
(1977 = 100)
Fiscal year
Index:
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86............................
1981-86............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

56.5
59.4
64.1
64.4
65.5
65.9
69.4
74.4
83.5
92.7
100.0
96.4
100.4
106.4
111.5
107.2
110.1
118.6
120.9
130.8

39.2
47.5
50.9
51.1
52.5
54.5
60.5
66.4
76.5
87.8
100.0
99.6
105.8
111.2
114.0
112.0
114.0
119.2
121.6
124.7

69.3
80.0
79.3
79.3
80.3
82.7
87.2
89.2
91.7
94.6
100.0
103.3
105.4
104.5
102.3
104.5
103.5
100.5
100.6
95.3

45.1
46.6
52.8
59.7
64.6
70.5
73.4
79.5
84.5
89.6
100.0
111.0
114.4
126.9
139.7
144.9
157.0
162.4
174.1
180.4

79.8
78.4
82.3
92.6
98.7
107.0
105.8
106.9
101.1
96.6
100.0
115.2
113.9
119.2
125.3
135.2
142.5
137.0
144.1
137.9

4.6
3.6

6.5
2.1

1.8
-1.4

7.8
5.5

3.1
1.8

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.

Table 303. Federal Government-Loans and grants: Indexes of output per employee year and related data,
1967-86
(1977=100)
Fiscal year
Index:
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................. ...............
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86.............................
1981-86............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

63.4
67.0
69.8
77.5
85.8
84.9
86.0
87.5
91.1
95.8
100.0
99.0
107.6
105.1
110.3
104.7
117.3
112.1
122.4
122.7

57.3
62.1
63.8
72.8
86.4
88.7
88.5
83.1
85.4
91.4
100.0
105.5
117.2
115.1
117.0
99.1
110.6
108.1
114.5
112.7

90.3
92.7
91.4
94.0
100.6
104.5
102.9
95.0
93.7
95.3
100.0
106.6
108.9
109.5
106.0
94.6
94.3
96.4
93.5
91.8

46.3
49.3
53.4
60.8
65.5
68.9
73.4
81.1
86.0
91.7
100.0
104.3
107.3
118.7
134.4
145.3
152.9
156.4
164.4
166.5

73.0
73.6
76.5
78.5
76.3
81.3
85.4
92.7
94.5
95.7
100.0
105.3
99.7
112.9
121.8
138.7
130.3
139.5
134.3
135.7

3.3
2.8

3.4
.6

.2
-2.1

7.3
4.3

3.9
1.5

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.




169

Table 304. Federal Government-Medical services: Indexes of output per employee year and related data,
1967-86
(1977 = 100)
Fiscal year
Index:
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 ............................. .
1973 .................................
1974 .......... .......................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 ............................. .
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86............................
1981-86............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

98.4
100.3
100.6
99.8
99.1
93.9
96.9
96.7
98.5
100.1
100.0
98.2
98.4
100.5
100.8
101.9
103.9
103.4
103.6
105.4

81.9
85.9
86.8
85.7
85.9
84.8
91.5
92.5
95.5
99.1
100.0
100.3
101.1
104.0
104.6
110.5
114.8
115.4
116.8
119.6

83.2
85.6
86.3
85.9
86.6
90.3
94.4
95.6
97.0
99.0
100.0
102.1
102.8
103.5
103.7
108.4
110.5
111.6
112.8
113.5

47.2
49.5
51.8
58.9
64.4
70.4
74.5
79.5
86.6
96.7
100.0
105.0
111.6
120.9
136.6
147.1
153.6
159.5
165.1
173.5

47.9
49.3
51.5
59.0
64.9
74.9
76.8
82.2
87.9
966
100.0
106.9
113.5
120.3
135.5
144.3
147.7
154.2
159.4
164.7

.3
.8

2.0
2.4

1.7
1.7

7.4
4.6

7.1
3.8

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.

Table 305. Federal Government-Military base services: Indexes of output per employee year and related data,
1967-86
(1977 = 100)
Fiscal year
Index.
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86............................
1981-86............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

100.1
104.4
104.7
101.6
93.6
94.7
89.5
90.6
95.7
99.9
100.0
100.4
101.5
102.2
104.9
109.3
107.9
99.4
100.4
108.0

157.4
152.7
146.7
140.7
134.7
133.5
116.6
108.9
109.2
106.3
100.0
96.6
95.0
96.1
97.6
98.7
98.9
95.9
90.9
95.8

157.2
146.3
140.1
138.4
143.9
141.0
130.3
120.2
114.2
106.3
100.0
96.1
93.6
94.0
93.0
90.2
91.7
96.4
90.6
88.8

44.3
49.3
54.0
63.0
65.5
65.6
70.7
71.1
80.3
87.9
100.0
102.8
106.1
113.1
125.8
136.3
137.3
139.0
153.9
161.4

44.3
47.2
51.5
62.0
70.0
69.3
78.9
78.5
83.9
87.9
100.0
102.3
104.5
110.6
119.9
124.6
127.3
139.9
153.3
149.5

.4
-.6

-2.8
-1.0

-3.2
-.5

69
4.7

6.5
5.3

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.




170

Table 306. Federal Government-Natural resources and environmental management: Indexes of output per employee year and
related data, 1967-86
(1977=100)
Fiscal year
Index:
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86............................
1981-86............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

90.2
91.3
90.7
91.5
97.2
99.4
101.2
99.9
98.5
99.9
100.0
105.1
102.2
102.0
102.7
111.9
112.7
118.2
120.0
121.1

94.1
94.3
90.8
87.8
90.2
93.8
93.1
91.5
92.9
97.0
100.0
107.6
105.2
105.0
107.3
113.6
114.0
115.5
116.2
113.9

104.3
103.2
100.1
95.9
92.9
94.3
92.0
91.5
94.3
97.1
100.0
102.4
102.9
103.0
104.5
101.5
101.2
97.7
96.9
94.0

50.2
53.4
57.7
65.6
71.8
75.0
79.7
84.0
88.0
94.8
100.0
105.6
112.8
129.1
136.4
146.6
157.5
166.6
178.2
177.4

55.6
58.5
63.6
71.8
73.9
75.5
78.8
84.0
89.3
95.0
100.0
100.6
110.3
126.6
132.8
131.0
139.8
140.9
148.5
146.5

1.5
3.1

1.5
1.1

.1
-2.0

7.0
5.7

5.5
2.5

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.

Table 307. Federal Government-Personnel investigations: Indexes of output per employee year and related data,
1967-86
(1977=100)
Fiscal year
Index:
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 ' ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86.............................
1981-86............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

68.1
74.0
69.1
68.1
76.9
77.4
80.3
82.8
87.6
83.4
100.0
103.3
108.6
107.7
109.7
104.5
99.4
102.2
105.6
99.4

39.0
41.4
39.7
35.9
36.6
33.6
32.5
108.5
113.9
95.5
100.0
104.6
65.5
64.9
71.6
80.8
83.0
86.8
95.5
96.5

57.2
56.0
57.4
52.7
47,6
43.5
40.5
131.0
130.0
114.5
100.0
101.3
60.3
60.3
65.2
77.3
83.6
85.0
90.5
97.0

49.1
55.1
59.0
69.6
70.4
78.5
83.4
76.7
84.4
92.1
100.0
105.6
117.9
129.3
139.6
137.9
156.6
157.8
166.0
167.3

72.2
74.5
85.3
102.3
91.5
101.4
103.9
92.7
96.3
110.4
100.0
102.2
108.5
120.1
127.2
132.0
157.5
154.4
157.2
168.2

2.6
-1.2

5.5
6.0

2.8
7.3

6.7
4.3

3.9
5.6

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.




171

Table 308. Federal Government-Personnel management: Indexes of output per employee year and related data,
1967-86
(1977 = 100)
Fiscal year
Index:
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86............................
1981-86............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

80.4
86.0
81.5
83.8
95.6
94.9
93.4
99.9
95.2
93.1
100.0
96 6
108.8
99.9
97.3
106.7
94.3
101.9
100.1
99.0

47.6
62.9
59.5
59.8
73.6
72.2
77.6
91.1
93.8
92.0
100.0
99.0
24.0
111.9
104.3
106.2
103.1
105.1
105.6
108.7

59.2
73.1
73.0
71.3
77.1
76.0
83.1
91.2
98.5
98.8
100.0
102.6
22.1
112.1
107.1
99.4
109.3
103.1
105.4
109.8

58.0
60.2
64.7
73.7
76.5
79.1
79.3
83.9
88.0
91.1
100.0
107.4
128.0
104.9
124.9
134.6
141.4
147.9
153.4
158.6

72.0
70.0
79.3
87.9
80.0
83.3
84.9
84.0
92.4
97.8
100.0
111.2
117.6
105.0
128.3
126.1
149.9
145.2
153.2
160.2

1.0
-1

3.3
.6

2.3
.7

5.5
4.8

4.4
4.9

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.

Table 309. Federal Government-Postal service (SIC 4311): Indexes of output per employee year and related data,
1967-86
(1977 = 100)
Fiscal year
Index:
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86............................
1981-86............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

90.3
88.8
89.4
89.8
91.8
92.8
98.2
95.6
95.5
95.9
100.0
103.2
101.9
105.1
106.4
107.0
107.9
109.8
110.3
111.7

91.5
92.7
95.6
97.7
99.5
98.3
100.6
100.8
99.2
98.1
100.0
102.3
102.8
106.9
108 4
109.0
111.3
119.3
124.8
130.3

101.2
104.4
106.9
108.7
108.4
106.0
102.5
105.4
103.8
102.4
100.0
99.1
100.8
101.7
101.9
101.9
103.2
108.6
113.2
116.6

38.8
40.7
43.7
47.5
54.4
58.6
62.8
69.7
79.3
89.2
100.0
107.8
114.6
123.9
134.7
142.8
148.2
155.5
163.9
167.1

63.1
64.0
72.8
83.0
93.0
100.0
104.5
112.4
117.9
126.6
133.5
137.4
141.6
148.7
149.6

1.3
1.0

1.5
4.1

.2
3.0

8.8
4.5

7.4
3.5

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.




172

Unit
labor cost

42.9
45 8
48.9
52.8
59.2

Table 310. Federal Government-Printing and duplication: Indexes of output per employee year and related data,
1967-86
(1977=100)
Fiscal year
Index:
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86............................
1981-86............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

116.7
115.5
111.6
110.9
102.4
100.8
103.1
99.5
98.4
100.4
100.0
97.6
103.7
108.3
102.6
105.8
113.1
120.3
122.1
125.0

142.4
140.7
136.2
135.4
119.4
115.7
119.7
113.5
108.1
106.6
100.0
94.4
96.6
96.7
92.8
89.7
96.7
103.1
102.6
101.0

122.0
121.8
122.0
122.0
116.6
114.8
116.0
114.0
109.8
106.2
100.0
96.8
93.2
89.3
90.4
84.8
85.5
85.7
84.1
80.8

42.0
44.2
46.6
51.9
57.1
63.4
65.7
72.1
80.1
91.3
100.0
106.8
114.9
121.8
123.4
132.6
139.8
143.7
150.1
157.8

36.0
38.3
41.8
46.8
55.7
62.9
63.7
72.5
81.4
91.0
100.0
109.5
110.8
112.4
120.3
125.3
123.6
119.4
122.9
126.2

.4
4.3

-2.1
2.6

-2.4
-1.7

7.7
4.8

7.3
.4

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.

Table 311. Federal Government-Procurement: Indexes of output per employee year and related data, 1967-86
(1977=100)
Fiscal year
Index:
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86............................
1981-86............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

88.9
86.0
84.6
76.5
84.5
84.9
87.7
93.3
95.9
99.4
100.0
108.7
115.4
121.0
127.7
125.3
124.7
127.2
122.5
119.4

117.3
110.4
107.5
90.5
88.6
89.3
91.4
93.2
94.8
95.5
100.0
108.7
111.8
120.4
130.9
134.5
138.3
142.6
145.5
149.6

131.9
128.4
127.0
118.2
104.8
105.2
104.1
99.9
98.9
96.1
100.0
100.0
96.8
99.4
102.5
107.3
110.9
112.1
118.7
125.3

56.9
61.3
67.2
75.9
82.9
75.4
81.5
84.3
90.3
95.5
100.0
107.6
112.8
118.9
130.4
136.7
144.4
149.4
155.1
161.0

64.0
71.3
79.5
99.1
98.1
88.8
92.9
90.4
94.1
96.1
100.0
98.9
97.8
98.2
102.1
109.1
115.8
117.5
126.6
134.9

2.7
-1.1

2.3
2.7

-.4
3.8

5.5
4.3

2.7
5.4

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.




173

Table 312. Federal Government-Records management: Indexes of output per employee year and related data,
1967-86
(1977 = 100)
Fiscal year
Index:
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86............................
1981-86............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

73.5
72.0
78.9
77.4
74.8
83.2
82.2
80.2
86.9
94.0
100.0
103.7
110.0
111.6
113.8
120.0
120.5
123.6
121.7
122.9

104.8
104.6
112.6
116.1
113.3
115.3
115.5
92.1
85.5
93.2
100.0
102.3
111.7
115.0
109.9
109.2
108.9
111.1
111.6
114.7

142.4
145.2
142.7
150.0
151.4
138.5
140.5
114.8
98.3
99.1
100.0
98.6
101.6
103.0
96.5
91.0
90.4
89.9
91.7
93.3

46.5
46.8
52.0
58.6
64.1
72.1
73.4
81.4
85.4
94.2
100.0
107.7
113.0
115.4
115.7
126.8
127.8
135.0
147.3
150.0

63.2
65.0
65.9
75.7
85.7
86.6
89.3
101.5
98.2
100.2
100.0
103.8
102.7
103.4
101.7
105.6
106.1
109.3
121.0
122.0

3.3
1.3

.2
.9

-3.0
-.4

6.5
5.3

3.1
3.9

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.

Table 313. Federal Government-Regulation-compliance and enforcement: Indexes of output per employee year and related
data, 1967-86
(1977=100)
Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

Index:
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................

80.7
83.0
85.6

62.3
65.6
66.8

77.2
78.9
78.0

51.7
53.6
57.9

1970 ....................................

88.0

69.5

79.0

65.4

1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86............................
1981-86............................

89.6
92.6
95.0
95.9
95.1
98.0
100.0
101.2
104.5
107.6
112.5
118.6
126.6
126.9
130.5
141.4

73.2
76.3
82.6
87.1
91.9
96.3
100.0
103.9
110.3
114.2
116.0
117.3
125.9
128.8
137.4
150.0

81.6
82.3
86.9
90.8
96.7
98.3
100.0
102.7
105.6
106.1
103.2
98.9
99.4
101.5
105.3
106.0

69.5
73.7
75.7
81.0
86.4
93.4
100.0
108.9
115.4
124.8
134.6
146.2
156.6
162.9
173.7
177.2

64.0
64.5
67.6
74.2
77.5
79.6
79.7
84.4
90.8
95.3
100.0
107 6
110.5
115.9
119.6
123.3
123.7
128.3
133.1
125.3

2.7
4.2

4.6
5.2

1.8
1.0

7.0
5.7

4.2
1.4

Fiscal year

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.




174

Table 314. Federal Government-Regulation-rulemaking and licensing: Indexes of output per employee year and related data,
1967-86
(1977 = 100)
Fiscal year
Index:
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86 ............................
1981-86............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

76.4
79.6
83.3
87.6
91.9
92.6
95.6
93.6
93.5
94.4
100.0
93.1
95.5
109.5
121.7
131.4
139.3
146.1
153.3
150.5

64.4
68.8
69.8
73.8
79.1
80.2
87.8
89.2
92.1
92.8
100.0
107.9
107.9
126.4
140.1
144.1
160.7
174.5
184.6
180.5

84 3
86.3
83.8
84.3
86.0
86.7
91.8
95.3
98.5
98.3
100.0
115.9
112.9
115.4
115.1
109.6
115.4
119.4
120.4
119.9

50 9
53 0
57.9
66.9
70.7
73.4
76.1
81.0
85.1
91.0
100.0
100.9
108.4
119.4
132.3
149.6
156.3
163.8
168.9
169.3

66 6
66.6
69 5
76.4
77.0
79.3
79.5
86.5
90 9
96 3
100.0
108.3
113.5
109.0
108.7
113.8
1122
112 1
110.2
112.4

3.5
4.6

5.9
6.2

2.3
1.5

6.8
4.8

32
.2

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.

Table 315. Federal Government-Social services and benefits: Indexes of output per employee year and related data,
1967-86
(1977 = 100)
Fiscal year
Index:
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86 ............................
1981-86............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

75.2
75.4
78.0
81.2
86.0
87.5
91.3
89.7
92.2
96.1
100.0
99.4
102.5
101.0
102.1
102.4
109.8
110.1
118.7
118.6

48.5
51.4
53.5
55.4
60.6
63.3
67.4
77.9
88.5
95.3
100.0
97.0
100.7
97.9
96.9
98.3
106.1
103.6
106.9
100.6

64.5
68.1
68.7
68.1
70.5
72.4
73.8
86.8
96.0
99.1
100.0
97.6
98.3
96.9
94.9
96.0
96.6
94.1
90.1
84.8

50.4
52.5
56.2
64.7
70.3
74.7
78.9
80.2
84.6
91.7
100.0
109.2
117.4
127.0
138.1
146.5
156.5
163.7
172.8
177.5

67.0
69.6
72.1
79.7
81.8
85.4
86.4
89.4
91.7
95.5
100.0
109.8
114.6
125.7
135.3
143.1
142.5
148.7
145.6
149.6

2.3
3.5

4.5
1.2

2.1
-2.2

7.1
5.3

4.7
1.7

' Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.




175

Table 316. Federal Government-Specialized manufacturing: Indexes of output per employee year and related data,
1967-86
(1977 = 100)
Fiscal year
Index:
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86 ............................
1981-86............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

78.5
85.2
87.3
92.7
102.3
96.6
94.8
94.3
93.5
97.8
100.0
106.0
119.2
119.6
141.8
133.4
138.0
143.8
146.9
149.4

107.5
109.9
114.2
116.0
124.5
120.4
126.6
113.5
105.2
112.8
100.0
103.3
108.0
110.1
121.8
119.4
122.3
128.2
130.1
124.1

137.0
129.0
130.9
125.3
121.7
124.6
133.5
120.4
112.5
115.3
100.0
97.4
90.6
92.1
85.9
89.6
88.6
89.1
88.6
83.0

43.8
47.2
50.0
54.8
59.8
63.3
69.6
75.9
82.9
88.8
100.0
106.0
114.5
127.9
134.3
145.1
147.9
150.6
159.8
161.6

55.8
55.4
57.4
59.2
58.4
65.5
73.3
80.5
88.6
90.7
100.0
100.0
96.1
106.9
94.7
108.8
107.1
104.7
108.7
108.2

3.3
1.7

.5
1.1

-2.8
-.6

7.7
3.6

4.2
1.8

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.

Table 317. Federal Government-Supply and inventory control: Indexes of output per employee year and related data,
1967-86
(1977 = 100)
Fiscal year
Index:
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 ............ ....................
1976 .................................
1977 ............ ....................
1978 ............ ...................
1979 ............ ...................
1980 ................................
1981 ................................
1982 ................................
1983 ................................
1984 ................................
1985 ................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86............................
1981-86............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

76.6
79.0
90.6
84.9
85.8
86.2
86.8
86.8
94.2
96.1
100.0
96.8
95.2
97.8
98.8
106.1
104.3
100.2
96.7
98.2

154.9
156.1
172.5
150.8
137.2
131.5
122.7
112.2
112.9
108.1
100.0
101.0
95.9
98.2
99.0
104.7
104.9
102.9
101.3
102.2

202.3
197.6
190.4
177.6
159.9
152.5
141.4
129.1
119.9
112.4
100.0
104.3
100.8
100.4
100.2
98.6
100.5
102.6
104.8
104.1

49.4
51.5
51.0
57.4
64.4
68.7
72.8
79.8
82.6
92.7
100.0
99.8
108.3
114.8
121.7
131.5
138.4
143.5
150.7
155.3

64.5
65.2
56.4
67.6
75.1
79.6
83.9
91.8
87.7
96.4
100.0
103.1
113.8
117.4
123.2
123.9
132.6
143.1
155.9
158.2

1.3
-1.0

-2.7
.1

-3.9
1.1

6.6
4.9

5.2
5.9

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.




176

Table 318. Federal Government-Traffic management: Indexes of output per employee year and related data,
1967-86
(1977=100)
Fiscal year
Index:
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1972-86............................
1981-86............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

97.2
96.8
89.8
96.3
93.8
100.0
106.2
115.3
115.0
124.8
117.0
115.8
112.7
120.8
111.8

126.1
119.7
104.7
100.9
101.2
100.0
104.4
108.4
105.5
104.4
105.2
106.4
105.8
110.3
101.4

129.7
123.6
116.6
104.8
107.8
100.0
98.3
93.9
91.7
83.6
89.9
91.9
93.8
91.3
90.7

75.5
78.9
80.6
85.9
91.0
100.0
103.9
110.5
110.9
117.4
134.0
137 6
145.5
155.5
150.4

77.7
81.4
89.7
89.2
96.9
100.0
97.8
95.8
96.5
94.0
114.6
118.8
129.1
128.7
134.5

1.9
-1.4

-.5
(*)

-2.4
1.4

5.6
5.1

3.6
6.6

1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.

Table 319. Federal Government-Transportation: Indexes of output per employee year and related data, 1967-86
(1977=100)
Fiscal year
Index:
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 ................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-86 ............................
1981-86 ............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

Compensation per
employee year

Unit
labor cost

72.7
80.3
83.8
85.6
82.4
85.9
90.1
91.3
92.9
94.6
100.0
105.3
107.1
107.6
112.0
114.3
114.6
113.2
114.4
116.3

67.3
75.5
79.7
83.5
83.2
86.7
90.5
91.1
93.2
94.2
100.0
106.6
107.0
108.5
106.5
103.9
103.1
103.2
105.8
106.9

92.6
94.0
95.1
97.5
100.9
101.0
100.5
99.8
100.3
99.5
100.0
101.2
100.0
100.8
95.1
90.9
90.0
91.1
92.5
91.9

43.8
46.3
51.5
60.3
66.8
72.4
74.7
79.4
86.7
94.1
100.0
105.8
112.9
120.7
135.1
143.0
157.0
164.5
172.4
177.3

60.2
57.7
61.5
70.4
81.0
84.4
82.9
86.9
93.3
99.5
100.0
100.4
105.5
112.2
120.6
125.1
137.0
145.2
150.7
152.4

2.4
.5

2.1
.2

-.3
-.3

7.7
5.8

5.2
5.2

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may differ from those previously published.




177




Table 320. State and local government-Electric power (SIC 4911): Indexes of
output per employee year and related data, 1967-85
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )

Fiscal year
Index:
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 ................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-85.............................
1981-85.............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

64.3
71.2
80.6
84.0
86.9
88.5
87.6
87.1
88.7
93.2
100.0
99.1
100.1
100.2
99.1
96.7
94.8
93.3
93.7

62.4
67.9
74.3
80.4
86.3
88.0
90.1
91.1
91.5
96.2
100.0
104.3
110.3
112.2
114,0
110.4
112.8
116.4
119.8

97.0
95.4
92.2
95.7
99.3
99.4
102.8
104.6
103 1
103 2
100.0
105.2
110.2
110 9
115.0
114.2
1190
124.7
127 8

1.7
-1.5

3.3
1.5

16
3.0

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data,
the measures in this table may differ from those
previously published.

SOURCE: Output and employment based on data
from the American Public Power Association, the
Edison Electric Institute, and the Bureau of the Census.

Table 321. State and local government-unemployment insurance (SIC 9441):
Indexes of output per employee year and related data, 1963-86
(1 9 7 7 = 1 0 0 )

Fiscal year
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982 .................................
1983 .................................
1984 .................................
1985 .................................
1986 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-86 ...........................
1981-86............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

94.8
93.5
86.0
86.8
93.5
88.6
86.4
95.7
108.7
94.3
93.4
106.6
129.6
113.9
100.0
89.0
85.1
109.2
T01.6
117.9
119.1
102.0
105.0
110.0

57.0
54.6
49.2
43.4
42.2
44.0
42.4
49.5
62.9
64.8
58.8
63.3
104.9
118.2
100.0
79.2
75.2
96.4
94.7
113.2
121.8
86.1
85.1
82.5

60.1
58.4
57.2
50.1
47.3
49.6
49.0
51.7
57.8
68.7
62.9
59.4
80.9
103.8
100.0
89.0
88.3
88.3
93.2
96.0
102.2
84.5
81.0
75.0

.9
-.3

4.0
-5.3

3.0
-5.0

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data,
the measures in this table may differ from those
previously published.

SOURCE: Output and employment based on data
from the Employment and Training Administration, U.S.
Department of Labor,

178




Table 322. State and local government-State sales of alcoholic beverages: Indexes
of output per employee year and related data, 1967-85
(1977=100)
Fiscal year
Index:
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 .................................
1980 .................................
1981 .................................
1982
.............................
1983 ................................
1984 .................................
1985 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1967-85............................
1981-85............................

Output per
employee year

Output

Employee years

78,8
80.1
81.3
81.4
85.8
88.5
94.0
95.0
96.9
97.7
100.0
104.7
105.5
105.6
105.2
107.8
109.7
110.3
108.5

73.3
76.3
80.0
82.9
86.1
89.9
94.2
94.6
97.4
98.5
100.0
103.4
103.3
103.1
101.6
98.6
96.1
94.4
91.9

93.0
95.2
98.4
101.9
100.4
101.6
100.2
99.6
100.5
100.8
100.0
98.8
97.9
97.6
96.6
91.5
87.6
85.6
84.7

2.0
.9

1.4
-2.4

-.6
-3.2

1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data,
the measures in this table may differ from those
previously published.

SOURCE: Output and employment based on data
from the Distilled Spirits Council of the U.S. and the
Bureau of the Census.

179

Appendix A. Methods and
Data Sources

Industry Labor Productivity Measures
The indexes of output per employee hour are computed
by dividing an index of output by an index of aggregate em­
ployee hours. Corresponding measures also are computed
relating output to the number of employees. For industries
in trade and services, measures are prepared relating output
to the hours of all persons involved in producing that out­
put, including self-employed and unpaid family workers.
The output indexes are based primarily on the physical
quantity of the products of the industry combined with fixedperiod weights. Unit employee hour weights are used
whenever possible to aggregate the data.
For many industries, however, unit labor weights are not
available at the detailed product level, so substitute weights
must be used. The most common substitute weights are unit
values, which are used if they are believed to be proportion­
al to unit employee hours. For many manufacturing indus­
tries, however, employee hour weights at the product-class
level can be developed from the available data. In such cases,
a dual-level weighting system is used: Unit value weights
at the product level and employee hour weights at the
product-class level.
Although the weights relate to fixed periods, they are up­
dated periodically, usually in conjunction with economic cen­
suses, which are conducted every 5 years. The most current
weights used were derived from the 1982 economic censuses.
For three industries railroads, iron mining, and copper
mining—two alternative productivity measures, using differ­
ent concepts of industry output, are presented.
When adequate annual physical quantity data are not avail­
able, indexes are derived from data on the value of industry
output adjusted for price change. Since the adjustment for
price change is most often downward, the indexes usually
are called deflated value” indexes. Such indexes are con­
ceptually equivalent to indexes which use data on physical
quantities of products combined with unit value weights. This
index is derived by dividing the value of the industry’s out­
put by an industry price index. An index of these deflated
values shows the change in the real value of output between
the past and current periods.
Periodically, the output indexes for most of the measures
are adjusted to levels based on data reported in the economic
censuses for mining, manufacturing, and business. The most
current adjustments presented in this report reflect data from
the 1982 economic censuses.




180

Employment and employee hour indexes are developed
primarily from basic data compiled by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics and the Bureau of the Census. In concept, indexes
based on employee hour data from the Bureau of the Census
relate to plant hours only. Employee hour data from b l s in­
clude hours at work and also payroll hours such as vacations,
holidays, and sick leave paid by the establishment directly
to the employee.1 Because of increases in paid leave over
time, output per employee hour worked would tend to show
a somewhat higher rate of gain than output per employee
hour paid. However, actual differences may result from
statistical limitations in the data as well as from differences
in concepts. In general, b l s data are the preferred source
for measuring industry employment and hours because they
are collected monthly and are benchmarked each year to com­
prehensive data from the State unemployment insurance
programs.
This report includes indexes of output per employee hour
and output per employee. In most cases, the indexes are
shown for all employees, production workers, and non­
production workers.2 Although both b l s and the Bureau of
the Census provide data on production worker hours, neither
source provides annual data by industry on nonproduction
worker or all-employee hours. Therefore, the nonproduc­
tion worker hours are estimated.
The estimates of aggregate nonproduction worker hours
for the manufacturing industries are derived from published
employment data and from estimates of average annual hours
paid or worked per nonproduction worker. Prior to 1968,
the estimates of average annual hours paid were calculated
by multiplying the number of workweeks in the year by the
scheduled weekly hours. Estimated hours for vacations, holi­
days, disability, and personal time off were subtracted from
average annual hours paid to obtain an estimate of average
annual hours worked. Vacation and holiday trends were
based on studies by the former U.S. Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare and on data from b l s surveys. Per­
sonal time off was estimated as a constant on the basis of
data obtained from various sources. From 1968 to 1977, the
1 Indexes for the railroad transportation industry are based on data from
the Interstate Commerce Commission and are related primarily to hours
at work.
2 The term “ production workers” covers manufacturing and mining em­
ployees who work at the plant or mine and who are generally in nonsupervisory occupations. The remaining em ployees, such as professional,
technical, clerical, supervisory, etc., are identified as “ nonproduction
workers.”

ing output for the industry labor productivity measures.
Whenever possible, physical quantities are used as the unit
of measurement; when physical quantities are unavailable,
constant-dollar value of shipments, sales, or revenue data
are used. The multifactor productivity output measures differ
from the labor productivity output measures primarily in the
method used for weighting together the various categories
of output, as explained below.
The multifactor output measure utilizes price weights for
combining the various categories of output of an industry.
Generally, census value data for each detailed output category
are divided by the physical quantity of output for that category
to obtain the unit value (or price) estimates. The price of
each output category is multiplied by its corresponding quan­
tity and then expressed as a share of the total value of out­
put. These value shares, averaged at time t and t-1, are used
to weight together the differences between t and t-1 in the
logarithms of the quantities. The antilogarithms of the sums
are taken and chained together to form the index. This form
of weighting is known as Tomquist aggregation. The output
data sources are the same as those used in calculating indexes
for the labor productivity measures.

estimates of average annual hours paid and average annual
hours worked have been based on data collected in the BLS
survey, Employee Compensation in the Private Nonfarm
Economy. Since these surveys are no longer conducted, the
1977 levels are being carried forward until other data be­
come available.
For the 22 retail trade and service industries, measures
of the hours of partners, proprietors, and supervisory workers
were developed. Except for hotels, motels, and tourist courts,
and beauty and barber shops, estimates were also made for
the hours of unpaid family workers. Average weekly hours
worked for partners, proprietors, and unpaid family workers
were obtained from unpublished data collected in the Cur­
rent Population Survey. Average weekly hours worked by
supervisory employees were obtained from the censuses of
population. Estimates for intercensal years were derived
using extrapolation and linear interpolation techniques.
All-employee hour estimates for the manufacturing indus­
tries are derived by summing the aggregate hours for produc­
tion workers and the estimated hours for nonproduction
workers. Hours of all persons are derived by summing the
aggregate hours for paid employees, partners, proprietors,
and unpaid family workers.
Manufacturing and mining indexes involving nonproduc­
tion worker hours are subject to a wider margin of error than
are the indexes involving only production worker hours be­
cause it is necessary to estimate the average hours of non­
production workers. In general, any error in these estimates
would have a relatively insignificant effect on the trend in
the hours for all employees.
The output indexes and employee hour components of the
industry productivity indexes are based on data from a num­
ber of different sources, which are identified in the tables.
For many of the industries, the 1986 output indexes are based
on the data sources that are regularly used. However, for
some industries, the normal data sources are not yet availa­
ble, and other information, such as the Federal Reserve Board
output indexes, the Current Industrial Reports of the Bureau
of the Census, and trade association data, were used. For
those industries for which the Bureau of the Census is the
primary source of employment and employee hours, the 1986
indexes were developed by linking employment and em­
ployee hour data from BLS, since 1986 census data are not
yet available. Therefore, all 1986 output per employee hour
measures are considered preliminary and are subject to re­
vision. The indexes refer to the standard reference base
1977 = 100 and they conform to the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) definitions.

Employee hours

Employee hour indexes are calculated in the same way as
those used in measuring industry labor productivity. As with
the labor productivity measure, employee hours are treated
as homogeneous and additive with no distinction made be­
tween hours of different groups of employees. The index is
computed by simply dividing the aggregate employee hours
for each year by the base-period total. Data sources are the
same as those used in calculating employee hour indexes for
the labor productivity measures.
Capital

The measure of capital input is based on the flow of serv­
ices derived from the stock of physical assets. Physical cap­
ital is composed of equipment, structures, land, and
inventories. Financial capital is excluded. Capital services
are estimated by calculating capital stocks; changes in the
stocks are assumed proportional to changes in capital serv­
ices for each asset. Stocks of different asset types are
Tomquist-aggregated, using estimated rental prices to con­
struct the weights for assets of different types.
Capital stocks are calculated using the perpetual inventory
method, which takes into account the continual additions to
and subtractions from the stock of capital as new investment
and retirement of old capital take place. The perpetual in­
ventory method measures stocks at the end of a year equal
to a weighted sum of all past investments, where the weights
are the asset’s efficiency relative to a new asset. A hyper­
bolic age-efficiency function is used to calculate the relative
efficiency of an asset at different ages. The hyperbolic ageefficiency function can be expressed:

Industry Multifactor Productivity Measures
Output

The output measures underlying multifactor productivity
are calculated using, whenever possible, the same units of
products or services of the industry as are used in measur­




181

fuels, and electricity consumed by an industry. With the ex­
ception of electricity, for which both price and quantity data
are available, the above indexes are calculated by dividing
annual current-dollar values by appropriate price indexes to
obtain constant-dollar annual estimates. Separate price defla­
tors for materials and fuels for each industry are constructed
using detailed price and value data for individual subcom­
ponents of each group. The aggregate deflators are divided
into the current-dollar values to derive constant-dollar esti­
mates. The constant-dollar series for each component are in­
dexed by dividing each year’s estimate by the base-period
aggregate.
The indexes of change in real materials, services, fuels,
and electricity are weighted together with value share weights
to derive an aggregate intermediate purchases index. These
weights are derived by dividing the current-dollar values of
each by the total combined value of intermediate purchases,
and averaging these weights at times t and t-1.
Industry intermediate purchases indexes are developed
from basic data published by the Bureau of the Census and
the Bureau of Economic Analysis.

St = (L-t)/(L-(B)t)
where:
St = the relative efficiency of a t-year-old asset
L = the service life
t

= the age of the asset

B = the parameter of efficiency decline
The parameter of efficiency decline is assumed to be 0.5
for equipment and 0.75 for structures. These parameters yield
a function in which assets lose efficiency more slowly at first,
then rapidly later in life.
Stocks of equipment, structures, inventories, and land are
estimated separately. Individual price deflators for each asset
category are constructed and used to convert the currentdollar investment to constant dollars. Industry-specific serv­
ice lives are computed for each type of equipment asset for
use in the perpetual inventory method.
Current-dollar values of inventory stocks are calculated
for three separate categories of manufacturers’ inventories:
Finished goods, work in process, and materials and supplies.
Inventory stocks for each year are calculated as the average
of the end- of-year stocks in years t and t-1 to represent the
average utilized during the year as a whole. This is also done
with equipment, structures, and land. Current-dollar inven­
tory values for the three categories of inventories are deflated
with appropriate price indexes.
Land stocks are estimated as a function of the movement
in constant-dollar gross structures stocks for the given in­
dustry.
The various equipment, structure, inventory, and land
stock series in constant dollars are aggregated into one capi­
tal input measure using estimated rental prices as weights.
The method of calculating rental prices is similar to that used
in calculating multifactor productivity for major sectors of
the economy except that no attempt is made to incorporate
the effects of indirect business taxes, for which data are lack­
ing at the industry level.
The rental prices are expressed in rates per constant dol­
lar of productive capital stocks. Each rental price is multi­
plied by its constant-dollar capital stock to obtain
current-dollar capital costs which are then converted to value
shares for Tornquist aggregation.
Industry capital indexes are developed from basic data pub­
lished and maintained by the Bureau of the Census and the
Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Com­
merce; and the Office of Economic Growth and Employment
Projections, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Price indexes are
derived from producer price indexes developed by the Bureau
of Labor Statistics.

W eights for major input com ponents

The indexes representing quantity change for each of the
three major inputs are weighted together to compute the in­
dex of combined inputs. The relative weights for each year
are derived from total costs for each input. All-employee
labor costs from Census data are used for the labor weight.
The sum of current-dollar values for materials, services,
fuels, and electricity constitute the weight for intermediate
purchases. The weight for capital is derived by subtracting
labor costs and an estimate of purchased services from Cen­
sus value-added data. These compensation shares are aver­
aged at time t and t-1.

Government Labor Productivity Measures
Federal

Indexes of output per employee year, output, and employee
years for selected functional categories3 of Government activ­
ity and for approximately 380 participating organizations are
constructed in a manner similar to that described for indus­
tries. In addition, indexes of compensation per employee year
and unit labor cost are calculated. At the present time, these
indexes cover about 68 percent (2.0 million employee years)
of the Federal civilian work force.
Ideally, a productivity index should relate final outputs to
their associated direct and indirect input(s), and, in fact, the
output data are final from the perspective of the functional
categories within which these data are classified. However,
since the outputs of one organization may be consumed
wholly or partially by another Federal organization in the

Interm ediate purchases

The index of intermediate purchases input is an aggregate
of separate indexes of change in real materials, services,




3 See table accompanying discussion in text for definitions.

182

production of its final outputs, all output indicators in the
Federal sample may not be final from the perspective of a
higher level of organization; for example, the entire Federal
Government. Therefore, the overall statistics do not represent
“ Federal productivity” but, rather, the weighted average of
the productivity changes of the Federal organizations in­
cluded in the sample.
Through an annual collection process, most data are sub­
mitted directly by agencies to b l s , but in some cases data
are obtained from secondary sources such as agency budg­
ets and annual reports. In the Federal sample, approximately
3,000 products and services are aggregated into output in­
dexes by combining the quantities of each type of output
using their respective base-year labor requirements as
weights. These unit employee year weights are constructed
from the detailed output and input data provided by each
organization. Although the weights relate to fixed periods,
they are updated every 5 years. The output segments are
linked and referenced to a fiscal year 1977 base; the fiscal
year is October 1 through September 30.
The organizational indexes are grouped into 28 functional
categories, based on similarity of activity. Some of these
categories, such as printing and duplication, are more
homogeneous than others, such as general support services,
which include many diverse activities. Nonetheless, these
categories provide insight into the trends for the major func­
tional areas underlying the overall sample. Although the in­
dexes are also constructed for each participating organization,
these are not published but are returned to each organiza­
tion for its own use (for example, to stimulate further ex­
amination of the causes of productivity change within each
organization). This is one method used by BLS to validate
the basic data (that is, by examining the reasonableness of
the derived trends).
Employee year indexes are developed from agency data
submissions and secondary sources. As in all labor input
measures used by the Bureau to develop productivity indexes,
employee years are considered homogeneous and additive.
Each employee year reflects the regularly scheduled time,
overtime, and leave time of all full-time, part-time, and in­
termittent employees. An employee year is equivalent to one
individual paid for 2,087 hours.




183

The compensation indexes include wages, salaries, and
benefits including retirement, merit pay increases, incentive
pay, health insurance, and the like. Data to compute the in­
dexes are taken from agency data submissions and secon­
dary sources. The unit labor cost index is derived by dividing
the index of compensation by the index of output.
State and local

Government measurements are being extended to include
indexes of output per employee year, output, and employee
years for selected State and local services. A cross-section
of services is being examined and indexes computed using
concepts and methods similar to those for industries and the
Federal Government. This research, which uses published
and readily available secondary data, is keyed to the Stan­
dard Industrial Classification system.
Output indexes reflect final services to the public. The con­
sequences or effectiveness of government service are not
measured. The focus is on government production. For ex­
ample, prison system outputs are the number of prisoners
housed and to whom treatment is administered, not the ef­
fectiveness of rehabilitation or community safety. Output data
are taken from Federal agencies such as the Departments of
Labor, Justice, and Transportation and from industry groups
such as the American Public Power Association, American
Public Transit Association, and Distilled Spirits Council of
the U.S.
Employee year index computations use the same general
concepts as those used in the Federal measurements. The
primary source of employment data is the Bureau of the Cen­
sus’s annual public employment survey. This is supplemented
by data from Federal agencies and industry associations when
available.
Rates of change

The average annual rates of change published in this bulle­
tin are based on the linear least squares trends of the
logarithms of the index numbers. Average annual rates of
change for any time period shown are available on request
from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Appendix B. BLS Publications on
Productivity and Technology

Brian L. Friedman, Monthly Labor Review (forthcoming).
“ Productivity in the Automotive Repair Shop Industry,” by
John G. Olsen and Richard B. Carnes, Monthly Labor
Review (forthcoming).
“ Performance of Multifactor Productivity in the Steel and
Motor Vehicles Industries,” by Mark K. Sherwood,
Monthly Labor Review, August 1987, pp. 22-31.
“ Measuring Productivity in Service Industries: The BLS
Experience,” by Jerome A. Mark. Paper presented at a
Symposium on Technology and the Services Industries, Na­
tional Academy of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire,
August 10-11, 1987. 42 pp.
“ The Mining Machinery Industry: Labor Productivity
Trends, 1972-84,” by Barbara A. O ’Neil, Monthly Labor
Review, June 1987, pp. 31-35.
“ Productivity Trends in the Furniture and Home Furnishings
Stores Industry,” by Arthur S. Herman and J. Edwin Hen­
neberger, Monthly Labor Review, May 1987, pp. 24-29.
“ Two Decades of Productivity Growth in Poultry Dressing
and Processing,” by Ziaul Z. Ahmed and Mark Sieling,
Monthly Labor Review, April 1987, pp. 34-39.
“ Productivity Gains Continued in Many Industries During
1985,” by Arthur S. Herman, Monthly Labor Review, April
1987, pp. 48-52.
“ Retail Liquor Stores Experience Flat Trend in Produc­
tivity,” by James D. York, Monthly Labor Review, Febru­
ary 1987, pp. 25-29.
“ Trends of Labor Productivity in Metal Stampings Indus­
tries,” by Horst Brand and Clyde Huffstutler, Monthly
Labor Review, May 1986, pp. 13-20.
“ Productivity Continued to Increase in Many Industries in
1984,” by Arthur S. Herman, Monthly Labor Review,
March 1986, pp. 11-15.
“ Beauty and Barbershops: The Trend of Labor Produc­
tivity,” by Horst Brand and Ziaul Z. Ahmed, Monthly
Labor Review, March 1986, pp. 21-26.
“ Productivity in the Metal Doors, Sash, and Trim Industry,”
by Elmer S. Persigehl and John G. Olsen, Monthly Labor
Review, March 1986, pp. 27-31.
“ Developments in Labor Statistics,” by Jerome A. Mark.
Talk before the National Association of Business
Economists’ Seminar on Economic Statistics, Washington,
D.C., February 26, 1986.
“ Productivity Growth Low in the Oilfield Machinery
Industry,” by Brian L. Friedman and Arthur S. Herman,
Monthly Labor Review, December 1985, pp. 34-38.

How to order

The Monthly Labor Review is available by subscription or
single copy from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 ($16
a year domestic; $20 foreign; single copy $4.75 domestic;
$5.94 foreign). Make checks payable to Superintendent of
Documents.
Reprints and news releases are available free of charge,
as long as the supply lasts, from the Bureau of Labor Statis­
tics, Washington, DC 20212, or from the Bureau’s regional
offices. Electronic access to productivity news releases is
available for a fee. For details, contact the BLS Office of
Publications. Bulletins are for sale by the Superintendent of
Documents or the BLS Publications Sales Center, P.O. Box
2145, Chicago, IL 60690. Prices are subject to change
without notice. Out-of-print publications may be available
at large public and school libraries and at Government deposi­
tory libraries. Publications marked with an asterisk (*) also
are available on microfiche and in paper copy from the Na­
tional Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of
Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161.
Papers are available from the Bureau’s Office of Produc­
tivity and Technology.
Productivity trends in individual industries
“ Productivity Trends in the Cotton and Synthetic Broad
Woven Fabrics Industry,” by Mark W. Dumas and J.
Edwin Henneberger, Monthly Labor Review (forthcoming).
“ Productivity in Industrial Inorganic Chemicals,” by Horst
Brand and Ziaul Ahmed, Monthly Labor Review (forth­
coming).
“ Productivity in Industrial Organic Chemicals, n .e.c .,” by
Clyde Huffstutler and Barbara Bingham, Monthly Labor
Review (forthcoming).
“ Productivity in Nonelectric Heating Equipment,” by John
W. Ferris and Virginia L. Klarquist, Monthly Labor Review
(forthcoming).
“ Strong Gains in Semiconductor Productivity Linked to
Multiple Innovations,” by Mark Scott Sieling, Monthly
Labor Review (forthcoming).
“ Productivity in the Retail Hardware Store Industry,” by
Patricia S. Wilder and Virginia L. Klarquist, Monthly Labor
Review (forthcoming).
“ Productivity Trends in the Department Store Industry,” by




184

“ Productivity Measurement of Government Services,”
White House Conference on Productivity, Background
Paper, June 1983.
“ Modest Productivity Gains in State Unemployment Insur­
ance Service,” by Donald M. Fisk, Monthly Labor Review,
January 1983, pp. 24-27.
“ Productivity Measures: Industries and Government,”
reprint of chapter 11 of the BLS Handbook o f Methods,
Bulletin 2285 (1988).
“ Pilot Study Measures State, Local Electric Utilities,” by
Donald M. Fisk, Monthly Labor Review , December 1981,
pp. 45-47.
“ Measuring Productivity in Government,” by Jerome A.
Mark, Public Productivity Review , March 1981, pp. 21-44.
“ Federal Sector Productivity Measurement,” by Charles W.
Ardolini, in Selected Papers from North American Con­
ference on Labor Statistics, May 1980, pp. 49-60.

“ Productivity Trends in the Machine Tool Accessories Indus­
try ,” by James D. York, Monthly Labor Review, June
1985, pp. 28-32.
“ Productivity Growth Below Average in the Internal Com­
bustion Engine Industry,” by J. Edwin Henneberger and
Arthur S. Herman, Monthly Labor Review , May 1985, pp.
22-26.
“ Productivity Reports: Productivity Increased in Many In­
dustries in 1983,” by Arthur S. Herman, Monthly Labor
Review, March 1985, pp. 31-34.
“ Productivity in the Wood Kitchen Cabinets Industry,” by
Horst Brand and Norman Bennett, Monthly Labor Review,
March 1985, pp. 24-30.
“ Productivity in Making Air Conditioners, Refrigeration
Equipment, and Furnaces,” by Horst Brand and Clyde
Huffstutler, Monthly Labor Review, December 1984, pp.
11-17.
“ Productivity in the Apparel and Accessories Stores Indus­
try ,” by Brian L. Friedman, Monthly Labor Review,
October 1984, pp. 37-42.
“ Productivity in the Service Sector,” by Jerome A. Mark.
Statement for Subcommittee on Economic Stabilization of
the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Bank­
ing, Finance and Urban Affairs, June 1984. 24 pp.
“ Meatpacking and Prepared Meats Industry: Above-Average
Productivity Gains,” by Richard B. Carnes, Monthly Labor
Review, April 1984, pp. 37-42.
“ Productivity Growth in the Switchgear Industry Slows
After 1973,” by Arthur S. Herman and Phyllis F. Otto,
Monthly Labor Review, March 1984, pp. 33-36.
“ Status of Recommendations for Improving Official Produc­
tivity Measures,” White House Conference on Produc­
tivity, Background Paper, July 1983.
“ Productivity Measures: Industries and Government,”
reprint of chapter 11 of the b l s Handbook of Methods,
BLS Bulletin 2285 (1988).

Productivity and other economic trends

Productivity and Costs (quarterly news release).
Multifactor Productivity Measures (annual news release).
“ United States Multifactor Productivity Growth Since
1948,” by Edwin Dean and Kent Kunze, Monthly Labor
Review (forthcoming).
“ Capital Discards and Multifactor Productivity Measurement,”
by Susan Powers, Monthly Labor Review (forthcoming).
“ Multifactor Productivity in U.S. Manufacturing, 1949-83,”
by William Gullickson and Michael Harper, Monthly Labor
Review, October 1987, pp. 18-28.
“ Problems Encountered in Measuring Single- and Multifac­
tor Productivity,” by Jerome A. Mark, Monthly Labor
Review, December 1986, pp. 3-11.
“ United States Productivity Growth Since 1982: The PostRecession Experience,” by Lawrence J. Fulco, Monthly
Labor Review, December 1986, pp. 18-22.
“ The Contribution of Research and Development to Produc­
tivity Growth,” by Leo Sveikauskas, Monthly Labor
Review, March 1986, pp. 16-20.
“ The Decline in Productivity During the First Half of 1985,”
by Lawrence J. Fulco, Monthly Labor Review , December
1985, pp. 39-42.
“ Hours at Work Increase Relative to Hours Paid,” by Kent
Kunze, Monthly Labor Review, June 1985, pp. 44-47.
Trends in Manufacturing: A Chartbook, BLS Bulletin 2219
(April 1985). Out of print.
Productivity: A Selected, Annotated Bibliography, 1979-82,
BLS Bulletin 2212 (1984). Out of print.
“ A New BLS Survey Measures the Ratio of Hours Worked
to Hours Paid,” by Kent Kunze, Monthly Labor Review,
June 1984, pp. 3-7.
“ Multifactor Productivity: A New BLS Measure,” by
Jerome A. Mark and William H. Waldorf, Monthly Labor
Review, December 1983, pp. 3-15.
Trends in Multifactor Productivity, 1948-81, BLS Bulletin
2178 (September 1983). Out of print.

Productivity trends in governm ent

“ Productivity Trends in the Federal Government,” by
Donald M. Fisk, Monthly Labor Review, October 1985,
pp. 3-9.
“ Public Sector Productivity Measurement: The BLS Experi­
ence,” by Jerome A. Mark, The Measurement and Impli­
cations o f Productivity Growth: Proceedings o f a Workshop,
22-23 November 1984, Canberra, Bureau of Labour Mar­
ket Research, Australia Department of Employment and
Industrial Relations, Monograph Series No. 14 (1986).
“ Productivity Measurement as a Tool in Federal Manage­
ment Improvement,” by Charles W. Ardolini. Statement
for Subcommittee on Civil Service, Post Office, and
General Services of the U.S. Senate, Committee on
Governmental Affairs, September 1984. 28 pp.
Measuring Productivity in State and Local Government, by
Donald M. Fisk, b l s Bulletin 2166 (December 1983). Out
of print.




185

“ Productivity Change, Capacity Utilization, and the Sources
of Efficiency Growth,” b l s Working Paper 137 (June
1983).
Productivity and the Economy: A Chartbook, BLS Bulletin
2172 (June 1983). Out of print.
A BLS Reader on Productivity, BLS Bulletin 2171 (June
1983). Out of print.
“ Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Sub­
sectors,” reprint of chapter 10 of the BLS Handbook of
Methods, Bulletin 2285 (1988).
“ The Measurement of Capital Stock, Capital Wealth, and
Capital Services,” BLS Working Paper 128 (March 1982).

European Association of National Productivity Centers,
Conference on Managing for Productivity, Budapest, Hun­
gary, September 1987.
“ Japanese Unemployment: BLS Updates Its Analysis,” by
Constance Sorrentino, Monthly Labor Review, June 1987,
pp. 47-53.
“ International Trends in Productivity and Unit Labor Costs
in Manufacturing,” by Arthur Neef, Monthly Labor
Review, December 1986, pp. 12-17.
‘‘Developments in Productivity in the U.S. and Other Indus­
trialized Countries,” by Jerome A. Mark. Paper presented
at the Seminar on Strategies and Techniques for Produc­
tivity Improvement of the Mexican Secretaria of Labor and
the O.A.S., Mexico City, Mexico, April 7-9, 1986. 22 pp.
“ Productivity and Labor Costs Trends in Manufacturing, 12
Countries,” by Edwin Dean, Harry Boissevain, and James
Thomas, Monthly Labor Review, March 1986, pp. 3-10.
“ Alternative Measures of Capital Inputs for Computation
of Multifactor Productivity Growth in Japanese Manufac­
turing,” by Edwin Dean, Masako Darrough, and Arthur
Neef. Paper presented at the Conference on Productivity
Growth in Japan and the United States, Conference on
Research in Income and Wealth, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
August 26-28, 1985. 45 pp.
“ Recent Trends in Unemployment and the Labor Force, 10
Countries,” by Joyanna Moy, Monthly Labor Review,
August 1985, pp. 9-22.
“ Comparative Changes in Labor Productivity and Unit Labor
Costs by Manufacturing Industry: United States and
Western Europe,” by Arthur Neef and Edwin Dean. Paper
presented at the American Enterprise Institute Conference
on Interindustry Differences in Productivity Growth,
Washington, DC, October 1984. 77 pp.
“ Japan’s Low Unemployment: An In-depth Analysis,” by
Constance Sorrentino, Monthly Labor Review, March 1984,
pp. 18-27.
“ Recent Labor Market Developments in the U.S. and Nine
Other Countries,” by Joyanna Moy, Monthly Labor
Review, January 1984, pp. 44-51.
“ Labor Market Contrasts: United States and Europe,” by
Janet Norwood, Monthly Labor Review, August 1983,
pp. 3-7.
“ International Comparisons of Labor Force Participation,
1960-81,” by Constance Sorrentino, Monthly Labor
Review, February 1983, pp. 23-36.

Technology studies
“ Technological Change and Employment: Some Results
from BLS Research,” by Jerome A. Mark, Monthly Labor
Review, April 1987, pp. 26-29.
Technology and Labor in Four Industries (lumber and wood
products, footwear, hydraulic cement, and wholesale trade).
b l s Bulletin 2263 (December 1986). Price: $2.75.
Technology and Its Impact on Labor in Four Industries (tires,
aluminum, aerospace, banking), BLS Bulletin 2242 (1986).
Price: $2.75.

The Impact of Technology on Labor in Four Industries
(textiles, paper and paperboard, steel, motor vehicles), bls
Bulletin 2228 (1985). Out of print.
“ Implications of Technological Change,” by Jerome A.
Mark. Seminar presentation, Ixtapan de la Sal, Mexico,
August 1984. 31 pp.
Technological Change and Its Labor Impact in Four Indus­
tries (hosiery, folding paperboard boxes, metal cans, laun­
dry and cleaning), BLS Bulletin 2182 (1984). Out of print.
“ Technological Change,” reprint of chapter 12 of the BLS
Handbook of Methods, Bulletin 2285 (1988).
The Impact of Technology on Labor in Five Industries
(copper ore mining, printing and publishing, fabricated
structural metal, intercity trucking, water transportation),
bl s Bulletin 2137 (1982). Out of print.
Technology and Labor in Four Industries (meat products,
foundries, metalworking machinery, electrical and elec­
tronic equipment), BLS Bulletin 2104 (1982). Out of print.
Technology, Productivity, and Labor in the Bituminous Coal
Industry, 1950-79, b l s Bulletin 2072 (1981). Out of print.

“ Foreign Labor Statistics,” reprint of chapter 13 of
the BLS Handbook of Methods, Bulletin 2285 (1988).

International comparisons

International Comparisons of Manufacturing Productivity
and Labor Cost Trends: Preliminary Measures (annual
news release; usually in June).
International Comparisons of Hourly Compensation Costs
for Production Workers in Manufacturing, 1975-86, BLS
Report 745 (September 1987). 10 pp. “ Developments in Productivity in the U.S. and Industrial­
ized Countries,” by Jerome A. Mark. Presentation before




“ Unemployment, Labor Force Trends, and Layoff Practices
in 10 Countries,” by Joyanna Moy and Constance Sorren­
tino, Monthly Labor Review, December 1981, pp. 3-13.

Youth Unemployment: An International Perspective, BLS
Bulletin 2098 (September 1981). Out of print. Also, “ Youth
Unemployment: An International Perspective,” by Con­
stance Sorrentino, Monthly Labor Review, July 1981, pp.
3-15.
186

In d e x o f In d u s trie s

Page

Air and gas compressors..............
118
Air transportation..........................
138
179
Alcoholic beverages, State............
Alkalies..........................................
64
Alkalies and chlorine....................
64
Aluminum rolling and drawing . . .
93
Aluminum, primary......................
91
31
Animal feed....................................
Apparel and accessory stores........
145
Appliance, radio, television, and
music stores..................................
149
Appliances....................................... 123-127
Cooking equipment....................
124
Freezers......................................
125
Household, n.e.c.........................
127
Laundry equipment....................
126
Refrigerators..............................
125
Automobiles ................................... 132,158
Automotive repair shops ..............
153
Automotive stampings ..................
100

Industrial inorganic chemicals . .
63
Industrial inorganic chemicals,
66
n e c ............................................
Industrial organic chemicals,
n e c ............................................
72
Inorganic pigments....................
65
Paint and allied products..........
71
Pharmaceutical preparations . . . .
68
Soaps..........................................
69
67
Synthetic fibers..........................
Toiletries....................................
70
Chlorine..........................................
64
Cigarettes, chewing and smoking
tobacco........................................
40
Cigars ............................................
41
Class I bus carriers........................
136
Clay construction products............
80
Clay products................................ 79-83
Clay refractories............................
83
Clothing stores, family..................
147
Coal mining.................................... 14,15
Commercial banking......................
151
Communications, telephone..........
140
Compressors.................................. 115,118
Concrete products..........................
84
Concrete, ready-mixed..................
85
Construction machinery and
equipment....................................
108
Containers:
77
Glass............................................
Metal ..........................................
94
Cooking equipment........................
124
Copper mining, crude o r e ............
12
Copper mining, recoverable
metal ............................................
13
Copper, primary............................
90
Copper, rolling and drawing........
92
Com milling..................................
30
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes .
62
70
Cosmetics and other toiletries . . . .
Cotton and synthetic broad woven
fabrics..........................................
42
Crushed and broken stone............
17

Page

Page

Bakery products............................
32
Ball and roller bearings................
117
151
Banking, commercial....................
Barber shops.................................
152
Bearings..........................................
117
Beauty and barber sh op s............... 152,153
Beauty shops................................... 152,153
Beet sugar......................................
35
Beverages:
Alcoholic, State..........................
179
M alt............................................
37
M ilk............................................
22
Soft drinks..................................
38
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
15
Bottled and canned soft drinks . . .
38
Boxes.............................................. 61,62
Brick and structural clay tile ........
81
Bus carriers....................................
136
Cabinets..........................................
Candy and confectionery products
Canned fruits and vegetables........
Cans................................................
Car dealers ....................................
Cement ..........................................
Ceramic wall and floor t ile ..........
Cereal breakfast food s..................
Chemicals and allied products:
Alkalies ......................................
Chlorine......................................
Cosmetics....................................
Detergents..................................




47
36
24
94
144
78
82
28
64
64
70
69

Department stores..........................
Detergents......................................
Doors, metal..................................
Drinking places..............................
Drug and proprietary stores..........

143
69
98
149
150

Eating and drinking places............
Electric lamps................................
Electric services, State and local. .

149
128
178

187

Electric utilities..................................
Electrical equipment:
A p p liances.......................................
C o o k in g ...........................................
G enerators.......................................
Lamps ..............................................
L au n d ry...........................................
Lighting fix tu r e s...........................
M o to r s..............................................
Refrigerators and freezers .........
Switchboard.....................................
Sw itchgear.......................................
Transform ers..................................

142
123
124
122
128
126
129
122
125
121
121
120

Fabricated metal products:
C a n s ..................................................
94
D o o r s ................................................
98
Edge t o o l s .......................................
95
Hand t o o l s .......................................
95
Heating equipment .......................
96
Pipe ..................................................
103
Stampings......................................... 99-101
Structural m eta l..............................
97
Valves ..............................................
102
103
Fabricated pipe and fittin g s...........
Fabricated structural m etal..............
97
Family clothing s t o r e s .....................
147
Farm and garden m ach in ery .........
105
Farm machinery and equipment . .
106
31
Feeds for animals and f o w l s .........
Flour and other grain mill products
27
Flour, including flour m ixes, and
other g ra in s.......................................
26
Fluid m i lk ...........................................
22
Folding paperboard b o x e s ..............
61
Food s t o r e s .........................................
144
F o o tw ea r..............................................
76
Foundries:
Gray ir o n .........................................
87
S t e e l..................................................
88
Franchised new car d e a le r s...........
144
Fruits and vegetables:
C an n ed ..............................................
24
P reserved.........................................
23
Furniture:
H o u seh o ld .......................................
51-55
O ffic e ................................................
56-58
Furniture and home furnishings stores
148
Furniture, home furnishings and
equipment sto r e s..............................
148
Garden m achinery..............................
Gas and electric u tilities..................

105
141

Page
Gas utilities....................................
Gasoline service stations..............
Generators......................................
Glass containers............................
Grain mill products ......................
Animal fetid................................
Corn............................................
Flour............................................
R ic e ............................................
Gray iron foundries......................

142
145
122
77
25
31
30
26,27
29
87

Hand and edge tools......................
Hardware stores............................
Hardwood veneer and plywood. . .
Heating equipment, except
electric..........................................
Home furnishings, stores..............
Hosiery ..........................................
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts .
Household appliances, n.e.c..........
Household cooking equipment. . . .
Household furniture......................
Mattresses and bedsprings........
Metal furniture ..........................
Upholstered furniture................
Wood furniture..........................
Household laundry equipment . . . .
Household refrigerators and
freezers........................................
Hydraulic cement..........................

95
143
49

Industrial inorganic chemicals . . . .
Alkalies ......................................
Chlorine......................................
Pigments ....................................
Industrial inorganic chemicals,
n.e.c...............................................
Industrial organic chemicals,
n.e.c...............................................
Inorganic pigments........................
Instruments to measure electricity .
Intercity trucking ..........................
Intercity trucking, general freight .
Internal combustion engines,
n.e.c...............................................
Iron mining, crude ore..................
Iron mining, usable o r e ................

96
148
43
151
127
124
51
55
54
53
52
126
125
78
63
64
64
65
66
72
65
133
137
137
104
10
11

Kitchen cabinets............................

128
152
126
107
129
150

Machine tool accessories..............
Machine to o ls................................
Metal cutting..............................
Metal forming............................
Machinery:
Construction................................
Farm............................................
Garden........................................

114
I ll
112
113

M in in g ..............................................
O ilfield ..............................................
Major household appliances............
Malt b ev era g es...................................
Mattresses and bed sp rin gs..............
Meat packing p la n ts.........................
Meat products:
P o u ltry ..............................................
Red m e a t .........................................
Sausage ............................................
M en’s and boys’ clothing stores . .
Metal c a n s............................................
Metal cutting machine to o ls............
Metal doors, sash, and trim ...........
Metal forming machine to o ls .........
Metal household furnitu re..............
Metal office furniture.......................
Metal stam p in gs................................
Metal stampings, n .e .c ......................
M ilk .......................................................
Milling:
Cotton ..............................................
Grain ................................................
H osiery..............................................
Synthetic f ib e r s ..............................
W o o d ................................................
Y a r n ...................................................
M illw o r k ..............................................
Mining:
C o a l ...................................................
C o p p er..............................................
Iron.....................................................
Nonmetallic m in e r a ls...................
Stone ................................................
Mining machinery and equipm ent.
Miscellaneous plastics products . . .
M o t e ls ...................................................
Motor vehicles and equipment:
Labor productivity.........................
Multifactor p rod u ctivity..............
Motors and gen erators.....................
Multifactor measures:
Motor vehicles and equipm ent. .
S t e e l ...................................................

109
110
123
37
55
19
21
18
20
146
94
112
98
113
54
58
99
101
22
42
25
43
42
45,46
44
46
14,15
12,13
10,11
16
16,17
109
75
151
132
158
122
158
157

Nonelectric heating equipm ent.. . .
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Nonwool yarn m i l l s .........................

96
16
44

Office furniture...................................
M e t a l................................................
W o o d ................................................
Oilfield machinery and
eq u ip m en t.........................................

56
58
57

47

Lamps............................................
Laundry and cleaning services . . .
Laundry equipment........................
Lawn and garden equipment........
Lighting fixtures............................
Liquor stores..................................

Page




108
106
107

Paints and allied p r o d u c ts..............
Paper and allied products:
B a g s ...................................................
B o x e s ................................................
Paperboard.......................................
Paper and plastic b a g s .....................
Paper, paperboard, and pulp
m ills .....................................................
Petroleum pipelines .........................
Petroleum r e fin in g ............................

188

110
71
60
61,62
59
60
59
139
73

Page
Pharmaceutical preparations..........
Pigments.............................................
Pipe and fittings............................
Pipe fittings....................................
Pipelines ........................................
Plastic products:
B ags..................................................
Miscellaneous .................................
Plywood and veneer...........................
Hardwood .......... .'......................
Softwood....................................
Postal service, U.S.........................
Poultry dressing and processing . .
Prepared feeds for animals and
fowls ............................................
Preserved fruits and vegetables . . .
Primary aluminum........................
Primary copper..............................
Primary copper, lead, and zinc . . .
Pulp mills ......................................
Pumps and compressors................
Pumps and pumping equipment. . .

68
65
103
102
139
60
75
48
49
50
172
21
31
23
91
90
89
59
115
116

Radio and television receiving sets
130
Railroad transportation,
135
car-miles ..................................
Railroad transportation, revenue
traffic.............................................
134
Raw and refined cane sugar ........
34
Ready-mixed concrete ..................
85
Red meat products........................
18
Refining, petroleum......................
73
Refrigeration and heating
equipment....................................
119
Refrigerators and freezers............
125
Retail food stores..........................
144
Retail trade:
Appliance stores........................
149
Car dealers..................................
144
Clothing stores ............................145-147
Department stores......................
143
Drug stores................................
150
Eating and drinking places........
149
Food stores ................................
144
Furniture stores..........................
148
Hardware stores ........................
143
Liquor stores..............................
150
Service stations..........................
145
Shoe stores..................................
147
Rice milling....................................
29
Sausages and other prepared
m eats............................................
20
Sawmills and planing mills,
general..........................................
45
Semiconductors..............................
131
Service stations..............................
145
Services:
Automotive repair shops............
153
Beauty and barber shops ........... 152,153
Hotels, motels, and tourist
courts........................................
151
Laundry and cleaning services . .
152
Shoe stores ....................................
147
Smelting and refining............ ..
89-91

Soaps and detergents ....................
69
Soft drinks......................................
38
Softwood veneer and plywood. . . .
50
Stampings:
Automotive ................................
100
M etal..........................................
99
101
Miscellaneous ............................
Steel:
Labor productivity......................
86
Multifactor productivity............
157
Steel foundries ..............................
88
Stone..............................................
17
Stores:
Apparel ....................................... 145-147
149
Appliance....................................
Clothing, boys’ ..........................
146
Clothing, family ........................
147
Clothing, men’s ..........................
146
Clothing, women’s ....................
146
Department ................................
143
Drug............................................
150
Food............................................
144
Furniture....................................
148
Hardware....................................
143
Liquor ........................................
150
Shoe............................................
147
Structural clay products................
79
Structural metal..............................
97

S u g a r ....................................................
Beet ..................................................
Raw ..................................................

33
35
34

R efined..............................................
Switchboard.........................................
SCitchgear and switchboard
apparatus...........................................
Synthetic fib e r s..................................

34
121

Telephone com m unications............
Television se ts.....................................
T e x tile s ................................................
Tile:
C era m ic...........................................
C l a y ..................................................
Tires and inner tu b e s .......................
Tobacco products, a l l .......................
C h ew in g...........................................
Cigarettes.........................................
C igars................................................
S m ok in g...........................................
T oiletries..............................................
Tools:
Hand and edge ..............................
M ach in e...........................................
Metal cu ttin g ..................................
Metal fo rm in g ................................
Transformers.......................................

☆ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1988— 2 0 2 - 1 0 9




/ 8 4 9 1 1

121
42,67
140
130
42
82
81
74
39
40
40
41
40
70
95
Ill
112
113
120

Transportation:
A ir ..............................................
138
B u s..............................................
136
Pipelines......................................
139
Railroads.................................... 134,135
Truck..........................................
137
Unemployment insurance, State ..
Upholstered household furniture ..
U tilities..........................................
Electric........................................
G as..............................................

178
53
141
142
142

Valves and pipe fittings................
Veneer and plywood......................
Hardwood ..................................
Softwood....................................

102
48
49
50

Wet corn milling............................
Women’s ready-to-wear stores . . .
Wood household furniture............
Wood kitchen cabinets..................
Wood office furniture....................
Wood products:
Cabinets......................................
Furniture....................................
Millwork....................................
Veneer and plywood..................
Yarn mills, except wool................

30
146
52
47
57
47
52,57
46
48-50
44

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Bureau of Labor Statistics
Regional Offices

Region I
Kennedy Federal Building
Suite 1603
Boston, MA 02203
Phone: (617) 565-2327

Region IV
1371 Peachtree Street, N.W.
Atlanta, GA 30367
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