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A
a- 3 '
Productivity Measures for
Selected Industries, 1954-79
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
April 1981
Bulletin 2093
- H
5 ,4 ,
r ,
Productivity Measures for
Selected Industries, 1954-79
U.S. Department of Labor
Raymond J. Donovan, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
April 1981
Bulletin 2093
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D .C . 20402
Preface
This bulletin updates through 1979 indexes of output
per employee hour and output per employee for the
industries currently included in the U.S. Government’s
productivity measurement program. For most indus
tries, indexes are presented in this bulletin beginning
with 1954. For many of these industries, however, data
can be obtained beginning with 1947 upon request.
Indexes are published for the first time for the follow
ing industries: Paper and plastic bags; fabricated struc
tural metal; construction machinery; drug and proprie
tary stores; ball and roller bearings; and bus carriers.
An article on the paper and plastic bag industry ap
peared in the May 1980 issue of the Monthly Labor
Review. Articles on other new industries were also
published in the Monthly Labor Review: Fabricated
structural metal (June 1980), construction machinery
(July 1980), drug and proprietary stores (November
1980), and ball and roller bearings (January 1981). An
article on bus carriers will appear in a forthcoming
issue. Indexes for electric utilities and gas utilities are
presented separately for the first time.
Each index is intended to represent only the change in
output per employee hour for the designated industry or
combination of industries. These industries are not
necessarily a representative cross-section of U.S. indus
try. They should not be combined, therefore, to obtain
an overall measure for the entire U.S. economy or for
any sector. However, the Bureau of Labor Statistics
does publish indexes of output per hour of all persons
and related measures for the private business sector and
the nonfarm business, manufacturing, and nonfinancial
corporate sectors. These productivity series show the
relationship between gross product originating in these
sectors and employment and hours. (The data are
presented in the Bureau of Labor Statistics press
releases Productivity and Costs (quarterly), in the
Monthly Labor Review, and in Employment and
Earnings.)
The productivity measures in this bulletin describe the
relationship between output in real terms and the labor
time involved in its production. They show the changes
from year to year in the amount of labor time required
to produce a unit of output. Although these measures
relate output to employment and employee hours, they
do not measure the specific contributions of labor,
capital, or any other factor of production. Rather, they
reflect the joint effect of a number of interrelated influ
ences, such as changes in technology; capital investment
per worker; level of output; utilization of capacity;
layout and flow of material; managerial skill; and skills
and effort of the work force. Some of the productivity
measures use a labor input series based on hours paid
and some use a labor input series based on hours at the
plant.
Further information concerning the indexes published
in this bulletin can be obtained by writing the Division
of Industry Productivity Studies, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, Washington, D.C., 20212. (Telephone 202523-9244.)
This bulletin was prepared in the Bureau’s Office of
Productivity and Technology by Andrew Campbell,
Richard Carnes, John Duke, Mary Farris, John Ferris,
Brian Friedman, Deborah Green, Ed Henneberger,
Clyde Huffstutler, Phyllis Otto, Elmer Persigehl, Bruce
Pierce, Jack Veigle, Vernette Washington, Patricia
Wilder, and James York, under the direction of Horst
Brand, John Carey, Arthur Herman, and Charles
Ardolini, Chief, Division of Industry Productivity
Studies.
Material in this publication is in the public domain
and may, with appropriate credit, be reproduced
without permission.
iii
Contents
Page
Highlights of trends in output per employee h our......................................................................
Current developments..........................................................................................................
Long-term trends............................
New m easures......................................................................................................................
Chart 1. Growth in output per employee hour in selected
industries, 1974-79...........................................................................................
Table 1. Selected industries: Employment, 1979, and average
annual rates of change in output per employee hour, 1974-79 ...................
4
Methods and d a ta ........................................................................................................................
7
Charts and tables ...................................................
9
Other
bls
1
1
2
2
3
publications on productivity and technology............................................................. 204
v
Highlights of Trends in Output
per Employee Hour
Current developments
From 1978 to 1979, output per employee hour in
creased in only slightly more than one-half of the indus
tries for which data are presented in this report. In
contrast, from 1977 to 1978, productivity advanced in
two-thirds of the industries. This slowdown in produc
tivity was consistent with the performance of the non
farm business sector as a whole, where productivity fell
0.8 percent in 1979Among the large manufacturing industries, the motor
vehicle industry sustained a 3.7 percent decline in output
per employee hour in 1979 as output dropped 8.8 per
cent and employee hours fell 5.3 percent. The gasoline
shortage and higher prices caused a substantial shift in
consumer demand from large to smaller cars. Gains in
the production of smaller models were not enough to
offset the decline in the production of larger models. In
terruptions in the production flow caused by the de
mand shift had a negative influence on productivity.
Steel, another large manufacturing industry, also ex
perienced a decline in productivity—1.3 percent—based
on a reduction of 0.3 percent in output and an increase
of 1.0 percent in employee hours. Steel mill shipments
remained strong in the first half of 1979 but declined
sharply in the second half. Demand from the auto
mobile market, a major steel consumer, started out
strongly but slumped in the second half of the year, and
shipments to this market were down sharply by yearend.
Another weakened market for steel in 1979 was the ap
pliance industry because of a decline in residential con
struction.
Other large manufacturing industries posting produc
tivity declines in 1979 were: Sawmills, -3.1 percent;
petroleum refining, -2 .2 percent; gray iron foundries,
-0 .8 percent; pulp and paper, -0 .4 percent; and con
struction machinery, -0 .3 percent. All of these indus
tries except pulp and paper had declines in output in
1979.
On the positive side, however, several large manu
facturing industries did post productivity gains. Of
these, the fabricated structural metal industry scored
one of the highest gains. Productivity in this industry in
creased 6 percent in 1979 as output went up by over 14
percent and employee hours climbed by nearly 8 per
1
cent. Output growth was stimulated by a substantial rise
in use of steel in construction, particularly in buildings
for industrial use and in bridges.
Other large industries recording productivity gains
were: Fluid milk, 5.3 percent; motors and generators,
3.6 percent; major household appliances, 3.0 percent;
tires and inner tubes, 2.9 percent; household furniture,
2.8 percent; bakery products, 1.6 percent; footwear, 1.1
percent; bottled and canned soft drinks, 0.9 percent;
corrugated and solid fiber boxes, 0.5 percent; and phar
maceutical preparations, 0.5 percent.
Most of the mining industries experienced produc
tivity declines, though all recorded increases in output in
1979. Productivity in coal mining dropped 9.5 percent.
Even though output in this industry increased dramati
cally—by nearly 16 percent-production worker hours
rose even more as the industry recovered from a major
strike in 1978. Copper mining (recoverable metal) and
nonmetallic minerals recorded large productivity
declines of 10.0 and 3.7 percent, respectively. The only
exception to the falloff in productivity among the min
ing industries was iron mining (usable ore), where pro
ductivity increased 6.9 percent as output posted an
above-average gain.
Among the transportation industries, intercity truck
ing experienced the largest falloff in productivity, 1.2
percent. Output in this industry advanced only 0.2 per
cent while employment increased 1.4 percent. The out
put of the trucking industry was adversely affected by
declines in the shipments of petroleum products and
motor vehicles. Additionally, several nationwide strikes
in 1979 had a negative impact on productivity. Posting a
small decline in productivity of 0.1 percent, the railroad
transportation industry saw output rise 2.4 percent
while hours advanced 2.5 percent in 1979. The rise in in
dustry output, sustained by coal shipments, was more
than balanced by the 1979 growth in hours, which rose
sharply after a work stoppage in 1978. Productivity in
the air transportation industry increased 3.4 percent.
Output in this industry was up by about 10 percent while
the number of employees increased by over 6 percent. In
the petroleum pipelines industry, productivity was up by
2.2 percent as output grew by 4.0 percent while em
ployee hours were u p j.7 percent. Bus carriers posted a
small increase in productivity of 0.4 percent in 1979.
In utilities, both the gas and electric industries ex
perienced declines in productivity, dropping by 0.1 and
0.4 percent, respectively. On the other hand, the tele
phone communications industry had a productivity gain
of 3.6 percent.
Productivity declined in most retail trade and service
industries: Laundry and cleaning services, -6 .3 per
cent; hotels and motels, - 5.8 percent; eating and drink
ing places, -5 .5 percent; and new car dealers, -4 .7
percent. All of these industries, except hotels and
motels, had output declines in 1979. Productivity fell
0.8 percent in retail food stores as output rose slightly
while hours rose even more. On the other hand, produc
tivity rose 0.6 percent in gasoline service stations as
hours declined more steeply than output. Productivity
increased 0.8 percent in drug stores based on small gains
in output and hours.
this industry advanced at an annual rate of 4.4 percent.
Rapid growth in the later period was aided by a sharp
gain in output for one of the industry’s products, high
fructose corn syrup, a sugar substitute. In addition, a
number of new plants, utilizing the latest computerized
controls, came on line during this period. Other indus
tries with high rates of growth in productivity during the
1974-79 period were the synthetic fibers and the tele
phone communications industries. Productivity ad
vanced at a rate of 7.8 and 7.3 percent, respectively, in
these industries. In the synthetic fibers industry,
productivity growth was augmented by substantial out
put growth in the late seventies coupled with cost
cutting measures which reduced the number of employee
hours. In the telephone communications industry, the
accelerated introduction of electronic switching in long
distance service contributed to the growth in produc
tivity.
Long-term trends
Among the industries that experienced productivity
declines during the 1974-79 period, blended and pre
pared flour dropped the most, down 6.4 percent per
year. Steel foundries also experienced a decline, drop
ping 3.1 percent annually. Other industries in which
productivity declined during the 1974-79 period were:
Coal mining (-2 .5 percent), eating and drinking places
(-2 .4 percent), primary aluminum (-1 .1 percent), bus
carriers (-0 .9 percent), retail food stores (-0 .9 per
cent), brick and structural clay tile (-0 .3 percent), and
gas utilities ( - 0.2 percent). (See table 1.)
All of the industries presented in this report have
recorded productivity growth over the long term
(1947-79 for many of the industries). Among these, the
petroleum pipelines industry posted the highest rate, 7.1
percent between 1958 and 1979, because of a large gain
in the volume of petroleum products shipped coupled
with the continuing utilization of highly automatic
equipment. The air transportation industry experienced
the second highest rate of productivity growth, 6.9 per
cent annually from 1947 to 1979. This industry had the
highest rate of growth in output (12.1 percent per year)
over this time period. On the other hand, bus carriers
recorded the lowest rate of growth in productivity, only
0.4 percent per year from 1954 to 1979. This low rate of
productivity growth reflects low output growth, reduced
bus speeds, stable load factors, and only modest tech
nological innovation.
Although the rates of productivity change varied
widely among the industries during the 1974-79 period
(see chart 1), three-fourths of the industries recorded
lower average annual gains in this more recent period
than during 1947-74. This experience matches the pro
ductivity record of the economy as a whole. From 1947
to 1974, productivity in the nonfarm business sector
grew 2.4 percent per year while from 1974 to 1979 the
annual growth rate was only 1.4 percent. The slower
growth in productivity among the industries included in
this report was associated with less rapid output growth
in the later period. Nearly 70 percent of the industries
recorded lower output growth rates in the last 5 years
than in the earlier period.
New measures
Paper and plastic bags (sic 2643). Productivity rose at
an average annual rate of 2.9 percent between 1954 and
1978. This was due to an annual increase in output of
4.6 percent and in employee hours of 1.7 percent. The
long-term productivity rise resulted primarily from im
proved technologies, especially in plastic bag produc
tion. Comparatively high output rates were induced by
expansion in consumer spending on soft goods, the
chief market for bags, which improved the industry’s
use of staff and equipment.
The long-term trend in productivity has been marked
by two distinct phases. Between 1954 and 1967, gains in
output per employee hour averaged 2.6 percent per
year. From 1967 forward, the rate of gain accelerated,
rising to 3.3 percent a year. The acceleration was asso
ciated with intensified and widely diffused mechaniza
tion of work.
Fabricated structural metal (sic 3441). Output per
employee hour in the industry rose at an average annual
rate of 1.2 percent from 1958 to 1979. This was the
result of an average annual increase of 2.2 percent in
output and 1.0 percent in employee hours.
There were a few notable exceptions to the falloff in
productivity growth in the last few years. The wet corn
milling industry, with a 9.0 percent average annual gain,
posted the highest growth in productivity during the
later period. During the earlier period, productivity in
2
Chart 1. Growth in output per employee hour in selected industries, 1974-79
Average annual percent change
-6
)
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
l
l
i
i
!
I
I
I
j
I
i
l
Synthetic fibers
Telephone communications
Copper mining, recoverable metal
Air transportation
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Flour and other grain mill products
Tires and inner tubes
Gasoline service stations
Fluid milk
Railroad transportation, revenue traffic
Motor vehicles and equipment
Petroleum refining
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Household furniture
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Electric utilities
Intercity trucking
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Steel
Franchised new car dealers
Bakery products
Pharmaceutical preparations
Footwear
Drug and proprietary stores
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts
Laundry and cleaning
Gas utilities
Brick and structural clay tile
Class I bus carriers
Retail food stores
Primary aluminum
Eating and drinking places
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
Steel foundries
3
Table 1. Selected industries: Employment, 1979, and average annual rates of change in output per employee hour, 1974-79
SIC code
Output per employee hour:
Average annual rate of change,
1974-79 (percent)1
Employment, 1979
(thousands)
Industry
All
employees
Production
workers
Non
production
workers
All
employees
Production
workers
Non
production
workers2
M ining
1011
1011
1021
1021
111, 121
121
14
142
Iron mining, crude o re ............................
Iron mining, usable o r e ..........................
Copper mining, crude o r e ......................
Copper mining, recoverable m etal........
Coal m in in g .............................................
Bituminous coal and lignite m ining. . . .
Nonmetallic minerals, except fu e ls. . . .
Crushed and broken s to n e ....................
25
25
33
33
263
260
123
41
20
20
26
26
219
216
98
34
5
5
7
7
44
44
25
7
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
2.7
1.9
6.2
6.8
-2 .5
-2 .6
2.1
2.6
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
M a nufacturing
2026
203
2033
204
2041
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047, 48
Fluid m ilk .................................................
Preserved fruits and vegetables............
Canned fruits and vegetables................
Grain mill p ro d u c ts ................................
Flour and other grain mill products . . . .
Cereal breakfast fo o d s ..........................
Rice m illin g ............................................
Blended and prepared f lo u r ..................
Wet corn milling ....................................
Prepared feeds for animals and fowls ..
110
255
103
144
25
16
5
9
13
76
(3)
209
86
99
16
12
4
6
9
52
(3)
46
17
45
9
4
1
3
4
24
3.7
*2.5
42.3
42.8
5.4
41.6
4 .9
4-6 .4
49.0
42.6
(3)
42.9
43.0
43.2
5.6
41.5
41.4
4-5 .0
48.4
43.5
(3)
4 .4
4- 3 .0
41.7
4.8
42.2
4- .1
4-1 0 .2
410.6
4 .7
205
2061,
2061,
2063
2065
2082
2086
2111,
2111,
Bakery products ..................................
Sugar .......................................................
Raw and refined cane s u g a r..................
Beet s u g a r..............................................
Candy and confectionery products . . . .
Malt beverages ....................................
Bottled and canned soft d r in k s ..........
All tobacco products..............................
Cigarettes, chewing and smoking
tobacco...................................................
C ig a rs.................. ..................................
233
30
18
11
58
52
140
57
136
21
13
9
46
36
49
45
97
9
5
2
12
16
91
12
1.2
3.4
42.8
41.4
42.6
5.1
5.5
2.8
1.4
4.1
42.8
42.2
41.2
4.3
6.6
3.3
1.0
.8
42.8
4-4 .1
48.6
7.0
4.9
- .6
49
8
38
7
11
1
3.0
2.8
3.7
2.3
H osiery...................................................
Sawmills and planing mills, general ..
Veneer and p ly w o o d ..............................
Household fu rn itu re ..............................
Wood household fu rn itu re ....................
Upholstered household furniture........
Metal household fu rn itu re ....................
Mattresses and b e d sp rin g s ................
Paper, paperboard, and pulp mills . . . .
Paper and plastic b a g s ........................
65
197
77
331
158
102
32
32
272
51
58
176
68
279
138
84
26
24
207
40
7
21
9
52
20
18
6
8
65
11
5.6
.8
43.3
2.2
41.0
43.9
42.0
42.2
3.4
4 .5
5.2
.9
43.0
2.2
4 .8
43.8
41.2
42.4
3.7
4 .9
9.1
(5)
46.2
2.4
42.3
44.1
45.9
41.5
2.1
4- 1.3
2651
2653
2823, 24
2834
2841
2851
2911
3011
314
3221
Folding paperboard b o x e s ..................
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes........
Synthetic fib e rs ....................................
Pharmaceutical preparations..............
Soaps and detergents..........................
Paints and allied p ro d u c ts ..................
Petroleum refining ..............................
Tires and inner tu b es............................
F o o tw e a r..............................................
Glass co n taine rs..................................
45
110
89
154
41
69
165
122
151
74
36
82
68
74
27
36
104
88
130
65
9
28
21
80
14
33
61
34
21
9
.9
1.5
7.8
1.2
4 .2
4.0
2.7
4.8
1.0
1.1
.8
1.5
7.3
1.4
4 .4
4.0
2.8
3.9
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.7
9.4
(3)
4- .2
3.9
2.4
8.0
.6
.8
3241
325
3251, 53, 59
3251
3253
3255
3271, 72
3273
331
3321
Hydraulic c e m e n t................................
Structural clay p ro d u cts......................
Clay construction p ro d u c ts ................
Brick and structural clay tile ............
Ceramic wall and floor t i l e ..................
Clay re fra cto rie s ..................................
Concrete products ..............................
Ready-mixed concrete ......................
S te e l.......................................................
Gray iron fo u n d rie s ..............................
33
52
38
22
8
14
95
92
569
146
27
40
31
19
6
10
72
(3)
450
121
6
12
7
3
2
4
23
(3)
119
25
2.9
2.4
3.0
- .3
(3)
.5
41.3
4 .8
1.4
1.1
2.7
2.3
2.8
- .5
(3)
.9
41.5
(3)
1.4
1.5
3.9
2.6
3.9
.8
(3)
- .6
4 .3
(3)
1.4
- .9
3324, 25
3331, 32, 33
3331
3334
Steel foundries ....................................
Primary copper, lead, and z in c ............
Primary copper .....................................
Primary a lum inum ................................
72
25
16
36
57
19
12
29
15
6
4
7
-3 .1
3.5
5.2
- 1.1
-2 .8
3.4
4.7
-1 .5
-4 .5
4.1
7.5
.2
62, 63
62
21, 31
31
2121
2251,
2421
2435,
251
2511,
2512
2514
2515
2611,
2643
52
36
17
21, 31, 61
See footnotes at end of table.
4
-
.5
9.7
Table 1. Continued—Selected industries: Employment, 1979, and average annual rates of change in output per employee hour,
1974-79
SIC code
Output per employee hour:
Average annual rate of change,
1974-79 (percent)’
Employment, 1979
(thousands)
Industry
Production
workers
All
employees
Non
production
workers
All
employees
Production
workers
Non
production
workers2
3351
3353, 54, 55
3411
3441
3531
3562
Copper rolling and drawing ..................
Aluminum rolling and d raw ing..............
Metal c a n s .............................................
Fabricated structural m e ta l..................
Construction machinery and equipment
Ball and roller bearings..........................
34
70
67
105
158
59
27
57
57
76
107
46
7
13
10
29
51
13
4.2
1.8
45.1
(5)
.7
.7
3.6
.9
45.2
- .1
1.4
.6
6.2
5.2
44.1
.3
-1 .2
.7
3621
3631, 32, 33, 39
3631
3632
3633
3639
3641
3645, 46, 47, 48
3651
371
Motors and gen era to rs..........................
Major household a p p lia n ce s................
Household cooking e q u ip m e n t............
Household refrigerators and freezers ..
Household laundry equipm ent..............
Household appliances, n.e.c................
Electric la m p s ......................................
Lighting fix tu re s ....................................
Radio and television receiving sets .. .
Motor vehicles and equipm ent..............
131
97
28
33
20
17
38
70
87
995
99
79
22
28
16
13
33
54
63
768
32
18
6
5
4
4
5
16
24
227
.9
2.7
.3
3.0
3.7
4.1
3.6
43.0
4.0
3.5
.6
2.1
- .1
2.1
3.1
4.1
3.4
43.0
4.9
3.0
2.0
4.9
1.9
7.8
6.4
4.0
5.0
43.1
1.4
5.1
3.7
1.4
- .9
•1.8
81.6
66.0
1.9
7.3
1.2
1.9
- .2
3.8
1.5
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
3.8
(3)
71.8
(3)
(3)
2.8
.5
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
-
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
Other
401 Class I
401 Class I
4111, 31, 414 parts
4213 part
4213 part
4511
4612, 13
4811
491, 92, 93
491, 493 part
492, 493 part
Railroad transportation, revenue traffic
Railroad transportation, car miles . . . .
Bus carriers, class I ..............................
Intercity tru ckin g ..................................
Intercity trucking (general fre ig h t)........
Air transportation ................................
Petroleum p ip e lin e s ............................
Telephone com m unications................
Gas and electric u tilitie s ......................
Electric u tilitie s ....................................
Gas u tilitie s ...........................................
503
503
35
780
488
343
20
1,050
736
525
211
438
438
(3)
(3)
(2)
(3)
14
(3)
7599
(3)
(3)
65
65
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
6
(3)
8137
(3)
(3)
54
5511
5541
58
5912
7011
721
Retail food stores9................................
Franchised new car d e a le rs................
Gasoline service stations9 ..................
Eating and drinking places9 ................
Drug and proprietary stores9 ..............
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts9 . ..
Laundry and cleaning services9 ............
2,548
841
740
4,935
524
1,012
422
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
5 Less than 0.05 percent.
8 Output per employee.
7 Nonsupervisory personnel.
8 Supervisory personnel and force account construction workers.
9 Data relate to all persons.
1 Based on the linear least squares trends of the logarithms of the in
dex numbers.
2 Rates of change for nonproduction workers are subject to a wider
margin of error than other rates shown.
3 Not available.
4 1974-78.
Productivity growth has been retarded by increased
requirements for quality control, the made-to-order
nature of goods produced in the industry, and the lag in
adjusting employment to changing output levels.
Because of the high skill level of the work force, some
employers attempt to retain employees during business
downturns. When demand drops, employers tend to
make lower bids for work, or bid on smaller jobs than
they normally handle. This enables them to continue
operating and retain their employees, and to cover some
overhead costs in paying for capital equipment. How
ever, this results in productivity declines during cyclical
downturns.
The most important new technological development
in the industry is the automatic beam line, which has
been an important aid to productivity growth. Using the
old techniques, beam handling was a time-consuming
.9
1.4
4.7
-2 .4
1.0
.5
.3
and costly process in the shop. The introduction of
automatic beam lines eliminated much of this burden.
This process has facilitated the use of automatic equip
ment for cutting, punching, drilling, and welding.
Usually, the layout of the plant is altered to accom
modate beam handling equipment, which minimizes the
number of times and the distances the metal must be
moved.
Construction machinery and equipment (sic 3531). Pro
ductivity in the construction machinery industry rose at
a 1.9 percent average annual rate between 1958 and
1979. Output increases averaged 4.4 percent per year
and employee hour increases 2.5 percent per year during
this period. Productivity gains resulted mainly from
innovations in machining and welding operations at the
industry’s plants, and from improvements in material
handling and storage.
5
quarter helped boost industry output 6.1 percent for the
year, and productivity increased 0.4 percent.
The class I regulated bus industry comprises 43 inter
city and 13 local carriers certificated by the Interstate
Commerce Commission. The sources of revenue for bus
carriers have changed substantially since 1954. Intercity
and local passenger revenue has declined in relative
terms while charter and package express service has
shown significant growth. Charter service has expanded
due to the increase in group travel and tourism in
general, while package express service has benefited
from the large distribution network provided by inter
city buses.
Load factors have changed little since 1954; this helps
to explain the low rate of productivity advance experi
enced in the industry. The percent of capacity utilized
during this period has remained at about 47 percent.
Reduced investment has also affected bus industry pro
ductivity. Since 1954, investment in plant and equip
ment by intercity bus carriers has declined; capital in
vestment per worker fell over 20 percent.
This industry, highly dependent on construction
industry demand, experienced sharp cyclical swings in
output and productivity over the period. In half of the
years examined, year-to-year output changes exceeded
10 percent. Changes in productivity ranged from a 10.5
percent decrease to a 9.6 percent increase, with declines
occurring in 5 of the 21 years examined.
Ball and roller bearings (sic 3562). Productivity in the
ball and roller bearings industry grew at an average an
nual rate of 2.7 percent during 1958-79, slightly less
than the 2.8 percent rate for all manufacturing. This rise
was associated with average annual increases of 3.5 per
cent in output and 0.8 percent in employee hours. The
adoption of electronic control equipment to run produc
tion machinery, coupled with continuing improvements
in this machinery, has been an important factor in the
industry’s productivity gains.
Productivity changes have displayed great variation
from year to year. Annual increases over the period
measured ranged from 0.2 percent to 25.4 percent.
There were decreases in 6 years. Bearings are used to
reduce the friction between moving parts of machines or
various types of equipment. Because so many different
products have moving parts, the overall market for
bearings is very diverse. Consequently, changes in the
level of economic activity, particularly in transporta
tion-related industries such as motor vehicles, can cause
sharp shifts in output and employee hours. These fluc
tuations have affected short-term productivity move
ments but, over the long term, improvements in produc
tion machinery have resulted in an above-average rate
of productivity increase.
Drug and proprietary stores (SIC 5912). Output per hour
of all persons in the drug and proprietary store industry
increased at an average annual rate of 4.6 percent from
1958 through 1979, compared with an average of 2.1
percent for the nonfarm business sector of the economy
during the same period. The gain in productivity over
the 22-year period reflects an average annual increase of
4.7 percent in output with virtually no average change in
hours of all persons in the industry. For the most recent
6-year period, 1973-79, productivity increased at a
slower annual rate—averaging 1.0 percent.
The strong growth in output per hour of all persons
has been influenced by a trend toward fewer and larger
stores. Large chainstore organizations and groups of
stores known as cooperatives and voluntaries have
grown to dominate industry sales, while the number of
unaffiliated, independently owned, smaller drugstores
has declined significantly. Chains have increased the
number of stores in high-volume shopping centers and
have expanded the number and type of products of
fered. In contrast to independents, chains, cooperatives,
and voluntaries can more easily take advantage of tech
nological advances and use better management and
marketing techniques.
A number of technological innovations have been in
troduced into drugstore operations. These include elec
tronic price-marking machines and electronic prescrip
tion-filling and -logging machines. Electronic cash
registers now tabulate and keep accurate sales and
inventory records. Computers are used for bookkeeping
operations, data processing, and inventory control.
They are also used to forecast seasonal needs in stores
and warehouses and to handle the increased paperwork
involved in third-party payment plans in prescription
departments.
Class I bus carriers (p ts o f SIC's 4111, 4131, 414). Pro
ductivity advanced slowly during 1954-79—at an
average of 0.4 percent a year—reflecting low output
growth, reduced bus speeds, and only modest tech
nological innovations such as improved engine designs.
The 0.4 percent growth in productivity resulted from a
small average annual increase in industry output of 0.1
percent combined with an average annual decline in
employee hours of 0.3 percent.
Bus operations have suffered from the recent energy
shortages. The 55-mile-per-hour national speed limit
has resulted in longer running times between cities.
Lower speeds have increased the labor time needed to
drive a given distance and have acted to reduce produc
tivity. However, while total travel might be expected to
decline as a result of higher fuel costs, the relative fuel
efficiency of buses may act to enhance demand for this
mode of transportation, especially for shorter distances.
In 1974, when the energy crisis started, output in the bus
industry increased 8.4 percent and productivity rose 3.7
percent as the bus became an important alternative to
the automobile. Again in 1979, gas shortages in the 2nd
6
Methods and Data
The indexes o f output per employee hour are com
puted by dividing an index of output by an index of ag
gregate employee hours. Corresponding measures also
are computed relating output to the number of employ
ees. Thus, the industry indexes presented measure
changes in the relationship between output and employ
ment or employee hours.
The output indexes are based primarily on the physi
cal quantity of the products of the industry combined
with fixed period weights. Unit employee hour weights
are used whenever possible to aggregate the data.
For many industries, however, unit labor weights are
not available at the detailed product level so substitute
weights must be used. The most common substitute
weights are unit values, which are assumed to be pro
portional to unit employee hours. For many manufac
turing industries, however, employee hour weights at
the product-class level can be developed from the avail
able data. In such cases, a dual-level weighting system is
used—unit value weights at the product level and unit
labor weights at the product-class level.
Although the weights relate to fixed periods, they are
updated periodically, usually in conjunction with
economic censuses. Thus, most indexes for 1947-58 are
based on 1947 weights; for 1958-63, 1958 weights; for
1963-67, 1963 weights; for 1967-72, 1967 weights; and
for 1972-79, 1972 weights. For three industries—rail
roads, iron mining, and copper mining—two alternative
productivity measures, using different concepts of
industry output, are presented.
Beginning in 1978, the productivity and output
measures for the steel industry (sic 331) reflect the
introduction of 1977 weights and a modification in the
methodology used to construct the output measure.
Previously, the individual steel mill products were com
bined with relative weights which reflected only those
hours required beyond the raw steel or ingot stage of
production. The new relative weights reflect all of the
employee hours associated with the production of each
individual product, not just the hours required beyond
the raw steel or ingot stage. The measure is also adjusted
for net additions to inventory. The change in meth
odology was necessary because of the increasing use of
continuous casting techniques. These techniques
eliminate the ingot stage in the production of steel mill
products.
Periodically, the output indexes for most of the
measures are adjusted to levels based on data reported
in the economic censuses for mining, manufacturing,
and business. The most current adjustments presented
in this report reflect data from the 1972 economic
censuses.
Employment and employee hour indexes are developed
primarily from basic data compiled by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics and the Bureau of the Census. In con
cept, indexes based on employee hour data from the
Bureau of the Census relate to plant hours only. Em
ployee hour data from b l s include not only hours at
work but also payroll hours such as vacations, holidays,
and sick leave paid by the establishment directly to the
employee.1In general, because of increases in paid leave
during the period, output per employee hour worked
would tend to show a somewhat higher rate of gain than
output per employee hour paid. However, actual differ
ences may result from statistical limitations in the data
as well as from differences in concepts.
Industries for which b l s data are used for the
measures of employment and hours have been revised to
reflect adjustments to new universe levels. In other in
dustries, the indexes have been revised back to 1977.
This report includes indexes of output per employee
hour and output per employee. In most cases, the in
dexes are shown for all employees, production workers,
and nonproduction workers.2 Although both b l s and
the Bureau of the Census provide data on production
worker hours, neither source provides annual data by
industry on nonproduction worker or all-employee
hours. Therefore, the nonproduction worker hours are
estimated.
The estimates of aggregate nonproduction worker
hours for the manufacturing industries are derived from
published employment data and from estimates of
average annual hours paid or worked per nonproduc1 Indexes for the railroad transportation industry are based on data
from the Interstate Commerce Commission and are related primarily
to hours at work.
2 The term “ production workers’’ covers manufacturing and min
ing employees who work at the plant or mine and who are generally in
nonsupervisory occupations. The remaining employees, such as pro
fessional, technical, clerical, supervisory, etc., are identified as “ non
production workers.’’
7
tion worker. Prior to 1968, the estimates of average an
nual hours paid were calculated by multiplying the
number of workweeks in the year by the scheduled
weekly hours. Estimated hours for vacations, holidays,
disability, and personal time off were subtracted from
average annual hours paid to obtain an estimate of
average annual hours worked. Vacation and holiday
trends were based on studies by the U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services and on data from b l s
surveys. Personal time off was estimated as a constant
on the basis of data obtained from various sources.
Since 1968, the estimates of average annual hours paid
and average annual hours worked have been based on
data collected in the b l s survey, Employee Compensa
tion in the Private Nonfarm Economy.
For six service industries—retail food stores; gasoline
service stations; eating and drinking places; drug stores
and proprietary stores; hotels, motels, and tourist
courts; and laundry and cleaning services—measures of
the hours of partners, proprietors, and supervisory
workers were developed. Except for hotels, motels, and
tourist courts, estimates were also made for the hours of
unpaid family workers. Average weekly hours worked
for partners, proprietors, and unpaid family workers
were obtained from unpublished data collected in the
Current Population Survey. Average weekly hours
worked by supervisory employees were obtained from
the 1960 and 1970 censuses of population. Estimates for
intercensal years were derived using extrapolation and
linear interpolation techniques.
All employee hour estimates for the manufacturing
industries are derived by summing the aggregate hours
for production workers and the estimated hours for
nonproduction workers. Hours of all persons are
derived by summing the aggregate hours for paid
employees, partners, proprietors, and unpaid family
workers.
Manufacturing indexes involving nonproduction
worker hours are subject to a wider margin of error than
are the indexes involving only production worker hours
because it is necessary to estimate the average hours of
nonproduction workers. In general, any errors in these
estimates, however, would have a relatively insignificant
effect on the trend in the hours for all employees.
The output indexes and employee hour components
of the industry productivity indexes are based on data
from a number of different sources which are identified
in the accompanying tables. For most of the industries,
the 1979 output indexes are based on the data sources
that are regularly used. However, for some industries,
the normal data sources are not yet available, and other
information, such as the Federal Reserve Board output
indexes, the Current Industrial Reports of the Bureau of
the Census, and trade association data, were used. For
those industries using the Bureau of the Census as the
primary source of employment and employee hours, the
1979 indexes were developed by linking employment
and employee hour data from b l s , since 1979 Census
Bureau data are not yet available. Therefore, all 1979
output per employee hour measures are considered
preliminary and are subject to revision.
The indexes refer to the standard reference base
1967 = 100 and, beginning in 1972, conform to the 1972
Standard Industrial Classification (sic) definitions.
The average annual rates of change published in this
bulletin are based on the linear least squares trends of
the logarithms of the index numbers. Average annual
rates of change for any time periods shown in this report
are available on request.
More detailed information on the methods, limita
tions, and data sources is contained in the BLS Hand
book o f Methods, Bulletin 1910 (1976), chapter 31, and
in a number of individual industry reports. Industry
reports as well as additional information are available
on request. The Handbook is for sale by the Super
intendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402, or
at the BLS regional offices listed on the inside back cover
of this bulletin.
8
Charts and Tables
Indexes of output per employee hour and related data
SIC code
Chart
Industry
Page
Table
Page
M in in g
1011
1011
1021
1021
1 1 1 , 121
121
14
142
Iron mining, crude o r e ....................................
Iron mining, usable ore....................................
Copper mining, crude ore................................
Copper mining, recoverable m e ta l.................
Coal m ining.....................................................
Bituminous coal and lignite mining.................
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.................
Crushed and broken sto n e..............................
2
12
2, 3
3
14
4, 5
15
4
16
6, 7
17
13
5
18
8, 9
19
6
20
10, 11
21
7
22
1 2 , 13
23
8
24
14, 15
25
9
26
16, 17
27
29
M a n u fa c tu r in g
2026
203
2033
204
2041
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047, 48
205
2 0 6 1 , 6 2 , 63
206 1 , 62
2063
2065
2082
2086
2 1 1 1 , 2 1 , 31
2 1 1 1 , 2131
2121
2 2 51, 52
2421
2435, 2436
251
2511, 2517
2512
2514
2515
Fluid milk.........................................................
Preserved fruits and vegetables.......................
Canned fruits and vegetables...........................
Grain mill products.........................................
Flour and other grain mill p ro d u cts...............
Cereal breakfast fo o d s....................................
Rice m illing.....................................................
Blended and prepared flo u r.............................
Wet corn m illing..............................................
Prepared feeds for animals and fowls.............
Bakery products ..............................................
Sugar.................................................................
Raw and refined cane sugar............................
Beet sugar.........................................................
Candy and other confectionery products........
Malt beverages..................................................
Bottled and canned soft d rin k s.......................
All tobacco products........................................
Cigarettes, chewing and smoking tobacco___
Cigars...............................................................
Hosiery.............................................................
Sawmills and planing mills, general...............
Veneer and plywood........................................
Household furniture........................................
Wood household furniture..............................
Upholstered household fu rn itu re...................
Metal household furniture..............................
Mattresses and bedsprings...............................
9
10
28
18
11
30
19, 2 0
31
12
32
2 1 , 22
33
13
34
23 , 24
35
14
36
25, 26
37
15
38
2 7 , 28
39
16
40
29 , 30
41
17
42
3 1 , 32
43
18
44
3 3 , 34
45
19
46
35, 36
47
20
48
3 7 , 38
49
21
50
39, 40
51
53
22
52
41, 42
23
54
43, 44
55
24
56
45, 46
57
25
58
4 7 , 48
59
26
60
49, 50
61
27
62
5 1 , 52
63
28
64
53, 54
65
29
66
55, 56
67
69
30
68
5 7 , 58
31
70
59, 60
71
32
72
61, 62
73
33
74
63, 64
75
34
76
6 5 , 66
77
35
78
6 7 , 68
79
36
80
69, 70
81
37
82
7 1 , 72
83
Indexes of output per employee hour and related data— Continued
SIC code
Industry
2611, 21, 31, 61
2643
Paper, paperboard, and pulp m ills.....................
Paper and plastic bags ........................................
2651
2653
2823, 24
2834
2841
2851
2911
3011
314
3221
Chart
Page
Table
Page
38
39
84
86
73, 74
75, 76
85
87
Folding paperboard boxes..................................
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes.........................
Synthetic fib ers...................................................
Pharmaceutical preparations..............................
Soaps and detergents............................................
Paints and allied products..................................
Petroleum refining..............................................
Tires and inner tubes............................................
Footw ear.............................................................
Glass containers...................................................
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
77,
79,
81,
83,
85,
87,
89,
91,
93,
95,
3241
325
3251, 53, 59
3251
3253
3255
3271, 72
3273
331
3321
Hydraulic cem ent................................................
Structural clay products......................................
Clay construction products................................
Brick and structural clay tile ..............................
Ceramic wall and floor tile..................................
Clay refractories..................................................
Concrete products................................................
Ready-mixed concrete..........................................
Steel .....................................................................
Gray iron foundries..............................................
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
108
110
112
114
116
118
120
122
124
126
97,
99,
101,
103,
105,
107,
109,
98
100
102
104
106
108
110
111
112, 113
114, 115
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
3324, 25
3331, 32, 33
3331
3334
3351
3353, 54, 55
3411
3441
3531
3562
Steel foundries.....................................................
Primary copper, lead, and z in c ...........................
Primary copper...................................................
Primary alum inum .............................................
Copper rolling and drawing................................
A l u m i n u m r o l l i n g a n d d r a w i n g ...........................
Metal cans ...........................................................
Fabricated structural m e ta l................................
Construction machinery and equipment.............
Ball and roller bearings........................................
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
128
130
132
134
136
138
140
142
144
146
116,
118,
120,
122,
124,
126,
128,
130,
132,
134,
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
135
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
3621
3631, 32, 33, 39
3631
3632
3633
3639
3641
3645, 46, 47, 48
3651
371
Motors and generators........................................
Major household appliances..............................
Household cooking equipm ent...........................
Household refrigerators and freezers.................
Household laundry equipment ...........................
Household appliances, not elsewhere classified..
Electric lamps .....................................................
Lighting fixtures.................................................
Radio and television receiving sets .....................
Motor vehicles and equipment............................
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
148
150
152
154
156
158
160
162
164
166
136,
138,
140,
142,
144,
146,
148,
150,
152,
154,
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
151
153
155
149
151
153
155
157
159
161
163
165
167
80
81
82
83
168
170
172
174
156, 157
158, 159
160
161
169
171
173
175
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
Other
401
401
4111,4131, 414 pts
4213 part
Railroad transportation, revenue tra ffic ...........
Railroad transportation, car miles .....................
Bus carriers, class I ..............................................
Intercity trucking..................................................
10
Indexes of output per employee hour and related data— Continued
SIC code
Industry
Chart
Page
Table
Page
4213 part
4511
4612, 13
4811
491, 492, 493
491, 493 part
492, 493 part
Intercity trucking, general freight...........
Air transportation....................................
Petroleum pipelines...................................
Telephone communications.....................
Gas and electric utilities...........................
Electric utilities........................................
Gas utilities ..............................................
..........
..........
.........
.........
.........
.........
.........
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
176
178
180
182
184
186
188
162
163
164, 165
166
167, 168
169
170
177
179
181
183
185
187
189
54
5511
5541
58
5912
7011
721
Retail food stores .................................... .........
Franchised new car dealers........................ .........
Gasoline service stations............................ .........
Eating and drinking places........................ .........
Drug and proprietary stores................................
Hotels, motels and tourist courts............... .........
Laundry and cleaning services............................
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
190
192
194
196
198
200
202
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
191
193
195
197
199
201
203
11
Chart 2. Iron mining, crude ore (SIC 1011): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
R atio s c a le
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
S ource — Bureau o f Labor S ta t is t ic s , U.S. D e p a rtm e n t o f Labor
12
Table 2. Iron mining, crude ore (SIC 1011): Indexes of output per hour of production workers and ouput
per employee, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour of
production workers 1
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 ............................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
41.0
52.9
55.5
56.2
55.1
57.1
64.9
75.2
81.0
90.0
97.6
94.5
95.8
100.0
109.6
116.9
115.6
114.1
124.4
130.6
124.0
129.7
130.6
126.0
135.1
147.0
39.6
53.6
53.9
53.3
45.4
48.7
61.3
66.9
74.9
83.5
94.3
93.3
96.6
100.0
108.2
113.7
113.8
108.8
119.2
129.7
127.7
127.9
128.1
114.6
135.2
145.6
38.3
52.5
54.2
54.2
48.4
52.3
62.6
70.3
78.1
84.7
94.3
92.6
96.2
100.0
109.1
115.7
116.2
110.8
122.2
131.3
128.1
130.4
130.6
125.3
138.2
150.1
46.0
58.0
52.8
50.2
36.6
38.2
56.3
56.2
64.4
78.4
94.3
96.1
97.8
100.0
104.9
106.8
105.4
101.8
108.6
123.8
125.7
118.8
119.0
85.8
124.4
130.4
4.8
2.7
4.4
2.1
4.8
2.7
2.6
(')
1 The output measures underlying the output per hour of production
workers and output per employee indexes relate to the total production
of the industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single
group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
3 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures
in this table may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U S.
Department of the Interior; and the Bureau of the Census.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 3. Iron mining, crude ore (SIC 1011): Indexes of output, hours of production workers, and employees, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79............................
Employees
Hours of
production workers
All employees
Production workers
60.0
78.2
80.4
88.5
60.5
56.6
85.7
75.8
79.8
85.3
96.4
98.2
100.0
100.0
107.2
113.7
116.9
108.4
103.9
121.1
120.3
118.8
124.1
87.7
129.8
141.7
146.5
147.7
144.9
157.4
109.8
99.1
132.1
100.8
98.5
94.8
98.8
103.9
104.4
100.0
97.8
97.3
101.1
95.0
83.5
92.7
97.0
91.6
95.0
69.6
96.1
96.4
151.4
146.0
149.2
165.9
133.2
116.3
139.9
113.3
106.6
102.2
102.2
105.3
103.5
100.0
99.1
100.0
102.7
99.6
87.2
93.4
94.2
92.9
96.9
76.5
96.0
97.3
156.7
148.9
148.4
163.4
125.0
108.3
136.8
107.8
102.2
100.7
102.2
106.1
103.9
100.0
98.3
98.3
100.6
97.8
85.0
92.2
93.9
91.1
95.0
70.0
93.9
94.4
130.5
134.9
152.2
176.2
165.3
148.0
152.2
134.9
124.0
108.8
102.2
102.2
102.2
100.0
102.2
106.5
110.9
. 106.5
95.7
97.8
95.7
100.0
104.3
102 2
104.3
108.7
2.2
2.1
-2.5
-.6
-2.1
.1
-2.4
-.5
-.3
2.1
Output
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from
the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because or periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
Nonproduction workers
13
Chart 3. Iron mining, usable ore (SIC 1011): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
R atio s c a le
150
HO
H 130
120
110
100
90
H 80
70
- 1 60
150
HO
130
120
110
100
90
H
80
70
-* 60
150
HO
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
S ource — Bureau o f Labor S ta t is t ic s , U.S. D ep a rtm e n t o f Labor
14
Table 4. Iron mining, usable ore (SIC 1011): Indexes of output per hour of production workers and
ouput per employee, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output per employee '
Output per hour of
production workers 1
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
48.3
63.4
63.4
64.0
60.1
59.9
66.8
71.6
75.5
82.9
91.8
92.2
97.5
100.0
108.6
113.3
112.3
109.6
118.8
123.6
114.2
118.6
116.8
110.5
121.4
129.9
46.7
64.2
61.5
60.8
49.5
51.1
63.1
63.7
69.8
76.9
88.7
91.0
98.4
100.0
107.2
110.2
110.5
104.5
113.8
122.7
117.6
116.9
114.6
100.5
121.6
128.7
45.1
62.9
61.9
61.7
52.8
54.8
64.5
67.0
72.8
78.1
88.7
90.3
98.0
100.0
108.0
112.1
112.8
106.4
116.7
124.3
118.0
119.2
116.8
109.9
124.3
132.6
54.2
69.5
60.3
57.2
39.9
40.1
58.0
53.5
60.0
72.2
88.7
93.7
99.6
100.0
103.9
103.5
102.3
97.7
103.7
117.2
115.8
108.6
106.4
75.2
111.9
115.2
3.6
1.9
3.2
1.3
3.5
1.9
1.4
-.8
The output measures underlying the output per hour of production
workers and output per employee indexes relate to the total production
of the industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single
group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures
in this table may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S.
Department of the Interior; and the Bureau of the Census.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 5. Iron mining, usable ore (SIC 1011): Indexes of output, hours of production workers, and employees, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 ................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 ................................
1979 ’ ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Employees
Hours of
production workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
70.7
93.7
91.8
100.8
66.0
59.4
88.3
72.2
74.4
78.6
90.7
95.8
101.8
100.0
106.2
110.2
113.5
104.1
99.2
114.6
110.8
108.6
111.0
76.9
116.7
125.2
146.5
147.7
144.9
157.4
109.8
99.1
132.1
100.8
98.5
94.8
98.8
103.9
104.4
100.0
97.8
97.3
101.1
95.0
83.5
92.7
97.0
91.6
95.0
69.6
96.1
96.4
151.4
146.0
149.2
165.9
133.2
116.3
139.9
113.3
106.6
102.2
102.2
105.3
103.5
100.0
99.1
100.0
102.7
99.6
87.2
93.4
94.2
92.9
96.9
76.5
96.0
97.3
156.7
148.9
148.4
163.4
125.0
108.3
136.8
107.8
102.2
100.7
102.2
106.1
103.9
100.0
98.3
98.3
100.6
97.8
85.0
92.2
93.9
91.1
95.0
70.0
93.9
94.4
130.5
134.9
152.2
176.2
165.3
148.0
152.2
134.9
124.0
108.8
102.2
102.2
102.2
100.0
102.2
106.5
110.9
106.5
95.7
97.8
95.7
100.0
104.3
102.2
104.3
108.7
1.0
1.3
-2.5
-.6
-2.1
.1
-2.4
-.5
Output
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
-.3
2.1
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from
the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
15
Chart 4. Copper mining, crude ore (SIC 1021): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
R atio s c a le
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
—1 80
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
-*
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
S ource — Bureau o f Labor S ta t is t ic s , U.S. D e p a rtm e n t o f Labor
16
80
Table 6. Copper mining, crude ore (SIC 1021): Indexes of output per hour of production workers and
ouput per employee, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour of
production workers '
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 ...
1968 ...
1969 ...
1970 ...
1971 ...
1972 ...
1973 ...
1974 ...
1975 ....
1976 ...
1977 ...
1978 ....
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
49.9
56.4
57.5
63.1
69.8
71.5
73.3
75.2
82.3
82.0
93.5
96.2
101.9
100.0
106.5
109.0
115.3
119.8
118.1
118.6
114.7
122.2
140.5
145.4
158.6
148.6
56.5
65.6
66.7
67.8
70.0
75.6
82.2
86.0
93.1
94.5
105.3
109.3
114.1
100.0
117.7
125.8
128.9
126.3
123.7
124.9
116.6
116.9
134.2
134.3
152.5
153.5
53.8
62.7
63.0
64.8
68.1
75.2
80.2
80.5
86.1
86.2
96.6
99.4
104.3
100.0
117.3
119.1
123.1
125.3
119.3
119.8
112.9
116.8
134.7
135.3
153.2
152.5
64.7
75.5
80.0
77.7
76.0
76.8
88.7
106.7
120.5
129.6
140.5
151.2
154.7
100.0
118.8
148.7
148.6
129.3
138.1
141.9
128.0
117.1
133.0
131.5
150.5
156.5
4.4
6.2
3.6
6.4
3.9
6.9
2.5
5.1
The output measures underlying the output per hour of production
workers and output per employee indexes relate to the total production
of the industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single
group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures
in this table may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S.
Department of the Interior; and the Bureau of the Census.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 7. Copper mining, crude ore (SIC 1021): Indexes of output, hours of production workers, and employees, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output '
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
71.4
85.9
100.7
99.2
87.8
79.4
103.9
110.3
116.4
113.9
121.1
135.6
146.7
100.0
133.2
174.3
199.8
187.2
204.8
222.6
225.2
201.8
217.8
199.5
202.4
224.0
143.0
152.3
175.2
157.1
125.7
111.0
141.7
146.6
141.5
138.9
129.5
141.0
144.0
100.0
125.1
159.9
173.3
156.3
173.4
187.7
196.3
165.2
155.0
137.2
127.6
150.7
126.4
130.9
150.9
146.4
125.5
105.0
126.4
128.2
125.0
120.5
115.0
124.1
128.6
100.0
113.2
138.6
155.0
148.2
165.5
178.2
193.2
172.7
162.3
148.6
132.7
145.9
132.7
137.0
159.9
153.1
129.0
105.6
129.6
137.0
135.2
132.1
125.3
136.4
140.7
100.0
113.6
146.3
162.3
149.4
171.6
185.8
199.4
172.8
161.7
147.5
132.1
146.9
110.3
113.8
125.9
127.6
115.5
103.4
117.2
103.4
96.6
87.9
86.2
89.7
94.8
100.0
112.1
117.2
134.5
144.8
148.3
156.9
175.9
172.4
163.8
151.7
134.5
143.1
4.5
-.3
.1
-6.1
.9
-6.3
.6
-6.7
2.0
-5.2
Represents output in terms of copper ore sold or treated.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
Employees
Hours of
production workers
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from
the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
17
Chart 5. Copper mining, recoverable metal (SIC 1021): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
R atio seal a
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
- 1 80
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
S ource — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. D e p a rtm e n t o f Labor
18
Table 8. Copper mining, recoverable metal (SIC 1021): Indexes of output per hour of production workers
and ouput per employee, 1954-79
(1967= 100)
Output per employee
Output per hour of
production workers '
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
60.5
68.2
65.6
71.8
81.1
77.2
79.4
82.9
90.4
90.9
100.3
100.1
103.8
100.0
101.3
102.0
105.2
103.6
102.5
97.8
86.9
91.3
110.6
117.1
125.2
112.7
68.4
79.3
76.1
77.0
81.3
81.6
89.0
94.8
102.3
104.8
113.0
113.8
116.3
100.0
111.9
117.7
117.6
109.3
107.4
103.0
88.3
87.4
105.7
108.1
120.4
116.4
65.2
75.8
71.9
73.7
79.1
81.2
86.8
88.7
94.6
95.6
103.7
103.5
106.3
100.0
111.5
111.5
112.3
108.4
103.6
98.8
85.5
87.3
106.1
108.9
121.0
115.7
78.4
91.2
91.3
88.4
88.3
82.9
96.0
117.5
132.4
143.7
150.7
157.4
157.7
100.0
113.0
139.2
135.5
111.9
119.9
117.0
96.9
87.5
104.7
105.9
118.8
118.7
2.4
6.8
1.6
7.0
1.9
7.4
.6
5.7
The output measures underlying the output per hour of production
workers and output per employee indexes relate to the total production
of the industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single
group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures
in this table may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S.
Department of the Interior; and the Bureau of the Census.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 9. Copper mining, recoverable metal (SIC 1021): Indexes of output, hours of production workers, and employees,
1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
,1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79............................
Employees
Hours of
production workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
86.5
103.8
114.9
112.8
102.0
85.7
112.5
121.5
127.9
126.3
129.9
141.2
149.5
100.0
126.7
163.1
182.3
162.0
177.8
183.5
170.5
150.9
171.5
160.6
159.8
169.9
143.0
152.3
175.2
157.1
125.7
111.0
141.7
146.6
141.5
138.9
129.5
141.0
144.0
100.0
125.1
159.9
173.3
156.3
173.4
187.7
196.3
165.2
155.0
137.2
127.6
150.7
126.4
130.9
150.9
146.4
125.5
105.0
126.4
128.2
125.0
120.5
115.0
124.1
128.6
100.0
113.2
138.6
155.0
148.2
165.5
178.2
193.2
172.7
162.3
148.6
132.7
145.9
132.7
137.0
159.9
153.1
129.0
105.6
129.6
137.0
135.2
132.1
125.3
136.4
140.7
100.0
113.6
146.3
162.3
149.4
171.6
185.8
199.4
172.8
161.7
147.5
132.1
146.9
110.3
113.8
125.9
127.6
115.5
103.4
117.2
103.4
96.6
87.9
86.2
89.7
94.8
100.0
112.1
117.2
134.5
144.8
148.3
156.9
175.9
172.4
163.8
151.7
134.5
143.1
2.5
.3
.1
-6.1
.9
-6.3
.6
-6.7
Output 1
' Represents output in terms of copper recovered from copper ore, old tailings,
and precipitates.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
j
2.0
-5.2
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE. Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from
the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
19
Chart 6. Coal mining (SIC 111,121): Output per hour and related data, 1967*79
Ratio scale
- i 200
180
— 160
— 140
120
H 100
80
J
60
200
180
160
140
120
100
-
80
-
60
200
180
160
140
120
-
-
80
-
60
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source -
Bureau of Labor S tatistics, U.S. Deportment of Labor
20
100
Table 10. Coal mining (SIC 111, 121): Indexes of output per hour of production workers and output per
employee, 1954-79
(1967 = 100 )
Output per employee 1
Output per hour of
production workers '
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 ...
1961 ...
1962 ...
1963 ...
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 L’ ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
47.7
51.2
54.1
54.8
61.2
62.7
66.8
74.0
79.2
83.1
87.8
93.1
98.0
100.0
103.8
103.1
98.1
91.6
84.2
85.8
84.1
72.7
71.4
69.5
76.1
68.8
40.7
50.1
52.6
50.8
50.8
55.2
58.6
65.2
72.0
79.2
84.5
91.4
97.6
100.0
101.3
99.6
97.7
87.4
83.3
82.3
75.7
68.5
67.7
68.7
70.8
65.5
39.3
48.3
50.9
49.7
51.0
55.7
59.2
65.7
71.9
78.4
83.6
91.0
97.6
100.0
102.6
101.0
98.5
91.4
85.4
84.9
78.3
71.1
70.6
71.6
76.5
69.9
55.5
68.4
68.2
60.9
49.7
52.0
54.9
62.3
73.4
86.2
91.3
94.7
97.9
100.0
93.7
90.7
92.2
67.2
71.6
67.9
61.4
54.5
52.5
53.4
46.9
45.6
3.2
-2.5
3.3
-1.7
3.7
-.9
.1
-5.3
The output measures underlying the output per hour of production
workers and output per employee indexes relate to the total production
of the industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single
group of employees.
: Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures
in this table may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Energy Information
Administration, U.S. Department of Energy; the Bureau of the Census;
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on
data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
Table 11. Coal mining (SIC 111, 121): Indexes of output, hours of production workers, and employees, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 ................................
1968 ................................
1969 ................................
1970 ................................
1971 ................................
1972 ................................
1973 ................................
1974 .
1975 .
1976 .
1977 ................................
1978 ................................
1979 ' ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Employees
Hours of
production workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
79.4
91.6
99.7
97.1
81.3
81.2
80.8
77.8
80.9
87.8
91.8
94.7
97.3
100.0
97.6
99.0
105.0
95.3
101.1
100.4
102.3
109.6
114.6
116.5
111.8
129.6
166.6
178.9
184.4
177.3
132.9
129.6
120.9
105.1
102.2
105.6
104.5
101.7
99.3
100.0
94.0
96.0
107.0
104.0
120.0
117.0
121.6
150.8
160.6
167.7
147.0
188.3
195.0
182.7
189.7
191.0
160.1
147.2
138.0
119.4
112.3
110.8
108.7
103.6
99.7
100.0
96.3
99.4
107.5
109.0
121.3
122.0
135.2
160.0
169.4
169.5
157.8
197.8
202.2
189.6
195.8
195.5
159.4
145.9
136.6
118.5
112.5
112.0
109.8
104.1
99.7
100.0
95.1
98.0
106.6
104.3
118.4
118.2
130.7
154.1
162.4
162.6
146.2
185.4
143.0
133.9
146.1
159.4
163.7
156.3
147.2
124.8
110.2
101.8
100.6
100.0
99.4
100.0
104.2
109.1
113.9
141.8
141.2
147.9
166.7
201.2
218.2
218.2
238.2
284.2
■3
3.7
-2.8
6.3
-2.9
5.5
-3.3
4.7
.2
9.5
Output
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Energy Information Administration, U.S.
Department of Energy; the Bureau of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau
of Labor Statistics.
21
Chart 7. Bituminous coal and lignite mining (SIC 121): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio scale
200
180
—I 160
140
120
-
100
80
- 1 60
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
—1 60
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
22
Table 12. Bituminous coal and lignite mining (SIC 121): Indexes of output per hour of production workers
and output per employee, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977
1978
1979
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output per employee ’
Output per hour of
production workers 1
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
46.4
50.3
52.4
53.9
60.2
61.6
66.2
73.8
78.5
82.3
87.9
93.5
98.4
100.0
103.6
103.1
98.3
92.0
83.9
85.9
83.9
72.1
70.8
69.0
75.8
68.2
40.4
50.1
51.6
50.6
50.1
54.4
58.0
64.3
70.8
78.2
84.4
92.0
97.9
100.0
101.1
99.6
97.7
87.4
82.8
81.8
74.9
67.7
66.9
68.0
70.3
64.7
38.7
48.1
50.0
49.5
50.4
55.0
58.6
64.9
70.7
77.2
83.4
91.6
98.1
100.0
102.5
101.2
98.6
91.5
84.8
84.4
77.6
70.3
69.8
71.1
76.0
69.1
57.6
69.8
66.9
59.2
48.5
50.3
54.1
60.7
71.0
85.1
91.4
95.1
96.9
100.0
92.4
89.8
92.0
66.9
70.8
67.1
60.0
53.6
51.8
52.3
46.2
44.6
3.3
-2.6
3.3
-1.7
3.8
-.9
.1
-5.4
in this table may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Energy Information
Administration, U.S. Department of Energy; and the Bureau of the
Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of
the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per hour of production
workers and output per employee indexes relate to the total production
of the industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single
group of employees.
Preliminary.
NOTE. Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures
Table 13. Bituminous coal and lignite mining (SIC 121): Indexes of output, hours of production workers, and employees,
1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976
1977
1978
1979
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Employees
Hours of
production workers
All employees
71.0
84.7
91.6
90.5
75.7
75.9
76.4
74.0
77.5
84.1
89.0
93.3
96.9
100.0
97.8
99.7
106.3
96.6
103.2
102.6
104.6
112.4
117.6
119.8
115.3
133.4
153.1
168.3
174.8
168.0
125.7
123.2
115.4
100.3
98.7
102.2
101.3
99.8
98.5
100.0
94.4
96.7
108.1
105.0
123.0
119.5
124.7
156.0
166.2
173.5
152.1
195.6
.9
3.8
-2.2
6.5
Output
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
!
i
Production workers
.
Nonproduction workers
175.9
169.2
177.5
179.0
151.0
139.6
131.8
115.0
109.4
107.6
105.5
101.4
99.0
100.0
96.7
100.1
108.8
110.5
124.7
125.4
139.7
166.1
175.7
176.1
163.9
206.3
183.5
176.0
183.2
182.7
150.2
138.0
130.3
114.0
109.6
108.9
106.7
101.9
98.8
100.0
95.4
98.5
107.8
105.6
121.7
121.5
134.8
159.9
168.4
168.6
151.7
193.0
123.3
121.4
136.9
153.0
156.2
151.0
141.3
122.0
109.1
98.8
97.4
98.1
100.0
100.0
105.8
111.0
115.5
144.5
145.8
152.9
174.2
209.7
227.1
229.0
249.7
299.4
-2.3
5.6
-2.7
4.8
|
.8
9.7
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Energy Information Administration, U.S.
Department of Energy; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based
on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
23
Chart 8. Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels (SIC 14): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
R atio s c a le
- i 150
HO
130
—
120
- no
—
100
90
- 1 80
150
140
130
120
110
100
H
90
80
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
24
Table 14. Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels (SIC 14): Indexes of output per hour of production workers
and output per employee, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972 .................................
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output per employee '
Output per hour of
production workers '
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
58.4
62.8
65.5
70.5
73.0
74.4
74.7
78.1
81,9
85.7
91.1
93.7
98.9
100.0
108.9
112.1
116.0
116.7
121.7
128.5
123.3
120.7
126.4
130.4
136.6
131.5
63.5
68.0
70.0
72.2
72.4
75.9
74.5
77.9
82.5
86.5
92.5
96.3
101.4
100.0
108.6
113.9
115.7
115.9
120.2
128.8
122.1
113.9
121.0
126.4
133.3
129.0
58.9
63.5
65.9
69.2
70.4
73.5
72.6
76.0
80.3
84.5
90.8
94.5
100.1
100.0
108.5
113.4
115.5
116.7
121.4
130.4
123.9
117.3
124.6
129.8
136.6
132.1
91.4
94.0
92.1
87.3
81.2
86.7
83.1
85.7
92.0
94.8
99.0
103.9
106.1
100.0
108.9
115.5
116.7
112.7
115.3
122.7
115.8
102.7
108.7
114.9
122.6
118.4
3.4
2.1
3.1
2.3
3.5
2.4
1.5
2.0
The output measures underlying the output per hour of production
workers and output per employee indexes relate to the total production
of the industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single
group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures
in this table may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S.
Department of the Interior, and the Bureau of the Census.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 15. Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels (SIC 14): Indexes of output, hours of production workers, and employees,
1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 ...
1958 ...
1959 ...
1960 ...
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-79............................
1974-79............................
Employees
Hours of
production workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
60.3
65.8
71.2
72.1
71.7
78.6
79.0
80.5
84.2
87.5
92.2
98.0
103.6
100.0
105.0
108.5
109.6
109.5
114.4
125.2
121.9
109.0
113.6
120.1
129.6
129.9
103.3
104.8
108.7
102.2
98.2
105.7
105.7
103.1
102.8
102.1
101.2
104.6
104.7
100.0
96.4
96.8
94.5
93.8
94.0
97.4
98.9
90.3
89.9
92.1
94.9
98.8
94.9
96.7
101.7
99.8
99.1
103.6
106.0
103.4
102.1
101.2
99.7
101.8
102.2
100.0
96.7
95.3
94.7
94.5
95.2
97.2
99.8
95.7
93.9
95.0
97.2
100.7
102.4
103.6
108.0
104.2
101.9
106.9
108.8
105.9
104.8
103.6
101.5
103.7
103.5
100.0
96.8
95.7
94.9
93.8
94.2
96.0
98.4
92.9
91.2
92.5
94.9
98.3
66.0
70.0
77.3
82.6
88.3
90.7
95.1
93.9
91.5
92.3
93.1
94.3
97.6
100.0
96.4
93.9
93.9
97.2
99.2
102.0
105.3
106.1
104.5
104.5
105.7
109.7
2.9
2.6
-.5
.5
-.2
.3
-.6
.2
1.4
.6
Output
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from
the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
25
Chart 9. Crushed and broken stone (SIC 142): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
H
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Deportment of Labor
26
Table 16. Crushed and broken stone (SIC 142): Indexes of output per hour of production workers and
output per employee, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 ? ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output per employee '
Output per hour of
production workers 1
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
73.9
75.9
76.7
78.2
81.4
84.7
91.5
94.4
99.8
100.0
110.7
114.6
119.9
120.3
128.2
141.6
138.6
139.6
140.2
148.0
161.7
150.1
71.8
75.5
74.1
76.4
80.9
84.2
90.5
96.7
101.8
100.0
110.3
116.4
117.3
117.4
124.5
140.5
135.8
128.0
132.2
141.2
157.7
148.6
71.0
74.9
73.6
75.8
79.8
83.7
90.2
95.8
101.0
100.0
110.5
116.5
119.7
121.3
127.6
144.3
140.6
133.9
137.0
145.0
161.0
151.1
75.9
79.2
76.7
79.5
86.4
87.0
92.5
102.2
105.6
100.0
109.8
116.2
106.6
101.2
110.9
124.0
116.4
105.3
113.1
125.1
143.4
137.2
4.0
2.6
3.8
3.3
4.1
2.8
2.7
5.4
in this table may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S.
Department of the Interior; and the Bureau of the Census.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per hour of production
workers and output per employee indexes relate to the total production
of the industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single
group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures
Table 17. Crushed and broken stone (SIC 142): Indexes of output, hours of production workers, and employees, 1958-79
(1967=100)
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 ’ ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
69.6
75.9
78.8
77.3
81.6
84.6
89.9
97.9
104.1
100.0
106.7
111.3
112.6
113.9
120.1
137.8
135.8
118.5
117.8
125.1
139.4
137.2
94.2
100.0
102.8
98.9
100.3
99.9
98.3
103.7
104.3
100.0
96.4
97.1
93.9
94.7
93.7
97.3
98.0
84.9
84.0
84.5
86.2
91.4
97.0
100.5
106.3
101.2
100.9
100.5
99.3
101.2
102.3
100.0
96.7
95.6
96.0
97.0
96.5
98.1
100.0
92.6
89.1
88.6
88.4
92.3
98.0
101.4
107.0
102.0
102.2
101.1
99.7
102.2
103.1
100.0
96.6
95.5
94.1
93.9
94.1
95.5
96.6
88.5
86.0
86.3
86.6
90.8
91.7
95.8
102.8
97.2
94.4
97.2
97.2
95.8
98.6
100.0
97.2
95.8
105.6
112.5
108.3
111.1
116.7
112.5
104.2
100.0
97.2
100.0
3.2
1.7
-.7
-.8
-.6
-1.5
-.8
-1.1
.6
-3.5
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
Employees
Hours of
production workers
Output
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from
the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
27
Chart 10. Fluid milk (SIC 2026): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio scale
-
180
160
140
120
100
H
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
1987 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
28
Table 18. Fluid milk (SIC 2026): Indexes of output per employee hour, output per employee, output, employee hours, and
employees, 1958-79
(1967 —100)
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output per
employee hour
Output per
employee
Output
Employee hours
Employees
77.2
79.1
81.0
82.5
86.2
91.3
93.1
94.3
97.0
100.0
105.7
110.6
117.1
126.2
135.4
140.1
143.6
150.3
156.1
156.1
165.8
174.7
77.7
79.9
81.6
83.3
86.4
91.3
93.1
94.3
96.9
100.0
103.5
108.2
114.6
124.2
134.7
139.7
143.2
150.3
155.8
158.5
166.3
174.4
91.5
93.7
95.1
95.5
97.1
100.5
101.9
101.7
100.4
100.0
99.6
99.9
101.1
103.0
104.9
102.0
99.5
100.4
101.3
100.5
100.8
100.6
118.6
118.5
117.4
115.8
112.7
110.1
109.4
107.8
103.5
100.0
94.2
90.3
86.3
81.6
77.5
72.8
69.3
66.8
64.9
64.4
60.8
57.6
117.7
117.3
116.5
114.6
112.4
110.1
109.4
107.8
103.6
100.0
96.2
92.3
88.2
82.9
77.9
73.0
69.5
66.8
65.0
63.4
60.6
57.7
4.2
3.7
4.1
3.8
.3
.2
-3.7
-3.4
-3.6
-3.5
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment
and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
29
Chart 11. Preserved fruits and vegetables (SIC 203): Output per hour and related data, 1967*78
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
- I
150
HO
130
120
110
—
100
-
90
-
80
150
HO
130
120
110
100
90
80
150
HO
130
120
110
100
90
80
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
30
Table 19. Preserved fruits and vegetables (SIC 203): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967=100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour '
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
71.8
73.5
79.2
74.9
74.1
74.2
79.5
81.9
85.8
89.3
92.1
95.4
94.9
100.0
102.5
104.4
108.2
112.6
114.8
125.6
123.0
124.9
132.7
131.9
135.5
71.4
73.2
79.1
78.9
75.1
75.0
80.0
82.1
86.0
90.0
93.3
96.5
96.0
100.0
102.6
104.7
109.9
115.1
117.2
129.3
124.9
127.1
135.8
136.2
139.2
74.4
75.1
79.4
55.3
67.5
69.3
76.4
80.2
84.5
84.1
84.7
88.2
88.3
100.0
101.6
101.9
97.6
98.4
100.4
104.5
110.4
111.2
114.3
107.7
114.2
70.7
70.7
77.6
73.9
73.2
74.5
80.4
81.7
86.7
87.4
91.2
94.7
93.9
100.0
99.4
102.1
105.4
111.1
113.1
123.4
121.3
121.9
127.4
128.9
133.1
69.8
69.8
76.9
77.3
73.7
74.9
80.8
81.8
86.9
87.8
92.2
95.7
94.7
100.0
99.8
102.7
107.1
113.2
115.0
126.4
122.6
123.3
129.0
132.4
136.0
77.4
77.8
82.5
57.4
69.9
71.8
78.2
81.0
84.9
84.3
85.3
88.6
88.3
100.0
96.9
98.4
95.5
98.0
101.5
106.2
112.4
113.1
116.9
109.4
116.0
2.9
2.5
3.0
2.9
2.2
.4
2.9
2.4
3.0
2.8
2.0
.3
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 ................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 ..............................
1962 ..............................
1963
.........................
1964 ................................
1965 .................................
1966 ...............................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 ................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976
.........................
1977 .................................
1978 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
SOURCE: Output based on data from the National Canners Association; U.S.
Department of Agriculture; the Bureau of Labor Statistics; the Bureau of Competitive
Assessment and Business Policy; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and
the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
Table 20. Preserved fruits and vegetables (SIC 203): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ...............................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
.............................
1958
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 ..............................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 ................................
1965 .................................
1966 ..............................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 ..............................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .
1977 .
1978 '
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
59.7
62.4
69.8
66.8
65.9
67.1
74.0
75.9
79.3
82.3
86.3
91.5
93.6
100.0
102.4
106.4
106.7
113.1
119.3
130.6
125.8
122.3
127.5
136.9
143.9
83.1
84.9
88.1
89.2
88.9
90.4
93.1
92.7
92.4
92.2
93.7
95.9
98.6
100.0
99.9
101.9
98.6
100.4
103.9
104.0
102.3
97.9
96.1
103.8
106.2
83.6
85.2
88.2
84.7
87.7
89.5
92.5
92.4
92.2
91.4
92.5
94.8
97.5
100.0
99.8
101.6
97.1
98.3
101.8
101.0
100.7
96.2
93.9
100.5
103.4
80.2
83.1
87.9
120.7
97.7
96.8
96.9
94.6
93.8
97.9
101.9
103.7
106.0
100.0
100.8
104.4
109.3
114.9
118.8
125.0
114.0
110.0
111.5
127.1
126.0
84.4
88.2
90.0
90.4
90.0
90.1
92.0
92.9
91.5
94.2
94.6
96.6
99.7
100.0
103.0
104.2
101.2
101.8
105.5
105.8
103.7
100.3
100.1
106.2
108.1
85.5
89.4
90.8
86.4
89.4
89.6
91.6
92.8
91.3
93.7
93.6
95.6
98.8
100.0
102.6
103.6
99.6
99.9
103.7
103.3
102.6
99.2
98.8
103.4
105.8
77.1
80.2
84.6
116.3
94.3
93.4
94.6
93.7
93.4
97.6
101.2
103.3
106.0
100.0
105.7
108.1
111.7
115.4
117.5
123.0
111.9
108.1
109.1
125.1
124.1
3.7
3.9
.8
1.3
.7
1.0
1.5
3.5
.8
1.4
.6
1.0
1.6
3.6
' Preliminary.
NOTE. Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the National Canners Association; U.S.
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
Department of Agriculture; the Bureau of Labor Statistics; the Bureau of Competitive
Assessment and Business Policy; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration; and the Bureau of the Census.
Employment and hours based on
data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
31
Chart 12. Canned fruits and vegetables (SIC 2033): Output per hour and related data, 1967-78
(1967 = 100)
Ratio scale
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
- t 90
—I 80
—| 70
-J
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
32
60
Table 21. Canned fruits and vegetables (SIC 2033): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour '
Output per employee 1
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 ? ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
74.4
73.3
80.2
80.5
83.0
92.3
94.5
95.3
97.1
100.0
99.7
104.0
106.1
109.4
117.3
130.3
128.1
126.0
138.9
135.2
138.6
75.3
73.3
79.8
79.9
82.2
93.1
96.1
97.0
98.9
100.0
99.5
103.7
107.3
110.6
119.5
132.3
127.2
125.6
140.0
137.6
140.6
67.0
73.3
83.3
85.5
90.5
85.8
82.9
82.6
84.6
100.0
101.2
106.6
97.6
99.5
101.6
115.6
137.3
129.1
130.0
117.9
123.3
72.1
72.3
80.2
79.0
83.6
88.0
91.3
92.1
94.4
100.0
95.5
100.5
101.0
106.4
112.6
125.8
124.4
122.3
128.7
129.5
129.9
72.4
71.9
79.6
78.2
82.7
88.2
92.4
93.4
95.8
100.0
95.4
100.2
101.8
107.3
114.0
126.9
122.7
121.1
128.1
130.7
130.5
69.4
75.9
85.4
86.4
91.0
86.1
83.6
83.0
84.6
100.0
96.6
102.8
95.5
99.2
102.9
117.7
139.8
131.4
133.0
119.6
125.2
3.3
2.3
3.4
3.0
3.0
-3.0
3.1
1.4
3.1
2.0
2.9
-3.1
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
? Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 22. Canned fruits and vegetables (SIC 2033): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
78.1
77.3
83.1
84.1
86.9
90.0
93.3
92.6
95.2
100.0
99.2
101.9
97.2
100.1
101.0
111.3
106.1
102.1
105.7
106.8
107.3
105.0
105.5
103.6
104.5
104.7
97.5
98.7
97.2
98.0
100.0
99.5
98.0
91.6
91.5
86.1
85.4
82.8
81.0
76.1
79.0
77.4
103.7
105.5
104.1
105.3
105.7
96.7
97.1
95.5
96.3
100.0
99.7
98.3
90.6
90.5
84.5
84.1
83.4
81.3
75.5
77.6
76.3
116.6
105.4
99.8
98.4
96.0
104.9
112.6
112.1
112.5
100.0
98.0
95.6
99.6
100.6
99.4
96.3
77.3
79.1
81.3
90.6
87.0
108.3
106.9
103.6
106.5
104.0
102.3
102.2
100.5
100.9
100.0
103.9
101.4
96.2
94.1
89.7
88.5
85.3
83.5
82.1
82.5
82.6
107.8
107.5
104.4
107.6
105.1
102.0
101.0
99.1
99.4
100.0
104.0
101.7
95.5
93.3
88.6
87.7
86.5
84.3
82.5
81.7
82.2
112.5
101.8
97.3
97.3
95.5
104.5
111.6
111.6
112.5
100.0
102.7
99.1
101.8
100.9
98.2
94.6
75.9
77.7
79.5
89.3
85.7
1.6
.7
-1.7
-1.6
-1.7
-2.2
-1.3
3.8
-1.5
-.8
-1.5
-1.3
-1.3
3.9
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
33
Chart 13. Grain mill products (SIC 204): Output per hour and related data, 1967-78
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
180
160
HO
120
—
100
-
80
-
60
180
160
HO
120
100
80
60
180
160
HO
120
100
80
60
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
34
Table 23. Grain mill products (SIC 204): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1963-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 1
2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-78............................
1974-78 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
83.4
88.0
90.3
94.2
100.0
105.4
107.2
109.2
114.1
116.9
116.1
124.4
125.5
131.0
137.5
136.2
83.3
88.2
90.6
95.0
100.0
104.2
106.5
108.3
113.4
115.9
114.1
124.2
124.7
131.5
138.2
137.8
83.5
87.3
89.3
92.0
100.0
108.6
109.3
111.4
116.1
119.2
121.4
124.8
127.6
129.4
135.7
131.8
84.5
89.5
91.8
95.4
100.0
103.9
106.5
107.2
111.6
117.6
120.0
123.5
125.4
130.6
135.1
133.7
85.0
90.1
92.9
96.9
100.0
104.1
106.9
106.6
110.0
116.5
118.4
122.0
123.6
129.9
134.2
133.8
83.5
87.9
89.6
91.9
100.0
103.4
105.3
108.7
115.6
120.3
123.5
126.9
129.8
132.1
137.3
133.4
3.3
2.8
3.3
3.2
3.3
1.7
3.2
2.4
3.0
2.7
3.5
1.6
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census; Agricultural Marketing
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; the Rice Millers’ Association; and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and
the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Table 24. Grain mill products (SIC 204): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1963-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-78 ............................
1974-78............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
85.5
88.4
88.8
92.5
100.0
102.2
106.9
108.4
107.7
117.1
118.4
125.8
127.9
133.7
136.5
138.9
102.5
100.5
98.3
98.2
100.0
97.0
99.7
99.3
94.4
100.2
102.0
101.1
101.9
102.1
99.3
102.0
102.6
100.2
98.0
97.4
100.0
98.1
100.4
100.1
95.0
101.0
103.8
101.3
102.6
101.7
98.8
100.8
102.4
101.3
99.4
100.5
100.0
94.1
97.8
97.3
92.8
98.2
97.5
100.8
100.2
103.3
100.6
105.4
101.2
98.8
96.7
97.0
100.0
98.4
100.4
101.1
96.5
99.6
98.7
101.9
102.0
102.4
101.0
103.9
100.6
98.1
95.6
95.5
100.0
98.2
100.0
101.7
97.9
100.5
100.0
103.1
103.5
102.9
101.7
103.8
102.4
100.6
99.1
100.6
100.0
98.8
101.5
99.7
93.2
97.3
95.9
99.1
98.5
101.2
99.4
104.1
3.4
2.7
.1
-.1
.1
-.5
.1
.9
.3
.3
.4
(2)
1.1
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census; Agricultural
Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; the Rice Millers’ Association; and
the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
(2)
35
Chart 14. Flour and other grain mill products (SIC 2041): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967=100)
Ratio s c a le
- 180
- 160
— HO
-
120
-
100
-
80
— 60
180
160
140
120
100
80
—1 60
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
36
Table 25. Flour and other grain mill products (SIC 2041): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-79
(1967=100)
Output per employee
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
56.9
59.3
62.3
67.7
69.0
66.7
70.0
72.8
74.9
84.2
88.7
91.3
96.9
100.0
105.7
103.3
108.5
110.0
114.3
113.7
119.2
120.8
119.7
140.3
144.7
150.2
56.3
59.1
62.1
67.5
70.0
66.7
70.4
72.1
73.4
82.5
87.5
90.7
95.6
100.0
103.9
102.2
108.1
108.7
112.2
110.9
117.3
121.7
122.8
141.4
143.5
151.3
59.1
60.0
63.5
68.4
66.3
66.7
68.8
75.4
80.6
90.7
92.8
93.7
101.7
100.0
112.2
107.0
109.6
114.1
121.8
123.3
126.0
118.3
110.8
136.8
148.2
146.9
57.5
59.3
62.2
67.4
67.5
67.2
71.6
74.4
77.2
87.3
91.1
92.3
98.0
100.0
105.0
102.2
107.6
109.0
115.8
114.4
116.8
117.6
116.5
137.7
143.1
147.9
56.1
58.3
60.8
66.2
67.0
66.4
72.0
73.7
75.8
85.9
90.1
91.7
96.8
100.0
104.2
101.7
107.7
107.3
113.1
110.5
113.0
116.4
117.8
137.2
140.7
147.3
61.6
62.1
66.0
71.0
68.8
69.1
70.5
76.3
80.9
91.1
93.6
94.1
101.6
100.0
107.1
103.3
107.2
113.7
123.3
125.7
128.5
120.5
113.5
139.0
150.3
149.8
3.8
5.4
4.0
5.6
3.4
4.8
3.7
5.7
3.8
6.0
3.2
4.8
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 26. Flour and other grain mill products (SIC 2041): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
81.2
83.4
84.9
89.1
92.9
93.4
95.1
96.4
96.7
95.4
97.2
93.4
96.0
100.0
101.4
99.7
99.7
95.7
90.9
94.8
99.2
101.5
99.5
104.8
105.5
107.7
142.7
140.7
136.2
131.7
134.7
140.1
135.9
132.4
129.1
113.3
109.6
102.3
99.1
100.0
95.9
96.5
91.9
87.0
79.5
83.4
83.2
84.0
83.1
74.7
72.9
71.7
144.3
141.2
136.8
132.0
132.8
140.1
135.0
133.7
131.8
115.7
111.1
103.0
100.4
100.0
97.6
97.6
92.2
88.0
81.0
85.5
84.6
83.4
81.0
74.1
73.5
71.2
137.5
139.0
133.7
130.2
140.1
140.1
138.3
127.8
120.0
105.2
104.7
99.7
94.4
100.0
90.4
93.2
91.0
83.9
74.6
76.9
78.7
85.8
89.8
76.6
71.2
73.3
141.3
140.6
136.5
132.2
137.6
139.0
132.8
129.6
125.3
109.3
106.7
101.2
98.0
100.0
96.6
97.6
92.7
87.8
78.5
82.9
84.9
86.3
85.4
76.1
73.7
72.8
144.8
143.0
139.6
134.6
138.6
140.6
132.0
130.8
127.6
111.0
107.9
101.9
99.2
100.0
97.3
98.0
92.6
89.2
80.4
85.8
87.8
87.2
84.5
76.4
75.0
73.1
131.9
134.2
128.6
125.5
135.1
135.2
134.8
126.4
119.5
104.7
103.8
99.3
94.5
100.0
94.7
96.5
93.0
84.2
73.7
75.4
77.2
84.2
87.7
75.4
70.2
71.9
.5
1.7
-3.1
-3.6
-3.2
-3.7
-2.7
-3.0
-2.9
-3.8
-3.1
-4.1
-2.5
-3.0
' Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
37
Chart 15. Cereal breakfast foods (SIC 2043): Output per hour and related data, 1967-78
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
— 180
- 160
— HO
-
120
— 100
80
- 1 60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
38
Table 27. Cereal breakfast foods (SIC 2043): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1963-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee '
Year
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 ................................
1967 .................................
1968 ................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
91.5
93.5
95.7
97.2
100.0
104.1
102.6
106.4
106.7
112.8
111.0
105.3
107.7
112.8
112.2
111.8
91.8
92.9
95.2
96.5
100.0
104.1
102.8
106.0
106.8
112.4
108.9
104.0
105.8
111.5
110.0
110.0
90.1
96.6
98.3
100.6
100.0
103.8
101.8
108.3
106.2
114.4
123.5
113.0
118.3
119.8
124.8
122.7
91.5
94.6
95.7
98.8
100.0
105.5
105.2
107.2
108.9
113.7
118.0
109.4
114.6
114.9
116.7
113.2
91.8
93.9
95.2
98.5
100.0
106.9
106.6
107.7
109.4
113.5
116.3
108.4
113.6
113.2
114.8
111.2
89.8
98.6
98.0
100.3
100.0
98.5
99.2
105.5
106.5
114.7
126.7
113.8
119.2
123.6
126.7
124.5
1.3
1.6
1.2
1.5
2.0
2.2
1.6
.9
1.5
.6
2.2
2.4
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Censu~
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 28. Cereal breakfast foods (SIC 2043): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1963-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 ’ ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
85.5
89.2
93.3
95.5
100.0
98.5
99.2
105.5
111.6
120.2
126.7
124.6
130.5
141.3
156.8
154.1
93.4
95.4
97.5
98.3
100.0
94.6
96.7
99.2
104.6
106.6
114.1
118.3
121.2
125.3
139.8
137.8
93.1
96.0
98.0
99.0
100.0
94.6
96.5
99.5
104.5
106.9
116.3
119.8
123.3
126.7
142.6
140.1
94.9
92.3
94.9
94.9
100.0
94.9
97.4
97.4
105.1
105.1
102.6
110.3
110.3
117.9
125.6
125.6
93.4
94.3
97.5
96.7
100.0
93.4
94.3
98.4
102.5
105.7
107.4
113.9
113.9
123.0
134.4
136.1
93.1
95.0
98.0
97.0
100.0
92.1
93.1
98.0
102.0
105.9
108.9
114.9
114.9
124.8
136.6
138.6
95.2
90.5
95.2
95.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
104.8
104.8
100.0
109.5
109.5
114.3
123.8
123.8
4.0
6.3
2.7
4.6
2.8
4.7
2.0
4.0
2.4
5.4
2.5
5.6
1.8
3.8
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
All employees
39
Chart 16. Rice milling (SIC 2044): Output per hour and related data, 1967-78
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
- i 180
- 160
- 140
120
100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
40
Table 29. Rice milling (SIC 2044): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1963-78
(1967=100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
Index:
1963 .................................
........................
1964
1965
...........................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
..........................
1968
1969 ..............................
1970 ..............................
1971 .................................
1972 ................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
........................
1975
1976 ................................
1977 .................................
1978 ?
.....................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-78 ............................
1974-78
.......................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
75.3
85.9
90.3
97.3
100.0
108.2
104.7
100.8
102.2
115.3
100.3
115.2
111.7
109.7
123.8
114.6
75.9
85.6
89.5
98.2
100.0
107.6
103.9
105.6
104.0
117.4
102.5
113.3
108.7
106.2
115.4
117.6
73.1
86.8
93.3
94.1
100.0
110.5
108.1
86.1
96.1
107.7
92.6
123.0
124.8
125.3
170.7
104.8
75.2
86.8
93.3
98.8
100.0
104.6
102.4
99.7
100.6
113.1
99.7
105.1
106.6
100.2
117.8
109.0
77.0
86.8
93.3
100.3
100.0
104.6
102.4
106.3
104.0
114.8
102.2
100.6
102.1
94.4
107.8
111.4
70.0
86.8
93.3
94.1
100.0
104.6
102.4
83.1
91.0
107.7
92.6
122.3
124.1
124.6
168.4
101.8
2.3
.9
2.1
1.4
3.1
-.1
1.7
1.8
1.3
2.6
3.1
-.6
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census; Agricultural Marketing
Service, U S. Department of Agriculture; the Rice Millers’ Association; and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and
the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
; Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Table 30. Rice milling (SIC 2044): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1963-78
(1967=100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
77.0
86.8
93.3
94.1
100.0
104.6
102.4
99.7
91.0
107.7
92.6
110.1
111.7
112.1
134.7
132.3
102.2
101.1
103.3
96.7
100.0
96.7
97.8
98.9
89.0
93.4
92.3
95.6
100.0
102.2
108.8
115.4
101.4
101.4
104.2
95.8
100.0
97.2
98.6
94.4
87.5
91.7
90.3
97.2
102.8
105.6
116.7
112.5
105.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
94.7
94.7
115.8
94.7
100.0
100.0
89.5
89.5
89.5
78.9
126.3
102.4
100.0
100.0
95.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
90.5
95.2
92.9
104.8
104.8
111.9
114.3
121.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
93.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
93.8
87.5
93.8
90.6
109.4
109.4
118.8
125.0
118.8
110.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
120.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
90.0
90.0
90.0
80.0
130 0
2.6
5.7
.3
4.7
.5
4.3
-.5
5.8
.9
3.9
1.3
3.0
-.5
6.4
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; the Rice Millers’ Association; and
the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census; Agricultural
Employees
Nonproduction
workers
41
Chart 17. Blended and prepared flour (SIC 2045): Output per hour and related data, 1967-78
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
- i 180
160
140
120
100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
—| 180
160
140
H 120
100
80
60
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
42
Table 31. Blended and prepared flour (SIC 2045): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1963-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971 .................................
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
81.3
89.2
91.3
93.9
100.0
100.1
102.5
106.9
112.1
103.6
103.5
116.4
104.6
108.0
95.2
87.5
83.5
99.8
96.0
98.7
100.0
98.8
102.1
108.4
111.4
104.0
101.1
115.8
105.0
114.0
100.7
91.2
75.0
67.4
79.7
81.9
100.0
104.4
103.8
102.5
114.3
102.2
111.7
118.7
103.2
93.0
81.5
77.9
82.4
89.8
92.0
93.3
100.0
100.1
103.8
103.9
110.4
107.5
111.9
117.2
107.1
112.6
96.3
89.5
85.3
102.1
97.1
98.0
100.0
100.6
104.7
105.5
108.4
109.3
110.7
115.5
107.3
120.9
102.3
93.8
75.3
67.4
80.3
82.5
100.0
98.8
101.5
99.7
115.9
102.9
115.0
121.9
106.5
94.7
83.0
79.6
.9
-6.4
.8
-5.0
1.2
-10.2
1.1
-6.3
.9
-4.5
1.5
-10.4
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 32. Blended and prepared flour (SIC 2045): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1963-78
(1967
100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1963 .
1964 .
1965 .
1966
1967 .
1968
1969 .
1970 .
1971 .
1972 .
1973 .
1974 .
1975 .
1976 .
1977 . .
1978 '
....................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-78 ..
1974-78 ..
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
79.1
91.0
88 3
90.8
100.0
98.8
106.6
99.7
92.7
113.2
120.8
121.9
117.1
123.1
107.9
107.4
97.3
102.0
96.7
96.7
100.0
98.7
104.0
93.3
82.7
109.3
116.7
104.7
112.0
114.0
113.3
122.7
94.7
91.2
92.0
92.0
100.0
100.0
104.4
92.0
83.2
108.8
119.5
105.3
111.5
108.0
107.1
117.7
105.4
135.1
110.8
110.8
100.0
94.6
102.7
97.3
81.1
110.8
108.1
102.7
113.5
132.4
132.4
137.8
96.0
101.3
96.0
97.3
100.0
98.7
102.7
96.0
84.0
105.3
108.0
104.0
109.3
109.3
112.0
120.0
92.7
89.1
90.9
92.7
100.0
98.2
101.8
94.5
85.5
103.6
109.1
105.5
109.1
101.8
105.5
114.5
105.0
135.0
110.0
110.0
100.0
100.0
105.0
100.0
80.0
110.0
105.0
100.0
110.0
130.0
130.0
135.0
2.3
-3.3
1.4
3.3
1.5
1.8
1.0
7.7
1.2
3.2
1.3
1.3
.8
8.0
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
Employees
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
43
Chart 18. Wet corn milling (SIC 2046): Output per hour and related data, 1967-78
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
220
H 200
180
160
140
120
—I 100
80
60
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
— 60
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
H
80
60
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
44
Table 33. Wet corn milling (SIC 2046): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1963-78
(1967=100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
Index:
1963 .................................
1964
1965
1966
1967 ..................................
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-78............................
1974-78............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
87.0
93.0
92.1
93.5
100.0
107.7
114.0
106.2
106.9
138.9
123.3
150.6
152.7
168.7
198.3
203.3
81.2
87.7
87.8
90.8
100.0
105.5
111.5
105.3
108.2
139.9
122.8
151.6
147.2
162.7
195.0
197.3
106.1
109.8
105.3
101.5
100.0
113.5
121.1
108.6
103.8
136.7
124.6
148.4
168.1
185.8
207.9
220.7
89.3
95.9
96.4
95.2
100.0
105.0
115.4
107.8
104.1
137.3
123.9
150.8
154.9
169.6
195.0
196.3
83.6
90.6
92.9
93.0
100.0
104.0
115.1
108.7
104.6
137.5
122.8
151.0
148.5
162.1
189.3
186.8
105.7
111.0
105.4
101.0
100.0
107.5
115.8
105.6
103.2
137.0
126.3
150.1
171.5
189.5
209.0
221.3
5.7
9.0
5.9
8.4
5.1
10.6
5.4
7.9
5.5
6.9
5.2
10.2
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 34. Wet corn milling (SIC 2046): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1963-78
(1967 = 100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-78............................
1974-78 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
83.6
85.1
88.2
93.9
100.0
105.0
110.4
103.2
96.0
117.8
102.8
118.7
119.7
132.3
150.7
154.5
96.1
91.5
95.8
100.4
100.0
97.5
96.8
97.2
89.8
84.8
83.4
78.8
78.4
78.4
76.0
76.0
103.0
97.0
100.5
103.4
100.0
99.5
99.0
98.0
88.7
84.2
83.7
78.3
81.3
81.3
77.3
78.3
78.8
77.5
83.8
92.5
100.0
92.5
91.2
95.0
92.5
86.2
82.5
80.0
71.2
71.2
72.5
70.0
93.6
88.7
91.5
98.6
100.0
100.0
95.7
95.7
92.2
85.8
83.0
78.7
77.3
78.0
77.3
78.7
100.0
93.9
94.9
101.0
100.0
101.0
95.9
94.9
91.8
85.7
83.7
78.6
80.6
81.6
79.6
82.7
79.1
76.7
83.7
93.0
100.0
97.7
95.3
97.7
93.0
86.0
81.4
79.1
69.8
69.8
72.1
69.8
3.7
7.9
-1.9
-1.0
-2.1
-.5
-1.3
-2.5
-1.6
(2)
-1.7
.9
-1.5
-2.2
Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
Employees
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
45
Chart 19. Prepared feeds for animals and fowls (SIC 2047, 2048): Output per hour and related data 1967-78
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
- i 180
180
140
120
100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
46
Table 35. Prepared feeds for animals and fowls (SIC 2047, 2048): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1963-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per h o u r1
Output per employee 1
Year
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 ............... .................
1972 .................................
1973 ........................ ........
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 ....
1977 ....
1978 2 .
Average annual percent
change:
1963-78............................
1974-78............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
81.7
85.3
88.2
92.4
100.0
105.2
108.8
111.5
119.9
115.9
118.5
127.1
129.5
136.9
140.9
138.7
83.4
86.6
90.3
95.1
100.0
104.0
108.2
109.0
118.2
113.9
116.1
127.8
129.5
137.6
144.6
144.0
78.2
82.6
83.9
87.1
100.0
107.8
110.2
117.1
123.8
120.6
124.1
125.7
129.4
135.1
133.2
128.4
3.7
2.6
3.7
3.5
3.8
.7
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
All employees
81.8
86.3
89.6
93.7
100.0
103.2
106.7
108.0
115.9
117.0
123.3
125.9 129.0
137.1
136.8
135.3
3.6
2.1
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
83.8
88.1
92.8
97.6
100.0
103.4
106.8
104.8
112.3
114.5
121.8
125.0
127.5
136.6
137.8
138.2
78.3
83.3
84.3
87.1
100.0
102.8
106.3
114.4
123.4
122.1
126.2
127.8
131.9
138.1
135.0
130.4
3.4
2.8
3.9
.6
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 36. Prepared feeds for animals and fowls (SIC 2047, 2048): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1963-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977 ......................... .......
1978 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-78............................
1974-78............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
83.8
85.5
86.1
90.3
100.0
102.8
110.9
115.7
118.1
128.0
130.9
140.1
142.5
149.2
145.8
150.6
102.6
100.2
97.6
97.7
100.0
97.7
101.9
103.8
98.5
110.4
110.5
110.2
110.0
109.0
103.5
108.6
100.5
98.7
95.4
95.0
100.0
98.8
102.5
106.1
99.9
112.4
112.7
109.6
110.0
108.4
100.8
104.6
107.2
103.5
102.6
103.7
100.0
95.4
100.6
98.8
95.4
106.1
105.5
111.5
110.1
110.4
109.5
117.3
102.4
99.1
96.1
96.4
100.0
99.6
103.9
107.1
101.9
109.4
106.2
111.3
110.5
108.8
106.6
111.3
100.0
97.1
92.8
92.5
100.0
99.4
103.8
110.4
105.2
111.8
107.5
112.1
111.8
109.2
105.8
109.0
107.0
102.7
102.1
103.7
100.0
100.0
104.3
101.1
95.7
104.8
103.7
109.6
108.0
108.0
108.0
115.5
4.5
1.7
.7
-.9
.8
-1.8
.7
1.0
.9
-.4
1.1
-1.1
.5
1.1
1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
47
Chart 20. Bakery products (SIC 205): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
140
130
120
-
110
-
100
-
90
-
80
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
48
Table 37. Bakery products (SIC 205): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
70.5
71.1
72.5
74.7
77.3
77.2
77.7
79.0
81.1
87.3
90.1
93.5
94.6
100.0
102.0
102.3
105.7
108.1
113.7
113.1
112.9
112.7
112.8
120.1
116.8
118.6
70.0
71.0
73.1
77.3
79.0
79.5
79.8
81.0
84.1
89.3
91.8
95.1
95.6
100.0
101.2
101.9
105.1
109.9
116.0
115.1
119.4
119.6
118.5
126.4
124.5
126.5
71.1
71.3
71.4
70.7
74.6
73.8
74.3
75.7
76.7
84.0
87.4
90.8
92.7
100.0
103.5
103.0
106.7
105.0
109.9
109.7
103.1
102.3
104.3
110.5
105.2
107.3
72.0
72.6
73.3
75.4
78.9
78.8
79.8
80.6
82.7
88.4
93.1
94.3
96.0
100.0
103.3
102.9
106.8
109.8
116.1
115.7
113.2
113.3
114.3
121.5
117.9
119.5
70.7
71.7
72.8
76.6
79.9
80.4
82.3
83.4
86.9
91.1
96.6
96.4
98.1
100.0
102.7
101.6
104.6
109.4
115.3
114.4
115.1
115.6
115.5
123.9
121.5
122.5
74.1
73.9
74.3
73.5
77.4
76.5
76.3
76.6
77.1
84.6
88.1
91.2
92.9
100.0
104.0
104.9
110.0
110.4
117.3
117.9
110.8
110.0
112.6
118.3
112.6
115.3
2.2
1.2
2.6
1.4
1.6
1.0
2.1
1.3
2.4
1.5
1.7
.9
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958
.....................
1959 .................................
I960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962
........................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967
............................
1968 ..............................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 ................................
1976 .............................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79............................
1974-79 .........................
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 38. Bakery products (SIC 205): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
.................................
.............................
...............................
..............................
.................................
.................................
..............................
...............................
.................................
.......... :.....................
.................................
.................................
.............................
.................................
................................
.................................
................................
.................................
1972
.............................
1973 .............................
1974 .................................
1975 ................................
1976 ..............................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79............................
1974-79............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
79.7
81.5
84.7
87.0
90.3
90.9
91.8
91.0
92.9
93.7
97.4
99.1
99.7
100.0
100.7
103.1
99.1
98.5
103.1
102.2
100.9
101.5
104.6
102.1
101.0
101.8
113.1
114.6
116.8
116.4
116.8
117.7
118.1
115.2
114.5
107.3
108.1
106.0
105.4
100.0
98.7
100.8
93.8
91.1
90.7
90.4
89.4
90.1
92.7
85.0
86.5
85.8
113.9
114.8
115.9
112.5
114.3
114.4
115.0
112.3
110.5
104.9
106.1
104.2
104.3
100.0
99.5
101.2
94.3
89.6
88.9
88.8
84.5
84.9
88.3
80.8
81.1
80.5
112.1
114.3
118.7
123.0
121.1
123.1
123.5
120.2
121.2
111.5
111.5
109.2
107.5
100.0
97.3
100.1
92.9
93.8
93.8
93.2
97.9
99.2
100.3
92.4
96.0
94.9
110.7
112.3
115.5
115.4
114.4
115.3
115.0
112.9
112.3
106.0
104.6
105.1
103.9
100.0
97.5
100.2
92.8
89.7
88.8
88.3
89.1
89.6
91.5
84.0
85.7
85.2
112.8
113.7
116.4
113.6
113.0
113.1
111.6
109.1
106.9
102.8
100.8
102.8
101.6
100.0
98.1
101.5
94.7
90.0
89.4
89.3
87.7
87.8
90.6
82.4
83.1
83.1
107.5
110.3
114.0
118.4
116.6
118.8
120.3
118.8
120.5
110.8
110.5
108.7
107.3
100.0
96.8
98.3
90.1
89.2
87.9
86.7
91.1
92.3
92.9
86.3
89.7
88.3
1.0
(2)
-1.2
-1.2
-1.5
-1.3
-.6
-1.0
-1.0
-1.3
-1.3
-1.5
-.7
-.9
' Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
rnay differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
49
Chart 21. Sugar (SIC 2061, 2062, 2063): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
150
140
H 130
120
H
110
100
H
90
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
—1 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
50
Table 39. Sugar (SIC 2061, 2062, 2063): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee ', 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour ?
Output per employee ?
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
60.4
62.8
66.2
65.3
67.2
70.8
74.6
79.7
87.7
88.2
92.7
96.5
100.1
100.0
104.3
102.1
111.6
110.1
117.4
114.0
110.0
108.1
111.4
118.9
117.1
131.0
60.3
62.5
65.4
64.3
67.3
70.6
74.4
79.6
86.9
87.9
92.5
95.6
100.5
100.0
103.5
101.7
110.3
109.6
119.1
114.2
112.1
111.0
114.0
122.6
121.3
139.2
60.7
64.4
70.2
70.5
66.2
72.0
75.8
80.3
91.5
89.4
93.7
101.0
96.7
100.0
108.3
103.9
117.6
112.0
110.8
112.5
102.0
96.5
101.0
104.5
101.4
103.9
60.5
62.6
68.4
66.7
69.9
72.1
76.8
81.5
89.6
89.9
95.1
95.6
98.5
100.0
104.9
100.5
109.8
114.3
120.2
118.0
113.3
106.6
114.4
120.0
115.6
128.1
60.0
61.8
67.4
65.5
70.3
71.5
76.7
81.5
89.0
89.8
95.3
94.2
100.1
100.0
104.2
100.0
108.7
114.2
120.6
117.5
114.5
107.7
116.2
123.0
118.2
133.9
63.3
66.7
73.0
73.2
68.7
74.7
77.7
81.3
91.9
89.9
94.5
101.6
96.8
100.0
108.3
102.8
115.0
115.1
118.8
120.2
108.5
102.5
107.1
109.0
105.9
108.4
3.4
3.4
3.6
4.1
2.3
.8
3.3
2.6
3.5
3.3
2.3
.3
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Agricultural Marketing Service and Statistical
Reporting Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; and the Bureau of the Census.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
Series revised from 1947-66 to reflect the summation of the component industries.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
! Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Table 40. Sugar (SIC 2061, 2062, 2063): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees', 1954-79
(1967
100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957
..........
1958 .................................
1959 .
..............
1960 . .
............
1961 .
.........
1962.
1963
1964 ......
...........
........
1965
1966 .
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
.................
1969.
1970 .
1971 ................................
1972 .
................
1973 .
1974 .
1975 ................................
1976 .
..................
1977 ................................
1978 .................................
1979 ..............................
Average annual percent
change.
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
68.0
67.7
71.0
70.3
74.4
78.1
80.3
84.9
88.8
93.1
100.5
97.4
98.2
100.0
104.6
102.8
109.1
109.2
114.8
110.0
108.5
106.0
116.2
114.6
105.9
106.6
112.6
107.8
107.3
107.7
110.7
110.3
107.6
106.5
101.3
105.6
108.4
100.9
98.1
100.0
100.3
100.7
97.8
99.2
97.8
96.5
98.6
98.1
104.3
96.4
90.4
81.4
112.8
108.4
108.5
109.3
110.5
110.7
108.0
106.7
102.2
105.9
108.7
101.9
97.7
100.0
101.1
101.1
98.9
99.6
96.4
96.3
96.8
95.5
101.9
93.5
87.3
76.6
112.0
105.2
101.1
99.7
112.4
108.4
106.0
105.7
97.1
104.1
107.3
96.4
101.5
100.0
96.6
98.9
92.8
97.5
103.6
97.8
106.4
109.9
115.0
109.7
104.4
102.6
112.4
108.1
103.8
105.4
106.4
108.3
104.5
104.2
99.1
103.6
105.7
101.9
99.7
100.0
99.7
102.3
99.4
95.5
95.5
93.2
95.8
99.4
101.6
95.5
91.6
83.2
113.4
109.5
105.3
107.4
105.9
109.2
104.7
104.2
99.8
103.7
105.5
103.4
98.1
100.0
100.4
102.8
100.4
95.6
95.2
93.6
94.8
98.4
100.0
93.2
89.6
79.6
107.4
101.5
97.2
96.0
108.3
104.6
103.3
104.4
96.6
103.6
106.4
95.9
101.4
100.0
96.6
100.0
94.9
94.9
96.6
91.5
100.0
103.4
108.5
105.1
100.0
98.3
2.3
-.3
-1.0
-3.6
-1.2
-4.3
n
-1.0
-2.9
-1.2
-3.4
n
-1.1
-.6
Series revised from 1947-66 to reflect the summation of the component industries.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Agricultural Marketing Service and Statistical
Preliminary.
Reporting Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; and the Bureau of the Census.
Less than .05 percent.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Labor Statistics,
differ from those previously published.
51
Chart 22. Raw and refined cane sugar (SIC 2061, 2062): Output per hour and related data, 1967-78
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
-
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
— 80
—1 70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
— 80
- 1 70
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
52
Table 41. Raw and refined cane sugar (SIC 2061, 2062): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-78
(1967
100)
Output per employee '
Output per hour '
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964 .................................
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969 .................................
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 ■ ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
63.8
68.3
70.3
79.2
87.5
85.8
85.7
94.7
99.9
100.0
101.5
98.0
105.9
101.8
107.3
105.6
103.7
97.8
102.0
113.7
110.3
63.1
66.7
69.0
78.1
85.5
84.8
85.3
93.0
98.4
100.0
101.1
100.3
108.1
104.0
111.8
108.4
108.6
104.2
106.9
120.1
115.9
67.0
74.9
75.7
84.2
95.3
89.8
86.6
101.2
105.8
100.0
103.2
90.0
98.0
94.3
93.4
96.6
88.9
80.2
87.3
95.2
93.6
62.3
65.4
68.0
77.1
85.6
84.5
84.0
91.7
97.2
100.0
101.9
94.9
103.8
103.8
110.3
108.1
107.0
96.5
102.4
111.3
108.3
61.9
63.8
67.1
76.7
85.0
85.0
85.1
91.1
97.2
100.0
101.4
96.8
106.6
106.0
113.9
109.7
111.5
100.4
105.8
115.5
112.0
63.8
71.4
71.3
78.3
88.1
82.8
80.3
93.4
97.2
100.0
103.2
89.0
95.8
96.8
100.2
103.1
94.6
85.3
92.5
99.4
97.7
2.3
2.8
2.8
2.8
.8
2.8
2.5
1.7
2.8
1.5
1.6
2.2
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Agricultural Marketing Service and Statistical
Reporting Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Bureau of the Census.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
Preliminary.
NOTE. Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Table 42. Raw and refined cane sugar (SIC 2061, 2062): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967 .................................
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972 .................................
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978 ’
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78............................
1974-78 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
72.4
77.3
77.2
84.0
87.0
90.2
89.0
90.8
95.2
100.0
98.7
91.0
95.8
96.8
102.4
98.6
98.8
91.0
96.6
103.8
97.7
113.4
113.2
109.8
106.0
99.4
105.1
103.9
95.9
95.3
100.0
97.2
92.9
90.5
95.1
95.4
93.4
95.3
93.0
94.7
91.3
88.6
114.8
115.9
111.9
107.6
101.8
106.4
104.3
97.6
96.7
100.0
97.6
90.7
88.6
93.1
91.6
91.0
91.0
87.3
90.4
86.4
84.3
108.1
103.2
102.0
99.8
91.3
100.5
102.8
89.7
90.0
100.0
95.6
101.1
97.8
102.7
109.6
102.1
111.1
113.4
110.7
109.0
104.4
116.2
118.2
113.5
109.0
101.6
106.7
106.0
99.0
97.9
100.0
96.9
95.9
92.3
93.3
92.8
91.2
92.3
94.3
94.3
93.3
90.2
117.0
121.2
115.1
109.5
102.4
106.1
104.6
99.7
97.9
100.0
97.3
94.0
89.9
91.3
89.9
89.9
88.6
90.6
91.3
89.9
87.2
113.4
108.3
108.2
107.3
98.8
108.9
110.8
97.2
97.9
100.0
95.6
102.2
100.0
100.0
102.2
95.6
104.4
106.7
104.4
104.4
100.0
1.3
1.1
-1.0
-1.6
-1.5
-1.6
.5
-1.6
-1.2
-.6
-1.5
-.4
-.3
-1.1
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Reporting Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Bureau of the Census.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Agricultural Marketing Service and Statistical
Employees
Nonproduction
workers
53
Chart 23. Beet sugar (SIC 2063): Output per hour and related data, 1967-78
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
—1 70
170
=] 160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
54
Table 43. Beet sugar (SIC 2063): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour '
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976
1977
1978 2
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ...................... .....
1974-78 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
77.4
79.3
87.6
84.0
92.1
97.0
110.3
104.7
104.5
100.0
108.7
108.0
118.5
123.4
134.5
127.2
119.7
124.3
128.6
126.2
127.6
76.0
78.0
85.6
82.3
89.9
94.0
107.0
102.2
105.0
100.0
107.9
105.1
115.4
119.4
131.4
124.2
117.6
124.0
128.6
127.3
129.6
89.4
90.4
105.6
98.1
111.9
124.2
142.2
127.7
100.7
100.0
115.3
135.3
146.6
163.2
162.9
155.1
137.3
127.0
128.2
119.4
114.7
87.3
86.9
97.5
89.9
97.2
100.8
118.3
104.0
101.7
100.0
110.5
109.9
118.6
132.9
137.2
135.0
123.0
125.2
137.3
134.7
127.2
87.6
87.1
97.3
89.8
96.4
99.1
116.6
102.4
103.1
100.0
109.8
107.3
115.8
129.1
133.2
131.6
120.3
124.0
137.5
136.2
128.2
85.2
86.1
99.5
91.1
103.2
114.6
131.9
117.8
92.5
100.0
115.3
133.7
143.3
167.6
174.6
165.8
146.0
135.0
135.8
124.6
119.4
2.6
1.4
2.7
2.2
1.7
-4.1
2.3
1.4
2.3
2.2
2.5
-4.7
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on
data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Table 44. Beet sugar (SIC 2063): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index.
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976
1977
1978 1
Average annual percent
change.
1958-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
78.4
79.7
86.9
86.5
92.4
99.0
124.1
111.2
104.3
100.0
115.3
124.2
133.1
131.7
137.2
130.3
125.1
135.0
155.2
133.5
119.4
101.3
100.5
99.2
103.0
100.3
102.1
112.5
106.2
99.8
100.0
106.1
115.0
112.3
106.7
102.0
102.4
104.5
108.6
120.7
105.8
93.6
103.2
102.2
101.5
105.1
102.8
105.3
116.0
108.8
99.3
100.0
106.9
118.2
115.3
110.3
104.4
104.9
106.4
108.9
120.7
104.9
92.1
87.7
88.2
82.3
88.2
82.6
79.7
87.3
87.1
103.6
100.0
100.0
91.8
90.8
80.7
84.2
84.0
91.1
106.3
121.1
111.8
104.1
89.8
91.7
89.1
96.2
95.1
98.2
104.9
106.9
102.6
100.0
104.3
113.0
112.2
99.1
100.0
96.5
101.7
107.8
113.0
99.1
93.9
89.5
91.5
89.3
96.3
95.9
99.9
106.4
108.6
101.2
100.0
105.0
115.8
114.9
102.0
103.0
99.0
104.0
108.9
112.9
98.0
93.1
92.0
92.6
87.3
94.9
89.5
86.4
94.1
94.4
112.7
100.0
100.0
92.9
92.9
78.6
78.6
78.6
85.7
100.0
114.3
107.1
100.0
2.8
-1.0
.2
-2.4
.1
-3.2
1.1
3.2
.5
-2.4
.6
-3.2
.3
3.8
Preliminary.
SOURCE. Output based on data from the Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Department of Agriculture, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on
differ from those previously published.
data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
55
Chart 24. Candy and other confectionery products (SIC 2065): Output per hour and related data, 1967-78
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
200
Ratio s c a h
- i 200
j-
180 160 140 -
-
120
-
-
100
-
100
80 -
80
60 -
60
200 r -
180 160 140 -
200
180
160
140
120
-
120
100
-
H 100
80 -
80
60 —
60
200
180
160
140
120
r~
—
200
180
160
140
120
-
100 80
180
160
140
120
100
80
-
60 -
- 1 60
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
56
Table 45. Candy and other confectionery products (SIC 2065): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per h ou r1
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969
1970
1971
.
...
1972
......................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78............................
1974-78............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
61.9
63.8
64.5
70.0
73.2
74.9
78.3
78.1
79.6
88.0
89.7
93.4
97.2
100.0
104.6
97.6
104.4
114.6
128.7
137.3
149.0
136.0
126.9
149.4
161.5
63.1
66.8
68.6
74.3
75.7
77.8
81.5
80.9
82.5
89.1
90.8
93.7
97.9
100.0
105.1
98.4
107.0
119.0
133.1
148.5
158.8
147.2
134.9
155.5
164.2
55.9
51.4
48.7
53.4
62.0
62.1
64.3
66.0
67.0
82.3
84.4
92.1
93.7
100.0
102.7
93.7
92.2
95.6
109.1
97.6
111.5
96.2
96.1
123.4
148.5
63.4
65.0
66.5
71.3
74.2
77.4
80.8
80.7
82.3
89.0
90.5
94.7
97.2
100.0
104.5
98.3
104.2
118.0
130.5
138.7
144.5
129.3
123.7
148.4
162.0
64.5
67.9
70.6
75.4
76.4
80.5
84.4
84.0
86.0
90.5
91.6
95.1
97.8
100.0
106.0
100.1
107.4
123.9
135.4
150.3
152.7
137.8
130.3
153.9
164.8
58.3
53.4
50.7
55.6
64.5
64.5
66.0
66.8
67.4
82.6
85.1
92.6
93.7
100.0
97.3
89.8
89.6
94.6
109.6
98.5
112.9
97.4
97.5
124.3
149.2
3.7
2.6
3.8
1.2
3.4
8.6
3.5
3.7
3.6
2.7
3.2
8.3
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Competitive Assessment and
Business Policy, and the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Table 46. Candy and other confectionery products (SIC 2065): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 ..................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976
1977
1978 ’
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78............................
1974-78............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
62.8
65.7
67.9
70.7
72.7
73.8
76.8
77.8
79.7
83.5
87.4
91.0
95.4
100.0
103.6
98.2
105.4
111.3
116.7
124.0
129.6
109.1
107.5
126.7
135.3
101.5
103.0
105.3
101.0
99.3
98.5
98.1
99.6
100.1
94.9
97.4
97.4
98.1
100.0
99.0
100.6
101.0
97.1
90.7
90.3
87.0
80.2
84.7
84.8
83.8
99.5
98.4
99.0
95.2
96.0
94.8
94.2
96.2
96.6
93.7
96.3
97.1
97.4
100.0
98.6
99.8
98.5
93.5
87.7
83.5
81.6
74.1
79.7
81.5
82.4
112.4
127.7
139.5
132.3
117.2
118.8
119.5
117.9
118.9
101.5
103.6
98.8
101.8
100.0
100.9
104.8
114.3
116.4
107.0
127.1
116.2
113.4
111.9
102.7
91.1
99.0
101.0
102.1
99.1
98.0
95.3
95.0
96.4
96.8
93.8
96.6
96.1
98.1
100.0
99.1
99.9
101.2
94.3
89.4
89.4
89.7
84.4
86.9
85.4
83.5
97.3
96.7
96.2
93.8
95.1
91.7
91.0
92.6
92.7
92.3
95.4
95.7
97.5
100.0
97.7
98.1
98.1
89.8
86.2
82.5
84.9
79.2
82.5
82.3
82.1
107.8
123.0
133.9
127.2
112.8
114.4
116.3
116.4
118.2
101.1
102.7
98.3
101.8
100.0
106.5
109.3
117.6
117.6
106.5
125.9
114.8
112.0
110.2
101.9
90.7
2.7
2.4
-1.0
-.2
-1.0
1.2
-.7
-5.7
-.7
-1.3
-.8
-.3
-.4
-5.5
1 Preliminary.
Business Policy, and the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures ia this table may
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
differ from those previously published.
Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Competitive Assessment and
57
Chart 25. Malt beverages (SIC 2082): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
Ratio s c a le
220
200
180
160
140
H 120
100
-
80
-
60
- i 220
200
-
-
180
160
140
H 120
100
80
—1 60
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor S tatistics, U.S. Department of Labor
58
Table 47. Malt beverages (SIC 2082): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-79
(1967=100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 ? ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
49.4
51.4
52.4
54.1
59.9
62.7
65.2
68.3
71.8
78.9
84.6
89.0
93.7
100.0
108.3
115.7
119.6
125.1
139.3
153.2
157.2
175.3
192.9
199.6
201.3
203.0
50.5
51.9
53.3
55.4
60.8
62.9
64.9
68.2
71.1
77.9
83.9
88.7
93.9
100.0
105.8
114.0
119.4
128.3
141.6
148.6
151.7
169.4
186.7
189.3
190.7
189.3
47.3
50.3
50.5
51.4
57.8
62.0
65.5
68.5
73.1
81.1
86.0
89.3
92.8
100.0
113.9
119.5
119.9
118.8
134.9
163.4
170.1
189.7
207.6
225.6
228.0
239.9
51.0
52.8
53.9
55.1
60.3
63.3
65.0
68.0
71.9
79.0
84.9
89.6
94.6
100.0
107.0
114.6
120.2
125.1
142.7
157.6
163.0
178.6
201.3
204.2
208.4
209.8
51.9
53.0
54.5
55.9
60.4
62.8
63.8
67.2
71.1
77.7
83.7
89.6
95.3
100.0
106.2
114.1
121.6
128.6
145.9
153.7
158.5
172.1
196.1
193.7
198.8
195.9
49.2
52.1
52.4
53.4
60.0
64.3
67.2
69.3
73.5
81.4
86.8
89.6
92.8
100.0
108.8
115.4
117.3
118.4
136.5
166.3
173.3
193.3
212.2
229.0
231.3
244.6
5.6
5.1
5.5
4.3
'5.9
7.0
5.5
5.1
5.4
4.3
5.7
6.9
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
? Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
U.S. Department of the Treasury, and the Eiureau of the Census. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 48. Malt beverages (SIC 2082): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971 .................................
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
69.8
71.4
72.0
71.8
72.6
75.3
76.1
77.7
79.6
83.0
88.1
90.9
96.0
100.0
105.4
110.1
115.5
119.6
123.3
129.9
137.1
141.1
144.1
150.7
159.4
162.2
141.3
138.8
137.4
132.7
121.3
120.1
116.8
113.7
110.8
105.2
104.1
102.1
102.5
100.0
97.3
95.2
96.6
95.6
88.5
84.8
87.2
80.5
74.7
75.5
79.2
79.9
138.3
137.5
135.0
129.5
119.4
119.7
117.2
114.0
111.9
106.6
105.0
102.5
102.2
100.0
99.6
96.6
96.7
93.2
87.1
87.4
90.4
83.3
77.2
79.6
83.6
85.7
147.7
142.0
142.7
139.7
125.5
121.4
116.1
113.5
108.9
102.4
102.4
101.8
103.4
100.0
92.5
92.1
96.3
100.7
91.4
79.5
80.6
74.4
69.4
66.8
69.9
67.6
136.8
135.3
133.6
130.2
120.3
119.0
117.1
114.3
110.7
105.0
103.8
101.4
101.5
100.0
98.5
96.1
96.1
95.6
86.4
82.4
84.1
79.0
71.6
73.8
76.5
77.3
134.6
134.6
132.1
128.4
120.1
120.0
119.3
115.6
112.0
106.8
105.2
101.5
100.7
100.0
99.2
96.5
95.0
93.0
84.5
84.5
86.5
82.0
73.5
77.8
80.2
82.8
141.9
137.0
137.3
134.5
121.1
117.1
113.2
112.2
108.3
102.0
101.5
101.4
103.4
100.0
96.9
95.4
98.5
101.0
90.3
78.1
79.1
73.0
67.9
65.8
68.9
66.3
3.1
3.6
-2.3
-1.3
-2.2
-.6
-2.6
-3.1
-2.2
-1.4
-2.1
-.7
-2.4
-3.1
‘ Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
U.S. Department of the Treasury; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
differ from those previously published.
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
59
Chart 26. Bottled and canned soft drinks (SIC 2086): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
200
180
160
140
120
100
- 1 80
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor S tatistics, U.S. Department of Labor
60
Table 49. Bottled and canned soft drinks (SIC 2086): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee', 1958-79
(1967=100)
Output per employee 2
Output per h our2
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 3 ............ .................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79............................
1974-79............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
86.6
90.7
87.6
91.2
97.6
100.7
101.0
101.8
102.4
100.0
108.3
104.6
105.2
111.0
113.2
117.3
119.9
129.6
139.7
147.7
154.3
155.6
86.1
90.7
88.3
92.5
99.9
101.2
102.7
104.1
101.4
100.0
109.8
109.2
113.0
122.8
124.2
130.3
133.5
146.1
158.0
168.8
177.3
183.7
87.0
90.8
87.2
90.4
96.3
100.6
100.0
100.3
103.2
100.0
107.4
101.7
100.3
104.0
106.5
109.5
111.9
120.2
129.2
135.9
141.3
140.5
88.6
93.9
89.6
92.2
97.7
101.8
101.7
102.3
103.3
100.0
107.4
104.2
105.8
112.9
116.7
121.0
123.3
133.3
144.0
152.3
159.6
161.0
86.3
93.8
90.2
93.3
100.0
103.6
104.4
105.6
103.3
100.0
107.4
105.7
109.4
119.0
120.6
126.0
127.0
138.5
151.5
161.7
171.7
177.9
90.1
94.1
89.3
91.5
96.3
100.6
100.0
100.3
103.2
100.0
107.4
103.4
103.6
109.4
114.4
118.2
121.1
130.1
139.8
147.1
153.0
152.0
2.6
5.5
3.5
6.6
2.1
4.9
2.7
5.7
3.1
7.1
2.5
4.9
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Sales Survey and Statistical Profile of the Soft
Drink Industry, National Soft Drink Association; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment
and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
■ Series revised to incorporate new information on output by container type and size.
2 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
3 Preliminary.
Table 50. Bottled and canned soft drinks (SIC 2086): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees1, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
68.5
74.3
73.3
75.7
81.7
87.1
90.9
94.4
100.6
100.0
107.8
107.0
107.9
113.6
115.9
121.6
122.3
127.8
144.7
157.5
170.0
176.5
79.1
81.9
83.7
83.0
83.7
86.5
90.0
92.7
98.2
100.0
99.5
102.3
102.6
102.3
102.4
103.7
102.0
98.6
103.6
106.6
110.2
113.4
79.6
81.9
83.0
81.8
81.8
86.1
88.5
90.7
99.2
100.0
98.2
98.0
95.5
92.5
93.3
93.3
91.6
87.5
91.6
93.3
95.9
96.1
78.7
81.8
84.1
83.7
84.8
86.6
90.9
94.1
97.5
100.0
100.4
105.2
107.6
109.2
108.8
111.1
109.3
106.3
112.0
115.9
120.3
125.6
77.3
79.1
81.8
82.1
83.6
85.6
89.4
92.3
97.4
100.0
100.4
102.7
102.0
100.6
99.3
100.5
99.2
95.9
100.5
103.4
106.5
109.6
79.4
79.2
81.3
81.1
81.7
84.1
87.1
89.4
97.4
100.0
100.4
101.2
98.6
95.5
96.1
96.5
96.3
92.3
95.5
97.4
99.0
99.2
76.0
79.0
82.1
82.7
84.8
86.6
90.9
94.1
97.5
100.0
100.4
103.5
104.2
103.8
101.3
102.9
101.0
98.2
103.5
107.1
111.1
116.1
4.2
8.3
1.5
2.6
.7
1.5
2.1
3.2
1.4
2.4
1.1
1.1
1.6
3.2
Series revised to incorporate new information on output by container type and
size.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
Employees
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Sales Survey and Statistical Profile of
the Soft Drink Industry, National Soft Drink Association; and the Bureau of the
Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
61
Chart 27. All tobacco products (SIC 2111, 2121, 2131): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a h
150
HO
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
62
Table 51. All tobacco products (SIC 2111, 2121, 2131): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
62.6
62.4
66.3
69.4
74.6
78.4
83.7
86.6
89.3
94.1
96.4
100.2
99.9
100.0
103.5
101.9
104.3
109.7
110.0
108.1
111.9
114.2
119.3
122.4
125.0
127.6
60.3
60.1
64.1
67.1
72.8
77.0
82.4
85.9
89.1
93.5
94.8
99.5
99.2
100.0
103.4
102.5
104.4
110.5
111.6
110.2
114.7
119.0
124.3
129.3
131.7
134.9
89.2
89.2
94.1
96.5
93.9
91.1
96.2
93.0
90.6
99.9
111.3
106.4
106.0
100.0
104.1
96.9
103.6
104.5
98.6
93.5
93.4
86.1
90.0
85.6
88.5
88.9
62.0
62.2
65.9
69.1
75.1
79.3
84.3
87.9
90.8
95.7
99.7
99.4
100.3
100.0
100.7
99.9
104.7
108.9
108.2
107.1
107.9
110.9
117.1
117.3
123.3
125.1
59.8
60.0
63.6
66.9
73.4
78.1
83.2
87.4
90.8
95.1
98.4
98.7
99.6
100.0
100.6
100.6
105.1
109.7
109.9
109.5
110.7
115.9
122.5
124.1
130.8
132.9
89.2
88.9
93.9
96.3
93.6
90.7
96.0
92.8
91.0
100.3
112.3
106.8
106.0
100.0
102.1
94.6
101.2
101.9
95.9
91.3
89.0
82.1
86.2
81.4
84.2
84.7
2.9
2.8
3.2
3.3
.4
-.6
2.8
3.1
3.1
3.8
.2
-.6
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
U.S. Department of the Treasury; the Bureau of the Census; and Agricultural Marketing
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 52. All tobacco products (SIC 2111, 2121, 2131): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ................................
1955 ................................
1956
......................
1957 ...............................
1958 ................................
.......................
1959
1960 ...............................
1961
....................
1962 ...............................
1963
....................
............................
1964
1965 .................................
1966
...........................
1967 ................................
1968
.....................
1969 ................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 ................................
1973
.....................
1974 .................................
.............................
1975
1976
.....................
1977 ................................
1978
............................
1979 1
........................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 .........................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
79.7
80.4
81.0
83.5
88.3
93.5
95.8
95.3
95.5
97.6
106.0
103.2
100.5
100.0
102.1
98.9
102.7
100.4
100.3
103.9
101.3
99.7
103.4
98.9
101.0
101.7
127.3
128.9
122.1
120.3
118.3
119.3
114.4
110.0
107.0
103.7
110.0
103.0
100.6
100.0
98.6
97.1
98.5
91.5
91.2
96.1
90.5
87.3
86.7
80.8
80.8
79.7
132.1
133.7
126.4
124.5
121.3
121.4
116.3
110.9
107.2
104.4
111.8
103.7
101.3
100.0
98.7
96.5
98.4
90.9
89.9
94.3
88.3
83.8
83.2
76.5
76.7
75.4
89.3
90.1
86.1
86.5
94.0
102.6
99.6
102.5
105.4
97.7
95.2
97.0
94.8
100.0
98.1
102.1
99.1
96.1
101.7
111.1
108.5
115.8
114.9
115.5
114.1
114.4
128.5
129.2
122.9
120.9
117.5
117.9
113.7
108.4
105.2
102.0
106.3
103.8
100.2
100.0
101.4
99.0
98.1
92.2
92.7
97.0
93.9
89.9
88.3
84.3
81.9
81.3
133.2
133.9
127.4
124.9
120.3
119.7
115.2
109.1
105.2
102.6
107.7
104.6
100.9
100.0
101.5
98.3
97.7
91.5
91.3
94.9
91.5
86.0
84.4
79.7
77.2
76.5
89.3
90.4
86.3
86.7
94.3
103.1
99.8
102.7
104.9
97.3
94.4
96.6
94.8
100.0
100.0
104.6
101.5
98.5
104.6
113.8
113.8
121.5
120.0
121.5
120.0
120.0
1.1
(2)
-1.7
-2.6
-2.0
-3.2
.7
.6
-1.7
-2.9
-2.0
-3.6
.9
.7
• Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
Less than .05 percent.
U.S. Department of the Treasury; the Bureau of the Census; and Agricultural Marketing
NOTE. Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Employment and hours based on data from the
differ from those previously published.
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
2
63
Chart 28. Cigarettes, chewing and smoking tobacco (SIC 2111, 2131): Output per hour and related data, 1967*79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
Ratio s c a l e
150 r HO 130 -
150
140
130
120
-
110
100
-
120
110
90 80 -
100
90
80
70 -
70
60 -
60
150 r 140 130 120
150
140
130
120
110
-
110
100
-
90 80 -
100
90
80
70 -
70
60 -
60
150 r 140 130 120
150
140
130
110
-
120
110
100
-
100
90 80 -
90
80
70 -
70
60 -
- 1 60
-
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
64
Table 53. Cigarettes, chewing and smoking tobacco (SIC 2111, 2131): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
78.7
77.8
80.1
82.3
83.5
85.4
89.2
91.1
91.5
95.5
94.1
98.4
98.5
100.0
103.5
99.2
100.8
105.6
106.1
104.9
106.5
110.3
114.1
117.5
122.0
122.7
76.3
75.3
77.3
79.6
81.3
84.2
88.0
90.4
91.5
95.0
93.5
98.1
98.6
100.0
103.6
100.1
101.0
106.9
107.7
107.4
110.2
115.5
119.4
125.1
129.8
131.3
101.7
104.3
109.2
110.0
103.8
96.3
98.4
96.8
90.7
99.1
98.0
99.9
97.5
100.0
102.6
92.7
99.0
96.2
95.1
88.2
84.9
81.8
85.0
80.2
83.4
81.9
79.2
79.7
81.8
83.8
85.0
87.2
90.4
92.7
94.0
98.0
96.4
96.9
99.2
100.0
99.1
96.1
100.7
103.9
103.5
103.3
102.8
106.3
111.4
111.5
119.9
119.6
76.9
77.2
79.0
81.1
82.9
86.0
89.3
92.2
94.4
97.7
96.0
96.4
99.3
100.0
98.8
96.9
101.2
105.2
105.1
105.9
106.5
111.7
117.1
118.8
128.5
128.4
102.6
104.7
110.1
110.8
104.3
96.9
98.9
96.9
91.2
99.5
98.8
100.4
97.6
100.0
101.1
90.8
97.0
94.3
92.8
86.4
81.2
78.2
81.7
76.4
79.6
78.4
1.5
3.0
1.8
3.7
-.6
-.5
1.3
3.2
1.6
4.0
-.8
-.5
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
U.S. Department of the Treasury; the Bureau of the Census; and Agricultural Marketing
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Table 54. Cigarettes, chewing and smoking tobacco (SIC 2111, 2131): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 ' ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
73.9
75.8
77.1
80.1
84.9
89.7
92.0
94.0
93.7
96.5
95.6
97.3
98.5
100.0
101.1
98.5
103.2
102.3
106.6
114.0
112.3
114.8
121.7
117.1
121.9
123.4
93.9
97.4
96.3
97.3
101.7
105.0
103.1
103.2
102.4
101.0
101.6
98.9
100.0
100.0
97.7
99.3
102.4
96.9
100.5
108.7
105.4
104.1
106.7
99.7
99.9
100.6
96.8
100.6
99.7
100.6
104.4
106.5
104.5
104.0
102.4
101.6
102.3
99.2
99.9
100.0
97.6
98.4
102.2
95.7
99.0
106.1
101.9
99.4
101.9
93.6
93.9
94.0
72.7
72.7
70.6
72.8
81.8
93.1
93.5
97.1
103.3
97.4
97.6
97.4
101.0
100.0
98.5
106.3
104.2
106.3
112.1
129.2
132.2
140.4
143.1
146.1
146.1
150.7
93.3
95.1
94.3
95.6
99.9
102.9
101.8
101.4
99.7
98.5
99.2
100.4
99.3
100.0
102.0
102.5
102.5
98.5
103.0
110.4
109.2
108.0
109.2
105.0
101.7
103.2
96.1
98.2
97.6
98.8
102.4
104.3
103.0
101.9
99.3
98.8
99.6
100.9
99.2
100.0
102.3
101.7
102.0
97.2
101.4
107.6
105.4
102.8
103.9
98.6
94.9
96.1
72.0
72.4
70.0
72.3
81.4
92.6
93.0
97.0
102.7
97.0
96.8
96.9
100.9
100.0
100.0
108.5
106.4
108.5
114.9
131.9
138.3
146.8
148.9
153.2
153.2
157.4
1.8
1.8
.3
-1.2
(2)
-1.9
2.4
2.3
.5
-1.4
.2
-2.1
2.6
2.3
Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
65
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
U.S. Department of the Treasury; the Bureau of the Census; and Agricultural Marketing
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Chart 29. Cigars (SIC 2121): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
Ratio s c a l e
180
— HO
—
100
60
- 1 20
-
100
60
- 1 20
100
60
- 1 20
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
66
Table 55. Cigars (SIC 2121): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-79
(1967=100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 ..............................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
45.4
45.8
50.5
54.0
62.6
67.9
75.1
79.5
85.2
91.7
101.3
104.4
103.2
100.0
103.6
108.1
113.3
120.1
120.1
116.8
128.6
126.5
137.1
139.8
137.0
148.4
43.8
44.2
48.9
52.3
61.2
66.7
73.7
78.9
84.6
90.5
97.9
102.8
100.8
100.0
103.2
108.0
112.7
118.4
120.7
115.9
126.0
126.7
136.8
138.4
133.9
142.6
69.4
67.8
71.8
76.2
77.7
81.0
90.5
85.3
89.8
102.1
145.8
121.1
133.4
100.0
107.7
109.8
118.9
137.7
114.3
125.0
158.9
122.6
140.7
152.5
172.1
243.5
44.8
44.8
49.0
52.8
62.4
68.4
75.3
80.4
85.4
91.8
107.0
105.2
103.0
100.0
104.1
109.0
114.4
121.3
120.0
117.1
121.3
124.0
133.7
137.0
134.2
146.7
43.3
43.4
47.6
51.2
61.3
67.5
74.1
79.9
85.0
90.9
104.1
103.6
100.6
100.0
104.1
109.3
114.3
120.1
121.3
116.8
118.9
125.0
133.7
136.4
131.9
141.4
67.6
65.6
69.8
74.0
75.4
78.5
88.8
84.3
90.3
102.5
147.2
121.6
133.4
100.0
104.1
105.7
114.4
132.5
109.6
120.1
149.4
115.1
133.1
142.7
161.3
229.3
5.0
2.8
5.1
2.3
3.5
9.7
5.0
3.5
5.1
3.0
3.4
9.6
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
U.S. Department of the Treasury; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
' The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Table 56. Cigars (SIC 2121): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ..............................
1955 ..............................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
I960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962
.............................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 ................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972
...........................
1973 .................................
1974
.......................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 ................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
90.8
90.2
89.8
91.8
96.4
102.2
104.3
99.0
99.6
100.2
129.5
116.5
105.0
100.0
104.1
99.8
101.7
95.7
85.3
80.1
74.7
64.0
59.1
55.5
53.7
50.9
199.8
197.0
177.8
170.1
154.1
150.5
138.9
124.5
116.9
109.3
127.8
111.6
101.7
100.0
100.5
92.3
89.8
79.7
71.0
68.6
58.1
50.6
43.1
39.7
39.2
34.3
207.5
204.1
183.8
175.5
157.5
153.2
141.5
125.4
117.7
110.7
132.3
113.3
104.2
100.0
100.9
92.4
90.2
80.8
70.7
69.1
59.3
50.5
43.2
40.1
40.1
35.7
130.8
133.1
125.1
120.5
124.1
126.2
115.2
116.1
110.9
98.1
88.8
96.2
78.7
100.0
96.7
90.9
85.5
69.5
74.6
64.1
47.0
52.2
42.0
36.4
31.2
20.9
202.5
201.3
183.1
173.9
154.5
149.4
138.5
123.2
116.6
109.1
121.0
110.7
101.9
100.0
100.0
91.6
88.9
78.9
71.1
68.4
61.6
51.6
44.2
40.5
40.0
34.7
209.8
208.0
188.8
179.2
157.2
151.4
140.8
123.9
117.2
110.2
124.4
112.4
104.4
100.0
100.0
91.3
89.0
79.7
70.3
68.6
62.8
51.2
44.2
40.7
40.7
36.0
134.3
137.5
128.7
124.1
127.9
130.2
117.5
117.5
110.3
97.8
88.0
95.8
78.7
100.0
100.0
94.4
88.9
72.2
77.8
66.7
50.0
55.6
44.4
38.9
33.3
22.2
-1.0
-6.9
-5.7
-9.5
-5.8
-9.0
-4.4
-15.1
-5.7
-10.1
-5.8
-9.7
-4.3
-15.1
Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
U.S. Department of the Treasury; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
differ from those previously published.
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
67
Chart 30. Hosiery (SIC 2251, 2252): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
220
190
160
130
100
— 70
40
220
190
160
130
—t 100
— 70
40
220
190
160
130
H ioo
70
J
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
68
40
Table 57. Hosiery (SIC 2251, 2252): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee ’
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 ................................
1978 .................................
1979 1
2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79............................
1974-79............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
46.8
46.1
47.0
49.2
58.1
57.8
59.3
64.8
67.1
75.8
81.1
80.9
89.1
100.0
93.5
107.9
128.1
120.9
139.2
147.7
168.5
191.6
219.5
208.6
209.5
236.5
45.9
45.4
46.3
48.7
57.9
57.2
58.6
64.5
66.9
75.2
80.2
80.1
88.4
100.0
94.1
108.5
129.8
124.6
143.1
152.5
173.7
197.5
223.8
210.3
212.2
239.9
57.2
54.0
54.2
54.1
60.2
63.6
66.0
67.5
69.4
82.7
90.0
89.9
95.0
100.0
89.0
102.0
113.6
94.0
109.7
114.1
130.0
148.0
183.2
190.4
184.6
207.5
45.8
45.3
46.0
48.1
56.2
57.5
58.7
64.5
66.9
74.7
81.8
81.2
90.4
100.0
94.0
108.5
122.0
115.8
138.0
140.2
158.4
178.0
212.3
204.8
207.8
231.7
44.8
44.5
45.3
47.5
55.8
57.0
58.0
64.2
66.5
73.9
81.0
80.4
89.9
100.0
94.3
109.0
123.0
118.7
141.7
143.9
163.0
182.7
217.2
207.5
211.5
235.7
57.5
54.2
54.5
54.3
60.4
63.8
66.4
67.5
69.5
82.9
90.7
90.0
94.8
100.0
92.2
103.1
112.5
93.6
109.4
111.0
122.7
140.7
173.9
180.1
174.7
196.6
6.3
5.6
6.5
5.2
4.9
9.1
6.2
6.9
6.4
6.6
4.6
9.1
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the National Association of Hosiery Manufacturers,
Inc., and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau
of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Table 58. Hosiery (SIC 2251, 2252): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965 .................................
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970 .................................
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975 .................................
1976
1977
1978
1979 1
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
58.3
59.1
57.7
57.7
59.8
63.0
62.8
68.8
70.6
73.1
77.7
81.8
90.3
100.0
98.6
119.7
129.3
107.5
116.9
114.8
105.8
110.0
124.0
124.3
130.5
149.2
124.7
128.3
122.8
117.3
103.0
109.0
105.9
106.1
105.2
96.4
95.8
101.1
101.4
100.0
105.4
110.9
100.9
88.9
84.0
77.7
62.8
57.4
56.5
59.6
62.3
63.1
127.0
130.3
124.6
118.5
103.3
110.1
107.1
106.6
105.5
97.2
96.9
102.1
102.1
100.0
104.8
110.3
99.6
86.3
81.7
75.3
60.9
55.7
55.4
59.1
61.5
62.2
102.0
109.4
106.4
106.6
99.4
99.1
95.2
101.9
101.8
88.4
86.3
91.0
95.1
100.0
110.8
117.4
113.8
114.4
106.6
100.6
81.4
74.3
67.7
65.3
70.7
71.9
127.4
130.6
125.3
119.9
106.5
109.5
106.9
106.6
105.6
97.9
95.0
100.7
99.9
100.0
104.9
110.3
106.0
92.8
84.7
81.9
66.8
61.8
58.4
60.7
62.8
64.4
130.1
132.8
127.4
121.4
107.2
110.6
108.3
107.2
106.1
98.9
95.9
101.7
100.5
100.0
104.6
109.8
105.1
90.6
82.5
79.8
64.9
60.2
57.1
59.9
61.7
63.3
101.4
109.1
105.9
106.2
99.0
98.8
94.6
101.9
101.6
88.2
85.7
90.9
95.3
100.0
106.9
116.1
114.9
114.9
106.9
103.4
86.2
78.2
71.3
69.0
74.7
75.9
3.4
6.6
-2.7
.9
-2.9
1.3
-1.4
-2.3
-2.6
-.3
-2.8
(2)
-1.2
-2.3
SOURCE: Output based on data from the National Association of Hosiery Manufacturers,
Inc., and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau
of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
69
Chart 31. Sawmills and planing mills, general (SIC 2421): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
150
HO
130
120
110
100
— 90
-
80
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
70
Table 59. Sawmills and planing mills, general (SIC 2421): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 ............................. .
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978
................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
73.1
75.7
75.2
82.0
85.6
89.3
94.9
91.7
92.6
100.0
102.5
101.6
100.9
110.0
120.6
112.9
108.2
112.7
118.2
115.3
116.4
112.8
76.5
75.4
75.0
81.6
84.9
90.6
96.7
92.8
93.6
100.0
103.3
102.7
103.4
111.6
122.5
114.9
111.3
115.4
120.9
117.9
119.7
116.5
49.7
78.8
77.4
85.4
93.9
77.4
78.6
80.8
83.7
100.0
95.5
91.5
80.3
94.7
102.7
95.9
83.2
90.0
95.2
92.9
88.8
84.2
70.9
73.9
75.4
81.1
85.6
89.0
96.4
92.4
93.1
100.0
103.9
102.3
101.8
111.2
124.3
116.3
108.9
113.6
120.6
118.7
117.8
113.1
73.6
73.4
75.1
80.7
84.9
90.3
98.3
93.6
94.0
100.0
104.5
103.2
104.0
112.6
126.3
118.4
112.1
116.3
123.5
121.9
121.5
116.7
50.8
80.4
78.6
86.0
94.1
77.7
79.1
81.1
83.5
100.0
97.5
93.6
82.8
97.7
106.0
98.2
84.4
91.3
97.0
93.9
89.8
85.6
2.3
.8
2.4
.9
1.2
(3)
2.5
.8
2.6
.9
1.3
(3)
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
' The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Less than .05 percent.
Table 60. Sawmills and planing mills, general (SIC 2421): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967 .................................
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972 .................................
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
Employees
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
132.0
136.5
133.7
117.5
194.0
131.1
129.8
112.7
106.0
132.1
135.1
127.8
120.1
100.0
106.0
110.0
122.1
110.4
111.7
116.7
125.8
111.7
118.7
124.1
127.4
131.8
136.2
139.7
133.3
118.7
116.2
114.9
110.2
111.7
108.0
100.0
97.4
98.4
96.3
94.0
92.3
96.2
96.1
88.5
93.7
97.1
96.0
98.1
131.1
140.8
133.8
119.4
117.2
113.3
108.0
110.2
106.9
100.0
96.8
97.6
94.2
92.8
90.8
94.5
93.4
86.4
91.5
94.6
93.1
95.1
189.9
128.5
127.8
112.0
105.7
131.6
134.2
127.2
120.3
100.0
103.8
107.6
118.4
107.0
108.2
113.9
124.1
110.1
116.5
122.8
125.9
129.7
-.6
1.9
-1.8
1.1
-1.9
1.0
-.6
1.9
96.5
103.3
100.5
96.3
99.5
102.3
106.2
103.2
100.5
100.0
101.2
100.7
98.0
104.5
114.7
111.9
104.7
100.5
113.0
115.3
113.1
111.0
114.5
111.9
112.6
108.5
100.0
98.7
99.1
97.1
95.0
95.1
99.1
96.8
89.2
95.6
100.0
97.2
98.4
126.2
137.0
134.0
118.0
117.2
112.9
109.8
111.2
107.4
100.0
98.0
98.1
94.8
93.6
93.6
97.4
94.1
87.1
93.5
97.8
94.5
95.3
.6
1.9
-1.6
1.1
-1.7
1.0
116.2
Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
differ from those previously published.
71
Chart 32. Veneer and plywood (SIC 2435, 2436): Output per hour and related data, 1967*78
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source -
Bureau of Labor S tatistic s, U.S. Department of Labor
72
Table 61. Veneer and plywood (SIC 2435, 2436): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-78
(1967=100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
58.8
65.9
69.4
75.9
82.1
85.3
89.1
91.8
91.5
100.0
105.5
105.0
119.4
125.6
129.3
126.7
127.4
142.2
142.4
147.2
147.4
58.1
64.7
68.4
74.8
80.5
83.6
87.6
90.8
90.7
100.0
105.0
105.1
121.4
127.5
130.3
129.3
131.2
147.9
145.2
149.8
150.8
65.7
82.0
80.5
88.2
102.4
lt)7.6
107.2
103.8
100.3
100.0
110.6
104.6
101.6
110.1
120.1
105.7
98.9
102.4
119.2
125.4
120.6
58.0
67.0
67.6
75.1
82.6
86.2
90.7
94.2
93.1
100.0
107.3
105.1
117.3
125.7
133.3
127.1
124.0
136.5
141.0
146.0
145.7
57.1
65.6
66.4
73.9
80.9
84.4
89.3
93.4
92.5
100.0
107.3
105.3
119.4
127.8
135.0
130.0
127.6
141.7
144.1
148.9
149.3
67.0
83.6
81.7
88.8
102.4
107.6
107.0
103.8
100.3
100.0
107.7
102.8
100.8
108.9
118.6
104.1
97.2
100.6
117.2
123.3
118.5
4.5
3.3
4.8
3.0
1.9
6.2
4.5
4.0
4.8
3.7
1.7
6.2
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978 2
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ............................
1974-78............................
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 62. Veneer and plywood (SIC 2435, 2436): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 ..............................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 ................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976
............................
1977 .................................
1978 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78............................
1974-78 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
47.6
60.6
59.2
64.4
75.7
78.0
86.9
96.3
101.7
100.0
109.2
107.2
111.0
124.7
135.8
134.3
119.8
115.2
132.4
144.7
151.1
81.0
91.9
85.3
84.9
92.2
91.4
97.5
104.9
111.1
100.0
103.5
102.1
93.0
99.3
105.0
106.0
94.0
81.0
93.0
98.3
102.5
81.9
93.7
86.5
86.1
94.0
93.3
99.2
106.1
112.1
100.0
104.0
102.0
91.4
97.8
104.2
103.9
91.3
77.9
91.2
96.6
100.2
72.4
73.9
73.5
73.0
73.9
72.5
81.1
92.8
101.4
100.0
98.7
102.5
109.3
113.3
113.1
127.0
121.1
112.5
111.1
115.4
125.3
82.1
90.5
87.6
85.8
91.7
90.5
95.8
102.2
109.2
100.0
101.8
102.0
94.6
99.2
101.9
105.7
96.6
84.4
93.9
99.1
103.7
83.3
92.4
89.1
87.2
93.6
92.4
97.3
103.1
110.0
100.0
101.8
101.8
93.0
97.6
100.6
103.3
93.9
81.3
91.9
97.2
101.2
71.0
72.5
72.5
72.5
73.9
72.5
81.2
92.8
101.4
100.0
101.4
104.3
110.1
114.5
114.5
129.0
123.2
114.5
113.0
117.4
127.5
5.1
7.2
.5
3.7
.3
4.1
3.1
.9
.6
3.1
.3
3.3
3.3
.9
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
1
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau
of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
73
Chart 33. Household furniture (SIC 251): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
-
-
100
90
80
- 1 70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
-* 70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
74
Table 63. Household furniture (SIC 251): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour '
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
83.6
85.9
85.1
85.8
88.5
92.7
94.6
97.9
99.7
100.0
102.3
103.5
104.2
109.6
119.5
123.3
121.2
123.6
126.3
126.7
131.9
135.6
85.7
86.4
85.9
86.6
88.8
93.3
95.3
97.9
99.7
100.0
103.3
104.5
106.4
111.6
121.2
122.5
124.0
127.3
129.2
128.9
134.4
139.5
71.5
83.2
79.7
80.5
86.1
89.1
89.8
97.7
99.9
100.0
96.6
97.2
91.6
97.7
108.5
130.3
105.1
103.3
109.0
113.3
117.6
114.2
82.6
87.7
85.8
86.0
90.4
94.1
96.6
99.7
101.5
100.0
103.9
104.4
103.8
109.3
117.7
120.6
116.1
115.2
119.9
121.0
127.5
129.7
84.5
88.2
86.7
86.9
91.1
94.9
97.6
99.9
101.8
100.0
103.9
104.6
105.1
110.9
119.3
119.5
118.5
117.9
122.3
122.9
129.9
133.2
72.3
84.0
80.4
80.8
86.5
89.3
90.6
98.2
100.0
100.0
104.0
103.3
96.4
100.4
108.2
128.8
102.7
100.6
106.8
110.1
114.2
111.4
2.4
2.2
2.5
2.2
2.0
2.4
2.1
2.5
2.1
2.5
1.8
2.4
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 64. Household furniture (SIC 251): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-79
(1967=100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967 .................................
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79............................
1974-79............................
Output
Employees
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
69.6
79.5
75.8
73.0
80.3
85.4
91.2
98.4
104.4
100.0
106.8
110.2
105.2
113.2
134.2
141.6
130.1
110.1
124.7
134.6
145.0
147.0
83.3
92.5
89.1
85.1
90.7
92.1
96.4
100.5
104.7
100.0
104.4
106.5
101.0
103.3
112.3
114.8
107.3
89.1
98.7
106.2
109.9
108.4
81.2
92.0
88.2
84.3
90.4
91.5
95.7
100.5
104.7
100.0
103.4
105.5
98.9
101.4
110.7
115.6
104.9
86.5
96.5
104.4
107.9
105.4
97.4
95.5
95.1
90.7
93.3
95.9
101.6
100.7
104.5
100.0
110.6
113.4
114.8
115.9
123.7
108.7
123.8
106.6
114.4
118.8
123.3
128.7
84.3
90.7
88.3
84.9
88.8
90.8
94.4
98.7
102.9
100.0
102.8
105.6
101.3
103.6
114.0
117.4
112.1
95.6
104.0
111.2
113.7
113.3
82.4
90.1
87.4
84.0
88.1
90.0
93.4
98.5
102.6
100.0
102.8
105.4
100.1
102.1
112.5
118.5
109.8
93.4
102.0
109.5
111.6
110.4
96.3
94.6
94.3
90.4
92.8
95.6
100.7
100.2
104.4
100.0
102.7
106.7
109.1
112.8
124.0
109.9
126.7
109.4
116.8
122.3
127.0
132.0
3.5
4.4
1.0
2.2
.9
2.2
1.5
1.9
1.4
1.8
1.3
1.8
1.6
2.0
1 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
may differ from those previously published.
75
Chart 34. Wood household furniture (SIC 2511, 2517): Output per hour and related data, 1967-78
(1967 = 100)
Rcitio s c a le
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
— 80
-
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
-
80
— 70
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
76
Table 65. Wood household furniture (SIC 2511, 2517): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
81.8
84.4
83.7
84.1
87.0
92.2
94.1
97.4
99.9
100.0
102.6
105.9
103.0
110.3
121.8
127.9
122.8
120.5
124.4
122.9
127.6
83.6
84.7
84.2
84.7
87.2
92.4
94.6
97.0
99.6
100.0
103.4
107.1
105.3
112.8
124.3
124.7
126.9
125.7
128.8
126.0
132.0
69.0
82.0
80.1
78.4
85.6
91.2
90.4
100.8
101.9
100.0
96.3
96.8
86.3
92.3
104.0
179.0
94.9
87.3
95.3
101.7
98.7
80.5
85.8
84.3
83.8
89.3
94.2
97.8
100.2
102.7
100.0
104.8
107.0
102.5
109.0
119.9
125.0
117.1
109.7
116.5
117.4
123.0
82.1
86.2
84.8
84.5
89.9
94.5
98.8
100.1
102.8
100.0
104.9
107.6
104.1
111.1
122.4
121.5
120.8
113.6
120.1
120.2
127.3
69.7
82.9
80.8
78.5
85.9
91.6
91.1
101.2
101.8
100.0
103.5
102.7
90.8
94.7
103.7
176.9
92.6
85.0
93.1
98.6
95.9
2.5
1.0
2.6
.8
1.5
2.3
2.1
1.7
2.2
1.6
1.3
2.2
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .
1963 .
1964 .
1965 .
1966 .
1967 .
1968 .
1969 .
1970 .
1971 .
1972 .
1973 .
1974 .
1975 .
1976 .
1977 .................................
1978 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78............................
1974-78............................
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 66. Wood household furniture (SIC 2511, 2517): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ...............................
1959 .................................
I960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 ................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78............................
1974-78............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
64.2
74.9
71.2
68.3
77.1
84.4
90.1
97.2
104.7
100.0
105.3
110.2
98.5
109.2
132.4
138.9
129.7
105.2
124.9
128.6
139.9
78.5
88.7
85.1
81.2
88.6
91.5
95.7
99.8
104.8
100.0
102.6
104.1
95.6
99.0
108.7
108.6
105.6
87.3
100.4
104.6
109.6
76.8
88.4
84.6
80.6
88.4
91.3
95.2
100.2
105.1
100.0
101.8
102.9
93.5
96.8
106.5
111.4
102.2
83.7
97.0
102.1
106.0
93.1
91.3
88.9
87.1
90.1
92.5
99.7
96.4
102.7
100.0
109.3
113.8
114.1
118.3
127.3
77.6
136.6
120.5
131.1
126.4
141.7
79.8
87.3
84.5
81.5
86.3
89.6
92.1
97.0
101.9
100.0
100.5
103.0
96.1
100.2
110.4
111.1
110.8
95.9
107.2
109.5
113.7
78.2
86.9
84.0
80.8
85.8
89.3
91.2
97.1
101.8
100.0
100.4
102.4
94.6
98.3
108.2
114.3
107.4
92.6
104.0
107.0
109.9
92.1
90.4
88.1
87.0
89.8
92.1
98.9
96.0
102.8
100.0
101.7
107.3
108.5
115.3
127.7
78.5
140.0
123.7
134.1
130.4
145.9
3.7
3.6
1.2
2.6
1.0
2.8
2.1
1.2
1.6
1.9
1.5
1.9
2.3
1.4
' Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
77
Chart 35. Upholstered household furniture (SIC 2512): Output per hour and related data, 1967-78
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
-
n o
— 100
90
80
- 1 70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
—1 70
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source -
Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
78
Table 67. Upholstered household furniture (SIC 2512): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977 .................................
1978 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
89.3
92.0
90.4
92.1
93.2
95.0
97.4
99.9
101.9
100.0
100.7
99.7
105.1
105.4
111.8
113.7
114.2
120.8
122.2
124.6
136.1
91.6
92.6
91.7
92.0
93.0
95.9
98.2
100.1
102.1
100.0
100.8
100.4
106.0
105.8
112.8
115.3
115.5
122.3
123.5
126.5
137.1
77.2
88.7
82.6
93.1
94.6
89.9
92.2
98.4
100.9
100.0
100.5
96.1
99.7
102.6
105.5
104.1
106.1
112.0
114.5
113.5
128.9
88.7
94.6
91.7
93.0
96.0
95.6
96.6
100.2
101.4
100.0
101.3
100.4
105.2
107.0
110.4
110.5
108.9
114.1
115.6
117.2
130.5
90.6
95.5
93.3
92.9
96.1
96.4
97.2
100.4
101.4
100.0
100.3
100.0
105.2
107.1
111.3
111.6
109.7
114.8
116.1
118.2
131.1
78.0
89.7
83.3
93.5
95.5
90.5
93.1
98.9
101.2
100.0
108.2
102.5
105.0
105.6
105.4
103.1
103.5
109.4
111.8
110.4
125.2
1.9
3.9
1.9
3.8
1.7
4.1
1.5
4.0
1.5
3.9
1.6
4.0
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 68. Upholstered household furniture (SIC 2512): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973 .................................
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
72.0
82.8
80.9
78.3
85.4
86.2
93.1
99.9
105.0
100.0
108.2
111.4
117.1
119.9
143.9
148.5
136.6
120.3
129.7
147.9
165.2
80.6
90.0
89.5
85.0
91.6
90.7
95.6
100.0
103.0
100.0
107.4
111.7
111.4
113.8
128.7
130,6
119.6
99.6
106.1
118.7
121.4
78.6
89.4
88.2
85.1
91.8
89.9
94.8
99.8
102.8
100.0
107.3
111.0
110.5
113.3
127.6
128.8
118.3
98.4
105.0
116.9
120.5
93.3
93.3
97.9
84.1
90.3
95.9
101.0
101.5
104.1
100.0
107.7
115.9
117.4
116.9
136.4
142.6
128.7
107.4
113.3
130.3
128.2
81.2
87.5
88.2
84.2
89.0
90.2
96.4
99.7
103.6
100.0
106.8
111.0
111.3
112.1
130.3
134.4
125.4
105.4
112.2
126.2
126.6
79.5
86.7
86.7
84.3
88.9
89.4
95.8
99.5
103.5
100.0
107.9
111.4
111.3
111.9
129.3
133.1
124.5
104.8
111.7
125.1
126.0
92.3
92.3
97.1
83.7
89.4
95.2
100.0
101.0
103.8
100.0
100.0
108.7
111.5
113.5
136.5
144.0
132.0
110.0
116.0
134.0
132.0
3.8
6.0
1.9
2.1
1.9
2.1
2.0
1.9
2.2
2.0
2.3
2.0
2.2
2.0
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
Employees
Nonproduction
workers
79
Chart 36. Metal household furniture (SIC 2514): Output per hour and related data, 1967-78
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
- *
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
80
70
Table 69. Metal household furniture (SIC 2514): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-78
(1967=100)
Output per hour '
Output per employee 1
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972 .................................
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977 .................................
1978 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78............................
1974-78............................
i
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
85.0
85.4
82.3
83.7
87.8
94.1
94.6
98.7
96.6
100.0
103.4
104.0
109.1
111.0
119.9
119.9
114.3
119.0
121.7
126.2
122.8
87.2
84.2
81.9
83.2
86.9
94.2
94.4
98.8
97.3
100.0
105.6
104.3
111.8
113.5
120.7
120.3
117.2
124.1
124.7
127.3
122.9
75.8
92.3
85.0
86.2
93.1
93.5
95.5
98.2
93.2
100.0
93.2
102.5
97.1
99.9
115.9
118.0
101.5
98.4
108.5
120.7
122.0
85.5
87.2
83.9
84.4
88.7
94.9
96.2
99.6
98.8
100.0
103.9
102.7
107.2
110.3
116.1
118.4
109.8
113.3
118.1
121.9
120.0
87.6
86.1
83.5
84.2
87.8
95.2
96.1
99.8
100.2
100.0
104.7
101.6
108.2
112.1
116.2
118.8
112.4
117.5
120.9
123.0
120.3
76.2
93.2
85.8
85.9
93.4
93.2
96.5
98.3
92.7
100.0
99.8
108.7
102.2
102.3
115.6
116.3
98.8
96.0
106.0
117.1
118.4
2.3
2.0
2.4
1.2
1.7
5.9
1.9
2.5
2.0
1.8
1.5
5.8
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 70. Metal household furniture (SIC 2514): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965 .................................
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970 .................................
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 ...............................
1978 ! ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78............................
1974-78 ............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
83.5
91.4
85.8
80.9
82.7
89.7
96.5
100.2
99.8
100.0
107.5
108.7
112.0
112.1
128.9
140.9
125.4
103.4
116.2
130.6
132.0
98.2
107.0
104.2
96.7
94.2
95.3
102.0
101.5
103.3
100.0
104.0
104.5
102.7
101.0
107.5
117.5
109.7
86.9
95.5
103.5
107.5
95.8
108.5
104.8
97.2
95.2
95.2
102.2
101.4
102.6
100.0
101.8
104.2
100.2
98.8
106.8
117.1
107.0
83.3
93.2
102.6
107.4
110.2
99.0
101.0
93.9
.88.8
95.9
101.0
102.0
107.1
100.0
115.3
106.1
115.3
112.2
111.2
119.4
123.5
105.1
107.1
108.2
108.2
97.7
104.8
102.3
95.8
93.2
94.5
100.3
100.6
101.0
100.0
103.5
105.8
104.5
101.6
111.0
119.0
114.2
91.3
98.4
107.1
110.0
95.3
106.2
102.7
96.1
94.2
94.2
100.4
100.4
99.6
100.0
102.7
107.0
103.5
100.0
110.9
118.6
111.6
88.0
96.1
106.2
109.7
109.6
98.1
100.0
94.2
88.5
96.2
100.0
101.9
107.7
100.0
107.7
100.0
109.6
109.6
111.5
121.2
126.9
107.7
109.6
111.5
111.5
2.4
3.4
.2
1.4
.1
2.2
.8
-2.3
.5
.9
.4
1.5
.9
-2.2
• Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
81
Chart 37. Mattresses and bedsprings (SIC 2515): Output per hour and related data, 1967-78
(1967 = 100)
Ratio scale
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
H
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
- 1 70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
H
80
70
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
82
Table 71. Mattresses and bedsprings (SIC 2515): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour ’
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
Output per employee 1
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
79.8
80.9
83.0
82.8
86.5
89.7
92.1
95.6
97.3
100.0
104.2
101.3
105.5
117.7
130.2
138.3
147.8
152.7
156.7
158.8
161.4
80.4
81.2
84.7
85.6
89.0
91.4
94.5
96.7
97.3
100.0
106.0
102.5
108.0
119.5
132.2
138.8
149.3
153.5
159.5
162.7
162.9
77.6
79.8
77.3
73.8
78.3
83.7
84.1
91.7
97.4
100.0
98.0
96.9
97.0
111.2
123.4
136.7
142.7
149.4
147.6
146.3
155.5
79.3
82.3
83.3
84.0
87.2
90.8
93.1
96.8
98.1
100.0
107.1
104.2
107.6
118.0
129.4
135.8
143.0
147.2
153.3
154.6
156.1
79.6
82.9
85.0
87.4
89.9
92.9
95.8
98.1
98.3
100.0
107.5
104.6
109.3
119.0
131.2
136.2
144.0
147.6
156.4
158.4
157.5
78.3
80.1
78.1
73.7
78.8
83.9
84.5
92.1
96.9
100.0
105.6
103.0
101.6
114.1
122.9
134.5
139.6
145.7
143.8
142.1
151.5
4.0
2.2
4.0
2.4
4.1
1.5
3.8
2.3
3.7
2.5
3.9
1.4
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
? Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 72. Mattresses and bedsprings (SIC 2515): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 * ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
80.6
86.0
81.5
81.3
88.1
87.6
90.7
98.9
101.2
100.0
110.2
110.6
107.6
122.5
130.2
146.3
129.3
117.9
126.8
133.7
133.6
101.0
106.3
98.2
98.2
101.8
97.7
98.5
103.5
104.0
100.0
105.8
109.2
102.0
104.1
100.0
105.8
87.5
77.2
80.9
84.2
82.8
100.2
105.9
96.2
95.0
99.0
95.8
96.0
102.3
104.0
100.0
104.0
107.9
99.6
102.5
98.5
105.4
86.6
76.8
79.5
82.2
82.0
103.9
107.8
105.5
110.2
112.5
104.7
107.8
107.8
103.9
100.0
112.5
114.1
110.9
110.2
105.5
107.0
90.6
78.9
85.9
91.4
85.9
101.6
104.5
97.8
96.8
101.0
96.5
97.4
102.2
103.2
100.0
102.9
106.1
100.0
103.8
100.6
107.7
90.4
80.1
82.7
86.5
85.6
101.2
103.7
95.9
93.0
98.0
94.3
94.7
100.8
102.9
100.0
102.5
105.7
98.4
102.9
99.2
107.4
89.8
79.9
81.1
84.4
84.8
102.9
107.4
104.4
110.3
111.8
104.4
107.4
107.4
104.4
100.0
104.4
107.4
105.9
107.4
105.9
108.8
92.6
80.9
88.2
94.1
88.2
2.9
1.9
-1.0
-.2
-1.0
-.4
-1.1
.4
-.8
-.3
-.7
-.6
-.9
.5
1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
83
Chart 38. Paper, paperboard, and pulp mills (SIC 2611, 2621, 2631, 2661): Output per hour and related data, 1667-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
H
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
H
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
84
Table 73. Paper, paperboard, and pulp mills (SIC 2611, 2621, 2631, 2661): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per
employee, 1954-79
(1967=100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1954 ...............................
1955
............................
1956 ................................
1957
........................
1958
........................
1959
........................
1960
...........................
1961 ................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967
........................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971
........................
1972
........................
1973
........................
1974
........................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977
........................
1978
........................
........................
1979 2
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ..........................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
59.7
63.9
66.7
66.6
68.3
72.4
74.8
79.7
82.8
87.6
92.2
96.9
101.6
100.0
106.4
110.5
114.6
119.9
130.0
135.4
135.2
128.0
140.2
147.3
152.9
152.3
57.4
61.0
64.3
64.9
66.7
70.9
73.9
79.0
82.0
86.9
91.3
96.4
101.2
100.0
105.8
109.7
114.7
121.3
131.2
136.5
137.0
132.8
143.8
151.3
157.9
157.7
75.1
83.1
81.6
77.0
77.7
81.1
79.8
83.1
87.2
91.6
97.5
99.5
104.2
100.0
109.8
114.7
114.3
113.6
124.2
131.1
126.9
109.0
124.5
129.9
132.1
130.1
60.0
65.6
68.1
66.4
67.7
73.2
74.7
79.4
82.7
87.7
93.1
97.4
102.9
100.0
107.2
111.2
112.3
118.2
129.6
134.3
132.3
121.4
135.6
141.4
147.4
146.9
57.1
62.3
65.3
64.1
65.4
71.5
73.5
78.5
81.6
86.7
91.9
96.7
102.5
100.0
106.5
110.8
112.7
119.6
130.8
134.7
133.4
124.5
138.2
144.5
151.6
151.3
75.9
83.6
82.2
77.6
78.3
81.6
80.2
83.3
87.7
92.0
98.3
100.0
104.2
100.0
109.6
112.7
110.9
112.6
125.1
132.4
127.9
109.8
126.0
130.4
132.6
131.2
3.9
3.4
4.2
3.7
2.1
2.1
3.7
3.3
4.0
3.7
2.0
2.1
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 74. Paper, paperboard, and pulp mills (SIC 2611, 2621, 2631, 2661): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1954-79
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ................................
1955
.......................
1956
...........................
1957
..........................
1958
..........................
1959 ................................
1960 ..............................
1961 .................................
1962
.............................
1963 .................................
..........................
1964
1965 .................................
1966
.......................
1967 ...............................
1968 .................................
1969
...........................
1970
.......................
1971
............................
1972
...........................
1973
.......................
1974 .................................
1975
...........................
1976
.......................
1977 ..............................
1978
............................
1979 1
........................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79............................
1974-79
.......................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
54.5
61.1
64.8
63.1
63.4
70.6
72.2
74.5
78.4
82.6
87.9
93.1
100.3
100.0
107.6
113.2
112.1
113.4
122.3
128.0
127.4
108.2
126.0
131.8
135.8
137.5
91.3
95.6
97.2
94.7
92.8
97.5
96.5
93.5
94.7
94.3
95.3
96.1
98.7
100.0
101.1
102.4
97.8
94.6
94.1
94.5
94.2
84.5
89.9
89.5
88.8
90.3
95.0
100.1
100.8
97.3
95.0
99.6
97.7
94.3
95.6
95.1
96.3
96.6
99.1
100.0
101.7
103.2
97.7
93.5
93.2
93.8
93.0
81.5
87.6
87.1
86.0
87.2
72.6
73.5
79.4
81.9
81.6
87.0
90.5
89.6
89.9
90.2
90.2
93.6
96.3
100.0
98.0
98.7
98.1
99.8
98.5
97.6
100.4
99.3
101.2
101.5
102.8
105.7
90.8
93.2
95.2
95.1
93.7
96.4
96.6
93.8
94.8
94.2
94.4
95.6
97.5
100.0
100.4
101.8
99.8
95.9
94.4
95.3
96.3
89.1
92.9
93.2
92.1
93.6
95.4
98.0
99.2
98.4
96.9
98.8
98.2
94.9
96.1
95.3
95.6
96.3
97.9
100.0
101.0
102.2
99.5
94.8
93.5
95.0
95.5
86.9
91.2
91.2
89.6
90.9
71.8
73.1
78.8
81.3
81.0
86.5
90.0
89.4
89.4
89.8
89.4
93.1
96.3
100.0
98.2
100.4
101.1
100.7
97.8
96.7
99.6
98.5
100.0
101.1
102.4
104.8
4.0
3.2
.1
-.2
-.2
-.5
1.9
1.0
.3
-.1
(2)
-.4
1.9
1.1
‘ Preliminary.
differ from those previously published.
2 Less than .05 percent.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
85
Chart 39. Paper and plastic bags (SIC 2643): Output per hour and related data, 1967-78
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
- 1 40
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
86
Table 75. Paper and plastic bags (SIC 2643): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Output pe- hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1966 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 ...
1973 ...
1974 ...
1975 ...
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
73.0
76.5
73.5
74.8
76.4
80.0
80.9
86.1
88.4
92.3
91.7
96.3
95.8
100.0
105.5
103.5
100.4
114.2
117.8
125.1
131.8
133.6
135.0
134.6
134.8
70.5
74.0
72.1
73.5
75.8
79.9
80.2
84.9
87.2
91.6
91.4
96.6
95.6
100.0
104.9
104.1
99.0
113.2
118.1
126.0
129.7
135.4
135.6
136.1
135.6
86.2
90.0
80.1
81.3
79.2
80.8
84.1
91.3
93.7
95.4
92.8
94.8
96.7
100.0
107.9
101.1
106.5
118.3
115.9
120.7
141.8
126.7
131.9
129.0
131.6
72.9
77.3
72.9
75.0
75.3
79.3
76.1
83.2
85.5
91.6
92.3
96.5
97.2
100.0
107.8
104.3
99.2
112.7
117.4
124.1
130.3
124.4
130.3
132.7
134.7
70.0
74.6
71.1
73.4
74.2
78.8
74.2
81.3
83.6
90.5
91.9
96.7
97.3
100.0
107.8
105.5
98.1
111.6
117.5
124.6
127.3
123.4
129.5
133.5
135.2
87.6
91.0
81.0
82.4
79.9
81.4
85.0
92.0
94.4
96.2
94.0
95.6
96.8
100.0
108.0
99.7
103.8
117.4
117.0
122.1
143.5
128.3
134.0
129.7
132.5
2.9
.5
3.0
.9
2.3
-1.3
2.9
1.3
3.0
2.0
2.3
-1.5
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 76. Paper and plastic bags (SIC 2643): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955
1956
1957
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973 .................................
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
52.4
57.3
58.1
60.9
63.4
69.0
67.4
71.0
73.9
83.7
86.9
91.5
98.9
100.0
110.4
111.7
114.0
122.4
123.3
132.7
145.1
131.1
142.7
139.6
144.0
71.8
74.9
79.1
81.4
83.0
86.2
83.3
82.5
83.6
90.7
94.8
95.0
103.2
100.0
104.6
107.9
113.6
107.2
104.7
106.1
110.1
98.1
105.7
103.7
106.8
74.3
77.4
80.6
82.9
83.6
86.4
84.0
83.6
84.7
91.4
95.1
94.7
103.4
100.0
105.2
107.3
115.1
108.1
104.4
105.3
111.9
96.8
105.2
102.6
106.2
60.8
63.7
72.5
74.9
80.1
85.4
80.1
77.8
78.9
87.7
93.6
96.5
102.3
100.0
102.3
110.5
107.0
103.5
106.4
109.9
102.3
103.5
108.2
108.2
109.4
71.9
74.1
79.7
81.2
84.2
87.0
88.6
85.3
86.4
91.4
94.2
94.8
101.7
100.0
102.4
107.1
114.9
108.6
105.0
106.9
111.4
105.4
109.5
105.2
106.9
74.9
76.8
81.7
83.0
85.4
87.6
90.8
87.3
88.4
92.5
94.6
94.6
101.6
100.0
102.4
105.9
116.2
109.7
104.9
106.5
114.0
106.2
110.2
104.6
106.5
59.8
63.0
71.7
73.9
79.3
84.8
79.3
77.2
78.3
87.0
92.4
95.7
102.2
100.0
102.2
112.0
109.8
104.3
105.4
108.7
101.1
102.2
106.5
107.6
108.7
4.6
.5
1.7
-.1
1.5
-.5
2.2
1.8
1.7
-.8
1.6
-1.5
2.3
2.0
' Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
87
Chart 40. Folding paperboard boxes (SIC 2651): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
88
Table 77. Folding paperboard boxes (SIC 2651): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1963-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee '
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
93.6
95.7
90.7
91.3
100.0
105.9
103.0
95.5
104.3
113.1
114.1
120.4
119.9
124.4
120.3
122.3
127.5
93.0
94.9
90.1
90.7
100.0
104.7
101.7
95.3
104.9
113.1
114.0
121.8
122.8
126.1
121.1
123.4
129.2
96.8
99.3
93.4
94.2
‘ 100.0
111.5
109.4
96.3
101.7
113.0
114.5
114.8
108.2
117.6
116.1
117.1
119.7
93.0
96.1
91.2
91.6
100.0
105.6
101.9
92.7
101.2
110.2
111.0
116.8
117.2
123.2
116.9
119.0
121.1
92.1
95.2
90.7
91.0
100.0
104.4
100.6
92.5
101.4
109.3
110.0
117.2
119.6
124.5
117.0
119.4
121.3
96.8
100.2
93.6
94.2
100.0
110.9
107.3
93.5
100.4
113.5
114.9
115.2
108.8
118.4
116.7
117.3
120.3
2.2
.9
2.4
.8
1.5
1.2
1.9
.5
2.1
.3
1.5
1.2
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Paperboard
Packaging Council, the Bureau of the Census, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 78. Folding paperboard boxes (SIC 2651): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1963-79
(1967 = 100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .......... ......................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 ‘ ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
96.8
97.1
95.5
100.9
100.0
104.1
110.6
91.6
92.2
101.9
102.0
102.3
91.1
101.5
106.0
110.1
111.8
103.4
101.5
105.3
110.5
100.0
98.3
107.4
95.9
88.4
90.1
89.4
85.0
76.0
81.6
88.1
90.0
87.7
104.1
102.3
106.0
111.2
100.0
99.4
108.8
96.1
87.9
90.1
89.5
84.0
74.2
80.5
87.5
89.2
86.5
100.0
97.8
102.2
107.1
100.0
93.4
101.1
95.1
90.7
90.2
89.1
89.1
84.2
86.3
91.3
94.0
93.4
104.1
101.0
104.7
110.1
100.0
98.6
108.5
98.8
91.1
92.5
91.9
87.6
77.7
82.4
90.7
92.5
92.3
105.1
102.0
105.3
110.9
100.0
99.7
109.9
99.0
90.9
93.2
92.7
87.3
76.2
81.5
90.6
92.2
92.2
100.0
96.9
102.0
107.1
100.0
93.9
103.1
98.0
91.8
89.8
88.8
88.8
83.7
85.7
90.8
93.9
92.9
.5
3.1
-1.6
2.1
-1.8
2.3
-.9
1.8
-1.4
2.5
-1.5
2.8
-.9
1.8
’ Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
Employees
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Paperboard
Packaging Council, the Bureau of the Census, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
89
Chart 41. Corrugated and solid fiber boxes (SIC 2653): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
30
—1 70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
-
80
—
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
90
Table 79. Corrugated and solid fiber boxes (SIC 2653): Indexes on output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour '
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
76.4
77.6
77.2
81.6
82.7
88.2
90.0
92.8
96.6
100.0
103.6
106.0
111.8
118.5
121.6
130.2
137.7
142.2
148.0
144.0
149.0
149.9
76.3
76.2
76.5
80.7
81.4
87.9
89.8
92.7
94.8
100.0
103.1
105.5
112.8
120.8
123.0
130.9
143.2
151.8
154.9
151.1
155.7
157.3
76.7
83.1
79.5
84.5
88.0
89.5
90.8
93.7
103.4
100.0
105.8
107.6
108.3
110.8
117.4
127.4
121.7
116.8
128.7
124.4
130.4
129.1
75.9
78.6
76.5
82.0
83.8
88.8
92.6
95.9
98.6
100.0
104.2
106.2
107.6
114.6
120.4
128.3
128.5
134.2
141.8
138.9
143.0
141.8
75.4
77.2
75.5
81.1
82.5
88.6
93.0
96.5
97.2
100.0
103.8
106.4
108.4
116.3
121.2
128.1
130.6
140.8
145.9
144.2
147.6
146.1
77.2
83.6
80.1
84.8
88.4
89.9
91.7
94.2
103.5
100.0
105.5
105.9
105.1
109.8
118.1
129.0
122.6
117.7
130.4
125.0
130.9
130.1
3.7
1.5
4.1
1.5
2.6
1.7
3.4
1.9
3.6
2.0
2.6
1.7
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 ............. ...................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Fiber Box Association, and the Bureau of the
Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Table 80. Corrugated and solid fiber boxes (SIC 2653): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employment, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976
1977
1978
1979 '
Average annual percent
change.
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
55.3
63.0
63.0
67.3
71.9
76.2
82.4
89.5
97.6
100.0
108.1
115.5
116.0
121.2
133.8
145.0
136.3
123.6
138.5
145.2
155.9
158.7
72.4
81.2
81.6
82.5
86.9
86.4
91.6
96.4
101.0
100.0
104.3
109.0
103.8
102.3
110.0
111.4
99.0
86.9
93.6
100.8
104.6
105.9
72.5
82.7
82.3
83.4
88.3
86.7
91.8
96.6
102.9
100.0
104.9
109.5
102.8
100.3
108.8
110.8
95.2
81.4
89.4
96.1
100.1
100.9
72.1
75.8
79.2
79.6
81.7
85.1
90.7
95.5
94.4
100.0
102.2
107.3
107.1
109.4
114.0
113.8
112.0
105.8
107.6
116.7
119.6
122.9
72.9
80.2
82.3
82.1
85.8
85.8
89.0
93.3
99.0
100.0
103.7
108.8
107.8
105.8
111.1
113.0
106.1
92.1
97.7
104.5
109.0
111.9
73.3
81.6
83.4
83.0
87.2
86.0
88.6
92.7
100.4
100.0
104.1
108.6
107.0
104.2
110.4
113.2
104.4
87.8
94.9
100.7
105.6
108.6
71.6
75.4
78.7
79.4
81.3
84.8
89.9
95.0
94.3
100.0
102.5
109.1
110.4
110.4
113.3
112.4
111.2
105.0
106.2
116.2
119.1
122.0
5.1
4.4
1.3
2.8
.9
2.8
2.4
2.6
1.6
2.4
1.4
2.3
2.4
2.7
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Fiber Box Association, and the Bureau
of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
91
Chart 42. Synthetic fibers (SIC 2823, 2824): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
220
190
160
130
100
70
40
220
190
160
130
100
70
40
220
190
160
130
100
-j
70
i
J
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
92
40
Table 81. Synthetic fibers (SIC 2823y 2824): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1957-79
(1967=100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
Index:
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1957-79.......... .................
1974-79............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
68.6
65.9
75.4
72.1
77.5
85.0
84.3
89.8
92.8
93.3
100.0
115.7
116.8
119.5
140.7
162.2
176.8
173.1
187.2
198.4
221.0
231.7
251.9
67.4
67.2
73.8
71.9
77.7
83.6
85.0
89.8
91.9
94.7
100.0
112.9
114.5
119.1
137.8
157.0
170.4
170.9
192.0
203.6
221.0
230.4
246.0
72.2
62.1
81.0
72.8
76.7
89.9
82.2
89.6
95.0
89.6
100.0
124.9
124.6
121.1
150.0
180.9
200.2
180.6
173.4
183.4
221.0
235.5
271.0
68.1
66.0
75.9
71.3
77.0
85.2
85.3
91.7
93.7
93.7
100.0
117.5
118.1
118.9
139.8
163.5
179.0
172.2
182.5
193.3
218.9
230.2
249.7
66.4
67.1
73.8
70.4
76.9
83.6
86.1
92.0
93.2
95.2
100.0
114.8
115.9
118.2
136.7
158.6
172.3
168.7
184.6
195.3
217.2
227.5
241.9
73.5
63.1
82.2
73.6
77.0
90.4
82.7
90.5
95.4
89.7
100.0
125.9
124.9
120.8
149.7
179.6
201.2
183.3
176.3
187.2
223.6
238.4
275.9
6.4
7.8
6.4
7.3
6.5
9.4
6.4
8.0
6.3
7.5
6.5
9.3
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Textile Economics Bureau, Inc. and the Bureau
of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and
the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Table 82. Synthetic fibers (SIC 2823, 2824): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1957-79
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 ....
1978 ....
1979 1 .
Average annual percent
change:
1957-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
49.7
45.4
54.2
51.0
53.6
64.0
68.4
78.4
89.9
98.2
100.0
127.0
131.9
129.7
149.7
174.9
197.8
196.0
176.3
186.5
205.3
215.0
232.0
72.4
68.9
71.9
70.7
69.2
75.3
81.1
87.3
96.9
105.2
100.0
109.8
112.9
108.5
106.4
107.8
111.9
113.2
94.2
94.0
92.9
92.8
92.1
73.7
67.6
73.4
70.9
69.0
76.6
80.5
87.3
97.8
103.7
100.0
112.5
115.2
108.9
108.6
111.4
116.1
114.7
91.8
91.6
92.9
93.3
94.3
68.8
73.1
66.9
70.1
69.9
71.2
83.2
87.5
94.6
109.6
100.0
101.7
105.9
107.1
99.8
96.7
98.8
108.5
101.7
101.7
92.9
91.3
85.6
73.0
68.8
71.4
71.5
69.6
75.1
80.2
85.5
95.9
104.8
100.0
108.1
111.7
109.1
107.1
107.0
110.5
113.8
96.6
96.5
93.8
93.4
92.9
74.9
67.7
73.4
72.4
69.7
76.6
79.4
85.2
96.5
103.2
100.0
110.6
113.8
109.7
109.5
110.3
114.8
116.2
95.5
95.5
94.5
94.5
95.9
67.6
72.0
65.9
69.3
69.6
70.8
82.7
86.6
94.2
109.5
100.0
100.9
105.6
107.4
100.0
97.4
98.3
106.9
100.0
99.6
91.8
90.2
84.1
8.3
4.5
1.8
-3.1
1.8
-2.6
1.7
-4.5
1.8
-3.2
1.9
-2.8
1.7
-4.4
' Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Textile Economics Bureau, Inc. and the
Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of
the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
93
Chart 43. Pharmaceutical preparations (SIC 2834): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
—i 220
200
180
160
140
-
120
-
100
80
60
220
200
180
160
140
120
—
100
—
80
60
220
200
180
160
140
120
-
-
100
80
60
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
94
Table 83. Pharmaceutical preparations (SIC 2834): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1963-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
82.1
83.9
90.9
94.1
100.0
106.3
113.4
116.2
125.7
134.9
132.1
141.3
145.2
155.2
158.2
149.6
150.3
82.5
83.0
90.7
93.4
100.0
107.2
112.2
118.0
134.8
143.5
143.0
152.4
160.3
167.7
171.5
167.7
163.1
84.5
86.9
93.1
97.6
100.0
108.8
115.6
120.2
129.1
138.0
133.9
142.2
143.4
155.2
158.9
153.1
152.9
84.7
85.8
92.7
96.9
100.0
109.6
114.5
121.9
138.3
146.7
144.8
153.2
158.2
167.7
172.3
171.5
165.9
84.1
88.1
93.5
98.5
100.0
107.7
116.9
118.3
119.7
128.9
122.9
131.0
129.0
142.6
145.5
135.7
139.8
4.4
1.2
5.2
1.4
4.2
1.7
5.1
1.9
3.3
1.4
Index:
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment and
hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to
the specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
Table 84. Pharmaceutical preparations (SIC 2834): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1963-79
(1967 = 100)
V
A OV
Year
Index:
1963 .................................
1964
1965
1966
1967 .................................
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972 .................................
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 ' ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Employee hours
Employees
Output
All employees
Production workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
70.5
76.8
86.3
94.1
100.0
109.1
122.2
131.9
143.8
151.5
158.7
168.2
172.6
188.7
196.9
205.1
211.0
85.9
91.5
94.9
100.0
100.0
102.6
107.8
113.5
114.4
112.3
120.1
119.0
118.9
121.6
124.5
137.1
140.4
85.5
92.5
95.2
100.7
100.0
101.8
108.9
111.8
106.7
105.6
111.0
110.4
107.7
112.5
114.8
122.3
129.4
83.4
88.4
92.7
96.4
100.0
100.3
105.7
109.7
111.4
109.8
118.5
118.3
120.4
121.6
123.9
134.0
138.0
83.2
89.5
93.1
97.1
100.0
99.5
106.7
108.2
104.0
103.3
109.6
109.8
109,1
112.5
114.3
119.6
127.2
83.8
87.2
92.3
95.5
100.0
101.3
104.5
111.5
120.1
117.5
129.1
128.4
133.8
132.3
135.3
151.1
150.9
7.2
5.0
2.7
3.7
1.8
3.5
2.8
3.2
2.0
3.0
3.7
3.5
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
95
Chart 44. Soaps and detergents (SIC 2841): Output per hour and related data, 1967-78
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
-
70
—
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
H
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
96
Table 85. Soaps and detergents (SIC 2841): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 ................................
1965 ................................
1966 ................................
1967 ................................
1968 ................................
1969 ................................
1970 ................................
1971 ................................
1972 ................................
1973 ................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 ................................
1977 .................................
1978 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
77.7
84.4
81.7
82.6
83.9
90.7
90.7
88.1
94.2
100.0
101.1
101.1
105.7
108.6
120.0
127.5
132.7
123.3
127.0
127.0
132.0
78.3
85.4
81.5
81.7
81.7
87.5
88.3
87.0
94.0
100.0
102.4
104.1
110.4
114.8
125.1
134.4
139.6
129.0
135.0
136.4
138.5
76.3
82.2
82.0
84.2
89.7
,.98.8
96.5
90.7
94.6
100.0
98.2
95.0
96.3
96.5
110.1
114.2
119.3
112.1
112.0
109.8
. 119.5
77.2
84.2
81.7
83.1
84.1
90.4
90.3
88.1
94.7
100.0
101.0
101.4
105.6
107.2
120.8
129.0
134.0
125.0
129.6
129.9
135.9
77.2
84.6
81.3
82.4
81.7
86.9
87.6
86.8
94.9
100.0
102.4
105.1
111.0
113.4
126.9
136.7
140.6
130.5
138.1
140.4
143.4
77.3
83.3
82.6
84.7
89.7
98.8
96.5
90.7
94.6
100.0
98.1
94.5
95.8
96.0
109.9
115.4
122.0
114.8
114.6
112.3
122.2
2.9
.2
3.3
.4
1.9
-.2
3.0
.7
3.5
1.1
2.0
-.2
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
? Preliminary.
Table 86. Soaps and detergents (SIC 2841): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959
..................
............................
1960
1961 ...............................
1962 .................................
1963
..................
1964 .................................
1965
........................
1966 .................................
.............................
1967
1968 ..............................
1969
....................
1970 ..............................
1971 .................................
1972
.............................
1973 .................................
1974
....................
1975 ................................
.....................
t976
1977 .................................
1978 1
...................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
64.7
71.8
71.9
75.7
78.8
85.2
88.7
88.5
93.8
100.0
106.0
109.9
115.3
111.7
125.9
135.1
137.9
125.0
132.3
136.0
145.1
83.3
85.1
88.0
91.7
93.9
93.9
97.8
100.4
99.6
100.0
104.8
108.7
109.1
102.9
104.9
106.0
103.9
101.4
104.2
107.1
109.9
82.6
84.1
88.2
92.6
96.5
97.4
100.4
101.7
99.8
100.0
103.5
105.6
104.4
97.3
100.6
100.5
98.8
96.9
98.0
99.7
104.8
84.8
87.3
87.7
89.9
87.8
86.2
91.9
97.6
99.2
100.0
107.9
115.7
119.7
115.7
114.3
118.3
115.6
111.5
118.1
123.9
121.4
83.8
85.3
88.0
91.1
93.7
94.2
98.2
100.5
99.0
100.0
105.0
108.4
109.2
104.2
104.2
104.7
102.9
100.0
102.1
104.7
106.8
83.8
84.9
88.4
91.9
96.5
98.1
101.2
101.9
98.8
100.0
103.5
104.6
103.9
98.5
99.2
98.8
98.1
95.8
95.8
96.9
101.2
83.7
86.2
87.0
89.4
87.8
86.2
91.9
97.6
99.2
100.0
108.1
116.3
120.3
116.3
114.6
117.1
113.0
108.9
115.4
121.1
118.7
4.0
1.9
1.1
1.7
.7
1.5
2.1
2.1
1.0
1.2
.5
.7
2.0
2.1
i preliminary.
NOTE. Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau
of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
97
Chart 45. Paints and allied products (SIC 2851): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
—
90
—
80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
—
'
80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
H
90
80
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
98
Table 87. Paints and allied products (SIC 2851): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour '
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
75.1
82.0
88.2
86.0
89.7
92.6
98.5
99.6
104.4
100.0
110.0
113.8
101.7
114.4
119.5
112.1
123.7
129.1
133.2
137.2
144.2
150.9
73.6
80.7
86.4
84.6
88.2
91.9
96.7
98.8
103.1
100.0
110.0
112.3
100.8
115.9
117.9
110.8
126.5
137.5
138.9
139.9
148.2
158.5
77.3
83.7
90.7
87.8
91.8
93.8
101.2
100.7
106.2
100.0
110.1
115.8
102.9
112.5
121.8
114.2
120.2
119.5
126.5
133.6
139.4
142.0
75.7
82.2
88.2
86.0
91.0
93.6
100.5
100.5
105.1
100.0
110.4
113.3
100.8
112.1
119.3
109.8
123.4
128.1
133.7
137.5
143.9
150.4
73.6
80.0
85.4
84.1
90.1
93.1
99.4
99.9
104.3
100.0
109.9
111.2
99.5
112.3
118.3
105.9
124.5
134.3
137.8
139.2
146.5
155.6
78.4
84.8
91.6
88.3
92.3
94.2
102.1
101.1
106.2
100.0
110.9
115.8
102.6
112.0
120.7
114.9
122.1
121.5
129.2
135.5
141.1
144.6
2.9
4.0
3.2
4.0
2.5
3.9
2.8
4.0
3.1
4.0
2.5
3.9
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 88. Paints and allied products (SIC 2851): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 ' ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
67.3
75.5
78.9
75.9
80.2
86.8
92.8
99.1
106.9
100.0
108.7
114.3
108.8
115.4
123.1
119.1
125.4
120.2
126.5
132.1
138.6
145.0
89.6
92.1
89.5
88.3
89.4
93.7
94.2
99.5
102.4
100.0
98.8
100.4
107.0
100.9
103.0
106.2
101.4
93.1
95.0
96.3
96.1
96.1
91.5
93.6
91.3
89.7
90.9
94.5
96.0
100.3
103.7
100.0
98.8
101.8
107.9
99.6
104.4
107.5
99.1
87.4
91.1
94.4
93.5
91.5
87.1
90.2
87.0
86.4
87.4
92.5
91.7
98.4
100.7
100.0
98.7
98.7
105.7
102.6
101.1
104.3
104.3
100.6
100.0
98.9
99.4
102.1
88.9
91.9
89.5
88.3
88.1
92.7
92.3
98.6
101.7
100.0
98.5
100.9
107.9
102.9
103.2
108.5
101.6
93.8
94.6
96.1
96.3
96.4
91.4
94.4
92.4
90.2
89.0
93.2
93.4
99.2
102.5
100.0
98.9
102.8
109.4
102.8
104.1
112.5
100.7
89.5
91.8
94.9
94.6
93.2
85.8
89.0
86.1
86.0
86.9
92.1
90.9
98.0
100.7
100.0
98.0
98.7
106.0
103.0
102.0
103.7
102.7
98.9
97.9
97.5
98.2
100.3
3.3
3.5
.4
-.5
.1
-.5
.8
-.4
.5
-.5
.3
-.5
.8
-.4
Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
NOTE. Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
differ from those previously published.
99
Chart 46. Petroleum refining (SIC 2911): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Rotio scale
-
160
150
140
130
-
120
—
-
|
110
100
90
80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
100
Table 89. Petroleum refining (SIC 2911): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee
Output per hour 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
44.7
48.9
50.9
51.0
53.6
60.2
62.7
67.5
73.5
79.1
83.4
90.5
97.7
100.0
102.4
105.3
104.8
109.5
120.5
132.4
121.4
123.7
128.3
136.8
138.2
135.1
43.1
47.1
49.1
49.9
52.5
59.1
62.1
67.1
73.5
78.5
83.0
89.9
97.1
100.0
103.1
109.1
106.6
112.3
121.9
135.7
121.8
126.9
130.4
140.1
140.6
136.8
49.6
54.7
56.9
54.6
56.8
63.6
64.7
68.9
73.9
80.5
84.8
92.1
99.5
100.0
100.6
96.4
100.6
102.8
117.0
124.3
120.4
115.7
123.1
128.7
132.3
130.4
44.2
48.5
50.6
50.7
52.5
59.3
62.2
66.8
72.9
77.7
83.1
89.5
97.0
100.0
103.2
109.2
106.3
110.2
121.2
131.4
121.8
123.0
131.3
138.9
143.2
141.1
42.1
46.3
48.3
49.2
50.8
57.6
61.2
66.0
72.4
76.5
82.2
88.4
96.0
100.0
103.9
111.7
107.6
112.1
121.5
133.0
121.3
125.2
133.4
142.5
146.9
144.7
50.3
55.1
57.4
55.0
57.2
64.1
65.1
69.0
74.3
81.0
85.7
92.7
99.4
100.0
101.7
103.7
103.3
105.8
120.3
127.6
122.9
118.1
126.4
131.0
134.7
133.1
5.0
2.7
5.4
2.8
4.0
2.4
5.1
3.6
5.4
4.2
4.1
2.4
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79............................
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Energy Information Administration, U S.
Department of Energy; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on
data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
‘ The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Table 90. Petroleum refining (SIC 2911): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 ' ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
63.4
68.6
73.0
73.2
71.9
76.3
78.7
80.6
84.0
86.2
88.7
91.2
95.9
100.0
103.6
105.4
107.3
110.2
114.5
120.6
117.4
115.9
125.1
133.5
136.5
135.6
141.9
140.4
143.4
143.4
134.2
126.8
125.5
119.4
114.3
109.0
106.3
100.8
98.2
100.0
101.2
100.1
102.4
100.6
95.0
91.1
96.7
93.7
97.5
97.6
98.8
100.4
147.0
145.8
148.8
146.6
136.9
129.2
126.8
120.1
114.3
109.8
106.9
101.4
98.8
100.0
100.5
96.6
100.7
98.1
93.9
88.9
96.4
91.3
95.9
95.3
97.1
99.1
127.7
125.3
128.3
134.1
126.6
119.9
121.6
117.0
113.7
107.1
104.6
99.0
96.4
100.0
103.0
109.3
106.7
107.2
97.9
97.0
97.5
100.2
101.6
103.7
103.2
104.0
143.6
141.4
144.3
144.3
136.9
128.6
126.5
120.6
115.3
110.9
106.7
101.9
98.9
100.0
100.4
96.5
100.9
100.0
94.5
91.8
96.4
94.2
95.3
96.1
95.3
96.1
150.6
148.2
151.1
148.9
141.4
132.4
128.6
122.1
116.1
112.7
107.9
103.2
99.9
100.0
99.7
94.4
99.7
98.3
94.2
90.7
96.8
92.6
93.8
93.7
92.9
93.7
126.1
124.6
127.1
133.0
125.7
119.1
120.8
116.8
113.0
106.4
103.5
98.4
96.5
100.0
101.9
101.6
103.9
104.2
95.2
94.5
95.5
98.1
99.0
101.9
101.3
101.9
3.3
3.7
-1.6
1.0
-2.0
.9
-.7
1.2
-1.7
.1
-2.0
-.4
-.7
1.3
' Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Energy Information Administration, U.S.
Department of Energy; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based
on data fro m the Bureau o f the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
101
Chart 47. Tires and inner tubes (SIC 3011): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
102
Table 91. Tires and inner tubes (SIC 3011): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour ’
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 ................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
54.5
58.0
57.9
61.0
63.5
70.5
72.2
74.5
82.0
88.2
96.2
98.2
100.3
100.0
106.9
103.3
105.9
114.0
118.2
116.7
116.3
115.7
127.6
130.0
139.9
143.9
53.2
54.8
56.3
59.6
62.9
68.2
70.9
74.4
79.8
86.7
94.4
96.7
98.3
100.0
105.7
101.8
107.8
114.6
116.7
117.1
117.3
119.5
134.6
129.3
136.9
142.7
59.4
72.7
64.1
66.6
65.6
79.2
76.8
75.1
90.8
93.4
102.6
103.7
107.6
100.0
111.4
108.9
100.0
112.0
123.5
115.6
112.8
104.0
108.1
132.4
151.0
148.3
53.9
63.1
58.6
62.2
63.8
72.1
73.4
75.8
86.4
91.0
102.1
104.9
107.2
100.0
114.8
112.0
108.5
117.1
124.5
119.9
120.9
116.8
119.6
135.9
145.5
147.1
52.0
60.4
56.7
60.5
62.8
69.7
72.1
75.9
84.9
90.2
101.6
105.0
107.1
100.0
114.5
111.6
109.6
117.5
124.1
119.8
121.5
119.4
121.5
135.1
142.3
144.8
61.2
74.4
65.9
68.4
67.4
81.2
78.2
75.6
91.4
93.9
103.5
104.3
107.6
100.0
115.6
113.5
104.9
116.0
126.0
120.0
118.4
109.1
113.8
138.4
157.8
155.6
3.7
4.8
4.0
3.9
2.9
8.0
3.7
5.2
4.0
4.4
2.9
7.9
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Rubber Manufacturers Association, and the
Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Table 92. Tires and inner tubes (SIC 3011): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ..............................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 ................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 ................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 ..............................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 ..............................
1972 ..............................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 ................................
1978 ..............................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ........................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
55.2
68.8
63.6
66.6
61.5
73.5
72.8
70.5
80.4
83.7
94.5
100.3
107.6
100.0
121.6
124.2
117.7
132.4
144.4
148.2
152.9
133.7
134.1
167.1
161.4
157.0
101.3
118.7
109.8
109.1
96.8
104.3
100.9
94.6
98.0
94.9
98.2
102.1
107.3
100.0
113.7
120.2
111.1
116.1
122.2
127.0
131.5
115.6
105.1
128.5
115.4
109.1
103.7
125.6
112.9
111.7
97.7
107.7
102.7
94.8
100.8
96.5
100.1
103.7
109.5
100.0
115.0
122.0
109.2
115.5
123.7
126.6
130.3
111.9
99.6
129.2
117.9
110.0
93.0
94.7
99.2
100.0
93.7
92.8
94.8
93.9
88.5
89.6
92.1
96.7
100.0
100.0
109.2
114.1
117.7
118.2
116.9
128.2
135.6
128.5
124.1
126.2
106.9
105.9
102.4
109.1
108.6
107.0
96.4
102.0
99.2
93.0
93.1
92.0
92.6
95.6
100.4
100.0
105.9
110.9
108.5
113.1
116.0
123.6
126.5
114.5
112.1
123.0
110.9
106.7
106.2
114.0
112.2
110.0
98.0
105.4
101.0
92.9
94.7
92.8
93.0
95.5
100.5
100.0
106.2
111.3
107.4
112.7
116.4
123.7
125.8
112.0
110.4
123.7
113.4
108.4
90.2
92.5
96.5
97.3
91.3
90.5
93.1
93.3
88.0
89.1
91.3
96.2
100.0
100.0
105.2
109.4
112.2
114.1
114.6
123.5
129.1
122.5
117.8
120.7
102.3
100.9
4.1
2.7
.4
-2.1
.1
-1.2
1.2
-4.9
.3
-2.4
.1
-1.7
1.2
-4.9
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Rubber Manufacturers Association and the
Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
Employees
103
Chart 48. Footwear (SIC 314): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
-
130
120
110
100
90
-
80
-
70
-
60
50
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
104
Table 93. Footwear (SIC 314): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee '
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
84.3
88.2
89.8
91.5
93.5
98.4
97.2
97.5
98.8
102.3
102.0
101.4
102.6
100.0
103.6
96.7
103.9
105.9
103.1
102.0
100.3
104.8
105.5
103.3
106.0
107.1
84.3
88.1
90.0
92.0
94.4
98.6
98.0
98.3
99.0
102.3
101.7
101.2
102.6
100.0
103.6
97.4
105.3
108.0
104.9
104.2
103.4
107.6
108.1
106.0
108.3
111.5
83.9
88.1
87.1
85.4
85.6
94.5
89.1
90.2
96.0
101.6
103.7
102.2
101.7
100.0
104.3
90.4
92.3
89.8
88.7
85.2
77.7
83.1
85.9
83.0
88.6
78.3
81.4
88.3
88.6
89.3
90.8
97.5
94.9
94.9
97.1
100.9
102.6
101.4
103.1
100.0
104.4
95.5
102.9
104.9
104.4
101.7
98.3
102.0
103.1
100.3
101.8
101.4
80.9
87.9
88.5
89.5
91.2
97.6
95.3
S5.3
97.1
100.8
102.4
101.2
103.4
100.0
104.4
96.0
103.8
106.4
106.0
103.4
100.7
104.1
104.9
102.2
103.1
104.1
85.9
89.7
89.1
87.3
87.4
96.6
90.5
90.7
96.3
101.9
104.5
102.6
101.7
100.0
104.3
91.3
94.4
92.4
91.3
88.1
80.3
86.0
89.1
85.4
91.3
81.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
.2
.6
1.1
.3
1.1
.3
.2
.5
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976
1977
1978
1979 2
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 94. Footwear (SIC 314): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1
..................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
88.8
97.7
99.0
99.5
97.7
107.4
102.4
102.8
104.8
101.8
103.8
104.7
107.4
100.0
106.4
95.0
93.5
88.2
87.2
81.9
75.5
70.5
73.1
69.2
69.4
66.0
105.4
110.8
110.3
108.8
104.5
109.2
105.4
105.4
106.1
99.5
101.8
103.3
104.7
100.0
102.7
98.2
90.0
83.3
84.6
80.3
75.3
67.3
69.3
67.0
65.5
61.6
105.4
110.9
110.0
108.1
103.5
108.9
104.5
104.6
105.9
99.5
102.1
103.5
104.7
100.0
102.7
97.5
88.8
81.7
83.1
78.6
73.0
65.5
67.6
65.3
64.1
59.2
105.9
110.9
113.7
116.5
114.2
113.7
114.9
114.0
109.2
100.2
100.1
102.4
105.6
100.0
102.0
105.1
101.3
98.2
98.3
96.1
97.2
84.8
85.1
83.4
78.3
84.3
109.1
110.7
111.8
111.4
107.6
110.1
107.9
108.3
107.9
100.9
101.2
103.3
104.2
100.0
101.9
99.5
90.9
84.1
83.5
80.5
76.8
69.1
70.9
69.0
68.2
65.1
109.7
111.1
111.9
111.2
107.1
110.0
107.4
107.9
107.9
101.0
101.4
103.5
103.9
100.0
101.9
99.0
90.1
82.9
82.3
79.2
75.0
67.7
69.7
67.7
67.3
63.4
103.4
108.9
111.1
114.0
111.8
111.2
113.1
113.4
108.8
99.9
99.3
102.0
105.6
100.0
102.0
104.0
99.0
95.5
95.5
93.0
94.0
82.0
82.0
81.0
76.0
81.5
-.6
-2.2
-1.7
-3.1
-1.8
-3.2
-.9
-2.7
-1.7
-2.5
-1.8
-2.5
-.9
-2.7
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment
and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
105
Chart 49. Glass containers (SIC 3221): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
itio sc
i 150
■
140
■
130
■ 120
■ 110
- 100
■
90
■
80
1 150
■
140
■
130
• 120
■ 110
■ 100
-
90
■
80
■
150
140
■
130
■
■ 120
■ 110
■ 100
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Lab
106
■
90
■
80
Table 95. Glass containers (SIC 3221): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
78.4
81.6
81.8
81.5
78.7
83.6
81.6
83.2
86.3
89.4
91.8
97.6
97.4
100.0
105.2
108.5
106.1
107.8
107.7
112.9
121.6
120.9
121.2
124.0
125.8
127.1
78.5
81.2
81.5
81.4
79.2
83.8
81.8
83.1
86.5
89.3
91.9
97.7
97.4
100.0
106.7
109.5
106.8
109.3
108.9
114.5
122.8
122.5
121.9
125.3
126.6
129.2
77.6
84.4
84.3
82.5
74.1
81.8
79.4
82.9
84.0
89.2
90.9
95.9
97.2
100.0
94.2
99.9
100.1
96.1
98.1
100.9
112.2
108.3
114.7
113.1
118.9
112.3
77.8
81.9
82.9
81.7
78.7
82.3
81.5
82.3
86.1
89.1
92.4
96.7
97.2
100.0
102.6
106.4
105.3
106.4
107.0
109.8
118.0
114.1
119.1
118.9
122.9
124.5
77.6
81.4
82.5
81.5
79.2
82.3
81.7
82.2
86.3
89.0
92.5
96.7
97.1
100.0
103.6
106.7
105.1
107.0
107.6
110.8
118.9
115.1
119.9
119.9
123.7
126.4
78.9
85.3
85.4
83.5
75.1
82.7
80.2
83.4
84.6
89.8
92.0
96.6
97.5
100.0
95.7
104.1
107.0
101.2
101.6
102.1
110.4
106.6
113.4
110.9
116.5
110.5
1.9
1.1
2.0
1.1
1.3
.8
1.8
1.4
1.8
1.5
1.2
.7
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 96. Glass containers (SIC 3221): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Output
All employees
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Production workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
57.6
62.7
64.3
66.4
64.8
69.4
71.5
74.2
77.5
80.1
83.7
89.2
93.9
100.0
98.3
114.1
117.3
115.1
116.9
120.3
119.5
119.7
127.3
126.1
134.1
130.2
73.5
76.8
78.6
81.5
82.3
83.0
87.6
89.2
89.8
89.6
91.2
91.4
96.4
100.0
93.4
105.2
110.6
106.8
108.5
106.6
98.3
99.0
105.0
101.7
106.6
102.4
73.4
77.2
78.9
81.6
81.8
82.8
87.4.
89.3
89.6
89.7
91.1
91.3
96.4
100.0
92.1
104.2
109.8
105.3
107.3
105.1
97.3
97.7
104.4
100.6
105.9
100.8
74.2
74.3
76.3
80.5
87.4
84.8
90.0
89.5
92.3
89.8
92.1
93.0
96.6
100.0
104.3
114.2
117.2
119.8
119.2
119.2
106.5
110.5
111.0
111.5
112.8
115.9
74.0
76.6
77.6
81.3
82.3
84.3
87.7
90.2
90.0
89.9
90.6
92.2
96.6
100.0
95.8
107.2
111.4
108.2
109.3
109.6
101.3
104.9
106.9
106.1
109.1
104.6
74.2
77.0
77.9
81.5
81.8
84.3
87.5
90.3
89.8
90.0
90.5
92.2
96.7
100.0
94.9
106.9
111.6
107.6
108.6
108.6
100.5
104.0
106.2
105.2
108.4
103.0
73.0
73.5
75.3
79.5
86.3
83.9
89.1
89.0
91.6
89.2
91.0
92.3
96.3
100.0
102.7
109.6
109.6
113.7
115.1
117.8
108.2
112.3
112.3
113.7
115.1
117.8
3.6
2.2
1.6
1.1
1.5
1.1
2.2
1.4
1.8
.8
1.7
.7
2.3
1.5
' Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment
and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
107
Chart 50. Hydraulic cement (SIC 3241): Output per hour and related data, 1967*79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
-
70
- 1 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
108
Table 97. Hydraulic cement (SIC 3241): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee
1
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .......... ......................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79............................
1974-79............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
60.8
64.2
67.6
65.6
67.8
72.7
71.9
79.6
84.4
89.4
92.4
95.2
99.8
100.0
110.9
112.3
110.3
121.5
123.7
129.7
119.0
110.6
120.7
131.6
132.4
128.5
57.0
59.9
62.9
61.6
64.7
68.7
68.7
76.4
81.3
87.3
91.8
94.7
99.6
100.0
110.1
111.8
111.3
121.9
122.9
129.2
118.4
111.6
122.0
132.1
132.3
127.0
85.6
94.9
100.3
92.4
86.3
98.1
91.6
96.9
101.0
100.2
95.7
97.7
101.2
100.0
114.1
114.4
106.3
120.1
126.9
132.6
121.9
106.4
115.0
130.1
133.6
135.8
63.4
67.2
69.8
64.9
68.2
74.2
72.6
79.4
84.4
89.9
94.3
95.7
101.5
100.0
112.8
115.5
112.9
124.7
126.5
132.3
119.8
109.0
119.1
130.7
134.2
131.5
59.6
62.8
64.9
60.5
64.8
70.1
69.1
76.1
81.2
87.9
93.9
95.1
101.7
100.0
112.2
114.8
112.7
124.4
125.6
132.1
119.9
110.2
120.7
131.8
135.1
131.1
86.5
95.2
101.0
92.9
86.7
98.4
91.9
96.8
101.2
100.3
96.2
97.8
100.8
100.0
115.6
119.0
113.3
125.8
130.6
133.0
119.5
104.0
113.4
126.5
130.4
133.6
3.8
2.9
4.1
2.7
1.9
3.9
3.6
3.4
4.0
3.3
1.9
3.9
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 98. Hydraulic cement (SIC 3241): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 ’ ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79............................
1974-79............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
77.4
84.1
88.7
82.7
86.0
93.7
87.7
88.6
92.0
96.2
100.2
101.3
104.4
100.0
106.6
107.8
104.5
110.1
116.4
120.5
113.9
95.9
102.7
110.7
118.1
119.0
127.2
130.9
131.2
126.1
126.8
128.8
121.9
111.3
109.0
107.6
108.4
106.4
104.6
100.0
96.1
96.0
94.7
90.6
94.1
92.9
95.7
86.7
85.1
84.1
89.2
92.6
135.7
140.5
141.0
134.3
133.0
136.3
127.7
115.9
113.1
110.2
109.2
107.0
104.8
100.0
96.8
96.4
93.9
90.3
94.7
93.3
96.2
85.9
84.2
83.8
89.3
93.7
90.4
88.6
88.4
89.5
99.6
95.5
95.7
91.4
91.1
96.0
104.7
103.7
103.2
100.0
93.4
94.2
98.3
91.7
91.7
90.9
93.4
90.1
89.3
85.1
88.4
87.6
122.0
125.1
127.1
127.5
126.1
126.2
120.8
111.6
109.0
107.0
106.3
105.9
102.9
100.0
94.5
93.3
92.6
88.3
92.0
91.1
95.1
88.0
86.2
84.7
88.0
90.5
129.8
134.0
136.6
136.8
132.7
133.7
126.9
116.5
113.3
109.5
106.7
106.5
102.7
100.0
95.0
93.9
92.7
88.5
92.7
91.2
95.0
87.0
85.1
84.0
87.4
90.8
89.5
88.3
87.8
89.0
99.2
95.2
95.4
91.5
90.9
95.9
104.2
103.6
103.6
100.0
92.2
90.6
92.2
87.5
89.1
90.6
95.3
92.2
90.6
87.5
90.6
89.1
2.0
2.7
-1.7
-.3
-2.1
-.1
.1
-1.2
-1.6
-.8
-1.9
-.6
.1
-1.2
' Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may d if fe r fr o m those previously published.
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of
the Interior. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
109
Chart 51. Structural clay products (SIC 325): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
110
Table 99. Structural clay products (SIC 325): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour '
Output per employee 1
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 ...
1961 ...
1962 ...
1963 ...
1964 ...
1965 ...
1966 ...
1967 ...
1968 ...
1969 ...
1970 .................................
1971 ...
1972 ...
1973 ...
1974 ...
1975 ...
1976 ...
1977 ...
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79........ ...................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
75.7
81.2
83.5
86.5
93.1
89.5
95.7
97.4
99.3
100.0
106.4
107.2
112.8
122.8
127.3
131.7
134.6
132.0
138.3
146.1
145.9
147.8
74.2
79.0
81.6
84.2
90.5
87.8
94.8
95.9
97.6
100.0
106.9
108.1
117.7
128.4
128.9
130.9
135.0
136.5
142.8
148.8
146.2
150.9
84.2
95.1
95.5
100.5
108.9
99.3
100.9
106.8
108.7
100.0
103.8
102.6
92.8
100.4
119.4
135.8
132.3
113.1
118.9
134.5
144.2
133.8
74.1
80.6
81.6
84.4
91.9
89.9
98.7
98.3
100.6
100.0
107.3
108.7
114.3
124.5
128.4
131.7
134.9
129.2
133.6
144.2
145.9
147.8
72.2
78.0
79.2
81.7
89.0
88.1
98.1
96.7
99.0
100.0
107.6
109.1
118.1
129.4
129.6
130.6
135.8
133.6
137.5
147.1
147.0
151.7
84.8
95.8
96.2
100.5
109.4
99.6
101.6
106.9
108.7
100.0
105.4
106.7
98.9
105.5
123.3
137.5
130.6
111.7
117.2
131.8
141.1
131.8
3.3
2.4
3.5
2.3
1.8
2.6
3.3
2.6
3.6
2.6
1.8
2.5
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 100. Structural clay products (SIC 325): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
86.4
101.4
101.8
101.5
107.3
96.7
106.5
108.9
108.7
100.0
106.5
107.8
99.9
103.5
110.2
112.3
116.8
99.9
103.7
107.7
112.6
115.3
114.2
124.8
121.9
117.4
115.2
108.0
111.3
111.8
109.5
100.0
100.1
100.6
88.6
84.3
86.6
85.3
86.8
75.7
75.0
73.7
77.2
78.0
116.5
128.4
124.8
120.6
118.5
110.1
112.4
113.6
111.4
100.0
99.6
99.7
84.9
80.6
85.5
85.8
86.5
73.2
72.6
72.4
77.0
76.4
102.6
106.6
106.6
101.0
98.5
97.4
105.6
102.0
100.0
100.0
102.6
105.1
107.7
103.1
92.3
82.7
88.3
88.3
87.2
80.1
78.1
86.2
116.6
125.8
124.7
120.2
116.7
107.6
107.9
110.8
108.1
100.0
99.3
99.2
87.4
83.1
85.8
85.3
86.6
77.3
77.6
74.7
77.2
78.0
119.6
130.0
128.6
124.2
120.6
109.8
108.6
112.6
109.8
100.0
99.0
98.8
84.6
80.0
85.0
86.0
86.0
74.8
75.4
73.2
76.6
76.0
101.9
105.8
105.8
101.0
98.1
97.1
104.8
101.9
100.0
100.0
101.0
101.0
101.0
98.1
89.4
81.7
89.4
89.4
88.5
81.7
79.8
87.5
.6
1.0
-2.6
-1.4
-2.8
-1.3
-1.2
-1.6
-2.6
-1.6
-2.9
-1.6
-1.1
-1.5
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
Employees
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
111
Chart 52. Clay construction products (SIC 3251, 3253, 3259): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
L60
L50
l40
130
l2 0
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
60
50
40
30
20
110
100
90
80
70
60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U,S. Department of Labor
112
Table 101. Clay construction products (SIC 3251, 3253, 3259): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-79
(1967=100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979 1
2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79............................
1974-79............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
76.3
81.5
84.4
86.6
93.5
89.3
95.5
97.7
98.7
100.0
107.2
106.0
113.5
126.7
130.4
133.0
130.7
132.2
140.2
149.2
148.1
148.2
74.8
80.0
83.2
85.1
91.7
88.0
95.1
96.6
97.4
100.0
107.1
106.5
117.0
130.3
130.7
132.2
131.2
135.7
143.8
151.4
148.1
149.2
85.5
90.4
91.4
96.6
105.3
97.5
98.1
104.1
107.0
100.0
107.5
104.1
96.8
109.5
128.3
138.1
128.7
116.0
123.3
138.0
147.9
142.3
74.7
81.3
83.0
85.2
93.0
89.3
98.1
97.8
99.8
100.0
107.7
107.5
114.3
128.2
130.9
131.6
130.1
129.7
134.7
145.4
145.9
146.2
72.7
79.6
81.6
83.3
90.8
87.8
98.0
96.6
98.5
100.0
107.5
107.4
116.6
131.3
130.4
130.1
130.9
133.0
137.7
147.5
146.1
147.2
86.2
91.1
91.6
96.6
105.8
97.7
98.7
104.5
107.0
100.0
108.9
108.2
103.3
115.2
133.1
139.5
126.5
114.4
121.6
135.4
144.7
141.0
3.3
3.0
3.5
2.8
2.3
3.9
3.2
2.9
3.4
2.7
2.2
3.9
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 102. Clay construction products (SIC 3251, 3253, 3259): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
90.6
106.1
106.7
106.4
113.8
100.1
110.0
111.1
108.4
100.0
107.5
105.5
96.8
103.6
111.1
111.2
108.9
92.7
100.1
102.8
106.2
107.0
118.8
130.2
126.4
122.8
121.7
112.1
115.2
113.7
109.8
100.0
100.3
99.5
85.3
81.8
85.2
83.6
83.3
70.1
71.4
68.9
71.7
72.2
121.1
132.6
128.2
125.1
124.1
113.8
115.7
115.0
111.3
100.0
100.4
99.1
82.7
79.5
85.0
84.1
83.0
68.3
69.6
67.9
71.7
71.7
106.0
117.4
116.8
110.1
108.1
102.7
112.1
106.7
101.3
100.0
100.0
101.3
100.0
94.6
86.6
80.5
84.6
79.9
81.2
74.5
71.8
75.2
121.3
130.5
128.5
124.9
122.4
112.1
112.1
113.6
108.6
100.0
99.8
98.1
84.7
80.8
84.9
84.5
83.7
71.5
74.3
70.7
72.8
73.2
124.6
133.3
130.8
127.8
125.3
114.0
112.3
115.0
110.0
100.0
100.0
98.2
83.0
78.9
85.2
85.5
83.2
69.7
72.7
69.7
72.7
72.7
105.1
116.5
116.5
110.1
107.6
102.5
111.4
106.3
101.3
100.0
98.7
97.5
93.7
89.9
83.5
79.7
86.1
81.0
82.3
75.9
73.4
75.9
(2)
1.0
-3.2
-1.9
-3.4
-1.7
-2.2
-2.8
-3.1
-1.9
-3.3
-1.7
-2.1
-2.8
1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
113
Chart 53. Brick and structural clay tile (SIC 3251): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
180
160
H 140
120
100
—I 80
60
—
180
160
-
140
-
120
—
100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
114
Table 103. Brick and structural clay tile (SIC 3251): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
78.8
84.4
89.4
91.9
98.3
90.1
97.7
100.3
101.5
100.0
106.8
103.1
115.4
127.5
130.2
128.6
132.3
133.7
147.2
144.5
134.4
130.0
77.2
82.2
88.3
89.6
96.0
88.5
96.6
98.8
99.7
100.0
106.8
103.7
118.5
131.7
130.8
129.0
133.1
137.0
152.7
147.7
135.2
130.6
90.3
101.3
96.7
108.6
115.2
101.0
105.1
109.8
113.4
100.0
106.8
98.9
99.7
107.2
126.5
126.4
128.5
116.6
121.3
127.5
130.0
126.2
78.8
84.8
87.6
90.0
98.1
91.0
100.3
101.0
103.5
100.0
106.6
105.0
114.8
128.7
131.5
128.3
131.8
131.0
140.0
140.8
132.0
128.6
76.9
82.3
86.1
87.3
95.6
89.2
99.3
99.5
101.8
100.0
106.4
105.4
116.1
132.2
131.5
128.6
132.8
134.4
144.5
143.7
132.7
129.5
91.3
102.7
97.4
108.7
115.3
101.8
106.5
109.8
113.3
100.0
108.0
102.7
107.4
112.6
130.8
127.1
127.4
114.7
120.1
125.9
127.9
124.2
2.8
-.3
3.0
-.5
1.3
.8
2.7
-.3
2.9
-.5
1.2
.7
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 ...
1960 ...
1961 ...
1962 .................................
1963 ...
1964 ...
1965 ...
1966 ...
1967 .................1...............
1968 ................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 104. Brick and structural clay tile (SIC 3251): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
89.1
105.2
109.0
111.3
118.1
94.6
106.5
109.8
110.6
100.0
105.4
102.7
97.2
107.2
115.2
112.0
112.2
92.9
102.9
104.9
103.6
100.6
113.1
124.6
121.9
121.1
120.1
105.0
109.0
109.5
109.0
100.0
98.7
99.6
84.2
84.1
88.5
87.1
84.8
69.5
69.9
72.6
77.1
77.4
115.4
128.0
123.4
124.2
123.0
106.9
110.2
' 111.1
110.9
100.0
98.7
99.0
82.0
81.4
88.1
86.8
84.3
67.8
67.4
71.0
76.6
77.0
98.7
103.8
112.7
102.5
102.5
93.7
101.3
100.0
97.5
100.0
98.7
103.8
97.5
100.0
91.1
88.6
87.3
79.7
84.8
82.3
79.7
79.7
113.1
124.0
124.4
123.6
120.4
104.0
106.2
108.7
106.9
100.0
98.9
97.8
84.7
83.3
87.6
87.3
85.1
70.9
73.5
74.5
78.5
78.2
115.9
127.9
126.6
127.5
123.6
106.0
107.3
110.3
108.6
100.0
99.1
97.4
83.7
81.1
87.6
87.1
84.5
69.1
71.2
73.0
78.1
77.7
97.6
102.4
111.9
102.4
102.4
92.9
100.0
100.0
97.6
100.0
97.6
100.0
90.5
95.2
88.1
88.1
88.1
81.0
85.7
83.3
81.0
81.0
(2)
-.6
-2.7
-.3
-3.0
-.1
-1.3
-1.4
-2.6
-.3
-2.9
-.1
-1.2
-1.3
*
■ Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
115
Chart 54. Ceramic wall and floor tile (SIC 3253): Output per hour and related data, 1967-77
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
180
160
140
—1 120
100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
116
Table 105. Ceramic wall and floor tile (SIC 3253): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-77
(1967=100)
Output per employee 1
Output per h ou r1
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-77............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
71.6
77.8
75.6
80.5
88.5
86.8
90.5
92.5
93.6
100.0
106.0
105.2
104.0
113.6
127.4
133.5
128.1
131.8
131.6
149.9
69.6
76.8
75.3
81.4
87.5
85.9
91.2
91.6
92.2
100.0
107.1
105.8
107.4
113.7
125.3
130.2
127.2
134.4
131.5
148.8
82.1
82.2
77.2
76.3
93.1
91.1
87.8
96.7
100.2
100.0
101.4
102.4
91.0
112.8
137.4
150.1
132.2
121.2
132.6
154.6
69.7
77.2
75.6
78.6
87.9
84.9
90.5
91.5
93.9
100.0
106.5
104.7
106.1
113.6
127.2
130.9
125.7
127.7
129.2
147.0
67.2
76.2
75.3
79.5
86.9
83.7
91.4
90.7
92.9
100.0
107.8
104.7
109.0
112.4
124.5
126.6
125.3
130.7
128.8
146.0
82.3
81.5
76.5
75.5
91.9
89.7
87.0
95.2
98.0
100.0
101.6
104.8
95.6
118.5
139.5
151.9
127.3
116.7
131.0
151.5
3.7
3.7
3.4
3.6
3.7
3.4
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 106. Ceramic wall and floor tile (SIC 3253): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-77
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 ...................... ..........
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-77............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
86.2
104.8
98.4
93.5
109.4
102.5
111.9
108.8
102.7
100.0
106.5
99.8
91.0
84.6
99.6
101.3
109.1
100.0
106.1
108.2
120.4
134.7
130.1
116.2
123.6
118.1
123.6
117.6
109.7
100.0
100.5
94.9
87.5
74.5
78.2
75.9
85.2
75.9
80.6
72.2
123.9
136.4
130.7
114.8
125.0
119.3
122.7
118.8
111.4
100.0
99.4
94.3
84.7
74.4
79.5
77.8
85.8
74.4
80.7
72.7
105.0
127.5
127.5
122.5
117.5
112.5
127.5
112.5
102.5
100.0
105.0
97.5
100.0
75.0
72.5
67.5
82.5
82.5
80.0
70.0
123.6
135.8
130.2
118.9
124.5
120.8
123.6
118.9
109.4
100.0
100.0
95.3
85.8
74.5
78.3
77.4
86.8
78.3
82.1
73.6
128.2
137.6
130.6
117.6
125.9
122.4
122.4
120.0
110.6
100.0
98.8
95.3
83.5
75.3
80.0
80.0
87.1
76.5
82.4
74.1
104.8
128.6
128.6
123.8
119.0
114.3
128.6
114.3
104.8
100.0
104.8
95.2
95.2
71.4
71.4
66.7
85.7
85.7
81.0
71.4
.2
-3.3
-3.4
-3.1
-3.3
-3.4
-3.1
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
117
Chart 55. Clay refractories (SIC 3255): output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a l e
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
-
90
—
80
70
60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
118
Table 107. Clay refractories (SIC 3255): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour ‘
Output per employee 1
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 ................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
72.3
80.1
79.7
85.4
91.1
90.4
96.9
96.3
101.8
100.0
103.5
111.8
110.4
109.3
116.4
125.6
143.9
127.6
130.3
134.1
136.3
142.7
71.8
74.6
74.3
80.7
86.1
87.8
94.4
93.0
98.9
100.0
106.5
115.0
119.1
121.1
123.2
124.8
143.1
133.0
136.5
135.9
135.9
150.0
74.4
114.0
113.4
112.7
119.2
102.3
108.6
112.2
115.3
100.0
92.9
100.3
85.1
78.4
94.5
129.4
147.6
109.1
109.6
127.3
138.1
119.2
70.7
76.4
74.3
79.6
85.3
91.5
100.3
100.3
103.8
100.0
105.2
113.8
115.1
112.3
119.9
131.3
148.1
126.4
128.8
138.9
144.3
150.6
69.6
70.5
68.4
74.2
79.6
88.9
98.2
97.4
101.3
100.0
108.1
116.2
123.3
122.8
126.6
131.3
149.0
132.0
135.4
143.1
146.8
162.3
75.7
114.4
113.9
113.2
119.4
103.5
110.0
114.0
114.9
100.0
95.1
104.8
90.6
83.4
98.7
131.5
144.5
108.1
108.0
124.6
135.2
116.6
3.1
.5
3.6
.9
.9
-.6
3.5
1.6
4.1
2.3
.8
-.7
NOTE. Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 108. Clay refractories (SIC 3255): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-79
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 ' ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
69.6
82.4
82.0
81.5
81.2
82.8
92.4
100.3
110.3
100.0
102.7
117.4
112.3
103.4
106.6
115.7
144.5
125.4
116.6
124.6
135.2
144.6
96.2
102.9
102.9
95.4
89.1
91.6
95.4
104.2
108.4
100.0
99.2
105.0
101.7
94.6
91.6
92.1
100.4
98.3
89.5
92.9
99.2
101.3
96.9
110.4
110.4
101.0
94.3
94.3
97.9
107.8
111.5
100.0
96.4
102.1
94.3
85.4
86.5
92.7
101.0
94.3
85.4
91.7
99.5
96.4
93.6
72.3
72.3
72.3
68.1
80.9
85.1
89.4
95.7
100.0
110.6
117.0
131.9
131.9
112.8
89.4
97.9
114.9
106.4
97.9
97.9
121.3
98.4
107.9
110.3
102.4
95.2
90.5
92.1
100.0
106.3
100.0
97.6
103.2
97.6
92.1
88.9
88.1
97.6
99.2
90.5
89.7
93.7
96.0
100.0
116.8
119.8
109.9
102.0
93.1
94.1
103.0
108,9
100.0
95.0
101.0
91.1
84.2
84.2
88.1
97.0
95.0
86.1
87.1
92.1
89.1
92.0
72.0
72.0
72.0
68.0
80.0
84.0
88.0
96.0
100.0
108.0
112.0
124.0
124.0
108.0
88.0
100.0
116.0
108.0
100.0
100.0
124.0
3.0
.8
-.1
.3
-.6
(2)
2.0
1.5
-.5
-.7
-1.1
-1.4
2.1
1.6
' Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
119
Chart 56. Concrete products (SIC 3271, 3272): Output per hour and related data, 1967-78
(1967 = 100)
Rot%o s c a le
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
-
90
-
80
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
120
Table 109. Concrete products (SIC 3271, 3272): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
67.3
71.3
77.7
76.1
75.0
76.2
73.0
74.5
75.9
82.2
87.1
90.5
95.9
100.0
108.0
106.8
104.4
111.7
113.7
115.9
116.4
113.3
116.3
120.5
120.1
67.9
71.3
77.9
77.1
76.8
75.5
72.0
73.9
75.1
83.5
89.0
92.1
99.4
100.0
108.5
107.8
105.3
113.9
116.3
118.4
118.0
118.6
120.3
124.5
124.2
67.5
73.8
80.0
75.1
71.0
82.0
79.6
79.3
82.1
80.5
83.2
88.0
88.1
100.0
106.7
103.3
101.3
103.9
105.0
107.3
110.9
97.3
103.8
107.8
107.0
67.8
71.3
79.1
76.6
74.0
77.8
76.7
78.4
80.5
84.4
89.9
91.8
95.5
100.0
109.0
109.5
107.1
111.4
113.4
116.0
114.5
109.4
114.3
117.2
115.8
67.7
70.4
78.7
76.8
74.7
76.4
75.7
78.1
79.9
85.7
91.9
92.8
98.0
100.0
109.2
110.0
106.7
111.9
114.9
118.4
116.3
114.3
118.4
121.2
119.4
68.5
74.4
80.8
75.9
71.7
82.7
80.1
79.6
82.6
80.9
83.9
88.4
88.0
100.0
108.3
107.7
108.4
109.6
108.7
108.6
109.1
95.6
102.4
105.7
104.9
3.0
1.3
3.3
1.5
1.6
.3
2.8
.9
3.1
1.1
1.5
.2
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 110. Concrete products (SIC 3271, 3272): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967=100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 ’ ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
52.6
60.7
71.1
68.7
65.6
70.6
71.4
71.6
74.0
82.5
89.9
97.9
104.2
100.0
108.9
111.9
116.3
123.6
131.8
139.5
124.4
111.7
113.3
121.0
124.8
78.1
85.1
91.5
90.3
87.5
92.6
97.8
96.1
97.5
100.4
103.2
108.2
108.6
100.0
100.8
104.8
111.4
110.7
115.9
120.4
106.9
98.6
97.4
100.4
103.9
77.5
85.1
91.3
89.1
85.4
93.5
99.1
96.9
98.6
98.8
101.0
106.3
104.8
100.0
100.4
103.8
110.4
108.5
113.3
117.8
105.4
94.2
94.2
97.2
100.5
77.9
82.2
88.9
91.5
92.4
86.1
89.7
90.3
90.1
102.5
108.1
111.2
118.3
100.0
102.1
108.3
114.8
119.0
125.5
130.0
112.2
114.8
109.2
112.2
116.6
77.6
85.1
89.9
89.7
88.6
90.8
93.1
91.3
91.9
97.7
100.0
106.6
109.1
100.0
99.9
102.2
108.6
111.0
116.2
120.3
108.6
102.1
99.1
103.2
107.8
77.7
86.2
90.4
89.4
87.8
92.4
94.3
91.7
92.6
96.3
97.8
105.5
106.3
100.0
99.7
101.7
109.0
110.5
114.7
117.8
107.0
97.7
95.7
99.8
104.5
76.8
81.6
88.0
90.5
91.5
85.4
89.1
90.0
89.6
102.0
107.1
110.8
118.4
100.0
10C.6
103.9
107.3
112.8
121.2
128.5
114.0
116.8
110.6
114.5
119.0
4.3
.9
1.3
-.4
1.0
-.6
2.7
.5
1.5
(2)
1.2
-.3
2.7
.7
Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
Employees
Nonproduction
workers
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
121
Chart 57. Ready-mixed concrete (SIC 3273): Output per hour and related data, 1967-78
(1967 = 100)
Ratfo s c a le
160
150
140
130
120
H
110
100
90
- 1 90
160
150
140
130
—I 120
110
100
90
— 80
160
- 150
— 140
!
—|
120
—! 110
—
100
H i 90
80
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
122
Table 111. Ready-mixed concrete (SIC 3273): Indexes of output per employee hour, output per employee, output, employee
hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 ’ ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
Output per
employee hour
Output per
employee
Output
Employee hours
Employees
81.6
83.4
82.0
80.9
83.0
90.3
90.8
95.1
95.6
100.0
103.0
98.6
96.0
102.5
104.8
109.0
105.7
102.7
104.0
105.3
108.7
79.6
81.7
83.0
83.0
83.8
92.0
92.4
94.7
95.0
100.0
102.2
101.1
94.2
96.9
103.0
105.4
102.2
96.9
98.4
104.0
106.9
66.4
74.1
72.2
72.8
75.0
88.3
89.6
96.9
96.1
100.0
100.3
101.6
96.6
99.8
118.4
122.3
119.6
108.2
108.0
122.7
132.8
81.4
88.9
88.0
90.0
90.4
97.8
98.7
101.9
100.5
100.0
97.4
103.0
100.6
97.4
113.0
112.2
113.2
105.4
103.8
116.5
122.2
83.4
90.7
87.0
87.7
89.5
96.0
97.0
102.3
101.2
100.0
98.1
100.5
102.6
103.0
115.0
116.0
117.0
111.7
109.8
118.0
124.2
1.5
.8
1.3
1.6
3.0
3.4
1.5
2.6
1.7
1.8
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census.
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
123
Chart 58. Steel (SIC 331): Output per hour and related data, 1967*79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
150
140
130
H 120
110
100
—I 90
80
H
70
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
124
Table 112. Steel (SIC 331): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
77.2
87.8
86.4
84.3
77.9
87.5
82.3
84.9
89.2
93.2
97.2
101.1
103.2
100.0
103.5
104.0
101.3
106.2
112.7
123.5
123.5
107.6
114.5
115.6
125.7
124.0
74.1
82.4
82.3
81.6
78.4
87.7
82.3
85.4
89.6
92.1
94.8
98.7
101.3
100.0
104.7
104.8
102.9
108.8
114.2
123.5
124.0
111.8
117.8
119.6
127.8
125.8
93.7
120.0
108.8
97.3
76.0
86.7
82.4
83.0
87.9
98.1
108.6
112.9
111.6
100.0
98.8
100.8
95.3
96.9
106.9
123.4
121.6
93.6
102.3
102.3
117.5
116.8
73.4
88.5
87.1
82.4
73.8
87.4
79.0
82.7
87.4
93.2
99.2
103.3
104.8
100.0
105.8
107.0
101.7
105.8
114.4
128.0
126.9
106.8
115.3
117.0
129.7
127.2
69.6
82.9
82.8
79.3
73.1
87.4
78.0
82.5
87.2
91.9
97.0
101.0
103.1
100.0
106.5
107.6
102.3
107.1
115.3
128.2
127.4
109.8
118.0
120.3
131.9
129.0
94.3
120.7
109.4
98.0
76.5
87.3
82.7
83.2
87.9
98.1
108.6
112.9
111.6
100.0
102.6
104.7
99.1
100.6
111.1
127.9
125.3
96.5
105.4
105.5
121.1
120.5
1.8
1.4
2.1
1.4
.1
1.4
1.9
1.8
2.3
1.8
.2
1.4
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 ........................ ........
1964 .................................
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the American Iron and Steel Institute, and the
Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
Table 113. Steel (SIC 331): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967=100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
74.6
98.4
96.8
93.4
69.8
80.8
81.0
77.5
81.5
86.5
98.2
106.8
107.5
100.0
105.9
108.5
100.4
95.5
102.4
121.9
121.8
92.2
99.7
102.1
114.4
114.0
96.6
112.1
112.0
110.8
89.6
92.3
98.4
91.3
91.4
92.8
101.0
105.6
104.2
100.0
102.3
104.3
99.1
89.9
90.9
98.7
98.6
85.7
87.1
88.3
91.0
91.9
100.7
119.4
117.6
114.5
89.0
92.1
98.4
90.8
91.0
93.9
103.6
108.2
106.1
100.0
101.1
103.5
97.6
87.8
89.7
98.7
98.2
82.5
84.6
85.4
89.5
90.6
79.6
82.0
89.0
96.0
91.8
93.2
98.3
93.4
92.7
88.2
90.4
94.6
96.3
100.0
107.2
107.6
105.3
98.6
95.8
98.8
100.2
98.5
97.5
99.8
97.4
97.6
101.6
111.2
111.2
113.3
94.6
92.4
102.5
93.7
93.3
92.8
99.0
103.4
102.6
100.0
100.1
101.4
98.7
90.3
89.5
95.2
96.0
86.3
86.5
87.3
88.2
89.6
107.2
118.7
116.9
117.8
95.5
92.5
103.8
93.9
93.5
94.1
101.2
105.7
104.3
100.0
99.4
100.8
98.1
89.2
88.8
95.1
95.6
84.0
84.5
84.9
86.7
88.4
79.1
81.5
88.5
95.3
91.2
92.6
97.9
93.2
92.7
88.2
90.4
94.6
96.3
100.0
103.2
103.6
101.3
94.9
92.2
95.3
97.2
95.5
94.6
96.8
94.5
94.6
1.3
1.0
-.5
-.5
-.8
-.4
1.2
-.4
-.6
-.8
-.9
-.8
1.1
-.4
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
Employees
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output based on data from the American Iron and Steel Institute, and
the Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. Employment and
hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
125
Chart 59. Gray iron foundries (SIC 3321): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967=100)
R atio
seal©
160
□ 150
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
—i 160
H 150
- | 140
130
- j
120
H no
- J j 100
H
90
—1 80
J
160
150
140
130
120
— 110
—
100
-1
90
80
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
126
Table 114. Gray iron foundries (SIC 3321): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-79
(1967-100)
Output per employee ’
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 ................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
78.2
84.3
83.8
81.3
84.3
87.1
86.6
88.7
92.2
94.1
100.1
104.9
105.6
100.0
106.1
111.4
105.8
113.0
118.9
124.2
128.0
126.7
125.6
130.4
134.0
133.0
77.2
82.3
82.6
81.3
86.4
87.2
87.9
90.4
92.8
94.1
99.0
103.9
104.7
100.0
106.2
111.3
107.4
115.4
120.3
125.2
129.7
130.9
129.7
134.4
138.0
138.5
87.2
101.7
92.2
81.6
72.9
87.2
78.5
79.0
88.4
95.0
108.1
113.4
112.8
100.0
105.1
112.0
95.8
99.1
110.0
117.8
117.4
103.4
103.0
108.1
111.6
104.6
75.5
86.0
83.3
77.4
77.8
85.6
82.2
83.3
90.4
95.3
105.1
111.1
110.0
100.0
109.0
114.5
103.9
111.3
121.6
127.4
128.7
122.9
124.7
130.1
133.0
127.6
73.9
84.1
81.9
76.7
78.6
85.4
82.7
84.0
90.6
95.2
104.7
110.5
109.6
100.0
109.1
114.4
104.8
113.1
123.2
128.4
129.9
125.8
128.1
133.7
136.4
131.2
87.7
101.8
92.6
81.9
73.1
87.3
78.8
79.1
89.0
95.5
109.2
114.1
113.0
100.0
108.7
115.1
98.3
101.6
112.3
121.3
121.4
106.9
107.0
111.3
114.9
108.1
2.3
1.1
2.4
1.5
1.2
-.9
2.4
.7
2.5
1.0
1.4
-.9
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 115. Gray iron foundries (SIC 3321): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967-100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979 ’
Average annual percent
change:
1954-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
73.3
90.2
86.1
76.3
63.5
78.1
72.4
68.6
78.1
83.2
96.3
108.5
112.2
100.0
107.5
119.4
106.2
107.0
122.0
140.7
141.6
122.9
123.0
130.9
143.8
134.2
93.7
107.0
102.8
93.8
75.3
89.7
83.6
77.3
84.7
88.4
96.2
103.4
106.3
100.0
101.3
107.2
100.4
94.7
102.6
113.3
110.6
97.0
97.9
100.4
107.3
100.9
95.0
109.6
104.2
93.8
73.5
89.6
82.4
75.9
84.2
88.4
97.3
104.4
107.2
100.0
101.2
107.3
98.9
92.7
101.4
112.4
109.2
93.9
94.8
97.4
104.2
96.9
84.1
88.7
93.4
93.5
87.1
89.6
92.2
86.8
88.3
87.6
89.1
95.7
99.5
100.0
102.3
106.6
110.9
108.0
110.9
119.4
120.6
118.9
119.4
121.1
128.9
128.3
97.1
104.9
103.4
98.6
81.6
91.2
88.1
82.4
86.4
87.3
91.6
97.7
102.0
100.0
98.6
104.3
102.2
96.1
100.3
110.4
110.0
100.0
98.6
100.6
108.1
105.2
99.2
107.3
105.1
99.5
80.8
91.5
87.5
81.7
86.2
87.4
92.0
98.2
102.4
100.0
98.5
104.4
101.3
94.6
99.0
109.6
109.0
97.7
96.0
97.9
105.4
102.3
83.6
88.6
93.0
93.2
86.9
89.5
91.9
86.7
87.8
87.1
88.2
95.1
99.3
100.0
98.9
103.7
108.0
105.3
108.6
116.0
116.6
115.0
115.0
117.6
125.1
124.1
2.9
.8
.7
-.4
.5
-.7
1.7
1.6
.6
.1
.4
-.2
1.6
1.7
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
127
Chart 60. Steel foundries (SIC 3324, 3325): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
150
140
H 130
120
—I 110
100
90
H
80
70
J
60
—i 150
140
130
120
110
100
H
90
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- J 60
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
128
Table 116. Steel foundries (SIC 3324, 3325): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
78.2
85.9
90.8
88.8
81.0
87.1
86.3
87.3
91.6
97.5
97.9
100.5
102.1
100.0
97.5
99.5
96.2
100.4
106.0
107.6
118.5
113.6
111.5
105.9
103.4
101.6
79.4
84.9
88.2
87.8
83.7
86.6
87.1
88.7
91.8
97.2
95.9
98.4
100.1
100.0
99.4
100.3
97.9
104.7
109.3
109.7
119.9
116.4
116.5
110.8
107.0
104.3
71.4
91.3
107.8
94.8
68.6
90.3
82.3
80.4
91.5
99.5
109.5
113.0
114.4
100.0
88.4
95.1
87.9
82.1
91.2
97.3
111.8
100.7
90.5
85.7
87.6
89.1
73.3
85.9
92.6
87.5
75.1
84.5
83.1
83.6
90.1
96.3
100.0
103.7
106.5
100.0
96.6
99.9
94.9
98.3
103.7
107.2
116.8
112.6
108.8
104.3
101.4
100.0
73.5
84.7
90.0
86.1
76.5
83.4
83.2
84.2
89.8
95.6
98.1
101.9
104.9
100.0
97.7
100.3
96.0
101.6
106.1
108.7
117.1
114.6
112.4
108.5
104.0
101.7
71.8
91.4
108.2
95.1
68.7
90.2
82.4
80.4
91.9
99.9
110.5
113.5
114.4
100.0
91.3
97.5
90.0
84.1
93.2
100.0
115.1
104.2
93.7
87.9
89.9
92.0
1.2
-3.1
1.4
-2.8
.3
-4.5
1.2
-3.2
1.4
-2.9
.5
-4.5
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
’ The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 117. Steel foundries (SIC 3324, 3325): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955
....................
1956
.............................
1957
........................
1958 .................................
1959
.............................
I960 .................................
1961 ..............................
1962
...................
1963 ...............................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966
.......................
1967 ................................
1968 .................................
1969
.............................
1970 ................................
1971 .................................
1972 ................................
1973
....................
1974 .................................
1975
....................
1976 .................................
1977 ..............................
1978
....................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-79 ............................
1974-79
....................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
58.3
74.7
94.2
85.3
53.3
66.0
61.0
56.5
65.8
79.1
89.6
98.2
108.9
100.0
92.9
100.0
83.8
80.5
86.8
94.0
112.1
106.0
98.6
98.5
101.5
111.1
74.6
87.0
103.8
96.1
65.8
75.8
70.7
64.7
71.8
81.1
91.5
97.7
106.7
100.0
95.3
100.5
87.1
80.2
81.9
87.4
94.6
93.3
88.4
93.0
98.2
109.4
73.4
88.0
106.8
97.2
63.7
76.2
70.0
63.7
71.7
81.4
93.4
99.8
108.8
100.0
93.5
99.7
85.6
76.9
79.4
85.7
93.5
91.1
84.6
88.9
94.9
106.5
81.6
81.8
87.4
90.0
77.7
73.1
74.1
70.3
71.9
79.5
81.8
86.9
95.2
100.0
105.1
105.2
95.3
98.0
95.2
96.6
100.3
105.3
109.0
115.0
115.9
124.7
79.5
87.0
101.7
97.5
71.0
78.1
73.4
67.6
73.0
82.1
89.6
94.7
102.3
100.0
96.2
100.1
88.3
81.9
83.7
87.7
96.0
94.1
90.6
94.4
100.1
111.1
79.3
88.2
104.7
99.1
69.7
79.1
73.3
67.1
73.3
82.7
91.3
96.4
103.8
100.0
95.1
99.7
87.3
79.2
81.8
86.5
95.7
92.5
87.7
90.8
97.6
109.2
81.2
81.7
87.1
89.7
77.6
73.2
74.0
70.3
71.6
79.2
81.1
86.5
95.2
100.0
101.7
102.6
93.1
95.7
93.1
94.0
97.4
101.7
105.2
112.1
112.9
120.7
2.1
-.5
.9
2.7
.7
2.4
1.7
4.2
.8
2.8
.6
2.5
1.6
4.2
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
129
Table 61. Primary copper, lead, and zinc (SIC 3331, 3332, 3333): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
170
180
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
—1 70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
— 80
— 70
170
160
150
140
130
120
no
100
90
80
J
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor S tatistic s, U.S. Department of Labor
130
70
Table 118. Primary copper, lead, and zinc (SIC 3331, 3332, 3333): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1954-79
(1967=100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
• 1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
84.4
94.1
95.5
96.0
94.1
88.5
98.7
103.2
109.6
112.2
116.6
120.2
118.7
100.0
117.8
120.7
116.7
121.4
135.2
140.6
127.6
126.4
142.7
148.6
143.9
149.2
80.7
88.6
89.1
90.7
91.4
86.7
94.4
99.0
104.8
106.4
110.2
113.1
111.6
100.0
112.8
113.8
111.4
119.2
129.4
136.7
126.7
129.0
143.7
149.3
143.4
148.9
104.0
125.7
134.8
125.5
106.9
97.0
121.3
125.2
135.2
143.3
152.7
161.5
159.8
100.0
143.5
160.4
144.3
131.2
165.3
159.6
130.8
116.9
138.6
146.3
146.3
150.2
83.0
95.1
97.7
96.2
92.8
85.9
99.0
104.4
110.6
112.1
115.4
121.1
120.7
100.0
117.8
121.4
117.7
120.8
134.5
138.5
127.3
124.8
140.7
145.7
142.8
148.1
78.6
89.2
90.9
90.4
89.7
83.4
94.3
99.9
105.4
105.9
108.0
113.3
113.3
100.0
111.8
113.6
111.6
117.6
127.6
132.8
125.3
125.8
140.1
144.4
141.0
146.4
104.7
125.7
135.2
125.9
107.1
97.1
121.5
125.2
135.9
143.9
154.1
162.4
159.8
100.0
147.7
163.8
148.2
134.7
168.7
164.9
135.7
121.2
143.1
150.7
150.7
154.6
2.2
3.5
2.4
3.4
.7
4.1
2.0
3.5
2.2
3.3
.8
4.0
' The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior; the Bureau of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and
hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 119. Primary copper, lead, and zinc (SIC 3331, 3332, 3333): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1954-79
(1967=100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
108.2
123.1
133.6
130.4
112.8
93.5
121.4
123.2
129.4
128.1
134.5
142.1
146.1
100.0
132.0
160.4
160.8
146.2
157.9
161.4
147.2
131.5
140.1
131.4
131.4
138.2
128.2
130.8
139.9
135.9
119.9
105.7
123.0
119.4
118.1
114.2
115.4
118.2
123.1
100.0
112.1
132.0
137.8
120.4
116.8
114.8
115.4
104.0
98.2
88.4
91.3
92.6
134.1
139.0
149.9
143.8
123.4
107.9
128.6
124.5
123.5
120.4
122.1
125.6
130.9
100.0
117.0
140.9
144.3
122.6
122.0
118.1
116.2
101.9
97.5
88.0
91.6
92.8
104.0
97.9
99.1
103.9
105.5
96.4
100.1
98.4
95.7
89.4
88.1
88.0
91.4
100.0
92.0
100.0
111.4
111.4
95.5
101.1
112.5
112.5
101.1
89.8
89.8
92.0
130.4
129.5
136.8
135.6
121.5
108.8
122.6
118.0
117.0
114.3
116.6
117.3
121.0
100.0
112.1
132.1
136.6
121.0
117.4
116.5
115.6
105.4
99.6
90.2
92.0
93.3
137.6
138.0
147.0
144.3
125.7
112.1
128.7
123.3
122.8
121.0
124.5
125.4
128.9
100.0
118.1
141.2
144.1
124.3
123.7
121.5
117.5
104.5
100.0
91.0
93.2
94.4
103.3
97.9
98.8
103.6
105.3
96.3
99.9
98.4
95.2
89.0
87.3
87.5
91.4
100.0
89.4
97.9
108.5
108.5
93.6
97.9
108.5
108.5
97.9
87.2
87.2
89.4
1.0
-1.1
-1.1
-4.5
-1.4
-4.3
.3
-5.0
-1.0
-4.4
-1.2
-4.3
.2
-4.8
the Interior; the Bureau of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
: Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of
Employees
Nonproduction
workers
131
Chart 62. Primary copper (SIC 3331): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
260
240
220
2 00
180
160
140
120
100
80
1967 1968 1969 197C 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
132
Table 120. Primary copper (SIC 3331): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79............................
1974-79............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
84.1
99.4
101.4
100.3
94.3
88.9
99.1
101.0
109.6
109.2
116.1
118.7
115.7
100.0
119.2
119.3
114.9
117.4
124.5
129.6
116.1
118.7
136.3
143.7
143.4
146.4
78.9
92.0
92.6
92.1
88.9
85.2
91.7
95.7
103.5
101.8
108.4
109.0
107.6
100.0
113.4
111.3
108.7
114.6
118.5
124.1
115.6
121.1
137.1
141.9
139.8
144.9
114.4
146.3
164.0
156.8
125.6
107.5
146.0
130.6
144.0
155.2
162.7
183.7
165.3
100.0
149.5
168.2
149.1
130.6
156.6
157.2
117.9
109.9
132.9
151.4
159.5
152.7
85.9
104.3
108.2
104.5
96.0
84.6
100.2
103.4
112.9
112.7
117.1
123.3
121.4
100.0
120.1
121.8
119.5
118.4
126.7
133.4
118.1
120.7
138.9
143.0
145.4
150.3
80.7
97.1
99.4
96.0
90.4
80.2
92.6
98.0
106.8
105.1
108.9
113.4
113.5
100.0
113.3
113.1
113.0
114.8
120.1
127.5
117.1
122.6
139.5
140.2
141.5
148.7
115.0
146.2
164.4
157.2
125.7
107.5
146.2
130.6
144.7
155.9
163.9
184.6
165.3
100.0
155.8
172.3
153.6
134.7
161.0
161.8
122.2
113.8
137.0
155.0
163.0
156.7
1.7
5.2
2.0
4.7
(3)
7.5
1.5
5.3
1.7
4.8
.1
7.2
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
3 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior; the Bureau of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and
hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 121. Primary copper (SIC 3331): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
I960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79............................
1974-79............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
108.8
127.9
140.9
135.5
121.8
95.9
139.3
137.3
148.5
145.3
150.3
161.5
165.3
100.0
142.9
179.5
185.5
168.4
187.9
195.5
178.2
161.2
171.3
161.5
163.0
169.7
129.4
128.7
139.0
135.1
129.1
107.9
140.6
135.9
135.5
133.0
129.5
136.1
142.9
100.0
119.9
150.4
161.5
143.4
150.9
150.9
153.5
135.8
125.7
112.4
113.7
115.9
137.9
139.0
152.2
147.2
137.0
112.5
151.9
143.5
143.5
142.8
138.7
148.1
153.6
100.0
126.0
161.3
170.7
147.0
158.6
157.5
154.1
133.1
124.9
113.8
116.6
117.1
95.1
87.4
85.9
86.4
97.0
89.2
95.4
105.1
103.1
93.6
92.4
87.9
100.0
100.0
95.6
106.7
124.4
128.9
120.0
124.4
151.1
146.7
128.9
106.7
102.2
111.1
126.6
122.6
130.2
129.7
126.9
113.3
139.0
132.8
131.5
128.9
128.4
131.0
136.2
100.0
119.0
147.4
155.2
142.2
148.3
146.6
150.9
133.6
123.3
112.9
112.1
112.9
134.9
131.7
141.8
141.1
134.8
119.6
150.4
140.1
139.1
138.2
138.0
142.4
145.7
100.0
126.1
158.7
164.1
146.7
156.5
153.3
152.2
131.5
122.8
115.2
115.2
114.1
94.6
87.5
85.7
86.2
96.9
89.2
95.3
105.1
102.6
93.2
91.7
87.5
100.0
100.0
91.7
104.2
120.8
125.0
116.7
120.8
145.8
141.7
125.0
104.2
100.0
108.3
1.7
-.8
(2)
-5.7
-.3
-5.2
1.7
-7.7
.3
-5.7
(2)
-5.3
1.6
-7.5
' Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of
the Interior; the Bureau of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
133
Chart 63. Primary aluminum (SIC 3334): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio seal
~i
—
—
—
160
150
140
130
— 120
-
110
-
100
— 90
— 80
160
q 150
140
130
120
— \
110
- i 100
— 90
—1 80
3
J
!
160
150
140
130
120
110
80
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
134
Table 122. Primary aluminum (SIC 3334): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
51.8
57.4
59.0
59.2
65.9
78.4
81.9
85.3
89.4
92.5
95.2
97.5
100.9
100.0
93.5
102.3
104.9
113.8
112.2
111.1
122.8
105.8
110.8
108.8
108.4
112.0
50.5
56.3
58.8
59.7
68.2
78.6
83.0
87.5
90.4
93.2
94.4
97.0
100.7
100.0
94.5
102.5
106.2
117.3
116.7
111.8
123.7
112.8
114.0
110.7
109.3
114.1
58.3
62.8
59.7
57.0
57.2
77.7
77.4
76.8
84.8
89.1
98.7
99.5
102.1
100.0
89.1
101.7
99.2
100.7
95.8
108.4
118.4
83.2
98.8
100.8
104.8
104.1
53.7
59.1
60.0
60.3
67.5
81.3
84.0
87.2
90.9
94.0
92.3
97.7
102.5
100.0
93.8
103.9
104.8
112.9
110.8
111.8
121.8
105.6
111.2
109.2
111.3
113.3
52.6
58.3
60.0
61.2
70.5
82.2
85.7
90.3
92.4
95.1
90.6
97,0
102.6
100.0
94.1
103.7
105.5
115.4
114.4
111.8
121.5
111.6
113.5
110.4
112.0
114.7
58.6
62.8
60.0
57.3
57.4
77.8
77.7
76.9
85.3
89.6
99.9
100.1
102.4
100.0
92.5
104.4
102.1
103.5
97.9
111.6
123.1
86.0
102.8
104.0
108.3
107.7
3.5
-1.1
3.7
-1.5
2.6
.2
3.3
-.6
3.4
-.9
2.7
.1
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960 .................................
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965 .................................
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 123. Primary aluminum (SIC 3334): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967=100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 ' ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
46.5
49.7
53.2
52.0
49.3
61.5
63.0
59.4
65.8
71.6
78.8
84.8
91.0
100.0
98.5
113.5
117.6
114.8
119.2
131.0
141.8
112.2
122.9
131.2
138.9
145.2
89.8
86.6
90.2
87.8
74.8
78.4
76.9
69.6
73.6
77.4
82.8
87.0
90.2
100.0
105.3
110.9
112.1
100.9
106.2
117.9
115.5
106.0
110.9
120.6
128.1
129.6
92.1
88.3
90.5
87.1
72.3
78.2
75.9
67.9
72.8
76.8
83.5
87.4
90.4
100.0
104.2
110.7
110.7
97.9
102.1
117.2
114.6
99.5
107.8
118.5
127.1
127.3
79.8
79.2
89.1
91.2
86.2
79.2
81.4
77.3
77.6
80.4
79.8
85.2
89.1
100.0
110.5
111.6
118.6
114.0
124.4
120.9
119.8
134.9
124.4
130.2
132.6
139.5
86.6
84.1
88.7
86.2
73.0
75.6
75.0
68.1
72.4
76.2
85.4
86.8
88.8
100.0
105.0
109.2
112.2
101.7
107.6
117.2
116.4
106.3
110.5
120.2
124.8
128.2
88.4
85.3
88.7
85.0
69.9
74.8
73.5
65.8
71.2
75.3
87.0
87.4
88.7
100.0
104.7
109.4
111.5
99.5
104.2
117.2
116.7
100.5
108.3
118.8
124.0
126.6
79.3
79.1
88.6
90.8
85.9
79.0
81.1
77.2
77.1
79.9
78.9
84.7
88.9
100.0
106.5
108.7
115.2
110.9
121.7
117.4
115.2
130.4
119.6
126.1
128.3
134.8
6.6
2.4
2.9
3.6
2.7
3.9
3.8
2.2
3.1
3.0
2.9
3.3
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
Employees
3.7
2.3 ■
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of
the Interior, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data
from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
135
Chart 64. Copper rolling and drawing (SIC 3351): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
136
Table 124. Copper rolling and drawing (SIC 3351): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-79
(1967—100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
71.1
78.1
75.4
81.6
87.5
95.7
105.4
111.4
117.7
100.0
103.8
110.3
98.6
109.6
112.2
117.7
106.3
94.7
105.4
120.7
117.1
121.4
72.1
77.1
75.1
82.9
88.3
94.0
103.5
108.9
114.1
100.0
104.7
110.5
101.4
112.0
112.4
117.4
108.6
102.6
108.3
123.4
119.9
123.6
67.1
82.5
76.2
76.7
84.2
103.6
114.0
123.4
136.3
100.0
99.8
109.5
88.0
100.6
111.0
119.3
97.4
71.2
94.7
110.4
106.2
113.0
70.6
81.0
74.7
82.7
89.9
99.2
110.2
116.8
125.4
100.0
105.5
114.9
98.8
111.2
117.5
123.6
109.9
93.2
109.0
125.3
120.9
124.1
71.6
80.7
74.4
84.4
91.5
98.0
109.0
115.2
123.1
100.0
106.1
115.6
101.3
113.5
118.6
123.9
112.6
100.0
112.0
128.8
124.3
126.2
67.1
82.4
76.2
76.5
84.5
103.9
115.1
123.7
135.7
100.0
103.2
111.9
90.0
103.1
113.0
122.4
100.6
73.6
98.3
113.4
109.3
116.5
1.9
4.2
2.1
3.6
1.1
6.2
2.0
4.5
2.1
4.0
1.3
6.1
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 ................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 ................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977
1978
1979 2
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 125. Copper rolling and drawing (SIC 3351): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-79
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 ....'.............................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 ! ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............ ................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
70.7
86.7
73.4
80.9
92.0
95.8
108.0
114.5
127.3
100.0
104.4
117.4
95.6
101.9
110.2
122.4
103.1
74.5
92.2
98.0
99.9
109.3
99.5
111.0
97.4
99.1
105.2
100.1
102.5
102.8
108.2
100.0
100.6
106.4
97.0
93.0
98.2
104.0
97.0
78.7
87.5
81.2
85.3
90.0
98.1
112.4
97.7
97.6
104.2
101.9
104.3
105.1
111.6
100.0
99.7
106.2
94.3
91.0
98.0
104.3
94.9
72.6
85.1
79.4
83.3
88.4
105.4
105.1
96.3
105.5
109.2
92.5
94.7
92.8
93.4
100.0
104.6
107.2
108.6
101.3
99.3
102.6
105.9
104.6
97.4
88.8
94.1
96.7
100.1
107.0
98.2
97.8
102.3
96.6
98.0
98.0
101.5
100.0
99.0
102.2
96.8
91.6
93.8
99.0
93.8
79.9
84.6
78.2
82.6
88.1
98.7
107.4
98.7
95.8
100.6
97.8
99.1
99.4
103.4
100.0
98.4
101.6
94.4
89.8
92.9
98.8
91.6
74.5
82.3
76.1
80.4
86.6
105.4
105.2
96.3
105.7
108.9
92.2
93.8
92.6
93.8
100.0
101.2
104.9
106.2
98.8
97.5
100.0
102.5
101.2
93.8
86.4
91.4
93.8
.9
3.6
-1.0
-.6
-1.2
(2)
-.2
-2.4
-1.0
-.8
-1.2
-.4
-.4
-2.3
Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
137
Chart 65. Aluminum rolling and drawing (SIC 3353, 3354, 3355): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
Ratio s c a le
Ratio scale
200 r -
—i 200
180 160 140 -
180
160
H 140
120
120
-
100 -
-
100
80 -
-
80
60 -
— 60
200
r
200
180 160 140 -
180
160
140
120
-
120
100
-
100
80 -
H
60 200
80
60
r
200
180 160 140 -
180
160
140
120
-
120
100
-
100
80 -
80
60 -
—J 60
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, O.S. Department of Labor
138
Table 126. Aluminum rolling and drawing (SIC 3353, 3354, 3355): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-79
(1967=100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour ’
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
63.8
68.9
65.2
71.7
77.8
86.3
91.7
100.5
101.1
100.0
104.5
107.4
109.6
119.9
140.5
154.7
157.9
142.5
166.0
163.7
168.7
161.7
64.9
67.8
66.3
72.2
78.4
86.5
91.9
100.0
99.4
100.0
105.9
108.1
114.4
124.9
141.3
154.1
159.2
152.4
168.9
164.5
170.1
159.2
59.3
73.3
61.5
69.6
76.1
85.3
91.0
103.1
109.2
100.0
99.0
102.0
93.1
102.9
136.9
157.0
153.1
112.0
154.6
160.2
163.4
173.1
63.5
70.1
66.0
72.8
78.5
87.2
93.3
103.8
104.5
100.0
103.4
107.8
106.4
115.3
141.3
156.6
155.1
134.5
162.9
162.4
165.1
157.3
64.6
69.3
67.3
73.7
79.1
87.7
93.6
104.0
103.3
100.0
103.7
108.5
109.8
118.2
141.7
155.5
154.4
140.6
163.5
161.9
164.4
152.6
59.4
73.3
61.5
69.5
76.5
85.7
91.8
103.4
109.2
100.0
102.2
104.7
95.3
105.3
139.5
161.4
157.8
115.7
160.2
164.8
167.9
178.8
5.1
1.8
5.1
.9
4.8
5.2
4.8
2.0
4.8
1.1
5.0
5.2
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 127. Aluminum rolling and drawing (SIC 3353, 3354, 3355): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-79
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969 .................................
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 ’ ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
48.4
63.1
56.5
61.7
69.5
77.0
85.1
97.2
107.6
100.0
111.0
119.5
112.5
120.9
146.1
174.0
165.2
115.7
155.2
164.8
181.0
178.8
75.9
91.6
86.6
86.0
89.3
89.2
92.8
96.7
106.4
100.0
106.2
111.3
102.6
100.8
104.0
112.5
104.6
81.2
93.5
100.7
107.3
110.6
74.6
93.0
85.2
85.4
88.7
89.0
92.6
97.2
108.3
100.0
104.8
110.5
98.3
96.8
103.4
112.9
103.8
75.9
91.9
100.2
106.4
112.3
81.6
86.1
91.8
88.7
91.3
90.3
93.5
94.3
98.5
100.0
112.1
117.1
120.8
117.5
106.7
110.8
107.9
103.3
100.4
102.9
110.8
103.3
76.2
90.0
85.6
84.7
88.5
88.3
91.2
93.6
103.0
100.0
107.3
110.9
105.7
104.9
103.4
111.1
106.5
86.0
95.3
101.5
109.6
113.7
74.9
91.1
84.0
83.7
87.9
87.8
90.9
93.5
104.2
100.0
107.0
110.1
102.5
102.3
103.1
111.9
107.0
82.3
94.9
101.8
110.1
117.2
81.5
86.1
91.8
88.8
90.9
89.9
92.7
94.0
98.5
100.0
108.6
114.1
118.0
114.8
104.7
107.8
104.7
100.0
96.9
100.0
107.8
100.0
6.1
5.3
1.0
3.5
.9
4.4
1.2
(2)
1.2
3.2
1.3
4.1
1.0
.1
Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment
and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics,
139
Chart 66. Metal cans (SIC 3411): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
160
150
140
150
- l 120
110
H 100
90
J
80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
160
150
140
130
___ 1
^
A
20
110
— 80
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 19?2 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
140
Table 128. Metal cans (SIC 3411): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967=100)
Output per employee '
Output per hour 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
73.2
77.5
80.9
79.5
83.4
86.3
88.3
93.2
90.2
89.6
91.5
94.1
96.7
100.0
104.5
107.1
105.4
105.1
108.0
109.2
113.3
116.0
124.6
131.7
136.1
73.7
77.9
81.0
80.0
84.3
86.7
88.8
93.8
90.3
89.9
92.2
95.6
96.7
100.0
104.6
107.7
106.7
107.0
109.1
109.9
116.0
121.0
129.3
136.0
141.0
70.0
74.5
79.9
75.2
76.7
83.3
83.8
89.3
89.2
86.8
87.1
83.3
96.6
100.0
104.5
102.9
96.6
92.3
100.5
104.6
96.6
88.8
97.9
106.4
108.0
69.7
73.9
78.1
75.8
78.4
84.0
85.1
90.3
89.7
88.0
91.2
96.2
95.1
100.0
104.9
105.1
104.2
101.5
105.5
107.8
110.6
113.4
121.1
129.4
131.9
69.5
73.8
77.8
75.9
78.7
84.0
85.2
90.4
89.7
88.1
91.9
98.4
94.9
100.0
105.1
105.3
104.8
102.8
106.8
108.4
113.0
118.1
125.3
133.7
136.4
70.7
74.9
80.5
75.8
77.2
83.8
84.2
89.5
89.6
87.2
87.8
83.7
96.6
100.0
103.1
104.3
101.0
93.4
97.8
104.0
97.5
89.9
99.1
107.0
108.5
2.3
5.1
2.4
5.2
1.8
4.1
2.4
5.0
2.5
5.1
1.8
4.0
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
I960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 ................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 ................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78 ............................
...................
1974-78
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 129. Metal cans (SIC 3411): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 ............ ....................
1959 .................................
I960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 ................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 ..............................
1977 .................................
1978 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78............................
1974-78 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
63.8
66.9
71.4
68.9
70.6
74.9
75.6
79.9
78.9
77.7
83.4
87.5
92.6
100.0
110.8
113.5
121.2
115.6
119.8
124.8
126.8
117.9
122.7
128.4
128.9
87.2
86.3
88.3
86.7
84.7
86.8
85.6
85.7
87.5
86.7
91.1
93.0
95.8
100.0
106.0
106.0
115.0
110.0
110.9
114.3
111.9
101.6
98.5
97.5
94.7
86.6
85.9
88.1
86.1
83.7
86.4
85.1
85.2
87.4
86.4
90.5
91.5
95.8
100.0
105.9
105.4
113.6
108.0
109.8
113.6
109.3
97.4
94.9
94.4
91.4
91.2
89.8
89.4
91.6
92.1
89.9
90.2
89.5
88.5
89.5
95.8
105.0
95.9
100.0
106.0
110.3
125.5
125.2
119.2
119.3
131.3
132.7
125.3
120.7
119.3
91.6
90.5
91.4
90.9
90.0
89.2
88.8
88.5
88.0
88.3
91.4
91.0
97.4
100.0
105.6
108.0
116.3
113.9
113.6
115.8
114.6
104.0
101.3
99.2
97.7
91.8
90.6
91.8
90.8
89.7
89.2
88.7
88.4
88.0
88.2
90.8
88.9
97.6
100.0
105.4
107.8
115.7
112.4
112.2
115.1
112.2
99.8
97.9
96.0
94.5
90.3
89.3
88.7
90.9
91.5
89.4
89.8
89.3
88.1
89.1
95.0
104.6
95.9
100.0
107.5
108.8
120.0
123.8
122.5
120.0
130.0
131.2
123.8
120.0
118.8
3.4
1.2
1.1
-3.7
1.0
-3.8
1.6
-2.8
1.0
-3.6
.9
-3.7
1.6
-2.7
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
141
Chart 67. Fabricated structural metal (SIC 3441): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s ca Je
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
—1 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
-
80
-
70
-
60
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
142
Table 130. Fabricated structural metal (SIC 3441): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-79
(1967=100)
Output per employee '
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 ...
1971 ...
1972 ...
1973 ...
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
83.0
81.3
83.9
88.1
91.5
95.0
96.1
100.5
98.2
100.0
103.7
103.3
105.7
111.3
114.7
116.5
109.7
99.4
100.3
100.8
101.8
107.8
83.6
84.0
85.4
88.9
91.4
95.4
96.4
100.1
97.4
100.0
103.8
104.4
107.7
112.7
115.9
118.4
110.9
101.0
102.6
103.4
103.1
108.3
81.3
73.4
79.3
85.7
91.8
93.6
95.4
101.5
100.9
100.0
103.4
99.8
99.6
106.9
110.7
110.8
106.0
94.5
93.7
93.4
97.5
106.6
81.7
80.1
85.2
87.6
92.1
93.8
97.0
100.0
97.6
100.0
103.2
103.5
106.2
110.3
111.2
113.1
107.7
96.5
97.8
98.6
99.3
106.2
81.7
82.5
87.2
88.2
92.1
93.8
97.2
99.4
96.4
100.0
103.5
104.2
106.9
111.0
112.4
113.9
107.8
96.8
98.8
100.2
99.6
105.6
81.8
73.8
79.6
85.8
92.1
94.0
96.2
102.0
100.9
100.0
102.0
101.3
104.1
108.3
107.9
110.4
107.3
95.6
95.2
94.2
98.3
107.9
1.2
(3)
1.2
-.1
1.1
.3
1.1
.1
1.0
(3)
1.1
.3
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, based on data from the Bureau of the Census, the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, and the American Institute of Steel Construction. Employment and hours based
on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
3 Less than .05 percent.
Table 131. Fabricated structural metal (SIC 3441): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-79
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 ............. ...................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
69.4
61.6
69.6
68.7
67.9
74.6
79.5
86.6
88.4
100.0
100.2
100.6
98.8
98.8
107.9
110.8
103.8
92.8
87.9
91.1
92.9
106.0
83.6
75.8
83.0
78.0
74.2
78.5
82.7
86.2
90.0
100.0
96.6
97.4
93.5
88.8
94.1
95.1
94.6
93.4
87.6
90.4
91.3
98.3
83.0
73.3
81.5
77.3
74.3
78.2
82.5
86.5
90.8
100.0
96.5
96.4
91.7
87.7
93.1
93.6
93.6
91.9
85.7
88.1
90.1
97.9
85.4
83.9
87.8
80.2
74.0
79.7
83.3
85.3
87.6
100.0
96.9
100.8
99.2
92.4
97.5
100.0
97.9
98.2
93.8
97.5
95.3
99.4
84.9
76.9
81.7
78.4
73.7
79.5
82.0
86.6
90.6
100.0
97.1
97.2
93.0
89.6
97.0
98.0
96.4
96.2
89.9
92.4
93.6
99.8
84.9
74.7
79.8
77.9
73.7
79.5
81.8
87.1
91.7
100.0
96.8
96.5
92.4
89.0
96.0
97.3
96.3
95.9
89.0
90.9
93.3
100.4
84.8
83.5
87.4
80.1
73.7
79.4
82.6
84.9
87.6
100.0
98.2
99.3
94.9
91.2
100.0
100.4
96.7
97.1
92.3
96.7
94.5
98.2
2.2
.4
1.0
.4
.9
.6
1.1
.1
1.1
.3
1.1
.4
1.0
.1
Labor Statistics, and the American Institute of Steel Construction. Employment and
hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, based on data from the Bureau of the Census, the Bureau of
143
Chart 68. Construction machinery and equipment (SIC 3531): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
R a tio s c a le
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
-
90
80
-
70
-
60
60
50
40
30
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
144
Table 132. Construction machinery and equipment (SIC 3531): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour ’
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79............................
1974-79............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
90.1
84.4
75.5
82.7
89.8
90.9
94.4
96.9
98.5
100.0
99.6
100.7
101.0
103.9
111.4
113.2
119.9
111.6
113.4
117.1
120.1
119.7
97.4
86.3
80.4
86.8
92.0
91.3
93.2
95.3
94.9
100.0
101.5
101.0
103.6
107.9
112.5
113.1
119.9
114.6
120.6
122.5
123.9
125.6
73.0
78.9
63.7
72.6
83.6
89.7
98.3
102.2
111.9
100.0
94.1
99.5
93.9
93.1
108.0
113.5
119.9
103.2
96.0
103.0
109.6
104.8
87.4
87.4
75.3
82.6
90.7
93.1
97.7
100.1
103.5
100.0
100.9
103.2
101.9
103.4
113.9
117.1
123.7
113.0
111.8
115.2
120.6
118.5
92.9
89.8
79.8
86.5
93.4
94.2
97.3
99.2
101.0
100.0
101.7
103.3
104.2
106.4
115.0
117.2
123.9
115.8
117.1
119.1
124.0
122.9
75.0
80.8
64.9
73.2
84.1
90.0
99.2
102.7
111.9
100.0
98.9
102.9
96.0
95.6
110.9
116.7
122.8
105.8
98.7
105.2
111.9
107.3
1.9
.7
1.9
1.4
1.9
-1.2
1.9
C)
1.8
.5
1.9
-1.3
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
* Less than .05 percent.
Table 133. Construction machinery and equipment (SIC 3531): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
____________________ ____________
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ......... ......................
1959 ...............................
I960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 ................................
1963
.....................
1964 .................................
1965
.........................
1966 .................................
1967
.....................
1968
...... ....................
................................
1969
1970 ..............................
1971
.....................
.............................
1972
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975
.....................
1976 ...............................
1977
.....................
1978
.....................
1979 ‘
.....................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
62.6
74.0
63.2
59.0
67.5
73.1
85.4
91.4
94.3
100.0
104.3
107.1
99.4
94.3
114.5
132.9
146.3
127.6
121.6
134.4
153.1
145.0
69.5
87.7
83.7
71.3
75.2
80.4
90.5
94.3
95.7
100.0
104.7
106.4
98.4
90.8
102.8
117.4
122.0
114.3
107.2
114.8
127.5
121.1
64.3
85.7
78.6
68.0
73.4
80.1
91.6
95.9
99.4
100.0
102.8
106.0
95.9
87.4
101.8
117.5
122.0
111.3
100.8
109.7
123.6
115.4
85.8
93.8
99.2
81.3
80.7
81.5
86.9
89.4
84.3
100.0
110.8
107.6
105.9
101.3
106.0
117.1
122.0
123.6
126.7
130.5
139.7
138.4
71.6
84.7
83.9
71.4
74.4
78.5
87.4
91.3
91.1
100.0
103.4
103.8
97.5
91.2
100.5
113.5
118.3
112.9
108.8
116.7
127.0
122.4
67.4
82.4
79.2
68.2
72.3
77.6
87.8
92.1
93.4
100.0
102.6
103.7
95.4
88.6
99.6
113.4
118.1
110.2
103.8
112.8
123.5
118.0
83.5
91.6
97.4
80.6
80.3
81.2
86.1
89.0
84.3
100.0
105.5
104.1
103.5
98.6
103.2
113.9
119.1
120.6
123.2
127.8
136.8
135.1
4.4
1.7
2.5
1.0
2.4
.3
2.5
3.0
2.5
1.7
2.5
1.2
2.4
3.0
» Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
145
of the
Chart 69. Ball and roller bearings (SIC 3562): Output per hour and related data, 1967*79
(1967=100)
Ratio s c a le
180
— 140
^
100
60
— 1 20
—
100
60
20
100
60
- 1 20
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
146
Table 134. Ball and roller bearings (SIC 3562): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-79
(1967=100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
60.8
76.2
74.7
76.8
83.5
84.9
91.4
103.8
104.0
100.0
103.6
101.3
98.6
102.1
113.7
119.4
121.1
113.4
115.3
116.8
122.6
120.6
61.7
73.8
74.3
77.2
82.8
86.1
91.4
102.7
102.6
100.0
106.1
102.9
102.7
107.7
115.8
119.9
122.0
117.5
118.8
120.7
125.9
121.9
57.3
87.0
76.4
75.3
86.7
80.1
91.3
108.4
109.8
100.0
94.6
95.3
85.1
85.0
106.3
117.0
117.8
99.8
103.7
104.1
111.2
115.6
57.2
74.8
69.3
72.8
81.5
81.6
89.3
104.5
106.4
100.0
103.2
101.2
92.4
97.2
114.0
122.0
119.5
109.4
113.4
115.5
119.3
119.7
56.8
71.6
67.4
71.9
80.1
82.1
88.8
103.4
105.5
100.0
104.9
102.2
94.3
100.7
115.5
122.8
119.4
111.7
115.8
118.5
121.2
120.2
58.6
89.0
77.6
75.9
86.7
80.1
91.3
108.4
109.8
100.0
97.6
97.5
86.2
86.5
108.7
119.4
119.9
101.6
105.5
106.0
113.2
117.7
2.7
.7
2.9
.6
2.0
.7
2.9
.8
3.1
.9
2.1
.7
Index:
1958 ................................
1959 .................................
I960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output p^r employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the^ industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
(
2 Preliminary.
Table 135. Ball and roller bearings (SIC 3562): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 ..
1969 ..
1970 ..
1971 ..
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
39.8
62.4
57.2
55.4
66.4
68.4
78.0
95.0
106.6
100.0
99.1
101.8
88.7
80.8
96.0
111.5
113.8
94.2
95.5
101.3
107.4
111.7
65.5
81.9
76.6
72.1
79.5
80.6
85.3
91.5
102.5
100.0
95.7
100.5
90.0
79.1
84.4
93.4
94.0
83.1
82.8
86.7
87.6
92.6
64.5
84.5
77.0
71.8
80.2
79.4
85.3
92.5
103.9
100.0
93.4
98.9
86.4
75.0
82.9
93.0
93.3
80.2
80.4
83.9
85.3
91.6
69.4
71.7
74.9
73.6
76.6
85.4
85.4
87.6
97.1
100.0
104.8
106.8
104.2
95.1
90.3
95.3
96.6
94.4
92.1
97.3
96.6
96.6
69.6
83.4
82.5
76.1
81.5
83.8
87.3
90.9
100.2
100.0
96.0
100.6
96.0
83.1
84.2
91.4
95.2
86.1
84.2
87.7
90.0
93.3
70.1
87.2
84.9
77.0
82.9
83.3
87.8
91.9
101.0
100.0
94.5
99.6
94.1
80.2
83.1
90.8
95.3
84.3
82.5
85.5
88.6
92.9
67.9
70.1
73.7
73.0
76.6
85.4
85.4
87.6
97.1
100.0
101.5
104.4
102.9
93.4
88.3
93.4
94.9
92.7
90.5
95.6
94.9
94.9
3.5
1.0
.8
.4
.6
.4
1.5
.4
.6
.2
.4
.2
1.4
.4
1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
147
Chart 70. Motors and generators (SIC 3621): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
Ratio s c a le
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
H
BO
70
- 1 60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
H 80
70
60
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor S tatistics, U.S. Department of Labor
148
Table 136. Motors and generators (SIC 3621): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-79
(1967=100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-79............................
1974-79............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
57.3
58.8
62.2
60.3
59.9
69.5
71.2
76.2
84.8
85.8
94.8
101.4
103.7
100.0
102.5
103.1
100.8
108.9
109.9
115.4
114.8
106.7
109.9
114.3
113.1
117.3
59.6
60.7
63.9
64.8
65.8
73.6
76.4
81.9
89.0
88.6
97.9
101.8
101.4
100.0
103.2
103.7
102.8
111.3
109.7
112.4
113.2
110.3
108.3
114.2
112.0
115.7
50.6
53.0
57.3
48.6
45.9
58.3
57.9
61.4
73.0
77.4
85.6
100.3
112.4
100.0
100.6
101.5
94.7
101.1
111.3
126.7
120.1
96.0
116.0
114.7
117.2
123.0
56.2
58.5
61.5
59.0
58.9
69.1
69.5
74.6
84.2
86.3
96.0
102.4
103.0
100.0
103.7
104.8
99.9
108.9
100.0
114.8
112.8
104.5
107.2
112.5
110.7
114.7
57.8
60.0
62.5
62.8
64.2
73.0
73.9
79.8
88.3
89.6
99.5
103.0
100.4
100.0
103.9
104.8
100.2
110.1
109.2
110.6
110.0
107.0
104.0
111.2
108.4
111.5
51.9
54.0
58.5
49.7
46.7
59.3
58.7
61.9
73.3
77.8
86.3
100.7
112.4
100.0
103.2
104.7
98.8
105.5
115.5
130.4
122.5
97.7
118.6
116.5
118.9
125.4
3.1
.9
2.8
.6
4.1
2.0
3.0
.9
2.7
.5
4.1
2.0
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 137. Motors and generators (SIC 3621): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
195b
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961 .................................
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966 .................................
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971 .................................
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-79............................
1974-79............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
55.8
58.7
67.0
61.4
48.8
61.0
62.7
63.4
70.1
72.1
80.7
92.6
102.6
100.0
100.6
101.7
92.0
90.5
88.6
102.4
100.2
76.0
86.2
96.6
104.2
105.3
97.4
99.9
107.7
101.8
81.5
87.8
88.0
83.2
82.7
84.0
85.1
91.3
98.9
100.0
98.1
98.6
91.3
83.1
80.6
88.7
87.3
71.2
78.4
84.5
92.1
89.8
93.6
96.7
104.9
94.7
74.2
82.9
82.1
77.4
78.8
81.4
82.4
91.0
101.2
100.0
97.5
98.1
89.5
81.3
80.8
91.1
88.5
68.9
79.6
84.6
93.0
91.0
110.3
110.7
117.0
126.3
106.3
104.7
108.3
103.2
96.0
93.1
94.3
92.3
91.3
100.0
100.0
100.2
97.2
89.5
79.6
80.8
83.4
79.2
74.3
84.2
88.9
85.6
99.3
100.4
109.0
104.0
82.9
88.3
90.2
85.0
83.3
83.5
84.1
90.4
99.6
100.0
97.0
97.0
92.1
83.1
88.6
89.2
88.8
72.7
80.4
85.9
94.1
91.8
96.6
97.8
107.2
97.7
76.0
83.6
84.8
79.4
79.4
80.5
81.1
89.9
102.2
100.0
96.8
97.0
91.8
82.2
81.1
92.6
91.1
71.0
82.9
86.9
96.1
94.4
107.6
108.7
114.5
123.6
104.4
102.9
106.9
102.5
95.6
92.7
93.5
92.0
91.3
100.0
97.5
97.1
93.1
85.8
76.7
78.5
81.8
77.8
72.7
82.9
87.6
84.0
2.5
3.8
-.5
2.9
-.2
3.2
-1.5
1.7
-.5
2.9
-.2
3.3
-1.5
1.8
1 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
differ from those previously published.
149
Chart 71. Major household appliances (SIC 3631, 3632, 3633, 3639): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
Ratio s c a le
180 i 160 140 -
180
120
-
120
100
-
100
80 -
— 80
160
140
I
60 -
—‘ 60
180 r 160 140 -
180
H 160
140
120
-
120
100
-
100
80 -
80
60 -
60
180 p
160 140 -
p 180
160
140
120
-
120
100
-
100
80 -
80
60 -
60
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
150
Table 138. Major household appliances (SIC 3631, 3632, 3633, 3639): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-79
(1967=100)
Output per employee
Output per hour '
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
58.3
63.6
66.3
70.6
76.8
87.7
91.4
94.2
94.5
100.0
105.2
108.8
106.3
121.4
133.0
135.1
134.9
140.7
145.2
149.8
150.5
155.0
61.3
65.1
68.9
73.7
78.3
87.8
91.1
94.3
93.2
100.0
104.4
109.6
107.3
123.0
132.7
134.4
136.7
145.2
149.5
150.5
150.8
154.8
48.0
57.4
56.9
59.5
70.8
87.3
92.3
93.6
100.2
100.0
108.9
106.0
102.0
114.5
134.4
138.7
127.8
124.3
129.5
147.3
148.7
156.0
59.4
64.4
65.9
71.4
79.5
89.5
93.9
97.7
96.1
100.0
107.0
109.0
107.5
122.7
134.4
135.9
132.1
136.7
142.7
148.5
145.5
150.1
62.7
66.1
68.2
75.0
81.6
89.8
94.2
98.5
95.0
100.0
105.9
109.0
107.8
123.4
133.3
134.3
132.7
139.4
145.6
148.1
144.4
148.3
49.0
58.4
57.6
59.8
71.1
87.6
92.9
94.0
100.0
100.0
111.9
109.4
106.4
119.6
139.5
142.7
130.2
126.8
132.5
149.3
150.7
158.8
4.7
2.7
4.6
2.1
5.2
4.9
4.5
2.5
4.3
2.0
5.2
4.8
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 ....................... .........
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 139. Major household appliances (SIC 3631, 3632, 3633, 3639): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-79
(1967 - 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
53.9
62.8
62.5
61.8
69.3
76.9
85.4
92.6
97.5
100.0
110.9
110.9
106.9
101.1
117.2
127.3
113.7
104.7
116.3
131.1
136.5
134.2
92.4
98.8
94.3
87.5
90.2
87.7
93.4
98.3
103.2
100.0
105.4
101.9
100.6
83.3
88.1
94.2
84.3
74.4
80.1
87.5
90.7
86.6
87.9
96.4
90.7
83.8
88.5
87.6
93.7
98.2
104.6
100.0
106.2
101.2
99.6
82.2
88.3
94.7
83.2
72.1
77.8
87.1
90.5
86.7
112.2
109.4
109.9
103.9
97.9
88.1
92.5
98.9
97.3
100.0
101.8
104.6
104.8
88.3
87.2
91.8
89.0
84.2
89.8
89.0
91.8
86.0
90.7
97.5
94.8
86.5
87.2
85.9
90.9
94.8
101.5
100.0
103.6
101.7
99.4
82.4
87.2
93.7
86.1
76.6
81.5
88.3
93.8
89.4
86.0
95.0
91.6
82.4
84.9
85.6
90.7
94.0
102.6
100.0
104.7
101.7
99.2
81.9
87.9
94.8
85.7
75.1
79.9
88.5
94.5
90.5
110.1
107.5
108.5
103.4
97.5
87.8
91.9
98.5
97.5
100.0
99.1
101.4
100.5
84.5
84.0
89.2
87.3
82.6
87.8
87.8
90.6
84.5
4.1
5.1
-.6
2.4
-.5
2.9
-1.0
.2
-.3
2.5
-.2
3.1
-1.1
.3
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
151
Chart 72. Household cooking equipment (SIC 3631): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a l e
—i 260
- 240
H 220
200
H 180
160
H 140
120
100
- 1 80
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
—
100
80
260
240
220
200
180
160
. 140
j 120
-I 100
i
_ 1
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
152
80
Table 140. Household cooking equipment (SIC 3631): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-79
(1967=100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 ................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 ..
1968 ..
1969 ..
1970 ..
1971 ..
1972 ..
1973 ..
1974 ..
1975 ..
1976 ..
1977 ..
1978 ..
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
79.4
83.4
81.5
84.4
87.4
95.5
96.4
101.2
100.1
100.0
108.4
113.4
110.2
120.4
128.9
134.9
138.4
152.8
156.1
153.6
152.8
142.0
80.2
82.9
85.7
88.0
91.1
94.9
97.4
100.0
98.7
100.0
107.5
114.8
111.8
122.3
128.6
134.0
144.1
161.4
164.6
161.2
157.0
145.6
76.0
85.7
68.2
73.0
75.5
98.2
92.9
106.1
106.4
100.0
111.9
108.2
104.4
113.5
130.3
138.6
119.8
126.7
130.1
130.1
138.3
129.3
81.1
85.3
81.2
84.7
85.9
97.9
96.8
104.0
102.2
100.0
110.9
114.7
111.5
122.9
132.4
138.6
134.6
147.6
154.7
152.3
148.0
138.2
82.1
84.6
85.3
88.3
89.2
97.6
97.7
103.5
101.2
100.0
109.9
115.7
112.3
124.2
131.5
137.6
138.6
153.8
162.0
158.8
150.5
140.2
77.6
87.3
69.0
73.4
75.8
98.8
94.0
106.1
106.1
100.0
114.7
111.4
108.7
118.1
135.7
142.1
121.5
128.8
132.9
132.4
139.7
131.6
3.5
.3
3.6
-.1
3.1
1.9
3.3
.4
3.4
-.1
3.2
1.8
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 141. Household cooking equipment (SIC 3631): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-79
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 ' ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
72.3
79.4
80.0
78.4
79.2
92.1
94.0
106.1
103.7
100.0
114.7
121.5
118.6
128.9
151.2
171.2
146.4
134.6
175.1
189.6
203.2
188.4
91.1
95.2
98.2
92.9
90.6
96.4
97.5
104.8
103.6
100.0
105.8
107.1
107.6
107.1
117.3
126.9
105.8
88.1
112.2
123.4
133.0
132.7
90.1
95.8
93.3
89.1
86.9
97.1
96.5
106.1
105.1
100.0
106.7
105.8
106.1
105.4
117.6
127.8
101.6
83.4
106.4
117.6
129.4
129.4
95.1
92.6
117.3
107.4
104.9
93.8
101.2
100.0
97.5
100.0
102.5
112.3
113.6
113.6
116.0
123.5
122.2
106.2
134.6
145.7
146.9
145.7
89.2
93.1
98.5
92.6
92.2
94.1
97.1
102.0
101.5
100.0
103.4
105.9
106.4
104.9
114.2
123.5
108.8
91.2
113.2
124.5
137.3
136.3
88.1
93.8
93.8
88.8
88.8
94.4
96.2
102.5
102.5
100.0
104.4
105.0
105.6
103.8
115.0
124.4
105.6
87.5
108.1
119.4
135.0
134.4
93.2
90.9
115.9
106.8
104.5
93.2
100.0
100.0
97.7
100.0
100.0
109.1
109.1
109.1
111.4
120.5
120.5
104.5
131.8
143.2
145.5
143.2
5.0
7.6
1.4
7.3
1.3
7.8
1.8
5.7
1.6
7.2
1.5
7.7
1.8
5.7
' Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may ditfer from those previously published.
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
153
Chart 73. Household refrigerators and freezers (SIC 3632): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
154
Table 142. Household refrigerators and freezers (SIC 3632): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 ...............................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 ..................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 ...
1972 ...
1973 ...
1974 ...
1975 ...
1976 ...
1977 ...
1978 ...
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
50.1
55.0
60.5
64.6
69.7
81.9
87.8
90.7
91.7
100.0
104.6
109.5
105.8
128.8
141.7
141.3
143.1
139.9
139.6
148.4
145.5
170.2
51.8
54.8
61.0
65.5
69.0
82.7
87.5
90.7
90.4
100.0
104.3
110.5
107.0
129.6
140.6
141.9
145.0
145.2
145.0
148.4
144.7
167.5
43.0
55.9
57.5
60.1
73.8
78.4
89.2
90.7
99.2
100.0
106.0
104.5
100.8
125.4
147.1
138.4
133.5
118.0
118.2
148.9
149.8
186.9
51.3
56.6
60.1
65.8
75.1
84.3
91.4
95.3
93.4
100.0
106.9
111.0
108.1
129.9
143.9
143.2
145.2
137.6
136.7
148.0
141.9
163.5
53.2
56.5
60.4
67.1
75.2
85.4
91.8
96.1
92.2
100.0
106.4
111.6
108.7
129.4
142.1
143.0
147.4
141.5
140.5
147.1
139.9
158.7
44.1
57.1
58.6
60.4
74.3
78.9
89.9
91.4
99.4
100.0
109.3
108.2
105.4
131.8
153.1
143.4
136.0
120.9
121.0
151.6
152.7
191.4
5.5
3.0
5.5
2.1
5.6
7.8
5.3
2.2
5.2
1.1
5.7
7.8
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 143. Household refrigerators and freezers (SIC 3632): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-79
(1967=100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ...........
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
40.2
50.2
53.4
51.8
59.6
68.5
79.0
87.4
95.0
100.0
110.5
107.0
99.6
79.6
92.5
94.5
89.6
89.0
86.4
99.9
102.3
103.0
80.2
91.3
88.3
80.2
85.5
83.6
90.0
96.4
103.6
100.0
105.6
97.7
94.1
61.8
65.3
66.9
62.6
63.6
61.9
67.3
70.3
60.5
77.6
91.6
87.5
79.1
86.4
82.8
90.3
96.4
105.1
100.0
105.9
96.8
93.1
61.4
65.8
66.6
61.8
61.3
59.6
67.3
70.7
61.5
93.4
89.8
92.8
86.2
80.8
87.4
88.6
96.4
95.8
100.0
104.2
102.4
98.8
63.5
62.9
68.3
67.1
75.4
73.1
67.1
68.3
55.1
78.3
88.7
88.9
78.7
79.4
81.3
86.4
91.7
101.7
100.0
103.4
96.4
92.1
61.3
64.3
66.0
61.7
64.7
63.2
67.5
72.1
63.0
75.6
88.8
88.4
77.2
79.3
80.2
86.1
90.9
103.0
100.0
103.9
95.9
91.6
61.5
65.1
66.1
60.8
62.9
61.5
67.9
73.1
64.9
91.2
87.9
91.2
85.7
80.2
86.8
87.9
95.6
95.6
100.0
101.1
98.9
94.5
60.4
60.4
65.9
65.9
73.6
71.4
65.9
67.0
53.8
3.5
3.7
-1.9
.6
-1.9
1.5
___________________l
-2.0
-3.8
' Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
Employees
i
|
!
|
i
!
|
!
-1.7
|
-1.6
-2.1
1.4
2.5
-3.9
_____!_____________ I
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
155
Chart 74. Household laundry equipment (SIC 3633): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
—1 60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1078 1979
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
156
Table 144. Household laundry equipment (SIC 3633): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-79
(1967=100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79............................
1974-79............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
59.3
64.5
63.3
69.2
76.8
91.4
90.5
91.6
94.7
100.0
102.8
103.4
105.4
116.6
123.9
131.5
126.0
138.5
145.9
147.4
152.8
153.3
64.4
68.9
68.8
75.8
82.6
90.5
89.0
94.8
94.6
100.0
101.1
102.5
105.9
116.5
121.6
128.6
126.3
139.2
146.3
145.2
150.4
150.0
44.7
50.9
47.7
50.8
59.6
95.0
97.4
80.4
95.1
100.0
110.4
107.0
103.0
117.3
134.7
144.5
125.2
135.0
144.4
157.9
164.1
169.0
61.7
65.7
63.7
70.7
78.9
93.9
94.2
95.5
97.0
100.0
104.2
101.8
106.1
120.4
125.2
132.6
119.9
132.6
143.2
144.9
149.0
151.2
67.7
70.4
69.0
78.1
85.6
93.7
93.4
99.9
97.7
100.0
102.3
99.8
105.6
119.8
122.1
129.0
118.1
131.3
142.1
141.8
145.6
146.7
45.6
51.9
48.4
51.0
60.0
94.6
97.7
81.1
94.6
100.0
113.0
111.0
108.1
122.7
139.4
149.5
127.9
137.7
147.6
166.8
165.5
172.7
4.6
3.7
4.1
3.1
6.3
6.4
4.3
4.4
3.7
4.1
6.4
6.4
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 145. Household laundry equipment (SIC 3633): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964 .................................
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 ...................... ..........
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
68.4
76.7
67.1
68.4
75.0
77.4
86.6
90.3
101.0
100.0
110.4
111.0
105.6
114.4
133.1
142.8
122.1
103.3
114.1
126.6
131.6
133.5
115.3
118.9
106.0
98.8
97.6
84.7
95.7
98.6
106.7
100.0
107.4
107.4
100.2
98.1
107.4
108.6
96.9
74.6
78.2
85.9
86.1
87.1
106.2
111.3
97.6
90.2
90.8
85.5
97.3
95.3
106.8
100.0
109.2
108.3
99.7
98.2
109.5
111.0
96.7
74.2
78.0
87.2
87.5
89.0
153.1
150.6
140.7
134.6
125.9
81.5
88.9
112.3
106.2
100.0
100.0
103.7
102.5
97.5
98.8
98.8
97.5
76.5
79.0
80.2
80.2
79.0
110.8
116.7
105.4
96.8
95.0
82.4
91.9
94.6
104.1
100.0
105.9
109.0
99.5
95.0
106.3
107.7
101.8
77.9
79.7
87.4
88.3
88.3
101.1
109.0
97.2
87.6
87.6
82.6
92.7
90.4
103.4
100.0
107.9
111.2
100.0
95.5
109.0
110.7
103.4
78.7
80.3
89.3
90.4
91.0
150.0
147.7
138.6
134.1
125.0
81.8
88.6
111.4
106.8
100.0
97.7
100.0
97.7
93.2
95.5
95.5
95.5
75.0
77.3
75.9
79.5
77.3
3.4
3.7
-1.1
(2)
-.7
.5
-2.7
-2.5
-.8
-.7
-.3
-.3
-2.8
-2.5
Preliminary.
? Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
Employees
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
157
Chart 75. Household appliances, not elsewhere classified (SIC 3639): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
200
180
160
140
120
100
-* 80
200
180
160
140
120
100
—1 80
200
180
160
140
120
100
- 1 80
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
158
Table 146. Household appliances, not elsewhere classified (SIC 9696): tadexae of output pm smdNyst hour and output par employee,
1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour '
Output per employee '
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
64.2
72.6
76.2
80.7
89.9
94.4
102.2
104.2
97.0
100.0
107.2
108.1
104.0
112.7
134.2
126.7
125.9
132.9
140.3
151.2
156.0
149.2
69.8
79.6
79.7
85.6
91.1
93.7
101.4
101.0
94.4
100.0
105.6
108.6
103.3
113.7
133.7
120.4
118.7
130.6
134.4
140.8
150.0
143.4
50.9
56.4
66.6
68.0
86.6
96.6
104.6
116.1
106.5
100.0
112.6
106.3
106.3
109.9
135.7
152.8
156.5
141.2
164.3
200.1
179.2
171.4
62.2
68.3
74.1
79.5
87.9
92.5
100.2
102.6
96.6
100.0
106.5
105.8
101.6
109.0
129.9
119.2
118.5
126.4
135.0
146.3
144.0
140,5
67.1
73.4
77.0
84.1
88.4
91.4
99.0
98.5
93.9
100.0
104.1
104.5
99.0
107.4
126.8
110.4
109.2
121.8
127.0
134.0
134.6
131.9
51.2
56.7
66.9
68.3
86.6
96.2
104.1
116.6
105.4
100.0
113.9
109.7
110.1
113.6
139.8
155.6
158.0
142.3
165.6
201.1
181.6
174.1
3.7
4.1
3.2
4.1
5.6
4.0
3.6
3.9
2.9
3.8
5.6
4.1
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 147. Household appliances, not elsewhere classified (SIC 3696): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-79
(1967= 100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
67.8
73.4
70.8
72.3
86.6
90.5
98.0
99.5
93.0
100.0
107.2
109.7
119.8
120.3
135.7
160.1
144.1
125.5
146.1
171.5
176.3
174.1
105.6
101.1
92.9
89.6
96.3
95.9
95.9
95.5
95.9
100.0
100.0
101.5
115.2
106.7
101.1
126.4
114.5
94.4
104.1
113.4
113.0
116.7
97.1
92.2
88.8
84.5
95.1
96.6
96.6
98.5
98.5
100.0
101.5
101.0
116.0
105.8
101.5
133.0
121.4
96.1
108.7
121.8
117.5
121.4
133.3
130.2
106.3
106.3
100.0
93.7
93.7
85.7
87.3
100.0
95.2
103.2
112.7
109.5
100.0
104.8
92.1
88.9
88.9
85.7
98.4
101.6
109.0
107.5
95.5
91.0
98.5
97.8
97.8
97.0
96.3
100.0
100.7
103.7
117.9
110.4
104.5
134.3
121.6
99.3
108.2
117.2
122.4
123.9
101.0
100.0
92.0
86.0
98.0
99.0
99.0
101.0
99.0
100.0
103.0
105.0
121.0
112.0
107.0
145.0
132.0
103.0
115.0
128.0
131.0
132.0
132.4
129.4
105.9
105.9
100.0
94.1
94.1
85.3
88.2
100.0
94.1
100.0
108.8
105.9
97.1
102.9
91.2
88.2
88.2
85.3
97.1
100.0
4.6
6.3
.9
2.1
1.4
2.1
-.9
2.2
1.0
2.3
1.7
2.4
-.9
2.1
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
Employees
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
150
Chart 76. Electric lamps (SIC 3641): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
140
-
130
120
H 110
100
H
90
80
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
140
130
120
1 10
100
90
- 1 80
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
160
Table 148. Electric lamps (SIC 3641): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960 .................................
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
71.4
76.1
79.4
76.4
78.8
84.2
86.4
85.1
90.5
92.4
95.5
101.5
102.1
100.0
103.4
102.3
101.0
100.1
106.2
104.0
104.5
113.3
121.9
119.6
123.2
127.9
72.5
76.7
79.2
77.9
81.7
85.8
87.9
86.8
91.7
93.1
96.3
101.5
101.4
100.0
103.3
102.9
100.7
100.2
105.7
103.0
105.0
114.8
122.8
120.6
123.7
127.6
64.5
71.9
81.4
66.9
62.0
73.9
77.1
74.0
81.7
88.2
90.3
101.4
107.5
100.0
104.1
97.9
104.1
98.9
109.4
112.1
100.2
103.5
115.8
113.4
119.8
130.0
70.6
77.0
81.3
76.7
78.5
86.6
85.8
85.6
91.9
93.9
96.7
104.2
104.9
100.0
104.4
102.3
102.8
100.7
108.5
106.4
104.7
114.1
126.1
122.7
127.9
131.7
71.3
77.5
81.1
78.1
81.1
88.4
87.0
87.3
93.4
94.8
97.7
104.6
104.5
100.0
104.3
102.7
102.2
100.5
107.9
105.3
105.0
115.3
127.1
123.6
128.7
131.5
2.0
3.6
2.0
3.4
2.5
5.0
2.1
4.3
2.1
4.2
Nonproduction workers
65.6
73.1
82.8
68.1
63.1
75.1
77.9
74.3
81.7
88.3
90.3
101.4
107.5
100.0
104.9
99.8
107.3
101.9
112.7
115.1 .
102.4
105.7
118.4
115.9
122.5
132.9
2.6
5.1
: The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
2 Preliminary.
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 149. Electric lamps (SIC 3641): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971 .................................
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976 .................................
1977 ....
1978 ....
1979 1 .
Average annual percent
change:
1954-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
50.3
56.1
63.5
63.3
57.2
68.1
68.9
64.0
72.2
75.9
79.8
89.6
100.0
100.0
109.8
106.8
107.3
106.7
120.6
128.5
119.1
110.7
126.7
126.7
131.1
136.0
70.4
73.7
80.0
82.8
72.6
80.9
79.7
75.2
79.8
82.1
83.6
88.3
97.9
100.0
106.2
104.4
106.2
106.6
113.6
123.6
114.0
97.7
103.9
105.9
106.4
106.3
69.4
73.1
80.2
81.3
70.0
79.4
78.4
73.7
78.7
81.5
82.9
88.3
98.6
100.0
106.3
103.8
106.6
106.5
114.1
124.8
113.4
96.4
103.2
105.1
106.0
106.6
78.0
78.0
78.0
94.6
92.2
92.2
89.4
86.5
88.4
86.1
88.4
88.4
93.0
100.0
105.5
109.1
103.1
107.9
110.2
114.6
118.9
107.0
109.4
111.7
109.4
104.6
71.2
72.9
78.1
82.5
72.9
78.6
80.3
74.8
78.6
80.8
82.5
86.0
95.3
100.0
105.2
104.4
104.4
106.0
111.2
120.8
113.7
97.0
100.5
103.3
102.5
103.3
70.5
72.4
78.3
81.1
70.5
77.0
79.2
73.3
77.3
80.1
81.7
85.7
95.7
100.0
105.3
104.0
105.0
106.2
111.8
122.0
113.4
96.0
99.7
102.5
101.9
103.4
76.7
76.7
76.7
93.0
90.7
90.7
88.4
86.1
88.4
86.0
88.4
88.4
93.0
100.0
104.7
107.0
100.0
104.7
107.0
111.6
116.3
104.7
107.0
109.3
107.0
102.3
4.0
3.4
1.9
-.2
2.0
(2)
1.5
-1.6
1.8
-.8
1.9
-.7
1.4
-1.6
■ Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
161
Chart 77. Lighting fixtures (SIC 3645, 3646, 3647, 3648): Output per hour and related data, 1967-78
(1967 = 100)
Ratio scale
170
160
x50
140
130
120
110
—1 100
90
—I 80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
170
H 160
—
—i
-i
-j
—I
“ j
150
140
130
120
110
100
—I 90
i „
—1 70
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
162
Table 150. Lighting fixtures (SIC 3645, 3646, 3647, 3648): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1961-78
(1967=100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967 .................................
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977 .................................
1978 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1961-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
83.6
91.1
91.0
93.0
97.4
100.5
100.0
102.9
108.1
105.4
113.0
122.4
126.0
120.8
118.9
126.6
132.5
132.9
82.6
89.5
90.4
93.4
95.4
99.1
100.0
104.0
109.9
109.3
116.1
124.9
126.6
124.7
125.6
130.1
138.6
137.6
87.4
97.3
93.7
92.3
105.1
105.8
100.0
99.0
102.1
93.3
102.5
114.2
123.4
108.4
99.3
115.1
113.7
118.1
82.1
90.4
91.4
92.6
98.7
100.1
100.0
104.3
108.5
105.5
111.1
122.7
125.2
118.5
115.5
123.0
129.3
129.6
80.5
88.3
90.5
92.5
96.9
98.5
100.0
105.0
109.4
108.1
112.4
123.8
124.6
121.1
120.6
124.6
133.8
132.5
88.0
98.1
94.3
93.0
105.8
106.1
100.0
101.9
105.6
97.7
107.2
118.8
127.3
110.6
100.9
117.8
115.8
120.4
2.6
3.0
3.0
3.0
1.3
3.1
2.5
3.0
2.8
2.9
1.5
3.1
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 151. Lighting fixtures (SIC 3645, 3646, 3647, 3648): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1961-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Output
All employees
Index:
1961 .................................
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974 .................................
1975
1976
1977
1978 1
Average annual percent
change:
1961-78 ............................
1974-78 ............................
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
77.1
80.3
83.4
88.1
95.4
100.2
100.0
103.1
111.3
106.5
105.0
110.8
117.0
104.8
89.2
97.1
103.1
108.2
78.6
82.2
84.2
88.2
97.2
101.8
100.0
102.4
110.4
104.0
103.8
109.8
117.6
102.6
85.4
95.8
99.6
105.8
71.9
74.0
80.8
87.7
89.0
94.5
100.0
105.5
114.4
115.1
108.9
114.4
115.1
112.3
102.1
101.4
115.1
116.4
1.5
2.1
1.2
2.2
All employees
63.3
72.6
76.2
81.6
94.2
100.3
100.0
107.5
120.8
112.4
116.7
135.9
146.5
124.2
103.0
119.4
133.3
140.2
75.7
79.7
83.7
87.7
96.7
99.8
100.0
104.5
111.7
106.6
103.3
111.0
116.3
102.8
36.6
94.3
100.6
105.5
76.6
81.1
84.3
87.4
98.7
101.2
100.0
103.4
109.9
102.8
100.5
108.8
115.7
99.6
82.0
91.8
96.2
101.9
72.4
74.6
81.3
88.4
89.6
94.8
100.0
108.6
118.3
120.5
113.8
119.0
118.7
114.6
103.7
103.7
117.2
118.7
4.0
5.1
1.3
2.0
.9
2.1
2.6
T9
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
L
I
|
I
;
2.5
1.9
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
163
Chart 78. Radio and television receiving sets (SIC 3651): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
180
160
140
-
-
120
-
100
—
80
—
60
40
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
J
40
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
- 1 40
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
164
Table 152. Radio and television receiving sets (SIC 3651): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee
Output per hour '
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975 .................................
1976
1977
1978
1979 ?
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
62.9
67.2
68.8
70.5
78.5
87.4
87.2
95.5
98.4
100.0
106.7
102.8
106.2
111.6
132.2
128.7
124.4
125.7
137.3
132.9
146.4
150.7
66.2
69.0
72.3
75.1
81.1
87.9
87.3
94.3
95.9
100.0
108.2
105.8
115.6
118.8
136.0
131.4
132.3
137.7
151.6
143.2
162.7
169.1
50.5
59.8
55.8
54.1
67.9
85.2
86.5
102.3
112.5
100.0
100.2
90.3
75.9
86.0
116.1
117.3
95.9
88.2
93.9
98.9
98.3
98.1
63.7
68.1
69.4
69.8
79.2
88.4
89.7
99.5
100.4
100.0
107.3
104.1
107.2
112.6
132.5
127.8
119.3
122.5
135.2
130.2
142.2
144.7
67.1
69.8
73.0
74.2
82.0
88.9
90.2
98.8
98.1
100.0
108.3
106.8
115.9
118.9
135.3
129.2
125.1
132.9
148.3
138.9
156.2
159.9
51.5
60.9
56.6
54.4
68.3
85.5
87.3
102.8
112.6
100.0
102.9
93.2
79.3
89.8
120.5
120.9
97.7
89.8
96.1
100.4
99.7
99.8
4.1
4.0
4.5
4.9
2.7
1.4
3.8
4.0
4.1
4.8
2.8
1.3
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
differ from those previously published.
specific output of any single group of employees.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
? Preliminary.
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 153. Radio and television receiving sets (SIC 3651): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-79
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 ...
1969 ...
1970 ...
1971 ...
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
36.3
43.7
42.7
45.9
56.3
61.5
66.5
85.4
111.9
100.0
103.4
94.1
82.4
86.7
98.2
100.8
89.6
72.3
82.9
83.2
93.4
91.0
57.7
65.0
62.1
65.1
71.7
70.4
76.3
89.4
113.7
100.0
96.9
91.5
77.6
77.7
74.3
78.3
72.0
57.5
60.4
62.6
63.8
60.4
54.8
63.3
59.1
61.1
69.4
70.0
76.2
90.6
116.7
100.0
95.6
88.9
71.3
73.0
72.2
76.7
67.7
52.5
54.7
58.1
57.4
53.8
71.9
73.1
76.5
84.8
82.9
72.2
76.9
83.5
99.5
100.0
103.2
104.2
108.5
100.8
84.6
85.9
93.4
82.0
88.3
84.1
95.0
92.8
57.0
64.2
61.5
65.8
71.1
69.6
74.1
85.8
111.5
100.0
96.4
90.4
76.9
77.0
74.1
78.9
75.1
59.0
61.3
63.9
65.7
62.9
54.1
62.6
58.5
61.9
68.7
69.2
73.7
86.4
114.1
100.0
95.5
88.1
71.1
72.9
72.6
78.0
71.6
54.4
55.9
59.9
59.8
56.9
70.5
71.7
75.5
84.3
82.4
71.9
76.2
83.1
99.4
100.0
100.5
101.0
103.9
96.6
81.5
83.4
91.7
80.5
86.3
82.9
93.7
91.2
3.7
2.5
-.4
-1.5
-.7
-2.3
.9
1.0
-.1
-1.5
-.4
-2.2
.9
1.1
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
165
Chart 79. Motor vehicles and equipment (SIC 371): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
200
180
H 160
140
-
120
-
100
-
80
60
2 00
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
2 00
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
166
Table 154. Motor vehicles and equipment (SIC 371): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1957-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee
Output per hour '
Year
Index:
1957 ................................
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963 .................................
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968 .................................
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973 ................................
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978 .................................
1979 : ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1957-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
68.9
66.9
73.3
79.6
80.6
88.4
91.9
92.8
99.0
99.5
100.0
108.3
106.2
101.8
118.2
122.1
123.9
118.8
127.1
136.0
145.1
144.0
138.7
67.6
69.2
72.5
78.5
81.9
87.2
90.4
91.9
96.0
97.9
100.0
106.0
105.0
103.0
117.0
120.3
122.1
120.6
128.1
134.4
142.8
141.6
138.5
73.3
60.5
75.9
83.1
76.7
92.6
96.7
96.1
110.1
105.9
100.0
116.1
110.4
97.7
122.3
128.1
129.8
113.1
123.8
141.9
153.3
152.3
139.4
68.9
65.3
73.7
79.8
79.4
91.6
95.5
97.0
105.8
103.8
100.0
113.5
108.5
100.4
118.7
127.5
131.0
118.2
125.2
142.3
155.3
152.1
140.1
67.7
67.3
73.0
78.9
80.4
91.2
94.9
96.8
103.9
102.6
100.0
112.0
107.4
101.8
118.1
126.8
130.2
120.0
126.5
141.1
154.0
150.2
139.5
73.3
59.6
76.4
83.3
75.8
93.2
97.9
97.4
112.4
108.3
100.0
119.1
112.5
95.9
120.7
129.9
133.7
112.9
120.9
146.2
160.2
158.6
142.3
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.0
3.5
5.1
3.6
4.4
3.5
4.0
3.6
6.1
SOURCE: Output based on data from company records; the Motor Vehicle
Manufacturers Association of the U.S., Inc.; the Gousha/Times Mirror Company (Automobile
Invoice Service); Ward’s Communications, Inc. (Ward’s Automotive Yearbooks); the Bureau
of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data
from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and company records.
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
? Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
Table 155. Motor vehicles and equipment (SIC 371): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1957-79
(1967=100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
I960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 ................................
1970 .................................
1971 ................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 ' ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1957-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
65.0
48.6
62.6
70.9
61.5
77.7
86.8
89.5
109.3
109.7
100.0
121.6
121.2
98.3
123.4
136.7
156.8
131.6
121.6
153.7
179.4
186.3
169.9
94.4
72.6
85.4
89.1
76.3
87.9
94.5
96.4
110.4
110.2
100.0
112.3
114.1
96.6
104.4
112.0
126.6
110.8
95.7
113.0
123.6
129.4
122.5
96.2
70.2
86.4
90.3
75.1
89.1
96.0
97.4
113.8
112.1
100.0
114.7
115.4
95.4
105.5
113.6
128.4
109.1
94.9
114.4
125.6
131.6
122.7
88.7
80.3
82.5
85.3
80,2
83.9
89.8
93.1
99.3
103.6
100.0
104.7
109.8
100.6
100.9
106.7
120.8
116.4
98.2
108.3
117.0
122.3
121.9
94.3
74.4
84.9
88.8
77.5
84.8
90.9
92.3
103.3
105.7
100.0
107.1
111.7
97.9
104.0
107.2
119.7
111.3
97.1
108.0
115.5
122.5
121.3
96.0
72.2
85.8
89.9
76.5
85.2
91.5
92.5
105.2
106.9
100.0
108.6
112.9
96.6
104.5
107.8
120.4
109.7
96.1
108.9
116.5
124.0
121.8
88.7
81.5
81.9
85.1
81.1
83.4
88.7
91.9
97.2
101.3
100.0
102.1
107.7
102.5
102.2
105.2
117.3
116.6
100.6
105.1
112.0
117.5
119.4
5.3
8.1
1.9
4.4
1.9
4.9
1.8
2.8
1.7
3.5
1.7
3.9
1.7
1.9
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from company records; the Motor Vehicle
Manufacturers Association of the U.S., Inc.; the Gousha/Times Mirror Company
Employees
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
(Automobile Invoice Service); Ward’s Communications, Inc. (Ward’s Automotive
Yearbooks); the Bureau of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and
company records.
167
Chart 80. Railroad transportation, revenue traffic (SIC 401): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
—1 60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
H
90
80
70
- 1 60
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
168
Table 156. Railroad transportation, revenue traffic (SIC 401)1: Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 2
Output per hour 1
2
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
48.9
51.9
52.9
53.0
56.9
60.7
62.4
67.4
72.3
76.0
80.9
90.1
97.2
100.0
105.3
109.3
107.6
111.9
121.7
133.2
129.6
123.9
131.9
138.4
148.6
148.5
47.5
50.3
51.4
51.8
56.2
60.0
61.9
67.2
72.0
75.7
80.6
90.2
97.2
100.0
105.5
109.5
108.0
112.9
123.2
134.4
130.8
126.3
133.9
140.4
151.4
151.4
63.4
67.2
67.4
64.7
62.5
66.7
66.7
69.2
74.8
78.5
83.3
89.4
96.9
100.0
103.8
107.3
104.1
104.6
112.2
123.9
121.2
107.8
117.8
125.3
129.9
129.7
49.9
53.8
54.6
54.1
57.7
61.9
63.2
68.1
73.6
77.8
83.9
92.5
99.3
100.0
106.5
110.4
108.5
108.2
120.9
130.9
128.4
120.2
129.5
135.9
145.8
146.2
48.4
52.1
53.0
52.6
56.7
60.8
62.2
67.3
72.8
77.0
83.1
91.9
98.9
100.0
106.7
110.8
109.1
108.9
122.3
132.1
129.9
122.5
131.6
138.1
148.8
149.6
66.5
72.7
73.1
70.1
67.7
72.4
72.2
74.5
80.7
84.7
90.6
96.9
102.4
100.0
104.3
107.0
103.6
103.3
110.1
120.8
117.8
104.3
114.3
119.7
123.9
124.2
4.7
3.7
4.9
3.8
2.7
2.8
4.2
3.7
4.5
3.9
2.1
2.4
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 ................................
1962 ................................
1963 ................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 ................................
1969 ................................
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974 .................................
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979 J .............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Association of American Railroads and the
Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Employment and hours
based on data from the Interstate Commerce Commission.
1 Class I railroads and Class I switching and terminal companies.
2 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
3 Preliminary.
Table 157. Railroad transportation, revenue traffic (SIC 401)1: Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970 .................................
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975 .................................
1976
1977
1978
1979 2
Average annual percent
change:
;
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................j
i
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
87.4
93.7
94.2
88.4
80.4
83.7
81.9
81.0
85.4
87.7
92.4
97.4
102.8
100.0
103.2
104.8
101.0
98.8
104.2
114.0
112.0
97.0
104.6
110.6
113.4
116.1
178.7
180.7
178.2
166.9
141.4
137.8
131.2
120.1
118.1
115.4
114.2
108.1
105.8
100.0
98.0
95.9
93.9
88.3
85.6
85.6
86.4
78.3
79.3
79.9
76.3
78.2
184.0
186.1
183.1
170.8
143.1
139.4
132.3
120.5
118.6
115.9
114.6
108.0
105.8
100.0
97.8
95.7
93.5
87.5
84.6
84.8
85.6
76.8
78.1
78.8
74.9
76.7
137.9
139.5
139.8
136.6
128.6
125.4
122.7
117.1
114.2
111.7
110.9
109.0
106.1
100.0
99.4
97.7
97.0
94.5
92.9
92.0
92.4
90.0
88.8
88.3
87.3
89.5
175.2
174.2
172.4
163.5
139.3
135.2
129.5
119.0
116.1
112.7
110.1
105.3
103.5
100.0
96.9
94.9
93.1
91.3
86.2
87.1
87.2
80.7
80.8
81.4
77.8
79.4
180.7
179.9
177.9
168.2
141.9
137.6
131.6
120.4
117.3
113.9
111.2
106.0
103.9
100.0
96.7
94.6
92.6
90.7
85.2
86.3
86.2
79.2
79.5
80.1
76.2
77.6
131.5
128.8
128.8
126.1
118.8
115.6
113.5
108.7
105.8
103.6
102.0
100.5
100.4
100.0
98.9
97.9
97.5
95.6
94.6
94.4
95.1
93.0
91.5
92.4
91.5
93.5
.5
2.0
-4.0
-1.6
-2.1
-.7
-3.5
-1.6
-3.8
-1.8
-1.5
-.4
j
j
|
-4.2
-1.7
...-...‘
1 Class I railroads and Class I switching and terminal companies.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Association of American Railroads and
the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Employment
and hours based on data from the Interstate Commerce Commission.
169
Chart 81. Railroad transportation, car miles (SIC 401): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
170
Table 158. Railroad transportation, car miles (SIC 401)1: Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-79
(1967=100)
Output per employee 2
Output per h our2
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 3 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
57.4
60.9
62.3
64.3
69.4
72.1
74.4
78.4
81.0
83.8
86.7
92.5
97.3
100.0
102.1
104.5
104.7
108.2
115.5
119.2
116.2
115.5
117.5
117.5
124.0
122.6
55.8
59.1
60.6
62.8
68.6
71.3
73.8
78.1
80.7
83.4
86.4
92.6
97.3
100.0
102.4
104.7
105.1
109.1
116.9
120.3
117.3
117.7
119.3
119.2
126.3
125.0
74.4
78.9
79.4
78.6
76.3
79.3
79.5
80.4
83.8
86.6
89.3
91.7
97.0
100.0
100.7
102.6
101.3
101.1
106.5
110.9
108.7
100.4
105.0
106.3
108.4
107.2
58.6
63.1
64.4
65.6
70.4
73.5
75.4
79.1
82.4
85.8
89.9
95.0
99.4
100.0
103.3
105.6
105.6
104.6
114.7
117.1
115.1
112.0
115.3
115.4
121.6
120.8
56.8
61.1
62.4
63.8
69.1
72.2
74.2
78.2
81.6
84.9
89.0
94.3
99.0
100.0
103.5
105.9
106.2
105.3
116.1
118.2
116.5
114.1
117.2
117.2
124.1
123.6
78.0
85.4
86.2
85.1
82.6
86.0
86.0
86.6
90.5
93.3
97.1
99.5
102.5
100.0
101.2
102.3
100.8
99.9
104.5
108.1
105.6
97.2
101.9
101.6
103.4
102.6
3.6
1.4
3.8
1.5
1.6
.5
3.1
1.4
3.4
1.6
1.0
.1
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table may
differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Association of American Railroads and the
Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Employment and hours
based on data from the Interstate Commerce Commission.
1 Class I railroads and Class I switching and terminal companies.
2 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
3 Preliminary.
Table 159. Railroad transportation, car miles (SIC 401)1: Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 ....:............................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
102.6
110.0
111.0
107.3
98.1
99.4
97.6
94.1
95.7
96.7
99.0
100.0
102.9
100.0
100.1
100.2
98.3
95.5
98.9
102.0
100.4
90.4
93.2
93.9
94.6
95.9
178.7
180.7
178.2
166.9
141.4
137.8
131.2
120.1
118.1
115.4
114.2
108.1
105.8
100.0
98.0
95.9
93.9
88.3
85.6
85.6
86.4
78.3
79.3
79.9
76.3
78.2
184.0
186.1
183.1
170.8
143.1
139.4
132.3
120.5
118.6
115.9
114.6
108.0
105.8
100.0
97.8
95.7
93.5
87.5
84.6
84.8
85.6
76.8
78.1
78.8
74.9
76.7
137.9
139.5
139.8
136.6
128.6
125.4
122.7
117.1
114.2
111.7
110.9
109.0
106.1
100.0
99.4
97.7
97.0
94.5
92.9
92.0
92.4
90.0
88.8
88.3
87.3
89.5
-.5
-.2
-4.0
-1.6
-4.2
-1.7
-2.1
-.7
: Class I railroads and Class I switching and terminal companies.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
!
i
!
All employees
Production workers j
Nonproduction
workers
175.2
174.2
172.4
163.5
139.3
135.2
129.5
119.0
116.1
112.7
110.1
105.3
103.5
100.0
96.9
94.9
93.1
91.3
86.2
87.1
87.2
80.7
80.8
81.4
77.8
79.4
180.7
179.9
177.9
168.2
141.9
137.6
131.6
120.4
117.3
113.9
111.2
106.0
103.9
100.0
96.7
94.6
92.6
90.7
85.2
86.3
86.2
79.2
79.5
80.1
76.2
77.6
131.5
128.8
128.8
126.1
118.8
115.6
113.5
108.7
105.8
103.6
102.0
100.5
100.4
100.0
98.9
97.9
97.5
95.6
94.6
94.4
95.1
93.0
91.5
92.4
91.5
93.5
-3.5
-1.6
I.
;
-3.8
-1.8
j
|
-1.5
-.4
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Association of American Railroads and
the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Employment
and hours based on data from the Interstate Commerce Commission,
171
Chart 82. Bus carriers, Class I (parts of SIC 4111, 4131, 414): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
130
120
110
100
-
90
80
-
70
- -
60
-
50
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
- 1 50
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
172
Table 160. Bus carriers, Class I (Parts of SIC 4111, 4131, 414): Indexes of output per employee hour, output per employee,
output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967=100)
Year
Output per
employee hour
Output per
employee
Output
Employee hours
Employees
77.4
80.4
81.2
81.6
81.9
84.6
83.7
85.3
93.3
94.6
95.7
101.2
103.4
100.0
98.6
95.7
93.4
91.3
93.0
92.5
95.9
84.5
81.7
87.1
86.8
87.2
79.5
82.0
82.5
82.8
82.1
84.7
84.5
85.5
94.3
94.6
95.9
100.6
102.7
100.0
98.8
95.4
93.1
89.2
87.2
88.9
92.4
80.8
78.5
82.5
83.2
85.4
80.5
79.0
78.0
78.3
74.0
74.0
75.4
77.1
86.2
86.6
90.2
95.0
99.2
100.0
97.5
94.2
92.5
86.9
83.3
79.8
86.5
78.0
75.2
74.7
73.7
78.2
104.0
98.3
96.1
96.0
90.3
87.5
90.1
90.4
92.4
91.5
94.3
93.9
95.9
100.0
98.9
98.4
99.0
95.2
89.6
86.3
90.2
92.3
92.1
85.8
84.9
89.7
101.3
96.4
94.5
94.6
90.1
87.4
89.2
90.2
91.4
91.5
94.1
94.4
96.6
100.0
98.7
98.7
99.4
97.4
95.5
89.8
93.6
96.5
95.8
90.5
88.6
91.6
.4
-.9
.1
-.7
.1
-1.9
-.3
-1.0
(2)
-1.2
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 1 ..............................
1979 1 ......... ....................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-79............................
1974-79............................
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Interstate
Commerce Commission, the American Bus Association, and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
173
Chart 83. Intercity trucking (SIC 4213 part): Output per employee and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
— 200
— 180
— 160
— 140
120
100
80
- i 200
180
H 160
140
120
100
80
2 00
180
160
140
120
100
80
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 19*73 1974 1975 1976 1977 1973 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
174
Table 161. Intercity trucking (SIC 4213 part)1: Indexes of output per employee,
output, and employees, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 2 ..............................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output per
employee
Output
Employees
72.8
76.7
77.0
78.2
80.4
85.1
85.0
85.9
88.6
92.9
95.3
98.6
104.0
100.0
106.4
109.0
106.8
113.6
120.9
123.4
119.3
114.1
128.2
127.9
127.6
126.1
44.6
51.4
53.6
56.6
56.5
66.3
67.4
67.0
72.6
78.0
82.9
93.1
103.4
100.0
110.3
117.6
113.1
123.0
138.7
150.3
146.0
132.2
150.8
162.0
173.3
173.7
61.3
67.0
69.6
72.4
70.3
77.9
79.3
78.0
81.9
84.0
87.0
94.4
99.4
100.0
103.7
107.9
105.9
108.3
114.7
121.8
122.4
115.9
117.6
126.7
135.8
137.7
2.4
1.8
5.6
5.1
3.1
3.3
previously published.
SOURCE: Based on data from the Interstate
Commerce Commission and Trine Transportation
Consultants, a division of Dunn and Bradstreet, Inc.
: Class I and II common and contract carriers.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data,
the measures in this table may differ from those
175
Chart 84. Intercity trucking, general freight (SIC 4213 part): Output per employee and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
Ratio s c a le
200 p
- i 200
180 130 -
180
160
H
140
HO
-
120
-
120
100
-
100
80 -
80
200 j -
200
180 160 -
180
160
140 -
140
120
-
120
100
-
100
80 -
80
200 i -
200
180 160 —
180
160
HO
-
140
120
-
120
100
-
100
80
-
80
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
176
Table 162. Intercity trucking, general freight (SIC 4213 part)1: Indexes of output per
employee, output, and employees, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
I960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 2 ..............................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-79............................
1974-79............................
Output per
employee
Output
Employees
77.6
80.1
81.0
80.7
82.1
87.8
86.6
86.6
89.0
92.7
96.8
104.8
103.1
100.0
105.6
107.5
102.3
108.0
114.7
122.1
124.3
117.6
127.9
133.2
131.3
128.7
50.8
56.8
60.0
62.3
61.4
71.2
70.7
69.5
74.7
79.0
85.3
93.6
103.3
100.0
109.5
115.3
106.2
112.8
124.2
137.8
135.4
117.4
133.7
145.7
154.7
155.8
65.5
70.9
74.1
77.2
74.8
81.1
81.6
80.3
83.9
85.2
88.1
89.3
100.2
100.0
103.7
107.3
103.8
104.4
108.3
112.9
108.9
99.8
104.5
109.4
117.8
121.1
2.2
1.6
4.5
4.7
2.2
3.1
1 Class I and II common carriers of general freight.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data,
the measures in this table may differ from those
previously published.
SOURCE: Based on data from the Interstate
Commerce Commission and Trine Transportation
Consultants, a division of Dunn and Bradstreet, Inc.
177
Chart 85. Air transportation(SIC 4511): Output per employee and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
H 100
80
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
H ioo
80
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
H 120
100
80
1 9 6 7 1968 1969 1 9 7 0 1 9 7 1
1 9 7 2 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1 9 7 8 1979
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
178
Table 163. Air transportation (SIC 4511): Indexes of output per employee, output,
and employees, 1954-79
(1967=100)
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 ' ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output per
employee
Output
Employees
39.3
44.2
45.4
47.0
48.5
52.3
52.7
55.7
61.9
68.4
74.9
83.5
93.7
100.0
104.4
107.3
109.6
116.8
128.7
131.3
133.0
134.6
146.7
153.6
167.9
173.6
17.4
20.7
23.9
27.1
27.5
31.7
33.7
35.7
40.3
45.7
53.2
64.3
78.9
100.0
115.4
126.5
128.5
131.6
144.7
153.4
153.8
152.9
168.6
181.1
206.3
227.1
44.3
46.8
52.6
57.7
56.7
60.6
64.0
64.1
65.1
66.8
71.0
77.0
84.2
100.0
110.5
117.9
117.2
112.7
112.4
116.8
115.6
113.6
114.9
117.9
122.9
130.8
6.9
6.0
12.1
8.7
4.9
2.5
Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data,
the measures in this table may differ from those
179
previously published.
SOURCE: Based on Civil Aeronautics Board data.
Chart 86. Petroleum pipelines (SIC 4612, 4613): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
200
-
-
-
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
Source — Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
180
Table 164. Petroleum pipelines (SIC 4612, 4613): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per
employee, 1958-79
(1967= 100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 ..................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 ........................... .....
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 3 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers 1
2
All employees
40.4
46.7
50.2
53.7
56.0
61.6
66.9
79.4
89.5
100.0
105.8
114.3
122.6
126.9
142.9
150.4
146.6
147.4
146.6
154.0
156.7
160.2
39.0
45.0
48.9
53.2
54.5
59.8
66.0
79.2
89.3
100.0
106.8
117.7
128.7
135.8
151.8
160.9
156.7
161.9
164.1
174.8
180.5
188.1
39.7
45.7
48.7
51.9
54.6
60.3
66.2
78.6
88.1
100.0
105.4
113.5
122.1
126.4
141.4
149.8
145.2
144.2
146.6
154.8
156.4
161.8
38.4
44.1
47.4
51.4
53.2
58.5
65.4
78.5
88.0
100.0
106.2
116.9
128.1
135.1
150.4
160.1
155.3
158.3
164.1
175.6
180.1
190.0
7.1
1.9
8.1
3.8
7.3
2.4
8.3
4.3
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour
and output per employee indexes relate to the total production of the
industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single group
of employees.
2 Represents nonsupervisory workers.
3 Preliminary.
Production workers 2
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures
in this table may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Interstate Commerce
Commission. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau
of Labor Statistics and the Interstate Commerce Commission.
Table 165. Petroleum pipelines (SIC 4612, 4613): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-79
(1967=100)
......
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 ................................. ;
1962 .................................
1963 ................................. !
1964 ................................. l
1965 .......... ....................... |
1966 ................................. !
1967 ................................. [
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................1
1971 .................................;
1972 .................................j
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................j
Average annual percent
j
change:
1958-79............................
1974-79 ............................
Employees
Employee hours
Output
54.6
59.3
60.1
61.6
63.1
66.7
70.8
82.0
89.1
100.0
104.2
108.6
114.9
116.9
126.3
134.5
134.3
135.0
138.8
153.1
163.9
170.4
!
|
!
!
!
All employees
Production workers 1
All employees
Production workers 1
135.1
127.1
119.7
114.7
112.7
108.3
105.9
103.3
99.6
100.0
98.5
95.0
93.7
92.1
88.4
89.4
91.6
91.6
94.7
99.4
104.6
106.4
139.9
131.7
123.0
115.8
115.7
111.6
107.3
103.5
99.8
100.0
97.6
92.3
89.3
86.1
83.2
83.6
85.7
83.4
84.6
87.6
90.8
90.6
137.4
129.9
123.5
118.7
115.5
110.7
107.0
104.3
101.1
100.0
98.9
95.7
94.1
92.5
89.3
89.8
92.5
93.6
94.7
98.9
104.8
105.3
142.3
134.6
126.9
119.9
118.6
114.1
108.3
104.5
101.3
100.0
98.1
92.9
89.7
86.5
84.0
84.0
86.5
85.3
84.6
87.2
91.0
89.7
-1.3
3.5
-2.2
1.6
-1.4
3.0
-2.3
1.2
i
5.8
5.5
_________________________ i
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Interstate Commerce Commission.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the
Interstate Commerce Commission.
1 Represents nonsupervisory workers.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
181
Chart 87. Telephone communications (SIC 4811): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
260
H 240
220
200
180
H 160
140
120
100
- 1 80
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
- 1 80
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department o f Labor
182
Table 166. Telephone communications (SIC 4811): Indexes of output per employee hour, output per employee, output,
employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967=100)
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 ........................... :....
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1951-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output per
employee hour
Output per
employee
Output
Employee hours
Employees
40.8
43.9
45.1
49.4
55.8
61.9
65.8
71.6
76.4
82.0
85.4
89.1
93.0
100.0
106.2
108.4
109.2
117.5
123.1
128.8
137.3
149.6
165.8
175.9
187.6
194,3
40.4
44.3
45.3
49.0
54.5
61.8
66.3
71.7
77.6
83.4
87.3
91.6
96.1
100.0
107.3
111.1
109.5
113.9
123.8
130.4
139.1
148.4
164.6
178.6
192.0
198.6
35.0
38.8
42.2
46.7
49.5
54.2
58.0
61.7
66.1
70.9
76.5
83.5
92.2
100.0
108.1
119.9
127.9
134.4
146.7
158.7
172.6
177.9
194.5
212.0
236.7
258.8
85.8
88.3
93.6
94.5
88.7
87.5
88.2
86.2
86.5
86.5
89.6
93.7
99.1
100.0
101.8
110.6
117.1
114.4
119.2
123.2
125.7
118.9
117.3
120.5
126.2
133.2
86.6
87.6
93.1
95.3
90.8
87.7
87.5
86.0
85.2
85.0
87.6
91.2
95.9
100.0
100.7
107.9
116.8
118.0
118.5
121.7
124.1
119.9
118.2
118.7
123.3
130.3
6.2
7.3
6.3
7.8
8.1
8.9
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.0
1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Federal Communications Commission
and the American Telephone and Telegraph Company. Employment and hours based
on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
183
Chart 88. Gas and electric utilities (SIC 491, 492, 493): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
180
170
160
i5 0
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
- >
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source - Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
184
80
Table 167. Gas and electric utilities (SIC 491, 492, 493): Indexes of output per employee hour and output
per employee, 1954-79
(1967=100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .................................
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 3 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79............................
All employees
Production workers 1
2
All employees
Production workers 2
42.4
47.2
51.1
53.7
56.4
61.5
65.5
69.4
74.9
79.5
85.5
89.2
95.7
100.0
107.1
113.8
117.4
123.6
128.1
129.9
127.5
131.9
135.8
137.8
136.2
135.5
40.0
44.9
48.8
51.5
54.4
59.7
63.8
67.9
73.5
78.6
84.8
88.5
95.3
100.0
107.0
114.5
118.0
124.9
129.9
132.4
132.4
136.2
141.3
144.6
144.4
143.8
42.3
47.1
51.0
53.2
55.5
60.8
64.8
68.4
74.3
79.0
84.9
89.0
95.8
100.0
107.1
114.2
117.7
123.4
128.3
130.8
127.5
130.7
134.9
137.1
137.1
136.5
39.9
44.7
48.7
51.1
53.5
59.0
63.0
66.8
72.8
78.0
84.1
88.3
95.3
100.0
107.0
114.7
118.3
124.6
130.1
133.4
130.9
134.9
140.2
143.8
145.4
144.9
5.8
1.2
6.3
1.8
5.8
1.4
6.3
2.2
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour
and output per employee indexes relate to the total production of the
industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single group
of employees.
2 Represents nonsupervisory workers.
3 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures
in this table may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the American Gas
Association; Rural Electrification Administration, U.S. Department of
Agriculture; Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of
Energy; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 168. Gas and electric utilities (SIC 491, 492, 493): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-79
(1967 = 100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .................................
1955 .................................
1956 .................................
1957 .
1958 .
1959 .............
1960 .
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
19792 .............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
All employees
Production workers 1
All employees
Production workers 1
39.4
44.3
48.7
51.8
54.0
59.2
63.1
66.3
71.3
75.8
81.8
86.8
94.1
100.0
108.8
118.5
125.6
132.3
140.9
147.0
145.9
146.8
151.6
156.7
163.0
168.2
93.0
93.9
95.3
96.4
95.7
96.2
96.3
95.5
95.2
95.3
95.7
97.3
98.3
100.0
101.6
104.1
107.0
107.0
110.0
113.2
114.4
111.3
111.6
113.7
119.7
124.1
98.4
98.7
99.8
100.5
99.2
99.2
98.9
97.7
97.0
96.4
96.5
98.1
98.7
100.0
101.7
103.5
106.4
105.9
108.5
111.0
110.2
107.8
107.3
108.4
112.9
117.0
93.2
94.0
95.5
97.3
97.3
97.3
97.4
96.9
96.0
95.9
96.4
97.5
98.2
100.0
101.6
103.8
106.7
107.2
109.8
112.4
114.4
112.3
112.4
114.3
118.9
123.2
98.7
99.0
100.0
101.4
100.9
100.4
100.1
99.2
97.9
97.2
97.3
98.3
98.7
100.0
101.7
103.3
106.2
106.2
108.3
110.2
111.5
108.8
108.1
109.0
112.1
116.1
6.9
3.1
1.0
1.9
.6
1.3
1.0
1.6
.6
.9
1 Represents nonsupervisory workers.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
Employees
Output
SOURCE: Output based on data from the American Gas Association; Rural
Electrification Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Energy Information
Administration, U.S. Department of Energy; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
185
Chart 89. Electric utilities (SIC 491, 493 part): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
220
—| 190
160
H 130
100
70
_ j
40
220
190
-J 160
130
100
70
40
220
190
H 160
130
100
70
40
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor S tatistic s, U.S. Department of Labor
186
Table 169. Electric utilities (SIC 491, 493 part): Indexes of output per employee hour, output per employee, output, employee
hours, and employees, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959
1960
1961
1962 .................................
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output per
employee hour
Output per
employee
Output
Employee hours
Employees
53.3
59.5
63.4
67.7
73.3
78.4
84.4
89.0
96.0
100.0
107.6
114.0
118.4
125.1
131.5
135.8
133.7
141.4
146.2
152.2
148.0
147.3
52.6
58.7
62.7
66.8
72.5
77.9
83.7
88.8
96.1
100.0
107.7
114.7
118.7
125.1
132.1
137.7
134.3
139.7
145.2
151.6
150.0
149.2
50.9
56.3
60.2
63.6
68.5
73.5
79.6
85.7
93.7
100.0
110.1
120.6
129.5
138.0
149.7
161.5
161.3
165.3
172.9
184.2
191.6
197.4
95.5
94.7
95.0
93.9
93.5
93.7
94.3
96.3
97.6
100.0
102.3
105.8
109.4
110.3
113.8
118.9
120.6
116.9
118.3
121.0
129.5
134.0
96.8
95.9
96.0
95.2
94.5
94.4
95.1
96.5
97.5
100.0
102.2
105.1
109.1
110.3
113.3
117.3
120.1
118.3
119.1
121.5
127.7
132.3
5.1
1.9
5.2
2.3
6.9
4.4
1.7
2.5
1.6
2.1
Department of Agriculture and the Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department
of Energy. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics
supplemented with data from the American Gas Association; Edison Electric Institute;
and the Rural Electrification Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Rural Electification Administration, U.S.
187
Chart 90. Gas utilities (SIC 492, 493 part): Output per hour and related data, 1967*79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
130
120
110
-
100
90
80
-
70
60
50
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
J
50
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
Source -- Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. D epartm ent o f Labor
188
Table 170. Gas utilities (SIC 492, 493 part): Indexes of output per employee hour, output per employee, output, employee
hours, and employees, 1958-79
(1967=100)
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 ..
1962 ...
1963 ...
1964 ...
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967.....:........... ...............
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79............................
1974-79............................
Output per
employee hour
Output per
employee
Output
Employee hours
Employees
62.9
65.9
70.3
72.9
78.5
81.9
87.8
89.9
95.4
100.0
106.2
113.2
115.3
120.7
121.3
117.9
115.1
114.4
116.9
112.9
114.6
114.5
61.9
65.4
69.5
72.2
77.9
81.6
87.5
90.1
95.6
100.0
106.1
112.7
115.4
119.9
121.2
117.6
114.5
113.6
115.6
112.1
113.9
113.6
60.7
65.4
69.7
72.3
77.3
80.9
86.7
89.8
95.5
100.0
106.4
114.1
117.7
121.3
124.5
120.7
118.0
114.3
114.8
112.1
115.5
119.4
96.5
99.2
99.1
99.2
98.5
98.8
98.8
99.9
100.1
100.0
100.2
100.8
102.1
100.5
102.6
102.4
102.5
99.9
98.2
99.3
100.8
104.3
98.1
100.0
100.3
100.2
99.2
99.1
99.1
99.7
99.9
100.0
100.3
101.2
102.0
101.2
102.7
102.6
103.1
100.6
99.3
100.0
101.4
105.1
3.1
-.2
3.1
-.2
3.2
.2
.2
.4
.2
.4
and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics supplemented with data
from the American Gas Association; Edison Electric Institute; and the Rural
Electrification Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
1 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the American Gas Association. Employment
189
Chart 91. Retail food stores (SIC 54): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio sc a le
- i 130
120
no
100
- 1
90
- i 130
120
110
H ioo
90
—i 130
120
110
H 100
-_ l
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. D epartm ent o f Labor
190
90
Table 171. Retail food stores (SIC 54): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output, hours of all
persons, and all persons1, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Year
Output per hour of all
persons
Output per person
Output
Hours of all persons
All persons
75.4
78.4
80.9
84.0
85.3
89.4
91.4
93.8
96.3
100.0
105.2
106.1
112.0
112.7
112.5
108.1
104.5
104.8
107.0
106.4
100.9
100.2
83.8
87.0
88.4
90.9
92.1
94.9
96.9
97.8
98.1
100.0
103.2
102.4
107.1
107.5
107.1
102.8
97.9
96.6
99.7
98.4
92.3
90.4
78.4
81.9
84.1
86.1
88.0
88.7
93.0
96.4
98.0
100.0
104.7
106.9
113.2
115.0
116.7
113.8
112.6
113.2
118.5
119.3
117.0
117.8
104.0
104.4
103.9
102.5
103.2
99.2
101.8
102.8
101.8
100.0
99.5
100.8
101.1
102.0
103.7
105.3
107.7
108.0
110.7
112.1
115.9
117.6
93.6
94.1
95.1
94.7
95.6
93.5
96.0
98.6
99.9
100.0
101.5
104.4
105.7
107.0
109.0
110.7
115.0
117.2
118.8
121.3
126.8
130.3
1.6
-.9
.5
-1.6
2.1
1.0
.5
1.9
1.6
2.6
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 2 ..............................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79............................
1974-79 ............................
Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor Statistics;
and the Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives Service, U.S. Department of
Agriculture. Persons and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics;
the Bureau of the Census; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Department of the
Treasury.
All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
191
Chart 92. Franchised new car dealers (SIC 5511): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
- i 160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
ISO
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Departm ent o f Labor
192
Table 172. Franchised new car dealers (SIC 5511): Indexes of output per employee hour, output per employee, output,
employee hours, and employees, 1958-79
(1967=100)
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 ' ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79 ............................
Output per
employee hour
Output per
employee
Output
Employee hours
Employees
77.0
87.2
88.3
84.2
90.3
92.0
91.2
97.8
98.7
100.0
105.6
106.0
106.4
113.3
117.2
119.2
116.2
120.5
126.9
131.2
128.5
122.5
80.8
92.3
93.1
88.0
93.7
95.5
95.3
101.5
100.6
100.0
104.2
103.3
102.7
109.0
112.2
113.6
109.7
113.7
119.1
121.5
117.5
112.6
69.9
81.6
83.9
74.9
81.7
87.0
89.9
100.3
101.5
100.0
107.8
110.9
108.4
116.5
126.5
134.0
122.7
122.8
135.7
144.2
146.1
140.1
90.8
93.6
95.0
89.0
90.5
94.6
98.6
102.6
102.8
100.0
102.1
104.6
101.9
102.8
107.9
112.4
105.6
101.9
106.9
109.9
113.7
114.4
86.5
88.4
90.1
85.1
87.2
91.1
94.3
98.8
100.9
100.0
103.5
107.4
105.6
106.9
112.7
118.0
111.9
108.0
113.9
118.7
124.3
124.4
2.3
1.4
1.6
.7
3.4
3.6
1.0
2.2
1.8
2.9
Labor Statistics, the National Automobile Dealers Association, and Ward’s
Communications, Inc. (Ward’s Automotive Yearbooks). Employment and hours based
on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
: Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census, the Bureau of
193
Chart 93. Gasoline service stations (SIC 5541): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
- i 200
-
180
160
140
-
120
-
100
-
80
J
60
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Departm ent o f Labor
194
Table 173. Gasoline service stations (SIC 5541): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output, hours
of all persons, and all persons1, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 2 ..............................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79............................
1974-79 ............................
Output per hour of alt
persons
Output per person
Output
Hours of all persons
All persons
77.5
80.3
82.2
84.7
85.0
89.1
90.6
93.7
98.2
100.0
105.5
109.9
122.7
125.4
128.1
136.6
140.5
137.8
151.8
160.9
168.3
169.4
81.8
84.3
86.2
88.8
88.5
92.4
94.4
96.5
99.6
100.0
103.7
106.5
116.3
119.4
121.3
124.7
126.5
124.9
132.7
138.5
143.0
141.5
71.3
74.0
76.9
80.3
79.9
85.4
88.7
93.4
98.5
100.0
106.8
113.1
123.2
127.0
132.3
134.1
122.2
125.8
131.5
134.8
135.0
125.2
92.0
92.2
93.6
94.8
94.0
95.8
97.9
99.7
100.3
100.0
101.2
102.9
100.4
101.3
103.3
98.2
87.0
91.3
86.6
83.8
80.2
73.9
87.2
87.8
89.2
90.4
90.3
92.4
94.0
96.8
98.9
100.0
103.0
106.2
105.9
106.4
109.1
107.5
96.6
100.7
99.1
97.3
94.4
88.5
4.0
4.7
2.8
2.9
3.3
1.0
-.7
-3.5
.5
-1.8
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, persons, and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics; the Bureau of the Census; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S.
Department of the Treasury.
All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
195
Chart 94. Eating and drinking places (SIC 58): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
- j 160
- 150
HO
-
130
-
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
-
90
-* 80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. D epartm ent o f Labor
196
Table 174. Eating and drinking places (SIC 58): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output, hours of
all persons, and all persons1, 1958-79
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 ? ..............................
1979 ? ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79............................
1974-79............................
Output per hour of all
persons
Output per person
Output
Hours of all persons
All persons
91.3
90.3
90.0
90.8
91.8
93.8
92.8
95.6
97.4
100.0
102.0
100.4
103.8
100.9
105.0
105.9
100.8
102.0
101.8
98.9
94.6
89.5
102.2
101.4
100.1
100.0
100.6
101.8
101.4
102.3
101.0
100.0
100.7
96.1
96.6
93.3
94.6
93.7
87.6
87.7
85.9
81.7
76.6
70.7
78.8
81.0
81.6
81.5
84.0
86.0
89.6
95.1
98.8
100.0
105.7
106.6
110.9
111.7
118.5
124.1
122.2
127.2
133.7
137.3
137.4
135.0
86.3
89.7
90.7
89.8
91.5
91.7
96.5
99.5
101.4
100.0
103.6
106.2
106.8
110.7
112.9
117.2
121.2
124.7
131.4
138.8
145.2
150.9
77.1
79.9
81.5
81.5
83.5
84.5
88.4
93.0
97.8
100.0
105.0
110.9
114.8
119.7
125.2
132.5
139.5
145.1
155.7
168.1
179.4
191.0
.5
-2.4
-1.3
-4.3
3.0
2.2
2.5
4.7
4.4
6.7
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce: and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. Persons and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Bureau of the Census, and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Department of the
Treasury.
1 All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
? Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
197
Chart 95. Drug and proprietary stores (SIC 5912): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
-
160
150
HO
130
120
110
100
90
80
-
70
60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
S ource — Bureau o f Labor S ta t is t ic s , U.S. D ep a rtm e n t o f Labor
198
Table 175. Drug and proprietary stores (SIC 5912): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output,
hours of all persons, and all persons1, 1958-79
(1967=100)
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966 .................................
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971 .................................
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 .................................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79............................
1974-79............................
Output per hour of ail
persons
Output per person
Output
Hours of all persons
All persons
68.0
70.8
73.1
75.7
77.3
81.0
84.0
89.3
93.0
100.0
108.8
114.4
124.4
126.9
131.7
146.2
149.4
144.8
150.6
156.7
152.4
153.6
73.7
76.9
78.7
81.3
84.7
87.3
89.0
92.9
95.3
100.0
106.3
108.8
116.5
119.1
122.6
133.2
136.7
136.3
138.4
139.0
136.8
137.9
63.1
67.5
71.1
73.3
77.5
79.9
83.0
88.6
94.2
100.0
107.7
112.1
120.3
121.8
127.6
139.5
143.9
143.8
147.7
150.1
149.8
152.7
92.8
95.4
97.2
96.8
100.2
98.7
98.8
99.2
101.3
100.0
99.0
98.0
96.7
96.0
96.9
95.4
96.3
99.3
98.1
95.8
98.3
99.4
85.6
87.8
90.3
90.2
91.5
91.5
93.3
95.4
98.8
100.0
101.3
103.0
103.3
102.3
104.1
104.7
105.3
105.5
106.7
108.0
109.5
110.7
4.6
1.0
3.4
.2
4.7
1.3
(3)
.3
1.2
1.1
1 All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary.
3 Less than .05 percent.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
199
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. All persons and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census; the Bureau of Labor Statistics; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S.
Department of the Treasury.
Chart 96. Hotels, motels, and tourist courts (SIC 7011): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
—1 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
-
80
70
- 1 60
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. D epartm ent o f Laoor
200
Table 176. Hotels, motels, and tourist courts (SIC 7011): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output,
hours of all persons, and all persons1, 1958-79
(1967=100)
Year
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 ...
1973 ...
1974 ...
1975 ...
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 2 ..............................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79............................
1974-79 ............................
Output per hour of all
persons
Output per person
Output
Hours of all persons
All persons
76.8
77.8
79.6
77.0
82.4
86.0
86.5
93.0
93.2
100.0
96.7
97.7
102.5
91.8
108.7
108.7
103.2
101.9
106.9
106.8
109.1
102.8
84.0
85.1
86.6
82.9
87.6
91.2
90.4
96.2
94.8
100.0
95.3
95.1
97.9
85.6
100.0
100.5
94.1
90.7
95.0
92.9
95.1
89.7
68.8
71.3
74.4
71.9
77.2
80.8
83.3
91.2
93.0
100.0
98.8
101.6
105.9
95.5
116.8
122.5
118.7
117.0
126.3
127.5
135.1
136.3
89.6
91.7
93.5
93.4
93.7
93.9
96.3
98.1
99.8
100.0
102.2
104.0
103.3
104.0
107.5
112.7
115.0
114.8
118.1
119.4
123.8
132.6
81.9
83.8
85.9
86.7
88.1
88.6
92.1
94.8
98.1
100.0
103.7
106.8
108.2
111.6
116.8
121.9
126.1
129.0
133.0
137.2
142.1
152.0
1.7
.5
.5
-.4
3.4
3.3
1.6
2.7
2.9
3.7
SOURCE: Output, persons, and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics; Bureau of the Census; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Department
of the Treasury.
1 All persons include paid employees, and the self-employed.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
201
Chart 97. Laundry and cleaning services (SIC 721): Output per hour and related data, 1967-79
(1967 = 100)
Ratio s c a le
130
120
110
100
-
90
80
-
70
-
60
50
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
—1 50
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
H
60
50
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S, Departm ent o f Labor
202
Table 177. Laundry and cleaning services (SIC 721): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output,
hours of all persons, and all persons1, 1958-79
(1967 —100)
Year
Output per hour of all
persons
Output per person
Output
Hours of all persons
All persons
83.9
87.1
82.7
86.9
86.9
86.6
92.7
87.3
92.8
100.0
102.9
101.3
99.5
101.5
104.0
104.0
103.9
103.0
104.5
108.0
108.7
101.8
88.4
92.5
87.7
91.8
91.6
92.9
98.0
92.6
95.9
100.0
100.0
98.5
95.3
95.0
99.0
100.5
98.6
96.9
97.7
100.3
101.1
94.6
86.1
89.7
85.1
88.6
88.9
92.4
97.0
93.6
98.6
100.0
98.2
94.4
87.6
80.3
79.7
75.7
69.3
65.4
63.2
63.8
64.0
61.3
102.6
103.0
102.9
101.9
102.3
106.7
104.6
107.2
106.3
100.0
95.4
93.2
88.0
79.1
76.6
72.8
66.7
63.5
60.5
59.1
58.9
60.2
97.4
97.0
97.0
96.5
97.1
99.5
99.0
101.1
102.8
100.0
98.2
95.8
91.9
84.5
80.5
75.3
70.3
67.5
64.7
63.6
63.3
64.8
1.3
.3
.5
-.1
-2.0
-1.9
-3.2
-2.2
-2.4
-1.7
Index:
1958 .................................
1959 .................................
1960 .................................
1961 .................................
1962 .................................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 .................................
1966 .................................
1967 .................................
1968 .................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 .................................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 .................................
1977 .................................
1978 2 ..............................
1979 2 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-79 ............................
1974-79............................
• All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary.
NOTE: Because of periodic revisions in source data, the measures in this table
may differ from those previously published.
SOURCE: Output, persons, and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics; Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S.
Department of Commerce; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Department of the
Treasury.
203
Other BLS Publications on
Productivity and Technology
The Monthly Labor Review is available by subscrip
tion or single copy from the Superintendent of Docu
ments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
D.C. 20402 ($18 a year domestic; $22.50 foreign; single
copy $2.50). Make checks payable to Superintendent of
Documents.
Reprints and news releases are available free of
charge, as long as the supply lasts, from the Bureau of
Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C. 20212, or from the
Bureau’s regional offices. Working Papers are available
from the Bureau’s Office of Productivity and Tech
nology.
Bulletins are for sale by the Superintendent of Docu
ments or at any of the regional offices of the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (see inside back cover). Out-of-print
publications may be available at large public and school
libraries and at Government depository libraries. Publi
cations marked with an asterisk (*) also are available on
microfiche and in paper copy from the National Tech
nical Information Service, U.S. Department of Com
merce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Va. 22161.
For a more comprehensive list of publications, see
B L S Publications on Productivity and Technology, b l s
Report 559 (1979).
Productivity trends in individual industries and
the Federal Government
“ Productivity Trends for Class I Bus Carriers,” by
Richard B. Carnes, to be published in the Monthly
Labor Review.
“ Productivity Trends in the Ball and Roller Bearing In
dustry,” by James D. York and Elmer S. Persigehl,
Monthly Labor Review, January 1981, pp. 40-43.
“ Productivity Gains in the Drugstore Industry, 195879,” by Brian L. Friedman, Monthly Labor
Review, November 1980, pp. 18-22.
“ Construction Machinery Industry Posts Slow Rise in
Productivity,” by John Duke, Monthly Labor
Review, June 1980, pp. 33-36.
“ Productivity Growth Below Average in Fabricated
Structural Metals,” by Phyllis Flohr Otto, Monthly
Labor Review, June 1980, pp. 27-31.
“ The Paper and Plastic Bag Industry: Two Distinct
Productivity Phases,” by Horst Brand and Clyde
Huffstutler, Monthly Labor Review, May 1980,
pp. 26-30.
204
“ Federal Sector Productivity Measurement,” by
Charles W. Ardolini, in Selected Papers from
North American Conference on Labor Statistics,
May 1980, pp. 49-60.
“ Folding Paperboard Box Industry Shows Slow Rise
in Productivity,” by James D. York, Monthly
Labor Review, March 1980, pp. 25-28.
“ The Productivity Trend in the Soaps and Detergents
Industry,” by Patricia S. Wilder, Monthly Labor
Review, February 1980, pp. 26-30.
“ Substantial Productivity Gains in the Fluid Milk In
dustry,” by Elmer S. Persigehl and James D. York,
Monthly Labor Review, July 1979, pp. 22-27.
“ Productivity Growth Below Average in the Household
Furniture Industry,” by J. Edwin Henneberger,
Monthly Labor Review, November 1978, pp.
23-29.
“ The Pattern of Productivity in the Lighting Fixtures
Industry,” by Phyllis Flohr Otto, Monthly Labor
Review, September 1978, pp. 31-37.
“ The Veneer and Plywood Industry: Above-Average
Productivity Gains,” by Mary Robinson Farris,
Monthly Labor Review, September 1978, pp.
26-30.
“ Productivity and Technology in the Electric Lamp In
dustry,” by Richard B. Carnes, Monthly Labor
Review, August 1978, pp. 15-19.
“ Productivity and Technology in the Electric Motor
Industry,” by James York and Horst Brand,
Monthly Labor Review, August 1978, pp. 20-25.
“ Laundry and Cleaning Services Pressed to Post Pro
ductivity Gains,” by Richard B. Carnes, Monthly
Labor Review, February 1978, pp. 38-42.
“ Productivity and New Technology in Eating and
Drinking Places,” by Richard B. Carnes and Horst
Brand, Monthly Labor Review, September 1977,
pp. 9-15.
“ Productivity in Grain Mill Products: Output Up, Em
ployment Stable,” by James A. Urisko, Monthly
Labor Review, April 1977, pp. 38-43.
“ Productivity in Sawmills Increases as Labor Input
Declines Substantially,” by John Duke and Clyde
Huffstutler, Monthly Labor Review, April 1977,
pp. 33-37.
“ New-Car Dealers Experience Long-Term Gains in
Productivity,” by John Duke, Monthly Labor
Review, March 1977, pp. 29-33.
“ Output Per Unit of Labor Input in the Retail Food
Store Industry,” by John L. Carey and Phyllis
Flohr Otto, Monthly Labor Review, January 1977,
pp. 42-47.
“ Output Per Employee-Hour Measures: Industries and
the Federal Government,” reprint of Chapter 31 of
the b l s Handbook o f Methods fo r Surveys and
Studies, Bulletin 1910 (1976), pp. 225-32.
“ Productivity in the Nonmetallic Minerals Industry,
1954-75,” by Clyde Huffstutler and Michael
Broad, Monthly Labor Review, June 1976, pp.
25-30.
“ Productivity in the Copper Rolling and Drawing In
dustry,” by Phyllis Flohr Otto, Monthly Labor
Review, December 1975, pp. 27-30.
“ Productivity in Structural Clay Products,” by Clyde
Huffstutler and Michael M. Broad, Monthly Labor
Review, October 1975, pp. 29-33.
“ Productivity in Hotels and Motels, 1958-73,” by
James A. Urisko, Monthly Labor Review, May
1975, pp. 24-28.
“ Productivity in Gasoline Stations, 1958-73,” by Brian
L. Friedman and John L. Carey, Monthly Labor
Review, February 1975, pp. 32-37.
Productivity and other economic trends
Productivity and Costs: Private Business Sector (quar
terly news release).
Productivity and Costs: Nonfinancial Corporations
(quarterly news release).
Dynamic Models o f Energy Substitution in U.S. Manu
facturing, BLS Working Paper 102 (forthcoming).
Processed.
“ Inflation and the Growth of Productivity and Factor
Costs,” by David H. Malmquist, to be published in
the Monthly Labor Review.
Productivity: A Selected, Annotated Bibliography,
1976-78, b l s Bulletin 2051 (1980). Price: $5.50.
“ Sixth Consecutive Productivity Drop Recorded for the
Second Quarter,” by Lawrence J. Fulco, Monthly
Labor Review, December 1980, pp. 52-56.
“ Productivity Declines Continue into Third Quarter
1979,” by Lawrence J. Fulco, Monthly Labor
Review, February 1980, pp. 46-48.
“ First-Quarter Productivity Drop Follows Marginal
Growth in 1978,” by Lawrence J. Fulco, Monthly
Labor Review, October 1979, pp. 57-61.
“ Productivity Increased in All Major Sectors in the
Third Quarter,” by Lawrence J. Fulco, Monthly
Labor Review, February 1979, pp. 41-45.
The Role o f Capital Formation in the Recent Produc
tivity Slowdown, BLS Working Paper 87 (January
1979). Processed.
C E S Efficiency Parameters, BLS Working Paper 81
(September 1978). Processed.
205
“ Productivity and Costs During Recession and Re
covery,” by J. R. Norsworthy and L. J. Fulco,
Monthly Labor Review, August 1978, pp. 31-35.
A Quarterly Econometric Model o f the Long-Term
Structure o f Production, Factor Demand, and Fac
tor Productivity in 10 U.S. Manufacturing Indus
tries, BLS Staff Paper 9 (1978).*
“ Productivity and Costs in the Private Economy, 1976,”
by J. R. Norsworthy and L. J. Fulco, Monthly
Labor Review, September 1977, pp. 3-8.
“ The Productivity Slowdown and the Outlook to 1985,”
by R. E. Kutscher, J. A. Mark, and J. R. Norswor
thy, Monthly Labor Review, May 1977, pp. 3-8.
Productivity and the Economy, b l s Bulletin 1926
(1977). Price: $2.75.
Productivity: A Selected, Annotated Bibliography,
1971-75, BLS Bulletin 1933 (1977). Out of print.
“ Productivity Measures: Private Economy and Major
Sectors,” reprint of Chapter 30 of the b l s Hand
book o f Methods fo r Surveys and Studies, Bulletin
1910 (1976), pp. 219-24.
“ New Sector Definitions for Productivity Series,” by
J. R. Norsworthy and L. J. Fulco, Monthly Labor
Review, October 1976, pp. 40-42.
“ Productivity and Costs in the Private Economy, 1975,”
by J. R. Norsworthy and L. J. Fulco, Monthly
Labor Review, May 1976, pp. 3-11.
“ Productivity and Costs in the Private Economy, 1974,”
by Jerome A. Mark, Monthly Labor Review, June
1975, pp. 3-8.
The Meaning and Measurement o f Productivity, b l s
Bulletin 1714 (1971). Out of print.
Technology studies
Technology, Productivity, and Labor in the Bituminous
Coal Industry—1950-79, BLS Bulletin 2072 (1981).
Price: $4.
Technology and Labor in Five Industries, b l s Bulletin
2033 (1979).* Price: $2.50.
Technological Change and Its Labor Impact in Five
Energy Industries, BLS Bulletin 2005 (1979). Price:
$2.40.
“ Technology in Telecommunications: Its Effect on
Labor and Skills,” by Michael D. Dymmel, Monthly
Labor Review, January 1979, pp. 13-19.
“ Technology and Labor in Automobile Production,”
by Robert V. Critchlow, Monthly Labor Review,
October 1977, pp. 32-36.
Technological Change and Its Labor Impact in Five In
dustries, b l s Bulletin 1961 (1977). Price: $2.20.
“ Technological Change,” reprint of Chapter 32 of the
b l s
Handbook o f Methods fo r Surveys and
Studies, Bulletin 1910 (1976), pp. 233-37.
Technological Change and Manpower Trends in Five
Industries, BLS Bulletin 1856 (1975). Out of print.*
The Revised Workweek: Results o f a Pilot Study o f 16
Firms, BLS Bulletin 1846 (1975). Out of print.*
Construction labor requirements
Labor and Materials Requirements fo r Private Multi
family Housing Construction, BLS Bulletin 1892
(1976). Price: $1.80.
“ Labor and Materials Required for Highway Construc
tion,” by Diane S. Finger, Monthly Labor Review,
December 1975, pp. 31-36.
“ Labor and Material Requirements for Apartment
Construction,” by Robert Ball, Monthly Labor
Review, January 1975, pp. 70-72.
“ Labor Requirements Decline for Public Housing Con
struction,” by Robert J. Prier, Monthly Labor
Review, December 1980, pp. 40-44.
“ Labor and Material Requirements for Federally Aided
Highways,” by Robert J. Prier, Monthly Labor
Review, December 1979, pp. 29-34.
“ Labor Requirements for College-Housing Construc
tion,” by Barbara J. Bingham, Monthly Labor
Review, May 1979, pp. 28-34.
“ Labor and Material Requirements for New School
Construction,” by John G. Olsen, Monthly Labor
Review, April 1979, pp. 38-41.
Labor and Material Requirements fo r Sewer Works
Construction, BLS Bulletin 2003 (1979). Price:
$2.40.
“ U.S. Civil Works Construction Shows Decrease in
Required Labor,” by Barbara J. Bingham, Monthly
Labor Review, October 1978, pp. 24-30.
“ Labor and Materials Requirements for Sewer Works
Construction,” by Robert Ball and Joseph T. Finn,
Monthly Labor Review, November 1976, pp.
38-41.
“ Decline Noted in Hours Required to Erect Federal
Office Buildings,” by John G. Olsen, Monthly
Labor Review, October 1976, pp. 18-22.
“ Construction Labor Requirements,” reprint of
Chapter 33 of the BLS Handbook o f Methods for
Surveys and Studies, Bulletin 1910 (1976), pp.
238-40.
U .S . GOVERMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1 9 8 1 - 0 —
International comparisons
“ International Comparisons of Productivity and Labor
Costs,” by Arthur Neef and Patricia Capdevielle,
Monthly Labor Review, December 1980, pp.
32-39.
“ Recent Labor Market Trends in Nine Industrial Na
tions,” by Joyanna Moy, Monthly Labor Review,
May 1979, pp. 8-16.
International Comparisons o f Unemployment, b l s
Bulletin 1979 (1978). Price: $3.50.
Comparative Growth in Manufacturing Productivity
and Labor Costs in Selected Industrialized Coun
tries, b l s Bulletin 1958 (1977). Price: $2.40.
“ Foreign Labor Statistics and Trade Research,” reprint
of Chapter 34 of the b l s Handbook o f Methods for
Surveys and Studies, Bulletin 1910 (1976), pp.
241-44.
“ Unemployment Compensation in Eight Industrial
Nations,” by Constance Sorrentino, Monthly
Labor Review, July 1976, pp. 18-24.
7 2 0 -0 2 5 /4 9 0 3
206
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