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Productivity Indexes for
Selected Industries, 1979 Edition
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
1979
Bulletin 2054
/
. o ’ ;
■Oo s */
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Regional Offices
Region I
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Region II
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Productivity Indexes for
Selected Industries, 1979 Edition
U.S. Department of Labor
Ray Marshall, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
December 1979
Bulletin 2054
>
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20402
Stock Number 029-001-02429-1
Preface
This bulletin updates through 1978 indexes of out
put per employee hour and output per employee for the
industries currently included in the U.S. Government’s
productivity measurement program. For most indus
tries, indexes are presented in this bulletin beginning
with 1954. For many of these industries, however, data
can be obtained beginning with 1947 upon request.
Indexes are published for the first time for the
following industries: Fluid milk; folding paperboard
boxes; and soaps and detergents. An article providing
information about the fluid milk industry appeared in
the July 1979 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Arti
cles covering the other industries will appear in
forthcoming issues. Indexes for components of pre
viously published measures are presented for the first
time for the following industries: Canned fruits, vegeta
bles, jams, and jellies; raw and refined cane sugar; beet
sugar; brick and structural clay tile; ceramic wall and
floor tile; household cooking equipment; household
refrigerators and freezers; household laundry equip
ment; household appliances not elsewhere classified;
and primary smelting and refining of copper.
Each index is intended to represent only the change in
output per employee hour for the designated industry
or combination of industries. These industries are not
necessarily a representative cross-section of U.S. indus
try. They should not be combined, therefore, to obtain
an overall measure for the entire U.S. economy or for
any sector. However, the Bureau of Labor Statistics
does publish indexes of output per hour of all persons
and related measures for the private business sector
and the nonfarm business, manufacturing, and nonfinancial corporate sectors. These productivity series
show the relationship between gross product originat
ing in these sectors and employment and hours. (The
data are presented in the Bureau of Labor Statistics
press releases Productivity and Costs (quarterly), in the
Monthly Labor Review, and in Employment and Earn
ings.)
The productivity measures in this bulletin describe
the relationship between output in real terms and the
labor time involved in its production. They show the
changes from year to year in the amount of labor time
required to produce a unit of output. Although these
measures relate output to employment and employee
hours, they do not measure the specific contributions of
labor, capital, or any other factor of production.
Rather, they reflect the joint effect of a number of inter
related influences, such as changes in technology;
capital investment per worker; level of output; utiliza
tion of capacity; layout and flow of material;
managerial skill, and skills and effort of the work force.
Some of the productivity measures use a labor input
series that is based on hours paid and some use a labor
input series that is based on hours at the plant.
This bulletin was prepared in the Bureau’s Office of
Productivity and Technology by Andrew Campbell,
Richard Carnes, John Duke, Mary Farris, John Ferris,
Brian Friedman, Ed Henneberger, Clyde Huffstutler,
Phyllis Otto, Elmer Persigehl, Bruce Pierce, Deborah
Pryor, Jack Veigle, Vernette Washington, Patricia
Wilder, and James York, under the direction of Horst
Brand, John Carey, Arthur Herman, and Charles Ardolini, Chief, Division of Industry Productivity
Studies.
Material in this publication is in the public domain
and may be reproduced without the permission of the
Federal Government. Please credit the Bureau of
Labor Statistics and cite Productivity Indexes for
Selected Industries, 1979 Edition, Bulletin 2054.
in
Contents
Page
Highlights of trends in output per employee h o u r .................................................................................................
Current developments...........................................................................................................................................
Long-term trends...................................................................................................................................................
New measures.........................................................................................................................................................
Chart 1. Growth in output per employee hour in selected industries, 1 9 7 3 -7 8 ......................................
Table 1. Selected industries: Employment, 1978, and average annual rates of change in
output per employee hour, 1973-78..........................................................................................
4
Methods and d a ta .........................................................................................................................................................
7
Industry indexes.............................................................................................................................................................
9
Other BLS publications on productivity and technology.......................................................................................
188
v
1
1
2
2
3
Highlights of Trends in Output
per Employee Hour
Current developments
percent); hosiery (4.3 percent); and both bakery prod
ucts and corrugated and solid fiber boxes (4.2 percent).
On the other hand, several manufacturing industries
experienced significant declines in productivity. These
included the primary copper, lead, and zinc industry
(—6.6 percent) and a component industry, primary
smelting and refining of copper (-5.1 percent). The
household laundry equipment industry also recorded a
falloff in productivity (—5.4 percent).
The mining industries, except for nonmetallic
minerals, recorded substantial increases in prod
uctivity in 1978. The coal mining industry had an 8.7percent increase in productivity during 1978, in sharp
contrast to the declines recorded in almost every year
over the past decade. Productivity in this industry was
affected by a major strike in 1978, with output down
5.1 percent. Production worker hours fell even more
sharply (-1 2 .6 percent), resulting in the productivity
gain. The copper mining industry (recoverable metal)
posted a substantial gain in productivity (8.3 percent).
Output in this industry was down 0.5 percent while pro
duction worker hours dropped more sharply (—8.1 per
cent), resulting in the productivity gain. In iron mining
(usable ore) productivity was up 4.7 percent as the in
dustry recovered from a strike in 1977. Output in this
industry increased by 45.4 percent while production
worker hours were up 38.8 percent. In contrast, the
nonmetallic minerals industry recorded a productivity
decline of 0.3 percent. Although output in this industry
was up by 3.3 percent, production worker hours rose
even more (3.6 percent).
Among the transportation industries, railroads
(revenue traffic) displayed a large (12.2 percent) ad
vance in productivity. This industry’s output growth of
3.3 percent in 1978 was influenced by an expanding
economy, the rebuilding of coal stocks after a strike,
and the movement of both stored and newly harvested
grain. On the other hand, industry hours (down 7.9 per
cent) were affected by a rail strike which brought most
systems to a standstill for 4 days. Also showing substan
tial growth in productivity was the air transportation
Between 1977 and 1978, output per employee hour
increased in about two-thirds of the industries for
which data are presented in this report. In contrast, be
tween 1976 and 1977, productivity increased in nearly
three-quarters of the industries. This general slowdown
in productivity was consistent with the performance of
the nonfarm business sector as a whole, where prod
uctivity grew 0.5 percent in 1978 compared to 1.6 per
cent in 1977.
Among the more significant manufacturing indus
tries, the steel industry recorded an above-average
productivity gain of 4.4 percent. This increase was
based on a substantial increase in output of 7.4 percent
coupled with a 2.9-percent growth in employee hours.
Solid increases in shipments to construction markets,
machinery and equipment industries, and steel service
centers contributed to the strong advance in output.
On the other hand, the motor vehicle manufacturing
industry recorded a dropoff in productivity of 1.6 per
cent. Industry output rose 2.7 percent while employee
hours increased 4.4 percent. Productivity was adver
sely affected by the substantial shift to smaller cars in
1978. This shift in demand resulted in production cut
backs and slower assembly line speeds in plants pro
ducing large cars, as well as additional hiring and
capacity strains in plants producing smaller cars.
Noteworthy gains in productivity were recorded in
only a few manufacturing industries in 1978. The
largest increase was in the household cooking equip
ment industry, which posted a 9.3-percent growth in
output per employee hour. While output in this indus
try grew 14.4 percent, paced by rapid gains in sales of
microwave ovens, employee hours increased 4.7 per
cent. A significant advance was also registered by the
malt beverage industry, which recorded an 8.4-percent
gain in productivity. Industry output increased 5.6 per
cent as employee hours declined 2.5 percent. The con
tinuing trend toward large, more efficient breweries has
contributed to the large gain in productivity. Other
manufacturing industries with comparatively large in
creases in productivity included household appliances
not elsewhere classified1 (7.0 percent); cigarettes,
chewing, and smoking tobacco (5.5 percent); bottled
and canned soft drinks (5.1 percent); fluid milk (4.5
’This industry manufactures water heaters, dishwashers, food
waste disposers, trash compactors, and floor waxing, polishing, and
scrubbing machines.
1
industry, with an increase of 9.3 percent. This indus
try’s output jumped by 13.9 percent while the number
of employees grew by 4.2 percent. In contrast, the in
tercity trucking industry recorded a falloff in prod
uctivity of 0.2 percent. Although output grew 7.0 per
cent, the number of employees increased even more,
7.2 percent. Fuel shortages and shorter runs adversely
affected this industry’s performance.
In other nonmanufacturing industries, telephone
communications displayed a 6.6-percent increase in
productivity. Also posting increases were hotels and
motels (4.3 percent), gasoline service stations (4.0 per
cent), and laundry and cleaning services (1.0 percent).
Declines in productivity, however, were recorded by
eating and drinking places (-4 .2 percent), retail food
stores (-3 .9 percent), franchised new car dealers (-2 .0
percent), and gas and electric utilities ( —1.6 percent).
aided by a sharp gain in output for one of the industry s
products, high fructose corn syrup, a sugar substitute.
In addition, a number of new plants, utilizing the latest
computerized controls, came on line during this period.
Other industries with high rates of productivity growth
included the hosiery and telephone communications in
dustries, which both recorded an 8.1-percent rate of
gain during the 1973-78 period compared to rates of
5.6 and 6.3 percent, respectively, in the earlier period.
In the hosiery industry, recent advances in hosiery knit
ting machine speeds, automated dyeing techniques, and
new packaging equipment contributed to this advance
in output per employee hour. In the telephone com
munications industry, the accelerated introduction of
electronic switching in long-distance service con
tributed to the growth in productivity. Another indus
try with an accelerated rate of productivity advance
was malt beverages, growing at a rate of 7.5 percent
from 1973 to 1978 compared to 5.2 percent per year
from 1947 to 1973. The introduction of large, auto
mated breweries and the decline of small, inefficient
establishments aided productivity growth in the more
current period. Other industries with high rates of in
crease included copper mining (recoverable metal), 7.0
percent; synthetic fibers, 6.4 percent; prepared feeds
for animals and fowls, 6.2 percent; and bottled and
canned soft drinks, 6.2 percent (see table 1).
Among the industries that experienced productivity
declines during the 1973-78 period, coal mining
dropped the most, down 3.5 percent per year. Iron min
ing also experienced a decline, dropping 1.3 percent
annually.
Other industries in which productivity declined dur
ing 1973-78 were: Blended and prepared flour (-1 .9
percent), primary aluminum (—1.5 percent), eating and
drinking places (-1 .5 percent), ready-mixed concrete
(-0 .9 percent), steel (-0 .7 percent), motors and
generators (-0 .7 percent), wood household furniture
(-0 .6 percent), soaps and detergents (-0 .6 percent),
steel foundries (—0.6 percent), retail food stores (—0.2
percent), and folding paperboard boxes (-0.1 percent).
Long-term trends
All the industries presented in this report have
recorded productivity growth over the long term.
Among these, the petroleum pipelines industry posted
the highest rate, 7.8 percent between 1958 and 1977,
because of a large gain in the volume of petroleum
products shipped and the utilization of highly
automatic equipment. The air transportation industry
experienced the second highest rate of productivity
growth—7.0 percent annually from 1947 to 1978. Sig
nificantly, this industry had the highest rate of growth
in output (12.3 percent per year) over this time period.
On the other hand, eating and drinking places recorded
the lowest rate of growth in productivity, only 0.7 per
cent per year from 1958 to 1978. Although large,
multiestablishment companies, such as fast-food
chains, have made significant technological and
organizational improvements, the large number of
small, marginal enterprises has held productivity
growth down.
Although productivity change varied widely in the
1973-78 period (see chart 1), three-fourths of the in
dustries recorded lower average annual gains in output
per employee hour than in 1947-73. This experience
matches the productivity record of the nonfarm busi
ness sector of the economy as a whole. From 1947 to
1973, productivity in this sector grew 2.4 percent per
year, while from 1973 to 1978 the annual growth rate
was only 1.3 percent. This slower growth in industry
productivity was associated with less rapid output
growth—more than 80 percent of the industries
recorded lower output growth rates than in the earlier
period.
There were a few notable exceptions to the falloff in
productivity growth. The wet corn milling industry,
with an 11.2-percent average annual gain, posted the
highest growth in productivity. This rapid growth was
New measures
Fluid milk (SIC 2026). From 1958 to 1978, prod
uctivity in the fluid milk industry increased at an
average annual rate of 4.1 percent, substantially above
the 2.7-percent average rate for all manufacturing in
dustries. This increase was associated with an average
annual output increase of 0.4 percent coupled with an
average annual decline in employee hours of 3.6 per
cent. Milk industry productivity growth over the 20year period reflected relatively stable industry output
and sharply reduced employee hours. Productivity was
influenced by two major factors—a rapid trend toward
fewer and larger plants, and changes in technology that
2
Chart 1. Growth in output per employee hour in selected industries, 1973-78
Average annual percent change
~6
-4
-2
3
Table 1.
Selected industries: Employment, 1978, and average annual rates of change in output per employee hour, 1973-78
Output per employee hour:
Average annual rate of change,
1 9 7 3 -7 8 (percent)1
Employment, 1978
(thousands)
Industry
SIC code
All
employees
Production
workers
Non
production
workers
All
employees
Production
workers
Nonproduction
workers2
Mining
1011
1011
1021
1021
111,121
121
14
142
Iron mining, crude o r e ............................................
Iron mining, usable o r e ..........................................
Copper mining, crude ore.......................................
Copper mining, recoverable m etal.......................
Coal m ining....................... ......................................
Bituminous coal and lignite mining.......................
Nonmetallic minerals, except fu e ls .....................
Crushed and broken stone.....................................
2026
203
2033
204
2041
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047,48
205
2061,62,63
2061,62
2063
2065
2082
2086
2111,21,31
2111,31
2121
2251,52
2421
2435,36
251
2511,17
2512
2514
2515
2611,21,31,61
2651
2653
2823,24
2834
2841
2851
2911
3011
314
3221
3241
325
3251,53,59
3251
3253
3255
3271,72
3273
331
3321
3324,25
3331,32,33
3331
3334
3351
3353,54,55
3411
3621
3631,32,33,39
3631
3632
Fluid m ilk ..................................................................
Preserved fruits and vegetables...........................
Canned fruits and vegetables...............................
Grain mill products..................................................
Flour and other grain mill products.......................
Cereal breakfast fo od s...........................................
Rice m illing..............................................................
Blended and prepared flo u r........... ......................
Wet corn m illing......................................................
Prepared feeds for animals and fo w ls .................
Bakery products......................................................
Sugar..........................................................................
Raw and refined cane sugar...................................
Beet sugar................................................................
Candy and confectionery p roducts.....................
Malt beverages........................................................
Bottled and canned soft drinks.............................
All tobacco products..............................................
Cigarettes, chewing and smoking to b a c c o ........
C igars........................................................................
Hosiery......................................................................
Sawmills and planing mills, g eneral.....................
Veneer and plyw o o d ........ ...................................
Household furniture.................................................
Wood household furniture.....................................
Upholstered household furniture...........................
Metal household furniture.......................................
Mattresses and bedsprings...................................
Paper, paperboard, and pulp m ills .......................
Folding paperboard boxes.....................................
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes.........................
Synthetic fibers........................................................
Pharmaceutical preparations.................................
Soaps and detergents............................................
Paints and allied products.....................................
Petroleum refining..................................................
Tires and inner tubes..............................................
F o otw ear..................................................................
Glass containers.................
...........................
Hydraulic cem ent....................................................
Structural clay products.........................................
Clay construction products...................................
Brick and structural clay t i l e .................................
Ceramic wall and floor t il e .....................................
Clay refractories..........
.................................
Concrete products..................................................
Ready-mixed co ncrete..........................................
S te e l............................... ..........................................
Gray iron foundries..................................................
Steel foundries................. ......................................
Primary copper, lead, and z in c .............................
Primary co pp er........................................................
Primary aluminum....................................................
Copper rolling and drawing...................................
Aluminum rolling and draw ing...............................
Metal c a n s .......................................... .....................
Motors and generators..........................................
Major household appliances.................................
Household cooking equipment.............................
Household refrigerators and freezers..................
24
24
30
30
208
205
119
39
20
20
23
23
172
170
94
33
4
4
7
7
36
35
25
6
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
0.6
- 1 .3
7.0
7.0
-3 .5
-3 .6
.8
1.6
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
118
252
96
145
26
17
5
8
13
76
235
33
20
13
58
51
136
49
41
8
63
190
77
330
156
102
32
33
267
46
107
89
149
40
69
165
127
158
77
32
51
38
23
9
13
80
86
560
150
64
22
14
35
32
62
65
136
100
27
37
(3)
205
78
98
16
13
4
6
9
50
137
24
14
10
46
34
48
41
34
7
57
171
68
281
138
84
26
26
204
36
79
70
69
25
36
104
92
138
68
26
40
31
19
7
9
59
(3)
441
125
50
18
12
29
25
50
55
102
81
20
31
(3)
47
18
47
10
4
1
2
4
26
98
9
6
3
12
17
88
8
7
1
6
19
9
49
18
18
6
7
63
10
28
19
80
15
33
61
35
20
9
6
11
7
4
2
4
21
(3)
119
25
14
4
2
6
7
12
10
34
19
7
6
3.1
41.5
41.7
44.9
3.7
4.8
43.8
4- 1 .9
41 1.2
46.2
2.1
.4
41 .3
4.5
.2
7.5
6.2
3.2
3.4
3.6
8.1
1.4
2.7
1.1
4- .6
42.5
41.5
43.8
2.1
-.1
2.6
6.4
3.2
4- .6
3.9
1.1
2.8
.6
2.0
1.2
2.9
3.4
3.1
43.0
1.4
4.8
4- . 9
- .7
.8
-.6
1.5
3.0
- 1 .5
1.5
1.8
2.3
4- .7
3.0
4.1
1.2
(3)
41.7
41.9
45.5
4.9
4.9
41.7
4.4
410.5
47.3
2.5
1.5
41.9
41.4
- .7
7.0
6.9
4.2
4.5
3.3
7.4
1.5
2.6
1.4
4.5
42.6
41.6
44.3
2.7
-.1
3.1
6.5
3.8
4- .2
4.4
1.1
2.9
.5
2.2
1.3
3.5
3.7
3.5
43.1
2.7
41.4
(3)
- .2
1.2
.2
1.6
3.0
- 1 .6
1.5
1.7
2.4
4-.1
2.9
4.7
.9
(3)
40.6
4- .4
43.3
-.1
4.1
413.2
4-8 .1
413.1
43.9
1.4
- 3 .3
4- .5
4- 5 .8
3.9
8.8
5.8
- 2 .5
- 2 .5
7.5
14.2
.4
3.7
- 1 .2
4—11.0
42.3
41.1
42.0
- .2
.1
1.1
6.2
(3)
4- 1 .5
3.3
1.3
2.7
1.1
.8
.8
(5)
1.4
1.1
42.3
- 3 .2
4-1 .1
(3)
- 2 .5
- 1 .7
-4 .1
.9
2.9
- 1 .2
1.5
1.9
1.8
4- 2 .5
3.2
1.9
2.8
M anufacturing
See footnotes at end of table.
4
Table 1. Selected industries: Employment, 1978, and average annual rates of change in output per employee hour, 1973-78—
Continued
Output per employee hour:
Average annual rate of change,
1 9 7 3 -7 8 (percent)1
Employment, 1978
(thousands)
SIC code
Industry
All
employees
3633
3639
3641
3645,46,47,48
3651
371
Household laundry equipment...............................
Household appliances not elsewhere classified
Electric lamps..........................................................
Lighting fixtures......................................................
Radio and television receiving sets.....................
Motor vehicles and equipm ent.............................
Production
workers
Non
production
workers
All
employees
Production
workers
Non
production
workers2
20
16
38
73
92
997
17
12
33
55
67
776
3
4
5
18
25
221
2.2
5.9
3.1
41.0
42.1
3.9
1.7
5.7
3.3
41.7
43.8
3.5
4.1
7.0
1.4
4- 1 .0
4- 3 .7
5.2
473
473
770
475
322
19
993
711
2,474
849
788
4,609
1,025
410
413
413
(3)
(3)
(3)
14
(3)
7579
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
60
60
(3)
(3)
(?)
5
(3)
8132
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
3.0
.9
61.4
61.9
65.1
4.5
8.1
1.4
- .2
2.3
4.9
- 1 .5
.6
1.1
3.1
1.1
(3)
(3)
(3)
42.1
(3)
72.1
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
2.0
-.1
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
Other
401 Class I
401 Class I
4213 part
4213 part
4511
4612,13
4811
491,92,93
54
5511
5541
58
7011
721
Railroad transportation, revenue traffic................
Railroad transportation, car miles.........................
Intercity tru c kin g ....................................................
Intercity trucking (general freight).......................
Air transportation....................................................
Petroleum pipelines................................................
Telephone communications...................................
Gas and electric utilities.........................................
Retail food stores9..................................................
Franchised new car dealers...................................
Gasoline service stations9.......................................
Eating and drinking places9 ...................................
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts9.......................
Laundry and cleaning services9 ...........................
1 Based on the linear least squares trends of the logarithms of the index
numbers.
2 Rates of change for nonproduction workers are subject to a wider
margin of error than other rates shown.
3 Not available.
4 1 9 7 3 -7 7 .
5 Less than 0.05 percent.
6 Output per employee.
7 Nonsupervlsory personnel.
8 Supervisory personnel and force account construction workers.
9 Data relate to all persons.
improved milk processing operations. Altered distribu
tion systems, such as volume-efficient, self-service
supermarkets rather than home delivery, contributed
to the substantial reduction in industry employment.
The industry’s productivity rose each year from
1958 to 1978. Increases ranged from 0.1 percent to 7.7
percent. Output increased in all but 7 years while
employee hours declined in every year.
Population growth and changing consumer
preferences have affected the market for fluid milk
products. The sharp decline in the birth rate in the
1960’s, accompanied by a drop in the number of young
children in the population, has lessened the demand for
whole milk. Whole-milk consumption has also been
affected by publicity on the adverse effects of
cholesterol and by the growth in popularity of soft
drinks. Other industry products, however, have grown
in popularity and have offset the declining sales of
whole milk.
The trend toward larger, more highly automated
plants is likely to continue, and this should help keep
productivity growing at a high rate over the long term.
The increasing use of computers in the industry also
should be a factor in future productivity gains.
Folding paperboard boxes (SIC 2651). Productivity in
the folding paperboard box industry increased at an
5
average annual rate of 2.0 percent from 1963 to 1978,
slightly below the average for all manufacturing. Dur
ing this period, output increased at an average annual
rate of 0.3 percent and employee hours declined at an
average annual rate of 1.7 percent. Productivity gains
have been achieved through advances in printing tech
nology, widespread adoption of power equipment for
finishing operations, and faster gluing machinery.
Productivity changes have fluctuated greatly from
year to year. Annual increases in productivity ranged
from 0.7 percent to 9.5 percent over the period
measured, with decreases occurring in 6 years. The
folding cartons produced by the industry are used to
package a wide variety of products. Changes in the
level of economic activity have caused sharp swings in
industry output, with resulting adjustments in
employee hours. Despite the short-term fluctuations in
output per employee hour, the introduction and spread
of improved production equipment have resulted in
long-term productivity increases.
In the short term, productivity will continue to be
affected by changes in demand. Over the long term,
however, productivity should continue to improve as
more plants adopt the latest production equipment.
Advances in printing technology should be a factor in
future productivity improvements. Demand for indus
try output will continue to fluctuate in line with overall
economic activity.
ing the period of this study. Annual increases in prod
uctivity have ranged from 1.0 to 10.6 percent, with
declines occurring in 4 years. The greatest falloff—7.1
percent—occurred in 1975, a recession year.
Productivity over the short term will continue to be
affected by changes in demand. Over the long term,
high levels of capital investment should continue to
help productivity growth. However, more stringent
legislation restricting phosphate levels in detergents
may act to reduce gains in productivity. Demand
should remain substantial for virtually all of the indus
try’s products.
Soaps and detergents (SIC 2841). Productivity increased
2.9 percent from 1958 to 1977. This growth was associ
ated with average annual increases of 4.1 percent in
output and 1.2 percent in employee hours. Since 1958,
the annual output of the soaps and detergents industry
has doubled while employee hours have increased only
about 28 percent. Productivity gains have resulted pri
marily from a strong demand for soap and detergent
products combined with sustained high levels of capital
investment for new machinery and equipment and im
provements in production and packaging operations.
The growth in productivity has not been steady dur
6
Methods and Data
The indexes of output per employee hour are com
puted by dividing an index of output by an index of ag
gregate employee hours. Corresponding measures also
are computed relating output to the number of
employees. Thus, the industry indexes presented
measure changes in the relationship between output
and employment or employee hours.
The output indexes are based primarily on the physi
cal quantity of the products of the industry combined
with fixed period weights. Unit employee hour weights
are used whenever possible to aggregate the data.
For many industries, however, unit labor weights are
not available at the detailed product level so substitute
weights must be used. The most common substitute
weights are unit values, which are assumed to be pro
portional to unit employee hours. For many manufac
turing industries, however, employee hour weights at
the product-class level can be developed from the
available data. In such cases, a dual level weighting
system is used—unit value weights at the product level
and unit labor weights at the product-class level.
Although the weights relate to fixed periods, they
are updated periodically, usually in conjunction with
economic censuses. Thus, most indexes for 1947-58
are based on 1947 weights; for 1958-63, 1958 weights;
for 1963-67, 1963 weights; for 1967-72, 1967
weights; and for 1972-78, 1972 weights. For three in
dustries—railroads, iron mining, and copper mining—
two alternative productivity measures, using different
concepts of industry output, are presented.
Periodically, the output indexes for most of the
measures are adjusted to levels based on data reported
in the economic censuses for mining, manufacturing,
and business. The most current adjustments presented
in this report reflect data from the 1972 economic cen
suses.
employee hour worked would tend to show a somewhat
higher rate of gain than output per employee hour paid.
However, actual differences may result from statistical
limitations in the data as well as from differences in
concepts.
Industries for which BLS data are used for the
measures of employment and hours have been revised
to reflect adjustments to new universe levels. Because
of the method of construction, indexes for the mining
industries have been revised back to 1967. In other in
dustries, the indexes have been revised back to 1972.
This report includes indexes of output per employee
hour and output per employee. In most cases, the in
dexes are shown for all employees, production
workers, and nonproduction workers.3 Although both
the BLS and Bureau of the Census provide data on pro
duction worker hours, neither source provides annual
data by industry on nonproduction worker or allemployee hours. Therefore, the nonproduction worker
hours are estimated.
The estimates of aggregate nonproduction worker
hours for the manufacturing industries are derived
from published employment data and from estimates of
average annual hours paid or worked per nonproduc
tion worker. Prior to 1968, the estimates of average an
nual hours paid were calculated by multiplying the
number of workweeks in the year by the scheduled
weekly hours. Estimated hours for vacations, holidays,
disability, and personal time off were subtracted from
average annual hours paid to obtain an estimate of
average annual hours worked. Vacation and holiday
trends were based on studies by the U.S. Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare, and on data from BLS
surveys. Personal time off was estimated as a constant
on the basis of data obtained from various sources.
Since 1968, the estimates of average annual hours paid
and average annual hours worked have been based on
data collected in the BLS survey, Employee Compensa
tion in the Private Nonfarm Economy.
Em ploym ent and em ployee hour indexes are
developed primarily from basic data compiled by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and the Bureau of the
Census. In concept, indexes based on employee hour
data from the Bureau of the Census relate to plant
hours only. Employee hour data from BLS include not
only hours at work but also payroll hours such as vaca
tions, holidays, and sick leave paid by the establish
ment directly to the employee.2 In general, because of
increases in paid leave during the period, output per
indexes for the railroad transportation industry are oased on
data from the Interstate Commerce Commission and are related pri
marily to hours at work.
3The term “production workers” covers manufacturing and min
ing employees who work at the plant or mine and who are generally
in nonsupervisory occupations. The remaining employees, such as
professional, technical, clerical, supervisory, etc., are identified as
“nonproduction workers.”
7
For five service industries—retail food stores;
gasoline service stations; eating and drinking places;
hotels, motels, and tourist courts; and laundry and
cleaning services—measures of the hours of partners,
proprietors, and supervisory (nonproduction) workers
were developed. Except for hotels, motels, and tourist
courts, estimates were also made for the hours of un
paid family workers. Average weekly hours worked for
partners, proprietors, and unpaid family workers were
obtained from unpublished data collected in the Cur
rent Population Survey. The data were compiled for
the BLS by the Bureau of the Census. Average weekly
hours worked by supervisory employees were obtained
from the 1960 and 1970 censuses of population. Esti
mates for intercensal years were derived using ex
trapolation and linear interpolation techniques.
All employee hour estimates for the manufacturing
industries are derived by summing the aggregate hours
for production workers and the estimated hours for
nonproduction workers. Hours of all persons are
derived by summing the aggregate hours for paid
employees, partners, proprietors, and unpaid family
workers.
Manufacturing indexes involving nonproduction
worker hours are subject to a wider margin of error
than are the indexes involving only production worker
hours because it is necessary to estimate the average
hours of nonproduction workers. In general, any errors
in these estimates, however, would have a relatively in
significant effect on the trend in the hours for ail
employees.
The output indexes and employee hour components
of the industry productivity indexes are based on data
from a number of different sources which are identified
in the accompanying tables. For most of the industries,
the 1978 output indexes are based on the data sources
that are regularly used. However, for some industries,
the normal data sources are not yet available, and other
information, such as the Federal Reserve Board output
indexes, the Current Industrial Reports of the Bureau of
the Census, and trade association data, were used. For
those industries using the Bureau of the Census as the
primary source of employment and employee hours,
the 1978 indexes were developed by linking employ
ment and employee hour data from BLS, since 1978
Census data are not yet available. Therefore, all 1978
output per employee hour measures are considered
preliminary and are subject to revision.
The indexes refer to the standard reference base
1967=100 and, beginning in 1972, conform to the 1972
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) definitions.
The average annual rates of change published in this
bulletin are based on the linear least squares trends of
the logarithms of the index numbers. Average annual
rates of change for any time periods shown in this
report are available on request from the Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
More detailed information on the methods, limita
tions, and data sources is contained in the BLS
Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 1910 (1976),
chapter 31, and in a number of individual industry
reports. Industry reports as well as additional informa
tion are available on request from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. The handbook is for sale by the Superindendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402, or at the
Bureau of Labor Statistics regional offices listed on the
inside back cover of this bulletin.
8
Industry Indexes
Charts and Tables
Indexes of output per employee hour and related data
SIC code
Industry
Page
Table
Page
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
2,3
4,5
6,7
8,9
10,11
12,13
14,15
16,17
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
38
39
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
40
41
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
90
18
19,20
21,22
23,24
25,26
27,28
29,30
31,32
33,34
35,36
37,38
39,40
41,42
43,44
45,46
47,48
49,50
51,52
53,54
55,56
57,58
59,60
61,62
63,64
65,66
67,68
69,70
71,72
73,74
75,76
77,78
79,80
Chart
M in in g
1011
1011
1021
1021
111,121
121
14
142
Iron mining, crude ore......................................
Iron mining, usable o r e ....................................
Copper mining, crude o r e ................................
Copper mining, recoverable metal..................
Coal mining........................................................
Bituminous coal and lignite mining................
Nonmetallic minerals, except fu els................
Crushed and broken stone..............................
2026
203
2033
204
2041
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047,48
205
2061,62,63
2061,62
2063
2065
2082
2086
2111,21,31
2111,31
2121
2251,52
2421
2435,2436
251
2511,2517
2512
2514
2515
2611,21,31,61
2651
2653
2823,24
Fluid m ilk..........................................................
Preserved fruits and vegetables......................
Canned fruits and vegetables..........................
Grain mill products..........................................
Flour and other grain mill products..............
Cereal breakfast foods......................................
Rice m illin g ......................................................
Blended and prepared flour............................
Wet corn milling................................................
Prepared feeds for animals and fo w ls............
Bakery products................................................
Sugar .................................................................
Raw and refined cane sugar............................
Beet sugar..........................................................
Candy and confectionery products................
Malt beverages..................................................
Bottled and canned soft drinks........................
All tobacco products........................................
Cigarettes, chewing and smoking tobacco.. . .
Cigars.................................................................
H osiery.............................................................
Sawmills and planing mills, general..............
Veneer and plywood........................................
Household furniture........................................
Wood household furniture..............................
Upholstered household furniture....................
Metal household furniture..............................
Mattresses and bedsprings..............................
Pap-r, paperboard, and pulp mills..................
Folding paperboard b o x e s..............................
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes....................
Synthetic fibers..................................................
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
M an u fa ctu rin g
10
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
88
91
Indexes of output per employee hour and related data— Continued
Industry
Chart
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
92
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
108
110
112
114
116
118
120
122
124
126
128
130
132
134
136
138
140
142
144
146
148
81,82
83,84
85,86
87,88
89,90
91,92
93,94
95,96
97,98
99,100
101,102
103,104
105,106
107,108
109
110,111
112,113
114,115
116,117
118,119
120,121
122,123
124,125
126,127
128,129
130,131
132,133
134,135
136,137
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
125
127
129
131
133
135
137
139
141
143
145
147
149
3641
3645,46,47,48
3651
371
Pharmaceutical preparations..........................
Soaps and detergents........................................
Paints and allied products................................
Petroleum refining..........................................
Tires and inner tubes........................................
Footwear............................................................
Glass containers................................................
Hydraulic cement..............................................
Structural clay products..................................
Clay construction products..............................
Brick and structural clay t i l e ..........................
Ceramic wall and floor tile ..............................
Clay refractories................................................
Concrete products............................................
Ready-mixed concrete......................................
Steel ...................................................................
Gray iron foundries..........................................
Steel foundries.................................................
Primary copper, lead, and zin c.......................
Primary copper..................................................
Primary aluminum...........................................
Copper rolling and drawing............................
Aluminum rolling and drawing......................
Metal cans.........................................................
Motors and generators....................................
Major household appliances............................
Household cooking equipment........................
Household refrigerators and freezers............
Household laundry equipment........................
Household appliances not elsewhere
classified.......................................................
Electric lamps...................................................
Lighting fixtures................................................
Radio and television receiving s e ts ..............
Motor vehicles and equipment........................
71
72
73
74
75
150
152
154
156
158
138,139
140,141
142,143
144,145
146,147
151
153
155
157
159
401 Class I
401 Class I
4213 part
4213 part
4511
4612,13
4811
491,92,93
54
5511
5541
58
7011
72
Railroad transportation, revenue traffic........
Railroad transportation, car miles..................
Intercity trucking..............................................
Intercity trucking (general freight)................
Air transportation............................................
Petroleum pipelines..........................................
Telephone communications............................
Gas and electric utilities.................................
Retail food stores.............................................
Franchised new car dealers..............................
Gasoline service stations..................................
Eating and drinking places..............................
Hotels, motels, and tourist cou rts..................
Laundry and cleaning services........................
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
160
162
164
166
168
170
172
174
176
178
180
182
184
186
148,149
150,151
152
153
154
155,156
157
158,159
160
161
162
163
164
165
161
163
165
167
169
171
173
175
177
179
181
183
185
187
SIC code
2834
2841
2851
2911
3011
314
3221
3241
325
3251,53,59
3251
3253
3255
3271,72
3273
331
3321
3324,25
3331,32,33
3331
3334
3351
3353,54,55
341
3621
3631,32,33,39
3631
3632
3633
3639
Page
Table
Page
O ther
11
Chart 2. Iron mining, crude ore (SIC 1011): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
—1 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- J 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
12
Table 2. Iron mining, crude ore (SIC 1011): Indexes of output per hour of production workers and ouput
per employee, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955 .....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 .....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 .....................................
1961 ............................ ........
1962 .....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 ....... .............................
1966 .....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 ...................................
1976 ............................. .......
1977 .....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
194 7-7 8...............................
1973-78...............................
Output per employee 1
Output per hour of
production workers 1
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
41.0
52.9
55.5
56.2
55.1
57.1
64.9
75.2
81.0
90.0
97.6
94.5
95.8
100.0
109.6
116.9
115.6
114.1
124.4
130.6
124.0
129.7
130.6
126.0
134.4
39.6
53.6
53.9
53.3
45.4
48.7
61.3
66.9
74.9
83.5
94.3
93.3
96.6
100.0
108.2
113.7
113.8
108.8
119.2
129.7
127.7
127.9
128.1
114.6
134.5
38.3
52.5
54.2
54.2
48.4
52.3
62.6
70.3
78.1
84.7
94.3
92.8
96.2
100.0
109.1
115.7
116.2
110.8
122.2
131.3
128.1
130.4
130.6
125.3
137.5
46.0
58.0
52.8
50.2
36.6
38.2
56.3
56.2
64.4
78.4
94.3
96.1
97.8
100.0
104.9
106.8
105.4
101.8
108.6
123.8
125.7
118.8
119.0
85.8
124.4
4.9
.6
4.4
-.4
4.8
.5
2.5
-3.1
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S.
Department of the Interior, and the Bureau of the Census. Employ
ment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and
the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per hour of production
workers and output per employee indexes relate to the total production
of the industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single
group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 3. Iron mining, crude ore (SIC 1011): Indexes of output, hours of production workers, and employees, 1954-78
(1967=100)
Year
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955 ............................. .......
1956 ....................................
1957 .....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
Employees
Hours of
production workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
60.0
78.2
80.4
88.5
60.5
56.6
85.7
75.8
79.8
85.3
96.4
98.2
100.0
100.0
107.2
113.7
116.9
108.4
103.9
121.1
120.3
118.8
124.1
87.7
129.8
146.5
147.7
144.9
157.4
109.8
99.1
132.1
100.8
98.5
94.8
98.8
103.9
104.4
100.0
97.8
97.3
101.1
95.0
83.5
92.7
97.0
91.6
95.0
69.6
96.6
151.4
146.0
149.2
165.9
133.2
116.3
139.9
113.3
106.6
102.2
102.2
105.3
103.5
100.0
99.1
100.0
102.7
99.6
87.2
93.4
94.2
92.9
96.9
76.5
96.5
156.7
148.9
148.4
163.4
125.0
108.3
136.8
107.8
102.2
100.7
102.2
106.1
103.9
100.0
98.3
98.3
100.6
97.8
85.0
92.2
93.9
91.1
95.0
70.0
94.4
130.5
134.9
152.2
176.2
165.3
148.0
152.2
134.9
124.0
108.8
102.2
102.2
102.2
100.0
102.2
106.5
110.9
106.5
95.7
97.8
95.7
100.0
104.3
102.2
104.3
2.2
-1.6
-2.6
-2.1
-2.2
-1.2
-2.6
-2.0
-.4
1.6
1 Preliminary.
Interior, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
13
Chart 3. Iron mining, usable ore (SIC 1011): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
Source — Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
14
Table 4. Iron mining, usable ore (SIC 1011): Indexes of output per hour of production workers and
ouput per employee, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour of
production workers 1
Year
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955 .....................................
1956 .....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ................................... .
1959 .....................................
1960 .....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 .....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 ..................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
197 3-7 8...............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
48.3
63.4
63.4
64.0
60.1
59.9
66.8
71.6
75.5
82.9
91.8
92.2
97.5
100.0
108.6
113.3
112.3
109.6
118.8
123.6
114.2
118.6
116.8
110.5
115.7
46.7
64.2
61.5
60.8
49.5
51.1
63.1
63.7
69.8
76.9
88.7
91.0
98.4
100.0
107.2
110.2
110.5
104.5
113.8
122.7
117.6
116.9
114.6
100.5
115.9
45.1
62.9
61.9
61.7
52.8
54.8
64.5
67.0
72.8
78.1
88.7
90.3
98.0
100.0
108.0
112.1
112.8
106.4
116.7
124.3
118.0
119.2
116.8
109.9
118.4
54.2
69.5
60.3
57.2
39.9
40.1
58.0
53.5
60.0
72.2
88.7
93.7
99.6
100.0
103.9
103.5
102.3
97.7
103.7
117.2
115.8
108.6
106.4
75.2
107.2
3.6
-1.3
3.1
-2.2
3.5
-1.4
1.3
-4.9
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S.
Department of the Interior, and the Bureau of the Census. Employ
ment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and
the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per hour of production
workers and output per employee indexes relate to the total production
of the industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single
group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 5. Iron mining, usable ore (SIC 1011): Indexes of output, hours of production workers, and employees, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
I9 6 0 ...................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ................................... .
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 .................................
1967 ....................................
1968 .................................
1969 ...................................
1970 ....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 ..................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ...................................
1976 .................................
1977 .....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Employees
Hours of
production workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
70.7
93.7
91.8
100.8
66.0
59.4
88.3
72.2
74.4
78.6
90.7
95.8
101.8
100.0
106.2
110.2
113.5
104.1
99.2
114.6
110.8
108.6
111.0
76.9
111.8
146.5
147.7
144.9
157.4
109.8
99.1
132.1
100.8
98.5
94.8
98.8
103.9
104.4
100.0
97.8
97.3
101.1
95.0
83.5
92.7
97.0
91.6
95.0
69.6
96.6
151.4
146.0
149.2
165.9
133.2
116.3
139.9
113.3
106.6
102.2
102.2
105.3
103.5
100.0
99.1
100.0
102.7
99.6
87.2
93.4
94.2
92.9
96.9
76.5
96.5
156.7
148.9
148.4
163.4
125.0
108.3
136.8
107.8
102.2
100.7
102.2
106.1
103.9
100.0
98.3
98.3
100.6
97.8
85.0
92.2
93.9
91.1
95.0
70.0
94.4
130.5
134.9
152.2
176.2
165.3
148.0
152.2
134.9
124.0
108.8
102.2
102.2
102.2
100.0
102.2
106.5
110.9
106.5
95.7
97.8
95.7
100.0
104.3
102.2
104.3
.9
-3.4
-2.6
-2.1
-2.2
-1.2
-2.6
-2.0
-.4
1.6
Output
1 Preliminary
Interior, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
15
Chart 4. Copper mining, crude ore (SIC 1021): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
- 1 80
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
- 1 80
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
- 1 80
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source -
Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
16
Table 6. Copper mining, crude ore (SIC 1021): Indexes of output per hour of production workers and
ouput per employee, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 .....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....... ............................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output per employee 1
Output per hour of
production workers 1
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
49.9
56.4
57.5
63.1
69.8
71.5
73.3
75.2
82.3
82.0
93.5
96.2
101.9
100.0
106.5
109.0
115.3
119.8
118.1
118.6
114.7
122.2
140.5
145.4
160.5
56.5
65.6
66.7
67.8
70.0
75.6
82.2
86.0
93.1
94.5
105.3
109.3
114.1
100.0
117.7
125.8
128.9
126.3
123.7
124.9
116.6
116.9
134.2
134.3
154.0
53.8
62.7
63.0
64.8
68.1
75.2
80.2
80.5
86.1
86.2
96.6
99.4
104.3
100.0
117.3
119.1
123.1
125.3
119.3
119.8
112.9
116.8
134.7
135.3
154.6
64.7
75.5
80.0
77.7
76.0
76.8
88.7
106.7
120.5
129.6
140.5
151.2
154.7
100.0
118.8
148.7
148.6
129.3
138.1
141.9
128.0
117.1
133.0
131.5
152.4
4.5
7.0
3.6
4.7
3.9
5.8
2.5
1.6
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S.
Department of the Interior, and the Bureau of the Census. Employ
ment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and
the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per hour of production
workers and output per employee indexes relate to the total production
of the industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single
group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 7, Copper mining, crude ore (SIC 1021): Indexes of output, hours of production workers, and employees, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Employees
Hours of
production workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
71.4
85.9
100.7
99.2
87.8
79.4
103.9
110.3
116.4
113.9
121.1
135.6
146.7
100.0
133.2
174.3
199.8
187.2
204.8
222.6
225.2
201.8
217.8
199.5
202.4
143.0
152.3
175.2
157.1
125.7
111.0
141.7
146.6
141.5
138.9
129.5
141.0
144.0
100.0
125.1
159.9
173.3
156.3
173.4
187.7
196.3
165.2
155.0
137.2
126.1
126.4
130.9
150.9
146.4
125.5
105.0
126.4
128.2
125.0
120.5
115.0
124.1
128.6
100.0
113.2
138.6
155.0
148.2
165.5
178.2
193.2
172.7
162.3
148.6
131.4
132.7
137.0
159.9
153.1
129.0
105.6
129.6
137.0
135.2
132.1
125.3
136.4
140.7
100.0
113.6
146.3
162.3
149.4
171.6
185.8
199.4
172.8
161.7
147.5
130.9
110.3
113.8
125.9
127.6
115.5
103.4
117.2
103.4
96.6
87.9
86.2
89.7
94.8
100.0
112.1
117.2
134.5
144.8
148.3
156.9
175.9
172.4
163.8
151.7
132.8
4.6
-2.2
.1
-8.5
.9
-6.6
.6
-7.5
2.0
-3.7
Output 1
1 Represents output in terms of copper ore sold or treated.
2 preiiminarv
r ie n m i n c u y .
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from
the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
-
17
Chart 5. Copper mining, recoverable metal (SIC 1021): Output per hour and related data,
1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
-
-
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
H 100
80
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
—I 260
H 240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
18
Table 8. Copper mining, recoverable metal (SIC 1021): Indexes of output per hour of production workers
and ouput per employee, 1954-78
(1967 = 100 )
Output per employee 1
Output per hour of
production workers 1
Year
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955 .....................................
1956 .....................................
1957 .....................................
1958 .....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
60.5
68.2
65.6
71.8
81.1
77.2
79.4
82.9
90.4
90.9
100.3
100.1
103.8
100.0
101.3
102.0
105.2
103.6
102.5
97.8
86.9
91.3
110.6
117.1
126.7
68.4
79.3
76.1
77.0
81.3
81.6
89.0
94.8
102.3
104.8
113.0
113.8
116.3
100.0
111.9
117.7
117.6
109.3
107.4
103.0
88.3
87.4
105.7
108.1
121.6
65.2
75.8
71.9
73.7
79.1
81.2
86.8
88.7
94.6
95.6
103.7
103.5
106.3
100.0
111.5
111.5
112.3
108.4
103.6
98.8
85.5
87.3
106.1
108.9
122.1
78.4
91.2
91.3
88.4
88.3
82.9
96.0
117.5
132.4
143.7
150.7
157.4
157.7
100.0
113.0
139.2
135.5
111.9
119.9
117.0
96.9
87.5
104.7
105.9
120.3
2.5
7.0
1.6
4.8
1.9
5.8
.6
1.7
1 The output measures underlying the output per hour of production
workers and output per employee indexes relate to the total production
of the industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single
group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S.
Department of the Interior, and the Bureau of the Census. Employ
ment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and
the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 9. Copper mining, recoverable metal (SIC 1021): Indexes of output, hours of production workers, and employees,
1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output 1
Employees
Hours of
production workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
86.5
103.8
114.9
112.8
102.0
85.7
112.5
121.5
127.9
126.3
129.9
141.2
149.5
100.0
126.7
163.1
182.3
162.0
177.8
183.5
170.5
150.9
171.5
160.6
159.8
143.0
152.3
175.2
157.1
125.7
111.0
141.7
146.6
141.5
138.9
129.5
141.0
144.0
100.0
125.1
159.9
173.3
156.3
173.4
187.7
196.3
165.2
155.0
137.2
126.1
126.4
130.9
150.9
146.4
125.5
105.0
126.4
128.2
125.0
120.5
115.0
124.1
128.6
100.0
113.2
138.6
155.0
148.2
165.5
178.2
193.2
172.7
162.3
148.6
131.4
132.7
137.0
159.9
153.1
129.0
105.6
129.6
137.0
135.2
132.1
125.3
136.4
140.7
100.0
113.6
146.3
162.3
149.4
171.6
185.8
199.4
172.8
161.7
147.5
130.9
110.3
113.8
125.9
127.6
115.5
103.4
117.2
103.4
96.6
87.9
86.2
89.7
94.8
100.0
112.1
117.2
134.5
144.8
148.3
156.9
175.9
172.4
163.8
151.7
132.8
2.6
-2.1
.1
-8.5
.9
-6.6
.6
-7.5
2.0
-3.7
1 Represents output in terms of copper recovered from copper ore, old tailings,
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
and precipitates.
Interior, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from
2 Preliminary.
the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
19
Chart 6. Coal mining (SIC 1 1 1 ,1 2 1 ): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
—I 180
-
160
140
-
120
-
100
80
- 1 60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
Source -
Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
20
Table 10. Coal mining (SIC 111, 121): Indexes of output per hour of production workers and output per
employee, 1954-78
(1967=100)
Year
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955 .....................................
1956 .....................................
1957 .....................................
1958 .....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 .....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output per employee 1
Output per hour of
production workers 1
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
47.7
51.2
54.1
54.8
61.2
62.7
66.8
74.0
79.2
83.1
87.8
93.1
98.0
100.0
103.8
103.1
98.1
91.6
84.2
85.8
84.1
72.7
71.4
69.5
75.5
40.7
50.1
52.6
50.8
50.8
55.2
58.6
65.2
72.0
79.2
84.5
91.4
97.6
100.0
101.3
99.6
97.7
87.4
83.3
82.3
75.7
68.5
67.7
68.7
70.5
39.3
48.3
50.9
49.7
51.0
55.7
59.2
65.7
71.9
78.4
83.6
91.0
97.6
100.0
102.6
101.0
98.5
91.4
85.4
84.9
78.3
71.1
70.6
71.6
75.9
55.5
68.4
68.2
60.9
49.7
52.0
54.9
62.3
73.4
86.2
91.3
94.7
97.9
100.0
93.7
90.7
92.2
67.2
71.6
67.9
61.4
54.5
52.5
53.4
47.2
3.4
-3.5
3.6
-3.0
4.0
-2.4
.3
-6.3
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Energy Information
Administration, U.S. Department of Energy: the Bureau of the Census:
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on
data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per hour of production
workers and output per employee indexes relate to the total production
of the industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single
group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 11. Coal mining (SIC 111, 121): Indexes of output, hours of production workers, and employees, 1954-78
(1967= 100)
Year
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955 .....................................
1956 .....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 .....................................
I9 6 0 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ..... ...............................
1963 .....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ...................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ...................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974
................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ...................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78 ............................
Employees
Hours of
production workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
79.4
91.6
99.7
97.1
81.3
81.2
80.8
77.8
80.9
87.8
91.8
94.7
97.3
100.0
97.6
99.0
105.0
95.3
101.1
100.4
102.3
109.6
114.6
116.5
110.6
166.6
178.9
184.4
177.3
132.9
129.6
120.9
105.1
102.2
105.6
104.5
101.7
99.3
100.0
94.0
96.0
107.0
104.0
120.0
117.0
121.6
150.8
160.6
167.7
146.5
195.0
182.7
189.7
191.0
160.1
147.2
138.0
119.4
112.3
110.8
108.7
103.6
99.7
100.0
96.3
99.4
107.5
109.0
121.3
122.0
135.2
160.0
169.4
169.5
156.9
202.2
189.6
195.8
195.5
159.4
145.9
136.6
118.5
112.5
112.0
109.8
104.1
99.7
100.0
95.1
98.0
106.6
104.3
118.4
118.2
130.7
154.1
162.4
162.6
145.8
143.0
133.9
146.1
159.4
163.7
156.3
147.2
124.8
110.2
101.8
100.6
100.0
99.4
100.0
104.2
109.1
113.9
141.8
141.2
147.9
166.7
201.2
218.2
218.2
234.5
.2
2.7
-3.1
6.3
-3.3
5.9
-3.7
5.1
-.1
9.6
Output
pre|iminary.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Energy Information Administration, U.S.
of Labor Statistics.
Department of Energy, the Bureau of the Census, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1
21
Chart 7. Bituminous coal and lignite mining (SIC 121): Output per hour and related data,
1967—78
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
Source -
Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
22
Table 12. Bituminous coal and lignite mining (SIC 121): indexes of output per hour of production workers
and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967=100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour of
production workers 1
Year
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 .....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 .....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
46.4
50.3
52.4
53.9
60.2
61.6
66.2
73.8
78.5
82.3
87.9
93.5
98.4
100.0
103.6
103.1
98.3
92.0
83.9
85.9
83.9
72.1
70.8
69.0
74.7
40.4
50.1
51.6
50.6
50.1
54.4
58.0
64.3
70.8
78.2
84.4
92.0
97.9
100.0
101.1
99.6
97.7
87.4
82.8
81.8
74.9
67.7
66.9
68.0
69.5
38.7
48.1
50.0
49.5
50.4
55.0
58.6
64.9
70.7
77.2
83.4
91.6
98.1
100.0
102.5
101.2
98.6
91.5
84.8
84.4
77.6
70.3
69.8
71.1
74.9
57.6
69.8
66.9
59.2
48.5
50.3
54.1
60.7
71.0
85.1
91.4
95.1
96.9
100.0
92.4
89.8
92.0
66.9
70.8
67.1
60.0
53.6
51.8
52.3
46.1
3.5
-3.6
3.6
-3.1
4.0
-2.4
.3
-6.4
1 The output measures underlying the output per hour of production
workers and output per employee indexes relate to the total production
of the industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single
group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Energy Information
Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, and the Bureau of the
Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of
the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 13r Bituminous coal and lignite mining (SIC 121): Indexes of output, hours of production workers, and employees,
1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 ....... .........................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
Employees
Hours of
production workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
71.0
84.7
91.6
90.5
75.7
75.9
76.4
74.0
77.5
84.1
89.0
93.3
96.9
100.0
97.8
99.7
106.3
96.6
103.2
102.6
104.6
112.4
117.6
119.8
113.3
153.1
168.3
174.8
168.0
125.7
123.2
115.4
100.3
98.7
102.2
101.3
99.8
98.5
100.0
94.4
96.7
108.1
105.0
123.0
119.5
124.7
156.0
166.2
173.5
151.6
175.9
169.2
177.5
179.0
151.0
139.6
131.8
115.0
109.4
107.6
105.5
101.4
99.0
100.0
96.7
100.1
108.8
110.5
124.7
125.4
139.7
166.1
175.7
176.1
163.0
183.5
176.0
183.2
182.7
150.2
138.0
130.3
114.0
109.6
108.9
106.7
101.9
98.8
100.0
95.4
98.5
107.8
105.6
121.7
121.5
134.8
159.9
168.4
168.6
151.2
123.3
121.4
136.9
153.0
156.2
151.0
141.3
122.0
109.1
98.8
97.4
98.1
100.0
100.0
105.8
111.0
115.5
144.5
145.8
152.9
174.2
209.7
227.1
229.0
245.8
.8
2.7
-2.6
6.6
-2.7
6.1
-3.1
5.3
.5
9.8
1 preliminary.
Department of Energy, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Energy Information Administration, U.S.
on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
23
Chart 8. Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels (SIC 14): Output per hour and related data,
1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
—1 80
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
—1 80
Source -
Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
24
Table 14. Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels (SIC 14): Indexes of output per hour of production workers
and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955 .....................................
1956 .....................................
1957 .....................................
1958 .....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ........ ............................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output per employee 1
Output per hour of
production workers 1
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
58.4
62.8
65.5
70.5
73.0
74.4
74.7
78.1
81.9
85.7
91.1
93.7
98.9
100.0
108.9
112.1
116.0
116.7
121.7
128.5
123.3
120.7
126.4
130.7
130.4
63.5
68.0
70.0
72.2
72.4
75.9
74.5
77.9
82.5
86.5
92.5
96.3
101.4
100.0
108.6
113.9
115.7
115.9
120.2
128.8
122.1
113.9
121.0
126.7
127.5
58.9
63.5
65.9
69.2
70.4
73.5
72.6
76.0
80.3
84.5
90.8
94.5
100.1
100.0
108.5
113.4
115.5
116.7
121.4
130.4
123.9
117.3
124.6
130.2
130.4
91.4
94.0
92.1
87.3
81.2
86.7
83.1
85.7
92.0
94.8
99.0
103.9
106.1
100.0
108.9
115.5
116.7
112.7
115.3
122.7
115.8
102.7
108.7
115.2
117.2
3.5
.8
3.1
.3
3.5
.6
1.4
-.5
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S.
Department of the Interior, and the Bureau of the Census. Employ
ment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and
the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per hour of production
workers and output per employee indexes relate to the total production
of the industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single
group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 15. Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels (SIC 14): Indexes of output, hours of production workers, and employees,
1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 .......................... ..........
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
Employees
Hours of
production workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
60.3
65.8
71.2
72.1
71.7
78.6
79.0
80.5
84.2
87.5
92.2
98.0
103.6
100.0
105.0
108.5
109.6
109.5
114.4
125.2
121.9
109.0
113.6
120.4
124.4
103.3
104.8
108.7
102.2
98.2
105.7
105.7
103.1
102.8
102.1
101.2
104.6
104.7
100.0
96.4
96.8
94.5
93.8
94.0
97.4
98.9
90.3
89.9
92.1
95.4
94.9
96.7
101.7
99.8
99.1
103.6
106.0
103.4
102.1
101.2
99.7
101.8
102.2
100.0
96.7
95.3
94.7
94.5
95.2
97.2
99.8
95.7
93.9
95.0
97.6
102.4
103.6
108.0
104.2
101.9
106.9
108.8
105.9
104.8
103.6
101.5
103.7
103.5
100.0
96.8
95.7
94.9
93.8
94.2
96.0
98.4
92.9
91.2
92.5
95.4
66.0
70.0
77.3
82.6
88.3
90.7
95.1
93.9
91.5
92.3
93.1
94.3
97.6
100.0
96.4
93.9
93.9
97.2
99.2
102.0
105.3
106.1
104.5
104.5
106.1
2.9
-.1
-.6
-.9
-.2
-.4
-.6
-.7
1.4
.5
1 Preliminary.
Interior, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
25
Chart 9. Crushed and broken stone (SIC 142): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
Ratio ocalfs
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source -
Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
26
Table 16. Crushed and broken stone (SIC 142): Indexes of output per hour of production workers and
output per employee, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour of
production workers 1
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 .....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 .....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ................................
197 3-7 8...............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
73.9
75.9
76.7
78.2
81.4
84.7
91.5
94.4
99.8
100.0
110.7
114.6
119.9
120.3
128.2
141.6
138.6
139.6
140.2
148.5
151.6
71.8
75.5
74.1
76.4
80.9
84.2
90.5
96.7
101.8
100.0
110.3
116.4
117.3
117.4
124.5
140.5
135.8
128.0
132.2
141.6
148.0
71.0
74.9
73.6
75.8
79.8
83.7
90.2
95.8
101.0
100.0
110.5
116.5
119.7
121.3
127.6
144.3
140.6
133.9
137.0
145.4
150.9
75.9
79.2
76.7
79.5
86.4
87.0
92.5
102.2
105.6
100.0
109.8
116.2
106.6
101.2
110.9
124.0
116.4
105.3
113.1
125.5
134.9
4.0
1.6
3.9
1.2
4.1
1.0
2.5
2.1
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U S.
Department of the Interior, and the Bureau of the Census. Employ
ment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and
the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per hour of production
workers and output per employee indexes relate to the total production
of the industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single
group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 17. Crushed and broken stone (SIC 142): Indexes of output, hours of production workers, and employees, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....... ............................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ................................
1973-78...............................
Output
Employees
Hours of
production workers
A!], employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
69.6
75.9
78.8
77.3
81.6
84.6
89.9
97.9
104.1
100.0
106.7
111.3
112.6
113.9
120.1
137.8
135.8
118.5
117.8
125.5
131.1
94.2
100.0
102.8
98.9
100.3
99.9
98.3
103.7
104.3
100.0
96.4
97.1
93.9
94.7
93.7
97.3
98.0
84.9
84.0
84.5
86.5
97.0
100.5
106.3
101.2
100.9
100.5
99.3
101.2
102.3
100.0
96.7
95.6
96.0
97.0
96.5
98.1
100.0
92.6
89.1
88.6
88.6
98.0
101.4
107.0
102.0
102.2
101.1
99.7
102.2
103.1
100.0
96.6
95.5
94.1
93.9
94.1
95.5
96.6
88.5
86.0
86.3
86.9
91.7
95.8
102.8
97.2
94.4
97.2
97.2
95.8
98.6
100.0
97.2
95 8
105.6
112.5
108.3
111.1
116.7
112.5
104.2
100.0
97.2
3.2
-.8
-2.9
-.6
-2.6
-.9
-2.4
.7
-3.4
-1 .4
1 Preliminary.
Interior, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
27
'hart 10. Fluid milk (SIC 2026): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
1967=100)
Output per employee hour
itio sea
i 180
■
160
140
■
120
■
100
■
Output
■
80
•
60
i 180
■
160
140
-
120
■
100
■
Employee hours
■
80
•
60
i 180
-
160
140
■
120
-
100
■
80
-
60
■
1
_L
1
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Lat
28
Table 18. Fluid milk (SIC 2026): Indexes of output per employee hour, output per employee, output, employee hours, and
employees, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958 .....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ........................ ............
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 .....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....... .............................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output per
employee hour
Output per
employee
Output
Employee hours
Employees
77.2
79.1
81.0
82.5
86.2
91.3
93.1
94.3
97.0
100.0
105.7
110.6
117.1
126.2
135.4
140.1
143.6
150.3
156.1
156.2
163.3
77.7
79.9
81.6
83.3
86.4
91.3
93.1
94.3
96.9
100.0
103.5
108.2
114.6
124.2
134.7
139.7
143.2
150.3
155.8
,58.7
163.8
91.5
93.7
95.1
95.5
97.1
100.5
101.9
101.7
100.4
100.0
99.6
99.9
101.1
103.0
104.9
102.0
99.5
100.4
101.3
100.6
100.9
118.6
118.5
117.4
115.8
112.7
110.1
109.4
107.8
103.5
100.0
94.2
90.3
86.3
81.6
77.5
72.8
69.3
66.8
64.9
64.4
61.8
117.7
117.3
116.5
114.6
112.4
110.1
109.4
107.8
103.6
100.0
96.2
92.3
88.2
82.9
77.9
73.0
69.5
66.8
65.0
63.4
61.6
4.1
3.1
4.1
3.3
.4
(2)
-3.6
-3.0
-3.6
-3.2
1 Preliminary.
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment
2 Less than .05 percent.
and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives
29
Chart 11. Preserved fruits and vegetables (SIC 203): Output per hour and related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 7
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
- j 150
-
-
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
Source -
Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
30
Table 19. Preserved fruits and vegetables (SIC 203): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-77
(1967=100)
Output per ho u r1
Output per employee 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
71.8
73.5
79.2
74.9
74.1
74.2
79.5
81.9
85.8
89.3
92.1
95.4
94.9
100.0
102.5
104.4
108.2
112.6
114.8
125.6
123.0
124.9
132.7
130.4
71.4
73.2
79.1
78.9
75.1
75.0
80.0
82.1
86.0
90.0
93.3
96.5
96.0
100.0
102.6
104.7
109.9
115.1
117.2
129.3
124.9
127.1
135.6
134.7
74.4
75.1
79.4
55.3
67.5
69.3
76.4
80.2
84.5
84.1
84.7
88.2
88.3
100.0
101.6
101.9
97.6
98.4
100.4
104.5
110.4
111.2
114.3
106.0
70.7
70.7
77.6
73.9
73.2
74.5
80.4
81.7
86.7
87.4
91.2
94.7
93.9
100.0
99.4
102.1
105.4
111.1
113.1
123.4
121.3
121.9
127.4
128.1
69.8
69.8
76.9
77.3
73.7
74.9
80.8
81.8
86.9
87.8
92.2
95.7
94.7
100.0
99.8
102.7
107.1
113.2
115.0
126.4
122.6
123.3
129.0
131.8
77.4
77.8
82.5
57.4
69.9
71.8
78.2
81.0
84.9
84.3
85.3
88.6
88.3
100.0
96.9
98.4
95.5
98.0
101.5
106.2
112.4
113.1
116.9
107.5
2.9
1.5
3.0
1.7
2.2
.6
2.9
1.2
3.0
1.3
2.0
.6
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ................................. .
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 .
1962 .
1963 .
1964 .
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 2 .............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-77...............................
1973-77...............................
Department of Agriculture; the Bureau of Labor Statistics; the Bureau of Competitive
Assessment and Business Policy, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and
the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the National Canners Association; U.S.
Table 20. Preserved fruits and vegetables (SIC 203): Indexes of output, employee hours, ana employees, 1954-77
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
ndex:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963 ....................................
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-77...............................
1973-77 ...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
59.7
62.4
69.8
66.8
65.9
67.1
74.0
75.9
79.3
82.3
86.3
91.5
93.6
100.0
102.4
106.4
106.7
113.1
119.3
130.6
125.8
122.3
127.5
132.7
83.1
84.9
88.1
89.2
88.9
90.4
93.1
92.7
92.4
92.2
93.7
95.9
98.6
100.0
99.9
101.9
98.6
100.4
103.9
104.0
102.3
97.9
96.1
101.8
83.6
85.2
88.2
84.7
87.7
89.5
92.5
92.4
92.2
91.4
92.5
94.8
97.5
100.0
99.8
101.6
97.1
98.3
101.8
101.0
100.7
96.2
94.0
98.5
80.2
83.1
87.9
120.7
97.7
96.8
96.9
94.6
93.8
97.9
101.9
103.7
106.0
100.0
100.8
104.4
109.3
114.9
118.8
125.0
114.0
110.0
111.5
125.2
84.4
88.2
90.0
90.4
90.0
90.1
92.0
92.9
91.5
94.2
94.6
96.6
99.7
100.0
103.0
104.2
101.2
101.8
105.5
105.8
103.7
100.3
100.1
103.6
85.5
89.4
90.8
86.4
89.4
89.6
91.6
92.8
91.3
93.7
93.6
95.6
98.8
100.0
102.6
103.6
99.6
99.9
103.7
103.3
102.6
99.2
98.8
100.7
77.1
80.2
84.6
116.3
94.3
93.4
94.6
93.7
93.4
97.6
101.2
103.3
106.0
100.0
105.7
108.1
111.7
115.4
117.5
123.0
111.9
108.1
109.1
123.4
3.7
.5
.8
-1.0
.7
-1.2
1.4
-.2
.7
-.8
.6
-.9
1.6
-.2
1 Preliminary.
Assessment and Business Policy, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
SOURCE: Output based on data from the National Canners Association; U.S.
Administration, and the Bureau of the Census.
Employment and hours based on
Department of Agriculture; the Bureau of Labor Statistics; the Bureau of Competitive
data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
31
Chart 12. Canned fruits and vegetables (SIC 2033): Output per hour and related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 7
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
—1 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
Source -
Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
32
Table 21. Canned fruits and vegetables (SIC 2033): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-77
(1967 = 100)
Output per h ou r1
Output per employee 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
74.4
73.3
80.2
80.5
83.0
92.3
94.5
95.3
97.1
100.0
99.7
104.0
106.1
109.4
117.3
130.3
128.1
126.0
138.9
136.1
75.3
73.3
79.8
79.9
82.2
93.1
96.1
97.0
98.9
100.0
99.5
103.7
107.3
110.6
119.5
132.3
127.2
125.6
140.0
138.9
67.0
73.3
83.3
85.5
90.5
85:8
82.9
82.6
84.6
100.0
101.2
106.6
97.6
99.5
101.6
115.6
137.3
129.1
130.0
116.3
72.1
72.3
80.2
79.0
83.6
88.0
91.3
92.1
94.4
100.0
95.5
100.5
101.0
106.4
112.6
125.8
124.4
122.3
128.7
130.8
72.4
71.9
79.6
78.2
82.7
88.2
92.4
93.4
95.8
100.0
95.4
100.2
101.8
107.3
114.0
126.9
122.7
121.1
128.1
132.6
69.4
75.9
85.4
86.4
91.0
86.1
83.6
83.0
84.6
100.0
96.6
102.8
95.5
99.2
102.9
117.7
139.8
131.4
133.0
118.0
3.4
1.7
3.4
1.9
3.1
-.4
3.2
1.1
3.2
1.3
3.0
-.4
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 ........ ............................
1965 ....................................
1966 .............................. ......
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ..... ...............................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-77...............................
1973-77...............................
1
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 22. Canned fruits and vegetables (SIC 2033): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-77
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 .....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 .....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ................................... .
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ......................... ...........
1976 ....................................
1977 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-77...............................
1973-77...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
78.1
77.3
83.1
84.1
86.9
90.0
93.3
92.6
95.2
100.0
99.2
101.9
97.2
100.1
101.0
111.3
106.1
102.1
105.7
108.6
105.0
105.5
103.6
104.5
104.7
97.5
98.7
97.2
98.0
100.0
99.5
98.0
91.6
91.5
86.1
85.4
82.8
81.0
76.1
79.8
103.7
105.5
104.1
105.3
105.7
96.7
97.1
95.5
96.3
100.0
99.7
98.3
90.6
90.5
84.5
84.1
83.4
81.3
75.5
78.2
116.6
105.4
99.8
98.4
96.0
104.9
112.6
112.1
112.5
100.0
98.0
95.6
99.6
100.6
99.4
96.3
77.3
79.1
81.3
93.4
108.3
106.9
103.6
106.5
104.0
102.3
102.2
100.5
100.9
100.0
103.9
101.4
96.2
94.1
89.7
88.5
85.3
83.5
82.1
83.0
107.8
107.5
104.4
107.6
105.1
102.0
101.0
99.1
99.4
100.0
104.0
101.7
95.5
93.3
88.6
87.7
86.5
84.3
82.5
81.9
112.5
101.8
97.3
97.3
95.5
104.5
111.6
111.6
112.5
100.0
102.7
99.1
101.8
100.9
98.2
94.6
75.9
77.7
79.5
92.0
1.7
-.5
-1.6
-2.2
-1.7
-2.4
-1.3
-.1
-1.4
-1.7
-1.5
-1.8
-1.3
-.1
1 preliminary.
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
33
Chart 13. Grain mill products (SIC 204): Output per hour and related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 7
(1 9 6 7 = 1 0 0 )
Ratio scale
- i 180
160
140
120
-
100
-
80
-
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
Source -
Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
34
Table 23. Grain mill products (SIC 204): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1963-77
( 1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-77...............................
1973-77...............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
83.4
88.0
90.3
94.2
100.0
105.4
107.2
109.2
114.1
116.9
116.1
124.4
125.5
131.0
143.7
83.3
88.2
90.6
95.0
100.0
104.2
106.5
108.3
113.4
115.9
114.1
124.2
124.7
131.5
145.0
83.5
87.3
89.3
92.0
100.0
108.6
109.3
111.4
116.1
119.2
121.4
124.8
127.6
129.4
140.6
84.5
89.5
91.8
95.4
100.0
103.9
106.5
107.2
111.6
117.6
120.0
123.5
125.4
130.6
141.6
85.0
90.1
92.9
96.9
100.0
104.1
106.9
106.6
110.0
116.5
118.4
122.0
123.6
129.9
141.1
83.5
87.9
89.6
91.9
100,0
103.4
105.3
108.7
115.6
120 3
123.5
126.9
129.8
132 1
142.4
3.5
4.9
3.5
5.5
3.6
3.3
3.4
3.9
3.2
4.2
3.8
3.3
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census; Agricultural Marketing
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; the Rice Millers’ Association; and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the C e r :u ;\ and
the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 24. Grain mill products (SIC 204): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1963-77
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-77...............................
1973-77...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
85.5
88.4
88.8
92.5
100.0
102.2
106.9
108.4
107.7
117.1
118.4
125.8
127.9
133.7
144.1
102.5
100.5
98.3
98.2
100.0
97.0
99.7
99.3
94.4
100.2
102.0
101.1
101.9
102.1
100.3
102.6
100.2
98.0
97.4
100.0
98.1
100.4
100.1
95.0
101.0
103.8
101.3
102.6
101.7
99.4
102.4
101.3
99.4
100.5
100.0
94.1
97.8
97.3
92.8
98.2
97.5
100.8
100.2
103.3
102.5
101.2
98.8
96.7
97.0
100.0
98.4
100.4
101.1
96.5
99.6
98.7
101.9
102.0
102.4
101.8
100.6
98.1
95.6
95.5
100.0
98.2
100.0
101.7
97.9
100.5
100.0
103.1
103.5
102.9
102.1
102.4
100.6
99.1
100.6
100.0
98.8
101.5
99.7
93.2
97.3
95.9
99.1
98.5
101.2
101.2
3.6
4.6
.1
-.2
.1
-.8
(2)
1.3
.2
.7
A
A
-.1
1.3
1 Preliminary.
Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; the Rice Millers’ Association; and
2 Less than .05 percent.
the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census; Agricultural
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
35
Chart 14. Flour and other grain mill products (SIC 2041): Output per hour and related data,
1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1967*100)
Ratio scale
180
160
H 140
120
100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
Source — Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
36
Table 25. Flour and other grain mill products (SIC 2041): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967= 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per ho u r1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
56.9
59.3
62.3
67.7
69.0
66.7
70.0
72.8
74.9
84.2
88.7
91.3
96.9
100.0
105.7
103.3
108.5
110.0
114.3
113.7
119.2
120.8
119.7
136.4
135.3
56.3
59.1
62.1
67.5
70.0
66.7
70.4
72.1
73.4
82.5
87.5
90.7
95.6
100.0
103.9
102.2
108.1
108.7
112.2
110.9
117.3
121.7
122.8
137.7
140.9
59.1
60.0
63.5
68.4
66.3
66.7
68.8
75.4
80.6
90.7
92.8
93.7
101.7
100.0
112.2
107.0
109.6
114.1
121.8
123.3
126.0
118.3
110.8
132.6
120.5
57.5
59.3
62.2
67.4
67.5
67.2
71.6
74.4
77.2
87.3
91.1
92.3
98.0
100.0
105.0
102.2
107.6
109.0
115.8
114.4
116.8
117.6
116.5
134.4
130.3
56.1
58.3
60.8
66.2
67.0
66.4
72.0
73.7
75.8
85.9
90.1
91.7
96.8
100.0
104.2
101.7
107.7
107.3
113.1
110.5
113.0
116.4
117.8
134.2
133.9
61.6
62.1
66.0
71.0
68.8
69.1
70.5
76.3
80.9
91.1
93.6
94.1
101.6
100.0
107.1
103.3
107.2
113.7
123.3
125.7
128.5
120.5
113.5
134.7
121.5
3.8
3.7
3.9
4.9
3.2
-.1
3.6
3.1
3.8
4.3
3.1
-.3
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
I9 6 0 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78 ...............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
®°d the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 26. Flour and other grain mill products (SIC 2041): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955 .....................................
1956 .....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
81.2
83.4
84.9
89.1
92.9
93.4
95.1
96.4
96.7
95.4
97.2
93.4
96.0
100.0
101.4
99.7
99.7
95.7
90.9
94.8
99.2
101.5
99.5
101.6
102.3
142.7
140.7
136.2
131.7
134.7
140.1
135.9
132.4
129.1
113.3
109.6
102.3
99.1
100.0
95.9
96.5
91.9
87.0
79.5
83.4
83.2
84.0
83.1
74.5
75.6
144.3
141.2
136.8
132.0
132.8
140.1
135.0
133.7
131.8
115.7
111.1
103.0
100.4
100.0
97.6
97.6
92.2
88.0
81.0
85.5
84.6
83.4
81.0
73.8
72.6
137.5
139.0
133.7
130.2
140.1
140.1
138.3
127.8
120.0
105.2
104.7
99.7
94.4
100.0
90.4
93.2
91.0
83.9
74.6
76.9
78.7
85.8
89.8
76.6
84.9
141.3
140.6
136.5
132.2
137.6
139.0
132.8
129.6
125.3
109.3
106.7
101.2
98.0
100.0
96.6
97.6
92.7
87.8
78.5
82.9
84.9
86.3
85.4
75.6
78.5
144.8
143.0
139.6
134.6
138.6
140.6
132.0
130.8
127.6
111.0
107.9
101.9
99.2
100.0
97.3
98.0
92.6
89.2
80.4
85.8
87.8
87.2
84.5
75.7
76.4
131.9
134.2
128.6
125.5
135.1
135.2
134.8
126.4
119.5
104.7
103.8
99.3
94.5
100.0
94.7
96.5
93.0
84.2
73.7
75.4
77.2
84.2
87.7
75.4
84.2
.5
1.2
-3.1
-2.4
-3.2
-3.5
-2.6
1.3
-2.9
-1.8
-3.1
-3.0
-2.4
1.5
1 Preliminary.
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
37
Chart 15. Cereal breakfast foods (SIC 2043): Output per hour and related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 7
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
180
160
H 140
120
100
80
-
-
*
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
Source -
Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
38
Table 27. Cereal breakfast foods (SIC 2043): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1963-77
(1967= 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per ho u r1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
91.5
93.5
95.7
97.2
100.0
104.1
102.6
106.4
106.7
112.8
111.0
105.3
107.7
112.8
111.4
91.8
92.9
95.2
96.5
100.0
104.1
102.8
106.0
106.8
112.4
108.9
104.0
105.8
111.5
109.9
90.1
96.6
98.3
100.6
100.0
103.8
101.8
108.3
106.2
114.4
123.5
113.0
118.3
119.8
120.6
91.5
94.6
95.7
98.8
100.0
105.5
105.2
107.2
108.9
113.7
118.0
109.4
114.6
114.9
116.3
91.8
93.9
95.2
98.5
100.0
106.9
106.6
107.7
109.4
113.5
116.3
108.4
113.6
113.2
115.1
89.8
98.6
98.0
100.3
100.0
98.5
99.2
105.5
106.5
114.7
126.7
113.8
119.2
123.6
122.2
1.4
.8
1.3
.9
2.0
.1
1.7
.2
1.6
.2
2.2
.1
Index:
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 ......................... ...........
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-77...............................
1973-77...............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 28. Cereal breakfast foods (SIC 2043): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1963-77
(1967= 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1963 .....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ............................ ........
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-77...............................
1973-77 ..............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
85.5
89.2
93.3
95.5
100.0
98.5
99.2
105.5
111.6
120.2
126.7
124.6
130.5
141.3
157.2
93.4
95.4
97.5
98.3
100.0
94.6
96.7
99.2
104.6
106.6
114.1
118.3
121.2
125.3
141.1
93.1
96.0
98.0
99.0
100.0
94.6
96.5
99.5
104.5
106.9
116.3
119.8
123.3
126.7
143.1
94.9
92.3
94.9
94.9
100.0
94.9
97.4
97.4
105.1
105.1
102.6
110.3
110.3
117.9
130.3
93.4
94.3
97.5
96.7
100.0
93.4
94.3
98.4
102.5
105.7
107.4
113.9
113.9
123.0
135.2
93.1
95.0
98.0
97.0
100.0
92.1
93.1
98.0
102.0
105.9
108.9
114.9
114.9
124.8
136.6
95.2
90.5
95.2
95.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
104.8
104.8
100.0
109.5
109.5
114.3
128.6
4.0
5.7
2.6
4.9
2.7
4.8
1.9
5.6
2.2
5.5
2.3
5.5
1.8
5.6
1 Preliminary.
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
39
Chart 16. Rice milling (SIC 2044): Output per hour and related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 7
(1967=100)
Output per employee hour
its O SCO
■
■
■
180
160
140
■ 120
■ 100
Output
■
80
■
60
i 180
■
■
160
140
■ 120
■ 100
Employee hours
■
80
■
60
i 180
■
160
140
•
120
■
■ 100
I
I
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source -
Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Lai
40
•
80
■
60
Table 29. Rice milling (SIC 2044): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1963-77
(1967=100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-77...............................
1973-77 ........ .-.....................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
75.3
85.9
90.3
97.3
100.0
108.2
104.7
100.8
102.2
115.3
100.3
115.2
111.7
109.7
123.8
75.9
85.6
89.5
98.2
100.0
107.6
103.9
105.6
104.0
117.4
102.5
113.3
108.7
106.2
115.4
73.1
86.8
93.3
94.1
100.0
110.5
108.1
86.1
96.1
107.7
92.6
123.0
124.8
125.3
170.7
75.2
86.8
93.3
98.8
100.0
104.6
102.4
99.7
100.6
113.1
99.7
105.1
106.6
100.2
117.8
77.0
86.8
93.3
100.3
100.0
104.6
102.4
106.3
104.0
114.8
102.2
100.6
102.1
94.4
107.8
70.0
86.8
93.3
94.1
100.0
104.6
102.4
83.1
91.0
107.7
92.6
122.3
124.1
124.6
168.4
2.5
3.8
2.2
1.7
3.7
13.2
1.8
2.9
1.3
.4
3.8
12.9
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census; Agricultural M e., meting
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; the Rice Millers’ Association; and the B u au Df
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the C e r . c a id
the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 30. Rice milling (SIC 2044): Indexes ot output, employee hours, and employees, 1963-77
(1967=100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-77...............................
1973-77...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
77.0
86.8
93.3
94.1
100.0
104.6
102.4
99.7
91.0
107.7
92.6
110.1
111.7
112.1
134.7
102.2
101.1
103.3
96.7
100.0
96.7
97.8
98.9
89.0
93.4
92.3
95.6
100.0
102.2
108.8
101.4
101.4
104.2
95.8
100.0
97.2
98.6
94.4
87.5
91.7
90.3
97.2
102.8
105.6
116.7
105.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
94.7
94.7
115.8
94.7
100:0
100.0
89.5
89.5
89.5
78.9
102.4
100.0
100.0
95.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
90.5
95.2
92.9
104.8
104.8
111.9
114.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
93.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
93.8
87.5
93.8
90.6
109.4
109.4
118.8
125.0
110.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
120.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
90.0
90.0
90.0
80.0
2.4
8.0
(2)
4.0
.2
6.1
-1.3
-4.6
.6
4.9
1.1
7.5
-1.4
-4.4
Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; the Rice Millers’ Association; and
the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census; Agricultural
Employees
41
Chart 17. Blended and prepared flour (SIC 2045): Output per hour and related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 7
Ra tio s c a le
180
160
140
120
100
30
- 1 60
180
160
140
-
120
-
100
80
- 1 60
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source -
Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
42
Table 31. Blended and prepared flour (SIC 2045): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1963-77
( 1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproducfion workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
81.3
89.2
91.3
93.9
100.0
100.1
102.5
106.9
112.1
103.6
103.5
116.4
104.6
108.0
97.7
83.5
99.8
96.0
98.7
100.0
98.8
102.1
108.4
111.4
104.0
101.1
115.8
105.0
114.0
103.9
75.0
67.4
79.7
81.9
100.0
104.4
103.8
102.5
114.3
102.2
111.7
118.7
103.2
93.0
82.7
82.4
89.8
92.0
93.3
100.0
100.1
103.8
103.9
110.4
107.5
111.9
117.2
107.1
112.6
99.4
85.3
102.1
97.1
98.0
100.0
100.6
104.7
105.5
108.4
109.3
110.7
115.5
107.3
120.9
106.2
75.3
67.4
80.3
82.5
100.0
98.8
101.5
99.7
115.9
102.9
115.0
121.9
106.5
94.7
84.4
1.5
-1.9
1.3
.4
2.1
-8.1
1.8
-2.7
1.5
-.4
2.3
-8.3
Index:
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-77...............................
1973-77...............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 32. Blended and prepared flour (SIC 2045): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1963-77
(1967 = 100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1963 .....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-77...............................
1973-77...............................
Output
Employees
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
79.1
91.0
88.3
90.8
100.0
98.8
106.6
99.7
92.7
113.2
120.8
121.9
117.1
123.1
114.0
97.3
102.0
96.7
96.7
100.0
98.7
104.0
93.3
82.7
109.3
116.7
104.7
112.0
114.0
116.7
94.7
91.2
92.0
92.0
100.0
100.0
104.4
92.0
83.2
108.8
119.5
105.3
111.5
108.0
109.7
105.4
135.1
110.8
110.8
100.0
94.6
102.7
97.3
81.1
110.8
108.1
102.7
113.5
132.4
137.8
96.0
101.3
96.0
97.3
100.0
98.7
102.7
96.0
84.0
105.3
108.0
104.0
109.3
109.3
114.7
92.7
89.1
90.9
92.7
100.0
98.2
101.8
94.5
85.5
103.6
109.1
105.5
109.1
101.8
107.3
105.0
135.0
110.0
110.0
100.0
100.0
105.0
100.0
80.0
110.0
105.0
100.0
110.0
130.0
135.0
2.8
-1.1
1.2
.9
1.4
-1.4
.7
7.7
1.0
1.7
1.2
-.7
.4
8.0
1 Preliminary.
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
43
Chart 18. Wet corn milling (SIC 2046): Output per hour and related data, 1967—77
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
220
200
-
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
Source -
Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
44
Table 33. Wet corn milling (SIC 2046): Indexes of output per employee hour ana output per employee, 1963-77
(1967=100)
Output per employee 1
Output per ho u r1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
87.0
93.0
92.1
93.5
100.0
107.7
114.0
106.2
106.9
138.9
123.3
150.6
152.7
168.7
198.4
81.2
87.7
87.8
90.8
100.0
105.5
111.5
105.3
108.2
139.9
122.8
151.6
147.2
162.7
195.5
106.1
109.8
105.3
101.5
100.0
113.5
121.1
108.6
103.8
136.7
124.6
148.4
168.1
185.8
206.1
89.3
95.9
96.4
95.2
100.0
105.0
115.4
107.8
104.1
137.3
123.9
150.8
154.9
169.6
195.0
83.6
90.6
92.9
93.0
100.0
104.0
115.1
108.7
104.6
137.5
122.8
151.0
148.5
162.1
190.1
105.7
111.0
105.4
101.0
100.0
107.5
115.8
105.6
103.2
137.0
126.3
150.1
171.5
189.5
207.2
5.4
11.2
5.7
10.5
4.6
13.1
5.2
10.8
5.4
9.9
4.8
13.0
Index:
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-77...............................
1973-77...............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 34. Wet corn milling (SIC 2046): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1963-77
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1963 .....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 .....................................
1967 .....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-77...............................
1973-77...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
83.6
85.1
88.2
93.9
100.0
105.0
110.4
103.2
96.0
117.8
102.8
118.7
119.7
132.3
149.4
96.1
91.5
95.8
100.4
100.0
97.5
96.8
97.2
89.8
84.8
83.4
78.8
78.4
78.4
75.3
103.0
97.0
100.5
103.4
100.0
99.5
99.0
98.0
88.7
84.2
83.7
78.3
81.3
81.3
76.4
78.8
77.5
83.8
92.5
100.0
92.5
91.2
95.0
92.5
86.2
82.5
80.0
71.2
71.2
72.5
93.6
88.7
91.5
98.6
100.0
100.0
95.7
95.7
92.2
85.8
83.0
78.7
77.3
78.0
76.6
100.0
93.9
94.9
101.0
100.0
101.0
95.9
94.9
91.8
85.7
83.7
78.6
80.6
81.6
78.6
79.1
76.7
83.7
93.0
100.0
97.7
95.3
97.7
93.0
86.0
81.4
79.1
69.8
69.8
72.1
3.4
8.9
-1.9
-2.1
-2.2
-1.4
-1.1
-3.7
-1.7
-1.7
-1.9
-.9
-1.3
-3.6
1 Preliminary.
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
45
Chart 19. Prepared feeds for animals and fowls (SIC 2047, 2048): Output per hour and related
data, 1967—77
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
180
160
140
-
120
-
100
80
- 1 60
180
160
H 140
120
100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
Source - Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
46
Table 35. Prepared feeds for animals and fowls (SIC 2047, 2048): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1963-77
(1967 = 100)
Output
per hour
1
Output per employee 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
81.7
85.3
88.2
92.4
100.0
105.2
108.8
111.5
119.9
115.9
118.5
127.1
129.5
136.9
154.3
83.4
86.6
90.3
95.1
100.0
104.0
108.2
109.0
118.2
113.9
116.1
127.8
129.5
137.6
159.0
78.2
82.6
83.9
87.1
100.0
107.8
110.2
117.1
123.8
120.6
124.1
125.7
129.4
135.1
145.1
81.8
86.3
89.6
93.7
100.0
103.2
106.7
108.0
115.9
117.0
123.3
125.9
129.0
137.1
150.0
83.8
88.1
92.8
97.6
100.0
103.4
106.8
104.8
112.3
114.5
121.8
125.0
127.5
136.6
151.7
78.3
83.3
84.3
87.1
100.0
102.8
106.3
114.4
123.4
122.1
126.2
127.8
131.9
138.1
147.2
4.1
6.2
4.0
7.3
4.3
3.9
4.0
4.9
3.7
5.4
4.5
3.9
Index:
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 .....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975
1976
1977 2
Average annual percent
change:
1963-77 ...............................
1973-77 ...............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 36. Prepared feeds for animals and fowls (SIC 2047, 2048): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 196377
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974
1975
1976
1977 1
..................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-77 ...............................
1973-77 ...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
83.8
85.5
86.1
90.3
100.0
102.8
110.9
115.7
118.1
128.0
130.9
140.1
142.5
149.2
162.2
102.6
100.2
97.6
97.7
100.0
97.7
101.9
103.8
98.5
110.4
110.5
110.2
110.0
109.0
105.1
100.5
98.7
95.4
95.0
100.0
98.8
102.5
106.1
99.9
112.4
112.7
109.6
110.0
108.4
102.0
107.2
103.5
102.6
103.7
100.0
95.4
100.6
98.8
95.4
106.1
105.5
111.5
110.1
110.4
111.8
102.4
99.1
96.1
96.4
100.0
99.6
103.9
107.1
101.9
109.4
106.2
111.3
110.5
108.8
108.1
5.0
5.0
.8
-1.1
.9
-2.1
.6
1.1
.9
.1
All employees
1 Preliminary.
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
47
Production workers
100.0
97.1
92.8
92.5
100.0
99.4
103.8
110.4
105.2 .
111.8
107.5
112.1
111.8
109.2
106.9
1.2
-.4
Nonproduction
workers
107.0
102.7
102.1
103.7
100.0
100.0
104.3
101.1
95.7
104.8
103.7
109.6
108.0
108.0
110.2
.4
1.1
Chart 20. Bakery products (SIC 205): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
11967-100)
Ratio scale
- I
140
130
H 120
110
100
90
80
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
140
130
120
110
100
H
90
80
Source — Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
48
Table 37. Bakery products (SIC 205): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per ho u r1
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961 ....................................
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966 ....................................
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971 ............ .......................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
70.5
71.1
72.5
74.7
77.3
77.2
77.7
79.0
81.1
87.3
90.1
93.5
94.6
100.0
102.0
102.3
105.7
108.1
113.7
113.1
112.9
112.7
112.8
120.4
125.5
70.0
71.0
73.1
77.3
79.0
79.5
79.8
81.0
84.1
89.3
91.8
95.1
95.6
100.0
101.2
101.9
105.1
109.9
116.0
115.1
119.4
119.6
118.5
127.0
132.1
71.1
71.3
71.4
70.7
74.6
73.8
74.3
75.7
76.7
84.0
87.4
90.8
92.7
100.0
103.5
103.0
106.7
105.0
109.9
109.7
103.1
102.3
104.3
110.6
115.6
72.0
72.6
73.3
75.4
78.9
78.8
79.8
80.6
82.7
88.4
93.1
94.3
96.0
100.0
103.3
102.9
106.8
109.8
116.1
115.7
113.2
113.3
114.3
122.2
126.7
70.7
71.7
72.8
76.6
79.9
80.4
82.3
83.4
86.9
91.1
96.6
96.4
98.1
100.0
102.7
101.6
104.6
109.4
115.3
114.4
115.1
115.6
115.5
124.8
128.6
74.1
73.9
74.3
73.5
77.4
76.5
76.3
76.6
77.1
84.6
88.1
91.2
92.9
100.0
104.0
104.9
110.0
110.4
117.3
117.9
110.8
110.0
112.6
118.4
123.7
2.3
2.1
2.7
2.5
1.7
1.4
2.2
2.0
2.4
2.4
1.8
1.3
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 38. Bakery products (SIC 205): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959 ....................................
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969 ....................................
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974 ....................................
1975
1976
1977
1978 1
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
79.7
81.5
84.7
87.0
90.3
90.9
91.8
91.0
92.9
93.7
97.4
99.1
99.7
100.0
100.7
103.1
99.1
98.5
103.1
102.2
100.9
101.5
104.6
102.5
105.8
113.1
114.6
116.8
116.4
116.8
117.7
118.1
115.2
114.5
107.3
108.1
106.0
105.4
100.0
98.7
100.8
93.8
91.1
90.7
90.4
89.4
90.1
92.7
85.1
84.3
113.9
114.8
115.9
112.5
114.3
114.4
115.0
112.3
110.5
104.9
106.1
104.2
104.3
100.0
99.5
101.2
94.3
89.6
88.9
88.8
84.5
84.9
88.3
80.7
80.1
112.1
114.3
118.7
123.0
121.1
123.1
123.5
120.2
121.2
111.5
111.5
109.2
107.5
100.0
97.3
100.1
92.9
93.8
93.8
93.2
97.9
99.2
100.3
92.7
91.5
110.7
112.3
115.5
115.4
114.4
115.3
115.0
112.9
112.3
106.0
104.6
105.1
103.9
100.0
97.5
100.2
92.8
89.7
88.8
88.3
89.1
89.6
91.5
83.9
83.5
112.8
113.7
116.4
113.6
113.0
113.1
111.6
109.1
106.9
102.8
100.8
102.8
101.6
100.0
98.1
101.5
94.7
90.0
89.4
89.3
87.7
87.8
90.6
82.1
82.3
107.5
110.3
114.0
118.4
116.6
118.8
120.3
118.8
120.5
110.8
110.5
108.7
107.3
100.0
96.8
98.3
90.1
89.2
87.9
86.7
91.1
92.3
92.9
86.6
85.5
1.1
.7
-1.2
-1.3
-1.5
-1.7
-.6
-.7
-1.1
-1.2
-1.3
--I.6
-.7
-.6
\
\
1 preliminary.
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
49
Chart 21. Sugar (SIC 2061, 2062, 2063): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
15C
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
Source - Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
50
Table 39. Sugar (SIC 2061, 2062, 2063): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee 1, 1954-78
(1967=100)
Output per employee 2
Output per hou r2
Year
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 .....................................
1957 .....................................
1958 .....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 .....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 .....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 3 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
60.4
62.8
66.2
65.3
67.2
70.8
74.6
79.7
87.7
88.2
92.7
96.5
100.1
100.0
104.3
102.1
111.6
110.1
117.4
114.0
110.0
108.1
111.4
116.9
112.0
60.3
62.5
65.4
64.3
67.3
70.6
74.4
79.6
86.9
87.9
92.5
95.6
100.5
100.0
103.5
101.7
110.3
109.6
119.1
114.2
112.1
111.0
114.0
122.6
119.6
60.7
64.4
70.2
70.5
66.2
72.0
75.8
80.3
91.5
89.4
93.7
101.0
96.7
100.0
108.3
103.9
117.6
112.0
110.8
112.5
102.0
96.5
101.0
104.5
87.1
60.5
62.6
68.4
66.7
69.9
72.1
76.8
81.5
89.6
89.9
95.1
95.6
98.5
100.0
104.9
100.5
109.8
114.3
120.2
118.0
113.3
106.6
114.4
120.0
112.3
60.0
61.8
67.4
65.5
70.3
71.5
76.7
81.5
89.0
89.8
95.3
94.2
100.1
100.0
104.2
100.0
108.7
114.2
120.6
117.5
114.5
107.7
116.2
123.0
118.8
63.3
66.7
73.0
73.2
68.7
74.7
77.7
81.3
91.9
89.9
94.5
101.6
96.8
100.0
108.3
102.8
115.0
115.1
118.8
120.2
108.5
102.5
107.1
109.0
90.9
3.4
.4
3.6
1.5
2.3
-3.3
3.3
(4)
3.5
1.0
2.3
-3.8
4 Less than .05 percent.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Agricultural Marketing Service and Statistical
Reporting Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Bureau of the Census.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
1 Series revised from 1947-66 to reflect the summation of the component industries.
2 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
3 Preliminary.
Table 40. Sugar (SIC 2061, 2062, 2063): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees1, 1954-78
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955 .....................................
1956 .....................................
1957 .....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
I9 6 0 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962
..............................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970
..............................
1971 ...................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
..............................
1976
1977 ...................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78 ..............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
68.0
67.7
71.0
70.3
74.4
78.1
80.3
84.9
88.8
93.1
100.5
97.4
98.2
100.0
104.6
102.8
109.1
109.2
114.8
110.0
108.5
106.0
116.2
114.6
101.7
112.6
107.8
107.3
107.7
110.7
110.3
107.6
106.5
101.3
105.6
108.4
100.9
98.1
100.0
100.3
100.7
97.8
99.2
97.8
96.5
98.6
98.1
104.3
98.0
90.8
112.8
108.4
108.5
109.3
110.5
110.7
108.0
106.7
102.2
105.9
108.7
101.9
97.7
100.0
101.1
101.1
98.9
99.6
96.4
96.3
96.8
95.5
101.9
93.5
85.0
112.0
105.2
101.1
99.7
112.4
108.4
106.0
105.7
97.1
104.1
107.3
96.4
101.5
100.0
96.6
98.9
92.8
97.5
103.6
97.8
106.4
109.9
115.0
109.7
116.7
112.4
108.1
103.8
105.4
106.4
108.3
104.5
104.2
99.1
103.6
105.7
101.9
99.7
100.0
99.7
102.3
99.4
95.5
95.5
93.2
95.8
99.4
101.6
95.5
90.6
113.4
109.5
105.3
107.4
105.9
109.2
104.7
104.2
99.8
103.7
105.5
103.4
98.1
100.0
100.4
102.8
100.4
95.6
95.2
93.6
94.8
98.4
100.0
93.2
85.6
107.4
101.5
97.2
96.0
108.3
104.6
103.3
104.4
96.6
103.6
106.4
95.9
101.4
100.0
96.6
100.0
94.9
94.9
96.6
91.5
100.0
103.4
108.5
105.1
111.9
2.4
-.4
-1.0
-.7
-1.2
-1.9
.1
3.0
-.9
-.4
-1.1
-1.4
.1
3.5
1 Series revised from 1947-66 to reflect the summation of the component industries.
Reporting Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Bureau of the Census. Empreliminary.
ployment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Agricultural Marketing Service and Statistical
Labor Statistics.
2
51
Chart 22. Raw and refined cane sugar (SIC 2061, 2062): Output per hour and related data,
1967—77
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
H
90
80
- 1 70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
- 1 70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
H
90
80
70
Source -
Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
52
Table 41. Raw and refined cane sugar (SIC 2061, 2062): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-77
(1967= 100)
Output per employee ’
Output per h o u r1
Year
Index:
1958 .....................................
1959 .....................................
I9 6 0 .....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 .....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 ..................................
1965 .....................................
1966 .....................................
1967 ...................................
1968 .....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ...................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 2 ..................................
Average annual percent
change:
195 8-7 7................................
1973-77 ................................
Ail employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
63.8
68.3
70.3
79.2
87.5
85.8
85.7
94.7
99.9
100.0
101.5
98.0
105.9
101.8
107.3
105.6
103.7
97.8
102.0
113.7
63.1
66.7
69.0
78.1
85.5
84.8
85.3
93.0
98.4
100.0
101.1
100.3
108.1
104.0
111.8
108.4
108.6
104.2
106.9
120.1
67.0
74,9
75.7
84.2
95.3
89.8
86.6
101.2
105.8
100.0
103.2
90.0
98.0
94.3
93.4
96.6
88.9
80.2
87.3
95.2
62.3
65.4
68.0
77.1
85.6
84.5
84.0
91.7
97.2
100.0
101.9
94.9
103.8
103.8
110.3
108.1
107.0
96.5
102.4
111.3
61.9
63.8
67.1
76.7
85.0
85.0
85.1
91.1
97.2
100.0
101.4
96.8
106.6
106.0
113.9
109.7
111.5
100.4
105.8
115.5
63.8
71.4
71.3
78.3
88.1
82.8
80.3
93.4
97.2
100.0
103.2
89.0
95.8
96.8
100.2
103.1
94.6
85.3
92.5
99.4
2.4
1.3
2.9
1.9
.9
-.5
2.7
.1
3.0
.5
1.7
-1 .0
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Agricultural Marketing Service and Statisti
cal Reporting Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Bureau of the Census.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
1 The outDut measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 42. Raw and refined cane sugar (SIC 2061, 2062): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-77
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-77...............................
1973-77...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
72.4
77.3
77.2
84.0
87.0
90.2
89.0
90.8
95.2
100.0
98.7
91.0
95.8
96.8
102.4
98.6
98.8
91.0
96.6
103.8
113.4
113.2
109.8
106.0
99.4
105.1
103.9
95.9
95.3
100.0
97.2
92.9
90.5
95.1
95.4
93.4
95.3
93.0
94.7
91.3
114.8
115.9
111.9
107.6
101.8
106.4
104.3
97.6
96.7
100.0
97.6
90.7
88.6
93.1
91.6
91.0
91.0
87.3
90.4
86.4
108.1
103.2
102.0
99.8
91.3
100.5
102.8
89.7
90.0
100.0
95.6
101.1
97.8
102.7
109.6
102.1
111.1
113.4
110.7
109.0
116.2
118.2
113.5
109.0
101.6
106.7
106.0
99.0
97.9
100.0
96.9
95.9
92.3
93.3
92.8
91.2
92.3
94.3
94.3
93.3
117.0
121.2
115.1
109.5
102.4
106.1
104.6
99.7
97.9
100.0
97.3
94.0
89.9
91.3
89.9
89.9
88.6
90.6
91.3
89.9
113.4
108.3
108.2
107.3
98.8
108.9
110.8
97.2
97.9
100.0
95.6
102.2
100.0
100.0
102.2
95.6
104.4
106.7
104.4
104.4
1.4
.8
-1.0
-.5
-1.5
-1.1
.5
1.3
-1.3
.7
-1.5
.3
-.3
1.8
1 preliminary.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Agricultural Marketing Service and Statistical
Labor Statistics.
Reporting Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Bureau of the Census.
53
Chart 23. Beet sugar (SIC 2063): Output per hour and related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 7
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
—
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1973 1979
Source - Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labo*'
54
70
Table 43. Beet sugar (SIC 2063): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-77
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per ho u r1
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ..... ...............................
1970 ................................. .
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-77...............................
1973-77...............................
AH employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
77.4
79.3
87.6
84.0
92.1
97.0
110.3
104.7
104.5
100.0
108.7
108.0
118.5
123.4
134.5
127.2
119.7
124.3
128.6
126.2
76.0
78.0
85.6
82.3
89.9
94.0
107.0
102.2
105.0
100.0
107.9
105.1
115.4
119.4
131.4
124.2
117.6
124.0
128.6
127.3
89.4
90.4
105.6
98.1
111.9
124.2
142.2
127.7
100.7
100.0
115.3
135.3
146.6
163.2
162.9
155.1
137.3
127.0
128.2
119.4
87.3
86.9
97.5
89.9
97.2
100.8
118.3
104.0
101.7
100.0
110.5
109.9
118.6
132.9
137.2
135.0
123.0
125.2
137.3
134.7
87.6
87.1
97.3
89.8
96.4
99.1
116.6
102.4
103.1
100.0
109.8
107.3
115.8
129.1
133.2
131.6
120.3
124.0
137.5
136.2
85.2
86.1
99.5
91.1
103.2
114.6
131.9
117.8
92.5
100.0
115.3
133.7
143.3
167.6
174.6
165.8
146.0
135.0
135.8
124.6
2.7
.5
2.8
1.4
2.1
-5.8
2.4
1.1
2.4
2.0
2.9
-6.2
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on
data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
2 Preliminary.
Table 44. Beet sugar (SIC 2063): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-77
1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977 1 .................................
\verage annual percent
change:
195 8-7 7...............................
1973-77...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
78.4
79.7
86.9
86.5
92.4
99.0
124.1
111.2
104.3
100.0
115.3
124.2
133.1
131.7
137.2
130.3
125.1
135.0
155.2
133.5
101.3
100.5
99.2
103.0
100.3
102.1
112.5
106.2
99.8
100.0
106.1
115.0
112.3
106.7
102.0
102.4
104.5
108.6
120.7
105.8
103.2
102.2
101.5
105.1
102.8
105.3
116.0
108.8
99.3
100.0
106.9
118.2
115.3
110.3
104.4
104.9
106.4
108.9
120.7
104.9
87.7
88.2
82.3
88.2
82.6
79.7
87.3
87.1
103.6
100.0
100.0
91.8
90.8
80.7
84.2
84.0
91.1
106.3
121.1
111.8
89.8
91.7
89.1
96.2
95.1
98.2
104.9
106.9
102.6
100.0
104.3
113.0
112.2
99.1
100.0
96.5
101.7
107.8
113.0
99.1
89.5
91.5
89.3
96.3
95.9
99.9
106.4
108.6
101.2
100.0
105.0
115.8
114.9
102.0
103.0
99.0
104.0
108.9
112.9
98.0
92.0
92.6
87.3
94.9
89.5
86.4
94.1
94.4
112.7
100.0
100.0
92.9
92.9
78.6
78.6
78.6
85.7
100.0
114.3
107.1
3.2
2.7
.5
2.1
.4
1.3
1.1
8.9
.7
1.6
.8
.6
.2
9.5
1 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on
data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
55
Chart 24. Candy and other confectionery products (SIC 2065): Output per hour and related
data, 1967—78
(1967*100)
Ratio scale
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
Source -
Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
56
Table 45. Candy and other confectionery products (SIC 2065): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee*
1954-78
(1967= 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per ho u r1
Year
All employees
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955 .....................................
1956 .....................................
1957 .....................................
1958 .....................................
1959 .....................................
I9 6 0 .....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 .....................................
Ipfifl
...........................
1 9 6 4 .....................................
1965 .....................................
1 9 6 6 .....................................
1pfi7
........................
1968 .....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1 0 7 3 . 7 ft
Production workers
55.9
51.4
48.7
53.4
62.0
62.1
64.3
63.1
61.9
63.8
64.5
70.0
73.2
74.9
78,3
78.1
79.6
6 6 .8
6 8 .6
74.3
75.7
77.8
81.5
80.9
82.5
89.1
90.8
93.7
97.9
8 8 .0
89.7
93.4
97.2
Production workers
All employees
Nonproduction workers
6 6 .0
67.0
82.3
84.4
92.1
93.7
63.4
65.0
66.5
71.3
74.2
77.4
80.8
80.7
82.3
89.0
90.5
94.7
97.2
64.5
67.9
70.6
75.4
76.4
80.5
84.4
84.0
Nonpro^octton *«
58,3
C3.4
50.7
55.6
64.5
84.5
6 6 .0
8 6 .0
£3.8
C7.4
90.5
91.6
95.1
97.8
85.1
92.6
93.7
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
104.6
97.6
104.4
114.6
128.7
137.3
149.0
136.0
126.9
144.7
143.8
105.1
98.4
107.0
119.0
133.1
148.5
158.8
147.2
134.9
150.6
148.6
102.7
93.7
92.2
95.6
109.1
97.6
111.5
96.2
96.1
119.4
1 2 2 .6
104.5
98.3
104.2
118.0
130.5
138.7
144.5
129.3
123.7
143.7
143.8
106.0
100.1
107.4
123.9
135.4
150.3
152.7
137.8
130.3
149.3
148.6
97.3
89.8
89.6
94.6
109.6
98.5
112.9
97.4
97.5
120.3
123.3
3.6
.2
3.7
-.7
3.3
3.9
3.4
.3
3.5
-.5
3.1
3.8
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Competitive Assessm er*
Business Policy, and the bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. E r :
ment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 46. Candy and other confectionery products (SIC 2065): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967= 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Output
All employees
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1967 ....................................
196ft
1959 ....................................
I9 6 0 .....................................
1961 .....................................
1 9 6 2 .....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 .....................................
19A6
1 9 6 6 .....................................
19ft7
..........................
1968 .....................................
19ftQ
1070
...................
1971 .....................................
1 9 7 2 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ................. ...................
1975 .....................................
1 9 7 6 .....................................
1977
, ...........................
1978 1 ..................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78 .............................
1973-78...............................
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
100.9
104.8
114.3
116.4
107.0
127.1
116.2
113.4
111.9
102.7
101.5
99.1
99.9
97.7
98.1
98.1
89.8
106.5
109.3
117.6
117.6
106.5
125.9
114.8
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
103.6
98.2
105.4
111.3
116.7
124.0
129.6
109.1
107.5
99.0
98.6
99.8
98.5
93.5
87.7
83.5
81.6
74.1
79.7
81.4
83.7
1 2 2 .6
124.4
2 .6
-.5
1 0 0 .1
1 0 0 .6
1 0 1 .0
97.1
90.7
90.3
87.0
80.2
84.7
84.7
86.5
-.9
-.7
-
107.8
123.0
133.9
127.2
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
99.3
98.5
98.1
99.6
Nonproduction
workers
1 0 1 .8
94.9
97.4
97.4
98.1
1 0 1 .0
*
99.1
98.0
95.3
95.0
96.4
96.8
93.8
96.6
96.1
98.1
112.4
127.7
139.5
132.3
117.2
118.8
119.5
117.9
118.9
101.5
103.6
98.8
101.5
103.0
105.3
Production workers
97.3
96.7
96.2
93.8
95.1
91.7
91.0
92.6
92.7
92.3
95.4
95.7
97.5
99.5
98.4
99.0
95.2
96.0
94.8
94.2
96.2
96.6
93.7
96.3
97.1
97.4
62.8
65.7
67.9
70.7
72.7
73.8
76.8
77.8
79.7
83.5
87.4
91.0
95.4
All employees
99.0
1 0 1 .0
1 0 2 .1
1 0 1 .2
94.3
89.4
89.4
89.7
84.4
86.9
85.3
86.5
1 .0
- .6
-.7
.2
-4.2
-.8
8 6 .2
82.5
84.9
79.2
82.5
82.1
83.7
- .8
(2)
1 1 2 .8
114.4
116.3
116.4
118.2
1 0 1 .1
102.7
98.3
1 0 1 .8
1 1 2 .0
1 1 0 .2
101.9
100.9
-.4
-4.1
Preliminary.
Business Policy, and the Bureau of the Census. U.S. Department of Commerce.
EmoioyLess than .05 percent
ment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Competitive Assessment and
Statistics.
1
2
57
Chart 25. Malt beverages (SIC 2082): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
— |
220
200
180
H 160
140
-
120
-
100
80
60
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
H
80
60
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
-
80
- 1 60
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
58
Table 47. Malt beverages (SIC 2C82): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per ho u r1
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 .....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ............. :......................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ...................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ...
1976 ...
1977 ...
1978 2
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
49.4
51.4
52.4
54.1
59.9
62.7
65.2
68.3
71.8
78.9
84.6
89.0
93.7
100.0
108.3
115.7
119.6
125.1
139.3
153.2
157.2
175.3
192.9
199.6
216.3
50.5
51.9
53.3
55.4
60.8
62.9
64.9
68.2
71.1
77.9
83.9
88.7
93.9
100.0
105.8
114.0
119.4
128.3
141.6
148.6
151.7
169.4
186.7
189.3
205.2
47.3
50.3
50.5
51.4
57.8
62.0
65.5
68.5
73.1
81.1
86.0
89.3
92.8
100.0
113.9
119.5
119.9
118.8
134.9
163.4
170.1
189.7
207.6
225.6
243.8
51.0
52.8
53.9
55.1
60.3
63.3
65.0
68.0
71.9
79.0
84.9
89.6
94.6
100.0
107.0
114.6
120.2
125.1
142.7
157.6
163.0
178.6
201.3
204.2
216.6
51.9
53.0
54.5
55.9
60.4
62.8
63.8
67.2
71.1
77.7
83.7
89.6
95.3
100.0
106.2
114.1
121.6
128.6
145.9
153.7
158.5
172.1
196.1
193.7
204.1
49.2
52.1
52.4
53.4
60.0
64.3
67.2
69.3
73.5
81.4
86.8
89.6
92.8
100.0
108.8
115.4
117.3
118.4
136.5
166.3
173.3
193.3
212.2
229.0
247.6
5.7
7.5
5.6
7.0
5.8
8.8
5.5
7.0
5.4
6.3
5.6
8.7
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
U.S. Department of the Treasury, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 48. Malt beverages (SIC 2082): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ...... .............................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963 ....................................
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968 ....................................
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973 ....................................
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78 ...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
69.8
71.4
72.0
71.8
72.6
75.3
76.1
77.7
79.6
83.0
88.1
90.9
96.0
100.0
105.4
110.1
115.5
119.6
123.3
129.9
137.1
141.1
144.1
150.7
159.2
141.3
138.8
137.4
132.7
121.3
120.1
116.8
113.7
110.8
105.2
104.1
102.1
102.5
100.0
97.3
95.2
96.6
95.6
88.5
84.8
87.2
80.5
74.7
75.5
73.6
138.3
137.5
135.0
129.5
119.4
119.7
117.2
114.0
111.9
106.6
105.0
102.5
102.2
100.0
99.6
96.6
96.7
93.2
87.1
87.4
90.4
83.3
77.2
79.6
77.6
147.7
142.0
142.7
139.7
125.5
121.4
116.1
113.5
108.9
102.4
102.4
101.8
103.4
100.0
92.5
92.1
96.3
100.7
91.4
79.5
80.6
74.4
69.4
66.8
65.3
136.8
135.3
133.6
130.2
120.3
119.0
117.1
114.3
110.7
105.0
103.8
101.4
101.5
100.0
98.5
96.1
96.1
95.6
86.4
82.4
84.1
79.0
71.6
73.8
73.5
134.6
134.6
132.1
128.4
120.1
120.0
119.3
115.6
112.0
106.8
105.2
101.5
100.7
100.0
99.2
96.5
95.0
93.0
84.5
84.5
86.5
82.0
73.5
77.8
78.0
141.9
137.0
137.3
134.5
121.1
117.1
113.2
112.2
108.3
102.0
101.5
101.4
103.4
100.0
96.9
95.4
98.5
101.0
90.3
78.1
79.1
73.0
67.9
65.8
64.3
3.0
3.8
-2.4
-3.4
-2.3
-3.0
-2.6
-4.5
-2.3
-3.0
-2.2
-2.3
-2.4
-4.5
1 Preliminary.
U.S. Department of the Treasury, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
59
hart 26. Bottled and canned soft drinks (SIC 2086): Output per hour and related data,
9 6 7 -7 8
1967=100)
itio sea
i 200
180
160
•
■
■
140
■
120
■
100
■
80
i 200
180
160
■
■
■
140
■
120
■
100
■
80
i 200
180
160
■
■
■
140
■
120
■
100
■
Source — Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Lai
60
80
Table 49. Bottled and canned soft drinks (SIC 2086): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee1, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 2
Output per hou r2
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
86.6
90.7
87.6
91.2
97.6
100.7
101.0
101.8
102.4
100.0
108.3
104.6
105.2
111.0
113.2
117.3
119.9
129.6
139.7
147.7
155.3
86.1
90.7
88.3
92.5
99.9
101.2
102.7
104.1
101.4
100.0
109.8
109.2
113.0
122.8
124.2
130.3
133.5
146.1
158.0
168.8
178.4
87.0
90.8
87.2
90.4
96.3
100.6
100.0
100.3
103.2
100.0
107.4
101.7
100.3
104.0
106.5
109.5
111.9
120.2
129.2
135.9
142.4
88.6
93.9
89.6
92.2
97.7
101.8
101.7
102.3
103.3
100.0
107.4
104.2
105.8
112.9
116.7
121.0
123.3
133.3
144.0
152.3
160.7
86.3
93.8
90.2
93.3
100.0
103.6
104.4
105.6
103.3
100.0
107.4
105.7
109.4
119.0
120.6
126.0
127.0
138.5
151.5
161.7
172.8
90.1
94.1
89.3
91.5
96.3
100.6
100.0
100.3
103.2
100.0
107.4
103.4
103.6
109.4
114.4
118.2
121.1
130.1
139.8
147.1
154.0
2.5
6.2
3.3
6.9
2.0
5.8
2.6
6.3
2.9
7.1
2.4
5.8
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 3 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
3 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Sales Survey and Statistical Profile of the Soft
Drink Industry, National Soft Drink Association, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment
and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 Series revised to incorporate new information on output by container type and size.
2 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
Table 50. Bottled and canned soft drinks (SIC 2086): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees 1, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ......... ...........................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ................................... .
1971 ....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 .............................. ......
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
68.5
74.3
73.3
75.7
81.7
87.1
90.9
94.4
100.6
100.0
107.8
107.0
107.9
113.6
115.9
121.6
122.3
127.8
144.7
157.5
170.0
79.1
81.9
83.7
83.0
83.7
86.5
90.0
92.7
98.2
100.0
99.5
102.3
102.6
102.3
102.4
103.7
102.0
98.6
103.6
106.6
109.5
79.6
81.9
83.0
81.8
81.8
86.1
88.5
90.7
99.2
100.0
98.2
98.0
95.5
92.5
93.3
93.3
91.6
87.5
91.6
93.3
95.3
78.7
81.8
84.1
83.7
84.8
86.6
90.9
94.1
97.5
100.0
100.4
105.2
107.6
109.2
108.8
111.1
109.3
106.3
112.0
115.9
119.4
77.3
79.1
81.8
82.1
83.6
85.6
89.4
92.3
97.4
100.0
100.4
102.7
102.0
100.6
99.3
100.5
99.2
95.9
100.5
103.4
105.8
79.4
79.2
81.3
81.1
81.7
84.1
87.1
89.4
97.4
100.0
100.4
101.2
98.6
95.5
96.1
96.5
96.3
92.3
95.5
97.4
98.4
76.0
79.0
82.1
82.7
84.8
86.6
90.9
94.1
97.5
100.0
100.4
103.5
104.2
103.8
101.3
102.9
101.0
98.2
103.5
107.1
110.4
4.1
7.6
1.5
1.3
.7
.6
2.0
1.7
1.4
1.2
1.1
.5
1.6
1.7
1 Series revised to incorporate new information on output by container type and
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Sales Survey and Statistical Profile of
ze
the Soft Drink Industry, National Soft Drink Association, and the Bureau of the
2 Preliminary.
Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
61
Chart 27. All tobacco products (SIC 2111, 2121, 2131): Output per hour and related data,
1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
62
Table 51. All tobacco products (SIC 2111, 2121, 2131): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967=100)
Output per employee 1
Output per ho u r1
Year
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 .....................................
1957 .....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 .....................................
I960 .....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 .....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 .......... ..........................
1965 .....................................
1966 ..... ..............................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ................................ .
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
62.6
62.4
66.3
69.4
74.6
78.4
83.7
86.6
89.3
94.1
96.4
100.2
99.9
100.0
103.5
101.9
104.3
109.7
110.0
108.1
111.9
114.2
119.3
122.4
126.7
60.3
60.1
64.1
67.1
72.8
77.0
82.4
85.9
89.1
93.5
94.8
99.5
99.2
100.0
103.4
102.5
104.4
110.5
111.6
110.2
114.7
119.0
124.3
129.3
135.7
89.2
89.2
94.1
96.5
93.9
91.1
96.2
93.0
90.6
99.9
111.3
106.4
106.0
100.0
104.1
96.9
103.6
104.5
98.6
93.5
93.4
86.1
90.0
85.6
82.0
62.0
62.2
65.9
69.1
75.1
79.3
84.3
87.9
90.8
95.7
99.7
99.4
100.3
100.0
100.7
99.9
104.7
108.9
108.2
107.1
107.9
110.9
117.1
117.3
121.9
59.8
60.0
63.6
66.9
73.4
78.1
83.2
87.4
90.8
95.1
98.4
98.7
99.6
100.0
100.6
100.6
105.1
109.7
109.9
109.5
110.7
115.9
122.5
124.1
130.9
89.2
88.9
93.9
96.3
93.6
90.7
96.0
92.8
91.0
100.3
112.3
106.8
106.0
100.0
102.1
94.6
101.2
101.9
95.9
91.3
89.0
82.1
86.2
81.4
77.9
2.9
3.2
3.2
4.2
.4
-2.5
2.9
2.8
3.2
3.8
.2
-2.8
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
U.S. Department of the Treasury; the Bureau of the Census; and Agricultural Marketing
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 52. All tobacco products (SIC 2111, 2121, 2131): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
I9 6 0 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ............................ ........
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78................................
1973-78...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
79.7
80.4
81.0
83.5
88.3
93.5
95.8
95.3
95.5
97.6
106.0
103.2
100.5
100.0
102.1
98.9
102.7
100.4
100.3
103.9
101.3
99.7
103.4
98.9
100.7
127.3
128.9
122.1
120.3
118.3
119.3
114.4
110.0
107.0
103.7
110.0
103.0
100.6
100.0
98.6
97.1
98.5
91.5
91.2
96.1
90.5
87.3
86.7
80.8
79.5
132.1
133.7
126.4
124.5
121.3
121.4
116.3
110.9
107.2
104.4
111.8
103.7
101.3
100.0
98.7
96.5
98.4
90.9
89.9
94.3
88.3
83.8
83.2
76.5
74.2
89.3
90.1
86.1
86.5
94.0
102.6
99.6
102.5
105.4
97.7
95.2
97.0
94.8
100.0
98.1
102.1
99.1
96.1
101.7
111.1
108.5
115.8
114.9
115.5
122.8
128.5
129.2
122.9
120.9
117.5
117.9
113.7
108.4
105.2
102.0
106.3
103.8
100.2
100.0
101.4
99.0
98.1
92.2
92.7
97.0
93.9
89.9
88.3
84.3
82.6
133.2
133.9
127.4
124.9
120.3
119.7
115.2
109.1
105.2
102.6
107.7
104.6
100.9
100.0
101.5
98.3
97.7
91.5
91.3
94.9
91.5
86.0
84.4
79.7
76.9
89.3
90.4
86.3
86.7
94.3
103.1
99.8
102.7
104.9
97.3
94.4
96.6
94.8
100.0
100.0
104.6
101.5
98.5
104.6
113.8
113.8
121.5
120.0
121.5
129.2
1.1
-.5
-1.7
-3.6
-2.0
-4.6
.8
2.0
-1.7
-3.2
-2.0
-4.2
.9
2.4
U.S. Department of the Treasury; the Bureau of the Census; and Agricultural Marketing
Service, U.S. Department of ^Agriculture. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output baseo on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
63
Chart 28. Cigarette, chewing and smoking tobacco (SIC 2111, 2131): Output per hour and
related data, 1967—78
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
Source — Bureau oF Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
64
Table 53. Cigarettes, chewing and smoking tobacco (SIC 2111, 2131): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1954-78
(1967=100)
Output per employee 1
Output per h ou r1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
78.7
77.8
80.1
82.3
83.5
85.4
89.2
91.1
91.5
95.5
94.1
98.4
98.5
100.0
103.5
99.2
100.8
105.6
106.1
104.9
106.5
110.3
114.1
117.5
123.9
76.3
75.3
77.3
79.6
81.3
84.2
88.0
90.4
91.5
95.0
93.5
98.1
98.6
100.0
103.6
100.1
101.0
106.9
107.7
107.4
110.2
115.5
119.4
125.1
135.0
101.7
104.3
109.2
110.0
103.8
96.3
98.4
96.8
90.7
99.1
98.0
99.9
97.5
100.0
102.6
92.7
99.0
96.2
95.1
88.2
84.9
81.8
85.0
80.2
76.1
79.2
79.7
81.8
83.8
85.0
87.2
90.4
92.7
94.0
98.0
96.4
96.9
99.2
100.0
99.1
96.1
100.7
103.9
103.5
103.3
102.8
106.3
111.4
111.5
118.4
76.9
77.2
79.0
81.1
82.9
86.0
89.3
92.2
94.4
97.7
96.0
96.4
99.3
100.0
98.8
96.9
101.2
105.2
105.1
105.9
106.5
111.7
117.1
118.8
129.2
102.6
104.7
110.1
110.8
104.3
96.9
98.9
96.9
91.2
99.5
98.8
100.4
97.6
100.0
101.1
90.8
97.0
94.3
92.8
86.4
81.2
78.2
81.7
76.4
72.6
1.5
3.4
1.8
4.5
-.6
-2.5
1.3
2.8
1.6
4.0
-.8
-2.8
Index:
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
I9 6 0
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
.................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
..................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
...................................
.................................
....................................
....................................
.................................
1972
..............................
1973
..............................
1974 .................................
1975 .................................
1976 ....................................
1977 .................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78 .............................
1973-78 .............................
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
U.S. Department of the Treasury; the Bureau of the Census; and Agricultural Marketing
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 54. Cigarettes, chewing and smoking tobacco (SIC 2111, 2131): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Output
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
1 preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
S O U R C E : Output based on
d a ta
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
73.9
75.8
77.1
80.1
84.9
89.7
92.0
94.0
93.7
96.5
95.6
97.3
98.5
100.0
101.1
98.5
103.2
102.3
106.6
114.0
112.3
114.8
121.7
117.1
122.0
93.9
97.4
96.3
97.3
101.7
105.0
103.1
103.2
102.4
101.0
101.6
98.9
100.0
100.0
97.7
99.3
102.4
96.9
100.5
108.7
105.4
104.1
106.7
99.7
98.5
96.8
100.6
99.7
100.6
104.4
106.5
104.5
104.0
102.4
101.6
102.3
99.2
99.9
100.0
97.6
98.4
102.2
95.7
99.0
106.1
101.9
99.4
101.9
93.6
90.4
72.7
72.7
70.6
72.8
81.8
93.1
93.5
97.1
103.3
97.4
97.6
97.4
101.0
100.0
98.5
106.3
104.2
106.3
112.1
129.2
132.2
140.4
143.1
146.1
160.4
93.3
95.1
94.3
95.6
99.9
102.9
101.8
101.4
99.7
98.5
99.2
100.4
99.3
100.0
102.0
102.5
102.5
98.5
103.0
110.4
109.2
108.0
109.2
105.0
103.0
96.1
98.2
97.6
98.8
102.4
104.3
103.0
101.9
99.3
98.8
99.6
100.9
99.2
100.0
102.3
101.7
102.0
97.2
101.4
107.6
105.4
102.8
103.9
98.6
94.4
72.0
72.4
70.0
72.3
81.4
92.6
93.0
97.0
102.7
97.0
96.8
96.9
100.9
100.0
100.0
108.5
106.4
108.5
114.9
131.9
138.3
146.8
148.9
153.2
168.1
1.8
1.5
.3
-1.8
(2)
-2.9
2.4
4.1
.5
-1.3
.2
-2.4
2.6
4.5
fro m
th e
B u re a u
o f A l c o h o l,
Tobacco, and
U.S. Department of the Treasury; the Bureau of the Census; and Agricultural Marketing
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Employment and hours based on data from the
F ir e a r m s ,
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
65
Chart 29. Cigars (SIC 2121): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
-
180
140
-
100
^
60
- 1 20
-
100
-
60
- 1 20
100
60
- 1 20
Source -
Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
66
Table 55. Cigars (SIC 2121): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-78
( 1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per ho u r1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
45.4
45.8
50.5
54.0
62.6
67.9
75.1
79.5
85.2
91.7
101.3
104.4
103.2
100.0
103.6
108.1
113.3
120.1
120.1
116.8
128.6
126.5
137.1
139.8
140.2
43.8
44.2
48.9
52.3
61.2
66.7
73.7
78.9
84.6
90.5
97.9
102.8
100.8
100.0
103.2
108.0
112.7
118.4
120.7
115.9
126.0
126.7
136.8
138.4
135.6
69.4
67.8
71.8
76.2
77.7
81.0
90.5
85.3
89.8
102.1
145.8
121.1
133.4
100.0
107.7
109.8
118.9
137.7
114.3
125.0
158.9
122.6
140.7
152.5
206.5
44.8
44.8
49.0
52.8
62.4
68.4
75.3
80.4
85.4
91.8
107.0
105.2
103.0
100.0
104.1
109.0
114.4
121.3
120.0
117.1
121.3
124.0
133.7
137.0
135.9
43.3
43.4
47.6
51.2
61.3
67.5
74.1
79.9
85.0
90.9
104.1
103.6
100.6
100.0
104.1
109.3
114.3
120.1
121.3
116.8
118.9
125.0
133.7
136.4
131.9
67.6
65.6
69.8
74.0
75.4
78.5
88.8
84.3
90.3
102.5
147.2
121.6
133.4
100.0
104.1
105.7
114.4
132.5
109.6
120.1
149.4
115.1
133.1
142.7
193.2
5.1
3.6
5.2
3.3
3.4
7.5
5.1
3.5
5.2
3.2
3.3
7.0
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
U.S. Department of the Treasury, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 56. Cigars (SIC 2121): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
I960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969
.........................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
Employees
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
90.8
90.2
89.8
91.8
96.4
102.2
104.3
99.0
99.6
100.2
129.5
116.5
105.0
100.0
104.1
99.8
101.7
95.7
85.3
80.1
74.7
64.0
59.1
55.5
53.7
199.8
197.0
177.8
170.1
154.1
150.5
138.9
124.5
116.9
109.3
127.8
111.6
101.7
100.0
100.5
92.3
89.8
79.7
71.0
68.6
58.1
50.6
43.1
39.7
38.3
207.5
204.1
183.8
175.5
157.5
153.2
141.5
125.4
117.7
110.7
132.3
113.3
104.2
100.0
100.9
92.4
90.2
80.8
70.7
69.1
59.3
50.5
43.2
40.1
39.6
130.8
133.1
125.1
120.5
124.1
126.2
115.2
116.1
110.9
98.1
88.8
96.2
78.7
100.0
96.7
90.9
85.5
69.5
74.6
64.1
47.0
52.2
42.0
36.4
26.0
202.5
201.3
183.1
173.9
154.5
149.4
138.5
123.2
116.6
109.1
121.0
110.7
101.9
100.0
100.0
91.6
88.9
78.9
71.1
68.4
61.6
51.6
44.2
40.5
39.5
209.8
208.0
188.8
179.2
157.2
151.4
140.8
123.9
117.2
110.2
124.4
112.4
104.4
100.0
100.0
91.3
89.0
79.7
70.3
68.6
62.8
51.2
44.2
40.7
40.7
134.3
137.5
128.7
124.1
127.9
130.2
117.5
117.5
110.3
97.8
88.0
95.8
78.7
100.0
100.0
94.4
88.9
72.2
77.8
66.7
50.0
55.6
44.4
38.9
27.8
-.8
-8.1
-5.6
-11.4
-5.7
-11.1
-4.1
-14.5
-5.6
-11.2
-5.7
-10.9
-3.9
-14.2
1 Preliminary.
U.S. Department of the Treasury, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
67
Chart 30. Hosiery (SIC 2251, 2252): Output per hour and related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
220
190
160
130
100
70
40
8
220
190
160
130
100
-
70
40
220
190
160
130
100
H
70
- 1 40
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
68
Table 57. Hosiery (SIC 2251, 2252): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967= 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per ho u r1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
46.8
46.1
47.0
49.2
58.1
57.8
59.3
64.8
67.1
75.8
81.1
80.9
89.1
100.0
93.5
107.9
128.1
120.9
139.2
147.7
168.5
191.6
219.5
208.9
217.9
45.9
45.4
46.3
48.7
57.9
57.2
58.6
64.5
66.9
75.2
80.2
80.1
88.4
100.0
94.1
108.5
129.8
124.6
143.1
152.5
173.7
197.5
223.8
210.7
217.9
57.2
54.0
54.2
54.1
60.2
63.6
66.0
67.5
69.4
82.7
90.0
89.9
95.0
100.0
89.0
102.0
113.6
94.0
109.7
114.1
130.0
148.0
183.2
193.9
217.9
45.8
45.3
46.0
48.1
56.2
57.5
58.7
64.5
66.9
74.7
81.8
81.2
90.4
100.0
94.0
108.5
122.0
115.8
138.0
140.2
158.4
178.0
212.3
205.1
212.2
44.8
44.5
45.3
47.5
55.8
57.0
58.0
64.2
66.5
73.9
81.0
80.4
89.9
100.0
94.3
109.0
123.0
118.7
141.7
143.9
163.0
182.7
217.2
207.5
212.9
57.5
54.2
54.5
54.3
60.4
63.8
66.4
67.5
69.5
82.9
90.7
90.0
94.8
100.0
92.2
103.1
112.5
93.6
109.4
111.0
122.7
140.7
173.9
183.3
206.5
6.3
8.1
6.4
7.4
4.9
14.2
6.2
9.0
6.3
8.5
4.6
13.8
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
I9 6 0 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
SOURCE: Output based on data from the National Association of Hosiery Manufacturers,
Inc., and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau
of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 58. Hosiery (SIC 2251, 2252): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
ndex:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 .....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
58.3
59.1
57.7
57.7
59.8
63.0
62.8
68.8
70.6
73.1
77.7
81.8
90.3
100.0
98.6
119.7
129.3
107.5
116.9
114.8
105.8
110.0
124.0
124.3
130.5
124.7
128.3
122.8
117.3
103.0
109.0
105.9
106.1
105.2
96.4
95.8
101.1
101.4
100.0
105.4
110.9
100.9
88.9
84.0
77.7
62.8
57.4
56.5
59.5
59.9
127.0
130.3
124.6
118.5
103.3
110.1
107.1
106.6
105.5
97.2
96.9
102.1
102.1
100.0
104.8
110.3
99.6
86.3
81.7
75.3
60.9
55.7
55.4
59.0
59.9
102.0
109.4
106.4
106.6
99.4
99.1
95.2
101.9
101.8
88.4
86.3
91.0
95.1
100.0
110.8
117.4
113.8
114.4
106.6
100.6
81.4
74.3
67.7
64.1
59.9
127.4
130.6
125.3
119.9
106.5
109.5
106.9
106.6
105.6
97.9
95.0
100.7
99.9
100.0
104.9
110.3
106.0
92.8
84.7
81.9
66.8
61.8
58.4
60.6
61.5
130.1
132.8
127.4
121.4
107.2
110.6
108.3
107.2
106.1
98.9
95.9
101.7
100.5
100.0
104.6
109.8
105.1
90.6
82.5
79.8
64.9
60.2
57.1
59.9
61.3
101.4
109.1
105.9
106.2
99.0
98.8
94.6
101.9
101.6
88.2
85.7
90.9
95.3
100.0
106.9
116.1
114.9
114.9
106.9
103.4
86.2
78.2
71.3
67.8
63.2
3.3
3.6
-2.7
-4.1
-2.9
-3.5
-1.4
-9.3
-2.6
-5.0
-2.8
-4.5
-1.2
-8.9
1 Preliminary.
Inc., and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau
SOURCE: Output based on data from the National Association of Hosiery Manufacturers,
of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
69
Chart 31. Sawmills and planning mills, general (SIC 2421): Output per hour and related
data, 1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1967=100)
O u tp u t
per
em ployee hour
!
!
!
:io sco
itio sea
i 150
150
140
130
■
■
■
■
12 0
■
■ 120
11 0
■
■ 110
100
■
■ 100
90
-
■
90
80
-
■
80
O u tp u t
140
130
150 r
140
130
i 150
140
130
■
■
■
■
120
■
■ 120
110
■
■ 110
100
■
- 100
90
•
■
90
80
■
■
80
Em ployee hours
150
140
130
■
■
■
150
140
130
120
■ 120
110
■ 110
100
■ 100
90
■
90
80
■
80
ource -
Bureou of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Lai
70
Table 59. Sawmills and planing mills, general (SIC 2421): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-78
(1967=100)
Output per employee 1
Output per h ou r1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
73.1
75.7
75.2
82.0
85.6
89.3
94.9
91.7
92.6
100.0
102.5
101.6
100.9
110.0
120.6
112.9
108.2
112.7
118.2
116.4
117.7
76.5
75.4
75.0
81.6
84.9
90.6
96.7
92.8
93.6
100.0
103.3
102.7
103.4
111.6
122.5
114.9
111.3
115.4
120.9
119.8
120.6
49.7
78.8
77.4
85.4
93.9
77.4
78.6
80.8
83.7
100.0
95.5
91.5
80.3
94.7
102.7
95.9
83.2
90.0
95.2
89.1
93.3
70.9
73.9
75.4
81.1
85.6
89.0
96.4
92.4
93.1
100.0
103.9
102.3
101.8
111.2
124.3
116.3
108.9
113.6
120.6
120.9
121.9
73.6
73.4
75.1
80.7
84.9
90.3
98.3
93.6
94.0
100.0
104.5
103.2
104.0
112.6
126.3
118.4
112.1
116.3
123.5
125.1
125.4
50.8
80.4
78.6
86.0
94.1
77.7
79.1
81.1
83.5
100.0
97.5
93.6
82.8
97.7
106.0
98.2
84.4
91.3
97.0
90.0
94.3
2.5
1.4
2.6
1.5
1.5
.4
2.7
1.7
2.8
2.0
1.5
.1
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ............ .......................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 60. Sawmills and planing mills, general (SIC 2421): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 .................................. .
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
197 3-7 8...............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
96.5
103.3
100.5
96.3
99.5
102.3
106.2
103.2
100.5
100.0
101.2
100.7
98.0
104.5
114.7
111.9
104.7
100.5
113.0
115.6
117.0
132.0
136.5
133.7
117.5
116.2
114.5
111.9
112.6
108.5
100.0
98.7
99.1
97.1
95.0
95.1
99.1
96.8
89.2
95.6
99.3
99.4
126.2
137.0
134.0
118.0
117.2
112.9
109.8
111.2
107.4
100.0
98.0
98.1
94.8
93.6
93.6
97.4
94.1
87.1
93.5
96.5
97.0
194.0
131.1
129.8
112.7
106.0
132.1
135.1
127.8
120.1
100.0
106.0
110.0
122.1
110.4
111.7
116.7
125.8
111.7
118.7
129.8
125.4
136.2
139.7
133.3
118.7
116.2
114.9
110.2
111.7
108.0
100.0
97.4
98.4
96.3
94.0
92.3
96.2
96.1
88.5
93.7
95.6
96.0
131.1
140.8
133.8
119.4
117.2
113.3
108.0
110.2
106.9
100.0
96.8
97.6
94.2
92.8
90.8
94.5
93.4
86.4
91.5
92.4
93.3
189.9
128.5
127.8
112.0
105.7
131.6
134.2
127.2
120.3
100.0
103.8
107.6
118.4
107.0
108.2
113.9
124.1
110.1
116.5
128.5
124.1
.7
1.8
-1.7
.5
-1.8
.4
-.8
1.5
-2.0
.1
-2.1
-.1
-.8
1.7
1 preliminary.
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
71
Chart 32. Veneer and plywood (SIC 2435, 2436): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
Rotio scale
150
140
130
120
110
-
100
-
90
-
80
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Deportment of Labor
72
Table 61. Veneer and plywood (SIC 2435, 2436): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
58.8
65.9
69.4
75.9
82.1
85.3
89.1
91.8
91.5
100.0
105.5
105.0
119.4
125.6
129.3
126.7
127.4
142.2
142.4
144.2
142.0
58.1
64.7
68.4
74.8
80.5
83.6
87.6
90.8
90.7
100.0
105.0
105.1
121.4
127.5
130.3
129.3
131.2
147.9
145.2
146.7
145.3
65.7
82.0
80.5
88.2
102.4
107.6
107.2
103.8
100.3
100.0
110.6
104.6
101.6
110.1
120.1
105.7
98.9
102.4
119.2
122.8
116.5
58.0
67.0
67.6
75.1
82.6
86.2
90.7
94.2
93.1
100.0
107.3
105.1
117.3
125.7
133.3
127.1
124.0
136.5
141.0
143.0
140.5
57.1
65.6
66.4
73.9
80.9
84.4
89.3
93.4
92.5
100.0
107.3
105.3
119.4
127.8
135.0
130.0
127.6
141.7
144.1
145.8
143.8
67.0
83.6
81.7
88.8
102.4
107.6
107.0
103.8
100.3
100.0
107.7
102.8
100.8
108.9
118.6
104.1
97.2
100.6
117.2
120.7
114.5
4.5
2.7
4.7
2.6
1.8
3.7
4.4
2.8
4.7
2.7
1.6
3.7
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
I9 6 0 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 .............................. ......
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ...................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 .................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 62. Veneer and plywood (SIC 2435, 2436): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967=100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
47.6
60.6
59.2
64.4
75.7
78.0
86.9
96.3
101.7
100.0
109.2
107.2
111.0
124.7
135.8
134.3
119.8
115.2
132.4
141.7
146.0
81.0
91.9
85.3
84.9
92.2
91.4
97.5
104.9
111.1
100.0
103.5
102.1
93.0
99.3
105.0
106.0
94.0
81.0
93.0
98.3
102.8
81.9
93.7
86.5
86.1
94.0
93.3
99.2
106.1
112.1
100.0
104.0
102.0
91.4
97.8
104.2
103.9
91.3
77.9
91.2
96.6
100.5
72.4
73.9
73.5
73.0
73.9
72.5
81.1
92.8
101.4
100.0
98.7
102.5
109.3
113.3
113.1
127.0
121.1
112.5
111.1
115.4
125.3
82.1
90.5
87.6
85.8
91.7
90.5
95.8
102.2
109.2
100.0
101.8
102.0
94.6
99.2
101.9
105.7
96.6
84.4
93.9
99.1
103.9
83.3
92.4
89.1
87.2
93.6
92.4
97.3
103.1
110.0
100.0
101.8
101.8
93.0
97.6
100.6
103.3
93.9
81.3
91.9
97.2
101.5
71.0
72.5
72.5
72.5
73.9
72.5
81.2
92.8
101.4
100.0
101.4
104.3
110.1
114.5
114.5
129.0
123.2
114.5
113.0
117.4
127.5
5.0
3.1
.5
.3
.3
.5
3.1
-.6
.6
.3
.3
.4
3.3
-.6
of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
1 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau
Employees
Nonproduction
workers
73
Chart 33. Household furniture (SIC 251): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
Rotio scale
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
- 1 70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 ISTZ 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
74
Table 63. Household furniture (SIC 251): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-77
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
83.6
85.9
85.1
85.8
88.5
92.7
94.6
97.9
99.7
100.0
102.3
103.5
104.2
109.6
119.5
123.3
121.2
123.6
126.4
127.0
128.6
85.7
86.4
85.9
86.6
88.8
93.3
95.3
97.9
99.7
100.0
103.3
104.5
106.4
111.6
121.2
122.5
124.0
127.3
129.3
129.6
131.2
71.5
83.2
79.7
80.5
86.1
89.1
89.8
97.7
99.9
100.0
96.6
97.2
91.6
97.7
108.5
130.3
105.1
103.3
109.1
112.0
114.0
82.6
87.7
85.8
86.0
90.4
94.1
96.6
99.7
101.5
100.0
103.9
104.4
103.8
109.3
117.7
120.6
116.1
115.2
120.0
121.7
124.3
84.5
88.2
86.7
86.9
91.1
94.9
97.6
99.9
101.8
100.0
103.9
104.6
105.1
110.9
119.3
119.5
118.5
117.9
122.4
123.9
126.7
72.3
84.0
80.4
80.8
86.5
89.3
90.6
98.2
100.0
100.0
104.0
103.3
96.4
100.4
108.2
128.8
102.7
100.6
106.8
108.7
110.7
2.4
1.1
2.5
1.4
2.0
-1.2
2.1
1.0
2.1
1.3
1.8
-1.5
Index:
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
.... :............................:..
....................................
....................................
....... -...........................
1976
.........................
1977
........... ..............
1978 2
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
„
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 64. Household furniture (SIC 251): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963 ....................................
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968 ....................................
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973 ....................................
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78.... ...........................
1973-78...............................
1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
69.6
79.5
75.8
73.0
80.3
85.4
91.2
98.4
104.4
100.0
106.8
110.2
105.2
113.2
134.2
141.6
130.1
110.1
124.8
134.8
144.2
83.3
92.5
89.1
85.1
90.7
92.1
96.4
100.5
104.7
100.0
104.4
106.5
101.0
103.3
112.3
114.8
107.3
89.1
98.7
106.1
112.1
81.2
92.0
88.2
84.3
90.4
91.5
95.7
100.5
104.7
100.0
103.4
105.5
98.9
101.4
110.7
115.6
104.9
86.5
96.5
104.0
109.9
97.4
95.5
95.1
90.7
93.3
95.9
101.6
100.7
104.5
100.0
110.6
113.4
114.8
115.9
123.7
108.7
123.8
106.6
114.4
120.4
126.5
84.3
90.7
88.3
84.9
88.8
90.8
94.4
98.7
102.9
100.0
102.8
105.6
101.3
103.6
114.0
117.4
112.1
95.6
104.0
110.8
116.0
82.4
90.1
87.4
84.0
88.1
90.0
93.4
98.5
102.6
100.0
102.8
105.4
100.1
102.1
112.5
118.5
109.8
93.4
102.0
108.8
113.8
96.3
94.6
94.3
90.4
92.8
95.6
100.7
100.2
104.4
100.0
102.7
106.7
109.1
112.8
124.0
109.9
126.7
109.4
116.8
124.0
130.3
3.5
.9
1.1
-.1
1.0
-.5
1.5
2.2
1.4
(2)
1.4
-.4
1.6
2.5
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
75
Chart 34. Wood household furniture (SIC 2511, 2517): Output per hour and related data
1 9 6 7 -7 7
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
170
160
150
140
130
120
-
110
100
90
80
- 1 70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
- 1 70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
Source -
Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Deportment of Labor
76
Table 65. Wood household furniture (SIC 2511, 2517): Indexes of output per employee hour, and output per employee, 1958-77
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hou r1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
81.8
84.4
83.7
84.1
87.0
92.2
94.1
97.4
99.9
100.0
102.6
105.9
103.0
110.3
121.8
127.9
122.8
120.5
124.4
123.5
83.6
84.7
84.2
84.7
87.2
92.4
94.6
97.0
99.6
100.0
103.4
107.1
105.3
112.8
124.3
124.7
126.9
125.7
128.8
126.8
69.0
82.0
80.1
78.4
85.6
91.2
90.4
100.8
101.9
100.0
96.3
96.8
86.3
92.3
104.0
179.0
94.9
87.3
95.3
99.7
80.5
85.8
84.3
83.8
89.3
94.2
97.8
100.2
102.7
100.0
104.8
107.0
102.5
109.0
119.9
125.0
117.1
109.7
116.5
118.3
82.1
86.2
84.8
84.5
89.9
94.5
98.8
100.1
102.8
100.0
104.9
107.6
104.1
111.1
122.4
121.5
120.8
113.6
120.1
121.5
69.7
82.9
80.8
78.5
85.9
91.6
91.1
101.2
101.8
100.0
103.5
102.7
90.8
94.7
103.7
176.9
92.6
85.0
93.1
2.5
-.6
2.7
.5
1.7
-11.0
2.1
-1.2
2.2
-.1
1.5
-11.4
Index:
1958 .....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ................................... .
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ......... ...........................
1970 ......................... ...........
1971 .................................. .
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ........ ............................
1976 ........................ ............
1977 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-77...............................
1973-77........ ......................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
96.6
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
a°d the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 66. Wood household furniture (SIC 2511, 2517): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-77
(1967= 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ........... ........................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-77...............................
1973-77...............................
Output
Ail employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
64.2
74.9
71.2
68.3
77.1
84.4
90.1
97.2
104.7
100.0
105.3
110.2
98.5
109.2
132.4
138.9
129.7
105.2
124.9
129.5
78.5
88.7
85.1
81.2
88.6
91.5
95.7
99.8
104.8
100.0
102.6
104.1
95.6
99.0
108.7
108.6
105.6
87.3
100.4
104.9
76.8
88.4
84.6
80.6
88.4
91.3
95.2
100.2
105.1
100.0
101.8
102.9
93.5
96.8
106.5
111.4
102.2
83.7
97.0
102.1
93.1
91.3
88.9
87.1
90.1
92.5
99.7
96.4
102.7
100.0
109.3
113.8
114.1
118.3
127.3
77.6
136.6
120.5
131.1
129.9
79.8
87.3
84.5
81.5
86.3
89.6
92.1
97.0
101.9
100.0
100.5
103.0
96.1
100.2
110.4
111.1
110.8
95.9
107.2
109.5
78.2
86.9
84.0
80.8
85.8
89.3
91.2
97.1
101.8
100.0
100.4
102.4
94.6
98.3
108.2
114.3
107.4
92.6
104.0
106.6
92.1
90.4
88.1
87.0
89.8
92.1
98.9
96.0
102.8
100.0
101.7
107.3
108.5
115.3
127.7
78.5
140.0
123.7
134.1
134.1
3.7
-1.8
1.2
-1.2
1.0
-2.2
2.0
10.4
1.6
-.6
1.5
-1.7
2.2
10.8
1 Preliminary.
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
77
Chart 35. Upholstered household furniture (SIC 2512): Output per hour and related data
1 9 6 7 -7 7
Ratio scale
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
H
100
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source - Bureau ot Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
78
Table 67. Upholstered household furniture (SIC 2512): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-77
(1967=100)
Output per h ou r1
Output per employee '
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
89.3
92.0
90.4
92.1
93.2
95.0
97.4
99.9
101.9
100.0
100.7
99.7
105.1
105.4
111.8
113.7
114.2
120.8
122.2
124.5
91.6
92.6
91.7
92.0
93.0
95.9
98.2
100.1
102.1
100.0
100.8
100.4
106.0
105.8
112.8
115.3
115.5
122.3
123.5
126.5
77.2
88.7
82.6
93.1
94.6
89.9
92.2
98.4
100.9
100.0
100.5
96.1
99.7
102.6
105.5
104.1
106.1
112.0
114.5
112.5
88.7
94.6
91.7
93.0
96.0
95.6
96.6
100.2
101.4
100.0
101.3
100.4
105.2
107.0
110.4
110.5
108.9
114.1
115.6
117.4
90.6
95.5
93.3
92.9
96.1
96.4
97.2
100.4
101.4
100.0
100.3
100.0
105.2
107.1
111.3
111.6
109.7
114.8
116.1
118.7
78.0
89.7
83.3
93.5
95.5
90.5
93.1
98.9
101.2
100.0
108.2
102.5
105.0
105.6
105.4
103.1
103.5
109.4
111.8
109.1
1.7
2.5
1.7
2.6
1.6
2.3
1.4
1.8
1.3
1.8
1.4
1.9
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ................................. .
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 2 ............................... .
Average annual percent
change:
1958-77...............................
197 3-7 7...............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 68. Upholstered household furniture (SIC 2512): Indexes of output, employee hours and employees, 1958-77
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-77...............................
1973-77...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
72.0
82.8
80.9
78.3
85.4
86.2
93.1
99.9
105.0
100.0
108.2
111.4
117.1
119.9
143.9
148.5
136.6
120.3
129.7
147.3
80.6
90.0
89.5
85.0
91.6
90.7
95.6
100.0
103.0
100.0
107.4
111.7
111.4
113.8
128.7
130.6
119.6
99.6
106.1
118.3
78.6
89.4
88.2
85.1
91.8
89.9
94.8
99.8
102.8
100.0
107.3
111.0
110.5
113.3
127.6
128.8
118.3
98.4
105.0
116.4
93.3
93.3
97.9
84.1
90.3
95.9
101.0
101.5
104.1
100.0
107.7
115.9
117.4
116.9
136.4
142.6
128.7
107.4
113.3
130.9
81.2
87.5
88.2
84.2
89.0
90.2
96.4
99.7
103.6
100.0
106.8
111.0
111.3
112.1
130.3
134.4
125.4
105.4
112.2
125.5
79.5
86.7
86.7
84.3
88.9
89.4
95.8
99.5
103.5
100.0
107.9
111.4
111.3
111.9
129.3
133.1
124.5
104.8
111.7
124.1
92.3
92.3
97.1
83.7
89.4
95.2
100.0
101.0
103.8
100.0
100.0
108.7
111.5
113.5
136.5
144.0
132.0
110.0
116.0
135.0
3.7
-.7
1.9
-3.1
1.9
-3.2
2.1
-2.9
2.3
-2.5
2.3
-2.5
2.2
-2.5
1 Preliminary.
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
79
Chart 36. Metal household furniture (SIC 2514): Output per hour and related data, 1967—77
Ratio sea to
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
- 1 70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source -
Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
80
Table 69. Metal household furniture (SIC 2514): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-77
(1967 = 100)
Output per ho u r1
Output per employee 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
85.0
85.4
82.3
83.7
87.8
94.1
94.6
98.7
96.6
100.0
103.4
104.0
109.1
111.0
119.9
119.9
114.3
119.0
121.7
125.4
87.2
84.2
81.9
83.2
86.9
94.2
94.4
98.8
97.3
100.0
105.6
104.3
111.8
113.5
120.7
120.3
117.2
124.1
124.7
126.5
75.8
92.3
85.0
86.2
93.1
93.5
95.5
98.2
93.2
100.0
93.2
102.5
97.1
99.9
115.9
118.0
101.5
98.4
108.5
120.7
85.5
87.2
83.9
84.4
88.7
94.9
96.2
99.6
98.8
100.0
103.9
102.7
107.2
110.3
116.1
118.4
109.8
113.3
118.1
121.0
87.6
86.1
83.5
84.2
87.8
95.2
96.1
99.8
100.2
100.0
104.7
101.6
108.2
112.1
116.2
118.8
112.4
117.5
120.9
121.9
76.2
93.2
85.8
85.9
93.4
93.2
96.5
98.3
92.7
100.0
99.8
108.7
102.2
102.3
115.6
116.3
98.8
96.0
106.0
116.7
2.3
1.5
2.5
1.6
1.6
1.1
2.0
1.2
2.1
1.3
1.5
.8
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970 ....................................
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975 .....................:..............
1976 ....................................
1977 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-77...............................
1973-77...............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 70. Metal household furniture (SIC 2514): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-77
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967 .....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-77...............................
1973-77...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
83.5
91.4
85.8
80.9
82.7
89.7
96.5
100.2
99.8
100.0
107.5
108.7
112.0
112.1
128.9
140.9
125.4
103.4
116.2
125.7
98.2
107.0
104.2
96.7
94.2
95.3
102.0
101.5
103.3
100.0
104.0
104.5
102.7
101.0
107.5
117.5
109.7
86.9
95.5
100.2
95.8
108.5
104.8
97.2
95.2
95.2
102.2
101.4
102.6
100.0
101.8
104.2
100.2
98.8
106.8
117.1
107.0
83.3
93.2
99.4
110.2
99.0
101.0
93.9
88.8
95.9
101.0
102.0
107.1
100.0
115.3
106.1
115.3
112.2
111.2
119.4
123.5
105.1
107.1
104.1
97.7
104.8
102.3
95.8
93.2
94.5
100.3
100.6
101.0
100.0
103.5
105.8
104.5
101.6
111.0
119.0
114.2
91.3
98.4
103.9
95.3
106.2
102.7
96.1
94.2
94.2
100.4
100.4
99.6
100.0
102.7
107.0
103.5
100.0
110.9
118.6
111.6
88.0
96.1
103.1
109.6
98.1
100.0
94.2
88.5
96.2
100.0
101.9
107.7
100.0
107.7
100.0
109.6
109.6
111.5
121.2
126.9
107.7
109.6
107.7
2.4
-3.0
.1
-4.5
-.1
-4.6
.8
-4.1
.4
-4.1
.3
-4.2
.9
-3.8
1 preliminary.
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
81
Chart 37. Mattresses and bedsprings (SIC 2515): Output per hour and related data, 1967—77
(1967=100)
Ratio seal*
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
Source -
Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
82
Table 71. Mattresses and bedsprings (SIC 2515): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-77
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee
Output per ho u r 1
1
Year
All employees
index:
1958
1959
I960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
.....................................
.....................................
....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
1974
.................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-77...............................
1973-77...............................
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
79.8
80.9
83.0
82.8
86.5
89.7
92.1
95.6
97.3
80.4
81.2
84.7
85.6
89.0
91.4
94.5
96.7
97.3
77.6
79.8
77.3
73.8
78.3
83.7
84.1
91.7
97.4
Production workers
All employees
79.6
82.9
85.0
87.4
89.9
92.9
95.8
98.1
98.3
79.3
82.3
83.3
84.0
87.2
90.8
93.1
96.8
98.1
Nonproduction workers
78.3
80.1
78.1
73.7
78.8
83.9
84.5
92.1
96.9
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
104.2
101.3
105.5
117.7
130.2
138.3
147.8
152.7
157.0
161.8
106.0
102.5
108.0
119.5
132.2
138.8
149.3
153.5
159.7
165.6
98.0
96.9
97.0
107.1
104.2
107.6
118.0
129.4
135.8
143.0
147.2
153.6
157.4
107.5
104.6
109.3
119.0
131.2
136.2
144.0
147.6
156.6
161.8
105.6
103.0
4.0
3.8
4.0
4.3
3.8
3.7
3.8
4.4
1 1 1 .2
123.4
136.7
142.7
149.4
147.8
148.5
4.1
2 .0
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
1 0 1 .6
114.1
122.9
134.5
139.6
145.7
144.0
143.5
3.9
1 .6
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 72. Mattresses and bedsprings (SIC 2515): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-77
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ............................... .
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ..... ...............................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-77...............................
1973-77...............................
Output
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
80.6
1 0 1 .0
1 0 0 .2
8 6 .0
81.5
81.3
106.3
98.2
98.2
8 8 .1
1 0 1 .8
87.6
90.7
98.9
1 0 1 .2
97.7
98.5
103.5
104.0
105.9
96.2
95.0
99.0
95.8
96.0
102.3
104.0
112.5
104.7
107.8
107.8
103.9
103.2
102.9
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 1 0 .2
105.8
109.2
104.0
107.9
99.6
102.5
98.5
105.4
112.5
114.1
110.9
102.9
106.1
102.5
105.7
98.4
102.9
99.2
107.4
89.8
79.9
81.1
104.4
107.4
105.9
107.4
105.9
108.8
92.6
80.9
8 6 .1
97.1
1 1 0 .6
107.6
122.5
130.2
146.3
129.3
117.9
127.0
139.3
1 0 2 .0
8 6 .1
3.1
-.9
-4.8
-
1 .2
104.1
1 0 0 .0
105.8
87.5
77.2
80.9
103.9
107.8
105.5
1 1 0 .2
1 0 1 .6
1 0 1 .2
104.5
97.8
96.8
103.7
95.9
93.0
98.0
94.3
94.7
1 0 1 .0
96.5
97.4
1 0 2 .2
1 0 0 .0
1 1 0 .2
103.8
1 0 0 .6
76.8
79.5
84.1
105.5
107.0
90.6
78.9
85.9
93.6
-.9
-5.2
-.9
-3.1
-.7
-4.7
8 6 .6
107.7
90.4
80.1
82.7
88.5
1 Preliminary.
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Production workers
All employees
83
1 0 0 .8
102.9
107.4
104.4
110.3
1 1 1 .8
104.4
107.4
107.4
104.4
8 8 .2
- .6
- .8
-5.3
-2.7
Chart 38. Paper, paperboard, and pulp mills (SIC 2611, 2621, 2631, 2661): Output per
hour and related data, 1967—78
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
- 1 70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
- 1 70
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
84
Table 73. Paper, paperboard, and pulp m ille (SIC 2811,2821,2631,2661): Indexes of output per em ployee hour and output per
em ployee, 1954-78
(1967= 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour1
Year
AH employees
Index:
1954 ________________
19 55.................................
1 9 5 6 .... ............................
1957 ....... ,........................
1956 ___
1 9 59________________
I9 6 0 ________________
1961
1 9 62
.....................
1963 ............ ....................
1964 ----------------- -— ......
1965 ..... .........................
1966 ........ .........................
1 9 67---------------------------1966 .................................
1969 .... ............................
1970
..... T.................
1971
.......................
197?
.......................
1973 .................................
1Q7a
..................................
1Q75 ...............................
1976 .......... ....................
1977
.................
19792
.....
Average annual percent
change:
1947-79
......
1979-79 , .......................
Production workers
66.4
67.7
73.2
74.7
79.4
82.7
87.7
93.1
97.4
102.9
1 0 0 .0
68.3
72.4
74.8
79.7
82.8
87.6
92.2
96.9
1 01 .6
1 0 0 .0
1 0 1 .2
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
106.4
110.5
114.6
119.9
130.0
135.4
135.2
128.0
140.2
144.0
148.4
105.8
109.7
114.7
121.3
131.2
136.5
137.0
132.8
143.8
148.1
153.9
109.8
114.7
114.3
113.6
124.2
131.1
126.9
109.0
124.5
126.7
126.3
3.9
4.2
2.7
2 .0
6 6 .6
2.1
68.1
-.2
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
1 0 0 .0
107.2
106.5
1 1 1 .2
1 1 0 .8
112.3
118.2
129.6
134.3
132.3
121.4
135.6
138.3
141.0
112.7
119.6
130.8
134.7
133.4
124.5
138.2
141.3
146.9
3.6
1.4
4.0
Nonproduction w c r
75 9
83.6
82.2
77.6
78.3
81.6
80.2
83.3
87.7
92.0
96.3
100 0
104.2
100.0
109.6
112.7
110.9
112.6
125.1
132.4
127.9
109.8
126.0
127.2
126.8
57.1
62.3
65.3
64.1
65.4
71.5
73.5
78.5
81.6
86.7
91.9
96.7
102.5
60.0
65.6
75.1
83.1
81.6
77.0
77.7
81.1
79.8
83.1
87.2
91.6
97.5
99.5
104.2
57.4
61.0
64.3
64.9
66.7
70.9
73.9
79.0
82.0
86.9
91.3
96.4
59.7
63.9
66.7
Production workers
All employees
Nonproduction workers
2.0
-.3
2.0
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Empiovment ar
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 74. Paper, paperboard, and pulp mills (SIC 2611,2621,2631,2661): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954- 76
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Output
All employees
Index:
1954________________
1 9 55.................................
19 56.................................
1 9 57.................................
1958 .................................
19 59.................................
1960.................................
1961 .................................
19 62________________
1 9 63.................................
1 9 64.................................
1 9 6 5 .................................
1 9 6 6 .................................
1967 ________________
1 9 6 8 .................................
1 9 69.................................
1 9 70.................................
1971 .................................
1 9 7 2 ________________
1973 ________________
1 9 7 4 ________________
19 75________________
1 9 76.................................
1977 .................................
1978 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78.............................
1973-78.............................
1 Preliminary.
2
Less than .05 percent.
54.5
61.1
64.8
63.1
63.4
70.6
72.2
74.6
78.4
82.6
87.9
93.1
100.3
91.3
95.6
97.2
94.7
92.8
97.5
96.5
93.5
94.7
94.3
95.3
96.1
98.7
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
101.1
107.6
113.2
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
97.3
95.0
99.6
97.7
94.3
95.6
95.1
96.3
96.6
99.1
72.6
73.5
79.4
81.9
81.6
87.0
90.5
89.6
89.9
90.2
90.2
93.6
96.3
90.8
93.2
95.2
95.1
93.7
96.4
96.6
93.8
94.8
94.2
94.4
95.6
97.5
95.4
98.0
99.2
98.4
96.9
98.8
98.2
94.9
96.1
95.3
95.6
96.3
97.9
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
101.7
103.2
97.7
93.5
93.2
93.8
93.0
81.5
87.6
87.6
85.1
98.0
98.7
98.1
99.8
98.5
97.6
100.4
99.3
100.4
1 01 .8
1 0 0 .0
1 0 1 .0
1 0 2 .2
99.8
95.9
94.4
95.3
96.3
89.1
92.9
93.8
92.9
99.5
94.8
93.5
95.0
95.5
86.9
91.2
91.8
89.2
71.8
73.1
78.8
81.3
81.0
86.5
90.0
89.4
89.4
89.8
89.4
93.1
96.3
100.0
98.2
100.4
101.1
100.7
97.8
96.7
99.6
98.5
100.0
102.0
103.3
.4
-.5
<*)
- 1.1
2.0
1.2
95.0
100.1
1 0 0 .8
113.4
122.3
128.0
127.4
108.2
126.0
129.7
131.0
102.4
97.8
94.6
94.1
94.5
94.2
84.5
89.9
90.1
88.3
4.1
.9
.2
-.2
1.9
- 1 .2
-1.7
1.1
112.1
All employees
1 0 1 .2
102.4
103.7
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census.
Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
85
Chart 39. Folding paperboard boxes (SIC 2651): Output per hour and related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
—1 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
Source - Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
86
Table 75. Folding paperboard boxes (SIC 2651): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1963-78
(1967=100)
Output per employee 1
Output per h ou r1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
93.6
95.7
90.7
91.3
100.0
105.9
103.0
95.5
104.3
113.1
114.1
120.4
119.9
124.4
118.0
113.8
93.0
94.9
90.1
90.7
100.0
104.7
101.7
95.3
104.9
113.1
114.0
121.8
122.8
126.1
119.0
113.8
96.8
99.3
93.4
94.2
100.0
111.5
109.4
96.3
101.7
113.0
114.5
114.8
108.2
117.6
114.1
113.7
93.0
96.1
91.2
91.6
100.0
105.6
101.9
92.7
101.2
110.2
111.0
116.8
117.2
123.2
115.0
112.2
92.1
95.2
90.7
91.0
100.0
104.4
100.6
92.5
101.4
109.3
110.0
117.2
119.6
124.5
115.1
111.7
96.8
100.2
93.6
94.2
100.0
110.9
107.3
93.5
100.4
113.5
114.9
115.2
108.8
118.4
114.6
113.8
2.0
-.1
2.2
-.1
1.4
.1
1.8
.2
1.9
.2
1.4
.1
Index:
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ................................ .
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-78...............................
1973-78...............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Paperboard
Packaging Council, the Bureau of the Census, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 76. Folding paperboard boxes (SIC 2651): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1963-78
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1963 ....................................
1964 ............................ ........
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 .... ................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
96.8
97.1
95.5
100.9
100.0
104.1
110.6
91.6
92.2
101.9
102.0
102.3
91.1
101.5
102.9
106.9
103.4
101.5
105.3
110.5
100.0
98.3
107.4
95.9
88.4
90.1
89.4
85.0
76.0
81.6
87.2
93.9
104.1
102.3
106.0
111.2
100.0
99.4
108.8
96.1
87.9
90.1
89.5
84.0
74.2
80.5
86.5
93.9
100.0
97.8
102.2
107.1
100.0
93.4
101.1
95.1
90.7
90.2
89.1
89.1
84.2
86.3
90.2
94.0
104.1
101.0
104.7
110.1
100.0
98.6
108.5
98.8
91.1
92.5
91.9
87.6
77.7
82.4
89.5
95.3
105.1
102.0
105.3
110.9
100.0
99.7
109.9
99.0
90.9
93.2
92.7
87.3
76.2
81.5
89.4
95.7
100.0
96.9
102.0
107.1
100.0
93.9
103.1
•98.0
91.8
89.8
88.8
88.8
83.7
85.7
89.8
93.9
.3
1.0
-1.7
1.1
-1.9
1.2
-1.1
.9
-1.5
.9
-1.6
.9
-1.1
1.0
Packaging Council, the Bureau of the Census, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Paperboard
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
87
Chart 40. Corrugated and solid fiber boxes (SIC 2653): Output per hour and related data,
1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
- 1 70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
Source -
Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
88
Table 77. Corrugated and solid fiber boxes (SIC 2653): Indexes on output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
76.4
77.6
77.2
81.6
82.7
88.2
90.0
92.8
96.6
100.0
103.6
106.0
111.8
118.5
121.6
130.2
137.7
142.2
148.0
144.2
150.2
76.3
76.2
76.5
80.7
81.4
87.9
89.8
92.7
94.8
100.0
103.1
105.5
112.8
120.8
123.0
130.9
143.2
151.8
154.9
151.4
156.1
76.7
83.1
79.5
84.5
88.0
89.5
90.8
93.7
103.4
100.0
105.8
107.6
108.3
110.8
117.4
127.4
121.7
116.8
128.7
124.0
133.1
75.9
78.6
76.5
82.0
83.8
88.8
92.6
95.9
98.6
100.0
104.2
106.2
107.6
114.6
120.4
128.3
128.5
134.2
141.8
139.1
145.4
75.4
77.2
75.5
81.1
82.5
88.6
93.0
96.5
97.2
100.0
103.8
106.4
108.4
116.3
121.2
128.1
130.6
140.8
145.9
144.6
149.8
77.2
83.6
80.1
84.8
88.4
89.9
91.7
94.2
103.5
100.0
105.5
105.9
105.1
109.8
118.1
129.0
122.6
117.7
130.4
124.5
133.7
3.8
2.6
4.1
3.1
2.7
1.1
3.5
2.7
3.7
3.3
2.7
.9
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ...................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ..................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Fiber Box Association, and the Bureau of the
Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 78. Corrugated and solid fiber boxes (SIC 2653): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employment, 1958-78
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
AH employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
72.4
81.2
81.6
82.5
86.9
86.4
91.6
96.4
101.0
72.1
75.8
79.2
79.6
81.7
85.1
90.7
95.5
94.4
100.0
102.2
107.3
107.1
109.4
114.0
113.8
112.0
105.8
107.6
117.1
117.1
72.9
80.2
82.3
82.1
85.8
85.8
89.0
93.3
99.0
100.0
103.7
108.8
107.8
105.8
111.1
113.0
106.1
92.1
97.7
104.4
107.2
73.3
81.6
83.4
83.0
87.2
86.0
88.6
92.7
100.4
100.0
104.1
108.6
107.0
104.2
110.4
113.2
104.4
87.8
94.9
100.4
104.1
71.6
75.4
78.7
79.4
81.3
84.8
89.9
95.0
94.3
100.0
102.5
109.1
110.4
110.4
113.3
112.4
111.2
105.0
106.2
116.6
116.6
2.4
.8
1.6
-.7
1.4
-1.3
2.4
1.0
55.3
63.0
63.0
67.3
71.9
76.2
82.4
89.5
97.6
100.0
108.1
115.5
116.0
121.2
133.8
145.0
136.3
123.6
138.5
145.2
155.9
104.3
109.0
103.8
102.3
110.0
111.4
99.0
86.9
93.6
100.7
103.8
72.5
82.7
82.3
83.4
88.3
86.7
91.8
96.6
102.9.
100.0
104.9
109.5
102.8
100.3
108.8
110.8
95.2
81.4
89.4
95.9
99.9
5.2
1.9
1.3
-.6
1.0
-1.1
too.o
1 Preliminary.
of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Fiber Box Association, and the Bureau
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
89
Chart 41. Synthetic fibers (SIC 2823, 2824): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
220
190
160
130
100
70
40
220
190
160
130
H loo
70
40
220
190
160
130
100
-
-
/ T
*
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
90
40
Table 79. Synthetic fibers (SIC 2823, 2824): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1957-78
(1967 —100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
68.6
65.9
75.4
72.1
77.5
85.0
84.3
89.8
92.8
93.3
100.0
115.7
116.8
119.5
140.7
162.2
176.8
173.1
187.2
198.4
224.4
230.7
67.4
67.2
73.8
71.9
77.7
83.6
85.0
89.8
91.9
94.7
100.0
112.9
114.5
119.1
137.8
157.0
170.4
170.9
192.0
203.6
225.1
221.2
72.2
62.1
81.0
72.8
76.7
89.9
82.2
89.6
95.0
89.6
100.0
124.9
124.6
121.1
150.0
180.9
200.2
180.6
173.4
183.4
222.7
266.4
68.1
66.0
75.9
71.3
77.0
85.2
85.3
91.7
93.7
93.7
100.0
117.5
118.1
118.9
139.8
163.5
179.0
172.2
182.5
193.3
221.5
231.4
66.4
67.1
73.8
70.4
76.9
83.6
86.1
92.0
93.2
95.2
100.0
114.8
115.9
118.2
136.7
158.6
172.3
168.7
184.6
195.3
220.0
220.5
73.5
63.1
82.2
73.6
77.0
90.4
82.7
90.5
95.4
89.7
100.0
125.9
124.9
120.8
149.7
179.6
201.2
183.3
176.3
187.2
225.9
269.8
6.4
6.4
6.3
6.5
6.5
6.2
6.3
6.2
6.2
6.1
6.5
6.3
Index:
1957 .....................................
1958 .....................................
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967 .....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1957-78 ...............................
1973-78 ...............................
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Textile Economics Bureau, Inc., and the
Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 80. Synthetic fibers (SIC 2823, 2824): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1957-78
(1967 = 100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 .....................................
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971 .....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1957-78...............................
1973-78 ...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
49.7
45.4
54.2
51.0
53.6
64.0
68.4
78.4
89.9
98.2
100.0
127.0
131.9
129.7
149.7
174.9
197.8
196.0
176.3
186.5
205.3
215.0
72.4
68.9
71.9
70.7
69.2
75.3
81.1
87.3
96.9
105.2
100.0
109.8
112.9
108.5
106.4
107.8
111.9
113.2
94.2
94.0
91.5
93.2
73.7
67.6
73.4
70.9
69.0
76.6
80.5
87.3
97.8
103.7
100.0
112.5
115.2
108.9
108.6
111.4
116.1
114.7
91.8
91.6
91.2
97.2
68.8
73.1
66.9
70.1
69.9
71.2
83.2
87.5
94.6
109.6
100.0
101.7
105.9
107.1
99.8
96.7
98.8
108.5
101.7
101.7
92.2
80.7
73.0
68.8
71.4
71.5
69.6
75.1
80.2
85.5
95.9
104.8
100.0
108.1
111.7
109.1
107.1
107.0
110.5
113.8
96.6
96.5
92.7
92.9
74.9
67.7
73.4
72.4
69.7
76.6
79.4
85.2
96.5
103.2
100.0
110.6
113.8
109.7
109.5
110.3
114.8
116.2
95.5
95.5
93.3
97.5
67.6
72.0
65.9
69.3
69.6
70.8
82.7
86.6
94.2
109.5
100.0
100.9
105.6
107.4
100.0
97.4
98.3
106.9
100.0
99.6
90.9
79.7
8.5
1.8
2.0
-4.3
2.0
-4.4
1.9
-4.2
2.1
-4.2
2.1
-4.1
1.9
-4.3
Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of
the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Textile Economics Bureau, Inc., and the
Employees
Nonproduction
workers
91
Chart 42. Pharmaceutical preparations (SIC 2834): Output per hour and related data
1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
- i 220
200
180
160
H 140
120
H ioo
80
- 1 60
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
H
80
60
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
92
Table 81. Pharmaceutical preparations (SIC 2834): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1963-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
82.1
83.9
90.9
94.1
100.0
106.3
113.4
116.2
125.7
134.9
132.1
141.3
145.4
155.4
151.3
156.1
82.5
83.0
90.7
93.4
100.0
107.2
112.2
118.0
134.8
143.5
143.0
152.4
160.5
168.0
164.0
176.3
84.5
86.9
93.1
97.6
100.0
108.8
115.6
120.2
129.1
138.0
133.9
142.2
143.6
155.4
152.1
158.4
84.7
85.8
92.7
96.9
100.0
109.6
114.5
121.9
138.3
146.7
144.8
153.2
158.5
168.0
165.0
178.9
84.1
88.1
93.5
98.5
100.0
107.7
116.9
118.3
119.7
128.9
122.9
131.0
129.2
142.9
139.4
139.6
4.7
3.2
5.6
3.8
4.5
3.3
5.4
3.9
3.5
2.7
Index:
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1963-78...... :.......................
1973-78...............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to
the specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment and
hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
Table 82. Pharmaceutical preparations (SIC 2834): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1963-78
(1967= TOO)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1963 ....................................
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975
1976
1977
1978 1
Average annual percent
change:
1963-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
70.5
76.8
86.3
94.1
100.0
109.1
122.2
131.9
143.8
151.5
158.7
168.2
172.9
189.0
187.9
202.0
85.9
91.5
94.9
100.0
100.0
102.6
107.8
113.5
114.4
112.3
120.1
119.0
118.9
121.6
124.2
129.4
85.5
92.5
95.2
100.7
100.0
101.8
108.9
111.8
106.7
105.6
111.0
110.4
107.7
112.5
114.6
114.6
83.4
88.4
92.7
96.4
100.0
100.3
105.7
109.7
111.4
109.8
118.5
118.3
120.4
121.6
123.5
127.5
83.2
89.5
93.1
97.1
100.0
99.5
106.7
108.2
104.0
103.3
109.6
109.8
109.1
112.5
113.9
112.9
83.8
87.2
92.3
95.5
100.0
101.3
104.5
111.5
120.1
117.5
129.1
128.4
133.8
132.3
134.8
144.7
7.3
4.8
2.5
1.5
1.6
.9
2.7
1.5
1.8
.8
3.6
2.0
1 Preliminary.
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
93
Chart 43. Soaps and detergents (SIC 2841): Output per hour and related data, 1 9 6 7 - 77
(1967=100)
Ratio seal
150
140
130
120
110
-
100
90
80
-
70
-
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
Source -
Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
94
Table 83. Soaps and detergents (SIC 2841): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-77
(1967=100)
Output per hour1
Output per employee 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
77.7
84.4
81.7
82.6
83.9
90.7
90.7
88.1
94.2
100.0
101.1
101.1
105.7
108.6
120.0
127.5
132.7
123.3
127.0
126.2
78.3
85.4
81.5
81.7
81.7
87.5
88.3
87.0
94.0
100.0
102.4
104.1
110.4
114.8
125.1
134.4
139.6
129.0
135.0
135.6
76.3
82.2
82.0
84.2
89.7
98.8
96.5
90.7
94.6
100.0
98.2
95.0
96.3
96.5
110.1
114.2
119.3
112.1
112.0
109.1
77.2
84.2
81.7
83.1
84.1
90.4
90.3
88.1
94.7
100.0
101.0
101.4
105.6
107.2
120.8
129.0
134.0
125.0
129.6
129.1
77.2
84.6
81.3
82.4
81.7
86.9
87.6
86.8
94.9
100.0
102.4
105.1
111.0
113.4
126.9
136.7
140.6
130.5
138.1
139.5
77.3
83.3
82.6
84.7
89.7
98.8
96.5
90.7
94.6
100.0
98.1
94.5
95.8
96.0
109.9
115.4
122.0
114.8
114.6
111.6
2.9
-.6
3.4
-.2
1.9
-1.5
3.0
-.3
3.5
.2
2.0
-1.3
index:
1958 .....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ................................. .
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ........ ...........................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-77...............................
1973-77...............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Table 84. Soaps and detergents (SIC 2841): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-77
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 .....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 .................. .................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ...
1973 ...
1974 ...
1975 ...
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-77...............................
1973-77...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
64.7
71.8
71.9
75.7
78.8
85.2
88.7
88.5
93.8
100.0
106.0
109.9
115.3
111.7
125.9
135.1
137.9
125.0
132.3
135.2
83.3
85.1
88.0
91.7
93.9
93.9
97.8
100.4
99.6
100.0
104.8
108.7
109.1
102.9
104.9
106.0
103.9
101.4
104.2
107.1
82.6
84.1
88.2
92.6
96.5
97.4
100.4
101.7
99.8
100.0
103.5
105.6
104.4
97.3
100.6
100.5
98.8
96.9
98.0
99.7
84.8
87.3
87.7
89.9
87.8
86.2
91.9
97.6
99.2
100.0
107.9
115.7
119.7
115.7
114.3
118.3
115.6
111.5
118.1
123.9
83.8
85.3
88.0
91.1
93.7
94.2
98.2
100.5
99.0
100.0
105.0
108.4
109.2
104.2
104.2
104.7
102.9
100.0
102.1
104.7
83.8
84.9
88.4
91.9
96.5
98.1
101.2
101.9
98.8
100.0
103.5
104.6
103.9
98.5
99.2
98.8
98.1
95.8
95.8
96.9
83.7
86.2
87.0
89.4
87.8
86.2
91.9
97.6
99.2
100.0
108.1
116.3
120.3
116.3
114.6
117.1
113.0
108.9
115.4
121.1
4.1
-.4
1.2
.2
.7
-.2
2.1
1.1
1.1
-.1
.6
-.6
2.1
.9
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau
of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
95
Chart 44. Paints and allied products (SIC 2851): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
- i 160
-
-
-
150
140
130
120
110
-100
-
90
80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
Source -
Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
96
Table 85. Paints and allied products (SIC 2851): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour
Output per employee
1
Year
All employees
Index:
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
.......................
...................................
....................................
....................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
..................................
....................................
........ ............................
...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
1973
...............................
1974
........................
1975 .................................
1976
...............................
1977 ...................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ...............................
1973-78 ..............................
75.1
82.0
8 8 .2
8 6 .0
Production workers
8 8 .2
8 6 .0
100.7
106.2
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
110.4
113.3
109.9
110.9
115.8
1 0 0 .8
1 0 2 .6
2.4
3.4
91.9
96.7
98.8
103.1
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 1 0 .0
1 1 0 .0
1 1 0 .1
112.3
115.8
102.9
112.5
113.8
101.7
114.4
119.5
1 0 1 .2
1 0 0 .8
115.9
117.9
78.4
84.8
91.6
88.3
92.3
94.2
91.0
93.6
100.5
100.5
105.1
89.7
92.6
98.5
99.6
104.4
8 8 .2
Nonproduction workers
73.6
80.0
85.4
84.1
90.1
93.1
99.4
99.9
104.3
75.7
82.2
77.3
83.7
90.7
87.8
91.8
93.8
73.6
80.7
86.4
84.6
Production workers
All employees
Nonproduction workers
1
1 1 2 .1
1 1 0 .8
123.7
129.1
133.2
137.0
137.2
126.5
137.5
138.9
139.8
140.7
114.2
120.2
119.5
126.5
133.6
132.9
2.8
3.9
3.0
4.4
2.4
3.3
106.2
1 1 1 .2
119.3
109.8
123.4
128.1
133.7
137.5
138.0
99.5
112.3
118.3
105.9
124.5
134.3
137.8
139.2
141.3
2.7
4.4
2.9
5.3
1 1 2 .1
1 2 1 .8
1 0 2 .1
1 0 1 .1
1 1 2 .0
120.7
114.9
122.1
121.5
129.2
135.5
134.6
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
Table 86. Paints and allied products (SIC 2851): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ...............................
197 3-7 8...............................
Output
Employees
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
67.3
75.5
78.9
75.9
80.2
86.8
92.8
99.1
106.9
100.0
108.7
114.3
108.8
115.4
123.1
119.1
125.4
120.2
126.5
132.1
138.6
89.6
92.1
89.5
88.3
89.4
93.7
94.2
99.5
102.4
100.0
98.8
100.4
107.0
100.9
103.0
106.2
101.4
93.1
95.0
96.4
101.0
91.5
93.6
91.3
89.7
90.9
94.5
96.0
100.3
103.7
100.0
98.8
101.8
107.9
99.6
104.4
107.5
99.1
87.4
91.1
94.5
98.5
87.1
90.2
87.0
86.4
87.4
92.5
91.7
98.4
100.7
100.0
98.7
98.7
105.7
102.6
101.1
104.3
104.3
100.6
100.0
98.9
104.3
88.9
91.9
89.5
88.3
88.1
92.7
92.3
98.6
101.7
100.0
98.5
100.9
107.9
102.9
103.2
108.5
101.6
93.8
94.6
96.1
100.4
91.4
94.4
92.4
90.2
89.0
93.2
93.4
99.2
102.5
100.0
98.9
102.8
109.4
102.8
104.1
112.5
100.7
89.5
91.8
94.9
98.1
85.8
89.0
86.1
86.0
86.9
92.1
90.9
98.0
100.7
100.0
98.0
98.7
106.0
103.0
102.0
103.7
102.7
98.9
97.9
97.5
103.0
3.3
2.8
.6
-1.1
.3
-1.5
.9
-.5
.6
-1.5
.4
-2.4
.9
-.6
1 Preliminary.
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
97
Chart 45. Petroleum refining (SIC 2911): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
—I 160
150
140
130
120
110
-
100
90
- 1 80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
Source — Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
98
Table 87. Petroleum refining (SIC 2911): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967= 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
44.7
48.9
50.9
51.0
53.6
60.2
62.7
67.5
73.5
79.1
83.4
90.5
97.7
100.0
102.4
105.3
104.8
109.5
120.5
132.4
121.4
123.7
128.3
136.2
132.8
43.1
47.1
49.1
49.9
52.5
59.1
62.1
67.1
73.5
78.5
83.0
89.9
97.1
100.0
103.1
109.1
106.6
112.3
121.9
135.7
121.8
126.9
130.4
139.5
134.0
49.6
54.7
56.9
54.6
56.8
63.6
64.7
68.9
73.9
80.5
84.8
92.1
99.5
100.0
100.6
96.4
100.6
102.8
117.0
124.3
120.4
115.7
123.1
128.4
129.7
44.2
48.5
50.6
50.7
52.5
59.3
62.2
66.8
72.9
77.7
83.1
89.5
97.0
100.0
103.2
109.2
106.3
110.2
121.2
131.4
121.8
123.0
131.3
138.3
136.6
42.1
46.3
48.3
49.2
50.8
57.6
61.2
66.0
72.4
76.5
82.2
88.4
96.0
100.0
103.9
111.7
107.6
112.1
121.5
133.0
121.3
125.2
133.4
141.7
138.5
50.3
55.1
57.4
55.0
57.2
64.1
65.1
69.0
74.3
81.0
85.7
92.7
99.4
100.0
101.7
103.7
103.3
105.8
120.3
127.6
122.9
118.1
126.4
130.5
132.1
5.1
1.1
5.5
1.1
4.1
1.3
5.1
1.8
5.5
2.1
4.1
1.2
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ................ ■...................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78 ...............................
1973-78 ...............................
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Energy Information Administration, U.S.
Department of Energy, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on
data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 88. Petroleum refining (SIC 2911): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955
1956
1957
1958 ....................................
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963 ....................................
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968 ....................................
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973 ....................................
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78 ...............................
1973-78 ...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
63.4
68.6
73.0
73.2
71.9
76.3
78.7
80.6
84.0
86.2
88.7
91.2
95.9
100.0
103.6
105.4
107.3
110.2
114.5
120.6
117.4
115.9
125.1
133.5
136.3
141.9
140.4
143.4
143.4
134.2
126.8
125.5
119.4
114.3
109.0
106.3
100.8
98.2
100.0
101.2
100.1
102.4
100.6
95.0
91.1
96.7
93.7
97.5
98.0
102.6
147.0
145.8
148.8
146.6
136.9
129.2
126.8
120.1
114.3
109.8
106.9
101.4
98.8
100.0
100.5
96.6
100.7
98.1
93.9
88.9
96.4
91.3
95.9
95.7
101.7
127.7
125.3
128.3
134.1
126.6
119.9
121.6
117.0
113.7
107.1
104.6
99.0
96.4
100.0
103.0
109.3
106.7
107.2
97.9
97.0
97.5
100.2
101.6
104.0
105.1
143.6
141.4
144.3
144.3
136.9
128.6
126.5
120.6
115.3
110.9
106.7
101.9
98.9
100.0
100.4
96.5
100.9
100.0
94.5
91.8
96.4
94.2
95.3
96.5
99.8
150.6
148.2
151.1
148.9
141.4
132.4
128.6
122.1
116.1
112.7
107.9
103.2
99.9
100.0
99.7
94.4
99.7
98.3
94.2
90.7
96.8
92.6
93.8
94.2
98.4
126.1
124.6
127.1
133.0
125.7
119.1
120.8
116.8
113.0
106.4
103.5
98.4
96.5
100.0
101.9
101.6
103.9
104.2
95.2
94.5
95.5
98.1
99.0
102.3
103.2
3.4
3.1
-1.7
1.9
-2.0
2.0
-.7
1.8
-1.7
1.2
-2.0
1.0
-.7
1.9
1 Preliminary.
Department of Energy, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Energy Information Administration, U.S.
on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
99
Chart 46. Tires and inner tubes (SIC 3011): Output per hour and related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
- i 200
180
160
140
120
100
- 1 80
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
Source — Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
100
Table 89. Tires and inner tubes (SIC 3011): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 ..... ...............................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78 ...............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
54.5
58.0
57.9
61.0
63.5
70.5
72.2
74.5
82.0
88.2
96.2
98.2
100.3
100.0
106.9
103.3
105.9
114.0
118.2
116.7
116.3
115.7
127.6
129.6
130.5
53.2
54.8
56.3
59.6
62.9
68.2
70.9
74.4
79.8
86.7
94.4
96.7
98.3
100.0
105.7
101.8
107.8
114.6
116.7
117.1
117.3
119.5
134.6
128.9
131.9
59.4
72.7
64.1
66.6
65.6
79.2
76.8
75.1
90.8
93.4
102.6
103.7
107.6
100.0
111.4
108.9
100.0
112.0
123.5
115.6
112.8
104.0
108.1
131.9
125.9
53.9
63.1
58.6
62.2
63.8
72.1
73.4
75.8
86.4
91.0
102.1
104.9
107.2
100.0
114.8
112.0
108.5
117.1
124.5
119.9
120.9
116.8
119.6
135.6
133.9
52.0
60.4
56.7
60.5
62.8
69.7
72.1
75.9
84.9
90.2
101.6
105.0
107.1
100.0
114.5
111.6
109.6
117.5
124.1
119.8
121.5
119.4
121.5
135.0
134.6
81.2
74.4
65.9
68.4
67.4
81.2
78.2
75.6
91.4
93.9
103.5
104.3
107.6
100.0
115.6
113.5
104.9
116.0
126.0
120.0
118.4
109.1
113.8
138.0
131.8
3.7
2.8
4.0
2.9
2.7
2.7
3.7
2.7
4.0
2.6
2.7
2.8
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Rubber Manufacturers Association, and the
Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 90. Tires and inner tubes (SIC 3011): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967= 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
55.2
68.8
63.6
66.6
61.5
73.5
72.8
70.5
80.4
83.7
94.5
100.3
107.6
100.0
121.6
124.2
117.7
132.4
144.4
148.2
152.9
133.7
134.1
167.1
161.4
101.3
118.7
109.8
109.1
96.8
104.3
100.9
94.6
98.0
94.9
98.2
102.1
107.3
100.0
113.7
120.2
111.1
116.1
122.2
127.0
131.5
115.6
105.1
128.9
123.7
103.7
125.6
112.9
111.7
97.7
107.7
102.7
94.8
100.8
96.5
100.1
103.7
109.5
100.0
115.0
122.0
109.2
115.5
123.7
126.6
130.3
111.9
99.6
129.6
122.4
93.0
94.7
99.2
100.0
93.7
92.8
94.8
93.9
88.5
89.6
92.1
96.7
100.0
100.0
109.2
114.1
117.7
118.2
116.9
128.2
135.6
128.5
124.1
126.7
128.2
102.4
109.1
108.6
107.0
96.4
102.0
99.2
93.0
93.1
92.0
92.6
95.6
100.4
100.0
105.9
110.9
108.5
113.1
116.0
123.6
126.5
114.5
112.1
123.2
120.5
4.1
2.0
.4
-.8
.2
-.9
1.4
-.7
.4
-.6
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
106.2
114.0.
112.2
110.0
98.0
105.4
101.0
92.9
94.7
92.8
93.0
95.5
100.5
100.0
106.2
111.3
107.4
112.7
116.4
123.7
125.8
112.0
110.4
123.8
119.9
.2
-.6
1 Preliminary.
Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
SOURCE: Output based on data from the -Rubber Manufacturers Association and the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
101
90.2
92.5
96.5
97.3
91.3
90.5
93.1
93.3
88.0
89.1
91.3
96.2
100.0
100.0
105.2
109.4
112.2
114.1
114.6
123.5
129.1
122.5
117.8
121.1
122.5
1.4
-.8
Chart 47. Footwear (SIC 314): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
130
120
H lio
100
-
90
80
-
70
60
- 1 50
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
- 1 50
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
102
Table 91. Footwear (SIC 314): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
ndex:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Werage annual percent
change:
1947-78 ...............................
1973-78 ...............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
84.3
88.2
89.8
91.5
93.5
98.4
97.2
97.5
98.8
102.3
102.0
101.4
102.6
100.0
103.6
96.7
103.9
105.9
103.1
102.0
100.3
104.8
105.5
104.5
103.6
84.3
88.1
90.0
92.0
94.4
98.6
98.0
98.3
99.0
102.3
101.7
101.2
102.6
100.0
103.6
97.4
105.3
108.0
104.9
104.2
103.4
107.6
108.1
107.1
105.8
83.9
88.1
87.1
85.4
85.6
94.5
89.1
90.2
96.0
101.6
103.7
102,2
101.7
100.0
104.3
90.4
92.3
89.8
88.7
85.2
77.7
83.1
85.9
85.0
86.4
81.4
88.3
88.6
89.3
90.8
97.5
94.9
94.9
97.1
100.9
102.6
101.4
103.1
100.0
104.4
95.5
102.9
104.9
104.4
101.7
98.3
102.0
103.1
101.3
101.0
80.9
87.9
88.5
89,5.
91.2
97.6
95.3
95.3
97.1
100.8
102.4
101.2
103.4
100.0
104.4
96.0
103.8
106.4
106.0
103.4
100.7
104.1
104.9
103.0
102.5
1.1
.6
1.2
.5
.3
1.1
1.1
.2
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
jmployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
Nonproduction workers
85.9
89.7
89.1
87.3
87.4
96.6
90.5
90.7
96.3
101.9
104.5
102.6
101.7
100.0
104.3
91.3
94.4
92.4
91.3
88.1
80.3
86.0
89.1
87.6
89.0
1.2
.1
.3
1.0
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 92. Footwear (SIC 314): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962 ....................................
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967 ....................................
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78 ...............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
88.8
97.7
99.0
99.5
97.7
107.4
102.4
102.8
104.8
101.8
103.8
104.7
107.4
100.0
106.4
95.0
93.5
88.2
87.2
81.9
75.5
70.5
73.1
69.2
69.4
105.4
110.8
110.3
108.8
104.5
109.2
105.4
105.4
106.1
99.5
101.8
103.3
104.7
100.0
102.7
98.2
90.0
83.3
84.6
80.3
75.3
67.3
69.3
66.2
67.0
105.4
110.9
110.0
108.1
103.5
108.9
104.5
104.6
105.9
99.5
102.1
103.5
104.7
100.0
102.7
97.5
88.8
81.7
83.1
78.6
73.0
65.5
67.6
64.6
65.6
105.9
110.9
113.7
116.5
114.2
113.7
114.9
114.0
109.2
100.2
100.1
102.4
105.6
100.0
102.0
105.1
101.3
98.2
98.3
96.1
97.2
84.8
85.1
81.4
80.3
109.1
110.7
111.8
111.4
107.6
110.1
107.9
108.3
107.9
100.9
101.2
103.3
104.2
100.0
101.9
99.5
90.9
84.1
83.5
80.5
76.8
69.1
70.9
68.3
68.7
109.7
111.1
111.9
111.2
107.1
110.0
107.4
107.9
107.9
101.0
101.4
103.5
103.9
100.0
101.9
99.0
90.1
82.9
82.3
79.2
75.0
67.7
69.7
67.2
67.7
103.4
108.9
111.1
114.0
111.8
111.2
113.1
113.4
108.8
99.9
99.3
102.0
105.6
100.0
102.0
104.0
99.0
95.5
95.5
93.0
94.0
82.0
82.C
79.0
78.0
-.4
-3.0
-1.6
-3.5
-1.7
-3.5
-.9
-4.0
-1.6
-3.1
-1.7
-3.1
-.9
-3.9
1 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census.
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor
Employment
Statistics.
103
Chart 48. Glass containers (SIC 3221): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
(1967=100)
P.ati ■> scal e
150
140
130
H 120
110
100
90
80
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
104
Table 93. Glass containers (SIC 3221): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per ho u r1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
78.4
81.6
81.8
81.5
78.7
83.6
81.6
83.2
86.3
89.4
91.8
97.6
97.4
100.0
105.2
108.5
106.1
107.8
107.7
112.9
121.6
120.9
121.2
124.0
128.2
78.5
81.2
81.5
81.4
79.2
83.8
81.8
83.1
86.5
89.3
91.9
97.7
97.4
100.0
106.7
109.5
106.8
109.3
108.9
114.5
122.8
122.5
121.9
125.3
131.6
77.6
84.4
84.3
82.5
74.1
81.8
79.4
82.9
84.0
89.2
90.9
95.9
97.2
100.0
94.2
99.9
100.1
96.1
98.1
100.9
112.2
108.3
114.7
113.1
105.0
77.8
81.9
82.9
81.7
78.7
82.3
81.5
82.3
86.1
89.1
92.4
96.7
97.2
100.0
102.6
106.4
105.3
106.4
107.0
109.8
118.0
114.1
119.1
118.9
125.0
77.6
81.4
82.5
81.5
79.2
82.3
81.7
82.2
86.3
89.0
92.5
96.7
97.1
100.0
103.6
106.7
105.1
107.0
107.6
110.8
118.9
115.1
119.9
119.9
128.4
78.9
85.3
85.4
83.5
75.1
82.7
80.2
83.4
84.6
89.8
92.0
96.6
97.5
100.0
95.7
104.1
107.0
101.2
101.6
102.1
110.4
106.6
113.4
110.9
103.0
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.2
1.2
.8
1.8
2.1
1.8
2.3
1.2
.3
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955 .....................................
1956 .....................................
1957 .....................................
1958 .....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 .....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 .....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 .....................................
1967 .....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
197 3-7 8...............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 94. Glass containers (SIC 3221): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955
................................
1956 .....................................
1957 .....................................
1958 .....................................
1959 .....................................
I9 6 0 .....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 .....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 .....................................
1965
................................
1966
................................
1967 .....................................
1968 .....................................
1969
.................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
...............................
1972
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 ........................ ............
1976 .................................
1977 .....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1 97 3-7 8...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
57.6
62.7
64.3
66.4
64.8
69.4
71.5
74.2
77.5
80.1
83.7
89.2
93.9
100.0
98.3
114.1
117.3
115.1
116.9
120.3
119.5
119.7
127.3
126.1
134.0
73.5
76.8
78.6
81.5
82.3
83.0
87.6
89.2
89.8
89.6
91.2
91.4
96.4
100.0
93.4
105.2
110.6
106.8
108.5
106.6
98.3
99.0
105.0
101.7
104.5
73.4
77.2
78.9
81.6
81.8
82.8
87.4
89.3
89.6
89.7
91.1
91.3
96.4
100.0
92.1
104.2
109.8
105.3
107.3
105.1
97.3
97.7
104.4
100.6
101.8
74.2
74.3
76.3
80.5
87.4
84.8
90.0
89.5
92.3
89.8
92.1
93.0
96.6
100.0
104.3
114.2
117.2
119.8
119.2
119.2
106.5
110.5
111.0
111.5
127.6
74.0
76.6
77.6
81.3
82.3
84.3
87.7
90.2
90.0
89.9
90.6
92.2
96.6
100.0
95.8
107.2
111.4
108.2
109.3
109.6
101.3
104.9
106.9
106.1
107.2
74.2
77.0
77.9
81.5
81.8
84.3
87.5
90.3
89.8
90.0
90.5
92.2
96.7
100.0
94.9
106.9
111.6
107.6
108.6
108.6
100.5
104.0
106.2
105.2
104.4
73.0
73.5
75.3
79.5
86.3
83.9
89.1
89.0
91.6
89.2
91.0
92.3
96.3
100.0
102.7
109.6
109.6
113.7
115.1
117.8
108.2
112.3
112.3
113.7
130.1
3.6
2.2
1.7
.2
1.6
(2)
2.3
1.4
1.8
.1
1.8
-.1
2.4
1.9
1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census.
and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
Employment
105
Chart 49. Hydraulic cement (SIC 3241): Output per hour and related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1967=100)
Ratio bcaie
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
150
140
13G
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
Source — Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
106
Table 95. Hydraulic cement (SIC 3241): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour
Output per employee
1
1
Year
All employees
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955 .....................................
1956 .....................................
1957 .....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ............................ ........
1960 .....................................
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966 .....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ........................... .........
1975 ........................ ............
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78 ...............................
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
86.5
95.2
59.6
62.8
64.9
60.5
64.8
70.1
69.1
76.1
81.2
87.9
93.9
95.1
101.7
60.8
64.2
67.6
65.6
67.8
72.7
71.9
79.6
84.4
89.4
92.4
95.2
99.8
57.0
59.9
62.9
61.6
64.7
68.7
68.7
76.4
81.3
87.3
91.8
94.7
99.6
1 0 1 .2
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
110.9
112.3
110.3
121.5
123.7
129.7
119.0
1 1 0 .1
114.1
114.4
106.3
1 1 2 .8
1 1 2 .2
115.5
112.9
124.7
126.5
132.3
119.8
109.0
119.1
130.7
129.8
114.8
112.7
124.4
125.6
132.1
119.9
120.7
131.8
130.1
115.6
119.0
113.3
125.8
130.6
133.0
119.5
104.0
113.4
126.5
129.2
4.0
1 .8
.8
.3
1 1 1 .6
1 2 2 .0
95.7
97.7
1 2 0 .1
126.9
132.6
121.9
106.4
115.0
130.1
132.6
132.1
130.2
1.9
4.2
1.3
3.9
1 .2
74.2
72.6
79.4
84.4
89.9
94.3
95.7
101.5
1 0 0 .2
1 1 1 .8
120.7
131.6
130.6
6 8 .2
1 0 1 .0
111.3
121.9
122.9
129.2
118.4
1 1 0 .6
63.4
67.2
69.8
64.9
85.6
94.9
100.3
92.4
86.3
98.1
91.6
96.9
92.9
86.7
98.4
91.9
96.8
1 0 1 .2
100.3
96.2
97.8
1 0 0 .8
1 1 0 .2
3.7
.7
.8
1 0 1 .0
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 96. Hydraulic cement (SIC 3241): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
I960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
....................................
....................................
....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
.................................
.....................................
.......................
............................
.....................................
.....................................
..........................
................................
....................................
1974
..........................
1975
.......................
1976 ....................................
1977
...............................
1978 1
.............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78 ...............................
1973-78 .............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
135.7
140.5
141.0
134.3
133.0
136.3
127.7
115.9
113.1
101.3
104.4
127.2
130.9
131.2
126.1
126.8
128.8
121.9
111.3
109.0
107.6
108.4
106.4
104.6
1 0 0 .0
106.6
107.8
104.5
77.4
84.1
88.7
82.7
8 6 .0
93.7
87.7
8 8 .6
92.0
96.2
1 0 0 .2
1 1 0 .1
116.4
120.5
113.9
95.9
102.7
110.7
115.1
2 .1
-.7
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
90.4
1 2 2 .0
8 8 .6
125.1
127.1
127.5
126.1
126.2
89.5
88.3
87.8
89.0
99.2
95.2
95.4
91.5
90.9
95.9
104.2
103.6
103.6
Nonproduction
workers
1 1 1 .6
109.2
107.0
104.8
88.4
89.5
99.6
95.5
95.7
91.4
91.1
96.0
104.7
103.7
103.2
109.0
107.0
106.3
105.9
102.9
129.8
134.0
136.6
136.8
132.7
133.7
126.9
116.5
113.3
109.5
106.7
106.5
102.7
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
96.1
96.0
94.7
90.6
94.1
92.9
95.7
86.7
85.1
84.1
93.4
94.2
98.3
91.7
91.7
90.9
93.4
90.1
89.3
85.1
94.5
93.3
92.6
88.3
92.0
91.1
95.1
8 8 .1
96.8
96.4
93.9
90.3
94.7
93.3
96.2
85.9
84.2
83.8
88.4
84.7
88.7
95.0
93.9
92.7
88.5
92.7
91.2
95.0
87.0
85.1
84.0
88.5
92.2
90.6
92.2
87.5
89.1
90.6
95.3
92.2
90.6
87.5
89.1
- 1 .8
-1.9
- 2 .1
- 2 .0
- 1 .6
-1.4
- 2 .0
-1.5
-
1 1 0 .2
8 6 .8
.1
-1.5
1 2 0 .8
8 8 .0
8 6 .2
.2
1 Preliminary.
the Interior. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
107
1 .0
Chart 50. Structural clay products (SIC 325): Output per hour and related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
-
90
80
-
70
—
60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
—1 60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
108
Table 97. Structural clay products (SIC 325): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-78
(1967—100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
75.7
81.2
83.5
86.5
93.1
89.5
95,7
97.4
99.3
100.0
106.4
107.2
112.8
122.8
127.3
131.7
134.6
132.0
138.3
146.4
151.3
74.2
79.0
81.6
84.2
90.5
87.8
94.8
95.9
97.6
100.0
106.9
108.1
117.7
128.4
128.9
130.9
135.0
136.5
142.8
149.0
155.4
84.2
95.1
95.5
100.5
108.9
99.3
100.9
106.8
108.7
100.0
103.8
102.6
92.8
100.4
119.4
135.8
132.3
113.1
118.9
134.3
133.4
74.1
80.6
81.6
84.4
91.9
89.9
98.7
98.3
100.6
100.0
107.3
108.7
114.3
124.5
128.4
131.7
134.9
129.2
133.6
143.9
149.1
72.2
78.0
79.2
81.7
89.0
88.1
98.1
96.7
99.0
100.0
107.6
109.1
118.1
129.4
129.6
130.6
135.8
133.6
137.5
146.6
153.5
84.8
95.8
96.2
100.5
109.4
99.6
101.6
106.9
108.7
100.0
105.4
106.7
98.9
105.5
123.3
137.5
130.6
111.7
117.2
131.7
130.6
3.4
2.9
3.7
3.5
1.7
(3)
3.4
2.5
3.7
3.1
1.7
-.5
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 .....................................
1961 ............................. .......
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 .............................. .......
1969 ........ ............................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ........................... .........
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 ....... .........................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78.... ..........................
1973-78...............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
3 Less than .05 percent.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 98. Structural clay products (SIC 325): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
I960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 ...................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ..................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ........ ...........................
1974 ....................................
1975 .................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
195 8-7 8...............................
1973-78 ...............................
1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
Output
86.4
101.4
101.8
101.5
107.3
96.7
106.5
108.9
108.7
100.0
106.5
107.8
99.9
103.5
110.2
112.3
116.8
99.9
103.7
107.6
113.0
.6
-.5
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
114.2
124.8
121.9
117.4
115.2
108.0
111.3
111.8
109.5
100.0
100.1
100.6
88.6
84.3
86.6
85.3
86.8
75.7
75.0
73.5
74.7
116.5
128.4
124.8
120.6
118.5
110.1
112.4
113.6
111.4
100.0
99.6
99.7
84.9
80.6
85.5
85.8
86.5
73.2
72.6
72.2
72.7
102.6
106.6
106.6
101.0
98.5
97.4
105.6
102.0
100.0
100.0
102.6
105.1
107.7
103.1
92.3
82.7
88.3
88.3
87.2
80.1
84.7
116.6
125.8
124.7
120.2
116.7
107.6
107.9
110.8
108.1
100.0
99.3
99.2
87.4
83.1
85.8
85.3
86.6
77.3
77.6
74.8
75.8
119.6
130.0
128.6
124.2
120.6
109.8
108.6
112.6
109.8
100.0
99.0
98.8
84.6
80.0
85.0
86.0
86.0
74.8
75.4
73.4
73.6
101.9
105.8
105.8
101.0
98.1
97.1
104.8
101.9
100.0
100.0
101.0
101.0
101.0
98.1
89.4
81.7
89.4
89.4
88.5
81.7
86.5
-3.0
-3.9
-1.1
-.5
-2.7
-2.9
-3.0
-3.5
-1.1
(2)
-2.7
-3.3 '
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
109
Chart 51. Clay construction products (SIC 3 2 5 1 ,3 2 5 3 ,3 2 5 9 ): Output per hour and related
data, 1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1967=100)
Rat i o s c a l e
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
—1 60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
Source — Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
110
Table 99. Clay construction products (SIC 3251, 3253, 3259): Indexes of output per employee hour and output
per
employee, 1958- 78
(1967=100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproductton worker
76.3
81.5
84.4
86.6
93.5
89.3
95.5
97.7
98.7
100.0
107.2
106.0
113.5
126.7
130.4
133.0
130.7
132.2
140.2
148.6
153.5
74.8
80.0
83.2
85.1
91.7
88.0
95.1
96.6
97.4
100.0
107.1
106.5
117.0
130.3
130.7
132.2
131.2
135.7
143.8
150.6
155.2
85.5
90.4
91.4
96.6
105.3
97.5
98.1
104.1
107.0
100.0
107.5
104.1
96.8
109.5
128.3
138.1
128.7
116.0
123.3
137.9
144.3
74.7
81.3
83.0
85.2
93.0
89.3
98.1
97.8
99.8
100.0
107.7
107.5
114.3
128.2
130.9
131.6
130.1
129.7
134.7
144.9
149.2
72.7
79.6
81.6
83.3
90.8
87.8
98.0
96.6
98.5
100.0
107.5
107.4
116.6
131.3
130.4
130.1
133.0
137.7
146.9
152.4
86.2
91,1
91.6
96.6
105.8
97.7
98.7
104.5
107.0
100.0
108.9
108.2
103.3
115.2
133.1
139 5
126.5
114.4
121.6
135.3
140.5
3.4
3.4
3.6
3.7
2.2
1.4
3.3
2.9
3.6
3.4
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....... ..............................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 .................................
1970 .................................
1971 .................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
197 3-7 8...............................
130.9
2.1
.9
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
Table 100. Clay construction products (SIC 3251, 3253, 3259): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
Output
Employees
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
90.6
106.1
106.7
106.4
113.8
100.1
110.0
111.1
108.4
100.0
107.5
105.5
96.8
103.6
111.1
111.2
108.9
92.7
100.1
102.7
108.5
118.8
130.2
126.4
122.8
121.7
112.1
115.2
113.7
109.8
100.0
100.3
99.5
85.3
81.8
85.2
83.6
83.3
70.1
71.4
69.1
70.7
121.1
132.6
128.2
125.1
124.1
113.8
115.7
115.0
111.3
100.0
100.4
99.1
82.7
79.5
85.0
84.1
83.0
68.3
69.6
68.2
69.9
106.0
117.4
116.8
110.1
108.1
102.7
112.1
106.7
101.3
100.0
100.0
101.3
100.0
94.6
86.6
80.5
84.6
79.9
81.2
74.5
75.2
121.3
130.5
128.5
124.9
122.4
112.1
112.1
113.6
108.6
100.0
99.8
98.1
84.7
80.8
84.9
84.5
83.7
71.5
74.3
70.9
72.7
124.6
133.3
130.8
127.8
125.3
114.0
112.3
115.0
110.0
100.0
100.0
98.2
83.0
78.9
85.2
85.5
83.2
69.7
72.7
69.9
71.2
105.1
116.5
116.5
110.1
107.6
102.5
111.4
106.3
101.3
100.0
98.7
97.5
93.7
89.9
83.5
79.7
86.1
81.0
82.3
75.9
77.2
(2)
-.6
-3.3
-3.9
-3.5
-4.2
-2.2
-2.0
-3.2
-3.4
-3.5
-3.9
-2.1
-1.5
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
111
Chart 52. Brick and structural clay title (SIC 3251): Output per hour and related data,
1967—78
(1 9 6 7 = 1 0 0 )
Ratio scale
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
Source -
Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
112
Table 101. Brick and structural clay tile (SIC 3251): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ............ .......................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ...............................
1973-78 ...............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
78.8
84.4
89.4
91.9
98.3
90.1
97.7
100.3
101.5
100.0
106.8
103.1
115.4
127.5
130.2
128.6
132.3
133.7
147.2
143.5
149.2
77.2
82.2
88.3
89.6
96.0
88.5
96.6
98.8
99.7
100.0
106.8
103.7
118.5
131.7
130.8
129.0
133.1
137.0
152.7
146.8
151.4
90.3
101.3
96.7
108.6
115.2
101.0
105.1
109.8
113.4
100.0
106.8
98.9
99.7
107.2
126.5
126.4
128.5
116.6
121.3
126.6
137.1
78.8
84.8
87.6
90.0
98.1
91.0
100.3
101.0
103.5
100.0
106.6
105.0
114.8
128.7
131.5
128.3
131.8
131.0
140.0
139.9
145.5
76.9
82.3
86.1
87.3
95.6
89.2
99.3
99.5
101.8
100.0
106.4
105.4
116.1
132.2
131.5
128.6
132.8
134.4
144.5
142.7
147.6
91.3
102.7
97.4
108.7
115.3
101.8
106.5
109.8
113.3
100.0
108.0
102.7
107.4
112.6
130.8
127.1
127.4
114.7
120.1
125.1
135.4
3.1
3.1
3.4
3.5
1.4
1.1
3.0
2.5
3.3
2.8
1.3
.9
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 102. Brick and structural clay tile (SIC 3251): indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 .................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975
................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 ................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
89.1
105.2
109.0
111.3
118.1
94.6
106.5
109.8
110.6
100.0
105.4
102.7
97.2
107.2
115.2
112.0
112.2
92.9
102.9
104.2
112.8
113.1
124.6
121.9
121.1
120.1
105.0
109.0
109.5
109.0
100.0
98.7
99.6
84.2
84.1
88.5
87.1
84.8
69.5
69.9
72.6
75.6
115.4
128.0
123.4
124.2
123.0
106.9
110.2
111.1
110.9
100.0
98.7
99.0
82.0
81.4
88.1
86.8
84.3
67.8
67.4
71.0
74.5
98.7
103.8
112.7
102.5
102.5
93.7
101.3
100.0
97.5
100.0
98.7
103.8
97.5
100.0
91.1
88.6
87.3
79.7
84.8
82.3
82.3
113.1
124.0
124.4
123.6
120.4
104.0
106.2
108.7
106.9
100.0
98.9
97.8
84.7
83.3
87.6
87.3
85.1
70.9
73.5
74.5
77.5
115.9
127.9
126.6
127.5
123.6
106.0
107.3
110.3
108.6
100.0
99.1
97.4
83.7
81.1
87.6
87.1
84.5
69.1
71.2
73.0
76.4
97.6
102.4
111.9
102.4
102.4
92.9
100.0
100.0
97.6
100.0
97.6
100.0
90.5
95.2
88.1
88.1
88.1
81.0
85.7
83.3
83.3
.1
-.2
-2.9
-3.3
-3.1
-3.6
-1.2
-1.4
-2.8
-2.7
-3.0
-3.0
-1.2
-1.1
1 Preliminary.
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
113
Chart 53. Ceramic wall and flo or tile (SIC 3253): Output per hour and related data, 1967-77
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
180
160
140
120
H 100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
114
Table 103. Ceramic wall and floor tile (SIC 3253): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-77
(1967=-100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
71.6
77.8
75.6
80.5
88.5
86.8
90.5
92.5
93.6
100.0
106.0
105.2
104.0
113.6
127.4
133.5
128.1
131.8
131.6
152.4
69.6
76.8
75.3
81.4
87.5
85.9
91.2
91.6
92.2
100.0
107.1
105.8
107.4
113.7
125.3
130.2
127.2
134.4
131.5
149.2
82.1
82.2
77.2
76.3
93.1
91.1
87.8
96.7
100.2
100.0
101.4
102.4
91.0
112.8
137.4
150.1
132.2
121.2
132.6
168.3
69.7
77.2
75.6
78.6
87.9
84.9
90.5
91.5
93.9
100.0
106.5
104.7
106.1
113.6
127.2
130.9
125.7
127.7
129.2
148.6
67.2
76.2
75.3
79.5
86.9
83.7
91.4
90.7
92.9
100.0
107.8
104.7
109.0
112.4
124.5
125.3
130.7
128.8
145.3
82.3
81.5
76.5
75.5
91.9
89.7
87.0
95.2
98.0
100.0
101.6
104.8
95.6
118.5
139.5
151.9
127.3
116.7
131.0
164.0
3.7
3.0
3.7
3.1
3.5
2.3
3.7
2.9
3.7
3.1
3.5
1.8
index:
1958 .................................
1959 ...............................
1960 ...............................
1961
........................
1962
.........................
1963 .................................
1964 .................................
1965 ..............................
1966 ..' .........................
1967
....................
1968 .................................
1969 .............. ................
1970 ............... ..................
1971 .................................
1972 .................................
1973 ..............................
1974 ..............................
1975 ...... ..........................
1976
.............................
1977 2 .............................
Average annual percent
change:
1958*77
........................
1973-77 ............................
‘ The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
126.6
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 104. Ceramic wall and floor tile (SIC 3253): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-77
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ..
1976 ..
1977 1
Average annual percent
change:
1958-77 ...............................
1973-77 ...............................
Output
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
Production workers
86.2
104.8
98.4
93.5
109.4
102.5
111.9
108.8
102.7
100.0
106.5
99.8
91.0
84.6
99.6
101.3
109.1
100.0
106.1
109.4
120.4
134.7
130.1
116.2
123.6
118.1
123.6
117.6
109.7
100.0
100.5
94.9
87.5
74.5
78.2
75.9
85.2
75.9
80.6
71.8
123.9
136.4
130.7
114.8
125.0
119.3
122.7
118.8
111.4
100.0
99.4
94.3
84.7
74.4
79.5
77.8
85.8
74.4
80.7
73.3
105.0
127.5
127.5
122.5
117.5
112.5
127.5
112.5
102.5
100.0
105.0
97.5
100.0
75.0
72.5
67.5
82.5
82.5
80.0
65.0
123.6
135.8
130.2
118.9
124.5
120.8
123.6
118.9
109.4
100.0
100.0
95.3
85.8
74.5
78.3
77.4
86.8
78.3
82.1
73.6
128.2
137.6
130.6
117.6
125.9
122.4
122.4
120.0
110.6
100.0
98.8
95.3
83.5
75.3
80.0
80.0
87.1
76.5
82.4
75.3
104.8
128.6
128.6
123.8
119.0
114.3
128.6
114.3
104.8
100.0
104.8
95.2
95.2
71.4
71.4
66.7
85.7
85.7
81.0
66.7
.2
1.3
-3.3
-1.7
-3.4
-1.8
-3.2
-1.1
-3.3
-1.6
-3.3
-1.8
-3.2
-.6
1 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
All employees
All employees
Nonproduction
workers
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
115
Chart 54. Clay refractories (SIC 3255): Output per hour and related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
H 90
80
70
60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
Source — Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
116
Table 105. Clay refractories (SIC 3255): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-78
(1967= 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per h o u r 1
Year
Index:
1958
1959
I9 6 0
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1 Qfi7
1968
1969
1970
1971
197?
1973
1974
197*;
1976
1977
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
72.3
80.1
79.7
85.4
91.1
90.4
96.9
96.3
101.8
100.0
103.5
111.8
110.4
109.3
116.4
125.6
143.9
127.6
130.3
137.1
142.0
71.8
74.6
74.3
80.7
86.1
87.8
94.4
93.0
98.9
100.0
106.5
115.0
119.1
121.1
123.2
124.8
143.1
133.0
136.5
139.5
151.8
74.4
114.0
113.4
112.7
119.2
102.3
108.6
112.2
115.3
100.0
92.9
100.3
85.1
78.4
94.5
129.4
147.6
109.1
109.6
127.7
70.7
76.4
74.3
79.6
85.3
91.5
100.3
100.3
103.8
100.0
105.2
113.8
115.1
112.3
119.9
131.3
148.1
126.4
128.8
139.4
143.7
69.6
70.5
68.4
74.2
79.6
88.9
98.2
97.4
101.3
100.0
108.1
116.2
123.3
122.8
126.6
131.3
149.0
132.0
135.4
143.5
154.9
3.2
1.4
3.8
2.7
3.5
4.2
.8
2 .1
.....................
...............................
...............................
.............................
.....................
..................
.....................
..................
..............
.............
.....................
.........................
.............
.............
...............
..........
..........
.........
...........
.....................
1 1 2 .2
CO CM
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
N o n p r o d u c t ic n w o r k e r "
75.7
114 4
113 9
1 1 3 .2
119 4
1 0 3 .5
• 1 0 .0
114 0
1 1 4 .9
1 0 0 .0
95.1
1 0 4 .8
90.6
83.4
98.7
131.5
144.5
108.1
108.0
125.0
1 1 1 .1
.6
-3.6
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
Table 106. Clay refractories (SIC 3255): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ...................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ...................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
69.6
82.4
82.0
81.5
81.2
82.8
92.4
100.3
110.3
100.0
102.7
117.4
112.3
103.4
106.6
115.7
144.5
125.4
116.6
125.0
128.9
96.2
102.9
102.9
95.4
89.1
91.6
95.4
104.2
108.4
100.0
99.2
105.0
101.7
94.6
91.6
92.1
100.4
98.3
89.5
91.2
90.8
96.9
110.4
110.4
101.0
94.3
94.3
97.9
107.8
111.5
100.0
96.4
102.1
94.3
85.4
86.5
92.7
101.0
94.3
85.4
89.6
84.9
93.6
72.3
72.3
72.3
68.1
80.9
85.1
89.4
95.7
100.0
110.6
117.0
131.9
131.9
112.8
89.4
97.9
114.9
106.4
97.9
114.9
98.4
107.9
110.3
102.4
95.2
90.5
92.1
100.0
106.3
100.0
97.6
103.2
97.6
92.1
88.9
88.1
97.6
99.2
90.5
89.7
89.7
2.9
.1
-.3
-1.3
-.9
-2.5
2.2
3.4
-.6
-.7
1 Preliminary.
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
117
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
100.0
9 2 .0
116.8
119.8
109.9
72.0
72.0
72.0
68.0
80.0
84.0
88.0
102.0
93.1
94.1
103.0
108.9
100.0
95.0
101.0
91.1
84.2
84.2
88.1
97.0
95.0
86.1
87.1
83.2
-1.3
-2.0
9 6 .0
100.0
108.0
112.0
124.0
124 0
108.0
88.0
100.0
116.0
108.0
100.0
116.0
2.3
3.8
Chart 55. Concrete products (SIC 3271. 3272): Output per hour and related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 7
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
- i 160
150
140
130
120
110
100
H
90
80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
118
Table 107. Concrete products (SIC 3271, 3272): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-77
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per ho u r1
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
I960 ....................................
1961
................................
1962
................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965
................................
1966 .....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 .................................
1976 ....................................
1977 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-77...............................
1973-77 ...............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
67.3
71.3
77.7
76.1
75.0
76.2
73.0
74.5
75.9
82.2
87.1
90.5
95.9
100.0
108.0
106.8
104.4
111.7
113.7
115.9
116.4
113.3
116.3
120.9
67.9
71.3
77.9
77.1
76.8
75.5
72.0
73.9
75.1
83.5
89.0
92.1
99.4
100.0
108.5
107.8
105.3
113.9
116.3
118.4
118.0
118.6
120.3
126.0
67.5
73.8
80.0
75.1
71.0
82.0
79.6
79.3
82.1
80.5
83.2
88.0
88.1
100.0
106.7
103.3
101.3
103.9
105.0
107.3
110.9
97.3
103.8
105.1
67.8
71.3
79.1
76.6
74.0
77.8
76.7
78.4
80.5
84.4
89.9
91.8
95.5
100.0
109.0
109.5
107.1
111.4
113.4
116.0
114.5
109.4
114.3
117.9
67.7
70.4
78.7
76.8
74.7
76.4
75.7
78.1
79.9
85.7
91.9
92.8
98.0
100.0
109.2
110.0
106.7
111.9
114.9
118.4
116.3
114.3
118.4
123.2
68.5
74.4
80.8
75.9
71.7
82.7
80.1
79.6
82.6
80.9
83.9
88.4
88.0
100.0
108.3
107.7
108.4
109.6
108.7
108.6
109.1
95.6
102.4
103.1
3.0
.8
3.3
1.4
1.6
-1.1
2.8
.3
3.2
1.0
1.5
-1.6
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 108. Concrete products (SIC 3271, 3272): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-77
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ................................... .
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-77...............................
1973-77...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
52.6
60.7
71.1
68.7
65.6
70.6
71.4
71.6
74.0
82.5
89.9
97.9
104.2
100.0
108.9
111.9
116.3
123.6
131.8
139.5
124.4
111.7
113.3
121.6
78.1
85.1
91.5
90.3
87.5
92.6
97.8
96.1
97.5
100.4
103.2
108.2
108.6
100.0
100.8
104.8
111.4
110.7
115.9
120.4
106.9
98.6
97.4
100.6
77.5
85.1
91.3
89.1
85.4
93.5
99.1
96.9
98.6
98.8
101.0
106.3
104.8
100.0
100.4
103.8
110.4
108.5
113.3
117.8
105.4
94.2
94.2
96.5
77.9
82.2
88.9
91.5
92.4
86.1
89.7
90.3
90.1
102.5
108.1
111.2
118.3
100.0
102.1
108.3
114.8
119.0
125.5
130.0
112.2
114.8
109.2
115.7
77.6
85.1
89.9
89.7
88.6
90.8
93.1
91.3
91.9
97.7
100.0
106.6
109.1
100.0
99.9
102.2
108.6
111.0
116.2
120.3
108.6
102.1
99.1
103.1
77.7
86.2
90.4
89.4
87.8
92.4
94.3
91.7
92.6
96.3
97.8
105.5
106.3
100.0
99.7
101.7
109.0
110.5
114.7
117.8
107.0
97.7
95.7
98.7
76.8
81.6
88.0
90.5
91.5
85.4
89.1
90.0
89.6
102.0
107.1
110.8
118.4
100.0
100.6
103.9
107.3
112.8
121.2
128.5
114.0
116.8
110.6
117.9
4.4
-3.6
1.4
-4.4
1.1
-5.0
2.8
-2.6
1.6
-3.9
1.2
-4.5
2.9
-2.0
pre|iminary.
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
1
119
Chart 56. Ready-mixed concrete (SIC 3273): Output per hour and related data, 1967—77
{1 9 6 7 = 1 0 0 )
Ratio scale
160
150
HO
130
120
110
H loo
90
80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
Source — Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
120
Table 109. Ready-mixed concrete (SIC 3273): Indexes of output per employee hour, output per employee, output, employee
hours, and employees, 1958-77
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958 .....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 .....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 .....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 .....................................
1967 .....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 ..................................
Average annual percent
change:
195 8-7 7................................
1973-77 ...............................
Output per
employee hour
Output per
employee
Output
Employee hours
Employees
81.6
83.4
82.0
80.9
83.0
90.3
90.8
95.1
95.6
100.0
103.0
98.6
96.0
102.5
104.8
109.0
105.7
102.7
104.0
105.1
79.6
81.7
83.0
83.0
83.8
92.0
92.4
94.7
95.0
100.0
102.2
101.1
94.2
96.9
103.0
105.4
102.2
96.9
98.4
104.1
66.4
74.1
72.2
72.8
75.0
88.3
89.6
96.9
96.1
100.0
100.3
101.6
96.6
99.8
118.4
122.3
119.6
108.2
108.0
120.9
81.4
88.9
88.0
90.0
90.4
97.8
98.7
101.9
100.5
100.0
97.4
103.0
100.6
97.4
113.0
112.2
113.2
105.4
103.8
115.0
83.4
90.7
87.0
87.7
89.5
96.0
97.0
102.3
101.2
100.0
98.1
100.5
102.6
103.0
115.0
116.0
117.0
111.7
109.8
116.1
1.6
-.9
1.3
-.6
3.0
-1.2
1.4
-.4
1.7
-.6
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census.
121
Chart 57. Steel (SIC 331): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
(1 9 6 7 = 1 0 0 )
Ratio scale
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
122
Table 110. Steel (SIC 331): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967- 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
77.2
87.8
86.4
84.3
77.9
87.5
82.3
84.9
89.2
93.2
97.2
101.1
103.2
100.0
103.5
104.0
101.3
106.2
112.7
123.5
123.5
107.6
114.5
115.6
120.7
74.1
82.4
82.3
81.6
78.4
87.7
82.3
85.4
89.6
92.1
94.8
98.7
101.3
100.0
104.7
104.8
102.9
108.8
114.2
123.5
124.0
111.8
117.8
119.6
122.8
93.7
120.0
108.8
97.3
76.0
86.7
82.4
83.0
87.9
98.1
108.6
112.9
111.6
100.0
98.8
100.8
95.3
96.9
106.9
123.4
121.6
93.6
102.3
102.3
112.7
73.4
88.5
87.1
82.4
73.8
87.4
79.0
82.7
87.4
93.2
99.2
103.3
104.8
100.0
105.8
107.0
101.7
105.8
114.4
128.0
126.9
106.8
115.3
117.0
124.5
69.6
82.9
82.8
79.3
73.1
87.4
78.0
82.5
87.2
91.9
97.0
101.0
103.1
100.0
106.5
107.6
102.3
107.1
115.3
128.2
127.4
109.8
118.0
120.3
126.7
94.3
120.7
109.4
98.0
76.5
87.3
82.7
83.2
87.9
98.1
108.6
112.9
111.6
100.0
102.6
104.7
99.1
100.6
111.1
127.9
125.3
96.5
105.4
105.5
116.3
1.8
-.7
2.1
-.2
(3)
-2.5
1.9
-.9
2.3
-.5
.1
-2.5
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955 .....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ................................... .
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 .....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 .....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 .................................. .
1975 ....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
*Werage annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78 ................................
3 Less than .05 percent.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the American Iron and Steel Institute, and the
Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 111. Steel (SIC 331): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 .....................................
1957 .....................................
1958 ...... ..............................
1959 .....................................
1960 ............................ .
1961 .....................................
1962 ........... .........................
1963 .....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 ....... .............................
1967 .....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974
...............................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....... ....................... .
1978 1 ..............................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78 ..............................
1973-78 ....................... .......
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
74.6
98.4
96.8
93.4
69.8
80.8
81.0
77.5
81.5
86.5
98.2
106.8
107.5
100.0
105.9
108.5
100.4
95.5
102.4
121.9
121.8
92.2
99.7
102.1
109.7
96.6
112.1
112.0
110.8
89.6
92.3
98.4
91.3
91.4
92.8
101.0
105.6
104.2
100.0
102.3
104.3
99.1
89.9
90.9
98.7
98.6
85.7
87.1
88.3
90.9
100.7
119.4
117.6
114.5
89.0
92.1
98.4
90.8
91.0
93.9
103.6
108.2
106.1
100.0
101.1
103.5
97.6
87.8
89.7
98.7
98.2
82.5
84.6
85.4
89.3
79.6
82.0
89.0
96.0
91.8
93.2
98.3
93.4
92.7
88.2
90.4
94.6
96.3
100.0
107.2
107.6
105.3
98.6
95.8
98.8
100.2
98.5
97.5
99.8
97.3
101.6
111.2
111.2
113.3
94.6
92.4
102.5
93.7
93.3
92.8
99.0
103.4
102.6
100.0
100.1
101.4
98.7
90.3
89.5
95.2
96.0
86.3
86.5
87.3
88.1
107.2
118.7
1*16.9
117.8
95.5
92.5
103.8
93.9
93.5
94.1
101.2
105.7
104.3
100.0
99.4
100.8
98.1
89.2
88.8
95.1
95.6
84.0
84.5
84.9
86.6
79.1
81.5
88.5
95.3
91.2
92.6
97.9
93.2
92.7
88.2
90.4
94.6
96.3
100.0
103.2
103.6
101.3
94.9
92.2
95.3
97.2
95.5
94.6
96.8
94.3
1.3
-2.8
-.5
-2.1
-.8
-2.5
1.2
-.3
-.6
-1.9
-1.0
-2.3
1.1
-.2
1 Preliminary.
the Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. Employment and
SOURCE: Output based on data from the American Iron and Steel Institute, and
hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
123
Chart 58. Gray iron foundries (SIC 3321): Output per hour and related data, 1 8 6 7 -7 8
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
-
160
150
140
130
-
120
-
110
—
100
-
-
-
|
-
90
—
80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
Source - Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
124
Table 112. Gray iron foundries (SIC 3321): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee
Output per hour
Year
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
87.2
101.7
92.2
81.6
72.9
87.2
78.5
79.0
88.4
95.0
108.1
113.4
112.8
100.0
105.1
112.0
95.8
99.1
110.0
117.8
117.4
103.4
103.0
107.9
109.9
75.5
86.0
83.3
77.4
77.8
85.6
82.2
83.3
90.4
95.3
105.1
111.1
106.1
111.4
105.8
113.0
118.9
124.2
128.0
126.7
125.6
129.8
130.4
77.2
82.3
82.6
81.3
86.4
87.2
87.9
90.4
92.8
94.1
99.0
103.9
104.7
100.0
106.2
111.3
107.4
115.4
120.3
125.2
129.7
130.9
129.7
133.6
134.0
109.0
114.5
103.9
111.3
121.6
127.4
128.7
122.9
124.7
129.7
130.5
73.9
84.1
81.9
76.7
78.6
85.4
82.7
84.0
90.6
95.2
104.7
110.5
109.6
100.0
109.1
114.4
104.8
113.1
123.2
128.4
129.9
125.8
128.1
133.1
133.8
87.7
101.8
92.6
81.9
73.1
87.3
78.8
79.1
89.0
95.5
109.2
114.1
113.0
100.0
108.7
115.1
98.3
2.3
-8
2.4
1.2
1.3
-1-7
2.4
.4
2.6
.9
1.4
-1.7
All employees
Index:
1954 ...
1955 ...
1956 ...
1957 ...
1958 ...
1959 ...
1960 ...
1961 ...
1962 ...
1963 ...
1964 ...
1965 ...
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970 ..
1971 ..
1972 ..
1973 ..
1974 ..
1975 ..
1976 ..
1977 ..
1978 2
Average annual percent
change:
1954-78...............................
1973-78...............................
78.2
84.3
83.8
81.3
84.3
87.1
86.6
88.7
92.2
94.1
100.1
104.9
105.6
100.0
110.0
100.0
101.6
112.3
121.3
121.4
106.9
107.0
111.1
113.2
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
Table 113. Gray iron foundries (SIC 3321): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 .......... .........................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ........ ...........................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
73.3
90.2
86.1
76.3
63.5
78.1
72.4
68.6
78.1
83.2
96.3
108.5
112.2
100.0
107.5
119.4
106.2
107.0
122.0
140.7
141.6
122.9
123.0
130.7
135.1
93.7
107.0
102.8
93.8
75.3
89.7
83.6
77.3
84.7
88.4
96.2
103.4
106.3
100.0
101.3
107.2
100.4
94.7
102.6
113.3
110.6
97.0
97.9
100.7
103.6
95.0
109.6
104.2
93.8
73.5
89.6
82.4
75.9
84.2
88.4
97.3
104.4
107.2
100.0
101.2
107.3
98.9
92.7
101.4
112.4
109.2
93.9
94.8
97.8
100.8
84.1
88.7
93.4
93.5
87.1
89.6
92.2
86.8
88.3
87.6
89.1
95.7
99.5
100.0
102.3
106.6
110.9
108.0
110.9
119.4
120.6
118.9
119.4
121.1
122.9
97.1
104.9
103.4
98.6
81.6
91.2
88.1
82.4
86.4
87.3
91.6
97.7
102.0
100.0
98.6
104.3
102.2
96.1
100.3
110.4
110.0
100.0
98.6
100.8
103.5
99.2
107.3
105.1
99.5
80.8
91.5
87.5
81.7
86.2
87.4
92.0
98.2
102.4
100.0
98.5
104.4
101.3
94.6
99.0
109.6
109.0
97.7
96.0
98.2
101.0
83.6
88.6
93.0
93.2
86.9
89.5
91.9
86.7
87.8
87.1
88.2
95.1
99.3
100.0
98.9
103.7
108.0
105.3
108.6
116.0
116.6
115.0
115.0
117.6
119.3
2.9
-1.3
.7
-2.0
.5
-2.4
1.6
.5
.5
-1.7
.4
-2.1
1.5
.5
1 Preliminary.
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
125
Chart 59. Steel foundries (SIC 3324 3325): Output per hour and related data, 1967-78
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
126
Table 114. Steel foundries (SIC 3324, 3325): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
I9 6 0 ..................................
1961 ..................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 .... ..............................
1967 ..................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ..................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ..................................
1976 ..................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-78 ...............................
.........................
1973-78
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
78.2
85.9
90.8
88.8
81.0
87.1
86.3
87.3
91.6
97.5
97.9
100.5
102.1
100.0
97.5
99.5
96.2
100.4
106.0
107.6
118.5
113.6
111.5
106.3
110.5
79.4
84.9
88.2
87.8
83.7
86.6
87.1
88.7
91.8
97.2
95.9
98.4
100.1
100.0
99.4
100.3
97.9
104.7
109.3
109.7
119.9
116.4
116.5
111.8
116.1
71.4
91.3
107.8
94.8
68.6
90.3
82.3
80.4
91.5
99.5
109.5
113.0
114.4
100.0
88.4
95.1
87.9
82.1
91.2
97.3
111.8
100.7
90.5
84.1
88.1
73.3
85.9
92.6
87.5
75.1
84.5
83.1
83.6
90.1
96.3
100.0
103.7
106.5
100.0
96.6
99.9
94.9
98.3
103.7
107.2
116.8
112.6
108.8
104.7
110.9
73.5
84.7
90.0
86.1
76.5
83.4
83.2
84.2
89.8
95.6
98.1
101.9
104.9
100.0
97.7
100.3
96.0
101.6
106.1
108.7
117.1
114.6
112.4
109.3
116.1
71.8
91.4
108.2
95.1
68.7
90.2
82.4
80.4
91.9
99.9
110.5
113.5
114.4
100.0
91.3
97.5
90.0
84.1
93.2
100.0
115.1
104.2
93.7
86.4
91.0
1.4
-.6
1.6
.2
.4
-4.1
1.4
-.5
1.6
.3
.5
-4.0
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 115. Steel foundries (SIC 3324, 3325): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ...................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
58.3
74.7
94.2
85.3
53.3
66.0
61.0
56.5
65.8
79.1
89.6
98.2
108.9
100.0
92.9
100.0
83.8
80.5
86.8
94.0
112.1
106.0
98.6
100.6
109.0
74.6
87.0
103.8
96.1
65.8
75.8
70.7
64.7
71.8
81.1
91.5
97.7
106.7
100.0
95.3
100.5
87.1
80.2
81.9
87.4
94.6
93.3
88.4
94.6
98.6
73.4
88.0
106.8
97.2
63.7
76.2
70.0
63.7
71.7
81.4
93.4
99.8
108.8
100.0
93.5
99.7
85.6
76.9
79.4
85.7
93.5
91.1
84.6
90.0
93.9
81.6
81.8
87.4
90.0
77.7
73.1
74.1
70.3
71.9
79.5
81.8
86.9
95.2
100.0
105.1
105.2
95.3
98.0
95.2
96.6
100.3
105.3
109.0
119.6
123.7
79.5
87.0
101.7
97.5
71.0
78.1
73.4
67.6
73.0
82.1
89.6
94.7
102.3
100.0
96.2
100.1
88.3
81.9
83.7
87.7
96.0
94.1
90.6
96.1
98.3
79.3
88.2
104.7
99.1
69.7
79.1
73.3
67.1
73.3
82.7
91.3
96.4
103.8
100.0
95.1
99.7
87.3
79.2
81.8
86.5
95.7
92.5
87.7
92.0
93.9
81.2
81.7
87.1
89.7
77.6
73.2
74.0
70.3
71.6
79.2
81.1
86.5
95.2
100.0
101.7
102.6
93.1
95.7
93.1
94.0
97.4
101.7
105.2
116.4
119.8
2.1
1.0
.8
1.6
.6
.8
1.8
5.3
.7
1.5
.5
.7
1.6
5.2
1 preliminary.
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
127
Chart 60. Primary copper, lead, and zinc (SIC 3331, 3332, 3333): Output per hour and related
data, 1967—78
Ratio scale
- I
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
- J 70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
1967 1968 1969 1970 i9 7 i 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau o f Laoor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
128
Table 116. Primary copper, lead, and zinc (SIC 3331, 3332, 3333): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
<Werage annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
84.4
94.1
95.5
96.0
94.1
88.5
98.7
103.2
109.6
112.2
116.6
120.2
118.7
100.0
117.8
120.7
116.7
121.4
135.2
140.6
127.6
126.4
142.7
148.6
138.8
80.7
88.6
89.1
90.7
91.4
86.7
94.4
99.0
104.8
106.4
110.2
113.1
111.6
100.0
112.8
113.8
111.4
119.2
129.4
136.7
126.7
129.0
143.7
149.3
135.8
104.0
125.7
134.8
125.5
106.9
97.0
121.3
125.2
135.2
143.3
152.7
161.5
159.8
100.0
143.5
160.4
144.3
131.2
165.3
159.6
130.8
116.9
138.6
146.3
153.2
83.0
95.1
97.7
96.2
92.8
85.9
99.0
104.4
110.6
112.1
115.4
121.1
120.7
100.0
117.8
121.4
117.7
120.8
134.5
138.5
127.3
124.8
140.7
145.7
135.4
78.6
89.2
90.9
90.4
89.7
83.4
94.3
99.9
105.4
105.9
108.0
113.3
113.3
100.0
111.8
113.6
111.6
117.6
127.6
132.8
125.3
125.8
140.1
144.4
130.5
104.7
125.7
135.2
125.9
107.1
97.1
121.5
125.2
135.9
143.9
154.1
162.4
159.8
100.0
147.7
163.8
148.2
134.7
168.7
164.9
135.7
121.2
143.1
150.7
157.2
2.1
1.5
2.4
1.6
.8
.9
2.0
1.2
2.2
1.3
.8
.7
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior; the Bureau of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and
hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
smployee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 117. Primary copper, lead, and zinc (SIC 3331, 3332, 3333): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 .....................................
1957 .....................................
1958 .....................................
1959
.............................
1960 .................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963
......................
1964 ..................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967
....................
1968 .................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ..................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975
....................
1976 ....................................
1977
....................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78 ............................
197 3-7 8...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
108.2
123.1
133.6
130.4
112.8
93.5
121.4
123.2
129.4
128.1
134.5
142.1
146.1
100.0
132.0
160.4
160.8
146.2
157.9
161.4
147.2
131.5
140.1
131.4
130.5
128.2
130.8
139.9
135.9
119.9
105.7
123.0
119.4
118.1
114.2
115.4
118.2
123.1
100.0
112.1
132.9
137.8
120.4
116.8
114.8
115.4
104.0
98.2
88.4
94.0
134.1
139.0
149.9
143.8
123.4
107.9
128.6
124.5
123.5
120.4
122.1
125.6
130.9
100.0
117.0
140.9
144.3
122.6
122.0
118.1
116.2
101.9
97.5
88.0
96.1
104.0
97.9
99.1
103.9
105.5
96.4
100.1
98.4
95.7
89.4
88.1
88.0
91.4
100.0
92.0
100.0
111.4
111.4
95.5
101.1
112.5
112.5
101.1
89.8
85.2
130.4
129.5
136.8
135.6
121.5
108.8
122.6
118.0
117.0
114.3
116.6
117.3
121.0
100.0
112.1
132.1
136.6
121.0
117.4
116.5
115.6
105.4
99.6
90.2
96.4
137.6
138.0
147.0
144.3
125.7
112.1
128.7
123.3
122.8
121.0
124.5
125.4
128.9
100.0
118.1
141.2
144.1
124.3
123.7
121.5
117.5
104.5
100.0
91.0
100.0
103.3
97.9
98.8
'103.6
105.3
96.3
99.9
98.4
95.2
89.0
87.3
87.5
91.4
100.0
89.4
97.9
108.5
108.5
93.6
97.9
108.5
108.5
97.9
87.2
83.0
1.1
-3.8
-1.1
-5.2
-1.3
-5.3
.3
-4.6
-.9
-4.9
-1.1
-5.0
.2
-4.4
1 Preliminary.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of
Bureau of Labor Statistics,
the Interior; th e B u re a u o f the Census; a n d the Bureau o f Labor Statistics.
129
Chart 61
Primary copper (SIC 3331): Output per hour and related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 8
Ratio scale
- i 260
240
H 220
200
180
160
140
-
120
100
—1 80
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
-
100
80
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
— 100
80
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
130
Table 118. Primary copper (SIC 3331): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
84.1
99.4
101.4
100.3
94.3
88.9
99.1
101.0
109.6
109.2
116.1
118.7
115.7
100.0
119.2
119.3
114.9
117.4
124.5
129.6
116.1
118.7
136.3
143.7
136.4
78.9
92.0
92.6
92.1
88.9
85.2
91.7
95.7
103.5
101.8
108.4
109.0
107.6
100.0
113.4
111.3
108.7
114.6
118.5
124.1
115.6
121.1
137.1
141.9
131.7
114.4
146.3
164.0
156.8
125.6
107.5
146.0
130.6
144.0
155.2
162.7
183.7
165.3
100.0
149.5
168.2
149.1
130.6
156.6
157.2
117.9
109.9
132.9
151.4
159.5
85.9
104.3
108.2
104.5
96.0
84.6
100.2
103.4
112.9
112.7
117.1
123.3
121.4
100.0
120.1
121.8
119.5
118.4
126.7
133.4
118.1
120.7
138.9
143.0
134.0
80.7
97.1
99.4
96.0
90.4
80.2
92.6
98.0
106.8
105.1
108.9
113.4
113.5
100.0
113.3
113.1
113.0
114.8
120.1
127.5
117.1
122.6
139.5
140.2
128.1
115.0
146.2
164.4
157.2
125.7
107.5
146.2
130.6
144.7
155.9
163.9
184.6
165.3
100.0
155.8
172.3
153.6
134.7
161.0
161.8
122.2
113.8
137.0
155.0
163.0
1.6
3.0
1.9
3.0
(3)
2.9
1.4
2.1
1.6
2.0
.1
2.7
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ..................;.................
1971 ....................................
1972 ...................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....... .............................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78..... .........................
1973-78 ...............................
3 Less then .05 percent.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior; the Bureau of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and
hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
Table 119. Primary copper (SIC 3331): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
.......................
1973
...........................
1974
...........................
1975
1976 ....................................
1977
..........................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78 ...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
108.8
127.9
140.9
135.5
121.8
95.9
139.3
137.3
148.5
145.3
150.3
161.5
165.3
100.0
142.9
179.5
185.5
168.4
187.9
195.5
178.2
161.2
171.3
161.5
163.0
129.4
128.7
139.0
135.1
129.1
107.9
140.6
135.9
135.5
133.0
129.5
136.1
142.9
100.0
119.9
150.4
161.5
143.4
150.9
150.9
153.5
135.8
125.7
112.4
119.5
137.9
139.0
152.2
147.2
137.0
112.5
151.9
143.5
143.5
142.8
138.7
148.1
153.6
100.0
126.0
161.3
170.7
147.0
158.6
157.5
154.1
133.1
124.9
113.8
123.8
95.1
87.4
85.9
86.4
97.0
89.2
95.4
105.1
103.1
93.6
92.4
87.9
100.0
100.0
95.6
106.7
124.4
128.9
120.0
124.4
151.1
146.7
128.9
106.7
102.2
126.6
122.6
130.2
129.7
126.9
113.3
139.0
132.8
131.5
128.9
128.4
131.0
136.2
100.0
119.0
147.4
155.2
142.2
148.3
146.6
150.9
133.6
123.3
112.9
121.6
134.9
131.7
141.8
141.1
134.8
119.6
150.4
140.1
139.1
138.2
138.0
142.4
145.7
100.0
126.1
158.7
164.1
146.7
156.5
153.3
152.2
131.5
122.8
115.2
127.2
94.6
87.5
85.7
86.2
96.9
89.2
95.3
105.1
102.6
93.2
91.7
87.5
100.0
100.0
91.7
104.2
120.8
125.0
116.7
120.8
145.8
141.7
125.0
104.2
100.0
1.8
-3.2
.1
-6.0
-.2
-6.0
1.8
-6.0
.4
-5.2
.2
-5.1
1.7
-5.8
1 Preliminary
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of
Bureau of Labor Statistics,
the Interior; the Bureau of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
131
Chart 62. Primary aluminum (SIC 3334): Output per hour and related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
—
90
80
16G
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
- 1 80
Source -
Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
132
Table 120. Primary aluminum (SIC 3334): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
51.8
57.4
59.0
59.2
65.9
78.4
81.9
85.3
89.4
92.5
95.2
97.5
100.9
100.0
93.5
102.3
104.9
113.8
112.2
111.1
122.8
105.8
110.8
109.5
106.1
50.5
56.3
58.8
59.7
68.2
78.6
83.0
87.5
90.4
93.2
94.4
97.0
100.7
100.0
94.5
102.5
106.2
117.3
116.7
111.8
123.7
112.8
114.0
111.2
106.4
58.3
62.8
59.7
57.0
57.2
77.7
77.4
76.8
84.8
89.1
98.7
99.5
102.1
100.0
89.1
101.7
99.2
100.7
95.8
108.4
118.4
83.2
98.8
102.6
104.8
53.7
59.1
60.0
60.3
67.5
81.3
84.0
87.2
90.9
94.0
92.3
97.7
102.5
100.0
93.8
103.9
104.8
112.9
110.8
111.8
121.8
105.6
111.2
110.0
107.7
52.6
58.3
60.0
61.2
70.5
82.2
85.7
90.3
92.4
95.1
90.6
97.0
102.6
100.0
94.1
103.7
105.5
115.4
114.4
111.8
121.5
111.6
113.5
111.0
107.5
58.6
62.8
60.0
57.3
57.4
77.8
77.7
76.9
85.3
89.6
99.9
100.1
102.4
100.0
92.5
104.4
102.1
103.5
97.9
111.6
123.1
86.0
102.8
105.9
108.3
3.6
-1.5
3.8
-1.6
2.7
-1.2
3.4
-1.3
3.5
-1.3
2.8
-1.2
Index:
1954 ....... .............................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....... ............................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78..............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the
Interior; and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data from the
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 121. Primary aluminum (SIC 3334): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ..
1966 ..
1967 ..
1968 ..
1969 .. *
1970 ..
1971 ..
1972 ..
1973 ..
1974 ..
1975 ..
1976 ..
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
46.5
49.7
53.2
52.0
49.3
61.5
63.0
59.4
65.8
71.6
78.8
84.8
91.0
100.0
98.5
113.5
117.6
114.8
119.2
131.0
141.8
112.2
122.9
131.2
138.9
89.8
86.6
90.2
87.8
74.8
78.4
76.9
69.6
73.6
77.4
82.8
87.0
90.2
100.0
105.3
110.9
112.1
100.9
106.2
117.9
115.5
106.0
110.9
119.8
130.9
92.1
88.3
90.5
87.1
72.3
78.2
75.9
67.9
72.8
76.8
83.5
87.4
90.4
100.0
104.2
110.7
110.7
97.9
102.1
117.2
114.6
99.5
107.8
118.0
130.5
79.8
79.2
89.1
91.2
86.2
79.2
81.4
77.3
77.6
80.4
79.8
85.2
89.1
100.0
110.5
111.6
118.6
114.0
124.4
120.9
119.8
134.9
124.4
127.9
132.6
86.6
84.1
88.7
86.2
73.0
75.6
75.0
68.1
72.4
76.2
85.4
86.8
88.8
100.0
105.0
109.2
112.2
101.7
107.6
117.2
116.4
106.3
110.5
119.3
129.0
88.4
85.3
88.7
85.0
69.9
74.8
73.5
65.8
71.2
75.3
87.0
87.4
88.7
100.0
104.7
109.4
111.5
99.5
104.2
117.2
116.7
100.5
108.3
118.2
129.2
79.3
79.1
88.6
90.8
85.9
79.0
81.1
77.2
77.1
79.9
78.9
84.7
88.9
100.0
106.5
108.7
115.2
110.9
121.7
117.4
115.2
130.4
119.6
123.9
128.3
6.8
.4
2.9
2.0
2.7
2.0
3.8
1.7
3.1
1.7
3.0
1.7
3.7
1.7
1 Preliminary.
the Interior, and the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours based on data
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of
from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
133
Chart 63. Copper rolling and drawing (SIC 3351): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
(1967=100)
Ratio s^cale
-
150
140
130
120
-
110
100
90
H
80
70
- 1
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
-
90
80
70
- 1 60
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
134
Table 122. Copper rolling and drawing (SIC 3351): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-78
(1967 —100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
71.1
78.1
75.4
81.6
87.5
95.7
105.4
111.4
117.7
100.0
103.8
110.3
98.6
109.6
112.2
117.7
106.3
94.7
105.4
120.7
118.8
72.1
77.1
75.1
82.9
88.3
94.0
103.5
108.9
114.1
100.0
104.7
110.5
101.4
112.0
112.4
117.4
108.6
102.6
108.3
123.4
119.5
67.1
82.5
76.2
76.7
84.2
103.6
114.0
123.4
136.3
100.0
99.8
109.5
88.0
100.6
111.0
119.3
97.4
71.2
94.7
110.4
115.9
70.6
81.0
74.7
82.7
89.9
99.2
110.2
116.8
125.4
100.0
105.5
114.9
98.8
111.2
117.5
123.6
109.9
93.2
109.0
125.3
125.0
71.6
80.7
74.4
84.4
91.5
98.0
109.0
115.2
123.1
100.0
106.1
115.6
101.3
113.5
118.6
123.9
112.6
100.0
112.0
128.8
126.6
67.1
82.4
76.2
76.5
84.5
103.9
115.1
123.7
135.7
100.0
103.2
111.9
90.0
103.1
113.0
122.4
100.6
73.6
98.3
113.4
118.9
2.0
1.5
2.1
1.5
1.2
1.5
2.0
1.7
2.2
1.8
1.4
1.5
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ........ ...........................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .... :...........................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 123. Copper rolling and drawing (SIC 3351): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
70.7
86.7
73.4
80.9
92.0
95.8
108.0
114.5
127.3
100.0
104.4
117.4
95.6
101.9
110.2
122.4
103.1
74.5
92.2
98.0
99.9
99.5
111.0
97.4
99.1
105.2
100.1
102.5
102.8
108.2
100.0
100.6
106.4
97.0
93.0
98.2
104.0
97.0
78.7
87.5
81.2
84.1
98.1
112.4
97.7
97.6
104.2
101.9
104.3
105.1
111.6
100.0
99.7
106.2
94.3
91.0
98.0
104.3
94.9
72.6
85.1
79.4
83.6
105.4
105.1
96.3
105.5
109.2
92.5
94.7
92.8
93.4
100.0
104.6
107.2
108.6
101.3
99.3
102.6
105.9
104.6
97.4
88.8
86.2
100.1
107.0
98.2
97.8
102.3
96.6
98.0
98.0
101.5
100.0
99.0
102.2
96.8
91.6
93.8
99.0
93.8
79.9
84.6
78.2
79.9
98.7
107.4
98.7
95.8
100.6
97.8
99.1
99.4
103.4
100.0
98.4
101.6
94.4
89.8
92.9
98.8
91.6
74.5
82.3
76.1
78.9
105.4
105.2
96.3
105.7
108.9
92.2
93.8
92.6
93.8
100.0
101.2
104.9
106.2
98.8
97.5
100.0
102.5
101.2
93.8
86.4
84.0
.9
-2.7
-1.0
-4.2
-1.2
-4.1
-.3
-4.1
-1.1
-4.4
-1.3
-4.4
-.5
-4.1
1 Preliminary.
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
135
Chart 64. Aluminum rolling and drawing (SIC 3353, 3354, 3355): Output per hour and related
data, 1967—78
Ratio scale
200
-
—
180
160
140
120
100
-
80
-
60
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Lcbor
136
Table 124. Aluminum rolling and drawing (SIC 3353, 3354, 3355): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1958 .....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 .....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 .....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 .....................................
1967 .....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
63.8
68.9
65.2
71.7
77.8
86.3
91.7
100.5
101.1
100.0
104.5
107.4
109.6
119.9
140.5
154.7
157.9
142.5
166.0
163.7
166.2
64.9
67.8
66.3
72.2
78.4
86.5
91.9
100.0
99.4
100.0
105.9
108.1
114.4
124.9
141.3
154.1
159.2
152.4
168.9
164.5
166.9
59.3
73.3
61.5
69.6
76.1
85.3
91.0
103.1
109.2
100.0
99.0
102.0
93.1
102.9
136.9
157.0
153.1
112.0
154.6
160.2
163.5
63.5
70.1
66.0
72.8
78.5
87.2
93.3
103.8
104.5
100.0
103.4
107.8
106.4
115.3
141.3
156.6
155.1
134.5
162.9
162.4
165.0
64.6
69.3
67.3
73.7
79.1
87.7
93.6
104.0
103.3
100.0
103.7
108.5
109.8
118.2
141.7
155.5
154.4
140.6
163.5
161.9
164.3
59.4
73.3
61.5
69.5
76.5
85.7
91.8
103.4
109.2
100.0
102.2
104.7
95.3
105.3
139.5
161.4
157.8
115.7
160.2
164.8
168.1
5.2
1.8
5.3
1.7
4.8
1.9
5.0
1.7
5.0
1.6
5.1
1.9
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 125. Aluminum rolling and drawing (SIC 3353, 3354, 3355): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 .....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 .....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 .....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 ..............:.....................
1965 .....................................
1966 .....................................
1967 .....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 .....................................
1978 1 ..................................
Average annual percent
change:
195 8-7 8...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
48.4
63.1
56.5
61.7
69.5
77.0
85.1
97.2
107.6
100.0
111.0
119.5
112.5
120.9
146.1
174.0
165.2
115.7
155.2
164.8
181.2
75.9
91.6
86.6
86.0
89.3
89.2
92.8
96.7
106.4
100.0
106.2
111.3
102.6
100.8
104.0
112.5
104.6
81.2
93.5
100.7
109.0
74.6
93.0
85.2
85.4
88.7
89.0
92.6
97.2
108.3
100.0
104.8
110.5
98.3
96.8
103.4
112.9
103.8
75.9
91.9
100.2
108.6
81.6
86.1
91.8
88.7
91.3
90.3
93.5
94.3
98.5
100.0
112.1
117.1
120.8
117.5
106.7
110.8
107.9
103.3
100.4
102.9
110.8
76.2
90.0
85.6
84.7
88.5
88.3
91.2
93.6
103.0
100.0
107.3
110.9
105.7
104.9
103.4
111.1
106.5
86.0
95.3
101.5
109.8
74.9
91.1
84.0
83.7
87.9
87.8
90.9
93.5
104.2
100.0
107.0
110.1
102.5
102.3
103.1
111.9
107.0
82.3
94.9
101.8
110.3
81.5
86.1
91.8
88.8
90.9
89.9
92.7
94.0
98.5
100.0
108.6
114.1
118.0
114.8
104.7
107.8
104.7
100.0
96.9
100.0
107.8
6.2
1.4
1.0
-.4
.9
-.3
1.3
-.5
1.2
-.3
1.2
-.2
1.1
-.5
1 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census.
and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor
Employment
Statistics.
137
Chart 65. Metal cans (SIC 3411); Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
R a tio s c a l e
160
150
140
130
120
110
-
100
-
90
-
80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
138
Table 126. Metal cans (SIC 3411): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967--100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
73.2
77.5
80.9
79.5
83.4
86.3
88.3
93.2
90.2
89.6
91.5
94.1
96.7
100.0
104.5
107.1
105.4
105.1
108.0
109.2
113.3
116.0
124.8
131.0
135.1
73.7
77.9
81.0
80.0
84.3
86.7
88.8
93.8
90.3
89.9
92.2
95.6
96.7
100.0
104.6
107.7
106.7
107.0
109.1
109.9
116.0
121.0
129.5
135.6
140.6
70.0
74.5
79.9
75.2
76.7
83.3
83.8
89.3
89.2
86.8
87.1
83.3
96.6
100.0
104.5
102.9
96.6
92.3
100.5
104.6
96.6
88.8
98.1
104.7
104.8
@9.7
73.9
78.1
75.8
78.4
84.0
85.1
90.3
89.7
88.0
91.2
96.2
95.1
100.0
104.9
105.1
104.2
101.5
105.5
107.8
110.6
113.4
121.3
128.7
131.7
69.5
73.8
77.8
75.9
78.7
84.0
85.2
90.4
89.7
88.1
91.9
98.4
94.9
100.0
105.1
105.3
104.8
102.8
106.8
108.4
113.0
118.1
125.5
133.3
136.9
70.7
74.9
80.5
75.8
77.2
83.8
84.2
89.5
89.6
87.2
87.8
83.7
96.6
100.0
103.1
104.3
101.0
93.4
97.8
104.0
97.5
89.9
99.3
105.4
105.6
2.3
4.6
2.4
5.2
1.8
1.0
2.4
4.5
2.5
5.0
1.8
1.2
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961 .....................................
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966 ....................................
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971 ...... ..............................
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 ..................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78 ...............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 127. Metal cans (SIC 3411): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962 ....................................
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967 ....................................
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
1 Preliminary.
2 Less than .05 percent.
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
63.8
66.9
71.4
68.9
70.6
74.9
75.6
79.9
78.9
77.7
83.4
87.5
92.6
100.0
110.8
113.5
121.2
115.6
119.8
124.8
126.8
117.9
122.9
127.7
132.0
87.2
86.3
88.3
86.7
84.7
86.8
85.6
85.7
87.5
86.7
91.1
93.0
95.8
100.0
106.0
106.0
115.0
110.0
110.9
114.3
111.9
101.6
98.5
97.5
97.7
86.6
85.9
88.1
86.1
83.7
86.4
85.1
85.2
87.4
86.4
90.5
91.5
95.8
100.0
105.9
105.4
113.6
108.0
109.8
113.6
109.3
97.4
94.9
94.2
93.9
91.2
89.8
89.4
91.6
92.1
89.9
90.2
89.5
88.5
89.5
95.8
105.0
95.9
100.0
106.0
110.3
125.5
125.2
119.2
119.3
131.3
132.7
125.3
122.0
126.0
91.6
90.5
91.4
90.9
90.0
89.2
88.8
86.5
86.0
86.3
91.4
91.0
97.4
100.0
105.6
108.0
116.3
113.9
113.6
115.8
114.6
104.0
101.3
99.2
100.2
91.8
90.6
91.8
90.8
89.7
89.2
88.7
88.4
88.0
88.2
90.8
88.9
97.6
100.0
105.4
107.8
115.7
112.4
112.2
115.1
112.2
99.8
97.9
95.8
96.4
90.3
89.3
88.7
90.9
91.5
89.4
89.8
89.3
88.1
89.1
95.0
104.6
95.9
100.0
107.5
108.8
120.0
123.8
122.5
120.0
130.0
131.2
123.8
121.2
125.0
3.4
1.0
1.1
-3.5
1.0
-4.0
1.6
(2)
1.0
-3.3
.9
-3.9
1.7
-.2
S O U ftC f: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
139
Chart 66. Motors and generators (SIC 3621): Output per hour and related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
-
90
80
-
70
-
60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
- 1 60
160
150
140
130
120
no
100
90
80
H
70
60
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
140
Table 128. Motors and generators (SIC 3621): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-77
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
57.3
58.8
62.2
60.3
59.9
69.5
71.2
76,2
84.8
85.8
94.8
101.4
103.7
100.0
102.5
103.1
100.8
108.9
109.9
115.4
114.8
106.7
109.9
114.0
59.6
60.7
63.9
64.8
65.8
73.6
76.4
81.9
89.0
88.6
97.9
101.8
101,4
100.0
103.2
103.7
102.8
111.3
109.7
112.4
113.2
110.3
108.3
114.1
50.6
53.0
57.3
48.6
45.9
58.3
57.9
61.4
73.0
77.4
85.6
100.3
112.4
100.0
100.6
101.5
94.7
101.1
111.3
126.7
120.1
96.0
116.0
113.8
56.2
58.5
61.5
59.0
58.9
69.1
69.5
74.6
84.2
86.3
96.0
102.4
103.0
100.0
103.7
104.8
108.9
100.0
114.8
112.8
104.5
107.2
111.4
57.8
60.0
62.5
62.8
64.2
73.0
73.9
79.8
88.3
89.6
99.5
103.0
100.4
100.0
103.9
104.8
100.2
110.1
109.2
110.6
110.0
107.0
104.0
110.2
51.9
54.0
58.5
49.7
46.7
59.3
58.7
61.9
73.3
77.8
86.3
100.7
112.4
100.0
103.2
104.7
98.8
105.5
115.5
130.4
122.5
97.7
118.6
115.5
3.3
3.0
-.7
-.1
4.4
-2.5
3.3
-1.1
3.0
-.6
4.4
-2.7
Index:
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
....................................
....................................
....................................
....... ..................... .......
....................................
............... ....................
............................... .
....................................
................................. .
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
..................................
....................................
................. ..................
.................................. .
..................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ...... ..............................
1977 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-77 ...............................
1973-77 ......... .....................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
99.9
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 129. Motors and generators (SIC 3621): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-77
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 .............. .....................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ............................. .......
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ......................... ..........
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-77...............................
1973-77 .............. ................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
55.8
58.7
67.0
61.4
48.8
61.0
62.7
63.4
70.1
72.1
80.7
92.6
102.6
100.0
100.6
101.7
92.0
90.5
88.6
102.4
100.2
76.0
86.2
97.0
97.4
99.9
107.7
101.8
81.5
87.8
88.0
83.2
82.7
84.0
85.1
91.3
98.9
100.0
98.1
98.6
91.3
83.1
80.6
88.7
87.3
71.2
78.4
85.1
93.6
96.7
104.9
94.7
74.2
82.9
82.1
77.4
78.8
81.4
82.4
91.0
101.2
100.0
97.5
98.1
89.5
81.3
80.8
91.1
88.5
68.9
79.6
85.0
110.3
110.7
117.0
126.3
106.3
104.7
108.3
103.2
96.0
93.1
94.3
92.3
91.3
100.0
100.0
100.2
97.2
89.5
79.6
80.8
83.4
79.2
74.3
85.2
99.3
100.4
109.0
104.0
82.9
88.3
90.2
85.0
83.3
83.5
84.1
90.4
99.6
100.0
97.0
97.0
92.1
83.1
88.6
89.2
88.8
72.7
80.4
87.1
96.6
97.8
107.2
97.7
76.0
83.6
84.8
79.4
79.4
80.5
81.1
89.9
102.2
100.0
96.8
97.0
91.8
82.2
81.1
92.6
91.1
71.0
82.9
88.0
107.6
108.7
114.5
123.6
104.4
102.9
106.9
102.5
95.6
92.7
93.5
92.0
91.3
100.0
97.5
97.1
93.1
85.8
76.7
78.5
81.8
77.8
72.7
84.0
2.6
-2.6
-.7
-1.9
-.4
-2.4
-1.7
-.1
-.6
-1.5
-.3
-1.9
-1.7
.2
1 Preliminary.
based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census. Employment and hours
141
Chart 67. Major household appliances (SIC 3631, 3632, 3633, 3639): Output per hour and
related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1967=100)
RotJo scale
- i 180
160
140
120
100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
Source — Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
142
Table 130. Major household appliances (SIC 3631, 3632, 3633, 3639): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-78
(1967 =10 0)
Output per employee 1
Output per hou r1
Year
Index:
1958
1959
I9 6 0
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
....................................
..............................
....................................
....................................
..............................
....... .............................
..............................
..............................
.....................................
..............................
............................
....................................
..............................
............................
1972
..........................
1973
..........................
1974 ....................................
1975
1976
1977
1978 2
Average annual percent
change:
..........................
1958-78
..........................
1973-78
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
58.3
63.6
66.3
70.6
76.8
87.7
91.4
94.2
94.5
100.0
105.2
108.8
106.3
121.4
133.0
135.1
134.9
140.7
145.2
150.4
154.6
61.3
65.1
68.9
73.7
78.3
87.8
91.1
94.3
93.2
100.0
104.4
109.6
107.3
123.0
132.7
134.4
136.7
145.2
149.5
150.7
154.1
48.0
57.4
56.9
59.5
70.8
87.3
92.3
93.6
100.2
100.0
108.9
106.0
102.0
114.5
134.4
138.7
127.8
124.3
129.5
148.7
157.1
59.4
64.4
65.9
71.4
79.5
89.5
93.9
97.7
96.1
100.0
107.0
109.0
107.5
122.7
134.4
135.9
132.1
136.7
142.7
148.9
151.0
4.9
3.0
4.8
2.9
5.4
3.2
4.7
2.7
N o n p r o d u c t io n w o rk -
Production workers
49.0
58.4
57.6
59.8
71.1
87.6
92.9
94.0
100.0
100.0
111.9
109.4
106.4
119.6
139.5
142.7
130.2
126.8
132.5
150.7
159.6
62.7
66.1
68.2
75.0
81.6
89.8
94.2
98.5
95.0
100.0
105.9
109.0
107.8
123.4
133.3
134.3
132.7
139.4
145.6
148.4
149.1
5.5
3.0
4.5
2.6
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
Table 131. Major household appliances (SIC 3631, 3632, 3633, 3639): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-78
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 .....................................
1963 ....... .............................
1964 ...................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ...................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ...................................
1971 ...................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ...................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
1
2
Preliminary.
Less than .05 percent.
Output
53.9
62.8
62.5
61.8
69.3
76.9
85.4
92.6
97.5
All employees
Production workers
92.4
98.8
94.3
87.5
90.2
87.7
93.4
98.3
103.2
87.9
96.4
90.7
83.8
88.5
87.6
93.7
98.2
104.6
Nonproduction
workers
1 1 2 .2
All employees
90.7
97.5
94.8
86.5
87.2
85.9
90.9
94.8
101.5
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
8 6 .0
1 1 0 .1
95.0
91.6
82.4
84.9
85.6
90.7
94.0
1 0 2 .6
107.5
108.5
103.4
97.5
87.8
91.9
98.5
97.5
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
110.9
110.9
106.9
105.4
101.9
106.2
1 0 1 .8
1 0 1 .2
1 0 0 .6
99.6
82.2
88.3
94.7
83.2
72.1
77.8
87.3
89.5
104.6
104.8
88.3
87.2
91.8
89.0
84.2
89.8
88.5
87.8
103.6
101.7
99.4
82.4
87.2
93.7
104.7
101.7
99.2
81.9
87.9
94.8
85.7
75.1
79.9
88.7
92.5
99.1
101.4
100.5
84.5
84.0
89.2
87.3
82.6
87.8
87.3
86.4
1 0 1 .1
83.3
117.2
127.3
113.7
104.7
116.3
131.6
137.9
8 8 .1
4.2
2.7
94.2
84.3
74.4
80.1
87.5
89.2
-.6
-.5
-.2
-.2
109.4
109.9
103.9
97.9
8 8 .1
92.5
98.9
97.3
- 1.1
-.5
8 6 .1
76.6
81.5
88.4
91.3
-.4
(2)
-.2
.1
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
143
-
1.1
-.3
Chart 68. Household cooking equipment (SIC 3631): Output per hour and related data,
1 9 6 7 -7 8
Ratio scale
260
240
220
200
180
160
H 140
120
100
80
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
H 120
100
—1 80
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
—
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
144
100
80
Table 132. Household cooking equipment (SIC 3631): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ...............................
1973-78 ...............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
79.4
83.4
81.5
84.4
87.4
95.5
96.4
101.2
100.1
100.0
108.4
113.4
110.2
120.4
128.9
134.9
138.4
152.8
156.1
153.3
167.4
80.2
82.9
85.7
88.0
91.1
94.9
97.4
100.0
98.7
100.0
107.5
114.8
111.8
122.3
128.6
134.0
144.1
161.4
164.6
161.1
172.6
76.0
85.7
68.2
73.0
75.5
98.2
92.9
106.1
106.4
100.0
111.9
108.2
104.4
113.5
130.3
138.6
119.8
126.7
130.1
129.0
150.1
81.1
85.3
81.2
84.7
85.9
97.9
96.8
104.0
102.2
100.0
110.9
114.7
111.5
122.9
132.4
138.6
134.6
147.6
154.7
152.1
164.2
82.1
84.6
85.3
88.3
89.2
97.6
97.7
103.5
101.2
100.0
109.9
115.7
112.3
124.2
131.5
137.6
138.6
153.8
162.0
159.1
167.8
77.6
87.3
69.0
73.4
75.8
98.8
94.0
106.1
106.1
100.0
114.7
111.4
108.7
118.1
135.7
142.1
121.5
128.8
132.9
131.2
152.6
3.8
4.1
3,9
4.7
3.4
1.9
3.7
3.7
3.7
4.3
3.5
1.8
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 133. Household cooking equipment (SIC 3631): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959
1960
1961
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972 ....................................
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ...............................
1973-78 ...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
72.3
79.4
80.0
78.4
79.2
92.1
94.0
106.1
103.7
100.0
114.7
121.5
118.6
128.9
151.2
171.2
146.4
134.6
175.1
187.9
215.0
91.1
95.2
98.2
92.9
90.6
96.4
97.5
104.8
103.6
100.0
105.8
107.1
107.6
107.1
117.3
126.9
105.8
88.1
112.2
122.6
128.4
90.1
95.8
93.3
89.1
86.9
97.1
96.5
106.1
105.1
100.0
106.7
105.8
106.1
105.4
117.6
127.8
101.6
83.4
106.4
116.6
124.6
95.1
92.6
117.3
107.4
104.9
93.8
101.2
100.0
97.5
100.0
102.5
112.3
113.6
113.6
116.0
123.5
122.2
106.2
134.6
145.7
143.2
89.2
93.1
98.5
92.6
92.2
94.1
97.1
102.0
101.5
100.0
103.4
105.9
106.4
104.9
114.2
123.5
108.8
91.2
113.2
123.5
130.9
88.1
93.8
93.8
88.8
88.8
94.4
96.2
102.5
102.5
100.0
104.4
105.0
105.6
103.8
115.0
124.4
105.6
87.5
108.1
118.1
128.1
93.2
90.9
115.9
106.8
104.5
93.2
100.0
100.0
97.7
100.0
100.0
109.1
109.1
109.1
111.4
120.5
120.5
104.5
131.8
143.2
140.9
5.1
6.3
1.3
2.1
1.1
1.5
1.7
4.4
1.4
2.6
1.3
2.0
1.6
4.5
1 Preliminary.
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
145
Chart 69. Household refrigerators and freezers (SIC 3632): Output per hour and related data,
1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1 9 6 7 = 1 0 0 )
Ratio scale
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
no
100
90
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
146
Table 134. Household refrigerators and freezers (SIC 3632): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-78
(1967=100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hou r1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
50.1
55.0
60.5
64.6
69.7
81.9
87.8
90.7
91.7
100.0
104.6
109.5
105.8
128.8
141.7
141.3
143.1
139.9
139.6
148.6
149.9
51.8
54.8
61.0
65.5
69.0
82.7
87.5
90.7
90.4
100.0
104.3
110.5
107.0
129.6
140.6
141.9
145.0
145.2
145.0
148.4
148.5
43.0
55.9
57.5
60.1
73.8
78.4
89.2
90.7
99.2
100.0
106.0
104.5
100.8
125.4
147.1
138.4
133.5
118.0
118.2
149.5
156.6
51.3
56.6
60.1
65.8
75.1
84.3
91.4
95.3
93.4
100.0
106.9
111.0
108.1
129.9
143.9
143.2
145.2
137.6
136.7
148.2
146.0
53.2
56.5
60.4
67.1
75.2
85.4
91.8
96.1
92.2
100.0
106.4
111.6
108.7
129.4
142.1
143.0
147.4
141.5
140.5
147.3
143.5
44.1
57.1
58.6
60.4
74.3
78.9
89.9
91.4
99.4
100.0
109.3
108.2
105.4
131.8
153.1
143.4
136.0
120.9
121.0
152.2
159.0
5.7
1.2
5.7
.9
5.6
2.8
5.4
.4
5.4
(3)
5.7
2.5
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ................ ...................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ............................... .
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
3 Less than .05 percent.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 135. Household refrigerators and freezers (SIC 3632): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967= 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 .....................................
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 ......... .......................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
40.2
50.2
53.4
51.8
59.6
68.5
79.0
87.4
95.0
100.0
110.5
107.0
99.6
79.6
92.5
94.5
89.6
89.0
86.4
100.3
101.3
80.2
91.3
88.3
80.2
85.5
83.6
90.0
96.4
103.6
100.0
105.6
97.7
94.1
61.8
65.3
66.9
62.6
63.6
61.9
67.5
67.6
77.6
91.6
87.5
79.1
86.4
82.8
90.3
96.4
105.1
100.0
105.9
96.8
93.1
61.4
65.8
66.6
61.8
61.3
59.6
67.6
68.2
93.4
89.8
92.8
86.2
80.8
87.4
88.6
96.4
95.8
100.0
104.2
102.4
98.8
63.5
62.9
68.3
67.1
75.4
73.1
67.1
64.7
78.3
88.7
88.9
78.7
79.4
81.3
86.4
91.7
101.7
100.0
103.4
96.4
92.1
61.3
64.3
66.0
61.7
64.7
63.2
67.7
69.4
75.6
88.8
88.4
77.2
79.3
80.2
86.1
90.9
103.0
100.0
103.9
95.9
91.6
61.5
65.1
66.1
60.8
62.9
61.5
68.1
70.6
91.2
87.9
91.2
85.7
80.2
86.8
87.9
95.6
95.6
100.0
101.1
98.9
94.5
60.4
60.4
65.9
65.9
73.6
71.4
65.9
63.7
3.7
1.9
-1.9
.7
-1.9
1.0
-1.8
-.9
-1.7
1.5
-1.6
1.9
-1.9
-.6
1 Preliminary.
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
147
Chart 70. Household laundry equipment (SIC 3633): Output per hour and related data,
1 9 6 7 -7 8
Ratio scale
150
140
.30
.20
110
100
90
80
70
60
150
140
130
120
1 .0
100
90
80
70
—1 60
150
140
.30
.20
.10
100
90
dO
70
- 1 60
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source -
Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
148
Table 136. Household laundry equipment (SIC 3633): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-78
(1967=100)
Output per hou r1
Output per employee 1
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ........................... .........
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ...
1974 ...
1975 ...
1976 ...
1977 ...
1978 2
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
59.3
64.5
63.3
69.2
76.8
91.4
90.5
91.6
94.7
100.0
102.8
103.4
105.4
116.6
123.9
131.5
126.0
138.5
145.9
146.1
138.2
64.4
68.9
68.8
75.8
82.6
90.5
89.0
94.8
94.6
100.0
101.1
102.5
105.9
116.5
121.6
128.6
126.3
139.2
146.3
143.0
133.3
44.7
50.9
47.7
50.8
59.6
95.0
97.4
80.4
95.1
100.0
110.4
107.0
103.0
117.3
134.7
144.5
125.2
135.0
144.4
160.3
162.7
61.7
65.7
63.7
70.7
78.9
93.9
94.2
95.5
97.0
100.0
104.2
101.8
106.1
120.4
125.2
132.6
119.9
132.6
143.2
143.5
137.2
67.7
70.4
69.0
78.1
85.6
93.7
93.4
99.9
97.7
100.0
102.3
99.8
105.6
119.8
122.1
129.0
118.1
131.3
142.1
139.6
131.7
45.6
51.9
48.4
51.0
60.0
94.6
97.7
81.1
94.6
100.0
113.0
111.0
108.1
122.7
139.4
149.5
127.9
137.7
147.6
161.8
163.8
4.6
2.2
4.0
1.7
6.5
4.1
4.3
2.3
3.6
2.0
6.5
3.6
1
The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 137. Household laundry equipment (SIC 3633): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ......... ...........................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
AH employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
68.4
76.7
67.1
68.4
75.0
77.4
86.6
90.3
101.0
100.0
110.4
111.0
105.6
114.4
133.1
142.8
122.1
103.3
114.1
128.6
126.6
115.3
118.9
106.0
98.8
97.6
84.7
95.7
98.6
106.7
100.0
107.4
107.4
100.2
98.1
107.4
108.6
96.9
74.6
78.2
88.0
91.6
106.2
111.3
97.6
90.2
90.8
85.5
97.3
95.3
106.8
100.0
109.2
108.3
99.7
98.2
109.5
111.0
96.7
74.2
78.0
89.9
95.0
153.1
150.6
140.7
134.6
125.9
81.5
88.9
112.3
106.2
100.0
100.0
103.7
102.5
97.5
98.8
98.8
97.5
76.5
79.0
80.2
77.8
110.8
116.7
105.4
96.8
95.0
82.4
91.9
94.6
104.1
100.0
105.9
109.0
99.5
95.0
106.3
107.7
101.8
77.9
79.7
89.6
92.3
101.1
109.0
97.2
87.6
87.6
82.6
92.7
90.4
103.4
100.0
107.9
111.2
100.0
95.5
109.0
110.7
103.4
78.7
80.3
92.1
96.1
150.0
147.7
138.6
134.1
125.0
81.8
88.6
111.4
106.8
100.0
97.7
100.0
97.7
93.2
95.5
95.5
95.5
75.0
77.3
79.5
77.3
3.5
-1.0
-1.0
-3.1
-.5
-2.7
-2.8
-4.9
-.7
-3.2
-.1
-2.9
-2.8
-4.4
1 Preliminary.
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
149
Chart 71. Household appliances not elsewhere classified (SIC 3639): Output per hour and
related data, 1967—78
(
1967- 100)
Ratio scale
- i 200
180
160
140
-
120
-
100
80
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
200
180
160
140
120
100
- 1 80
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
150
Table 138. Household appliances not elsewhere classified (SIC 3639): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee,
1958-78
(1967=100)
Output per ho u r1
Output per employee 1
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ................................... .
1972 ...... ..............................
1973 ....................................
1974 ............................... .
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ...............................
1973-78...............................
All employees
Production workers
64.2
72.6
76.2
80.7
89.9
94.4
102.2
104.2
97.0
100.0
107.2
108.1
104.0
112.7
134.2
126.7
125.9
132.9
140.3
154.9
165.7
3.9
5.9
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
69.8
79.6
79.7
85.6
91.1
93.7
101.4
101.0
94.4
100.0
105.6
108.6
103.3
113.7
133.7
120.4
118.7
130.6
134.4
144.3
157.0
50.9
56.4
66.6
68.0
86.6
96.6
104.6
116.1
106.5
100.0
112.6
106.3
106.3
109.9
135.7
152.8
156.5
141.2
164.3
204.9
203.0
62.2
68.3
74.1
79.5
87.9
92.5
100.2
102.6
96.6
100.0
106.5
105.8
101.6
109.0
129.9
119.2
118.5
126.4
135.0
150.0
156.0
67.1
73.4
77.0
84.1
88.4
91.4
99.0
98.5
93.9
100.0
104.1
104.5
99.0
107.4
126.8
110.4
109.2
121.8
127.0
136.7
144.4
51.2
56.7
66.9
68.3
86.6
96.2
104.1
116.6
105.4
100.0
113.9
109.7
110.1
113.6
139.8
155.6
158.0
142.3
165.6
209.1
204.6
3.3
5.7
6.0
7.0
3.8
6.2
3.1
6.1
6.1
7.0
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 139. Household appliances not elsewhere classified (SIC 3639): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees,
1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ...................................
1959 .....................................
I9 6 0 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ..................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ............
1973 ...........
1974 ...........
1975 ...........
1976 ...........
1977 ...........
1978 1 ..................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78 ...............................
1973-78
......................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
67.8
73.4
70.8
72.3
86.6
90.5
98.0
99.5
93.0
100.0
107.2
109.7
119.8
120.3
135.7
160.1
144.1
125.5
146.1
172.3
180.5
105.6
101.1
92.9
89.6
96.3
95.9
95.9
95.5
95.9
100.0
100.0
101.5
115.2
106.7
101.1
126.4
114.5
94.4
104.1
111.2
108.9
97.1
92.2
88.8
84.5
95.1
96.6
96.6
98.5
98.5
100.0
101.5
101.0
116.0
105.8
101.5
133.0
121.4
96.1
108.7
119.4
115.0
133.3
130.2
106.3
106.3
100.0
93.7
93.7
85.7
87.3
100.0
95.2
103.2
112.7
109.5
100.0
104.8
92.1
88.9
88.9
84.1
88.9
109.0
107.5
95.5
91.0
98.5
97.8
97.8
97.0
96.3
100.0
100.7
103.7
117.9
110.4
104.5
134.3
121.6
99.3
108.2
114.9
115.7
101.0
100.0
92.0
86.0
98.0
99.0
99.0
101.0
99.0
100.0
103.0
105.0
121.0
112.0
107.0
145.0
132.0
103.0
115.0
126.0
125.0
132.4
129.4
105.9
105.9
100.0
94.1
94.1
85.3
88.2
100.0
94.1
100.0
108.8
105.9
97.1
102.9
91.2
88.2
88.2
82.4
88.2
4.7
3.7
.8
-2.1
1.4
-1.9
-1.2
-3.1
.9
-2.3
1.6
-2.2
-1.3
-3.0
1 Preliminary.
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
151
Chart 72. Electric lamps (SIC 3641): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
(
1967= 100)
Ratio scale
- i 140
130
120
110
100
90
- >
80
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
152
Table 140. Electric lamps (SIC 3641): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1 9 6 7 -1 0 0 )
Output per employee 1
Output per ho u r1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
71.4
76.1
79.4
76.4
78.8
84.2
86.4
85.1
90.5
92.4
95.5
101.5
102.1
100.0
103.4
102.3
101.0
100.1
106.2
104.0
104.5
113.3
119.7
116.3
119.6
72.5
76.7
79.2
77.9
81.7
85.8
87.9
86.8
91.7
93.1
96.3
101.5
101.4
100.0
103.3
102.9
100.7
100.2
105.7
103.0
105.0
114.8
120.5
117.2
120.2
64.5
71.9
81.4
66.9
62.0
73.9
77.1
74.0
81.7
88.2
90.3
101.4
107.5
100.0
104.1
97.9
104.1
98.9
109.4
112.1
100.2
103.5
113.7
110.3
114.4
70.6
77.0
81.3
76.7
78.5
86.6
85.8
85.6
91.9
93.9
96.7
104.2
104.9
100.0
104.4
102.3
102.8
100.7
108.5
106.4
104.7
114.1
123.8
119.3
124.1
71.3
77.5
81.1
78.1
81.1
88.4
87.0
87.3
93.4
94.8
97.7
104.6
104.5
100.0
104.3
102.7
102.2
100.5
107.9
105.3
105.0
115.3
124.8
120.2
125.0
65.6
73.1
82.8
68.1
63.1
75.1
77.9
74.3
81.7
88.3
90.3
101.4
107.5
100.0
104.9
99.8
107.3
101.9
112.7
115.1
102.4
105.7
116.3
112.7
116.9
2.0
3.1
1.9
3.3
2.4
1.4
2.0
3.6
2.0
3.9
2.4
1.3
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 .......................... ..........
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ...............:....................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-78...............................
1973-78 ...............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary,
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 141. Electric lamps (SIC 3641): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
70.4
73.7
80.0
82.8
72.6
80.9
79.7
75.2
79.8
82.1
83.6
88.3
97.9
100.0
106.2
104.4
106.2
106.6
113.6
123.6
114.0
97.7
103.9
105.9
106.9
69.4
73.1
80.2
81.3
70.0
79.4
78.4
73.7
78.7
81.5
82.9
88.3
98.6
100.0
106.3
103.8
106.6
106.5
114.1
124.8
113.4
96.4
103.2
105.1
106.3
78.0
78.0
78.0
94.6
92.2
92.2
89.4
86.5
88.4
86.1
88.4
88.4
93.0
100.0
105.5
109.1
103.1
107.9
110.2
114.6
118.9
107.0
109.4
111.7
111.7
71.2
72.9
78.1
82.5
72.9
78.6
80.3
74.8
78.6
80.8
82.5
86.0
95.3
100.0
105.2
104.4
104.4
106.0
111.2
120.8
113.7
97.0
100.5
103.3
103.0
70.5
72.4
78.3
81.1
70.5
77.0
79.2
73.3
77.3
80.1
81.7
85.7
95.7
100.0
105.3
104.0
105.0
106.2
111.8
122.0
113.4
96.0
99.7
102.5
102.2
76.7
76.7
76.7
93.0
90.7
90.7
88.4
86.1
88.4
86.0
88.4
88.4
93.0
100.0
104.7
107.0
100.0
104.7
107.0
111.6
116.3
104.7
107.0
109.3
109.3
2.0
-2.5
2.1
-2.7
1.6
-.8
1.9
-3.0
2.0
-3.2
1.5
-.8
Index:
..........................
.......................
..................................
1957
...................................
1958 .....................................
1959
................................
1960
................................
1961
..............................
................................
1962
1963
................................
1964
................................
1965
................................
1966
.............................
1967
................................
1968 .....................................
1969
...........................
1970
................................
1971
................................
1972
............................
1973
................................
1974
................................
1975 .................................
1976
................................
1977
..............................
1978 1 ................................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-78
...........................
1973-78...............................
1954
1955
1956
50.3
56.1
63.5
63.3
57.2
68.1
68.9
64.0
72.2
75.9
79.8
89.6
100.0
100.0
109.8
106.8
107.3
106.7
120.6
128.5
119.1
110.7
124.4123.2
127.8
4.0
.5
1 Preliminary
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
153
Chart 73. Lighting fixture* (SIC 3645, 3647, 3648): Output per hour and related data,
1967- 78
(1967=100)
Ratio seal
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
H 80
70
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , US. Department o f Labor
154
Table 142. Lighting fixtures (SIC 3645, 3646, 3647, 3648): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1961-77
(1967=100)
Output per ho u r1
Output per employee 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
83.6
91.1
91.0
93.0
97.4
100.5
100.0
102.9
108.1
105.4
113.0
122.4
126.0
121.2
119.1
128.3
128.9
82.6
89.5
90.4
93.4
95.4
99.1
100.0
104.0
109.9
109.3
116.1
124.9
126.6
125.1
125.7
131.4
134.1
87.4
97.3
93.7
92.3
105.1
105.8
100.0
99.0
102.1
93.3
102.5
114.2
123.4
108.7
99.4
117.9
112.9
82.1
90.4
91.4
92.6
98.7
100.1
100.0
104.3
108.5
105.5
111.1
122.7
125.2
118.9
115.6
124.5
125.9
80.5
88.3
90.5
92.5
96.9
98.5
100.0
105.0
109.4
108.1
112.4
123.8
124.6
121.4
120.7
125.7
129.6
88.0
98.1
94.3
93.0
105.8
106.1
100.0
101.9
105.6
97.7
107.2
118.8
127.3
111.0
101.0
120.4
114.9
2.7
1.0
3.0
1.7
1.3
-1.0
2.5
.6
2.8
1.1
1.5
-1.2
Index:
1961 .....................................
1962 .....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ............................ ........
1973 ....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1961-77...............................
1973-77 ...............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Table 143. Lighting fixtures (SIC 3645, 3646, 3647, 3648): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1961-77
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1961 ....................................
1962 .....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 ....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1961-77 ...............................
1973-77 ...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
63.3
72.6
76.2
81.6
94.2
100.3
100.0
107.5
120.8
112.4
116.7
135.9
146.5
124.6
103.1
117.9
130.6
75.7
79.7
83.7
87.7
96.7
99.8
100.0
104.5
111.7
106.6
103.3
111.0
116.3
102.8
86.6
91.9
101.3
76.6
81.1
84.3
87.4
98.7
101.2
100.0
103.4
109.9
102.8
100.5
108.8
115.7
99.6
82.0
89.7
97.4
72.4
74.6
81.3
88.4
89.6
94.8
100.0
108.6
118.3
120.5
113.8
119.0
118.7
114.6
103.7
100.0
115.7
77.1
80.3
83.4
88.1
95.4
100.2
100.0
103.1
111.3
106.5
105.0
110.8
117.0
104.8
89.2
94.7
103.7
4.0
-2.8
1.3
-3.8
1.0
-4.4
2.7
-1.9
1.5
-3.4
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
155
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
78.6
82.2
84.2
88.2
97.2
101.8
100.0
102.4
110.4
104.0
103.8 *
109.8
117.6
102.6
85.4
93.8
100.8
71.9
74.0
80.8
87.7
89.0
94.5
100.0
105.5
114.4
115.1
108.9
114.4
115.1
112.3
102.1
97.9
113.7
1.2
-3.9
2.5
-1.6
Chart 74. Radio and television receiving sets (SIC 3651 )'• Output per hour and related data
1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
-
- 1 40
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
-
- 1 40
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
-
-
*
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
156
40
Table 144. Radio and television receiving sets (SIC 3651): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1958-77
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
62.9
67.2
68.8
70.5
78.5
87.4
87.2
95.5
98.4
100.0
106.7
102.8
106.2
111.6
132.2
128.7
124.4
125.7
137.3
136.3
66.2
69.0
72.3
75.1
81.1
87.9
87.3
94.3
95.9
100.0
108.2
105.8
115.6
118.8
136.0
131.4
132.3
137.7
151.6
148.1
50.5
59.8
55.8
54.1
67.9
85.2
86.5
102.3
112.5
100.0
100.2
90.3
75.9
86.0
116.1
117.3
95.9
88.2
93.9
98.1
63.7
68.1
69.4
69.8
79.2
88.4
89.7
99.5
100.4
100.0
107.3
104.1
107.2
112.6
132.5
127.8
119.3
122.5
135.2
132.2
67.1
69.8
73.0
74.2
82.0
88.9
90.2
98.8
98.1
100.0
108.3
106.8
115.9
118.9
135.3
129.2
125.1
132.9
148.3
142.3
51.5
60.9
56.6
54.4
68.3
85.5
87.3
102.8
112.6
100.0
102.9
93.2
79.3
89.8
120.5
120.9
97.7
89.8
96.1
99.6
4.2
2.1
4.5
3.8
3.1
-3.7
4.0
2.0
4.2
3.7
3.2
-4.0
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ............................... .
1968 .................................. .
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-77...............................
1973-77 .:.............................
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the Census
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Table 145. Radio and television receiving sets (SIC 3651): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1958-77
(1967 = 100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-77...............................
1973-77...............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
36.3
43.7
42.7
45.9
56.3
61.5
66.5
85.4
111.9
100.0
103.4
94.1
82.4
86.7
98.2
100.8
89.6
72.3
82.9
84.1
57.7
65.0
62.1
65.1
71.7
70.4
76.3
89.4
113.7
100.0
96.9
91.5
77.6
77.7
74.3
78.3
72.0
57.5
60.4
61.7
54.8
63.3
59.1
61.1
69.4
70.0
76.2
90.6
116.7
100.0
95.6
88.9
71.3
73.0
72.2
76.7
67.7
52.5
54.7
56.8
71.9
73.1
76.5
84.8
82.9
72.2
76.9
83.5
99.5
100.0
103.2
104.2
108.5
100.8
84.6
85.9
93.4
82.0
88.3
85.7
57.0
64.2
61.5
65.8
71.1
69.6
74.1
85.8
111.5
100.0
96.4
90.4
76.9
77.0
74.1
78.9
75.1
59.0
61.3
63.6
54.1
62.6
58.5
61.9
68.7
69.2
73.7
86.4
114.1
100.0
95.5
88.1
71.1
72.9
72.6
78.0
71.6
54.4
55.9
59.1
70.5
71.7
75.5
84.3
82.4
71.9
76.2
83.1
99.4
100.0
100.5
101.0
103.9
96.6
81.5
83.4
91.7
80.5
86.3
84.4
4.2
-4.3
(1)
-6.3
-.2
-7.8
1.1
-.6
.2
-6.1
(1)
-7.7
1.0
-.4
1 Less than .05 percent.
SOURCE: Output, employment, and hours based on data from the Bureau of the
Employees
Output
Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
157
Chart 75. Motor vehicles and equipment (SIC 371): Output per hour and related data,
1 9 6 7 -7 8
Ratio scale
200
180
160
H 140
120
H 100
80
60
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
—1 60
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
158
Table 146. Motor vehicles and equipment (SIC 371): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1957-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 1
Output per hour 1
Year
Index:
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ............. ......................
1962 .......... .........................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ............ .......................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ......................:.............
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1957-78 ...............................
1973-78...............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
68.9
66.9
73.3
79.6
80.6
88.4
91.9
92.8
99.0
99.5
100.0
108.3
106.2
101.8
118.2
122.1
123.9
118.8
127.1
136.0
144.7
142.3
67.6
69.2
72.5
78.5
81.9
87.2
90.4
91.9
96.0
97.9
100.0
106.0
105.0
103.0
117.0
120.3
122.1
120.6
128.1
134.4
142.4
139.8
73.3
60.5
75.9
83.1
76.7
92.6
96.7
96.1
110.1
105.9
100.0
116.1
110.4
97.7
122.3
128.1
129.8
113.1
123.8
141.9
152.8
150.7
68.9
65.3
73.7
79.8
79.4
91.6
95.5
97.0
105.8
103.8
100.0
113.5
108.5
100.4
118.7
127.5
131.0
118.2
125.2
142.3
154.8
150.3
67.7
67.3
73.0
78.9
80.4
91.2
94.9
96.8
103.9
102.6
100.0
112.0
107.4
101.8
118.1
126.8
130.2
120.0
126.5
141.1
153.5
148.4
73.3
59.6
76.4
83.3
75.8
93.2
97.9
97.4
112.4
108.3
100.0
119.1
112.5
95.9
120.7
129.9
133.7
112.9
120.9
146.2
159.6
156.9
3.5
3.9
3.5
3.5
3.6
5.2
3.7
4.8
3.7
4.4
3.7
6.0
Manufacturers Association of the U.S., Inc.; the Gousha/Times Mirror Company (Automobile
Invoice Service); Ward’s Communications, Inc. (Ward’s Automotive Yearbooks); the Bureau
of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours based on data
from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and company records.
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from company records; the Motor Vehicle
Table 147. Motor vehicles and equipment (SIC 371): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1957-78
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ............................... .
1965 ....................................
1966 .......... .........................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975
1976
1977
1978
Average annual percent
change:
1957-78 ...............................
1973-78 ...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
65.0
48.6
62.6
70.9
61.5
77.7
86.8
89.5
109.3
109.7
100.0
121.6
121.2
98.3
123.4
136.7
156.8
131.6
121.6
153.7
178.8
183.7
94.4
72.6
85.4
89.1
76.3
87.9
94.5
96.4
110.4
110.2
100.0
112.3
114.1
96.6
104.4
112.0
126.6
110.8
95.7
113.0
123.6
129.1
96.2
70.2
86.4
90.3
75.1
89.1
96.0
97.4
113.8
112.1
100.0
114.7
115.4
95.4
105.5
113.6
128.4
109.1
94.9
114.4
125.6
131.4
88.7
80.3
82.5
85.3
80.2
83.9
89.8
93.1
99.3
103.6
100.0
104.7
109.8
100.6
100.9
106.7
120.8
116.4
98.2
108.3
117.0
121.9
94.3
74.4
84.9
88.8
77.5
84.8
90.9
92.3
103.3
105.7
100.0
107.1
111.7
97.9
104.0
107.2
119.7
111.3
97.1
108.0
115.5
122.2
96.0
* 72.2
85.8
89.9
76.5
85.2
91.5
92.5
105.2
106.9
100.0
108.6
112.9
96.6
104.5
107.8
120.4
109.7
96.1
108.9
116.5
123.8
88.7
81.5
81.9
85.1
81.1
83.4
88.7
91.9
97.2
101.3
100.0
102.1
107.7
102.5
102.2
105.2
117.3
116.6
100.6
105.1
112.0
117.1
5.4
5.7
1.9
1.7
1.9
2.1
1.8
.5
1.7
.9
1.7
1.3
1.7
-.2
1 Preliminary.
Yearbooks); the Bureau of the Census; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. EmSOURCE: Output based on data from company records; the Motor Vehicle
ployment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and comManufacturers Association of the U.S., Inc.; the Gousha/Times Mirror Company
pany records.
(Automobile Invoice Service); Ward’s Communications, Inc. (Ward’s Automotive
159
Chart 76. Railroad transportation, revenue traffic (SIC 401): Output per hour and related
data, 1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
L60
L50
140
L30
L20
110
100
H 90
80
70
- 1 60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
-*
60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
160
Table 148. Railroad transportation, revenue traffic (SIC 401)1: Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Output per employee 2
Output per hour 1
2
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
I960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 .................................. .
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ...................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 3 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
48.9
51.9
52.9
53.0
56.9
60.7
62.4
67.4
72.3
76.0
80.9
90.1
97.2
100.0
105.3
109.3
107.6
111.9
121.7
133.2
129.6
123.9
131.9
138.4
155.3
47.5
50.3
51.4
51.8
56.2
60.0
61.9
67.2
72.0
75.7
80.6
90.2
97.2
100.0
105.5
109.5
108.0
112.9
123.2
134.4
130.8
126.3
133.9
140.4
158.1
63.4
67.2
67.4
64.7
62.5
66.7
66.7
69.2
74.8
78.5
83.3
89.4
96.9
100.0
103.8
107.3
104.1
104.6
112.2
123.9
121.2
107.8
117.8
125.3
136.7
49.9
53.8
54.6
54.1
57.7
61.9
63.2
68.1
73.6
77.8
83.9
92.5
99.3
100.0
106.5
110.4
108.5
108.2
120.9
130.9
128.4
120.2
129.5
135.9
153.0
48.4
52.1
53.0
52.6
56.7
60.8
62.2
67.3
72.8
77.0
83.1
91.9
98.9
100.0
106.7
110.8
109.1
108.9
122.3
132.1
129.9
122.5
131.6
138.1
156.1
66.5
72.7
73.1
70.1
67.7
72.4
72.2
74.5
80.7
84.7
90.6
96.9
102.4
100.0
104.3
107.0
103.6
103.3
110.1
120.8
117.8
104.3
114.3
119.7
131.1
4.8
3.0
5.0
3.1
2.7
2.0
4.3
3.0
4.5
3.2
2.1
1.6
1 Class I railroads and Class I switching and terminal companies.
2 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
3 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Based on Interstate Commerce Commission data.
Table 149. Railroad transportation, revenue traffic (SIC 401)1: Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967=100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
I9 6 0 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ................................. .
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
87.4
93.7
94.2
88.4
80.4
83.7
81.9
81.0
85.4
87.7
92.4
97.4
102.8
100.0
103.2
104.8
101.0
98.8
104.2
114.0
112.0
97.0
104.6
110.6
114.3
178.7
180.7
178.2
166.9
141.4
137.8
131.2
120.1
118.1
115.4
114.2
108.1
105.8
100.0
98.0
95.9
93.9
88.3
85.6
85.6
86.4
78.3
79.3
79.9
73.6
184.0
186.1
183.1
170.8
143.1
139.4
132.3
120.5
118.6
115.9
114.6
108.0
105.8
100.0
97.8
95.7
93.5
87.5
84.6
84.8
85.6
76.8
78.1
78.8
72.3
137.9
139.5
139.8
136.6
128.6
125.4
122.7
117.1
114.2
111.7
110.9
109.0
106.1
100.0
99.4
97.7
97.0
94.5
92.9
92.0
92.4
90.0
88.8
88.3
83.6
175.2
174.2
172.4
163.5
139.3
135.2
129.5
119.0
116.1
112.7
110.1
105.3
103.5
100.0
96.9
94.9
93.1
91.3
86.2
87.1
87.2
80.7
80.8
81.4
74.7
180.7
179.9
177.9
168.2
141.9
137.6
131.6
120.4
117.3
113.9
111.2
106.0
103.9
100.0
96.7
94.6
92.6
90.7
85.2
86.3
86.2
79.2
79.5
80.1
73.2
131.5
128.8
128.8
126.1
118.8
115.6
113.5
108.7
105.8
103.6
102.0
100.5
100.4
100.0
98.9
97.9
97.5
95.6
94.6
94.4
95.1
93.0
91.5
92.4
87.2
.5
.1
-4.1
-2.8
-4.3
-2.9
-2.2
-1.8
-3.6
-2.7
-3.9
-2.9
-1.6
-1.4
1 Class I railroads and Class I switching and terminal companies.
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Based on Interstate Commerce Commission data.
161
Chart 77. Railroad transportation, car miles (SIC 401): Output per hour and related data,
1967 78
(1967=100)
Rotio seal
160
150
140
130
120
110
-
100
90
80
-
70
-
60
160
150
140
130
120
n o
100
90
80
-
70
-
60
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
-
*
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
162
60
Table 150. Railroad transportation, car miles (SIC 401)1: Indexes of output per employee hour and output per employee, 1954-78
(1967=100)
Output per employee 2
Output per hour 1
2
Year
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction workers
All employees
57.4
60.9
62.3
64.3
69.4
72.1
74.4
78.4
81.0
83.8
86.7
92.5
97.3
100.0
102.1
104.5
104.7
108.2
115.5
119.2
116.2
115.5
117.5
117.5
125.8
55.8
59.1
60.6
62.8
68.6
71.3
73.8
78.1
80.7
83.4
86.4
92.6
97.3
100.0
102.4
104.7
105.1
109.1
116.9
120.3
117.3
117.7
119.3
119.2
128.1
74.4
78.9
79.4
78.6
76.3
79.3
79.5
80.4
83.8
86.6
89.3
91.7
97.0
100.0
100.7
102.6
101.3
101.1
106.5
110.9
108.7
100.4
105.0
106.3
110.8
58.6
63.1
64.4
65.6
70.4
73.5
75.4
79.1
82.4
85.8
89.9
95.0
99.4
100.0
103.3
105.6
105.6
104.6
114.7
117.1
115.1
112.0
115.3
115.4
124.0
56.8
61.1
62.4
63.8
69.1
72.2
74.2
78.2
81.6
84.9
89.0
94.3
99.0
100.0
103.5
105.9
106.2
105.3
116.1
118.2
116.5
114.1
117.2
117.2
126.5
78.0
85.4
86.2
85.1
82.6
86.0
86.0
86.6
90.5
93.3
97.1
99.5
102.5
100.0
101.2
102.3
100.8
99.9
104.5
108.1
105.6
97.2
101.9
101.6
106.2
3.7
.9
3.9
1.1
1.7
-.1
3.2
.9
3.4
1.1
1.1
-.4
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955
1956
1957
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 3 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78 ...............................
1 Class I railroads and Class I switching and terminal companies.
2 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour and output per
employee indexes relate to the total production of the industry. They do not relate to the
specific output of any single group of employees.
3 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Based on Interstate Commerce Commission data.
Table 151. Railroad transportation, car miles (SIC 401)': Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967=100)
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 .... ................................
1972 ....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78............................
Output
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
All employees
Production workers
Nonproduction
workers
102.6
110.0
111.0
107.3
98.1
99.4
97.6
94.1
95.7
96.7
99.0
100.0
102.9
100.0
100.1
100.2
98.3
95.5
98.9
102.0
100.4
90.4
93.2
93.9
92.6
178.7
180.7
178.2
166.9
141.4
137.8
131.2
120.1
118.1
115.4
114.2
108.1
105.8
100.0
98.0
95.9
93.9
88.3
85.6
85.6
86.4
78.3
79.3
79.9
73.6
184.0
186.1
183.1
170.8
143.1
139.4
132.3
120.5
118.6
115.9
114.6
108.0
105.8
100.0
97.8
95.7
93.5
87.5
84.6
84.8
85.6
76.8
78.1
78.8
72.3
137.9
139.5
139.8
136.6
128.6
125.4
122.7
117.1
114.2
111.7
110.9
109.0
106.1
100.0
99.4
97.7
97.0
94.5
92.9
92.0
92.4
90.0
88.8
88.3
83.6
175.2
174.2
172.4
163.5
139.3
135.2
129.5
119.0
116.1
112.7
110.1
105.3
103.5
100.0
96.9
94.9
93.1
91.3
86.2
87.1
87.2
80.7
80.8
81.4
74.7
180.7
179.9
177.9
168.2
141.9
137.6
131.6
120.4
117.3
113.9
111.2
106.0
103.9
100.0
96.7
94.6
92.6
90.7
85.2
86.3
86.2
79.2
79.5
80.1
73.2
131.5
128.8
128.8
126.1
118.8
115.6
113.5
108.7
105.8
103.6
102.0
100.5
100.4
100.0
98.9
97.9
97.5
95.6
94.6
94.4
95.1
93.0
91.5
92.4
87.2
-.5
-1.9
-4.1
-2.8
-4.3
-2.9
-2.2
-1.8
-3.6
-2.7
-3.9
-2.9
-1.6
-1.4
1 Class I railroads and Class I switching and terminal companies.
2 Preliminary.
Employees
SOURCE: Based on Interstate Commerce Commission data.
163
Z hart
78. Intercity trucking (SIC 4213 part): Output per employee and related data, 1967—78
1967=100)
JO SCO
Ratio scale
200 r
200
180
■
180
160
■
160
HO
■
140
120
■
120
100
■
100
80
- 1 80
■
- i 200
200
180
160
180
■
H 160
■
140
140
120
120
100
H 100
80
80
200 r
200
180
160
180
160
■
■
140
■
140
120
■
120
100
•
100
80
- 1 80
Source — Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
164
Table 152. Intercity trucking (SIC 4213 part)1: Indexes of output per employee,
output, and employees, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ................................. .
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 2 .................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
195 4-7 8...... ........................
1973-78...............................
Output per
employee
Output
Employees
72.8
76.7
77.0
78.2
80.4
85.1
85.0
85.9
88.6
92.9
95.3
98.6
104.0
100.0
106.4
109.0
106.8
113.6
120.9
123.4
119.3
114.1
128.2
127.9
127.6
44.6
51.4
53.6
56.6
56.5
66.3
67.4
67.0
72.6
78.0
82.9
93.1
103.4
100.0
110.3
117.6
113.1
123.0
138.7
150.3
146.0
132.2
150.8
162.0
173.3
61.3
67.0
69.6
72.4
70.3
77.9
79.3
78.0
81.9
84.0
87.0
94.4
99.4
100.0
103.7
107.9
105.9
108.3
114.7
121.8
122.4
115.9
117.6
126.7
135.8
2.5
1.4
5.6
3.4
3.1
1.9
Commerce Commission and Trine Transportation
Consultants, a division of Dunn and Bradstreet, Inc.
1 Class I and II common and contract carriers.
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE:
Based on data from the Interstate
165
Chart 79. Intercity trucking, general freight (SIC 4213 part): Output per employee and related
data, 1 9 6 7 - 78
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
200
180
160
140
120
100
- 1 80
Source — Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
166
Table 153. Intercity trucking, general freight (SIC 4213 part)1: Indexes of output per
employee, output, and employees, 1954-78
(1967=100)
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ........... ........................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 2 .................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1954-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output per
employee
Output
Employees
77.6
80.1
81.0
80.7
82.1
87.8
86.6
86.6
89.0
92.7
96.8
104.8
103.1
100.0
105.6
107.5
102.3
108.0
114.7
122.1
124.3
117.6
127.9
133.2
131.3
50.8
56.8
60.0
62.3
61.4
71.2
70.7
69.5
74.7
79.0
85.3
93.6
103.3
100.0
109.5
115.3
106.2
112.8
124.2
137.8
135.4
117.4
133.7
145.7
154.7
65.5
70.9
74.1
77.2
74.8
81.1
81.6
80.3
83.9
85.2
88.1
89.3
100.2
100.0
103.7
107.3
103.8
104.4
108.3
112.9
108.9
99.8
104.5
109.4
117.8
2.3
1.9
4.5
2.7
2.2
.8
1 Class I and II common carriers of general freight.
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE:
Based on data from the Interstate
Commerce Commission and Trine Transportation
Consultants, a division of Dunn and Bradstreet, Inc.
167
Chart 80. Air transportation (SIC 4511): Output per employee and related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1967=100)
Ratio scale
- i 260
240
-
-
220
200
180
160
140
H 120
100
- 1 80
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
-
100
-
80
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
- 1 80
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
168
Table 154. Air transportation (SIC 4511): Indexes of output per employee, output,
and employees, 1954-78
(1967=100)
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 .....................................
1956 .....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 .....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ............................... .....
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
197 3-7 8...............................
Output per
employee
Output
Employees
39.3
44.2
45.4
47.0
48.5
52.3
52.7
55.7
61.9
68.4
74.9
83.5
93.7
100.0
104.4
107.3
109.6
116.8
128.7
131.3
133.0
134.6
146.7
153.6
167.9
17.4
20.7
23.9
27.1
27.5
31.7
33.7
35.7
40.3
45.7
53.2
64.3
78.9
100.0
115.4
126.5
128.5
131.6
144.7
153.4
153.8
152.9
168.6
181.1
206.3
44.3
46.8
52.6
57.7
56.7
60.6
64.0
64.1
65.1
66.8
71.0
77.0
84.2
100.0
110.5
117.9
117.2
112.7
112.4
116.8
115.6
113.6
114.9
117.9
122.9
7.0
5.1
12.3
6.1
5.0
.9
SOURCE: Based on Civil Aeronautics Board data.
1 Preliminary.
169
Chart 81. Petroleum pipelines (SIC 4 6 1 2 ,4 6 1 3 ): Output per hour and related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 8
(1967=100)
R a tio s c a l e
- i 200
180
160
H 140
120
H 100
80
- 1 60
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
- 1 60
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
170
Table 155. Petroleum pipelines (SIC 4612, 4613): Indexes of output per employee hour and output per
employee, 1954-77
(1967=100)
Output per hour 1
Output per employee 1
Year
All employees
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964 ....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 .....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 4 ..................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-77 ...............................
1973-77 ...............................
Production workers 2
All employees
Production workers 2
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
40.4
46.7
50.2
53.7
56.0
61.6
66.9
79.4
89.5
100.0
105.8
114.3
122.6
126.9
142.9
150.4
146.6
147.4
146.6
154.0
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
39.0
45.0
48.9
53.2
54.5
59.8
66.0
79.2
89.3
100.0
106.8
117.7
128.7
135.8
151.8
160.9
156.7
161.9
164.1
174.8
31.2
34.8
39.6
39.0
39.7
45.7
48.7
51.9
54.6
60.3
66.2
78.6
88.1
100.0
105.4
113.5
122.1
126.4
141.4
149.8
145.2
144.2
146.6
154.8
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
38.4
44.1
47.4
51.4
53.2
58.5
65.4
78.5
88.0
100.0
106.2
116.9
128.1
135.1
150.4
160.1
155.3
158.3
164.1
175.6
7.8
.5
8.7
2.1
7.9
.8
8.9
2.4
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour
and output per employee indexes relate to the total production of the
industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single group
of employees.
2 Represents nonsupervisory workers.
3 Data not available.
4 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Interstate Commerce
Commission. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau
of Labor Statistics and the Interstate Commerce Commission.
Table 156. Petroleum pipelines (SIC 4612, 4613): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-77
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Index:
1954 .....................................
1955 .....................................
1956 .....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 .....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 .....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 .....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 .....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 .
1969 .
1970 .
1971 .
1972 ....................................
1973 .
1974 .
1975 .
1976 .
1977 3
Average annual percent
change:
1958-77...............................
1973-77 ...............................
1 Represents nonsupervisory workers.
2 Data not available.
3 Preliminary.
Output
All employees
Production workers 1
All employees
Production workers 1
45.2
49.0
54.8
55.3
54.6
59.3
60.1
61.6
63.1
66.7
70.8
82.0
89.1
100.0
104.2
108.6
114.9
116.9
126.3
134.5
134.3
135.0
138.8
153.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
135.1
127.1
119.7
114.7
112.7
108.3
105.9
103.3
99.6
100.0
98.5
95.0
93.7
92.1
88.4
89.4
91.6
91.6
94.7
99.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
139.9
131.7
123.0
115.8
115.7
111.6
107.3
103.5
99.8
100.0
97.6
92.3
89.3
86.1
83.2
83.6
85.7
83.4
84.6
87.6
145.1
140.7
138.5
141.7
137.4
129.9
123.5
118.7
115.5
110.7
107.0
104.3
101.1
100.0
98.9
95.7
94.1
92.5
89.3
89.8
92.5
93.6
94.7
98.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
142.3
134.6
126.9
119.9
118.6
114.1
108.3
104.5
101.3
100.0
98.1
92.9
89.7
86.5
84.0
84.0
86.5
85.3
84.6
87.2
5.9
3.0
-1.8
2.5
-2.6
.8
-1.9
2.2
-2.7
.5
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Interstate Commerce Commission.
Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the
Interstate Commerce Commission.
171
Chart 82. Telephone communications (SIC 4811): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
(1967=100)
R a tio s c a le
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
- 1 80
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
- 1
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
172
80
Table 157. Telephone communications (SIC 4811): Indexes of output per employee hour, output per employee, output,
employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967=100)
Year
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ....................................
1957 ....................................
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1951-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output per
employee hour
Output per
employee
Output
Employee hours
Employees
40.8
43.9
45.1
49.4
55.8
61.9
65.8
71.6
76.4
82.0
85.4
89.1
93.0
100.0
106.2
108.4
109.2
117.5
123.1
128.8
137.3
149.6
165.8
175.9
187.5
40.4
44.3
45.3
49.0
54.5
61.8
66.3
71.7
77.6
83.4
87.3
91.6
96.1
100.0
107.3
111.1
109.5
113.9
123.8
130.4
139.1
148.4
164.6
178.6
191.9
35.0
38.8
42.2
46.7
49.5
54.2
58.0
61.7
66.1
70.9
76.5
83.5
92.2
100.0
108.1
119.9
127.9
134.4
146.7
158.7
172.6
177.9
194.5
212.0
236.2
85.8
88.3
93.6
94.5
88.7
87.5
88.2
86.2
86.5
86.5
89.6
93.7
99.1
100.0
101.8
110.6
117.1
114.4
119.2
123.2
125.7
118.9
117.3
120.5
126.0
86.6
87.6
93.1
95.3
90.8
87.7
87.5
86.0
85.2
85.0
87.6
91.2
95.9
100.0
100.7
107.9
116.8
118.0
118.5
121.7
124.1
119.9
118.2
118.7
123.1
6.2
8.1
6.3
8.3
8.1
8.0
1.7
-.1
1.6
-.3
1 Preliminary.
and the American Telephone and Telegraph Company. Employment and hours based
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Federal Communications Commission
on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
173
Chart 83. Gas and electric utilities (SIC 4 9 1 ,4 9 2 ,4 9 3 ): Output per hour and related data
1 9 6 7 -7 8
R a tio s c a le
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source -
Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
174
Table 158. Gas and electric utilities (SIC 491, 492, 493): Indexes of output per employee hour and output
per employee, 1954-78
(1967=100)
Output per ho u r1
Output per employee 1
Year
All employees
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 3 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Production workers 2
All employees
Production workers 2
42.4
47.2
51.1
53.7
56.4
61.5
65.5
69.4
74.9
79.5
85.5
89.2
95.7
100.0
107.1
113.8
117.4
123.6
128.1
129.9
127.5
131.9
135.8
137.8
135.6
40.0
44.9
48.8
51.5
54.4
59.7
63.8
67.9
73.5
78.6
84.8
88.5
95.3
100.0
107.0
114.5
118.0
124.9
129.9
132.4
132.4
136.2
141.3
144.6
143.8
42.3
47.1
51.0
53.2
55.5
60.8
64.8
68.4
74.3
79.0
84.9
89.0
95.8
100.0
107.1
114.2
117.7
123.4
128.3
130.8
127.5
130.7
134.9
137.1
136.6
39.9
44.7
48.7
51.1
53.5
59.0
63.0
66.8
72.8
78.0
84.1
88.3
95.3
100.0
107.0
114.7
118.3
124.6
130.1
133.4
130.9
134.9
140.2
143.8
144.8
5.9
1.4
6.4
2.1
5.9
1.3
6.4
2.1
1 The output measures underlying the output per employee hour
and output per employee indexes relate to the total production of the
industry. They do not relate to the specific output of any single group
of employees.
2 Represents nonsupervisory workers.
3 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the American Gas
Association; Rural Electrification Administration, U.S. Department of
Agriculture; Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department
of Energy; and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment and hours
based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 159. Gas and electric utilities (SIC 491, 492, 493): Indexes of output, employee hours, and employees, 1954-78
(1967 = 100)
Employees
Employee hours
Year
Output
All employees
Index:
1954 ....................................
1955 ....................................
1956 ..
1957 ..
1958 ..
1959 ..
1960 ..
1961 ..
1962 ..
1963 ..
1964 ..
1965 ..
1966 ..
1967 ..
1968 ..
1969 ..
1970 ..
*
1971 ..
1972 ..
1973 ..
1974 ..
1975 ..
1976 ....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1947-78...............................
1973-78 ...............................
Production workers 1
All employees
Production workers 1
39.4
44.3
48.7
51.8
54.0
59.2
63.1
66.3
71.3
75.8
81.8
86.8
94.1
100.0
108.8
118.5
125.6
132.3
140.9
147.0
145.9
146.8
151.6
156.7
162.5
93.0
93.9
95.3
96.4
95.7
96.2
96.3
95.5
95.2
95.3
95.7
97.3
98.3
100.0
101.6
104.1
107.0
107.0
110.0
113.2
114.4
111.3
111.6
113.7
"119.8
98.4
98.7
99.8
100.5
99.2
99.2
98.9
97.7
97.0
96.4
96.5
98.1
98.7
100.0
101.7
103.5
106.4
105.9
108.5
111.0
110.2
107.8
107.3
108.4
113.0
93.2
94.0
95.5
97.3
97.3
97.3
97.4
96.9
96.0
95.9
96.4
97.5
98.2
100.0
101.6
103.8
106.7
107.2
109.8
112.4
114.4
112.3
112.4
114.3
119.0
98.7
99.0
100.0
101.4
100.9
100.4
100.1
99.2
97.9
97.2
97.3
98.3
98.7
100.0
101.7
103.3
106.2
106.2
108.3
110.2
111.5
108.8
108.1
109.0
112.2
7.0
2.2
1.0
.8
.5
.1
1.0
.8
.6
(3)
1 Represents nonsupervisory workers
Electrification Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Federal Energy
2 Preliminary.
Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department of Energy; and the Bureau of Labor
3 Less than .05 percent.
Statistics. Employment and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the American Gas Association; Rural
175
!hart 84. Retail food stores (SIC 54): Output per hour and related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 8
1967= 100)
Output per hour of all persons
itio
SC O
i 130
■
120
■ 110
■ 100
■
Output
90
i 130
■ 120
■ 110
■ 100
■
Hours of all pe rsons
90
■j 130
■ 120
■ 110
■
I
I
I
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Lai
176
■
100
90
Table 160. Retail food stores (SIC 54): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output, hours of all
persons, and all persons1, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 2 .................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output per hour of all
persons
Output per person
Output
Hours of all persons
All persons
75.4
78.4
80.9
84.0
85.3
89.4
91.4
93.8
96.3
100.0
105.2
106.1
112.0
112.7
112.5
107.3
104.3
105.0
107.7
107.8
103.5
83.8
87.0
88.4
90.9
92.1
94.9
96.9
97.8
98.1
100.0
103.2
102.4
107.1
107.5
107.1
102.1
97.7
96.8
100.3
99.6
94.7
78.4
81.9
84.1
86.1
88.0
88.7
93.0
96.4
98.0
100.0
104.7
106.9
113.2
115.0
116.7
113.0
112.3
113.4
119.2
120.8
119.8
104.0
104.4
103.9
102.5
103.2
99.2
101.8
102.8
101.8
100.0
99.5
100.8
101.1
102.0
103.7
105.3
107.7
108.0
110.7
112.1
115.7
93.6
94.1
95.1
94.7
95.6
93.5
96.0
98.6
99.9
100.0
101.5
104.4
105.7
107.0
109.0
110.7
115.0
117.2
118.8
121.3
126.5
1.8
-.2
.7
-.8
2.2
1.6
.4
1.8
1.5
2.4
and the Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives Service, U.S. Department of
Agriculture. Persons and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics;
the Bureau of the Census; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Department of the
Treasury.
1 All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor Statistics;
177
Chart 85. Franchised new car dealers (SIC 5511): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
R o tio s c a le
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
- 1 80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
H
90
80
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source — Bureau ot Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
178
Table 161. Franchised new car dealers (SIC 5511): Indexes of output per employee hour, output per employee, output,
employee hours, and employees, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 .....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 ....................................
1978 1 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
197 3-7 8...............................
Output per
employee hour
Output per
employee
Output
Employee hours
Employees
77.0
87.2
88.3
84.2
90.3
92.0
91.2
97.8
98.7
100.0
105.6
106.0
106.4
113.3
117.2
119.2
116.2
120.5
126.9
131.2
128.6
80.8
92.3
93.1
88.0
93.7
95.5
95.3
101.5
100.6
100.0
104.2
103.3
102.7
109.0
112.2
113.6
109.7
113.7
119.1
121.5
117.6
69.9
81.6
83.9
74.9
81.7
87.0
89.9
100.3
101.5
100.0
107.8
110.9
108.4
116.5
126.5
134.0
122.7
122.8
135.7
144.2
146.4
90.8
93.6
95.0
89.0
90.5
94.6
98.6
102.6
102.8
100.0
102.1
104.6
101.9
102.8
107.9
112.4
105.6
101.9
106.9
109.9
113.8
86.5
88.4
90.1
85.1
87.2
91.1
94.3
98.8
100.9
100.0
103.5
107.4
105.6
106.9
112.7
118.0
111.9
108.0
113.9
118.7
124.5
2.5
2.3
1.7
1.5
3.5
3.0
1.0
.7
1.8
1.4
1 Preliminary.
Communications, Inc. (Ward’s Automotive Yearbooks). Employment and hours based
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census, the Bureau of
on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Labor Statistics, the National Automobile Dealers Association, and Ward’s
179
Chart 86. Gasoline service stations (SIC 5541): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
( 1967= 100)
Ratio seal a
200
180
160
140
-
120
-
100
-
80
60
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department o f Labor
180
Table 162. Gasoline service stations (SIC 5541): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output, hours
of all persons, and all persons1, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958 .....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 .....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 .....................................
1963 .....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 .....................................
1966 .....................................
1967 .....................................
1968 .....................................
1969 .....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1974 .....................................
1975 .....................................
1976 .....................................
1977 2 ..................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
197 3-7 8...............................
Output per hour of all
persons
Output per person
Output
Hours of all persons
All persons
77.5
80.3
82.2
84.7
85.0
89.1
90.6
93.7
98.2
100.0
105.5
109.9
122.7
125.4
128.1
136.6
140.5
138.4
153.2
164.0
170.6
81.8
84.3
86.2
88.8
88.5
92.4
94.4
96.5
99.6
100.0
103.7
106.5
116.3
119.4
121.3
124.7
126.5
125.5
133.9
141.1
144.7
71.3
74.0
76.9
80.3
79.9
85.4
88.7
93.4
98.5
100.0
106.8
113.1
123.2
127.0
132.3
134.1
122.2
126.4
132.7
136.6
136.3
92.0
92.2
93.6
94.8
94.0
95.8
97.9
99.7
100.3
100.0
101.2
102.9
100.4
101.3
103.3
98.2
87.0
91.3
86.6
83.3
79.9
87.2
87.8
89.2
90.4
90.3
92.4
94.0
96.8
98.9
100.0
103.0
106.2
105.9
106.4
109.1
107.5
96.6
100.7
99.1
96.8
94.2
4.1
4.9
2.9
3.3
3.6
1.3
-.4
-3.4
.7
-1.9
1 All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfSOURCE: Output, persons, and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
employed.
Statistics; the Bureau of the Census; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S.
2 preliminary.
Department of the Treasury.
181
Chart 87. Eating and drinking places (SIC 58): Output per hour and related data, 1 9 6 7 -7 8
( 1967= 100)
Ratio scale
- i 160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
H
90
80
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Source -
Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
182
Table 163. Eating and drinking places (SIC 58): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output, hours of
all persons, and all persons \ 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 .....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 .....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 .....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 2 .................................
1978 2 .... .............................
Average annual percent
change:
195 8-7 8...............................
197 3-7 8...............................
Output per hour of all
persons
Output per person
Output
Hours of all persons
All persons
91.3
90.3
90.0
90.8
91.8
93.8
92.8
95.6
97.4
100.0
102.0
100.4
103.8
100.9
105.0
106.7
101.7
102.9
102.2
101.1
96.8
102.2
101.4
100.1
100.0
100.6
101.8
101.4
102.3
101.0
100.0
100.7
96.1
96.6
93.3
94.6
94.4
88.4
88.4
86.3
83.0
78.3
78.8
81.0
81.6
81.5
84.0
86.0
89.6
95.1
98.8
100.0
105.7
106.6
110.9
111.7
118.5
125.1
123.3
128.3
134.3
138.2
139.6
86.3
89.7
90.7
89.8
91.5
91.7
96.5
99.5
101.4
100.0
103.6
106.2
106.8
110.7
112.9
117.2
121.2
124.7
131.4
136.7
144.2
77.1
79.9
81.5
81.5
83.5
84.5
88.4
93.0
97.8
100.0
105.0
110.9
114.8
119.7
125.2
132.5
139.5
145.1
155.7
166.5
178.3
.7
-1.5
-1.1
-3.2
3.1
2.7
2.4
4.2
4.3
6.1
Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce; and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. Persons and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Bureau of the Census, and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Department of the
Treasury.
1 All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output based on data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
183
Chart 88. Hotels, motels, and tourist courts (SIC 7011): Output per hour and related data,
1967—78
( 1967= 100)
Ratio scale
-
|
-
150
140
130
-
120
-
110
-
100
-
90
80
-
70
-
60
-
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
—1 60
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
Source -
Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
184
Table 164. Hotels, motels, and tourist courts (SIC 7011): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output,
hours of all persons, and all persons1, 1958-78
(1967 = 100 )
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ........... ........................
I9 6 0 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 .....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 .....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 .....................................
1973 ....................................
1974 ....................................
1975 ....................................
1976 ....................................
1977 2 .................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output per hour of all
persons
Output per person
Output
Hours of all persons
All persons
76.8
77.8
79.6
77.0
82.4
86.0
86.5
93.0
93.2
100.0
96.7
97.7
102.5
91.8
108.7
108.7
103.2
101.9
106.9
106.1
110.6
84.0
85.1
86.6
82.9
87.6
91.2
90.4
96.2
94.8
100.0
95.3
95.1
97.9
85.6
100.0
100.5
94.1
90.7
95.0
92.5
96.4
68.8
71.3
74.4
71.9
77.2
80.8
83.3
91.2
93.0
100.0
98.8
101.6
105.9
95.5
116.8
122.5
118.7
117.0
126.3
127.5
135.1
89.6
91.7
93.5
93.4
93.7
93.9
96.3
81.9
83.8
85.9
86.7
100.0
102.2
104.0
103.3
104.0
107.5
112.7
115.0
114.8
118.1
120.2
122.1
1.9
.6
.6
-.6
3.4
2.3
1.5
1.6
1 All persons include paid employees, and the self-employed.
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output, persons, and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
98.1
99.8
88.1
88.6
92.1
94.8
98.1
100.0
103.7
106.8
108.2
111.6
116.8
121.9
126.1
129.0
133.0
137.9
140.1
2.8
2.9
Statistics; Bureau of the Census; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Department
of
Treasury.
185
Chart 89. Laundry and cleaning services (SIC 721): Output per hour and related data, 1967—78
( 1967= 100)
R a tio s c a l e
180
140
100
—I 60
- 1 20
180
140
-
100
-
60
—1 20
-
100
-
60
20
Source — Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s , U.S. Department of Labor
186
Table 165. Laundry and cleaning services (SIC 721): Indexes of output per hour of all persons, output per person, output,
hours of all persons, and all persons1, 1958-78
(1967 = 100)
Year
Index:
1958 ....................................
1959 ....................................
1960 ....................................
1961 ....................................
1962 ....................................
1963 ....................................
1964 ....................................
1965 ....................................
1966 ....................................
1967 ....................................
1968 ....................................
1969 ....................................
1970 ....................................
1971 ....................................
1972 ....................................
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977 2 .................................
1978 2 .................................
Average annual percent
change:
1958-78...............................
1973-78...............................
Output per hour of all
persons
Output per person
Output
Hours of all persons
All persons
83.9
87.1
82.7
86.9
86.9
86.6
92.7
87.3
92.8
100.0
102.9
101.3
99.5
101.5
104.0
104.0
103.9
103.0
104.5
108.0
109.0
88.4
92.5
87.7
91.8
91.6
92.9
98.0
92.6
95.9
100.0
100.0
98.5
95.3
95.0
99.0
100.5
98.6
96.9
97.7
100.3
101.6
86.1
89.7
85.1
88.6
88.9
92.4
97.0
93.6
98.6
100.0
98.2
94.4
87.6
80.3
79.7
75.7
69.3
65.4
63.2
63.8
64.0
102.6
103.0
102.9
101.9
102.3
106.7
104.6
107.2
106.3
100.0
95.4
93.2
88.0
79.1
76.6
72.8
66.7
63.5
60.5
59.1
58.7
97.4
97.0
97.0
96.5
97.1
99.5
99.0
101.1
102.8
100.0
98.2
95.8
91.9
84.5
80.5
75.3
70.3
67.5
64.7
63.6
63.0
1.4
1.1
.6
.3
-1.9
-3.2
-3.2
-4.2
-2.4
-3.5
Statistics; Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S.
Department of Commerce; and the Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Department of the
Treasury.
1 All persons include paid employees, unpaid family workers, and the selfemployed.
2 Preliminary.
SOURCE: Output, persons, and hours based on data from the Bureau of Labor
187
Other BLS Publications
on Productivity and Technology
The Monthly Labor Review is available by subscrip
tion or single copy from the Superintendent of Docu
ments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
D.C. 20402 ($18 a year domestic; $22.50 foreign;
single copy $2.50). Make checks payable to Superin
tendent of Documents. Bulletins are for sale by the
Superintendent of Documents or at any of the regional
offices of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (see inside back
coyer). Reprints and reports are available free of
charge, as long as the supply lasts, from the Bureau of
Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C. 20212, or from the
Bureau’s regional offices.
Out-of-print publications may be available at large
public and school libraries and at Government
depository libraries. Publications marked with an
asterisk (*) also are available on microfiche and in
paper copy from the National Technical Information
Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port
Royal Road, Springfield, Va. 22161.
For a more comprehensive list of publications, see
BLS Publications on Productivity and Technology, BLS
Report 559 (1979).
dustry,” by Richard B. Carnes, Monthly Labor
Review, August 1978, pp. 15-19.
“Productivity and Technology in the Electric Motor
Industry,” by James York and Horst Brand, Monthly
Labor Review, August 1978, pp. 20-25.
“Laundry and Cleaning Services Pressed to Post Prod
uctivity Gains,” by Richard B. Carnes, Monthly
Labor Review, February 1978, pp. 38-42.
“Productivity and New Technology in Eating and
Drinking Places,” by Richard B. Carnes and Horst
Brand, Monthly Labor Review, September 1977, pp.
9 -1 5 .
“Productivity in Grain Mill Products: Output Up,
Employment Stable,” by James A. Urisko, Monthly
Labor Review, April 1977, pp. 38-43.
“Productivity in Sawmills Increases as Labor Input.
Declines Substantially,” by John Duke and Clyde
Huffstutler, Monthly Labor Review, April 1977, pp.
33-37.
“New-Car Dealers Experience Long-Term Gains in
Productivity,” by John Duke, Monthly Labor Review,
March 1977, pp. 29-33.
“Output Per Unit of Labor Input in the Retail Food
Store Industry,” by John L. Carey and Phyllis Flohr
Otto, Monthly Labor Review, January 1977, pp.
4 2-47.
“Output Per Employee-Hour Measures: Industries and
the Federal Government,” reprint of chapter 31 of
the BLS Handbook of Methods for Surveys and
Studies, Bulletin 1910 (1976), pp. 225-32.
“Productivity in the Nonmetallic Minerals Industry,
1 9 5 4 -7 5 ,” by Clyde Huffstutler and Michael
Broad, Monthly Labor Review, June 1976, pp.
25-30.
“Productivity in the Copper Rolling and Drawing In
dustry,” by Phyllis Flohr Otto, Monthly Labor
Review, December 1975, pp. 27-30.
“Productivity in Structural Clay Products,” by Clyde
Huffstutler and Michael M. Broad, Monthly Labor
Review, October 1975, pp. 20-33.
“Productivity in Hotels and Motels, 1958—73,” by
James A. Urisko, Monthly Labor Review, May 1975,
pp. 24-28.
“Productivity in Gasoline Stations, 1958-73,” by
Brian L. Friedman and John L. Carey, Monthly
Productivity trends in individual industries and the
Federal Government
“Productivity in the Folding Paperboard Boxes Indus
try,” by James D. York, to be published in the
Monthly Labor Review.
“Productivity in the Soaps and Detergents Industry,”
by Patricia S. Wilder, to be published in the Monthly
Labor Review.
“Substantial Productivity Gains in the Fluid Milk In
dustry,” by Elmer S. Persigehl and James D. York,
Monthly Labor Review, July 1979, pp. 22-21.
“Productivity Growth Below Average in the House
hold Furniture Industry,” by J. Edwin Henneberger,
Monthly Labor Review, November 1978, pp. 23-29.
“The Pattern of Productivity in the Lighting Fixtures
Industry,” by Phyllis Flohr Otto, Monthly Labor
Review, September 1978, pp. 31-37.
“The Veneer and Plywood Industry: Above-Average
Productivity Gains,” by Mary Robinson Farris,
Monthly Labor Review, September 1978, pp. 26-30.
“Productivity and Technology in the Electric L^mp In
188
Labor Review, February 1975, pp. 32-37.
“Measuring Productivity in the Federal Government,”
by Charles Ardolini and Jeffrey Hohenstein,
Monthly Labor Review, November 1974, pp. 13—20.
Reprint 3009.
“Problems of Measuring Railroad Productivity,” by
Horst Brand, Monthly Labor Review, October 1974,
pp. 26-32.
“Productivity in the Pharmaceutical Industry,” by
Horst Brand, Monthly Labor Review, March 1974,
pp. 9 -1 4 . Reprint 2952.
“Productivity Trends in Intercity Trucking,” by
Richard B. Carnes, Monthly Labor Review, January
1974, pp. 53-57. Reprint 2940.
“Productivity in the Paints and Allied Products Indus
try,” by Arthur S. Herman, Monthly Labor Review,
November 1973, pp. 10-13. Reprint 2922.
“Productivity in Telephone Communications,” by
Horst Brand, Monthly Labor Review, November
1973, pp. 3 -9 . Reprint 2921.
“Productivity in the Steel Foundries Industry,” by John
L. Carey, Monthly Labor Review, May 1973, pp.
8 -11. Reprint 2886.
“Productivity in the Ready-Mixed Concrete Industry,”
by Robert S. Robinowitz and Martha Farnsworth
Riche, Monthly Labor Review, May 1973, pp.
12-15. Reprint 2887.
“Productivity in the Metal Cans Industry,” by John L.
Carey, Monthly Labor Review, July 1972, pp. 28-31.
Reprint 2819.
“Productivity in the Bakery Products Industry,” by
Clyde E. Huffstutler and Martha Farnsworth Riche,
Monthly Labor Review, June 1972, pp. 25-28.
Reprint 2812.
“Productivity in the Petroleum Pipelines Industry,” by
Carolyn S. Fehd, Monthly Labor Review, April 1971,
pp. 46 -4 8 .
“Productivity in the Soft Drinks Industry,” by Edwin
Adelman and Charles Ardolini, Monthly Labor
Review, December 1970, pp. 28-30.
“Productivity in the Major Household Appliance In
dustry,” by John E. Henneberger and Hazen F.
Gale, Monthly Labor Review, September 1970, pp.
39-42. Reprint 2691.
“Trends in Output Per Man-Hour in the Sugar Indus
try,” by John W. Ferris, Jr., and Hazen F. Gale,
Monthly Labor Review, July 1970, pp. 32—34.
Reprint 2680.
C ontributing Factors, BLS W orking Paper
(forthcoming).
“Productivity and Costs During Recession and Recov
ery,” by J. R. Norsworthy and L. J. Fulco, Monthly
Labor Review, August 1978, pp. 31-35.
The Role of Capital Formation in the Recent Productivity
Slowdown, BLS Working Paper 87 (January 1979).
CES Efficiency Parameters, BLS Working Paper 81
(September 1978).
“Productivity and Costs in the Private Economy,
1976,” by J. R. Norsworthy and L. J. Fulco, Monthly
Labor Review, September 1977, pp. 3—8.
“The Productivity Slowdown and the Outlook to
1985,” by R. E. Kutscher, J. A. Mark, and J. R.
Norsworthy, Monthly Labor Review, May 1977, pp.
3 -8 .
Productivity and the Economy, BLS Bulletin 1926
(1977).
Productivity: A Selected, Annotated Bibliography,
1971-75, BLS Bulletin 1933 (1977).
“Productivity Measures: Private Economy and Major
Sectors,” reprint of chapter 30 of the BLS Handbook
of Methods for Surveys and Studies, Bulletin 1910
(1976), pp. 219-24.
“New Sector Definitions for Productivity Series,” by J.
R. Norsworthy and L. J. Fulco, Monthly Labor
Review, October 1976, pp. 4 0-42.
“Productivity and Costs in the Private Economy,
1975,” by J. R. Norsworthy and L. J. Fulco, Monthly
Labor Review, May 1976, pp. 3 —11.
“Productivity and Costs in the Private Economy,
1974,” by Jerome A. Mark, Monthly Labor Review,
June 1975, pp. 3 -8 .
The Meaning and Measurement of Productivity, BLS
Bulletin 1714 (1971). Out of print.
Productivity in the Railroad Industry, BLS Report 377
(1970).
Productivity Analysis in Manufacturing Plants, BLS Staff
Paper 3 (1970). For sale by Superintendent of Docu
ments.
Technology studies
Technology and Labor in Five Industries, BLS Bulletin
2033 (1979).
Technological Change and Its Labor Impact in Five
Energy Industries, BLS Bulletin 2005 (1979).
“Technology in Telecommunications: Its Effect on
Labor and Skills,” by Michael D. Dymmel, Monthly
Labor Review, January 1979, pp. 13-19.
“Technology and Labor in Automobile Production,”
by Robert V. Critchlow, Monthly Labor Review, Oc
tober 1977, pp. 32-36.
Technological Change and Its Labor Impact in Five In
dustries, BLS Bulletin 1961 (1977).
“Technological Change,” reprint of chapter 32 of the
Productivity and other economic trends
Productivity and Costs: Private Business Sector (quarterly
news release).
Productivity and Costs: Nonfinancial Corporations (quar
terly news release).
The Slowdown in Productivity Growth: Analysis o f Some
189
“Construction Labor Requirements,” reprint of
chapter 33 of the BLS Handbook of Methods for Sur
veys and Studies, Bulletin 1910 (1976), pp. 238-40.
Labor and Material Requirements for Private Multifamily
Housing Construction, BLS Bulletin 1892 (1976).
“Labor and Materials Required for Highway Con
struction,” by Diane S. Finger, Monthly Labor
Review, December 1975, pp. 31-36.
“Labor and Material Requirements for Apartment
Construction,” by Robert Ball, Monthly Labor
Review, January 1975, pp. 70-72.
Labor and Material Requirements for Public Housing
Construction, BLS Bulletin 1821 (1974.)
Labor and Material Requirements for Construction of Pri
vate Single-Family Houses, BLS Bulletin 1755
(1972).
“Labor Requirements for Public Housing,” by Joseph
T. Finn, Monthly Labor Review, April 1972, pp.
4 0-42. Reprint 2803.
BLS Handbook of Methods for Surveys and Studies,
Bulletin 1910 (1976), pp. 233-37.
Technological Change and Manpower Trends in Five In
dustries, BLS Bulletin 1856 (1975).
The Revised Workweek: Results of a Pilot Study of 16
Firms, BLS Bulletin 1846 (1975).
Computer Manpower Outlook, BLS Bulletin 1826
(1974).
Technological Change and Manpower Trends in Six In
dustries, BLS Bulletin 1817 (1974). Out of print.
Outlook for Technology and Manpower in Printing and
Publishing, BLS Bulletin 1774 (1973). Out of print.*
“Modernization and Manpower in Textile Mills,” by
Rose N. Zeisel, Monthly Labor Review, June 1973,
pp. 18-25. Reprint 2893.
Railroad Technology and Manpower in the 1970’s, BLS
Bulletin 1717 (1972). Out of print.
“New Technology in Laundry and Cleaning Services,”
by Mary L. Vickery, Monthly Labor Review, Febru
ary 1972, pp. 54-59. Reprint 2792.
Improving Productivity: Labor and Management Ap
proaches, BLS Bulletin 1715 (1971). Out of print.
“Technology and Manpower in Nonelectrical Machin
ery,” by Lloyd T. O’Carroll, Monthly Labor Review,
June 1971, pp. 56-62. Reprint 2741.
Outlook for Computer Process Control, BLS Bulletin
1658 (1970).*
“Manpower Implications of Computer Control in
Manufacturing,” by Arthur S. Herman, Monthly
Labor Review, October 1970, pp. 3 -8 . Reprint 2615.
International comparisons
“International Comparisons of Manufacturing Prod
uctivity and Labor Costs, Preliminary Measures for
1978, ” News Release USDL 79-489, July 10, 1979,
7 pages.
“Recent Labor Market Trends in Nine Industrial Na
tions,” by Joyanna Moy, Monthly Labor Review, May
1979, pp. 8 -16.
International Comparisons of Unemployment, BLS
Bulletin 1979 (1978).
Comparative Growth in Manufacturing Productivity and
Labor Costs in Selected Industrialized Countries, BLS
Bulletin 1958 (1977).
“Productivity and Unit Labor Costs in 11 Industrial
Countries, 1977,” by Keith Daly and Arthur Neef,
Monthly Labor Review, November 1978, pp. 11 —17.
“Foreign Labor Statistics and Trade Research,” reprint
of chapter 34 of the BLS Handbook of Methods for
Surveys and Studies, Bulletin 1910 (1976), pp.
214-44.
“Unemployment Compensation in Eight Industrial Na
tions,” by Constance Sorrentino, Monthly Labor
Review, July 1976, pp. 18-24.
Productivity: An International Perspective, BLS Bulletin
1811 (1974).
“Comparing Employment Shifts in 10 Industrialized
Countries,” by Constance Sorrentino, Monthly Labor
Review, October 1971, pp. 3 -9 .
Construction labor requirements
“Labor Requirements for College-Housing Construc
tion,” by Barbara J. Bingham, Monthly Labor
Review, May 1979, pp. 28-34.
“Labor and Material Requirements for New School
Construction,” by John G. Olsen, Monthly Labor
Review, April 1979, pp. 38-41.
Labor and Material Requirements for Sewer Works Con
struction, BLS Bulletin 2003 (1979).
“U.S. Civil Works Construction Shows Decrease in Re
quired Labor,” by Barbara J. Bingham, Monthly
Labor Review, October 1978, pp. 24-30.
“Labor and Materials Requirements for Sewer Works
Construction,” by Robert Ball and Joseph T. Finn,
Monthly Labor Review, November 1976, pp. 38—41.
“Decline Noted in Hours Required to Erect Federal
Office Buildings,” by John G. Olsen, Monthly Labor
Review, October 1976, pp. 18-22.
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