Full text of Productivity and Costs : Third Quarter 2000 [Preliminary]

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USDL 00-319
TRANSMISSION OF THIS
MATERIAL IS EMBARGOED
UNTIL 8:30 A.M. EST,
THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 2000.
Internet address:
Historical, technical
information:
Current data:
Media contact:

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PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
Third Quarter 2000

The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor today
reported preliminary productivity data--as measured by output per hour of all
persons--for the third quarter of 2000. The preliminary seasonally-adjusted
annual rates of productivity growth in the third quarter were:
3.2 percent in the business sector and
3.8 percent in the nonfarm business sector.
In both the business and the nonfarm business sectors, productivity increases
in the third quarter were smaller than those recorded in the second quarter
of 2000 (as revised).
In manufacturing, productivity increases in the third quarter were:
6.4 percent in manufacturing,
9.6 percent in durable goods manufacturing, and
2.0 percent in nondurable goods manufacturing.
The increase in manufacturing productivity was higher than the 5.7percent rise reported for the previous quarter (as revised). Output and
hours in manufacturing, which includes about 17 percent of U.S. business
sector employment, tend to vary more from quarter to quarter than data for
the more aggregate business and nonfarm business sectors. Third-quarter
measures are summarized in table A and appear in detail in tables 1
through 5.
The data sources and methods used in the preparation of the manufacturing
series differ from those used in preparing the business and nonfarm business
series, and these measures are not directly comparable. Output measures for
business and nonfarm business are based on measures of gross domestic product
prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the U.S. Department of
Commerce. Quarterly output measures for manufacturing reflect indexes of
industrial production independently prepared by the Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System. See Technical Notes for further information on data
sources.

------------------------------------------------------------------------Table A. Productivity and costs: Preliminary third-quarter 2000 measures
(Seasonally adjusted annual rates)
------------------------------------------------------------------------Real
Hourly
hourly
Unit
Produccompen- compenlabor
Sector
tivity
Output
Hours
sation
sation
costs
------------------------------------------------------------------------Percent change from preceding quarter
Business
3.2
3.0
-0.2
5.8
2.7
2.5
Nonfarm business
3.8
3.0
-0.8
6.4
3.2
2.5
Manufacturing
6.4
3.1
-3.0
6.7
3.5
0.3
Durable
9.6
6.0
-3.3
5.9
2.8
-3.4
Nondurable
2.0
-0.6
-2.6
8.1
4.9
5.9
------------------------------------------------------------------------Percent change from same quarter a year ago
Business
4.8
6.1
1.2
5.0
1.5
0.2
Nonfarm business
5.0
6.1
1.1
5.1
1.6
0.1
Manufacturing
7.5
6.3
-1.2
5.0
1.5
-2.4
Durable
10.9
9.9
-0.9
4.8
1.3
-5.5
Nondurable
3.2
1.5
-1.6
5.3
1.8
2.0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Business
From the second quarter to the third quarter of 2000, business sector
productivity increased at a 3.2 percent annual rate. Output rose 3.0
percent, while hours of all persons engaged in the sector declined 0.2
percent (seasonally adjusted annual rates). After revisions, second-quarter
productivity in the business sector rose 6.9 percent, reflecting a 6.3percent increase in output and a drop of 0.6 percent in hours (tables B
and 1).
Hourly compensation increased at an annual rate of 5.8 percent during the
third quarter of 2000, after increasing 7.0 percent during the second
quarter. This measure includes wages and salaries, supplements, employer
contributions to employee benefit plans, and taxes. Real hourly
compensation, which takes into account changes in consumer prices, increased
2.7 percent in the third quarter, after rising 3.2 percent in the second
quarter of 2000.
Unit labor costs, which reflect changes in both hourly compensation and
productivity, increased at a 2.5 percent annual rate during the third
quarter. During the previous quarter, these costs were unchanged. The
implicit price deflator for the business sector increased 1.7 percent in the
third quarter and 2.4 percent in the second quarter.

Nonfarm business
Productivity rose 3.8 percent in the nonfarm business sector during the
third quarter of 2000. The increase in labor productivity in the third
quarter occurred as output rose 3.0 percent and hours of all persons fell 0.8
percent. This decline in hours was the largest since the first quarter of
1992, when hours fell 2.3 percent. In the previous quarter, productivity had
risen 6.1 percent, as output grew 6.5 percent and hours increased 0.4 percent
(table 2).

Hourly compensation increased at a 6.4 percent annual rate in the third
quarter of 2000. This was the largest increase in this measure since the
first quarter of 1992, when it increased 8.8 percent. When the rise in
consumer prices is taken into account, real hourly compensation rose at a 3.2percent annual rate during the July-September period. During the second
quarter of 2000, real hourly compensation had risen 2.2 percent.
Unit labor costs increased 2.5 percent during the third quarter of 2000.
In the second quarter, unit labor costs in the nonfarm business sector had
declined 0.2 percent. The implicit price deflator for nonfarm business
output rose 1.8 percent in the third quarter of 2000.

Manufacturing
Productivity increased 6.4 percent in manufacturing in the third quarter
of 2000, as output grew 3.1 percent and hours of all persons dropped 3.0
percent (seasonally adjusted annual rates). A similar increase in labor
productivity, 5.7 percent, was recorded in the previous quarter, reflecting
increases in output and hours of 7.7 and 1.9 percent, respectively. In
durable goods, productivity rose 9.6 percent in the third quarter, as output
increased 6.0 percent and hours of all persons fell 3.3 percent.
Productivity grew more slowly in nondurable goods, 2.0 percent, as hours fell
faster than output. Output dropped 0.6 percent, and hours of all persons
decreased 2.6 percent (tables 3, 4, and 5).
Hourly compensation of manufacturing workers increased an average of 6.7
percent during the third quarter, a more rapid rise than the 4.0-percent
increase recorded in the previous quarter (seasonally adjusted annual rates).
In the third quarter, hourly compensation grew 5.9 percent in durable goods
and 8.1 percent in nondurable goods. When the increase in consumer prices is
taken into account, real hourly compensation in total manufacturing rose 3.5
percent in the third quarter.
Unit labor costs increased 0.3 percent in the third quarter of 2000 after
falling 1.6 percent in the second quarter of 2000. In the durable goods
sector, unit labor costs in the third quarter fell 3.4 percent; these costs
also had fallen in the previous three quarters. In contrast, unit labor
costs in the nondurable goods sector rose 5.9 percent in the third quarter,
following a 5.4-percent rise in the previous quarter.

Revised Measures
Current and previous measures for the second quarter of 2000 for the
business, nonfarm business, and manufacturing sectors are compared in
table B. In all these sectors, productivity, output, and hourly compensation
increased faster than reported on Sept. 6, based on information then
available. In all sectors, small revisions to real hourly compensation in
the first and second quarters of 2000 were made as a result of incorporating
the recalculated Consumer Price Index. In manufacturing, historical output
has been revised for consistency with estimates published Sept. 21, 2000.
(See Multifactor Productivity Trends, 1998, USDL 00-267.) Appendix tables
1-3 present annual indexes for the years 1949-99 for the manufacturing
measures.

------------------------------------------------------------------------Table B. Previous and revised productivity and related measures
Quarterly percent change at seasonally adjusted annual rate
------------------------------------------------------------------------Real
Hourly
hourly
Unit
Produccompen- compenlabor
Sector
tivity
Output
Hours
sation
sation
costs
------------------------------------------------------------------------Second quarter 2000
Business:
Previous
6.5
5.9
-0.6
6.4
2.7
-0.1
Current
6.9
6.3
-0.6
7.0
3.2
0.0
Nonfarm business:
Previous
5.7
6.1
0.4
5.3
1.7
-0.4
Current
6.1
6.5
0.4
5.9
2.2
-0.2
Manufacturing:
Previous
5.4
7.3
1.9
3.3
-0.3
-2.0
Current
5.7
7.7
1.9
4.0
0.4
-1.6
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Revised measures: Nonfinancial Corporations
Second-quarter 2000 productivity and cost measures for nonfinancial
corporations also were revised to incorporate more recent information than
was available on Sept. 6. Productivity, output, and hourly compensation were
revised up, while hours growth was unchanged. Productivity grew at an annual
rate of 5.4 percent, compared with the previously published growth of 5.0
percent (tables C and 6).

---------------------------------------------------------------------------Table C. Nonfinancial corporations: Previous and revised productivity and
cost measures
Quarterly percent changes at seasonally adjusted annual rates
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Real
Hourly
hourly
Unit
Implicit
Produccompen- compen- labor
Unit
price
tivity
Output Hours
sation
sation
costs
profits deflator
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Second quarter 2000
Previous 5.0
5.9
0.9
5.6
1.9
0.6
13.5
2.4
Current
5.4
6.4
0.9
6.1
2.3
0.6
11.3
2.3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Next release date
The next release of Productivity and Costs is scheduled for 8:30 AM EST,
Wednesday, Dec. 6, 2000. Third-quarter measures for nonfinancial
corporations and revised third-quarter measures for business, nonfarm
business, and manufacturing will be released at that time.

TECHNICAL NOTES
Labor Hours: Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures include
hours for all persons working in the sector-wage and salary workers, the selfemployed, and unpaid family workers. The primary source of hours and
employment data is the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, which
provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs held by wage and salary
workers in nonfarm establishments. The CES also provides average weekly paid
hours of production and nonsupervisory workers in these establishments.
Average weekly paid hours of nonproduction and supervisory workers are
estimated by the Office of Productivity and Technology. Weekly paid hours
are adjusted to hours at work using the BLS Hours at Work survey, conducted
for this purpose.
Data from the BLS Current Population Survey (CPS) are used for farm
labor; in the nonfarm sector, the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA)
prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the Department of Com
merce and the CPS are used to measure labor input for government enterprises,
proprietors, and unpaid family workers.
Output: Business sector output is an annual-weighted index constructed after
excluding from gross domestic product (GDP) the following outputs: General
government, nonprofit institutions, paid employees of private households, and
the rental value of owner-occupied dwellings. Corresponding exclusions also
are made in labor inputs. Business output accounted for about 77 percent of
the value of GDP in 1996. Nonfarm business, which also excludes farming,
accounted for about 76 percent of GDP in 1996.
Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods
components are constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of
production data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census with deflators from the
BEA. These deflators are based on data from the BLS producer price program
and other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using annual
weights, and intrasector transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing
output measures are based on the index of industrial production prepared
monthly by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System adjusted to
be consistent with annual indexes of manufacturing sector output prepared by
BLS. Durables include the following 2-digit SIC industries: Primary metal
industries; fabricated metal products; nonelectrical machinery; industrial
and commercial machinery and computer equipment; electronic and other
electrical equipment; transportation equipment; instruments; lumber and
lumber products; furniture and fixtures; stone, clay, and glass and concrete
products; and miscellaneous manufactures. Nondurables include: Food and
kindred products, tobacco products, textile mill products, apparel products,
paper and allied products, printing and publishing, chemicals and chemical
products, petroleum refining and related industries, rubber and plastic
products, and leather and leather products.
Nonfinancial corporate output is an annual-weighted index constructed by
excluding from GDP the following outputs: General government; nonprofit
institutions; employees of private households; the rental value of owner-oc
cupied dwellings; unincorporated business; and those corporations which are
depository institutions, nondepository institutions, security and commodity
brokers, insurance carriers, regulated investment offices, small business
investment offices, and real estate investment trusts. Nonfinancial
corporations accounted for about 53 percent of the value of GDP in 1996.
Productivity: These productivity measures describe the relationship between
real output and the labor time involved in its production. They show the
changes from period to period in the amount of goods and services produced
per hour. Although these measures relate output to hours at work of all
persons engaged in a sector, they do not measure the specific contribution of
labor, capital, or any other factor of production. Rather, they reflect the
joint effects of many influences, including changes in technology; capital
investment; level of output; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials;
the organization of production; managerial skill; and the characteristics and
effort of the work force.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; Federal Relay Service
number: 1-800-877-8339.

Table 1. Business sector:
Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs,
and prices, seasonally adjusted
Real
Year
Output per
Hours
CompensacompensaUnit
Unit nonImplicit
and
hour of
of all
tion per
tion per
labor
labor pay- price
quarter
all persons Output
persons
hour (1)
hour (2)
costs
ments (3)
deflator (4)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Indexes 1992=100
1998

1999

I
II
III
IV

109.7
110.0
110.6
111.6

126.8
127.7
128.9
131.0

115.6
116.1
116.6
117.4

117.1
118.5
120.0
121.4

102.9
103.8
104.7
105.5

106.7
107.7
108.5
108.8

116.4
115.1
114.6
114.6

110.3
110.5
110.7
110.9

ANNUAL

110.5

128.6

116.4

119.3

104.3

107.9

115.2

110.6

I
II
III
IV

112.6
112.8
114.2
116.3

132.3
133.1
135.3
138.5

117.5
118.0
118.5
119.1

123.0
124.5
126.1
127.3

106.4
106.9
107.6
107.8

109.3
110.4
110.5
109.5

115.1
114.1
114.3
116.8

111.4
111.8
111.9
112.2

ANNUAL

114.0

134.8

118.3

125.2

107.3

109.9

115.1

111.8

2000

I
116.7
140.3
120.2
128.4
107.7
110.0
118.2
113.0
II
r118.7
r142.4
120.0
r130.6
108.5
110.0
r120.0
113.7
III
119.7
143.5
119.9
132.4
109.2
110.7
120.1
114.2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
1998

1999

I
II
III
IV

4.7
1.1
2.1
3.9

7.9
2.9
3.7
6.8

3.1
1.7
1.5
2.8

6.2
5.1
5.1
4.8

5.5
3.5
3.6
3.2

1.5
3.9
3.0
0.9

-1.5
-4.2
-1.9
0.2

0.3
0.7
1.1
0.6

ANNUAL

2.7

5.0

2.3

5.3

3.9

2.5

-1.7

0.8

I
II
III
IV

3.3
0.9
4.9
7.7

3.8
2.6
6.6
9.9

0.5
1.7
1.7
2.1

5.2
5.0
5.3
3.8

3.6
1.7
2.6
0.9

1.9
4.1
0.4
-3.6

1.8
-3.5
0.7
9.0

1.9
1.2
0.5
1.0

ANNUAL

3.1

4.8

1.6

5.0

2.9

1.8

0.0

1.1

2000

I
1.6
5.3
3.7
3.5
r-0.6
1.9
4.8
3.0
II
r6.9
r6.3
-0.6
r7.0
r3.2
r0.0
r6.2
r2.4
III
3.2
3.0
-0.2
5.8
2.7
2.5
0.5
1.7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
1998

1999

2000

I
II
III
IV

3.2
2.5
2.1
2.9

5.8
4.7
4.4
5.3

2.5
2.1
2.2
2.3

4.5
5.5
5.7
5.3

3.1
4.0
4.3
4.0

1.2
2.9
3.5
2.3

0.9
-2.4
-3.3
-1.9

1.1
0.8
0.8
0.7

ANNUAL

2.7

5.0

2.3

5.3

3.9

2.5

-1.7

0.8

I
II
III
IV

2.6
2.5
3.2
4.1

4.3
4.2
4.9
5.7

1.6
1.6
1.7
1.5

5.1
5.0
5.1
4.8

3.5
3.0
2.8
2.2

2.4
2.4
1.8
0.7

-1.0
-0.9
-0.2
1.9

1.1
1.2
1.0
1.1

ANNUAL

3.1

4.8

1.6

5.0

2.9

1.8

0.0

1.1

I
3.7
6.1
2.3
4.4
1.2
0.7
2.7
1.4
II
r5.2
r7.0
1.7
r4.9
1.5
r-0.3
r5.1
r1.7
III
4.8
6.1
1.2
5.0
1.5
0.2
5.1
2.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------See footnotes following Table 6.
November 2, 2000
r=revised
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

Table 2. Nonfarm business sector:
and prices, seasonally adjusted

Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs,

Real
Year
Output per
Hours
CompensacompensaUnit
Unit nonImplicit
and
hour of
of all
tion per
tion per
labor
labor pay- price
quarter
all persons Output
persons
hour (1)
hour (2)
costs
ments (3)
deflator (4)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Indexes 1992=100
1998

1999

I
II
III
IV

109.3
109.8
110.3
111.2

127.1
128.1
129.2
131.4

116.3
116.7
117.2
118.1

116.4
117.9
119.4
120.8

102.3
103.2
104.2
104.9

106.5
107.5
108.3
108.5

117.4
116.3
115.8
115.8

110.5
110.7
111.0
111.2

ANNUAL

110.2

129.0

117.1

118.6

103.8

107.7

116.3

110.8

I
II
III
IV

112.0
112.1
113.6
115.8

132.6
133.4
135.6
138.9

118.4
118.9
119.4
120.0

122.1
123.6
125.2
126.5

105.7
106.1
106.8
107.2

109.0
110.2
110.3
109.3

116.7
115.7
116.1
118.6

111.8
112.2
112.4
112.7

ANNUAL

113.4

135.1

119.2

124.4

106.5

109.7

116.8

112.3

2000

I
116.3
140.7
120.9
127.8
r107.1
109.8
120.1
113.6
II
r118.1
r142.9
121.0
r129.6
107.7
109.7
r121.8
r114.1
III
119.2
144.0
120.8
131.6
108.6
110.4
122.0
114.6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
1998

1999

I
II
III
IV

4.5
1.6
1.8
3.6

8.2
3.1
3.7
6.8

3.5
1.5
1.8
3.1

6.1
5.3
5.2
4.5

5.3
3.8
3.7
2.8

1.5
3.6
3.3
0.8

-1.4
-3.8
-1.8
0.2

0.4
0.7
1.3
0.6

ANNUAL

2.6

5.1

2.4

5.1

3.7

2.4

-1.4

0.9

I
II
III
IV

2.6
0.6
5.2
8.0

3.6
2.4
7.0
10.0

1.0
1.8
1.7
1.8

4.5
5.0
5.5
4.2

2.8
1.7
2.8
1.3

1.8
4.3
0.3
-3.5

2.9
-3.1
1.3
8.9

2.2
1.5
0.6
1.0

ANNUAL

2.9

4.8

1.8

4.8

2.7

1.8

0.4

1.3

2000

I
1.9
5.2
3.2
3.9
r-0.2
1.9
5.2
3.2
II
r6.1
r6.5
0.4
r5.9
r2.2
r-0.2
r5.7
r2.0
III
3.8
3.0
-0.8
6.4
3.2
2.5
0.8
1.8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
1998

1999

2000

I
II
III
IV

3.0
2.5
2.1
2.9

5.8
4.8
4.6
5.4

2.7
2.3
2.4
2.5

4.3
5.3
5.7
5.3

2.9
3.8
4.2
3.9

1.2
2.8
3.5
2.3

1.3
-2.1
-3.1
-1.7

1.2
0.9
0.9
0.8

ANNUAL

2.6

5.1

2.4

5.1

3.7

2.4

-1.4

0.9

I
II
III
IV

2.4
2.2
3.0
4.1

4.3
4.1
4.9
5.7

1.8
1.9
1.9
1.6

4.9
4.8
4.8
4.8

3.3
2.8
2.6
2.2

2.4
2.6
1.8
0.7

-0.7
-0.5
0.3
2.4

1.2
1.4
1.2
1.3

ANNUAL

2.9

4.8

1.8

4.8

2.7

1.8

0.4

1.3

I
3.9
6.1
2.1
4.6
r1.4
0.7
3.0
1.6
II
r5.3
r7.2
1.8
r4.9
1.5
-0.4
r5.2
r1.7
III
5.0
6.1
1.1
5.1
1.6
0.1
5.1
2.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------See footnotes following Table 6.
November 2, 2000
r=revised
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

Table 3. Manufacturing sector:
seasonally adjusted

Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,

Real
Year
Output per
Hours
CompensacompensaUnit
and
hour of
of all
tion per
tion per
labor
quarter
all persons
Output
persons
hour (1)
hour (2)
costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Indexes 1992=100

1998

1999

I
II
III
IV

121.3
r123.0
r125.6
r127.4

r128.6
r129.9
r131.3
r133.2

106.0
105.6
104.5
104.5

115.2
116.6
118.1
119.4

101.2
102.1
103.0
103.7

95.0
r94.8
r94.0
r93.7

ANNUAL

r124.3

r130.7

105.2

117.3

102.6

r94.4

I
II
III
IV

r129.5
r131.1
r132.5
r135.8

r134.0
r135.6
r137.2
r139.6

103.5
103.5
103.5
102.8

120.7
122.4
124.1
125.5

104.4
105.1
105.9
106.4

r93.2
r93.4
r93.7
r92.5

ANNUAL

r132.2

r136.6

103.3

123.2

105.5

r93.2

2000

I
r138.4
r142.0
102.6
127.0
106.5
r91.8
II
r140.3
r144.6
103.1
r128.2
r106.6
r91.4
III
142.5
145.8
102.3
130.3
107.5
91.5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
1998

1999

I
II
III
IV

r5.1
r5.7
r8.7
r5.9

r5.2
r4.0
r4.3
r6.0

0.1
-1.6
-4.1
0.1

6.8
5.0
5.0
4.6

6.0
3.4
3.5
2.9

r1.6
r-0.7
r-3.4
r-1.3

ANNUAL

r6.2

r5.9

-0.3

5.3

3.9

r-0.8

I
II
III
IV

6.8
4.8
4.5
10.2

2.5
4.9
4.6
7.1

-4.0
0.1
0.1
-2.8

4.5
5.7
5.9
4.6

2.8
2.5
3.2
1.7

-2.2
0.9
1.4
-5.1

ANNUAL

r6.3

r4.5

-1.7

5.0

2.9

r-1.3

2000

I
7.9
7.1
-0.7
4.6
r0.5
-3.0
II
r5.7
r7.7
1.9
r4.0
r0.4
r-1.6
III
6.4
3.1
-3.0
6.7
3.5
0.3
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
1998

1999

2000

I
II
III
IV

r5.9
r6.3
r6.2
r6.4

r6.9
r6.3
r5.5
r4.9

0.9
0.0
-0.7
-1.4

4.4
5.6
5.9
5.3

3.0
4.0
4.4
4.0

r-1.4
r-0.7
r-0.3
r-1.0

ANNUAL

r6.2

r5.9

-0.3

5.3

3.9

r-0.8

I
II
III
IV

r6.8
r6.6
r5.5
6.5

r4.2
r4.4
r4.5
4.8

-2.4
-2.0
-0.9
-1.7

4.8
4.9
5.2
5.2

3.2
2.9
2.9
2.5

r-1.9
r-1.5
r-0.3
-1.3

ANNUAL

r6.3

r4.5

-1.7

5.0

2.9

r-1.3

I
6.8
5.9
-0.8
5.2
2.0
-1.5
II
7.0
r6.6
-0.4
r4.8
r1.4
r-2.1
III
7.5
6.3
-1.2
5.0
1.5
-2.4
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------See footnotes following Table 6.
November 2, 2000
r=revised
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector:
seasonally adjusted

Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,

Real
Year
Output per
Hours
CompensacompensaUnit
and
hour of
of all
tion per
tion per
labor
quarter
all persons
Output
persons
hour (1)
hour (2)
costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Indexes 1992=100
1998

1999

I
II
III
IV

129.6
r132.4
r136.8
r139.7

r144.6
r147.1
r150.7
r154.5

111.5
111.2
110.2
110.5

112.6
113.8
115.1
116.6

99.0
99.6
100.4
101.3

86.9
r86.0
r84.1
r83.4

ANNUAL

r134.6

r149.2

110.8

114.5

100.1

r85.0

I
II
III
IV

r142.8
r146.0
r148.0
r151.6

r155.6
r159.1
r162.5
r165.3

109.0
109.0
109.8
109.0

118.1
120.1
121.9
123.6

102.2
103.1
104.0
104.7

r82.7
r82.2
r82.3
r81.5

ANNUAL

r147.1

r160.6

109.2

120.9

103.6

r82.2

2000

I
r156.2
r170.0
108.8
124.8
r104.6
r79.9
II
r160.4
r176.0
109.7
r125.9
r104.6
r78.5
III
164.1
178.6
108.8
127.7
105.3
77.8
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
1998

1999

I
II
III
IV

r7.1
r8.7
r14.2
r8.8

r8.8
r7.3
r10.1
r10.2

1.6
-1.2
-3.5
1.3

6.2
4.2
4.6
5.3

5.4
2.6
3.1
3.7

r-0.8
r-4.1
r-8.4
r-3.2

ANNUAL

r9.0

r9.6

0.5

5.2

3.8

r-3.5

I
II
III
IV

8.9
9.4
5.6
10.0

3.1
9.3
8.7
7.1

-5.4
-0.1
2.9
-2.7

5.4
6.8
6.2
5.7

3.7
3.5
3.5
2.8

-3.3
-2.4
0.6
-3.9

ANNUAL

r9.3

r7.6

-1.5

5.6

3.4

r-3.4

2000

I
12.7
11.8
-0.8
3.9
r-0.3
-7.9
II
r11.1
r14.9
3.4
r3.5
r-0.1
r-6.8
III
9.6
6.0
-3.3
5.9
2.8
-3.4
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
1998

1999

2000

I
II
III
IV

r8.2
r8.7
r9.5
r9.7

r10.3
r9.5
r9.4
r9.1

1.9
0.8
-0.1
-0.5

4.5
5.5
5.7
5.1

3.1
4.0
4.2
3.7

r-3.5
r-2.9
r-3.5
r-4.2

ANNUAL

r9.0

r9.6

0.5

5.2

3.8

r-3.5

I
II
III
IV

r10.1
r10.3
r8.2
8.5

r7.6
r8.1
r7.8
7.0

-2.2
-2.0
-0.4
-1.4

4.9
5.5
5.9
6.0

3.3
3.5
3.6
3.4

r-4.8
r-4.3
r-2.1
-2.3

ANNUAL

r9.3

r7.6

-1.5

5.6

3.4

r-3.4

I
9.4
9.2
-0.2
5.7
r2.4
-3.4
II
r9.8
r10.6
0.7
r4.8
r1.5
-4.6
III
10.9
9.9
-0.9
4.8
1.3
-5.5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------See footnotes following Table 6.
November 2, 2000
r=revised
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector:
seasonally adjusted

Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,

Real
Year
Output per
Hours
CompensacompensaUnit
and
hour of
of all
tion per
tion per
labor
quarter
all persons
Output
persons
hour (1)
hour (2)
costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Indexes 1992=100
1998

1999

I
II
III
IV

r115.4
116.0
r116.6
117.4

r113.9
113.9
113.1
r113.3

98.7
98.2
97.0
96.6

118.3
120.1
121.8
122.7

104.0
105.1
106.2
106.6

r102.5
r103.6
104.4
104.6

ANNUAL

r116.3

113.6

97.6

120.7

105.6

r103.8

I
II
III
IV

118.5
r118.1
119.2
r122.2

r113.8
113.6
113.5
115.5

96.1
96.2
95.2
94.5

123.7
124.9
126.4
127.2

107.1
107.2
107.8
107.8

104.4
105.7
106.0
r104.1

ANNUAL

119.5

114.1

95.5

125.5

107.5

105.0

2000

I
r122.6
115.7
94.4
129.0
r108.2
105.2
II
122.4
115.4
r94.3
r130.5
r108.5
r106.6
III
123.0
115.2
93.6
133.1
109.8
108.2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
1998

1999

I
II
III
IV

r2.9
r1.9
r2.3
2.5

r0.7
r-0.2
r-2.6
0.8

-2.1
-2.0
-4.9
-1.7

7.6
6.2
5.7
3.1

6.8
4.7
4.2
1.5

r4.5
r4.2
r3.3
0.6

ANNUAL

r3.0

r1.5

-1.5

5.3

3.9

r2.3

I
II
III
IV

3.7
-1.0
3.7
10.5

1.8
-0.8
-0.5
7.3

-1.8
0.3
-4.0
-2.9

3.2
3.9
4.9
2.6

1.6
0.7
2.2
-0.2

-0.5
r5.0
1.2
-7.2

ANNUAL

2.7

0.5

-2.1

4.0

1.9

r1.2

2000

I
1.3
0.7
-0.6
5.9
r1.7
4.5
II
r-0.7
r-1.2
r-0.4
r4.6
r1.0
r5.4
III
2.0
-0.6
-2.6
8.1
4.9
5.9
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
1998

1999

2000

I
II
III
IV

3.5
r3.7
r2.3
r2.4

3.1
r2.5
r0.6
r-0.3

-0.4
-1.2
-1.6
-2.7

4.0
5.5
6.1
5.7

2.6
4.0
4.6
4.3

r0.4
r1.8
r3.7
r3.2

ANNUAL

r3.0

r1.5

-1.5

5.3

3.9

r2.3

I
II
III
IV

r2.6
r1.9
2.2
4.1

r-0.1
r-0.2
0.3
1.9

-2.6
-2.0
-1.8
-2.1

4.6
4.0
3.8
3.6

3.0
2.0
1.5
1.1

r1.9
2.1
1.5
-0.5

ANNUAL

2.7

0.5

-2.1

4.0

1.9

r1.2

I
3.5
1.6
-1.8
4.3
r1.1
r0.8
II
3.6
1.5
-2.0
r4.5
r1.2
r0.9
III
3.2
1.5
-1.6
5.3
1.8
2.0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------See footnotes following Table 6.
November 2, 2000
r=revised
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

Table 6. Nonfinancial corporations:
and prices, seasonally adjusted

Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,

Output
Hourly
Real
Unit
Total
Unit
Implicit
Year
per allcompenhourly
Unit
nonunit
proprice
and
employee
Employee sation
compenlabor
labor
costs
fits
deflator
quarter
hour
Output hours
(1)
sation(2) costs
costs(6) (7)
(8)
(4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Indexes 1992=100
1998

1999

I
II
III
IV

112.3
113.4
114.9
115.8

132.4
134.2
136.6
138.6

117.9
118.3
118.9
119.6

115.2
116.6
118.0
119.3

101.2
102.1
103.0
103.7

102.6
102.8
102.7
103.0

100.5
100.9
100.2
101.6

102.0
102.3
102.1
102.6

150.4
147.2
151.4
144.5

106.1
106.1
106.2
106.2

ANNUAL

114.2

135.5

118.6

117.4

102.7

102.8

100.8

102.2

148.3

106.1

I
II
III
IV

117.1
118.2
119.7
121.5

140.6
142.5
145.0
148.1

120.0
120.5
121.1
122.0

120.9
122.4
124.0
125.3

104.6
105.1
105.8
106.1

103.2
103.5
103.6
103.1

100.7
101.4
102.1
102.5

102.5
103.0
103.2
103.0

149.7
147.5
143.3
145.7

106.5
106.7
106.6
106.6

ANNUAL

119.2

144.0

120.9

123.2

105.5

103.4

101.7

102.9

146.5

106.6

2000

I
122.3
150.4
122.9
126.1
105.8
103.1
103.3
103.1
150.9
107.2
II
r124.0
r152.7
123.2
r128.0
r106.4
r103.3
r104.0
103.4
r155.0
107.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
1998

1999

I
II
III
IV

2.6
4.0
5.2
3.4

6.1
5.6
7.4
5.9

3.4
1.6
2.0
2.5

5.4
5.0
5.0
4.4

4.6
3.4
3.5
2.8

2.7
1.0
-0.2
1.0

0.3
1.6
-2.5
5.5

2.1
1.1
-0.8
2.2

-14.7
-8.3
11.9
-17.0

-0.1
0.0
0.6
-0.3

ANNUAL

3.6

6.5

2.8

4.8

3.4

1.2

0.0

0.8

-5.3

0.1

I
II
III
IV

4.4
3.8
5.1
6.1

5.7
5.5
7.2
9.0

1.3
1.7
2.0
2.8

5.3
5.0
5.4
4.1

3.6
1.8
2.7
1.2

0.9
1.2
0.3
-1.8

-3.5
3.0
2.6
1.9

-0.3
1.7
0.9
-0.9

15.1
-5.6
-11.1
7.1

1.4
0.8
-0.6
0.0

ANNUAL

4.3

6.3

1.9

4.9

2.8

0.6

0.9

0.7

-1.2

0.4

2000

I
2.9
6.2
3.2
2.7
r-1.4
-0.2
3.0
0.7
14.9
2.3
II
r5.4
r6.4
0.9
r6.1
r2.3
0.6
r2.6
r1.2
r11.3
r2.3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
1998

1999

2000

I
II
III
IV

3.2
3.8
3.6
3.8

6.8
6.7
6.4
6.2

3.5
2.8
2.7
2.4

4.0
5.0
5.3
4.9

2.6
3.5
3.8
3.6

0.8
1.1
1.6
1.1

-0.1
-0.5
-0.6
1.2

0.5
0.7
1.0
1.1

-2.7
-5.2
-5.6
-7.7

0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0

ANNUAL

3.6

6.5

2.8

4.8

3.4

1.2

0.0

0.8

-5.3

0.1

I
II
III
IV

4.2
4.2
4.2
4.8

6.1
6.1
6.1
6.9

1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9

4.9
4.9
5.0
5.0

3.3
2.9
2.7
2.4

0.7
0.7
0.8
0.1

0.2
0.5
1.8
0.9

0.5
0.7
1.1
0.3

-0.5
0.2
-5.4
0.9

0.4
0.6
0.3
0.4

ANNUAL

4.3

6.3

1.9

4.9

2.8

0.6

0.9

0.7

-1.2

0.4

I
4.5
7.0
2.4
4.3
r1.1
-0.1
2.6
0.6
0.8
0.6
II
r4.9
r7.2
2.2
r4.6
1.2
-0.3
r2.5
r0.5
r5.1
1.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------See footnotes following Table 6.
November 2, 2000
r=revised
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Census
Bureau of the U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Reserve Board. Compensation and
hours data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of Economic
Analysis.
RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as more
complete information becomes available. The measures are first published
within 40 days of the close of the reference period; revisions appear 30 days
later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days. In the business
sector, the third publication (second revision) of a quarterly index of
output per hour of all persons has differed from the initial value by between
-1.7 and +2.3 index points approximately 95 percent of the time. This
interval is based on the performance of this measure between the fourth
quarter of 1995 and the second quarter of 2000.

Footnotes, Tables 1-6
(1)

Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social
insurance and private benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial
corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include an
estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the selfemployed.

(2)

The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index for
all urban consumers (CPI-U). The trend from 1978-1999 is based on the
Consumer Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS).

(3)

Unit nonlabor payments include profits, capital consumption allowances,
interest, rental income of persons, and indirect taxes.

(4)

Current dollar output divided by the output index.

(5)

Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate from the
original data rather than index numbers. Annual changes: Percent
change between annual average levels.

(6)

Unit nonlabor costs include capital consumption allowances, interest,
rental income of persons, and indirect taxes. For nonfinancial
corporations, rental income of persons is zero by definition.

(7)

Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.

(8)

Unit profits include corporate profits with inventory valuation and
capital consumption adjustments.

Appendix table 1. Manufacturing sector:
Indexes 1992=100

Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,

Real
Output per
Hours
CompensacompensaUnit
hour of
of all
tion per
tion per
labor
Year
all persons
Output
persons
hour (1)
hour (2)
costs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1949
33.5
26.5
79.1
8.3
45.1
24.7
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954

34.0
33.8
35.2
36.3
37.3

29.1
31.1
32.9
35.6
33.4

85.5
92.1
93.3
98.1
89.6

8.7
9.5
10.2
10.7
11.2

46.8
47.7
49.9
52.3
54.2

25.5
28.3
28.9
29.5
30.1

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

38.8
38.6
39.4
40.0
40.9

36.7
37.1
37.2
34.7
37.8

94.6
96.0
94.5
86.6
92.5

11.7
12.4
13.2
13.8
14.3

56.6
59.3
60.8
61.9
63.7

30.1
32.1
33.4
34.4
34.9

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964

41.8
42.8
44.2
45.7
47.4

38.5
38.4
41.2
43.1
45.7

92.1
89.7
93.4
94.4
96.4

14.9
15.3
15.9
16.4
17.0

65.2
66.5
68.3
69.5
71.5

35.6
35.8
36.0
35.8
36.0

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

48.5
49.1
50.9
52.7
53.5

49.5
53.3
54.9
57.7
59.4

102.0
108.6
108.0
109.6
110.9

17.4
18.2
19.2
20.7
22.2

71.8
73.0
74.7
77.2
78.5

35.9
37.1
37.7
39.2
41.4

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

54.2
57.8
60.3
61.4
61.2

56.5
58.1
63.3
67.8
66.1

104.4
100.5
105.1
110.4
107.9

23.7
25.2
26.5
28.5
31.6

79.5
80.8
82.3
83.4
83.4

43.8
43.5
43.9
46.4
51.7

1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

64.3
67.0
69.7
70.4
69.8

62.5
68.2
73.9
77.8
78.7

97.2
101.9
106.1
110.6
112.7

35.5
38.4
41.8
45.2
49.6

85.6
87.8
89.6
90.6
90.9

55.2
57.4
60.0
64.2
71.1

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

70.1
70.7
74.2
76.7
79.4

75.3
75.6
72.7
75.9
83.7

107.5
107.0
97.9
98.9
105.3

55.6
61.1
67.0
68.8
71.2

91.7
92.1
95.4
94.2
93.6

79.3
86.3
90.2
89.7
89.6

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

82.3
85.9
88.3
90.2
90.3

86.0
88.5
91.6
96.1
96.6

104.6
103.0
103.8
106.6
107.1

75.1
78.5
80.7
84.0
86.6

95.6
98.1
97.5
97.9
96.8

91.3
91.4
91.4
93.1
96.0

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

92.8
95.0
100.0
101.9
105.0

97.3
95.4
100.0
103.3
108.7

104.8
100.4
100.0
101.4
103.6

90.8
95.6
100.0
102.7
105.6

96.6
98.1
100.0
100.2
100.8

97.8
100.6
100.0
100.8
100.7

1995
109.0
113.4
104.0
107.9
100.4
99.0
1996
112.8
116.9
103.7
109.3
99.0
96.9
1997
117.1
123.5
105.5
111.4
98.8
95.1
1998
124.3
130.7
105.2
117.3
102.6
94.4
1999
132.2
136.6
103.3
123.2
105.5
93.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------See footnotes following Table 6.
November 2, 2000
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

Appendix table 2. Durable manufacturing sector:
and unit labor costs,
Indexes 1992=100

Productivity, hourly compensation,

Real
Output per
Hours
CompensacompensaUnit
hour of
of all
tion per
tion per
labor
Year
all persons
Output
persons
hour (1)
hour (2)
costs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1949
31.5
22.7
72.0
8.1
44.1
25.6
1950
1951
1952

33.3
32.0
33.9

26.7
29.0
31.5

80.3
90.6
92.9

8.5
9.4
10.1

45.9
47.1
49.7

25.6
29.4
29.9

1953
1954

35.8
35.8

35.8
31.7

99.9
88.4

10.7
11.2

52.0
54.0

29.8
31.2

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

37.4
35.8
36.3
36.0
37.3

35.3
34.6
34.6
30.3
34.1

94.4
96.6
95.4
84.2
91.4

11.7
12.4
13.2
13.9
14.4

56.6
59.3
60.8
62.5
64.3

31.2
34.7
36.3
38.6
38.6

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964

37.7
38.3
40.2
41.9
43.4

34.4
33.6
37.2
39.6
42.1

91.3
87.8
92.7
94.3
97.0

15.0
15.4
16.0
16.5
17.1

65.7
66.9
68.9
69.9
71.8

39.7
40.2
39.9
39.3
39.5

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

45.6
46.3
47.2
49.4
50.1

47.5
52.4
53.1
56.3
58.0

104.1
113.1
112.3
113.9
115.6

17.4
18.2
19.2
20.6
22.1

72.0
73.0
74.5
77.1
78.4

38.3
39.3
40.5
41.8
44.1

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

49.8
54.0
56.6
58.9
57.2

53.1
54.6
60.5
67.8
64.8

106.5
101.1
107.0
115.2
113.3

23.8
25.4
26.6
28.6
31.6

79.6
81.4
82.8
83.6
83.3

47.7
46.9
47.1
48.5
55.3

1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

59.1
62.5
65.7
66.6
66.7

59.0
65.2
72.3
77.7
80.2

99.7
104.3
110.0
116.5
120.1

35.7
38.8
42.1
45.3
49.7

86.2
88.6
90.3
90.8
91.1

60.4
62.0
64.1
67.9
74.4

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

66.7
67.5
70.1
74.0
78.5

75.4
75.8
70.5
74.8
86.5

113.1
112.3
100.6
101.2
110.2

55.9
61.5
67.5
69.1
71.0

92.2
92.8
96.2
94.5
93.4

83.8
91.2
96.3
93.4
90.5

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

80.5
84.7
87.8
90.0
90.1

88.7
90.9
94.0
99.8
99.9

110.2
107.3
107.1
110.8
110.9

74.8
78.5
80.9
83.7
86.3

95.1
98.1
97.7
97.6
96.4

92.8
92.6
92.1
93.0
95.7

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

92.5
93.9
100.0
103.3
108.0

99.3
95.1
100.0
104.9
113.0

107.3
101.3
100.0
101.5
104.7

90.3
95.3
100.0
102.9
105.6

96.1
97.8
100.0
100.3
100.8

97.7
101.4
100.0
99.6
97.8

1995
113.1
120.2
106.2
107.5
100.1
95.1
1996
118.1
126.6
107.2
107.3
97.2
90.9
1997
123.5
136.2
110.3
108.9
96.5
88.1
1998
134.6
149.2
110.8
114.5
100.1
85.0
1999
147.1
160.6
109.2
120.9
103.6
82.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------See footnotes following Table 6.
November 2, 2000
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

Appendix table 3. Nondurable manufacturing sector:
and unit labor costs,
Indexes 1992=100

Productivity, hourly compensation,

Real
Output per
Hours
CompensacompensaUnit
hour of
of all
tion per
tion per
labor
Year
all persons
Output
persons
hour (1)
hour (2)
costs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1949
34.9
30.9
88.5
8.6
47.1
24.7
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954

35.2
36.2
37.2
37.8
39.4

32.5
34.0
35.0
36.2
36.0

92.5
94.0
93.9
95.6
91.3

9.0
9.8
10.3
10.8
11.3

48.6
48.8
50.4
52.5
54.8

25.6
27.0
27.6
28.5
28.8

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

41.0
42.6
43.8
45.1
46.2

38.9
40.6
40.8
40.5
43.4

94.8
95.1
93.2
89.8
93.9

11.7
12.4
13.1
13.6
14.1

56.5
59.2
60.7
61.3
63.0

28.4
29.1
30.0
30.2
30.5

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964

47.5
48.8
49.8
51.5
53.7

44.3
45.0
47.0
48.6
51.3

93.2
92.3
94.4
94.4
95.5

14.7
15.2
15.7
16.2
16.9

64.7
66.1
67.6
68.8
70.8

31.0
31.2
31.5
31.5
31.5

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

53.7
54.2
57.0
58.6
60.0

53.2
55.6
58.3
60.8
62.8

99.1
102.7
102.3
103.8
104.6

17.3
18.0
19.1
20.5
22.0

71.3
72.3
74.3
76.5
77.9

32.2
33.3
33.5
35.0
36.6

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974

61.7
64.6
67.6
67.9
69.8

62.6
64.5
69.3
70.6
70.4

101.5
99.8
102.5
104.0
100.9

23.6
24.9
26.1
28.1
31.3

79.0
79.7
81.0
82.3
82.6

38.2
38.5
38.5
41.4
44.9

1975
1976
1977

72.4
74.2
76.9

68.0
73.2
77.6

93.9
98.7
100.9

34.9
37.7
40.9

84.2
86.0
87.7

48.1
50.7
53.2

1978
1979

77.8
76.7

79.8
78.9

102.6
102.8

44.4
48.7

89.1
89.2

57.1
63.5

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

76.5
76.9
80.3
81.4
82.9

76.6
76.8
75.8
78.1
81.9

100.1
99.9
94.4
95.9
98.8

54.3
59.5
65.6
68.0
70.7

89.5
89.8
93.4
93.1
92.9

70.9
77.4
81.6
83.6
85.2

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

86.5
89.1
90.8
92.2
91.8

84.0
86.7
90.3
93.0
93.5

97.1
97.3
99.4
100.9
101.9

74.7
77.7
79.8
83.7
86.5

95.0
97.1
96.5
97.6
96.7

86.3
87.2
87.9
90.7
94.3

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

94.0
96.0
100.0
100.6
102.5

95.4
95.3
100.0
101.8
104.7

101.4
99.3
100.0
101.2
102.1

91.0
95.8
100.0
102.5
105.4

96.9
98.4
100.0
99.9
100.5

96.8
99.9
100.0
101.9
102.8

1995
105.6
106.7
101.1
107.9
100.4
102.3
1996
108.6
107.6
99.0
111.8
101.2
102.9
1997
113.0
111.9
99.1
114.6
101.6
101.5
1998
116.3
113.6
97.6
120.7
105.6
103.8
1999
119.5
114.1
95.5
125.5
107.5
105.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------See footnotes following Table 6.
November 2, 2000
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics