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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, April 13, 2023 Technical information: (202) 691-7705 • ppi-info@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ppi Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov USDL 23-0676 PRODUCER PRICE INDEXES – MARCH 2023 The Producer Price Index for final demand declined 0.5 percent in March, seasonally adjusted, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Final demand prices were unchanged in February and increased 0.4 percent in January. (See table A.) On an unadjusted basis, the index for final demand advanced 2.7 percent for the 12 months ended in March. In March, two-thirds of the decline in the index for final demand can be attributed to a 1.0-percent decrease in prices for final demand goods. The index for final demand services moved down 0.3 percent. Prices for final demand less foods, energy, and trade services edged up 0.1 percent in March after rising 0.2 percent in February. For the 12 months ended in March, the index for final demand less foods, energy, and trade services increased 3.6 percent. Chart 1. One-month percent changes in selected PPI final demand price indexes, seasonally adjusted Percent change 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 -1.0 -2.0 Mar'22 Apr May June July Final demand Aug Sep Oct Nov Final demand goods Dec Jan Feb Mar'23 Final demand services Chart 2. Twelve-month percent changes in selected PPI final demand price indexes, not seasonally adjusted Percent change 18.0 15.0 12.0 9.0 6.0 3.0 0.0 Mar'22 Apr May June Final demand July Aug Sep Oct Final demand goods Nov Dec Jan Final demand services Feb Mar'23 Final Demand Final demand goods: Prices for final demand goods decreased 1.0 percent in March after falling 0.3 percent in February. The March decline is attributable to the index for final demand energy, which dropped 6.4 percent. In contrast, prices for final demand goods less foods and energy and for final demand foods advanced 0.3 percent and 0.6 percent, respectively. Product detail: Eighty percent of the March decline in the index for final demand goods can be traced to an 11.7-percent drop in prices for gasoline. The indexes for diesel fuel, residential natural gas, jet fuel, electric power, and fresh and dry vegetables also fell. Conversely, prices for light motor trucks increased 0.7 percent. The indexes for chicken eggs and for meats also moved higher. (See table 2.) Final demand services: Prices for final demand services moved down 0.3 percent in March, the largest decline since falling 0.5 percent in April 2020. Leading the March decrease, margins for final demand trade services dropped 0.9 percent. (Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.) The index for final demand transportation and warehousing services fell 1.3 percent. In contrast, prices for final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing edged up 0.1 percent. Product detail: A 7.3-percent drop in margins for machinery and vehicle wholesaling was a major factor in the March decrease in prices for final demand services. The indexes for truck transportation of freight, portfolio management, fuels and lubricants retailing, loan services (partial), and automobiles and automobile parts retailing also moved down. Conversely, prices for guestroom rental rose 4.6 percent. The indexes for food retailing and for transportation of passengers (partial) also advanced. 2 Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type Within intermediate demand in March, prices for processed goods declined 1.0 percent, the index for unprocessed goods fell 5.0 percent, and prices for services decreased 0.5 percent. (See tables B and C.) Processed goods for intermediate demand: The index for processed goods for intermediate demand declined 1.0 percent in March after moving down 0.4 percent in February. A major factor in the March decrease was a 5.1-percent drop in prices for processed energy goods. The index for processed foods and feeds edged down 0.1 percent. In contrast, prices for processed materials less foods and energy advanced 0.1 percent. For the 12 months ended in March, the index for processed goods for intermediate demand moved down 1.0 percent, the largest 12-month decrease since a 1.6-percent decline in September 2020. Product detail: One-third of the March decrease in prices for processed goods for intermediate demand can be traced to a 6.5-percent decline in the index for diesel fuel. Prices for gasoline, utility natural gas, electric power, ethanol, and formula feeds also moved lower. Conversely, the index for primary basic organic chemicals rose 5.6 percent. Prices for structural, architectural, and pre-engineered metal products and for meats also increased. Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand: The index for unprocessed goods for intermediate demand moved down 5.0 percent in March, the largest decline since falling 9.7 percent in October 2022. The broadbased decrease in March was led by prices for unprocessed energy goods, which dropped 11.9 percent. The indexes for unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs and for unprocessed nonfood materials less energy also moved lower, 1.3 percent and 0.3 percent, respectively. For the 12 months ended in March, prices for unprocessed goods for intermediate demand declined 17.0 percent, the largest 12-month decrease since a 20.1-percent drop in May 2020. Product detail: Half of the March decline in the index for unprocessed goods for intermediate demand is due to a 10.2-percent decrease in prices for crude petroleum. The indexes for natural gas; corn; raw milk; hay, hayseeds, and oilseeds; and raw cotton also fell. In contrast, prices for ungraded chicken eggs jumped 44.1 percent. The indexes for nonferrous metal ores and for coal also moved higher. 3 Services for intermediate demand: The index for services for intermediate demand moved down 0.5 percent in March following a 0.3-percent increase in February. Over half of the broad-based decline can be attributed to a 0.5-percent decrease in prices for services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for intermediate demand. The index for transportation and warehousing services for intermediate demand fell 0.9 percent. Margins for trade services for intermediate demand declined 0.5 percent. For the 12 months ended in March, the index for services for intermediate demand increased 4.2 percent. Product detail: Nearly 60 percent of the March decline in the index for services for intermediate demand can be attributed to a 5.4-percent decrease in prices for loan services (partial). The indexes for portfolio management, truck transportation of freight, gross rents for retail properties, arrangement of freight and cargo transportation, and fuels and lubricants retailing also moved lower. Conversely, margins for food wholesaling increased 1.8 percent. The indexes for deposit services (partial) and for transportation of passengers (partial) also advanced. Intermediate Demand by Production Flow Stage 4 intermediate demand: The index for stage 4 intermediate demand moved down 0.5 percent in March following no change in February. In March, prices for both total services inputs and for total goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand declined 0.5 percent. (See table D.) Decreases in the indexes for loan services (partial), portfolio management, electric power, gross rents for retail properties, corn, and diesel fuel outweighed increases in the indexes for food wholesaling, motor vehicles and equipment, and investment banking. For the 12 months ended in March, prices for stage 4 intermediate demand moved up 3.2 percent. 4 Stage 3 intermediate demand: The index for stage 3 intermediate demand decreased 1.0 percent in March after declining 0.2 percent in February. In March, prices for total goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand fell 1.3 percent, and the index for total services inputs moved down 0.7 percent. Lower prices for raw milk, diesel fuel, loan services (partial), corn, jet fuel, and arrangement of freight and cargo transportation outweighed increases in the indexes for ungraded chicken eggs, slaughter cattle, and temporary help services. For the 12 months ended in March, prices for stage 3 intermediate demand decreased 1.7 percent, the largest 12-month decline since falling 2.4 percent in September 2020. Stage 2 intermediate demand: Prices for stage 2 intermediate demand fell 2.7 percent in March, the largest decline since moving down 4.7 percent in October 2022. In March, the index for total goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand dropped 5.2 percent, and prices for total services inputs declined 0.8 percent. Decreases in the indexes for crude petroleum; gas fuels; loan services (partial); fuels and lubricants retailing; hay, hayseeds, and oilseeds; and ethanol outweighed advances in the indexes for carbon steel scrap, deposit services (partial), and food wholesaling. For the 12 months ended in March, prices for stage 2 intermediate demand moved down 4.0 percent, the largest 12-month decline since a 5.3-percent drop in July 2020. Stage 1 intermediate demand: Prices for stage 1 intermediate demand decreased 0.7 percent in March after falling 0.4 percent in February. In March, the index for total goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand moved down 1.2 percent, and prices for total services inputs fell 0.2 percent. Declining prices for diesel fuel, corn, utility natural gas, ethanol, portfolio management, and truck transportation of freight outweighed increases in the indexes for guestroom rental, primary basic organic chemicals, and investment banking. For the 12 months ended in March, prices for stage 1 intermediate demand advanced 0.4 percent. ________________ The Producer Price Index for April 2023 is scheduled to be released on Thursday, May 11, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET). 5 Technical Note from the Benchmark Input-Output Accounts of the U.S. In many cases, the same commodity is purchased by different types of buyers. As a result, commodities are often included in several FD-ID indexes. For example, regular gasoline is purchased for personal consumption, export, government use, and business use. The PPI program publishes only one commodity index for regular gasoline (wpu057104), reflecting sales to all types of buyers, and this index is used in all aggregations regardless of whether the gasoline is sold for personal consumption, as an export, to government, or to businesses. Proportions based on BEA “Use of Commodities” data are used to allocate the correct portion of the total weight of gasoline to each use category. In cases when buyer type is an important price determining characteristic, indexes are created based on specific buyer type. For example, within the PPI category for loan services, separate indexes for consumer loans and business loans were constructed. For more information relating to the FD-ID structure, see “A new, experimental system of indexes from the PPI program” in the February 2011 Monthly Labor Review. Brief Explanation of Producer Price Indexes The Producer Price Index (PPI) of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is a family of indexes that measures the average change over time in prices received (price changes) by producers for domestically produced goods, services, and construction. PPIs measure price change from the perspective of the seller. This contrasts with other measures, such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI). CPIs measure price change from the purchaser’s perspective. More than 10,000 PPIs for individual products and groups of products are released each month. PPIs are available for the products of virtually every industry in the mining and manufacturing sectors. Over time, new PPIs have been introduced for products of industries in the services and construction sectors of the U.S. economy. As of January 2023, the PPI covered 69 percent of services as measured by 2017 Census revenue, and 17 percent of construction. More than 64,000 price quotations per month are organized into three sets of PPIs: (1) Final demandIntermediate demand (FD-ID) indexes, (2) commodity indexes, and (3) indexes for the net output of industries and their products. The FD-ID structure organizes products by class of buyer and degree of fabrication as well as by stage of production. The commodity structure organizes products by similarity of end use or product type. The entire output of various industries is sampled to derive price indexes for the net output of industries and their products. Final Demand: The final demand portion of the FD-ID structure measures price change for commodities sold for personal consumption, capital investment, government, and export. The system is composed of six main price indexes: final demand goods; final demand trade services; final demand transportation and warehousing services; final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing; final demand construction; and overall final demand. The final demand goods index measures price change for both unprocessed and processed goods sold to final demand. Fresh fruits sold to consumers and computers sold for capital investment are examples of transactions included in the final demand goods price index. The final demand trade services index measures price change for the retailing and wholesaling of merchandise sold to final demand, generally without transformation. (Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.) The final demand transportation and warehousing services index tracks price change for transportation of passengers, as well as, transportation of cargo sold to final demand, and also includes prices for warehousing and storage of goods sold to final demand. The final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing index measures price change for all services other than trade and transportation sold to final demand. Publishing, banking, lodging, and health care are examples of these services. The final demand construction index tracks price change for new construction, as well as maintenance and repair construction sold to final demand. Construction of office buildings is an example of a commodity that would be included in the final demand construction index. Lastly, the overall final demand index tracks price change for all types of commodities sold to final demand by combining the five final demand component indexes described above. Final Demand–Intermediate Demand Indexes The PPI FD-ID structure measures price change for goods, services, and construction sold to final demand and to intermediate demand. The FD-ID system replaced the PPI stage-of-processing (SOP) system as PPI’s primary aggregation model with the release of data for January 2014. The FD-ID model expands coverage beyond that of the SOP system through the addition of services, construction, exports, and government purchases. Compared with finished goods under the SOP system, the PPI for final demand goods includes nearly a 50 percent expansion of coverage. This increase can be traced to the addition of government purchases and exports. For overall final demand, expansion to include final demand services represents an even larger increase in coverage. In December 2022, final demand goods were about 30.7 percent of overall final demand, final demand services were roughly 66.6 percent, and final demand construction was about 2.7 percent of final demand. Within intermediate demand, coverage of services for intermediate demand resulted in about a 45 percent increase in coverage of the intermediate demand portion of the economy. FD-ID indexes are constructed from commodity-based producer output price indexes. Commodities are allocated to aggregate indexes primarily based on the type of buyer. The main source of data used to determine the type of buyer is the “Use of commodities by industries, before redefinition,” table Intermediate Demand: The intermediate demand portion of the FD-ID system tracks price change for goods, services, and construction products sold to businesses as inputs to 6 intermediate demand index, for example, tracks price change for inputs consumed, but not produced, by industries included in the fourth stage of production. Hence, the index tracks price change in inputs to industries that primarily produce final demand commodities (stage 4 producers primarily produce commodities sold to final demand). Examples of heavily weighted goods-producing industries in stage 4 include the manufacture of light trucks and utility vehicles, automobiles, and pharmaceuticals. Retail trade, food service and drinking places, and hospitals are examples of heavily weighted service industries included in stage 4. Stage 4 also includes all new construction industries. Examples of goods consumed by stage 4 industries include motor vehicle parts, commercial electric power, plastic construction products, biological products, and beef and veal. Engineering services, machinery and equipment wholesaling, long distance motor carrying, and legal services constitute examples of services consumed by stage 4 industries. Examples of highly weighted goods-producing industries included in stage 3 are motor vehicle parts manufacturing, animal (except poultry) slaughtering and processing, and semiconductor manufacturing. Services industries classified in stage 3 include wholesale trade; insurance carriers; architecture, engineering, and related services; and hotels and motels. Examples of goods consumed by stage 3 industries include slaughter steers and heifers, industrial electric power, and hot rolled steel bars, plates, and structural shapes. Services commonly consumed by stage 3 industries include commissions from sales of property and casualty insurance, business loans, temporary help services, and administrative and general management consulting services. Petroleum refineries; electricity generation, transmission, and distribution; natural gas distribution; cattle ranching and farming; and plastic materials and resin manufacturing are among the goods-based industries assigned to stage 2. Services industries that are heavily weighted in stage 2 include management of companies and enterprises; non-depository credit intermediation; insurance agencies and brokerages; and services to buildings and dwellings. Goods commonly purchased by stage 2 industries include crude oil, natural gas, formula feeds, and primary basic organic chemicals. Services that are heavily weighted in the intermediate demand stage 2 index are legal services, business loans, and cellular phone and other wireless telecommunication. Goods producing industries in stage 1 include oil and gas extraction, paper mills, and grain farming. Real estate, legal services, and advertising services are examples of highly weighted services industries included in stage 1. Examples of goods consumed by stage 1 industries are commercial and industrial electric power and gasoline. Services commonly consumed by stage 1 industries include solid waste collection, chemicals and allied products wholesaling, and guestroom or unit rental. It should be noted that all inputs purchased by stage 1 industries are by definition produced either within stage 1 or by latter stages of processing, leaving stage 1 less useful for price transmission analysis. For additional information on industry stage assignments, see www.bls.gov/ppi/fd-id/ppi-intermediate-demand-byproduction-flow-industry-stage-assignments.htm. production, excluding capital investment. The system includes two parallel treatments of intermediate demand. The first treatment organizes intermediate demand commodities by type. The second organizes intermediate demand commodities into production stages, with the explicit goal of developing a forward-flow model of production and price change. The intermediate demand by commodity type portion of the system organizes commodities by similarity of product. The system is composed of six main price indexes: unprocessed goods for intermediate demand; processed goods for intermediate demand; intermediate demand trade services; intermediate demand transportation and warehousing services; intermediate demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing; and intermediate demand construction. The unprocessed goods for intermediate demand price index measures price change for goods sold to businesses as inputs to production that have undergone no fabrication. Crude petroleum sold to refineries is an example of an unprocessed good sold to intermediate demand. The processed goods for intermediate demand index tracks price change for fabricated goods sold as business inputs. Examples include car parts sold to car manufacturers and gasoline sold to trucking companies. The index for trade services for intermediate demand measures price change for the services of retailing and wholesaling goods purchased by businesses as inputs to production. The intermediate demand transportation and warehousing services index measures price change for business travel, as well as, transportation and warehousing of cargo sold to intermediate demand. The intermediate demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing index measures price change for services other than trade, transportation, and warehousing sold as inputs to production. Legal and accounting services purchased by businesses are examples of intermediate demand services excluding trade, transportation, and warehousing. Finally, the construction for intermediate demand index measures price change for construction purchased by firms as inputs to production. The index for construction for intermediate demand tracks price change for maintenance and repair construction purchased by firms. The production flow treatment of intermediate demand is a stage-based system of price indexes. These indexes can be used to study price transmission across stages of production and final demand. This system is constructed in a manner that maximizes forward flow of production between stages, while minimizing back-flow of production. The production flow treatment contains four main indexes: intermediate demand stage 1, intermediate demand stage 2, intermediate demand stage 3, and intermediate demand stage 4. Indexes for the four stages were developed by first assigning each industry in the economy to one of four stages of production, where industries assigned to the fourth stage primarily produce output consumed as final demand, industries in the third stage primarily produce output consumed by stage 4 industries, industries assigned to the second stage primarily produce output consumed by stage 3 industries, and industries assigned to the first stage produce output primarily consumed by stage 2 industries. The four indexes then track prices for the net inputs consumed by industries in each of the four stages of production. The stage 4 7 Comparing the PPI with CPI addition, most industries have secondary product indexes that show changes in prices received by establishments for products chiefly made in some other industry. Some industries have miscellaneous receipts indexes that track price changes for other sources of revenue received by establishments within the industry that are not derived from sales of their products; for example, resales of purchased materials, or revenues from parking lots owned by a manufacturing plant. Although some data users utilize the PPI as a potential indicator of the Consumer Price Index (CPI), there are many reasons why the PPI and the CPI may diverge. The scope of the personal consumption portion of the PPI includes all marketable output sold by domestic producers for households. The scope of the CPI includes goods and services provided by business or government, where explicit user charges are paid by consumers. For example, the most heavily weighted item in the CPI, owners’ equivalent rent, is excluded from the PPI. The scope of the CPI includes imports. The PPI excludes imports. The CPI only includes components of personal consumption directly paid for by the consumers, while the PPI includes components of personal consumption that may not be paid for by consumers. For example, the PPI includes medical services paid for by third parties. In contrast to CPI, PPI does not completely cover services. PPIs exclude taxes, since they do not represent producer revenue. Conversely, sales and other taxes paid by consumers are part of household expenditure and are included in the CPI. Additional technical differences between PPI and CPI also exist. For more information see “Comparing new final demand producer price indexes with other Government price indexes,” Monthly Labor Review, January 2014, at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/. Data Collection PPIs are constructed using selling prices reported by establishments of all sizes, selected by probability sampling, with the probability of selection proportionate to size. Individual items and transaction terms also are chosen by probability proportionate to size. BLS strongly encourages cooperating companies to supply actual transaction prices at the time of shipment to minimize the use of list prices. Prices submitted by survey respondents are effective on the Tuesday of the week containing the 13th day of the month. The survey is conducted online via the BLS Internet Data Collection Facility (IDCF). Data provided by survey respondents are supplemented with data from other sources for some areas. Price data are provided by survey respondents on a voluntary and confidential basis; only sworn BLS employees are allowed access to individual company price reports. BLS publishes price indexes, not actual prices. All PPIs are subject to monthly revisions up to 4 months after original publication to reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents. BLS periodically updates the PPI sample of survey respondents to better reflect current conditions when the structure, membership, technology, or product mix of an industry shifts significantly and to spread reporting burden among smaller firms. Information on these resampling efforts are noted in the PPI News Release and PPI Detailed Report in the months they occur. As part of an ongoing effort to expand coverage to sectors of the economy other than mining and manufacturing, an increasing number of service and construction sector industries have been introduced into the PPI. The following list of industries introduced since the mid-1990s includes the month and year in which an article describing the industry’s content appeared in the PPI Detailed Report. Commodity Indexes The commodity classification of the PPI organizes goods, services, and construction by similarity of product or end use, disregarding industry of origin. With the release of data for July 2009, PPI expanded its commodity structure to include indexes for services and construction products. Prior to this date, the PPI commodity structure only included products from goods producing sectors. Table 9 of the PPI Detailed Report includes data for commodity indexes, organized in a hierarchal structure, including major groupings, subgroups, product classes, sub-product classes, and individual items. Industry Net-Output Price Indexes PPIs for the net output of industries and their products are grouped according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Prior to the release of January 2004, industry-based PPIs were published according to the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. Industry price indexes are compatible with other economic time series organized by industry, such as data on employment, wages, and productivity. Table 11 of the PPI Detailed Report includes data for NAICS industries and industry groups (3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-digit codes), Census product classes (7- and 8-digit codes), products (9-digit codes), more detailed sub-products (11-digit codes), and, for some industries, indexes for other sources of revenue. Indexes may represent one of three kinds of product categories. Every industry has primary product indexes that show changes in prices received by establishments classified in the industry for products made primarily, but not necessarily exclusively, by that industry. The industry classification of an establishment is determined by which products make up a plurality of its total shipment value. In Service and construction sector industries introduced into the Producer Price Index, by SIC or NAICS code at their date of introduction and the PPI Detailed Report issue that announces their introduction PPI Detailed Title Code Report Issue SIC 8 Wireless telecommunications …………. 4812 July 1999 Telephone communications, except radio telephone …………………………. Television broadcasting ……………….. 4813 4833 July 1995 July 2002 Grocery stores ………………………….. 5411 July 2000 Meat and fish (seafood) markets ……... 5421 July 2000 Fruit and vegetable markets …………... 5431 July 2000 Candy, nut, and confectionery stores … 5441 July 2000 Title Code PPI Detailed Report Issue Title Code SIC PPI Detailed Report Issue NAICS Retail bakeries ………………………….. 5461 July 2000 Miscellaneous food stores …………….. 5499 July 2000 July 2000 Construction, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment rental and leasing ……………………………………. Management consulting services ……... New car dealers ………………………… 5511 532412 541610 January 2005 January 2007 Gasoline service stations ……………… Boat dealers …………………………….. 5541 January 2002 Security guards and patrol services …... 561612 July 2005 5551 January 2002 Offices of dentists ……………………….. 621210 January 2011 Recreational vehicle dealers ………….. 5561 January 2002 Blood and organ banks ………………… 621991 January 2007 Miscellaneous retail ……………………. 59 January 2001 Amusement and theme parks …………. 713110 July 2006 Golf courses and country clubs ……….. 713910 July 2006 Fitness and recreational sports centers . 713940 July 2005 Commercial machinery repair and maintenance……………………………... 811310 July 2007 Security brokers, dealers, and investment bankers …………………….. Investment advice ……………………… 6211 6282 January 2001 January 2003 Life insurance carriers …………………. 6311 January 1999 Property and casualty insurance ……… 6331 July 1998 Insurance agencies and brokerages …. 6412 January 2003 Operators and lessors of nonresidential buildings …………………………………. Real estate agents and managers ……. 6512 6531 January 1996 January 1996 Prepackaged software …………………. 7372 January 1998 Data processing services ……………… 7374 January 2002 Home health care services ……………. 8082 January 1997 Legal services …………………………... 8111 January 1997 8711 January 1997 8712 January 1997 9331 July 1998 Engineering design, analysis, and consulting services …………………….. Architectural design, analysis, and consulting services ……………………... Premiums for property and casualty insurance ………………………………... Weights Weights for most commodity groupings of the PPI, as well as, weights for commodity-based aggregate indexes calculated from commodity groupings, such as FD-ID indexes, currently reflect 2017 values of shipments as reported in the Census of Manufactures and other sources. From January 2018 to December 2022, PPI weights were derived from 2012 shipment values. Industry indexes now are calculated under the 2022 NAICS structure utilizing 2017 value of shipment weights and 2012 net output ratios. The periodic update of the value weights used to calculate the PPI is done to more accurately reflect changes in production and marketing patterns in the economy. Net output values of shipments are used as weights for industry indexes. Net output values refer to the value of shipments from establishments within the industry to buyers outside the industry. However, weights for commodity indexes are based on gross shipment values, including values of shipments between establishments within the same industry. As a result, broad commodity grouping indexes, such as the PPI for All Commodities (which is composed of major commodity groupings 01 through 15), are affected by the multiple counting of price change at successive stages of processing, which can lead to exaggerated or misleading signals about inflation. The intermediate demand by commodity type FD-ID indexes partially correct for this defect, but industry indexes, final demand FD-ID indexes, and intermediate demand by production flow FD-ID indexes consistently correct for this at all levels of aggregation. Therefore, industry and FD-ID indexes are more appropriate than broad commodity groupings for analysis of general price trends. NAICS New Industrial building construction ….. 236211 January 2008 New warehouse building construction .. 236221 July 2005 New school construction ………………. 236222 July 2006 New office construction ………………... 236223 January 2007 New health care building construction... 236224 January 2013 23811X July 2008 23816X July 2008 Concrete contractors, nonresidential building work ……………………………. Roofing contractors, nonresidential building work ……………………………. Electrical contractors, nonresidential building work ……………………………. Plumbing / HVAC contractors, nonresidential building work ..…………. Merchant wholesalers, durable goods .. 23821X July 2008 23822X 423 July 2008 July 2005 Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods …………………………………….. Electronics and appliance stores ……... 424 443 July 2005 January 2004 444 January 2004 451 452 January 2004 January 2004 Miscellaneous store retailers ………….. 453 January 2004 Pipeline transportation of natural gas…. 486210 June 2022 Internet service providers ………………. 518111 July 2005 Internet publishing and web search portals ………………..…………………... Commercial banking ……………………. 519130 522110 January 2010 January 2005 Savings institutions ……………………... 522120 January 2005 Direct health and medical insurance carriers …………………………………… 524114 July 2004 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers…………………….. Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores ……………………………... General merchandise stores ………….. Price Index Reference Base Effective with publication of January 1988 data, many important PPI series (including most commodity groups and individual items) were placed on a new reference base, 1982 = 100. From 1971 through 1987, the standard reference base for most PPI series was 1967 = 100. Except for rounding differences, the shift to the new reference base did not alter any previously published percent changes for affected PPI series. (See “Calculating Index Changes,” below.) The 1982 9 that are generally cited when escalating long-term contracts such as purchasing agreements or real estate leases. For more information, see Price Adjustment Guide for Contracting Parties, on the Web at: www.bls.gov/ppi/publications/priceadjustment-guide-for-contracting-parties.htm. Seasonal adjustment is accomplished using X-13 ARIMA, a software package published by the U.S. Census Bureau. Each year, the seasonal status of most commodity indexes is reevaluated to reflect more recent price behavior. Industry net output indexes are not seasonally adjusted. For time series that exhibit seasonal pricing patterns, new seasonal factors are estimated and applied to the unadjusted data from the prior 5 years. Updated seasonally adjusted indexes replace the most recent 5 years of seasonal data. Seasonal factors may be applied to series using either a direct or an aggregative method. Generally, commodity indexes are seasonally adjusted using direct seasonal adjustment, which produces a more complete elimination of seasonal movements than does the aggregative method. However, the direct seasonal adjustment process may not yield figures that possess additive consistency. Thus, a seasonally adjusted index for a broad category that is directly adjusted may not be logically consistent with all seasonally adjusted indexes for its components. Seasonal movements for FD-ID indexes are derived indirectly through an aggregative method that combines movements of a wide variety of subproduct class (six-digit) series. Seasonally adjusted indexes can become problematic when previously stable and predictable price patterns abruptly change. If the new pattern persists, the seasonal adjustment method will eventually reflect it; if the pattern keeps shifting, however, seasonally adjusted data will become chronically troublesome. This problem occurs relatively infrequently for farm and food-related products, but has more often affected manufactured products such as automobiles and steel. Since January 1988, the PPI has used Intervention Analysis Seasonal Adjustment methods to enhance the calculation of seasonal factors. With this technique, outlier values that may distort the seasonal pattern are removed from the data prior to applying the standard seasonal factor estimation procedure. For example, a possible economic cause for large price movements for petroleum-based products might have been the COVID-19 pandemic. In this case, intervention techniques allowed for better estimates of seasonally adjusted data. On the whole, very few series have required intervention. Out of over 400 seasonally adjusted commodity series, 69 were subject to intervention in 2023. For more information relating to seasonal adjustment methods, see “PPI and CPI Seasonal Adjustment: an Update” in the July 2010 Monthly Labor Review, and “PPI and CPI Seasonal Adjustment During the COVID-19 Pandemic” in the May 2022 Monthly Labor Review. reference base is not used for commodity indexes with a base later than December 1981 or for industry net output indexes and their products. The FD-ID indexes typically have a reference base of November 2009 = 100. For further information on the underlying concepts and methodology of the Producer Price Index, see chapter 14, “Producer Prices,” in the BLS Handbook of Methods. This chapter can be downloaded from the BLS Web site at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/homch14.htm. Calculating Index Changes Each PPI measures price changes from a reference period that equals 100.0. An increase of 5.5 percent from the reference period in the Final Demand Goods Price Index, for example, is shown as 105.5. This change also can be expressed in dollars, as follows: prices received by domestic producers of a sample of final demand goods have risen from $100 in November 2009 to $105.50. Likewise, a current index of 90.0 would indicate that prices received by producers of final demand goods are 10 percent lower than they were in November 2009. Movements of price indexes from one month to another are usually expressed as percent changes, rather than as changes in index points. Index point changes are affected by the level of the index in relation to its base period, whereas percent changes are not. The following example shows the computation of index point and percent changes. Index point change Final Demand Goods Price Index 107.5 Less previous index 104.0 Equals index point change 3.5 Index percent change Index point change 3.5 Divided by the previous index 104.0 Equals 0.034 Result multiplied by 100 0.034 x 100 Equals percent change 3.4 Seasonally Adjusted and Unadjusted Data Because price data are used for different purposes by different groups, BLS publishes seasonally adjusted and unadjusted changes each month. Seasonally adjusted data are preferred for analyzing general price trends in the economy because these data eliminate the effect of changes that normally occur at about the same time, and in about the same magnitude, every year—such as price movements resulting from normal weather patterns, regular production and marketing cycles, model changeovers, seasonal discounts, and holidays. For these reasons, seasonally adjusted data more clearly reveal underlying trends. Unadjusted data are of primary interest to users who need information that can be related to actual dollar values of transactions. Individuals requiring this information include marketing specialists, purchasing agents, budget and cost analysts, contract specialists, and commodity traders. It is the unadjusted data Producer Price Index Data on the Internet In 1995, the BLS began posting PPI series, news releases, and technical information to the internet. There were more than 13 million instances of PPI data being downloaded from the BLS website during 2022. 10 Commodity code wps141101 wpu141101 Retrieving PPI data from the PPI Web site PPI data can be obtained online (www.bls.gov/ppi). On this page, under the tab labeled “Featured PPI databases” links provide the following methods of data retrieval: • • wpufd4 Top Picks is a form-based application for both Industry Data and Commodity Data that allows the user to quickly obtain PPI time series data by selecting the high-level aggregate and other commonly requested time series, including the All Commodities Index and the FD-ID indexes (for example, Final Demand). Within each list, any one—or all—of the time series shown can be selected. A user can modify the date range and output options after executing the query, using the reformat button above the data output table. wpsid63 One-Screen Data Search and Multi-Screen Data Search are form-based query applications for both Industry Data and Commodity Data designed for users unfamiliar with the PPI coding structure. These applications guide a user through the PPI classification by listing index titles and do not require knowledge of commodity or industry codes. Data retrieved are based on a query formulated by selecting data characteristics from lists provided. Two options are available to create customized tables, depending on a user’s browser capability. The one-screen option is a JavaScript application that uses a single screen to guide a user through the available time series data. The second option is a multiple-screen, non-Java-based application. Both methods allow a user to browse the PPI coding structure and select multiple series. Users can modify the date range and output options after executing the query using the reformat button above the data output table. wdu0635 Provides data for: Passenger cars, seasonally adjusted Passenger cars, not seasonally adjusted Final demand, not seasonally adjusted Services for intermediate demand, seasonally adjusted For discontinued commodity indexes, series identifiers combine a “wdu” prefix (not seasonally adjusted) or a “wds” prefix (seasonally adjusted) with a commodity code. Commodity code wds019 wdusi138011 Provides data for: Other farm products, seasonally adjusted Preparations, ethical (prescription), not seasonally adjusted Stainless steel mill products, not seasonally adjusted Current price indexes grouped by industry according to NAICS have series identifiers that begin with the prefix “pcu.” After the prefix, there are 12 digits (the 6digit industry code is listed twice) followed by up to 7 alphanumeric characters identifying product detail. Dashes are used as placeholders for higher-level industry group codes. Industry-product code, current NAICS series pcu325---325--pcu336110336110 pcu621111621111411 • Series Report is a form-based application that allows users to input multiple, formatted PPI time series identifiers (commodity or industry codes) as inputs in extracting data according to a specified set of date ranges and output options. This application provides the most efficient path for users who are familiar with the format of PPI time series identifiers. There are five alphabetic prefixes used to create unique PPI time series identifiers: WP, WD, PC, PD, and ND. Each provides the user access to a different PPI database. Adding either a “u” (not seasonally adjusted) or an “s” (seasonally adjusted) to the end of these prefixes further specifies the type of data needed. Provides data for: Chemical manufacturing Automobile and light duty motor vehicle manufacturing Offices of physicians, one- and two-physician practices and single-specialty group practices, general/family practice Discontinued industry-product codes based on SIC combine a “pdu” prefix and “#” between the fourth and fifth characters of the product code. Series identifiers for the discontinued dataset use underscores as placeholders to complete a reference to an SIC industry group code of fewer than four digits. (All PPI industry-based indexes organized by SIC were discontinued with the introduction of NAICS in 2004.) EXAMPLES Industry-product code, discontinued SIC series pdu28_ _# pdu331_# For commodity and FD-ID indexes, series identifiers combine a “wpu” prefix (not seasonally adjusted) or a “wps” prefix (seasonally adjusted) with a commodity code. pdu3711#111 11 Provides data for: Chemicals and allied products Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling and finishing mills Passenger cars Price indexes for discontinued series grouped by industry according to NAICS have identifiers that begin with the prefix “ndu”. After the prefix, there are 12 numeric digits (the 6-digit industry code is listed twice), and up to 7 additional alphanumeric characters that identify product detail. Dashes are used as placeholders for higher-level group codes. Industry-product code, discontinued NAICS series ndu212231212231 ndu2122312122312 ndu212231212231214 • Directory: Industry Data Industry Data - Discontinued (NAICS basis) (SIC basis) Commodity Data (incl. FD-ID) Commodity Data – Discontinued Special requests /pub/time.series/pc /pub/time.series/nd /pub/time.series/pd /pub/time.series/wp /pub/time.series/wd /pub/special.requests/ppi Additional information Provides data for Lead and zinc ore mining Lead, zinc concentrates Lead concentrates The PPI homepage (www.bls.gov/ppi) contains additional information regarding PPI data and methodology. The “PPI Publications” section of the homepage provides PPI news releases, both current and archived, as well as general PPI information. The “PPI Tables” section provides relative importance and seasonal factor tables. The remaining sections offer special notices and publications pertaining to PPI methodology and applications. For questions or comments regarding PPI data classification, methodology, or data availability on the Internet, call or e-mail the Section of Index Analysis and Public Information at (202) 691-7705 or ppi-info@bls.gov. If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services. Text Files are best suited for users requiring access to either a large volume of time series data or other PPI-related documentation, such as seasonal factor tables and relative importance tables. The text files can be accessed at download.bls.gov/ or directly from links on the “PPI Databases” page or the PPI homepage. Data and documentation available for download include the following: 12 Table 1. Producer price index percentage changes and weights for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand groupings, seasonally adjusted [March 2023] Commodity code Grouping Group code Item code Relative Importance Dec. 20221 Unadjusted 12-month percent change2 Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change2 Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023p Oct. to Nov. Nov. to Dec.p Dec. to Jan.p Jan. to Feb.p Feb. to Mar.p Final Demand Final demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished consumer foods3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished consumer foods, crude. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished consumer foods, processed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government purchased foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foods for export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished consumer energy goods3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government purchased energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy for export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand goods less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished goods less foods and energy3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished consumer goods less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable consumer goods less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable consumer goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private capital equipment for manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private capital equipment for nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . Government purchased goods, excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government purchased goods excluding foods, energy, and capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government purchased capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods for export, excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand trade services4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade of finished goods3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade of personal consumption goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade of private capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade of government purchased goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade of government purchased goods, excluding capital equipment. . . Trade of government purchased capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade of exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers for final demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of private passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of government passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers for export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods for final demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of finished goods3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of personal consumption goods. . . . . Transportation and warehousing of private capital equipment. . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of government purchased goods. . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . Finished services less trade, transportation, and warehousing3. . . . . . . . . . . Finished consumer services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private capital investment services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government purchased services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gov. purchased services less trade, transportation, and warehousing, excl. capital investment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government purchased capital investment services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services for export less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . Final demand construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction for private capital investment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction for government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD 4 41 411 4111 41113 41112 4112 4113 412 4121 4122 4123 413 4131 41311 413111 413112 41312 413121 413122 4132 100.000 30.721 5.953 4.521 0.606 3.915 0.408 1.024 5.845 4.458 0.933 0.454 18.922 10.796 5.749 3.454 2.295 5.047 1.225 3.822 1.972 2.7 2.0 5.1 6.7 9.7 5.8 3.4 -2.0 -7.2 -6.4 -8.1 -12.1 4.3 6.4 6.1 7.1 4.6 6.8 7.9 6.4 3.7 0.4 0.3 3.3 3.7 21.7 1.1 1.1 2.2 -2.3 -2.5 -2.0 -1.4 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.1 -0.2 -1.4 -0.9 -0.8 -0.9 -0.8 -0.2 -1.4 -6.3 -4.5 -12.7 -11.9 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 1.3 -1.3 -1.2 -16.6 1.1 0.0 -1.9 5.5 5.5 7.3 1.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.0 -0.3 -2.2 -2.6 -18.7 -0.5 -1.4 -1.2 -0.3 0.3 -2.3 -3.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 0.6 1.1 6.4 0.6 0.4 -1.6 -6.4 -6.6 -6.2 -5.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD 41321 41322 4133 42 423 4231 42311 42312 4232 42321 42322 4233 422 4221 42211 42212 42213 4222 42221 422211 422212 42222 42223 421 4211 1.163 0.809 6.154 66.603 19.642 16.988 13.855 3.133 0.746 0.463 0.283 1.908 5.218 1.282 0.865 0.103 0.314 3.936 2.565 2.062 0.503 0.233 1.138 41.742 36.483 4.4 2.8 0.8 2.8 2.4 2.5 3.1 -0.5 2.5 3.9 0.0 2.2 0.5 11.7 11.7 11.6 11.8 -3.1 -3.8 -3.6 -4.7 -0.8 -1.9 3.1 3.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.3 -0.2 2.6 2.1 1.1 3.7 1.8 -0.4 -3.6 -3.6 -3.5 -3.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.2 -0.2 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.6 3.0 1.4 -0.9 5.2 0.8 0.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 -1.1 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -0.9 -1.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.0 -1.1 -1.2 -1.0 -2.2 -1.4 -0.8 -2.4 -0.1 -0.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 -1.4 -1.6 -1.5 -1.9 -0.9 -1.1 0.6 0.6 -0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 -1.3 -0.3 0.3 -1.4 -0.8 -0.9 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -0.7 -0.8 -0.8 -0.9 -0.5 -0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.3 -0.9 -0.7 -0.4 -2.4 -2.0 -0.3 -4.8 -1.5 -1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 -2.2 -2.4 -2.3 -2.6 -1.9 -2.0 0.1 0.2 FD 42111 32.129 3.0 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.2 FD 42112 4.354 3.0 -0.1 0.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 FD 4212 2.674 2.2 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.2 -0.1 FD 42121 2.515 2.3 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.1 -0.1 FD FD FD FD FD 42122 4213 43 431 432 0.159 2.585 2.676 1.861 0.815 1.4 6.3 15.6 16.5 14.0 -1.0 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8 0.5 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 Final demand less exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FD Final demand less government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FD 49101 49102 86.423 92.116 3.0 2.8 0.3 0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 -0.5 -0.5 Special Groupings of Final Demand See footnotes at end of table. 13 Table 1. Producer price index percentage changes and weights for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand groupings, seasonally adjusted — Continued [March 2023] Commodity code Grouping Group code Final demand less foods, food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption, and energy5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand less foods and energy5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand less foods and food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand less foods5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand less trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand less distributive services6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand goods less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand goods less foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand services less trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand distributive services6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand goods plus final demand distributive services6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand less foods, energy, and trade services5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private and government purchased capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private and government purchased capital investment services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private and government purchased capital investment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total finished3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total finished less foods, food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption, and energy3, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total finished less foods and energy3, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total finished less foods and food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption3, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total finished less foods3, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total finished less energy3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished goods3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished goods less energy3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished goods, excluding foods3, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished services3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private capital investment services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished distributive services3, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished services less trade services3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished services less distributive services3, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private capital investment (goods, services, and construction). . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished goods plus finished distributive services3, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods for export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services for export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total government purchases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government purchased goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government purchased services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total government purchased capital investment (goods, services, construction).. . Government purchases, defense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government purchases, non-defense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption goods (finished consumer goods). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption goods less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption goods less foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption nondurable goods less foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption less trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption less distributive services6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption less foods, energy, and trade services4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption less foods, energy, and distributive services6. . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption goods plus personal consumption distributive services6. . . Item code Relative Importance Dec. 20221 Unadjusted 12-month percent change2 Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change2 Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023p Oct. to Nov. Nov. to Dec.p Dec. to Jan.p Jan. to Feb.p Feb. to Mar.p FD FD 49103 49104 87.788 88.202 3.4 3.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD 49105 49106 49107 49108 49109 49111 49112 49113 49114 49115 49116 49117 49118 49119 49201 93.633 94.047 94.155 80.358 76.422 24.875 24.767 46.960 23.578 54.298 68.560 5.856 8.432 14.288 78.537 2.6 2.6 3.5 2.8 3.1 4.4 1.5 2.8 1.6 1.8 3.6 6.2 1.4 4.8 3.0 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.3 1.0 -0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.7 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 0.3 -0.5 -0.4 -0.1 -1.5 0.2 0.7 -0.5 0.2 0.3 1.5 0.9 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.8 0.9 0.2 1.9 0.5 -1.2 0.2 0.6 0.7 -0.8 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.3 0.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.6 -0.2 0.0 -0.6 -0.6 -0.1 -0.4 -0.3 0.4 -1.4 0.0 -1.1 -1.1 0.1 0.4 -1.2 -0.4 -0.4 FD FD 49202 49203 69.149 69.558 3.6 3.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD 49204 49205 49206 49207 49208 49209 49210 49211 49212 49213 49214 49215 49216 49301 49302 49303 49401 49402 49403 49404 49405 49406 49501 49502 49503 49504 49508 49505 49506 49507 49510 49511 49512 49509 73.607 74.016 74.079 19.775 15.317 15.254 56.901 7.990 19.553 39.913 37.348 14.898 39.328 13.577 7.632 5.945 7.884 3.313 3.756 2.066 2.342 5.542 63.639 14.728 10.270 10.207 7.912 48.911 49.784 47.722 54.660 40.805 38.743 30.645 2.8 2.8 3.8 3.2 6.4 2.4 2.7 1.3 1.7 2.7 3.2 4.7 2.4 1.3 -0.3 3.8 2.4 0.3 2.5 6.2 0.7 3.1 2.7 2.0 6.3 0.3 -0.7 2.9 2.5 2.8 3.3 3.3 3.7 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.4 1.4 -0.4 0.4 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.2 1.2 0.1 -0.4 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.5 1.9 -0.8 -1.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 -1.1 -0.1 -1.2 0.5 1.4 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.8 -0.2 -0.4 -1.0 0.5 -1.5 -3.6 0.5 0.9 -1.7 -1.5 -0.1 -1.6 -0.3 -2.0 -2.5 0.4 -0.4 -0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 -0.6 0.4 0.4 0.0 1.5 0.1 2.3 0.0 -0.8 -1.3 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.6 1.3 2.3 0.3 0.5 1.3 1.2 0.4 1.7 -0.2 3.0 3.7 0.1 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.5 0.3 0.1 -0.6 0.0 0.2 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.2 -0.4 -0.9 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 -0.4 0.1 -0.5 -0.9 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.5 -0.5 0.0 -1.2 0.6 -1.8 -0.2 -1.1 -1.0 0.1 0.2 -0.4 -1.1 -0.7 -0.4 -1.0 -0.9 -1.7 -0.5 -0.4 -1.0 -0.9 -0.4 -1.8 0.6 -2.9 -3.8 0.0 -0.4 -0.4 0.0 0.1 0.3 -1.2 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 1 11 111 1111 1112 1113 112 100.000 42.988 27.087 4.441 12.298 10.348 15.901 -1.0 -2.4 -6.1 2.2 -5.3 -9.7 4.6 -0.5 -0.3 -0.5 0.9 -0.8 -0.7 0.2 -2.5 -0.6 -1.0 -0.6 -0.9 -1.4 0.1 1.1 -0.1 -0.4 0.1 -0.3 -0.8 0.5 -0.4 -0.2 -0.5 -2.3 -1.3 1.3 0.3 -1.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.2 Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type Processed goods Processed goods for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Materials and components for manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Materials for manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Materials for food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Materials for nondurable manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Materials for durable manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Components for manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. 14 Table 1. Producer price index percentage changes and weights for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand groupings, seasonally adjusted — Continued [March 2023] Commodity code Grouping Group code Components for nondurable manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Components for durable manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Materials and components for construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Materials for construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Components for construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed fuels and lubricants for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed fuels and lubricants to manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed fuels and lubricants to nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . Containers for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supplies for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supplies to manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries, feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries, other than feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item code Relative Importance Dec. 20221 Unadjusted 12-month percent change2 Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change2 Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023p Oct. to Nov. Nov. to Dec.p Dec. to Jan.p Jan. to Feb.p Feb. to Mar.p ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 1121 1122 12 121 122 13 131 132 14 15 151 152 1521 1522 0.796 15.105 10.365 4.589 5.776 19.623 4.883 14.740 3.112 23.911 3.184 20.727 2.361 18.366 2.7 4.7 1.4 -3.3 5.1 -5.7 -2.0 -7.0 6.3 4.2 2.7 4.5 2.2 4.7 0.2 0.2 -0.3 -0.1 -0.4 -1.9 -1.7 -1.9 0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.3 -0.7 0.0 -9.8 -5.6 -11.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.5 0.0 -0.3 0.6 0.0 -0.5 0.4 5.3 2.9 6.2 -0.2 0.4 -0.2 0.5 -0.5 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 -0.1 -1.4 -4.3 -0.5 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1 -0.3 -2.2 0.0 -0.4 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.7 -5.1 -2.8 -5.8 -0.6 0.1 -0.1 0.1 -1.3 0.3 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 2 21 22 221 2211 100.000 35.620 64.381 45.037 43.152 -17.0 -6.2 -22.5 -22.1 -23.3 -3.1 0.0 -4.6 -1.6 -1.6 1.5 -0.2 2.4 -7.2 -7.6 -4.7 -5.6 -4.2 0.3 0.1 -4.8 -1.0 -6.8 2.2 2.3 -5.0 -1.3 -7.1 -5.0 -5.2 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 2212 222 2221 2222 1.885 19.344 1.007 18.337 11.7 -37.7 0.5 -39.9 0.2 -10.5 -4.5 -10.9 0.6 22.5 0.2 24.2 3.4 -14.8 -3.8 -15.4 0.5 -31.6 -10.9 -32.9 0.0 -15.9 -3.1 -17.0 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 3 33 331 332 32 321 3211 3212 322 3221 100.000 18.467 9.100 9.367 14.424 1.070 0.127 0.943 13.354 2.932 4.2 -0.2 2.3 -2.7 1.2 11.6 11.8 11.5 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 -1.3 -3.5 -3.6 -3.5 -1.1 0.5 0.0 -1.2 -1.3 -1.1 0.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 -0.2 -0.9 0.9 0.6 1.9 -0.7 0.3 2.4 2.5 2.4 0.1 -1.0 0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -0.1 -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 -0.2 -0.9 -0.9 1.3 1.3 1.3 -1.1 -1.5 Unprocessed goods Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed nonfood materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel to manufacturing industries. . . Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel to nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed fuel to manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed fuel to nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services Services for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services for intermediate demand4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services for manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services for nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers for manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers for nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods for manufacturing industries. . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods for nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID6 3222 10.422 0.3 -1.5 -0.1 0.4 0.0 -1.0 ID6 31 67.109 6.4 1.2 0.4 1.1 0.6 -0.5 ID6 311 2.057 4.7 0.2 0.2 1.2 0.3 0.2 ID6 312 65.052 6.5 1.2 0.4 1.1 0.6 -0.5 100.000 4.9 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.7 9111 9112 9113 9118 9115 9116 9117 9211 9212 9213 9216 90.955 9.045 19.623 80.377 71.332 31.821 – 58.886 44.011 55.989 20.369 -1.3 2.7 -5.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.7 -23.4 -27.9 -9.3 -13.8 -0.6 0.8 -1.9 -0.1 -0.2 0.2 -0.3 -4.9 -6.7 -0.3 -0.7 -2.6 -0.6 -9.8 -0.4 -0.4 -0.9 -2.0 3.4 5.0 -0.8 -1.7 1.2 0.2 5.3 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.9 -4.9 -7.4 -3.1 1.5 -0.3 -2.0 -1.4 -0.2 0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -7.7 -11.0 -0.4 0.5 -1.1 -0.1 -5.1 0.1 0.1 -0.8 -0.9 -7.6 -11.9 -0.9 -0.3 4 41 411 100.000 30.323 22.393 3.2 2.2 2.2 0.4 0.3 0.0 -0.4 -0.5 -0.3 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.1 -0.5 -0.2 -0.3 Construction Construction for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID6 4 Special Groupings of Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type Processed materials less foods and feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed foods and feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed energy goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed materials less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed materials less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intermediate distributive services7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed goods plus intermediate distributive services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed materials less agricultural products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed energy materials8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed materials less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed nonfood materials less energy9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 Intermediate Demand by Production Flow Stage 4 Intermediate Demand Stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID5 Inputs to stage 4 goods producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID5 Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID5 See footnotes at end of table. 15 Table 1. Producer price index percentage changes and weights for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand groupings, seasonally adjusted — Continued [March 2023] Commodity code Grouping Group code Item code Relative Importance Dec. 20221 Unadjusted 12-month percent change2 Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change2 Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023p Oct. to Nov. Nov. to Dec.p Dec. to Jan.p Jan. to Feb.p Feb. to Mar.p Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inputs to stage 4 services producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inputs to stage 4 construction producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 4111 4112 4113 412 4123 4122 41221 41222 4121 42 421 4211 4212 4213 422 4223 4222 42221 42222 4221 423 43 431 4312 4313 432 4323 4322 43221 43222 4321 3.288 0.202 18.903 7.930 5.937 0.515 0.078 0.437 1.478 54.857 13.958 2.359 4.105 7.494 40.847 4.133 3.688 0.491 3.197 33.026 0.052 14.819 10.791 0.840 9.951 4.028 1.737 0.722 0.015 0.707 1.569 -0.1 0.0 2.6 2.5 2.2 1.8 11.8 0.2 4.3 5.0 3.6 -1.0 4.6 4.6 5.5 3.9 5.9 11.7 5.0 5.6 4.9 -0.8 -0.1 -16.6 1.7 -2.7 -6.7 -4.1 11.8 -4.4 3.9 0.3 2.4 -0.1 1.0 1.2 0.0 -3.6 0.6 0.2 0.7 -0.2 1.0 -1.5 0.2 1.0 0.9 -1.1 -3.6 -0.7 1.3 0.1 -0.3 -0.5 -3.7 -0.1 0.3 0.3 0.7 -3.6 0.8 0.3 -1.7 -0.3 -0.1 -0.9 -1.1 -0.1 3.2 -0.6 0.2 0.0 -0.8 -1.2 -2.1 0.0 0.3 -0.8 0.7 3.2 0.3 0.5 0.1 -1.4 -1.5 -13.8 -0.3 -1.2 -2.1 -1.1 3.2 -1.2 0.0 0.2 -3.6 0.1 1.4 1.5 0.0 2.5 -0.4 0.9 1.3 1.7 0.0 4.4 0.6 1.2 0.4 1.5 2.5 1.4 1.3 0.8 0.7 0.8 6.6 0.3 0.4 1.4 -1.6 2.5 -1.6 0.3 -1.2 -0.4 0.3 -0.5 -0.6 -0.9 -1.5 -0.8 0.4 0.1 -0.5 -1.6 -0.8 0.1 0.3 -0.5 0.1 -1.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.1 -0.3 -0.6 -0.9 -1.5 -0.9 0.3 -1.5 -4.7 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.9 1.3 -1.3 0.1 -0.6 -0.8 0.4 -3.1 0.2 -0.5 -0.1 -0.4 1.3 -0.7 -0.6 0.7 -0.6 -0.4 -9.1 0.5 -1.0 -1.4 -2.3 1.3 -2.4 0.1 Stage 3 Intermediate Demand Stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inputs to stage 3 goods producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inputs to stage 3 services producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inputs to stage 3 construction producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 3 31 311 3111 3112 3113 312 3123 3122 31221 31222 3121 32 321 3211 3212 3213 322 3223 3222 32221 32222 3221 323 33 331 3313 332 3323 3322 33222 3321 100.000 45.396 35.711 11.819 1.238 22.654 9.685 5.316 3.003 0.144 2.859 1.366 53.446 10.524 0.090 6.519 3.915 42.349 2.635 10.001 0.021 9.980 29.713 0.573 1.157 0.569 0.569 0.588 0.543 0.016 0.016 0.029 -1.7 -4.5 -5.9 -7.7 -10.6 -4.6 1.1 1.3 -0.7 11.8 -1.3 5.3 1.4 -6.5 5.8 -11.9 3.8 4.0 4.9 -0.6 2.5 -0.6 5.4 4.9 -11.8 -5.0 -5.0 -16.2 -17.3 8.6 8.6 6.4 -0.4 -0.8 -1.0 -0.7 -2.0 -1.1 0.2 0.0 0.5 -3.6 0.7 0.2 -0.1 -1.4 0.9 -2.2 0.4 0.3 1.0 -2.3 -0.1 -2.3 1.1 0.1 0.0 -0.8 -0.8 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.0 -2.0 -1.3 -1.4 -0.5 -16.6 -0.7 -1.0 -1.4 -0.7 3.2 -0.9 -0.1 -2.6 -11.4 -0.4 -17.0 0.0 0.4 -0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.1 -2.5 -0.7 -0.7 -3.8 -4.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 0.2 -1.3 -2.0 -5.4 1.2 -0.4 1.4 3.0 -1.3 2.5 -1.4 1.0 1.5 5.2 2.3 8.1 0.3 0.7 -1.4 0.8 0.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 -0.2 -0.3 0.4 0.4 2.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.3 -1.7 -2.4 0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.8 -1.5 -0.7 0.4 -0.1 -1.5 -1.7 -2.4 0.0 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 -1.1 -0.1 -0.1 -2.1 -2.3 -0.4 -0.4 0.0 -1.0 -0.6 -0.5 -1.5 -3.0 0.2 -1.0 -0.8 -1.9 1.3 -2.0 0.2 -1.3 -4.1 -1.0 -6.6 0.3 -0.6 -1.1 -0.9 0.2 -0.9 -0.5 0.7 -0.7 -0.3 -0.3 -1.2 -1.2 -0.3 -0.3 0.0 Stage 2 Intermediate Demand See footnotes at end of table. 16 Table 1. Producer price index percentage changes and weights for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand groupings, seasonally adjusted — Continued [March 2023] Commodity code Grouping Group code Item code Relative Importance Dec. 20221 Unadjusted 12-month percent change2 Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change2 Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023p Oct. to Nov. Nov. to Dec.p Dec. to Jan.p Jan. to Feb.p Feb. to Mar.p Stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inputs to stage 2 goods producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inputs to stage 2 services producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 2 21 211 2111 2112 2113 212 2123 2122 21221 21222 2121 213 22 221 2211 2212 2213 222 2223 2222 22221 22222 2221 223 100.000 54.614 41.174 4.315 21.420 15.439 13.177 5.199 4.453 0.167 4.286 3.525 0.263 45.386 5.020 0.055 0.350 4.615 39.489 2.263 2.842 0.388 2.454 34.384 0.877 -4.0 -12.0 -17.0 -3.0 -28.7 -4.9 6.8 3.3 7.2 11.3 7.0 12.4 4.9 6.4 2.1 -7.8 -4.9 2.8 7.1 -3.5 -12.7 11.7 -16.0 9.8 4.9 -1.0 -2.4 -3.2 0.8 -6.4 0.0 0.5 0.5 -0.3 -3.4 0.0 1.3 0.1 0.7 -0.2 -0.8 -3.0 0.0 0.8 2.2 -7.0 -3.6 -7.5 1.5 0.1 1.0 1.4 1.9 -0.6 4.3 -0.5 -0.2 -0.8 -0.4 3.1 -0.6 1.0 0.1 0.6 -0.8 -1.2 -10.7 0.0 0.8 4.7 1.1 3.2 0.7 0.5 0.1 -1.1 -2.6 -3.7 -2.5 -6.9 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.3 2.4 0.3 1.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 -1.4 8.0 0.1 0.9 -4.7 -1.6 2.5 -2.2 1.4 0.8 -1.4 -3.8 -5.2 -0.9 -10.3 0.1 0.5 -0.4 0.5 -1.5 0.6 1.9 0.2 1.3 -0.3 -2.3 -1.4 -0.2 1.5 -0.1 -1.1 -1.5 -1.0 1.8 0.2 -2.7 -4.3 -5.8 -3.0 -11.8 0.4 -0.1 0.3 -0.1 1.3 -0.1 -0.8 0.7 -0.9 -0.6 -3.0 -7.4 0.0 -1.0 -4.2 -1.6 1.3 -2.1 -0.8 0.7 Stage 1 Intermediate Demand Stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inputs to stage 1 goods producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inputs to stage 1 services producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inputs to stage 1 construction producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 1 11 111 1111 1112 1113 112 1123 1122 11221 11222 1121 113 12 121 1211 1212 1213 122 1223 1222 12221 12222 1221 123 13 131 1312 1313 132 1323 1322 13222 1321 100.000 33.622 24.730 3.334 3.858 17.538 8.891 5.434 0.606 0.103 0.503 2.851 0.001 53.476 16.341 0.115 5.454 10.772 37.132 3.680 4.369 1.346 3.023 29.083 0.003 12.902 9.191 0.911 8.280 3.711 2.767 0.852 0.852 0.092 0.4 -3.3 -5.1 -7.8 1.5 -5.9 1.9 0.7 13.2 11.8 13.4 2.2 4.9 3.9 1.6 76.9 -7.8 6.9 5.1 3.0 6.0 11.8 3.4 5.2 4.9 -3.8 1.9 -15.7 4.2 -14.0 -15.0 -5.7 -5.7 8.1 0.1 -0.5 -0.8 -1.1 -0.9 -0.7 0.2 0.2 -0.9 -3.6 -0.5 0.5 0.1 0.6 -0.5 -1.1 -1.7 0.2 1.2 1.7 -1.1 -3.6 0.2 1.4 0.1 0.0 -0.3 -1.7 -0.1 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.3 -1.8 -1.5 -1.7 -2.2 -4.4 -1.0 -1.0 -1.5 -0.2 3.2 -0.7 -0.1 0.1 -1.6 -4.7 8.3 -12.9 0.4 0.1 -0.8 0.7 3.2 -0.5 0.2 0.1 -3.1 -3.0 -22.1 0.0 -3.3 -3.6 -1.4 -1.4 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.0 -0.4 2.6 -0.4 2.1 3.2 -0.1 2.5 -0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 2.2 -2.4 5.1 0.7 0.6 -0.6 1.4 2.5 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.8 6.3 0.2 -0.7 -0.1 -2.2 -2.2 0.6 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.9 -1.6 0.0 -0.4 -0.9 0.5 -1.5 0.9 0.4 0.2 -0.3 -0.9 -16.2 -2.4 0.1 -0.1 0.7 -0.6 -1.5 -0.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.7 -0.4 -4.4 0.0 -1.4 -1.7 -0.9 -0.9 -0.2 -0.7 -1.1 -1.3 -4.4 -4.7 0.0 -0.6 -0.7 0.0 1.3 -0.3 -0.4 0.7 -0.5 -1.5 6.1 -4.8 0.2 0.0 -0.8 -0.3 1.3 -1.0 0.1 0.7 -0.6 -0.3 -5.8 0.4 -1.5 -1.2 -2.8 -2.8 0.6 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 9411 9412 9413 9414 47.142 52.805 0.052 5.647 2.1 4.2 4.9 -0.5 -0.2 1.0 0.1 0.6 -0.7 0.0 0.1 -1.5 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.2 -1.3 -0.5 -0.5 0.7 -0.7 Special Groupings of Intermediate Demand by Production Flow Total Total Total Total goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . services inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . construction inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . foods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. 17 Table 1. Producer price index percentage changes and weights for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand groupings, seasonally adjusted — Continued [March 2023] Commodity code Grouping Group code Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total energy goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . services inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . construction inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . foods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . energy goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . services inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . construction inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . foods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . energy goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . services inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . construction inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . foods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . energy goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 Item code 9415 9416 9311 9312 9313 9314 9315 9316 9211 9212 9213 9214 9215 9216 9111 9112 9117 9114 9115 9116 1 Relative Importance Dec. 20221 5.147 36.348 46.804 52.622 0.573 11.909 7.757 27.138 46.194 52.666 1.140 4.370 21.770 20.054 50.262 49.734 0.004 3.449 10.223 36.590 Unadjusted 12-month percent change2 Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change2 Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023p Oct. to Nov. Nov. to Dec.p Dec. to Jan.p Jan. to Feb.p Feb. to Mar.p -0.1 2.8 -6.0 3.0 4.9 -7.6 -11.7 -3.5 -15.1 7.0 4.9 -3.0 -28.3 -3.3 -1.7 2.5 4.9 -6.6 -5.7 0.0 -1.8 0.0 -1.1 0.3 0.1 -0.7 -2.2 -0.9 -2.9 0.8 0.1 0.7 -6.3 0.0 -0.6 0.9 0.1 -1.1 -1.4 -0.3 -4.3 -0.1 -3.8 0.0 0.1 -0.5 -16.9 -0.6 1.6 0.6 0.1 -0.6 4.0 -0.4 -3.0 -0.4 0.1 -1.9 -11.1 -0.3 4.5 0.3 -0.4 0.8 0.8 -5.4 6.9 -0.3 -3.2 0.8 0.8 -2.5 -6.7 0.3 0.9 0.7 0.8 -0.5 4.2 0.0 -0.5 0.2 -0.6 0.1 0.2 -1.7 -2.4 0.4 -4.7 1.3 0.2 -0.9 -10.1 0.0 -0.6 -0.2 0.2 -1.4 -2.2 0.0 -4.3 0.2 -1.3 -0.7 0.7 -1.5 -6.0 0.2 -5.2 -0.8 0.7 -3.0 -11.7 0.3 -1.2 -0.2 0.7 -4.1 -4.8 0.1 Comprehensive relative importance figures are initially computed after the publication of December indexes and are recalculated after final December indexes are available. Individual items and subtotals may not add exactly to totals because of rounding differences. All indexes are subject to revision for 4 months after their originally scheduled publication to incorporate late reports and corrections by survey respondents. In addition, seasonally adjusted indexes are subject to change for up to 5 years due to the recalculation of seasonal factors published each January. 3 PPI defines Total finished as including only the personal consumption and private capital investment portions of final demand. 4 Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers. 5 The PPI definition of foods does not include food and beverages for immediate consumption. PPI defines food and beverages for immediate consumption as the service of preparing meals, snacks, and beverages to customer order for immediate on-premises and off-premises consumption. 6 Distributive services include transportation, warehousing, and trade of goods. 7 Includes intermediate trade, transportation, and warehousing services. 8 Includes crude petroleum. 9 Excludes crude petroleum. p Preliminary ″-″ Data not available. 2 18 Table 2. Producer price index percentage changes for selected commodity groupings by Final DemandIntermediate Demand category, seasonally adjusted [March 2023] Commodity code Grouping Group code Item code Unadjusted 12-month percent change1 Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change1 Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023p Oct. to Nov. Nov. to Dec.p Dec. to Jan.p Jan. to Feb.p Feb. to Mar.p 2.7 2.0 5.1 9.2 -18.0 -14.9 116.1 -8.9 10.0 21.5 26.2 4.6 -2.2 -9.6 5.0 -4.0 -3.9 18.3 5.7 14.2 8.2 -10.1 12.2 -7.2 -48.9 9.4 7.3 -19.2 -21.4 -19.4 4.3 4.3 18.1 0.5 4.4 4.9 10.3 -7.6 2.6 16.0 4.2 6.7 13.2 7.1 12.5 -21.8 9.3 11.8 4.5 6.6 6.2 12.5 9.9 2.4 0.2 10.0 2.8 12.7 3.0 1.6 4.5 7.9 11.1 0.8 0.4 0.3 3.3 3.2 38.2 -3.2 26.0 3.2 1.4 0.7 0.0 2.9 1.2 -0.4 0.0 -1.9 -0.2 1.7 0.5 0.3 0.7 2.8 0.5 -2.3 1.0 -0.2 -2.1 -5.1 -6.3 -1.8 0.3 1.0 1.3 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 -1.3 0.1 1.3 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.2 2.8 -1.8 -0.2 0.2 0.6 -0.1 0.2 0.8 1.6 0.0 -0.1 1.9 -0.2 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.0 -0.2 -1.4 -0.9 -7.8 -9.4 -4.0 24.5 0.0 0.1 2.0 0.0 4.4 -1.9 -4.3 -0.3 -1.9 -0.3 0.2 -0.3 -1.2 0.4 -4.1 0.5 -6.3 -14.6 1.0 2.1 -8.6 -5.3 -27.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 -0.6 -0.3 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.6 -0.1 -0.4 -6.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.4 1.3 -1.3 6.5 -33.5 -1.6 -12.7 -4.9 0.3 3.3 8.9 7.5 -2.1 -3.7 0.0 0.7 -1.6 1.4 -0.7 6.4 -0.2 -2.2 0.8 5.5 0.6 1.2 12.2 7.5 1.3 11.0 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.7 1.2 0.2 1.1 3.0 0.3 0.9 1.3 0.3 3.4 0.3 -0.2 0.8 1.4 1.6 1.4 0.0 0.8 0.5 1.6 0.0 -0.6 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.0 0.0 -0.3 -2.2 -6.4 -13.6 0.8 -41.3 0.6 0.5 0.4 1.3 -1.3 -2.3 0.1 -2.2 -1.3 -2.1 1.1 1.7 -0.8 0.0 -2.0 0.0 -0.3 1.6 0.8 -9.5 3.8 -16.3 -4.6 0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 1.0 -1.8 0.5 0.2 0.4 1.9 0.0 0.2 0.0 11.2 -0.3 0.3 1.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 0.6 -3.2 -7.5 -7.5 33.9 -4.3 0.6 0.6 0.0 1.5 3.4 6.3 -11.6 1.1 -2.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 -1.4 2.0 -6.4 -9.3 -0.9 -7.1 -11.7 -4.6 -6.5 0.3 -0.2 5.6 0.0 0.2 0.2 -0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.0 -0.2 0.2 4.1 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.5 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.4 0.7 1.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Final Demand Final demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh fruits and melons2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh and dry vegetables2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eggs for fresh use2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oilseeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bakery products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Milled rice2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pasta products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beef and veal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pork. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed young chickens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed turkeys2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finfish and shellfish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dairy products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed fruits and vegetables2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Confectionery end products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Soft drinks2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roasted coffee2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shortening and cooking oils2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen specialty food2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liquefied petroleum gas2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential electric power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential natural gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Home heating oil and distillates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 2 diesel fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand goods less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcoholic beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pet food2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s, girls’, and infants’ apparel2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s and boys’ apparel2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Textile housefurnishings2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Footwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Industrial chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pharmaceutical preparations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Soaps and detergents2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cleaning and polishing products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cosmetics and other toiletries2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tires2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consumer, institutional, and commercial products, n.e.c.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sanitary paper products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iron and steel scrap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agricultural machinery and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction machinery and equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metal cutting machine tools2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metal forming machine tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tools, dies, jigs, fixtures, and industrial molds2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pumps, compressors, and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Industrial material handling equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electronic computers and computer equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Textile machinery and equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paper industries machinery2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Printing trades machinery and equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transformers and power regulators2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Communication and related equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electronic components and accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X-ray and electromedical equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oil field and gas field machinery2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining machinery and equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Office and store machines and equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FD FD FD 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 FD 05 05 05 05 05 05 FD 02 02 03 03 03 04 06 06 06 06 06 07 07 09 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 4 41 411 11 13 2 7107 8301 11 13 1402 2101 2104 2203 2206 23 3 4 55 62 6301 78 85 412 32 41 51 71 7302 7303 413 61 9402 8106 8107 82 3 1 38 71 72 75 1201 2B 1501 12 1 2 37 38 39 41 44 5 62 64 65 74 76 78 7905 91 92 93 See footnotes at end of table. 19 Table 2. Producer price index percentage changes for selected commodity groupings by Final DemandIntermediate Demand category, seasonally adjusted — Continued [March 2023] Commodity code Grouping Group code Household furniture2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial furniture2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Floor coverings2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Household appliances2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Home electronic equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lawn and garden equipment excl. garden tractors2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Passenger cars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Light motor trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heavy motor trucks2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicles parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Truck trailers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Travel trailers and campers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aircraft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ships2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Railroad equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toys, games, and children’s vehicles2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sporting and athletic goods2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cigarettes2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mobile homes2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical, surgical & personal aid devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jewelry, platinum and karat gold2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Costume jewelry and novelties2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand trade services3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machinery and vehicle wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and commercial equipment wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Furnishings wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemicals and allied products wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paper and plastics products wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and alcohol wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and alcohol retailing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health, beauty, and optical goods retailing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel, jewelry, footwear, and accessories retailing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer hardware, software, and supplies retailing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TV, video, and photographic equipment and supplies retailing. . . . . . . . . . . . Automobiles retailing (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automotive parts, including tires, retailing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RVs, trailers, and campers retailing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sporting goods, including boats, retailing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lawn, garden, and farm equipment and supplies retailing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Furniture retailing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flooring and floor coverings retailing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hardware, building materials, and supplies retailing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Major household appliances retailing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuels and lubricants retailing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cleaning supplies and paper products retailing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Book retailing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rail transportation of freight and mail2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Truck transportation of freight2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air transportation of freight2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Courier, messenger, and U.S. postal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rail transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Airline passenger services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . Sales of books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales and subscriptions of periodicals and newspapers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Application software publishing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advertising space sales in periodicals, newspapers, directories, and mailing lists2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential wired telecommunication services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wireless telecommunication services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cable and satellite subscriber services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internet access services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item code 12 12 12 12 12 12 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 FD FD 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 FD 30 30 30 30 30 30 FD 33 33 34 1 2 3 4 5 66 1101 1105 1106 12 14 16 21 31 4 11 12 21 5 6 9402 9404 42 423 1102 1103 1104 2 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6101 6102 8 9 A B C D E F G H 422 11 12 14 16 21 22 421 11 12 2 36 37 37 37 37 1 11 2 3 4 See footnotes at end of table. 20 Unadjusted 12-month percent change1 Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change1 Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023p Oct. to Nov. Nov. to Dec.p Dec. to Jan.p Jan. to Feb.p Feb. to Mar.p 6.3 8.0 1.9 5.1 4.4 10.6 1.6 6.2 2.3 2.8 2.0 4.6 4.2 0.9 1.4 2.2 14.7 13.3 -2.9 3.8 3.5 4.6 2.8 2.4 1.5 -1.4 7.9 6.1 10.0 8.2 8.4 5.0 18.4 8.4 2.8 -21.4 -23.5 -19.3 12.9 -46.9 -1.4 29.2 -10.5 2.5 -29.2 0.3 -16.2 21.3 -2.6 0.5 6.2 -6.7 -4.3 7.8 2.1 11.8 3.1 7.2 1.6 -0.3 -0.2 1.3 0.8 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 2.4 1.9 -0.3 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.4 0.5 2.1 4.2 2.6 -1.3 -0.4 0.4 -2.1 -0.2 -0.4 -4.1 -0.1 -6.2 12.8 -2.2 2.2 -15.5 0.2 0.6 -1.1 -0.2 0.4 -1.7 3.5 -1.3 0.3 -0.4 0.8 0.8 -1.9 0.5 0.1 -3.6 0.5 -0.1 -3.8 -2.9 0.4 0.9 -1.6 0.7 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.5 1.0 -0.9 6.6 1.5 0.9 -1.3 1.6 -7.4 -1.8 -0.3 3.0 3.2 0.6 -8.8 -4.9 0.2 -9.2 -1.4 -4.2 1.1 -3.7 -6.8 0.6 14.6 -2.0 -5.9 0.0 -0.1 -1.4 -1.7 -0.4 0.0 3.2 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 -0.7 0.7 0.0 0.4 1.8 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.4 -1.3 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.1 1.1 0.7 1.7 -1.3 0.9 1.7 4.1 0.0 -1.1 1.2 -3.4 1.4 0.1 4.0 -1.8 3.6 -0.4 -1.1 4.0 2.0 -1.4 -4.2 -6.9 1.4 16.0 -2.8 0.6 1.7 6.4 -0.5 0.9 -12.0 2.3 5.2 -0.5 1.0 -2.2 1.1 2.2 -0.2 2.5 0.6 1.5 -0.7 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.8 -0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.6 0.0 0.4 -0.5 0.2 0.0 1.2 2.1 -0.6 0.0 -2.1 0.9 0.1 0.0 -1.1 -2.0 1.3 -0.5 -3.3 0.5 6.3 -0.3 3.0 0.5 0.3 -14.6 -1.3 -0.6 -1.0 -6.1 -0.8 0.6 1.8 0.4 -5.8 12.2 -0.9 7.9 -4.3 -0.9 -1.0 -0.9 0.2 0.1 0.1 -1.5 0.3 0.2 0.5 -0.4 0.3 0.7 0.0 -1.4 0.0 0.0 -0.3 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.0 -0.3 -0.9 0.2 -7.3 6.2 0.0 0.7 -1.5 -0.6 1.4 1.9 1.5 -0.6 2.2 1.4 -1.6 -1.3 0.6 2.2 12.9 0.8 1.1 -0.9 -9.4 -12.1 0.4 -1.9 -1.3 -0.2 -2.9 -0.9 -0.3 0.1 1.3 0.1 0.5 -0.5 0.6 3.2 4.4 1.8 11.7 0.6 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.7 -0.5 1.0 0.0 0.1 2.6 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.3 -0.3 0.3 0.9 0.4 0.1 1.9 0.9 Table 2. Producer price index percentage changes for selected commodity groupings by Final DemandIntermediate Demand category, seasonally adjusted — Continued [March 2023] Commodity code Grouping Group code Bundled wired telecommunications access services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consumer loans (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deposit services (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other credit intermediation, incl. trust services (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services2. . . Portfolio management2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Life insurance2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disability insurance, including accidental death2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health and medical insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Property and casualty insurance2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annuities2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential property sales and leases, brokerage fees and commissions.. . Passenger car rental. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tax preparation and planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management, scientific, and technical consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arrangement of flights (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arrangement of vehicle rentals and lodging2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arrangement of cruises and tours2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Physician care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical laboratory and diagnostic imaging care2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Home health and hospice care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hospital outpatient care2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dental care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hospital inpatient care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nursing home care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Traveler accommodation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and beverages for immediate consumption services (partial)2. . . . . . . Motor vehicle repair and maintenance (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and admissions and recreation facility use fees (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreational activity instruction fees (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gaming receipts (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New warehouse building construction2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New school building construction2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New office building construction2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New industrial building construction2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New health care building construction2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item code Unadjusted 12-month percent change1 Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change1 Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023p Oct. to Nov. Nov. to Dec.p Dec. to Jan.p Jan. to Feb.p Feb. to Mar.p 37 39 39 39 40 40 41 41 41 41 41 43 44 45 45 45 45 47 47 47 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 53 54 55 5 12 2 3 1 2 1101 1102 1103 1104 2 21 1 1 2102 3 4 1 2 3 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 2101 2102 11 1 2 10.2 2.5 16.0 -5.2 31.5 -12.2 0.1 -0.3 1.1 4.8 -1.5 0.8 -4.4 6.5 8.6 3.3 0.0 13.5 5.1 7.4 1.2 -0.2 2.7 2.0 4.7 3.9 7.2 2.4 2.6 4.9 -0.3 3.4 -0.9 -2.5 11.7 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.9 -0.2 -1.8 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.0 -0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.5 2.4 0.7 0.3 -0.2 -6.6 15.2 0.0 0.4 -0.9 -0.1 0.0 0.2 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.3 2.5 0.1 1.2 -1.1 0.5 6.5 0.2 0.0 0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 1.9 -0.4 0.3 4.2 1.8 -1.9 0.1 0.4 4.2 -0.4 0.0 -0.8 0.9 -0.1 -0.3 -2.5 1.6 -0.1 0.0 1.1 -0.5 0.1 0.1 -0.3 0.6 0.3 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.9 -2.3 0.9 1.1 -0.4 3.0 -2.6 1.7 4.4 -0.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.8 -1.4 1.1 0.6 0.4 -1.3 1.0 1.3 -6.6 0.5 -0.2 0.1 0.1 2.7 0.2 0.7 -3.4 0.6 0.0 1.4 -4.6 3.0 0.1 -0.2 -4.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -1.1 0.3 0.2 -0.1 0.1 -0.3 0.7 -1.6 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.7 4.1 0.2 0.1 56 56 56 60 FD 80 80 80 80 80 1 2 3 1 43 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 7.0 1.6 0.2 8.0 15.6 12.3 16.0 18.2 17.2 17.3 1.3 0.0 -4.3 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.1 1.1 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.1 2.6 0.0 1.7 0.5 1.8 0.0 1.5 3.9 1.0 1.8 0.9 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 ID6 ID6 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 ID6 03 03 03 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 1 9112 21 22 3 4 53 7 9 9111 1 2 4 32 42 43 52 53 54 71 7203 7303 74 -1.0 2.7 2.0 -12.4 -3.9 18.3 11.3 -12.3 5.3 -1.3 8.2 -4.9 5.4 -48.9 9.6 9.7 7.3 12.5 22.0 -19.2 -8.5 -19.4 -38.3 -0.5 0.8 1.9 3.1 -0.2 1.7 -0.3 2.5 0.6 -0.6 -0.2 -1.5 0.4 1.0 -0.8 -1.8 -4.4 -1.7 -3.6 -5.1 -2.2 -1.8 6.8 -2.5 -0.6 1.4 -9.9 -0.3 0.2 0.8 -3.4 0.0 -2.6 -1.2 -2.9 -0.5 -14.6 1.8 2.8 3.3 4.5 1.4 -8.6 -15.8 -27.5 -3.3 1.1 0.2 2.0 1.2 -1.6 1.4 0.5 0.2 -0.8 1.2 2.0 -3.1 0.1 0.6 2.0 6.9 12.3 7.2 7.4 7.5 14.0 11.0 -14.7 -0.4 -2.0 -0.9 -2.4 -2.1 1.1 2.4 -5.9 -1.8 -0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.5 1.6 1.7 -4.3 -11.4 -9.8 1.8 3.8 -0.6 -4.6 -5.4 -1.0 -0.1 2.0 3.1 -2.0 0.5 0.6 -4.0 0.0 -1.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.4 -9.3 -2.7 -0.1 -9.7 -6.1 -5.1 -11.7 -7.7 -6.5 -0.2 Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type Processed goods for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed foods and feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Meats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed poultry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dairy products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed fruits and vegetables2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Refined sugar and byproducts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fats and oils2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepared animal feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed materials less foods and feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Synthetic fibers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed yarns and threads2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished fabrics2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liquefied petroleum gas2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial electric power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Industrial electric power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial natural gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Industrial natural gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natural gas to electric utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jet fuel2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 2 diesel fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residual fuels2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. 21 Table 2. Producer price index percentage changes for selected commodity groupings by Final DemandIntermediate Demand category, seasonally adjusted — Continued [March 2023] Commodity code Grouping Group code Finished lubricants2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lubricating oil base stocks2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asphalt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic inorganic chemicals2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic organic chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepared paint2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paint materials2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medicinal and botanical chemicals2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Biological products, including diagnostics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fats and oils, inedible2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nitrogenates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phosphates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other agricultural chemicals2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plastic resins and materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Industrial gases2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adhesives and sealants2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Synthetic rubber2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tires2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plastic construction products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unsupported plastic film, sheet, other shapes2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parts for manufacturing from plastics2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plastic packaging products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Softwood lumber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hardwood lumber2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Millwork. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plywood2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paper2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paperboard2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paper boxes and containers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Building paper and board2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial printing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foundry and forge shop products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steel mill products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary nonferrous metals2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secondary nonferrous metals2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aluminum mill shapes2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Copper and brass mill shapes2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonferrous wire and cable2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonferrous foundry shop products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metal containers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hardware2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plumbing fixtures and brass fittings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fabricated structural metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lighting fixtures2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fabricated ferrous wire products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other miscellaneous metal products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fluid power equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mechanical power transmission equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metal valves, except fluid power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ball and roller bearings2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wiring devices2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motors, generators, motor generator sets2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Switchgear, switchboard, and industrial controls equip.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electronic components and accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internal combustion engines2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machine shop products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flat glass2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Concrete products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asphalt felts and coatings2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paving mixtures and blocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aircraft engines and engine parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05 05 05 06 06 06 06 06 06 06 06 06 06 06 06 06 07 07 07 07 07 07 08 08 08 08 09 09 09 09 09 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 Item code 76 78 8102 13 14 21 22 31 37 4 5201 5202 53 6 7903 7904 1102 1201 21 22 26 2A 11 12 2 3 13 14 1503 2 47 15 17 22 24 2501 2502 26 28 3 4 5 6 7 81 83 88 89 43 45 48 4902 4905 71 73 75 78 94 95 11 22 3 6 94 12 23 See footnotes at end of table. 22 Unadjusted 12-month percent change1 Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change1 Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023p Oct. to Nov. Nov. to Dec.p Dec. to Jan.p Jan. to Feb.p Feb. to Mar.p 20.1 -7.3 -23.4 17.6 -11.5 10.1 18.0 0.4 4.5 -14.7 -28.1 -22.1 19.6 -6.2 4.3 11.2 -4.4 13.2 3.0 0.8 3.2 1.8 -49.3 -14.3 -0.7 -28.7 6.6 4.2 9.7 -51.3 12.5 5.7 -15.1 -20.3 -5.6 -13.0 -4.6 4.2 8.0 3.7 4.1 4.6 8.2 2.0 12.5 5.5 0.1 4.9 8.9 11.1 10.3 10.9 6.6 17.3 8.6 11.5 1.6 8.3 7.2 10.6 17.0 14.5 3.6 14.1 2.8 3.9 0.3 -4.1 -6.3 -1.3 -1.3 -1.0 2.7 0.4 0.2 5.9 1.9 -0.3 2.4 -4.1 -4.1 -0.1 -3.6 0.6 -1.1 0.6 -0.1 -0.5 -1.6 -4.5 -0.9 -4.0 -0.4 0.3 0.6 -0.3 1.2 -0.1 -3.1 5.9 5.4 -1.5 7.5 4.1 1.3 -0.4 0.0 0.3 2.4 -0.8 -0.6 0.0 -1.0 1.3 0.5 1.6 -0.2 1.4 0.5 1.1 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.3 -0.1 0.2 0.0 6.8 -31.5 0.1 -0.7 0.3 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 -7.1 -2.4 -10.1 0.8 0.4 -0.6 0.3 -4.5 0.6 -0.3 -0.7 0.5 -0.4 -8.0 -1.8 -0.5 -1.7 0.2 -0.5 0.1 -8.4 0.4 0.2 -3.4 1.6 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.7 -0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 -1.1 0.0 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 2.5 0.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.7 1.0 0.3 -0.7 0.1 0.4 -0.5 -20.5 2.9 2.0 -0.4 0.0 1.4 0.4 1.1 -2.1 -10.4 -0.3 1.5 -0.8 3.9 0.0 -2.5 3.0 -0.2 -1.2 -0.1 -2.0 -9.8 7.8 -0.3 -1.4 -0.3 -0.5 -0.1 -6.6 1.4 1.5 -2.3 3.1 0.7 3.7 2.2 2.7 -0.3 -1.8 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.3 -0.3 -0.1 1.1 0.9 -0.5 0.7 0.1 8.3 0.6 0.3 -0.6 4.0 0.1 -0.6 3.5 1.2 -2.4 -0.8 0.4 0.3 0.2 -5.0 -2.9 0.0 -2.3 -0.1 0.3 -0.4 0.8 -5.6 -12.1 -2.6 0.0 1.4 -0.1 0.8 -0.2 0.0 -0.5 -0.1 -1.3 -0.7 -1.0 -1.6 -0.1 -1.6 0.7 -1.0 0.2 -1.1 0.1 0.6 2.5 0.8 0.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.8 -0.4 -0.2 -0.9 -0.1 -0.2 0.6 0.1 -0.4 1.1 0.6 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.3 1.4 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.5 3.4 2.6 0.5 -0.2 2.0 -0.2 0.1 0.1 -7.1 3.4 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 -2.9 -5.8 -5.1 -0.1 0.5 -0.1 0.2 -1.3 0.0 -0.1 -1.5 -0.2 -0.2 -4.0 -1.6 -0.7 -0.6 -0.7 -0.9 -0.4 0.5 1.2 0.0 1.2 -5.2 -0.2 -0.6 0.1 -0.8 -0.3 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.4 1.5 -0.6 -0.7 0.4 0.0 1.2 0.3 2.0 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.9 0.7 0.2 1.2 0.3 0.1 Table 2. Producer price index percentage changes for selected commodity groupings by Final DemandIntermediate Demand category, seasonally adjusted — Continued [March 2023] Commodity code Grouping Group code Aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment, n.e.c.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Medical, surgical, and personal aid devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Item code 25 6 Unadjusted 12-month percent change1 Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023p Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change1 Oct. to Nov. Nov. to Dec.p Dec. to Jan.p Jan. to Feb.p Feb. to Mar.p 4.9 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.8 0.9 1.9 0.0 0.4 0.7 Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slaughter cattle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slaughter hogs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slaughter chickens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slaughter turkeys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Raw milk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hay and hayseeds2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oilseeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Raw cane sugar and byproducts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed nonfood materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Raw cotton2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hides and skins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natural gas2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crude petroleum2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Logs, bolts, timber, pulpwood, and woodchips2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recyclable paper2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iron ores2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iron and steel scrap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonferrous metal ores2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Copper base scrap2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aluminum base scrap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID6 ID6 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 02 ID6 01 04 05 05 05 08 09 10 10 10 10 10 13 2 21 21 2202 31 32 4102 42 6 81 8301 5201 22 51 1 1 31 61 5 12 11 12 21 2301 2302 21 -17.0 -6.2 -28.4 -12.0 16.3 -19.2 -14.0 29.1 -23.8 -2.4 -8.9 17.0 -22.5 -31.7 -11.6 22.7 -48.0 -31.2 -0.7 -59.8 12.6 -21.8 -9.0 -8.9 -27.2 11.3 -3.1 0.0 -3.3 -3.7 1.4 3.8 -0.5 -1.3 -3.7 -15.0 3.2 0.3 -4.6 -4.5 -7.0 -1.6 -12.5 -2.4 0.0 -23.9 1.5 -1.8 5.2 9.1 0.7 0.2 1.5 -0.2 -7.2 -3.6 1.2 -0.1 -6.3 6.1 -2.6 21.4 0.0 1.1 2.4 -5.1 -2.6 -7.5 30.7 -13.2 0.8 10.1 -0.1 -6.8 -0.6 2.1 5.9 0.7 -4.7 -5.6 -3.6 -1.2 1.2 -14.0 -9.4 2.3 -2.9 -11.0 -4.9 3.2 -4.2 2.9 -4.7 2.8 -17.6 -1.2 -0.5 -3.7 0.9 1.3 5.8 2.8 0.0 3.4 -4.8 -1.0 5.9 -0.2 -0.6 -0.1 5.6 -2.7 -5.3 10.5 0.6 1.3 -6.8 -2.4 0.3 -0.6 -37.8 4.2 -0.9 10.1 0.0 11.2 -4.2 1.1 -1.6 0.5 -5.0 -1.3 -9.4 -7.5 4.1 -3.3 1.8 -0.9 -9.6 -5.0 -4.3 2.3 -7.1 -5.1 4.5 1.3 -21.4 -10.2 -1.1 0.2 0.0 4.1 5.1 0.3 -0.3 -0.1 Services for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services for intermediate demand3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemicals and allied products wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paper and plastics products wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automotive parts, including tires, retailing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hardware, building material, and supplies retailing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . Rail transportation of freight and mail2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Truck transportation of freight2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water transportation of freight2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air transportation of freight2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Postal Service2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Courier and messenger services, except air mail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air mail and package delivery services, excluding by USPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pipline transportation2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services related to water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arrangement of freight and cargo2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Warehousing, storage, and related services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Network compensation from broadcast TV, cable TV, radio2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advertising space sales in periodicals and newspapers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advertising space sales in directories and mail lists2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Television advertising time sales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radio advertising time sales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internet advertising sales2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Business wired telecommunication services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wireless telecommunication services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cable and satellite subscriber services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bundled wired telecommunication access services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data processing and related services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Business loans (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID6 ID6 57 57 57 57 57 57 58 58 ID6 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 31 32 3 33 1102 3 4 5 6 8101 6102 D 32 11 12 13 14 1601 1602 1603 17 2 1 31 1 4.2 -0.2 1.5 -6.7 -5.3 10.0 8.2 3.7 12.9 -29.2 1.2 6.2 -6.7 22.7 -4.3 10.0 5.3 6.7 – 11.7 3.7 -33.8 15.2 0.8 0.9 2.1 -1.2 -0.2 -0.4 0.4 -0.4 2.2 0.4 -1.3 0.8 0.8 -0.2 -1.9 0.0 0.8 1.1 0.0 -3.6 0.6 -14.4 -0.3 0.0 -1.2 -0.9 1.2 -6.2 -1.3 1.6 -2.1 0.2 -6.8 0.0 -0.1 -1.4 -0.3 -1.7 0.0 0.5 -3.1 -1.3 3.2 0.0 2.0 1.7 0.9 0.6 1.2 -1.2 15.2 4.0 -1.8 -0.6 1.4 -0.5 0.3 1.0 -2.2 -2.3 1.1 4.0 -0.3 3.3 0.3 2.4 0.9 -6.0 2.3 0.3 -0.4 -1.1 -2.9 1.7 -3.3 0.5 -0.4 -1.0 -5.8 -0.2 -1.0 -0.9 1.3 0.2 0.0 0.3 -0.1 1.2 -1.5 1.1 -2.7 2.1 -0.5 -0.5 0.2 -3.0 -1.0 0.7 -1.5 1.8 -1.3 -0.9 -0.9 -0.2 -2.9 -0.2 -0.9 0.0 -0.2 -0.8 0.0 1.3 -0.9 -4.4 -0.4 ID6 35 36 36 36 36 36 37 37 37 37 38 39 31 – 11 12 2 3 6 12 2 3 5 1 11 6.4 1.6 2.0 9.8 -16.6 -6.5 – 2.8 1.8 11.7 10.2 0.1 85.7 1.2 0.0 -0.4 0.0 6.6 2.0 – 0.0 -0.1 0.7 -0.3 0.0 8.6 0.4 0.0 1.2 0.0 -9.0 -2.5 – 0.2 0.1 2.6 -0.2 0.0 1.4 1.1 0.2 0.4 5.3 -1.5 -9.8 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.7 4.2 0.0 8.7 0.6 0.0 0.7 0.0 -6.4 11.0 0.0 1.2 0.3 -0.3 -0.4 0.1 10.9 -0.5 0.0 1.1 0.0 -3.6 -1.7 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.9 1.4 0.2 -5.9 See footnotes at end of table. 23 Table 2. Producer price index percentage changes for selected commodity groupings by Final DemandIntermediate Demand category, seasonally adjusted — Continued [March 2023] Commodity code Grouping Group code Deposit services (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other credit intermediation, incl. trust services (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services2. . . . . Portfolio management2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investment banking2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Life insurance2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health and medical insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Property and casualty insurance2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annuities2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commissions from sales of insurance2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential real estate rents2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential property sales and leases2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential property management fees2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Passenger car rental. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Truck, utility trailer, and RV rental and leasing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment rental and leasing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounting services (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management, scientific, and technical consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advertising and related services (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Permanent placement services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Executive search services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Staffing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Security guard services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Janitorial services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waste collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Traveler accommodation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aircraft repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metal treatment services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item code Unadjusted 12-month percent change1 Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change1 Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023p Oct. to Nov. Nov. to Dec.p Dec. to Jan.p Jan. to Feb.p Feb. to Mar.p 16.0 -5.2 31.5 -12.2 -3.5 0.1 1.1 4.8 -1.5 0.1 2.5 0.6 -0.2 -4.4 2.0 -0.9 -2.5 11.7 1.3 -1.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.9 0.0 -0.8 0.2 0.6 -1.8 0.1 15.2 0.0 0.4 -0.9 -1.4 -0.1 0.2 1.2 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.6 -1.0 0.6 0.3 -1.9 0.1 0.4 4.2 0.3 -0.4 -0.8 0.9 -0.1 0.0 1.8 -0.6 0.7 -2.5 -0.7 -2.6 1.7 4.4 -0.5 2.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 -4.2 -1.2 -0.5 -1.4 -0.6 3.0 0.1 -0.2 -4.5 3.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 -1.0 -0.6 -0.1 -1.1 -0.2 39 39 40 40 40 41 41 41 41 42 43 43 43 44 44 2 3 1 2 3 1101 1103 1104 2 1 11 12 22 1 2 44 45 45 45 45 45 46 46 46 48 49 50 53 3 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 1 1 11 7.8 6.5 5.9 3.3 0.0 1.4 1.5 8.6 0.7 7.9 3.0 12.5 2.4 0.1 0.4 -0.2 0.4 0.0 0.1 -0.7 -0.6 0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.6 2.4 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.1 1.2 0.0 0.3 -0.3 0.1 0.0 1.1 0.7 1.9 1.4 1.6 1.3 0.0 1.1 0.1 -0.1 1.6 -0.1 1.1 0.4 1.3 -2.3 0.0 1.1 1.6 0.4 -1.3 0.2 -2.6 0.7 -0.3 0.1 -0.1 1.6 -3.4 0.0 0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.3 1.1 4.1 55 55 59 1 4 1 8.6 4.0 6.0 0.7 0.2 -0.1 0.5 0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.5 2.5 -0.4 1.8 -0.1 1.2 0.4 0.1 4 2 4.9 4.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.7 3.2 2.1 -14.9 2.0 -4.0 -3.9 9.6 9.7 -19.2 -19.4 -11.5 10.1 0.4 4.5 2.6 3.0 0.8 3.2 1.8 -40.8 -0.7 9.7 12.5 -15.1 4.2 2.0 4.9 10.3 17.3 0.4 -0.2 -3.2 1.9 -1.9 -0.2 -0.8 -1.8 -5.1 -1.8 -1.3 -1.0 0.4 0.2 0.1 -1.1 0.6 -0.1 -0.5 -2.5 -0.9 0.6 1.2 -3.1 4.1 -0.8 1.3 -0.2 1.1 -0.4 -0.7 -4.0 1.4 -1.9 -0.3 1.8 2.8 -8.6 -27.5 -0.7 0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.7 0.5 -0.4 -6.1 -0.5 0.1 0.4 -3.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.1 1.0 0.8 -1.6 2.0 0.7 -1.6 2.0 6.9 7.5 11.0 -0.4 0.0 0.4 1.1 0.7 -0.2 -1.2 -0.1 -2.0 -3.6 -0.3 -0.1 1.4 -2.3 2.7 0.3 -0.1 -0.5 8.3 0.0 -0.1 0.8 -0.9 -1.3 -2.1 1.7 -4.3 3.8 -4.6 -2.3 -0.1 -0.4 0.8 0.5 -0.5 -0.1 -1.3 -0.7 -1.2 -0.1 0.2 0.1 2.5 2.0 -0.2 1.1 -0.2 0.3 -0.5 -0.5 -7.5 2.0 1.1 -2.0 -2.7 -0.1 -11.7 -6.5 0.1 -0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 -0.1 -1.5 -0.2 -0.2 -3.0 -0.7 -0.4 1.2 1.2 -0.8 0.8 -0.7 1.2 0.5 Construction for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID6 Maintenance and repair of non-residential buildings (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Intermediate Demand by Production Flow Stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stage 4 intermediate demand goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Meats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed and packaged fish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dairy products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial electric power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Industrial electric power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 2 diesel fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic organic chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepared paint2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medicinal and botanical chemicals2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Biological products, including diagnostics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pharmaceutical preparations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plastic construction products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unsupported plastic film, sheet, and other shapes2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parts for manufacturing from plastics2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plastic packaging products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lumber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Millwork. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paper boxes and containers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial printing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steel mill products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonferrous wire and cable2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fabricated structural metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other miscellaneous metal products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wiring devices2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID5 ID5 01 02 02 02 05 05 05 05 06 06 06 06 06 07 07 07 07 08 08 09 09 10 10 10 10 11 11 4 9411 2 21 23 3 42 43 71 7303 14 21 31 37 38 21 22 26 2A 1 2 1503 47 17 26 7 89 48 71 See footnotes at end of table. 24 Table 2. Producer price index percentage changes for selected commodity groupings by Final DemandIntermediate Demand category, seasonally adjusted — Continued [March 2023] Commodity code Grouping Group code Electronic components and accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous electrical machinery and equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internal combustion engines2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machine shop products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Concrete ingredients and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Concrete products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepared asphalt, tar roofing and siding products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paving mixtures and blocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aircraft engines and engine parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment, n.e.c.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical, surgical and personal aid devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stage 4 intermediate demand services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Truck transportation of freight2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Courier, messenger, and U.S. postal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Airline passenger services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Warehousing, storage, and related services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advertising space sales in periodicals and newspapers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data processing and related services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Business loans (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deposit services (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services2. . . . . Portfolio management2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investment banking2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annuities2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential real estate rents2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential property sales and leases2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential property management fees2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential property management fees2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment rental and leasing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advertising agency services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounting services (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management, scientific, and technical consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Staffing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Janitorial services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemicals and allied products wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paper and plastics products wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and alcohol wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hardware and building materials and supplies retailing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metal treatment services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stage 3 intermediate demand goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slaughter cattle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slaughter hogs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slaughter poultry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Raw milk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial electric power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Industrial electric power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jet fuel2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 2 diesel fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished lubricants2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lubricating oil base stocks2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asphalt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic inorganic chemicals2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic organic chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paints and allied products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item code Unadjusted 12-month percent change1 Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change1 Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023p Oct. to Nov. Nov. to Dec.p Dec. to Jan.p Jan. to Feb.p Feb. to Mar.p 1.6 5.1 8.3 7.2 12.8 14.5 3.1 14.1 2.8 3.9 4.9 3.8 4.2 -6.7 7.8 11.8 15.2 2.0 0.1 85.7 16.0 31.5 -12.2 -3.5 2.8 -1.5 2.5 0.6 5.5 -0.2 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.3 -0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.8 0.5 -3.6 -0.3 -0.4 0.0 8.6 -0.9 11.7 1.3 -1.4 0.1 -0.9 -0.8 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.7 1.0 0.4 -0.7 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.0 -1.4 -0.4 3.2 1.7 1.2 0.0 1.4 15.2 0.4 -0.9 -1.4 0.6 0.0 1.0 0.6 0.4 -1.0 -0.6 0.7 4.0 0.1 3.4 1.2 -3.1 -0.8 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.9 1.2 -2.2 2.2 2.5 2.3 0.4 0.0 8.7 -1.9 0.4 4.2 0.3 0.2 -0.1 1.8 -0.6 0.6 0.7 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.5 1.1 0.5 -0.3 2.0 -0.2 0.1 1.9 0.0 0.1 -0.9 0.1 -1.5 2.1 0.7 0.1 10.9 -2.6 4.4 -0.5 2.1 0.2 0.0 -4.2 -1.2 0.1 -0.5 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.1 1.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.7 -0.5 -2.9 -0.3 1.3 -0.4 1.1 0.2 -5.9 3.0 -0.2 -4.5 3.0 0.2 0.0 -1.0 -0.6 0.2 -0.1 7.8 6.5 1.4 5.9 3.3 0.0 0.7 3.0 0.1 0.4 0.1 -0.2 0.4 0.0 0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.1 1.2 0.1 1.1 1.4 1.6 0.1 1.3 0.0 1.1 -0.1 0.4 0.0 1.1 0.2 1.6 0.4 -1.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.4 0.3 11 11 11 11 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 ID5 30 30 30 32 36 38 39 39 40 40 40 41 41 43 43 43 43 78 79 94 95 2 3 61 94 12 23 25 6 9412 12 16 22 1 11 1 11 2 1 2 3 11 2 11 12 13 22 44 45 45 45 45 45 46 49 3 1 51 2 3 4 3 1 55 57 57 57 57 57 57 58 59 1 1102 3 4 5 6 8 D 1 8.6 1.5 -6.7 -5.3 10.0 8.2 5.0 -29.2 6.0 0.7 2.1 -1.2 -0.2 -0.4 0.4 -0.2 0.4 -0.1 0.5 -0.9 1.2 -6.2 -1.3 1.6 -1.8 -6.8 -0.6 -0.6 1.2 -1.2 15.2 4.0 -1.8 -0.4 -0.5 2.5 -0.4 -1.1 -2.9 1.7 -3.3 0.5 -0.3 -5.8 -0.1 1.2 0.2 -3.0 -1.0 0.7 -1.5 1.4 -0.9 0.1 ID5 ID5 01 01 01 01 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 06 06 06 3 9311 31 32 4 6 42 43 71 7203 7303 76 78 8102 13 14 2 -1.7 -6.0 16.3 -19.2 -7.7 -23.8 9.6 9.7 -19.2 -8.5 -19.4 20.1 -7.3 -23.4 17.6 -11.5 11.6 -0.4 -1.1 1.4 3.8 -0.6 -3.7 -0.8 -1.8 -5.1 -2.2 -1.8 0.3 -4.1 -6.3 -1.3 -1.3 -0.1 -2.0 -3.8 1.2 -0.1 -4.0 -2.6 1.8 2.8 -8.6 -15.8 -27.5 0.0 6.8 -31.5 0.1 -0.7 0.3 0.2 -0.4 1.2 -14.0 -7.1 -2.9 2.0 6.9 7.5 14.0 11.0 -0.5 -20.5 2.9 2.0 -0.4 0.3 -0.2 -0.6 -0.6 -0.1 4.0 -5.3 1.7 -4.3 3.8 -0.6 -4.6 0.2 -5.0 -2.9 0.0 -2.3 0.0 -1.0 -1.3 4.1 -3.3 1.3 -9.6 -2.7 -0.1 -11.7 -7.7 -6.5 0.1 -7.1 3.4 -0.1 0.1 0.0 See footnotes at end of table. 25 Table 2. Producer price index percentage changes for selected commodity groupings by Final DemandIntermediate Demand category, seasonally adjusted — Continued [March 2023] Commodity code Grouping Group code Agricultural chemicals and chemical products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plastic resins and materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Synthetic rubber2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unsupported plastic film, sheet, and other shapes2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paper2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paperboard2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Converted paper and paperboard products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial printing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foundry and forge shop products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steel mill products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonferrous mill shapes2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonferrous foundry shop products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metal containers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Structural, architectural, and pre-engineered metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other miscellaneous metal products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General purpose machinery and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electrical machinery and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aircraft and aircraft equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stage 3 intermediate demand services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rail transportation of freight and mail2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Courier, messenger, and U.S. postal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arrangement of freight and cargo2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freight forwarding2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Warehousing, storage, and related services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advertising space sales in periodicals, newspapers, directories, and mailing lists2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wired telephone services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bundled wired telecommunications access services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data processing and related services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Business loans (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deposit services (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services2. . . . . Insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential real estate rents2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounting services (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management, scientific, and technical consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advertising agency services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Staffing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aircraft repair maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemicals and allied products wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paper and plastics products wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metal treatment services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stage 2 intermediate demand goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oilseeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepared animal feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natural gas2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liquefied petroleum gas2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crude petroleum2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 2 diesel fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Industrial chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plastic resins and materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plastic products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Logs, bolts, timber, pulpwood, and wood chips2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item code Unadjusted 12-month percent change1 Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change1 Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023p Oct. to Nov. Nov. to Dec.p Dec. to Jan.p Jan. to Feb.p Feb. to Mar.p 06 06 07 07 09 09 09 09 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 13 13 14 14 ID5 30 30 31 31 32 5 6 1102 22 13 14 15 47 15 17 25 28 3 74 81 89 4 7 21 22 12 2 9312 11 16 31 3201 1 -6.9 -6.2 -4.4 0.8 6.6 4.2 9.6 12.5 5.7 -15.1 -7.5 8.0 3.7 -0.4 12.5 4.9 10.0 5.0 11.3 17.0 2.8 4.3 3.0 6.2 7.8 -33.8 -0.8 15.2 0.9 -4.1 -3.6 0.6 -0.4 0.3 0.7 1.2 -0.1 -3.1 1.2 1.3 -0.4 -1.3 -0.6 1.3 0.7 0.4 0.2 1.1 -0.1 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.5 -14.4 -3.4 -0.3 -3.4 0.4 -4.5 -0.7 0.2 -0.5 0.3 0.4 0.2 -3.4 0.8 0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.4 2.0 0.0 1.7 -1.5 -0.8 -2.5 -1.2 -0.3 -0.5 0.2 1.4 1.5 -2.3 3.1 -0.3 -1.8 0.8 1.0 -0.1 0.7 0.6 3.4 3.5 0.4 0.4 0.8 1.0 2.2 -6.0 0.0 2.3 -3.4 1.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.7 -1.0 0.1 0.1 0.6 2.5 1.9 0.8 -0.4 0.0 0.6 1.1 0.2 -0.1 0.5 2.6 -0.2 0.6 0.1 -1.0 0.1 -2.7 -0.1 2.1 -3.1 0.5 -1.3 -1.5 -0.7 -0.9 -0.3 1.2 0.0 1.2 -0.2 -0.3 0.0 1.3 0.4 -0.7 0.6 0.2 -0.1 0.9 0.3 0.4 -0.7 -0.2 -0.3 -4.4 -0.4 -0.4 36 37 37 38 39 39 40 41 43 45 45 45 45 45 46 55 57 57 57 57 57 57 59 1 1 5 1 11 2 1 11 11 1 2 3 4 51 3 4 1102 3 4 5 6 8101 1 3.2 2.9 10.2 0.1 85.7 16.0 31.5 2.8 2.5 6.5 5.9 3.3 0.0 1.4 0.7 4.0 1.5 -6.7 -5.3 10.0 8.2 3.7 6.0 -0.3 0.0 -0.3 0.0 8.6 -0.9 11.7 0.1 -0.8 0.4 -0.2 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 2.1 -1.2 -0.2 -0.4 0.4 -0.4 -0.1 1.0 0.1 -0.2 0.0 1.4 15.2 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.3 0.4 0.1 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.6 -0.9 1.2 -6.2 -1.3 1.6 -2.1 -0.6 1.1 0.0 4.2 0.0 8.7 -1.9 0.4 0.2 1.8 1.6 1.3 0.0 1.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.5 1.2 -1.2 15.2 4.0 -1.8 -0.6 2.5 0.6 0.7 -0.4 0.1 10.9 -2.6 4.4 0.2 -4.2 1.1 1.6 0.4 -1.3 0.2 -0.3 1.8 -1.1 -2.9 1.7 -3.3 0.5 -0.4 -0.1 0.9 0.2 1.4 0.2 -5.9 3.0 -0.2 0.2 -1.0 0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 -3.0 -1.0 0.7 -1.5 1.8 0.1 ID5 ID5 01 01 02 05 05 05 05 05 06 06 07 08 2 9211 2202 83 9 1 31 32 61 7303 1 6 2 5 -4.0 -15.1 -12.0 -8.9 5.3 22.7 -48.0 -48.9 -31.2 -19.4 -7.6 -6.2 3.0 -0.7 -1.0 -2.9 -3.7 3.2 0.6 -1.6 -12.5 1.0 -2.4 -1.8 -1.3 -4.1 -0.2 0.0 1.0 1.6 -3.6 0.0 0.0 -7.5 30.7 -14.6 -13.2 -27.5 -0.6 0.4 -0.2 0.8 -1.1 -3.2 -1.2 -4.9 -0.8 2.8 -17.6 0.6 -1.2 11.0 0.1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.5 -1.4 -4.7 -0.2 0.6 -1.8 -0.6 -37.8 1.6 4.2 -4.6 -1.8 1.4 -0.4 -0.9 -2.7 -5.2 -7.5 -4.3 0.0 1.3 -21.4 -9.3 -10.2 -6.5 0.0 0.5 -0.3 -1.1 See footnotes at end of table. 26 Table 2. Producer price index percentage changes for selected commodity groupings by Final DemandIntermediate Demand category, seasonally adjusted — Continued [March 2023] Commodity code Grouping Group code Item code Unadjusted 12-month percent change1 Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change1 Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023p Oct. to Nov. Nov. to Dec.p Dec. to Jan.p Jan. to Feb.p Feb. to Mar.p Paper2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paperboard, excluding corrugated paperboard2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial printing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iron and steel scrap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steel mill products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonferrous mill shapes2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electrical machinery and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electronic components and accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stage 2 intermediate demand services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rail transportation of freight and mail2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Truck transportation of freight2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Postal Service2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Courier and messenger services, except air. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air mail and package delivery services, excluding by USPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pipeline transportation2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Airline passenger services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arrangement of freight and cargo2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Television advertising time sales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wireless telecommunication services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data processing and related services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services2. . . . . Portfolio management2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investment banking2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commissions from sales of insurance2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounting services (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management, scientific, and technical consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advertising agency services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Staffing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Security guard services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Janitorial services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Traveler accommodation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hardware and building materials and supplies retailing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 09 09 09 10 10 10 11 11 ID5 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 36 37 38 40 40 40 41 42 45 45 45 45 46 48 49 53 13 1411 47 12 17 25 7 78 9212 11 12 1601 1602 1603 17 22 31 21 2 1 1 2 31 11 11 1 2 4 51 3 1 1 1 6.6 5.1 12.5 -21.8 -15.1 -7.5 5.0 1.6 7.0 6.2 -6.7 10.0 5.3 6.7 – 11.8 -33.8 -16.6 1.8 0.1 31.5 -12.2 -3.5 2.8 0.1 6.5 5.9 0.0 1.4 0.7 7.9 3.0 2.4 -0.4 0.3 1.2 -1.8 -3.1 1.2 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.0 0.8 1.1 0.0 -3.6 -14.4 6.6 -0.1 0.0 11.7 1.3 -1.4 0.1 0.0 0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.2 2.4 0.2 -0.4 0.4 -6.8 -3.4 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.6 -0.1 -1.4 0.0 0.5 -3.1 -1.3 3.2 2.0 -9.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 -0.9 -1.4 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.1 1.9 -0.3 -0.4 1.4 1.3 -2.3 3.1 0.6 -0.6 0.8 1.0 -2.2 4.0 -0.3 3.3 0.3 2.5 -6.0 -1.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 4.2 0.3 0.2 0.0 1.6 1.3 1.1 0.1 -0.1 1.1 0.4 -2.3 0.7 -1.0 0.1 11.2 2.5 1.9 -0.1 -0.1 1.3 -1.0 -0.9 0.0 0.3 -0.1 1.2 -1.5 -2.7 -6.4 0.3 0.1 4.4 -0.5 2.1 0.2 0.0 1.1 1.6 -1.3 0.2 -0.3 0.1 -0.1 -3.4 -0.7 -0.1 1.2 4.1 1.2 -0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.8 -0.2 -2.9 0.0 -0.2 -0.8 0.0 1.3 -4.4 -3.6 0.1 0.2 -0.2 -4.5 3.0 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.3 4.1 55 58 1 D 8.6 -29.2 0.7 0.4 0.5 -6.8 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -5.8 1.2 -0.9 Stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stage 1 intermediate demand goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepared animal feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial electric power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Industrial electric power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial natural gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Industrial natural gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 2 diesel fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Industrial chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepared paint2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plastic construction products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recyclable paper2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paper2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Converted paper and paperboard products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iron and steel scrap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steel mill products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary nonferrous metals2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonferrous scrap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonferrous wire and cable2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fabricated structural metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General purpose machinery and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stage 1 intermediate demand services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Truck transportation of freight2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Airline passenger services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advertising space sales in periodicals, newspapers, directories, and mailing lists2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Business wired telecommunication services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wireless telecommunication services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID5 ID5 02 05 05 05 05 05 05 06 06 07 09 09 09 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 13 ID5 30 30 1 9111 9 42 43 52 53 71 7303 1 21 21 12 13 15 12 17 22 23 26 7 4 21 9112 12 22 0.4 -1.7 5.3 9.6 9.7 7.3 12.5 -19.2 -19.4 -7.6 10.1 3.0 -59.8 6.6 9.6 -21.8 -15.1 -20.3 -23.5 4.2 2.0 10.0 11.3 2.5 -6.7 11.8 0.1 -0.6 0.6 -0.8 -1.8 -4.4 -1.7 -5.1 -1.8 -1.3 -1.0 -1.1 -23.9 -0.4 0.7 -1.8 -3.1 5.9 1.8 4.1 -0.8 0.7 0.2 0.9 0.8 -3.6 -1.8 -3.0 0.0 1.8 2.8 3.3 4.5 -8.6 -27.5 -0.6 0.3 -0.3 10.1 0.2 0.3 -6.8 -3.4 1.6 1.3 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.7 -0.4 -1.4 3.2 0.8 0.9 -0.8 2.0 6.9 12.3 7.2 7.5 11.0 0.1 0.0 -0.2 -3.7 -0.3 0.2 1.3 -2.3 3.1 -0.2 2.7 0.3 0.7 3.4 0.7 -2.2 2.5 -0.4 -0.6 -1.8 1.7 -4.3 -11.4 -9.8 3.8 -4.6 -1.8 -0.1 -0.5 10.1 0.7 0.1 11.2 2.5 0.8 -3.2 2.0 -0.2 0.2 0.5 -0.2 -0.9 -1.5 -0.7 -1.2 0.0 -2.7 -0.1 -9.7 -6.1 -11.7 -6.5 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.7 -0.3 4.1 1.2 -5.2 -1.2 -0.8 0.8 0.6 -0.1 -0.2 -2.9 1.3 36 37 37 1 12 2 3.2 2.8 1.8 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 1.0 0.2 0.1 1.1 -0.1 0.0 0.6 1.2 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.1 See footnotes at end of table. 27 Table 2. Producer price index percentage changes for selected commodity groupings by Final DemandIntermediate Demand category, seasonally adjusted — Continued [March 2023] Commodity code Grouping Group code Bundled wired telecommunications access services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Business loans (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deposit services (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services2. . . . . Portfolio management2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investment banking2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential real estate rents2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waste collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Traveler accommodation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemicals and allied products wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paper and plastics products wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hardware and building materials and supplies retailing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item code Unadjusted 12-month percent change1 Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change1 Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023p Oct. to Nov. Nov. to Dec.p Dec. to Jan.p Jan. to Feb.p Feb. to Mar.p 37 39 39 40 40 40 41 43 45 45 50 53 5 11 2 1 2 3 11 11 3 41 1 11 10.2 85.7 16.0 31.5 -12.2 -3.5 2.8 2.5 3.3 0.0 12.5 2.4 -0.3 8.6 -0.9 11.7 1.3 -1.4 0.1 -0.8 0.4 0.0 0.6 2.4 -0.2 1.4 15.2 0.4 -0.9 -1.4 0.6 1.0 0.1 1.2 0.7 1.9 4.2 8.7 -1.9 0.4 4.2 0.3 0.2 1.8 0.0 1.1 1.3 -2.3 -0.4 10.9 -2.6 4.4 -0.5 2.1 0.2 -4.2 0.4 -1.3 1.6 -3.4 1.4 -5.9 3.0 -0.2 -4.5 3.0 0.2 -1.0 -0.1 0.1 1.1 4.1 55 57 57 57 57 57 58 60 1 1102 3 4 5 6 D 1 8.6 1.5 -6.7 -5.3 10.0 8.2 -29.2 8.0 0.7 2.1 -1.2 -0.2 -0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 -0.9 1.2 -6.2 -1.3 1.6 -6.8 0.3 -0.6 1.2 -1.2 15.2 4.0 -1.8 -0.5 0.5 -0.4 -1.1 -2.9 1.7 -3.3 0.5 -5.8 0.6 1.2 0.2 -3.0 -1.0 0.7 -1.5 -0.9 0.1 1 All indexes are subject to revision for 4 months after their originally scheduled publication to incorporate late reports and corrections by survey respondents. In addition, seasonally adjusted indexes are subject to change for up to 5 years due to the recalculation of seasonal factors published each January. Seasonal tests did not indicate the presence of seasonality. Data shown is not seasonally adjusted. 3 Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers. p Preliminary ″-″ Data not available. NOTE: The term ″(partial)″ denotes incomplete coverage of the index category. 2 28 Table 3. Producer price indexes for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand groupings, seasonally adjusted [March 2023, Index base Nov. 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated] Grouping Commodity Other code index Group Item base code code Seasonally adjusted index1 Nov. 2022 Dec. 2022p Jan. 2023p Feb. 2023p Mar. 2023p Final Demand Final demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished consumer foods2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished consumer foods, crude. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished consumer foods, processed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government purchased foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foods for export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished consumer energy goods2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government purchased energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy for export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand goods less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished goods less foods and energy2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished consumer goods less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable consumer goods less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable consumer goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private capital equipment for manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private capital equipment for nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . Government purchased goods, excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government purchased goods excluding foods, energy, and capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government purchased capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods for export, excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand trade services3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade of finished goods2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade of personal consumption goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade of private capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade of government purchased goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade of government purchased goods, excluding capital equipment. . . Trade of government purchased capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade of exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers for final demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of private passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of government passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers for export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods for final demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of finished goods2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of personal consumption goods. . . . . Transportation and warehousing of private capital equipment. . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of government purchased goods. . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . Finished services less trade, transportation, and warehousing2. . . . . . . . . . . Finished consumer services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private capital investment services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government purchased services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gov. purchased services less trade, transportation, and warehousing, excl. capital investment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government purchased capital investment services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services for export less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . Final demand construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction for private capital investment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction for government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD 4 41 411 4111 41113 41112 4112 4113 412 4121 4122 4123 413 4131 41311 413111 413112 41312 413121 413122 4132 141.175 145.193 158.287 278.243 426.706 262.901 154.652 165.588 155.464 235.023 185.758 168.117 138.709 242.156 269.652 347.817 188.973 207.428 221.084 203.341 135.663 140.963 143.193 156.907 275.965 422.926 260.778 154.292 163.254 145.642 224.487 162.157 148.104 138.822 242.679 270.021 348.019 189.491 208.063 221.799 203.954 135.886 141.573 144.990 154.929 272.550 352.874 263.697 154.217 160.076 153.597 236.921 174.015 150.769 139.652 244.385 271.820 350.789 190.450 209.611 223.824 205.356 136.281 141.568 144.542 151.459 265.597 286.819 262.396 152.025 158.158 153.109 237.734 170.080 145.993 140.062 245.195 273.037 353.073 190.715 210.029 224.581 205.673 136.257 140.865 143.031 152.386 268.641 305.093 263.978 152.615 155.604 143.236 222.061 159.490 138.205 140.469 246.060 273.752 354.143 191.095 210.988 225.635 206.604 136.571 FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD 41321 41322 4133 42 423 4231 42311 42312 4232 42321 42322 4233 422 4221 42211 42212 42213 4222 42221 422211 422212 42222 42223 421 4211 145.659 121.171 136.556 138.079 152.166 150.799 150.008 152.592 161.204 164.996 153.954 161.520 156.445 132.390 132.400 132.214 132.358 165.131 164.061 164.226 163.401 161.357 169.637 129.880 130.359 145.838 121.446 136.303 138.769 153.720 152.358 150.882 157.141 163.500 163.513 161.968 162.764 156.428 136.639 136.638 136.405 136.654 163.250 162.121 162.309 161.371 159.940 167.777 130.243 130.718 146.406 121.628 137.000 138.819 152.036 150.531 149.418 153.619 161.261 162.272 158.128 162.601 155.682 139.985 139.977 139.715 140.027 160.941 159.547 159.860 158.283 158.469 165.873 131.073 131.439 146.201 121.822 137.448 139.011 151.999 150.647 150.001 151.576 160.717 162.716 155.990 161.291 154.259 137.847 137.844 137.602 137.870 159.807 158.296 158.643 156.896 157.742 164.916 131.524 131.808 146.519 122.125 137.722 138.640 150.687 149.531 149.430 147.951 157.583 162.266 148.538 158.830 152.194 139.685 139.678 139.421 139.723 156.222 154.513 154.920 152.865 154.698 161.649 131.705 132.081 FD 42111 129.650 130.017 130.783 131.210 131.535 FD 42112 136.966 137.252 137.647 137.574 137.440 FD 4212 121.047 121.244 122.232 122.424 122.288 FD 42121 121.628 121.819 122.778 122.945 122.802 FD FD FD FD FD 42122 4213 43 431 432 106.756 133.835 173.226 177.358 165.506 107.085 134.439 173.302 177.488 165.487 108.520 136.675 176.489 180.802 168.421 109.052 138.618 176.543 180.832 168.527 109.017 137.839 176.911 181.172 168.955 04/10 04/10 FD FD 49101 49102 138.658 139.036 138.511 138.990 139.107 139.491 139.094 139.529 138.439 138.889 04/10 04/10 FD FD 49103 49104 137.760 137.429 138.314 137.963 138.594 138.258 138.845 138.491 138.655 138.307 04/10 FD 49105 138.545 138.387 139.148 139.350 138.525 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 Final Demand Special Groupings Final demand less exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand less government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand less foods, food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption, and energy4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand less foods and energy4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand less foods and food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. 29 Table 3. Producer price indexes for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand groupings, seasonally adjusted — Continued [March 2023, Index base Nov. 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated] Grouping Final demand less foods4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand less trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand less distributive services5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand goods less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand goods less foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand services less trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand distributive services5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand goods plus final demand distributive services5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final demand less foods, energy, and trade services4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private and government purchased capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private and government purchased capital investment services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private and government purchased capital investment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total finished2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total finished less foods, food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption, and energy2, 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total finished less foods and energy2, 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total finished less foods and food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption2, 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total finished less foods2, 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total finished less energy2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished goods2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished goods less energy2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished goods, excluding foods2, 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private capital investment services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished distributive services2, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished services less trade services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished services less distributive services2, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private capital investment (goods, services, and construction). . . . . . . . . . . . . Finished goods plus finished distributive services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods for export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services for export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total government purchases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government purchased goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government purchased services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total government purchased capital investment (goods, services, construction).. . Government purchases, defense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government purchases, non-defense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption goods (finished consumer goods). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption goods less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption goods less foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption nondurable goods less foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption less trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption less distributive services5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption less foods, energy, and trade services3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption less foods, energy, and distributive services5. . . . . . . . . . . . Personal consumption goods plus personal consumption distributive services5. . . Commodity Other code index Item base Group code code Seasonally adjusted index1 Nov. 2022 Dec. 2022p Jan. 2023p Feb. 2023p Mar. 2023p 04/10 04/10 01/10 01/10 01/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 08/13 08/13 08/13 08/13 01/10 FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD 49106 49107 49108 49109 49111 49112 49113 49114 49115 49116 49117 49118 49119 49201 138.128 138.360 137.038 136.001 141.455 139.291 131.227 151.038 145.574 125.941 125.174 133.374 132.918 139.398 137.988 138.782 136.407 135.416 141.265 137.217 131.552 152.125 144.829 126.180 125.544 135.392 134.048 139.448 138.732 138.948 137.496 136.656 141.488 139.775 132.228 150.367 145.118 126.929 126.376 134.246 134.179 139.931 138.920 138.972 137.498 136.706 141.052 139.968 132.499 150.160 144.776 127.213 126.621 133.438 133.878 139.969 138.137 138.851 136.935 136.272 141.568 137.981 132.468 148.522 143.235 127.305 127.162 131.799 133.315 139.374 12/10 01/10 FD FD 49202 49203 137.074 137.898 137.697 138.514 137.863 138.689 138.095 138.926 137.984 138.816 12/10 01/10 01/10 00/82 00/82 00/82 01/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 00/82 04/10 04/10 00/82 04/10 08/13 05/15 05/15 01/10 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/14 04/14 04/14 08/13 FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD FD 49204 49205 49206 49207 49208 49209 49210 49211 49212 49213 49214 49215 49216 49301 49302 49303 49401 49402 49403 49404 49405 49406 49501 49502 49503 49504 49508 49505 49506 49507 49510 49511 49512 49509 137.118 138.482 138.917 256.935 250.986 250.600 136.582 143.553 149.250 131.095 129.551 140.904 146.187 140.496 237.365 147.872 138.295 243.792 130.234 130.314 125.371 132.629 138.962 278.187 273.950 276.065 313.824 134.991 135.646 134.853 126.460 122.842 122.151 135.087 137.248 138.609 139.422 254.038 250.792 247.561 137.274 145.532 150.429 131.424 129.995 142.088 145.870 139.913 234.927 148.545 136.196 234.966 130.851 131.521 123.202 130.621 138.760 273.673 273.204 270.676 305.955 135.490 135.159 134.409 126.892 123.153 122.543 134.245 137.847 139.222 139.480 257.733 251.125 253.167 137.212 144.315 148.533 132.020 130.769 142.143 146.011 140.513 235.593 149.473 137.933 240.374 131.278 132.209 124.856 132.229 139.343 278.222 272.741 278.678 317.321 135.606 136.240 135.624 127.084 123.817 123.338 134.573 138.095 139.476 139.489 256.954 249.837 254.015 137.412 143.452 148.482 132.250 131.080 141.790 145.760 140.553 235.388 149.736 137.423 238.313 131.246 132.137 124.453 131.681 139.470 276.919 270.384 279.789 318.810 135.966 136.253 135.681 127.446 124.125 123.710 134.428 137.376 138.755 139.480 253.876 251.287 249.333 137.178 141.831 147.065 132.342 131.385 141.196 144.187 139.630 234.530 148.195 136.144 234.365 130.538 131.567 123.171 130.524 138.876 272.072 272.120 271.617 306.815 135.944 135.656 135.194 127.463 124.306 124.049 132.843 00/82 00/82 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 1 11 111 1111 1112 1113 112 1121 1122 12 121 122 13 131 268.344 238.512 151.365 261.957 282.537 285.176 185.149 148.164 130.477 350.202 167.529 177.272 290.026 290.536 261.702 237.019 149.785 260.260 280.098 281.169 185.376 147.876 130.659 349.274 166.378 177.351 261.463 274.271 264.630 236.827 149.121 260.604 279.137 278.887 186.395 147.401 131.437 349.354 165.490 178.148 275.450 282.163 263.480 236.378 148.412 254.564 275.592 282.436 186.945 147.405 131.845 349.548 165.877 177.995 271.544 269.956 260.870 236.452 148.290 254.909 274.965 282.426 187.359 146.788 132.181 351.154 166.222 179.168 257.675 262.522 Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type Processed goods Processed goods for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Materials and components for manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Materials for manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Materials for food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Materials for nondurable manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Materials for durable manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Components for manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Components for nondurable manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Components for durable manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Materials and components for construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Materials for construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Components for construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed fuels and lubricants for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed fuels and lubricants to manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 See footnotes at end of table. 30 Table 3. Producer price indexes for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand groupings, seasonally adjusted — Continued [March 2023, Index base Nov. 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated] Grouping Processed fuels and lubricants to nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . Containers for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supplies for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supplies to manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries, feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries, other than feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodity Other code index Item base Group code code Seasonally adjusted index1 Nov. 2022 Dec. 2022p Jan. 2023p Feb. 2023p Mar. 2023p 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 132 14 15 151 152 1521 1522 290.371 315.066 252.943 247.898 251.720 256.902 253.203 257.727 315.057 252.765 247.908 251.514 255.506 253.116 273.596 314.485 253.779 247.511 252.738 254.102 254.589 272.259 314.322 253.100 247.336 251.986 248.394 254.472 256.385 312.531 253.309 247.204 252.247 245.051 255.201 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 2 21 22 221 2211 291.398 256.510 304.723 354.324 329.943 295.703 255.975 312.008 328.754 304.879 281.757 241.535 298.798 329.608 305.278 268.365 239.108 278.382 336.812 312.185 255.012 235.948 258.535 320.019 295.928 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 2212 222 2221 2222 329.266 216.947 272.520 219.824 331.391 265.784 273.124 272.952 342.515 226.489 262.647 230.956 344.195 154.933 233.901 155.013 344.104 130.264 226.646 128.686 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 3 33 331 332 32 321 3211 3212 322 3221 142.922 170.856 155.237 152.873 157.147 132.279 132.338 132.333 159.849 136.729 142.904 168.830 153.290 151.167 157.205 136.468 136.630 136.509 159.461 135.479 144.183 169.861 156.231 150.161 157.662 139.777 140.001 139.812 159.660 134.144 144.611 169.186 155.453 149.714 157.399 137.665 137.846 137.705 159.571 133.612 143.834 168.284 155.123 148.439 155.946 139.483 139.697 139.519 157.807 131.552 Unprocessed goods Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed nonfood materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel to manufacturing industries. . . Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel to nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed fuel to manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed fuel to nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services Services for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services for intermediate demand3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services for manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services for nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers for manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers for nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods for manufacturing industries. . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods for nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12/12 12/12 12/12 12/12 ID6 3222 141.663 141.572 142.199 142.253 140.851 ID6 31 132.819 133.344 134.817 135.607 134.989 ID6 311 124.769 125.028 126.466 126.895 127.138 ID6 312 133.075 133.609 135.083 135.886 135.238 ID6 4 141.280 141.372 142.459 142.761 143.746 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 ID6 9111 9112 9113 9118 9115 9116 9117 9211 9212 9213 9216 269.541 256.470 291.372 259.330 259.214 163.757 150.719 304.901 245.714 307.423 457.406 262.422 254.928 262.676 258.309 258.258 162.342 147.681 315.205 258.118 305.056 449.695 265.609 255.322 276.728 258.496 258.404 163.018 149.016 299.890 239.120 295.677 456.285 264.872 250.134 272.805 258.041 258.560 162.604 148.448 276.931 212.936 294.435 458.702 262.021 249.881 258.871 258.244 258.822 161.346 147.073 255.971 187.614 291.664 457.181 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 4 41 411 4111 4112 4113 412 4123 4122 41221 41222 4121 42 146.865 146.523 141.060 160.794 180.465 137.795 164.580 175.809 139.944 132.357 150.696 126.267 142.391 146.342 145.823 140.618 157.985 179.883 137.710 163.150 173.850 139.856 136.653 149.745 126.479 142.438 147.760 146.462 140.768 158.312 173.418 137.887 165.361 176.536 139.925 140.026 149.167 127.657 144.320 147.818 146.355 140.867 156.406 172.809 138.298 164.578 175.397 138.678 137.869 148.016 128.119 144.455 147.135 146.056 140.472 153.991 164.754 138.277 164.590 175.491 137.454 139.722 146.106 128.277 143.627 Construction Construction for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type Special Groupings Processed materials less foods and feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed foods and feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed energy goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed materials less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed materials less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intermediate distributive services6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed goods plus intermediate distributive services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed materials less agricultural products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed energy materials7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed materials less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed nonfood materials less energy8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 04/10 04/10 00/82 00/82 00/82 00/82 Intermediate Demand by Production Flow Stage 4 Intermediate Demand Stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inputs to stage 4 goods producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inputs to stage 4 services producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. 31 Table 3. Producer price indexes for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand groupings, seasonally adjusted — Continued [March 2023, Index base Nov. 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated] Grouping Commodity Other code index Item base Group code code Seasonally adjusted index1 Nov. 2022 Dec. 2022p Jan. 2023p Feb. 2023p Mar. 2023p Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inputs to stage 4 construction producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 421 4211 4212 4213 422 4223 4222 42221 42222 4221 423 43 431 4312 4313 432 4323 4322 43221 43222 4321 147.228 152.439 145.258 146.195 140.503 160.073 148.472 131.874 151.952 136.528 141.280 163.713 168.135 185.399 170.362 152.408 170.622 158.378 137.976 159.722 128.716 146.068 150.648 142.152 146.249 140.985 158.736 149.493 136.121 152.382 137.195 141.372 161.342 165.532 159.881 169.935 150.601 167.033 156.692 142.444 157.863 128.749 148.541 150.714 148.413 147.088 142.699 159.355 151.771 139.462 154.493 138.951 142.459 162.479 166.873 170.425 170.378 151.205 169.365 154.256 145.954 155.274 129.094 147.841 148.373 147.178 147.211 143.112 158.553 151.980 137.327 155.108 139.514 142.761 162.590 167.226 172.130 170.606 150.722 168.305 152.826 143.710 153.856 129.479 146.707 148.964 142.576 147.567 142.384 158.401 151.319 139.162 154.013 138.722 143.746 161.663 166.532 156.425 171.380 149.226 165.941 149.273 145.637 150.152 129.555 Stage 3 Intermediate Demand Stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inputs to stage 3 goods producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inputs to stage 3 services producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inputs to stage 3 construction producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 3 31 311 3111 3112 3113 312 3123 3122 31221 31222 3121 32 321 3211 3212 3213 322 3223 3222 32221 32222 3221 323 33 331 3313 332 3323 3322 33222 3321 151.963 164.746 161.959 189.978 184.301 153.040 164.327 168.426 158.652 140.925 159.418 130.145 141.528 150.700 162.452 166.353 136.189 138.339 192.526 160.897 104.310 161.391 129.376 141.280 144.022 136.664 174.142 170.731 176.013 115.601 122.021 121.903 148.983 162.576 159.718 189.098 153.778 151.976 162.612 166.043 157.533 145.496 157.971 130.024 137.896 133.514 161.751 138.040 136.131 138.883 191.608 161.204 104.488 161.700 130.091 141.372 140.369 135.695 172.908 164.224 168.966 115.318 121.723 121.488 149.306 160.467 156.512 178.873 155.660 151.394 164.866 170.980 155.562 149.085 155.699 131.364 140.016 140.422 165.497 149.210 136.554 139.803 188.964 162.495 104.468 162.997 131.116 142.459 139.793 135.070 172.112 163.906 168.486 115.731 122.159 123.915 148.951 159.897 155.966 175.801 151.860 152.086 164.244 170.383 154.336 146.790 154.534 131.878 139.845 138.247 162.666 145.630 136.565 140.148 190.932 162.655 104.441 163.158 131.415 142.761 138.196 134.942 171.948 160.400 164.605 115.277 121.679 123.913 147.474 158.954 155.203 173.118 147.343 152.326 162.683 169.096 151.471 148.762 151.404 132.138 137.987 132.605 161.063 136.077 136.925 139.240 188.896 161.272 104.623 161.767 130.700 143.746 137.180 134.527 171.420 158.552 162.561 114.965 121.350 123.936 Stage 2 Intermediate Demand Stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inputs to stage 2 goods producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 2 21 211 2111 2112 2113 212 2123 2122 21221 21222 2121 213 139.438 134.349 134.651 176.518 109.177 147.254 147.203 166.205 167.742 132.933 169.858 129.463 141.280 140.866 136.242 137.153 175.423 113.876 146.565 146.867 164.846 167.087 136.996 168.819 130.720 141.372 139.374 132.673 132.129 171.108 105.998 147.098 147.763 164.902 167.644 140.234 169.292 133.091 142.459 137.378 127.692 125.242 169.629 95.115 147.192 148.564 164.264 168.483 138.172 170.274 135.667 142.761 133.696 122.236 118.018 164.527 83.922 147.741 148.351 164.745 168.358 139.953 170.056 134.524 143.746 See footnotes at end of table. 32 Table 3. Producer price indexes for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand groupings, seasonally adjusted — Continued [March 2023, Index base Nov. 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated] Grouping Commodity Other code index Item base Group code code Seasonally adjusted index1 Nov. 2022 Dec. 2022p Jan. 2023p Feb. 2023p Mar. 2023p Inputs to stage 2 services producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 22 221 2211 2212 2213 222 2223 2222 22221 22222 2221 223 140.923 147.602 132.309 190.629 145.376 139.620 183.676 152.611 132.802 156.861 137.523 141.280 141.712 146.375 130.683 170.170 145.341 140.728 192.314 154.252 137.070 158.014 138.150 141.372 142.877 147.292 128.836 183.803 145.461 141.925 183.306 151.791 140.430 154.476 140.105 142.459 144.690 146.851 125.856 181.260 145.190 144.043 183.208 150.112 138.283 152.876 142.622 142.761 143.358 145.932 122.042 167.784 145.125 142.613 175.532 147.739 140.129 149.717 141.548 143.746 Stage 1 Intermediate Demand Stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inputs to stage 1 goods producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inputs to stage 1 services producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inputs to stage 1 construction producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 1 11 111 1111 1112 1113 112 1123 1122 11221 11222 1121 113 12 121 1211 1212 1213 122 1223 1222 12221 12222 1221 123 13 131 1312 1313 132 1323 1322 13222 1321 148.393 150.890 151.669 174.876 148.137 152.480 152.578 167.730 158.210 132.332 162.616 107.763 141.280 145.258 155.037 211.574 188.076 147.228 140.058 171.142 142.220 132.253 162.806 135.038 141.280 167.709 169.162 200.765 167.730 164.877 171.040 133.260 137.841 133.855 145.788 148.621 149.091 171.018 141.611 150.987 151.079 165.230 157.910 136.627 161.473 107.677 141.372 142.969 147.797 229.161 163.775 147.768 140.249 169.763 143.210 136.545 162.019 135.308 141.372 162.527 164.079 156.309 167.695 159.498 164.842 131.419 135.936 134.179 146.944 149.507 149.160 170.329 145.277 150.344 154.275 170.458 157.819 139.999 160.450 108.297 142.459 144.448 150.984 223.728 172.199 148.791 141.034 168.679 145.233 139.915 163.557 136.080 142.459 163.028 165.346 166.099 167.975 158.397 164.751 128.560 132.978 134.963 146.357 148.950 148.609 168.797 143.020 150.344 153.684 168.945 158.571 137.843 161.909 108.754 142.761 143.963 149.662 187.453 168.123 148.923 140.902 169.852 144.406 137.761 163.345 135.917 142.761 161.830 164.602 158.869 167.982 156.111 162.019 127.455 131.836 134.748 145.310 147.263 146.627 161.341 136.368 150.326 152.788 167.719 158.530 139.695 161.403 108.292 143.746 143.278 147.474 198.857 160.111 149.242 140.851 168.559 143.988 139.611 161.681 136.044 143.746 160.821 164.179 149.584 168.596 153.700 160.003 123.903 128.162 135.493 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 9411 9412 9413 9414 9415 9416 9311 9312 9313 9314 9315 9316 9211 9212 9213 9214 9215 9216 9111 145.219 144.702 140.109 153.758 140.266 145.854 151.072 141.933 140.109 168.881 165.866 144.373 129.424 141.848 140.109 176.998 107.816 138.442 138.421 144.165 144.691 140.201 151.433 134.212 145.721 145.267 141.966 140.201 168.099 137.773 143.501 131.445 142.648 140.201 175.890 112.127 137.933 134.337 145.255 146.391 141.279 151.648 140.199 146.101 144.696 143.080 141.279 159.105 147.337 143.091 127.244 143.776 141.279 171.577 104.639 138.345 135.498 145.167 146.576 141.578 149.601 139.509 146.406 143.788 143.226 141.578 156.373 143.792 143.636 121.318 145.587 141.578 170.063 94.071 138.354 134.751 144.502 145.891 142.555 148.504 133.573 146.649 141.885 142.208 142.555 153.993 135.150 143.870 115.058 144.442 142.555 164.947 83.085 138.738 133.162 Intermediate Demand by Production Flow Special Groupings Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . services inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . construction inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . foods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . energy goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . services inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . construction inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . foods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . energy goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . services inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . construction inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . foods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . energy goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 See footnotes at end of table. 33 Table 3. Producer price indexes for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand groupings, seasonally adjusted — Continued [March 2023, Index base Nov. 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated] Grouping Total Total Total Total Total services inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . construction inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . foods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . energy goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . Commodity Other code index Item base Group code code 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 04/10 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 ID5 1 9112 9117 9114 9115 9116 Seasonally adjusted index1 Nov. 2022 Dec. 2022p Jan. 2023p Feb. 2023p Mar. 2023p 143.225 140.109 165.403 167.453 127.632 142.652 140.201 162.189 148.845 127.188 143.707 141.279 161.421 155.128 127.250 143.353 141.578 159.170 151.643 127.285 142.998 142.555 152.599 144.336 127.463 All indexes are subject to revision for 4 months after their originally scheduled publication to incorporate late reports and corrections by survey respondents. In addition, seasonally adjusted indexes are subject to change for up to 5 years due to the recalculation of seasonal factors published each January. PPI defines Total finished as including only the personal consumption and private capital investment portions of final demand. 3 Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers. 4 The PPI definition of foods does not include food and beverages for immediate consumption. PPI defines food and beverages for immediate consumption as the service of preparing meals, snacks, and beverages to customer order for immediate on-premises and off-premises consumption. 5 Distributive services include transportation, warehousing, and trade of goods. 6 Includes intermediate trade, transportation, and warehousing services. 7 Includes crude petroleum. 8 Excludes crude petroleum. p Preliminary ″-″ Data not available. 2 34
@FedFRASER