Full text of Producer Price Indexes : Producer Price Indexes—December 2023

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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, January 12, 2024
Technical information: (202) 691-7705 • ppi-info@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ppi
Media contact:
(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

USDL 24-0021

PRODUCER PRICE INDEXES – DECEMBER 2023
The Producer Price Index for final demand fell 0.1 percent in December, seasonally adjusted, the U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Final demand prices moved down 0.1 percent in November
and 0.4 percent in October. (See table A.) On an unadjusted basis, the index for final demand rose 1.0
percent in 2023 after increasing 6.4 percent in 2022.
The December decrease in the index for final demand is attributable to a 0.4-percent drop in prices for
final demand goods. The index for final demand services was unchanged.
The index for final demand less foods, energy, and trade services rose 0.2 percent in December after
edging up 0.1 percent in both November and October. Prices for final demand less foods, energy, and
trade services climbed 2.5 percent in 2023 following a 4.7-percent increase in 2022.
Chart 1. One-month percent changes in selected PPI final demand price indexes, seasonally adjusted
Percent change
2.0
1.0
0.0
-1.0
-2.0
Dec'22

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

Final demand

May

June

July

Aug

Final demand goods

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec'23

Final demand services

Chart 2. Twelve-month percent changes in selected PPI final demand price indexes, not seasonally adjusted
Percent change
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
-2.0
-4.0
-6.0
Dec'22

Jan

Feb

Mar
Final demand

Apr

May

June

July

Final demand goods

Aug

Sep

Oct

Final demand services

Nov

Dec'23

Final Demand
Final demand goods: The index for final demand goods fell 0.4 percent in December, the third consecutive
decline. In December, nearly 60 percent of the decrease can be traced to a 1.2-percent drop in prices for final
demand energy. The index for final demand foods moved down 0.9 percent, while prices for final demand
goods less foods and energy were unchanged.
Product detail: In December, half of the decrease in the index for final demand goods is attributable to prices
for diesel fuel, which dropped 12.4 percent. The indexes for jet fuel; eggs for fresh use; non-carbonated soft
drinks; passenger cars; and hay, hayseeds, and oilseeds also moved lower. In contrast, prices for gasoline rose
2.1 percent. The indexes for carbonated soft drinks and for nonferrous scrap also increased. (See table 2.)
Final demand services: The index for final demand services remained unchanged in December, the same as
in both November and October. In December, prices for final demand services less trade, transportation, and
warehousing rose 0.4 percent. Conversely, the indexes for final demand trade services and for final demand
transportation and warehousing services fell 0.8 percent and 0.4 percent, respectively. (Trade indexes
measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.)
Product detail: Within the index for final demand services in December, prices for securities brokerage,
dealing, and investment advice increased 3.3 percent. The indexes for consumer loans (partial), application
software publishing, airline passenger services, and fuels and lubricants retailing also moved higher. In
contrast, margins for machinery and vehicle wholesaling decreased 5.5 percent. The indexes for guestroom
rental, long-distance motor carrying, automobiles and parts retailing, and apparel wholesaling also fell.

2

Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type
Within intermediate demand in December, the index for processed goods fell 0.6 percent, prices for
unprocessed goods dropped 4.4 percent, and the index for services rose 0.4 percent. (See tables B and C.)
Processed goods for intermediate demand: The index for processed goods for intermediate demand fell 0.6
percent in December, the third consecutive decline. In December, the decrease was led by a 3.8-percent drop
in prices for processed energy goods. The index for processed foods and feeds fell 0.7 percent. Conversely,
prices for processed materials less foods and energy rose 0.2 percent. The index for processed goods for
intermediate demand fell 2.7 percent in 2023 after increasing 4.8 percent in 2022.
Product detail: Most of the December decrease in the index for processed goods for intermediate demand
can be attributed to a 12.4-percent drop in prices for diesel fuel. The indexes for jet fuel, basic organic
chemicals, prepared animal feeds, residual fuels, and natural gas to electric utilities also moved lower. In
contrast, prices for cold rolled steel sheet and strip jumped 14.6 percent. The indexes for fabricated structural
metal and for electric power also increased.
Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand: Prices for unprocessed goods for intermediate demand
moved down 4.4 percent in December, the largest decline since falling 5.2 percent in May. Eighty percent of
the December decrease can be traced to a 9.1-percent drop in the index for unprocessed energy materials.
Prices for unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs moved down 2.5 percent. Conversely, the index for
unprocessed nonfood materials less energy increased 0.2 percent. Prices for unprocessed goods for
intermediate demand fell 19.0 percent in 2023 after rising 10.7 percent in 2022.
Product detail: Over 80 percent of the decrease in the index for unprocessed goods for intermediate demand
can be attributed to a 13.2-percent drop in prices for crude petroleum. The indexes for slaughter hogs; hay,
hayseeds, and oilseeds; slaughter steers and heifers; corn; and carbon steel scrap also declined. In contrast,
prices for nonferrous scrap increased 3.6 percent. The indexes for slaughter chickens and natural gas also
moved higher.

3

Services for intermediate demand: The index for services for intermediate demand climbed 0.4 percent in
December, the largest increase since moving up 0.6 percent in July. Over 80 percent of the broad-based
December rise can be traced to a 0.5-percent advance in prices for services less trade, transportation, and
warehousing for intermediate demand. The indexes for trade services for intermediate demand and for
transportation and warehousing services for intermediate demand also moved up, 0.4 percent and 0.1 percent,
respectively. In 2023, prices for services for intermediate demand increased 3.4 percent following a 6.0percent jump in 2022.
Product detail: Over 20 percent of the December increase in the index for services for intermediate demand
can be attributed to prices for securities brokerage, dealing, and investment advice, which moved up 3.3
percent. The indexes for gross rents for retail properties; management, scientific, and technical consulting
services; television advertising time sales; metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling; and airline passenger
services also rose. Conversely, prices for business loans (partial) decreased 1.6 percent. The indexes for longdistance motor carrying and for food and alcohol wholesaling also fell.

Intermediate Demand by Production Flow
Stage 4 intermediate demand: Prices for stage 4 intermediate demand increased 0.2 percent in December
following a 0.1-percent rise in November. In December, the index for total services inputs to stage 4
intermediate demand moved up 0.4 percent, while prices for total goods inputs were unchanged. (See table
D.) Increases in the indexes for securities brokerage, dealing, and investment advice; gross rents for retail
properties; fabricated structural metal; portfolio management; electric power; and gasoline outweighed
falling prices for diesel fuel, gross rents for office buildings, and business loans (partial). In 2023, the index
for stage 4 intermediate demand rose 2.1 percent after moving up 5.9 percent in 2022.

4

Stage 3 intermediate demand: Prices for stage 3 intermediate demand declined 0.4 percent in December,
the third consecutive decrease. In December, the index for total goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand
fell 1.4 percent. In contrast, prices for total services inputs increased 0.4 percent. Decreases in the indexes for
diesel fuel; jet fuel; slaughter hogs; slaughter steers and heifers; hay, hayseeds, and oilseeds; and business
loans (partial) outweighed higher prices for television advertising time sales, slaughter chickens, and cold
rolled steel sheet and strip. In 2023, the index for stage 3 intermediate demand declined 2.4 percent following
a 5.1-percent rise in 2022.
Stage 2 intermediate demand: Prices for stage 2 intermediate demand decreased 1.6 percent in December,
the largest decline since dropping 2.5 percent in March. In December, the index for total goods inputs to
stage 2 intermediate demand fell 4.1 percent. Conversely, prices for total services inputs increased 0.2
percent. Decreases in the indexes for crude petroleum, business loans (partial), oilseeds, basic organic
chemicals, guestroom rental, and non-corrugated paperboard outweighed rising prices for deposit services
(partial), natural gas, and nonferrous scrap. In 2023, the index for stage 2 intermediate demand moved down
5.5 percent after increasing 7.7 percent in 2022.
Stage 1 intermediate demand: Prices for stage 1 intermediate demand fell 0.2 percent in December, the
third consecutive decline. In December, the index for total goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand
decreased 0.9 percent. In contrast, prices for total services inputs rose 0.4 percent. Declines in the indexes for
diesel fuel, guestroom rental, basic organic chemicals, residual fuels, gross rents for office buildings, and
long-distance motor carrying outweighed increases in prices for securities brokerage, dealing, and investment
advice; gross rents for retail properties; and fabricated structural metal products. In 2023, the index for stage
1 intermediate demand fell 0.2 percent following a 5.4-percent rise in 2022.

________________
The Producer Price Index for January 2024 is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 16,
2024, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).
*****
5

Recalculated Seasonal Adjustment Factors and Relative Importance Figures to be Available on
February 14, 2024
Each year with the release of PPI data for January, seasonal adjustment factors and relative importance
figures are recalculated to reflect price movements from the just-completed calendar year. The following
information relating to the seasonal-factor update will be available on February 14, 2024 (2 workdays
prior to the release of PPI data for January 2024 on February 16, 2024):





Direct seasonal factors for PPI commodity indexes for the year 2024,
Recalculated seasonal factors for the last 5 years (2019-2023) for PPI commodity indexes,
Recalculated seasonal factors for the last 5 years (2019-2023) for PPI Final Demand-Intermediate
Demand indexes,
Recalculated seasonal index data for the last 5 years (2019-2023) for Final Demand-Intermediate
Demand and commodity indexes. This revision to seasonally adjusted indexes for the previous 5
years will be posted to the PPI database on the BLS website.

In addition, the following relative importance figure tables, which include values for December 2023,
will be available on February 14, 2024:









Final demand by individual commodities
Final demand by component series
Individual commodities of intermediate demand by commodity type
Component series of intermediate demand by commodity type
Individual commodities of intermediate demand by production flow
Component series of intermediate demand by production flow
Commodities, all levels
Wherever-provided services and construction

This information will be available on the PPI website at www.bls.gov/ppi or by contacting the PPI
Section of Index Analysis and Public Information at ppi-info@bls.gov or (202) 691-7705.

6

Technical Note
from the Benchmark Input-Output Accounts of the U.S. In
many cases, the same commodity is purchased by different
types of buyers. As a result, commodities are often included
in several FD-ID indexes. For example, regular gasoline is
purchased for personal consumption, export, government use,
and business use. The PPI program publishes only one
commodity index for regular gasoline (wpu057104), reflecting
sales to all types of buyers, and this index is used in all
aggregations regardless of whether the gasoline is sold for
personal consumption, as an export, to government, or to
businesses. Proportions based on BEA “Use of Commodities”
data are used to allocate the correct portion of the total weight
of gasoline to each use category. In cases when buyer type is
an important price determining characteristic, indexes are
created based on specific buyer type. For example, within the
PPI category for loan services, separate indexes for consumer
loans and business loans were constructed. For more
information relating to the FD-ID structure, see “A new,
experimental system of indexes from the PPI program” in the
February 2011 Monthly Labor Review.

Brief Explanation of Producer Price Indexes
The Producer Price Index (PPI) of the Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS) is a family of indexes that measures the
average change over time in prices received (price changes) by
producers for domestically produced goods, services, and
construction. PPIs measure price change from the perspective
of the seller. This contrasts with other measures, such as the
Consumer Price Index (CPI). CPIs measure price change
from the purchaser’s perspective.
More than 10,000 PPIs for individual products and groups
of products are released each month. PPIs are available for the
products of virtually every industry in the mining and
manufacturing sectors. Over time, new PPIs have been
introduced for products of industries in the services and
construction sectors of the U.S. economy. As of January 2023,
the PPI covered 69 percent of services as measured by 2017
Census revenue, and 17 percent of construction.
More than 64,000 price quotations per month are
organized into three sets of PPIs: (1) Final demandIntermediate demand (FD-ID) indexes, (2) commodity
indexes, and (3) indexes for the net output of industries and
their products. The FD-ID structure organizes products by
class of buyer and degree of fabrication as well as by stage of
production. The commodity structure organizes products by
similarity of end use or product type. The entire output of
various industries is sampled to derive price indexes for the
net output of industries and their products.

Final Demand: The final demand portion of the FD-ID
structure measures price change for commodities sold for
personal consumption, capital investment, government, and
export. The system is composed of six main price indexes:
final demand goods; final demand trade services; final demand
transportation and warehousing services; final demand
services less trade, transportation, and warehousing; final
demand construction; and overall final demand.
The final demand goods index measures price change for
both unprocessed and processed goods sold to final demand.
Fresh fruits sold to consumers and computers sold for capital
investment are examples of transactions included in the final
demand goods price index. The final demand trade services
index measures price change for the retailing and wholesaling
of merchandise sold to final demand, generally without
transformation. (Trade indexes measure changes in margins
received by wholesalers and retailers.) The final demand
transportation and warehousing services index tracks price
change for transportation of passengers, as well as,
transportation of cargo sold to final demand, and also includes
prices for warehousing and storage of goods sold to final
demand. The final demand services less trade, transportation,
and warehousing index measures price change for all services
other than trade and transportation sold to final demand.
Publishing, banking, lodging, and health care are examples of
these services. The final demand construction index tracks
price change for new construction, as well as maintenance and
repair construction sold to final demand. Construction of
office buildings is an example of a commodity that would be
included in the final demand construction index. Lastly, the
overall final demand index tracks price change for all types of
commodities sold to final demand by combining the five final
demand component indexes described above.

Final Demand–Intermediate Demand
Indexes
The PPI FD-ID structure measures price change for
goods, services, and construction sold to final demand and to
intermediate demand. The FD-ID system replaced the PPI
stage-of-processing (SOP) system as PPI’s primary
aggregation model with the release of data for January 2014.
The FD-ID model expands coverage beyond that of the SOP
system through the addition of services, construction, exports,
and government purchases.
Compared with finished goods under the SOP system, the
PPI for final demand goods includes nearly a 50 percent
expansion of coverage. This increase can be traced to the
addition of government purchases and exports. For overall
final demand, expansion to include final demand services
represents an even larger increase in coverage. In December
2022, final demand goods were about 30.7 percent of overall
final demand, final demand services were roughly 66.6
percent, and final demand construction was about 2.7 percent
of final demand. Within intermediate demand, coverage of
services for intermediate demand resulted in about a 45
percent increase in coverage of the intermediate demand
portion of the economy.
FD-ID indexes are constructed from commodity-based
producer output price indexes. Commodities are allocated to
aggregate indexes primarily based on the type of buyer. The
main source of data used to determine the type of buyer is the
“Use of commodities by industries, before redefinition,” table

Intermediate Demand: The intermediate demand portion of
the FD-ID system tracks price change for goods, services, and
construction products sold to businesses as inputs to
7

intermediate demand index, for example, tracks price change
for inputs consumed, but not produced, by industries included
in the fourth stage of production. Hence, the index tracks
price change in inputs to industries that primarily produce
final demand commodities (stage 4 producers primarily
produce commodities sold to final demand).
Examples of heavily weighted goods-producing industries
in stage 4 include the manufacture of light trucks and utility
vehicles, automobiles, and pharmaceuticals. Retail trade, food
service and drinking places, and hospitals are examples of
heavily weighted service industries included in stage 4. Stage
4 also includes all new construction industries. Examples of
goods consumed by stage 4 industries include motor vehicle
parts, commercial electric power, plastic construction
products, biological products, and beef and veal. Engineering
services, machinery and equipment wholesaling, long distance
motor carrying, and legal services constitute examples of
services consumed by stage 4 industries.
Examples of highly weighted goods-producing industries
included in stage 3 are motor vehicle parts manufacturing,
animal (except poultry) slaughtering and processing, and
semiconductor manufacturing. Services industries classified
in stage 3 include wholesale trade; insurance carriers;
architecture, engineering, and related services; and hotels and
motels. Examples of goods consumed by stage 3 industries
include slaughter steers and heifers, industrial electric power,
and hot rolled steel bars, plates, and structural shapes.
Services commonly consumed by stage 3 industries include
commissions from sales of property and casualty insurance,
business loans, temporary help services, and administrative
and general management consulting services.
Petroleum refineries; electricity generation, transmission,
and distribution; natural gas distribution; cattle ranching and
farming; and plastic materials and resin manufacturing are
among the goods-based industries assigned to stage 2.
Services industries that are heavily weighted in stage 2 include
management of companies and enterprises; non-depository
credit intermediation; insurance agencies and brokerages; and
services to buildings and dwellings. Goods commonly
purchased by stage 2 industries include crude oil, natural gas,
formula feeds, and primary basic organic chemicals. Services
that are heavily weighted in the intermediate demand stage 2
index are legal services, business loans, and cellular phone and
other wireless telecommunication.
Goods producing industries in stage 1 include oil and gas
extraction, paper mills, and grain farming. Real estate, legal
services, and advertising services are examples of highly
weighted services industries included in stage 1. Examples of
goods consumed by stage 1 industries are commercial and
industrial electric power and gasoline. Services commonly
consumed by stage 1 industries include solid waste collection,
chemicals and allied products wholesaling, and guestroom or
unit rental. It should be noted that all inputs purchased by
stage 1 industries are by definition produced either within
stage 1 or by latter stages of processing, leaving stage 1 less
useful for price transmission analysis. For additional
information
on
industry
stage
assignments,
see
www.bls.gov/ppi/fd-id/ppi-intermediate-demand-byproduction-flow-industry-stage-assignments.htm.

production, excluding capital investment. The system includes
two parallel treatments of intermediate demand. The first
treatment organizes intermediate demand commodities by
type. The second organizes intermediate demand commodities
into production stages, with the explicit goal of developing a
forward-flow model of production and price change.
The intermediate demand by commodity type portion of
the system organizes commodities by similarity of product.
The system is composed of six main price indexes:
unprocessed goods for intermediate demand; processed goods
for intermediate demand; intermediate demand trade services;
intermediate demand transportation and warehousing services;
intermediate demand services less trade, transportation, and
warehousing; and intermediate demand construction.
The unprocessed goods for intermediate demand price
index measures price change for goods sold to businesses as
inputs to production that have undergone no fabrication. Crude
petroleum sold to refineries is an example of an unprocessed
good sold to intermediate demand. The processed goods for
intermediate demand index tracks price change for fabricated
goods sold as business inputs. Examples include car parts sold
to car manufacturers and gasoline sold to trucking companies.
The index for trade services for intermediate demand
measures price change for the services of retailing and
wholesaling goods purchased by businesses as inputs to
production. The intermediate demand transportation and
warehousing services index measures price change for
business travel, as well as, transportation and warehousing of
cargo sold to intermediate demand. The intermediate demand
services less trade, transportation, and warehousing index
measures price change for services other than trade,
transportation, and warehousing sold as inputs to production.
Legal and accounting services purchased by businesses are
examples of intermediate demand services excluding trade,
transportation, and warehousing. Finally, the construction for
intermediate demand index measures price change for
construction purchased by firms as inputs to production. The
index for construction for intermediate demand tracks price
change for maintenance and repair construction purchased by
firms.
The production flow treatment of intermediate demand is
a stage-based system of price indexes. These indexes can be
used to study price transmission across stages of production
and final demand. This system is constructed in a manner that
maximizes forward flow of production between stages, while
minimizing back-flow of production. The production flow
treatment contains four main indexes: intermediate demand
stage 1, intermediate demand stage 2, intermediate demand
stage 3, and intermediate demand stage 4.
Indexes for the four stages were developed by first
assigning each industry in the economy to one of four stages
of production, where industries assigned to the fourth stage
primarily produce output consumed as final demand,
industries in the third stage primarily produce output
consumed by stage 4 industries, industries assigned to the
second stage primarily produce output consumed by stage 3
industries, and industries assigned to the first stage produce
output primarily consumed by stage 2 industries. The four
indexes then track prices for the net inputs consumed by
industries in each of the four stages of production. The stage 4
8

Comparing the PPI with CPI

addition, most industries have secondary product indexes that
show changes in prices received by establishments for
products chiefly made in some other industry. Some industries
have miscellaneous receipts indexes that track price changes
for other sources of revenue received by establishments within
the industry that are not derived from sales of their products;
for example, resales of purchased materials, or revenues from
parking lots owned by a manufacturing plant.

Although some data users utilize the PPI as a potential
indicator of the Consumer Price Index (CPI), there are many
reasons why the PPI and the CPI may diverge. The scope of
the personal consumption portion of the PPI includes all
marketable output sold by domestic producers for households.
The scope of the CPI includes goods and services provided by
business or government, where explicit user charges are paid
by consumers. For example, the most heavily weighted item in
the CPI, owners’ equivalent rent, is excluded from the PPI.
The scope of the CPI includes imports. The PPI excludes
imports. The CPI only includes components of personal
consumption directly paid for by the consumers, while the PPI
includes components of personal consumption that may not be
paid for by consumers. For example, the PPI includes medical
services paid for by third parties. In contrast to CPI, PPI does
not completely cover services. PPIs exclude taxes, since they
do not represent producer revenue. Conversely, sales and other
taxes paid by consumers are part of household expenditure and
are included in the CPI. Additional technical differences
between PPI and CPI also exist. For more information see
“Comparing new final demand producer price indexes with
other Government price indexes,” Monthly Labor Review,
January 2014, at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/.

Data Collection
PPIs are constructed using selling prices reported by
establishments of all sizes, selected by probability sampling,
with the probability of selection proportionate to size.
Individual items and transaction terms also are chosen by
probability proportionate to size. BLS strongly encourages
cooperating companies to supply actual transaction prices at
the time of shipment to minimize the use of list prices. Prices
submitted by survey respondents are effective on the Tuesday
of the week containing the 13th day of the month. The survey
is conducted online via the BLS Internet Data Collection
Facility (IDCF). Data provided by survey respondents are
supplemented with data from other sources for some areas.
Price data are provided by survey respondents on a
voluntary and confidential basis; only sworn BLS employees
are allowed access to individual company price reports. BLS
publishes price indexes, not actual prices. All PPIs are subject
to monthly revisions up to 4 months after original publication
to reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by
respondents.
BLS periodically updates the PPI sample of survey
respondents to better reflect current conditions when the
structure, membership, technology, or product mix of an
industry shifts significantly and to spread reporting burden
among smaller firms. Information on these resampling efforts
are noted in the PPI News Release and PPI Detailed Report in
the months they occur.
As part of an ongoing effort to expand coverage to sectors
of the economy other than mining and manufacturing, an
increasing number of service and construction sector
industries have been introduced into the PPI. The following
list of industries introduced since the mid-1990s includes the
month and year in which an article describing the industry’s
content appeared in the PPI Detailed Report.

Commodity Indexes
The commodity classification of the PPI organizes goods,
services, and construction by similarity of product or end use,
disregarding industry of origin. With the release of data for
July 2009, PPI expanded its commodity structure to include
indexes for services and construction products. Prior to this
date, the PPI commodity structure only included products
from goods producing sectors. Table 9 of the PPI Detailed
Report includes data for commodity indexes, organized in a
hierarchal structure, including major groupings, subgroups,
product classes, sub-product classes, and individual items.

Industry Net-Output Price Indexes
PPIs for the net output of industries and their products are
grouped according to the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS). Prior to the release of
January 2004, industry-based PPIs were published according
to the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system.
Industry price indexes are compatible with other economic
time series organized by industry, such as data on
employment, wages, and productivity. Table 11 of the PPI
Detailed Report includes data for NAICS industries and
industry groups (3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-digit codes), Census product
classes (7- and 8-digit codes), products (9-digit codes), more
detailed sub-products (11-digit codes), and, for some
industries, indexes for other sources of revenue.
Indexes may represent one of three kinds of product
categories. Every industry has primary product indexes that
show changes in prices received by establishments classified
in the industry for products made primarily, but not
necessarily exclusively, by that industry. The industry
classification of an establishment is determined by which
products make up a plurality of its total shipment value. In

Service and construction sector industries introduced into the
Producer Price Index, by SIC or NAICS code at their date of
introduction and the PPI Detailed Report issue that announces
their introduction
PPI Detailed
Title
Code
Report Issue
SIC

9

Wireless telecommunications
………….
Telephone communications, except
radio telephone
………………………….
Television broadcasting ………………..

4812

July 1999

4813

July 1995

Grocery stores …………………………..

4833
5411

July 2002
July 2000

Meat and fish (seafood) markets
……...
Fruit and vegetable markets

5421

July 2000

5431

July 2000

…………...
Candy, nut, and confectionery stores
…
Title

5441

July 2000

Code

PPI Detailed
Report Issue

SIC
Retail bakeries
…………………………..
Miscellaneous food stores ……………..
New car dealers
…………………………
Gasoline service stations ………………

443

January 2004

444

January 2004

451

January 2004

452

January 2004

Miscellaneous store retailers …………..

453

January 2004

5461

July 2000

5499

July 2000

Pipeline transportation of natural gas….

486210

June 2022

5511

July 2000

518111

July 2005

5541

January 2002

5551

January 2002

Internet service providers
……………….
Internet publishing and web search
portals
………………..…………………...
Commercial banking
…………………….
Savings institutions
……………………...
Direct health and medical insurance
carriers ……………………………………

519130

January 2010

522110

January 2005

522120

January 2005

524114

July 2004
PPI Detailed
Report Issue

Boat dealers
……………………………..
Recreational vehicle dealers …………..

5561

January 2002

Miscellaneous retail …………………….

59

January 2001

Security brokers, dealers, and
investment bankers
……………………..
Investment advice ………………………

6211

January 2001

6282

January 2003

Life insurance carriers ………………….

6311

January 1999

Property and casualty insurance
………
Insurance agencies and brokerages
….
Operators and lessors of
nonresidential buildings
………………………………….
Real estate agents and managers
…….
Prepackaged software
………………….
Data processing services
………………
Home health care services …………….

6331

July 1998

6412

January 2003

6512

January 1996

6531

January 1996

7372

January 1998

7374

January 2002

8082

January 1997

8111

January 1997

8711

January 1997

8712

January 1997

9331

July 1998

Legal services
…………………………...
Engineering design, analysis, and
consulting services ……………………..
Architectural design, analysis, and
consulting services
……………………...
Premiums for property and casualty
insurance
………………………………...

Electronics and appliance stores
……...
Building material and garden
equipment and supplies
dealers……………………..
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and
music stores
……………………………...
General merchandise stores …………..

Title

NAICS
Construction, mining, and forestry
machinery and equipment rental and
leasing
…………………………………….
Management consulting services
……...
Security guards and patrol services
…...
Offices of dentists
………………………..
Blood and organ banks …………………

236211
236221

July 2005

New school construction ……………….

236222

July 2006

New office construction
………………...
New health care building
construction...
Concrete contractors, nonresidential
building work …………………………….
Roofing contractors, nonresidential
building work …………………………….
Electrical contractors, nonresidential
building work …………………………….
Plumbing / HVAC contractors,
nonresidential building work
..………….
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods
..
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable
goods
……………………………………..

236223

January 2007

236224

January 2013

23811X

July 2008

23816X

July 2008

23821X

July 2008

23822X

July 2008

423

July 2005

424

July 2005

532412
541610

January 2005
January 2007

561612

July 2005

621210

January 2011

621991

January 2007

Amusement and theme parks ………….

713110

July 2006

Golf courses and country clubs ………..

713910

July 2006

Fitness and recreational sports centers
.
Commercial machinery repair and
maintenance……………………………...

713940

July 2005

811310

July 2007

Weights
Weights for most commodity groupings of the PPI, as
well as, weights for commodity-based aggregate indexes
calculated from commodity groupings, such as FD-ID indexes,
currently reflect 2017 values of shipments as reported in the
Census of Manufactures and other sources. From January
2018 to December 2022, PPI weights were derived from 2012
shipment values. Industry indexes now are calculated under
the 2022 NAICS structure utilizing 2017 value of shipment
weights and 2012 net output ratios. The periodic update of the
value weights used to calculate the PPI is done to more
accurately reflect changes in production and marketing
patterns in the economy.
Net output values of shipments are used as weights for
industry indexes. Net output values refer to the value of
shipments from establishments within the industry to buyers
outside the industry. However, weights for commodity indexes
are based on gross shipment values, including values of
shipments between establishments within the same industry.
As a result, broad commodity grouping indexes, such as the
PPI for All Commodities (which is composed of major
commodity groupings 01 through 15), are affected by the

NAICS
New Industrial building construction
…..
New warehouse building construction ..

Code

January 2008

10

Equals percent change

multiple counting of price change at successive stages of
processing, which can lead to exaggerated or misleading
signals about inflation. The intermediate demand by
commodity type FD-ID indexes partially correct for this
defect, but industry indexes, final demand FD-ID indexes, and
intermediate demand by production flow FD-ID indexes
consistently correct for this at all levels of aggregation.
Therefore, industry and FD-ID indexes are more appropriate
than broad commodity groupings for analysis of general price
trends.

3.4

Seasonally Adjusted and Unadjusted Data
Because price data are used for different purposes by
different groups, BLS publishes seasonally adjusted and
unadjusted changes each month. Seasonally adjusted data are
preferred for analyzing general price trends in the
economy because these data eliminate the effect of changes
that normally occur at about the same time, and in about the
same magnitude, every year—such as price movements
resulting from normal weather patterns, regular production
and marketing cycles, model changeovers, seasonal discounts,
and holidays. For these reasons, seasonally adjusted data
more clearly reveal underlying trends. Unadjusted data are of
primary interest to users who need information that can be
related to actual dollar values of transactions. Individuals
requiring this information include marketing specialists,
purchasing agents, budget and cost analysts, contract
specialists, and commodity traders. It is the unadjusted data
that are generally cited when escalating long-term contracts
such as purchasing agreements or real estate leases. For more
information, see Price Adjustment Guide for Contracting
Parties, on the Web at: www.bls.gov/ppi/publications/priceadjustment-guide-for-contracting-parties.htm.
Seasonal adjustment is accomplished using X-13
ARIMA, a software package published by the U.S. Census
Bureau. Each year, the seasonal status of most commodity
indexes is reevaluated to reflect more recent price behavior.
Industry net output indexes are not seasonally adjusted. For
time series that exhibit seasonal pricing patterns, new seasonal
factors are estimated and applied to the unadjusted data from
the prior 5 years. Updated seasonally adjusted indexes replace
the most recent 5 years of seasonal data.
Seasonal factors may be applied to series using either a
direct or an aggregative method. Generally, commodity
indexes are seasonally adjusted using direct seasonal
adjustment, which produces a more complete elimination of
seasonal movements than does the aggregative method.
However, the direct seasonal adjustment process may not yield
figures that possess additive consistency. Thus, a seasonally
adjusted index for a broad category that is directly adjusted
may not be logically consistent with all seasonally adjusted
indexes for its components. Seasonal movements for FD-ID
indexes are derived indirectly through an aggregative method
that combines movements of a wide variety of subproduct
class (six-digit) series.
Seasonally adjusted indexes can become problematic
when previously stable and predictable price patterns abruptly
change. If the new pattern persists, the seasonal adjustment
method will eventually reflect it; if the pattern keeps shifting,
however, seasonally adjusted data will become chronically
troublesome. This problem occurs relatively infrequently for
farm and food-related products, but has more often affected
manufactured products such as automobiles and steel.
Since January 1988, the PPI has used Intervention
Analysis Seasonal Adjustment methods to enhance the
calculation of seasonal factors. With this technique, outlier
values that may distort the seasonal pattern are removed from
the data prior to applying the standard seasonal factor
estimation procedure. For example, a possible economic

Price Index Reference Base
Effective with publication of January 1988 data, many
important PPI series (including most commodity groups and
individual items) were placed on a new reference base, 1982 =
100. From 1971 through 1987, the standard reference base
for most PPI series was 1967 = 100. Except for rounding
differences, the shift to the new reference base did not alter
any previously published percent changes for affected PPI
series. (See “Calculating Index Changes,” below.) The 1982
reference base is not used for commodity indexes with a base
later than December 1981 or for industry net output indexes
and their products. The FD-ID indexes typically have a
reference base of November 2009 = 100.
For further information on the underlying concepts and
methodology of the Producer Price Index, see chapter 14,
“Producer Prices,” in the BLS Handbook of Methods. This
chapter can be downloaded from the BLS Web site at
www.bls.gov/opub/hom/homch14.htm.

Calculating Index Changes
Each PPI measures price changes from a reference period
that equals 100.0. An increase of 5.5 percent from the
reference period in the Final Demand Goods Price Index, for
example, is shown as 105.5. This change also can be
expressed in dollars, as follows: prices received by domestic
producers of a sample of final demand goods have risen from
$100 in November 2009 to $105.50. Likewise, a current index
of 90.0 would indicate that prices received by producers of
final demand goods are 10 percent lower than they were in
November 2009.
Movements of price indexes from one month to another
are usually expressed as percent changes, rather than as
changes in index points. Index point changes are affected by
the level of the index in relation to its base period, whereas
percent changes are not. The following example shows the
computation of index point and percent changes.
Index point change
Final Demand Goods Price Index 107.5
Less previous index
104.0
Equals index point change
3.5
Index percent change
Index point change
3.5
Divided by the previous index
104.0
Equals
0.034
Result multiplied by 100
0.034 x 100
11

PPI time series identifiers. There are five alphabetic
prefixes used to create unique PPI time series identifiers:
WP, WD, PC, PD, and ND. Each provides the user
access to a different PPI database. Adding either a “u”
(not seasonally adjusted) or an “s” (seasonally adjusted)
to the end of these prefixes further specifies the type of
data needed.

cause for large price movements for petroleum-based products
might have been the COVID-19 pandemic. In this case,
intervention techniques allowed for better estimates of
seasonally adjusted data. On the whole, very few series have
required intervention. Out of over 400 seasonally adjusted
commodity series, 69 were subject to intervention in 2023.
For more information relating to seasonal adjustment
methods, see “PPI and CPI Seasonal Adjustment: an Update”
in the July 2010 Monthly Labor Review, and “PPI and CPI
Seasonal Adjustment During the COVID-19 Pandemic” in the
May 2022 Monthly Labor Review.

EXAMPLES
For commodity and FD-ID indexes, series identifiers
combine a “wpu” prefix (not seasonally adjusted) or a
“wps” prefix (seasonally adjusted) with a commodity
code.

Producer Price Index Data on the Internet
In 1995, the BLS began posting PPI series, news releases,
and technical information to the internet. There were more
than 13 million instances of PPI data being downloaded from
the BLS website during 2022.

Commodity code
wps141101
wpu141101

Retrieving PPI data from the PPI Web site
PPI data can be obtained online (www.bls.gov/ppi). On
this page, under the tab labeled “Featured PPI databases” links
provide the following methods of data retrieval:
•

•

wpufd4

Top Picks is a form-based application for both Industry
Data and Commodity Data that allows the user to quickly
obtain PPI time series data by selecting the high-level
aggregate and other commonly requested time series,
including the All Commodities Index and the FD-ID
indexes (for example, Final Demand). Within each list,
any one—or all—of the time series shown can be
selected. A user can modify the date range and output
options after executing the query, using the reformat
button above the data output table.

wpsid63

One-Screen Data Search and Multi-Screen Data Search
are form-based query applications for both Industry Data
and Commodity Data designed for users unfamiliar with
the PPI coding structure. These applications guide a user
through the PPI classification by listing index titles and
do not require knowledge of commodity or industry
codes. Data retrieved are based on a query formulated by
selecting data characteristics from lists provided. Two
options are available to create customized tables,
depending on a user’s browser capability. The one-screen
option is a JavaScript application that uses a single screen
to guide a user through the available time series data. The
second option is a multiple-screen, non-Java-based
application. Both methods allow a user to browse the PPI
coding structure and select multiple series. Users can
modify the date range and output options after executing
the query using the reformat button above the data output
table.

wdu0635

For discontinued commodity indexes, series identifiers
combine a “wdu” prefix (not seasonally adjusted) or a
“wds” prefix (seasonally adjusted) with a commodity
code.
Commodity code
wds019

wdusi138011

Provides data for:
Other farm products, seasonally
adjusted
Preparations, ethical (prescription),
not seasonally adjusted
Stainless steel mill products, not
seasonally adjusted

Current price indexes grouped by industry according
to NAICS have series identifiers that begin with the
prefix “pcu.” After the prefix, there are 12 digits (the 6digit industry code is listed twice) followed by up to 7
alphanumeric characters identifying product detail.
Dashes are used as placeholders for higher-level industry
group codes.
Industry-product code,
current NAICS series
pcu325---325--pcu336110336110
pcu621111621111411

•

Provides data for:
Passenger cars, seasonally adjusted
Passenger cars, not seasonally
adjusted
Final demand, not seasonally
adjusted
Services for intermediate demand,
seasonally adjusted

Series Report is a form-based application that allows
users to input multiple, formatted PPI time series
identifiers (commodity or industry codes) as inputs in
extracting data according to a specified set of date ranges
and output options. This application provides the most
efficient path for users who are familiar with the format of
12

Provides data for:
Chemical manufacturing
Automobile and light duty
motor vehicle manufacturing
Offices of physicians, one- and
two-physician practices and
single-specialty group
practices, general/family
practice

Discontinued industry-product codes based on SIC
combine a “pdu” prefix and “#” between the fourth and
fifth characters of the product code. Series identifiers for
the discontinued dataset use underscores as placeholders
to complete a reference to an SIC industry group code of
fewer than four digits. (All PPI industry-based indexes
organized by SIC were discontinued with the introduction
of NAICS in 2004.)
Industry-product code,
discontinued SIC series
pdu28_ _#
pdu331_#
pdu3711#111

Directory:
Industry Data
Industry Data - Discontinued
(NAICS basis)
(SIC basis)
Commodity Data (incl. FD-ID)
Commodity Data – Discontinued
Special requests

•

/pub/time.series/nd
/pub/time.series/pd
/pub/time.series/wp
/pub/time.series/wd
/pub/special.requests/ppi

Additional information
Provides data for:
Chemicals and allied products
Blast furnaces, steel works,
and rolling and finishing mills
Passenger cars

The PPI homepage (www.bls.gov/ppi) contains
additional information regarding PPI data and methodology.
The “PPI Publications” section of the homepage provides PPI
news releases, both current and archived, as well as general
PPI information. The “PPI Tables” section provides relative
importance and seasonal factor tables. The remaining sections
offer special notices and publications pertaining to PPI
methodology and applications.
For questions or comments regarding PPI data
classification, methodology, or data availability on the
Internet, call or e-mail the Section of Index Analysis and
Public Information at (202) 691-7705 or ppi-info@bls.gov. If
you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability,
please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services.

Price indexes for discontinued series grouped by
industry according to NAICS have identifiers that begin
with the prefix “ndu”. After the prefix, there are 12
numeric digits (the 6-digit industry code is listed twice),
and up to 7 additional alphanumeric characters that
identify product detail. Dashes are used as placeholders
for higher-level group codes.
Industry-product code,
discontinued NAICS series
ndu212231212231
ndu2122312122312
ndu212231212231214

/pub/time.series/pc

Provides data for
Lead and zinc ore mining
Lead, zinc concentrates
Lead concentrates

Text Files are best suited for users requiring access
to either a large volume of time series data or other
PPI-related documentation, such as seasonal factor
tables and relative importance tables. The text files
can be accessed at download.bls.gov/ or directly
from links on the “PPI Databases” page or the PPI
homepage. Data and documentation available for
download include the following:

13

Table 1. Producer price index percentage changes and weights for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand
groupings, seasonally adjusted
[December 2023]
Commodity
code
Grouping
Group
code

Item
code

Relative
Importance
Dec.
20221

Unadjusted
12-month
percent
change2

Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change2

Dec. 2022
to
Dec. 2023p

July to
Aug.

Aug. to
Sept.p

Sept. to
Oct.p

Oct. to
Nov.p

Nov. to
Dec.p

Final Demand
Final demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished consumer foods3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished consumer foods, crude. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished consumer foods, processed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government purchased foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foods for export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished consumer energy goods3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government purchased energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy for export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand goods less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished goods less foods and energy3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished consumer goods less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable consumer goods less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable consumer goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private capital equipment for manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private capital equipment for nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . .
Government purchased goods, excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government purchased goods excluding foods, energy, and capital
equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government purchased capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods for export, excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand trade services4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade of finished goods3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade of personal consumption goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade of private capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade of government purchased goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade of government purchased goods, excluding capital equipment. . .
Trade of government purchased capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade of exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers for final demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of private passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of government passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers for export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods for final demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of finished goods3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of personal consumption goods. . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of private capital equipment. . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of government purchased goods. . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . .
Finished services less trade, transportation, and warehousing3. . . . . . . . . . .
Finished consumer services less trade, transportation, and
warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private capital investment services less trade, transportation, and
warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government purchased services less trade, transportation, and
warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gov. purchased services less trade, transportation, and warehousing,
excl. capital investment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government purchased capital investment services less trade,
transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services for export less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction for private capital investment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction for government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD

4
41
411
4111
41113
41112
4112
4113
412
4121
4122
4123
413
4131
41311
413111
413112
41312
413121
413122
4132

100.000
30.653
5.940
4.511
0.606
3.905
0.406
1.023
5.853
4.451
0.942
0.460
18.859
10.768
5.731
3.441
2.290
5.037
1.222
3.815
1.967

1.0
-0.8
-5.0
-4.3
-41.4
1.5
0.7
-10.1
-4.8
-2.7
-10.2
-14.1
1.8
2.6
2.4
3.3
1.1
2.7
3.7
2.5
0.6

0.7
1.9
-0.4
-0.2
-5.6
0.3
0.2
-1.5
10.2
8.7
15.7
15.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1

0.4
0.8
0.6
0.6
-3.6
0.9
1.3
0.6
3.1
3.0
3.2
4.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2

-0.4
-1.4
-0.1
0.1
-3.1
0.3
1.0
-1.7
-6.7
-7.5
-4.7
-1.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
-0.3
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1

-0.1
-0.3
0.7
0.6
19.3
-0.9
-0.1
1.2
-2.4
-2.2
-2.3
-4.3
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.0

-0.1
-0.4
-0.9
-0.8
-6.4
-0.3
-0.7
-1.6
-1.2
0.4
-6.0
-7.7
0.0
0.0
-0.1
0.0
-0.2
0.0
0.1
-0.1
0.0

FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD

41321
41322
4133
42
423
4231
42311
42312
4232
42321
42322
4233
422
4221
42211
42212
42213
4222
42221
422211
422212
42222
42223
421
4211

1.160
0.807
6.124
66.677
19.700
17.049
13.855
3.194
0.750
0.457
0.293
1.901
5.213
1.275
0.860
0.103
0.312
3.938
2.567
2.063
0.504
0.233
1.138
41.763
36.505

-0.1
1.8
0.7
1.8
-0.8
-1.3
-0.7
-3.9
2.1
5.6
-3.2
2.4
-4.5
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-6.0
-6.7
-6.4
-7.7
-4.7
-4.7
3.8
3.7

0.1
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
-0.3
-0.7
0.3
-0.3
-0.1
-2.1
-2.1
-2.1
-2.2
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.8
0.3
0.3

0.3
0.1
0.1
0.2
-0.1
-0.1
-0.3
0.5
0.0
-0.4
0.6
-0.2
0.1
-3.2
-3.2
-3.2
-3.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.2
0.4
0.4

0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
-0.3
-0.4
-0.3
-1.2
0.4
1.3
-1.0
0.9
0.7
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.0
0.1

-0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
-0.3
-0.4
0.2
0.7
0.5
1.0
0.9
-0.2
-0.6
-0.6
-0.6
-0.6
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1

0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
-0.8
-0.7
-0.2
-3.1
-1.4
0.4
-4.2
-1.3
-0.4
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
-1.2
-1.3
-1.3
-1.4
-1.0
-1.0
0.4
0.3

FD

42111

32.158

3.6

0.2

0.4

0.1

0.1

0.3

FD

42112

4.347

4.1

0.7

0.2

0.3

-0.1

0.7

FD

4212

2.674

3.8

0.4

0.3

-0.4

0.1

0.6

FD

42121

2.515

3.8

0.4

0.3

-0.4

0.1

0.6

FD
FD
FD
FD
FD

42122
4213
43
431
432

0.159
2.584
2.670
1.856
0.814

3.7
6.2
0.5
0.5
0.6

0.6
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0

-0.2
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.0

0.5
-0.5
-0.3
-0.4
-0.2

-1.0
-0.3
-0.1
-0.2
-0.1

1.2
1.1
0.1
0.1
0.0

Final demand less exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FD
Final demand less government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FD

49101
49102

86.458
92.111

1.1
1.0

0.8
0.6

0.4
0.4

-0.5
-0.4

-0.1
-0.1

-0.1
-0.1

Special Groupings of Final Demand

See footnotes at end of table.

14

Table 1. Producer price index percentage changes and weights for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand
groupings, seasonally adjusted — Continued
[December 2023]
Commodity
code
Grouping
Group
code
Final demand less foods, food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate
consumption, and energy5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand less foods and energy5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand less foods and food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate
consumption5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand less foods5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand less trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand less distributive services6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand goods less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand goods less foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand services less trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand distributive services6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand goods plus final demand distributive services6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand less foods, energy, and trade services5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private and government purchased capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private and government purchased capital investment services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private and government purchased capital investment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total finished3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total finished less foods, food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate
consumption, and energy3, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total finished less foods and energy3, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total finished less foods and food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate
consumption3, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total finished less foods3, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total finished less energy3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished goods3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished goods less energy3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished goods, excluding foods3, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished services3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private capital investment services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished distributive services3, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished services less trade services3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished services less distributive services3, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private capital investment (goods, services, and construction). . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished goods plus finished distributive services3, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods for export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services for export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total government purchases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government purchased goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government purchased services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total government purchased capital investment (goods, services, construction).. .
Government purchases, defense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government purchases, non-defense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption goods (finished consumer goods). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption goods less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption goods less foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption nondurable goods less foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption less trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption less distributive services6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption less foods, energy, and trade services4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption less foods, energy, and distributive services6. . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption goods plus personal consumption distributive services6. . .

Item
code

Relative
Importance
Dec.
20221

Unadjusted
12-month
percent
change2

Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change2

Dec. 2022
to
Dec. 2023p

July to
Aug.

Aug. to
Sept.p

Sept. to
Oct.p

Oct. to
Nov.p

Nov. to
Dec.p

FD
FD

49103
49104

87.791
88.207

1.6
1.8

0.2
0.2

0.2
0.2

0.0
0.0

0.0
0.0

-0.1
0.0

FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD

49105
49106
49107
49108
49109
49111
49112
49113
49114
49115
49116
49117
49118
49119
49201

93.644
94.060
94.147
80.300
76.362
24.799
24.712
46.976
23.638
54.290
68.507
5.844
8.497
14.341
78.567

1.2
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.8
0.2
0.2
2.9
-1.7
-1.2
2.5
2.6
0.1
1.0
1.2

0.8
0.8
0.1
0.9
0.9
0.0
2.4
0.3
0.2
1.2
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.7

0.4
0.4
0.2
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.9
0.4
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.4

-0.5
-0.5
0.0
-0.5
-0.5
0.0
-1.7
0.1
-0.2
-0.9
0.1
0.0
-0.3
-0.2
-0.5

-0.1
-0.1
0.1
-0.1
-0.1
0.3
-0.5
0.0
-0.1
-0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
-0.1

-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.1
-0.2
-0.3
0.3
-0.9
-0.6
0.2
0.0
-1.0
-0.5
-0.1

FD
FD

49202
49203

69.193
69.605

1.8
1.8

0.2
0.2

0.2
0.2

0.0
0.0

0.0
0.0

0.0
0.0

FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD

49204
49205
49206
49207
49208
49209
49210
49211
49212
49213
49214
49215
49216
49301
49302
49303
49401
49402
49403
49404
49405
49406
49501
49502
49503
49504
49508
49505
49506
49507
49510
49511
49512
49509

73.644
74.056
74.116
19.730
15.279
15.219
56.981
8.045
19.616
39.932
37.365
14.938
39.346
13.542
7.607
5.935
7.889
3.315
3.760
2.073
2.344
5.545
63.629
14.693
10.242
10.182
7.892
48.936
49.774
47.711
54.667
40.812
38.749
30.611

1.5
1.5
1.4
-0.2
0.5
1.0
1.7
0.2
-2.0
2.9
3.6
1.1
-1.1
0.2
-1.6
2.6
0.4
-2.4
2.8
0.8
0.0
0.6
1.2
-1.2
-0.5
0.2
-0.1
1.9
1.7
2.1
2.0
2.9
3.4
-1.3

0.7
0.7
0.2
2.1
0.1
2.7
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.4
1.1
0.3
0.6
0.0
1.8
4.2
0.2
0.2
2.1
1.7
0.8
2.7
0.0
3.9
5.0
0.2
0.9
0.9
0.2
0.2
0.2
1.4

0.4
0.4
0.2
0.9
0.3
1.0
0.2
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.6
1.2
0.2
0.1
0.9
0.5
0.4
1.2
0.3
1.5
1.8
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.5

-0.5
-0.5
0.0
-1.8
0.0
-2.4
0.0
-0.3
-0.4
0.2
0.2
-0.2
-1.1
-0.1
-0.3
0.2
-0.6
-1.2
-0.1
-0.2
-0.5
-0.6
-0.6
-2.5
0.1
-3.5
-4.4
0.0
-0.6
-0.7
0.0
0.1
0.1
-1.3

-0.1
-0.1
0.0
-0.3
0.3
-0.5
0.0
0.0
-0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
-0.2
-0.7
0.2
0.1
-0.4
-0.1
-0.1
-0.4
0.4
-0.9
-1.2
0.0
-0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
-0.4

0.0
0.0
-0.1
-0.1
-0.3
0.1
0.0
-0.9
-0.8
0.3
0.4
-0.5
-0.5
-0.3
-0.5
0.0
-0.6
-1.7
0.2
-0.5
-1.4
-0.3
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
-0.3

ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6

1
11
111
1111
1112
1113
112

100.000
42.908
26.996
4.432
12.302
10.262
15.912

-2.7
-2.3
-4.7
-5.1
-7.1
-1.6
1.9

2.1
-0.2
-0.3
0.9
-0.2
-1.0
0.0

0.6
0.1
0.1
0.9
0.8
-1.1
0.1

-1.0
-0.2
-0.3
0.2
0.5
-1.5
0.1

-0.4
-0.4
-0.7
-0.7
-0.8
-0.5
0.1

-0.6
0.2
0.2
-0.5
-0.5
1.3
0.3

Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type
Processed goods
Processed goods for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials and components for manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials for manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials for food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials for nondurable manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials for durable manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Components for manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

15

Table 1. Producer price index percentage changes and weights for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand
groupings, seasonally adjusted — Continued
[December 2023]
Commodity
code
Grouping
Group
code
Components for nondurable manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Components for durable manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials and components for construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials for construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Components for construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed fuels and lubricants for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed fuels and lubricants to manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed fuels and lubricants to nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Containers for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supplies for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supplies to manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries, feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries, other than feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item
code

Relative
Importance
Dec.
20221

Unadjusted
12-month
percent
change2

Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change2

Dec. 2022
to
Dec. 2023p

July to
Aug.

Aug. to
Sept.p

Sept. to
Oct.p

Oct. to
Nov.p

Nov. to
Dec.p

ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6

1121
1122
12
121
122
13
131
132
14
15
151
152
1521
1522

0.793
15.119
10.348
4.574
5.774
19.830
5.016
14.814
3.107
23.807
3.173
20.634
2.363
18.271

-1.5
2.0
1.4
0.9
1.7
-7.9
-7.1
-8.1
-3.1
-0.9
-0.9
-0.9
-9.7
0.2

-0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
11.8
6.9
13.5
-0.5
0.0
-0.2
0.1
0.6
0.0

-0.4
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.2
2.4
1.6
2.6
-0.4
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.2

0.0
0.1
0.0
-0.4
0.3
-4.5
-0.2
-5.9
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
-0.1
-1.7
0.1

0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.3
-1.2
0.0
-1.5
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2

0.4
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.5
-3.8
-2.7
-4.1
0.3
-0.1
0.1
-0.1
-1.7
0.0

ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6

2
21
22
221
2211

100.000
36.058
63.942
45.514
43.610

-19.0
-16.5
-20.5
-7.0
-7.7

2.3
0.1
3.6
4.3
4.4

3.3
2.3
3.9
5.2
5.4

-2.0
-3.1
-1.3
-1.9
-2.0

-2.4
-1.0
-3.3
-5.0
-5.3

-4.4
-2.5
-5.5
-6.9
-7.3

ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6

2212
222
2221
2222

1.904
18.428
0.982
17.446

8.4
-51.9
-19.3
-53.7

1.2
0.5
1.3
0.4

0.4
-2.9
-3.3
-2.8

0.3
1.6
2.5
1.5

0.5
6.2
0.0
6.9

0.6
1.4
1.2
1.4

ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6

3
33
331
332
32
321
3211
3212
322
3221

100.000
18.127
8.929
9.198
14.516
1.069
0.127
0.942
13.447
2.941

3.4
4.6
4.8
4.3
-0.8
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.8
-3.9

-0.1
-0.5
-0.8
-0.3
-0.6
-2.1
-2.2
-2.1
-0.5
0.6

0.2
-0.5
-0.9
-0.2
0.6
-3.2
-3.2
-3.2
0.9
0.9

0.0
1.8
1.9
1.6
0.6
2.1
2.1
2.1
0.5
0.3

0.3
0.6
0.9
0.3
-0.2
-0.6
-0.6
-0.6
-0.1
0.1

0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
-0.1
-0.8

Unprocessed goods
Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed nonfood materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel to manufacturing industries. . .
Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel to nonmanufacturing
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed fuel to manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed fuel to nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services
Services for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services for intermediate demand4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services for manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services for nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers for manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers for nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods for manufacturing industries. . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods for nonmanufacturing
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for intermediate
demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for manufacturing
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for nonmanufacturing
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ID6

3222

10.506

0.0

-0.8

0.9

0.5

-0.2

0.1

ID6

31

67.357

4.0

0.1

0.3

-0.5

0.3

0.5

ID6

311

2.068

4.1

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.0

0.5

ID6

312

65.288

4.0

0.1

0.3

-0.6

0.4

0.5

100.000

3.3

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

9111
9112
9113
9118
9115
9116
9117
9211
9212
9213
9216

90.968
9.032
19.830
80.170
71.138
31.574
–
58.389
43.623
56.377
20.319

-2.5
-5.3
-7.9
-1.4
-0.9
2.3
-1.2
-19.7
-28.7
-11.6
-3.0

2.3
0.7
11.8
-0.1
-0.2
-0.5
1.3
4.1
6.0
0.1
0.1

0.6
0.7
2.4
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.4
4.7
6.8
1.2
-0.7

-1.1
-0.3
-4.5
-0.1
-0.1
1.2
-0.4
-1.2
-2.1
-1.9
0.0

-0.4
-0.6
-1.2
-0.3
-0.2
0.3
-0.2
-3.4
-5.8
-0.3
0.9

-0.6
-0.7
-3.8
0.1
0.2
0.2
-0.4
-5.9
-9.1
-1.4
0.2

4
41
411

100.000
30.237
22.423

2.1
0.1
-1.5

0.5
-0.1
-0.1

0.2
-0.2
-0.1

-0.3
0.1
-0.3

0.1
0.1
-0.1

0.2
0.1
0.0

Construction
Construction for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID6

4

Special Groupings of Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type
Processed materials less foods and feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed foods and feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed energy goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed materials less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed materials less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Intermediate distributive services7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed goods plus intermediate distributive services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed materials less agricultural products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed energy materials8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed materials less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed nonfood materials less energy9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6

Intermediate Demand by Production Flow
Stage 4 Intermediate Demand
Stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID5
Inputs to stage 4 goods producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID5
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID5

See footnotes at end of table.

16

Table 1. Producer price index percentage changes and weights for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand
groupings, seasonally adjusted — Continued
[December 2023]
Commodity
code
Grouping
Group
code

Item
code

Relative
Importance
Dec.
20221

Unadjusted
12-month
percent
change2

Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change2

Dec. 2022
to
Dec. 2023p

July to
Aug.

Aug. to
Sept.p

Sept. to
Oct.p

Oct. to
Nov.p

Nov. to
Dec.p

Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs to stage 4 services producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs to stage 4 construction producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5

4111
4112
4113
412
4123
4122
41221
41222
4121
42
421
4211
4212
4213
422
4223
4222
42221
42222
4221
423
43
431
4312
4313
432
4323
4322
43221
43222
4321

3.300
0.220
18.903
7.814
5.817
0.515
0.077
0.438
1.482
54.970
13.984
2.360
4.133
7.491
40.934
4.078
3.742
0.490
3.252
33.114
0.052
14.792
10.801
0.855
9.946
3.991
1.692
0.725
0.015
0.710
1.574

-9.0
-21.1
0.1
4.8
5.6
-2.5
-0.1
-2.9
4.2
3.3
0.1
-3.1
0.3
1.0
4.4
3.9
1.6
-0.1
1.8
4.8
3.3
1.4
1.2
-9.0
2.1
1.8
4.2
-6.9
-0.1
-7.1
3.1

0.6
4.8
-0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
-2.2
0.5
-0.1
0.7
1.2
0.5
4.0
-0.1
0.5
-0.4
-0.7
-2.1
-0.5
0.7
0.0
1.2
1.7
18.7
0.3
-0.1
-0.3
0.5
-2.2
0.5
-0.1

-0.8
4.6
-0.1
-0.3
-0.7
0.3
-3.3
1.0
0.7
0.4
0.6
1.3
1.0
0.1
0.3
-0.6
0.5
-3.2
1.1
0.4
0.0
0.7
0.7
4.5
0.4
0.4
0.2
1.3
-3.2
1.4
0.3

-1.6
4.0
-0.1
1.2
1.4
1.0
2.1
0.8
0.2
-0.5
-0.5
-0.1
-1.8
0.0
-0.5
1.4
0.5
2.1
0.3
-0.9
0.1
-0.5
-1.1
-11.5
0.0
1.1
2.0
0.4
2.1
0.4
0.6

0.5
-7.2
-0.1
0.8
1.0
0.1
-0.6
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.2
-1.3
1.2
0.1
0.3
0.7
-0.3
-0.6
-0.2
0.3
0.0
-0.2
-0.3
-4.8
0.1
0.0
0.0
-0.1
-0.6
-0.1
0.0

-0.5
-5.6
0.2
0.2
0.1
-0.2
2.1
-0.6
0.4
0.3
-0.3
-0.9
-0.7
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.3
2.1
0.0
0.6
0.1
0.3
0.3
-1.5
0.5
0.2
0.8
-1.2
2.1
-1.3
0.1

Stage 3 Intermediate Demand
Stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs to stage 3 goods producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs to stage 3 services producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs to stage 3 construction producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5

3
31
311
3111
3112
3113
312
3123
3122
31221
31222
3121
32
321
3211
3212
3213
322
3223
3222
32221
32222
3221
323
33
331
3313
332
3323
3322
33222
3321

100.000
45.352
35.807
11.906
1.292
22.609
9.545
5.175
3.002
0.144
2.858
1.368
53.518
10.628
0.090
6.619
3.919
42.317
2.614
10.018
0.021
9.997
29.685
0.573
1.131
0.566
0.566
0.565
0.521
0.015
0.015
0.029

-2.4
-5.9
-7.7
-16.5
-12.0
-2.8
0.8
3.4
-5.5
-0.1
-5.8
4.5
0.4
-8.6
-3.7
-13.4
-0.5
2.6
5.4
1.3
0.0
1.3
2.9
3.3
1.3
-1.5
-1.5
4.2
4.3
0.7
0.7
4.0

1.1
0.3
0.6
2.2
8.4
-0.6
-0.5
-1.2
0.5
-2.2
0.6
0.3
1.8
13.2
1.1
22.6
0.1
-0.7
-0.6
-1.2
0.1
-1.2
-0.5
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
1.1
1.2
0.8
0.8
-0.2

0.6
0.6
0.9
2.6
3.8
-0.1
-0.3
-1.0
0.9
-3.2
1.1
0.2
0.6
2.4
-0.5
3.8
0.2
0.2
-0.2
0.7
-0.2
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.2
0.2
1.5
1.6
0.5
0.5
0.0

-0.6
-0.6
-1.2
-2.9
1.0
-0.6
1.6
2.5
0.4
2.1
0.3
0.5
-0.7
-4.3
0.0
-6.7
0.0
0.2
1.3
0.7
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.1
0.0
-0.8
-0.8
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.4

-0.3
-0.7
-1.0
-2.5
-3.2
-0.2
0.4
0.8
0.0
-0.6
0.0
0.0
-0.1
-2.0
0.6
-3.1
-0.1
0.4
0.3
-0.2
0.0
-0.2
0.6
0.0
-0.1
0.0
0.0
-0.2
-0.2
0.3
0.3
-0.2

-0.4
-0.2
-0.3
-1.4
-4.7
0.4
0.0
0.5
-0.9
2.1
-1.1
0.2
-0.6
-5.1
-0.9
-8.3
-0.1
0.5
0.7
0.4
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.1
-0.1
0.5

Stage 2 Intermediate Demand

See footnotes at end of table.

17

Table 1. Producer price index percentage changes and weights for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand
groupings, seasonally adjusted — Continued
[December 2023]
Commodity
code
Grouping
Group
code

Item
code

Relative
Importance
Dec.
20221

Unadjusted
12-month
percent
change2

Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change2

Dec. 2022
to
Dec. 2023p

July to
Aug.

Aug. to
Sept.p

Sept. to
Oct.p

Oct. to
Nov.p

Nov. to
Dec.p

Stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs to stage 2 goods producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs to stage 2 services producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5

2
21
211
2111
2112
2113
212
2123
2122
21221
21222
2121
213
22
221
2211
2212
2213
222
2223
2222
22221
22222
2221
223

100.000
54.274
40.812
4.355
21.042
15.415
13.197
5.150
4.488
0.168
4.320
3.559
0.265
45.725
5.072
0.055
0.357
4.660
39.767
2.238
2.862
0.390
2.472
34.667
0.886

-5.5
-12.0
-17.0
-11.6
-28.2
-3.2
3.0
3.2
1.4
-0.1
1.4
4.6
3.3
2.3
-1.6
-13.5
-14.5
-0.5
2.7
0.7
-7.0
-0.1
-8.0
3.7
3.3

0.7
1.5
2.5
-1.4
6.1
-0.2
-0.9
-2.0
0.1
-2.1
0.2
-0.4
0.0
-0.3
0.8
-1.8
15.6
-0.1
-0.4
1.3
-4.6
-2.1
-5.1
-0.2
0.0

1.1
2.4
3.5
1.6
6.9
0.2
-0.5
-1.2
0.0
-3.1
0.1
-0.2
0.0
-0.2
0.3
0.1
2.2
0.2
-0.3
-1.1
0.5
-3.2
1.1
-0.3
0.0

-0.3
-0.8
-1.4
-2.7
-2.5
0.2
0.8
1.6
0.3
2.0
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.3
-0.3
-0.7
-7.7
0.3
0.3
5.2
1.2
2.1
1.0
0.0
0.1

-1.0
-1.9
-2.7
1.4
-5.8
-0.3
0.4
0.7
0.1
-0.6
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
-0.3
1.6
-1.5
-0.2
0.1
-1.0
-0.3
-0.6
-0.2
0.2
0.0

-1.6
-3.3
-4.6
-2.8
-8.8
-0.4
0.1
0.0
0.2
2.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.3
-1.0
-4.3
0.0
0.2
1.4
1.1
2.1
1.0
0.1
0.1

Stage 1 Intermediate Demand
Stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs to stage 1 goods producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs to stage 1 services producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs to stage 1 construction producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5

1
11
111
1111
1112
1113
112
1123
1122
11221
11222
1121
113
12
121
1211
1212
1213
122
1223
1222
12221
12222
1221
123
13
131
1312
1313
132
1323
1322
13222
1321

100.000
33.533
24.780
3.351
3.963
17.466
8.752
5.298
0.599
0.103
0.496
2.855
0.001
53.646
16.434
0.115
5.528
10.791
37.209
3.617
4.373
1.342
3.031
29.219
0.003
12.821
9.208
0.934
8.274
3.613
2.667
0.854
0.854
0.092

-0.2
-3.6
-6.1
-17.8
-13.2
-2.2
3.3
3.7
0.5
-0.1
0.6
3.1
3.3
1.9
-2.3
-44.1
-9.0
1.6
3.7
5.7
0.7
-0.1
1.1
3.9
3.3
0.4
-0.2
-19.4
2.0
1.8
5.1
-8.5
-8.5
3.5

1.4
0.4
1.0
-0.3
6.8
0.0
-0.9
-1.5
0.7
-2.2
1.3
-0.2
0.0
1.8
4.8
0.4
15.4
0.1
0.6
-0.1
-0.3
-2.2
0.5
0.8
0.0
2.2
2.7
30.2
0.4
0.9
1.1
0.6
0.6
-0.5

0.3
-0.2
-0.1
-2.7
2.1
-0.1
-0.6
-1.1
-0.5
-3.3
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.5
0.8
-0.9
2.1
0.2
0.4
-0.3
-0.4
-3.3
0.8
0.6
0.0
0.8
0.6
2.7
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.5
1.5
1.1

-0.4
0.4
-0.2
-1.6
-0.4
0.2
1.7
3.2
-0.1
2.1
-0.6
-0.4
0.1
-0.9
-1.7
-2.7
-5.3
0.2
-0.5
1.5
0.9
2.1
0.3
-0.9
0.1
-0.3
-0.7
-7.9
0.1
0.7
0.9
0.1
0.1
-0.2

-0.1
-0.5
-0.9
-0.9
-2.0
-0.6
0.6
0.7
0.1
-0.6
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.2
-0.3
0.6
-0.9
0.0
0.4
0.5
-0.3
-0.6
-0.2
0.5
0.0
-0.1
-0.1
-2.9
0.2
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
0.4

-0.2
-0.2
-0.5
-1.2
-4.2
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.2
2.1
-0.2
0.4
0.1
-0.2
-1.6
0.1
-5.0
0.1
0.4
0.7
0.4
2.1
-0.3
0.3
0.1
-0.5
-0.6
-10.5
0.4
-0.2
0.2
-1.5
-1.5
0.6

ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5

9411
9412
9413
9414

47.208
52.739
0.052
5.660

-0.4
4.3
3.3
-6.5

0.7
0.4
0.0
0.6

0.3
0.2
0.0
0.1

-0.5
-0.1
0.1
-0.9

-0.1
0.3
0.0
-0.3

0.0
0.4
0.1
-0.7

Special Groupings of Intermediate Demand by Production Flow
Total
Total
Total
Total

goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
services inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
construction inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
foods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

18

Table 1. Producer price index percentage changes and weights for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand
groupings, seasonally adjusted — Continued
[December 2023]
Commodity
code
Grouping
Group
code
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total

energy goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . .
goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
services inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
construction inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
foods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
energy goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . .
goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
services inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
construction inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
foods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
energy goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . .
goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
services inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
construction inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
foods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
energy goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . .

ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5

Item
code
9415
9416
9311
9312
9313
9314
9315
9316
9211
9212
9213
9214
9215
9216
9111
9112
9117
9114
9115
9116

1

Relative
Importance
Dec.
20221
5.208
36.340
47.001
52.427
0.573
11.996
7.911
27.094
45.884
52.964
1.151
4.410
21.399
20.075
50.422
49.574
0.004
3.466
10.425
36.531

Unadjusted
12-month
percent
change2

Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change2

Dec. 2022
to
Dec. 2023p

July to
Aug.

Aug. to
Sept.p

Sept. to
Oct.p

Oct. to
Nov.p

Nov. to
Dec.p

-2.1
0.8
-7.8
2.3
3.3
-16.4
-13.2
-2.4
-15.3
2.8
3.3
-11.6
-28.0
-2.5
-3.7
3.5
3.3
-18.7
-11.5
-0.1

6.5
-0.1
3.3
-0.6
0.0
2.2
20.2
-0.5
2.3
-0.5
0.0
-1.4
6.2
-0.2
2.6
0.3
0.0
-0.2
13.3
0.1

1.8
0.1
1.2
0.1
0.0
2.6
3.8
-0.1
3.1
-0.4
0.0
1.5
6.8
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.0
-2.7
2.1
0.1

-3.4
-0.1
-2.0
0.5
0.1
-2.8
-5.5
-0.5
-1.3
0.5
0.1
-2.7
-2.6
0.2
-0.8
0.0
0.1
-1.7
-3.8
0.2

-0.2
0.0
-1.2
0.4
0.0
-2.5
-3.1
-0.1
-2.4
0.2
0.0
1.4
-5.7
-0.3
-0.5
0.4
0.0
-0.9
-1.5
-0.2

-1.0
0.2
-1.4
0.4
0.1
-1.4
-7.7
0.4
-4.1
0.2
0.1
-2.8
-8.7
-0.3
-0.9
0.4
0.1
-1.2
-5.2
0.3

Comprehensive relative importance figures are initially computed after the publication of December indexes and are recalculated after final December indexes are available. Individual
items and subtotals may not add exactly to totals because of rounding differences.
All indexes are subject to revision for 4 months after their originally scheduled publication to incorporate late reports and corrections by survey respondents. In addition, seasonally
adjusted indexes are subject to change for up to 5 years due to the recalculation of seasonal factors published each January.
3
PPI defines Total finished as including only the personal consumption and private capital investment portions of final demand.
4
Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.
5
The PPI definition of foods does not include food and beverages for immediate consumption. PPI defines food and beverages for immediate consumption as the service of preparing
meals, snacks, and beverages to customer order for immediate on-premises and off-premises consumption.
6
Distributive services include transportation, warehousing, and trade of goods.
7
Includes intermediate trade, transportation, and warehousing services.
8
Includes crude petroleum.
9
Excludes crude petroleum.
p Preliminary
″-″ Data not available.
2

19

Table 2. Producer price index percentage changes for selected commodity groupings by Final DemandIntermediate Demand category, seasonally adjusted
[December 2023]
Commodity
code
Grouping
Group
code

Item
code

Unadjusted
12-month
percent
change1

Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change1

Dec. 2022
to
Dec. 2023p

July to
Aug.

Aug. to
Sept.p

Sept. to
Oct.p

Oct. to
Nov.p

Nov. to
Dec.p

1.0
-0.8
-5.0
1.3
-51.2
-29.6
-61.5
-12.4
3.5
-3.9
0.1
20.4
-6.7
-3.8
-40.4
-4.3
-7.0
9.9
1.8
3.9
6.0
-10.2
2.8
-4.8
-15.5
4.8
-9.9
-5.3
-22.7
-18.7
1.8
1.4
5.9
-2.2
1.5
-0.1
1.3
-9.0
2.8
1.4
1.9
4.8
2.0
0.4
-2.8
19.4
1.2
7.6
2.5
10.5
5.5
6.0
3.4
-0.8
0.0
3.3
3.8
3.7
1.8
-1.1
2.4
1.9
9.4
6.3

0.7
1.9
-0.4
4.7
-11.5
-2.7
9.8
-4.3
0.1
-0.9
0.0
-4.5
-0.8
2.2
-3.2
-0.7
1.9
0.3
-0.5
0.9
5.8
-0.1
0.1
10.2
4.7
-0.1
-0.9
18.7
20.8
39.2
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
-0.4
-0.1
-0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
-0.6
2.9
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.0
1.4
0.0
-0.3
0.5
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0

0.4
0.8
0.6
0.2
-13.9
-6.3
8.1
4.3
1.0
-2.7
0.0
2.9
0.9
7.2
-2.5
-1.7
1.4
2.0
-0.4
-0.8
0.3
-3.9
-0.2
3.1
9.7
0.9
-0.1
5.1
9.0
2.6
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.3
1.4
0.2
-0.1
0.0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
0.1
0.8
0.3
0.2
0.0
7.9
0.1
-0.3
-0.1
-0.1
0.0
-0.1
-0.4
0.0
0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.7
0.3
0.1

-0.4
-1.4
-0.1
-6.2
-1.7
-3.0
-12.9
-4.7
0.0
-1.6
1.2
1.8
0.8
1.3
-1.4
-0.9
1.3
0.7
0.0
0.3
-0.2
-2.9
0.0
-6.7
-7.0
0.3
-1.3
-15.6
-11.3
-11.7
0.0
0.3
0.0
-1.0
-0.4
0.0
0.1
2.0
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.3
-0.1
0.2
-0.8
1.6
-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.3
-0.7
0.0
0.0
2.4
0.2
0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
-0.1

-0.1
-0.3
0.7
18.3
11.2
-2.8
71.2
5.0
0.1
-1.4
0.0
1.8
-0.7
-7.8
-1.6
0.5
-0.4
0.0
0.4
-0.6
0.0
1.4
0.2
-2.4
-6.1
0.6
3.6
-6.5
-8.6
-1.8
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.1
-2.3
0.1
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
-0.1
0.0
-1.9
5.5
-0.6
1.0
0.0
-0.1
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
-0.3
0.0
0.2
-0.1
0.0
-0.3
1.9
0.1

-0.1
-0.4
-0.9
-0.5
-5.6
-1.2
-20.5
-4.7
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
-1.8
2.3
-2.3
0.4
-0.9
0.4
0.2
-2.0
0.2
-1.8
0.0
-1.2
-2.5
0.6
-0.3
2.1
-4.8
-12.4
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
-1.4
0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-1.6
-1.1
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.7
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.1
0.8
1.6
0.3
-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

Final Demand
Final demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fresh fruits and melons2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fresh and dry vegetables2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Eggs for fresh use2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oilseeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bakery products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Milled rice2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pasta products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Beef and veal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pork. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed young chickens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed turkeys2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finfish and shellfish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dairy products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed fruits and vegetables2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Confectionery end products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Soft drinks2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Roasted coffee2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shortening and cooking oils2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Frozen specialty food2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Liquefied petroleum gas2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential electric power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential natural gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Home heating oil and distillates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
No. 2 diesel fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand goods less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alcoholic beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pet food2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women’s, girls’, and infants’ apparel2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men’s and boys’ apparel2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile housefurnishings2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Footwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pharmaceutical preparations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Soaps and detergents2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cleaning and polishing products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cosmetics and other toiletries2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tires2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Consumer, institutional, and commercial products, n.e.c.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sanitary paper products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iron and steel scrap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agricultural machinery and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction machinery and equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal cutting machine tools2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal forming machine tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tools, dies, jigs, fixtures, and industrial molds2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pumps, compressors, and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial material handling equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic computers and computer equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile machinery and equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper industries machinery2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing trades machinery and equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transformers and power regulators2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Communication and related equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic components and accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
X-ray and electromedical equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil field and gas field machinery2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining machinery and equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Internal combustion engines2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FD
FD
FD
01
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
FD
05
05
05
05
05
05
FD
02
02
03
03
03
04
06
06
06
06
06
07
07
09
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11

4
41
411
11
13
2
7107
8301
11
13
1402
2101
2104
2203
2206
23
3
4
55
62
6301
78
85
412
32
41
51
71
7302
7303
413
61
9402
8106
8107
82
3
1
38
71
72
75
1201
2B
1501
12
1
2
37
38
39
41
44
5
62
64
65
74
76
78
7905
91
92
94

See footnotes at end of table.

20

Table 2. Producer price index percentage changes for selected commodity groupings by Final DemandIntermediate Demand category, seasonally adjusted — Continued
[December 2023]
Commodity
code
Grouping
Group
code
Household furniture2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial furniture2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Floor coverings2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Household appliances2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Home electronic equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lawn and garden equipment excl. garden tractors2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Passenger cars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Light motor trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy motor trucks2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck trailers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel trailers and campers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aircraft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ships2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Railroad equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Toys, games, and children’s vehicles2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sporting and athletic goods2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cigarettes2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mobile homes2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical, surgical & personal aid devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jewelry, platinum and karat gold2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Costume jewelry and novelties2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand trade services3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery and vehicle wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and commercial equipment wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furnishings wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals and allied products wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and plastics products wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and alcohol wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and alcohol retailing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health, beauty, and optical goods retailing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel, jewelry, footwear, and accessories retailing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer hardware, software, and supplies retailing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TV, video, and photographic equipment and supplies retailing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobiles retailing (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automotive parts, including tires, retailing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RVs, trailers, and campers retailing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sporting goods, including boats, retailing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lawn, garden, and farm equipment and supplies retailing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture retailing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flooring and floor coverings retailing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hardware, building materials, and supplies retailing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Major household appliances retailing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fuels and lubricants retailing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cleaning supplies and paper products retailing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Book retailing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation of freight and mail2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation of freight2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation of freight2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Courier, messenger, and U.S. postal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Airline passenger services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . .
Sales of books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and subscriptions of periodicals and newspapers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Application software publishing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising space sales in periodicals, newspapers, directories, and
mailing lists2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential wired telecommunication services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wireless telecommunication services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cable and satellite subscriber services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Internet access services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item
code

12
12
12
12
12
12
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
FD
FD
57
57
57
57
57
57
57
57
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
FD
30
30
30
30
30
30
FD
33
33
34

1
2
3
4
5
66
1101
1105
1106
12
14
16
21
31
4
11
12
21
5
6
9402
9404
42
423
1102
1103
1104
2
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6101
6102
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
422
11
12
14
16
21
22
421
11
12
2

36
37
37
37
37

1
11
2
3
4

See footnotes at end of table.

21

Unadjusted
12-month
percent
change1

Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change1

Dec. 2022
to
Dec. 2023p

July to
Aug.

Aug. to
Sept.p

Sept. to
Oct.p

Oct. to
Nov.p

Nov. to
Dec.p

-0.9
1.0
0.4
1.6
1.2
0.8
-3.0
1.2
1.8
1.6
-2.8
0.6
3.4
2.5
1.3
1.4
7.3
11.6
-3.6
2.5
3.4
7.1
1.8
-0.8
9.2
-5.5
5.5
-7.0
-0.6
-1.7
10.1
1.5
1.9
4.8
-1.7
-16.8
20.0
-29.8
-1.2
10.6
-4.5
18.1
-0.1
5.5
7.9
3.4
-12.8
18.0
0.9
-4.5
1.1
-8.9
0.5
5.7
0.0
-0.1
3.8
8.1
2.5
4.1

0.0
-0.3
1.0
0.7
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.2
1.3
-0.9
0.1
-0.9
0.0
0.2
0.1
2.2
0.3
0.8
-1.1
-2.8
2.7
5.7
-3.3
0.4
0.5
4.1
-0.3
-6.5
-0.4
0.7
-6.4
0.1
-0.1
-2.4
-1.4
2.3
7.4
4.7
4.1
-0.6
-0.1
0.4
0.6
0.3
1.0
0.2
-2.2
0.3
-0.1
0.9
0.5

-0.2
0.2
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.1
-0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.4
-1.1
0.1
0.5
0.0
0.2
-0.1
-0.1
0.7
0.5
2.1
-2.4
-1.0
2.4
-1.3
-0.8
1.3
1.9
2.6
5.9
-2.8
-1.0
-4.8
1.1
1.8
-0.3
0.5
4.0
3.5
-3.6
0.9
0.7
0.1
0.7
1.5
1.4
0.6
0.0
-3.2
0.4
0.8
0.1
2.9

-1.2
0.0
-0.9
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.5
-0.5
0.0
0.1
-0.3
-0.2
0.1
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
-2.3
0.0
0.0
-0.3
0.9
-1.5
0.9
-4.5
4.8
0.6
1.1
0.2
-0.7
-2.2
-6.2
-2.5
6.5
-5.4
-1.5
-0.3
-0.2
-0.4
0.3
0.8
0.8
-7.0
16.2
0.1
0.5
0.7
1.2
0.2
1.5
0.6
-0.1
2.1
0.0
0.7
-0.1
0.8

-0.2
0.6
-1.4
0.8
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.2
1.4
0.1
0.2
2.4
0.0
0.0
-0.1
1.3
1.4
-1.2
1.4
1.1
-0.2
0.6
1.1
-0.8
1.4
0.5
-1.2
12.3
-5.2
3.8
3.6
-2.6
-0.4
-5.8
0.7
-1.8
4.7
-4.7
-1.8
-3.2
-0.2
0.4
-0.1
-0.2
-0.2
0.1
-0.6
0.1
1.1
0.0
-2.7

0.0
-0.6
0.0
-0.3
0.0
0.0
-3.0
-0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
2.9
0.0
0.0
-0.8
0.2
-5.5
1.1
0.1
-0.3
-0.2
-6.6
-0.7
0.1
-0.6
0.5
3.9
-0.3
-3.4
-0.9
-3.5
2.6
0.1
-2.2
0.3
-1.4
-5.8
3.5
-0.1
0.7
-0.4
0.0
-1.6
-0.4
0.1
0.0
2.1
0.4
0.8
1.9
3.0

0.8
4.9
1.2
7.5
0.1

-0.4
0.5
-0.6
1.1
-0.4

-0.4
0.5
0.2
0.7
-1.4

-0.3
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.0

-0.2
0.1
0.2
0.4
1.0

0.0
0.2
0.1
0.8
-0.3

Table 2. Producer price index percentage changes for selected commodity groupings by Final DemandIntermediate Demand category, seasonally adjusted — Continued
[December 2023]
Commodity
code
Grouping
Group
code
Bundled wired telecommunications access services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Consumer loans (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deposit services (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other credit intermediation, incl. trust services (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services2. . .
Portfolio management2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Life insurance2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disability insurance, including accidental death2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and medical insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Property and casualty insurance2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Annuities2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential property sales and leases, brokerage fees and commissions.. .
Passenger car rental. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tax preparation and planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arrangement of flights (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arrangement of vehicle rentals and lodging2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arrangement of cruises and tours2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physician care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical laboratory and diagnostic imaging care2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Home health and hospice care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospital outpatient care2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dental care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospital inpatient care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing home care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Traveler accommodation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverages for immediate consumption services (partial)2. . . . . . .
Motor vehicle repair and maintenance (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership dues and admissions and recreation facility use fees
(partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recreational activity instruction fees (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gaming receipts (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New warehouse building construction2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New school building construction2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New office building construction2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New industrial building construction2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New health care building construction2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item
code

Unadjusted
12-month
percent
change1

Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change1

Dec. 2022
to
Dec. 2023p

July to
Aug.

Aug. to
Sept.p

Sept. to
Oct.p

Oct. to
Nov.p

Nov. to
Dec.p

37
39
39
39
40
40
41
41
41
41
41
43
44
45
45
45
45
47
47
47
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
53
54
55

5
12
2
3
1
2
1101
1102
1103
1104
2
21
1
1
2102
3
4
1
2
3
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
2101
2102
11
1
2

3.0
8.3
12.7
1.9
10.5
5.5
-1.6
0.0
3.1
6.3
0.4
6.3
-5.8
6.3
-2.6
3.3
3.5
3.8
0.6
0.6
0.3
0.7
5.2
4.4
3.0
4.3
4.0
-6.4
4.5
4.7

1.0
3.3
-2.5
2.5
0.9
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.0
1.4
0.8
0.2
-2.6
0.1
-2.3
-0.1
0.4
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.5
-0.3
0.2
-0.4
0.8
3.7

-2.9
1.0
5.2
0.0
-0.1
-0.5
-0.4
0.0
0.2
0.8
0.0
0.3
1.0
0.3
2.2
0.2
5.1
-0.3
-0.2
-0.4
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.0
1.3
0.0
2.5
0.1
-2.2

0.2
-0.6
0.8
0.0
-1.9
-3.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
-0.3
0.5
1.8
0.9
-4.2
0.8
-3.4
-1.3
-0.8
0.6
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.9
0.4
-2.6
0.8
0.4

-0.2
0.5
2.8
-3.7
0.4
-1.7
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.3
-2.8
0.3
-1.1
0.0
0.2
0.3
-0.1
-0.7
0.0
-0.1
0.1
-0.2
0.3
0.2
0.0
1.4
0.3
0.4

1.9
4.6
1.6
0.0
2.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.5
1.1
0.6
0.7
0.1
1.7
-0.5
-0.1
-1.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
-4.8
0.0
0.0

56
56
56
60
FD
80
80
80
80
80

1
2
3
1
43
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105

7.3
0.3
3.3
2.0
0.5
-1.4
-0.1
2.1
0.5
0.4

-1.4
0.0
-0.7
-0.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1

0.0
0.0
0.6
0.8
0.1
0.0
0.1
-0.1
0.6
0.0

1.9
0.0
1.7
-0.7
-0.3
-0.3
-0.2
-0.8
0.0
0.0

1.8
0.0
-0.2
1.2
-0.1
-0.2
0.0
-0.1
-0.1
-0.5

2.4
0.0
1.8
0.2
0.1
0.1
-0.2
0.2
0.0
0.2

ID6
ID6
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
ID6
03
03
03
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05

1
9112
21
22
3
4
53
7
9
9111
1
2
4
32
42
43
52
53
54
71
7203
7303
74

-2.7
-5.3
6.8
-9.8
-7.0
9.9
9.5
-18.2
-6.7
-2.5
-2.1
-6.1
-0.7
-15.5
5.7
7.3
-16.3
-16.8
-13.1
-5.3
-12.3
-18.7
-1.9

2.1
0.7
-2.4
1.9
1.9
0.3
1.1
4.9
0.2
2.3
-2.4
-0.2
-0.1
4.7
0.2
0.3
-0.1
0.3
0.1
18.7
22.7
39.2
7.3

0.6
0.7
1.5
6.2
1.4
2.0
-2.3
-0.8
0.6
0.6
2.4
0.3
0.1
9.7
0.7
0.1
-1.8
-2.3
-1.1
5.1
7.1
2.6
5.7

-1.0
-0.3
1.1
0.5
1.3
0.7
0.9
-0.3
-1.1
-1.1
2.3
-0.6
-0.1
-7.0
-0.3
0.6
2.2
-6.5
-1.0
-15.6
-3.2
-11.7
4.0

-0.4
-0.6
0.4
-9.0
-0.4
0.0
3.3
-0.3
-0.1
-0.4
-0.6
-1.1
-0.1
-6.1
2.3
2.3
5.5
8.3
3.2
-6.5
-5.8
-1.8
-3.1

-0.6
-0.7
-0.7
0.5
-0.9
0.4
0.0
-1.7
-1.0
-0.6
-3.7
0.2
0.3
-2.5
0.8
0.8
-0.6
1.7
-2.2
2.1
-12.1
-12.4
-7.9

Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type
Processed goods for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed foods and feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Meats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed poultry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dairy products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed fruits and vegetables2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refined sugar and byproducts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fats and oils2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prepared animal feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed materials less foods and feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Synthetic fibers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed yarns and threads2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished fabrics2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Liquefied petroleum gas2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial electric power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial electric power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial natural gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial natural gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural gas to electric utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jet fuel2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
No. 2 diesel fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residual fuels2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

22

Table 2. Producer price index percentage changes for selected commodity groupings by Final DemandIntermediate Demand category, seasonally adjusted — Continued
[December 2023]
Commodity
code
Grouping
Group
code
Finished lubricants2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lubricating oil base stocks2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asphalt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Basic inorganic chemicals2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Basic organic chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prepared paint2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paint materials2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medicinal and botanical chemicals2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Biological products, including diagnostics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fats and oils, inedible2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nitrogenates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Phosphates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other agricultural chemicals2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastic resins and materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial gases2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adhesives and sealants2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Synthetic rubber2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tires2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastic construction products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unsupported plastic film, sheet, other shapes2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parts for manufacturing from plastics2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastic packaging products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Softwood lumber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hardwood lumber2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Millwork. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plywood2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paperboard2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper boxes and containers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building paper and board2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial printing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foundry and forge shop products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steel mill products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary nonferrous metals2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Secondary nonferrous metals2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aluminum mill shapes2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copper and brass mill shapes2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonferrous wire and cable2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonferrous foundry shop products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal containers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hardware2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plumbing fixtures and brass fittings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heating equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated structural metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lighting fixtures2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated ferrous wire products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other miscellaneous metal products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fluid power equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mechanical power transmission equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal valves, except fluid power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ball and roller bearings2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wiring devices2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motors, generators, motor generator sets2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Switchgear, switchboard, and industrial controls equip.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic components and accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Internal combustion engines2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machine shop products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flat glass2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Concrete products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asphalt felts and coatings2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paving mixtures and blocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aircraft engines and engine parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

05
05
05
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
07
07
07
07
07
07
08
08
08
08
09
09
09
09
09
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
13
13
13
13
13
14
14

Item
code
76
78
8102
13
14
21
22
31
37
4
5201
5202
53
6
7903
7904
1102
1201
21
22
26
2A
11
12
2
3
13
14
1503
2
47
15
17
22
24
2501
2502
26
28
3
4
5
6
7
81
83
88
89
43
45
48
4902
4905
71
73
75
78
94
95
11
22
3
6
94
12
23

See footnotes at end of table.

23

Unadjusted
12-month
percent
change1

Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change1

Dec. 2022
to
Dec. 2023p

July to
Aug.

Aug. to
Sept.p

Sept. to
Oct.p

Oct. to
Nov.p

Nov. to
Dec.p

-0.4
-21.4
23.9
-9.7
-8.8
-1.0
-3.0
0.8
5.1
-19.8
-38.8
-11.7
-15.8
-6.5
4.7
1.6
-7.4
2.0
-3.2
-6.2
-4.1
-4.6
-14.6
-0.2
-3.4
-3.8
-1.4
-8.2
-3.4
2.2
2.5
1.7
-2.0
0.1
-4.9
-1.7
-1.4
-4.6
2.4
-5.2
1.1
1.5
2.4
2.5
6.3
3.0
-8.2
1.5
10.6
3.3
3.8
4.9
1.8
4.0
4.9
5.2
-1.1
6.3
1.6
2.1
8.2
7.3
2.6
2.1
1.6
3.2

-0.1
1.9
0.0
-1.5
0.1
0.0
5.0
-0.2
-0.1
3.4
2.2
7.4
-1.1
-1.7
-1.5
-0.3
0.1
0.0
-0.1
-0.8
-0.2
-0.2
-5.5
-8.4
-0.9
1.4
-0.6
-0.3
-0.5
13.5
0.3
0.5
-2.0
-3.9
-1.4
-0.3
0.1
0.5
0.3
-1.6
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.2
-0.1
-0.6
-0.2
-0.3
0.2
0.6
0.6
-0.1
0.6
1.0
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
-0.8
0.3
0.9
-1.0
0.8
0.0
0.3

-1.1
-0.1
5.0
0.3
1.7
-0.2
-0.8
0.0
0.3
0.0
-0.5
1.5
-4.2
0.4
1.5
0.1
1.1
-0.2
0.2
-1.5
-0.2
0.0
1.3
3.5
0.3
1.4
0.6
0.5
-0.2
-0.2
0.2
-0.1
-3.5
1.9
-0.3
-0.9
-0.1
-1.5
-0.1
-0.2
0.0
0.0
-0.1
0.4
0.5
0.2
-0.3
0.0
0.8
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.9
1.1
0.6
0.9
0.1
0.0

-0.2
11.9
2.4
-2.1
2.9
-0.3
-4.0
0.9
0.2
-6.5
5.5
6.2
0.2
-2.5
0.8
0.0
2.4
-0.1
0.0
0.4
-0.2
-0.4
-2.9
-4.9
0.3
1.6
-0.5
0.0
-0.1
-17.9
0.0
-0.6
-2.5
-2.0
-1.4
-0.4
-1.4
-0.5
0.6
-0.9
0.0
0.1
0.7
0.6
-0.5
0.0
-1.4
0.2
2.2
0.4
0.4
1.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.4
-0.1
-0.1
-0.2
0.2
-0.4
0.7
0.6
1.0
0.1
0.2

0.2
2.1
1.4
-0.4
-2.7
-0.1
0.1
0.0
0.3
-6.0
1.6
1.4
-0.1
1.6
-1.7
0.0
0.2
-0.1
0.2
0.3
-0.4
0.4
-5.7
1.3
0.3
-1.3
-0.2
-0.1
-0.3
-2.4
0.1
-0.2
-1.5
0.9
0.2
-0.2
-0.3
-0.1
-0.4
-0.5
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.4
1.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
-1.8
0.6
0.7
0.3
-0.1
-0.3
-0.3
1.0
-0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.7
0.4
-0.3
1.5
0.1
0.9

0.7
0.6
2.2
0.2
-1.8
-0.2
-0.1
-0.3
0.0
-2.3
1.9
2.9
0.0
1.4
0.1
0.0
-1.5
0.0
-0.4
0.9
0.2
-0.4
-2.4
-0.6
-0.3
-0.2
0.0
-1.5
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
3.3
-1.5
0.3
-0.1
1.1
0.4
0.9
0.0
-0.3
0.2
0.2
1.6
0.0
0.1
-0.6
0.0
0.1
0.0
-0.3
0.6
-0.1
-0.5
0.0
0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.6
0.1
0.3
0.7
0.1
0.5

Table 2. Producer price index percentage changes for selected commodity groupings by Final DemandIntermediate Demand category, seasonally adjusted — Continued
[December 2023]
Commodity
code
Grouping
Group
code
Aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment, n.e.c.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Medical, surgical, and personal aid devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Item
code
25
6

Unadjusted
12-month
percent
change1
Dec. 2022
to
Dec. 2023p

Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change1

July to
Aug.

Aug. to
Sept.p

Sept. to
Oct.p

Oct. to
Nov.p

Nov. to
Dec.p

4.6
2.5

0.5
0.1

-0.1
0.1

0.0
0.0

0.1
0.2

0.0
0.2

Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wheat2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Corn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slaughter cattle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slaughter hogs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slaughter chickens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slaughter turkeys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Raw milk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hay and hayseeds2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oilseeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Raw cane sugar and byproducts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed nonfood materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Raw cotton2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hides and skins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural gas2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Crude petroleum2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logs, bolts, timber, pulpwood, and woodchips2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recyclable paper2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iron ores2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iron and steel scrap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonferrous metal ores2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copper base scrap2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aluminum base scrap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ID6
ID6
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
02
ID6
01
04
05
05
05
08
09
10
10
10
10
10
13

2
21
21
2202
31
32
4102
42
6
81
8301
5201
22
51
1
1
31
61
5
12
11
12
21
2301
2302
21

-19.0
-16.5
-24.4
-31.4
12.6
-39.6
1.6
-37.4
-12.1
-37.9
-12.4
12.7
-20.5
-7.0
-8.4
-0.4
-60.5
-10.8
-5.1
36.8
-6.0
19.4
6.0
2.0
6.8
8.5

2.3
0.1
-7.9
-2.0
1.6
-2.4
0.8
-10.4
14.0
-18.2
-4.3
0.6
3.6
4.6
1.5
1.5
0.0
8.1
0.3
2.2
1.1
2.9
-3.0
-0.7
0.3
1.2

3.3
2.3
-5.2
-6.2
1.7
-0.5
13.5
-4.0
5.4
5.4
4.3
-0.3
3.9
1.6
-0.2
-3.4
-2.6
10.3
0.0
9.6
0.5
0.8
0.5
-0.6
0.1
0.5

-2.0
-3.1
-6.0
-2.7
-0.6
-9.0
-3.8
-13.8
-1.5
-4.7
-4.7
4.1
-1.3
-1.5
-8.6
2.7
1.2
-3.4
-0.1
10.8
-1.1
1.6
1.8
-2.7
1.5
0.3

-2.4
-1.0
-1.2
-3.5
-7.2
-4.0
-2.4
7.0
-2.1
7.1
5.0
-0.7
-3.3
-6.2
2.6
-1.7
9.9
-9.7
-1.2
1.0
-1.9
5.5
3.4
1.1
3.6
0.5

-4.4
-2.5
2.4
-1.7
-3.4
-19.7
5.7
-0.2
1.0
-17.5
-4.7
-0.3
-5.5
3.6
-3.8
1.1
1.5
-13.2
-0.4
-7.5
0.0
-1.1
1.2
3.9
0.9
0.6

Services for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services for intermediate demand3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals and allied products wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and plastics products wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automotive parts, including tires, retailing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hardware, building material, and supplies retailing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation of freight and mail2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation of freight2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation of freight2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation of freight2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Courier and messenger services, except air mail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air mail and package delivery services, excluding by USPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipline transportation2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services related to water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arrangement of freight and cargo2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing, storage, and related services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for intermediate
demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Network compensation from broadcast TV, cable TV, radio2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising space sales in periodicals and newspapers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising space sales in directories and mail lists2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Television advertising time sales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radio advertising time sales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Internet advertising sales2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business wired telecommunication services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wireless telecommunication services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cable and satellite subscriber services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bundled wired telecommunication access services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing and related services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business loans (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ID6
ID6
57
57
57
57
57
57
58
58
ID6
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
31
31
32

3
33
1102
3
4
5
6
8101
6102
D
32
11
12
13
14
1601
1602
1603
17
2
1
31
1

3.4
4.6
9.2
-7.8
19.0
-0.6
-1.7
1.3
-1.2
7.9
-0.8
1.1
-8.9
-0.4
0.5
8.0
4.4
4.7
2.9
-0.1
3.3
-22.5
3.1

-0.1
-0.5
2.2
1.3
-4.4
-2.8
2.7
-3.7
0.7
2.3
-0.6
0.4
0.6
2.5
0.3
0.0
1.1
2.2
0.1
-2.1
0.5
-12.8
-1.1

0.2
-0.5
-0.1
1.2
-2.5
-2.4
-1.0
-1.5
-1.0
4.0
0.6
0.7
1.5
-0.8
1.4
0.0
0.7
1.3
-0.2
-3.2
0.3
3.3
2.0

0.0
1.8
0.9
0.3
7.8
4.8
0.6
0.1
-1.5
0.8
0.6
1.2
0.2
-2.3
1.5
0.0
0.4
1.5
-0.2
2.1
0.4
2.0
-0.3

0.3
0.6
1.3
-1.8
2.8
1.1
-0.2
1.1
3.8
-1.8
-0.2
0.4
-0.1
0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.0
-1.0
-0.1
-0.6
0.5
-0.5
-0.6

0.4
0.4
0.2
1.1
1.6
-0.3
-0.2
-0.8
-0.9
-1.4
0.1
0.0
-1.6
-0.2
-0.4
0.0
0.7
-0.6
0.0
2.1
0.6
2.5
-0.1

ID6
35
36
36
36
36
36
37
37
37
37
38
39

31
–
11
12
2
3
6
12
2
3
5
1
11

4.0
0.7
0.0
5.4
-15.6
2.2
2.1
3.1
1.2
7.5
3.0
2.2
9.4

0.1
0.2
-0.5
0.0
-8.0
4.6
0.0
1.0
-0.6
1.1
1.0
0.1
-1.7

0.3
0.0
-0.4
0.0
-4.2
-2.3
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.7
-2.9
-0.2
-2.7

-0.5
0.0
-0.4
0.0
0.5
-0.7
0.0
-0.5
0.1
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.9

0.3
0.0
-0.2
0.0
7.1
5.5
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.4
-0.2
0.3
-0.8

0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.1
4.0
0.0
-0.1
0.1
0.8
1.9
0.3
-1.6

See footnotes at end of table.

24

Table 2. Producer price index percentage changes for selected commodity groupings by Final DemandIntermediate Demand category, seasonally adjusted — Continued
[December 2023]
Commodity
code
Grouping
Group
code
Deposit services (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other credit intermediation, incl. trust services (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services2. . . . .
Portfolio management2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investment banking2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Life insurance2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and medical insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Property and casualty insurance2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Annuities2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commissions from sales of insurance2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential real estate rents2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential property sales and leases2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential property management fees2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Passenger car rental. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck, utility trailer, and RV rental and leasing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment rental and
leasing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting services (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent placement services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Executive search services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Staffing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Security guard services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Janitorial services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Traveler accommodation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and
maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aircraft repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal treatment services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item
code

Unadjusted
12-month
percent
change1

Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change1

Dec. 2022
to
Dec. 2023p

July to
Aug.

Aug. to
Sept.p

Sept. to
Oct.p

Oct. to
Nov.p

Nov. to
Dec.p

39
39
40
40
40
41
41
41
41
42
43
43
43
44
44

2
3
1
2
3
1101
1103
1104
2
1
11
12
22
1
2

12.7
1.9
10.5
5.5
7.1
-1.6
3.1
6.3
0.4
0.6
4.2
-3.4
1.6
-5.8
-1.0

-2.5
2.5
0.9
1.8
1.9
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.0
2.9
0.4
0.1
0.8
-0.6

5.2
0.0
-0.1
-0.5
2.9
-0.4
0.2
0.8
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
-0.5
1.0
0.9

0.8
0.0
-1.9
-3.0
-0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
-0.3
0.0
-3.0
-0.2
-0.7
1.8
-0.6

2.8
-3.7
0.4
-1.7
-0.7
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.6
-0.1
1.1
-2.8
0.1

1.6
0.0
2.0
1.5
-1.6
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
1.5
-0.1
-0.4
1.1
-0.2

44
45
45
45
45
45
46
46
46
48
49
50
53

3
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
1
1
1
11

1.4
6.3
6.2
3.3
3.5
0.5
1.3
8.3
0.5
9.7
-0.8
8.5
-6.4

-1.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
-2.3
-0.2
-1.1
2.8
-0.3
2.6
0.0
1.1
-0.4

0.4
0.3
1.3
0.2
5.1
0.0
0.4
1.3
-0.4
-0.1
-2.4
0.9
2.5

0.2
0.9
-2.3
0.8
-3.4
0.0
-0.2
0.8
0.2
0.8
-0.1
-0.5
-2.6

-0.1
0.3
-0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.4
-1.2
0.1
-0.2
0.1
1.0
1.4

0.2
0.6
0.3
0.1
1.7
0.0
0.2
3.7
0.2
2.4
0.0
-0.5
-4.8

55
55
59

1
4
1

5.7
8.1
5.9

0.0
0.3
0.3

1.8
3.5
-0.3

-0.6
0.4
0.5

0.9
0.2
-0.3

0.9
0.1
0.6

4
2

3.3
3.3

0.0
0.0

0.0
0.0

0.1
0.1

0.0
0.0

0.1
0.1

2.1
-0.4
-29.6
6.8
-4.3
-7.0
5.7
7.3
-5.3
-18.7
-8.8
-1.0
0.8
5.1
2.8
-3.2
-6.2
-4.1
-4.6
-9.2
-3.4
-3.4
2.5
-2.0
-4.6
2.5
1.5
3.8
4.0

0.5
0.7
-2.7
-2.4
-0.7
1.9
0.2
0.3
18.7
39.2
0.1
0.0
-0.2
-0.1
0.1
-0.1
-0.8
-0.2
-0.2
-6.7
-0.9
-0.5
0.3
-2.0
0.5
0.1
-0.2
0.6
0.6

0.2
0.3
-6.3
1.5
-1.7
1.4
0.7
0.1
5.1
2.6
1.7
-0.2
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.2
-1.5
-0.2
0.0
2.1
0.3
-0.2
0.2
-3.5
-1.5
0.4
0.0
0.2
0.0

-0.3
-0.5
-3.0
1.1
-0.9
1.3
-0.3
0.6
-15.6
-11.7
2.9
-0.3
0.9
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.4
-0.2
-0.4
-3.7
0.3
-0.1
0.0
-2.5
-0.5
0.6
0.2
0.4
0.2

0.1
-0.1
-2.8
0.4
0.5
-0.4
2.3
2.3
-6.5
-1.8
-2.7
-0.1
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.3
-0.4
0.4
-3.0
0.3
-0.3
0.1
-1.5
-0.1
0.4
0.2
0.7
-0.3

0.2
0.0
-1.2
-0.7
0.4
-0.9
0.8
0.8
2.1
-12.4
-1.8
-0.2
-0.3
0.0
0.1
-0.4
0.9
0.2
-0.4
-1.6
-0.3
0.0
0.0
3.3
0.4
1.6
0.0
-0.3
-0.5

Construction for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID6
Maintenance and repair of non-residential buildings (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Intermediate Demand by Production Flow
Stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stage 4 intermediate demand goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Meats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed and packaged fish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dairy products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial electric power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial electric power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
No. 2 diesel fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Basic organic chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prepared paint2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medicinal and botanical chemicals2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Biological products, including diagnostics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pharmaceutical preparations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastic construction products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unsupported plastic film, sheet, and other shapes2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parts for manufacturing from plastics2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastic packaging products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lumber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Millwork. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper boxes and containers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial printing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steel mill products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonferrous wire and cable2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated structural metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other miscellaneous metal products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wiring devices2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ID5
ID5
01
02
02
02
05
05
05
05
06
06
06
06
06
07
07
07
07
08
08
09
09
10
10
10
10
11
11

4
9411
2
21
23
3
42
43
71
7303
14
21
31
37
38
21
22
26
2A
1
2
1503
47
17
26
7
89
48
71

See footnotes at end of table.

25

Table 2. Producer price index percentage changes for selected commodity groupings by Final DemandIntermediate Demand category, seasonally adjusted — Continued
[December 2023]
Commodity
code
Grouping
Group
code
Electronic components and accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous electrical machinery and equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Internal combustion engines2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machine shop products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Concrete ingredients and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Concrete products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prepared asphalt, tar roofing and siding products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paving mixtures and blocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aircraft engines and engine parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment, n.e.c.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical, surgical and personal aid devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stage 4 intermediate demand services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation of freight2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Courier, messenger, and U.S. postal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Airline passenger services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing, storage, and related services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising space sales in periodicals and newspapers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing and related services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business loans (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deposit services (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services2. . . . .
Portfolio management2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investment banking2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Annuities2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential real estate rents2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential property sales and leases2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential property management fees2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential property management fees2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment rental and
leasing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising agency services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting services (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Staffing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Janitorial services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and
maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals and allied products wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and plastics products wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and alcohol wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hardware and building materials and supplies retailing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal treatment services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stage 3 intermediate demand goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slaughter cattle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slaughter hogs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slaughter poultry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Raw milk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial electric power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial electric power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jet fuel2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
No. 2 diesel fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished lubricants2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lubricating oil base stocks2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asphalt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Basic inorganic chemicals2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Basic organic chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paints and allied products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item
code

Unadjusted
12-month
percent
change1

Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change1

Dec. 2022
to
Dec. 2023p

July to
Aug.

Aug. to
Sept.p

Sept. to
Oct.p

Oct. to
Nov.p

Nov. to
Dec.p

11
11
11
11
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
15
ID5
30
30
30
32
36
38
39
39
40
40
40
41
41
43
43
43
43

78
79
94
95
2
3
61
94
12
23
25
6
9412
12
16
22
1
11
1
11
2
1
2
3
11
2
11
12
13
22

-1.1
1.1
6.3
1.6
8.4
7.3
2.8
2.1
1.6
3.2
4.6
2.5
4.3
-8.9
5.7
-0.1
3.1
0.0
2.2
9.4
12.7
10.5
5.5
7.1
3.6
0.4
4.2
-3.4
8.4
1.6

0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.9
-1.2
0.8
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.1
0.4
0.6
1.0
-2.2
-1.1
-0.5
0.1
-1.7
-2.5
0.9
1.8
1.9
0.3
0.0
2.9
0.4
0.8
0.1

-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.6
1.1
0.7
0.9
0.1
0.0
-0.1
0.1
0.2
1.5
0.6
-3.2
2.0
-0.4
-0.2
-2.7
5.2
-0.1
-0.5
2.9
0.4
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.1
-0.5

-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.2
0.1
0.7
0.7
1.0
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
-0.1
0.2
0.6
2.1
-0.3
-0.4
0.2
0.9
0.8
-1.9
-3.0
-0.1
0.2
-0.3
-3.0
-0.2
1.5
-0.7

-0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.4
-0.3
1.5
0.1
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.3
-0.1
-0.2
-0.6
-0.6
-0.2
0.3
-0.8
2.8
0.4
-1.7
-0.7
0.1
0.0
1.6
-0.1
1.1
1.1

-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.1
0.3
0.7
0.1
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.4
-1.6
0.1
2.1
-0.1
0.0
0.3
-1.6
1.6
2.0
1.5
-1.6
0.0
0.0
1.5
-0.1
0.0
-0.4

44
45
45
45
45
45
46
49

3
1
51
2
3
4
3
1

1.4
6.3
0.5
6.2
3.3
3.5
0.5
-0.8

-1.0
0.2
-0.2
0.2
0.1
-2.3
-0.3
0.0

0.4
0.3
0.0
1.3
0.2
5.1
-0.4
-2.4

0.2
0.9
0.0
-2.3
0.8
-3.4
0.2
-0.1

-0.1
0.3
0.0
-0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1

0.2
0.6
0.0
0.3
0.1
1.7
0.2
0.0

55
57
57
57
57
57
57
58
59

1
1102
3
4
5
6
8
D
1

5.7
9.2
-7.8
19.0
-0.6
-1.7
1.5
7.9
5.9

0.0
2.2
1.3
-4.4
-2.8
2.7
-3.3
2.3
0.3

1.8
-0.1
1.2
-2.5
-2.4
-1.0
-1.3
4.0
-0.3

-0.6
0.9
0.3
7.8
4.8
0.6
0.2
0.8
0.5

0.9
1.3
-1.8
2.8
1.1
-0.2
1.1
-1.8
-0.3

0.9
0.2
1.1
1.6
-0.3
-0.2
-0.7
-1.4
0.6

ID5
ID5
01
01
01
01
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
06
06
06

3
9311
31
32
4
6
42
43
71
7203
7303
76
78
8102
13
14
2

-2.4
-7.8
12.6
-39.6
-5.2
-12.1
5.7
7.3
-5.3
-12.3
-18.7
-0.4
-21.4
23.9
-9.7
-8.8
-1.5

1.1
3.3
1.6
-2.4
-0.9
14.0
0.2
0.3
18.7
22.7
39.2
-0.1
1.9
0.0
-1.5
0.1
0.9

0.6
1.2
1.7
-0.5
10.9
5.4
0.7
0.1
5.1
7.1
2.6
-1.1
-0.1
5.0
0.3
1.7
-0.5

-0.6
-2.0
-0.6
-9.0
-4.9
-1.5
-0.3
0.6
-15.6
-3.2
-11.7
-0.2
11.9
2.4
-2.1
2.9
-1.1

-0.3
-1.2
-7.2
-4.0
-1.4
-2.1
2.3
2.3
-6.5
-5.8
-1.8
0.2
2.1
1.4
-0.4
-2.7
0.1

-0.4
-1.4
-3.4
-19.7
4.9
1.0
0.8
0.8
2.1
-12.1
-12.4
0.7
0.6
2.2
0.2
-1.8
-0.1

See footnotes at end of table.

26

Table 2. Producer price index percentage changes for selected commodity groupings by Final DemandIntermediate Demand category, seasonally adjusted — Continued
[December 2023]
Commodity
code
Grouping
Group
code
Agricultural chemicals and chemical products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastic resins and materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Synthetic rubber2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unsupported plastic film, sheet, and other shapes2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paperboard2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Converted paper and paperboard products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial printing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foundry and forge shop products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steel mill products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonferrous mill shapes2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonferrous foundry shop products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal containers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Structural, architectural, and pre-engineered metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other miscellaneous metal products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General purpose machinery and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical machinery and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aircraft and aircraft equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stage 3 intermediate demand services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation of freight and mail2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Courier, messenger, and U.S. postal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arrangement of freight and cargo2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Freight forwarding2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing, storage, and related services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising space sales in periodicals, newspapers, directories, and mailing
lists2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wired telephone services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bundled wired telecommunications access services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing and related services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business loans (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deposit services (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services2. . . . .
Insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential real estate rents2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting services (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising agency services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Staffing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aircraft repair maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals and allied products wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and plastics products wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal treatment services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stage 2 intermediate demand goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Corn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oilseeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prepared animal feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural gas2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Liquefied petroleum gas2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Crude petroleum2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
No. 2 diesel fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastic resins and materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastic products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logs, bolts, timber, pulpwood, and wood chips2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item
code

Unadjusted
12-month
percent
change1

Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change1

Dec. 2022
to
Dec. 2023p

July to
Aug.

Aug. to
Sept.p

Sept. to
Oct.p

Oct. to
Nov.p

Nov. to
Dec.p

06
06
07
07
09
09
09
09
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
13
13
14
14
ID5
30
30
31
31
32

5
6
1102
22
13
14
15
47
15
17
25
28
3
74
81
89
4
7
21
22
12
2
9312
11
16
31
3201
1

-20.3
-6.5
-7.4
-6.2
-1.4
-8.2
-2.1
2.5
1.7
-2.0
-1.0
2.4
-5.2
3.1
6.3
1.5
5.1
1.5
8.5
8.2
1.6
3.6
2.3
1.1
5.7
-22.5
2.1
3.1

2.5
-1.7
0.1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.3
-0.5
0.3
0.5
-2.0
-0.2
0.3
-1.6
-0.2
0.2
-0.2
0.4
0.2
1.2
0.3
0.0
0.2
-0.6
0.4
1.0
-12.8
0.0
-1.1

-0.9
0.4
1.1
-1.5
0.6
0.5
0.0
0.2
-0.1
-3.5
-0.5
-0.1
-0.2
0.3
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.9
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.6
3.3
0.0
2.0

1.8
-2.5
2.4
0.4
-0.5
0.0
-0.3
0.0
-0.6
-2.5
-0.7
0.6
-0.9
0.7
-0.5
0.2
0.6
0.1
0.3
-0.4
0.1
0.1
0.5
1.2
0.6
2.0
0.0
-0.3

0.2
1.6
0.2
0.3
-0.2
-0.1
-0.6
0.1
-0.2
-1.5
-0.2
-0.4
-0.5
0.8
1.1
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.7
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.4
-0.2
-0.5
0.0
-0.6

0.4
1.4
-1.5
0.9
0.0
-1.5
-0.3
0.0
0.0
3.3
0.2
0.9
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.6
0.6
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.0
0.1
2.5
0.0
-0.1

36
37
37
38
39
39
40
41
43
45
45
45
45
45
46
55
57
57
57
57
57
57
59

1
1
5
1
11
2
1
11
11
1
2
3
4
51
3
4
1102
3
4
5
6
8101
1

0.8
3.4
3.0
2.2
9.4
12.7
10.5
3.6
4.2
6.3
6.2
3.3
3.5
0.5
0.5
8.1
9.2
-7.8
19.0
-0.6
-1.7
1.3
5.9

-0.4
0.7
1.0
0.1
-1.7
-2.5
0.9
0.3
2.9
0.2
0.2
0.1
-2.3
-0.2
-0.3
0.3
2.2
1.3
-4.4
-2.8
2.7
-3.7
0.3

-0.4
0.3
-2.9
-0.2
-2.7
5.2
-0.1
0.4
2.0
0.3
1.3
0.2
5.1
0.0
-0.4
3.5
-0.1
1.2
-2.5
-2.4
-1.0
-1.5
-0.3

-0.3
-0.2
0.2
0.2
0.9
0.8
-1.9
0.2
-3.0
0.9
-2.3
0.8
-3.4
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.9
0.3
7.8
4.8
0.6
0.1
0.5

-0.2
0.1
-0.2
0.3
-0.8
2.8
0.4
0.1
1.6
0.3
-0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.2
1.3
-1.8
2.8
1.1
-0.2
1.1
-0.3

0.0
0.0
1.9
0.3
-1.6
1.6
2.0
0.0
1.5
0.6
0.3
0.1
1.7
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.2
1.1
1.6
-0.3
-0.2
-0.8
0.6

ID5
ID5
01
01
02
05
05
05
05
05
06
06
07
08

2
9211
2202
83
9
1
31
32
61
7303
1
6
2
5

-5.5
-15.3
-31.4
-12.4
-6.7
-0.4
-60.5
-15.5
-10.8
-18.7
-9.0
-6.5
-2.8
-5.1

0.7
2.3
-2.0
-4.3
0.2
1.5
0.0
4.7
8.1
39.2
-0.2
-1.7
-0.2
0.3

1.1
3.1
-6.2
4.3
0.6
-3.4
-2.6
9.7
10.3
2.6
1.4
0.4
-0.3
0.0

-0.3
-1.3
-2.7
-4.7
-1.1
2.7
1.2
-7.0
-3.4
-11.7
2.0
-2.5
0.0
-0.1

-1.0
-2.4
-3.5
5.0
-0.1
-1.7
9.9
-6.1
-9.7
-1.8
-2.3
1.6
0.2
-1.2

-1.6
-4.1
-1.7
-4.7
-1.0
1.1
1.5
-2.5
-13.2
-12.4
-1.4
1.4
0.0
-0.4

See footnotes at end of table.

27

Table 2. Producer price index percentage changes for selected commodity groupings by Final DemandIntermediate Demand category, seasonally adjusted — Continued
[December 2023]
Commodity
code
Grouping
Group
code

Item
code

Paper2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paperboard, excluding corrugated paperboard2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial printing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iron and steel scrap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steel mill products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonferrous mill shapes2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical machinery and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic components and accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stage 2 intermediate demand services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation of freight and mail2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation of freight2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Courier and messenger services, except air. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air mail and package delivery services, excluding by USPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Airline passenger services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arrangement of freight and cargo2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Television advertising time sales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wireless telecommunication services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing and related services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services2. . . . .
Portfolio management2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investment banking2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commissions from sales of insurance2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting services (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising agency services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Staffing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Security guard services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Janitorial services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Traveler accommodation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and
maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hardware and building materials and supplies retailing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

09
09
09
10
10
10
11
11
ID5
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
31
36
37
38
40
40
40
41
42
45
45
45
45
46
48
49
53

13
1411
47
12
17
25
7
78
9212
11
12
1601
1602
1603
17
22
31
21
2
1
1
2
31
11
11
1
2
4
51
3
1
1
1

55
58

1
D

Stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stage 1 intermediate demand goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prepared animal feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial electric power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial electric power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial natural gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial natural gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
No. 2 diesel fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prepared paint2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastic construction products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recyclable paper2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Converted paper and paperboard products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iron and steel scrap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steel mill products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary nonferrous metals2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonferrous scrap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonferrous wire and cable2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated structural metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General purpose machinery and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stage 1 intermediate demand services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation of freight2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Airline passenger services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising space sales in periodicals, newspapers, directories, and mailing
lists2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business wired telecommunication services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wireless telecommunication services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ID5
ID5
02
05
05
05
05
05
05
06
06
07
09
09
09
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
13
ID5
30
30

1
9111
9
42
43
52
53
71
7303
1
21
21
12
13
15
12
17
22
23
26
7
4
21
9112
12
22

36
37
37

1
12
2

See footnotes at end of table.

28

Unadjusted
12-month
percent
change1

Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change1

Dec. 2022
to
Dec. 2023p

July to
Aug.

Aug. to
Sept.p

Sept. to
Oct.p

Oct. to
Nov.p

Nov. to
Dec.p

-1.4
-7.9
2.5
19.4
-2.0
-1.0
1.5
-1.1
2.8
1.1
-8.9
8.0
4.4
4.7
2.9
-0.1
-22.5
-15.6
1.2
2.2
10.5
5.5
7.1
3.6
0.6
6.3
6.2
3.5
0.5
0.5
9.7
-0.8
-6.4

-0.6
-0.6
0.3
2.9
-2.0
-0.2
0.2
0.3
-0.5
0.4
0.6
0.0
1.1
2.2
0.1
-2.2
-12.8
-8.0
-0.6
0.1
0.9
1.8
1.9
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.2
-2.3
-0.2
-0.3
2.6
0.0
-0.4

0.6
0.9
0.2
0.8
-3.5
-0.5
0.0
-0.1
-0.4
0.7
1.5
0.0
0.7
1.3
-0.2
-3.2
3.3
-4.2
0.2
-0.2
-0.1
-0.5
2.9
0.4
0.0
0.3
1.3
5.1
0.0
-0.4
-0.1
-2.4
2.5

-0.5
-0.2
0.0
1.6
-2.5
-0.7
0.1
-0.1
0.5
1.2
0.2
0.0
0.4
1.5
-0.2
2.1
2.0
0.5
0.1
0.2
-1.9
-3.0
-0.1
0.2
0.0
0.9
-2.3
-3.4
0.0
0.2
0.8
-0.1
-2.6

-0.2
0.0
0.1
5.5
-1.5
-0.2
0.1
-0.1
0.2
0.4
-0.1
0.0
0.0
-1.0
-0.1
-0.6
-0.5
7.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
-1.7
-0.7
0.1
0.0
0.3
-0.1
0.2
0.0
0.1
-0.2
0.1
1.4

0.0
-2.0
0.0
-1.1
3.3
0.2
0.1
-0.1
0.2
0.0
-1.6
0.0
0.7
-0.6
0.0
2.1
2.5
3.1
0.1
0.3
2.0
1.5
-1.6
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.3
1.7
0.0
0.2
2.4
0.0
-4.8

5.7
7.9

0.0
2.3

1.8
4.0

-0.6
0.8

0.9
-1.8

0.9
-1.4

-0.2
-3.7
-6.7
5.7
7.3
-16.3
-16.8
-5.3
-18.7
-9.0
-1.0
-3.2
36.8
-1.4
-2.1
19.4
-2.0
0.1
-5.4
-4.6
2.5
5.1
8.5
3.5
-8.9
-0.1

1.4
2.6
0.2
0.2
0.3
-0.1
0.3
18.7
39.2
-0.2
0.0
-0.1
2.2
-0.6
-0.5
2.9
-2.0
-3.9
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.4
1.2
0.3
0.6
-2.2

0.3
0.3
0.6
0.7
0.1
-1.8
-2.3
5.1
2.6
1.4
-0.2
0.2
9.6
0.6
0.0
0.8
-3.5
1.9
-0.7
-1.5
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.3
1.5
-3.2

-0.4
-0.8
-1.1
-0.3
0.6
2.2
-6.5
-15.6
-11.7
2.0
-0.3
0.0
10.8
-0.5
-0.3
1.6
-2.5
-2.0
-0.8
-0.5
0.6
0.6
0.3
0.0
0.2
2.1

-0.1
-0.5
-0.1
2.3
2.3
5.5
8.3
-6.5
-1.8
-2.3
-0.1
0.2
1.0
-0.2
-0.6
5.5
-1.5
0.9
0.0
-0.1
0.4
0.0
0.5
0.4
-0.1
-0.6

-0.2
-0.9
-1.0
0.8
0.8
-0.6
1.7
2.1
-12.4
-1.4
-0.2
-0.4
-7.5
0.0
-0.3
-1.1
3.3
-1.5
3.6
0.4
1.6
0.1
0.6
0.4
-1.6
2.1

0.8
3.1
1.2

-0.4
1.0
-0.6

-0.4
0.2
0.2

-0.3
-0.5
0.1

-0.2
0.2
0.2

0.0
-0.1
0.1

Table 2. Producer price index percentage changes for selected commodity groupings by Final DemandIntermediate Demand category, seasonally adjusted — Continued
[December 2023]
Commodity
code
Grouping
Group
code
Bundled wired telecommunications access services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business loans (partial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deposit services (partial)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services2. . . . .
Portfolio management2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investment banking2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential real estate rents2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Traveler accommodation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and
maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals and allied products wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and plastics products wholesaling2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hardware and building materials and supplies retailing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item
code

Unadjusted
12-month
percent
change1

Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change1

Dec. 2022
to
Dec. 2023p

July to
Aug.

Aug. to
Sept.p

Sept. to
Oct.p

Oct. to
Nov.p

Nov. to
Dec.p

37
39
39
40
40
40
41
43
45
45
50
53

5
11
2
1
2
3
11
11
3
41
1
11

3.0
9.4
12.7
10.5
5.5
7.1
3.6
4.2
3.3
3.5
8.5
-6.4

1.0
-1.7
-2.5
0.9
1.8
1.9
0.3
2.9
0.1
-2.3
1.1
-0.4

-2.9
-2.7
5.2
-0.1
-0.5
2.9
0.4
2.0
0.2
5.1
0.9
2.5

0.2
0.9
0.8
-1.9
-3.0
-0.1
0.2
-3.0
0.8
-3.4
-0.5
-2.6

-0.2
-0.8
2.8
0.4
-1.7
-0.7
0.1
1.6
0.0
0.2
1.0
1.4

1.9
-1.6
1.6
2.0
1.5
-1.6
0.0
1.5
0.1
1.7
-0.5
-4.8

55
57
57
57
57
57
58
60

1
1102
3
4
5
6
D
1

5.7
9.2
-7.8
19.0
-0.6
-1.7
7.9
2.0

0.0
2.2
1.3
-4.4
-2.8
2.7
2.3
-0.3

1.8
-0.1
1.2
-2.5
-2.4
-1.0
4.0
0.8

-0.6
0.9
0.3
7.8
4.8
0.6
0.8
-0.7

0.9
1.3
-1.8
2.8
1.1
-0.2
-1.8
1.2

0.9
0.2
1.1
1.6
-0.3
-0.2
-1.4
0.2

1

All indexes are subject to revision for 4 months after their originally scheduled publication to incorporate late reports and corrections by survey respondents. In addition, seasonally
adjusted indexes are subject to change for up to 5 years due to the recalculation of seasonal factors published each January.
Seasonal tests did not indicate the presence of seasonality. Data shown is not seasonally adjusted.
3
Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.
p Preliminary
″-″ Data not available.
NOTE: The term ″(partial)″ denotes incomplete coverage of the index category.
2

29

Table 3. Producer price indexes for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand groupings, seasonally adjusted
[December 2023, Index base Nov. 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping

Commodity
Other
code
index
Group
Item
base
code
code

Seasonally adjusted index1
Aug.
2023

Sept.
2023p

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Dec.
2023p

Final Demand
Final demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished consumer foods2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished consumer foods, crude. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished consumer foods, processed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government purchased foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foods for export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished consumer energy goods2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government purchased energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy for export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand goods less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished goods less foods and energy2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished consumer goods less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable consumer goods less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable consumer goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private capital equipment for manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private capital equipment for nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . .
Government purchased goods, excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government purchased goods excluding foods, energy, and capital
equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government purchased capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods for export, excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand trade services3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade of finished goods2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade of personal consumption goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade of private capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade of government purchased goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade of government purchased goods, excluding capital equipment. . .
Trade of government purchased capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade of exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers for final demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of private passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of government passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers for export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods for final demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of finished goods2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of personal consumption goods. . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of private capital equipment. . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of government purchased goods. . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . .
Finished services less trade, transportation, and warehousing2. . . . . . . . . . .
Finished consumer services less trade, transportation, and
warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private capital investment services less trade, transportation, and
warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government purchased services less trade, transportation, and
warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gov. purchased services less trade, transportation, and warehousing,
excl. capital investment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government purchased capital investment services less trade,
transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services for export less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction for private capital investment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction for government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD

4
41
411
4111
41113
41112
4112
4113
412
4121
4122
4123
413
4131
41311
413111
413112
41312
413121
413122
4132

142.427
143.958
148.961
263.062
237.530
264.353
153.334
149.194
150.047
234.682
161.679
141.434
140.773
248.005
275.526
357.541
191.430
212.999
228.748
208.288
136.374

143.004
145.177
149.893
264.534
229.078
266.765
155.374
150.123
154.659
241.631
166.930
147.029
141.012
248.455
276.011
358.008
191.901
213.398
229.046
208.717
136.623

142.368
143.125
149.672
264.761
221.941
267.693
156.899
147.578
144.271
223.424
159.044
144.208
141.051
248.544
276.090
358.810
191.382
213.491
229.253
208.776
136.786

142.243
142.750
150.652
266.377
264.787
265.373
156.666
149.374
140.851
218.477
155.462
138.074
141.247
249.035
276.654
359.407
191.884
213.897
229.636
209.189
136.734

142.055
142.187
149.230
264.215
247.881
264.625
155.498
146.925
139.174
219.298
146.165
127.425
141.273
248.929
276.461
359.410
191.541
213.872
229.952
209.063
136.761

FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD

41321
41322
4133
42
423
4231
42311
42312
4232
42321
42322
4233
422
4221
42211
42212
42213
4222
42221
422211
422212
42222
42223
421
4211

145.276
123.188
136.785
140.593
153.330
151.701
151.162
152.369
164.960
169.386
156.767
164.211
148.952
136.154
136.154
135.930
136.160
153.126
151.071
151.637
148.778
152.012
159.247
133.967
134.184

145.661
123.269
136.983
140.897
153.118
151.500
150.747
153.113
164.991
168.785
157.741
163.806
149.134
131.766
131.775
131.590
131.734
155.092
153.059
153.603
150.856
153.793
161.212
134.491
134.702

145.887
123.354
136.962
140.894
152.676
150.821
150.319
151.334
165.610
170.915
156.095
165.211
150.237
134.556
134.559
134.347
134.550
155.530
153.439
153.986
151.222
154.067
161.825
134.550
134.858

145.567
123.625
137.088
140.885
152.488
150.410
149.747
151.641
166.718
171.759
157.588
166.642
149.893
133.769
133.774
133.569
133.755
155.361
153.291
153.833
151.097
153.933
161.598
134.648
134.996

145.597
123.648
137.261
140.855
151.233
149.286
149.425
146.975
164.444
172.418
150.952
164.548
149.362
136.571
136.570
136.341
136.581
153.532
151.315
151.896
148.961
152.342
160.047
135.163
135.425

FD

42111

133.430

133.980

134.096

134.263

134.627

FD

42112

141.195

141.462

141.929

141.846

142.783

FD

4212

125.247

125.572

125.097

125.197

125.941

FD

42121

125.850

126.216

125.669

125.851

126.549

FD
FD
FD
FD
FD

42122
4213
43
431
432

110.590
141.633
174.767
178.944
166.978

110.314
142.483
174.863
179.053
167.044

110.900
141.750
174.291
178.398
166.647

109.817
141.254
174.039
178.070
166.555

111.188
142.755
174.171
178.304
166.472

04/10
04/10

FD
FD

49101
49102

140.155
140.419

140.736
140.966

140.034
140.356

139.889
140.247

139.740
140.123

04/10
04/10

FD
FD

49103
49104

140.032
139.795

140.286
140.077

140.269
140.069

140.304
140.098

140.224
140.084

04/10

FD

49105

140.255

140.794

140.096

139.905

139.721

00/82
00/82
00/82

00/82

00/82
00/82
00/82
00/82
00/82
00/82
00/82

Final Demand Special Groupings
Final demand less exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand less government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand less foods, food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate
consumption, and energy4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand less foods and energy4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand less foods and food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate
consumption4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

30

Table 3. Producer price indexes for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand groupings, seasonally
adjusted — Continued
[December 2023, Index base Nov. 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping
Final demand less foods4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand less trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand less distributive services5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand goods less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand goods less foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand services less trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand distributive services5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand goods plus final demand distributive services5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final demand less foods, energy, and trade services4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private and government purchased capital equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private and government purchased capital investment services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private and government purchased capital investment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total finished2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total finished less foods, food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate
consumption, and energy2, 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total finished less foods and energy2, 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total finished less foods and food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate
consumption2, 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total finished less foods2, 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total finished less energy2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished goods2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished goods less energy2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished goods, excluding foods2, 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private capital investment services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished distributive services2, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished services less trade services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished services less distributive services2, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private capital investment (goods, services, and construction). . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finished goods plus finished distributive services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods for export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services for export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total government purchases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government purchased goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government purchased services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total government purchased capital investment (goods, services, construction).. .
Government purchases, defense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government purchases, non-defense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption goods (finished consumer goods). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption goods less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption goods less foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption nondurable goods less foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption less trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption less distributive services5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption less foods, energy, and trade services3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption less foods, energy, and distributive services5. . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal consumption goods plus personal consumption distributive services5. . .

Commodity
Other
code
index
Item
base Group
code
code

Seasonally adjusted index1
Aug.
2023

Sept.
2023p

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Dec.
2023p

04/10
04/10
01/10
01/10
01/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
08/13
08/13
08/13
08/13
01/10

FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD

49106
49107
49108
49109
49111
49112
49113
49114
49115
49116
49117
49118
49119
49201

139.950
140.063
138.264
137.792
141.058
139.796
134.196
150.202
144.464
128.459
128.360
134.885
135.036
141.110

140.498
140.381
139.006
138.483
141.445
141.048
134.684
150.329
145.213
128.842
128.579
135.386
135.377
141.670

139.849
140.361
138.336
137.765
141.428
138.659
134.839
150.032
143.918
128.938
128.639
135.018
135.147
140.976

139.664
140.443
138.226
137.657
141.792
138.009
134.895
149.851
143.628
129.017
128.889
135.090
135.244
140.844

139.547
140.350
138.274
137.785
141.503
137.638
135.307
148.533
142.761
129.299
128.880
133.757
134.592
140.772

12/10
01/10

FD
FD

49202
49203

139.576
140.422

139.866
140.713

139.833
140.688

139.837
140.695

139.791
140.649

12/10
01/10
01/10
00/82
00/82
00/82
01/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
00/82
04/10
04/10
00/82
04/10
08/13
05/15
05/15
01/10
00/82
00/82
00/82
00/82
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/14
04/14
04/14
08/13

FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD
FD

49204
49205
49206
49207
49208
49209
49210
49211
49212
49213
49214
49215
49216
49301
49302
49303
49401
49402
49403
49404
49405
49406
49501
49502
49503
49504
49508
49505
49506
49507
49510
49511
49512
49509

139.354
140.755
140.827
257.192
251.193
254.981
138.964
145.069
148.501
134.022
133.350
143.160
145.838
139.993
232.268
150.868
137.743
235.211
133.677
132.326
124.591
132.112
140.558
275.952
270.675
279.497
318.065
137.500
137.323
137.039
128.856
125.642
125.581
134.273

139.897
141.300
141.147
259.616
251.918
257.649
139.265
145.613
148.567
134.510
133.757
143.550
146.569
140.477
233.264
151.235
138.548
238.035
133.908
132.469
125.686
132.723
141.157
279.261
271.594
283.565
323.737
137.763
138.171
137.849
129.100
126.076
125.956
135.001

139.154
140.562
141.131
254.829
252.043
251.555
139.243
145.234
148.029
134.731
133.970
143.306
144.928
140.345
232.464
151.563
137.736
235.197
133.727
132.242
125.069
131.881
140.361
272.340
271.738
273.649
309.624
137.796
137.287
136.918
129.132
126.236
126.109
133.208

138.963
140.373
141.187
254.116
252.837
250.231
139.206
145.295
147.659
134.835
134.087
143.399
144.543
140.364
232.398
151.662
137.456
233.607
133.953
132.403
124.572
131.723
140.178
271.136
272.764
271.252
305.931
137.745
137.202
136.835
129.117
126.375
126.261
132.685

138.952
140.363
141.077
253.825
252.176
250.433
139.157
143.966
146.455
135.184
134.565
142.713
143.879
139.941
231.130
151.664
136.565
229.539
134.156
131.730
122.803
131.293
140.246
270.728
271.707
271.595
306.582
137.893
137.366
137.075
129.232
126.614
126.589
132.353

00/82
00/82

ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6

1
11
111
1111
1112
1113
112
1121
1122
12
121
122
13
131

258.693
232.112
143.707
247.314
259.824
281.600
187.846
145.723
132.590
351.267
167.574
178.130
260.398
259.067

260.179
232.269
143.802
249.471
261.842
278.633
187.976
145.120
132.715
352.470
168.534
178.413
266.645
263.250

257.484
231.900
143.347
250.054
263.183
274.507
188.156
145.130
132.848
352.484
167.876
178.982
254.590
262.657

256.356
230.998
142.389
248.279
261.157
273.040
188.271
145.204
132.930
353.036
167.912
179.453
251.602
262.529

254.708
231.504
142.636
247.146
259.748
276.481
188.820
145.775
133.311
354.042
167.971
180.319
242.097
255.397

Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type
Processed goods
Processed goods for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials and components for manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials for manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials for food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials for nondurable manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials for durable manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Components for manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Components for nondurable manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Components for durable manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials and components for construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials for construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Components for construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed fuels and lubricants for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed fuels and lubricants to manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

00/82
00/82
00/82
00/82

00/82

00/82
00/82

See footnotes at end of table.

31

Table 3. Producer price indexes for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand groupings, seasonally
adjusted — Continued
[December 2023, Index base Nov. 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping

Processed fuels and lubricants to nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Containers for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supplies for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supplies to manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries, feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries, other than feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Commodity
Other
code
index
Item
base Group
code
code

Seasonally adjusted index1
Aug.
2023

Sept.
2023p

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Dec.
2023p

00/82
00/82
00/82
00/82
00/82
00/82
00/82

ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6

132
14
15
151
152
1521
1522

261.127
307.300
251.026
245.560
249.883
239.689
253.218

268.036
306.137
251.377
245.512
250.293
239.965
253.649

252.342
305.581
251.080
245.419
249.966
235.777
253.822

248.447
304.467
250.620
245.323
249.454
235.418
253.285

238.182
305.348
250.348
245.639
249.092
231.468
253.392

00/82
00/82
00/82
00/82
00/82

ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6

2
21
22
221
2211

253.963
223.337
265.186
334.913
309.949

262.335
228.470
275.556
352.333
326.796

257.031
221.304
271.843
345.737
320.347

250.743
219.074
262.869
328.337
303.374

239.829
213.687
248.398
305.668
281.275

00/82
00/82
00/82
00/82

ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6

2212
222
2221
2222

352.826
120.683
220.205
118.517

354.387
117.228
213.012
115.174

355.432
119.143
218.249
116.957

357.246
126.528
218.143
124.974

359.334
128.248
220.668
126.698

ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6

3
33
331
332
32
321
3211
3212
322
3221

146.312
172.449
156.850
154.131
154.390
135.993
136.136
136.037
156.431
129.560

146.616
171.535
155.493
153.814
155.263
131.655
131.714
131.708
157.793
130.720

146.669
174.602
158.522
156.327
156.154
134.411
134.528
134.458
158.511
131.080

147.137
175.640
160.019
156.728
155.876
133.634
133.733
133.682
158.280
131.155

147.697
176.263
160.501
157.364
155.962
136.404
136.557
136.447
158.115
130.134

Unprocessed goods
Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed nonfood materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel to manufacturing industries. . .
Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel to nonmanufacturing
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed fuel to manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed fuel to nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services
Services for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services for intermediate demand3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services for manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services for nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers for manufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers for nonmanufacturing industries. . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods for manufacturing industries. . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods for nonmanufacturing
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for intermediate
demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for manufacturing
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for nonmanufacturing
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12/12
12/12

12/12
12/12

ID6

3222

139.864

141.073

141.784

141.499

141.609

ID6

31

137.826

138.284

137.540

138.019

138.647

ID6

311

128.769

129.082

129.544

129.529

130.189

ID6

312

138.117

138.579

137.793

138.290

138.916

ID6

4

145.804

145.826

145.907

145.971

146.082

ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6
ID6

9111
9112
9113
9118
9115
9116
9117
9211
9212
9213
9216

260.213
244.084
261.606
254.866
255.765
163.037
146.670
269.496
205.947
276.313
434.087

261.672
245.829
267.883
255.143
255.850
163.124
147.283
282.266
219.870
279.495
431.105

258.780
245.061
255.776
254.821
255.587
165.128
146.755
278.883
215.161
274.055
431.184

257.690
243.562
252.776
254.173
255.051
165.600
146.435
269.443
202.706
273.316
435.119

256.055
241.796
243.228
254.509
255.660
165.872
145.855
253.432
184.262
269.460
436.179

ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5

4
41
411
4111
4112
4113
412
4123
4122
41221
41222
4121
42

148.939
145.773
139.188
147.375
148.898
137.953
167.690
179.644
134.714
136.159
143.351
130.043
146.610

149.297
145.506
139.012
146.134
155.745
137.875
167.120
178.450
135.168
131.733
144.792
130.976
147.132

148.800
145.672
138.641
143.821
162.034
137.740
169.076
180.995
136.501
134.549
145.922
131.288
146.364

149.018
145.848
138.467
144.508
150.352
137.541
170.416
182.887
136.578
133.754
146.176
131.342
146.734

149.351
145.943
138.497
143.809
141.931
137.760
170.728
183.160
136.359
136.580
145.345
131.904
147.168

Construction
Construction for intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type Special Groupings
Processed materials less foods and feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed foods and feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed energy goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed materials less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed materials less foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Intermediate distributive services6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processed goods plus intermediate distributive services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed materials less agricultural products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed energy materials7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed materials less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unprocessed nonfood materials less energy8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

00/82
00/82
00/82
00/82
00/82
04/10
04/10
00/82
00/82
00/82
00/82

Intermediate Demand by Production Flow
Stage 4 Intermediate Demand
Stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs to stage 4 goods producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs to stage 4 services producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

32

Table 3. Producer price indexes for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand groupings, seasonally
adjusted — Continued
[December 2023, Index base Nov. 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping

Commodity
Other
code
index
Item
base Group
code
code

Seasonally adjusted index1
Aug.
2023

Sept.
2023p

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Dec.
2023p

Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs to stage 4 construction producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5

421
4211
4212
4213
422
4223
4222
42221
42222
4221
423
43
431
4312
4313
432
4323
4322
43221
43222
4321

146.539
147.323
143.553
147.178
146.414
162.068
150.155
135.635
153.248
143.302
145.804
163.194
168.122
169.546
171.831
150.568
168.836
145.294
141.931
146.147
131.610

147.413
149.259
145.013
147.375
146.819
161.121
150.919
131.252
154.888
143.812
145.826
164.257
169.370
177.094
172.473
151.170
169.110
147.161
137.326
148.179
131.984

146.625
149.159
142.467
147.409
146.058
163.309
151.656
134.039
155.280
142.585
145.907
163.415
167.492
156.699
172.415
152.904
172.449
147.802
140.255
148.769
132.727

146.878
147.238
144.128
147.508
146.467
164.460
151.214
133.253
154.896
143.001
145.971
163.091
167.024
149.112
172.653
152.940
172.533
147.700
139.429
148.683
132.775

146.428
145.957
143.072
147.672
147.195
164.659
151.655
136.051
154.939
143.811
146.082
163.530
167.532
146.840
173.451
153.206
173.859
145.872
142.369
146.731
132.938

Stage 3 Intermediate Demand
Stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs to stage 3 goods producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs to stage 3 services producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs to stage 3 construction producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5

3
31
311
3111
3112
3113
312
3123
3122
31221
31222
3121
32
321
3211
3212
3213
322
3223
3222
32221
32222
3221
323
33
331
3313
332
3323
3322
33222
3321

146.451
154.378
149.968
164.669
141.101
148.412
160.998
167.068
148.268
144.970
148.241
134.770
139.428
134.026
157.003
139.353
135.428
140.677
197.675
160.746
104.553
161.239
132.239
145.804
141.073
134.362
171.210
167.774
172.704
114.704
121.075
125.959

147.367
155.316
151.243
168.911
146.445
148.215
160.577
165.370
149.621
140.261
149.926
135.004
140.313
137.278
156.210
144.600
135.642
140.950
197.287
161.948
104.340
162.448
132.297
145.826
142.274
134.643
171.567
170.233
175.422
115.261
121.663
125.998

146.421
154.335
149.370
164.073
147.880
147.340
163.103
169.524
150.173
143.257
150.333
135.721
139.381
131.428
156.152
134.962
135.663
141.301
199.847
163.047
104.317
163.552
132.312
145.907
142.211
133.594
170.231
171.317
176.558
115.924
122.362
126.541

145.932
153.264
147.854
159.954
143.220
147.098
163.827
170.889
150.175
142.411
150.383
135.687
139.310
128.851
157.154
130.774
135.552
141.888
200.407
162.655
104.342
163.158
133.171
145.971
142.036
133.583
170.216
170.925
176.124
116.293
122.752
126.298

145.295
152.902
147.394
157.774
136.554
147.736
163.867
171.662
148.820
145.419
148.784
136.022
138.471
122.231
155.756
119.945
135.472
142.560
201.871
163.226
104.497
163.731
133.826
146.082
141.910
133.542
170.164
170.683
175.817
116.146
122.597
126.870

Stage 2 Intermediate Demand
Stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs to stage 2 goods producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5

2
21
211
2111
2112
2113
212
2123
2122
21221
21222
2121
213

135.512
124.381
120.318
159.296
91.392
141.958
150.016
168.063
168.261
136.545
170.119
136.303
145.804

137.033
127.369
124.539
161.789
97.739
142.202
149.275
166.125
168.262
132.306
170.327
136.080
145.826

136.629
126.348
122.798
157.459
95.343
142.514
150.505
168.740
168.818
134.993
170.776
136.554
145.907

135.328
123.960
119.439
159.723
89.820
142.125
151.033
169.982
169.009
134.236
171.013
136.664
145.971

133.144
119.910
113.971
155.259
81.884
141.623
151.158
170.011
169.309
136.944
171.196
136.751
146.082

See footnotes at end of table.

33

Table 3. Producer price indexes for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand groupings, seasonally
adjusted — Continued
[December 2023, Index base Nov. 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping

Commodity
Other
code
index
Item
base Group
code
code

Seasonally adjusted index1
Aug.
2023

Sept.
2023p

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Dec.
2023p

Inputs to stage 2 services producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5

22
221
2211
2212
2213
222
2223
2222
22221
22222
2221
223

144.585
144.769
113.193
165.390
144.144
144.115
184.562
139.924
136.582
141.091
143.398
145.804

144.242
145.259
113.285
169.047
144.431
143.663
182.608
140.581
132.176
142.681
142.930
145.826

144.615
144.837
112.472
156.059
144.841
144.138
192.076
142.269
134.978
144.161
142.900
145.907

144.703
144.433
114.318
153.699
144.535
144.287
190.111
141.910
134.187
143.881
143.186
145.971

144.905
143.969
113.144
147.059
144.486
144.571
192.818
143.515
137.001
145.267
143.262
146.082

Stage 1 Intermediate Demand
Stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs to stage 1 goods producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs to stage 1 services producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation of passengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inputs to stage 1 construction producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods excluding foods and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5

1
11
111
1111
1112
1113
112
1123
1122
11221
11222
1121
113
12
121
1211
1212
1213
122
1223
1222
12221
12222
1221
123
13
131
1312
1313
132
1323
1322
13222
1321

146.091
144.052
142.312
150.057
129.533
147.725
152.722
165.740
159.313
136.133
163.246
110.454
145.804
146.142
148.586
131.915
164.456
149.359
144.441
174.947
143.535
136.052
162.823
139.890
145.804
163.132
165.120
153.146
169.258
159.292
169.189
120.403
124.542
137.696

146.549
143.732
142.174
145.972
132.247
147.567
151.871
163.945
158.456
131.708
163.285
110.887
145.826
146.905
149.816
130.764
167.857
149.648
145.003
174.429
142.947
131.630
164.192
140.716
145.826
164.401
166.090
157.297
169.860
161.303
171.242
122.163
126.362
139.167

145.971
144.248
141.955
143.580
131.682
147.796
154.519
169.140
158.260
134.523
162.344
110.418
145.907
145.637
147.266
127.250
159.015
149.936
144.281
177.004
144.201
134.443
164.758
139.397
145.907
163.931
164.952
144.876
170.065
162.469
172.812
122.337
126.542
138.905

145.864
143.570
140.738
142.255
129.021
146.914
155.376
170.392
158.342
133.729
162.642
110.765
145.971
145.879
146.807
127.972
157.541
149.923
144.817
177.949
143.752
133.649
164.442
140.026
145.971
163.791
164.832
140.699
170.433
162.280
172.586
122.181
126.381
139.459

145.506
143.234
140.023
140.484
123.598
147.495
156.125
171.371
158.712
136.554
162.398
111.165
146.082
145.595
144.520
128.036
149.697
150.118
145.377
179.171
144.353
136.473
163.937
140.508
146.082
162.989
163.828
125.986
171.068
161.968
172.862
120.294
124.428
140.251

ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5

9411
9412
9413
9414
9415
9416
9311
9312
9313
9314
9315
9316
9211
9212
9213
9214
9215
9216
9111

144.150
149.593
144.597
144.122
135.686
146.498
138.596
143.202
144.597
146.506
136.944
140.553
116.938
145.989
144.597
159.621
90.308
134.339
131.731

144.572
149.884
144.618
144.244
138.083
146.647
140.277
143.380
144.618
150.243
142.105
140.437
120.585
145.467
144.618
162.091
96.492
134.579
132.181

143.785
149.667
144.698
142.913
133.417
146.566
137.537
144.090
144.698
145.973
134.295
139.727
119.059
146.122
144.698
157.790
94.029
134.894
131.156

143.682
150.172
144.761
142.488
133.175
146.533
135.856
144.685
144.761
142.347
130.118
139.519
116.155
146.361
144.761
160.063
88.656
134.546
130.464

143.665
150.812
144.872
141.560
131.799
146.875
133.924
145.241
144.872
140.412
120.114
140.010
111.450
146.609
144.872
155.622
80.900
134.172
129.317

Intermediate Demand by Production Flow Special Groupings
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total

goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
services inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
construction inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
foods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
energy goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand. . . . . .
goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
services inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
construction inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
foods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
energy goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand. . . . . .
goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
services inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
construction inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
foods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
energy goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand. . . . . .
goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10

See footnotes at end of table.

34

Table 3. Producer price indexes for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand groupings, seasonally
adjusted — Continued
[December 2023, Index base Nov. 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping

Total
Total
Total
Total
Total

services inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
construction inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
foods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
energy goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand. . . . . .

Commodity
Other
code
index
Item
base Group
code
code
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10
04/10

ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5
ID5

1

9112
9117
9114
9115
9116

Seasonally adjusted index1
Aug.
2023

Sept.
2023p

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Dec.
2023p

146.079
144.597
140.697
144.032
126.560

146.490
144.618
136.924
147.108
126.673

146.472
144.698
134.648
141.539
126.874

147.013
144.761
133.450
139.419
126.577

147.546
144.872
131.827
132.222
126.970

All indexes are subject to revision for 4 months after their originally scheduled publication to incorporate late reports and corrections by survey respondents. In addition, seasonally
adjusted indexes are subject to change for up to 5 years due to the recalculation of seasonal factors published each January.
PPI defines Total finished as including only the personal consumption and private capital investment portions of final demand.
3
Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.
4
The PPI definition of foods does not include food and beverages for immediate consumption. PPI defines food and beverages for immediate consumption as the service of preparing
meals, snacks, and beverages to customer order for immediate on-premises and off-premises consumption.
5
Distributive services include transportation, warehousing, and trade of goods.
6
Includes intermediate trade, transportation, and warehousing services.
7
Includes crude petroleum.
8
Excludes crude petroleum.
p Preliminary
″-″ Data not available.
2

35