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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
On the Third Anniversary of President Biden’s American Rescue
Plan, Treasury Releases New Data on How State and Local Aid
Fueled National Economic Recovery
March 11, 2024

New analysis demonstrates that state and local aid fueled national economic recovery from the
COVID-19 crisis
WASHINGTON – Today, to mark the third anniversary of President Biden’s American Rescue Plan
(ARP) Act, the U.S Department of the Treasury is releasing new data illustrating that this historic
legislation supported both immediate pandemic recovery and long-term economic growth. By
stabilizing our economy and tackling longstanding challenges, the ARP catalyzed investments in
community development that will extend well beyond the deployment of federal resources, and
laid the foundation for other historic investments in our nation’s economic future, such as the
Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, CHIPS and Science Act, and Inflation Reduction Act.
“When President Biden’s American Rescue Plan passed three years ago, our country was in the
depths of a pandemic, with millions of Americans out of work,” said Secretary of the Treasury
Janet L. Yellen. “Our decisive action contributed to an economic recovery that has been
historically fast and inclusive. Today, communities nationwide continue to use resources
unlocked by President Biden’s legislation to support American workers and families. The
American Rescue Plan also laid the foundation for our long-term economic agenda, which will
fuel growth and expand opportunity for years to come.”
Following enactment of the ARP in March 2021, the Treasury Department oversaw a historic and
unprecedented provision of federal assistance to struggling Americans, including delivering
more than 150 million Economic Impact Payments within the first few weeks following the
American Rescue Plan’s passage; providing emergency rental assistance to prevent evictions
across the country; issuing the first ever monthly payments of the Child Tax Credit which
supported tens of millions of families; and rapidly distributing assistance from the State and
Local Fiscal Recovery Funds (SLFRF) program directly to communities to help local leaders
avoid service reductions including job cuts, address local needs, and support a rapid, resilient,
and equitable recovery. Today, GDP growth is strong, inflation has declined significantly, there

are four million more jobs than before the pandemic, unemployment is near historic lows,
wages are up, and wage gains have been broadly shared.
Alongside new data illustrating the status and impact of various ARP programs and initiatives,
the Treasury Department is releasing a new analysis demonstrating why strong state and local
economies are vital for a strong national economy. For instance, state and local governments
provide most of the nation’s public services, including schools, public safety, and local transit;
contribute almost 15% to the national GDP; and employ 13% of the total U.S. workforce. The
analysis found that, in the years following the Great Financial Crisis of 2007-2009, declining state
and local economies were a drag on the national economy and contributed to years of
underinvestment which affected communities across the nation. In contrast, by providing
financial support during and following the COVID-19 crisis, the Biden-Harris Administration
prevented state and local government collapse and continues to put state and local
governments in a robust position going forward, strengthening our national economy.

IN THREE YEARS, THE AMERICAN RESCUE PLAN:
Delivered direct and flexible aid to over 30,000 state, local, Tribal, and
territorial governments
Governments have used

SLFRF award funds not only to prevent cuts in government

services and respond to the immediate health and economic consequences of the
pandemic, but also to make much-needed investments to strengthen their economies and
their communities over the long-run.
To date, communities across the country have budgeted more than $12 billion for more
than 6,300 projects addressing public health needs; $18.5 billion for nearly 3,000 projects to
meet housing needs, including $7 billion committed to affordable housing development
and preservation; nearly $13 billion for more than 4,300 projects to support workers; $5
billion for over 1,500 small business assistance projects; and $32.8 billion for over 13,000
critical infrastructure projects in broadband, water, and sewer.
Over 99.9% of the $350 billion in SLFRF funds has been delivered into the hands of nearly
every state, local, Tribal, and territorial government in the country, and states and the
largest cities and counties have reported budgeting 88% of their total SLFRF funds to
specific projects.

FUNDED PROJECTS THAT WILL CONNECT OVER 2 MILLION
FAMILIES AND BUSINESSES TO AFFORDABLE, HIGHSPEED INTERNET AND HELP CLOSE THE DIGITAL DIVIDE
Through ARP’s Capital Projects Fund (CPF), Treasury has awarded more than $9.2 billion for
broadband, digital technology, and multi-purpose community center projects in all states
and the District of Columbia, which these states estimate will reach over two million
locations with improved internet access. In addition, hundreds of thousands of individuals
will be served annually by multi-purpose community facilities and digital technology
programs. An additional $78 million in CPF awards have gone to 440 Tribal governments.
In addition to the $10 billion provided by the CPF program, many governments are putting a
portion of their SLFRF awards toward meeting the Biden-Harris Administration’s goal of
connecting every American household to affordable, reliable high-speed internet. Through
September 2023, SLFRF recipients budgeted more than $8 billion in SLFRF funds.

Made over 12.3 million payments to help families avoid eviction and
helped over 450,000 families avoid foreclosure
The Emergency Rental Assistance (ERA) program – expanded and extended by the ARP – has
made over 12.3 million payments to families at risk of eviction. Research from the U.S.
General Services Administration has found that ERA funds were more likely to reach those
with the lowest incomes, and especially those who were most likely to otherwise be at risk
of eviction. Based on reported data, more than 60% of these funds have gone to
communities of color, and more than 66% have gone to female-headed households.
More than 450,000 homeowners at risk of losing their homes received assistance through
the Homeowner Assistance Fund (HAF) program. In total, $5.9 billion, more than half of all
funds available through the HAF recipients’ programs, have now been spent.
The data also show HAF recipients continue to reach a higher proportion of economically
vulnerable and traditionally underserved homeowners than previous federal mortgage
assistance efforts. Through September 2023, 55% of HAF assistance was delivered to very
low-income homeowners, 40% of homeowners assisted self-identified as Black, 20% selfidentified as Latino, and 63% self-identified as female.

Launched small business assistance programs that will aid up to 100,000

small businesses
The ARP reauthorized and funded the State Small Business Credit Initiative (SSBCI),
providing nearly $10 billion to state, Tribal, and territorial governments to expand access to
capital and invest in job-creating opportunities, with a focus on underserved communities.
The Treasury Department has announced the approval of state, territory, and Tribal
government plans corresponding to more than $8.4 billion in funding under the SSBCI
Capital Program to support small business and entrepreneurship and expand access to
capital. These resources are designed to catalyze up to $10 of private investment for every
$1 of SSBCI capital funding, and are expected to support tens of billions of dollars in new
small business financing and up to 100,000 small businesses over the next decade.
In addition to the SSBCI Capital Program, the Treasury Department has announced more
than $108 million of awards through the SSBCI Technical Assistance Grant Program, which
will provide vital aid to help small businesses become “capital ready” by preparing them to
take on loans or investment and steward capital for small business success. And in 2023, the
Treasury announced a new $75 million competitive grant program, the Investing in America
Small Business Opportunity Program, under SSBCI to support technical assistance for very
small and underserved businesses.
The Treasury Department also transferred $125 million in SSBCI funding to the Minority
Business Development Agency to support the Capital Readiness Program to help minority
and other underserved entrepreneurs grow and scale their businesses.
Programs like SSBCI are key to the Biden-Harris Administration’s strategy to strengthen the
small business creation seen since the start of this Administration by expanding access to
capital and customers, and by providing entrepreneurs the resources they need to succeed.
The Department’s work has also helped these funds reach traditionally underserved
entrepreneurs and small businesses that will ensure the small business boom grows the
economy in communities that were disproportionately harmed by the pandemic. The
United States is on track to have the three strongest years in history for new small business
applications, and Black business ownership has grown at the fastest pace in 30 years.

Delivered the largest single infusion of federal funding support to Tribal
nations in U.S. history for pandemic recovery and economic
development

The ARP included over $30 billion for Tribal governments, including $20 billion from the
SLFRF program – the largest single infusion of federal funding into Indian Country in U.S.
history. To date, Tribes have used funds for over 4,700 projects and services with public
health, housing, and infrastructure-related investments representing the biggest categories.
At the White House Tribal Nations Summit in December, the Treasury Department released
a report detailing how SLFRF, HAF, and ERA1 programs helped homeowners and renters in
Tribal communities avoid foreclosure and eviction, stabilized housing markets in Indian
Country and surrounding regions, and strengthened local and national economies.
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