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Premium Pay for Night, Weekend, and Overtime Work in Major Union Contracts Bulletin No. 1251 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Premium Pay for Night, Weekend, and Overtime Work in Major Union Contracts Bulletin No. 1251 June 1959 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. - Price 30 cents From the Monthly Labor Review of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, February 1958, March 1959, and April 1959 issu e s, with additional tables. li Preface Three significant types of extra compensation for workers provided under major collective bargaining agreements are analyzed in this bulletin— shift differ entials, premium pay for work on Saturdays, Sundays, or the sixth and seventh day of the workweek, and daily and weekly premium overtime pay. Another bulletin recently issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Paid Holiday Provisions in Major Union Contracts, 1958 (BLS Bull. 1248), included data on premium pay for work on holidays. For these studies, virtually all agreements in the United States covering 1,000 or more workers, exclusive of railroad and airline agreements, were analyzed. The study of overtime provisions covered 1,813 major agreements in effect in 1956 and 1957; the other two studies were based on provisions of 1,736 agreements in effect in 1958. Worker coverage ranged from 7,753,000 to 8,024,000, or almost half of estimated total agreement coverage in the United States, outside of the railroad and airline industries. The difference in coverage between the earlier and later studies is accounted for by declines in agreement coverage, which dropped some agreements below the 1,000 worker level, and difficulties in obtaining copies of current agreements in some c a se s. All agreements studied were part of the Bureau's file of current agreements maintained for public and governmental use under the provisions of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947* The provisions of agreements covering 1,000 or more workers, with which these studies deal, do not necessarily reflect policy in smaller collective bargaining situations or in large or small unorganized firms. These studies were undertaken in the Bureau's Division of Wages and Industrial Relations under the supervision of Harry P. Cohany. The report on shift differentials was prepared by John N. Gentry; on premium pay for weekend work, by Rose Theodore; and on hours of work and overtime provisions, by Harry P. Cohany and Dena G. Weiss. in Contents Page Shift provisions, 1958 ________________________________________________ Scope of study____________________________________________________ Shift operations___________________________________________________ Types and amounts of shift differen tials___________________________ Significant shift differential patterns _____________________________ 1 1 2 3 5 Premium pay for weekend work, 1958 __________________________________ Scope of study -------------------------------------------------------------------Saturday and Sunday not regularly scheduled -----------------------------Sixth and seventh day not regularly scheduled _____________________ Saturday and Sunday regularlyscheduled____________________________ 7 7 8 14 15 Hours of work and overtime provisions, 1956-57 _______________________ Weekly hours of work ____________________________________________ Daily hours of work_______________________________________________ Number of workdays_______________________________________________ Daily and weekly overtime ----------------------------------------------------- 17 17 20 21 21 Appendix: Shift differentials by industry_____________________________________ 27 v Premium Pay for Night, Weekend, and Overtime Work in Major Union C ontracts Shift Provisions, 1958 A l a r g e n u m b e r of establishments find it neces sary or desirable to maintain nighttime as well as daytime shifts as a normal feature of operations; many resort to extra shift operations only under conditions of exceptional product demand. Oper ation on a 24-hour basis may be necessitated by nature of the business, as in transportation, com munications, and utilities, where the public must be accommodated at all times. Some manufac turing processes, as in steel and chemicals, allow for no interruptions and thus require continuous operations. In certain industries, such as auto mobiles, costly technology may dictate high uti lization of production facilities. Many establish ments move into and out of nightwork with fluctuations in production backlogs, and a choice between scheduling a second shift and working the day shift overtime is often available. Finally, establishments which operate on a daytime schedule may employ custodial or maintenance workers at night. Collective bargaining agreements tend to cover shift operation issues, frequently in anticipation of the possibility of extra shift work in the future. An analysis 1 by the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics of 1,736 major collec tive bargaining agreements in effect in 1958 re vealed that 80 percent of the contracts, covering a like percentage of workers,2 made reference to multishift operations or nightwork. Nine out of 10 of the shift clauses provided for some form of extra compensation, that is, a shift differential, for evening or night work. The differential may be expressed as a uniform cents-per-hour addition to day shift rates (the most common type), a uniform, percentage of day shift rates, pay for more hours than actually worked, or a combina tion of money and time differentials. Shift differentials, like other supplementary wage practices, have been liberalized in recent years through collective bargaining. In 1952, according to a previous Bureau study,3 the median cents-per-hour differential (in terms of number of workers covered by agreements pro viding such differentials) amounted to 5 cents for second shift and general nightwork combined, and 7 % cents for the third shift; in 1958, as the present study shows, the medians were 8 cents and 12 cents, respectively. Percentage differ entials have tended to increase less markedly; however, the rise in day shift rates through wage increases over this period has raised the cents-perhour equivalent of all percentage differentials. Time and combined time-money differentials appeared to be more prevalent in 1958 than in 1952, particularly on third shifts. Scope of Study This summary is based upon an analysis of 1,736 collective bargaining agreements each cover ing 1,000 or more workers. Almost all agreements of this size in the United States are believed to have been included, exclusive of railroad and airline agreements.4 Of the agreements studied, 1,122 applied to 4.9 million workers in manufac turing establishments, and 614 applied to 2.8 million workers in nonmanufacturing establish ments (table 1). The approximately 7.8 million workers covered by these major agreements account for slightly less than half of all workers estimated to be covered by all collective bargain ing agreements in the United States, exclusive of railroad and airline workers. Almost all of the agreements were in effect at the beginning of 1958.5 Half were scheduled to terminate by the end of the year. 1 Detailed industry data are presented in the appendix. 2 References to number of workers in this study relate to those covered by the agreements, not to those working on late shifts. 3 See Shift Operations and Differentials in Union Contracts, 1952 (in Monthly Labor Review, November 1952, pp. 495-498). ^ The Bureau does not maintain a file of railroad and airline agreements; hence their omission from this study. 5 Four percent of the agreements expired late in 1957. Current replacements were not available prior to completion of the analysis. 2 Shift provisions were less prevalent in nonmanu facturing than in manufacturing, appearing in only about two-thirds of the agreements. How ever, in mining, crude petroleum, and natural gas production, in communications, and in utilities, over 90 percent of the agreements had such provisions. Qf the agreements referring to shift operations, 1,317 called for the payment of a shift differential, and a number included specifications for shift schedules, rotation, and so forth. Two-thirds of the agreements with shift differentials (905), Shift Operations Provisions relating to shift operations or nightwork appeared in 1,423 of the agreements studied. Only 14 expressly prohibited such operations. Nine of every 10 major manufacturing agreements contained shift provisions. In 2 manufacturing industries (apparel and leather), a majority of the agreements did not include shift provisions and 11 of the 14 agreements which specifically pro hibited shift or nightwork were in the apparel industry. Table 1. Shift provisions in major collective bargaining agreements, by industry, 1958 Provision for shift operation or nightwork Number studied No provision for shift or nightwork Workers (thou sands) Agree ments Workers (thou sands) Agree ments No provision for shift differential Workers (thou sands) Agree ments Workers (thou sands) Agree ments Industry Agree ments Prohibition of shift or nightwork Provision for shift differential Workers (thou sands) All industries.................................................... 1,736 7,753.0 1,317 5,895.7 106 326.7 14 73.5 299 1,457.1 Manufacturing........ ....................................... Ordnance____________________________ Food and kindred products...................... Tobacco manufactures_________________ Textile-mill products__________________ Apparel and other finished textile products. Lumber and wood products (except furni ture) _ ______ Furniture and fixtures. _ ______ Paper and allied products.......................... Printing, publishing, and allied industries. Chemicals and allied products __ ____ Products of petroleum and coal __ _ Rubber products_____________________ Leather and leather products Stone., clay, and glass products 1,122 10 109 12 45 47 4,916.9 24.0 363.9 33.2 116.7 473.7 971 10 87 7 37 4,123.4 24.0 321.6 21.8 91.9 43 128.3 12 70.6 96 594.7 7 2 5 1 14.5 4.8 19.9 1.9 1 1.2 11 69.4 14 3 3 35 26.6 6.6 5.0 402.5 14 17 55 36 58 24 25 22 34 123 64 143 106 144 23 11 39.2 29.0 124.9 71.7 112.7 70.7 131.9 76.9 92.1 723.1 175.6 402.9 461.0 1,314.3 55.4 24.5 8 13 50 34 54 22 21 5 32 118 60 136 102 141 23 11 25.7 19.4 111.4 68.5 106.7 55.7 95.5 9.0 86.7 714.9 166.3 383.7 450.3 1,290.9 55.4 24.5 1 2.6 3 1 4 1 3 7.7 1.2 6.1 4.5 35.4 5 4 2 1 10.9 9.6 5.8 2.0 1 4 3 5 1 1 1.4 7.2 7.8 10.1 1.5 1.8 1 1 17 1 1 1 2 3 2 10.5 1.1 68.0 4.0 1.0 1.5 9.1 9.2 21.6 614 2,836.1 346 1,772.3 63 198.5 2.9 203 862.5 16 109 75 81 14 85 29 54 148 261.1 553.6 591.7 204.7 28.2 219.2 146.0 181.0 645.5 15 30 70 63 8 42 8 23 85 259.8 110.9 579.3 154.8 16.9 116.3 54.1 69.2 407.4 1.5 1.4 1 67 5 5 5 36 14 28 41 1.3 405.7 12.4 28.8 8.5 95.7 69.3 105.3 134.1 3 5.2 2 3.7 1 1.5 Prim ary m etal industries Fabricated metal products_____________ Machinery (except electrical) _________ Electrical machinery. ___ ____ _____ Transportation equipment_____________ In stru m en ts and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries__ N onmanufacturing__________________ _____ Mining, crude petroleum, and natural-gas production_________________________ Transportation l C om m un ication s_________________________ Utilities: Electric and gas______________ Wholesale trade______________________ Retail trade. _ ____ _________ _____ Hotels and restaurants________________ Services................. .................................. Construction_______________ _____ ___ Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing indusdries______________________________ i Excludes railroads and airlines. covering a like percentage of workers, provided for fixed second and third shifts.6 Such agreements stipulated that the second and third shifts would o For purposes of classification, the regular day shift was considered the first shift, while the evening (or afternoon) and night shifts were considered as second and third shifts, respectively. 12 37.1 13 1 7 7 2 21 21.1 2.8 7.3 22.6 5.0 102.7 2 1 1 N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. begin and end at a certain time or defined the second and third shifts as work performed within specific time limits. For example: . . . the second shift will begin at 3:00 p.m. and end at 11:00 p.m. . . . the third shift will begin at 11:00 p.m. and end at 7:00 a.m. * * * 3 Any employee scheduled to report for work between 12 noon and 7:59 p.m. will be regarded as performing afternoon [second] shift work. Any employee scheduled to report for work between 8:00 p.m. and 3:59 a.m. will be regarded as performing night [third] shift work. Provisions calling for general nightwork were found in approximately a sixth of the agreements with shift differentials (228). Such clauses re ferred to “nightwork” or “night shift” operations, but did not refer specifically to second or third shifts. An additional 21 agreements provided for a second or evening shift only. Shift rotation was stipulated by 119 agreements. Of these, 22 had clauses indicating that all shift work would be on a rotating basis. The remaining 97 agreements, however, provided for a combina tion of shift rotation among certain groups of workers and fixed shift for others. Such provi sions were common in continuous-process indus tries, e.g., chemicals, and electric and gas utilities, where 7-day operations were required. An ex ample follows: S tr a ig h t d a y w o rk .—The straight day schedule will re quire 8 hours . . . from 7:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. and from 12:00 noon to 4:00 p.m. Day workers shall have regularly scheduled days off. R o ta tin g sh ift w ork .—The schedule for 3-shift rotation shall consist of 3 shifts of 8 consecutive hours per day. Shifts shall be from 7:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m., from 3:30 p.m. to 11:30 p.m., and from 11:30 p.m. to 7:30 a.m. . . . Employees assigned to shift schedules shall rotate in accordance with the applicable schedules . . . F ix e d sh ift w o rk .—The fixed shift schedule will require 8 consecutive hours of work. Such schedules will be definitely assigned with an established schedule of days off . . . A small number of agreements (44) with shift provisions were not grouped with any of the foregoing types. Almost all of these were tele phone agreements which had no set number of shifts, but provided varying differentials based upon the ending time of tours of duty. Types and Amounts of Shift Differentials Shift differentials were of three major types: Money differentials for time worked outside the first or regular day shift, expressed as a cents-perhour addition to, or as a percentage of, day shift rates; time differentials that usually provided a full day’s pay for reduced horns of work (or a proportional allowance where less than the usual number of hours were worked); and combined time and money differentials that provided for reduced hours of work plus a higher rate of pay. Money Differentials. Straight money differentials were the most prevalent type found in the study (table 2). A uniform cents-per-hour addition to first shift rates accounted for about 60 percent of the agreements with second (or general nightwork) and third shift differentials. Uniform percent additions to first shift rates appeared in 18 percent of the second shift or general nightwork provisions and in 14 percent of the third shift provisions. A small number of agreements stipulated uniform cents or percent additions for fixed shifts and varying differentials for swing or rotating shifts, or did not state a uniform premium, but provided Table 2. Types of shift differentials in major collective bargaining agreements, 1958 Type of shift differential Second shift or general nightwork Third shift Agree Workers Agree Workers ments (thou ments (thou sands) sands) 1,067 4,990.4 777 2,886.3 625 2,171.0 239 1,443.1 149 1,141.6 Total........................................................... 1,293 6,831.0 Money differentials: Uniform cents addition to first shift rates. Uniform percent addition to first shift rates................................................... Uniform cents addition for fixed shifts and variations for swing or rotating sh ifts................................................ Uniform percent addition for fixed shifts and variations for swing or rotating shifts.................................... No uniform premium specified but higher wage scales for nightwork, with premiums over first shift rates varying among occupations or by wage ranges....................................... Other money differentials 1................... Time differentials: Full day’s pay for reduced hours of work___________________________ Time and money differentials: Full day’s pay for reduced hours of work plus uniform cents differential-_ Full day’s pay for reduced hours of work plus uniform percent differen tial..................................................... Full day’s pay for reduced hours of work plus money differential (no uniform premium specified but higher wage scales for nightwork, with premiums over first shift rates varying among occupations or by wage ranges)...................................... Other time-money differentials *_____ 22 44.8 23 45.8 4 144.5 3 142.9 47 63 216.9 294.8 21 25 107.3 194.2 69 365.5 66 323.8 10 30.3 69 390.2 12 36.9 22 61.4 11 39 39.8 328.4 23 41 72.0 340.5 1 Includes agreements which provided for a flat-sum payment for work after a certain hour or between certain hours; those granting a certain per centage payment for work after or between certain hours, not to exceed a set dollar amount; those providing a shift differential of either a certain per centage per hour or cents per hour, whichever sum was greater; and those providing for varying differentials depending upon starting time of shifts. * Includes agreements with time and money differentials, in which either of the differentials, or both, may vary by occupation, ending time of shifts, length of shifts, location of duty station, or combinations of the above. N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 4 5 percent,7 8 cents, 10 percent, 10 cents, and 12 cents. For third shift work, the following order prevailed: 10 percent, 12 cents, 10 cents, and 6 cents. In general, and in particular situations (as table 4 shows), third shift differentials were higher than second shift differentials. for additions to day rates with the amount varying among occupations (or departments) or by wage ranges. Still further variations, each involving a few agreements, were found which were grouped under “ other money differentials” in table 2. The amount of shift premium, typically higher for the third than for the second shift, varied considerably among industries. Uniform centsper-hour differentials ranged from 2% cents for the second shift to 60 cents for the third shift. Per centage payments ranged from 2 to 20 percent. The variety of differentials indicated in table 3 reflects the absence of substantial interindustry influences or interindustry patterns. For second shift work, the predominant differ entials, ranked in order of worker coverage, were Table 3. Time Differentials. Time differentials appeared in about 5 percent of the agreements with shift differentials. In these cases, the worker, while actually working a shorter number of hours, usually received a wage payment equal to what he would have received for working a full day shift. For example: When or where it may be necessary to work shifts . . . the second and third shifts shall be paid at the rate of 8 hours’ pay for 7 hours’ work. Type and amount of shift differentials in major collective bargaining agreements, 1958 Second shift and general nightwork All industries Manufacturing Type and amount of shift differential Third shift Nonmanufac turing All industries Manufacturing Nonmanufac turing Work Work Work Work Work Work Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) Total............................................................................. 1,293 5,831.0 950 4,068.7 343 1,762.3 Money differentials.................. ................................. 1,152 799 Uniform cents (per hour)....................................... 36 Under 5 cents...................... ........................... 121 5 cents...................................................... ....... 91 6 cents.................. *......... *............................... 62 7 cents__________________________________ 21 7^4 eeBts_..._____________ _______________ 131 8 cents............................................................. 37 Over 8 and under 10 cents............................... 167 10 cents............................................................. 8 Over 10 and under 12 cents............................. 81 12 cents---.____*............... -.........-................. 13 Over 12 and under 15 cents.............................. 16 15 cents.................. — ..................................... 15 Over 15 cents................................................... 243 Uniform percentage............. -................................ 1 2 percent_______________________________ 61 5 percent.......................................................... 34 Over 5 and under 10 percent............................ 136 10 percent................. -.........-----.................... 11 Over 10 percent—.* .......................................... No uniform premium specified but higher wage scales for nightwork, with premiums over first shift rates varying among occupations or by 47 wage ranges.......................... ............................ 63 Other money differentials *...... -............................ 5,030.2 2 , 931.1 313.0 326.6 243.3 127.0 48.3 785.5 103.6 444.5 16.9 426.2 29.0 34.3 33.3 1, 587.6 1.2 823.6 122.5 610.7 29.7 916~ 3,993.3 658 2,348.9 26 54.8 97 269.1 188.1 71 52 109.3 36.3 17 125 772.7 82.1 28 136 358.8 7 15.5 66 390.1 10 21.0 31.9 15 19.4 8 212 1,416.8 1,036.9 582.2 258.2 57.5 55.2 17.7 12.0 12.8 21.5 85.7 1,4 36.1 8.0 2.4 13.9 171.3 1.2 13.0 2.7 148.5 5.9 Time differentials......................... -......... ......... .......... 8 hours’ pay for 7 H hours worked_____ -_______ 8 hours’ pay for 7 hours worked............................. 8 hours’ pay for 6M hours worked-*-.-..._______ Other time differentials.* . ____ ________ _______ Time and money differentials.................................... 8 hours’ pay for 7 H hours worked plus money dif ferential............................................................. 8 hours’ pay for 7 hours worked plus money differ* en tia l________ __________________________ 8 hours’ pay for 0 X A hours worked plus money dif ferential___ _______-______________________ Other combined time-money differentials2........... 835 3,635.9 232 1,354.6 715 557 1 18 18 20 6 27 44 144 8 130 82 52 57 138 3,127.5 1, 772.9 1.0 42.0 38.4 48.5 9.9 67.5 101.6 302,9 18.5 815.0 98.9 84.8 144.0 1,204.8 131 91 1 6 4 2 675.1 443.9 1.6 19.8 233.4 4.2 2 13 24 8 17 2 8 4 14 3.9 42.1 52.7 16.3 41.2 5.7 14.6 8.6 79.7 m o. 2 9.2 232.4 72,8 6 27 91 15 8.0 229.7 915.8 51.3 1 1 5 7 1.2 2.7 54.4 21.5 69.5 82.1 59 38 113 7 810.6 119.8 462.2 23.8 216.9 294.8 25 21 88.4 189.8 22 42 128.5 165.0 21 25 107.8 194,2 10 10 37,8 112.1 U 15 69 21 44 1 3 365. 5 88.0 268. 5 2.0 7.1 5 4 1 9.9 6.9 3.0 64 17 66 3 54 3 21.6 5.9 5.2 10.5 302.3 8 51 287.6 $ 323.8 5,9 292.8 10.5 14.7 9 3 1 8 355.6 81.1 265.5 2.0 7.1 57 48 6 14.7 72 435.3 29 65.5 48 369.8 155 864.0 111 486.8 44 377.2 27 79.1 21 54.7 3 10.3 42 346,0 i See footnote 1, table 2. »Includes agreements which either provided for unusual time differentials (e.g., 7 hours’ pay for 6 H hours of work), or for a variation in time differentials, or both time and money, by occupations, ending time of shifts, length of 4,990.4 846~ 3,802.6 648 2,216.8 2 2.6 24 61.8 22 271.8 52.7 22 4 9.9 29 71.4 57 143,7 168 355.6 16 34.8 856.2 147 34 104.6 60 99.3 152.6 61 152 1,284.4 1,067 236 141 10 24 20 10 4 6 9 31 1 15 3 1 7 31 1 2 1 28 4 8 10.9 a 28 96 22 S 6 24.4 16 28.8 14 22.5 2 6.3 3 10.3 28 91.6 22 59.6 6 32.0 34 335,1 46 65 333.6 410,1 42 33 328.3 76.5 32 4 5.4 333.6 shifts, location of duty Btation, or combinations of the above, N ote.—Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 5 Time differentials on both shifts were confined largely to agreements in the construction industry. Most commonly, these provisions called for the payment of 8 hours’ pay for either 7 or 7K hours of work. Time and Money Differentials. Approximately 5 percent of second shift and almost 15 percent of third shift differentials provided for a combina tion of a time allowance and premium payments. These provisions usually combined the features of two or more of the types mentioned previously, i.e., full day’s pay for reduced hours of work plus a uniform cents or percent differential, or full day’s pay for reduced hours of work plus a money 7 In the establishments covered by these agreements, a 5-percent differential would undoubtedly bring 10 cents or more per hour to a majority of workers. Table 4. Significant shift differential patterns in major collective bargaining agreements, 1958 1 Shift differential pattern C en ts Second shift: 4 cents 5 cents 5 cents 6 cents 6 cents 7 cents 7 cents 7J4 cents 8 cents 8 cents 8 cents 10 cents 10 cents 12 cents per Agree ments Workers (thousands) H our Third shift: 6 cents.................... 8 cents.................... 10 cents_____ _____ 9 cents.................... 12 cents.................... 10 cents.................... 12 cents.................... 10 cents.................... 10 cents.................... 12 cen ts.................. 16 cents.................... 10 cents.........-......... 15 cents.................... 12 cents.......... ........ 14 12 69 41 19 24 11 11 11 75 27 34 48 24 257.1 36.3 136.3 119.3 30.9 45.6 19.8 18.8 22.8 655.9 m i 82.7 82.9 91.0 Third shift: 7Y i percent............... 10 percent___ ____ 10 percent............. . 15 percent________ 10 35 49 13 31.5 627.8 314.7 36.6 Total accounted for............................ 527 2,679.7 P er c ent Second shift: 5 percent 5 percent 10 percent 10 percent of R egular R ate 7 Includes shift combinations with cent or percent differentials found in 10 or more agreements. N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. differential varying among occupations or by wage ranges. In addition, about half (39) of the second shift time-money differentials and a fourth (41) of those applying to the third shift provided differentials varying by combinations of such factors as occupation, ending time of shifts, length of shifts, or location of duty station. Many agreements that provided a money differential for second shift operations had a time-money differential on the third shift. Con sequently, the prevalence of combined time-money differentials was much higher in third shift than in second shift provisions. S e c o n d sh ift. Those employees working the shift starting at 3:30 p.m. and ending at 12:00 p.m. shall receive a bonus of 10 cents an hour. T h ir d sh ift. Those employees working the shift starting at 12:01 a.m. and ending at 7:00 a.m. shall receive 8 hours’ pay plus a 10-cent-an-hour bonus for working 6}£ hours. Industries with a significant number of agree ments containing time and money differentials included transportation equipment, communica tions, and printing. In transportation equip ment, a number of agreements in the aircraft industry provided third shift differentials of 8 hours’ pay for 6K or 7 hours of work plus a money differential (usually 8 or 10 cents). Over twothirds of the printing agreements provided third shift time-money differentials. In these, the time differential usually provided 7}i hours’ pay for 6K hours of work, or 7 hours’ pay for 6 or 6# hours of work, with a money differential of either a flat sum per week for all workers, e.g., $5, or a cents-per-hour differential which varied by occu pation. More than half the communications agreements contained time-money differentials. In this indus try, time and money differentials often appeared in the same agreement with variations in either the time or money differential, or both, depending u p s u c h factors as occupation, length of shifts, ending time of shifts, or location of duty station. Significant Shift Differential Patterns The relationship between second and third shift differentials in an establishment, or the shift differ ential pattern, is often at issue in the negotiation of shift provisions. In the present study, more than 100 different patterns were found among the 750 agreements (covering 3.2 million workers) which stipulated 2 night shifts and provided a uniform cents or per cent differential for both the second and the third shifts. Identical patterns found in 10 or more agreements are listed in table 4. 6 The most frequent pattern, appearing in 75 agreements covering about 650,000 workers, pro vided 8 cents for the second shift and 12 cents for the third. A majority of both the agreements and workers in this group were in the steel industry. Five cents for the second shift and 10 cents for the third appeared in 69 agreements, with the paper and food industries accounting for about a third of these agreements. The combination of 4 cents (second shift) and 6 cents (third shift) was stipu lated in only 14 agreements, yet covered a large number of workers (mostly in anthracite and bi tuminous coal mining). A 10-percent differential for both the second and third shifts was found in 49 agreements covering more than 300,000 workers. The electrical ma chinery industry accounted for a majority of the agreements in this category. Thirty-five agree ments with approximately 625,000 workers called for shift differentials of 5 percent and 10 percent. Over half of these were in the auto and machinery industries. 7 Premium Pay for Weekend Work, 1958 T he payment of premium rates for work per formed on Saturday and Sunday, or on the sixth and seventh days of the workweek, has become a common feature of collective bargaining agree ments. Over 90 percent of 1,736 major collective bargaining agreements studied in 1958 by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics provided time and one-half, or double time, or a variable premium, for work on one or both days outside of the normal workweek. Seventy-five percent of the agreements specified Sunday as a premium day, and 57 percent specified Saturday. Premium rates were specified for work on the sixth day in 35 percent of the contracts, and for work on the seventh day in a like propor tion. A substantial number of contracts identified both Saturday and the sixth day, and Sunday and the seventh day, as premium days. Nearly 15 percent of the agreements provided premium pay to workers for whom Sunday was a regularly scheduled workday, and a few extended this practice to regularly scheduled Saturdays. The payment of premium rates for weekend work serves as a reward to employees for work on days normally considered rest days and as a deterrent to employers in scheduling work on these days. Weekend premium pay provisions of agreements tend to liberalize legal overtime requirements in several ways. The Fair Labor Standards Act requires the payment to covered workers of time and one-half for hours in excess of 40 a week, without reference to the day on which overtine hours are worked, but premium rates for Saturday and Sunday work are commonly required under agreements regardless of the number of hours previously worked during the week. When minimum work requirements are specified, as is frequently the case where the sixth and seventh days are named as premium days, holidays and certain excused absences are often counted as time worked for premium pay eligi bility. Rates in excess of time and one-half prevail for Sunday and seventh day work, and are sometimes specified for Saturday work. Pyra miding of premium rates for weekend work on top of weekly overtime premiums is generally prohibited. Major changes in weekend premium pay prac tices since 1952, the date of the Bureau’s previous study,1 include provision for premium pay for work on Saturday as such (occurring outside of the regular workweek) in all of the major auto mobile agreements, and for Saturday and Sunday as such in the major coal mining agreements. Premium pay for regularly scheduled Sunday work (part of the regular workweek) was incorpo rated into basic steel agreements negotiated in 1956; the rates specified progressed from time and one-tenth during the first year to time and onefourth for the third year (1958). Since then, a number of agreements negotiated in related indus tries have included provisions for premium pay for regularly scheduled Sunday work. In general, the 1958 study reveals a small In crease since 1952 in the proportion of major con tracts with weekend premium pay provisions, and a somewhat greater increase in worker coverage under agreements specifying Saturday premium pay. This has been accompanied by a slight de crease in the proportion of agreements which made Saturday premium pay dependent upon the employee working a specified amount of time dur ing the week, and a more marked decrease in agreements containing minimum work require ments for sixth and seventh day premium pay. Scope of Study This study was based on 1,736 collective bar gaining agreements, each covering 1,000 or more workers, or virtually all agreements of this size in the United States, exclusive of those relating to railroads and airlines.2 The total of 7.8 million workers covered represented almost half of all the workers estimated to be under agreements in the 1 See Premium Pay for Weekend Work, 1952 (in Monthly Labor Review, September 1953, pp. 933-939). * The Bureau does not maintain a file of railroad and airline agreements, hence their omission from this study. 8 United States, exclusive of railroad and airline agreements. Of these, 5 million workers, covered by 1,122 agreements, were in manufacturing, and 614 agreements applied to 2.8 million workers in nonmanufacturing establishments. All but 713 of the 1,736 agreements were in effect during 1958. Approximately 50 percent of the agreements were scheduled to expire in 1958. Termination in 1959 was stipulated in about 35 percent. Of the remaining 209 long-term agree ments, 12 did not list a specific termination date. Contracts which provided overtime pay for work in excess of the regular daily or weekly hours, without specifying Saturday, Sunday, sixth, or seventh days, or the employee’s regular day(s) off, were not counted as providing weekend pre mium pay for purposes of this study. Although overtime pay would normally cover weekend work if the employee had worked the full basic work week or fulfilled other specified minimum work requirements, such provisions do not grant special recognition to weekend days as such.4 However, Table 1. Premium pay for weekend work not part^ of regular workweek, in major collective bargaining agreements, 1958 Agreements Premium days Workers Num Per Num Per ber ber cent (thou cent sands) clauses providing premium pay for all work “ out side the regular workweek” were interpreted as granting extra compensation for weekend work as such and were included in the study. Nine out of ten major agreements granted extra compensation for work on one or more weekend days. Provisions specifying Saturday and Sun day (not part of the regular workweek) as pre mium days, without reference to the sixth or seventh day, were most prevalent, occurring in over one-third of the contracts analyzed (table 1). Other significant provisions specified premium pay on (a) Saturday and Sunday for employees on regular schedules and on the sixth and seventh days for those on off schedules; (b) sixth and seventh days without identifying Saturday and Sunday; and (c) Sunday only. Saturday and Sunday Not Regularly Scheduled Extra compensation for work on Saturday, as such, was provided for in 987 (over one-half) of the agreements analyzed, and on Sunday in 1,300 agreements (three-fourths). A fourth of these clauses, however, exempted employees in contin uous-process operations or in certain occupational groups, such as watchmen, guards, maintenance men, and engineers, for whom Saturday or Sun day work was regularly scheduled. Instead, pre mium pay for the sixth and seventh workdays (or for their regularly scheduled days off) was provided, as in the following example: Total studied---- ------- ------------------- 1,736 100.0 7,752. 5 100.0 91.5 7,025.8 90.6 37.0 2,267.6 14.6 1,666.3 12.4 1, 072. 5 12.4 881.4 2.6 347.9 240.0 1.6 3.4 205.7 125.0 2.7 .9 68.9 58.8 1.7 1.0 44.1 30.2 .7 .5 17.7 8.5 726.7 29.3 21.5 13.8 11.4 4.5 3.1 2.7 1.6 .9 .8 .6 .4 .2 9.4 56.9 74.9 35.0 35.8 58.9 72.0 41.1 43.9 Employees, excepting employees in the powerhouse, shall be paid at the rate of one and one-half (1*4) times their respective regular straight-time rates for all time worked by them during the calendar day on a Saturday and at the rate of twice their respective regular straighttime rates for all time worked by them during the calendar day on a Sunday. . . . Powerhouse employees only shall be paid at the rate of one and one-half (1% ) times their regular straight-time rate for all time worked by them on their first regularly scheduled day off in the workweek and at a rate of twice their regular straight-time rate for all time worked by them on their second regularly scheduled day off in the workweek. 3 Includes agreements providing premium pay for work on Saturday, 6th and/or 7th day; and Saturday afternoon and/or Sunday for some workers and Sunday only for others. Also includes several beet sugar manufacturing and other food processing agreements which grant premium pay only during certain seasons for work on Saturday and/or Sunday. * Includes agreements which specifically prohibited Saturday and/or Sunday work. 8 Nonadditive. These days may be specified singly, or in combination, in one agreement. N ote : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 3 These agreements expired late in 1957 and subsequent agree ments were not available at the time of the study. 4 See section on Hours of Work and Overtime Provisions. Number with premium pay for weekend work. 1,689 Provisions for premium pay for work on— 642 Saturday and Sunday--------------253 Saturday, Sunday, 6th and 7th days.. 215 6th and 7th days-------------------216 Sunday only........................... .......... 45 Saturday, Sunday, and 7th day-----28 Saturday only------ ----------- ---59 Sunday, 6th and 7th days----------47 Sunday and 6th day----------------15 6th day only---- ----- ---- --------29 7th day only----- ---- -------------18 Sunday and 7th day..... ....................13 Saturday, Sunday, and 6th day-----9 Other combinations 1.......................... 147 No provision for premium pay 3...... .......... . Premium days specified:8 987 Saturday............ -..................................... Sunday..................... ..................... ........... 1,300 608 6th day.............. ....................----- ----622 7th d a y ................ -......... ------ -------- 4,564.8 5,584.1 3.186.6 3.405.7 9 Table 2. Premium pay for weekend work not part of regular workweek, in major collective bargaining agreements, by industry, 1958 Number studied Industry Premium pay for work on i— Saturday Sunday Sixth day Seventh day No provision for premium pay Agree Workers Agree Workers Agree Workers Agree Workers Agree Workers Agree Workers ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) All industries----- ------- ---------------- ------M anufaeturing--- --------------------------Ordnance________ _____ ______________________ Food and kindred products______________________ Tobacco manufactures____ ____________________ Textile mill products--------- ------------------Apparel and other finished textile products_________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)______ Furniture and fixtures __________________ ____ Paper and allied products____________________ ___ Printing, publishing, and allied industries__________ Chemicals and allied products____________________ Products of petroleum and coal___________________ Rubber products ____________________________ Leather and leather products__ ____ ______________ Stone, clay, and glass products___________________ Primary metal industries--------------------------Fabricated metal products______ _______________ Machinery (except electrical)_____________________ Electrical machinery______ _____ ____ ___________ Transportation equipment.. _ ____________________ Instruments and related products _ ___ _____ _ Miscellaneous manufacturing__________________ __ N onmanufaeturing___ ___ _____ ___________ Mining, crude-petroleum and natural-gas production. Transportation 3________________________________ Communications_______________________________ Utilities: Electric and gas________ ______________ Wholesale trade__________ __ __________________ Retail trade____________ ________________ ____ Hotels and restaurants.__________________________ Services-------------------------------------------Construction___________________________________ Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing________________ 1,736 7, 752.5 987 4,564.8 1,300 5,584.1 608 3,186.6 622 3,405. 7 2 147 726.7 1,122 4,916.4 723 3,154.7 859 3,404.0 426 2,374.4 466 2, 597.9 74 386.4 10 109 12 45 47 14 17 55 36 58 24 25 22 34 123 64 143 106 144 23 11 24.0 363.9 33.2 116.7 473.7 39.2 29.0 124.9 71.7 112.7 70.7 131.9 76.9 92.1 723.1 175.6 402.9 460.5 1,314.3 55.4 24.5 5 63 9 24 25 7 17 17 27 22 5 10 14 8 40 55 130 90 124 21 10 10. 7 276.0 25.5 68.1 252.0 20.6 29.0 33.8 55.4 40.4 6.0 16.6 47.7 32.1 84.9 136.4 334.3 402.9 1,209.2 50.2 23.3 7 81 11 26 9 12 16 53 33 30 8 23 11 28 62 57 136 96 129 22 9 18.6 314.9 31.0 70.4 42.9 36.1 27.3 122.2 67.2 57.8 16.5 129. 7 37.7 80.9 146.1 139.1 345.4 431.3 1,216.1 53. 6 19.8 7 44 2 23 12.8 163.5 2.8 61.6 7 6 7 9 32 18 12 6 7 72 20 55 45 48 6 16.3 11.3 10. 7 13.4 69.5 45.5 19.0 10.7 17.9 610.3 64.8 221.9 238.4 772.0 12. 4 8 49 2 24 2 5 6 8 6 44 18 7 6 13 72 21 63 45 56 11 16.2 230.5 2.8 63.5 17.0 12.3 11.3 12.6 8.9 91.2 46.4 11.2 12.0 38.4 611.1 66.3 251.9 248.9 827.4 18.6 12 1 8 22 1 23.2 2.2 20.5 221.7 2.1 2 2 2 3.1 2.7 12.8 5 1 9 23.2 1.0 22.2 2 3 4 12.5 7.5 31.9 614 2,836.1 264 1,410.1 441 2,180.1 182 812.2 156 807.8 73 340.3 16 109 76 80 14 85 29 54 148 3 261.1 553.6 592.7 203.7 28.2 219.2 146.0 181.0 645.5 5.2 4 55 6 37 8 8 3 15 128 233.5 347.2 74.0 89.2 14.6 14.9 5.5 43.9 587.5 6 66 72 54 11 60 3 29 139 1 239.6 379.2 546.4 128.7 22.5 148.2 5.5 92.4 615.3 2. 5 8 38 16 51 3 39 14 12 1 246.0 86.0 99.3 116.5 5. 7 121.8 93.2 32.0 12.0 8 38 12 56 2 18 12 9 1 246.0 192.1 75.3 131.6 4.1 60.2 61.0 25.7 12.0 4 16 4 5 5.6 109.8 46.3 33.2 10 9 14 9 2 17.3 36.7 58.6 30.3 2.7 1 See footnote 3, table 1. 2 See footnote 2, table 1. Saturday Premium Pay. Saturday premium pay provisions were more prevalent in manufacturing (64 percent) than in nonmanufacturing industries (43 percent) where 6- or 7-day operations are more frequently required (table 2). Eighty-five percent or more of the agreements in six manu facturing industries granted extra compensation for Saturday work: furniture and fixtures, fabri cated metal products, machinery (except elec trical) , electrical machinery, transportation equip ment, and instruments and related products. In nonmanufacturing, Saturday premium pay pro visions were common in construction contracts and for mining workers. In construction, 85 per cent of the contracts contained such provisions; in mining, while only a fourth of the major con tracts were involved, 90 percent of the workers, principally under the anthracite and bituminous coal agreements, were represented. 3 Excludes railroad and airline industries. N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Under all but 11 percent (113 agreements) of the Saturday premium pay provisions, premium rates were paid regardless of the amount of time worked during the week (table 3). Nine out of every ten restrictive clauses required the employee to work a full weekly schedule to qualify for premium pay (table 4). However, over twothirds of the agreements modified these restrictions by stipulating that time lost during the week for specific reasons would be counted as time worked in determining eligibility for Saturday premium pay. Excused absences included time lost because of lack of work, illness, injury on the job, official union business, voting, and, in most instances, holidays. For example, one agreement stipulated: Time and one-half will be paid for all work performed on Saturday if the employee has worked his scheduled shifts 10 Table 3. Minimum work requirements for premium pay for weekend work not part of regular workweek, in major collective bargaining agreements, by industry, 1958 Minimum work requirements for premium pay for work on— Industry Saturday Agreements Sunday Sixth day Seventh day Workers Agreements Workers Agreements Workers Agreements Workers (thousands) (thousands) (thousands) (thousands) All industries........-.......................................................... 113 517.7 87 269.4 235 1,372.6 278 1,997.7 Manufacturing........................ .............................. 96 479.6 69 229.4 190 992.8 240 1,545.7 2.4 40.9 3 19 58 108.3 18 102.4 10 78.6 2 13 8 5 4 19.3 14 35.3 2 4.5 15 2 2 2 3 3.1 2.3 4.7 5.8 1.2 15.4 9.7 16.8 19.8 226.3 7.1 2.0 3.0 1.0 5.9 2.3 3.7 7.2 6.2 21.1 2.5 17.4 33.1 19.6 4.3 10.2 4.3 3.2 2 2 3 4 1 6 4 12 6 14 4 1 1 1 4 2 2 3 3 9 2 10 6 8 2 3 2 2 39.6 17.0 1 3 26.9 22.5 4.5 3.0 6.5 14 9 9 4 5 61 9 19 8 15 1 30.2 17.0 12.6 7.2 14.3 588.8 23.2 48.2 32.0 121.3 1.9 29 12 4 4 12 63 9 27 8 19 7 57.6 33.6 7.3 8.5 34.7 593.3 23.5 72.7 35.6 485.4 10.1 Nonmanufacturing.................................................. 17 38.1 18 40.0 45 379.9 38 452.0 Mining, crude-petroleum and natural-gas production--Transportation1 . ___________________________ nrtmmnnirettmns ________________________________ Utilities: Electric and gas............................................... Wholesale trade. _________________________________ Retail trade...................................................................... TTnt.pls and restaurants _________________ Services............................................. -............................Construction _ ______________________ Miscellaneous nonmannfaotnring____________________ 1 2 1.6 2.0 1 1.6 8 17.1 1 9 4.0 21.9 2 4.0 4 8.9 1 3 1.2 12.2 2 1 2.6 1.0 6 7 6 7 2 10 3 4 242.1 18.1 41.4 16.3 4.1 24.3 25.9 7.8 6 7 3 9 2 6 4 1 242.1 124.2 18.8 25.8 4.1 15.4 20 5 1.2 Ordnance and accessories_________________ _________ Food and kindred products.............................................. Tobacco manufactures_____________________________ Textile mill products........... —........................................ Apparel and other finished textile products__ _________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)................ Furniture and fixtures_____________________________ Paper and allied products .............................................. Printing, publishing, and P.Ilied industries____________ Chemicals and allied products......................................... Products of petroleum and coal....................................... Rubber products............................................................. Leather and leather products........................................... Stone, clay, and glass products. ..................... ................ Primary metal industries................................................. Fabricated metal products............................................... Machinery (except electrical)........................................... Electrical machinery - -..................................................... Transportation equipment. ........................................... Instruments and related products.................................... Miscellaneous manufacturing_______________________ 2 3 .7 4.3 4.8 * Excludes railroad and airline industries. N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. during the workweek except for the following excusable absences: Union activities when authorized by the local union and/or its officers. Sickness—When employee’s sickness is certified by the attending physician and/or the first aid department of the company. Where scheduling, production, or mechanical difficulties prevent him from working his regular scheduled workday. Due to death in the immediate family (father, mother, wife or husband, son, daughter, brother or sister, motherin-law or father-in-law). Due to subpena from a court of record. Jury duty. Authorized vacation. A number of agreements did not list the reasons, but merely stated that “ excused absences” or “justifiable absences” would be counted as time worked: Overtime shall be paid for Saturday work to employees who have worked the previous Monday through Friday, and to employees who have been excusably absent from work during the previous Monday through Friday, but no overtime shall be paid for Saturday work to employees who the company and the union committee agree were inex cusably absent during the previous Monday through Friday. Time and one-half continued to be the prevailing rate for Saturday work, specified in four-fifths of the Saturday premium pay provisions (table 5). More than a tenth of the agreements, largely concentrated in the construction industry, granted double time. Many of the remaining Saturday provisions provided a combination of double time and time and one-half. These included provisions for double time for Saturday afternoon, or if Saturday was the seventh workday, and time and one-half in all other instances; or double time for all employees except specified groups, such as guards, maintenance men, and engineers, who were paid time and one-half. 11 In several maritime agreements, the rate of premium pay, usually a fixed sum, varied accord ing to the employee’s wage range or occupation, or whether Saturday work was required at sea or in port. Under the Pacific Maritime Association agreement with the Seafarers’ International union, extra compensation for Saturday and Sunday work at sea was incorporated in the base wages; for such work in port, the applicable overtime rate was to be paid. A few agreements in other in dustries provided different rates, varying accord ing to occupation or wage range. Other arrangements included premium pay in some instances and straight time in others—time and one-half, double time, or a fixed amount for workers on regular schedules or for Saturday afternoon only, and straight time for continuousprocess or other off-schedule workers, or for Saturday morning. Several food-processing agreements granted premium pay of time and one-half during the nonprocessing season only, and straight time during processing periods. Table 4. Sunday Premium Pay. The significance of Sun day as a holiday, as compared with Saturday, is reflected in the larger number of contracts pro viding premium pay for work on Sunday and the higher premium rates specified—most frequently double time. The prevalence of premium pay provisions for work on Sunday (not part of the regular workweek) was almost as high in non manufacturing (71 percent) as in manufacturing industries (77 percent). (See table 2.) Only 7 percent of the agreements with Sunday provisions stipulated minimum work requirements (table 4). Of the 87 agreements with such re strictions, Sunday premium pay was dependent on the employee’s having worked a full 6-day schedule in 58 agreements, and a full 5-day schedule in 13. Variations in some of the remaining 16 contracts were similar to those for Saturday pay. Other variations included provisions requiring 7 days’ work for double time on Sunday and no minimum work requirements for time and one-half; 7 days’ work for triple time and 6 days’ work for double time; work on more than two Sundays in four; and Minimum work requirements for premium pay for weekend work not part of regular workweek, in major collective bargaining agreements, by type of provision, 1958 Minimum work requirements for premium pay for work on— Saturday Provision Absences not counted as time worked Total Sixth day Excused ab sences counted as time worked Absences not counted as time worked Total Excused ab sences counted as time worked Agree Workers Agree Workers Agree Workers Agree Workers Agree Workers Agree Workers ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) Num ber with premium pay provisions . 987 4,564.8 608 3,186.6 Number with minimum work requirements............... Employee must have worked— Full weekly schedule_____________________ Some time on each of previously scheduled workdays_____________________________ Specified minimum number of hours during week (less than full schedule)____________ Other specified time______________________ 113 517.7 34 229.1 79 288.6 235 1,372.6 66 645.8 169 726.9 106 494.9 32 226.0 74 268.9 226 1,331.5 65 644.7 161 686.9 2 12.0 2 12.0 4 26.3 4 26.3 2 13 3.1 7.7 7.7 3 i2 5.9 9.0 2 2 4.8 9.0 2 3.1 3 Sunday Num ber with premium pay provisions _ Num ber with minimum work requirements Employee must have worked— Full 6-day schedule______________________ Full 6-day schedule______________________ Some time on each of the 6 scheduled workdays. Specified minimum number of hours during week (less than full schedule) _______ Other specified time______________________ 1.1 Seventh day 1,300 5,584.1 622 3,405.7 87 269.4 24 59.2 63 210.3 278 1,997.7 90 1,215.9 188 781.9 58 13 2 189.9 42.3 6.5 14 6 30.4 16.4 44 7 2 159.5 25.9 6.5 223 40 7 1,564.1 388.9 25.1 74 11 2 1,107.5 97.6 5.2 149 29 5 456.6 291.4 19.9 1 14 30.8 4 12.5 10 18.4 3 »5 5.6 14.1 3 5.6 5 14.1 1 Includes agreements which provided minimum work requirements for certain groups of workers and none for others or which varied the minimum work requirements for different groups. 1 N o te : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals, 12 Table 5. Premium rates for work on Saturday and Sunday not part of regular workweek, in major collective bargaining agreements, by industry, 1958 Premium rate paid Number with premium pay provision Industry Time and onehalf Time and onehalf in some instances; double time in others 1 Double time Premium or flat sum, varying by wage range, occupation, etc. Other* Agree Workers AgreeWorkers AgreeWorkers Agree Workers AgreeWorkers Agree Workers ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) Saturday W ork All industries_____ ____________________ ______ — M a n u f a c t u r in g ........... ........................................ Ordnance and accessories _____________________ Tobacco manufactures___________________________ Apparel and other finished textile products. _______ T.iirnhp.r and wood products (except furniture') Paper and allied products Products of petroleum and coal___________________ Rubber products_______________________________ "Leather and leather prod nets Fabricated metal products_______________________ Machinery (except electrical)_____________________ ___ Transportation equipment... , Instruments and related prodnets Miscellaneous manufacturing_____________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ___________________ _____ Mining, crude-petroleum and natural-gas production.. Transportation * Communications _. Utilities* Electric and gas ____________ Wholesale trade________________________________ Retail trade _________________________________ "Hotels and restaurants Services . ________________________ Construction ________________________________ Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing_________________ 987 4,564.8 798 3,754.7 31 139.4 109 369.4 18 81.3 31 220.1 7BS S, 164.7 66S B, 8 B 0 .7 BB 7 1 .0 B6 6 7 .6 1 S.O B1 19B.6 9 82.8 2 2 9 0 3.9 1 1 1. 7 2.3 5 90.4 5 63 9 24 25 7 17 17 27 22 5 10 14 8 40 55 130 90 124 21 10 m 4 55 6 37 8 8 3 15 128 Sunday work All industries................................................................ 1,300 M a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________________ Ordnance and accessories________________________ Food and kindred products....................................... Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products____________________________ Apparel and other finished textile products_________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)______ Furniture and fixtures _______________ Paper and allied products.._____________________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries__________ n hemicals fmd allied products __ __ Products of petroleum and coal___________ ________ Rubber products TjAftther and leather products _______________ Stone, clay, and glass products___________________ Primary metal industries ____________ Fabricated metal products _____________ Machinery (except electrical) ________________ Electrical machinery.................................................... Transportation equipm ent.__________ -__________ Instruments and related products . . . ..... ...... Miscellaneous manufacturing. _ __________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ----- ---- ----------------Mining, crude-petroleum and natural-gas production_ Transportation3 ____________ __________________ Communications_______________________________ Utilities: Electric and gas________________________ Wholesale trade . ______________ Retail trade...... —........................................................ Hotels and restaurants._________________________ Services ___________________________________ Construction.................. ..................... ..................... Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing_________________ 869 7 81 11 26 9 12 16 53 33 30 8 23 11 28 62 57 136 96 129 22 9 Ul 6 66 72 54 11 60 3 29 139 1 10.7 276.0 25.5 68.1 252.0 20.6 29.0 33.8 55.4 40.4 6.0 16.6 47.7 32.1 84.9 136.4 334.3 402.9 1,209.2 50.2 23.3 1 , 410.1 233.5 347.2 74.0 89.2 14.6 14.9 5.5 43.9 587.5 5 54 4 24 25 6 13 17 15 20 5 10 14 5 38 48 125 81 114 20 10 146 4 35 6 33 8 4 2 13 40 9 8 4 .0 233.5 258.9 74.0 79.6 14.6 5.7 4.0 41.4 222.6 5 18.3 2 4.2 1 2 2.0 5.0 4 4.6 6 18.1 2 2.6 1 1 4 3 6.4 1.0 23.1 10.9 1 6 4 2.0 11.5 5.8 6 23.1 1 3.0 9 68.4 8S SOI. 9 17 7 8 .4 2 9.0 17 78.4 1 1.0 1 1.3 1 4.4 2 4.0 2 5.7 1 1.0 6 61.4 79 287.6 1 1 2 3 2.5 1.5 2.5 16.0 5,584.1 250 1,039.7 42 228.2 s , 404.0 111 S6 B .0 BO 6S .8 20 98.6 4 5 7 5.3 29.7 16.3 15 2 10 59.1 2.8 18.8 13.0 1.0 1.2 57.3 49.8 1.5 2.3 3.5 18.6 314.9 31.0 70.4 42.9 36.1 27.3 122.2 67.2 57.8 16.5 129.7 37.7 80.9 146.1 139.1 345.4 431.3 1,216.1 53.6 19.8 B, 180.1 239.6 379.2 546.4 128.7 22.5 148.2 5.5 92.4 615.3 2.5 1 5 1 1 16 20 1 1 2 1 2.0 1S9 6 7 7 .7 3 30 50 19 4 10 1 9 121 1 Includes agreements which provided IK for Saturday morning and double time thereafter; IK for the first or first 2 Sundays worked and double time for subsequent Sundays (telephone industry); and double time, instead of IK, if Sunday was the 7th consecutive day. Also includes agreements which granted IK for certain occupations (including repair and maintenance) and double time for others. 2 Includes agreements which provided IK or double time for Saturday afternoon only, or double time instead of IK if Saturday was the 7th con 10.7 193.2 7.3 68.1 252.0 18.6 19.8 33.8 23.7 36.5 6.0 16.6 47.7 27.9 80.6 118.5 327.6 289.5 1,172.3 47.5 23.3 8.1 222.4 279.8 48.3 12.7 31.0 3.0 19.5 50.5 2.5 1 1 1 3.4 1.0 10.0 1 3.0 2 3.3 4 4 9.7 7.7 3 1 2 7.9 2.6 4.8 BB 17 4 .9 13 1 1 1 141.6 1.3 1.0 2.0 3 3 22.0 7.0 m 1 2.7 10 B 7 .6 950 4,039.3 28 103.6 30 173.5 708 B, 8 6 7 .6 4 8 .9 16 IBB. 2 1 1.3 10 29.6 1 1.2 1 1 1.5 2.8 1 3.7 1 2.7 B.4 16 7 14.9 1 3.0 6 49 11 22 4 4 16 36 30 17 3 22 10 8 38 55 132 89 127 20 9 B4B 3 19 4 33 5 39 1 16 122 15.2 184.4 31.0 65.2 13.2 9.8 27.3 58.7 61.6 34.5 3.5 128.7 36.5 13.9 88.6 134.7 335.2 336.0 1,211.4 48.9 19.8 1 ,1 8 1 .7 231.5 77.8 90.4 77.9 7.6 92.2 1.0 49.5 553.8 1 2.9 3 85.5 9 4 .7 14 6 1 .S 76.8 1 5 1 1 2.2 34.7 1.3 1.2 8.1 1.5 1.4 1.0 3 1 1 1 secutive day. Also includes agreements which provided IK, IK, IK, double time, or a flat sum for some groups or plants and compensatory time off or straight time for others; IK or double time during certain seasons only (mainly in food processing); and a few agreements which granted either triple time, 2K, or 1 % time. 3 Excludes railroad and airline industries. N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals 13 Table 6. Premium rates for work on sixth and seventh day not part of regular workweek, in major collective bargaining agreements, by industry, 1958 Premium rate paid Number with premium pay provision Industry Time and onehalf Time and onehalf in some instances; double time in others Premium or flat sum, varying by wage range, occupation, etc. Double time Other * AgreeWorkers Agree- Workers Agree- Workers Agree- Workers Agree- Workers Agree- Workers ments (thou- ments (thou- ments (thou- ments (thou- ments (thou- ments (thou sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) Sixth-Day W ork All industries. M a n u fa c t u r in g ........................................... ....... Ordnance and accessories____________ _______ ____ Food and kindred products______________________ Tobacco manufactures________ __________________ Textile mill products____________________________ Apparel and other finished textile products— ................ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)______ Furniture and fixtures---- --------- ------- -------Paper and allied products________________________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries__________ Chemicals and allied products________ _____ _____ Products of petroleum and coal___________________ Rubber products................. .................. ..................... Leather and leather products_____________________ Stone, clay, and glass products___________________ Primary metal industries________________________ Fabricated metal products_______________________ Machinery (except electrical).---- -----------------Electrical machinery___________ _________________ Transportation equipment____________ __________ Instruments and related products_________________ Miscellaneous manufacturing______________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _____ ___________________ Mining, crude-petroleum and natural-gas production._ Transportation 2........................ ....... ............ ............. Communications_______________________________ Utilities: Electric and gas________________________ Wholesale trade_________________________ _____ Retail trade........... ............ ...................... ....... ........... Hotels and restaurants_______________ ______ ____ Services...----------------------------------------Construction...______ __________________________ Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing_____________ ____ 608 3,186.6 426 7 44 2,S714 12.8 23 2 163.5 2.8 61.6 7 6 7 9 32 18 12 6 7 72 20 55 45 48 6 m g 38 16 51 3 39 14 12 1 567 2,967.1 2 5 4 7 12 31.4 23 177.9 4H 2,270.8 1 2.2 S 5.2 1 1.4 7 94.9 y 6ie 1 1 5.3 83.0 7 38 12.8 155.5 2 2.8 23 61.6 16.3 11.3 10.7 13.4 69.5 45.5 19.0 10.7 17.9 610.3 64.8 221.9 238.4 772.0 12.4 7 6 7 7 32 18 12 6 7 72 20 53 43 48 6 16.3 11.3 10. 7 9.8 69.5 45.5 19.0 10.7 17.9 610.3 64.8 215.1 153.2 772.0 12.4 812.2 163 696.4 246.0 86.0 99.3 116.5 5.7 121.8 93.2 32.0 12.0 8 34 13 45 3 26 11 12 1 246.0 78.8 80.7 105.5 5.7 84.7 51.2 32.0 12.0 Seventh-Day W ork All industries................................. ............................. 622 3,405.7 176 1,038.8 M a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________________ 466 2,597.9 89 661.6 14 27.7 4 11.3 4 4 3 9 6.0 5.2 7.9 17.6 Ordnance and accessories___ ____ _______ ____ _____ Food and kindred products______________________ Tobacco manufactures___________________________ Textile mill products____________________________ Apparel and other finished textile products_________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)------Furniture and fixtures___________________________ Paper and allied products________________________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries__________ Chemicals and allied products____________________ Products of petroleum and coal___________________ Rubber products---- -----------------------------Leather and leather products_____________________ Stone, clay, and glass products___________________ Primary metal industries________________________ Fabricated metal products_______________T_______ Machinery (except electrical)_____________________ Electrical machinery____________________________ Transportation equipment-------------------------Instruments and related products___ _____________ Miscellaneous manufacturing_____________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ____ ____________________ Mining, crude-petroleum and natural-gas production.. Transportation 2_____ _____________ ____________ Communications___ _______ _____ ______________ Utilities: Electric and gas-------------------------Wholesale trade___ ____________________________ Retail trade----- ------- -------------------------Hotels and restaurants_______________ _____ _____ Services_______________________________________ Construction__________________________________ M iscell aneous nonm anufacturin g_________________ 8 49 2 24 2 5 6 8 6 44 18 7 6 13 72 21 63 45 56 11 156 8 38 12 56 2 18 12 9 1 16.2 230.5 2.8 63.5 17.0 12.3 11.3 12.6 8.9 91.2 46.4 11.2 12.0 38.4 611.1 66.3 251.9 248.9 827.4 18.6 1 1.0 40 2 2 2 4 525.1 9.0 19.4 3.8 27.8 87 377.2 807.8 246.0 192.1 75.3 131.6 4.1 60.2 61.0 25.7 12.0 1 Includes agreements which provided time and one-half for the 6th day, or double time for the 7th day, for certain occupations only or during certain seasons only (food processing); and double time for the 7th consecutive day or if the 7th day fell on Sunday, and time and one-half otherwise. Also includes a few agreements which provided time and one-half for the 7th day for certain occupations only. 6 28 9 21 1 12 5 5 16.0 166.0 55.3 49.6 2.8 43.0 25.9 18.9 m inmin mini m m iii....... i...........i~i 1 2.2 1 1.3 2 3.7 1 1.5 1 1.5 30.0 16 83.0 * 3.0 2 1 j 2.4 3 3 4.2 18.6 5.8 7 1 19.7 5.0 6 2 17.4 37.0 4 16.1 18 145.1 9 119.5 5 19.2 1 2.0 1 2 5.3 93.0 9 25.6 4 1 2 9.4 9.2 3.0 1 1 1.0 3.0 11 2 1 3 1.3 12.7 1 421 2,193.1 368 1,816.9 8 30 2 24 2 1 6 4 2 41 9 7 5 12 32 19 60 41 52 11 3 12.7 1 2.9 1 1.3 1 8.5 1.5 53 2 5 2 32 1 2 4 4 1 16.2 183.6 2.8 63.5 17.0 1.0 11.3 6.6 3.7 83.4 28.9 11.2 11.0 36.4 86.0 57.3 227.2 152.1 799.6 18.6 376.3 230.0 13.9 10.8 77.8 1.3 5.1 18.6 6.9 12.0 4 3 1 16.1 11.1 5.0 2 Excludes railroad and airline industries. N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 14 a requirement that the employee had not refused to work on any of five regularly scheduled days. In a few agreements, the minimum work require ments were not clear, or reference was made to local supplements. Certain excused absences were counted as time worked in 63 of the 87 agreements with minimum work requirements for Sunday premium pay. Payment of double time for Sunday work was specified in almost three-fourths (950) of the con tracts with Sunday premium pay provisions; time and one-half was provided in nearly a fifth (250). (See table 5.) Of the remaining 100 agreements, 42 provided combinations of time and one-half and double time. These included telephone Table 7. Premium pay for work on Saturday and Sunday as part of regular workweek, in major collective bar gaining agreements, by industry, 1958 Premium pay for regularly scheduled work on— Industry Saturday Sunday Agree Workers Agree Workers ments (thou ments (thou sands) sands) All industries............. ......... .................... 42 194.8 249 1,530.6 Manufacturing....................... ....... 36 152.7 154 943.8 15 91.7 1 17 3.4 103.0 1 14.0 3 16.3 1 2.8 1 14 2.4 24.2 2 5 3.8 9.2 1 1.0 1 10 1 1 2.2 16.3 1.3 1.0 1 2 1.2 3.9 4 2 2 8.1 4.6 12.5 12 56 8 11 3 10 4 1 39.9 574.6 20.5 67.9 5.8 56.7 7.3 1.3 6 42.2 95 586.9 3 1 1 30.4 9.0 1.8 4 4 49 23 12.1 34.4 454.4 55.6 1 1.0 11 1 3 25.5 1.5 3.5 Ordnance and accessories___ ___ _____ Food and kindred products___ _______ Tobacco manufactures__ .. Textile mill products............................... Apparel and other finished textile products_____________ _________ ___ Lumber and wood products (except fur niture)...... ........................................... Furniture and fixtures___________ ____ Paper and allied products_____________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries.-....... ............. ......... ............. _ .. Chemicals and allied products____ ____ Products of petroleum and coal-. Rubber products..................................... Leather and leather products_________ Stone, clay, and glass products...... ......... Primary metal industries....................... Fabricated metal products................ ...... Machinery (except electrical).......... . .. Electrical machinery.............. ................. Transportation equipment____________ Instruments and related products......... . Miscellaneous manufacturing................. N onmanufactur ing...... .................. Mining, crude-petroleum and naturalgas production..................................... Transportation 1_............. ...................... Communications______ _____ ________ Utilities: Electric and gas____ _____ _ Wholesale trade..................................... Retail trade..... ................ ............... Hotels and restaurants............................ Services___________ _________ ______ Construction..... ..................................... Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing............ 1 Excludes railroad and airline industries. N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. agreements which granted time and one-half for the first two Sundays worked and double time for subsequent Sundays; agreements in other indus tries which specified double time for split shifts and for Sunday if it was the seventh day, and time and one-half in all other instances; and agreements providing double time for production workers, with time and one-half for employees on main tenance or emergency work, as in the following example: All . . . work performed on Sundays and herein listed holidays shall be paid for at the rate of double time, except that such work as may be necessary in order to facilitate the emergency arrival of material may be done on Sundays at time and one-half the hourly rate of pay for the first eight (8) hours of such work performed. This rate shall not apply to any work other than that above mentioned. A few others specified time and one-half except for maintenance men, who received double time. Another group of 28 agreements specified fixed sums or premium rates for Sunday work which varied according to wage range, occupation, or for other reasons; or premium rates for some occupa tions and a fixed sum for others. For example: Double time. Effective April 1, 1956, double the straight-time hourly rate shall be paid to all employees except box boys for all work performed on Sunday. Box boys. Effective April 1, 1956, the Sunday rate for box boys shall be $1.75 per hour for all work performed and shall be frozen at that figure for the duration of this agreement. Sixth and Seventh Day Not Regularly Scheduled Provisions for premium pay for the sixth day of the workweek were found in over a third of the agreements analyzed, covering two-fifths of the workers. The seventh workday was a premium day in almost the same proportions of agreements and workers (table 1). Almost two-thirds of these contracts also pro vided premium pay for Saturday and/or Sunday. The sixth and seventh day clauses in such in stances applied to employees on off-standard work schedules, in which Saturday or Sunday might be regular workdays. Under the remaining one-third or more agreements which specified only sixth and/or seventh day premium pay, workers on a regular Monday through Friday 15 Table 8. Premium rates for Saturday and Sunday work as part of regular workweek, in major collective bar gaining agreements, 1958 For regularly scheduled work on— Premium rate Saturday Sunday Agree Workers Agree Workers ments (thou ments (thou sands) sands) Number with provision for premium pay. 42 194.8 249 IMo times regular rate_______________IMo times regular rate................ ............ 1H times regular rate_________________ IK times regular rate.......................... .... IMo times regular rate............... -.......... 1M times regular rate....... -.................. . 2 times regular rate.................................. 1M times for first or first 2 Sundays worked; double time for second or third and subsequent consecutive Sundays _ Cents-per-hour addition____ __________ Premium or flat sum, varying by wage range, occupation, etc______________ Other..... .................................................. 1 15 9.0 91.7 1 1,530.6 1.7 4 i 74 8 15 92 10 6.5 626.3 91.7 538.8 28.5 1 1.8 11 34.9 8 10 26.9 10 <21 89.2 49.9 2 2 27.4 3.3 8 10 • 12 41.6 56.8 1 59 of these agreements, covering 590,350 workers, provided premium pay of IMo for the first year of the contract, 1H the second year, and 1 H the third year (1958). * All agreements provided premium pay of IMo for the first year of the contract, 1 H the second year, and IMo the third year (1958). 8 Premium pay ranged from 10 to 50 cents per hour. 8 Premium pay ranged from 5 to 70 cents per hour. 8 Includes agreements which provided double time for some groups and 1M or a flat sum for others; 1 H for some groups and 1H for others; and specified amounts varying according to wage range. • Includes agreements which provided premium pay of IK, 1M , or a flat sum for some occupational groups only; fo r some occupations and com pensatory time for others; 1Mfor some occupations and double time for second and subsequent Sundays worked for others; and a few agreements which paid a premium but did not clearly indicate the amount. N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. workweek would, in actual practice, receive premium pay for Saturday or Sunday work. As in the case of Saturday and Sunday, pro visions for sixth and seventh day pay were more prevalent in manufacturing than in nonmanu facturing agreements (table 2). Requirements that an employee work a speci fied number of days or hours during the work week in order to qualify for premium pay were more frequently established for the sixth and seventh day than for Saturday and Sunday. Such restrictions were found in approximately twofifths of the agreements with sixth and seventh day provisions (table 3). Nearly all (96 percent) of the agreements con taining eligibility rules required the employee to work a full weekly schedule to qualify for sixth day premium pay; 80 percent required work for a full 6-day schedule for seventh day pay (table 4). 8 Some of the clauses applied to Saturdays and Sundays occurring either outside of or within the regular workweek, and were tabulated in both categories. Under these requirements, employees would be eligible for premium pay only for the sixth or seventh consecutive days worked, rather than for the sixth or seventh day of the workweek. Other minimum work requirements included work for a full 5-day schedule for seventh day premium rate (15 percent), and work for a specified number of hours or for some portion of each previously scheduled day for sixth or seventh day premium pay. However, over two-thirds of the agreements with sixth and seventh day minimum work re quirements modified these restrictions by per mitting certain absences to be counted as time worked, for premium pay eligibility. Time and one-half was specified as the premium rate in 95 percent of the agreements with sixth day provisions (table 6). For those agreements with seventh day provisions, double time was specified in 68 percent, and time and one-half in 28 percent. Double time for the seventh day was more preva lent in manufacturing industries, accounting for nearly four-fifths of the manufacturing agreements, in contrast to one-third of nonmanufacturing. Saturday and Sunday Regularly Scheduled Provisions for premium pay for regularly scheduled work on Sunday were found in 14 per cent (249) of the 1,736 contracts analyzed, cover ing 20 percent of the workers (table 7). Saturday premium pay provisions, in contrast, were in cluded in only 42 agreements.5 The majority of these contracts were in in dustries noted for continuous-process or 7-day operations; these agreements also included pro vision for sixth and seventh day premium pay. In other industries, the clauses involved only certain occupational groups, such as maintenance men, guards, and stationary engineers, for whom Saturday or Sunday were regular workdays: Maintenance employees will be paid a bonus of fifteen (15) cents per hour on Saturday and Sunday when these days are part of their regularly scheduled forty (40) hour workweek. Of the 249 contracts with Sunday provisions, 92 provided time and one-half (table 8). Thirtyfour of these, involving 60 percent of the workers in this group, were in the telephone industry. An additional 10 agreements in this industry 16 specified time and one-half for the first, or first two Sundays worked, and double time for subsequent Sundays. Double time was also specified in 10 other agreements, principally in the paper in dustry. Another group of 21 agreements provided for payment of additional cents per hour, ranging from 10 to 50 cents. Time and one-fourth was specified in 74 con tracts, of which 47 were in the basic steel industry (accounting for almost 90 percent of the workers receiving time and one-fourth). The basic steel formula was also used in a number of other agree ments, principally in the fabricated metal prod ucts, clay refractory, utilities, and iron mining industries. Fifteen meatpacking agreements provided Sunday premium pay of one and one-tenth during the first year (1956) of the contract, one and one-fifth the second year, and one and three-tenths the third year—1958. These 15 agreements also granted premium pay for work on regularly scheduled Saturdays, for which the progression was one and one-twentieth, one and one-tenth, and for the third year, one and three-twentieths. 17 Hours of Work and Overtime Provisions, 1956-57 A is 8 - h o u r w o r k d a y and a 40-hour workweek were the predominant work schedules established through collective bargaining, according to the U. S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics analysis of 1,813 major collective bargaining contracts in effect in the latter part of 1956 and in 1957. Of the 1,508 agreements providing for standard weekly schedules, 1,266 established a 40-hour workweek. Only 126 agreements fixed the normal weekly schedule at less than 40 hours, but plant supplements to multiplant agreements (as in rubber manufactur ing) and the language of multiemployer agreements (as in men’s clothing) indicated that shorter workweeks were somewhat more frequent in major collective bargaining situations than this study revealed. Although there were noteworthy exceptions, the work schedules provided in agreements generally defined the straight-time workday or workweek. Premium pay for work in excess of 8 hours (or less in some cases) in any one day was provided by the vast majority of agreements. Virtually all agreements established a 5-day week. Scheduled hours of work, as the term is used in this study, define the number of hours which constitute the normal, standard, or regular workday or workweek. Such provisions do not guarantee the stipulated hours of work, nor do they, as a rule, fix a ceiling on the number of hours that may be worked. Hours of work provisions in agreements tend to serve two major purposes: (1) to safeguard against unilateral decisions significantly affecting work patterns and (2) to establish a framework for defining overtime. Paid time allowances for preparatory activities related to the job such as checking out tools, paid rest periods, paid washup time, where these practices are in effect,1are normally included in the standard daily or weekly schedule. Each of the agreements studied covered 1,000 or more workers, and related in total to more than 8 million workers, or almost half of all the workers estimated to be under agreements in the United States, exclusive of railroads and airlines.2 The vast majority of the 1,813 contracts studied con tained clauses which, in varying degree of detail, listed the hours to be worked per day, the number of days to be worked per week, and the total number of hours that constitute a week’s work. Among the contracts which did not list work schedules were a significant number negotiated by multiplant companies, particularly in the rub ber and transportation-equipment industries. In these instances, matters pertaining to hours of work were covered in local plant supplements (excluded from this study). On the other hand, relatively few agreements failed to define over time.3 Weekly Hours of Work Nearly 85 percent of the agreements with weekly work schedules, covering about 80 percent of the workers, provided for a 40-hour week. (See table 1.) Weekly schedules of less than 40 hours were found to apply to approximately 588,000 workers, or about 10 percent of all workers under agree ments defining weekly hours. Nearly 290,000 workers in the apparel industries, plus an addi tional 126,000 workers divided almost equally between the printing and the construction indus tries, accounted for 2 out of 3 workers in this group.4 1 See Paid Time for Washup, Cleanup, and Clothes Change, 1952-63, and Paid Rest-Period Provisions in Union Agreements, 1952-53 (in Monthly Labor Review, April 1954, pp. 420-423, and May 1954, pp. 531-535, respec tively), or Bull. 1196 (1954), pp. 14-22. * The Bureau does not maintain a file of railroad and airline agreements, hence their omission from this study. For an analysis of the characteristics of major agreements as defined in this study, see Characteristics of Major Union Contracts (in Monthly Labor Review, July 1956, pp. 805-811). * For purposes of analysis, a contract had to specify the scheduled hours of work per week. A provision for overtime after 40 hours a week was not used as a basis for assuming a 40-hour schedule. 4 For trends in the workweek in the printing and building construction industries, see Union Wages and Hours: Printing Industry, July 1, 1956, and Trend, 1907-56 (BLS Bull. 1207, 1957), which was summarized in the Monthly Labor Review, April 1957, pp. 466-471; and Union Wage Scales in the Building Trades, 1957, on pp. 171-175 of this issue. 18 T able Number studied Industry Number without provisions for weekly hours 1. Scheduled weekly hours of work in major collective Scheduled weekly hours of work Less than 35 35 Over 35 and less than 37J4 37H Agree Workers Agree Workers Agree Workers Agree Workers Agree Workers Agree Workers ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) All industries_____________________________ 1,813 8,024.6 305 2,035.0 4 20.6 77 455.4 19 58.0 26 54.3 1,187 5,074.4 ^L95 1,345.6 1 2.5 54 328.4 19 58.0 16 32.1 Ordnance and accessories___________________ Fond and kindred products Tobacco manufactures_____________________ Textile-mill products____________ _________ Apparel and other finished textile products___ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)— 14 118 12 53 54 17 28.1 384.2 33.3 128.9 488.4 44.2 4 31 1 4 12.5 84.5 2.2 5.2 3 8.0 Furniture and fixtures_____________________ Paper and allied products________ __________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries____ Chemicals and allied products___ ____-......... . Products of petroleum and coal_____________ Rubber products__________________________ Leather and leather products_______________ Stone, clay, and glass products______________ Primary metal industries___________________ Fabricated metal products_________________ Machinery (except electrical)_______________ Electrical machinery______________ ________ Transportation equipment_________________ Instruments and related products___________ Miso^llanpnns marmfartnring industries _ .... 23 54 36 60 26 23 23 40 119 68 149 114 145 27 12 37.4 124.7 70.2 127.5 78.6 130.4 78.5 120.7 720.8 187.5 410.3 473.8 1,324.1 60.1 23.4 4 16 6.9 27.4 10 7 8 24.9 29.2 104.3 13 24 2 22 9 32 3 2 46.9 71.1 9.0 110.9 17.9 776.5 6.2 2.2 626 2,950.2 110 689.5 18 264.8 7 209.0 114 76 77 14 86 30 58 149 4 587.7 571.5 201.2 26.7 254.0 161.4 187.1 689.5 6.5 41 5 3 3 11 2 18 17 3 195.0 81.6 12.8 8.5 31.1 2.8 66.2 77.4 5.3 Manufacturing______________________ NVvnmarmtorturing ....... Mining, crude-petroleum, and natural-gas pro duction. Transportation *__________________________ Communications__________________________ Utilities: electric and gas___________________ Wholesale trade___________________________ Retail trade______________________________ Hotels and restaurants_____________________ Services_________________________________ Construction_____________________________ M ifi^llanAo11^ tinnm am itontnrin g . . _. 1 3 2.5 18.1 1 15.0 2 3.1 2 6.7 2 10.0 2 40 12.8 286.1 1 1.5 2 2.8 8 20.6 15 31.5 9 10.3 3 9.0 10 22.2 7 14.0 2 1 6.8 1.4 2 2.2 23 127.1 1 30.0 5 35.0 1 16 1.1 61.0 1 3.0 2 22.0 * Contains agreements providing for 50-, 54-, and 60-hour workweeks. * Includes agreements which establish the scheduled workweek on the basis of geographical location, and some which vary hours by department. Also in this group are contracts in which the length of the workweek is optional with the employer; others in which hours are to be mutually agreed upon; and some which specify scheduled hours for some employees and make no reference to hours for others. The prevalence of shorter workweeks in major agreements is understated by these figures, as mentioned earlier. In the rubber products and men's clothing industries, where workweeks below 40 hours have been in effect for many years in certain localities, the major agreements did not explicitly establish weekly hours. The multiplant agreements negotiated by the Big Four rubber companies provided that work schedules were to be negotiated locally. An examination of local plant agreements for Akron workers revealed that all specified a 36-hour schedule, spread over 6 days. The industrywide agreement for the men's cloth ing industry contained the following provision: The regular hours of work for all employees may be 8 hours in any one day, from Monday to Friday inclu sive. . . . The 36-hour week for all manufacturing opera tions in which it has been heretofore established shall be maintained. Scheduled weekly hours in excess ox applied to only about 60,000 workers, mainly in trans portation, hotel, and service industries. Almost twice as many workers were under agreements in which scheduled hours of work were permitted to vary according to occupation and 105,000 work ers, according to seasonal requirements. In these circumstances, however, a 40-houT> week 19 b a r g a in in g agreem en ts by in d u s tr y , 1 9 5 6 - 5 7 Scheduled weekly hours of work—Continued 40 Over 40 and less than 48 48 Over 4 8 1 Vary by occu Vary by season pation Other3 Industry AgreeWorkers Agree Workers Agree Workers AgreeWorkers AgreeWorkers AgreeWorkers AgreeWorkers ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) 1,266 4,755.0 5 7.4 14 38.7 861 2,990.0 2 2.5 4 9.6 10 61 45 9 12 15.6 168.1 31.1 108.2 31.7 32.7 17 30 4 50 19 14 20 24 94 66 127 104 112 24 8 26.8 81.5 7.8 102.6 49.4 23.1 69.5 50.8 647.7 178.5 299.4 450.8 542.4 53.9 19.0 1 1.5 1 1.0 405 1,765.0 3 4.9 10 25.8 45 43 72 9 67 17 28 113 1 291.0 316.9 185.3 14.5 200.2 108.3 75.3 546.8 1.2 2 2 1 2 10 3.8 1.1 6 15.3 4.0 21 118.8 20 105.4 50 360.9 4 20.8 18 100.9 13 184.2 1 6.3 1 10.0 1 2.5 1 2.0 17 98.0 11 5.6 29.2 3 3.1 1 4 1 1 4.5 10.3 10.0 1.3 15.3 6 6 15.3 5 1 1 2 4 4 45.7 1.5 1.2 7.9 30.2 11.5 * Most of these agreements are in the food processing and packing industries. 4 The national agreement for the men’s clothing industry defines the regular workweek as 8 hours per day, 5 days a week; however, it stipulates that opera tions already on a 36-hour week shall maintain that schedule. may be standard for large groups of workers or for long periods of the year. The following excerpts from agreements in the hotel and food processing industries illustrate seasonal and occu pational variations. N o n - tip receivin g em ployees exclu sive o f d in in g room d ep artm en t em ployees. The hours of work for male and female employees shall be 40 hours per week. D in in g room d e p artm en t em ploy ees. M a le —The work week shall be 48 hours per week. . . . F e m a le —The workweek shall be 44 hours per week. B e llm en a n d doorm en . . . . The hours of work shall be 48 hours per week. * * * * * * An “ exempt” week is a workweek of not more than 48 hours at straight time in which work of preparing, or placing in containers, or cooking or freezing of perishable products is being conducted. . . . All weeks other than 3 17 1 2 1 1 All industries. Manufacturing. Ordnance and accessories. 99.9 2 4.7 Food and kindred products. Tobacco manufactures. Textile-mill products. 3 <159.2 Apparel and other finished textile products. Lumber and wood products (except furni 1.0 ture). 1 1.3 Furniture and fixtures. 5 8.8 Paper and allied products. Printing, publishing, and allied industries. Chemicals and allied products. Products of petroleum and coal. Rubber products. Leather and leather products. Stone, clay, and glass products. Primary metal industries. Fabricated metal products. Machinery (except electrical). 1 5.2 Electrical machinery. 1 5.2 Transportation equipment. Instruments and related products. Miscellaneous manufacturing industries. 4.5 2.5 2.0 37 176.8 16 11 1 64.7 78.3 1.8 4 1 4 8.4 3.0 20.7 N onmanufacturing. Mining, crude-petroleum, and natural-gas production. Transportation.* Communications. Utilities: electric and gas. Wholesale trade. Retail trade. Hotels and restaurants. Services. Construction. Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing. * Excludes railroad and airline agreements. N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily equal totals. exempt weeks shall be deemed non-exempt and shall be weeks of not more than 40 hours at straight time. Additional variations in working hours were provided for under the terms of 50 agreements covering over 360,000 workers. Included in this category is the nationwide agreement for the men's clothing industry previously mentioned. Varied weekly schedules were also found in the transportation industry. Location of work was a factor in the maritime industry, where the scheduled workweek was 40 hours in port and 56 hours at sea, and in interstate trucking agree ments, where the length of the workweek varied by State. Geographical location was also the basis for varied workweeks in some communica tion contracts. A sixth of the contracts studied contained no provisions on standard weekly hours of work. 20 T able 2. Scheduled d aily hours o f work in major collective bargaining agreements by industry , 1 9 5 6 - 6 7 Number without provisions for daily hours Scheduled work hours per day Less than 7 7 Split sh ift1 Vary by occu pation 8 7H Industry Other * Work Work Work Work Work Work Work Work Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) All industries_____________ ___ Manufacturing _ _ __ Ordnance and accessories__ _ Food and kindred products_____ Tobacco manufactures............... Textile-mill products................... Apparel and other finished tex tile products........................... Lumber and wood products (ex cept furniture).......................... Furniture and fixtures................. Paper and allied products............ Printing, publishing, and allied industries............ ........ ............ Chemicals and allied products__ Products of petroleum and coal__ Rubber products......................... Leather and leather products....... Stone, day, and glass products... Primary metal industries............. Fabricated metal products.......... Machinery (except electrical)___ Electrical machinery.................... Transportation equipment.......... Instruments and related products. Miscellaneous manufacturing in dustries..................................... 258 1,271.5 7 31.4 73 26 54.3 1,324 5,408.7 175 888.4 3 7.3 50 296.0 16 32.1 902 3,601.4 2 31 1 4 2.3 85.0 2.2 5.2 2 6.7 2 10.0 2 12.8 2 2.8 36 253.7 2 28.2 3 3 13 8.0 4.6 20.8 9 5 8 18.0 18.8 106.0 18 14 1 19 8 29 3 74.1 39.1 3.0 69.1 15.1 380.8 6.2 2 2.2 Nonmanufacturing............. 83 383.1 Mining, crude-petroleum, and natural-gas production.............. Transportation ....................... Communications......................... Utilities: electric and gas _ Wholesale trade............................ Retail trade.................................. Hotels and restaurants................. Services _. _r. _ Construction _ Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing. 2 32 5 3 4 12 1 17 4 3 3.2 165.1 72.4 12.8 9.5 33.8 1.2 64.2 15.8 5.3 1 2.5 1 1.8 423.1 48 1 20.6 3.0 4 24.1 1 15.0 3 9.1 2 2.2 23 127.1 1 30.0 5 35.0 1 16 1.1 61.0 49 10.3 3 9.0 10 22.2 7 14.0 2 1 6.8 1.4 12 76 11 44 93.0 25.8 266.1 31.1 106.5 9 31.7 13 18 36 33.7 29.1 96.3 4 50 21 14 20 22 104 67 130 105 115 24 7.8 108.4 59.8 21.4 69.5 46.6 679.7 184.5 341.2 453.6 938.1 53.9 7 17.0 422 1,807.3 14 45 43 72 8 65 21 28 125 1 27 31.6 291.4 319.4 184.2 13.5 197.7 93.5 74.8 600.2 1.2 20 303.5 78 439.5 4 12.5 37 236.9 1 6.3 6 10.1 1 1.7 7 •174.8 1 1 27 93.0 22 2 53.7 16.4 2 1 21.2 1.8 2.5 1 4 1.3 5.9 15 1 31.5 1.1 1 1 5.2 5.2 2.0 16 291.0 1 200.0 5 1 1 2 2 4 45.7 2.5 1.2 7.9 22.2 11.5 1 2.0 41 202.7 14 9 1 1 7 2 6 1 62. e 68.7 1.8 2.5 14.7 16.6 32.5 3.5 1 Includes 22 transportation agreements, 19 of which provide that daily scheduled hours are to be worked within spread-time ranging from 10 to 13 hours, and 3 in which specified percentages of employees are required to complete their runs within different spread limits. 2 Includes 5 agreements in transportation and services, 4 of which provide for an 8H- or 9-hour day, and 1 in which the day is to consist of “not more than 9 hours of straight time”; 15 agreements in the printing industry which provide for 7 H-hour workdays; agreements in the food processing and pack ing industries which detail 8-hour workdays during the nonprocessing season, but make no reference to hours of work during the processing season; mari time agreements in which length of working days depends on whether the employees are on port or sea duty; agreements which vary hours of work by city, area, department, and sex; and contracts which designate specific hours for 1 group and make no reference to hours for others. 2 See footnote 4, table 1. 4 15 agreements providing for a 7H-hour day are classified as “other/ * Excludes railroad and airline agreements. N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily equal totals. Reference has already been made to the existence of master agreements which leave the determina tion of work schedules to local negotiations. However, as indicated later in this article (table 5), many agreements without provisions for weekly hours contained weekly overtime clauses. It is reasonable to assume that in many instances the overtime provisions also were intended as defini tions of the standard hours of work. Daily Hours of Work * As previously explained, this study understates the prevalence of the short workday in the rubber and men's clothing industries. An 8-hour day was the standard in 85 percent of the agreements which specified daily schedules (table 2). Nearly half of the workers under a less than 8-hour schedule were employed in the ladies’ garment industry under a 7-hour day schedule. A 6-hour day applied to Pacific Coast longshoremen.5 Included in a retail trade agreement was a provision in which the hours differed daily, i. e., a scheduled 45-hour week was divided into 8-, 8%-, 21 and 9%-hour days, varying by the day to be worked. Daily hours of work based on type of store were provided for in an areawide retail trade agreement. In a number of States, a maximum limit on the hours of work of women and minors is established by law. Such restrictions were reflected in agreements which specified shorter daily hours for women, or specified that daily hours for such workers were to be in accordance with State law. No agreement in the survey provided for less than 5 workdays. Seasonal variations were again encountered in the food processing industry, and sea or port duty determined schedules for mari time personnel. A tour of duty which may extend over 4 full days and 2 half days was prescribed in a considerable number of telephone agreements. Daily and Weekly Overtime Number of Workdays Pay at the rate of time and one-half for work in excess of 40 hours a week is required by the Fair Labor Standards Act for employees engaged in interstate commerce or in the production of goods for such commerce. Of more limited Five out of six agreements designated the number of scheduled workdays within the work week (table 3). The 5-day week was the normal schedule in almost 95 percent of these agreements. T a b l e 3. S ch ed u led w o rk d ay s p e r week in m a jo r collective b a r g a in in g agreem en ts by in d u s tr y , 1 9 5 6 —5 7 Number studied Number with out provisions for weekly workdays Scheduled number of workdays per week 5 Varies by occupation 6 Industry Other» Work Work Work AgreeWorkers Agree Workers Agree Workers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) All industries..... ............................................................. 1,813 8,024.6 297 1,926.5 1,408 5,547.6 18 39.8 13 51.1 77 459.7 Manufacturing. ...................................................... 1,187 5,074.4 196 1,336.4 959 3,614.6 5 13.4 2 3.7 25 106.5 Ordnance and accessories___________________________ Food and kindred products—_____ __________________ Tobacco manufactures____ _______ _________________ Textile-mill products. . . _______ _______ _____ ______ Apparel and other finished textile products___________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)_________ Furniture and fixtures_____________ _____ ______ ___ Paper and allied products_____ _____________________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries____________ Chemicals and allied products_______________ ____ ___ Products of petroleum and coal______________________ Rubber products________ _________________________ Leather and leather products ______________________ Stone, clay, and glass products____________ ________ Primary metal industries___________________________ Fabricated metal products_________________________ Machinerv (except electrical)_______________________ Electrical machinery__ __________________________ Transportation equipment__________________________ Instruments and related products____________________ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries______________ 14 118 12 53 54 17 23 54 36 60 26 23 23 40 119 68 149 114 145 27 12 28.1 384.2 33.3 128.9 488.4 44.2 37.4 124.7 70.2 127.5 78.6 130.4 78.5 120. 7 720.8 187.5 410.3 473.8 1,324.1 60.1 23.4 5 30 1 4 1 3 3 18 13.5 88.0 2.2 5.2 2.2 8.0 5.6 31.9 3.0 15 92.5 1 1.7 1 1 7 1.0 1.3 9.8 18.7 29.2 108.6 18 21 2 22 9 30 3 2 74.1 67.1 9.0 94.2 17.9 752.8 6.2 2.2 14.6 200.7 31.1 122.1 486.2 35.2 30.5 75.7 70.2 108.8 49.4 18.8 78.5 46. 6 651.7 178.5 316.1 455.9 571.3 53.9 19.2 1 8 7 9 9 72 11 48 53 13 19 26 36 52 19 13 23 22 97 66 127 105 115 24 9 N onmanufacturing.................................................. 626 2,950.2 101 590.1 449 1,933.1 Mining, crude-petroleum, and natural-gas production___ Transportation 2________________________ _________ Communications__________________________________ Utilities: electric and gas___________________________ Wholesale trade_____________________________ _____ Retail trade................... ................................................... Hotels and restaurants________________________ ____ Services...... ....... .................. ................... ...................... Construction_____________________ ________________ Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing....................... ............. 18 114 76 77 14 86 30 58 149 4 264.8 587.7 571. 5 201.2 26.7 254.0 161.4 187.1 689.5 6.5 7 35 4 2 4 11 2 16 17 3 209.0 178.3 10.9 10.3 11.0 29.9 2.8 55.5 77.4 5.3 11 61 39 73 9 71 19 34 131 1 55.8 346.1 297.4 187.0 14.7 212.3 115.1 92.9 610.8 1.2 * Includes agreements In the food processing and packing industry in which the number of weekly workdays varies by season; agreements in the maritime industry which base number of days on sea or port duty; and other transpor tation contracts where the number of days are not specified. Also in this group are communications agreements which provide for weekly tours of 5 days or the equivalent thereof (4 full days and 2 half days), and agreements in which the number of weekly workdays are to be mutually agreed upon. 3 7.4 1 3.0 13 26.5 5 7.4 1 1 4 1 1 1.0 4.5 10.3 2.0 1.3 1 2.0 11 47.5 2 4.0 2 4 3 5.8 3a 2 7.5 1 2.0 52 353.2 13 33 56.1 263.3 1 1 4 1.5 3.0 29.3 9 Excludes railroad and airline agreements. N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily equal totals. 22 T a b l e 4. Number studied Industry Overtim e p re m iu m p a y p ro v isio n s i n m a jo r Daily overtime only Number without over time provisions After less than For work out 8 hours * After 8 hours side daily schedule 8 Weekly overtime only After 40 hours Other * Work Work Work Work Work Work Work Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers A greeers Agree ers ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) All industries...................... ............ 1,813 8,024.6 106 412.1 29 201.9 279 1,467.9 233 956.8 34 93.5 Manufacturing....................... 1,187 5,074.4 35 155.2 25 177.4 187 1,113.6 106 451.0 13 23.9 14 118 12 53 28.1 384.2 33.3 128.9 7 14.0 1 8.0 1 1.5 4 9 6 2 8.4 23.2 14.2 6.3 3 2 i 7.0 10.1 7.0 2 1 2 3.4 2.2 2.7 54 488.4 4 67.5 22 167.1 17 23 54 44.2 37.4 124.7 2 4.5 2 2.5 70.2 127.5 78.6 130.4 78.5 120.7 720.8 187.5 410.3 473.8 1,324.1 60.1 1 1 2 1.0 1.1 11.7 1 2.5 Ordnance and accessories................. Food and kindred products............. Tobacco manufactures..................... Textile-mill products____________ Apparel and other finished textile products_____________________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)..... ............ ................... Furniture and fixtures.................... Paper and allied products________ Printing, publishing, and allied in dustries______________ _______ Chemicals and allied products_____ Products of petroleum and coal____ Rubber products............................ Leather and leather products______ Stone, clay, and glass products____ Primary metal industries............. . Fabricated metal products________ Machinery (except electrical) .......... Electrical machinery....................... Transportation equipment________ Instruments and related products. Miscellaneous manufacturing in dustries____ _________________ N onmanufacturing............ . Mining, crude-petroleum, and nat ural-gas production ..................... Transportation •........ ....... ............. Communications............................. Utilities: electric and gas............... Wholesale trade_________________ Retail trade........... .......................... Hotels and restaurants..................... Services_____________ ______ ___ Construction................... ............... Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing__ 36 60 26 23 23 40 119 68 149 114 145 27 2 1 4 5 2 2.4 6.0 2.5 9.9 28.4 12 23.4 2 2.2 626 2,950.2 71 256.9 4 24.5 18 114 76 77 14 86 30 58 149 4 264.8 587.7 571.5 201.2 26.7 254.1 161.4 187.1 689.5 6.5 1 21 1 2 1.3 85.8 18.5 9.5 1 1 15.0 2.4 4 4 16 20 2 7.4 19.3 54.0 57.9 3.3 2 7.1 3 8.8 10 181.6 2 4.4 2 5 4 12.0 8.0 9.4 4 2 10.1 4.1 1 1.5 1 6 1 1 4 6 15 15 28 39 29 6 1.6 11.1 4.6 4.0 23.5 33.3 31.2 62.1 108.1 200.8 533.1 8.4 27 2 3 56.4 2.8 5.7 3 1 2 8 10 15 11 12.0 1.4 3.2 19.2 55.9 36.1 36.4 1 1.1 2 2.1 1 3.0 4 5.3 1 1.8 2 2.2 1 3.5 92 354.3 127 505.8 21 69.7 4 5.3 1 25 2 7 4 8 5 4 36 1.1 78.0 27.0 11.3 6.5 20.0 23.4 6.4 180.9 18 10 22 1 9 2 4 61 80.3 76.2 46.7 1.2 21.4 5.5 13.6 260.9 3 5 1 3.0 15.8 2.7 2 1 2.2 1.7 7 33.1 4 1 10.6 4.5 1 1.4 1 Agreements provide for premium pay after completion of 6-, 7-, and 7Mhour workdays. Included in this group are 22 agreements in the garment industry providing for 7-hour workdays. In 12 of these, daily premium pay starts upon completion of one-half hour overtime at straight pay. * “ Work outside daily schedule” refers to any time worked before or after the daily scheduled (clock) hours. * Agreements provide for premium pay for time worked Id excess of 3 7 H f 45, and 48 hours; also included is a hospital agreement providing for com pensatory time after working more than 80 hours within a 2-week period, or for premium pay, at the employer’s option. 4 Agreements provide for premium pay after 8 or 48, 9 or 45, and after 10 or 40 hours. Also included is an agreement providing for premium pay after a 48-hour week but basing daily overtime on sex. This group also includes 3 agreements which provide premium pay after 8H and 9 hours daily. application, the Public Contracts (Walsh-Healey) Act of 1936, which applies to work performed on United States Government contracts in excess of $10,000, also calls for time and one-half rates for work in excess of 8 hours a day. Relatively few of the major agreements studied did not liberalize the overtime pay requirements of the Fair Labor Standards Act (table 4). The chief methods, as revealed by this study, provided for daily overtime rates or premium overtime rates for all work outside of the normal schedule. In addition, union agreements frequently* define “ hours worked” for overtime pay purposes more liberally than the law requires (for example, by counting holidays as working time). Another common practice, but not covered in this study, is the payment of premium overtime rates for all work performed on Saturday or Sunday.6 Notwithstanding the Federal requirements, all but 106 of the 1,813 agreements studied contained specific provisions covering overtime payments. With few exceptions, the agreements provided for «See Premium Pay for Weekend Work, 1952 (in Monthly Labor Review, September 1953, pp. 933-939). Another study on premium pay provisions for Saturday and Sunday and the 6th and 7th day in the workweek is currently in progress. 23 collective b a r g a in in g agreem en ts by in d u s tr y , 1 9 5 6 - 5 7 Daily and weekly overtime After 7 or 35 hours After 7 H or 3 7 ^ hours After 8 or 40 hours Overtime varies by— Other» Other * Occupation Season Industry Work Work Work Work Work Work Work Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments ( thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) 13 76.0 6 10.4 990 3,969.3 19 02.0 32 342.9 18 102.6 50 324.4 8 33.1 4 5.6 769 2,941.3 5 9.0 7 26.4 17 100.1 11 38.2 10 71 3 45 19.7 205.6 6.8 104.7 2 2.2 2 7.5 1 1.5 1 12.0 2 6.7 1 2.0 1 5.8 1 1.0 3 17.5 2 5 1 1 3 3.1 42.9 1 1.1 1 1.5 2 4.8 30.0 1.1 11.9 1 3.0 1 1.8 3 7.8 12 13 43 26.7 16.8 104.6 1 51 20 22 13 33 99 43 109 56 96 20 1.0 112.5 56.6 126.4 37.9 86.0 682.3 100.3 242.6 227.0 713.7 49.1 6 13.7 221 1,028.0 13 21 43 42 8 43 8 17 25 1 30.7 182.9 261.1 125.0 16.5 128.4 64.3 55.0 162.9 1.2 1 1.6 1 3.7 14 53.1 1 2.5 1 2.0 1 1.2 1 1.2 25 316.5 5 18.9 1 1 7 2 200.0 1.2 76.6 4.3 2 3 4 7.9 4.3 22.0 6 3 4 10.6 10.4 11.5 1 2.0 16 99.1 1 1.0 1 1 2.5 2.5 2 5.6 5 20.3 1 1.2 2 1 8.4 2.7 39 286.3 1 17 5 1 1.7 120.5 89.3 1.8 7 4 3 1 25.2 32.5 11.8 3.5 All industries. Manufacturing. Ordnance and accessories. Food and kindred products. Tobacco manufactures. Textile- mill products. Apparel and other finished textile products. Lumber and wood products (ex cept furniture). Furniture and fixtures. Paper and allied products. Printing, publishing, and allied in dustries. Chemicals and allied products. Products of petroleum and coal. Rubber products. Leath er and leather products. Stone, clay, and glass products. Primary metal industries. Fabricated metal products. Machinery (except electrical). Electrical machinery. Transportation equipment. Instruments and related products. Miscellaneous manufacturing in dustries. Nonmanufacturing. Mining, crude-petroleum and nat ural-gas production. Transportation.® Communication. Utilities: electric and gas. Wholesale trade. Retail trade. Hotels and restaurants. Services. Construction. Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing. * Includes some agreements In the garment Industry in which overtime pro visions for pieceworkers and for hourly workers differ. In other agreements, premium pay was based on salary, the sex of the employee, or the location of the work performed. In some instances, premium pay applied to some groups of employees, and no reference was made to other groups receiving such payments. 6Excludes railroad and airline agreements. N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily equal totals. premium rates for work in excess of 8 hours (or less in some cases) in any one day. On a 5-day week schedule, daily overtime, perhaps with provisions for premium pay for Saturday and Sunday, normally governs weekly overtime as well; thus, many agreements contained no reference to weekly overtime (in terms of number of hours).7 Provisions for overtime pay for hours less than 8 per day or 40 per week were relatively uncommon. One out of 8 agreements, distributed widely among manufacturing and nonmanufacturing in dustries, provided premium rates for all work per formed outside of regularly scheduled hours, re gardless of the number of hours previously worked. About 3 out of 4 major agreements in the printing industry fell in this category, as did a significant number of agreements in the con struction and apparel industries. Overtime exemptions for seasonal workers, as permitted under the Fair Labor Standards Act,8 7 Pyramiding of overtime, that is, paying for daily as well as weekly over time hours, is generally prohibited. • The Fair Labor Standards Act provides for both minimum wage and over time exemptions. Among the workers exempt are those engaged in specified handling and processing activities of agricultural commodities within “ the area of production.” The Administrator of the Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divisions may also grant a 14-week overtime exemption for em ployees in any seasonal industry. 24 were incorporated in 16 agreements in the food processing industry, as in the following example: the run determined the hours after which overtime was to be paid. In addition, different eligibility requirements were set forth for local delivery and over-the-road drivers. Contracts in the maritime industry specified different overtime provisions for port or sea duty. As a rule, scheduled weekly hours are identical with the hours after which overtime is to be paid. However, a few agreements scheduling a less than 40-hour week provided for overtime only after 40 hours have been worked (table 5). Several contracts providing a schedule of more than 40 hours started overtime compensation after 8 hours daily or 40 hours weekly. In these The company, being engaged in canning fresh fruits and vegetables at certain times of the year, is exempted from the overtime provisions of this agreement as follows: (a) For a period of 14 weeks in canning perishable fruits and vegetables. (b) Exempt from the overtime provisions of this agree ment up to 12 hours in any one workday and up to 56 hours in any one wTorkweek for an additional period of 14 weeks when such work is directly related to the processing of perishable fruits and vegetables. In a number of trucking agreements, the over time provisions in effect at the starting point of T a b l e 5. , R elation of overtime prem ium p ay provisions to scheduled weekly hours of work in major collective bargaining agreements 1 9 5 6 - 5 7 Number studied Number without overtime provisions Scheduled weekly hours of work Daily overtime only After less than 8 hours After 8 hours Weekly overtime only For work outside After 40 hours daily schedule Other 1 Work Work Work Work Work Work Work Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) Total................................................. 1,813 8,024.6 106 412.1 29 201.9 Weekly hours not specified________ Less than 35 hmirs 35 hours________________________ Over 35 and less than 3 7\4 hours___ 37H hours.......... ............ ......1_____ 40 hours________________________ Over 40 and less than 48 hours_____ 48 hours________________________ Ovftr 48 hnnrs Other8_________________________ 305 2,035.0 4 20.6 455.4 77 19 58.0 26 54.3 1,266 4,755.0 7.4 5 14 38.7 6 15.3 585.1 91 59 1 6 225.7 2.5 63.9 1 1 23 6.0 15.0 168.2 279 1,467.9 43 545.3 2 2.6 1 32 1 1 3 2 1.6 88.7 1.1 6.0 11.3 12.0 4 12.8 2 222 1 4 7.5 882.5 1.5 8.5 5 20.1 Daily and weekly overtime After 7 or 35 hours After 7 \4 o r 3714 hours After 8 or 40 hours 233 956.8 34 93.5 16 2 21 14 7 161 91.7 3.1 76.1 27.8 10.1 554.0 6 22.6 1 3.0 11 191.2 1 1.4 1 19 1.4 59.2 1 2 4 1.0 2.0 5.8 Overtime varies by Other8 Occupation 4 5.3 1 1 1 1 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.0 Other overtime provisions 4 Season Work Work Work Work Work Work Work Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) Total................................................. Weekly hours not specified............... Less than 35 hours............... ....... . 35 hours________________________ Over 35 and less than 37H hours___ 3 7 \4 hours_______________________ 40 hours________________________ Over 40 and less than 48 hours_____ 48 hours________________________ Over 48 hours___________________ Other 4_ ............................. ............. 13 76.0 6 10.4 152 13 76.0 6 10.4 1 See table 4, footnote 3. * Includes 21 agreements in which the weekly hours vary by occupation and 20, by season. For the remaining 50 agreements, see table 1, footnote 2. 990 3,969.3 775.9 5 35.0 3 25.0 3 4.5 807 3,079.1 1 1.0 1 1.1 18 47.7 19 62.0 32 342.9 18 102.6 50 324.4 6 18.5 9 211.4 1 3.3 12 135.1 1 12.0 5 20.3 1 6 5.0 32.7 2 3.9 12 45.6 15 81.9 15 95.4 1 20 2.0 121.5 2 5.2 4 1 5 8.1 2.6 18.2 1 9.5 8 See table 4, footnote 4. 4 See table 4, footnote 5. N ote.—Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily equal totals. 25 T a b l e 6. R e la tio n o f overtim e 'p rem iu m p a y p ro v isio n s to schedu led d a ily h o u rs o f w ork in m a jo r collective b a r g a in in g agreem en ts , 1 9 5 6 - 5 7 Number studied Number without overtime provisions Scheduled daily hours of work Daily overtime only After less than 8 hours After 8 hours Weekly overtime only For work outside After 40 hours daily schedule Other i Work Work Work Work Work Work Work Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) Total__________________________ 1,813 8,024. 6 106 412.1 29 201.9 Daily hours not specified__________ Less than 7 hours____ ________ 7 hours_________________________ 7 hours_______________________ 8 hours_____________ ___________ Split shift - - ___ - ________ Vary by occupation _________ Other 2__________ _______ ______ 258 1,271. 5 7 31.4 73 423.1 26 54.3 1, 324 5,408. 7 27 93.0 20 303.5 78 439.5 55 1 6 1 37 1 206.1 2.5 63.9 1.0 112.0 9.2 1 2 21 4 26.0 21.0 139.8 12.8 5 17.5 1 2.4 279 1,467.9 24 88.2 2 2.6 2 7.5 241 1,330.4 7 22.9 3 16.5 Daily and weekly overtime After 7 or 35 hours After 7 t t or 37 Yi hours After 8 or 40 hours 233 956.8 34 93.5 4 5.3 8 2 20 7 168 5 1 22 34.6 3.1 73.9 10.1 612.9 5.7 1.2 215.5 13 33.0 1 1.0 1 1 17 1.4 1.4 54.9 1 1 1.7 1.4 2 2.7 1 1.2 Overtime varies by Occupation Other3 Other overtime provisions4 Season Work Work Work Work Work Work Work Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers Agree ers ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou ments (thou sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) sands) Total. _______ ________ ________ Daily hours not specified__________ Less than 7 h o u rs..____________ _ 7 hours.___ _________ ________ 7 H hours. ______________ 8 hours ___ ___________________ Split shift.. ____________________ Vary by occupation______ _ ___ Other 4_________________________ 13 13 76.0 76.0 6 6 10.4 990 3,969.3 19 62.0 32 342.9 18 102.6 50 324.4 4 6.3 S 12.0 4 11.5 8 130.4 10.4 132 722.5 2 4.8 5 35.0 3 4.5 828 3,127.0 8 35. 7 2 5.7 34.2 10 1 1 5 12.0 5.0 30.2 9 83.7 15 2 274.7 9.1 5 7.4 1 See table 4, footnote 3. * See table 2, footnote 2. 3 See table 4, footnote 4. situations, the regular working schedule includes “ built in” overtime hours. Among the 305 con tracts which contained no scheduled weekly hours, 152 agreements provided overtime premium pay after 8 hours daily or 40 hours weekly. An additional 43 agreements based overtime payments on an 8-hour day. 5 3 9.9 14.7 7 31.1 4 18.5 13 3 2 20 46.5 4.9 21.9 102.3 * See table 4, footnote 5. N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items do not necessarily equal totals. The practice of establishing overtime provisions without defining work schedules was again noted in comparing such provisions with daily schedules (table 6). Of the 258 agreements which did not specify the length of the workday, all but 55 con tained overtime provisions, chiefly after 8 or 40 hours. 27 Appendix Shift Differentials by Industry Appendix tables 1 and 2 present details on second- and third-shift differ entials by industry group. For these tables, the 26 agreements that provided different premiums for fixed and rotating shifts are grouped together, and the amount of differ ential for the fixed shifts are not accounted for in the columns dealing with uni form cents per hour and percentage differentials. In table 3 (p. 4), however, the differentials for the fixed shifts in these 26 c a se s were distributed among the appropriate categories of amounts to reflect general levels. Thus, the totals for the columns affected in the following tabulations will not correspond precisely with totals shown in table 3- 28 Table A - l. Type 3 and amounts of second-shift differentials in m ajor collective bargaining agreem ents by industry, 19581 Industry All agreem ents providing secondshift differentials W orkers A gree (thou ments sands) Uniform cent3 addition to first-sh ift rates Workers A gree (thou ments sands) C ents-per-hour differential L e s s than 4 cents W orkers A gree (thou ments sands) 4 cents W orkers (thou sands) A gree ments A ll industries ______________________________ 1,293 5, 831.0 777 2,885. 3 10 29.0 24 277.2 M anufacturing________________________ Ordnance --------------------------------------------Food and kindred p ro d u c ts--- -------------------Tobacco m an u factu re s______________________ T extile-m ill p ro d u c ts______________________ Apparel and other finished textile products ___ Lum ber and wood products (except fu rn itu re )_________________________________ Furniture and fix t u r e s _____________________ P ap er and allied p r o d u c ts __________________ Printing, publishing, and allied in d u str ie s __ Chem icals and allied p r o d u c ts _________ _ ___ Products of petroleum and c o a l ----- ,, --- ----Rubber products ---------------- --- ------- ---- --Leather and leather p ro d u c ts_______________ Stone, clay, and g la ss p r o d u c ts ____________ P rim ary m etal industries ----------------------F abricated m etal p r o d u c ts ---- --- ---- -----Machinery (except e le c t r i c a l) _______________ E le c tric a l m a c h in e ry _______________________ Transportation equipment __________________ Instrum ents and related p r o d u c ts ___________ M iscellaneous manufacturing industries __— 950 10 87 7 16 4 ,0 6 8 .7 24.0 321. 6 21. 8 37. 1 645 7 2, 319.0 16. 8 282. 0 6 2 1 - 13. 3 3. 6 1. 5 - 18 1 1 34. 8 _ 1. 0 1. S 8 13 50 34 54 22 21 5 32 118 60 136 102 141 23 11 25. 7 19. 4 111.4 68. 5 10 c. 7 55. 7 95.5 9.0 86.7 714.9 166. 3 383. 7 450.3 1 ,290.9 55.4 24. 5 8 10 47 4 47 22 17 5 30 111 36 78 39 78 9 9 _ _ . 5 9 1 _ 5 .4 23.4 2. 5 1.0 - - 1 - 1. 2 2. 5 _ 4. 5 - - - Nonm anufacturing--------- -- -------------Mining, crude petroleum , and naturalgas production ____________________________ 343 1,7 6 2 .3 132 567.3 4 15.7 6 242. 5 15 29 70 63 8 40 8 23 85 ? 259.8 106.9 579.3 154. 8 16.9 110. 3 54. 1 69.2 407.4 3. 7 12 18 1 54 7 21 1 11 6 1 255. 3 70.9 1.7 135.4 12. 7 58. 1 1. 5 16.7 12. 6 2. 5 1 2 _ _ _ _ _ 1 1. 6 11. 6 _ _ 2. 5 2 3 1 _ - 230.0 11. 1 1.4 _ - C om m unication s____________________________ U tilities: E lectric and gas __________ ________ W holesale t r a d e ____________________________ R etail t r a d e ________________________________ Hotels and restauran ts -------------------- S e r v i c e s ___________________________________ C o n str u c tio n __ ___ ________________________ M iscellaneous nonmanufacturing industries __ K 3 9 ( .8 25. 0 25.7 13. 6 105. 6 4 .9 94. 8 55. 7 66.8 9 .0 77. 5 704. 2 107.0 192. 8 82.9 414. 2 12.9 21.4 1 1 _ _ _ _ - _ - C ents-per-hour differential 5 cents 6 cents 7 cents 7 V2 cents A ll in d u s t r ie s ____________________________ 116 317. 3 88 238. 6 61 126.0 21 48. 3 M anufacturing______________________ O rd n a n c e ___ ___ _________ ________ _____ Food and kindred p r o d u c ts _______________ Tobacco m anufactures - — ----------------T extile-m ill p ro d u c ts__ , ------- -----------Apparel and other finished textile products' Lum ber and wood products (except furniture) --------------------- -- ------ --------Furniture and fixtures ---------------- --------P ap er and allied p r o d u c ts ________________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries _ Chem icals and allied products --------------Products of petroleum and c o a l ___________ Rubber p ro d u c ts_________________________ Leather and leather p ro d u c ts_____________ Stone, clay, and g la ss p ro d u c ts___________ P rim a ry m etal industries --------------------F abricated m etal p r o d u c ts _______________ Machinery (except e le c t r i c a l) ____________ E le c tric a l m a c h in e ry ________________ —-T— Transportation eq u ip m en t________________ Instrum ents and related p r o d u c ts _________ M iscellaneous manufacturing in d u s t r ie s __ 94 1 17 4 262. 9 3 .4 97.2 17. 7 69 4 1 - 184.9 6.3 1.3 - 51 1 4 1 108.3 1. 0 6.7 1. 0 17 _ 2 _ - 36.3 10.7 _ - 2 1 23 7. 5 1. 1 50.2 4 1 7 6.2 2 .4 11. 1 1 7 . 2. 3 29. 5 2 5 8 5. 3 5.9 55.4 4 6.4 _ _ - - - - 1. 2 1 _ _ 31. 1 29.9 3 .5 20. 6 1.2 4. 8 _ _ - 5 2 2 ] 2 8 .4 2. 6 3.1 2.2 5. 5 - . - _ . 15.5 - - 7.8 5.9 12. 7 19. 6 7. 2 5. 6 1. 6 - _ _ 5 4 4 7 8 4 4 1 - - - Nonm anufacturing__________________ Mining, crude petroleum , and naturalgas production __________________________ Tran sp ortation 2 ------- -- ------- ---------------Communication r ------------------------- ---U tilities: E lectric and g a s __________ ____ W holesale t r a d e ____ :____________________ R etail t r a d e ---- ---------------------------------Hotels and restauran ts --------- ---------------S e r v i c e s _________________________________ C ons true t i o n ___________ - ______________ M iscellaneous nonmanufacturing industries 22 54.4 19 53.7 10 17.7 4 12.0 2 3 5.9 12.8 12. 1 1. 2 1.7 38.7 _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 4. 6 See footnotes at end of table. 3 7. 5 - - 2 3 4 11 7 3 4 4 3.7 5. 1 6. 1 15.7 13.9 5 .4 4 .9 8.2 - 7 18 2 7 1 2 6 12.7 4 1 1 13 4 10.4 - 6 1 9 .8 3.0 “ _ - - - 1 . 1 1 1. 3 1.5 1. 1 - - - - 8 15.3 - - - 1 1. 1 2 7 .4 _ _ _ _ _ * 1 ■ 1. 4 " " “ 29 Table A -1. Types and amounts of second-shift differentials in m ajor collective bargaining agreem ents by industry, 19^8 1—Continued Industry 8 A greements C ents-per-hour differentials More than 8 , 1 0 cents le s s than 1 0 cents W orkers Workers A gree A gree (thou (thou ments ments sands) sands) cents Workers sands) 11 A gree ments cents Workers (thou sands) AH in d u s t r ie s ______________________________ 129 780. 8 34 99.3 165 438. 1 8 16.9 M anufacturing__ ______ __ ___ _____ __ O rdnance____________ ________________________ Food and kindred p r o d u c ts _________________ Tobacco m an u factu re s______________________ Textile-m ill p ro d u c ts_____ —_______________ A pparel and other finished textile p r o d u c ts __ Lum ber and wood products (except 1?3 4 _ 768.0 11. 1 _ 28 5 - 82. 1 14.4 - 134 7 - 15.5 8 .4 _ 1 1 .0 352.4 1.4 110.9 4 .0 2. 8 1 1.0 Furniture and fix t u r e s ________________ _____ P ap er and allied products __ _______ ___ ____ Printing, publishing, and allied in d u str ie s __ Chem icals and allied products ---- -------- ---P roducts of petroleum and c o a l ______———___ Rubber p ro d u c ts______________ —---------------Leather and leather p ro d u c ts___ ___-____ . ... Stone, clay, and g la ss products _ —_ _ _ _ _ _ _ P rim ary m etal in d u s t r ie s -- --- --- ---- ------ — F abricated m etal p r o d u c ts __ _______________ Machinery (except electrical) __________ .___ E le c tric a l machinery . . . .. .. .. . ____ — ____—--Transportation equipment ---- ------ —--Instrum ents and related products ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ M iscellaneous manufacturing industries _____ _ _ _ 9 17 _ _ _ 15.0 49. 8 _ _ - _ _ 21. 8 - 2 - 3.9 6. 6 611. 2 21. 1 13. 3 1.3 33. 3 1. 2 - - 4 .5 _ 8.3 19.0 9 .6 3. 6 - 6 12. 8 6 17. 3 2 3.9 - _ - - 4 .4 4. 5 - - 17.3 - - - - - Nonm anufacturing-- -- ------ --------------Mining, crude petroleum , and naturalgas production -------...r------------------ ______-Transportation 2 .......... — - — -----------------C ommunic a ti o n s _____ __________ __ ________ U tilities: E lectric and g a s ___ ______________ W holesale trade ___________ ______________ _ R etail t r a d e ______________ _ , ___________ __ Hotels and restauran ts _____________ . S erv ic e s ___________________________________ Construction —_—r_----------- ---------------------M iscellaneous nonmanufacturing in d u str ie s __ 4 59 9 7 1 10 1 3 1 cents A ll industries 77 418. 5 Manufacturing , Ordnance Food and kindred products __ Tobacco m anufactures . Textile-m ill products . Apparel and other finished textile products Lum ber and wood products (except fu rn itu re )---------------------------- -----------Furniture and fixtures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ P ap er and allied products __________ ______ Printing, publishing, and allied industries _ Chem icals and allied products Products of petroleum and coal . Rubber products Leather and leather products ______ Stone, clay, and g la ss products ___„ P rim ary m etal in d u s t r ie s _______ _ F abricated m etal products _ _ _ _ _ _ Machinery (except electrical) E le c tric a l machinery , Transportation equipment Instrum ents and related products M iscellaneous manufacturing industries 65 4 388. Transportation2 . C ommunic ations Utilities: Electric and gas . Wholesale trade Retail trade . Hotels and restaurants Services Construction . M iscellaneous nonmanufacturing industries _ . 6 11.0 2. 6 - 1 1 1 _ 2 6 3 1 2 6 _ _ - 2 6 1. ? 1. 1 1 .2 More than 1 2 , le s s than 15 cents 13 29.0 10 - 21 .0 _ 12.0 6. 5 11.0 2 _ - _ - 1.3 23.2 - 1 1 1 .2 1. 8 _ - 2 _ 1. 5 14. 3 50. 5 47. 5 28.0 30.9 3.9 3.0 31 85. 7 l 6 1.9 24. 7 8 6 20. 1 8. 2 7 1 13 _ 1 8 7 22 14 14 3 * 1 1 24. 7 1. 5 1. 2 3. 5 15 cents 16 34. 3 15 _ 31.9 _ - - - - 1 1 1.4 1. 0 2 - _ - - _ 1.7 1. 5 - 1 1.4 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 1 _ _ _ 1. 4 - ’ More than 15 cents 15 33. 3 8 _ 3 19.4 _ 9 .3 - - _ 3. 8 _ 2 _ 5. 5 - - - - - - 1 1 6. - - 1 3. 5 4 3 3 9. 1 9. 8 7. 3 1.5 • _ * 10. 7 - - 2 2.9 - - 3 8 .0 1 2 .4 7 13.9 1 5.0 _ _ _ _ : - - - - - - 5 1.3 56.2 9 .6 296. 5 1. 2 - 1? 30. 0 16 6 32 1 _ - 9 _ 25. b - - 3 - 4 .4 - ’ See footnotes at end of table. _ 1 1 3 12 Nonmanufacturing ________________ Mining, crude petroleum , and naturalgas production , 8 - 1 31 - • - , - 3 .0 _ 2 _ 1 2 .0 _ 1 _1 _ _ 1 _ 1 2. 4 6 _ _ _ _ _ - - ■ * ” 2 1 1. 1 2 .0 _ _ _ 1. 5 _ _ *. 2 _ 4 .7 • 30 Table A - l. Types and amounts of second-shift differentials in m ajor collective bargaining agreem ents by industry, 19581— Continued Uniform percent addition to first-sh ift rates Workers A gree (thou ments sands) Industry All industries 239 1,443. 1 208 1 ,2 7 1 .9 1 .4 16. 5 15. 1 1 3 4 L e s s than 5 percent A gree Workers (thou ments sands) 1 1 .2 P ercent differential More than 5, 5 percent 10 percent le s s than 10 percent A gree Workers A gree Workers Worker s A gree (thou (thou (thou ments ments ments sands) sands) sands) 58 680. 2 33 1 2 1 .5 136 610. 7 56 667. 2 32 118.8 113 1 4 15. 1 3 462. 2 1.4 16.5 1 1.4 1 1.0 6 1 0.6 6 10. 6 3 5.9 3.0 2 4. 5 3.0 A pparel and other finished textile products __ Lum ber and wood products (except Furniture and fix t u r e s ______________________ P ap er and allied p r o d u c ts ________________ __ Printing, publishing, and allied industries __ P roducts of petroleum and c o a l _____________ Rubber p r o d u c ts______________________'_____ Leather and leather products ____ . . . Stone, clay, and g la ss p r o d u c ts ____________ P rim a ry m etal industries ---- -- --------------F abricated m etal p ro d u c ts_________________ Mac-linery (except e le c t r i c a l) _______________ Instrum ents and related p r o d u c ts ______ ____ M iscellaneous manufacturing in d u s t r ie s _____ Mining, crude petroleum , and naturalgas production ------------- ------------------ -T ran sp o rtatio n 2 .„ _ _ __ C om m unication s___________________________ U tilities: E lectric and g a s _________________ W holesale tradft _ _ _ Hotels and restauran ts S erv ice s . ........ . .......... .. C. on struct! on . M iscellaneous nonmanufacturing industries — A ll industries _ __________ 1 1 1 2. 3 1 2. 3 3 7. 5 2 5. 4 14 49 58 47 5. 3 36.8 172.8 296.4 664.7 31.7 1. 3 3 4 13 12 1 .0 31 171. 3 7 32.0 2 .7 1 b 19. 9 7 4b. 3 19.3 1. 2 1 ...... ____ 20 2 1 559.7 2.7 1. 3 2 13.0 1.9 4 3 5 15 8. 3 9 .2 19.9 64. 5 5 30 52 1 2. 7 23 148. 5 7 87.0 2.7 2 1 Shift differentials vary for fixed and rotating shifts 21 189.3 174. 3 4. 5 23.8 - 17 - - - _ _ 1 3 - 1 - 2 4 - 1 .0 - 1. 6 - - 2. 8 - 22 15 1 .1 4. 8 " 1 6 - _ ■ - - _ 21 1 139. 8 1.3 10. 3 - 4 - 4. 6 10.4 3 - 294.8 3 - 1 1 1 1 - 3 I 1 ~ - 3 63 41.3 4 .0 2. 1 33.0 - 15.0 2 2 6. Qther money d ifferentials 18 - 3 - - 32.2 14. 5 4 - 9 - 19.8 6 8 .0 - 1. 2 1 1.0 99 .2 275. 5 40. 5 14. 6 - 6 1 - - 7 88.4 - 5.9 4 12 25 - - 6 .0 3 .4 14.4 - - 1 1 No uniform d iffer ential-prem ium s over day rate s vary by occupation or wage range 47 216.9 7 9.2 3 .4 5 .2 140.0 - 3 3 - 1 4 7 - 1 13.0 1.2 P ercent differential More than 10 percent 29.7 11 M anufacturing__________________________ O rd n a n c e __ __ . . . . .... Food and kindred products . . — _ — Tobacco m anufactures . _ ______ T extile-m ill products __ A pparel and other finished textile products Lum ber and wood products (except fu rn itu re )__ _ _ — Furniture and fixtures __ __ ... P ap er and allied products Printin;-, publishing, and allied in d u str ie s____ ___ ____________ C hem icals and allied products __ P roducts of petroleum and c o a l ____ __ ___ Rubber p ro d u c ts_____________________________ __ r___ _________ Leather and leather p ro d u c ts_________________ _______ _______ Stone, clay, and g la ss products . _ __ P rim ary m etal in d u s t r ie s _______ ___ . __ F ab ricated m etal products . --— Machinery (except electrical) __ _ ___ E le c tric a l m achinery _____ ___________________________________ Transportation equipment __ _ . . . ___ Instrum ents and related products M iscellaneous manufacturing industries See footnotes at end of table. 1. 2 4. 1 11.5 61.0 1 .0 1 8 — - _ — Nonmanufacturing Mining, crude petroleum , and naturalgas production —_____ Tran sp ortation 2 __ __ __ _ _ C om m unication s____________________—________ U tilities: E lectric and g a s ___________________ , ... W holesale trade _ _ ----— __ R etail trade _ ___ __ __ _____ Hotels and r e s t a u r a n t s _______________________ S erv ic e s _ _ __ ____ __ Construction _ _ _ _ M iscellaneous nonmanufacturing industries 1 6 - 10. 5 21. 2 7.0 1.4 4 .4 69.0 10. 8 9 .0 - 128.5 42 155.0 83. 7 9 2 7 .7 65.9 32.4 20.4 4 .0 2 .0 4 .2 32.2 2 .2 1.3 1 - 1 1 2 4 3 1 11 - 13 4 2 3 ■ 4. 6 ” 31 Table A - l. Types and amounts of 3 econd-shift d ifferentials in m ajor collective bargaining agreem ents by industry, 1958 1—Continued Total time differentials Industry A greements Tim e d ifferentials 8 hours 1 pay for 7 hours worked Workers A gree (thou ments sands) hours' pay for 7 Vs hour s worked W orkers A gree (thou ments sands) 8 Workers (thousands) Other time differentials 4 Workers A gree (thou ments sands) A ll industries __ _______ _____________ ____ __ 69 365. 5 21 88 .0 44 268. 5 4 9. 1 M anufacturing_________________________ O rdn an ce ___ Food and kindred products _ ____ __ __ Tobacco m an u factu re s_______________ _______ T extile-m ill products ___ A pparel and other finished textile products __ Lum ber and wood products (except furniture) _____________________ ___________ Furniture and fixtures 5 9.9 3.9 - 4 - 1 - 6.9 3.9 - _ - 3. 0 - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ 4.0 _ - _ - _ - - - 1 1 1.0 2 .0 - 3.0 - _ _ - _ _ - ? - Printing, publishing, and allied in d u str ie s ___ C hem icals and allied p r o d u c ts ____ ___ __ ___ P roducts of petroleum and coal ______________ Rubber products _ __ __ _ __ Leath er and leather p ro d u c ts________________ Stone, clay, and g la ss p r o d u c ts _____________ P rim a ry m etal industries ------------------------- - M achinery (except electrical) __ _____ E le c tric a l machinery _________________________________ Transportation equipment __ __ __ ___ Instrum ents and related p r o d u c ts ____________ M iscellaneous manufacturing in d u s t r ie s _____ - - o4 355. P a p e r and a llie d p ro d u cts . . . . F a b r ic a te d m e tal p ro d u cts . r __ ... ___ . Nonmanufacturing __ __ __ Mining, crude petroleum , and naturalgas production _ . _ T ran sp ortation 2 ____________________________ Communications _ . __ . U tilities: E lectric and gas . _ _____ W holesale trade __ _ _ __ R etail trade __ _ __ _ Hotels and r e s t a u r a n t s ____ _ _ __ S erv ic e s _ _ _ C o n stru c tio n .... . _. 2 1 1 1 1 _ 61 M iscellaneous nonmanufacturing industries ____ - 2 .0 - __ 72 - 1 _ _ 6 17 81. 1 43 265. 5 A 9. 1 4. 5 1.4 4. 4 3 45.4 - 17 - 81. 1 - - 4. 4 _ _ 261. 1 - - 4. 5 1.4 _ _ _ _ 3. 2 - 1 _ 42 - Time and money differentials 8 hours' pay for 7 hours worked plus money differential plus monei differential Total time and money differentials A ll i n d u s t r i e s ____ 2 6 hours' pay for 7 V2 hours worked 435. 3 27 79. 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ 2 Other combined time-moneys d ifferentials 5 3 10. 3 42 346.0 _ _ - 8 - 10.9 - - - - Manufacturing __ Ordnance _ _ _ __ __ ____ _ Food and kindred p r o d u c ts __________________ Tobacco m anufactures -----------------------------T extile-m ill p ro d u cts_______________________ A pparel and other finished textile products ___ Lum ber and wood products (except fu rn itu re )__r------------ ------------------ ---- Furniture and fix t u r e s ______________________ P ap e r and allied products _ _ Printing, publishing, and allied industries _____ 29 - 65. 5 - 21 - 54.7 - - - - - - Products of petroleum and coal __ _ _ Rubber products _____________________________ Leath er and leather p r o d u c ts________________ Stone, clay, and g la ss products __ P rim a ry m etal i n d u s t r ie s ___________________ F abricated m etal products _________ Machinery (except electrical) __ __ — E le c tric a l m achinery _ Transportation equipment _ _ _ _ Instrum ents and related p r o d u c ts _________ __ M iscellaneous manufacturing industries ________ 7 10. 9 2.9 17. 2 2. 7 7 2.9 17. 2 2.7 - 1 28.3 1.9 1. 8 - - 8 6 24.4 3 10. 3 34 3. 8 - 3. 8 6. 6 - - - - - - C h e m ic a ls and a llie d p ro d u cts Nonmanufacturing _ ___ Mining, crude petroleupn, and naturalgas production _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ Tran sp ortation 2 ____________________________ Communications __ _ _ __ U tilities: E lectric and gas _ _ _ _ _ — _ W holesale t r a d e ____________________________ R etail trade __ _______ __ __________ Hotels and r e s t a u r a n t s ______________________ Serv ices _ __ Construction _ ___ _ M iscellaneous nonmanufacturing in d u str ie s__ 8 2 2 - 8 1 1 43 1 35 7 - - 28. 3 1.9 1. 8 369. 341. 7 - 2 2 8 1 1 1 - - - 24. 3 " 4 - - 14.0 ■ - - - - - 3 * - - - 10. 3 ” 8 - 34 - " - 10.9 - 33*. 1 - 335. 1 - ■ Includes agreem ents providing for general nightwork. Excludes railro ad s and a irlin e s. See footnote 1, table 2, p. 3. Includes 1 agreem ent which provided 8 Va hours' pay for l x!z hours of work; 1 with 8 hours' pay for 71/* hours of work; 1 with 8 hours pay for 6 Vs hours of work; and 1 with 7Vs hours' pay for b>llz hours of work. 5 Includes agreem ents in which tim e-money d ifferentials varied by ending tim e of shifts, or among groups of w orkers, or provided for un usual tim e-money differen tials, e. g. , 7 hours' pay for 6 V* hours of work plus a money differential. 1 2 3 4 NOTE: Becau se of rounding, sum s of individual item s may not equal totals. 32 Table A-2. Types and amounts of third-shift differentials in m ajor collective bargaining agreem ents by industry, 1958 Industry All agreem ents providing third shift differentials Workers A gree (thou ments sands) Uniform cents addition to first-sh ift rates Workers A gree (thou ments sands) C ents-per-hour differential L e s s than 5 cents 5 cents Workers --- Workers A gree A gree (thou (thou ments ments sands) sands) A ll in d u strie s----------------------------------------- 1,067 4 ,9 9 0 .4 625 2 ,1 7 1 .0 2 2 .6 23 60.2 M anufacturing---------------------- —------Ordnance --------------------------------------------Food and kindred p ro d u c ts-----------------------Tobacco m a n u fa c tu re s--- — ————------- T extile-m ill p r o d u c ts -----------------------------A pparel and other finished textile products —— Lum ber and wood products (except fu rn itu re )------------------- ------- --- --------- — Furniture and fix t u r e s ----------------------------P aper and allied p r o d u c ts -----------------------Printing, publishing, and allied in d u str ie s --Chem icals and allied products ------------------Products of petroleum and c o a l -----------------Rubber p r o d u c ts ------------------------------------Leather and leather p r o d u c ts -------------------Stone, clay, and g la ss products ----------------P rim ary m etal industries -----------------------F abricated m etal products ----------------------Machinery (except e le c t r i c a l) ---- --- ----------E le c tric a l m ach in ery------------------------------Transportation e q u ip m en t------------------- —— Instrum ents and related p ro d u c ts---------------M iscellaneous manufacturing in d u s t r ie s ------ G35 9 59 3 35 3, 635.9 22. 6 148.2 13. 5 87. 6 543 3 53 1, 742.0 £. 1 127. 7 8.9 74. 5 1 1 .0 17 _ 40.4 _ 3 .6 . 29 .5 6 12 22.3 16.4 84.0 62.4 104. 8 55. 7 52.2 7.8 £3. 6 705.4 156. 1 333. 5 368. 6 1,26 0 .0 27.2 24. 5 44 30 53 22 15 4 30 114 56 1 12 76 132 12 11 N onm anufacturing--- ----------------------Mining, crude petroleum , and naturalgas production ——-------- ------- —------ —--- 232 1,354. C om m unication s---------- -------- --------- ----- — U tilities: E le c tric and g a s --- ---- --- ---- ----W holesale t r a d e ------------------------------------R etail t r a d e -----------------------------------------Hotels and restauran ts —— —.------------------S e r v i c e s ---------------------- ----------------------C o n str u c tio n ----------------------------------------M iscellaneous nonmanufacturing industries — 55 15 10 57 3 3 12 76 1 6 2 27 6 10 40 3 46 22 12 4 27 105 35 65 33 36 5 22. 3 13. 6 76. 7 3. 7 92.9 55. 7 18. 6 7. £ 73.4 690.0 9 0 .0 170. 5 71. 6 107. 5 7. 8 _ - - 1 1 .0 - 37. 1 354. 8 4 5 3 2 - 2 2 .0 6 .0 6 .1 7.9 - - _ - _ - 1. 7 4. 5 - 4 1. 6 124. 7 7.1 1 .2 _ 17.8 - 1. 6 7 - 1 19. 1 1 49 _ - 6 2 1 .4 429.0 255.3 _ 12 - 9 12 2 - 82 259.8 31. 6 513.9 142. 1 7. 1 7.0 1 .2 - “ 1 1 - 2 - - - 8 2 .0 - _ - Cents-per-hour differential 6 cents More than 6 , le s s than 9 cents 58 135. 7 54 139.6 157 333.8 97 .5 6.3 1.3 _ 139 289.9 25 - 68. 9 cents All in d u s t r ie s -------- ----- ——-------------------- 21 Manufa c tu r in g -------------------—— ---Ordnance-----......--- --- -------------- ---------------Food and kindred products ----- -----------------Tobacco m a n u fa c tu re s----------------------------T extile-m ill p r o d u c ts ------ ---- ------------ —---Apparel and other finished textile products --Lum ber and wood products (except furniture) ------------------------—---—-—------Furniture and f i x t u r e s ----------------------------P aper and allied products -----------------------Printing, publishing, and allied industries --Chem icals and allied p r o d u c ts ------------------Products of petroleum and c o a l -----------------Rubber products -------------------------- ---------Leather and leather products --------------------Stone, clay, and g la ss p r o d u c ts ----------------P rim a ry m etal industries ----- ----- ---- —----F abricated m etal p ro d u cts-----------------------Machinery (except electrical) ---- ——--- —— E le c tric a l m achinery ----- — ——-■■■— ----Transportation e q u ip m en t-----------------------Instrum ents and related products ---------- ---M iscellaneous manufacturing industries ——— 17 . 37.2 _ 54 - 127. 7 - 41 - 1 1 .0 4 8.2 3 6 8 1 N on m an ufacturin g---------- ------ ------ — Mining, crude petroleum , and naturalgas production ------------------------------------Transportation 1 ----------------------------------C om m unication s----- ------------------------------U tilities: E le c tric and g a s ---------------------W holesale t r a d e ------------------------------------R etail trade ------ —-------- --- --- -—-----------Hotels and r e s t a u r a n t s ---------------------------S erv ic e s —— -----------------------------—-------Construction — ——■- ... ——-----------------------M iscellaneous nonmanufacturing industries — See footnotes at end of table. - 270. 6 - ; : 3 4 .8 - _ - 9 • _ 6.3 7 20. 7 3. 5 _ - 1 _ 3 2 1 1 10 _ 1.0 _ • _ _ - 7. 26. _ _ 6.5 - 10 8 - 2 .4 - 4 7. 1 4 4 .5 3.9 1. 7 1 1 2 1 .4 1.3 4 .6 7 30.9 18. 8 3 .0 19.6 2. 5 * 3 .6 2 1 4 3 7 1 2 . 1 27. 1 _ 6.2 8. 7 12. 6 2 .2 - 11 2 6 2 - 2 4 1 4 cents 4 .4 7 17.2 1 .0 4 .4 32. 1 20 4 8 .6 2 2 .3 - 5 22 12 17 7 9 •• - 6.9 30. 6 19.5 35.2 12.4 31. 5 3. 0 3 1 .0 1 2 .0 4 13. 7 - - 1 1 .6 4 233.4 4 8 .1 13 42.1 18 43.9 2 1 230.0 1 2 .3 9 .8 2 - - - - 5.9 2 .0 3 - 1 1.4 3 5.8 9 30.9 _ _ _ _ • _ “ _ _ “ *_ . 1 1.4 " _ “ - - 8 - 21.9 1 4 .8 2 3 .5 7.9 5 m 33 Table A-2. Types and amounts of third-shift differentials in m ajor collective bargaining agreem ents by industry, 1958— Continued Industry More than 10, le s s than 12 cents Workers A gree (thou ments sands) 16 12 A gree ments 34.8 g 18.5 126 1 1 2.1 A pparel and other finished textile products — Lum ber and wood products (except 1 1 - Printing, publishing, and allied in d u str ie s --- - Products of petroleum and c o a l ---------------- - 1.2 33 100. 1 CQ Q * 0C 7 806.8 1O • 7t 31 9 4 .4 52 84. 4 9 .8 g Q ei - - - - 4 2 4. 5 2. 7 1.8 1 2. 3 1219 3 10.6 i 10 . 1.9 13 7 12 16.3 8 15 1 16.3 8 14 4 4. 7 3 - - 6. 3 5. 7 618.9 20.9 47.7 26 .0 50. 7 2 1 6. 5 28! 4 22 .5 7.1 4. 0 2.0 l! 8 36.9 2 5. 7 1 4 g 5 1 6 .1 1. 2 35. 7 4. 5 \.Z - - ’ Cents-per-•hour differential More than 16 cents 16 cents 25 36 85.6 67.0 34 81.7 Lum ber and wood products (except 17 16.0 49.8 2 3.9 P rim ary m etal induotrica 62.3 2 6. * — M_______ ______ Mining, crude petroleum , and n atural- 11.0 1. 1 " ’ 2 3.9 2 3.9 See footnotes at end of table. - “ q7 7 5 2 * 7 5.* 1 13.0 13. 1 7. 3 2. 6 l! 7 12.8 1 Q 1 .0 3 7. 1 * 1 .6 1 1 .2 - - Uniform percent addition to fir st-sh ift rate s 149 1 ,1 4 1 .6 135 1,06 1 .9 1 4. 6 1 2.2 7 1 0.0 .9 3. 0 2 5. 3. 5 3 1 2 9. 0 3*. 7 2 .9 1 1 .6 1.2 31 32 37 5 4. 3 28 .0 134. 7 205. 7 640.2 16.4 1.3 2 4. 7 3 1 — 1.5 2 .0 2 l!o 2. 3 j M iscellaneous nonmanufacturing in d u str ie s ---- 1 2 1 .8 2 1 1 1 3 7 2 4 Instrum ents and related products ----------- —— — 23 1 10 12 1 1 1 1 M iscellaneous nonmanufacturing industries — 8 1.0 g 4 1 5 cents W orkers (thou sands) A gree ments 843.6 - 62 N on m an ufacturin g --------- --------- -----Mining, crude petroleum , and n atural- C ents-psr-hour differential More than 12, cents le s s than 15 cents W orkers Workers A gree (thou (thou ments sands) sands) a 20. 7 1 11 3. 7 i!o - * 2 6 14 79. 7 3 1 4 1 .4 2. 7 j 1 .0 4 4 24.2 9. 3 1 1.2 34 Table A -2. Types and amounts of third-sh ift d ifferen tials in m ajor collective bargaining agreem ents by industry, 1958— Continued Percent differential 5 percent W orkers A gree (thou ments sands) Industry 7 percent W orkers A gree (thou m ents sands) 7 V2 percent Workers A gree (thou ments sands) More than 74/2» le s s than 10 percent W orkers A gree (thou ments sands) All in d u s t r ie s _______________________________ 6 9.2 11 4 3 .5 13 38.0 3 11.0 M anufacturing_________________________ 5 8 .0 - 11 - 43.5 - 12 - 35.3 _ - 3 - 11.0 - - - - - - - - - 2.1 15.3 3.2 - - 1 6 - 1.6 1.3 O rdn an acs F o o d and k in dred prodnrt.fi T o b ac co m a n u fa c tu re s _ ._ ---- -... T extile-m ill products ..—-- ------------------Apparel and other finished textile p ro d u cts---Lum ber and wood products (except ----- - ---- _ fu rn itu re) F u rn itu re and fix tu re s P ap er and allied products _ -Printing, publishing, and allied in dustries ___ Chem icals and allied products __ > P ro d u c ts of p etro leu m and coal R ubber p ro d u cts ,, „„ L e a th e r and le a th e r p r o d u c t s ______ Stone, clay, and g la ss products ........ P r im a r y m e ta l in d u str ie s . F abricated m etal products _ Machinery (except e lectrical) F le c t r ic a l m a c h in e r y ___ T ra n sp o rta tio n equipm ent ,_r T. . .. Instrum ents and related products M iscellaneous manufacturing in dustries ______ Nonmanufacturing Mining, crude petroleum , and natural- g a s p rodu ction . ..... ... . ........... T ra n sp o rta tio n 1 ....... f,n m m n n ication s _ . - .. U tilitie s* F le c t r ic and g a s .... W holesale trade R etail tra d e _ _ H otels and r e s t a u r a n ts S erv ices Construction M iscellaneous nonmanufacturing in dustries ____ - - - 1 1 1 2 1 .0 4.1 - - 1 1.2 - - - - 1 - 1 .2 - 10 1 - 42.5 1 4 - 14.7 1 2 - 3.7 7.3 - “ - - “ - - _ _ 1 2c 7 _ - - - - - - ~ 1 .0 “ More than 10, le s s than 15 percent 10 percent - 1 2.7 - - “ " " - - - “ 20 percent 15 percent All industries 94 967.3 6 24.8 15 38.9 1 9.1 Manufacturing _ Ordnance Food and kindred products Tobacco m anufactures Textile-m ill p r o d u c ts _______________________ Apparel and other finished textile p ro du cts___ Lum ber and wood products (except furniture) Furniture and fixtures 89 1 7 - 913.0 4 .6 4 - 21.3 - 11 - 30.0 - _ - - - - 1.4 - 1 - - - - Printing, publishing, and allied in d u str ie s ___ Chem icals and allied products Products of petroleum and coal Rubber products _ Leather and leather products Stone, clay, and g la ss products P rim ary m etal in dustries F abricated m etal products Machinery (except e lectrical) E le c tric a l m achinery _ Transportation equipment Instrum ents and related products M iscellaneous manufacturing in dustries _____ 1.5 3 .0 - 2.3 6 .0 4 .0 1 1.0 3 - P a p e r and a llie d p ro d u cts . .. . . Nonmanufacturing Mining, crude petroleum , and naturalg as production Transportation 1 Communications _ U tilities: E le ctric and gas W holesale t r a d e _______________________—----Retail t r a d e -------------------------- --------- ------Hotels and restau ran ts __ S erv ices C on struction _______ ____________ —-----------M iscellaneous nonmanufacturing industries --Sea footnotes at end of table 1 1 1 2 12.2 - - 4 .0 - 1 2 .2 - 1 21.8 1 1 4 6 .7 26 - 1 1 182.5 571.7 1.7 1.3 5 54.4 25 19 - - 3 - 41.4 - - 13.0 - - 2 “ - ' - - - 4.4 1 9.1 ~ - ■ " - “ ■ 2 3.5 4 - - ■ - - 2 ' 3.5 18.5 - 4. 7 - - - - 1 2 2.1 1 1 - 8.9 - 2 - - “ ■ “ 4 - 9 .0 - " - 1 - 1 .0 5 .8 - ■ " - 9.1 - 35 Table A-2. Types and amounts of third-sh ift d ifferentials in m ajor collective bargaining agreem ents by industry, 1958— Continued Shift differentials vary for fixed and rotating shifts W orkers A gree (thou ments sands) Industry No uniform d ifferentials— prem ium s over day rate s vary by occupation or wage range W orkers A gree (thou ments sands) Other money differen tials 3 A gree ments Total time differentials W orkers (thou sands) A gree ments Workers (thou sands) All in dustries 26 188.7 21 107.3 25 194.2 66 323.8 Manufacturing ------Ordnance __________________________________ Food and kindred products Tobacco m anufactures _ Textile-m ill products Apparel and other finished textile p ro d u c ts__ Lum ber and wood products (except furniture) . _ . ... _. _. ......... . Furniture and fixtures ...... _ _ _______ P aper and allied products Printing, publishing, and allied in d u str ie s __ Chem icals and allied products .. . _. Products of petroleum and coal Rubber products __ --- ..... Leather and leather products Stone, clay, and g la ss p r o d u c ts ____________ P rim ary m etal industries F abricated m etal products _ _____ Machinery (except e le c t r ic a l) ------------ - ----E lectrical m achinery ,. . r ................. Transportation e q u ip m en t__________________ Instrum ents and related products M iscellaneous manufacturing in dustries _____ 17 173.7 4 .5 10 _ 37.8 . 10 112.1 9 _ 2 1.6 1 8 .0 2 Nonmanufacturing — , ----------------- -- Minine, crude petroleum , and naturalg as p ro d u ctio n ____________________________ Transportation 1 ___________________________ Com m unications___________________ ____ ____ U tilities: E le ctric and g as ^ _ W holesale trade R etail trade . Hotels and restauran ts S erv ice s __ _ Construction M iscellaneous nonmanufacturing in dustries __ 1 1 . _ 2 4 3 1 .0 _ - _ - _ _ 5 - 2 .8 6.7 10 .2 3.4 _ 5.2 140.0 - 1 1 2 9 3 - 2 . 3 1 - 6 _ _ - . - 8 .8 _ 4 .6 1 28.0 - - - 2 .0 - 1 .2 1 2 1 4 .0 3 - 10.5 - 4 1 - - 15.0 11 69.5 15 82.1 57 302.3 4 .6 10.4 _ _ “ - 68.3 1.3 “ - 5 .8 70.8 2.5 3 .0 ~ - 4 .4 297.9 ” _______ Nonmanufacturing Mining, crude petroleum , and n aturalg as production See footnotes at end of table. 1 - 3.9 _ - 2.1 .............. .............. Com muni cations U tilities: E lectric and g as _ ----Wholesale trade Retail trade Hotels and r e s t a u r a n t s ______________________ S erv ices Construction _ M iscellaneous nonmanufacturing industries - _ - 2 14.9 - 10 1 ~ hours* pay for 7l/z hours worked Manufacturing Ordnance ___________________________________ Fnod and kindred products Tobacco m an u factu res_______________________ Textile-m ill products _ _ -----_. --Apparel and other finished textile products __ Lum ber and wood products (except furniture) . __ Furniture and fixtures P ap er and allied products Printing, publishing, and allied industries Chem icals and allied products Products of petroleum and coal Rubber products Leather and leather products Stone, clay, and g la ss products __ P rim ary m etal industries _ ---- ,— F abricated m etal products Machinery (except e lectrical) E lectrical m achinery _. . Transportation equipment -----Instrum ents and related products M iscellaneous manufacturing in dustries _ - _ 7.7 3.0 69.0 2 .4 - 8 All industries - _______________ - 1 2 10 - 1 2 ~ Time d ifferentials 8 hours * pay for 7 hours worked 1 56 2 .0 Other time d ifferentials 4 3 5.9 54 292.8 9 25.2 3 - 5.9 3.9 - 3 - 5.2 - 3 - 10.5 - - - - - - - 1 1 .2 2 - - - - 1 2 .0 - " - - 4 .0 - 1 1.2 " - 2 - “ 9.3 - 6 14.7 2 _ _ 51 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - 4 .4 - - - - - - - - - - - “ " - 50 “ 287.6 - 283.2 6 _ - 14.7 36 Table A-2. Types and amounts of third-shift differentials in m ajor collective bargaining agieem en ts by industry, 1958—Continued Industry Total time and money differential A gree ments M a n u fa c tu rin g ---- ---- ------------- --- — Ordnance ————----- ----- —------- --- --------Food and kindred p r o d u c t s ---------------------Tobacco m a n u fa c t u r e s -------------------------Textile-m ill p r o d u c ts ---------------------------A pparel and other finished textile products — Lum ber and wood products (except furniture)------------------------------------------Furniture and f i x t u r e s ------------------------ — P aper and allied p ro d u cts-----------------------Printing, publishing, and allied industries — Chem icals and allied p r o d u c ts -------- -------Products of petroleum and c o a l ------- ----- -— Rubber p r o d u c ts ----------------— Leather and leather p r o d u c ts ------------------Stone, clay, and g la ss p r o d u c ts ---- —-—---P rim ary m etal in d u strie s----------------——— Fabricated m etal p ro d u c ts----------------------E le c tric a l m a c h in e r y ------------- --- ---- --- — Transportation equipment —--------------------Instrum ents and related p r o d u c t s ------------M iscellaneous m anufacturing in d u strie s----Nonmanufacturing -------- ---------------Mining, crude petroleum , and n aturalg as p ro d u c tio n ----------------------------------T ransportation 1 ----------------------------------Communications —--- — ——— -- ----------- --- U tilities: E le c tric and g a s --------------- —— — W holesale tr a d e -----------------------------------R etail t r a d e --------- --- ---- ----------------------Hotels and restauran ts —---- ——-------------S erv ices —--- —------- ——— — ———— —-------Construction —------ — — ——■ -----------—— M iscellaneous nonmanufacturing industries — h o u rs' pay for 7Va hours worked plus money differential orkers A gree W(thou ments sands) 8 W orkers (thou san d s) Tim e and money differentials h o u rs' pay for 8 h o u rs' pay for 7 hours worked 7 hours worked plus money plus money differential differential W orkers orkers A gree A gree W(thou (thou m ents ments sands) sands) 8 Other combined tim e-money differentials 5 A gree Workers (thou ments sands) 155 864.0 16 2 8 .8 28 9 1 .6 46 333.6 65 410. 1 1 11 486.8 14 22. 5 1.4 - 22 59.6 - 42 3 - 328.3 7.3 - 33 - 1 76. 5 1.3 - 1 1 .0 - 15.9 5 .4 3.1 33.4 - - 17.0 10. 5 292.3 - 1. 5 49.0 - 5 - 10 .0 - 1 1 .0 - 1.5 4 9.0 2 .9 4. 6 34.2 14.1 2 0 .3 344. 6 3.1 - - 1 - 1 .8 - 2 .9 4. 6 1.3 6. 5 4 .0 1.9 “ 44 377.2 2 6.3 6 - 3 .8 333. 6 4 .4 35. 5 “ - 3 .8 2 .5 “ - 1 21 2 - 2 8 10 6 52 2 1 1 32 - 3 8 “ - - 2 - 2 l 6 - 1 1 1 - 1 " 6 3 1 11 - 1 6 ** 1 3 34 - - 1 21 - 2 .2 6. 7 1 2 6 1 1 .2 - - - 14.9 - 32.0 4 5 .4 32 -333.6 32.0 “ - - 32 - 333.6 - 1.8 - 3 4 .4 1 1.0 ' “ ‘ 1 Excludes railro ad s and a irlin e s. * Includes 1 agreem ent covering 1,100 w orkers providing a 9ya-cent differential. 3 See footnote 1, table 2, p. 3. 4 Includes 1 agreem ent which provided 9 hou rs' pay fo r 7*/a hours of work; 1 with c; hou rs' pay for 7 hours of work; 3 with 8 hours' pay for 6*/a hours of work; 3 with 8 h ours' pay for 6 hours of work; an*5 1 with 7l/a hours' pay for 6l/a hours of work. 5 Includes agreem ents in which tim e-money d ifferentials varied by errin g time of shifts or among groups of w o rk ers, or which provider for unusual tim e-money d ifferen tials, e. g . , 71/* h ou rs' pay for 6*/a hours of work plus a money differential. NOTE: B ecause of rounding, sum s of individual item s m ay not equal totals. v U . S . GOVERNMENT PRINTING O F F IC E : 19-9 O - 3 i0 ii9 Recent BLS Industrial Relations Studies Title Bull. No. Price Agreement Provisions 1248 Paid Holiday Provisions in Major Union Contracts, 1958. 25 cents 1233 Paid Vacation Provisions in Major Union Contracts, 1957. 30 cents 1216 Collective Bargaining C lauses: D ism issal Pay. August 1957. 25 cents 1209 Analysis of Layoff, Recall, and Work-Sharing Procedures in Union Contracts. March 1957. 30 cents 1201 Collective Bargaining C lauses: Labor-Management Safety, Production, and Industry Stabilization Committees. December 1956. 30 cents 1189 Collective Bargaining C lauses: Layoff, Recall, and Work-Sharing Procedures. 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