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Paid Vacation Provisions in Major Union Contracts, 1957 Prevalence Types of Plans Length of Vacations Service and Work Requirements Vacation Pay Scheduling and Other Administrative Procedures B u lle tin N o . 1233 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S Ewan Clafue, Commissioner Paid Vacation Provisions in Major Union Contracts, 1957 • P re v a le n c e • T y p e s of P lans • Length of V a c a tio n s • S e rv ic e and W o rk R e q u ire m e n ts • V a c a tio n P a y • Sched uling an d O th e r A d m in is tra tiv e P ro ce d u re s B u lle tin N o . 1233 June 1958 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S Ew an C la g u e , Commissioner F o r sale b y the S up erintenden t o f D ocu m en ts, U . S. G o ve rn m e n t P rin tin g Office W ash in gton 25, D . O. - Price 30 cents P re fa ce T h is s t u d y o f p a id v a c a t i o n p r o v i s i o n s in m a j o r c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n i n g a g r e e m e n t s c o v e r s , in a d d it io n to le n g t h o f p a id v a c a t i o n s a n d l e n g t h - o f - s e r v i c e r e q u i r e m e n t s , m a n y o f th e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e a s p e c t s o f a p a id v a c a t i o n p o l i c y c o m i n g w ith in th e s c o p e o f c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n i n g — e . g . , m i n im u m w o r k r e q u i r e m e n t s , c o m p u t a t io n o f v a c a tio n p a y , v a c a tio n s c h e d u le s , e f f e c t o f te r m in a tio n on e m p lo y e e * s v a c a t i o n r i g h t s , h o l i d a y s in the v a c a t i o n p e r i o d , e t c . A lt h o u g h th e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s h a s b e e n s u r v e y i n g v a c a t i o n p r a c t i c e s f o r m a n y y e a r s , t h is s tu d y r e p r e s e n t s th e B u r e a u * s m o s t c o m p r e h e n s i v e m e a s u r e m e n t o f th e p r e v a l e n c e o f t h e s e r e l a t e d v a c a t i o n p o l i c i e s . M ore o v e r , s e v e r a l n e w t y p e s o f d a ta r e l a t i n g to le n g t h o f v a c a t i o n a n d s e r v i c e r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e p r e s e n t e d in t h is r e p o r t . V i r t u a l l y a l l a g r e e m e n t s in th e U n ite d S t a t e s c o v e r in g 1 ,0 0 0 o r m o r e w o r k e r s , e x c lu s iv e o f r a ilr o a d an d a i r l i n e a g r e e m e n t s , w e r e a n a l y z e d f o r t h is s t u d y . The 1 ,8 1 3 a g r e e m e n t s s t u d ie d c o v e r e d a p p r o x i m a t e l y 8 m i l l i o n w o r k e r s , o r a lm o s t h a lf o f to ta l a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e o u t s i d e o f th e r a i l r o a d a n d a i r l i n e i n d u s t r i e s . T h ese a g re e m e n t s a r e p a r t o f th e B u r e a u ’ s f i l e o f c u r r e n t a g r e e m e n t s m a in t a i n e d f o r p u b l i c a n d g o v e r n m e n t a l u s e u n d e r th e p r o v i s i o n s o f th e L a b o r M a n a g e m e n t R e la tio n s A c t , 1947. T h is r e p o r t w a s p r e p a r e d in th e B u r e a u ’ s D i v i s i o n o f W a g e s a n d I n d u s t r ia l R e l a t i o n s b y R o s e T h e o d o r e a n d J o h n N . G e n t r y , u n d e r the s u p e r v i s i o n o f H a r r y P . C o h a n y . in Contents Page Prevalence of paid vacation provisions --------;---------------Types of vacation plans _______________________________ Graduated plans ______________________________________ Other qualifications for vacations -------------------------------Vacation pay ________________________________________ Base for computing vacation pay ---------------------------------Pay in lieu of vacation _______________________________ Scheduling vacations _________________________________ Split vacations ______________________________________ Accumulation of vacations ____________________________ Vacation allowances for employees entering or returning from military service __________ _____________________ Effect of termination on employee* s vacation rights ____ Holidays occurring during vacation period _____________ Vacations for part-time and seasonal workers _________ 1 3 3 8 19 25 25 28 30 30 30 31 31 33 33 Chart: Maximum vacation allowances, uniform and graduated plans, in selected collective bargaining agreements, 1949, 1952, and 1957 _______________________________________________ T able s: 6: 7: 8: 9: 10 : 11: 12: 13: 14: Vacation plans in major collective bargaining agreements by industry, 1957 _____________________________________________ Types of vacation plans in major collective bargaining agreements by type of employer unit, 1957 ____________________ Maximum length of vacation provided in graduated plans, major collective bargaining agreements by industry, 1957 ______ Length of service required for specific vacation allowances in graduated plans, major collective bargaining agreements, 1957 __ Length of service required for specific vacation allowances in graduated plans, major collective bargaining agreements, by industry, 1957 _____________________________________________ Identical graduated vacation plans found in 10 or more major agreements, 1957 ______________________________________ Minimum work requirements in addition to length of service for full vacation benefits, in major collective bargaining agreements, by industry, 1957 _____________________________________________ Qualifying date for vacation in major collective bargaining agreements, 1957 __________________________________ Base for computing pay in graduated vacation plans, major collective bargaining agreements, 1957 Method of computing weekly unit in graduated vacation plans, major collective bargaining agreements, 1957 _________________ Provisions relating to vacation pay in lieu of time off in major collective bargaining agreements, 1957 _______________ Vacation scheduling in major collective bargaining agreements, 1957 ____________________________________________ Vacation allowance for employees entering or returning from military service in major collective bargaining agreements, 1957 ______________________________ Allowances for holidays occurring during vacations in major collective bargaining agreements, 1957 ________________________ v 4 5 9 jo 12 20 21 24 24 27 29 29 32 32 Paid Vacation Provisions in Major Union Contracts, 1957 The extension and liberalization of paid vacations for wage earners have been important features of collective bargaining over the past two decades, with profound social as well as economic implications. In 1940, the U. S. Department of Labor* s Bureau of Labor Statistics estimated that only about a fourth of all organized wage earners in the United States received annual vacations with pay. 1 For the majority of these workers, the maximum vaca tion period to which they could aspire was 1 week. A few agreements pro vided for up to 2 weeks of vacation; in only rare instances was provision made for 3 or 4 weeks. In 1957, all but 8 percent of 1,813 agreements cov ering 1,000 or more workers provided for paid vacations, and maximum vaca tions of 3 weeks or more were the rule rather than the exception. By 1949, the principle of paid vacations for wage earners was firmly established. However, length of vacations and eligibility requirements con tinued to be frequently recurring issues in collective bargaining, and substan tial changes were effected between 1949 and 1957. (See chart, p. 2.) In early 1949, 3 out of 5 negotiated vacation plans provided for a maximum va cation allowance of 2 weeks, 2 Also, for the first time, a significant portion of the agreements studied by the Bureau (one-third) provided for vacations in excess of 2 weeks. By this time, maximum vacations of 1 week or less were provided by only about 5 percent of the plans. By 1952, virtually all of the negotiated plans studied had pciaximum allowances of 2 weeks or more . 3 Almost half the 1952 plans stipulated maximum allowances of 3 weeks, but only about 4 percent were for as much as 4 weeks. In 1957, uniform or graduated vacation plans that provided for maxi mum vacations of less than 2 weeks were reduced to 1 percent of the total plans. Almost two-thirds of the plans allowed maximum vacations of 3 or 3% weeks; an additional 20 percent provided maximum allowances of 4 weeks or more. Increases in maximum vacation allowances have been accompanied by a reduction in length-of-service requirements. In 1952, for example, less than 0.5 percent of the workers under agreements providing a maximum vaca tion of 3 weeks were eligible for the maximum after service of 5 years or less, compared with almost 3 percent in 1957. Although only 4 percent of the workers were eligible for 3 weeks* vacation after 10 years or less in 1952, almost 15 percent of the workers qualified with similar service require ments in 1957. Scope of Study This study represents the Bureau* s most comprehensive examination of paid vacation practices under collective bargaining. Agreements were ana lyzed in detail for such matters as prevalence and types of vacations plans, 1 See Vacations With Pay in Union Agreements (in Monthly Labor Review, November 1940, p. 1070). 2 See Paid Vacations Under Collective Agreements, 1949 (in Monthly Labor Review, November 1949, p. 518). 3 See Paid Vacation Provisions in Collective Agreements, 1952 (in Monthly Labor Review, August 1952, p. 162). to C h a rt MAXIMUM VACATION ALLOWANCES, UNIFORM AND GRADUATED PLANS, IN SELECTED COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGREEMENTS 1949, 1952, an d 1957 1,314 A G REEM EN TS 1 Week 2 or Less Weeks Over 2 Weeks 1,529 A G REEM EN TS Less than 2 and 2 Weeks 2'/zWeeks ...................... r.v. . . . . \\\\\\\\\\ ......... t-. . \ v . . . t . v!v!v!v!v! 1957 UNITEDSTATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAUOFLABORSTATISTICS 3 and 3'/tWeeks ... ?.1 ,,, 4 Weeks or More 3 length of vacation, service and work requirements, vacation patterns, and vacation pay. Also included in the analysis were various aspects relating to the operation and administration of vacation plans, notably pay in lieu of time off, scheduling of vacations, and vacation rights for employees entering or returning from military service or upon termination of employment. The study was based on 1,813 collective bargaining agreements, each covering 1,000 or more workers, or virtually all agreements of this size in the United States, exclusive of railroads and airlines. 4 Approximately 8 mil lion workers were covered, or almost half of all the workers estimated to be under agreements in the United States, exclusive of railroads and airlines. Of these, 5 million workers, covered by 1,187 agreements, were in manu facturing, and 626 agreements applied to 3 million workers in nonmanufacturing establishments (table l). AJ1 but a few 5 of the 1,813 agreements were in effect during 1957. Approximately 50 percent of the agreements, covering 40 percent of the work ers, were scheduled to expire by the end of the year. Thirty percent of the agreements studied, covering about 35 percent of the workers, were to expire in 1958. The rest of the agreements were to continue in effect beyond the end of 1958. Prevalence of Paid Vacation Provisions More than 90 percent of the 1,813 agreements analyzed provided some form of paid vacation allowance (table l). In 9 out of 10 agreements, these allowances took the form of graduated vacations based upon length of service in a definite formula. Practically all manufacturing agreements provided for paid vacations, as against 80 percent of the nonmanufacturing agreements. Of 149 agreements without vacation provisions, 120 were in the construction industry and applied to more than 85 percent of all workers not covered by a vacation provision. Types of Vacation Plans In the present study, 91 percent of the agreements with vacation benefits established graduated plans (table l). The remaining agreements had provisions for pooling fixed employer contributions in a central fund which, in turn, provided vacation pay allowances directly to the workers; ratio-towork plans, whereby the vacation granted was based upon days or hours worked during the year rather than upon length of service; uniform plans under which all workers received the same vacation allowance, regardless of differences among workers in amout of time worked during the year or length of service; and a few plans combining features of more than one type of vacation plan or another benefit. Almost all of the 1,218 single employer agreements included in this study contained provisions for graduated .vacation plans (table 2). On the other hand, a fourth of the 595 multiemployer plans providing paid vacations utilized the other types of vacation plans, chiefly funded arrangements. 4 The Bureau does not maintain a file of railroad and airline agreements, hence their omission from this study. For an analysis of the characteristics of the agreements studied, see Characteristics of Major Union Contracts (in Monthly Labor Review, July 1956, p. 805). 5 These few agreements expired late in 1956 and current agreements were not available at the time of the study. T A B L E 1 . — V a ca tion plans in m a jo r c o ll e c t iv e b a rg a in in g a g r e e m e n t s by in d u s tr y , 1957 A g r e e m e n t s p ro v id in g paid v a c a tio n s N o paid v a c a tio n s N um ber studied G ra d u ated plans T o ta l In du stry A g ree m ents W ork ers (000 »s) A g ree m e n ts W ork ers (000*s) A g ree m e n ts W orkers (000 »s) O ther plans 1 A g ree m en ts W orkers (000 »s) A g ree m en ts W orkers (000 fs) A ll in d u s tr ie s _________________________________ 1 ,8 1 3 8 ,0 2 4 .6 1 ,6 6 4 7 , 3 1 4 .9 1 ,5 1 5 6 ,4 1 9 .4 149 8 9 5 .6 149 7 0 9 .7 M an u factu rin g __ _ _ __________ O rd n an ce F o o d and k in d r e d p r o d u c ts ______________ T o b a c c o m a n u f a c t u r e s -----------------------------T e x tile m il l p r o d u c ts ____________________ A p p a r e l and o th e r fin is h e d te x tile p r o d u c ts __________ __________ L u m b e r and w o o d p r o d u c ts (e x c e p t fu r n itu r e ) _________________ ' __ __ F u rn itu re and fix t u r e s ____________________ P a p e r and a llie d p r o d u c ts _______________ P r in tin g , p u b lis h in g , and a llie d in d u s tr ie s _ _______ ______ C h e m ic a ls and a llie d p r o d u c ts __________ P r o d u c t s o f p e tr o le u m and c o a l _________ R u bber p r o d u c ts _________ _______________ L e a th e r and le a th e r p r o d u c ts __ ___ S tone, c la y , and g la s s p r o d u c ts ________ P r im a r y m e ta l in d u s tr ie s _______________ F a b r ic a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c ts ______________ M a c h in e r y (e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l) ___________ E l e c t r ic a l m a c h i n e r y ___ _______________ T r a n s p o rta tio n equ ip m en t _______________ In stru m e n ts and r e la te d p r o d u c ts ______ M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s ______ _____ _ ____ 1,1 8 7 14 118 12 53 5 ,0 7 4 .4 2 8 .1 3 84 .2 3 3 .3 128 .9 1 ,1 7 5 14 116 11 53 5 ,0 3 9 . 7 2 8 .1 3 7 9 .7 3 1 .1 1 2 8 .9 1 ,0 8 9 12 113 11 49 4 ,6 3 5 .0 2 5 .3 3 7 5 .0 3 1 .1 1 1 3 .5 86 2 3 4 4 0 4 .7 2 .8 4 .7 1 5 .4 12 2 1 - 3 4 .7 4 .5 2 .2 54 4 8 8 .4 49 4 6 9 .9 17 2 0 1 .3 32 2 6 8 .6 5 1 8 .5 17 23 54 4 4 .2 3 7 .4 124.7 17 23 54 4 4 .2 3 7 .4 1 2 4 .7 15 21 54 3 9 .7 3 2 .0 1 2 4 .7 2 2 - 4 .5 5 .4 - _ 36 60 26 23 23 40 119 68 149 114 145 27 7 0 .2 1 27 .5 7 8 .6 1 30 .4 7 8 .5 120 .7 7 20 .8 187 .5 4 1 0 .3 4 7 3 .8 1 ,3 2 4 .1 60 .1 36 60 26 23 23 40 119 66 149 112 145 27 7 0 .2 1 2 7 .5 7 8 .6 1 3 0 .4 7 8 .5 1 2 0 .7 7 2 0 .8 1 8 2 .0 4 1 0 .3 4 6 9 .8 1 ,3 2 4 .1 6 0 .1 17 52 25 23 20 40 119 64 147 112 141 26 3 0 .1 1 1 2 .2 7 7 .2 1 3 0 .4 7 0 .5 1 2 0 .7 7 2 0 .8 1 7 5 .7 4 0 3 .7 4 6 9 .8 1 ,3 0 3 .4 5 8 .6 19 8 1 _ 3 2 2 1 4 0 .1 1 5 .3 1 .4 8 .0 _ 6 .3 6 .6 2 0 .7 1 .6 - “ 12 2 3 .4 12 2 3 .4 11 1 9 .9 1 3 .5 - - N o n m an u factu rin g M in ing, c r u d e p e t r o le u m , and n a tu ra l gas p r o d u c t i o n __ _________ ______ T r a n s p o r t a t io n 2 _ _ ___ _ ______ C o m m u n ic a tio n s ___________ _________ U tilitie s : E l e c t r ic and g a s ______ ____ W h o le s a le tra d e __ __ __ R e ta il tra d e __ _______ _________ ______ H otels and r e s ta u r a n ts ___________________ S e r v ic e s _________________ ___ _ ________ C o n s t r u c t i o n ___ __________ M is c e lla n e o u s n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s t r ie s ________________________________ 626 2 ,9 5 0 .2 489 2 ,2 7 5 .2 426 1 , 7 8 4 .4 63 4 9 0 .9 137 6 7 5 .0 18 114 76 18 110 76 16 81 76 75 13 82 30 46 6 3 4 .8 4 0 1 .4 5 7 1 .5 1 8 6 .6 2 5 .2 2 4 4 .2 1 6 1 .4 1 4 6 .9 1 1 .4 2 29 » 2 _ 4 _ 3 23 _ 4 _ _ 1 _ _ _ 2 4 .7 13 86 30 49 29 2 6 4 .8 5 6 3 .0 5 7 1 .5 2 0 1 .2 2 5 .2 2 5 4 .0 1 6 1 .4 1 53 .1 8 0 .0 2 3 0 .0 1 6 1 .6 14 86 30 58 149 2 6 4 .8 5 8 7 .7 5 7 1 .5 2 0 1 .2 2 6 .7 2 5 4 .0 1 6 1 .4 187.1 6 8 9 .5 9 120 3 4 .0 6 0 9 .5 4 6 .5 1 1 .2 1 1 .2 3 5 .3 77 77 1 S ee ta b le 2 fo r ty p e s o f n on grad u ated p la n s . 2 E x c lu d e s r a ilr o a d s and a i r li n e s . N OTE: B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , su m s o f in divid u al ite m s do not n e c e s s a r il y equ a l to ta ls 4 1 4 .6 _ 9 .8 6 .3 6 8 .6 - _ _ - - . _ _ „ _ _ _ _ 2 _ 2 _ _ _ _ 5 .5 _ 4 .0 _ _ 1 .5 _ T A B L E 2 . — T y p e s o f v a c a tio n plans in m a jo r c o ll e c t iv e b a rg a in in g a g r e e m e n t s by type o f e m p lo y e r unit, 1957 T yp e o f e m p lo y e r unit T o ta l S in g le e m p lo y e r T yp e o f plan A g ree m e n ts W ork ers (000*s) A g ree m e n ts T otal a g r e e m e n ts s t u d ie d ________________________ 1 ,8 1 3 8 ,0 2 4 . 6 T otal w ith v a ca tio n p r o v is io n s __________________ 1 ,6 6 4 G raduated plan— v a ca tio n p e r io d and pay v a r y by length o f s e r v ic e ...... . .......... . U n ifo rm plan— s a m e v a c a tio n p e r io d to a il e lig ib le w o r k e r s ; v a ca tio n pay b a s e d on e m p lo y e e ’ s e a rn in gs ________________________ U n ifo rm plan— sa m e v a c a tio n p e r io d and pay to a ll e lig ib le w o r k e r s ______ __________ E m p lo y e r co n trib u tio n to p o o le d v a c a tio n R a t io -t o -w o r k plan (b a s e d on d ays o r h o u rs w o rk e d ra th e r than le n gth o f s e r v ic e ) .... ..................... ....... . R e fe r e n c e to v a ca tio n plan— n o d e ta ils giv e n O ther 1 . ... T o ta l w ithout v a c a tio n p r o v is io n s ______________ 1 Inclu des c o m b in e d v a c a tio n and s ic k the v a ca tio n p r o v is io n s show n s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , M u ltie m p lo y e r W ork ers (000 »s) A g ree m en ts W orkers (000 »s) 1 .2 1 8 5, 1 0 4 .4 595 2 .9 2 0 . 2 7 ,3 1 4 .9 1 ,2 1 3 5 ,0 9 4 . 6 451 2 ,2 2 0 . 3 1 ,5 1 5 6 ,4 1 9 .4 1 ,1 8 5 4 ,9 9 8 .7 330 1 ,4 2 0 .7 14 4 1 .8 4 2 1 .6 10 2 0 .2 2 2 3 0 .0 - - 2 2 3 0 .0 66 4 0 9 .9 “ - 66 4 0 9 .9 37 9 3 .7 3 4 .4 34 8 9 .3 20 10 6 9 .2 5 1 .1 18 3 6 5 .8 4 .1 2 7 3 .4 4 7 .0 149 7 0 9 .7 5 9 .8 144 6 9 9 .9 le a v e a llo w a n c e s , and plans w h ich c o m b in e d fe a t u r e s o f s e v e r a l o f su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s do not n e c e s s a r il y e qu a l t o t a ls . 6 Other Vacation Plans in Multiemployer Agreements.-HSixty-six multi employer agreements provided for pooling of employer contributions into cen tral vacation funds.* Almost all of these plans were in industries characterized by a high degree of seasonal or irregular employment, or frequent job changes such as apparel, maritime, and construction. In the apparel industry, agreements usually called for the payment of a specified percentage of weekly wages into a health and welfare or similarly titled fund. An example follows: Each member of the Association shall continue to pay weekly . . . to • . • /["the union// for the said Vacation and Health Fund a sum equal to percent of the weekly wages . . . 4l/z Two-thirds of the 30 pooled funds in the apparel industry were unilaterally ad ministered by the union.7 However, a few large agreements in this industry (covering almost 150,000 workers) called for the establishment of a joint board composed of representatives of the union and employer groups, to be headed by an impartial chairman. Examples of clauses establishing unilaterally and jointly administered plans follow: Each employer, member of the Association, agrees to pay weekly to //th e union// 5 percent of its weekly payroll for all its employees covered by this agreement toward the Health, Welfare and Vacation Fund . . . for the purpose of providing workers eligible therefore with health, welfare and other benefits and contribu tions to their vacation benefits . . . Said . . . funds having been established prior to January 1, 1946, are to be maintained and administered by y the union_ / in accordance with the bylaws or rules and regulations adopted by //the union_7. l/z * * * The Health and Welfare Fund shall . . . be administered* by a Board of Trustees composed of 8 representatives of the union, each having three-fourths of a vote, and the //representatives of the employer association^/ each having one full vote. The Impartial Chairman provided for . . . shall be the public member thereof and shall 6 This study understates the prevalence of pooled vacation funds in major situations. For example, the national agreement between the Clothing Manu facturers Association of the United States of America and the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America makes no reference to a vacation fund, but sup plementary local agreements in this industry provide for such arrangement. Supplementary local agreements were not included in this study. 7 Section 302 of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947 made it unlawful for any employer to make payments into trust funds unilaterally ad ministered by the union. Section 302 (g), however, provided that this pro hibition did not apply to funds in existence prior to January 1, 1946, nor should it be "construed as prohibiting contributions to such trust funds if prior to January 1, 1947, such funds contained provisions for pooled vaca tion benefits. " 7 have the power to break any deadlock which may arise between the union and employer representatives on the Board in connection with the administration of the Fund: The decision of the Impartial Chairman shall be final and binding. Virtually all pooled vacation plans in the apparel industry made no reference to time off, vacation pay, or other rules governing vacations.® Some of the plans stated that the contributions to the fund were to- be completely divorced from the question as to whether the employee received time off: Contributions towards vacation benefits shall be paid wholly independent of and without relation to any particu lar vacation week and irrespective of whether or not the worker takes a vacation. A majority of the 16 funded plans in the maritime industry called for a sliding scale based upon the number of days employed during a given period: Number of days employed by contributing employers in a spread of 360 days Number of days of vacation benefits 3 7 10 14 90 180 270 360 '£dfooveJt In addition to the benefits if an employee has been in the continuous employ of 1 employer for 360 con secutive days, he shall be entitled to an additional 14 days of vacation benefits . . . The amount of vacation bene fits shall be prorated in accordance with the average base rate of pay received by the employee in the period used for computing eligibility . . . Other plans in maritime agreements referred to a vacation fund, but did not furnish details. Pooled vacation plans in the construction industry generally specified cents-per-hour or a percent of weekly payroll contributions to a jointly ad ministered vacation fund or health and welfare fund. Provisions governing the length of the vacation period, the amount of vacation pay, and minimum work and service requirements were usually not set forth. Generally, these agree ments stipulated that the yearly vacation benefits were to be determined by the trustees of the fund. Thirty-four of the 37 ratio-to-work plans were in multiemployer agree ments, primarily in the printing industry. They usually provided for maximum vacations of 3 weeks after 1 year of service, and time off prorated on the basis of 1 day1s vacation for each 16 days worked for those employees working For actual vacation payments under pooled plans in the women1s apparel industry, see Earnings in the Women1s and Misses Coat and Suit Industry (in Monthly Labor Review, November 1957, p. 1343). 8 less than a full year. For example: Employees who have held situations for an entire calen dar year shall be entitled to 3 weeks1 vacation with pay during the succeeding calendar year . . . Employees who have held situations for part of a calendar year shall be entitled during the following calendar year to 1 day* s va cation with pay for each 16 days worked as a regular situation holder. Of the remaining 19 plans, 8 were in trucking and longshoring agreements; the rest were distributed among 4 manufacturing and 3 nonmanufacturing industries. Uniform plans negotiated by multiemployer groups appeared in only 12 agreements but were of significance in that 2 contracts represented vir tually all workers in anthracite and bituminous coal mining. These 2 agree ments provided for an annual payment of $140 and $180, respectively, to each worker, plus a vacation period of 14 calendar days. Graduated Plans Length of Vacation.—A maximum vacation of 3 weeks or longer was provided by 4 out of 5 of the 1,515 graduated plans (table 3). Industries in which a majority of the agreements (either in terms of number of agreements or workers covered) did not provide for vacations of at least 3 weeks were: Textiles, apparel, lumber, miscellaneous manufacturing, hotels, and construction. Maximum allowances of 4 weeks appeared in approximately a fifth of the graduated plans. Principal manufacturing industries in which a substantial number of agreements provided for 4 weeks* vacation included food, paper, chemicals, and petroleum. More than two-thirds of the 4-week provisions in nonmanufacturing agreements were in transportation and electric and gas utilities. Five agreements in electric utilities provided for more than 4 weeks* vacation, generally weeks, i. e. , 23 working days. Service Requirements. —Liberalization of maximum vacation allowances under graduated plans has been accompanied by a reduction in the length of service required to receive a specific amount of vacation. Although 1 year* s service remained the usual requirement for 1 week*s vacation, approximately 20 percent of the 1,358 graduated plans providing for a week1s vacation re quired less than a year of service. Only eight plans required more than a year's service (table 4). Virtually all plans provided for 2 weeks* vacation less, and 3 out of 5 required service of 3 years or less. 5 years still remains the predominant service requirement the lesser periods appear to be gaining ground. Almost a allowed 2 weeks* vacation after service of a year or less. after 5 years or Thus, although in this category, fifth of the plans The predominant requirement for 3 weeks* vacation was 15 years* service, accounting for two-thirds of the plans providing for such vacation allowances. However, service of 10 years or less was required by nearly a fourth of the agreements. Only 2 percent of the agreements required mo.r^ than 15 years. T A B L E 3 . — M axim um length o f v a ca tio n p r o v id e d in g r a d u a te d p la n s , m a jo r c o ll e c t iv e ba rga in in g a g r e e m e n t s by in d u s tr y , 1957 M a x im u m len gth o f v a c a t i o n 1 a te d plans 1 w eek In d u stry A g ree m en ts W ork A g ree ers m ents (000 »s) W ork A g ree ers m e n ts (0 0 0 ‘ s) 2 Va ^veeks 2 w eeks lVs w e e k s W orkA g ree ers m e n ts (000*s) W orkA g ree ers m e n ts (000*8) 3 w eek s W ork A g ree ers m e n ts (000 *s) 3Va w eek s W orkA g ree ers m en ts (000 *s) O ver 4 w eeks 4 w eeks W orkA g ree ers m en ts (000 *s) W orkA g ree ers m e n ts (000*8) W ork ers (000 *s) A l l in d u s tr ie s _____________________ 1 ,5 1 5 6 , 4 1 9 .4 4 1 6 .9 4 1 1 .8 202 7 6 4 .0 24 6 3 .8 888 3 ,7 1 1 .8 86 6 8 2 .0 302 1 ,1 5 3 .2 5 1 6 .1 M an u factu rin g _____________________ O rd n a n ce _______________________ F o o d and k in d r e d p r o d u c ts ___ T o b a c c o m a n u fa c tu r e s ________ T e x t ile m il l p r o d u c ts A p p a r e l and o th e r fin is h e d te x tile p r o d u c ts ______________ L u m b e r and w o o d p r o d u c ts (e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ) _________ F u rn itu r e and f i x t u r e s ________ P a p e r and a llie d p r o d u c t s ____ P r in tin g , p u b lish in g , and a llie d in d u s t r ie s _____________ C h e m ic a ls and a llie d p ro d u cts ______________________ P r o d u c t s o f p e tr o le u m and c o a l ____ _____________ __________ R u b b er p r o d u c ts _______________ L e a th e r and le a th e r p r o d u c ts _ _________ ____ __ S ton e, c la y , and g la s s p r o d u c ts ______________________ P r i m a r y m e ta l in d u s t r ie s F a b r ic a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c ts ___ M a c h in e r y (except e l e c t r i c a l ) __ E l e c t r ic a l m a c h in e r y _________ T r a n s p o r ta tio n equ ip m e n t ____ In stru m e n ts and r e la te d p r o d u c ts _ ____ __ __ M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s t r ie s _____________________ 1 ,089 12 113 11 49 4 ,6 3 5 .0 2 5 .3 3 7 5 .0 31 .1 1 1 3 .5 4 _ 1 6 .9 . . 132 1 7 2 35 5 0 5 .5 1 .4 1 4 .5 5 .5 8 9 .7 21 1 2 6 0 .0 3 .3 2 .9 656 10 64 9 8 2 ,7 3 5 .5 2 0 .7 2 0 2 .9 2 5 .6 1 2 .1 82 - - 190 41 1 6 3 5 .6 1 5 3 .7 1 .0 - - 1 1 .8 4 .0 7 .8 6 6 9 .9 - - 4 _ 1 _ 3 - 17 2 0 1 .3 3 1 5 .7 - 12 1 8 2 .3 1 1 .8 1 1 .5 - " “ 15 21 54 3 9 .7 3 2 .0 1 24 .7 - - - “ - “ - 12 9 1 3 1 .9 1 5 .8 1 .4 “ - 1 10 24 2 .0 1 2 .7 4 1 .4 1 1 2 .3 1 .2 2 1 28 5 .8 1 .3 8 0 .8 17 30.1 - - - “ “ “ “ 16 2 8 .1 " 1 2 .0 ■ ■ 52 112. 2 - - - 4 9 .5 - 23 5 5 .4 ~ 25 4 7 .3 “ " 25 23 7 7 .2 1 3 0 .4 - - - - - - - - - * 1 .2 5 4 .9 1 1 1 .2 1 .4 23 4 7 4 .8 7 4 .2 - - 1 18 _ - " - ~ “ - 20 7 0 .5 - - - - 10 3 2 .7 “ • 9 3 6 .4 - - 1 1 .4 - - 40 119 64 147 112 141 1 2 0 .7 7 2 0 .8 1 7 5 .7 4 0 3 .7 4 6 9 .8 1 ,3 0 3 .4 1 _ _ - ~ _ - 2 3 6 6 3 13 1 9 .4 7 .4 1 2 .0 1 5 .3 6 .7 4 7 .2 3 2 1 1 9 27 59 45 117 85 105 7 5 .9 1 3 5 .3 9 1 .4 3 3 7 .6 3 8 9 .5 1 ,1 6 4 .2 3 48 7 5 5 10 7 6 4 18 18 4 1 9 .4 1 5 .7 4 1 .1 3 1 .2 5 7 .7 1 1 .4 - - - “ 1 .2 “ - 26 5 8 .6 " “ - - " 21 4 3 .3 - - 5 1 5 .3 - - 11 1 9.9 - - - - 6 - 1 1 .8 - - N o n m an u factu rin g _ M in in g , c r u d e p e tr o le u m , and n a tu ra l g a s p r o d u c tio n ______ T r a n s p o rta tio n 2 _______________ C o m m u n ic a tio n s U tilitie s : E l e c t r ic and g a s ___ W h o le s a le tr a d e _______________ R e ta il tra d e _ __ H o te ls and r e s ta u r a n ts S e r v ic e s ________________________ C o n s tr u c tio n ____________________ M is c e lla n e o u s n o n m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s t r ie s _________ 426 1 ,7 8 4 .4 - - - - 16 81 76 75 13 82 30 46 6 3 4 .8 4 0 1 .4 5 7 1 .5 186 .6 2 5 .2 2 4 4 .2 1 6 1 .4 1 4 6 .9 1 1 .4 _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - - - - 1 1 .2 - - - 4 .6 3 .7 1 .1 3 .2 3 8 .3 4 .8 5 5 7 .8 2 7 .6 1 8 .6 1 2 .8 4 2 .4 “ * “ “ - ** " - 1 3 .2 1 1 .2 3 3 .7 - 70 2 5 8 .5 3 3 .9 232 9 7 6 .4 4 1 2 .1 112 5 1 7 .6 5 1 6 .1 1 .9 2 3 .9 _ 4 .4 7 .3 2 6 .2 1 3 1 .6 5 3 .0 1 0 .4 2 _ _ _ _ 1 - 2 .9 _ . • _ _ 1 .0 - 5 34 70 27 8 58 10 18 1 9 .8 9 8 .2 5 2 8 .0 6 8 .5 1 6 .1 1 6 5 .4 2 9 .8 5 8 .5 1 .0 4 _ _ _ _ 1 2 .1 _ _ _ _ _ - 11.1 2 7 6 .5 4 3 .6 9 7 .7 1 .8 5 2 .6 _ 3 4 .4 - _ 1 6 .1 - 6 35 6 42 1 13 _ 9 - _ _ 5 _ _ _ - - 1 10 1 4 11 20 18 5 - - “ “ 1 1 .2 - - - “ “ - . _ _ - - - A g r e e m e n t s w h ich p r o v id e d pay in lie u o f v a ca tio n w e r e c la s s i f ie d a c c o r d in g to the n u m b e r o f w e e k s 1 pay p r o v id e d ; w hen v a c a tio n pay w a s e x p r e s s e d a s p e r c e n ta g e o f to ta l annual e a r n in g s , 2 p e r c e n t w as c o n s id e r e d equ iva le n t to 1 w e e k rs v a c a t io n . E x c lu d e s r a ilr o a d s and a ir lin e s . N OTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g, su m s o f in d ivid u al ite m s do n ot n e c e s s a r i l y e qu a l t o t a ls . O T A B L E 4 . — L en gth o f s e r v ic e r e q u ir e d fo r s p e c ific v a c a t io n a llo w a n c e s in g r a d u a te d p la n s , m a jo r c o ll e c t iv e b a rg a in in g a g r e e m e n t s , 1 1957 L en gt h o f v a c a t io n p e r io d A g ree m e n ts T o ta l _ _ ___ __ __ L e s s than 6 m o n t h s _______________ 6 m on th s but l e s s than 1 y e a r ___ 1 y e a r ____ __________________________ O v e r l but l e s s than 2 y e a r s _____ 2 y e a r s ______ ________ O v e r 2 but l e s s than 3 y e a r s _____ 3 y e a r s _ ____ _______ 4 y e a r s _ _____________ 5 years ___ ;___________ ______ 6 y e a r s ______ __ ____ ___________ ___ 7 y e a r s __ _ _______ _ _ ______ 8 y e a r s _________________________ __ _ 9 y e a r s _____________________________ 10 y e a r s __________ _______ _____ 11 y e a r s ____________________________ 12 y e a r s ____ __ __ _ _ ___ 13 y e a r s _______ _____ 14 y e a r s ____________________________ 15 y e a r s _____ _____________ ___ 18 y e a r 8 ____________________________ 19 y e a r s __________ __ __ 20 y e a r s ____________________________ 21 y e a r s ____________________________ 24 y e a r s _______________________ :_____ 2 5 y e a r s ____________________________ 26 y e a r s ____________________________ 30 y e a r s ------------------------------------------O v e r 30 y e a r s _____________________ O t h e r 2 _______________________ ______ 1 w eek V2 w e e k L en gth o f s e r v ic e r e q u ir e d W o rk W orkA g ree ers ers m ents (000 ts ) (0 0 0 's ) 292 1 .0 1 3 .4 1.3 5 8 5 .7 0 5 .6 84 207 1 _ _ - 2 3 9 .5 7 7 2 .8 1 .1 . . . - 55 1 3 6 .4 218 8 7 2 .3 1 ,077 4 ,6 7 4 .7 7 18 .3 1 4 .0 . . - lVa w e e k s 2 w eeks W orkA g ree A g ree ers m ents (000*s) m e n ts 437 2 ,6 0 2 .1 50 17 52 45 4 260 5 1 _ 3 1 5 0 .5 6 1 .6 2 0 0 .8 1 4 9 .5 1 7 .5 2 ,0 0 5 .4 8 .9 4 .0 _ . _ 4 .2 3 w eeks 2Va w e e k s W ork A g ree ers m e n ts (000 «s) 1 ,4 9 3 6 ,3 1 8 . 7 355 2 ,3 5 6 .6 1 ,2 7 4 5 , 5 3 8 . 4 106 7 3 4 .8 9 7 .7 1 ,0 8 4 .7 5 2 .8 1 ,0 7 3 .3 2 .5 1 ,1 8 7 .4 8 4 .6 2 ,7 1 9 . 6 4 .3 1 .0 1 0 .6 . 2 5 _ 1 4 7 3 22 3 10 15 13 181 11 51 1 1 12 1 _ 11 8 .4 2 7 .9 1 .6 1 3 .4 1 1 .3 2 6 .6 1 3 5 .8 1 4 .3 2 0 .3 4 8 .0 2 8 .1 1 ,6 4 2 .0 4 7 .7 2 7 6 .8 1 .2 2 .0 2 3 .8 4 .5 2 3 .3 3 9 .6 _ 7 1 2 .5 1 1 .6 7 2 0 .4 1 1 .2 47 1 1 1 .7 5 1 8 .4 8 2 6 .9 6 .3 2 226 5 9 9 .2 5 7 8 .5 85 5 2 9 .9 1 .0 1 2 4 .3 11 834 4 ,0 2 9 . 8 1 2 .4 5 13 2 5 .3 4 .6 2 2 5 .3 11 _ - . _ 2 _ 16 4 4 1 66 _ 13 _ _ - '' 4 .3 _ 5 3 .8 . 9 .9 1 1 .3 1 .5 6 2 4 .8 _ _ 2 9 .4 29 248 20 293 2 312 37 545 3 1 3 - B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s o f in divid u al ite m s do n ot n e c e s s a r il y e qu a l to t a ls . O v er 4 w eek s 4 w eek s W ork W ork W ork A g ree A g ree er s A g r e e ers ers m ents m en ts m ents (0Q0 *s ) (000 *s) (000 *s) 1 1 ,5 1 5 a g r e e m e n t s c o v e r in g 6 ,4 1 9 ,4 0 0 w o r k e r s . 2 In clu d e s a g r e e m e n t s w h ich p r o v id e h a lf w e e k ly in c re m e n ts fo r s e r v ic e r e q u ir e m e n ts n ot s e p a r a t e ly sh ow n , N OTE: 3 V2 w eek s W ork W orkA g ree ers ers m ents (000*8; (000 *s) 307 1 ,1 6 9 .2 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 1 3 .6 _ • _ 3 .1 _ - _ _ 4 _ 2 3 . 7 1 _ 64 8 209 7 2 4 .6 _ 1 7 .3 2 .0 _ 3 3 4 .9 2 1 .6 7 2 0 .1 4 2 .0 1 0 .2 t y p ic a lly l e s s than fu ll y e a r ly in t e r v a ls . _ _ • _ _ _ . 4 1 _ _ 16.1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 1 1.3 4 .8 - 11 Twenty-five years of service was required by two-thirds of the plans providing 4 weeks* vacation. A fourth of the 4-week plans required service of 20 years or less. The shortest length-of-service requirement for 4 weeks was 5 years, which appeared in 4 agreements. Half-Week and Day Allowances.— More than a third of the graduated plans provided for vacation allowances of fractions of a week in addition to full weekly units. For example, an agreement might provide for 1 week's vacation after 1 year of service, 2 weeks after 5 years, and 1 additional day for each year of service between 1 and 5. Thus, a worker with 3 years of service would be entitled to 1 week and 2 days.9 Another frequent clause pro vided for 2 weeks* vacation with 80 hours* pay after 5 years of service, 2% weeks with 100 hours* pay after 10 years, and 3 weeks with 120 hours* pay after 15 years. A majority of plans providing vacations at the iy 2 -week level required service of 3 years (table 4). Almost all of the remaining plans required be tween 1 and 3 years of service. The service requirements for weeks* vacation varied widely, but half of the 2 y2 -week plans required 10 years; a majority of the remainder required less than 10 years. Provision for 31/ 2 weeks* vacations appeared in 106 plans, more than half of which were at the 25-year level. Five plans provided for more than 4 weeks but less than 5— 4 were effective after 25 years of service and 1 after 26. Zl/z Provision was also made in a number of agreements for less than weekly allowances to employees who did not meet the standard service require ments. Such agreements usually provided that short-service employees re ceived a prorata vacation based upon total service during the preceding period; a specified number of days off, but vacation pay computed as a percentage of the worker's total earnings; or a fixed allowance in terms of both time off and pay. Illustrative clauses follow: a*e aje ije Employees who have held regular situations with the em ployer for less than 1 year as of May 1st of any year shall be entitled to 1 day* s paid vacation for each 23 regular days worked by that date, not to exceed 5 days. * * * Each employee who . . . has been actively in the employ of the corporation for less than 1 year shall be entitled . . . to a vacation of 1 week with pay, less usual deduc tions, equal to 2 percent of his gross earnings during the preceding calendar year. Industry Variations. —Industries which provided the higher maximum vacation allowances also tended to be more liberal in the allowances at other service levels (table 5). For example, in the petroleum industry, where al most all plans provided for a 4-week maximum, a 2 weeks* vacation was generally granted after 1 year's service, and half of the plans provided 3 weeks after 10 years. Also, in utilities and transportation, where a con siderable number of plans provided for 4 weeks* vacation, provision was made, in most cases, for 2 weeks1 vacation after 2 or 3 years. 9 For purposes of this study, a half week was computed as 2 days but less than 4 days, or 16 hours but less than 32 hours, or 1 percent but less than 2 percent of annual earnings. T A B L E 5 . — L en gth o f s e r v ic e r e q u ir e d f o r s p e c ific v a c a tio n a llo w a n c e s in g ra d u a te d p la n s , m a jo r c o ll e c t iv e b a r g a in in g a g r e e m e n t s ,1 b y in d u stry, 1957 y 2 w e e k 's v a ca tio n a ft e r — In d u stry L e s s them 6 m onths 6 m onths 1 ye a r W o rk ers (0001 s) 1 w eek* s v a c a tio n a fte r — O ver 1 - le s s than 2 y e a r s W ork ers (000* s) L e s s than 6 m onths A g ree m e n ts W ork ers (0 0 0 * s ) 1. 1 55 1 3 6 .4 218 1. 1 37 1 1 83. 9 1 .4 1 .4 135 _ A g ree m en ts W ork ers (000*s) A ll in d u s tr ie s _ ____________________ 84 2 3 9 .5 207 7 7 2 .8 1 M a n u fa ctu rin g 60 1 6 1 5 1 4 2 .4 1 .4 1 3 .7 2. 9 6. 8 171 1 9 2 14 637. 8 4. 5 1 9 .8 2. 9 3 0 .4 1 _ 1 1 .1 2 5 .5 5 1 6 1 .7 - - 1 1 3 1.0 2. 5 6 .2 _ 3 6 _ 3. 7 1 1 .7 _ _ - - - - 7 17. 7 1 1.1 - - 6 6 9 .6 5 1 7 .8 - - _ 1 _ 1.1 _ 1 _ 2 2 .0 . _ - - - 5 19.0 _ 1 _____________________ F o o d and k in d r e d p ro d u cts ------ A p p a r e l and o th e r fin is h e d te x tile p r o d u c ts ______________ L u m b e r and w o o d p ro d u cts (e x c e p t fu r n itu r e ) _____________ P a p e r and a llie d p r o d u c ts -_____ P r in t in g , p u b lis h in g , and a llie d i n d u s t r i e s ______________ C h e m ic a ls and a llie d p r o d u c ts ______________________ P r o d u c t s o f p e t r o le u m and c o a l __________________________ . R u b b e r p r o d u c ts -----------------------L e a th e r and le a th e r p r o d u c ts . _ ....... S to n e , c la y , and g la s s p r o d u c ts .. ... ... _ . . . P r im a r y m e ta l i n d u s t r i e s __ __ F a b r ic a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c ts ____ M a c h in e r y (e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) __ E l e c t r ic a l m a c h in e r y __________ T r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u i p m e n t _____ In stru m e n ts and r e la te d M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s t r ie s _ ..... ... . N o n m an u factu rin g _________________ M in in g , c r u d e p e t r o le u m , and n a tu ral gas p r o d u c tio n _______ T r a n s p o r t a t io n 2 ________________ C o m m u n ic a tio n s _______________ U tilit ie s : E l e c t r ic and g a s ----- _ _____________________ H o t e l s and r e s t a u r a n t s C o n s tr u c tio n ___ ________ — M is c e lla n e o u s n on m an u fa c tu rin g in d u s t r ie s __________ A g ree m en ts 1 ,0 7 7 4, 674. 7 7 1 8 .3 1 4 .0 815 7 96 2 38 3, 6 1 7 .8 15. 6 3 3 6 .2 2. 9 9 6 .2 5 _ 1 6 .2 _ 1 _ 1 _ 1 .1 5 11 3 6 6 .0 _ 8. 6 14. 9 1 7 .3 1 _ 4 .0 _ 4 .0 _ • 7 2 2 .2 7 2 4 .3 - - - - 1 2 2 6 .5 3 .8 3 .8 14 17 51 3 3 .2 25 . 5 119. 7 _ _ - - - - - 1 5 .9 6 7 .4 2 2 .7 - - “ • 3 4 .5 7 1 1 .2 32 7 1 .3 - - - - . - 1 .5 - 2 .4 1 3 0 .4 - _ - . - 1 - 2 23 - - 2. 1 1 1. 4 18 6 7 .0 _ 4 7 5 20 25 16 14. 1 21 . 8 9 .4 2 8 .0 8 4 .2 87. 6 ‘ 36 107 56 117 77 94 106. 6 6 8 4 .3 1 5 5 .4 3 4 2 .5 3 4 2 .9 1 ,0 2 2 .7 2 2 - - 4 1 5 .9 7 1 3 .0 13 2 7 .4 - - 1 1 .2 4 9. 7 6 9 .0 _ _ 18 52. 5 83 5 0 6 .3 262 1 ,0 5 6 .9 2 2. 1 2 _ 6 2 .6 _ 3 6 .1 _ 9 1 5 3 .8 1 .2 11 68 21 31 10 65 29 22 2 5 .7 3 7 1 .2 1 4 3 .2 7 0 .5 2 0 .9 1 8 8 .5 1 5 9 .8 6 7 .1 1 0 .2 2 .1 _ 6 .0 1. 6 6 .3 - 6 .8 40 6. 6 2 9 .9 1 .2 6 .8 . 2 4 1 2 52 15 1 3 2 8 .9 4 5 .6 3 4. 5 1 1. 5 ‘ _ 24 9 7 .1 36 135 .0 2 4 9 5 .2 3 7 .1 2 2 .0 _ 4 3 6 1 8 6 8 - 5 .9 2 8 .5 2 5 .9 1.0 2 0 .4 1 7 .7 3 5 .8 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 - - - _ _ 5 _ _ - A g ree m en ts W ork ers (000* s) _ _ _ - 7 ' S e e fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le . - 4 _ • _ 1 1 .3 2 .9 1 8 .8 - 8 7 2 .3 A g ree m en ts 5. 7 1 0 .9 5 .1 7 .2 1 2 .8 1 3 .4 2 2 .0 2 8 .2 6 9 .0 1 0 9 .4 9 4 .4 years A g ree m en ts A g ree m e n ts W ork ers (000* s) _ 8 9 12 32 31 22 c. W ork ers (000* s) 4 3 4 4 5 2 .2 2 .2 3 .0 2 .9 30. 6 3 2 4 - W ork ers (000* s) O ver 1 - le s s than 2 y e a r s 1 year _ . _ . - 2 1 2 2 9 W h o le s a le tra d e R e t a il trad e A g ree m ents 6 m on th s - l e s s than 1 y e a r _ _ _ 11. 6 3 .5 _ _ . - _ _ . - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - T A B L E 5 . — L en gth o f s e r v ic e r e q u ir e d f o r s p e c ific v a c a tio n a llo w a n c e s in g ra d u a te d p la n s , m a jo r c o ll e c t iv e b a rg a in in g a g r e e m e n t s ,1 b y in d u s tr y , 1957 - C on tinued \ x/ z In d u stry 6 m onths - le s s than 1 y e a r A g ree m ents W o rk ers ( 0 0 0 's) w eeks' v a c a tio n a fter— O v e r 1. - l e s s than 2 y e a r s 1 year A g ree m en ts W ork ers (0 0 0 f s) A g ree m en ts 2 years W ork(OOCMs) 3 years A g ree m e n ts W ork ers ( 0 0 0 's ) O th er A g ree m en ts W ork ers (0 0 0 » s ) A g ree m ents W ork ers (0 0 0 ‘ s) A ll in d u s t r ie s _______________________ 50 1 5 0 .5 17 6 1 .6 52 2 0 0 .8 45 1 4 9 .5 260 2 ,0 0 5 .4 13 3 4 .5 M a n u fa ctu rin g ______________________ O rd n a n ce ___________________ F o o d and k in d r e d p r o d u c t s _____ T o b a c c o m a n u f a c t u r e s __________ T e x t ile m il l p r o d u c t s ___________ A p p a r e l and o th e r fin is h e d te x t ile p r o d u c ts _______________ L u m b e r and w o o d p r o d u c ts (e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ) _____________ F u rn itu r e and fix t u r e s _________ P a p e r and a llie d p r o d u c t s _____ P r in t in g , p u b lis h in g , and a llie d i n d u s t r i e s _______________ C h e m ic a ls and a llie d p r o d u c t s _____ ________ _____ P r o d u c t s o f p e t r o le u m and coal ___________________ ___ R u b b e r p r o d u c t s ________________ L e a th e r and le a th e r p r o d u c t s __ _________________ ..__ S to n e , c la y , and g la s s p r o d u c ts _______________ _____ P r i m a r y m e ta l i n d u s t r i e s --------F a b r ic a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c t s _____ M a c h in e r y (e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) __ E l e c t r ic a l m a c h in e r y _________ T r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u i p m e n t _____ In stru m e n ts and r e la te d p rod u cts -----------------------M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s t r ie s ------------------------------- 31 1 5 1 7 1 .4 1 .4 12.1 _ 1.5 13 _ _ 3 9 .6 _ _ _ 36 . 4 _ 1 2 1 .0 8 .5 - 9 0 .4 4 .3 1 .5 1 6 .5 246 1 1 23 1 ,9 7 5 . 9 3 .3 1 .2 _ 4 9 .8 13 1 1 3 4 .5 4 .0 1 .3 1 4 .0 - 1 “ 2 .5 - 1 N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ______ ________ M in in g , c r u d e p e t r o le u m , and n a tu ra l gas p r o d u c t i o n _______ T r a n s p o r t a t io n 2 _________________ C o m m u n ic a tio n s _ __ ________ U tilit ie s : E l e c t r ic and gas ____ W h o le s a le tra d e ______ ______ R e t a il tra d e _____________________ H o te ls and re s ta u r a n ts _ _____ S e r v i c e s ________________ _____ C o n s t r u c t i o n __________________ M is c e lla n e o u s n onm an u fa c tu r in g in d u s tr ie s _________ S ee fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le . - “ 1 .3 - - - 37 . 4 1 3 1 1 .5 “ ~ “ 1 . 2 .4 1 1 2 2 .0 1 .3 5 ,5 2 ' 2 .4 " 2 6 .2 7 1 7 .4 - - 1 1 .1 - “ 5 7 .5 - - 6 9 .8 1 7 .3 1 2 .0 " ~ - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - 1 4 .0 - “ - ■ “ - - - - - ~ - - - - - “ . 2 5 . . 8 .2 1 2.0 . 3 2 5 . _ 5 .0 1 8 .5 12. 6 1 1 1 5 11 3 1 .5 1 .8 5 .5 1 0 .5 5 8 .3 1 8 .0 3 2 2 5 5 5 4 .7 2 .9 3 .1 9 .7 2 0 .0 9 .0 4 61 18 51 37 42 6 .5 6 0 1 .4 4 3 .7 2 0 6 .7 2 3 0 .8 8 1 8 .2 1 1 3 2 ” 1 0 .0 2 .2 4 .3 3 .7 * 2 3 .7 - - 1 2 .3 2 2 .8 2 2 .4 1 1 .4 1 1 .2 2 2 .2 - - ■ 2 3 .8 1 1 .5 19 79.1 4 2 2 .0 16 79. 8 8 5 9 .1 14 2 9 .5 - - 3 5 6 8 .7 38. 6 11.0 . 2 .0 1 .6 1 7 .4 - 3 . . 1 - 9 .0 - 2 3 2 3 .4 2 8 .5 1 2 .5 1 0 .2 1 8 .3 7 .0 1 2 1 1 3 1 .9 3 .0 - 5 5 1 1 2 1 3 .3 1 0 .3 - “ “ - 1 1 3 “ - 1 3 .0 - - 4 3 2 ■ - - - 1 .2 3 5 .0 1 8 .1 - 2 .2 1 .3 2 .5 T A B L E 5 . — -Length o f s e r v ic e r e q u ir e d f o r s p e c ific v a ca tio n a llo w a n c e s in g ra d u a te d p la n s , m a jo r c o ll e c t iv e b a r g a in in g a g r e e m e n t s ,1 b y in d u s tr y , 1957 - C on tin u ed 2 w e e k s ' v a c a t io n a fte r — 6 m onths - le s s than 1 y e a r In d u stry A g ree m ents W o rk ers ( 0 0 0 's) 2 years 1 year A g ree m ents W ork ers (0 0 0 's ) 3 years 5 years A g ree m en ts W ork ers ( 0 0 0 's) A g ree m e n ts W ork ers ( 0 0 0 's ) A g ree m en ts O th er W ork ers (000* s) A g ree m en ts W ork ers ( 0 0 0 's ) 29 9 7 .7 248 1 , 0 8 4 .7 293 1 ,0 7 3 . 3 312 1 ,1 8 7 . 4 545 2 ,7 1 9 .6 66 155. 7 M a n u fa ctu rin g _______________ __ O rd n a n ce ____ _____________ — F o o d and k in d r e d p r o d u c t s _____ T o b a c c o m a n u fa ctu re s _ _____ T e x t ile m ill p r o d u c ts ___________ A p p a r e l and o th e r fin is h e d t e x tile p r o d u c ts ____________ L u m b e r and w ood p r o d u c ts (e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ) ______________ F u rn itu r e and fix t u r e s _ „ P a p e r and a llie d p r o d u c ts _____ P r in t in g , p u b lis h in g and a llie d i n d u s t r i e s _______________ C h e m ic a ls and a llie d p r o d u c ts ------------------------------------P r o d u c t s o f p e t r o le u m and coal __________________________ R u b b e r p r o d u c ts ________________ L e a th e r and le a th e r p r o d u c ts ------------------------------S ton e, c la y , and g la s s p r o d u c ts __ ____________________ P r im a r y m e ta l in d u s t r ie s ____ F a b r ic a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c ts _____ M a c h in e r y (e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) __ E l e c t r ic a l m a c h in e r y _________ T r a n s p o r ta tio n equ ip m e n t - ___ In stru m e n ts and r e la te d p r o d u c ts ______________________ M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s ___________________ 15 1 1 1 - 3 3 .4 1 .4 1 .4 4 .5 - 143 4 14 8 1 690. 7 8 .4 3 2 .3 2 3 .7 1. 5 126 1 32 _ 3 5 1 .5 1 .4 7 9 .3 - - - 223 3 44 2 4 7 2 5 .8 8 .9 1 5 2 .1 2 .9 1 9 .3 513 3 19 40 2 ,6 2 7 .5 5 .3 1 0 1 .4 8 3 .7 47 2 1 1 0 5 .0 4 .6 1 .2 - - 9 1 7 5 .5 1 3 .0 1 1 .5 3 5 .6 ■ - - - - _ 2 - 4 .0 - 1 2 4 1 0 .0 4 .2 9 .5 9 6 32 2 0 .8 8 .8 8 8 .0 4 10 18 6 .9 1 3 .8 2 7 .3 1 “ 1 7 .0 12 18. 1 1 3 3 .9 * ~ " " 15 9 1 2 .6 5 9 .6 5 1 4 .8 _ - - - 17 120. 9 2 6 2 .4 9 .5 - - N on m an u factu rin g ________________ M in in g , c r u d e p e t r o le u m , and natu ral gas p r o d u c t i o n _______ T r a n s p o r ta tio n 2________________ C o m m u n ic a tio n s _ ------- „ ----U tilitie s : E l e c t r ic and gas ____ W h o le s a le tra d e _________________ R e t a il t r a d e --------------------------------H o te ls and re s ta u r a n ts _________ S e r v ic e s ------------------------------------C o n s t r u c t i o n ___ _________________ M is c e lla n e o u s n onm an u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s _ ______ A ll in d u s tr ie s _ __ __ __ „ ______ - - 16 34. 6 1 - 1 .5 ” 22 - 7 3 .3 - - - - 1 _ 2 3 1 .0 _ 2. 7 8 .1 1 _ 12 7 29 9 .8 _ 37. 9 3 2 .8 219. 5 3 4 .7 6 1 9 .6 1 1 .2 - - 14 6 4 .3 105 3 9 4 .0 2 2 6 _ 2 .6 2 0 .4 3 6 .1 - 5 7 28 32 3 15 9. 1 1 5 .3 1 9 8 .8 7 1 .9 4 .3 5 2 .0 _ _ 1 3 - 1 .6 3 .7 - _ „ 13 1 4 0 .2 1 .2 1 1 .2 2 6 .9 1 4 .5 1 1 .2 18 6 4 .8 “ 5 4 8 13 24 9 1 1 .9 7 .2 1 9 .6 2 6 .2 8 8 .4 50. 9 5 8 10 17 21 22 8 .0 1 5 .9 5 2 .7 2 5 .0 7 1 .6 8 6 .6 28 98 41 95 44 69 9 8 .2 6 7 0 .1 9 0 .8 2 9 9 .3 2 3 0 .3 8 9 3 .3 1 3 4 8 14 5 1 .5 3 .3 6. 7 1 2 .4 4 4 .1 1 0 .3 3 5 .4 6 1 6 .5 6 9 .4 2 3 .0 2 2 .2 3 9 .0 4 6 .3 1 1 .2 167 721. 8 89 4 6 1 .6 32 9 2 .1 19 5 0 .7 19 44 27 5 41 24 7 - 4 7 .7 3 3 5 .0 6 2 .6 1 2 .6 1 3 2 .9 1 1 4 .7 1 6 .5 - 2 36 _ 6 3 21 4 16 1 3 .9 2 8 4 .4 1 0 .0 5 .1 4 7 .7 4 3 .8 6 5 .4 1 .5 9 13 2 1 2 1 .8 4 5 .0 3 .2 1 .3 4 2 4 6 .5 1 7 .4 6 .2 1 0 .4 1 .3 7 .5 1 .5 ' S ee fo o tn o te s at end o f t a b le . 1. 1 • 2 .0 " . - 4 3 1 3 .7 7 .2 - 4 1 3 1 * T A B L E 5 . — L en gth o f s e r v ic e r e q u ir e d f o r s p e c ific v a c a tio n a llo w a n c e s in g ra d u a te d p la n s , m a jo r c o ll e c t iv e b a r g a in in g a g r e e m e n t s ,1 b y in d u s tr y , 1957 - C on tinued 2 % w eeks* v a c a t io n a ft e r — O ve r ] - l e s s than 5 y e a r s 1 year In d u stry A g ree m ents W ork ers (000* s) A ll in d u s tr ie s _ __ ________________ 5 M a n u fa ctu rin g ____________________ O rd n a n ce __ ____________ __ F o o d and k in d r e d p r o d u c ts ____ T o b a c c o m a n u f a c t u r e s _________ T e x t ile m ill p r o d u c ts __________ A p p a r e l and o th e r fin is h e d te x t ile p r o d u c ts _____________ L u m b e r and w o o d p r o d u c ts (e x c e p t fu r n itu r e ) _____________ F u rn itu r e and f i x t u r e s ________ P a p e r and a llie d p r o d u c t s _____ P r in t in g , p u b lis h in g , and a llie d in d u s t r ie s --------------------C h e m ic a ls and a llie d p r o d u c ts _______________________ P r o d u c t s o f p e tr o le u m and coal ____________ __ _________ R u b b e r p r o d u c ts _ __________ L e a th e r and le a th e r p r o d u c ts ______________________ _ S to n e , cla y, and g la s s p r o d u c ts ____________ ______ P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s _____ F a b r ic a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c t s ____ M a c h in e r y (e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l) — E l e c t r ic a l m a c h i n e r y ___ ,______ T r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u i p m e n t _____ In stru m e n ts and r e la te d p rod u cts ______ _____ ______ M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s t r ie s ______________._______ 3 _ N on m an u factu rin g __ _____ __ __ M in in g , c r u d e p e t r o le u m , and n a tu ra l gas p r o d u c t i o n _______ T r a n s p o r t a t io n 2 — __ — — C o m m u n ic a tio n s _ __ __ __ __ U tilit ie s : E l e c t r ic and g a s ___ W h o le s a le tra d e _______________ R e t a il tra d e _____________________ H o te ls and r e s t a u r a n t s ________ S e r v ic e s ____________ ______ _ C o n s tr u c tio n -------- -------- --------M is c e lla n e o u s non m an u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s S ee fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le . O ver 5 - le s s than 10 y e a r s 5 years W ork - A g ree m ents A g ree m en ts 2 7 .9 16 5 4 .0 22 1 3 5 .8 43 1 1 4 .3 2 5 .3 _ 9 _ 1 2 .7 _ _ 21 _ _ 1 3 4 .4 _ 108. 1 _ 2 .0 (000* s) A g ree m en ts W ork ers (000* s) W ork ers (000* s) A g ree m en ts 181 1, 6 4 2 .0 68 333. 9 174 1 1 - 1 ,6 1 8 . 3 3 .3 1 .0 - 59 1 - 317 . 6 3 .4 - W ork A g ree ers m e n ts (000* s ) . W ork ers (000* s) O v e r 10 - le s s than 15 y e a r s 10 y e a r s 15 y e a r s O th er W ork ers (000* s) A g ree m en ts W ork ers (0 0 0 * s) 12 2 3 .8 8 2 5 .3 22 . 7 12. 6 _ 2 .9 3 1 - 1 2 .9 1 .4 - A g ree m en ts - - - - 38 _ _ 2 “ ~ - 11 6 2 - - - - 1 1 .8 - - - - - “ - - " - _ - _ 1 1 _ 1 .3 1 .2 _ - _ - 2 .4 2 ■ 3 .8 - 1 2 2 .0 3 .2 - ~ - - • 1 * ~ “ * - - " ~ “ " ” 1 7 .0 1 2 .0 2 1 1 .1 - ■ “ 1 1 3 .0 3 .1 - * ~ 1 3 .8 2 9 .3 “ - 2 6 .2 1 4 .0 1 9 1 .2 4 0 .8 " . - _ _ _ _ - - " - - - - - - “ - - ~ - “ - 1 1 .4 * 1 _ 3 2 1. 1 4 .5 2. 7 5 2 2 2 6 14. 7 8 .2 4 4 .2 1 8 .5 3 5 .2 3 2 5 15 5 1 1 .9 6 .6 1 2 .1 4 3 .0 9 .2 3 60 19 39 10 34 5 .1 5 8 0 .8 6 5 .6 1 4 0 .2 2 0 .3 7 8 9 .4 1 12 19 7 1 .5 2 4 .9 2 0 6 .2 2 3 .5 - “ 1 1 .0 1 9 .0 2 2 .2 4 4 .8 " ~ “ “ ~ _ 2 - _ 2 4 .1 - 1 1 .2 - 2 2 .6 7 1 1 - - . _ 1 .6 1.0 “ 1 2 - ' ' - 2 2 " “ “ “ “ 1 ~ 4 .5 “ - - “ - 1 1 .5 4 1 .3 1 1 .4 5 6 .2 7 2 3 .8 9 1 6 .3 1 1 .1 5 1 2 .4 1 .2 3. 4 - 1 - 1 .4 ■ 2 1 1 1 2 .2 1 .3 1 .2 1 .5 ~ 5 1 1 16. 7 1 .8 5 .3 ~ 1 7 1 “ 1. 6 1 3 .7 1 .0 “ 1 - 1 .1 ” 1 4 - 1 .1 1 1 .3 - - 1 0 .9 2 5 .0 ** - " ' ~ T A B L E 5 . — L en gth q £ s e r v ic e r e q u ir e d f o r s p e c ific v a ca tio n a llo w a n c e s in g ra d u a te d p la n s , m a jo r c o ll e c t iv e b a r g a in in g a g r e e m e n t s ,1 b y in d u s t r y , 1957 - C on tin u ed 3 w e e k s 1 v a c a tio n a fter— In du stry L e s s than 5 years O ver 5 - le s s than 10i y e a r s 5 y« a r s 12 y e a r s 10 y e a r s W ork W o rk W o rk A g ree A g ree A g ree A g ree ers ers ers m en ts m ents m e n ts m en ts (000* s) (000* s) (0 0 0 * s) 15 y e a r s 20 y e a r s 25 >rears W ork "W ork W ork W orkW ork A g ree A g ree A g ree A g ree ers ers ers ers ers m e n ts m en ts m e n ts m en ts (0 0 0 * s) (000* s) (0 0 0 * s) (000* s) (000* s) O th er A g ree m en ts W orkers (000 r-8) A ll i n d u s t r i e s ____ ___ ________ __„ 19 4 5 .2 47 1 1 1 .7 15 51. 6 226 5 9 9 .2 85 5 2 9 .9 834 4 ,0 2 9 .8 13 2 5 .3 11 2 5 .3 24 1 2 0 .6 M an u factu rin g _ ___ __ O rd n a n ce ____________________ F o o d and k in d re d p r o d u c ts ____________________ T o b a c c o m a n u f a c t u r e s ______ T e x t ile m ill p r o d u c t s _______ A p p a r e l and o th e r fin is h e d t e x tile p r o d u c ts — L u m b e r and w o o d p r o d u c ts (e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ] _________ F u rn itu re and f i x t u r e s __ 1__ P a p e r and a llie d p r o d u c ts __ P r in t in g , p u b lis h in g , and a llie d i n d u s t r i e s ___________ C h e m ic a ls and a llie d p r o d u c ts __ ___ P r o d u c t s o f p e tr o le u m and c o a l ____________________ R u b b e r p r o d u c ts ____________ L e a th e r and le a th e r p r o d u c ts _____ „ S to n e , c la y ,a n d g la s s p r o d u c t s ____ __ __________ __ P r im a r y m e ta l i n d u s t r i e s __ F a b r ic a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c ts __ __ ___ M a c h in e r y (e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l) ______ __ E l e c t r ic a l m a c h in e r y ______ T r a n s p o rta tio n eq u ip m e n t — In stru m en ts and r e la te d p r o d u c ts M is c e lla n e o u s m an u fa c tu rin g in d u s t r ie s _______ 11 3 1 .1 “ 16 - 22. 7 - 10 - 3 0 .2 - 147 1 3 8 9 .1 3 .0 40 4 2 2 5 .3 6 .8 662 5 3 , 1 8 0 .0 1 0 .9 11 - 2 0 .3 - 10 - 2 4 .2 - 15 - 9 5 .6 - 3 - 1 2 .4 - 7 _ 1 1 .6 - 8 _ 2 3 .9 . 33 1 7 5 .6 1 .4 _ - _ - _ 1 - . 2 .9 - 1 1 .5 - 4 - 8 .2 - - 2 1 3 .5 22. 7 1 1 .8 5 - - 45 8 8 “ ■ ■ 1 1 .5 ■ ~ “ 2 “ 5 .8 " 1 6 2 .0 8 .0 1 1 .3 “ 1 0 3 .7 - - - N on m an u factu rin g ______________ M in in g , c r u d e p e t r o le u m , and n a tu ra l gas p r o d u c t i o n __________________ T r an spo rta tio n 2 ____________ C o m m u n ica tio n s _ _____ __ U tilitie s : E l e c t r ic and gas W h o le s a le tra d e _____________ R e ta il trade _________ __ H ote ls and r e s t a u r a n t s _____ S e r v ic e s __ ___ __ ______ C o n stru e t i o n - ________________ M is c e lla n e o u s nonm an u fa c tu rin g i n d u s t r i e s ______ 8 14.1 31 8 9 .0 5 2 1 .4 79 2 1 0 .1 45 3 . _ _ 2 1 2 - 7 .2 _ 4 2 _ 1 16 3 5 - 1 1 .7 3 .1 4 . _ 1 8 .5 _ 2 19 _ 17 3 27 4 5 1 2 .3 6 6 .2 . 2 5 .6 5 .6 6 9 .6 1 4 .9 2 3 .9 1 .0 29 2 3 _ 7 _ 4 - 1 1 .2 - - - - - - ~ ” " - - ■ - . - 1 1 .3 _ - - 3 3 .5 “ - “ - - - 9 1 5 .4 3 4 .3 41 8 1 8 .7 8 9 .8 - ■ 1 1 .6 “ “ “ * - - “ “ ” ■ “ " - - ** “ • * " ■ “ “ - 1 7 .3 4 7 .9 - - 1 1 .1 3 7 .3 ■ - - - - - - 12 2 2 .0 “ - 31 6 5 .6 . _ . _ _ . - - - - - - 48. 6 2 .2 - - 12 2 - - 13 17 2 8 .6 5 4 .2 - - * - - - - * “ “ 10 3 7. 8 * “ “ “ “ . - - - - “ - 1 1 1. 5 1 .0 2 1 3 .3 9 .8 31 106 9 1 .0 6 8 2 .9 2 " 2 .8 " ** " 1 2 1 .5 2 .1 1 1 .5 2 4 .6 50 1 4 4 .8 1 1 .0 1 2 .2 • - - - - - - - - . - . . . . - - - 1 - 4 .0 “ 15 31 18 2 4 .7 8 1 .6 8 7 .8 6 1 18 1 1 .2 2 .9 1 7 4 .1 115 73 79 3 4 5 .3 3 6 6 .2 9 4 8 .8 3 2 1 5 .0 5 .2 2 .2 . 2 2 .2 1 3 .0 - - - - 1 2 .3 6 17. 9 1 2 .7 18 3 5 .7 - - - - - - 4 5 .5 - - - - “ 304 . 6 172 8 4 9 .8 2 5 .0 1 1 .1 9 2 5 .1 2 5 6 .8 3 .0 9 .7 _ 2 8 .7 6 .5 - 12 7 71 48 4 18 1 11 * 2 8 .7 1 1 .3 5 6 0 .0 1 3 0 .0 8 .5 5 7 .0 3 .0 5 1 .5 - . 1 . 1 - 2 .0 _ 3 .0 - 1 _ - 1 .1 - 2 1 5 1 - 2 .1 5 .5 1 5 .0 2 .5 - - - _ _ 2 .8 1. 6 2 .6 - _ 1 .3 5 7 .1 7 .4 8 .5 - - _ _ _ 1 2 .9 _ . _ - - " ' S ee fo o tn o te s at end o f t a b le . ' ' - - - - - “ r T A B L E 5 . — L en gth o f s e r v ic e r e q u ir e d f o r s p e c ific v a c a tio n a llo w a n c e s in g ra d u a te d p la n s , m a jo r c o ll e c t iv e b a r g a in in g a g r e e m e n t s ,1 by in d u s tr y , 1957 - C on tin u ed 31/# w eek s* v a c a tio n a ft e r — 12 y e a r s In d u stry 20 y e a r s 15 y e a r s W ork ers (000* s) 25 y e a r s W ork ers (0 0 0 * s) O th er W ork ers (0 0 0 * s) A g ree m ents W ork ers (000* s) A ll in d u s tr ie s ___________________________________ 2 4 .3 16 5 3 .8 4 M a n u fa ctu rin g __________________________________ O rd n a n ce , _________________ „ __________ F o o d and k in d r e d p ro d u cts _________________ T o b a c c o m a n u fa c tu r e s _ _____ ________ T e x t ile m ill p r o d u c ts __________________ A p p a r e l and o th e r fin is h e d te x tile p r o d u c ts ______ __ ___________ __ L u m b e r and w o o d p ro d u cts (e x c e p t fu r n it u r e / _ ____________ F u rn itu r e and fix t u r e s _____________________ P a p e r and a llie d p r o d u c ts _______ __ __ P r in t in g , p u b lis h in g , and a llie d in d u s t r ie s _____________ __ C h e m ic a ls and a llie d 2 V - 4 .3 _ - 16 1 _ - 5 3 .8 2 .3 - 4 _ - 9 .9 _ - - * - - - - - - - - - - • ~ “ - ~ * ~ ■ “ - - - ■ ■ ■ - “ 1 1 .4 1 ' 1 .2 “ " “ ” ~ 1 1 _ _ 1 .3 3 .0 _ 4 1 7 2 - - - - - P r o d u c t s o f p e tr o le u m and coal _____ ___ _________________________ R u bber p rod u cts _ _____________ __ __ L e a th e r and le a th e r S to n e , c la y , and g la s s p r o d u c t s _______________ _________ _________ P r im a r y m e ta l in d u s tr ie s __________________ F a b r ic a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c ts _______________ _ M a c h in e r y (e x c e p t e l e t r i c a l ) _____________ _ E l e c t r ic a l m a c h in e r y _____________________ T r a n s p o r t a t io n equ ip m e n t ____ __________ In stru m e n ts and r e la te d M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s t r ie s __ ___ _____ _____ __ ___ N o n m an u factu rin g ______________ __ ________ M in in g , c r u d e p e t r o le u m , and n a tu ral gas p r o d u c tio n __________________ T r a n s p o r ta tio n 2 _____________ •________ C o m m u n ic a tio n s _ ______ __________ ___ U tilit ie s : E l e c t r ic and gas _ ___________ W h o le s a le tra d e _ __ ____ _ ______ ,__ _ R e t a il tra d e _ _____ ___ __ ______ H o te ls and re s ta u r a n ts _ __ ________ _____ S e r v ic e s _ __ __ ________ __ _____ C o n s tr u e tio n ---------------------------------- ------M is c e lla n e o u s non m an u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s _ ________ ___ See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le . - A g ree m en ts - - ” " 1 4 .0 6 .0 1 9 .3 1 0 .9 " A g ree m en ts 18 4 2 .2 62 _ - 612. 7 " 10 ~ 2 0 .3 - - “ “ “ * “ 3 5 .2 " 2 4 .0 * " ’ “ ** “ - 5 .4 2 .2 ~ 2 44 6 3 7 1 1 .2 ~ ~ “ ~ - 3 .3 5 4 3 .9 21. 6 1 5 .4 28 . 6 " 1 2 2 ~ - 1 .5 _ 4 .0 5 .6 “ “ “ ~ - - 4 12. 1 8 - - - 12. 1 - - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - - - - _ . _ - . - - - - “ - W ork ers (000* s) 6 2 4 .8 ” - A g ree m ents 66 1 1 “ _ . . • 9 .9 ■ A g ree m en ts “ - - - 8 . - - - 2 1 .9 2 1 .9 . _ - T A B L E 5 . — L en gth o f s e r v ic e r e q u ir e d f o r s p e c ific v a c a tio n a llo w a n c e s in grad u a ted p la n s , m a jo r c o ll e c t iv e b a r g a in in g a g r e e m e n t s ,1 b y in d u s tr y , 1957 - C on tinued O ver 4 w eeks' v a c a tio n 4 w e e k s ' v a c a t io n a ft e r — 5 years 10 and 12 y e a r s 3 A g reem en ts A ll in d u s tr ie s ___ _______ M a n u fa c t u r in g ____________________ O rd n a n ce _____________________ F o o d and k in d re d T o b a c c o m a n u fa ctu re s ______ T e x t ile m il l p r o d u c t s _______ A p p a r e l and o th e r fin is h e d t e x tile p r o d u c ts -----------------L u m b e r and w o o d p r o d u c ts (e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ) __________ F u rn itu r e and f i x t u r e s ______ P a p e r and a llie d p r o d u c ts P r in t in g , p u b lis h in g , and a llie d in d u s tr ie s C h e m ic a ls and a llie d p ro d u cts P r o d u c t s o f p e t r o le u m and c o a l _____________________ R u b b e r p r o d u c ts _____________ L e a th e r and le a th e r p r o d u c ts __ ....................... S to n e , c la y , and g la s s p r o d u c t s _____________________ P r i m a r y m e ta l i n d u s t r i e s __ F a b r ic a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c t s __ M a c h in e r y (e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l) E l e c t r ic a l m a c h i n e r y -----------T r a n s p o r ta tio n e q u i p m e n t __ In stru m en ts and r e la te d p r o d u c ts — — __ __ M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s tr ie s ___________ N on m an u factu rin g ____________ M in in g , c r u d e p e t r o le u m , and n a tu ral gas p r o d u c t io n ____ T r a n s p o rta tio n 2 ______________ C o m m u n ica tio n s _____________ U tilit ie s : E l e c t r ic and gas __ W h o le s a le t r a d e ______________ R e ta il tra d e ............................... W ork(000* s) A g reem ents W ork A g ree ers m ents ( 0 0 0 's) 24 y e a r s W ork W ork A g ree A g ree ers ers m en ts m en ts (0 0 0 « s ) (0 0 0 « s ) 30 y e a r s and over 4 25 y e a r s W ork W orkA g ree A g ree ers ers m e n ts m en ts ( 0 0 0 's ) ( 0 0 0 ‘ s) W ork (00r0« s) 25 y e a r s and over * A g ree m en ts W ork(0e0 0 's ) 4 1 3 .6 5 7 .7 7 1 7 .3 1 2 .0 64 3 3 4 .9 8 2 1 .6 209 7 2 0 .1 9 5 2 .3 1 1 .0 - 1 - 2 .0 - 5 - 1 2 .5 “ 1 - 2 .0 - 30 - 5 6 .4 - 2 - 4 .2 - 148 - 5 4 2 .9 - 1 - 4 .7 - 5 _ 1 6 .1 _ - - 2 1 1 .0 4 1 1 .2 1 2 .0 13 2 6 .3 _ _ 21 1 0 3 .2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - - - “ “ - - - - - - - 1 1 .0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ - _ . - _ - _ _ _ 1 - 1 .3 - _ - _ - 2 - 5 .8 - _ “ _ - _ 28 _ 8 0 .8 _ - _ - - _ - 1 2 .0 _ _ _ m _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 7 .1 1 2. 7 17 3 2 .9 1 4. 7 “ - - . - - _ - - - - 23 4 7 4 .8 7 4 .2 - - . - . - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 .4 - - _ . _ - - - - - 6 6 4 1 7 .9 15. 7 4 1 .1 - - - 1 - - - - 1 .5 - - - - - _ - _ . _ - _ - _ - _ _ _ - _ - _ - _ _ - - - - - - - 20 . 3 5 4 .7 1 0 .1 _ - - 13 16 3 _ - “ 1 0 .9 3 .0 1 .3 _ - “ 5 2 1 - - - - ~ " ~ “ * ” “ 1 2 .0 - - 4 1 3 .3 ~ " - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 .8 - - 2 2 .6 4 5 .7 2 4 .8 _ . 34 2 7 8 .5 6 1 7 .5 61 1 7 7 .2 8 4 7 .6 5 1 6 .1 _ _ . _ 2 .0 2 .8 _ _ _ 1 7 .5 - 5 10 1 35 1 8 9 .1 3 5 .6 1 .0 86. 7 1 .8 4 1 .1 2 3 2 - 3 .7 3 9 .5 3 .0 - . 5 - _ 2 3 4 .5 6 .7 1 1 .5 _ 6 - _ 22 _ 4 5 _ 1 6.1 - 3 .1 _ - 1 1 _ - 2 _ - 3 2 5 .8 1 2 .0 1 1 .4 - - - - _ S e rv ic e s 2 2 .6 - - C o n s tr u c tio n _________________ M is c e lla n e o u s n onm an u fa c tu rin g in d u s tr ie s _______ _ (0 0 0 »s ) 20 y e a r s 2 - H o te ls and r e s t a u r a n t s ______ _ _ __ ____________ W ork- A g reem ents 18 y e a r s 15 y e a r s In du stry _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ _ _ _ 2. 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ - - - - - _ . - - _ _ _ _ _ ■ - _ - _ _ _ - - - - . 1 3 4 in d u s tr y 5 1 ,5 1 5 a g r e e m e n ts c o v e r in g 6 ,4 1 9 ,4 0 0 w o r k e r s . E x clu d e s r a ilr o a d s and a i r li n e s . 2 a g r e e m e n ts in the c o m m u n ic a tio n s in d u stry c o v e r in g 3 ,0 5 0 w o r k e r s p r o v id e d f o r 4 w eeks* v a c a t io n a fte r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e . 7 a g r e e m e n ts p r o v id e d f o r 4 w eeks* v a ca tio n a fte r 30 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e . 1 a g r e e m e n t in the c h e m ic a l in d u s try c o v e r in g 4 ,7 0 0 w o r k e r s and 1 in the co m m u n ic a tio n s c o v e r in g 5 ,5 0 0 w o r k e r s p r o v id e d f o r 4 w e e k s ' v a c a tio n a fte r m o r e than 30 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e . In clu d e s 1 a g r e e m e n t f o r 4 ,8 0 0 w o rk e rs in e l e c t r i c and gas u tilit ie s w hich stip u la te d a v a c a tio n o f m o r e than 4 w eek s a fte r 26 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f individ ual ite m s do not n e c e s s a r il y equal to t a ls . 19 Between manufacturing and nonmanufacturing agreements as a whole, the chief difference in service requirements for a specific vacation allowance occurred at the 2-week level. Almost 90 percent of the nonmanufacturing agreements providing for 2 weeks1 vacation required service of 3 years or less, compared with only 50 percent of the manufacturing agreements. Vacation Patterns.— As tables 4 and 5 demonstrate, the precise details of vacation programs differed widely among major agreements. Actually, more than 400 different vacation patterns (e. g. , 1 week for 1 year, 2 weeks for 5 years, 3 weeks for 15 years) were found among the 1,515 graduated plans. A substantial number of these variations arose from the practice of granting half-weekly vacation allowances. Despite the large number of variations, more than half of the gradu ated plans were accounted for by 30 vacation plan patterns, each of which was found in at least 10 agreements (table 6). More than half of all workers covered by graduated plans were included in 12 principal patterns. The largest concentration in a single pattern in terms of number of agreements accounted for only 9 percent of all graduated plans. In terms of workers, the largest contentration accounted for only 13 percent of the total graduated plans. The most frequent pattern provided for 1 week* s vacation after 1 year* s service, 2 weeks after 5 years, and 3 weeks after 15 years; this formula ap peared in 129 agreements, covering 385, 150 workers. Another 209 plans, covering 1.8 million workers, had this pattern supplemented by varying half week allowances. This group included the single pattern covering the largest number of workers (843,300), found in 52 agreements, which provided vacation allowances as follows: 1 week for 1 year, weeks for 3 years, 2 weeks for 5 years, weeks for 10 years,, and 3 weeks for 15 years. More than 80 percent of the workers under this pattern were covered by 18 agreements in tiie automobile industry. Zl/z \l/z Other Qualifications for Vacations Minimum Work Requirements.— In addition to the service requirements previously described, many agreements also require that an employee must have worked a specified minimum amount of time or percentage of available time during the preceding year in order to qualify for a full paid vacation. Such minimum work requirements were found in 773 contracts, covering over half of the workers under the 1,664 agreements providing for all types of paid vacations (table 7). Work requirements were expressed in terms of hours, days, weeks, months, or pay periods.10 About 4 out of 5 of these contracts stipulated 6 months of work or longer. Minimum time units ranging from 50 to less than 75 percent of the full working time available during the year were specified in 365 contracts— almost half of those with minimum work requirements. These varied from 1,040 to 1,559 hours, 130 to 194 days, 26 to 38 weeks, or from 50 to 74 per cent of the pay periods. 10 For purposes of this study, time units were grouped into monthly periods; e. g. , a contract providing a minimum work requirement of 1,040 hours but less than 1,560 hours, or 26 but less than 39 weeks, was classified in the category ,f6 but less than 9 months." orso TABLE 6 .— Identical graduated vacation plans found in 10 o r m ore m ajor agreem ents, 1957 Graduated vacation plans (maximum allowance) Total accounted for 2 1 week 1 week 1 week 1 week for fo r for fo r 1 1 1 1 year, yea r, y e a r, yea r, A greem ents W orkers (000's) 836 4, 172. 1 29 42 120.9 90. 0 32 103. 8 13 8 4.9 weeks 2 weeks for 2 years ________________________ 2 weeks for 3 years ________________________ l 1/* weeks fo r 3 yea rs, 2 weeks fo r 5 years 2 weeks for 5 years ________________________ 11 22. 2 3 weeks l/z week for 6 months to 1 year, 1 week for 1 yea r, l l/a weeks fo r 1 year but le ss than 2 yea rs, 2 weeks fo r 2 yea rs, 3 weeks fo r 15 years ________________ ___________ l/z week fo r 6 months to 1 year, 1 week for 1 yea r, 2 weeks fo r 2 yea rs, 3 weeks fo r 15 years ____________________________________________________________________________ x/z week fo r 6 months to 1 yea r, 1 week for 1 y e a r, 2 weeks fo r 3 ye a rs, 3 weeks fo r 15 years ____________________________________________________________________________ l/z week fo r 6 months to 1 yea r, 1 week for 1 y e a r, 2 weeks fo r 5 y e a rs, 3 weeks fo r 15 years ____________________________________________________________________________ 1 week fo r 6 months to 1 yea r, 2 weeks for 1 ye a r, 3 weeks fo r 15 years _____________________ 1 week fo r 6 months to 1 yea r, 2 weeks for 2 y e a rs , 3 weeks fo r 15 years __________________ __ 1 week fo r 1 yea r, l 1/* weeks fo r 3 yea rs, 2 weeks fo r 5 y e a rs, 2 weeks fo r 10 y ea rs, 3 weeks fo r 15 years _____________________________________________________________ 1 week fo r 1 yea r, l x/z weeks fo r 3 yea rs, 2 weeks fo r 5 y e a rs , 2l/a weeks fqr 12 y ea rs, 3 weeks fo r 15 years _____________________________________________________________ 1 week fo r 1 y e a r, weeks fo r 3 yea rs, 2 weeks fo r 5 yea rs, 3 weeks fo r 15 years ____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 week fo r 1 y e a r, 2 weeks for 2 yea rs, 3 weeks fo r 5 y e a r s ___________________________________ 1 week fo r 1 yea r, 2 weeks for 2 yea rs, 3 weeks fo r 10 y e a r s _________________________________ 1 week fo r 1 yea r, 2 weeks fo r 2 yea rs, 3 weeks fo r 15 years _________________________________ 1 week fo r 1 yea r, 2 weeks for 3 yea rs, 3 weeks fo r 10 years _________________________________ 1 week fo r 1 yea r, 2 weeks for 3 years, 3 weeks fo r 15 y e a r s _________________________________ 1 week fo r 1 ye a r, 2 weeks for 5 yea rs, Zx/z weeks fo r 10 y e a rs, 3 weeks fo r 15 y e a r s _______ 1 week fo r 1 yea r, 2 weeks fo r 5 yea rs, 3 weeks fo r 15 years _________________________________ 2 weeks fo r 1 ye a r, 3 weeks fo r 12 years _______________________________________________________ 2 weeks fo r 1 yea r, 3 weeks fo r 15 years __________ i____________________________________________ l/z ll/z 10 10 2 4 .4 4 6 .4 14 31 27. 2 176. 2 190.8 52 843. 3 12 164.4 18 19 29 52 27 44 129 15 18 5 6.6 45. 3 77. 5 169. 6 75. 0 7?. 0 23. 0 385. 2 105.9 63.9 60 595.5 22 10 3l/z weeks 1 week fo r 1 yea r, \ l/z weeks for 3 yea rs, 2 weeks fo r 5 y e a rs , Zx/z weeks fo r 10 y ea rs, 3 weeks fo r 15 ye a rs, 3% weeks fo r 25 y e a r s _____________ 4 weeks 1 week fo r 1 yea r, 2 1 week fo r 1 yea r, 2 1 week fo r 1 y e a r, 2 1 week fo r 1 y e a r, 2 1 week fo r 1 yea r, 2 2 weeks fo r 1 y e a r , 3 2 weeks fo r 1 yea r, 3 weeks fo r weeks for weeks for weeks fo r weeks for weeks for weeks fo r 2 yea rs, 3 weeks fo r 10 y e a rs , 4 weeks fo r 20 years 2 yea rs, 3 weeks fo r 15 y e a rs , 4 weeks fo r 25 years 3 yea rs, 3 weeks fo r 12 y e a rs , 4 weeks fo r 20 years 3 yea rs, 3 weeks fo r 15 y e a rs , 4 weeks fo r 25 years 5 yea rs, 3 weeks fo r 15 y e a rs , 4 weeks fo r 25 years 10 yea rs, 4 weeks fo r 25 yea rs ____________________ 15 yea rs, 4 weeks fo r 25 y e a r s ____________________ Based on 1,515 graduated vacation plans coverin g 6,4 1 9,40 0 w o rk e rs. 10 17 21 31 15 21 22 17.9 48. 2 231. 3 165. 2 27. 8 65. 8 5 2 .5 T A B L E 7 . — M in im u m w o r k re q u ir e m e n ts in add ition to len gth o f s e r v ic e f o r fu ll v a c a tio n b e n e fits , in m a jo r c o ll e c t iv e b a r g a in in g a g r e e m e n t s , b y in d u s try , 1957 In d u stry N um ber w ith m in im u m w o rk r e q u ir e m e n ts A g ree m ents A ll in d u s tr ie s M in im u m tim e e m p lo y e e m u s t h a ve w o rk e d du rin g y e a r 1 L e s s than 3 m onths W o rk ers (000*8) A g ree m e n ts 3 but l e s s than 6 m on th s W ork ers (000*s) A g ree m en ts W ork ers (000*s) 6 but le s s than 9 m on th s A g ree m e n ts 9 m o n th s o r m ore W ork ers (000*s) A g ree m e n ts W orkers (000*s) D e c r e a s e s w ith len gth o f s e r v ic e W ork A g ree ers m en ts (0 0 0 »s) N o m in im u m w o rk r e q u ir e m e n t O th e r2 A g ree m en ts W orkers (000*s) A g ree m en ts W orkers (0 0 0 's ) --------------------------------------------- 773 3 , 8 3 0 .7 12 4 8 .9 80 3 5 5 .5 365 1 , 9 4 9 .9 246 1 ,2 1 0 . 4 41 127. 0 29 139. 1 891 3 ,4 8 4 .2 M a n u fa ctu rin g --------------------------------------------O r d n a n c e ------- ----------------------------------------F o o d and k in d red p r o d u c t s -----------------T o b a c c o m a n u f a c t u r e r s ----------------------T e x t ile m il l p r o d u c ts -------------------------A p p a r e l and o th e r fin is h e d te x tile p r o d u c t s ---------------------------------L u m b e r and w o o d p r o d u c ts (e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ) ---------- *--------------------------------F u rn itu r e and fix t u r e s -----------------------P a p e r and a llie d p r o d u c t s ------------------P r in tin g , p u b lis h in g , and a llie d i n d u s t r ie s --------------------------------------------C h e m ic a ls and a llie d p r o d u c ts ---------P r o d u c t s o f p e t r o le u m and c o a l --------R u b b e r p r o d u c ts ----------------------------------L e a th e r and le a th e r p r o d u c t s -----------S ton e, c la y , and g la s s p r o d u c t s --------P r i m a r y m e ta l in d u s tr ie s -----------------F a b r ic a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c t s -----------------M a c h in e r y (e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) ------------E l e c t r ic a l m a c h i n e r y --------------------------T r a n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t ------------------In stru m e n ts and r e la te d p r o d u c t s -----M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s ------------------------------------------- 603 6 70 5 16 3 ,0 0 0 .9 9 .2 2 6 9 .5 2 0 .6 2 9 .2 9 - 4 4 .3 - 78 2 1 5 3 5 2 .8 . 5. 7 4 .5 8 .2 291 4 22 7 1 ,4 5 3 . 0 4 .8 75. 8 1 4 .0 167 1 31 3 4 9 5 3 .9 1 .0 1 5 8 .4 8 .3 7 .0 37 1 10 1 - 1 1 3 .4 3 .4 20. 1 7 .8 - 21 5 - 8 3 .6 9 .5 - 572 8 46 6 37 2 ,0 3 8 . 8 1 8 .9 110. 3 1 0 .5 99. 7 7 14. 7 - N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g -------------------------------------M in in g , c r u d e p e tr o le u m and n a tu ra l gas p r o d u c t i o n ---------------------T r a n s p o rta tio n 3 ----------------------------------C o m m u n ic a tio n s ------------------------------- —U tilit ie s : E l e c t r i c and gas ----------------W h o le s a le t r a d e ------------------------------------R e ta il tra d e ------------------------------------------H o te ls and re s ta u r a n ts ----------------------S e r v i c e s ------- — -------------------- -----— - — — C o n s t r u c t i o n -----------------------------------------M is c e lla n e o u s n on m a n u fa ctu rin g i n d u s t r ie s --------------------------------------------- 170 8 2 9 .8 10 51 37 8 7 26 8 19 4 23. 7 3 2 9 .4 222. 8 2 4 .2 15. 6 8 7 .4 52. 1 6 6 .3 8. 7 9 3 2 .5 1 1 0 .0 - - - 6 1 8 .4 1 2 .0 1 2. 1 40 4 3 7 .4 14 13 30 3 7 .7 2 0 .3 8 6 .0 3 4. 6 1 1 1 .3 1 .5 9 5 12 2 2 .2 8 .6 3 6 .4 4 6 7 1 4 .5 9 .0 1 2 .4 3 2 3 .5 1 1 4 1 .0 1 .5 7 .8 3 10 24 6. 5 1 7.1 3 8 .8 6 21 8 7 16 24 83 44 72 62 79 11 7 .2 4 8 .8 16 .2 6 2 .4 6 1 .3 70.1 6 3 2 .3 125. 3 233 . 5 252. 6 940. 1 3 2 .0 1 3 1 - . 4 .0 24. 7 . 1 .0 - 2 4 2 1 1 7 6 16 12 16 - 2 .3 5 .4 4 .0 2 .1 1 .4 19. 1 3 3 .4 7 2 .5 9 4 .3 9 6 .3 - 1 12 3 2 8 17 60 27 40 19 35 6 1 .6 26. 3 3. 7 31. 1 4 0 .4 40. 3 5 6 5 .2 69. 1 8 6 .4 4 4 .0 355 . 1 2 5 .0 3 3 5 2 3 3 9 9 12 27 23 4 3 .4 3 .9 12. 5 5 .4 7. 5 3. 7 1 9 .6 1 8 .6 6 7 .5 1 0 2 .4 . 472 . 1 5 .9 2 3 2 3 4 4 1 4 .3 6 .2 4 .2 5 .8 1 1 .9 15. 7 1 .1 2 1 1 4 1 - 1 3 .2 2 2 .0 3 .0 2 2 .3 1 .3 - 30 39 18 16 7 16 36 22 77 50 66 16 6 3 .0 78. 7 6 2 .4 6 8 .0 1 7 .2 5 0 .5 8 8 .5 5 6 .8 1 7 6 .8 2 1 7 .2 3 8 4 .0 2 8 .2 1 1 .0 2 3. 5 2 2. 7 2 7 .5 “ 3 4 .6 2 2. 7 74 4 9 6 .9 79 2 5 6 .5 4 1 3 .6 8 2 . . 1 - 3 .6 . . 1 .0 . 1 1 - . 1 .3 1 .4 - 5 26 26 1 3 8 1 3 1 1 3 .9 2 6 3 .5 1 5 8 .9 1 .2 6 .5 3 9 .8 1 .2 8. 6 3 .5 4 5 .1 5 2 .8 2 6 .5 18. 6 9. 1 4 6 .3 5 0 .9 42. 1 5 .2 1 1 1 1 - 5. 1 3 .5 1. 1 4. 0 - 1 1 2 1 3 - 3 4 .0 3. 3 9 .2 - * “ “ ** “ ' - ' ' ~ ” - " 21 8 5 4 17 7 10 3 | 5 8. 7 5 5 .6 319 1 ,4 4 5 . 4 4. 7 8 59 39 69 6 60 22 30 25 241. 1 233. 7 3 4 8 .8 177. 1 9 .6 1 6 6 .6 1 0 9 .3 8 6 .9 7 1 .3 1 1 ,2 - 4 .4 1 C o n tr a c ts e x p r e s s e d m in im u m w o rk re q u ire m e n ts in tim e units o f h o u r s , d a y s , w e e k s , m o n th s , o r p e r c e n t o f p a y p e r i o d s . F o r p u r p o s e s o f th is ta b le , th e s e units w e r e g ro u p e d in to m o n th ly p e r io d s ; e . g . , a c o n t r a c t p ro v id in g a m in im u m w o r k r e q u ir e m e n t o f 1 ,0 4 0 h o u r s but l e s s than 1 ,5 6 0 h o u r s , o r 26 but le s s than 39 w e e k s , is show n u n d er the h ead in g " 6 but le s s than 9 m o n t h s ." a In clu d e s 10 a g r e e m e n t s in w hich m in im u m w o rk r e q u ir e m e n ts v a r ie d a c c o r d in g to r e a s o n s f o r a b s e n c e s , and 7 a c c o r d in g to w e e k ly s c h e d u le o f h o u r s ; 3 w h ich in c r e a s e d w o rk r e q u ir e m e n ts w ith length o f s e r v ic e ; m o s t o f the r e m a in in g 9 v a r ie d r e q u ir e m e n ts b y length o f s e r v ic e plu s o th e r f a c t o r s , o r b y am ount o f w a g es ea r n e d . 3 E x clu d e s r a ilr o a d s and a ir lin e s . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f rou n din g, sum s o f in divid u al item s d o not n e c e s s a r il y equ a l to t a ls . 22 Approximately a third of the 773 agreements specified time units equivalent to 75 percent or more of full working time. Twenty-five to 50 per cent of full time was stipulated in 80 agreements, and less than 25 percent in 12 contracts. Another type of provision, found in 41 agreements, specified shorter minimum work requirements for employees with longer service, as in the following example: Eligibility for vacations with pay shall be determined as follows: 1 year of seniority for 1 week of vacation. 2 years of seniority for 2 weeks of vacation. 10 years of seniority for 3 weeks of vacation. In addition, eligible employees must qualify for vacations with pay by receiving earnings in the year prior to the vacation, as follows: Earnings in Earnings in Earnings in 2 6weeks for 1 week of vacation. 12weeks for 2 weeks of vacation. 10weeks for 3 weeks of vacation. Only a few agreements increased the minimum work requirement with length of service. In one instance, only employees eligible for 3 weeks* vacation were subject to minimum work requirements. In some agreements, the minimum worktime specified varied according to reasons for absences; according to the weekly scheduled number of hours; by the amount of wages earned; or by length of service plus other factors, such as reason for absence, length of vacation, or whether employee was on the active payroll on a specified date. In order to protect workers who were unable to fulfill the work re quirements for reasons beyond their control, such as sickness, accidents, and layoffs,11 473 agreements, or nearly two-thirds of the 773, modified the work requirements. Under these contracts, the employee was granted credit as time worked for absences which were due to specific reasons. For example: Credit towards weeks worked by an employee in quali fying for vacation pay shall be given: (a) For absence with leave because of dis ability, not exceeding 1 year, providing the employee immediately returns to work when able and when requested to do so. (b) For absence due to call for jury duty or court summons. (c) For absence with leave of any employee member, officer, or representative of the union for the purpose of transacting busi ness in behalf of the union. 11 Absences which were due to military leave are not included in this group. The effect of military leave on vacation rights is covered in another section of this report. 23 The minimum work requirements were further modified in several agreements by providing that credit would be given for the entire unit—day, week, month, or pay period—if any part of it was worked. For example: In case any employee appears on the payroll for any work* week, that week shall be counted as a full week* s employ ment in qualification for vacation pay. The work requirements were not qualified in the remaining 300 agree ments. A statement that time off would not be credited was found in a few of these agreements, and several specified that full days, etc., must be worked. Minimum work requirement provisions were more common in manu facturing than in nonmanufacturing agreements. In the former category, over half of the agreements providing for paid vacations, covering almost two-thirds of the workers, contained such clauses; in the latter, work requirement clauses appeared in slightly over a third of the agreements, covering a similar pro portion of workers. Work requirement clauses were most predominant in pri mary metals agreements covering 4 out of 5 workers. Agreements which did not specify minimum work requirements in cluded the 37 with ratio-to-work plans, which by their nature contained builtin work requirements, and virtually all of the 66 with provisions for pooled employer contributions, which did not give details of the plans. Qualifying Date for Vacation. —Over 70 percent (1,199) of the agree ments specified a qualifying date, or a fixed period for determining length of service or vacation eligibility (table 8). Under such provisions, the employee must have been on the payroll and/or must have completed the necessary mini mum service by the cutoff date or period in order to qualify for a vacation. Almost two-thirds of the 1,199 agreements specified uniform cutoff dates or periods for all employees, as in the following example: All employees, as of April 1st of each year, who have seniority status of 1 year . . . shall be entitled to 1 week* s vacation . . . Under a provision of this type, with a uniform cutoff date unrelated to the date of hire, a newly hired worker whose date of hiring falls shortly after the cutoff date may have to work almost 2 years before he is entitled to 1 weekr s vacation. However, a number of these agreements provided for par tial vacation allowances to employees ineligible prior to the qualifying date, prorated to length of service. A somewhat more liberal provision for the employee is expressed in the following example, which designates the worker* s anniversary date of em ployment as his vacation eligibility date: The company agrees that vacations with regular pay shall be granted to employees within the bargaining unit, com puted during the employees1 service year, as follows: . . . A service year is the twelve (1Z) months following the date of employment and every twelve (12) months thereafter. An employeefs date of employment shall always be con sidered the anniversary date when computing vacation benefits. This type of arrangement was found in a third of the 1,199 agreements. W ork ers (0 0 0 * s) Q u alifyin g date f o r v a c a tio n e lig ib ilit y A g re e m e n ts N u m ber w ith p r o v is io n f o r paid v a c a t i o n ---------- 1 ,6 6 4 7, 314.9 N u m ber w ith q u a lify in g date f o r v a c a t i o n --------- 1. 199 5 ,4 8 8 . 7 E m p lo y e e m u s t b e on p a y r o ll o r m u st h ave c o m p le te d r e q u ir e d len gth o f s e r v ic e : On a n n iv e r s a r y date o f e m p lo y m e n t ------On o r s h o r t ly b e f o r e f i r s t day o f e s ta b lis h e d v a c a t io n p e r io d -----------------D u rin g s u m m e r m on th s 1 -------------------------B y b e g in n in g o f c a le n d a r y e a r in w h ich v a c a tio n is g i v e n -------------------------------------On e ith e r o f tw o o r m o r e q u a lify in g dates * -------------------------------------------------------On o th e r s p e c ifie d dates 3 ------------------------N u m ber w ith date n ot s p e c i f i e d -------------—--------- 402 1, 7 5 6 .6 214 281 981 . 1 9 1 2 .4 119 5 7 8 .3 110 73 849. 1 4 1 1 .2 465 to T A B L E 9 . — B a s e f o r com p u tin g p a y in g ra d u a ted v a c a tio n p la n s, m a jo r c o ll e c t iv e b a r g a in in g a g r e e m e n t s , 1957 T A B L E 8 . — Q u a lifyin g date f o r v a c a tio n in m a jo r c o lle c t iv e b a r g a in in g a g r e e m e n t s , 1957 1 , 8 2 6 .3 W ork ers (0 0 0 ’ s) B a s e f o r com p u ta tion A g reem en ts T o ta l w ith grad u a ted p l a n s ------------------------------------ 1 ,5 1 5 6 , 4 1 9 .4 N u m ber s p e c ify in g b a s e f o r c o m p u t a t io n ---------- 1 ,3 7 2 5 ,9 4 4 .1 R e g u la r ra te 1 ---------------------------------------------------H o u r ly r a t e * ----------------------------------------------------D a ily ra te * -------------------------------------------------------W e e k ly r a t e * ----------------------------------------------------P e r c e n t a g e o f e a rn in g s ---------------------------------H o u r ly ra te f o r s o m e e m p lo y e e s ; w e e k ly ra te f o r o t h e r s -----------------------------------------------H o u r ly ra te f o r s o m e e m p lo y e e s ; p e r c e n t a g e o f e a rn in g s f o r o t h e r s -------------O t h e r * ---------------------------------------------------------------- 50 859 11 147 257 1 4 4 .0 3 ,8 2 2 .6 3 7 .6 6 6 6 .2 9 4 6 .4 11 21. 1 5 32 1 8 .6 2 8 8 .0 143 4 7 5 .3 N o p r o v is io n s s p e c ify in g b a s e f o r com p u tin g v a c a tio n p a y ------------------------------------- 1 In clu d e s M a y 1 throu gh 'S e p te m b e r 30. * In clu d e s a g ro u p o f a g r e e m e n ts w h ich design ated q u a lify in g dates in the s p r in g o r s u m m e r f o r e m p lo y e e s e lig ib le f o r 1 o r 2 w e e k s 1 v a ca tio n and la t e r dates f o r th o se e lig ib le f o r lo n g e r v a c a tio n s ; a n oth er gro u p w h ich s p e c ifie d the a n n iv e r s a r y date f o r n ew e m p lo y e e s o r f o r e m p lo y e e s w ith a lim ite d am ou n t o f s e r v ic e , and a s p e c i f i c date f o r o t h e r s ; a s m a ll grou p w h ich u sed the a n n iv e r s a r y date f o r e m p lo y e e s w ith lo n g s e r v ic e and s p e c i fi c dates f o r O thers w h ich p r o v id e d 2 q u a lify in g d a te s . 3 O ver o n e -t h ir d o f the 73 a g r e e m e n ts s p e c ifie d qu a lify in g dates in A p r il; a lm o s t o n e -t h ir d in F e b r u a r y o r M a r c h ; and m o s t o f the re m a in in g th ird in O ctob er, N ov em b er, o f D e ce m b e r. 1 N ot in d ica te d w h eth er h o u r ly , d a ily , o r w e e k ly . * In clu d e s a g r e e m e n ts s p e c ify in g r e g u la r r a te f o r tim e w o r k e r s o r a v e r a g e e a r n in g s f o r p ie c e w o r k e r s . * In clu d es a g ro u p o f a g r e e m e n t s in r e t a il tra d e and s e r v ic e in d u s tr ie s w h ich c o m p u te d v a c a tio n pay on p e r c e n t a g e o f c o m m is s io n s p lu s e ith e r the b a s ic w e e k ly o r m o n th ly s a la r y o r a s p e c ifie d a m ou n t w h ich in c r e a s e d w ith length o f s e r v i c e . A l s o in c lu d e s a g r e e m e n ts in o th e r in d u s tr ie s w h ic h c a lcu la te d v a c a tio n p a y on an h o u r ly and d a ily , w e e k ly o r m on th ly b a s is f o r v a r io u s o c c u p a tio n s and, in s o m e in s ta n c e s on a p e r c e n t o f e a r n in g s f o r o t h e r s ; and a g r e e m e n ts w h ich p r o v id e d f o r a v a c a tio n b o n u s, b a s e d on len gth o f s e r v i c e , o r the e m p lo y e e ^ w age r a t e . NOTE: equ a l t o ta ls . NOTE: eq u a l to t a ls . B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g, su m s o f .individual ite m s do not n e c e s s a r il y B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s do n ot n e c e s s a r il y 25 The uniform cutoff dates most frequently designated were on or shortly before the first day of the “established vacation period,11 or during the speci fied summer months. These two groups accounted for approximately two-fifths of the contracts. Since the established vacation periods generally occur from May through September, the qualifying dates under most of these agreements would fall during the summer months. About a tenth of the agreements speci fied the beginning of the calendar year as the basis for determining vacation eligibility. Another group of agreements specified more than one qualifying date— usually a uniform cutoff date prior to the summer vacation period and a date during the latter part of the year. Mainly, this was done to permit employees who would not qualify prior to the summer vacation to receive the full vacation benefits later in the year, or because the agreement provided for summer and winter vacations. A few of the agreements in this category used the anniver sary date or a later qualifying date for new employees, or for those with lim ited service, and different cutoff dates for longer service employees. A few used the anniversary date for employees with long service and fixed dates for others. Most of the remaining agreements specified qualifying dates either in the early spring or late fall. Vacation Pay Generally, vacation pay was calculated so that the vacationing employee suffered no loss in his normal take-home pay. The most common method of computing vacation pay was to multiply the employee1s hourly rate, or average hourly earnings, by a specified number of hours for each week of vacation. The number of hours to be paid for was usually 40 per week, or, in a smaller number of cases, was geared either to the employee* s average weekly hours during a specified period, or to the number of hours prevailing in the workweek. Other methods used included basing payment on daily, weekly, or monthly rates; on a percentage of worker* s annual earnings; on the number of hours or days worked during the year; and payment of a specified amount. Plans providing for fixed employer contributions to a vacation fund generally did not indicate the formula for computing the vacation payments to the workers. Base for Computing Vacation Pay Of the 1,515 agreements with graduated vacation plans, 1,372 specified the base for computation (table 9). Approximately two-thirds of these used the employee* s hourly rate (in some instances, the regular hourly rate for timeworkers and average hourly earnings for pieceworkers); a tenth used the weekly rate; and a few specified the daily or monthly rate. A percentage of the em ployee* s annual earnings was the base for calculation in almost a fifth of the 1,372 agreements. Usually 2 percent was allowed for each vacation week, al though a few agreements specified 2% or percent. The remaining graduatedplan agreements included a group in retail trade and service industries, where all or some of the employees* earnings were based on commissions. Under these agreements, vacation pay was to be calculated on a percent of commissions, or on average weekly commissions, plus, in some instances, a base salary or specified amount which increased with length of service. In a few agreements in other industries, vacation payment consisted of a bonus based on length of service or on the employee* s wage rate. A few other specified hourly, daily, weekly, or monthly rates for timeworkers and a percentage of earnings for piece or incentive workers. Zl/z 26 Vacation Pay Based on Hourly Rate or Earnings.— Provisions for com puting vacation pay on the employee* s regular hourly rate, or on his average hourly earnings, were found in 888 agreements, covering over 4 million work ers (table 10). This included 29 contracts which specified an hourly basis for some employees, and a daily, weekly, or monthly basis, or percentage of earnings for others. More than half (461) provided that the employee was to be paid for 40 hours for each week of vacation. Under 235 contracts, pay was to be com puted on the average number of weekly hours worked by the employee during a specified period, frequently the preceding year. More than 200 agreements in this group specified minimum and/or maximum limits on the number of weekly hours which were to be paid for. Provisions for computing vacation pay on the number of hours in the prevailing workweek appeared in a tenth of the contracts. A small group specified less than 40 hours, usually to conform with the basic workweek. Another group of 49 agreements specified more than 40 hours— generally 44 or 48. In some instances, where a 44-hour workweek was in effect, vacation pay was based on 48 hours. Conversely, a few agree ments which specified a 48-hour week computed vacation pay on the basis of 44 hours. Because of variations in the provisions, 36 agreements could not be classified in any of the above categories. In 17 of these, the number of hours paid for each weekly unit varied by the length of vacation. In most instances, the first 2 weeks were paid for at the rate of 48 hours, and additional weeks at 40 hours. In a few others, the rate for the first 3 weeks was set at either 44 hours, or the guaranteed workweek, and at 40 hours for the fourth week. Of the remaining 19 agreements, several varied the number of hours per vaca tion week for other reasons, such as occupation or eligibility date. A few contracts did not indicate the number of hours on which a week* s vacation was computed. Computation of vacation pay on the employee* s straight-time hourly rate or earnings was specified in over half of these 888 agreements, and this arrangement was found in at least half of the agreements under each weekly category except “average weekly hours.*1 In the latter group, a third specified straight-time and a considerable number of agreements, covering over half of the workers, did not indicate whether premium pay was to be included or ex cluded in the computation. Shift premiums were to be included in calculating the hourly rate in a sixth of the 888 agreements. Only a few based pay on the hourly rate plus overtime pay, and a relatively small group included both shift premiums and overtime. In another small group, the method of computation varied according to the length of vacation. For instance, several agreements provided straighttime pay for 1- and 2-week vacations and total earnings or the regular rate, whichever was greater, for additional weeks. One agreement included over time in computing the first week* s pay and used average straight-time earnings for additional weeks, specifying minimum and maximum limits on the number of hours which were to be paid for. A few other contracts included shift pre miums in computing vacation pay for incentive workers and used straight-time for others; or included shift or overtime pay only if a specified percent of such work was done. A considerable number of agreements did not specify whether the hourly rate included shift premiums and other payments or was based on the straighttime rate only. These contracts frequently used such terms as "wage rate,** or "hourly rate," without defining them further, or merely referred to 40 hours* pay for each week of vacation. A B L E 1 0 . — M ethod o f com puting w e e k ly unit in grad uated v a c a tio n p la n s , m a jo r c o lle c t iv e b a r g a in in g a g r e e m e n t s , S tr a ig h t-tim e h o u r ly rate T otal H o u r ly ra te plus sh ift d iffe r e n tia l H o u r ly ra te p lus o v e r t im e p ay M ethod of com p utation T o ta l w ith v ac atio n pay p r o v isio n s b a sed on h o u rly rate 1 --------------------40 h ou rs ------------------------------------------------L e s s than 40 h o u r s -----------------------------M o r e than 40 h ou rs ---------------------------A v e r a g e ^ w e e k ly h o u rs fo r sp e c ifie d p erio d 3 -----------------------------H ou rs in p r e v a ilin g w ork w eek ------------------------------------------- A gree m en ts W o tk ers (00 0*s) A gree m e n ts 888 4 ,0 3 9 .3 472 2 ,2 6 4 . 7 143 5 7 0 .5 9 3 3 .6 461 16 49 1 ,9 0 0 .3 34. 7 1 0 4 .5 281 8 31 1 ,4 2 2 . 8 17. 1 5 9 .5 59 6 4 1 7 0 .2 14 . 6 8 .1 4 - 1 7 .3 - - 23 5 1 ,2 2 4 .8 89 262. 5 44 1 8 4 .1 5 91 36 4 2 4 .8 3 5 0 .3 43 20 1 9 2 .9 3 0 9 .9 24 6 1 8 5 .9 7. 7 " W orkers ( 0 0 0 's ) A gree m e n ts f W ork- ers ( 0 0 0 's ) T o ta l P e r c e n ta g e o f ea rn in g s 5 27 2 1 ,1 3 9 .3 A gree m e n ts W ork ers ( 0 0 0 's ) 1 6 .4 _ P ercen t of s t r a ig h t -t im e ea rn in g s 44 1 4 1 .2 H o u r ly r a te p lus sh ift d iffe r e n tia l and o v e r t im e pay A gree m e n ts W ork ers (0 0 0 ’ s) 1957 No p r e c is e d e fi n ition o f h o u rly ra te A gree m e n ts W ork ers ( 0 0 0 's ) O ther A gree m e n ts W ork ers (0 0 0 »s) 21 1 4 1 .0 233 1, 0 0 6 .9 *10 22. 7 8 - 2 1 .8 - 101 2 14 2 5 1 .6 3 .0 37. 0 8 - 1 6 .7 - - - - - 11 1 1 4 .5 85 643. 7 1 3 .8 2 4 .8 ■ ” 21 10 3 9 .0 32. 7 1 “ 2 .2 “ P ercen t of gross e a rn in g s 168 5 9 2 .4 P e r c e n t ol e a r n in g s ; n ot c le a r w h e th er s t r a ig h t tim e o r g r o s s 55 2 3 2 .8 O ther 6 5 1 7 3 .0 1 In clud es 2 9 a g r e e m e n ts w hich com puted vacation p ay on an h o u rly b a s is fo r s o m e e m p lo y e e s and on a d a ily , w e e k ly , o r m o n th ly b a s is o r p er c e n ta g e o f ea rn in g s fo r o th e rs. * In clu d es a g r e e m e n t s w hich com puted vacation p ay fo r 1 - and 2 -w e e k v a c a tio n s on str a ig h t tim e and f o r ad d itio n a l w e e k s on to ta l ea rn in g s o r r e g u la r r a t e , w h ich e v e r w as g r e a t e r ; 1 a g r e e m e n t w hich included o v e rtim e in c a lc u la tin g the f i r s t w e e k 's pay and u sed a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t ifn e e a r n in g s , w ith a m in im u m and m a x im u m , fo r ad d ition al w e e k s; a ls o a g r e e m e n ts w hich included shift p r e m iu m f o r s o m e w o r k e r s and u se d stra ig h t tim e fo r o t h e r s ; or in clu d ed s h ift o r o v e r t im e pay on ly if a sp e c ifie d p e r c e n t of su ch w o rk w as done. 3 2 0 7 o f th e se a g r e e m e n ts sp ec ified a m in im u m an d /o r m a x im u m n u m b e r of h ou rs p er w e e k ly u nit. 4 In clud es 17 a g r e e m e n ts w hich va rie d the num ber of h o u rs p e r w e e k ly unit b y the length of v a c a tio n . A ls o in clu d e s a g r e e m e n t s w hich v a r ie d the n u m b e r of h ou rs fo r other r e a s o n s , su ch a s occupation or e lig ib ility date; o r a g r e e m e n t s w hich did not in d icate the n u m b e r of hour a on w h ich a w e e k 's va c a tio n w as c om p u ted . 5 In clu d es 15 a g r e e m e n ts w hich com puted vacation p ay on a p er c e n ta g e of e a rn in g s fo r so m e w o r k e r s and on an h o u r ly , d a ily , w e e k ly , o r m o n th ly b a s is f o r o t h e r s . 6 In clud es a g r e e m e n ts w hich com puted vacation pay on 2 p e r c e n t o f to ta l ea rn in g s fo r the f i r s t w ee k and f o r a d d ition al w e e k s , 2 p e r c e n t or the b a s e h o u r ly r a te , w h ic h ev er w as g r e a t e r ; on 2 p erc en t of total earn ings o r 1 p e r c e n t plus a fla t su m , w h ic h ev er w as g r e a t e r ; and 1 a g r e e m e n t , c o v e r in g in su r a n c e a g e n ts, w hich gran ted the r e g u la r w age p lu s a p e r c e n ta g e of total ea rn in g s. NOTE; B e c a u se of rounding, stuns o f individual ite m s do not n e c e s s a r ily eq u al t o ta ls . 28 Vacation Pay Based on Percentage of Earnings.—More than 60 percent of the 272 agreements12 which based vacation pay on a percentage of the em ployee's annual earnings included overtime and/or shift premiums in computing vacation pay. Approximately 15 percent specified straight-time earnings. A few agreements combined percentage of earnings with other methods of com putation. For instance, several contracts specified 2 percent of total earnings for computing the first week's pay, and, for additional weeks, either 2 percent or the base hourly rate, whichever was greater. A few provisions allowed 2 percent of total earnings or 1 percent plus a flat sum, whichever was greater. Another agreement, covering insurance agents, granted the regular wage plus a percent of total earnings. The remaining agreements (20 percent) did not indicate whether overtime or shift premiums were to be included in vacation pay computation. Pay in Lieu 6f Vacation The concept of a paid vacation as time off for rest and relaxation is reflected/in the number of agreements which did not permit the worker to claim vacation pay in lieu of all or part of his vacation period. Half of the 1,664 agreements with paid vacations contained no provision for pay in lieu of time off (table 11). Of the remaining 816 agreements, 332 specifically pro hibited or permitted only under special circumstances the substitution of pay for time off. The remaining 484, or a fourth of those providing for paid va cations, made some provision for pay in lieu of time off for all or a portion of vacation time. Generally, such arrangements were made to meet produc tion requirements, or to permit workers to make up for time lost because of layoffs or illness. Under these provisions, employees who forfeited their va cations received vacation pay plus regular earnings for time worked. Of the 484 provisions for pay in lieu of time off, nearly two-thirds (295) related to pay for work during the entire vacation. Slightly over a fourth required that a minimum amount of vacation must be taken but permitted pay in lieu of time off for the remaining vacation period. The decision to grant pay instead of time off was reserved to the em ployer in half (247) of these contracts. Payment in lieu of vacation was com pulsory in only 14 agreements, principally in automobile manufacturing. In lieu of vacation with pay for the years 1955, 1956, and 1957, the following vacation pay allowance provisions shall apply: . . . Irrespective of any employment or unemploy ment on the part of such employee, payment in lieu of vacation shall be made as soon as possible but not later than forty-five (45) days after the employee's eligibility date, unless the employee elects in writing to take such payment at a later date, but in any event payment will be made not later than five (5) months after the employ ee1s eligibility date. Mutual agreement between the company and union, and/or employee, was required in a fifth of the 484 contracts; in a tenth, pay in lieu of vacation was at the employee's option. In another tenth it was not clear who might exercise such option for all or part of the vacation. A few others could not be classified because of variations in the provisions. (See footnote 1, table 11.) 12 Fifteen of the 272 agreements computed vacation pay on a percentage of earnings for some workers and on an hourly, daily, weekly, or monthly basis for others. T A B L E 1 1 . — P r o v is io n s r e la tin g to v ac atio n pay in lie u o f tim e o ff in m a jo r c o lle c t iv e b a r g a in in g a g r e e m e n t s , 1 9 5 7 Workers (000's) Agreements Pay in lieu of time off Number with paid vacation provisions _______________________________ 1,664 7,314.9 Number with provisions relating to pay in lieu of time o ff___________ Pay in lieu of time off prohibited or permitted only under special circumstances ____ ______ _____ i Total permitting pay in lieu of time off _________________________ i Minimum amount of vacation must be taken; pay in lieu of remainder of vacation tim e_________ _____________________ _ At employer’ s option__________________________________________ At employee’ s option __ _ __ _ _ _ _____ Pay in lieu of time off for entire vacation _ ________________ ____ At employer’ s option__________________________________________ At employee’ s option _ __ __ __ _____ _______________ By mutual agreement between company and union and/or employee_______________ __ __ __ _______ __ _ _ __ ____________ ______________ Compulsory _ Not clear who may exercise option for all or part of vacation_____ Other ___________________________________________________________ No provision for pay in lieu of time off _ __________ ________ ______ 816 3, 708. 2 332 484 1,031.8 2, 676. 4 110 91 19 295 156 26 449.4 385. 4 64.0 1,963.5 602. 1 123.4 99 14 55 1 24 848 689. 548. 210. 53. 3, 606. 8 2 1 6 8 1 In cludes a g r ee m e n ts w hich r e q u ir e d a m in im u m am ou nt of v acatio n tim e o ff, but a llo w e d p aym ent fo r the r e m a in d e r by m utual a g r e e m e n t, o r dependent on e lig ib ility date o r w heth er the e m p lo y e e w ork ed a m in im u m n u m b er of h ours during the y e a r . O th er v a r ia tio n s in this group in clu d ed p r o v is io n s fo r pay in lie u o f the 3d w ee k by m utual a g r e e m e n t and of the 4th w e e k at the e m p lo y e r *s option; p aym ent f o r p o rtio n o f the va c a tio n at the e m p lo y e r ’ s option, or fo r the en tire va c a tio n at e m p lo y e e ’ s op tion if the v a catio n sc h e d u le w as c h an ged ; and p aym en t f o r the 3d w eek at the em p lo y e e ’ s option in c a s e of a b se n c e d urin g the y e a r owing to i l l n e s s . NOTE: B e c a u se of roun ding, su m s o f in divid u al ite m s do not n e c e s s a r ily eq u al t o ta ls . T A B L E 1 2 .— V a c a tio n sc h e d u lin g in m a jo r c o lle c t iv e b a rg a in in g a g r e e m e n t s , A greem ents Vacation scheduling Number with paid vacation provisions _________________________________ With provisions for scheduling vacations ______________________________ During— Plant shutd ow n __ ___ ___ ___ _______________ — ------ — _ Summer m onths1 _ ______ _________ ____ ____ — __ __ -----Spring or f a l l ____________ _ __ ______ ___ __ ____________ F irst and/or last 2 months o f y e a r ____ __ _______ ___ More than one vacation p eriod (usually sum m er Specified period, subject to rescheduling at other tim es ______ _________ __ .... __ __ __ Other provisions for scheduling vacations _ _ No provision for scheduling vacations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ __ ___ 1957 W orkers (000’ s) 1,664 7 ,3 1 4 .9 814 3, 293.9 460 168 73 61 1,805. 5 657.0 246.7 232 .2 13 48. 8 20 19 850 190. 3 113.4 4, 021.0 1 In clud es M ay 1 through S e p te m b e r 30 . NOTE: B e c a u se of rounding, su m s o f in divid u al it e m s do not n e c e s s a r ily eq u al t o ta ls . toO V 30 Scheduling Vacations Some provision for scheduling time off was made in 814 agreements, or almost half of those with paid vacations. More than half of the 814 pro vided for all employees to take their vacations at the same time during a plant shutdown (table 12). All but 9 of these provisions were in manufacturing in dustries, and accounted for two-thirds of the manufacturing agreements with scheduling provisions. Industries in which vacations scheduled during plant shutdown were predominant included primary metals, machinery (except elec trical), electrical machinery, rubber, and leather. Most of the remaining scheduling provisions designated specific periods during which vacations could be taken, most frequently in the summer months. Usually, employees were allowed their choice of vacation time during the des ignated period in order of seniority, but management reserved the right to change the time selected in accordance with operating needs. A few agreements specified more than one vacation period, usually summer and winter. These provisions were of 2 types— those which permitted the employee a choice of 1 of the periods specified, and those which permitted or required the employee to take a portion of vacations of 2 or more weeks at different times. Several other contracts designated a specific vacation period but provided for rescheduling at other times at either the employee1s or em ployees option. Nineteen agreements which could not be classified included a few in the food-processing industry which provided for vacations during the "inter campaign season;11 a few in other industries which permitted vacations during any part of the year except for certain specified months; and several agree ments which referred to scheduling but did not clearly indicate the vacation season. Split Vacations Analysis of the 1,493 graduated ’plans which provided vacations of 2 or more weeks revealed that 670 contained clauses relating to split vacations or nonconsecutive vacation periods. Eighty-seven of these prohibited split va cations; 95 made such arrangements compulsory. Of the remaining 488 con tracts, approximately 30 percent permitted split vacations at the employer* s discretion and a like proportion by mutual agreement between the employer and employee and/or union. The decision was left to the employee in 15 per cent of the 488 contracts. In another 25 percent, the provisions did not clearly indicate who could exercise the option to split vacations. Accumulation of Vacations Only 47 of the 1,664 agreements with paid vacations permitted accu mulation of vacation time from year to year. On the other hand, 612 contracts specifically prohibited accrual of vacations. Almost all of the 47 agreements which permitted accrual of vacation time contained limitations on the amount of vacation which could be carried over and used the following year. Usually employees entitled to 2 weeks1 va cation were permitted to accumulate a maximum of 1 week, and those entitled to 3 or 4 weeks* vacation were allowed a maximum accrual of 2 weeks. In a few instances, accrual of the entire vacation was permitted in certain c ir cumstances such as the employee* s absence during the vacation period because of illness or accident, or postponement of a scheduled vacation at the employ er1s request. 31 Vacation Allowances for Employees Entering or Returning from Military Service Provisions granting vacation allowances to employees entering military service were found in a fourth of the 1,664 agreements, and to reemployed veterans in a similar proportion (table 13). A number of these clauses waived the minimum work requirements and granted full vacation benefits to employees who otherwise would not be eligible. In many of the agreements, provisions for employees starting on military service and for those returning varied; in some instances, full vacations were granted to those entering military service and prorated to those returning, or vice versa. Full vacation allowances were granted in almost half of the 437 agree ments with vacation provisions relating to employees entering military service, and over half of the 406 with clauses relating to returned veterans. Following are examples: For the year in which he is inducted into military serv ice with the Armed Forces of the United States, an em ployee shall receive full vacation pay as he would have received had he worked until his eligibility date, his va cation allowance being based on his last date of hire . . . * * * An employee who, after being honorably discharged from the military service of the United States, is reinstated pursuant to this article shall be entitled to a vacation with pay or, in lieu thereof, to vacation allowance in and for the calendar year in which he is reinstated without regard to any requirement other than an adequate record of continuous service. Approximately half of the provisions covering employees entering mili tary service, and a fifth of those covering returning veterans, granted vacation allowances prorated according to the time worked before induction or after re turn. In some instances, a minimum allowance was granted even if the work requirements were not met. Most of the remaining contracts granted prorated vacation benefits in some circumstances, and full benefits in others. For instance, full allowances were granted if the employee left for military service after a specified date or was reemployed prior to a certain date, or completed certain minimum work requirements less stringent than those applicable to nonveteran employees. Effect of Termination on Employee1s Vacation Rights More than three-quarters (l,303) of the 1,664 agreements with paid vacations contained provisions relating to vacation pay for workers whose em ployment was terminated before the vacation period. Generally, where pay was granted, employees were paid for the amount of vacation earned up to the time of termination. For example: An employee who terminates his employment . . . for any reason shall be paid on termination, or within two weeks thereafter, for the amount of his unused vacation credits earned in the preceding and current calendar years in the following manner . . . T A B L E 1 3 . — V a c a tio n allo w a n c e fo r e m p lo y e e s en tering o r return ing fr o m m ilit a r y s e r v ic e in m a jo r c o lle c t iv e b argain in g a g r e e m e n ts , 19 57 V a c a tio n allo w a n ce f o r e m p lo y e e s A gree m en ts N u m b er with paid va c a tio n p r o v is io n s N u m b e r with va c a tio n p r o v is io n s re la tin g to m ilit a r y le a v e ------------------------------------------------P r o r a ta v a c a tio n 1 ------------------------------------------------F u ll v acatio n ------------------------------------- --------------------P r o r a ta in s o m e in s ta n c e s ; fu ll va c a tio n in o th e rs ---------------------------------------------------------------O th er p r o v is io n s ---------------------------------------------------N o v a catio n p r o v is io n s re la tin g to m ilit a r y s e r v ic e --------------------------------- ----------------- * W orkers ( 0 0 0 ’ s) A gree m e n ts W orkers ( 0 0 0 ’ s) 1 ,6 6 4 7 ,3 1 4 .9 1 ,6 6 4 7, 3 1 4 . 9 43 7 21 7 195 2 , 6 4 2 .2 8 8 9 .4 1 ,6 7 6 . 6 406 86 236 2 ,2 0 5 . 1 2 6 9 .9 1 ,5 5 1 .3 25 ■ 7 6 .2 1 ,2 2 7 4 , 6 7 2 .7 ■ 2 3 70 14 3 4 1 .5 4 2 .5 1 ,2 5 8 5, 1 0 9 .9 1 Includes a g r e e m e n ts w hich granted a sp e cifie d m in im u m v a ca tio n a llo w a n ce r e g a r d le s s of w o rk r e q u ir e m e n t s . * In cludes a g r e e m e n ts w hich p rovided fo r p rorate d v acatio n p ay u n le ss e m p lo y e e en tered or retu rn ed fr o m m il it a r y s e r v ic e b y a sp e c ifie d date or a ft e r co m p le tin g c e rta in w o rk r e q u ir e m e n t s , in w hich c a s e he r e c e iv e d a full va ca tio n . 3 In cludes a g r e e m e n ts w hich p rovide d fu ll v acatio n b en efits if the e m p lo y e e return ed fr o m m ilit a r y s e r v ic e p r io r to a c e r ta in d ate, but did not provide fo r p r o ra te d b e n e fits if he return ed a fte r this d ate . A ls o in clu d es a g re e m e n ts which granted a f la t -s u m p aym ent in lie u o f va ca tio n a ft e r 30 d a y s ’ re e m p lo y m e n t. NOTE: A gree m e n ts W orkers (0 0 0 's ) ---------------- 1 ,6 6 4 7 ,3 1 4 .9 N u m b e r with allo w a n ce fo r h olid ays during v a ca tio n s -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 ,0 6 9 5 , 1 1 0 .5 578 300 3 ,0 3 0 .3 1 ,3 7 3 .2 169 6 5 0 .9 A llo w a n ce s fo r h o lid a y s during v a c a tio n s R etu rn in g fr o m m il it a r y s e r v ic e E n terin g m ilita r y s e r v ic e E xtent of v a c a tio n a llo w a n c e T A B L E 1 4 . — A llo w a n ce s fo r h o lid a y s o c c u r r in g during va ca tio n s in m a jo r c o lle c t iv e b a rg a in in g a g r e e m e n t s , 1 9 5 7 B e c a u se of rounding, su m s of individual ite m s do not n e c e s s a r i ly equ al t o ta ls . N u m b er w ith paid v a ca tio n p r o v is io n s E x tra d a y ’ s p ay.no tim e off -----------------------------E x tra d ay’ s o ff with p ay -----------------------------------E x tra day off o r ex tra d a y ’ s p ay: A t e m p lo y e r ’ s or e m p lo y e e 's option D e te r m in e d b y m u tu al a g r e e m e n t betw een e m p lo y e r and e m p lo y e e ------------N o e x tr a tim e o ff or p ay u n le ss v a c a tio n p e r io d d eterm in ed b y e m p lo y e r — --------------O ther p r o v is io n s fo r h o lid a y a llo w a n c e during v a c a t i o n s ------- -----------------------------------------P ro h ib itio n on h o lid a y a llo w a n c e durin g v a c a tio n ---------------------------------------------------------------------N o p r o v is io n s fo r h olid ay a llo w a n c e durin g vac atio n s ------------------------------------------------------- N O T E : B e c a u se o f n e c e s s a r i ly equ al to ta ls . roun ding, su m s 9 26. 7 11 2 6 .5 2 3 .2 42 1 1 8 .4 553 2 ,0 8 6 .0 of in divid u al it e m s do not 03 ^ 33 The clauses fell into 3 categories: (l) 757 provisions specified that earned vacation pay would be granted on termination of employment. Some of the clauses merely stated that vacation pay would be granted M on termination of employment, " which would imply that payment would be made if employment was severed for any reason. Others in this group specified that payment would be made if employment was severed for specified reasons, such as layoff, re tirement, or resignation. Such clauses would imply that vacation pay would not be granted if employment was severed for other reasons. (2) 460 provi sions specifically stated that earned vacation pay would be granted if employ ment was terminated for certain reasons, but not if severed for other specific reasons, such as discharge for cause. For example: In the event an employee leaves the employ of the com pany for any reason, except when discharged for just cause, he shall receive vacation pay for which he has become eligible. (3) 86 provisions prohibited payment of vacation allowance in event employment was severed for specified reasons, such as discharge for cause. Such clauses would imply that vacation allowances were not denied in other types of termination. A number of the agreements contained a proviso that in event of an employee* s death, the vacation payment would be made to his beneficiary. Holidays Occurring During Vacation Period Allowances for holidays occurring during vacation periods were pro vided for in 1,069 agreements— almost two-thirds of those with paid vacation provisions (table 14). Only 42 agreements specifically prohibited any allowances for such holidays. Most prevalent were clauses granting an extra day's pay but no addi tional time off. This occurred in over half of the 1,0 69 agreements. An extra day off with pay was provided for in over a fourth of these contracts, and either an extra day off or an extra day* s pay in less than a fifth. In the latter group, the choice was left either to the employer or the employee in most in stances; in a few, it was to be determined by mutual agreement. Under 11 agreements, no additional time off or pay was granted unless the vacation period was determined by the employer. Two agreements granted 1 extra day's pay for 1 specified holiday— July 4th in 1 instance, and the em ployee's birthday in the other—but made no mention of allowances for other holidays falling during vacations. Vacations for Part-Time and Seasonal Workers Only 203 agreements granted paid vacations for part-time or seasonal employees, and 23 stated that such employees would not be eligible for vacation allowances. Vacation benefits for part-time or seasonal workers were most frequently based on the same plan as regular employees, but prorated by the number of hours worked or by the length of their scheduled workweek. This type of provision was found in 180 agreements. Following is an example: Part-time employees shall be granted vacations on the same basis as full-time employees, except that their vacation pay shall be based on the hours worked during the year preceding the anniversary date of employment divided by 52. 34 One agreement provided the same vacation benefits as those granted regular employees, provided the minimum work requirements were met. In 18 agreements, vacation allowances for part-time or seasonal employees were not prorated on the same plan as regular workers. Most of these granted a maximum of 1 week* s vacation, based on the number of weekly hours sched uled. The remaining 4 contracts did not clearly indicate the amount of vaca tion allowance granted such workers. Nearly half of the 203 agreements with vacation allowances for parttime or seasonal employees were concentrated in 3 industries— steel, tele phone, and retail trade. ☆ U. S. GO VE RN M EN T PRINTING O FFIC E : 1958 O -4 6 9 1 5 6
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