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Occupational Wage Survey SEATTLE, WASHINGTON AU GU ST 196 0 Bulletin N o . 1285-7 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clagua, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey S E A T T L E , W A S H IN G T O N AUGUST 1960 Bulletin No. 1285-7 November I960 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Cloguo, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 25 cents Contents Preface Page The C om m u n ity W age S u rv ey P r o g r a m I n t r o d u c t io n _______________________________________________________________ W age tren ds fo r s e le c t e d occu p a tio n a l grou p s ________________________ The B u reau o f L a b o r S ta tistic s r e g u la r ly con d u cts area w id e wage su r v e y s in a n u m b er o f im p orta n t in d u stria l c e n t e r s . The stu d ie s, m ade fr o m late fa ll to e a r ly sp rin g , rela te to o ccu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and r e la te d su p p lem en ta ry b e n e fits . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on c o m p le tio n o f the study in ea ch a r e a , u su a lly in the m onth fo llo w in g the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ied. T h is b u lletin p ro v id e s additional data not in clu d ed in the e a r lie r r e p o r t . A co n s o lid a te d a n a ly tica l b u lletin su m m a r iz in g the r e su lts o f a ll o f the y e a r ’ s s u rv e y s is is s u e d a fte r c o m p le tio n o f the fin a l a r e a b u lletin fo r die c u r r e n t round o f s u r v e y s . T a b le s : T h is r e p o r t w as p r e p a r e d in the B u re a u ’ s r e g io n a l o ffic e in San F r a n c is c o , C a l i f . , by W illia m P . O ’ C on n or, under the d ir e c tio n o f John L . D ana, A s s is ta n t R eg ion a l D ir e c t o r fo r W ages and In d u stria l R e la tio n s . B: 1. 2. A: E sta b lish m en ts and w o rk e r s w ithin s c o p e o f s u r v e y ___________ P e r c e n ts o f in c r e a s e in stan dard w eek ly s a la r ie s and str a ig h t-tim e h o u rly Warnings fo r s e le c t e d occu p a tion a l g ro u p s, fo r s e le c t e d p e r i o d s _____________________ —______ _____ 3 O ccu p a tion a l e a rn in g s: * A - 1. O ffic e o c c u p a tio n s ______________________________________ A -2 . P r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c c u p a t io n s ____________ —___ A -3 . M ain ten an ce and p ow er plant o c c u p a t io n s ___________ A -4 . C u stod ia l and m a te r ia l m ov em en t o c c u p a t io n s ________ 5 7 8 9 E sta b lish m en t p r a c tic e s and su p p lem en ta ry w age p r o v is io n s : * B - 1. Shift d iffe r e n tia ls _________________________________________ B -2 . M in im u m en tran ce s a la r ie s fo r w om en o ffic e w o rk e r s ___________________________________________________ B -3 . S ch edu led w eek ly h ou rs __________________________________ B -4 . P a id h o lid a y s ______________________________________________ B -5 . P a id v a ca tion s ____________________________________________ B -6 . H ealth, in s u r a n ce , and p en sion p la n s __________________ A ppendix: O ccu p a tion a l d e s c r ip t i o n s ___________________________________ * N O TE: S im ila r ta b u la tion s, b a se d on K ing C ounty, a re a v a ila b le in the Seattle a r e a r e p o r ts fo r S e p tem b er 1951 and A u gust o f ea ch y e a r sin ce 1956. D ata fo r the p r e se n t study r e la te to K ing and S n oh om ish C ou n ties. A d ir e c t o r y in d icatin g date o f study and the p r ic e o f the r e p o r t s , as w ell as r e p o r ts fo r oth er m a jo r a r e a s , is a v a ila b le upon r e q u e st. A c u r r e n t r e p o r t on o c cu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and su p p lem en ta ry w age p r a c tic e s is a ls o a v a ila b le fo r bank ing in the Seattle a r e a (M ay I9 6 0 ). Union s c a l e s , in d ic ative o f p r e v a ilin g pay le v e ls , a re a v a ila b le fo r the f o l low in g tra d es o r in d u str ie s : B u ild ing c o n s tr u c tio n , p rin tin g, lo c a l-t r a n s it op era tin g e m p lo y e e s , and m o to r tr u c k d r iv e r s and h e lp e r s . iii 1 4 3 11 12 12 13 14 16 17 Occupational Wage S u rv e y — Seattle, Wash. Introduction T h is a r e a is one o f s e v e r a l im p orta n t in d u stria l c e n t e r s in w hich the U .S . D ep artm en t o f L a b o r 's B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s has con d u cted s u r v e y s o f o c cu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and r e la te d w age b en efits on an area w id e b a s is . In this a r e a , data w e re obtain ed by p e r s o n a l v is it s o f B u rea u fie ld e c o n o m is t s to re p re s e n ta tiv e e sta b lish m en ts w ithin s ix b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s : M an u fa ctu rin g; t r a n s p o r t a tio n ,1 co m m u n ica tio n , and o th e r pu blic u tilitie s ; w h o le sa le tra d e ; r e ta il tra d e ; fin a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in d u stry g rou p s e x clu d e d fr o m th ese stu d ies a r e g ov ern m en t o p e r a tio n s and the c o n s tr u c tio n and e x tr a c tiv e in d u s tr ie s . E sta b lish m en ts having fe w e r than a p r e s c r ib e d n u m ber o f w o r k e r s a r e o m itte d a ls o b e c a u s e they fu rn ish in s u ffic ie n t em p lo y m e n t in the occu p a tio n s stu d ied to w a r rant in clu s io n . W h e re v e r p o s s ib le , se p a ra te tabu lation s a re p r o v id e d fo r ea ch o f the b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s . T h e se s u r v e y s a re con d u cted on a sa m p le b a s is b e c a u se o f the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in su rv e y in g a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts . T o obtain a p p rop ria te a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a te r p r o p o r tio n o f la rg e than o f s m a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts is stu d ied . In com b in in g the data, h o w ev er, a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts a re given th eir a p p rop ria te w eigh t. E s tim a te s b a se d on the e sta b lis h m e n ts stu d ied a re p re se n te d , th e r e fo r e , as r e latin g to a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts in the in d u stry grou pin g and a r e a , e x c e p t fo r th ose b e lo w the m in im u m s iz e stu d ied . O ccu p ation s and E a rn in g s The o ccu p a tio n s s e le c t e d fo r study a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m a n u factu rin g and n onm an ufacturin g in d u s tr ie s . O ccu p a tion a l c l a s s ific a tio n is b a se d on a u n ifo rm s e t o f jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d esig n ed to take a ccou n t o f in te r e sta b lish m e n t v a r ia tio n in du ties w ithin the sa m e jo b . (See appendix f o r lis tin g o f th ese d e s c r ip t io n s .) E a rn in g s data a re p resen ted fin the A - s e r i e s ta b le s ) f o r the fo llo w in g types o f o c c u p a tion s: (a) O ffic e c l e r i c a l ; (b) p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l; (c ) m a in te nance and p ow er plant; and (d) c u s to d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t. O ccu p a tion a l em p loy m en t and e a rn in g s data a re show n fo r fu ll-tim e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th ose h ir e d to w ork a r e g u la r w eek ly s c h e d ule in the g iven o c cu p a tio n a l c la s s ific a t io n . E a rn in g s data ex clu d e p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and f o r w o rk on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and 1 R a ilr o a d s , fo r m e r l y e x clu d e d fr o m the s c o p e o f th ese stu d ie s, w e r e in clu d ed in a ll o f the a r e a s studied s in c e Ju ly 1959, e x ce p t B a ltim o r e , B u ffa lo , C le v e la n d , and S ea ttle. R a ilr o a d s a r e now in clu d ed in the s c o p e o f a ll la b o r -m a r k e t w age s u r v e y s . late s h ifts . N on p rod u ction b on u ses a re e x clu d e d a ls o , but c o s t - o f liv in g b on u ses and in cen tiv e ea rn in g s a re in clu d ed . W here w eek ly h ou rs are r e p o r te d , as fo r o ffic e c le r i c a l o c cu p a tio n s , r e fe r e n c e is to the w o rk sch e d u le s (rou n ded to the n e a r e s t h alf h ou r) f o r w hich s tra ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s a re paid; a v e ra g e w eek ly ea rn in g s fo r th ese occu p a tion s have b e e n roun ded to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r . A v e ra g e ea rn in g s o f m en and w om en a re p re se n te d se p a r a te ly fo r s e le c t e d occu p a tio n s in w hich both s e x e s a re c o m m o n ly e m p lo y e d . D iffe r e n c e s in pay le v e ls o f m en and w om en in th ese occu p a tion s are la r g e ly due to (1) d iffe r e n c e s in the d is trib u tio n o f the s e x e s am ong in d u stries and e s ta b lis h m e n ts; (2) d iffe r e n c e s in s p e c ific du ties p e r fo r m e d , although the occu p a tio n s a r e a p p ro p r ia te ly c la s s ifi e d w ithin the sam e s u r v e y jo b d e s c r ip tio n ; and (3) d iffe r e n c e s in length o f s e r v ic e o r m e r it r e v ie w when in dividu al s a la r ie s a re ad ju sted on this b a sis. L o n g e r a v e ra g e s e r v ic e o f m en w ou ld r e s u lt in h igh er a v era g e pay when both s e x e s a r e e m p lo y e d w ithin the sa m e rate ra n g e. Job d e s c r ip tio n s u sed in c la s s ify in g e m p lo y e e s in th ese su r v e y s are u su ally m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th ose u sed in in div idu al e sta b lis h m e n ts to a llow fo r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am ong e sta b lis h m e n ts in s p e c ific duties p e r fo r m e d . O ccu p a tion a l em ploym ent e s tim a te s r e p r e s e n t the total in all e sta b lish m en ts w ithin the s c o p e o f the study and n ot the n u m ber a ctu a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u se o f d iffe r e n c e s in occu p a tio n a l stru ctu re am ong e s ta b lis h m e n ts, the e s tim a te s o f o c cu p a tio n a l e m p loy m en t obtain ed fr o m the sa m p le o f e sta b lis h m e n ts stud ied s e r v e on ly to in d ica te the r e la tiv e im p o rta n ce o f the jo b s stu d ied. T h e se d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u pation al stru c tu re do not m a te r ia lly a ffe c t the a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n ings data. E sta b lish m en t P r a c t ic e s and S u pp lem en tary W age P r o v is io n s In form a tion is p re se n te d a ls o (in the B - s e r i e s ta b le s ) on s e le c te d esta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry b en efits as they r e late to o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s . The te r m " o ffic e w o r k e r s , " as u sed in this b u lletin , in clu d es w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s and n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o rk e r s p e r fo r m in g c l e r i c a l o r r e la te d fu n ctio n s, and e x clu d e s a d m in is tr a tiv e , e x e c u tiv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l p e r s o n n e l. "P la n t w o r k e r s " iiiclu d e w ork in g fo r e m e n and all n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s (in cluding le a d m en and tr a in e e s ) en ga ged in n o n o ffic e fu n ctio n s. A d m in is tra tiv e , e x e cu tiv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e s , and fo r c e -a c c o u n t c o n s tr u c tio n e m p lo y e e s who a re u tiliz e d as a sep a ra te w ork f o r c e a re e x clu d e d . C a fe te r ia w o r k e r s and rou tem en a re e x c lu d e d in m a n u factu rin g in d u s tries, but a re in clu d ed as plant w o r k e r s in n onm anufac ta rin g in d u stries. 2 Shift d iffe r e n tia l data (table B - l ) are lim ite d to m a n u factu rin g in d u s tr ie s . T h is in fo rm a tio n is p r e se n te d both in term s o f (a) e s t a b lish m en t p o lic y , 2 p r e s e n te d in te r m s o f total plant w o rk e r e m p lo y m en t, and (b) e ffe c t iv e p r a c t ic e , p re se n te d on the b a s is o f w o r k e r s a ctu a lly e m p lo y e d 01 the s p e c ifie d sh ift at the tim e o f the s u r v e y . In e sta b lis h m e n ts having v a r ie d d iffe r e n t ia ls , the am ount applying to a m a jo r ity w as u se d o r , if no am ount ap p lied to a m a jo r ity , the c l a s s ific a tio n " o t h e r " w as u se d . In e sta b lis h m e n ts in w hich som e la t e sh ift h ou rs a re paid at n o rm a l r a te s , a d iffe r e n tia l w as r e c o r d e d on ly i f it a p p lied to a m a jo r ity o f the sh ift h o u r s. M in im u m e n tra n ce ra tes (table B -2 ) re la te on ly to the e s t a b lis h m e n ts v is it e d . T h ey a re p r e se n te d on an esta b lis h m e n t, ra th er than on an em p lo y m e n t b a s is . P a id h o lid a y s ; paid v a c a tio n s ; and h ealth , in s u r a n ce , and p en sion plans are tre a te d s ta t is t ic a lly on the b a s is that th ese are a p p lica b le to all plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s i f a m a jo r it y o f su ch w o r k e r s are e lig ib le o r m a y ev en tu a lly q u a lify fo r the p r a c t ic e s lis t e d . S ch ed u led h ou rs are tr e a te d s ta t is t ic a lly on the b a s is that th ese a re a p p lica b le to all plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s i f a m a jo r ity a re c o v e r e d . 3 B e c a u se o f roun din g, sum s o f in dividu al ite m s in these tabu lation s m a y not equ al to ta ls . The f i r s t part o f the paid h o lid a y s table p r e s e n ts the n u m b e r o f w hole and h a lf h olid a y s a ctu a lly p r o v id e d . The s e c o n d p a rt c o m b in e s w hole and h a lf h o lid a y s to sh ow total h olid a y t im e . D ata a re p r e s e n te d f o r a ll h ealth, in su r a n ce , and p e n sio n plans f o r w hich at le a s t a p a rt o f the c o s t is b o rn e by the e m p lo y e r , ex cep tin g on ly le g a l re q u ire m e n ts su ch as w o rk m e n 's c om p en sa tion , s o c ia l s e c u r it y , and r a ilr o a d r e tir e m e n t. Such plans in clu d e th ose u n d erw ritten b y a c o m m e r c ia l in su ra n ce com pa n y and th ose p r o v id e d th rough a union fund o r p a id d ir e c t ly b y the e m p lo y e r out o f cu r re n t op era tin g funds o r fr o m a fund s e t a sid e f o r this p u rp o s e . D eath b e n e fits a r e in clu d ed as a fo r m o f life in su ra n ce . S ick n e s s and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce is lim ited- to that type o f in su ra n ce u nder w hich p r e d e te r m in e d c a s h paym en ts a r e m ade d ir e c t ly to the in su re d on a w eek ly o r m on th ly b a s is during illn e s s o r a c c id e n t d is a b ility . In form a tion is p r e s e n te d fo r all such plans to w hich the e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u te s . H o w e v e r, in New Y o rk and New J e r s e y , w hich have en a cted te m p o ra ry d is a b ility in su ra n ce la w s w hich re q u ire e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s ,4 plans are in clu d ed on ly i f the e m p lo y e r (1) c o n trib u tes m o r e than is le g a lly r e q u ir e d , o r (2) p r o v id e s the e m p lo y e e w ith b e n e fits w h ich e x c e e d the re q u ire m e n ts o f the la w . T ab u lation s o f paid s ic k -le a v e plans a r e lim ite d to fo r m a l p la n s 5 w h ich p ro v id e fu ll pay o r a p r o p o r tio n o f the w o r k e r 's pay during a b se n ce fr o m w o rk b e c a u s e o f illn e s s . S ep a ra te tabu lation s a re p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to ( l ) plans w hich p r o v id e fu ll pay and no w aiting p e r io d , and (2) plans p rov id in g e ith e r p a rtia l pay o r a w aiting p e r io d . In ad dition to the p re se n ta tio n o f the p r o p o rtio n s o f w o r k e r s who a re p r o v id e d s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce o r paid s ic k le a v e , an u n du plicated to ta l is show n o f w o r k e r s who r e c e iv e e ith e r o r both types o f b e n e fits . The su m m a ry o f v a ca tio n plans is lim ite d to fo r m a l a r r a n g e m e n ts , ex clu d in g in fo r m a l plans w h ereb y tim e o ff w ith pay is gra n ted at the d is c r e t io n o f the e m p lo y e r . S ep arate e s tim a te s a re p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to e m p lo y e r p r a c tic e in com p u tin g v a ca tio n p a ym en ts, such as tim e p a ym en ts, p e r ce n t o f annual e a r n in g s, o r fla t -s u m am ou n ts. H o w e v e r , in the tabu lation s o f v a ca tio n a llo w a n c e s , paym en ts not on a tim e b a s is w e re c o n v e r te d ; f o r e x a m p le , a paym en t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual ea rn in g s w as c o n s id e r e d as the eq u iv a len t o f 1 w e e k 1s pay. C a ta strop h e in s u r a n c e , s o m e tim e s r e fe r r e d to as t ex ten ded m e d ic a l in s u r a n ce , in clu d e s th ose plans w h ich a r e d e s ig n e d to p r o te c t e m p lo y e e s in c a s e o f s ic k n e s s and in ju ry in v olv in g e x p e n s e s b eyon d the n o rm a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p ita liz a tio n , m e d ic a l, and s u r g ic a l p la n s. M e d ic a l in su ra n ce r e fe r s to plans p r o v id in g f o r c o m p le te o r p a rtia l paym en t o f d o c t o r s ' f e e s . Such plans m a y be u n d erw ritten b y c o m m e r c ia l in su ra n ce c o m p a n ie s o r n o n p r o fit o r g a n iz a tio n s o r they m a y be s e lf-in s u r e d . T ab u lation s o f r e tir e m e n t p en sion plans are lim ite d to th ose plans that p r o v id e m on th ly pa ym en ts f o r the r e m a in d e r o f the w o r k e r 's lif e . An e s ta b lis h m e n t w as c o n s id e r e d as h aving a p o lic y if it m e t e ith e r o f the fo llo w in g co n d itio n s : (1) O p era ted la te sh ifts at the tim e o f the s u r v e y , o r (2) had fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g late s h ifts . * S ch edu led w e e k ly h ou rs f o r o ffic e w o r k e r s (f ir s t s e c tio n o f ta ble B -3 ) in su r v e y s m a d e p r io r to July 1957 w e r e p r e s e n te d in te r m s o f the p r o p o r t io n o f w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in o ffic e s w ith the in d ica ted w e e k ly h ou rs f o r w om en w o r k e r s . 4 The te m p o r a r y d is a b ility la w s in C a lifo r n ia and R hode Islan d do n ot r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u tio n s . 5 An e sta b lis h m e n t w as c o n s id e r e d as having a fo r m a l plan if it e s ta b lis h e d at le a s t the m in im u m n u m ber o f days o f s ic k le a v e that c o u ld be e x p e cte d b y e a ch e m p lo y e e . Such a plan n eed n ot b e w ritte n , but in fo r m a l s ic k -le a v e a llo w a n c e s , d e te rm in e d on an in dividu al b a s i s , w e re e x clu d e d . 3 Table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Seattle. Wash. . Minimum employment in establish ments in scope of study Industry division by m ajor industry division. 2 August I960 Number of establishments W ithin scope of study 3 W orkers in establishments Studied Within scope of study Studied T o ta l4 Office Plant T otal4 All divisions 50 601 145 1 7 0 ,9 0 0 3 6 ,5 0 0 9 7 ,6 0 0 1 1 8 ,0 5 0 Manufacturing ___ _______________ ______________ __ _____ — __ __ N onm anufacturing______ _____ __________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities 5 ___ __ ________ _________ __ ________ Wholesale trade _ _______________ ___ _____ ____ ____ Retail trade _______________________ ___________ _________ Finance, insurance, and real estate _____ ____ ____ _ Services 7 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 50 223 378 51 94 9 8 ,0 0 0 7 2 ,9 0 0 1 8 ,9 0 0 1 7 ,6 0 0 5 8 ,1 0 0 3 9 ,5 0 0 7 6 ,2 8 0 4 1 ,7 7 0 50 50 50 50 57 88 118 9 .3 0 0 50 2 0 ,9 0 0 9 , 900 2 4 ,6 0 0 1 1 ,5 0 0 6 ,0 0 0 3 ,7 0 0 so 25 13 28 15 13 1 6 ,4 1 0 2 ,6 3 0 1 4 ,7 2 0 5 ,4 1 0 2 ,6 0 0 65 (6) 2 ,8 0 0 (?) (6) (6) 1 9 ,0 0 0 (?) (6) 1 The Seattle Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (King and Snohomish Counties). Earlier surveys of the Seattle area were based on King County only. The "w orkers within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estim ates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to m easure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) sm all establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division. Major changes from the earlier edition (used in the Bureau's labor market wage surveys conducted prior to July 1958) are the transfer of m ilk pasteurization plants and ready-m ixed concrete establishments from trade (wholesale or retail) to manufacturing, and the transfer of radio and television broadcasting from services to the transportation, communication, and other public utilities division. 3 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the m inim um -size limitation. A ll outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service, and m otion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 4 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories. 5 Railroads were included; taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation were excluded. Since the City of Seattle's electric utilities and local transit facilities are municipally operated, they are excluded, by definition, from the scope of the studies. 6 This industry division is represented in estim ates for "a ll industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the series A and B tables. Separate presentation of data for this division is not made for one or m ore of the following reasons: (1) Employment in the division is too sm all to provide enough data to m erit separate study, (2) the sample was not designed initially topermit separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to permit separate presentation, (4) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishment data. 7 Hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair shops; motion pictures; nonprofit m em bership organizations; and engineering and architectural service s. Table 2. Percents of increase in standard weekly salaries and straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupational groups in Seattle, Wash. , for selected periods Percent increases from— Industry and occupational group August 1959 to August I960 August 1958 to August 1959 August 1957 to August 1958 August 1956 to August 1957 September 1951 to August 1956 A ll industries: Office clerical (women) ______________ Skilled maintenance (men) ___________ Unskilled plant (men) ___ __ _______ 2 .9 2. 6 4. 3 5. 1 4. 5 5.7 4 .9 5. 3 5. 7 5 .0 4. 5 4. 9 23. 6 20. 6 23. 0 Manufacturing: Office clerical (women) _____________ Skilled maintenance (men) ___________ Unskilled plant (men) -------------------------- 4. 1 3. 0 3. 3 4. 3 3. 5 4 .4 5. 3 5. 9 5. 5 3. 9 4. 0 5. 3 22. 2 20. 8 15. 2 4 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups P r e s e n te d in ta ble 2 a r e in d ex es o f s a la r ie s o f o ffic e c le r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u stria l n u r s e s , and o f a v era g e ea rn in g s o f s e le c t e d plant w o r k e r g ro u p s. In a r e a s w h ich w e r e not su r v e y e d during the f i s c a l 1953 b a s e y e a r (Ju ly 1952 to June 1953) th is ta ble is lim ite d to p e r c e n ts o f change betw een s e le c t e d p e r io d s . F o r o ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u stria l n u r s e s , the in d ex es r e la te to a v e r a g e w eek ly s a la r ie s fo r n o rm a l h ou rs o f w o r k , that is , the stan dard w o rk sch ed u le fo r w h ich stra ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s a re paid. F o r plant w o r k e r g ro u p s , they m e a s u r e ch a n g es in s t r a ig h t-tim e h ou rly e a r n in g s , e x clu d in g p r e m iu m pa y fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and late sh ifts. The in d ex es a re b a se d on data fo r s e le c t e d k ey o c cu p a tio n s and in clu d e m o s t o f the n u m e r ic a lly im p orta n t jo b s w ith in ea ch grou p . The o ffic e c le r i c a l data a re b a s e d on w om en in the fo llo w in g 18 jo b s : B i lle r s , m a ch in e (b illin g m a ch in e); b o o k k e e p in g m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A and B ; C o m p to m e te r o p e r a t o r s ; c le r k s , file , c la s s A and B; c le r k s , o r d e r ; c le r k s , p a y r o ll; k eyp un ch o p e r a t o r s ; o ffic e g ir l s ; s e c r e t a r ie s ; ste n o g r a p h e rs , g e n e r a l; sw itch b o a rd o p e r a t o r s ; sw itch b o a rd o p e r a t o r -r e c e p t io n is t s ; ta b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s ; tr a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l; and ty p is ts , c la s s A and B. The in d u stria l n u rse data a r e b a s e d on w om en in d u stria l n u r s e s . M en in the fo llo w in g 10 s k ille d m a in ten an ce jo b s and 3 u n sk illed jo b s w e r e in clu d ed in the plant w o r k e r data: S k illed— c a r p e n t e r s ; e le c t r ic ia n s ; m a ch in is ts ; m e c h a n ic s ; m e c h a n ic s , au tom otiv e; m i l l w rig h ts ; p a in te r s ; p ip e fitte r s ; s h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r s ; and to o l and die m a k e r s ; u n s k ille d — ja n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s ; la b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l handling; and w atch m en . A v e ra g e w eek ly s a la r ie s o r a v e ra g e h o u rly ea rn in g s w e re com p u ted fo r e a c h o f the s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n s . The a v e ra g e s a la r ie s o r h o u r ly ea rn in g s w e re then m u ltip lie d by the a v e r a g e o f 1953 and 1954 em p loy m en t in the jo b . T h ese w eigh ted ea rn in g s fo r in dividu al o c cu p a tio n s w e r e then tota led to obtain an a g g re g a te fo r e a ch o c c u p a tion a l g rou p . F in a lly , the ra tio o f th ese grou p a g g re g a te s f o r a g iven y e a r to the a g g re g a te f o r the b a se p e r io d (s u r v e y m onth, w in te r 1952-53) w a s com p u ted and the r e s u lt m u ltip lie d by the b a s e y e a r in dex (100) to g et the in dex fo r the g iven y e a r . S im ila r p r o c e d u r e s w e r e fo llo w e d in c o m p ilin g "p e r c e n t s o f ch a n g e " in a r e a s not su r v e y e d during 1953. A dju stm en ts have b een m ade w h ere n e c e s s a r y to m aintain c o m p a r a b ility so that the y e a r - t o - y e a r c o m p a r is o n s a r e b a s e d on the sa m e in d u stry and o ccu p a tio n a l c o v e r a g e . F o r e x a m p le , r a ilr o a d s have b een in clu d ed in the c o v e r a g e o f the su r v e y s on ly sin ce July 1959. In com pu tin g the in d e x e s fo r the fir s t y e a r in w h ich r a ilr o a d s w e re in clu d ed , data re la tin g to r a ilr o a d s w e r e ex clu d ed . In dexes fo r s u b s e quent y e a r s in clu d e data fo r r a ilr o a d s . The in d ex es m e a s u r e , p r in c ip a lly , the e ffe c t s o f ( l ) g e n e ra l sa la ry and w age ch a n g e s; (2) m e r it o r oth er in c r e a s e s in pay r e c e iv e d b y in d iv id u al w o r k e r s w h ile in the sa m e jo b ; and (3) ch a n ges in the la b o r f o r c e su ch as la b o r tu r n o v e r, f o r c e ex p a n sion s, f o r c e r e d u c tio n s , and ch a n g es in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d by e s t a b lis h m e n ts w ith d iffe r e n t pa y le v e ls . C hanges in the la b o r f o r c e can ca u se in c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the o ccu p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s w ithout actu a l w age ch a n g es. F o r e x a m p le , a fo r c e exp an sion m igh t in c r e a s e the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s in a s p e c ific o ccu p a tio n and r e sult in a d rop in the a v e r a g e , w h e r e a s a r e d u ctio n in the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s w ou ld have the o p p o s ite e ffe c t . The m o v e m e n t o f a h ig h -p a y in g esta b lis h m e n t out o f an a r e a c o u ld ca u se the a v e r a g e ea rn in g s to d ro p , even though no change in r a te s o c c u r r e d in oth er a r e a e s ta b lis h m e n ts. The u se o f con stan t em p loy m en t w eigh ts elim in a te s the e ffe c t s o f ch a n g es in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in ea ch jo b in clu d e d in the data. N or a r e the in d ex es in flu en ced by ch a n g es in stan dard w o rk sch e d u le s o r in p r e m iu m pay f o r o v e r t im e , sin c e they a r e b a s e d on pay fo r s t r a ig h t-tim e h o u r s. In dexes f o r the p e r io d 1953 to I960 fo r w o r k e r s in 20 m a jo r la b o r m a rk e ts w ill ap pear in BLS B ull. 1265-62, W ages and R ela ted B e n e fits , 60 L a b o r M a rk e ts, W in ter 1 9 59 -60. A* Occupational Earnings 5 Table A-1. Office Occupations (A verage straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Seattle, Wash. , August I960) A n u ti Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of worken Weekly Weekly x hour* * (Standard) (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ 40. 00 45. 00 and under 4 5 .0 0 50. 00 50. 00 55. 00 ^ 0 . 00 ?5 . 00 < 70. 00 S 7 5 .0 0 80. 00 *85. 00 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 65. 00 70. 00 7 5 .0 0 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 - - - - - 1 1 - - - - 1 5 5 - 8 3 5 - 36 3 33 16 36 13 23 7 15 4 11 8 34 12 22 8 10 5 5 5 10 6 4 1 18 16 2 2 1 _ 1 _ 1 2 6 4 _ _ _ 10 _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - 26 22 . - 21 18 _ - 59 56 2 - - - 3 1 1 4 - 5 4 15 14 _ % I t S » S 95. 00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 n o . oo 1*15. 00 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 and 95. 00 1 0 0 .0 0 105. 00 n o . oo 115. 00 1 2 0 .0 0 125. 00 over 9 0 . 00 Men C lerk s, accounting, c la ss A ----------------------------------------------Manufacturing -----------------------------------------------------------------N onm anufacturing-----------------------------------------------------------Public utilities 2 ______________________________________ 178 67 111 48 40. 0 40. 0 39. 5 4 0 .0 > 103.50 110.50 99.00 101 .00 - - - - C lerk s, accounting, c la ss B ----------------------------------------------- 25 40. 0 95.50 _ _ C lerk s, order ______________________________________ __________ Nonmanufacturing _______________________________________ 128 110 40. 0 40. 0 104.50 103.00 _ C lerk s, p a y r o ll---------------------------------------------------------------------M an ufacturing____________________________________________ 40 2b 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 95.00 94.00 Office boys ___________________________________________________ M anufacturing___ _________________________________________ N onm anufacturing________________________________________ 105 44 61 40. 0 4 0 .0 39. 5 62.00 63.50 61.50 Tabulating-m achine op erators, c la ss 6 _________________ Nonm anufacturing------------------------------------------------------------- 117 47 40. 0 40. 0 95.50 95.50 Tabulating-m achine op erators, c la ss C -------------------------N onm anufacturing_______________________________________ 58 29 40. 0 40. 0 81.50 60. bb B ille r s, machine (billing machine) ---------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ________________________________________ Public utilities 2 --------------------------------------------------------- 85 70 40 40. 0 4b. 0 4 0 .0 B ille rs, machine (bookkeeping machine) ________________ Nonm anufacturing-----------------------------------------------------------Retail trade _________________ -________________________ 65 47 38 Bookkeeping-machine op erators, c la ss A ---------------------Nonm anufacturing------------------------------------------------------------ _ 5 5 _ - - - - 3 - 4 — 5----- 4 - 15 15 2 1 12 11 1 15 10 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i _ - _ - . - _ - - - 2 2 9 9 - 46 2 26 6 20 16 11 10 1 . - 13 8 2 " 1 1 _ - 26 6 _ - 2 - _ - 14 14 - - - - 1 1 1 9 8 5 24 24 - 4 3 - 27 14 14 * 13 16 13 - 5 5 5 - 2 2 2 - _ - _ - _ - _ - - - - 3 - 25 25 20 19 13 12 4 3 1 7 6 5 - 7 - - - - _ - _ - _ - - - - - - - _ - _ - _ - _ - 12 12 25 £4 11 11 9 9 11 1 19 17 2 - 4 - 7 7 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - 64.00 76.00 62.50 65.00 - 19 19 - 50 50 8 81 81 - 180 4 176 36 48 6 42 6 53 11 42 4 35 7 28 9 13 12 1 1 4 3 1 - 2 2 - 7 7 - - - - - - - - - - • 4 0 .0 40. 0 39. 5 40. 0 40. 0 85.00 9 4 .00 83.50 87.00 79.00 _ - _ - _ _ 5 55 - - - - - - - 21 14 7 3 1 3 1 2 1 1 6 6 2 _ _ - 55 2 40 60 23 37 3 19 _ - - 5 5 42 103 -----2-----5 40 98 26 68 3 8 _ - 8 8 2 3 - - 7 2 5 2 3 39. 39. 39. 40. 40. 73.00 81.50 70.00 71.00 71.50 _ - _ - 26 26 12 116 6 110 3 30 97 15 82 10 30 45 23 22 16 " 6 1 5 - - - _ - _ - _ _ - ■ 124 b 115 22 44 7 5 2 - " 45 3 42 6 4 ~ “ ' * • - - - - - - " “ - 9 5 4 18 13 5 26 3 23 16 2 14 5 5 - - - “ " 1 1 1 1 - - _ _ - " “ 75.00 74.00 79.00 - - 4 0 .0 40. 0 40. 0 7 3 .00 71.00 71.00 - 100 81 4 0 .0 4b. 0 78.00 76.00 Bookkeeping-machine op erators, c la ss B ---------------------Manufacturing __ ________________________________________ Nonm anufacturing_______________________________________ Retail trade ----------------------------------------------------------------- 492 45 447 64 40. 40. 40. 40. 0 0 0 0 C lerk s, accounting, c la ss A ---------------------------------------------M an ufacturing--- --------------------------------------------------------------Nonm anufacturing____________________________ 1---------------Public utilities 2 --------------------------------------------------------Retail trade ----------------------------------------------------------------- 345 49 296 116 86 2 --------r ~ - - 2 2 - _ _ - _ _ _ - - _ _ - _ - Women 656 C lerk s, accounting, c la ss B _______________________________ Manufacturing ____________________________________________ “ 7 5 2 494 Nonm anufacturing__________________ ______________________ 86 Public utilities 2 ______________________________________ 156 Retail trade ___________________________________________ 5 5 5 0 0 1 35 — 2— 33 9 1 60 25 35 2 20 70 36 35 12 17 60 45 20 3 10 - See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Estimates for all industries, nonmanufacturing, and public utilities include data for railroads (SIC 40), omitted from the scope of all labor market wage surveys made before July 1959, and also omitted from the Seattle survey of August 1959. Where significant, the effect of the inclusion of railroads is greatest on the data shown separately for the public utilities division. The trend of earnings in selected occupational groups in all industries, excluding railroads, appears in table 2. - . - _ 6 Table A-1. Office Occupatbns-Continued (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Seattle, W ash., August I960) Aymuob Sex, occupation, and industry division Number at weeka n NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING! STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ Weekly, Weekly j 40. 00 hours 1 (Standard) (Standard) tinder 45. 00 S 45. 00 S 50. 00 S 55. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 $ S 60. 00 65. 00 65. 00 70. 00 $ 70. 00 $ 75. 00 S 80. 00 S 85. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 S 90. 00 S S S $ $ S s 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 n o . oo 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 and 95. 00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 n o . oo 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 over Women— Continued Clerks, file, class A ------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------- 157 63 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 Clerks, file, class B _______________ _ Manufacturing _____________________ Nonmanufacturing -------------------------Public utilities 2 -----------------------Retail trade ------------------------------- 574 150 424 30 70 3 9 .5 40 . 0 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 40. 0 61. 74. 56. 67. 61. 00 50 00 50 50 Clerks, order ------------------------------------Manufacturing -------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------Retail trade ------------------------------- 248 67 181 69 40 . 0 4 0 .0 40. 0 40 . 0 76. 74. 76. 72. 00 50 50 50 Clerks, payroll ----------------------------------Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing — Public utilities2 Retail trade --------- 258 102 156 28 58 4 0 .0 40. 0 3 9 .5 40. 0 40 . 0 80. 85. 77. 77. 78. 00 00 00 00 00 Comptometer operators Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Retail trade ---- 429 101 328 153 40. 40 . 40. 40. 76. 84. 74. 71. 50 00 00 50 Duplicating-machine operators (Mimeograph or Ditto) ----------Nonmanufacturing ---------------- 0 0 0 0 $ 8 1 .5 0 74. 00 3 3 13 13 10 10 8 8 10 10 44 4 46 13 22 1 1 1 93 15 78 5 21 106' 5 101 12 45 35 35 5 4 32 23 9 2 - 75 71 4 - 32 30 2 2 - 9 4 5 4 - _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - 55 29 26 26 32 13 19 7 32 3 29 5 45 45 3 36 9 5 4 - 4 - - 36 24 26 15 11 1 4 - 3 3 3 4 - _ _ 3 13 - - - - 33 8 25 _ - - - - 43 18 25 3 5 12 53 17 36 9 17 32 10 22 5 13 22 6 16 1 7 17 10 7 3 1 25 22 3 2 1 69 62 10 52 11 69 21 48 24 73 5 68 26 65 49 16 3 23 10 13 - 3 2 1 - - - - - 38 38 _ - 93 61 2 59 - - - _ _ _ - - _ - - - “ 9 9 - 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 6 1 .5 0 60. 50 _ Keypunch operators — Manufacturing ------Nonmanufacturing Public utilities2 514 251 263 79 40. 0 40. 0 3 9 .5 40 . 0 74. 79. 70. 72. _ - Office girls ---------------Manufacturing -------Nonmanufacturing 143 24 119 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 56. 50 64. 50 55. 00 Secretaries Manufacturing ------Nonmanufacturing .. Public utilities2 Retail trade ------ 1,405 760 645 151 81 3 9 .5 40. 0 39. 5 40. 0 40 . 0 92. 97. 87. 93. 83. Stenographers, general Manufacturing ______ Nonmanufacturing — Public utilities 2 Retail trade -------- 1,919 1,245 674 161 25 3 9 .5 40 . 0 39. 5 40. 0 40 . 0 50 50 00 50 50 80. 00 82. 50 75. 00 8 1 .5 0 75. 50 - - _ 47 37 50 00 00 00 93 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 - - - 31 11 23 23 4 19 21 1 20 - 23 _ - _ - . _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ - _ - - - _ - - 5 2 3 8 5 3 3 3 - _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - 2 2 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ - - - - - 9 2 69 69 3 3 8 8 25 15 _ 2 2 _ . _ - - - - 25 3 22 5 42 10 32 11 79 13 66 11 41 17 24 8 117 88 29 2 100 77 23 9 62 34 28 19 13 7 6 3 4 2 2 - 21 2 19 29 4 25 7 1 6 12 8 4 3 3 - 1 1 - 3 3 - . - - - - - - - - - 8 3 5 2 35 1 34 11 3 51 7 44 5 3 102 20 82 9 19 171 21 150 12 21 211 91 120 26 17 216 146 70 20 8 206 158 48 16 5 206 158 48 26 2 93 74 19 10 1 68 63 5 5 - 9 7 2 2 - 14 5 9 2 - 14 5 9 7 - 127 23 104 19 3 199 35 164 26 7 105 19 86 12 3 421 305 116 15 3 519 453 66 36 3 316 268 48 16 4 158 135 23 8 2 15 1 14 6 33 4 29 15 9 1 8 8 _ _ _ - 1 1 - - - - 28 3 25 6 8 14 5 9 7 2 36 10 26 26 26 11 15 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 39 21 18 11 7 8 5 20 1 19 4 1 8 6 2 5 5 1 1 . - _ _ - - - -• - - - _ - _ - ' ‘ ' ‘ ' ' - - - - _ _ _ 16 _ _ - _ - _ - - - - - _ _ 6 - 31 1 30 4 2 112 1 111 46 34 13 21 2 3 73 14 59 18 15 42 15 27 9 3 - 16 - 303 50 253 55 65 40. 40 . 40. 40. 40. 0 0 0 0 0 73. 00 79. 00 71. 50 8 1 .5 0 68. 50 - _ _ 6 - - 1 16 6 10 4 3 Switchboard operator - receptionists Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Public utilities2 Retail trade ------ 255 88 167 49 26 3 9 .5 40. 0 39- 0 40 . 0 40. 0 72. 00 75. 00 70. 50 72. 00 7 1 .0 0 . _ - 9 4 - - - - 9 4 4 46 20 26 1 ' ' ' ' _ _ 53 1 52 18 Switchboard operators Manufacturing ------Nonmanufacturing Public utilities2 Retail trade ------ See footnotes at end of table, _ _ 9 - - _ _ _ . - 13 2 2 - - 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 3 - 1 1 - - - _ _ _ - 3 2 . - X- - - . - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - _ _ - . _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - 7 Table A-l. O ffice Occupatbns-Continued (A verage straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division> Seattle. W ash. » August I960) AVBBAQB S Number of Sex, occupation, and industry division W e e k ly , W eek ly , (Standard) (Standard) workers 4 0 .0 0 and under 4 5 .0 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 50. 00 N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV I N G S T R A I G H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S OF— % $ $ 55. 00 60. 00 6 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 S 6 5 .0 0 % $ S 7 5 .0 0 80. 00 8 5 .0 0 70. 00 70. 00 75. 00 8 0 .0 0 $ 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 S S 9 0 .0 0 t • S s W ome n— C ontinue d 30 40. 0 $ 8 6 .5 0 - - - - - 4 3 86 57 39. 5 39. 5 85. 50 82. 56 _ 2 _ _ 2 - - 61 68 39. 5 39. 0 70. 00 6 9 .0 0 _ - 6 6 Tabulating-m achine op erators, class C Nonmanufacturing .. _ ----- _ - 9 9 15 ~ IS 9 9 Transcribing-m achinft operators . general Nonmanufacturing __ _ __ _ 117 101 39. 0 69. 0 70. 50 70. 50 " - - 2 2 34 29 53 r§ T y p ists, class A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Public utilities 2 ____ 591 296 295 50 40. 0 40. 0 3 9 .5 40. 0 7 4 .0 0 ’ "79. 50 69. 00 75. 00 _ - _ - 85 T y p ists, c la ss B Manufacturing _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Nonmanufacturing _ __ __ __ __ __ __ Public u tilitie s2 _ __ _ Rp.tail trad** . . . . . . . 904 273 631 62 128 39. 5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 40. 0 4 0 .0 6 2 .0 0 6 9 . bo 59. 50 63. 50 68. 50 2 2 Tabulating-m achine op era to rs, c la ss A Tabulating-m achine o p erators, c la ss B Nonmanufacturing _ „ __ . . . _________ - 3 60 - - 1 26 2 84 70 4 66 5 11 130 194 25 169 157 107 - 7 60 - 123 - ~ " 3 2 26 3 31 R 8 126 34 5 22 93 18 45 7 2 _ _ 7 3 1 3 19 14 4 30 29 14 1 6 1 2 1 2 10 8 1 8 7 6 2 id _ - _ - _ - _ - 28 28 5 5 7 6 ------3 6 237 106 17 10 7 184 55 ----- 5 26 4 " “ IT _ - 1 53 8 9 9 1 1 23 7 3 4 J— 28 ------ 27 8 223 181 42 1 41 3 12 11 11 - 1 1 f $ 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 and 95. 00 1 0 0 .0 0 105. 00 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 over ------j— 6 — r~ 1 _ _ _ _ - _ - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - _ _ - ! 1 _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ - 1 ------j— _ - . ! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ■ ■ - - - 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular straight-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. 2 Transportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities. Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations (A verage straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Seattle, W ash. , August I960) AVBBAQB Number cf workers Sex, occupation, and industry division N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV I N G S T R A I G H T -T IM E W E E K L Y R A R N IN G 8 OF— $ Weekly hours 1 (Standard) W eekly , earnings (Standard) 70. 00 and under 75. 00 $ 7 5 .0 0 S 80. 00 85. 00 9 0 .0 0 *95. 00 1 0 0 .0 0 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 105. 00 n o . oo f l 5 . 00 ? 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 A s . 00 1*50. 00 and 1 0 5 .0 0 n o . oo 1 1 5 .0 0 120. 00 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 145. 00 1 5 0 .0 0 over Men D raftsm en , leader Manufacturing D raftsm en , senior Manufacturing __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ D raftsm en , junior __ _ Manufacturing . _ __ _ __ 4 0 . 0 $ 1 2 9 .0 0 "¥07C~~ 1 2 8 .5 0 - - - - - - - - - - 4 0 .0 " O ' 1 1 0 .5 0 m . oo " - - - 40. 0 fO ~ 9 3 .0 0 240 _ _ — _ _ _ _ _ — 239 ' 854 T P T ~ 264 _ — 2T3 ” 55755 — 4 24 — zr~ - - 53 in 84 — 8¥ “ ' 68 — 58 - - - - " - - - 140 ” ■155“ 8 36 — 35“ ------- 5 “ 105 104 9 ------- 7“ 153 151 25“ 41 43 29 7T“ -------¥ 1 -------¥ 3 ------- 2 8 56 40 ----- 1 7 1 60 8 “ 40 2 71 29 — — 13 --------1 7 “ 10 10 4 - 4 - 12 6 14 - 14 - 14 " _ _ _ _ - 2 ------- 2 - " - - 3 ------- 1 - 1 1 1 i - - - 149 140 2 1 _ 1 1 62 — 57 ' 4 9 " Women N u r se s, industrial (registered) Manufacturing _ 77 ------- 5 5 “ 4 0 .0 ”4'o. <r 9 7 .0 0 _ 99V 0 5 “ 8 1 i ■ 9 ------- 8“ 3 --------2 _ _ 46 4 — ¥5“ ------- 4 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular straight-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. NOTE: See note on p. 5 , relative to the inclusion of railroad s. “ - - - ' ' ' 8 Table A-3. M aintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A verage straight-tim e hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Seattle, Wash. , August I960) NUMBER OP WORKEBS RECEIVING- STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation and industry division Number of workers Avenge hourly . earnings Under $ 2. 00 $ 2. 00 and under 2. 10 $ $ $ 2. 30 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2. 50 2. 60 $ S $ $ $ $ 3. 10 S 3 .2 0 $ 3. 30 $ 3 .4 0 3. 20 3. 30 3 .4 0 3. 50 2. 10 2. 20 2. 20 2. 30 2 .4 0 2. 50 " ~ - 3 3 3 22 20 2 2 9 5 4 4 1 1 1 61 : 58 3 3 21 id 3 - 31 3 28 21 15 li 4 - - 2 .6 0 2. 70 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2. 80 2 .9 0 2 .9 0 3. 00 3. 00 3. 10 C arpenters, m ain te n an ce------------------------------------M an ufactu ring---------------------------------------------------Nonm anufacturing______________________________ Public u tilit ie s 2 ------------------------------------------- 166 115 51 34 E ngin eers, stationary _________________________ _— M an ufactu ring---------------------------------------------------Nonm anufacturing--------------------------------------------- 255 Z05~ 50 2. 84 2. 86 2 .7 9 _ _ - _ - _ - 3 3 29 28 1 10 10 - 14 3 11 92 79 13 15 3 12 18 17 1 16 8 8 44 44 - 8 8 " _ - F irem en , stationary boiler --------------------------------M an ufactu ring---------------------------------------------------- 105 90 2 .4 8 2 .4 8 _ - 6 3 11 11 32 20 16 16 4 4 _ 4 4 3 3 _ - 26 26 - " 3 3 H elpers, trades, maintenance __________________ M an ufactu ring---------------------------------------------------- 247 2 .3 0 2. 29 22 22 _ 16 16 93 93 97 85 7 4 4 4 5 3 3 _ _ . i r r ~ “ M achinists, m aintenance_________________________ M an ufactu ring__________________________________ Nonm anufacturing--------------------------------------------Public u tilitie s2 ____________________________ 216 188 28 27 2. 91 2 .9 3 2. 74 2 .7 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ “ “ " _ “ - 25 13 12 12 4 4 “ 17 17 - M echanics, automotive (maintenance) _________ Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------Nonm anufacturing--------------------------------------------Public u tilitie s2 ____________________________ 510 145 365 279 2. 82 2 .7 3 2. 86 2. 87 . - _ _ _ _ - - - - 4 1 3 3 37 35 2 1 9 3 6 6 125 84 41 9 203 17 186 177 103 62 28 5 23 20 M echanics, m ain tenan ce_________________________ M an ufactu ring---------------------------------------------------- 419 408 2 .9 3 2 .9 3 _ _ - _ _ - - - - 21 21 30 24 9 5 75 74 143 143 120 TZ5 21 21 " M illwrights -----------------------------------------------------------M an ufactu ring---------------------------------------------------- 121 121 2. 81 2. 81 _ _ _ - - - - 11 11 _ - 17 17 _ - 18 18 - - O ilers ___________________ ___________________________ M an ufactu ring__________________________________ 128 128 2. 37 2. 37 _ _ 4 4 _ _ _ . _ - 39 ~ 39----- 69 - 8 8 P ainters, m ain ten an ce____________________________ M an ufactu ring__________________________________ Nonm anufacturing______________________________ 106 --------^9 37 2. 88 2. 83 2. 98 - . - _ - _ - . - 6 6 3 2 P atternm akers, w o o d _____________________________ M an ufactu ring__________________________________ 16 _ _ _ _ _ - 16 3 .3 9 3 .3 9 - - ' - - Sheet-m etal w ork ers, maintenance _____________ 51 2 .9 7 _ - - - Tool and die m akers -------------------------- ----------------M an ufactu ring---------------------------------------------------- 258 258 3. 12 3. 12 . . . . $ 2 .7 9 1 . 77 2. 85 2. 77 - 1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public u tilities. 3 A ll w orkers w ere at $ 3. 80 to $ 3. 90. NOTE: See note on p. 5 , relative to the inclusion of railroad s. - 16 ------- §---8 8 _ _ 20 ----- ZZ5— ------ — 8 8 5 3 r ~ ------3------ 45 -----?5----_ - . . _ " " “ 52 59 ------ — 53— 6 5 ~ — J2 103 - 38 38 ~ . ■ 1 - 1 1 1 1 _ _ 2 2 $ $ 3. 50 3. 60 3 .6 0 and over - - - - - . - _ - _ _ _ _ - - * _ _ ' ‘ - - 2 2 2 3 3 - - - “ " . - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ - 2 2 _ _ _ _ - 6 5 1 - _ - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 37 35 2 5 5 - 14 2 12 32 19 13 8 8 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - - - - _ _ . - - - - - - - 8 8 _ - 8 8 _ - - - . 6 35 - - - 1 - - _ _ 39 . _ . _ _ _ 113 113 _ 65 65 4 4 60 60 12 12 4 4 1 - 9 Table A-4. Custodial and M aterial Movement Occupations (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Seattle, W ash., August I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation1 and industry division Number of workers Average $ hourly 1 .4 0 earnings2 and unde r 1 .5 0 $ 1. 50 $ 1 .6 0 1 .6 0 ■ 1. 70 $ $ $ 1 .9 0 S 2. 00 1. 80 ■ 1 .9 0 2. 00 2. 10 - 1. 70 - 1 .8 0 Elevator operators, passenger (women) ----------N onm anufacturing-------------------------------------------Retail trade --------------------------------------------------- 188 188 57 $ 1 .6 8 1. 68 1 .6 2 1 1 1 40 40 - 55 55 55 90 90 1 1 1 - Guards ----------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ______________________________ 360 321 39 2. 34 2. 37 2. 07 _ - 1 1 8 8 6 6 _ “ 2 2 1 1 11 11 $ 2. 10 ~ 2. 20 - $ 2. 20 “ 2. 30 $ 2. 30 $ 2. 40 ~ 2 .4 0 2. 50 % 2. 50 2. 60 $ 2. 60 2. 70 $ 2. 70 S 2. 80 $ 2. 90 S 3. 00 2. 80 2. 90 ■ 3. 00 ■ 3. 10 $ 3. 10 and over - - - - - - - - “ - - - - - - - 10 4 6 23 23 “ 235 64 56 8 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - " - “ - - - - . - - 2 2 - - - _ 111 8 - 125 15 110 17 223 9 214 2 57 71 13 58 2 36 415 207 208 27 3 180 ~ l7 0 60 32 20 101 72 29 21 6 122 110 12 5 7 56 56 - 12 8 4 4 - 4 4 1 3 . - - - - - - - - “ - 2 1 1 8 8 8 39 39 20 406 405 3 7 5 5 105 35 - 27 - 2 2 - ~ " - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - “ - - - 2. 34 2. 26 2. 42 2 .4 9 2. 25 _ - 100 98 2 2 16 12 4 4 5 5 5 15 15 - 7 7 7 47 5 421 54 1 23 166 30 136 23 83 243 207 36 1 35 341 25 316 15 6 252 5 247 244 3 13 13 13 _ - 57 7 50 - 11 11 - 66 66 - 30 30 - - 3 3 3 - - 976 T89 787 57 2. 2. 2. 2. _ - _ - _ - 1 1 ' 347 347 5 72 64 8 ' 367 367 37 51 8 43 “ 112 100 12 12 _ ■ _ ~ „ - " 21 17 4 " _ - " 1 1 ■ _ - " 4 4 3 ■ “ P ackers, shipping (men) -------------------------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------------- 210 149 61 2. 26 2. 19 2. 41 - 22 22 - - - 37 37 5 5 15 2 13 9 5 4 118 75 43 3 3 - 1 1 - - - - - P ackers, shipping (women) _______________________ Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------------Retail trade _________________________________ 154 97 57 51 2. 07 2. 12 1 .9 9 1 .9 6 5 4 24 24 24 30 30 - 61 61 - _ - _ - _ - . - _ " _ - _ - ~ 18 6 12 12 - ~ 10 10 4 - - Receiving clerk s ----------------------------------------------------Manufacturing __________________________________ Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------------......... .. Retail trarlp . 456 330 126 58 2. 2. 2. 2. 2 2 2 273 272 1 1 34 9 25 7 39 11 28 23 47 17 30 21 25 4 21 13 7 6 13 7 6 . 42 Shipping clerk s -------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ______________________________ 126 57 69 “ 13 13 - 10 8 2 “ 41 14 27 30 4 26 23 11 12 - Shipping and receiving clerk s -----------------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------------- 107 69 38 - 16 16 18 12 6 - 52 49 3 1 1 Janitors, p orters, and clean ers (men) _________ Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ______________________________ Public u tilitie s3 _____________________________ Retail trade — -______________________________ 1, 311 612 699 94 149 1 .9 6 2. 08 1. 86 2. 06 1 .8 4 Janitors, p orters, and clean ers (w om en)______ Nonmanufacturing_______________________________ Retail trade —------------------ *---------------------------- 596 37 1 .8 0 1 .7 7 1 .6 7 L ab ore rs, m aterial h and lin g_____________________ Manufacturing __________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ______________________________ Public u tilitie s3 _____________________________ Retail trade -------------------------------------------------- 1 ,8 0 0 927 873 284 184 Order fille r s -----------------------------------------------------------M anufacturing----------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing______________________________ Retail tra d e _______________________ *--------------- See footnotes at end of table. 38 51 35 44 27 22 40 35 - . - _ - “ - _ - - 5 5 4 4 _ " 2 - 2 2 - 2 2 2. 50 2. 45 2. 53 - - 2. 44 2. 53 2 .2 9 _ _ _ 2 2 2 - - - - - - 2 2 2 - - 1 1 . . - - - 1 2 - - 1 1 2 2 - - " - 3 3 - - ■ - " 1 1 4 3 1 1 - 1 1 3 3 . - - 1 1 - 1 - 1 7 8 2 - 4 4 - - _ - 2 - - - _ - - - 10 Table A-4. Custodial and M aterial Movement Occupations-Continued (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division. Seattle. Wash. , August I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers Occupation 1 and industry division Average hourly 2 $1 .4 0 earnings and under 1. 50 * 1 . 50 1. 60 $ 1. 90 *2. 00 * 2 .1 0 *2. 20 *2. 30 $ 2 .4 0 *2. 50 * 2 . 60 * 2 .7 0 *2.80 *2. 90 1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2 .4 0 2. 50 2. 60 2 .7 0 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 - - 3 14 - - - " - - " 32 3 29 17 12 69 2 67 65 2 548 8 540 530 10 473 56 417 385 18 228 51 177 2 19 7 20 287 433 191 51 38 13 4 9 14 9 5 1 4 56 431 25 19 _ - - - - _ - 2 - _ - 20 10 _ “ 1 1 _ “ 21 21 . - 15 14 - - - ~ - - - 8 8 - 11 3 8 8 55 1 54 52 412 6 404 404 67 45 22 - 49 3l 18 2 53 28 - 2 2 2 - 27 421 6 *1. 60 * 1 .7 0 * 1 .8 0 1. 70 1 .8 0 - $ 3 .0 0 *3. 10 and over r ruckdriver s 5 __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ Manufacturing ___ N on m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________________ Public u tilitie s3 ___ __ _ _ R etail trade ________________________________ 2 ,2 1 6 496 1 ,7 2 0 1 ,0 0 4 284 $ 2 .7 1 2 .8 3 2. 68 2. 58 2. 84 - - T ru ck d riv ers, light (under lV 2 tons) ______ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _________________________ 59 46 2. 44 l . 36 _ _ - - - T ru ck d riv ers, medium ( I 1/* to and including 4 tons) _ __ __ Manufacturing _ N on m an u factu rin g_________________________ Public utilities 3 _ __ 686 144 542 468 2. 60 2 .7 3 2. 57 2. 53 - - - T ru ck d riv ers, heavy (over 4 tons, tra iler type) _ _ Manufacturing __ __ _ _ Nonmanufacturing _ _ Public u tilities 3 _ __ 667 77 590 178 2. 80 2. 90 2 .7 9 2. 60 - " - - - ■ - - " - - 136 136 126 49 49 49 89 19 70 " 312 12 300 " 43 32 11 2 9 4 5 1 29 416 19 - 244 51 193 2. 81 2755 2. 80 - - - - - - - - - " 1 1 ~ - 1 1 ~ 89 1 88 152 47 105 1 1 " - - 744 619 225 2 .4 6 2 .4 6 2. 61 _ - _ - . - _ - . - - - - 108 56 52 199 36 163 - " 39 37 2 6 6 - 254 247 7 - - 2 2 " - - 44 4 " 171 167 2. 38 2. 35' - 30 36 - - - - - - “ - " ■ 84 2. 09 2. 08 - _ _ _ _ _ __ T ru ck d riv ers, heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra iler type) __ Manufacturing _ _ _ _ _ _ Nonmanufacturing _ T r u c k e r s, power (forklift) Manufacturing __ _ Nonmanufacturing __ __ _ T r u ck e r s, power (other than forklift) Manufacturing W atchmen Manufacturing 1 2 3 4 5 _ _ - - _ _ ___ _ ____ _ 69 8 - - - - " “ _ 1 3 . - ~ 17 8 - 2 -------- r ~ ~ 132 “ "1 1 1 "" 1 _ - - - - - - " 15 15 68 68 4 ” 54 54 6 ------5------ _ 6 ----- 5------ 3 3 53 53 - 11 1 1 Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated. Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. All workers were at $ 3. 10 to $ 3. 20. Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated. NOTE: See note on p. 5 . relative to the inclusion of railroads. - _ - ----- - _ 11 B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-l. Shift Differentials (Shift differentials of manufacturing plant workers by type and amount of differential! Seattle. Wash. , August I960) Percent of manufacturing plant workers— In establishments having formal provisions 1 for— Shift differential Second shift work Total ___ _ __ __ With shift pay differential Uniform cents (per hour) _ __ ... _ _ _ __ __ _ ..... _ Third or other shift work Actually working on— | | Second shift Third or other shift 9 6 .4 9 2 .3 2 0 .4 4 .0 9 6 .4 92. 3 2 0 .4 4. 0 75. 1 2 4 .4 18. 8 1 .8 . 1 . 1 .9 . 2 - Under 5 cents ... 5 cents _ „ ___ _ _ ____ ___ 6 cents ____________________________________ __ ______ _ ____ 7 cents ____ 7 V2 cents _______ _ _______ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 8 cents . 9 cents ___ _ ___ __ _ _________ 10 cents _____ _ __ _______ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 c e n t s __ _____________ ._________________________ __ 12 cents _______ __________ _____ Over 12 cents _ __ 3 .6 5. 1 3 .4 1. 8 4 .4 7. 0 .8 45 . 8 3. 1 2 .4 1. 0 3 .8 1. 9 1. 3 .9 4 .9 1. 8 3. 5 3. 1 .6 . 5 .8 . 5 1. 1 1. 1 .3 13. 0 .9 F u ll day's pay for reduced hours ____ ______ _ F u ll day's pay for reduced hours plus cents d iffe r e n tia l____________________________________ F u ll day's pay for reduced hours plus percentage differential __ ____ ___ __ 1. 3 2 .4 . 2 . 1 10. 0 5 5 .0 1. 2 2. 0 9 .0 9. 0 . 3 ■ 1 .0 2. 3 - - Other form al pay differential ___ _ ------ No shift pay differential _ _ ___ _ _____ ___ ------ .3 . 2 ___ 1 Includes establishments currently operating late shifts, though they were not currently operating late shifts. and establishments with formal provisions covering late shifts even 12 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women O ffice Workers (Distribution of establishm ents studied in all industries and in industry divisions by minim um entrance salary for selected categories of inexperienced women office w ork ers. Seattle. W ash. , August I960) Inexperienced typists Manufacturing A ll industries Minimum weekly salary 1 Other inexperienced c le r ic a l w o r k e r s2 Nonmanufacturing Manufacturing A ll industries Based on standard weekly hours 3 of— A ll schedules A ll schedules 40 37VZ N onmanufactu r in g Based on standard weekly hours 3 o fA ll schedules 40 A ll schedules 37 V2 40 _____________________________________ 145 51 XXX 94 XXX XXX 145 51 XXX 94 XXX XXX Establishm ents having a specified m inimum __ _________ $ 4 2 . 50 and under $ 4 5 .0 0 _______________ _ _____ ____ _ $ 4 5 . 00 and under $ 4 7 . 50 __________________________________ $ 47 . 50 and under $ 50. 00 _____________________ _______ __ $ 50. 00 and under $ 52. 50 _______ __________ __________ $ 52. 50 and under $ 55. 00 ________________________ __ _ _ $ 55. 00 and under $ 57. 50 ________________________ ___ __ $ 57. 50 and under $ 60. 00 _ ____________ __ ________ ___ $ 60. 00 and under $ 62. 50 __________________________________ $ 62. 50 and under $ 65. 00 _ — ------------------ ------ _ -----$ 65. 00 and under $ 67. 50 ______________________ __________ $ 67. 50 and under $ 7 0 .0 0 __________________________________ $ 70. 00 and under $ 72. 50 ___________________ ____ _______ $ 7 2. 50 and under $ 75. 00 __________________________________ $ 7 5 . 00 and unde r $ 7 7 .5 0 __________________________ ____ $ 77. 50 and under $ 80. 00 __________________________________ Over $ 80. 00 ___ __ __ ______ _______ __ __ ___ E stablishm ents having no specified m inimum ______________ Establishm ents which did not em ploy w orkers in this category __________________ __ _ ____ ___ _ — Data not available ___ _ — — -----— — - — 60 1 6 3 13 10 4 4 1 4 2 4 2 2 3 1 20 20 1 5 5 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 7 19 1 4 5 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 - 6 1 3 1 1 - 67 4 7 3 13 8 6 6 6 4 3 3 1 3 20 1 5 3 4 2 1 1 1 2 20 1 5 3 4 2 1 1 1 2 - - 22 8 XXX 6 1 3 1 1 - XXX 47 4 6 3 8 5 2 4 5 3 3 2 1 1 14 40 2 3 3 8 4 2 4 4 3 3 2 1 1 XXX 33 1 4 2 5 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 XXX 40 1 6 2 8 5 3 3 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 13 XXX XXX 64 1 24 " XXX XXX 40 1 XXX XXX XXX XXX 55 1 23 ■ XXX XXX 32 1 XXX XXX XXX XXX E stablishm ents studied 40 1 Low est salary rate form ally established for hiring inexperienced w orkers for typing or other c leric a l job s. 2 Rates applicable to m e sse n g e r s, office g ir ls , or sim ilar su bclerical jobs are not considered. 3 Hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular straight-tim e s a la r ie s. Data are presented for all workweeks combined, and for the m ost common workweeks reported. NO TE: See note below, relative to the inclusion of railroad s. Table B-3. Scheduled W eekly Hours (P ercent distribution of office and plant w orkers in a ll industries and in industry divisions by scheduled w eekly hours of fir s t-s h ift w o r k e r s, Seattle, W a s h ., August I960) OFFICE WORKERS W eekly hours A ll w orkers _ . 35 hours 37 V 2 hours __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 383/4 hours .... _____ _ _ . 40 hours __________________________________________ 42 hours ____ _ __ _ ___ _ 1 2 3 4 PLAN T WORKERS All • | industries Manufacturing Public, utilities 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - _ - 2 4 _ 1 (4 ) 99 2 - _ _ _ 100 - 97 1 96 <4 ) 9 1 90 • “ - 98 Retail trade Finance All 3 industries Manufacturing _ Includes data for wholesale trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and servic es in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public u tilities. Includes data for wholesale trade, real estate, and serv ic es in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. L e ss than 0. 5 percent. NOTE: E stim ates for all industries and public utilities include data for railroads (SIC 4 0 ), omitted from the scope of all labor m arket wage surveys made before July 1959, and also omitted from the Seattle survey of August 1959. W here significant, the effect of the inclusion of railroads is greatest on the data shown separately''for the public utilities division. Public 2 utilities c _ _ 100 - Retail trade 100 _ _ _ 100 13 Table B4. Paid Holidays (P ercent distribution of office and plant w orkers in all industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidays provided annually. Seattle. W ash. . August I960) OFFICE WORKERS Item A ll w orkers _ _ __ All , industries _ _ ___ ____ W ork ers in establishm ents providing paid h o lid a y s ___________________________________ W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid h o lid a y s ________________________________ Manufacturing Public , utilities c PLANT WORKERS Retail trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 All 3 industries Finance | Manufacturing Public2 utilities Retail trade 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 98 ' " 2 (4 ) ■ N u m b er o f d a y s 3 holidays _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 holidays __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ 6 holidays _________________________________________ 6 holidays plus 1 half d a y _______________________ 7 holidays __ _ _ __ _ 7 holidays plus 1 half day _ _ _ 8 holidays . . . 8 holidays plus 1 half day __ _ _ 8 holidays plus 2 half d a y s ______________________ 9 holidays __ _ _ _ __ 9 holidays plus 2 half days __ __ 10 holidays __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 (4 ) 45 1 47 (4 ) 1 (4 ) 3 2 _ 1 (4 ) 12 86 (4 ) (4 ) - _ 1 93 6 - _ n 99 (4 ) - _ - _ _ - - - 33 34 85 86 94 94 99 - 6 (4 ) 8 (4 ) 51 1 33 - _ (4 ) 12 1 34 - 53 - _ 2 85 14 - 17 81 - Total h o lid a y t im e 5 10 days _____ __ __ __ _ __ __ 9 or m ore days ______ _______ _ __ 8 x/2 or m ore days ____ ____ _ _ 8 or m ore days ___________________________________ 7 l / z or m ore days ______ ______ __ __ _ 7 or m ore days _ — __ ___ _ __ 6 V2 or m ore days _______________________________ 6 or m ore d a y s __ ___________________ 4 or m ore days _ ________ ___________ _____ 3 or m ore days _ _ ____ __ ___ ___ _ __ 4 5 6 53 54 99 99 100 100 100 _ (4 ) (4 ) 86 86 98 99 100 100 100 6 6 99 99 100 100 100 0 (4 ) 99 99 100 100 100 _ 53 53 87 88 99 100 100 _ - 14 14 98 98 100 100 100 _ 81 81 81 81 98 1 Includes data for wholesale trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and serv ic es in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities. 3 Includes data for wholesale trade, real estate, and servic es in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 4 L e ss than 0. 5 percent. 5 A ll combinations of full and half days that add to the sam e amount are combined; for exam ple, the proportion of w orkers receiving a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days and no half d a y s, 6 full days and 2 half d a y s, 5 full days and 4 half d a y s, and so on. Proportions w ere then cumulated. NO TE: See note on p. 12, relative to the inclusion of railroad s. 14 Table B-5. Paid Vacations (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Seattle, W ash., August I960) OFFICE WORKERS Vacation policy A ll w orkers _ ___ __ _____ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ All ! industries ____ Manufacturing Public2 utilities PLANT WORKERS Retail trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 100 - ~ " " " 1 36 ( 5) 1 10 - _ 52 12 13 - _ 15 85 - _ 6 94 - _ 29 71 - All 3 industries Finance Manufacturing Publicutilities2 Retail trade 100 100 100 100 99 96 4 - 100 94 6 - 100 99 1 - 98 98 - " ■ 2 11 9 26 14 3 44 . 51 2 11 9 - - 81 19 - ( 5) 57 2 13 26 1 ( 5) 47 3 3 43 2 41 59 ~ 89 9 • 2 98 ( 5) 6 17 77 " 100 " <»> 27 5 39 27 1 ( 5) 35 7 10 46 2 25 8 66 " 6 92 - 3 1 94 2 100 ■ (*) 10 6 55 27 1 ( 5) 15 9 29 46 2 7 3 90 ( 5) 98 ■ ( 5) 68 27 ( 5) 50 46 4 4 99 ( 5) 97 1 I M e t h o d off p a y m e n t W ork ers in establishm ents providing paid vacations _ ___ __ L e n gth -of-tim e payment _____________________ P ercentage p a y m e n t___ _ __ _ ____ _ F la t-su m payment ___________________________ Other _____ _ _ ____ _ _ ___ _ __ W ork ers in establishm ents providing no paid vacations _______________________________ 1 A m ou n t o f v o c a tio n p a y 4 A fter 6 months of service Under 1 week ___ ____ _ ___ _ _ __ ____ 1 week _ ____ _____ __ ____ ____ Over 1 and under 2 weeks _ __ __ ____ 1 1 1 A fter 1 year of service Under 1 week _ __ __ _ — 1 week ___________ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ ---- -----Over 1 and under 2 weeks __ ________ 2 weeks __ _______ _________ _ _ _ __ __ _ Over 2 and under 3 weeks _______________________ 3 weeks _______ _ ____ __ — ----_ _ A fter 2 years of service Under 1 week ___ ___ _ _____ _ — --------1 week _ ________________ ___ ___ _ ___ — Over 1 and under 2 weeks ____ __ _ 2 weeks _ _______ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s _______________________ 3 weeks ___ __ _____ __ __ _ _ _ 3 2 95 ( 5) A fter 3 years of service Under 1 week ___ _ __ _ _ _ 1 week ........... ....... .... . „ ..... Over 1 and under 2 weeks ___ _ ________ 2 weeks __ __ ______ __ _ _ — __ Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s _______________________ 3 weeks __ __ _ __ _ ____ __ __ — _ . (*) ( 5) 98 1 ( 5) 98 2 _ 96 2 _ 96 ( 5) 1 0 1 1 1 A fter 5 years of service 1 week _ ____ _ _ __ — _ — — 2 weeks __ ___ __ ____ _ __ _____ — _ Over 2 and under 3 weeks _ — _ 3 weeks ___ ___ __ __ ----- ------------- See footnotes at end of table, 3 4 _ 95 5 99 ( 5) 15 Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued (P ercent distribution o£ office and plant w orkers in a ll industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay p ro v isio n s, Seattle, W ash. , August I960) PLAN T WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS Vacation policy All . industries Manufacturing Public, utilities2 Retail trade Finance All . industries Manufacturing Public , utilities Retail trade Amount of vocation p a y 4 — Continued A fter 10 years of service 1 week __ _ __ __ 2 weeks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Over 2 and under 3 weeks __ _ 3 weeks __ __ ___ _ __ _ ___ Over 3 and under 4 weeks _____ _ _ _ — _ — _____ ___ _ __ -------- _____ _ __ _ _ - 77 ( 5) 23 - - 87 - 13 - - 80 2 18 - 37 - 63 ~ ( 5) 38 29 31 1 ( 5) 28 47 23 2 ( 5) 8 26 62 1 2 ( 5) 4 43 50 2 ( 5) (5) 8 26 59 ( 5) 6 ( 5) 4 43 49 ( 5) 4 ( 5) 8 26 48 1 16 ( 5) 4 43 41 2 10 _ _ 66 7 27 - 43 _ 55 A fter 15 years of service 1 week _ _ _ __ 2 weeks __ ___ O ver 2 and under 3 weeks 3 weeks __ __ _ — Over 3 and under 4 weeks 4 weeks _ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ ____ -----_ _ _ _ _ — __ _ __ _ _ - ____________________________ -------- __ _ __ — - - - - 48 82 11 11 - - - - 50 2 1 17 80 89 - - - ( 5) 8 - _ _ 7 15 - - 86 83 - - 7 - A fter 20 years of service 1 week _ _ _ _ _ _ __ — __ ------ -------- - — 2 weeks _______ ___ _ __ __ __ _____ _____ Over 2 and under 3 weeks _ ____ — __ 3 weeks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ — Over 3 and under 4 weeks ____________________________ __ __ ---------------- -------- — 4 weeks _________ __ - - - - 48 82 11 11 - - - - 44 16 77 86 - - - - 9 2 11 3 - - 7 15 - - 82 79 - - 11 4 A fter 25 years of service 1 week ________________________________________________________ 2 weeks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -------Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ____________________________ 3 weeks ____ ________ _____ — — — ---------Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ----- -----__ _ -----4 weeks ___________________________________________ Over 4 weeks ___ __ ---------- ---------- 1 2 3 4 service 5 - - - - 48 82 11 11 - - - - 27 1 23 2 13 1 39 4 50 43 47 - - - 7 15 - - 52 61 - - 41 22 Includes data for wholesale trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and servic es in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public u tilities. Includes data for w holesale trade, real estate, and serv ic es in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Periods of service w ere arb itrarily chosen and do not n ec essa rily reflect the individual provisions for p rogression s. For exam ple, the changes in proportions include changes in provisions occurring between 5 and 10 y e a rs. L e ss than 0. 5 percent. indicated at NOTE: See note on p. 1 2 , relative to the inclusion of railroad s. In the tabulations of vacation allowances by years of s e r v ic e , payments other than "length of t i m e , " such as of annual earnings or fla t-su m paym ents, w ere converted to an equivalent time b a sis; for exam ple, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as 1 w eek's pay. 10 y e a r s ' percentage 16 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (Percent of office and plant w orkers in a ll industries and in industry divisions em ployed in establishm ents providing health, insurance, or pension b en efits, Seattle, W a s h ., August I960) OFFICE WORKERS Type of benefit A ll w orkers _ . _ . _ i PLAN T WORKERS Manufacturing Public * utilities Retail trade 100 100 100 100 95 98 80 97 82 93 71 62 91 95 86 92 24 11 27 59 69 87 28 8 8 1 44 34 51 51 46 27 82 (5) 19 19 19 4 93 ( 5) 56 56 47 72 63 99 99 64 40 76 ( 5) All industries Finance An 3 industries 100 Manufacturing Public, utilities Retail trade 100 100 100 95 95 82 100 84 85 70 87 92 93 88 94 86 93 44 86 29 43 31 - 8 2 38 14 95 95 90 14 68 1 98 98 96 4 73 1 62 62 46 70 82 100 100 91 14 54 W ork ers in establishm ents providing: Life insurance „ _ __ __ __ _ __ __ A ccidental death and dism em berm ent insurance ____________________________________ Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both4 - ________________________ Sickness and accident insurance Sick leave (full pay and no waiting period) _ _ __ _ Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period) _ _____ _ _______ _ Hospitalization insurance __ _ Surgical insurance __ _ __ __ _ _ M edical insurance __ __ _ __ Catastrophe insurance ____ ___________ Retirem ent pension „ __ _____ _ ----No health, insurance, or pension p l a n ____ ! i ; ! 1 Includes data for w holesale trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities. 3 Includes data for wholesale trade, real estate, and servic es in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 4 Unduplicated total of w orkers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. S ick -leave plans are lim ited to those which definitely establish at least the m inim um number of days 1 pay that can be expected by each em ployee. Inform al sic k -lea v e allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. 5 L e ss than 0. 5 percent. NOTE: See note on p. 12, relative to the inclusion of railroad s. 17 A ppendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in classifyin g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. O F F IC E BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerica l work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are cla ssified by type of machine, as follow s: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remingtqn Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. Biller , machine (billing machine) — Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine) — Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstraiid, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare custom ers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types o f sales and credit slips. Class A — Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge o f and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B — Keeps a record o f one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keepingPhases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type o f billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or a ssist in preparation o f trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more section s o f a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase o f an establish ment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 18 CLERK, ACCOUNTING— Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper a c counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocation s. May a ssist in preparing, ad justing and closin g journal entries; may direct cla ss B accounting clerks. Class B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or a c counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple co st accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine account ing work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the n e ce s sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers9 earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and a ssist paymaster in making up and distribut ing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. CLERK, FILE Class A — In an established filing system containing a num ber of varied subject matter file s , cla ssifie s and indexes corres pondence or other material; may aliso file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or may super vise others in filing and locating material in the file s . May per form incidental clerical duties. Class B — Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been cla ssified or which is easily identifiable, or locates or a ssists in locating material in file s. May perform incidental clerica l duties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives customers9orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check ship ping invoices with original orders. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi b ilities, reproduces multiple cop ies o f typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used sten cils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a sp ecified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written in formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de vice attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, op erating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerica l work. 19 SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerica l duties for a superior in an ad ministrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into office ; answering and making phone ca lls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in or der, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work (see transcribing-machine operator). STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scien tific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or o ffice ca lls . May record toll calls and take m essages. May give information to per sons who call in, or occasion ally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single p o si tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may a lso type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part o f this worker's time while at switchboard. TABIJLATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Class A — Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical a c counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without clo se supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations andday-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. Class B — Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical a c counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter,,reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under sp e cific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May a lso include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. Class C— Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with sp e cific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs, or re petitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May a lso type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is cla ssified as a stenographer, general. 20 TYPIST TYPIST— Continued Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in clude typing of sten cils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicat ing processes. May do clerical work involving little specia l training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. /4——Performs on e or more o f the fo llo w in g : Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, puncC la s s tuation, e tc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circum stances. C la s s B — Performs on e or more o f the fo llo w in g : Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance p o licie s, e tc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tables already set up and spaced properly. P R O F E SSIO N A L AND T E C H N IC A L DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a com bination o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problems. May a ssist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad ministrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying com pleted work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specification s; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specification s. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a com bina tion o f the fo llo w in g : Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees* injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations o f applicants and em ployees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR TRACER Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur p oses. Duties involve a com bin ation o f the fo llo w in g : Preparing work ing plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-section s, e tc ., to sca le by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, com pass, and other drafting to o ls. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. 21 M A IN T E N A N C E A N D P O W E R P L A N T CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter's handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials n ec essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing sp ecific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; a ssistin g worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specification s; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification . ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in whicn employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May a lso supervise these operations. H ea d or c h i e f en g in eers in e s ta b lish m e n ts em p loyin g more than on e en g in eer are e x c lu d e d . FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting written instructions and specification s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist's handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to clo se toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, ancf equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into me chanical equipment. In general, the machinist's work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 22 MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an e s tablishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE PATTERNMAKER, WOOD Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechan ica l equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d is mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. Builds wooden patterns, core boxes, or match plates. Work in volves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from blue prints, drawings, or models; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; using a variety of patternmaker's handtools such as saws, planes, ch ise ls, gauges, and mallets; operating various wood working machines such as band saws, circular saws, borers, routers, lathes, planers, drill presses, sanders, and shapers; checking work with calipers, rules, protractors, squares, straight-edges, and other measuring instruments; assembling patterns and sections of patterns by gluing, nail ing, screwing, and doweling; working to required tolerances and allowances; selecting the materials for the construction of a particular pattern. May also make sweeps (templates) for making molds by the sweep-moiding method. In general, the work of the patternmaker requires a rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes ,in the plant layout are required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specification s; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill wright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specification s; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow , and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specification s. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating system s are excluded . 23 TOOL AND DIE MAKER PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specification s; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Die maker; jig maker; tool m ak er; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specification s; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to clo s e tolerances; fitting and assembling o f parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tion . C U S T O D IA L AND M A T E R IA L M O V EM EN T ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures;polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f employees and other persons entering. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the follow ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or 24 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting d evices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded . ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers* orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified as follow s: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded . PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the sp ecific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closin g and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded . SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, in voices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de partments; maintaining necessary records and file s. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are cla ssified by size and type o f equipment, as follow s: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis o f trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination o f sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under lV2 tons) Truckdriver, medium ( l lA to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified by type of truck, as follow s: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. * U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1960 0 —575574 Occupational Wage Surveys Occupational wage surveys will be conducted in the 82 major labor markets listed below during late I960 and early 1961. Bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington 25, D.C., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover. A summary bulletin containing data for 80 labor markets, combined with additional analysis, will be issued early in 1962. P a .-N .J .— Bull. 1285Atlanta, Ga.— Bull. 1285Baltimore, Md.— Bull. 1285Beaumont—Port Arthur, T ex .— Bull. 1285Birmingham, Ala.— Bull. 1285. *Green Bay, Wis.— Bull. 1285-2 Greenville, S.C.— Bull. 1285Houston, T ex.— Bull. 1285Indianapolis, Ind.— Bull. 1285Jackson, M iss.— Bull. 1285Jacksonville, F la .— Bull. 1285Kansas City, Mo.—Kans.— Bull. 1285Lawrence—Haverhill, Mass.—N.H.— Bull. 1285Little Rock—North Little Rock, Ark.— Bull. 1285-6 Pittsburgh, P a.— Bull. 1285Portland, Maine— Bull. 1285* Portland, Oreg.—Wash.— Bull. 1285Providence—Pawtucket, R .I.—Mass.— Bull. 1285Raleigh, N.C.— Bull. 1285-5 Richmond, Va.— Bull. 1285Rockford, 111.— Bull. 1285St. Louis, Mo.—111.— Bull. 1285Salt Lake City, Utah— Bull. 1285- B oise, Idaho— Bull. 1285Boston, M a ss.— Bull. 1285Buffalo, N .Y .— Bull. 1285Burlington, V t .— Bull. 1285Canton, Ohio— Bull. 1285Charleston, W. V a .— Bull. 1285Charlotte, N .C .— Bull. 1285Chattanooga, Ten n .—G a .— Bull. 1285Chicago, 111.— Bull. 1285- Los Angeles—Long Beach, C alif.— Bull. 1285Louisville, Ky.—Ind.— Bull. 1285Lubbock, T ex.— Bull. 1285* Manchester, N.H.— Bull. 1285-1 Memphis, Tenn.— Bull. 1285Miami, F la.— Bull. 1285Milwaukee, Wis.— Bull. 1285Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn.— Bull. 1285Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich.— Bull. 1285- San Antonio, T ex.— Bull. 1285San Bernardino—Riverside—Ontario, C alif.— Bull. 1285-4 San Francisco—Oakland, C a lif.— Bull. 1285Savannah, Ga.— Bull. 1285Scranton, Pa.— Bull. 1285-8 Seattle, Wash.— Bull. 1285-7 Sioux Falls, S. Dak.— Bull. 1285South Bend, Ind.— Bull. 1285- Akron, Ohio— Bu ll. 1285Albany—Schenectady—Troy, N .Y .— Bull. 1285Albuquerque, N. M ex.— Bull. 1285Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, Cincinnati, Ohio—K y .-— Bull. 1285Cleveland, Ohio— Bull. 1285Columbus, Ohio— Bull. 1285D a lla s, T e x .— Bull. 1285Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111.— Bull. 1285Dayton, Ohio— Bull. 1285Denver, C o lo .— Bull. 1285* Des Moines, Iowa— Bull. 1285Detroit, Mich.— Bull. 1285Fort Worth, T e x .— Bull. 1285- Newark and Jersey City, N.J.— Bull. 1285New Haven, Conn.— Bull. 1285New Orleans, L a.— Bull. 1285New York, N .Y.— Bull. 1285Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News — Hampton, Va.— Bull. 1285Oklahoma City, Okla.— Bull. 1285-3 Omaha, Nebr.—Iowa— Bull. 1285Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N.J.— Bull. 1285Philadelphia, Pa.— Bull. 1285Phoenix, Ariz.— Bull. 1285- Spokane, Wash.— Bull. 1285Toledo, Ohio— Bull. 1285“ Trenton, N.J.— Bull. 1285Washington, D .C .-M d .-V a .— Bull. 1285Waterbury, Conn.— Bull. 1285Waterloo, Iowa— Bull. 1285Wichita, Kans.— Bull. 1285Wilmington, D el.—N.J.— Bull. 1285“ Worcester, Mass.— Bull. 1285York, Pa.— Bull. 128V An asterisk preceding a labor market indicates the availability and price of the bulletin. Please do not order copies in advance. Price, 20 cents.
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