The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
Occupational Wage Survey
SAVANNAH, GEORGIA
M AY 1965
Bulletin No. 1430-64
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary
BUREAU O F LABO R STA TISTIC S
Ewan C la gu e , Commissioner
Occupational Wage Survey
SAVANNAH, GEORGIA
MAY 1 9 6 5
B u lle tin No. 1 4 3 0 - 6 4
June 1965
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary
BUREAU O F LABOR STATISTICS
Ewan Clogue, Commissioner
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 20 cents
Preface
Contents
Page
At the end of each survey, an individual area bul
letin presents survey results for each area studied. After
completion of all of the individual area bulletins for a
round of surveys, a two-part summary bulletin is issued.
The first part brings data for each of the metropolitan
areas studied into one bulletin. The second part presents
information which has been projected from individual met
ropolitan area data to relate to economic regions and the
United States.
Eighty-two areas currently are included in the
program. Information on occupational earnings is collected
annually in each area. Information on establishment prac
tices and supplementary wage provisions is obtained bien
nially in most of the areas.
Introduction_________________________________________________________________
Wage trends for selected occupational groups____________________________
Tables:
1.
2.
A.
Establishments and workers within scope of survey and
number studied____________________________________________________
Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly
earnings for selected occupational groups, and percents of
change for selected periods_______________________________________
Occupational earnings:*
A - 1. Office occupations—men andwomen__________________________
A - 2. Professional and technical occupations—men and women__
A - 3. Office, professional, and technical occupations—
men and women combined_________________________________
A -4 . Maintenance and power plant occupations___________________
A -5 . Custodial and material movement occupations____________
Appendixes:
A. Changes in occupational descriptions______________________________
B. Occupational descriptions__________________________________________
This bulletin presents results of the survey in
Savannah, Ga. , in May 1965. It was prepared in the
Bureau's regional office in Atlanta, Ga. , by William L.
Dans by, under the direction of Donald M. Cruse, Assistant
Regional Director for Wages and Industrial Relations.
1
3
areas.
*NOTE: Similar tabulations are available for other
(See inside back cover.)
Union scales, indicative of prevailing pay levels in
the Savannah area, are also available for seven selected
building trades.
m
2
2
4
5
-si O ' <jl
The Bureau of Labor Statistics program of annual
occupational wage surveys in metropolitan areas is de
signed to provide data on occupational earnings, and estab
lishment practices and supplementary wage provisions. It
yields detailed data by selected industry divisions for each
of the areas studied, for economic regions, and for the
United States. A major consideration in the program is
the need for greater insight into (1) the movement of wages
by occupational category and skill level, and (2) the struc
ture and level of wages among areas and industry divisions.
9
11
2
Table 1.
Establishm ents and w orkers within scope of survey and number studied in Savannah, C a., 1
by m ajor industry division, 2 May 1965
Minimum
employment
in establish
ments in scope
of study
Industry division
A ll divisions
_
Manufacturing
N o n m a n n fa r t u r in g
Number of establishm ents
Within scope
of study3
____
_ _
_
_
__
...
_
____
...
Transportation, communication, and
o th e r p u b lic u t il it ie s 5
W h o le s a le t r a d e 6
. - - ---Retail trade 6 „
_
F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s t a t e 6
S e r v ic e s 67
_
-
Studied
Within scope
of study4
Studied
110
62
•20,500
16,9 6 0
42
68
26
36
12, 700
7 ,8 0 0
11, 380
5, 580
15
9
29
6
9
11
4
12
3
6
3, 300
500
2 ,6 0 0
600
800
3, 040
240
1, 310
410
580
50
_
....
50
50
50
50
50
......
_ __
W orkers in establishm ents
1 The Savannah Standard M etropolitan Statistical A rea con sists of Chatham County. The "w o rk ers within scope of study" estim ates shown in
this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and com position of the labor force included in the survey.
The estim ates are not
intended, however, to serve as a basis of com parison with other employment indexes for the area to m easure employment trends or levels since
(1) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishm ent data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) sm all
establishm ents are excluded from the scope of the survey.
2 The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial C lassification Manual was used in classifying establishm ents by industry division.
3 Includes all establishm ents with total employment at or above the minimum limitation. A ll outlets (within the area) of companies in such
industries as trade, finance, auto repair service , and motion picture theaters are considered as 1 establishm ent.
4 Includes all w orkers in all establishm ents with total employment (within the area) at or above the minim um limitation.
5 Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation w ere excluded. Savannah’ s transit system is municipally operated and is excluded
by definition from the scope of the study.
6 This industry division is represented in estim ates for "a l l indu stries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A tables. Separate presentation
of data for this division is not made for one or m ore of the following reasons: (1) Employment in the division is too sm all to provide enough data
to m erit separate study, (2) the sam ple was not designed initially to perm it separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to
perm it separate presentation, and (4) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishm ent data.
7 H otels; personal se rv ice s; business se rv ic e s; automobile repair shops; motion pictures; nonprofit m em bership organizations (excluding religious
and charitable organizations); and engineering and architectural serv ice s.
Table 2.
Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupational groups
in Savannah, G a., May 1965 and May 1964, and percents of change1 for selected periods
Indexes
(May 1961=100)
Occupational group
Office clerica l (men and women)
Industrial nurses (men and women)______
Skilled maintenance (men)_______
___
Unskilled plant (men) ____
M ay 1965
May 1964
114.7
(2)
114.2
113.4
110.1
(2)
110.4
110.0
Percents of changie 1
M ay 1964
to
May 1965
4.2
(2)
3.4
3.1
M ay 1963
to
M ay 1964
2.7
(2 )
3.0
3.2
June 1962
to
M ay 1963
2.3
(2)
1.4
1.3
May 1961
to
June 1962
4.7
(2)
5.8
5.3
A ll changes are increases unless otherwise indicated.
Data do not m eet publication criteria.
This decline largely reflects shifts in employment between high- and low-wage establishm ents rather than wage d ecreases.
June I960
to
May 1961
2.0
(2 )
2.8
(3 >-2.3
3
W age Trends for Selected Occupational Groups
Presented in table 2 are indexes and percentages of change
in average salaries of office clerical workers and industrial nurses,
and in average earnings of selected plant worker groups.
For office clerical workers and industrial nurses, the per
centages of change relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours
of work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-time
salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, they measure changes
in average straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for
overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The
percentages are based on data for selected key occupations and in
clude most of the numerically important jobs within each group.
The office clerical data are based on men and women in the following
19 jobs: Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B; clerks, accounting,
class A and B; clerks, file, class A, B, and C; clerks, order; clerks,
payroll; Comptometer operators; keypunch operators, class A and B;
office boys and girls; secretaries; stenographers, general; stenogra
phers, senior; switchboard operators; tabulating-machine operators,
class B; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are
based on men and women industrial nurses.
Men in the following
8 skilled maintenance jobs and 2 unskilled jobs are included in the
plant worker data: Skilled— carpenters; electricians; machinists; m e
chanics; mechanics, automotive; painters; pipefitters; and tool and
die makers; unskilled— janitors, porters, and cleaners; and laborers,
material handling.
Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were
computed for each of the selected occupations. The average salaries
or hourly earnings were then multiplied by employment in each of
the jobs during the period surveyed in 1961. These weighted earnings
for individual occupations were then totaled to obtain an aggregate for
each occupational group. Finally, the ratio (expressed as a percentage)
of the group aggregate for the one year to the aggregate for the other
year was computed and the difference between the result and 100 is
the percentage of change from the one period to the other. The
indexes were computed by multiplying the ratios for each group
aggregate for each period after the base year (1961).
The indexes and percentages of change measure, principally,
the effects of (1) general salary and wage changes; (2) merit or other
increases in pay received by individual workers while in the same
job; and (3) changes in average wages due to changes in the labor force
resulting from labor turnover, force expansions, force reductions,
and changes in the proportions of workers employed by establishments
with different pay levels.
Changes in the labor force can cause
increases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual
wage changes.
For example, a force expansion might increase the
proportion of lower paid workers in a specific occupation and lower
the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid
workers would have the opposite effect. Similarly, the movement of
a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average
earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other
establishments in the area.
The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effect
of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job in
cluded in the data. The percentages of change reflect only changes in
average pay for straight-time hours. They are not influenced by
changes in standard work schedules, as such, or by premium pay
for overtime.
4
A. Occupational Earnings
Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women
(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis
by industry division, Savannah, Ga. , May 1965)
Weekly earnings1
(standard)
S e x , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n
Number
of
workers
Mean2
CL
Median 2
19
26
3 9 .5
4 1 .0
1 1 9 .0 0
1 1 7 .5 0
$
1 1 8 .0 0
1 1 6 .5 0
1 1 9 .0 0
25
4 0 .0
9 8 .0 0
1 0 4 .0 0
40 0 106 0 0
00
$
MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------
PAYKULL
N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly e a rn in g s o f---$
Average
weekly
hours1
[standard]
qo
*
Middle range 2
$
$
s
S
S
S
$
$
$
$
S
$
$
s
$
S
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
n o
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
over
3
-
:
:
:
:
:
:
"
1
1
4
4
3
1
2
4
3
1
13
3
10
4
2
7
1
2
1
2
1
1
:
2
2
1
1
-
-
i
i
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
2
1
I
1
1
50
U n der
$
and
50
u n d er
$
$
1 1 0 .5 0 1 2 7 .0 0
1 0 5 .0 0 -1 3 0 .0 0
1 1 5 .5 0 1 2 7 .0 0
S
S
%
and
3
8 6 .0 0 -1 0 8 .5 0
1
1
2
1
1
1
4
2
1
2
1
1
1
6
8
1
2
1
2
3
3
8
5
3
1
1
3
2
1
1
5
1
1
5
1
1
-
1
3
1
7
WOMEN
BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS*
CLASS B
27
4 0 .0
6 1 .5 0
6 0 .0 0
5 7 . 0 0 - 7 0 .0 0
39
3 9 .5
9 1 .5 0
9 3 .5 0
7 6 .0 0 -1 0 8 .0 0
QO AA_11U7
n o •CA
74«UU
DU
18
40* 0 ^ 8 0 * 0 0
*72*50
5 9 .0 0 -1 0 7 .0 0
r « c o i/r • AUUUUli
i r m n u T1rin
ub
r f tr Li A
ac
a
CLcKIvb
o oc D
aaa ait ic A r InUK
io 1
r Nu
Air
MAliUrAC
— ——- ——— ——————
NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
33
34
39* 5
4oI 0
73*50
7 6 .0 0
76*50
7 2 .5 0
CO
CA_
3
0 s7
U"
AT #3U
CA_
Of
5 6 .0 0 -
r i tKM>
c o i/r f
LL
16
4 0 .0
9 4 .0 0
9 5 .0 0
7fOi «U
AA_1
1 A AA
U "110«U
U
ACTrUNCn UrCKAIUKOf
24
4 0 . 0 CLAaa
7 8 .5 0 D 6 6 .0 0
6 0 .0 0 -1 0 5 .0 0
CLERKS,
ACCOUNTING,
U illlic AC
AT Tl
IQ INC
vu r
HANUr
I UK
CLASS
A --------------
——- —————
uniuu
AUIIC Af T1UK
lO INb
ILir
PlUlinAnUrACI
n a wHULL
o na i
PAY
w cvniikiru n n c o
r«
a too c
ac
e
a
C
trOCT AO t c c
4 LCKC1 AK1t o
AAAAll IC AClUKINb
ATTIID I Air*. ——————————————————
MANUr
AiriAIAAAAll 1C A
ATTI
io Ii uNo
r
NUNNANUr
C, 1 UK
n 11 o i IC
vr U
u tlti
PUtSL
I Ltlrl il ec ar ' —— — —— ————
19
ra t1 ecNUOKAPHcKat
iin rn in u e n c
r cucd a a
bfcNfcKAL
UANUr
AAll IC ac
ATTlIO
u r —— ——————— ——— ———
n
1 uk ir Hu
A1nkl UAAll ICAfTIlD
tm
NUNPIANUr
AL 1 UK INI?
———————————————
m toi II#
tr U
u rlnI Ltlrl il cc ra^ ——————— ————
PUtSL
i131
r r1 CnUbKArnClS
CAinrn aaucdcJf bCNIUK
r cai tn o
0
———————————
aaANUr
aahac Au
am1 Ulxlltb
io r Air ———————————————— —
H
SWITCHBOARO OPERATORS -----------------------------
Ainaiu aaii ac A m1UK
to fINI?
ur
NUNFIANUrAW
SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTS-
uI ANUr
aaii a cA
rrn
r Air
P
AL1
UoK1
N\?
TY P IS TS t
—
————————————
CLASS A --------------------------------------
T
^ 9. w
PIla a a oA —— — ———
vY
TP
r iI^
a lT a
M
AKJtlPAv
AT Tl
IB YMC
"MltUr
1UK
INI? — — — —
—
—
——
—
83*50
1 1 5 .0 0
A
70 nn
7ft nn
90*50 102*50
1 0 1 . 0 0 1 0 8 .5 0
iLQ
EA_ A
Q AA
O
o*3U“
t o *UU
6 9 .0 0 - 8 6 .0 0
A A . 1 11U
A «UU
AA
oo*UU—1
1 0 5 .5 0 -1 1 2 .5 0
-
12
6
-
~
oA
An
o
h . uu
Q1 AA
o3«UU
9 6 .0 0
7i t£. * 3U“
CA. 1 1 tI I1 * UU
AA
n n—
.m
oqtf •UU
1UcD# ca
DU
TA
HA-1
1 C«UAA
rU «U
U *il3
U
1AA
A A .I
I O «UU
AA
1U U «0U
"1IV
90*00
4 0 * 0 1 0 9 .5 0
2
-
-
*4
8
4
1
5
3
-
2
1
*
1
4
3
1
2
1
■jy
39^ 5
35
4 0 . 0a
36
29
3 9 .5
3 9 .5
8 7 .5 0
8 5 .5 0
8 8 .0 0
8 7 .5 0
7 6 .0 0 1 0 1 .0 0
7 4 . 0 0 - 9 6 .0 0
31
25
4 2 .5
43. 5
6 4 .5 0
5 9 .0 0
6 7 .5 0
6 5 .0 0
3 4 .5 0 - 8 8 .5 0
3 3 . 5 0 - 7 7 .5 0
49
21
l1 oA
3 9 .0
39. 0
6 7 .0 0
7 2 .0 0
6 4 .0 0
6 9 .0 0
5 4 . 5 0 - 7 4 .0 0
6 1 . 5 0 - 7 9 .0 0
-
44
3 9 .5
8 4 .0 0
8 2 .0 0
7 7 . 0 0 - 9 1 .0 0
-
26
17
3 8 .5
3 8 .0
6 5 .5 0
6 5 .5 0
OO •UU
66*00
6 1 . 5 0 - 7 3 .0 0
6 0 . 5 0 - 7 5 .5 0
1
1
1
1
*
6
1
-
1
1
1
3
2
2
1
*7
5
10
11
-
4
4
2
1
13
**
3
6
20
15
1
2
17
14
**
*
1
5
5
8
7
1
3
2
1
1
10
6
4
4
8
1
7
6
5
5
2
2
14
2
1
11
1
10
10
i
1
7
i
l
2
2
2
*
'
5
2
2
3
3
3
1
3
1
1
1
2
2
1
-
-
-
-
i
i
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
10
3
3
6
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
10
5
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
3
3
-
*
1
-
1
5
11
1
*
2
9
8
1
1
11
11
1
1
1
1
1
3
6
2
4
3
*
6
2
l
3
2
2
2
-
1
15
14
1
1
*
2
1
1
3
3
6
6
3
2
14
14
3
1
2
2
2
2
6
2
-
-
~
~
1
3
*
1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.
2 The mean is computed for each job by totaling the earnings of all workers and dividing by the number of workers. The median designates position— half of the employees surveyed receive more
tnan the rate shown; half receive less than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by 2 rates of pay; a fourth of the workers earn less than the lower of these rates and a fourth earn more than the
higher rate.
3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.
4 All workers were at $30 to $35.
5
Table A-2.
Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Women
Data were not collected for draftsmen and tracers due to the revision of occupational
descriptions, which were revised to facilitate improved classification. (See appendix A .)
It was not feasible to collect earnings data by mail the first year; however, earnings data
for draftsmen and tracers will be collected by personal visit and published next year.
Data for industrial nurses do not meet publication criteria.
Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined
(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis
by industry division, Savannah, Ga. , May 1965)
Average
O c c u p a tio n and in d u s tr y d iv is io n
Number
of
workers
Weekly
Weekly
hours 2 earnings 2
(standard) (standard)
BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS,
$
6 3 .5 0
28
4 0 .0
CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A -----------------U A K l I I C A r T i m IMP
nAINUrAUiUKliivi
™
™
NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 3 -----------------------------------
84
40
44
23
4 0 . 0 1 0 5 .5 0
4 0 .0
CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B -------------UI AlMUr
AAlllC AU
ATTim
IMP
P
1UK A
INU —————— ————— ———————
92
47
45
4 0 .0
3 9 .5
4 0 .0
NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
4 0 .5
1 0 2 .0 0
1 2 0 .0 0
8 1 .0 0
8 4 .0 0
CLERKS, ORDER ---------------------------------------------
24
4 1 .0
9 4 .5 0
CLERKS, PAYROLL ---------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
32
17
15
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
1 0 0 .0 0
9 5 .0 0
1 0 5 .5 0
Average
Average
O c c u p a tio n and in d u str y d iv is io n
KEYPUNCH OPERATORS,
CLASS B
Number
of
workers
Weekly
hours 2
(standard)
24
40. 0
SECRETARIES -------------------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------------------M.1K
AU
f T1l U
I Or\ IA.
f
IN
Ul\ JAKIIIC
~ aVNU* A
l INLj
————————— —
PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 3 -----------------------------------
114
55
59
27
3 9 .5
3 9 .0
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL ------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------M?ON
AMIIP
AT Tl
IP tMT
iN
JINM
"AINU
« AU
1 UK
INo
PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 3---------------------------
137
77
4 0 .0
3 9 .5
------------------
60
41
4 0 .0
Weekly
earnings 2
(standard)
$
7 8 .5 0
9 5 .0 0
9 6 .5 0
O c c u p a t io n and in d u s t r y d iv is io n
Weekly
Weekly
hours 2 earnings2
[standard) (standard)
STENOGRAPHERS, S E N IO R ----------------------------------UA
AhlllC
AT TIIO
I iNU
UlO
n
INU* AU
1 UK 1
------- ——————----- —--------
37
29
3 9 .5
3 9 .5
$
8 8 .0 0
8 5 .5 0
SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS-------------------------------------iNUNiiAiNUrAL 1 UK ING ———————————————
31
25
4 2 .5
4 3 .5
6 4 .5 0
5 9 .0 0
SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTSMANUFACTURING --------------------------------------
21
16
3 9 .0
3 9 .0
6 7 .0 0
7 2 .0 0
1 1 2 .5 0
8 4 .5 0
7 8 .0 0
9 2 .0 0
1 0 2 .5 0
pi * r r *
CLAoS
A -------------- ----------------- ------
44
3 9 .5
8 4 .0 0
T Y P ISTS, CLASS B -------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------
28
17
3 9 .0
3 8 .0
6 5 .5 0
6 5 .5 0
t
\/ P
n tl ac ti nr*t
it
Salaries of professional and technical workers are omitted from this report.
Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.
Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.
Number
of
workers
6
Table A-4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations
(A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s fo r m e n in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s i s
b y in d u str y d iv i s io n , S a van n ah , G a . , M a y 1965) 1
3
2
1
Hourly earnings
Number
of
workers
O c c u p a tio n and in d u s tr y d iv is io n
N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f %
1 .3 0
Mean2 Median 2
Middle range 2
MAINTENANCE
—
—
—
—— ——
-----------
ELECTRICIANS* MAINTENANCE
MANUFACTURING — —— ———
^ i nr M r k i
r t t v i Aki t nw a n v i c n
F IKcMfcNf S l A t I U N A K Y . B U I L c K
u ik«iic i r T i i n vMr
H A N U rA L IU K IN u
—
—
36
117
113
3 .2 6
3 .2 5
3 .3 4
3 .3 4
3 . 2 5 - 3 .3 9
3 . 2 5 - 3 .3 9
2 AO
2 39
2 l 45
1 .5 7 1 .5 3 -
2 .9 9
3 .0 1
HELPERS* MAINTENANCE TRAOES ———————
MANUFACTURING ———————————
———
1 715c
1
161
2* A6
2 60
2 .6 0
2 . 4 4 — 2 .6 5
MACHINISTS*
130
128
3 .3 7
3 .3 7
3 .3 7
3 .3 6
3 .3 2
3 .5 2
3 . 3 2 — 3 .5 1
37
26
2 .9 2
2 .8 2
3 .0 9
2 .7 5
2 .5 8 2 .2 8 -
MAINTENANCE —
u ik ii i e A P r i m vu r
M A N UF A Ci U K I N C
——————
^
MECHANICS* AUTOMOTIVE
(MAINTENANCE) -----------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ————— —————— —— — —
u r r u AfclfPf
U l f AtT CL) ALir c
M E C HA NI C S * M A I N I E N A N C t
UA
ALlDC
lD
UT
H
N UrA
A fCTI
1U
K I1N
U ___
u i ki nr i r r n n ikir
m ANU rAC 1 UK I NC
PAINTERS*
"""■
1
* .
5
*
oa
——————————————————
r%It n
u iAtI N
mtcd m r c
P
P cEcr il t
l ltErKo Sct
M
I E N A N C t ——————————
II AAll 1CAC
ATTIIO
uC
r ____________ ______
MANUr
1 U K If N
2 .6 8 2 .6 7 -
3 .2 9
3 .2 9
2*60
2*70
2 .3 9 2 .3 9 -
2 .8 5
2 .8 5
47
^ .9 5
3 lo 3
2 .9 4 2 .9 4 -
3 .0 8
3 .0 8
_
96
3*29
3
33
3 .2 9 3 .2 9 -
s
$
$
$
s
S
1
$
$
S
s
$
$
*
s
S
$
$
1 .6 0
1 .7 0
1 .8 0
1 .9 0
2 .0 0
2 .10
2 . 20
2 .3 0
2> .4 0
2 .5 0
2 .6 0
2 .7 0
2 .8 0
2 .9 0
3 .0 0
3 .1 0
3 .2 0
3 .3 0
3 .4 0
3 .5 0
1 .7 0
1 .8 0
1 .9 0
2 .0 0
2 .1 0
2 .2 0
2 . 30
2 .4 0
;> .5 0
2 .6 0
2 .7 0
2 .8 0
2 .9 0
3 .0 0
3 .1 0
3 .2 0
3 .3 0
3 .4 0
3 .5 0
over
2
2
1
-
-
-
55
55
18
18
7
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
10
2
£
f
2
2
-
3
3
15
12
13
15
15
10
-
-
2
2
3
3
10
-
4
3
3
3
g
g
2
2
2
2
2
2
h o lid a y s ,
1
10
10
12
12
1
1
1
1
4
4
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
13
13
1
*
1
14
1
2
2
£
9
9
2
2
1
1
1
1
10
10
33
30
29
29
1
5
2
1
1
and la te s h ift s .
-
1
1
16
16
9
9
84
2
1
12
12
32
9
2
9
9
24
24
6
1
1
3 .3 7
3 .3 7
1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s ,
2 F o r d e fin itio n o f t e r m s , s e e fo o tn o te 2 , ta b le A - l .
3 A l l w o r k e r s w e r e at $ 3 . 5 0 to $ 3 . 6 0 .
1 .6 0
S
3 .3 3
3 .3 3
62
MAINTENANCE —— — ------------------ —
UA
ALlllC
i TCTl U
l iK
a fINC
Air
M
NUrA
1 .5 0
s
$
$
$
$
2 . 9 5 - 3 .2 7
a*P
n 3*^3
2 .9 9
3 .2 7
J. 23
10
75
————————
$
1 .5 0
and
under
1 .4 0
CARPENTERS*
$
1 .4 0
5
4
2
3
1
1
27
27
2
1
1
39
39
38
76
8
30
“
3
_
2
8
34
34
1
j
20
20
—
70
70
7
Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations
(A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t -t i m e h o u r ly e a rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s i s
b y in d u str y d iv i s io n , S a van n ah , G a . , M a y 1965)
N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv i n g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f-
Hourly earning,2
O c c u p a t io n 1 an d in d u s tr y d iv is io n
Number
of
worker,
$
.6 0
Mean3
Median3
Middle range3
$
.6 0
94
74
$
2 .0 0
1 .9 6
$
2 .0 5
2 .0 3
$
$
1 . 7 2 - 2 .4 0
1 .5 9 - 2 .4 3
GUARDS:
MANUFACTURING -------------------------
$
1 .4 0
$
1 . 60
$
1 .7 0
S
1 . 80
s
1 .9 0
$
2 .0 0
S
2 . 10
*
2 .2 0
%
ii
t
1 .5 0
2 .4 0
;’ . 6 0
2 .8 0
$
3 .0 0
$
3 .2 0
1 .2 0
1 .3 0
1 .,4 0
1 .5 0
1 .6 0
1 . 70
1 .B 0 - L , 9 0
2 .0 0
2 .1 0
2 . 20
2 .4 0
2 .6 0
i’ • 8 0
3 .0 0
3 .2 0
3 .4 0
7
7
10
10
2
2
4
2
12
12
12
12
11
8
6
-
19
16
4
4
—
~
12
4
-
8
4
.9 0
.8 0
.9 0
1 .0 0
1 .1 0
—
—
~
~
-
-
-
-
-
~
~
~
35
2 .2 0
2 .0 9
2 .0 2 -
39
1 .7 5
1 .6 5
1 .3 3 -
2 .1 8
-
-
-
JANITORS* PORTERS* AND CLEANERS
MANUFACTURING ------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 4----------------
156
95
61
26
1 .6 2
1 .7 4
1 .4 3
1 .9 1
1 .5 3
1 .8 2
U 29
2 .0 4
1
1
1
1
-
2 .0 3
2 .1 1
1 .8 5
2 .3 1
2
4
6
-
-
-
2
~
4
6
9
4
8
5
S
1 . 30
.8 0
WATCHMEN:
MANUFACTURING -------------------------
.2
.4
.1
.5
*
1 .2 0
.7 0
S
%
and
u n der
.7 0
GUARDS AND WATCHMEN -------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------
$
1 .1 0
$
1 .0 0
S
S
—
5
1
2
2 .5 5
-
7
10
-
2
2
1
5
-
4
-
8
-
-
-
-
2
-
27
27
2
2
22
22
3
3
2
“
2
-
-
-
17
15
2
2
13
9
4
4
_
-
_
-
_
-
~
8
2
6
6
_
-
~
3
1
2
1
3
-
7
3
4
9
-
26
11
15
4
~
~
-
-
9
6
3
3
~
1 .5 3
1 .7 0
1 .1 7 -
2 .0 1
2
2
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
1
-
-
-
7
3
3
-
1 .7 6
1 .7 3
1 .8 6
1 .5 3
1 .5 2
2 .1 9
1 .2 9 1 .3 5 1 .2 7 -
2 .1 7
2 .1 5
2 .3 7
_
-
-
_
-
-
_
-
_
-
_
25
25
2
2
-
1
1
l
-
-
13
6
7
57
57
“
87
63
24
l
5
5
-
82
81
1
33
9
24
ORDER
F ILLE R S ---------------------------MANUFACTURING------------------------
37
22
2 .0 0
2 .2 3
2 .1 2
2 .1 7
1 .6 7 2 .1 3 -
2 .1 8
2 .6 2
_
_
_
-
-
15
15
_
-
12
-
3
-
-
"
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
36
15
21
7
4
3
5
5
-
12
3
-
2
2
~
-
12
12
2
2
4
4
32
32
2 .3 5
2 .5 5
1 .6 8 -
2 .9 4
-
-
-
2 .0 0
1 .9 9
2 .0 1
2 .2 3
1 .7 8
2 .3 0
1 .7 3
1 .7 6
1
1
1
1
-
2 .3 8
2 .3 6
2 .5 9
3 .2 4
_
_
_
-
-
TRUCKDRIVERS* LIGHT (UNDER
1- 1 / 2 TONS) ----------------------------
28
1 .6 4
1 .3 2
1 .2 4 -
2 .3 4
-
TRUCKDRIVERS* MEDIUM ( 1- 1 / 2 TO
AND INCLUDING 4 TONS) ----------MANUFACTURING ------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------
121
49
72
2 .1 6
2 .0 5
2 .2 3
2 .2 9
2 .3 1
2 .0 5
1 .5 2 1 .3 3 1 .5 3 -
2 .8 5
2 .3 6
3 .2 4
203
2 .2 7
189
2 .2 4
2 .3 3
2 .3 3
2 .1 9 2 .1 8 -
2 .3 8
2 .3 7
110
90
2 .0 2
2 .3 3
2 .3 1
1 .5 7 1 .5 5 -
2 .3 9
2 .3 6
TRUCKERS, POWER (FO R K LIFT) -------MANUFACTURING ------------------------TRUCKERS, POWER (OTHER THAN
FORKLIFT) ----------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------- 1
5
4
3
2
1
2
3
4
5
2 .1 0
.4
.3
.5
.5
5
9
1
9
~
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
~
~
~
“
2
2
"
-
~
-
-
2
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
“
-
-
_
-
-
-
_
_
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
_
-
_
2
3
-
l
1
-
2
2
“
24
24
24
2
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
22
2?
11
11
6
6
_
_
1
_
_
1
-
2
_
2
-
2
2
1
-
-
24
24
22
”
-
and la te s h ift s .
1
1
24
12
12
D a ta lim ite d to m e n w o r k e r s e x c e p t w h e r e o th e r w is e in d ic a te d .
E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s ,
F o r d e fin itio n o f t e r m s , s e e fo o tn o te 2 , ta b le A - l .
T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and oth e r p u b lic u t il it ie s .
In c lu d e s a l l d r i v e r s r e g a r d l e s s o f s iz e and type o f tr u c k o p e r a t e d .
-
-
2
26
16
-
-
329
262
67
188
73
115
74
-
_
-
LABORERS, MATERIAL H A N D LIN G -----MANUFACTURING ------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------
C L E R K S ------------------------
-
-
JANITORS* PORTERS* AND CLEANERS
(WOMEN) --------------------------------------
RECEIVING
—
“
-
~
TRUCKDRIVERS5 ----------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 4----------------
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
9
6
3
14
8
6
_
_
_
-
-
-
_
_
-
_
7
1
1
1
-
4
1
3
40
39
l
11
4
7
-
-
-
30
2
28
28
-
-
7
2
-
-
-
-
4
l
3
33
32
1
4
-
_
_
-
-
-
4
-
30
2
28
21
21
124
124
6
6
~
14
14
_
2
l
51
51
_
-
_
_
1
~
20
_
_
_
_
-
”
_
_
Appendix A .
Changes in Occupational Descriptions
Since the Bureau's last survey, occupational descriptions for
draftsman and switchboard operator were revised in order to obtain salary
information for more specific categories*
Draftsman. The revised descriptions for draftsman (class A , B,
and C; and draftsman-tracer) replace the previous designations for drafts
man (leader, senior, and junior; and tracer) and emphasize the distinction
between drafting and design skills. Therefore, if data are presented for
any of these occupations, such data are not comparable to data previously
published. In areas where current employment and earnings information
was collected largely by mail this year and will be collected by a personal
visit by Bureau field economists next year, data for these occupations will
be presented next year.
Switchboard operator. The revised description for switchboard
operator arranges these workers into two defined classes (A and B) instead
of a single category, clarifying the criteria of types o f calls handled and
types of information provided. The combination of class A and class B
data, where both are published, is comparable to the single designation,
if previously published.
The revised occupational descriptions are included in appendix B.
9
Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions
The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau*s wage surveys is to assist its field
staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles
and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits
the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on
interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may
differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In
applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors,
apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers.
O FFIC E
BILLER, MACHINE
BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR
Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than
an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to
billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental
to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are
classified by type of machine, as follows:
Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher,
Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a type
writer keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions.
Class A . Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and
experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the
structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper
records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each
phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets,
and other records by hand.
Biller, machine (billing machine). Uses a special billing ma
chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, e t c ., which are
combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices
from customers' purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping
memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of predetermined
discounts and dripping charges and entry of necessary extensions,
which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and
totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The oper
ation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill
being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine.
Class B. Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of
a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book
keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, cus
tomers' accounts (not including a simple type of billing described
under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in
ventory control, etc.
May check or assist in preparation of trial
balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department.
Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine). Uses a bookkeeping
machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e t c ., which
may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers' bills
as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the
simultaneous entry of figures on customers' ledger record. The ma
chine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical
columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or
credit balances.
Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping.
Woiks from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips.
CLERK, ACCOUNTING
Class A . Under general direction of a bookkeeper or accountant,
has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a complete set
of books or records relating to one phase of an establishment's busi
ness transactions.
Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary
11
12
CLERK, ACCOUNTING— Continued
ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts payable;
examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting
distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper
assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and
closing journal entries; and may direct class B accounting clerks.
Class B. Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac
counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or accounts
payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling
bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general
ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not
require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but
is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is
subdivided on a functional basis among several workers.
CLERK, FILE
Class A . In an established filing system containing a number
of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material
such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May
also file this material. May keep records of various types in con
junction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file
clerks.
Class B. Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by simple
(subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer sub
headings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids.
As requested, locates clearly identified material in files and forwards
material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain
and service files.
Class C. Performs routine filing of material that has already
been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classi
fication system ( e .g ., alphabetical, chronological, or numerical).
As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards
material; and may fill out withdrawal charge.
Performs simple
clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files.
CLERK, ORDER— Continued
to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order
sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled.
May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer,
acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, followup orders to see
that they have been filled, keep file o f orders received, and check shipping
invoices with original orders.
CLERK, PAYROLL
Computes wages of company employees and enters the necessary
data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating woikers' earnings
based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll
sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working days, time,
rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and distributing pay envelopes.
May use a calculating machine.
COMPTOMETER OPERATOR
Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe
matical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis
tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp
tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance
of other duties.
DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO)
Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsibilities,
reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a
Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for
ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare
stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters.
May sort, collate, and staple completed material.
KEYPUNCH OPERATOR
CLERK, ORDER
Receives customers' orders for material or merchandise by mail,
phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following:
Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items
Class A . Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina
tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu
ments to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower
level keypunch operator but, in addition, work requires application
13
KEYPUNCH OPERATOR— Continued
of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example,
locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts
information from several documents; and searches for and interprets
information on the document to determine information to be punched.
May train inexperienced operators.
Class B. Under close supervision or following specific procedures
or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched
cards.
Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combination
keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards.
Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified
sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require
little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting of data to be punched.
Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information,
e t c . , are referred to supervisor.
OFFICE BOY OR GIRL
Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating
minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing
m ail, and other minor clerical work.
STENOGRAPHER, SENIOR
Primary duty is to take dictation involving a varied technical
or specialized vocabulary such as
in legal briefs or reports on scientific
research from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype
or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written
copy. May also setup and maintain files, keep records, etc.
OR
Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater inde
pendence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evidenced by
the following: Work requires high degree of stenographic speed and accu
racy; and a thorough working knowledge of general business and office
procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, policies,
procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing
stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining
followup files; assembling material for reports, memorandums, letters,
e t c .; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and
routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does not
include transcribing-machine woik.
SECRETARY
SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR
Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an ad
ministrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments
for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and making
phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and
writing routine correspondence on own initiative; and taking dictation
(where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by
Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded
information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special
reports or memorandums for information of superior.
Class A . Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone
switchboard handling incoming, outgoing, intraplant or office calls. Per
forms full telephone information service or handles complex calls, such
as conference, collect, overseas, or similar calls, either in addition to
doing routine work as described for switchboard operator, class B, or as a
full-time assignment. ("Full” telephone information service occurs when
the establishment has varied functions that are not readily understandable
for telephone information purposes, e. g . , because of overlapping or
interrelated functions, and consequently present frequent problems as to
which extensions are appropriate for calls.)
STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL
Primary duty is to take dictation involving a normal routine
vocabulary from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype
or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written
copy. May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other rela
tively routine clerical tasks.
May operate from a stenographic pool.
Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine
operator.)
Class B. Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone
switchboard handling incoming, outgoing, intraplant or office calls. May
handle routine long distance calls and record tolls. May perform limited
telephone information service. (’’Limited" telephone information service
occurs if the functions of the establishment serviced are readily under
standable for telephone information puiposes, or if the requests are routine,
e. g« f giving extension numbers when specific names are furnished, or
if complex calls are referred to another operator.)
14
SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST
In addition to performing duties o f operator on a single position
or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or
perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties* This typing or
clerical woik may take the major part of this woiker's time while at
switchboard.
TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR— Continued
specific instructions* May include simple wiring from diagrams and
some filing woik* The work typically involves portions o f a work
unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or repetitive
operations*
TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL
TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR
Class A . Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical account
ing machines, typically including such machines as the tabulator,
calculator, interpreter, collator, and others* Performs complete
reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult
wiring as required* The complete reporting and tabulating assign
ments typically involve a variety of long and complex reports which
often are o f irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning
and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced oper
ator, is typically involved in training new operators in machine
operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams
and operating sequences of long and complex reports.
Does not
include woiking supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations
and day-to-day supervision of the woik and production o f a group of
tabulating-machine operators*
Class B. Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical account
ing machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the
sorter, reproducer, and collator* This woik is performed under specific
instructions and may include Ihe performance o f some wiring from
diagrams* The woik typically involves, for example, tabulations
involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small
tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report* Such
reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the pro
cedures are well established* May also include the training o f new
employees in the basic operation of the machine*
Class C*
Operates simple tabulating or electrical accounting
machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, e tc* , with
Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine
vocabulary from transcribing-machine records* May also type from written
copy and do simple clerical woik. Workers transcribing dictation involving
a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports
on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in
shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer,
general.
TYPIST
Uses a typewriter to make copies o f various material or to make
out bills after calculations have been made by another person* May in
clude typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating
processes* May do clerical work involving little special training, such
as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and dis
tributing incoming mail*
Class A . Performs one or more o f the following: Typing ma
terial in final form when it involves combining material from several
sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punctu
ation, e tc* , o f technical or unusual words or foreign language ma
terial; and planning layout and typing o f complicated statistical tables
to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing* May type routine
form letters varying details to suit circumstances*
Class B* Performs one or more of the following: Copy typing
from rough or clear drafts; routine typing o f forms, insurance policies,
etc*; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more
complex tables already set up and spaced properly*
15
PROFESSIONAL
AND
TECHNICAL
DRAFTSMAN—Continued
DRAFTSMAN
Class A . Plans the graphic presentation o f complex items having
distinctive design features that differ significantly from established
drafting precedents. Works in close support with the design originator,
and may recommend minor design changes. Analyzes the effect of
each change on the details of form, function, and positional relation
ships of components and parts. Works with a minimum of supervisory
assistance. Completed work is reviewed by design originator for con
sistency with prior engineering determinations. May either prepare
drawings, or direct their preparation by lower level draftsmen.
Class B. Performs nonroutine and complex drafting assignments
that require the application of most of the standardized drawing tech
niques regularly used. Duties typically involve such woik as: Prepares
working drawings of subassemblies with irregular shapes, multiple
functions, and precise positional relationships between components;
prepares architectural drawings for construction of a building including
detail drawings of foundations, wall sections, floor plans, and roof.
Uses accepted formulas and manuals in making necessary computations
to determine quantities of materials to be used, load capacities,
strengths, stresses, etc. Receives initial instructions, requirements,
and advice from supervisor. Completed work is checked for technical
adequacy.
Class C. Prepares detail drawings of single units or parts for
engineering, construction, manufacturing, or repair purposes. Types
of drawings prepared include isometric projections (depicting three
dimensions in accurate scale) and sectional views to clarify positioning
of components and convey needed information. Consolidates details
from a number of sources and adjusts or transposes scale as required.
MAINTENANCE
Suggested methods of approach, applicable precedents, and advice on
source materials are given with initial assignments. Instructions are
less complete when assignments recur. Woik may be spot-checked
during progress.
DRAFTSMAN-TRACER
Copies plans and drawings prepared by others by placing tracing
cloth or paper over drawings and tracing with pen or pencil. (Does not
include tracing limited to plans primarily consisting of straight lines and
a large scale not requiring close delineation.)
and/or
Prepares simple or repetitive drawings of easily visualized items.
is closely supervised during progress.
Work
NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED)
A registered nurse*■who gives nursing service under general medical
direction to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or
suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment.
Duties involve a combination of the following: Giving first aid to the ill
or injured; attending to subsequent dressing o f employees* injuries; keeping
records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation
or other purposes; assisting in physical examinations and health evaluations
of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs
involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant en
vironment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety
of all personnel.
AND
POWERPLANT
CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE
CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE— Continued
Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain
in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs,
counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made
of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Plan
ning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal
instructions; using a variety of carpenter's handtools, portable power tools,
and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations
relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the
work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires
rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal ap
prenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
16
ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE
HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES— Continued
Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the in
stallation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generation, dis
tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work
involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any o f a variety of
electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, con
trollers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other
transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layouts, or
other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the electrical
system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load
requirements o f wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of
electrician's handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general,
the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and
experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent
training and experience.
a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma
chine, and equipment; assisting journeyman by holding materials or tools;
and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind
of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In
some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma
terials and tools and cleaning woiking areas; and in others he is permitted
to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are
also performed by workers on a full-time basis.
ENGINEER, STATIONARY
Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of
stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to supply the
establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigeration, or
air-conditioning. Woik involves: Operating and maintaining equipment
such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines,
ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed
water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record o f operation
of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise
these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing
more than one engineer are excluded.
MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM
Specializes in the operation of one or more types o f machine
tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes,
or milling machines, in the construction of machine-shop tools, gages,
jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following: Planning
and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring
complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety o f pre
cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling, and oper
ation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to
achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize
when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants
and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes,
machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are ex
cluded from this classification.
MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE
FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER
Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which
employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or
operates a mechanical stoker, or gas or oil burner; and checks water
and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom
equipment.
HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES
Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades,
by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping
Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs o f
metal parts o f mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work
involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and speci
fications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of machinist's
handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating
standard machine tools; shaping o f metal parts to close tolerances; making
standard shop computations relating to dimensions o f work, tooling, feeds,
and speeds of machining; knowledge of the woiking properties of the
common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment re
quired for his woik; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical
equipment. In general, the machinist's woik normally requires a rounded
training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal ap
prenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
17
MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE)
OILER
Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of* an es
tablishment* Work involves most o f the following: Examining automotive
equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and
performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches,
gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts;
replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting
valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle
and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes
and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work o f the auto
motive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired
through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur
faces o f mechanical equipment o f an establishment.
MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE
Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment.
Work involves most of the following: Examining machines and mechanical
equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling
machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use o f handtools
in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items
obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a
machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major
repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the pro
duction o f parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and
making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of
a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually
acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex
perience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary
duties involve setting up or adjusting machines.
MILLWRIGHT
Installs new machines or heavy equipment, and dismantles and
installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout
are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying
out o f the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a
variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re
lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining
and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and
parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power
transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general,
the millwrights work normally requires a rounded training and experience
in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent train
ing and experience.
PAINTER, MAINTENANCE
Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures o f an es
tablishment. Woric involves the following: Knowledge o f surface peculi
arities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing
surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler
in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush.
May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain
proper color or consistency. In general, the work o f the maintenance
painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through
a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE
Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and
pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following:
Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings
or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct
lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting
machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven
or power-driven machines;. assembling pipe with couplings and fastening
pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures,
flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine
whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the
maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually
acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex
perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building
sanitation or heating systems are excluded.
PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE
Keeps the plumbing system o f an establishment in good order.
Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents
and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures;
and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumbers snake. In general,
the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and ex
perience usually acquired through a formal apprentice drip or equivalent
training and experience.
18
TOOL AND DIE MAKER— Continued
SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE
Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheet-metal
equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves,
lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) o f an establish
ment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out all
types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other
specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metalwoiking machines; using a variety o f handtools in cutting, bending, form
ing, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles
as required. In general, the work o f the maintenance sheet-metal worker
requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal
apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience,
TOOL AND DIE MAKER
volves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from models,
blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a
variety of tool and die maker's handtools and precision measuring instru
ments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and
alloys; setting up and operating o f machine tools and related equipment;
making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds,
feeds, and tooling o f machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabri
cation as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities;
working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed
tolerances and allowances; and selecting appropriate materials, tools, and
processes. In general, the tool and die maker's work requires a rounded
training in machine-shop and toolroom* practice usually acquired through
a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
(Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker)
Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures
or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work in-
CUSTODIAL
AND
For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in
tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification.
MATERIAL
MOVEMENT
ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER
JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER—Continued
Transports passengers between floors o f an office building, apart
ment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. Workers
who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of
starters and janitors are excluded.
or other establishment. Duties involve a combination o f the following:
Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips,
trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing
metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance
services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms, Woikers who
specialize in window washing are excluded.
GUARD
Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour,
maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f employees and
other persons entering.
JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER
(Sweeper; charwoman; janitress)
Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory woiking areas
and washrooms, or premises o f an office, apartment house, or commercial
LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING
(Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman
or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper)
A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store,
or other establishment whose duties involve one or mote o f the following:
Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight
cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing
materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting ma
terials or merchandise by handtruck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen,
who load and unload ships are excluded.
19
ORDER FILLER
(Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman)
Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored
merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers'
orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and in
dicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requi
sition additional stock or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform
other related duties.
PACKER, SHIPPING
Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them
in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent
upon the type, size, and number o f units to be packed, the type of con
tainer employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of
items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following:
Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection
of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container;
using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing
and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on
container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded.
TRUCKDRIVER
Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma
terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types o f es
tablishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses,
wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and
customers' houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck
with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck
in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are
S.gchafefl.
For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by sire and
type o f equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be reted on die
basis o f trailer capacity.)
Truckdriver (combination o f sizes listed separately)
Truckdriver, light (under 1Y2 tons)
Truckdriver, medium ( 1V 2 to and including 4 tons)
Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type)
Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type)
SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK
TRUCKER, POWER
Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is responsible
for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work
involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available
means of transportation, and rates; and preparing records o f the goods
shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and dripping charges,
and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing
the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or
directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of
lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting
damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper departments;
and maintaining necessary records and files.
Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered
truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a
warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment.
For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type o f truck,
as follows:
Trucker, power (forklift)
Trucker, power (other than forklift)
For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows:
WATCHMAN
Receiving clerk
Shipping clerk
Shipping and receiving clerk
Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property
against fire, theft, and illegal entry.
Available On Request-----
The fifth annual report on salaries for accountants, auditors, attorneys, chemists,
engineers, engineering technicians, draftsmen, tracers, job analysts, directors of
personnel, managers of office services, and clerical employees.
Order as BLS Bulletin 1422, National Survey of Professional, Administrative, Tech*
nical, and Clerical Pay, February—March 1964. 40 cents a copy.
Occupational Wage Surveys
A list of the latest available bulletins is presented below. A directory indicating dates of earlier studies, and the prices of the bulletins is
available on request. Bulletins may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C ., 20402,
or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover.
Area
Bulletin number
and price
Akron, Ohio, June 1964 1--------------------------------------------Albany—Schenectady—Troy, N. Y ., Apr. 1965________ —
Albuquerque, N. M ex., Apr. 1965___ ________________
Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, P a.-N . J ., Feb. 1965__
Atlanta, Ga., May 19641_____ ________________________
Baltimore, M d., Nov. 1964 1 ----------- -------------------------Beaumont—Port Arthur, Tex., May 19641 ____________
Birmingham, A la., Apr. 1965 1------ --------------------------Boise City, Idaho, July 1964 1 ________________________
Boston, M ass., Oct. 19641 __________________________
1385-80,
1430.52,
1430-62,
1430-48,
1385-73,
1430-27,
1385-70,
1430-60,
1430-1,
1430-16,
25
25
20
20
25
30
25
25
25
30
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
Buffalo, N .Y ., Dec. 19641____________________
Burlington, V t., Mar. 1965 1 --------------------------Canton, Ohio, Apr. 1965---------------------------------Charleston, W. V a ., Apr. 1964 1--------------------Charlotte, N. C., Apr. 1965----------------------------Chattanooga, Tenn.—G a., Sept. 1964 1 ________
Chicago, 111., Apr. 1964 1 -------------------------------Cincinnati, Ohio—K y. , Mar. 1965--------------------Cleveland, Ohio, Sept. 19641__________________
Columbus, Ohio, Oct. 19641----------------------------
1430-36,
1430-51,
1430-59,
1385-57,
1430-61,
1430-10,
1385-66,
1430-55,
1430-13,
1430-18,
30
25
20
25
25
25
30
25
30
30
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
Dallas, Tex., Nov. 1964 1 ------------------------------------------Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, IowaIll., Oct. 1964 1--------------------------------------------------------Dayton, Ohio, Jan. 1965----------------------------- —----------- —
Denver, Colo., Dec. 1964.-----------------------------— --------Des Moines, Iowa, Feb. 1965-------------------------------------Detroit, Mich., Jan. 19651 ---------------------------------------Fort Worth, Tex., Nov. 1964 1-----------------------------------Green Bay, W is., Aug. 1964 1------------------------------------Greenville, S. C ., May 1964 1-------------------------------------Houston, Tex., June 1964 1------------ ----------- -----------------
1430-25,
30 cents
1430-20,
1430-31,
1430-32,
1430-47,
1430-43,
1430-24,
1430-3,
1385-68,
1385-81,
25
25
25
20
30
30
25
25
25
Indianapolis, Ind., Dec. 1964-------------------------------------Jackson, M iss., Feb. 1965----------------------------------------Jacksonville, F la ., Jan. 19651 ------------------ --------------Kansas City, Mo.—Kans., Nov. 1964-------------------------Lawrence—Haverhill, M ass.—N. H ., June 1964 1--------—
Little Rock—North Little Rock, Ark., Aug. 19641 — —
Los Angeles—Long Beach, Calif., Mar. 1965 1 ----------Louisville, Ky. —Ind., Feb. 1965 1------------------------------Lubbock, Tex., June 1964 1 ---------------------------------------Manchester, N. H ., Aug. 19641---------------------------------Memphis, Tenn., Jan. 1965.—-------------------------------------
1430-30,
1430-44,
1430-38,
1430-26,
1385-76,
1430-7,
1430-57,
1430-42,
1385-75,
1430-4,
1430-40,
25cents
20cents
25cents
25cents
25 cents
25cents
30cents
25cents
25cents
25cents
25cents
l
Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented.
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
Area
Bulletin number
and price
Miami, F la ., Dec. 1964____ _________________________
Milwaukee, W is., Apr. 1965 1__________________ ______
Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn., Jan. 1965 1 ______ _____
Muskegonr-Muskegon Heights, Mich., May 19641-------Newark and Jersey City, N. J ., Feb. 1965-----------------New Haven, Conn., Jan. 1965_____________*__________
New Orleans, L a ., Feb. 19651 ---------------------------------New York, N. Y . , Apr. 1964 1 _____________________ ___
Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News—
Hampton, V a ., June 1964___________________________
Oklahoma City, Okla., Aug. 19641 ___________________
1430-29,
1430-58,
1430-39,
1385-71,
1430-45,
1430-34,
1430-53,
1385-72,
25
25
30
25
25
25
30
40
1385-77,
1430-5,
20 cents
25 cents
Omaha, Nebr. —Iowa, Oct. 1964---- -------------------------- --Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N .J ., May 19641 _________
Philadelphia, P a .-N .J ., Nov. 1964 1__________ .______
Phoenix, A r iz ., Mar. 1965.__________________________
Pittsburgh, P a., Jan. 1965 1--------------------------------------Portland, Maine, Nov. 1964__________________________
Portland, Oreg.-W ash., May 1964 1__________________
Providence—Pawtucket, R .I .—M ass., May 1964.__ — Raleigh, N. C ., Sept. 1964----------- ------------------------------Richmond, V a ., Nov. 1964----------------------------- --- --------
1430-17,
1385-62,
1430-28,
1430-56,
1430-41,
1430-21,
1385-67,
1385-65,
1430-6,
1430-19,
25
25
35
20
30
25
25
20
20
25
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
Rockford, 111., May 1965----------------------------St. Louis, Mo.-111., Oct. 19641___________
Salt Lake City, Utah, Dec. 19641 _________
San Antonio, Tex., June 1964----------- ----- — San B ernardino^-Rivers ide-Ontario, Calif.,
Sept. 1964-------------------------------------------------San Diego, Calif., Sept. 19641------------------San Francisco-Oakland, Calif., Jan. 1965 1
Savannah, Ga., May 1965----------------------------Scranton, P a., Aug. 1964.— —— ---------------Seattle, Wash., Sept. 1964-------------------------
1430-63,
1430-22,
1430-33,
1385-74,
20
30
25
20
cents
cents
cents
cents
1430-8,
1430-12,
1430-37,
1430-64,
1430-2,
1430-9,
1430-15,
1430-54,
1385-78,
1430-50,
1430-35,
1430-14,
1430-49,
1430-23,
1430-11,
1385-79,
1430-46,
20
25
25
20
20
25
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
20
20
20
25
25
30
20
25
25
25
20
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
Sioux Falls, S. Dak., Oct. 1964___________________ ___
South Bend, Ind., Mar. 1965--- ------------------- --- -----------Spokane, Wash., May 1964--------------------------------------- —
Toledo, Ohio, Feb. 19651-------------------------------------------Trenton, N .J ., Dec. 19641 __________________________
Washington, D. C. —Md. —V a ., Oct. 19641 _____________
Waterbury, Conn., Mar. 1965---------- -------------------------Waterloo, Iowa, Nov. 19641 --------------------------------------Wichita, Kans., Sept. 19641__________________________
Worcester, M ass., June 19641 ___ — .
____ ___ ____
York, Pa., Feb. 1965--------------------------------------------------
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
@FedFRASER