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O c c u p a tio n a l W age S u rv e y MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE JANUARY 1961 Bulletin No. 1285-35 U N IT E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE JANUARY 1961 Bulletin No. 1285-35 March 1961 U N IT ED S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R Arthur J . Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Ciague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 20 cents L if c J BB J ) Contents Preface Page In trod u ction ______________________________________________________________ W age tren d s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s _______________________ The B u reau o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s r e g u la r ly con d u cts a r e a w id e w age s u r v e y s in a n u m b er o f im p o rta n t in d u str ia l c e n t e r s . The s tu d ie s , m a d e fr o m la te fa ll to e a r ly s p r in g , r e la t e to o c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s and r e la t e d su p p le m e n ta ry b e n e fit s . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on c o m p le tio n o f the study in e a ch a r e a , u su a lly in the m on th fo llo w in g the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ied . T h is b u lletin p r o v id e s a d d ition a l data not in clu d e d in the e a r lie r r e p o r t . A c o n s o lid a te d a n a ly tica l b u lletin s u m m a r iz in g the r e s u lts o f a ll o f the y e a r 's s u r v e y s is is s u e d a fter c o m p le t io n o f the fin a l a r e a b u lletin fo r the c u r r e n t rou n d o f s u r v e y s . T a b le s : T h is r e p o r t w as p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o ffic e in A tlan ta , G a. , by D onald M . C r u se , under the d ir e c t io n o f L o u is B. W o y ty ch , A s s is ta n t R e g io n a l D ir e c t o r fo r W a ges and In d u s tria l R e la tio n s . A pp en dix: 1. 2. A. E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y _________ In d ex es o f stan d ard w e e k ly s a la r ie s and s t r a ig h t -tim e h o u r ly ea rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s and p e r c e n ts o f in c r e a s e f o r s e le c t e d p e r io d s ________________ O cc u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s: * A - 1. O ffic e o c c u p a t io n s ________________________________ A - 2 . P r o fe s s i o n a l and te c h n ic a l o c c u p a t io n s ________ A - 3 . M ain ten an ce and p ow er plant o c c u p a t io n s ______ A - 4 . C u sto d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t o c cu p a tio n s O cc u p a tio n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s __________________________________ * N O T E : S im ila r ta bu la tion s fo r m o s t o f th ese ite m s a r e a v a ila b le in the M em p h is a r e a r e p o r t s fo r N o v e m b e r 1951; Janu ary 1953 and 1954; F e b r u a r y 1955, 1956, and 1957; and J a n u a ry 1958, 1959, and I9 6 0 . The 1957 and 1959 r e p o r t s w e r e lim it e d to o c cu p a tio n a l e a r n in g s . M ost o f the o th e r r e p o r t s a ls o in clu d e data on th ese o r r e la te d e s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p le m e n ta ry w a g e p r o v is io n s . A d ir e c t o r y in d ica tin g date o f study and the p r ic e o f the r e p o r t s , as w e ll as r e p o r t s fo r o th e r m a jo r a r e a s , is a v a ila b le upon r e q u e s t. C u rren t r e p o r t s on o c cu p a tio n a l e a rn in g s and su p p le m e n ta r y w age p r a c t ic e s in the M e m p h is a r e a a r e a ls o a v a ila b le fo r flu id m ilk (M ay I9 6 0 ), banking (M ay I 9 6 0 ), p ow er la u n d r ie s and d ry c le a n e r s (June I9 6 0 ), and h o s p ita ls (J u ly 19 60 ). Union s c a l e s , in d ic a tiv e o f p r e v a ilin g pay l e v e l s , a r e a v a ila b le fo r .he fo llo w in g tra d e s o r in d u s t r ie s : B u ilding c o n s tr u c tio n , p rin tin g , lo c a l- c r a n s it o p e r a tin g e m p lo y e e s , and m o t o r t r u c k d r iv e r s and h e lp e r s . 1 3 2 2 00 -g O' ^ The C o m m u n ity W age S u rv ey P r o g r a m H Occupational Wage Survey—Memphis, Tenn. Introduction This a rea is one of s e v e ra l im portant industrial cen ters in which the U. S. Departm ent of L abor*s Bureau of L abor Statistics conducts su rveys of occupational earnings and rela ted wage benefits on an area b a s is . The bulletin p resen ts cu rren t occu pation al em ploym ent and earnings inform ation obtained la rg e ly by m a il fr o m the establishm ents v isited by Bureau fie ld econ om ists in the la st p rev iou s survey fo r o c c u pations rep orted in that e a r lie r study. P e rso n a l v is its w ere made to nonrespondents and to those respondents reporting unusual changes sin ce the p rev iou s survey. In each area, data a re obtained fr o m rep resen ta tiv e esta b lish m ents within six b road industry d iv isio n s: M anufacturing; tra n sp o r tation, 1 com m unication, and other pu blic u tilities; w h olesa le trade; r e tail trade; finance, insurance, and r e a l estate; and s e r v ic e s . M ajor industry groups excluded fr o m these studies a re governm ent operations and the con stru ction and extractive in d u stries. E stablishm ents having few er than a p r e s c r ib e d num ber o f w o rk e rs a re om itted a lso b eca u se they furnish in su fficien t em ploym ent in the occu pation s studied to w a r rant in clusion. W h erever p o ssib le , separate tabulations a re p rovid ed fo r each of the b roa d industry d iv isio n s. These su rveys a re conducted on a sam ple b a sis b eca u se of the u n n ecessary c o s t involved in surveying a ll establishm ents. T o obtain appropriate a ccu ra cy at m inim um co st, a g rea ter p ro p o rtio n o f la rg e than of sm all establishm ents is studied. In com bining the data, how ev er, a ll establishm ents a re given th eir a p propriate weight. E stim ates based on the establishm ents studied a re presen ted , th e re fo re , as r e lating to a ll establishm ents in the industry grouping and a rea , e x cept fo r those b elow the m inim um s iz e studied. Occupations and E arnings The occupations selected fo r study a r e com m on to a v a riety o f m anufacturing and nonm anufacturing in d u stries. O ccupational c la s sifica tion is b a sed on a u niform set o f jo b d e scrip tio n s design ed to 1 R a ilroa d s, fo r m e r ly excluded fr o m the scop e o f these studies, w ere included in a ll of the a rea s studied sin ce July 1959, excep t B a lti m o re (Septem ber 1959 and D ecem ber I960), B uffalo (O ctober 1959), C leveland (Septem ber 1959), and Seattle (August 1959). take accou nt of inter establishm ent variation in duties within the sam e jo b . (See appendix fo r listing of these d e s c r ip t io n s .) E arnings data are presen ted (in the A -s e r ie s tables) fo r the follow in g types of o ccu p a tions: (a) O ffice c le r ic a l; (b) p ro fe s s io n a l and tech n ica l; (c) m ain te nance and pow erplant; and (d) cu stod ial and m a teria l m ovem ent. O ccupational em ploym ent and earnings data a re shown fo r fu ll-tim e w o rk e rs, i. e . , those h ired to w ork a regu lar w eekly sch ed ule in the given occu pation al cla ss ifica tio n . Earnings data exclude prem ium pay fo r o v ertim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olidays, and late shifts. N onproduction bon u ses a re excluded a lso , but c o s t - o f living b on uses and incentive earnings a re included. W here w eekly h ours a re rep orted , as fo r o ffic e c le r ic a l occu p ation s, re fe r e n c e is to the w ork sch edules (rounded to the n ea rest h alf hour) fo r which stra ig h t-tim e salaried a re paid; average w eekly earn in gs fo r these occu pation s have been rounded to the n e a re st h alf d o lla r. A verag e earnings of m en and w om en a re p resen ted sep arately fo r se le cte d occu pation s in which both sex es a re com m on ly em ployed. D iffe re n ce s in pay le v e ls o f m en and wom en in these occu p ation s a re la rg e ly due to (1) d iffe re n ce s in the distribu tion of the sex es among in du stries and esta blish m en ts; (2) d iffe re n ce s in sp e c ific duties p e r fo rm e d , although the occu pation s a re ap p rop riately c la s s ifie d within the sam e su rvey jo b d e scrip tio n ; and (3) d iffe re n ce s in length of s e r v ic e or m e r it rev iew when individual sa la rie s a re adjusted on this b a sis. L onger average se r v ic e of m en would resu lt in higher avera g e pay when both se x e s a re em ployed within the sam e rate range. Job d e scrip tio n s used in c la ss ify in g em p loyees in these su rveys a re usu ally m o r e g e n era lized than those used in individual establish m en ts to a llow fo r m inor d iffe r e n ce s am ong establish m en ts in s p e c ific duties p e rfo rm e d . O ccupational em ploym ent estim ates re p re se n t the total in a ll establish m en ts within the sco p e o f the study and not the num ber a ctu a lly su rveyed. B eca u se o f d iffe re n ce s in occu pation al stru ctu re am ong establish m en ts, the estim ates o f occu pation al em ploym ent obtained fr o m the sam ple of establish m en ts studied se rv e only to in dicate the rela tiv e im p orta n ce o f the jo b s studied. T hese d iffe re n ce s in o c c u pational stru ctu re do not m a te ria lly a ffe ct the a c cu ra cy o f the ea rn ings data. 2 T a b le 1. E stab lish m en ts and w o rk e rs w ithin s c o p e o f s u rv e y and num ber studied in M em ph is, Tenn. , 1 by m a jo r in du stry d iv is io n , 2 January 1961 N um ber o f e stablish m en ts Industry d iv isio n A ll d iv isio n s W ithin s co p e o f study3 _____________________________ W o rk e rs in establish m en ts Studied W ithin scope of study Studied __________ 456 146 8 2 ,9 0 0 4 9 ,4 9 0 M anufacturing _______________________________________ N onm anufacturing ___________________________________ T r a n sp o rta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , and oth er p u b lic u t ilit ie s 4 __________ ______________ W h o le sa le trad e 5 _________________________________ R e ta il trade 5 ______________________________________ F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l estate 5 __________ S e r v ic e s 5> 6 _______________________________________ 174 282 60 86 3 5 ,9 0 0 4 7 ,0 0 0 2 2 ,280 27,210 53 77 89 28 35 24 17 22 10 13 11,600 8 ,0 0 0 16,600 4 ,7 0 0 6, 100 8 ,9 0 0 2 ,4 4 0 10,030 2 ,8 3 0 3 ,0 1 0 1 The M em phis Standard M etrop olita n S ta tistica l A r e a (Shelby County). The "w o r k e r s w ithin s co p e o f study" e stim a tes show n in this table p ro v id e a re a s o n a b ly a ccu ra te d e s c r ip tio n o f the s iz e and c o m p o s itio n o f the la b o r f o r c e includ ed in the s u rv ey . The e stim a tes are not intended, h o w e v e r , to s e r v e as a b a sis o f c o m p a r is o n w ith other a re a em ploym en t indexes to m e a s u r e em ploym en t trends o r le v e ls sin ce (1) planning o f w age s u rv e y s r e q u ir e s the u se o f e stablish m en t data c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in advance o f the p a y r o ll p e r io d studied, and (2) s m a ll establish m en ts a re exclu d ed fr o m the sc o p e o f the su rv e y . 2 The 1957 r e v is e d ed ition o f the Standard Industrial C la s s ific a t io n M anual was u sed in c la s s ify in g establish m en ts by in du stry d iv isio n . M a jo r changes fr o m the e a r lie r edition (used in the B u re a u 's la b o r m a rk e t w age su rv e y s con du cted p r io r to July 1958) a re the tr a n s fe r o f m ilk p a ste u riz a tio n plants and r e a d y -m ix e d c o n c r e te esta b lish m e n ts fr o m trade (w h o le sa le o r r e ta il) to m an u factu rin g, and the tr a n s fe r o f ra d io and te le v is io n b r o a d c a s tin g fr o m s e r v ic e s to the tra n sp o rta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , and oth er p u b lic u tilities d iv isio n . 3 Includes a ll e stablish m en ts w ith to ta l em ploym en t at o r above the m in im u m -s iz e lim ita tio n (50 e m p lo y e e s ). A ll outlets (within the a rea) o f com p a n ie s in such in d u strie s as tr a d e , fin a n ce , auto r e p a ir s e r v ic e , and m o tio n -p ic tu r e th ea ters are c o n s id e r e d as 1 e stablish m en t. . . 4 and a re T a x i c a b s a n d s e r v i c e s in c id e n t a l to w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t io n w e r e e x c l u d e d . M e m p h is ' e x c l u d e d b y d e f in i t io n f r o m the s c o p e o f the s tu d y . e l e c t r i c a n d g a s u t ilit ie s a r e m u n i c ip a l ly o p e r a t e d 5 Th is industry d iv isio n is re p r e s e n te d in e s tim a te s fo r "a ll in d u s tr ie s " and "non m an u factu rin g" in the S e r ie s A ta b le s . S eparate p re se n ta tio n o f data fo r this d iv isio n is not m ade fo r one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g r e a s o n s : (1) E m p loym en t in the d iv isio n is too sm a ll to p rovid e enough data to m e r it separate study, (2) the sam p le was not design ed in itia lly to p e rm it separate presen ta tion , (3) r e s p o n s e w as in s u fficie n t o r inadequate to p e rm it separate p re se n ta tio n , (4) there is p o s s ib ility o f d is c lo s u r e o f individual esta b lish m en t data. 6 H o te ls; p e r s o n a l s e r v ic e s ; b u sin e ss s e r v ic e s ; au tom obile r e p a ir sh op s; m o tio n p ic tu re s ; n o n p ro fit m e m b e r s h ip o rg a n iz a tio n s ; and e n gin eerin g and a rc h ite c tu r a l s e r v ic e s . T a ble 2. In dexes o f standard w eek ly s a la r ie s and s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u rly earn in gs fo r s e le c t e d occu p a tio n a l g rou p s in M em phis, Tenn. , January 1961 and January I960, and p e r c e n ts of in c r e a s e fo r s e le cte d p e r io d s Indexes (January 1953 ■ 100) Industry and occu p a tio n a l group January 1961 A ll in d u stries: O ffic e c le r i c a l (w om en) _ In du strial n u rs e s (w om en) Skilled m aintenance (m en) U nskilled plant (m en) _ M an u factu rin g: O ffic e c le r i c a l (w om en) In du strial n u r s e s (w om en) Skilled m aintenance (m en) U nskilled plant (m en) _ ___ _____ _ __ _ ___ __ _ _ _ _ Data do not m e e t p u b lica tio n c r it e r ia . 132. 146. 142. 139. 6 2 2 2 133. 2 (l ) 137. 5 134. 5 January I960 127. 140. 137. 136. 7 3 1 9 127. 3 (M 131. 4 130. 1 P e r c e n t in c r e a s e s fr o m — January I960 to January 1961 3. 4. 3. 1. 9 2 7 7 4 .6 (M 4 .6 3. 4 January 1959 January 1958 F e b ru a ry 1957 F e b ru a ry 1956 F e b ru a ry 1955 January 1954 to to to to to to January I960 January 1959 January 1958 F e b ru a ry 1957 F e b ru a ry 1956 F eb ru a ry 1955 2. 4. 3. 3. 2 4 9 5 2. 3 n 3. 2 1 .6 3. 3. 2. . 4 2 3 9 1. 8 (M 1. 9 1. 0 2. 3. 6. 4. 4 3 3 5 4. 6 (*) 5. 4 5. 8 4. 4. 5. 7. 3 2 4 2 5. 6 (l ) 4. 8 7. 3 January 1953 to January 1954 6. 5 5 .9 8. 1 7. 7 2. 7. 3. 3. 1 1 0 5 4. 6. 3. 5. 1 7 5 2 4. 7 n 8 .9 “ 3. 6 3. 8. 2. 4. 9 7 3 2 2. 6. 1. 3. 3 7 6 4 3 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups P resen ted in table 2 a re indexes o f s a la rie s o f o ffic e c le r ic a l w o rk e rs and industrial n u rses, and o f av era g e earnings of selected plant w ork er grou p s. In a re a s which w e re not surveyed during the fis c a l 1953 b a se y ea r (July 1952 to June 1953) this table is lim ited to p e rce n ts of change betw een s e le cte d p e rio d s. F or o ffic e c le r ic a l w o rk e rs and in du strial n u rses, the indexes rela te to avera ge w eekly sa la rie s fo r n orm a l h ours o f w ork, that is, the standard w ork schedule fo r w hich stra ig h t-tim e sa la rie s a re paid. F or plant w ork er grou ps, they m ea su re changes in stra ig h t-tim e hourly earnings, excluding p rem iu m pay fo r ov ertim e and fo r w ork on w eek ends, h olida y s, and late shifts. The indexes a re b a sed on data fo r selected key occupations and include m o st of the n u m erica lly im portant jo b s within each group. The o ffic e c le r ic a l data a re based on wom en in the follow in g 18 jo b s : B ille r s , m achine (billin g m ach in e); bookkeepin gm achine o p e ra to rs , c la s s A and B; C om ptom eter o p e ra to rs; c le r k s , file , c la s s A and B; c le r k s , o r d e r ; c le r k s , p a y ro ll; keypunch o p e ra to rs; o ffic e g ir ls ; s e c r e ta r ie s ; sten ograp h ers, gen eral; sw itchboard o p e ra to r s ; sw itch board o p e r a to r -r e c e p tio n is ts ; tabulating-m achine o p e ra to r s ; tra n scrib in g -m a ch in e o p e ra to rs , gen era l; and typists, c la ss A and B. The in du strial n urse data a re b a sed on w om en industrial n u rses. Men in the follow in g 10 sk ille d m aintenance jo b s and 3 unskilled jo b s w ere included in the plant w ork er data: Skilled-— ca rp en ters; e le c tr ic ia n s ; m a ch in ists; m ech a n ics; m ech a n ics, autom otive; m ill w righ ts; p a in ters; p ip e fitte rs; sh e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r s ; and to o l and die m a k ers; u nskilled — ja n ito rs , p o r te r s , and cle a n e rs; la b o r e r s , m a te r ia l handling; and watchm en. A vera g e w eekly sa la rie s or average hourly earnings w ere com puted fo r each of the selected occu p ation s. The average sa la rie s or h ou rly earnings w e re then m u ltiplied by the a v era g e o f 1953 and 1954 em ploym ent in the jo b . T hese w eighted earnings fo r individual occu p ation s w e re then totaled to obtain an a ggregate fo r each o ccu p a tional group. F in ally, the ra tio o f these crou p a ggrega tes fo r a giv^n y ea r to the aggregate fo r the b a se p e r io d (su rv e y month, w inter 1952—53) was com puted «and the re su lt m u ltiplied by the b a se y ea r index (100) to get the index fo r the given y e a r. S im ilar p ro ce d u re s w ere follow ed in com pilin g "p ercen ts of change" in a r6as not su rveyed during 1953. Adjustm ents have been m ade w h e re n e ce s s a ry to m aintain com p a ra b ility so that the y e a r -t o -y e a r com p a rison s a re based on the sam e industry and occupational cov era g e. F or exam ple, ra ilroa d s have been included in the cov e ra g e of the su rveys only sin ce July 1959. In com puting the indexes fo r the fir s t yea r in which ra ilroa d s w ere included, data relating to ra ilro a d s w ere excluded. Indexes fo r su b se quent y e a rs include data fo r ra ilro a d s. The indexes m easu re, p rin cip a lly, the effects of (1) general sa la ry and wage changes; (2) m e rit or other in cre a se s in pay re ceiv ed by individual w o rk e rs w hile in the sam e jo b ; and (3) changes in the labor fo r c e such as labor tu rn over, fo r c e expansions, fo r c e re d u c tions, and changes in the p rop ortion of w ork ers em ployed by estab lishm ents with d ifferen t pay le v e ls . Changes in the labor fo r c e can cau se in c r e a se s or d e cre a s e s in the occu pation al averages without actual wage changes. F or exam ple, a fo r c e expansion m ight in crea se the p ro p o rtio n o f low er paid w ork ers in a s p e cific occupation and r e sult in a d rop in the average, w h ereas a reduction in the p rop ortion o f low er paid w o rk e rs would have the opposite effect. The m ovem ent o f a high-paying establishm ent out of an area could cause the average earnings to d rop, even though no change in rates o ccu rre d in other a rea establishm ents. The use of constant em ploym ent weights elim inates the effects of changes in the p ro p ortion o f w o rk e rs rep resen ted in each job in cluded in the data. Nor a re the indexes influenced by changes in standard w ork schedules or in prem iu m pay fo r ov ertim e, sin ce they a re based on pay fo r straig h t-tim e h ours. Indexes fo r the p e rio d 1953 to I960 fo r w ork ers in 20 m ajor la b or m arkets w ill appear in BLS B ull. 1265-62, W ages and Related B enefits, 60 L abor M arkets, W inter 1959—60. O c c u p a t io n a l 4 E a r n in g s Table A-l. Office Occupations (A v e r a g e s tr a ig h t-tim e w eek ly hou rs and earn in gs f o r s e le cte d o ccu p a tio n s studied on an a r e a basis by in du stry d iv isio n , M em phis, Tenn. , January 1961) Aveba.uk Sex, o ccu p ation , and in du stry d iv isio n Number of workers N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S OF- 90 M en 44 C le r k s , accou n tin g, c la s s A -----------------M anufacturing ------------------------------------N onm anufacturing ------------------------------- 112 o O B ille r s , m achine (b illin g m achine) ------- $ 86.00 _ _ _ _ - 10 2 1 2 10 0 2 12 8 1 2 1 6 8 1 2 11 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 11 10 11 1 _ _ _ _ _ . . - - - . - _ _ 67 40. 0 40. 0 40. 5 19 06 1.0 .00 0 - C le r k s , accou n tin g, c la s s B ----------------M anufacturing ------------------------------------- 41 28 4 1 .5 42. 0 83.50 87.50 - C le r k s , o r d e r ___________________________ M anufacturing ----------------------------------N onm anufacturing -------- ------------------- 109 51 58 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 73.50 71.50 75.00 _ _ - - O ffic e boys ----------------------------------------------M anufacturing ------------------------------------- 56 34 40. 0 40. 0 52.00 49.50 _ T a b u la tin g-m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , c la s s A --------------------------------------------------- 48 40. 0 104.00 - T a b u la tin g-m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , c la s s B --------------------------------------------------N onm anufacturing ------------------------------- 46 32 3 9 .5 39. 0 83.00 81.00 - - - - - " - - B ille r s , m ach in e (b illin g m achine) -----M anufacturing ------------------------------------N onm anufacturing ------------------------------- 99 30 69 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 60.00 57.00 61.50 _ _ - - - - B ille r s , m ach in e (bookkeepin g m achine) ------------------------------------------------N onm anufacturing ------------------------------- 60 57 40. 0 40. 0 52.00 50.00 6 6 4 4 B ook k e e p in g-m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , c la s s B ----------------------------------- ------- — M anufacturing ------------------------------------N onm anufacturing ------------------------------- 226 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 54.00 59.50 52.50 C le r k s , accounting, c la s s A -----------------M anufacturing ________________________ N onm anufacturing ------------------------------- 157 53 104 4 0 .0 40. 0 40. 0 C le r k s , accou n tin g, c la s s B -----------------M anufacturing ------------ ------------------N onm anufacturing -------- ------------------- 558 160 398 C le r k s , file , c la s s A ----------------------------N onm anufacturing ____________________ 38 29 179 99.00 _ _ - ~ _ - W om en 29 2 66 100.00 110.00 120.00 100.00 110.00 120.00 S S $ S $ $ * $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Weekly Weekly 30. 00 35. 00 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 . 00 95.00 105.00 115.00 hours1 earnings1 and (Standard) (Standard) under “ ~ ~ " ~ ~ 105.00 115100 3 5 .0 0 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 over _ _ - - 13 - - - 76.00 82.50 72.50 _ _ _ - - - - - “ 3 9 .5 40. 0 3 9 .5 60.00 62.00 59.50 _ - 31 3 28 83 15 3 9 .5 39. 5 61.50 61.00 3 _ _ _ - _ _ 17 15 5 5 “ 14 14 - 3 17 _ _ _ 7 7 4 - - - - - - - - 4 4 5 4 4 “ 14 4 17 - 41 13 28 - - 7 7 4 4 " 21 2 2 - - _ - - - - - 9 9 - 1 1 2 2 - 70 13 57 4 - 72 62 55 16 17 7 49 16 - 4 119 38 81 75 16 59 4 3 19 19 28 4 24 84 31 53 18 9 9 - - 26 - 53 13 40 7 3 32 3 3 9 7 7 9 3 3 _ _ _ - - - - 7 5 4 4 3 6 3 3 3 4 _ _ _ - - - - 4 ~ 3 - - - - - 5 5 - 18 26 7 19 42 13 29 7 3 4 3 _ 9 1 1 1 1 8 1 6 8 1 1 - ~ 7 ~ 5 5 - 5 4 _ 7 - - _ _ - - - _ 3 - - - _ _ _ - - - 2 12 6 1 2 3 3 33 24 9 5 4 _ 4 - - - _ _ - - - " • 4 - _ - - _ _ - - - - - _ _ _ _ - - - - - _ - _ - _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ 6 2 2 8 1 1 1 2 1 1 6 11 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 5 - 7 - _ - - 7 - _ _ See foo tn o te s at end o f ta b le . N O T E: 1 1 1 12 1 1 8 2 8 6 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 _ - 3 3 ~ 16 30 4 4 - 9 _ _ 3 - 6 '11 6 6 2 10 6 10 6 10 2 6 10 10 8 2 10 10 2 68 12 0 2 2 2 2 2 28 23 7 16 * 34 13 2 20 10 2 1 11 21 1 1 1 1 12 1 2 1 10 1 8 _ 13 3 4 14 14 36 5 5 - - - - 1 1 - 2 2 10 1 10 0 1 10 0 _ - - [ _ - 19 1 1 8 _ - _ 10 E stim a te s f o r a ll in d u s trie s , nonm an ufacturing, and p u b lic u tilitie s in clu d e data f o r r a ilr o a d s (SIC 40), om itted fr o m the s c o p e o f all la b o r m a rk e t w age su r v e y s m ade b e fo r e July 1958. W here sign ifican t, the e ffe c t o f the in c lu s io n o f r a ilr o a d s is g r e a te s t on the data shown se p a ra te ly fo r the pu b lic u tilitie s d iv isio n . _ 2 1 1 1 1 - _ 5 T a b le A - l. O ffic e O ccu p a tb n s-C o n tin u e d (A v e ra g e s tr a ig h t-tim e w e e k ly h ours and earnings fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n s studied on an a rea b a sis by in du stry d iv isio n , M em ph is, Tenn. , January 1961) N UM BER OF WORKERS R E CEIVING STR A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y EAR NING S OF A verage S ex, occu p a tio n , and industry d iv isio n Number of workers Weekly, hours (Standard) $ Weekly , 3 0 . 0 0 earnings and (Standard) under 35. 00 $ 35. 00 $ 4 0 . 00 $ 4 5 . 00 $ 5 0 . 00 $ 55. 00 $ t S s $ $ $ % $ $ $ $ $ 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 6 0 . 00 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 4 0 .0 0 4 5 . 00 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 and 7 0 . 00 8 0 . 00 7 5 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 1 1 0 J 3 0 1 .1 5 ,0 0 1 2 Q .0 Q over 1 | C le r k s , o r d e r ___________________________ M anufacturin g ________________________ N onm anufacturing ------------------------------ 9 0 .0 0 ! W om en — Continued C le r k s , f il e , c la s s B ___________________ M anufacturing •_______________________ N onm anufacturing ------------------------------- 8 5 .0 0 250 40. 0 38 40. 0 50. 00 212 40. 0 52. 00 $ 5 1 . 50 4 12 2 - 4 11 - 6 9 56 - - - 1 - - - - - - - 4 8 11 8 10 6 1 4 - 2 - - - - 28 - 1 4 - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - 41 33 28 8 j 10 2 65 n r^ 37 37 — 4 44 4 4 8 I 40. 0 6 4 .0 0 _ - 9 41 35 31 3 2 3 40. 0 6 4 . 50 - - 10 - 3 64 1 9 12 16 4 14 3 2 2 1 - 107 40. 0 6 4 . 00 - - 10 2 - 29 19 24 17 " - 1 1 - - 4 C le r k s , p a y r o ll __________________________ M anufacturin g ________________________ N onm anufacturing ____________________ 211 40. 0 7 - 6 - 26 17 37 25 22 13 11 5 2 3 16 8 5 12 4 1 2 1 - 1 7 6 9 8 23 6 3 . 00 9 17 1 - 116 5 12 11 - 7 39. 5 40. 0 1 - 17 95 6 5 . 50 6 8 . 50 14 9 14 11 2 1 7 4 " 2 - 1 C om p tom eter o p e r a to r s ------------------------M anufacturin g _______________________ N onm anufacturing ____________________ 235 39. 5 5 - 17 - 21 - 54 - 24 5 5 - - - - 3 12 2 1 1 - 5 1 11 - 16 4 29 2 6 39. 5 4 0 .0 3 - 33 30 6 0 . 00 8 0 . 00 5 - - - - 5 7 . 50 3 5 17 21 54 29 23 27 11 3 4 3 4 1 - " - " ■ 59. 00 5 9 .0 0 . _ . 1 18 1 _ _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - " 9 5 5 - 3 - 18 1 - - - 1 - - " - - " - 6 3 . 50 _ _ 18 6 20 24 43 8 6 12 5 - _ . - _ - 1 1 3 6 7 6 5 6 9 5 4 - 9 4 2 2 - - - - - - 17 5 17 18 36 5 2 1 6 4 2 3 - - - 19 15 14 17 14 22 22 14 13 2 _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 - ' - - " - - - - - " 32 1 30 54 66 35 86 59 26 67 31 65 22 14 23 24 9 5 8 5 36 15 1 3 9 5 9 19 2 9 5 4 4 3 33 29 36 7 6 " 4 - 46 92 23 23 44 16 2 5 7 D u p lica tin g-m a ch in e o p e r a to r s (M im eog ra p h o r D itto) ________________ N onm anufacturing ____________________ 171 205 37 40. 0 28 40. 0 164 K eypunch o p e r a to r s _____________________ M anufacturing _______________________ N onm anufacturing ____________________ 48 39. 0 40. 0 116 39. 0 7 1 . 50 6 0 . 00 O ffic e g ir ls ______________________________ N onm anufacturing ____________________ 89 74 40. 0 5 1 . 50 _ 1 40. 0 52. 00 - 1 S e c r e t a r ie s _______________________________ M anufacturin g ------------------------------------N onm anufacturing ----------------------------P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 __________________ 613 39. 5 40. 0 7 4 . 50 _ _ 7 5 . 50 - 6 31 7 23 33 7 3 . 50 - 6 - 9 1 . 00 - - - - - - 31 1 S ten og ra p h ers, ge n e ra l _________________ M anufacturing ________________________ N onm anufacturing ____________________ P u b lic u tilitie s 3 ___________________ 493 39. 5 6 6 . 50 _ _ 55 39. 5 - - 6 - 60 215 27 51 10 60 38 28 2 41 4 22 2 S w itchboa rd o p e r a to r s __________________ M anufacturing ------------------------------------N onm anufacturing ____________________ 6 2 S w itchboa rd o p e r a t o r -r e c e p t io n is t s ___ M anufacturing ------------------------------------N onm anufacturing ____________________ T a b u latin g-m ach in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B _________________________________ T r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g en era l _________________________________ M anufacturin g ________________________ N onm anufacturing ____________________ 248 365 46 39. 5 40. 0 8 21 29 57 - 5 45 16 5 17 2 29 6 34 37 10 15 11 16 21 9 1 13 5 48 19 15 2 6 5 6 4 - - 6 14 12 5 4 - _ _ _ - - - - - - 278 39. 0 6 46 39. 5 8 1 . 00 - - - - 134 41. 5 14 - 32 - 7 - 8 7 3 4 5 3 5 1 1 - - 108 39. 5 41. 5 33 - 12 26 4 7 . 50 64. 00 4 3 . 50 33 14 32 7 4 4 4 3 2 - - 4 - - 177 40. 0 6 1 . 00 _ _ 31 33 32 25 20 2 12 1 7 _ 3 - 6 10 8 16 8 2 25 23 24 9 12 2 5 5 1 72 23 63 40. 0 6 3 . 00 - - 114 40. 0 6 0 . 00 - - 4 26 38. 5 6 8 . 00 _ _ 247 40. 0 5 9 . 50 - - 57 40. 0 55. 00 190 40. 0 6 0 . 50 _ 3 1 2 ' 3 18 - - - - _ - _ - 1 - - - - - 1 - - _ - _ - 8 1 3 - 1 7 - - - 4 " 4 - 2 7 - - 4 5 1 _ . . _ . _ . - - 2 - 1 - 2 - - - - - 2 1 2 38 30 56 6 32 29 1 10 8 1 2 2 - 46 64 22 16 2 1 - i See footn otes at end o f table, 1 - 9 51 4 - _ - 6 9 . 50 6 4 . 50 • - 6 T ab le A-1. O ffic e O ccup ation s-C on tin ued (A v e ra g e s tr a ig h t-tim e w eek ly hours and e a rn in gs f o r s e le c t e d occu p a tio n s studied on an a re a b a s is by in du stry d iv isio n , M em phis, Tenn. , January 1961) Average Sex, o ccu p a tio n , and in d u stry d iv isio n Number of workers N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S O F— 1$ $ s $ s $ $ $ $ $ $ 1$ $ $ $ $ I1$ $ 5 Weekly Weekly 30. 00 35. 00 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00! 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00| 110.00jll5.00 120.00 hours 1 earnings 1 and (Standard) (Standard) under and “ " “ “ " " " " - I 1 35. 00 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 7 5. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 1 00 .00 105.00 TlfLOO 115.001120.00 o v e r W om en— Continued T y p ists, c la s s A _________________________ M anufacturing ________________________ N onm anufacturing ____________________ 169 36 133 40. 0 $ 6 3 . 00 74. 00 40. 0 40. 0 59. 50 T y p ists, c la s s B __________________________ M anufacturing ---------------------------------------N onm anufacturing --------------------------------- 442 87 355 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 49. 00 52. 50 48. 50 - - - - _ - 5 - 5 _ - 2 2 - - 54 6 48 14 5 9 60 3 57 16 2 14 1 1 4 3 1 - 101 15 86 151 17 134 120 29 91 32 4 28 17 12 5 5 4 1 6 6 2 _ - - 2 9 9 " 5 5 - 3 3 1 2 - - _ - 1 2 - ! - 1 ! ! _ _ _ _ 1 1 - _ _ - _ . _ _ _ _ 1________ 1 Standard hou rs r e fle c t the w ork w eek fo r w hich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th eir r e g u la r s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s and the earnings c o r r e s p o n d to these w eek ly h ou rs. 2 W o rk e rs w e re d istrib u te d as fo llo w s : 17 at $ 120 to $ 125; 5 at $ 125 to $ 130; 5 at $ 130 to $ 135; 4 at $ 135 to $ 140; 2 at $ 140 and o v e r . 3 T ra n sp o rta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , and o th er pub lic u tilitie s . T a b le A -2. Professional and Techn ical O ccupations (A v e ra g e s tr a ig h t-tim e w ee k ly h ours and e arn in gs fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n s studied on an a re a b a sis by in d u stry d iv isio n , M em phis, Tenn. , January 1961) Average Sex, occu p a tion , and in d u stry d iv isio n Number of workers N U M B E R OF W ORKERS RE CE IV ING STR A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E AR NING S OF— $ Weekly Weekly 6 0 . 0 0 hours 1 earnings 1 and (Standard) (Standard) under 6 5 . 00 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 65 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 80 . 00 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 - - - - - - 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 9 5 . 00 $ $ S 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 - - 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 $ S $ $ S * S s 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 - - - - 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 - - liP.OQ - 1 3 5 , 0 0 - - - 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 and over M en $ 1 1 5 .0 0 _ 2 _ _ _ 5 6 3 1 1 6 .5 0 - - - - - 5 6 - 7 8 .5 0 8 0 .5 0 24 6 17 11 5 1 40. 0 6 17 11 5 1 _ 3 9 .5 8 7 .0 0 - 4 1 5 4 4 1 4 D ra ftsm en , s e n io r ---------------------------------M anufacturing ------------------------------------- 56 40. 0 48 3 9 .5 D ra ftsm en , ju n io r -----------------------------------MarNlf^otiiring ............ 53 40. 0 49 29 _ 1 _ 1 2 1 - - - 2 2 10 10 3 1 1 _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 - _ - - - - - 7 7 3 3 10 10 1 1 2 1 1 _ - 1 2 1 4 1 1 - 3 3 W om en N u rs e s, in d u stria l (re g is t e r e d ) ------------ 1 Standard h ou rs r e fle c t the w o rk w eek fo r w hich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th e ir re g u la r s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s and the e a rn in gs c o r r e s p o n d to th ese w eek ly h ou rs. 2 Includes 2 w o rk e rs at $ 5 0 to $ 5 5 . NOTE: See note on p. 4 , re la tiv e to the in c lu s io n o f r a ilr o a d s . 7 Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for m en in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, M em phis, Tenn. , January 1961) NUM BER OF W ORKERS RECEIVING STR AIGH T-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation and industry division Number of workers •S S Under 1 .0 0 1. 10 earnings1 $ and under 1. 00 _1,J0_ 1 .2 0 Average C arpenters, maintenance ---------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------- 96 53 43 $ 2 . 30 2. 24 2. 36 E le ctrician s, maintenance -------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------- 151 137 2. 78 2. 85 Engineers, stationary ---------------------------Manufacturing -------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------- 118 67 51 2. 48 2. 62 2. 28 F irem en , stationary boiler -----------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------ 162 132 30 1. 53 1 .4 6 1 .8 1 H elpers, tra d e s, maintenance ------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------PnKIj r 213 125 88 51 1. 1. 1. 1. M achin ists, maintenance ---------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------- 143 130 2. 74 2. 75 M echanics, automotive (maintenance) ---------------------------------------Manufacturing -------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------Tj 1-j t *c ^ 72 71 74 - " - 1. 30 40. J ,50.. .-L-60. 1, 70 _ L 80_ ..1,20. .2 ,0 0 .. 2. 10 _2. 20 .2 . 30. 2 ,4 0 . 2 ,5 0 - - - 2. 2. 2. 2. I 6 6 - ! - 2 - 4 4 _ - 2 2 - 5 5 3 - - 7 2 5 45 45 4 4 - 39 39 - 12 2 12 6 5 1 30 12 18 18 - - - 92 47 09 59 65 _ - 3 - _ - - ! 9 t 2 - | 444 108 336 293 13 8 5 _ I I ! - 3 - - - - i ! - - - - 4 - 4 4 7 7 _ _ - - 1 1 _ 5 5 4 4 5 5 2 _ - - 2 _ _ - O ilers -------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------- 67 63 2. 08 2. 15 P ainters, maintenance --------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------- 68 30 38 2. 11 2. 44 1. 84 P ip efitters, maintenance ---------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------- 62 62 2. 98 2. 98 T ool and die m akers ------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------- 57 57 2. 99 2. 99 - _ 3 3 _ - 1 - 4 4 - 5 5 See note on p. 4 , relative to the inclusion of railroad s. 3. 10 3. 20 9 2 1! 4 4 - i > 7 7 i i 2 i 2 1 1 i I - ! j 1 ; | 4 3 1 i 1 j 3 3 - 6 5 1 - 2 2 , ; 3 3 1 ! - ; 1 3 3 64 60 - 4 _ j - 7 7 - _ - ; _ - 3 - ! 1 3 1 ! 1 1 ! 1 ; ; 4 - i 3 3 4 1 8 6 5 10 9 1 7 7 ! 12 1 3 : 5 9 ! _ - 4 4 ! 13 13 j _ - ' | 23 6 17 14 _ - 9 - 3 3 9 65 21 2 19 14 13 61 ! 40 ! 21 1 i . - 1_ L _ j j 1 1 6 1 1 i i - 7 6 1 7 4 3 5 4 1 _ - _ - . - 9 !1 - - 9 ! 7 5 2 10 7 3 18 4 14 9 12 10 2 1 3 3 4 4 11 7 7 19 17 2 11 11 - 24 24 - - 2 2 4 4 - 7 6 1 3 3 - 5 3 2 1 54 39 15 22 15 7 1 1 1 17 12 5 26 21 5 33 31 2 29 29 - 26 26 - 76 76 - 43 43 - 24 24 1 1 9 9 . 8 8 1 1 7 7 4 4 1 1 3 3 _ _ _ - - 1 1 6 6 _ 2 2 1 1 4 3 1 1 - - - _ _ _ _ - i ! ! 3 j ! 11 I _ i - | 5 ! ! ! 1 ! i 8 7 i | ! 2 16 15 1 2 2 j l 1 1 ! ! - Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 5 at $ 0. 80 to $ 0. 90; 7 at $ C. 90 to $ 1. Transportation, communication, and other public u tilities. A ll w orkers w ere at $ 3. 40 to $ 3. 50. N O TE : ! 1 i ! 8 8^ 8 3 5 , - 1 1 - ! 1 i 7 i 6 - ! | l i ---------- 1 ---------' ! " 1 i J_______1_______ 1 2 3 4 1 I 2 ,6 0 J.2 ,7 0 . 2. 80. 2. 90 3. 00 s i 2. 60 1 2. 70 2 1 1---------[ " 1 1 - 3. 00 50 i “ j j i 8 8 2 2 I 4 ! 61 61 $ $ S $ 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3. 40 and 9 ‘ 8 1 1 ! _ | “ 3. 30 3. 40 over 6 5 1 12 4 8 2 2 _ - 29 29 - 1 1 4 1 3 10 10 - 6 4 2 _ - _ - _ - _ - j _ - - - - - - - - - 19 19 17 7 1 1 - 3 3 52 52 - - - 4 15 15 i 11 4 7 7 1 6 67 67 65 134 '7 127 1 27 9 9 11 11 - _ - _ - _ - _ - 40 40 - 3 1 2 20 19 1 42 42 - - 113 113 - 3 3 - 18 18 - 1 1 - 1 1 - 2 2 9 9 3 3 10 10 - 32 32 - 27 27 - - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - 18 18 _ - 11 11 1 _ _ _ _ - - - - - 9 9 ~ 6 5 1 8 8 _ - 1 1 2 2 42 42 _ 12 12 9 9 6 13 5 8 [ . 2. 72 2. 72 $ 2. 80 1 2. 90 2. 40 Y 15 12 - _ 116 116 - S 2. 20 ^2. 30 13 4 9 j 1 1 _ M illw rights ----------------------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------- - - 2. 10 i - 2 2 - 2. 43 2. 45 2. 22 - $ 2. 00 i 2 ! 2 2 - 583 547 36 - 1 .9 0 l M echanics, maintenance -----------------------Manufacturing -------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------ - I 1 .8 0 19 1 16 3 6 3 3 u <L _j 5 1 _ - 7 2 5 i i 2 1 1 _ _ - H 1. 20 $ $ S $ 30 1 .4 0 1. 50 1. 60 1. 70 4 4 1 1 4 4 _ - 1 1 - ! 2 2 . - ' - 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ - - - 2 2 _ 2 2 21 21 2 2 j - - 3 3 - - _ - _ - . - - - - 4 27 27 8 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry d ivision, M em p his, Tenn. , January 1961) XUMBKit OFWORKERSRECEIVINGSTRAIGHT-TIMEHOURLYEARNINGSOF— Number of S S Average hourly . 0. 30 0 .4 0 0. 50 earnings* and inder .4 0 . 60 . 50 0 . 60 . 70 •S 0. 70 0 . 80 $ 0. 90 1. 00 1. 10 s 1. 20 . 80 __.3P 1. 00 1. 10 1. 20 1. 30 "l. s s s 3 1 .4 0 1 . 50 1. 60 1 .7 0 1. 80 *1. 90 30 1 .4 0 1. 50 1. 60 _1_._70_ -I J W . 1. 90 ; E levator op erators, passenger (men) ____________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ 45 41 $ 0. 77 . 75 15 15 2 2 6 6 6 6 - - Elevator op erators, p assenger (women) _________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ 125 125 . 72 . 72 18 18 4 4 11 11 10 10 10 10 50 50 Guards _ Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing 110 83 27 2. 22 2. 26 2. 11 - - - - - - _ _ J anitors, p o r te r s, and cleaners (men) ____________________________________ Manufacturing ________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ Public utilities 3 __________________ J anitors, p o r te r s, and cleaners (women) _________________________________ Manufacturing ________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ Public u tilitie s3 1 1 4 5 5 3 3 - 8 5 3 - j 1 1 ,0 7 7 422 655 100 352 92 260 30 1. 1. 1. 1. . 1. . 1. 24 53 05 54 90 31 75 27 ' - 26 26 " 23 23 “ 65 65 67 67 _ 38 38 _ 6 285 - 1 44 241 6 17 ■ 104 74 30 5 - - - 12 ! 12 - 4 4 - 2 2 - 34 21 13 20 20 - 2 2 - 1 1 ' 2. 80 - i - I i 8 - 8 ! i 1 " I ! - _ 6 5 1 1 i 1 ii li 5 5 3 ! - : 3 ' 57 136 j 21 i 99 1 36 j 37 ! 33 4 47 32 1 15 “ 10 9 1 " 21 1 " - 2 2 - 6 6 - 82 79 3 - 186 106 80 - 312 300 12 - 115 83 32 - 42 22 20 44 23 21 ,| 2 " 1 1 ! i - 1 1 32 13 19 19 12 6 6 5 42 40 2 ■ 14 13 1 " ' 5 5 5 " ' - 4 4 4 1 1 " 10 10 - 1 1 - - - - - ~ 6 2 4 2 2 - 92 54 38 38 3 3 - 7 7 - 59 58 1 - 144 144 144 12 12 12 1 1 - 9 9 - - - 79 7 72 5 5 - _ - . - 22 22 - 6 ! 6 ■ 1 2 2 408 218 190 34 - " _ - . - - 133 17 116 50 19 31 28 3 ; 25 63 12 51 147 32 115 64 12 52 30 30 17 17 11 11 39 39 4 4 2 2 - 1 1 - 9 9 - - 73 30 43 25 9 16 25 2 23 15 8 7 88 12 76 46 10 36 17 12 5 20 20 30 28 2 4 4 " - - 19 19 “ 9 9 - 50 50 2 2 - - - 12 12 - 22 6 16 41 11 30 3 3 15 2 13 12 1 11 13 4 ! 9 8 6 2 5 2 3 6 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 - 10 2 8 1 1 2 2 - 1 1 - - 5 3 2 - 27 27 18 17 1 27 22 5 16 7 9 14 1 13 4 4 " 17 4 13 4 4 - 3 3 ■ 6 6 ' 5 2 3 2 2 ’ 2 2 ~ 1 1 - - 9 9 " 12 5 7 20 11 9 " 10 10 17 17 ‘ 11 11 ‘ 19 15 4 4 4 " 3 2 1 20 1 19 5 4 1 10 2 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 70 22 48 44 9 35 63 25 38 370 306 64 128 110 18 34 34 - 5 5 - 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 3 - 70 70 50 3 47 5 35 34 1 80 22 58 743 743 743 - - 6 6 - _ - _ - _ - 63 59 4 - 27 7 20 15 704 141 563 1. 57 1. 80 1. 51 _ - P a c k e rs, shipping _______________________ Manufacturing ------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ____________________ 436 157 279 1. 63 1. 76 1. 55 - - - 1 1 Receiving clerk s ________________________ Manufacturing ________________________ Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------- 167 43 124 1. 64 1 .8 3 1. 57 - - _ . - 6 - 1 3 13 - - " 6 - 1 3 13 Shipping clerk s _______________________ __ Manufacturing _________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ 156 83 73 1. 85 1. 90 1 .8 0 Shipping and receiving clerk s _________ Manufacturing _________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ 150 91 59 1. 94 1. 84 2. 08 . _ - - T ru ck d rivers 5 Manufacturing _ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ Public u tilitie s 3 . _ 2 ,0 4 8 627 1 ,4 2 1 749 1. 1. 2. 2. _ - _ - - 276 ! 132 141 i 37 | 95 ! 135 2 - 5 5 _ - - - 2. 50 8 8 - 1 1 - 61 8 53 10 Order fille r s Manufacturing ________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ 96 61 11 67 over 2 .4 0 4 4 - 2 2 - - 2. 70 2. 30 - 2 2 - 2. 60 2. 20 " 15 15 - - $ 2. 80 and - 107 107 - 1. 50 1 .4 8 1. 53 2. 27 - 1 1 I 2 . 10 2. 60 *2. 70 - 48 48 - 1 ,9 5 5 1, 145 810 230 - 34 16 18 ' 9 47 30 17 3 s ! S 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 *2. 40 "2. 50 j ! L a b o r e rs, m aterial handling __________ Manufacturing _________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ Public u tilitie s3 __________________ . - - 4 - - - 4 j 1 1 8 8 16 16 i j - ' 1 I . - See footnotes at end of table, - 4 4 13 13 ~ ; i - 2 .0 0 o o Occupation 1 and industry division - - | 22 188 ! n s - ! 7 H -4 T 22 181 69 1 J 1 2 1 ! 1 1 1 3 3 ' | - * - 9 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations-Continued (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, M em phis, Term ., January 1961) NUMBKll Occupation1 and industry division Number of workers Average hourly earnings2 8 8 8 0. 30 0. 40 0. 50 0. 60 and under . 40 . 60 . 50 . 70 8 $ 0. 70 0. 80 0 . 9 0 of workers receiving straight -time hourly earnings of— 1 .0 0 8 $ 8 s 1. 10 1 .2 0 1 . 3 0 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 °1 ’ 7 0 1. 10 1 .2 0 ..1,_30_ 1,4 0_ 1 .5 0 242 30 212 $ 1. 35 1. 58 1. 32 _ - - " Tru ck d rivers, medium ( I V 2 to and including 4 tons) -------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------Public utilities 3 ------------------------ 736 240 496 260 1 .8 5 1. 67 1 .9 4 2. 66 - - - Tru ck d rivers, heavy (over 4 tons, tra iler type) --------------------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------ -----Nonmanufacturing -------------------------Public utilities 3 ------------------------ 452 57 395 160 2. 1. 2. 2. T ru ck ers, power (forklift) --------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------- 605 327 278 1 .5 7 1. 76 1. 35 T ru ck ers, power (other than forklift) ---------------------------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------- 128 95 2. 13 2. 41 Watchmen --------------------------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------K1^ fi dc ^ 258 133 125 70 1 .0 7 1. 14 1. 00 1 .0 8 .9 0 1 .0 0 1 .6 0 - 1 1 4 4 7 7 _ 4 4 9 9 20 20 35 1 34 56 7 49 1 1 “ 5 5 2 2 111 6 105 45 25 20 59 19 40 !i 33 1 3 30 i 1. 70 JL80J 9 7 2 61 1 60 18 8 8 S' 8 $ 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2 .4 0 2. 50 2. 60 1 1 - 1 1 “ " - 1 1 - 3 3 - - - 1 1 1 4 4 4 30 30 - 20 18 2 - - - - - 70 70 45 3 42 5 4 1 46 11 35 _ 10 8 2 8 3 5 _ - 29 29 _ 2. 70 2 .8 0 and over 36 12 24 93 93 1 29 ! 29 i - 9 9 18 i i 10 10 - _ - - ~ 255 255 255 - - 56 56 160 160 160 - 12 2 10 52 52 - - 4 4 - 16 16 - 1 1 - 7 7 29 29 12 12 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 23 76 30 67 ! | i 1 i - 5 5 - I ! i - - - - - - - - 42 - - - - - - - - 42 - 10 2 8 - 12 12 4 4 23 23 - 25 25 - _ - . . - _ - _ _ - _ - - - - - - - - 209 38 171 28 28 55 55 - 22 9 13 14 12 2 39 39 - 26 26 - 34 26 8 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - “ 9 9 8 1 _ _ _ _ - 2 2 _ - - - - - - - - 24 - " - - - - " - - - _ 8 8 _ _ - - 3 3 11 11 13 13 119 49 70 57 68 58 10 6 - 8 6 2 2 24 18 6 5 ; 2 - 1 1 1 i_______ See note on p. 4 , 2. 30 | . 80 Data lim ited to men w orkers except w here otherw ise indicated. Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Transportation, communication, and other public u tilitie s. W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 2 at $ 3. 10 to $ 3. 20; 2 at $ 3. 20 to $ 3. 30; 14 at $ 3. 30 to $ 3. 40; 4 at $ 3. 40 to $ 3. 50. Includes all d rivers regard less of size and type of truck operated. N O TE : 8 8 $ $ 1 .9 0 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 1 I Truckd r iv ers:5— Continued Tru ck d rivers, light (under 1V 2 tons) -------------------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------- 1 2 3 4 5 1 .8 0 relative to the inclusion of railroad s. 1 1 - 30 30 " - - " - - _ 11 A ppendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in classifyin g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. O F F IC E B IL L E R , MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE O P E R A TO R Prepares statements, b ills, and invoices on a machine other thaa an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerica l work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are cla ssified by type of machine, as follow s: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. B iller , machine (billing machine)— U ses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, e tc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry ot necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Biller , machine (bookkeeping machine) — Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare custom ers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers* ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform an<J standard types of sales and credit slip s. C lass A — Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge o f and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. C lass B — Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type o f billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or a ssist in preparation o f trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. C L E R K , ACCOUNTING C la ss A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more section s o f a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase o f an establish ment's business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 12 CLERK, ACCOUNTING— Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper a c counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocation s. May a ssist in preparing, ad justing and closin g journal entries; may direct cla ss B accounting clerks. Class B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or a c counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine account ing work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the n e ce s sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers’ earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and a ssist paymaster in making up and distribut ing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. CLERK, FILE Class A — In an established filing system containing a num ber of varied subject matter file s , cla ss ifie s and indexes corres pondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or may super vise others in filing and locating material in the file s . May per form incidental clerical duties. Class B — Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been cla ssified or which is easily identifiable, or locates or a ssists in locating material in file s . May perform incidental clerica l duties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives custom ers'orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled . May check with credit department to determine credit rating o f customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check ship ping invoices with original orders. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi b ilities, reproduces multiple cop ies o f typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare sten cil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi b ilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a sp ecified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written in formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de vice attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, op erating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerica l work. 13 SECRETARY TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an ad ministrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into office ; answering and making phone ca lls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in or der, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work (see transcribing-machine operator). STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scien tific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work . SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or o ffice ca lls . May record toll ca lls and take m essages. May give information to per sons who ca ll in, or occasion ally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single p o si tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerica l work may take the major part of this worker’ s time while at switchboard. Class A — Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical a c counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without clo se supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations andday-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. Class B — Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical a c counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under sp e cific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. Class C— Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with sp e cific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs, or re petitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May a lso type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is cla ssified as a stenographer, general. 14 TYPIST TYPIST— Continued Uses a typewriter to make cop ies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in clude typing of ste n cils , mats, or similar materials for use in duplicat ing processes. May do clerica l work involving little specia l training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. Class A — Performs one or more o f the following: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc- tuation, e tc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circum stances. Class B — Performs one or more o f the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance p o licie s, etc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tables already set up and spaced properly. P R O F E S S IO N A L AND T E C H N I C A L DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problems. May a ssist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad ministrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying com pleted work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specification s; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specification s. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combina tion o f the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of em ployees' injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR TRACER Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur poses. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing work ing plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-section s, e tc., to sca le by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those Copies plans and drawings prepared by others,by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. 15 M A IN T E N A N C E D PO W ERPLA N T CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casin gs, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials n ec essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a ssist in repairing boilerroom equipment. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specification s; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may a lso supervise the operation o f stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, motors > turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded . HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing sp e cific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are a lso performed by workers on a full-time basis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items reauiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety or pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and sp ecifica tion s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and 16 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued MILLWRIGHT— Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to clo se toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into me chanical equipment. In general, the machinist's work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. are required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specification s; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill wright's work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an e s tablishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassem bling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechan ica l equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d is mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specification s for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. M ILLW RIG H T Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layour OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types o f paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils , white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or con sistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipe fittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specification s; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow , and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications* In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating system s are excluded . 17 TOOL AND DIE MAKER PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specification s; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Diemaker; jig maker; toolmaker; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specification s; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions o f work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to clo s e tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tion . C U S T O D IA L AND M A T E R IA L M O V EM EN T ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f employees and other persons entering. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the follow ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or 18 LA B O R E R , M ATERIAL HANDLING— Continued SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C L E R K — Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting d e v ice s; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. , Longshoremen who load and unload ships are excluded . ORDER F IL L E R For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssifie d as follow s: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TR U CK D R IV ER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slip s, customers’ orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers* houses or places of business. May a lso load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded . PA C K E R , SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the sp e cific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number o f units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closin g and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded . SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, in v oices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de partments; maintaining necessary records and file s . For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are cla ssified by size and type o f equipment, as follow s: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis o f trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination o f sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1% tons) Truckdriver, medium (V/i to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TR U CK ER , POWER Operates a manually controlled ga soline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified by type of truck, as follow s: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. 'fc U.s. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1961 0 — 587084 Occupational Wage Surveys Occupational wage surveys will be conducted in the 82 major labor markets listed below during late I960 and early 1961. Bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington 25> D.C., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover. A summary bulletin containing data for 80 labor markets, combined with additional analysis, will be issued early in 1962. A k ro n , O h io — B u ll. 1285N .Y .— B u l l . 1285B u l l . 1285- A l b a n y —S c h e n e c t a d y —T r o y , A lb u q u e rq u e , N. M e x .— A l l e n t o w n —B e t h l e h e m —E a s t o n , P a .-N .J .— Bull. 1285Atlanta, Ga.— Bull. 1285Baltimore, Md.— Bull. 1285- 34 Beaumont—Port Arthur, T ex .— Bull. 1285Birmingham, A la.— Bull. 1285“ Boise, Idaho— Bull. 1285Boston, Mass.— Bull. 1285-15 Buffalo, N .Y .— Bull. 1285-31 Burlington, Vt.—- Bull. 1285Canton, Ohio— Bull. 1285-29 Charleston, W . Va.— Bull. 1285Charlotte, N .C.— Bull. 1285❖ ❖ Chattanooga, Tenn.—Ga.— Bull. 1285-14 Chicago, 111.— Bull. 1285C i n c i n n a t i , O h i o —K y . — B u l l . 12851285-11 C o l u m b u s , O h i o — B u l l . 1285-38 * * D a l l a s , T e x . — B u l l . 1285-21 ❖ ❖ C le v e la n d , O h io — B u ll. *❖ D a v e n p o r t —R o c k I s l a n d —M o l i n e , I o w a —111.— Bull. 1285-16 1285*41 D e n v e r , C o l o . — B u l l . 1285-27 D e s M o i n e s , I o w a — B u l l . 1285* D e t r o i t , M i c h . — B u l l . 1285-37 * * F o r t W o r th , T e x . — B u l l . 1285-23 D a y to n , O h io — B u l l . * Green Bay, Wis.— Bull. 1285-2 Greenville, S.C .— Bull. 1285Houston, T ex.— Bull. 1285Indianapolis, Ind.— Bull. 1285-28 Jackson, M iss.— Bull. 1285Jacksonville, F la.— Bull. 1285-30 * Kansas City, Mo.—Kans.— Bull. 1285-18 Lawrence—Haverhill, Mass.—N.H.— Bull. 1285* * Little Rock—North Little Rock, Ark.— Bull. 1285-6 Los Angeles—Long Beach, C alif.— Bull. 1285Louisville, Ky.—Ind.— Bull. 1285Lubbock, T ex.— Bull. 1285* Manchester, N.H.— Bull. 1285-1 Memphis, Tenn.— Bull. 1285-35 Miami, F la.— Bull. 1285-33 Milwaukee, Wis.— Bull. 1285* Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn.— Bull. 1285-39 Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich.— Bull. 1285Newark and Jersey City, N .J.— Bull. 1285-40 New Haven, Conn.— Bull. 1285New Orleans, L a .— Bull. 1285New York, N .Y .— Bull. 1285Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, Va.— Bull. 1285❖ ❖ Oklahoma City, Okla.— Bull. 1285*3 ❖ ❖ Omaha, Nebr.—Iowa— Bull. 1285-13 Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N .J.— Bull. 1285❖ ❖ Philadelphia, P a.— Bull. 1285-24 Phoenix, Ariz.— Bull. 1285- Pittsburgh, P a.— Bull. 1285❖ Portland, Maine— Bull. 1285-19 Portland, Oreg.—Wash.— Bull. 1285Providence—Pawtucket, R .I.—M ass.— Bull. 1285’ ❖ ❖ Raleigh, N .C .— Bull. 1285-5 Richmond, V a .— Bull. 1285-26 Rockford, 111.— Bull. 1285❖ ❖ St. Louis, Mo.—111.— Bull. 1285-10 Salt Lake City, Utah— Bull. 1285-32 San Antonio, Tex.— Bull. 1285❖ San Bernardino—Riverside—Ontario, C alif.— Bull. 1285-4 San Francisco—Oakland, C alif.— Bull. 1285*36 Savannah, Ga.— Bull. 1285❖ ❖ Scranton, Pa.— Bull. 1285-8 ❖ ❖ Seattle, Wash.— Bull. 1285-7 ❖ ❖ ❖ Sioux Falls, S. Dak.— Bull. 1285- 17 South Bend, Ind.— Bull. 1285“ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ Spokane, Wash.— Bull. 1285Toledo, Ohio— Bull. 1285Trenton, N .J.— Bull. 1285-25 Washington, D .C .-M d .-V a .— Bull. 1285-22 Waterbury, Conn.— Bull. 1285“ Waterloo, Iowa— Bull. 1285*20 Wichita, Kans.— Bull. 1285-9 Wilmington, D el.—N .J.— Bull. 1285-12 Worcester, Mass.— Bull. 1285* York, Pa.— Bull. 1285- An asterisk preceding a labor market in d ica tes the a v a ila b ility and price of the bu lletin . P le a s e do not order c o p ie s in advance. ❖ ** *** Price, 20 cents. Price, 25 cents. Price, 15 cents.
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