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Occupational Wage Survey M E M P H I S , T E N N E S S E E FEBR U A R Y 1956 B L S B u lle tin No. 1 1 8 8 -1 2 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan CIoqu*, Commbsiowr O c c u p a t i o n a l W a g e S u r v e y M E M P H IS , T E N N E S S E E F E BR U A R Y 1956 Bulletin N c. 1188-12 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clagua, Commissioner M a y 1956 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C Price 25 cents Contents Page 1 3 Introduction__________________________________ W a g e trends for selected occupational groups Tables: 1: Establishments and w o r k e r s within scope of survey ___________________________________________ 2: Indexes of standard w e e k l y salaries for office clerical and average straight-time hourly earnings for selected plant occupational groups, an d percent of increase for selected periods _______________________________________________________________________ ____ 2 3 A: Occupational earnings * A - 1: Office oc c u p a t i o n s _______________________________________________________________________ A - 2: Professional and technical occupations _________________________________________________ A - 3: M a i n tenance and powerplant occupations ________________________________________________ A - 4: Custodial and m a t e r i a l - m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t i o n s __________________________________________ 5 7 8 9 B: E s t a b l ishment practices and sup p l e m e n t a r y w a g e provisions * B -1: Shift differential provisions _____________________________________________________________ B -2: M i n i m u m entrance rates for w o m e n office w o r k e r s _____________________________________ B-3: Scheduled w e ekly h o u r s ____________________________________________________________ ______ B-4 : P a i d holidays ____________________________________________________________________________ B-5: P a i d v a c a t i o n s ___________________________________________________________________________ B -6: Health, insurance, and pension plans ___________________________________________________ 11 12 13 13 14 16 Appendix: Job descriptions_____________________________________________________________ i._________________ * N O T E : Similar tabulations for m o s t of these items are available in the M e m p h i s a r e a r e ports for N o v e m b e r 1951, January 1953, J a n u a r y 1954, an d F e b r u a r y 1955. T h e 1954 report also provides tabulations of w a g e structure characteristics, l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t s , a n d o v e r t i m e pa y provisions. T h e 1955 report also includes data on frequency of w a g e p a y ments, a n d p a y provisions for holidays falling on non w o r k d a y s . A directory indicating date of study a n d the price of the reports, as well as reports for other m a j o r areas, is available upon request. A report on occupational earnings and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e practices in the M e m p h i s area is also available for p o w e r laundries and dr y cleaners (June 1955). U n i o n scales, indicative of prevailing pa y levels, are available for the following trades or industries: Building c o n struction, printing, local-transit operating e m ployees, a nd m o t o r t r u c k drivers. iii 17 Occupational W ago Survey - Memphis, Tenn. * In tro d u c tio n The M em p his a re a is one o f se v e ra l im p o rta n t in d u s tria l c e n te rs in w hich the D e p a rtm e n t of La bo r* s B ureau o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s conducted s u rv e ys o f occup ation al earnings and re la te d wage bene fits . In each a re a , data are obtained by pe rson al v is its of B ureau fie ld agents to re p re s e n ta tiv e estab lish m en ts w ith in s ix b ro a d in d u s try d iv is io n s : M a n u fa c tu rin g ; tra n s p o rta tio n (excluding ra ilro a d s ), c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilitie s ; w holesale tra d e ; re ta il tra d e ; fin a n c e , in s u ra n c e , and re a l estate; and s e rv ic e s . M a jo r in d u s try groups excluded fro m these stu d ie s, besides ra ilro a d s , are governm ent o p e ra tio n s and the c o n s tru c tio n and e x tra c tiv e in d u s trie s . E s ta b lis h m ents having fe w e r than a p re s c rib e d num ber o f w o rk e rs are o m itte d also because they fu rn is h in s u ffic ie n t em ploym ent in the occupations stu die d to w a rra n t in c lu s io n .*1 W herever p o s sib le , separate ta b u la tio n s a re p ro v id e d fo r each o f the broad in d u s try d iv is io n s . O ccupational em p loym en t estim a te s re p re s e n t the to ta l in a ll e sta b lish m e n ts w ith in the scope of the study and not the num ber a c tu a lly surve ye d. Because of d iffe re n ce s in occup ation al s tru c tu re among es ta b lis h m e n ts , the e stim a te s o f occupational em ploym ent obtained fro m the sam ple o f e sta b lish m e n ts studied serve o n ly to ind ica te the re la tiv e im p o rta n c e of the jobs studied. These d iffe re n ce s in occupational s tru c tu re do no t m a te ria lly a ffe c t the a ccu ra cy o f the earnings data. E s ta b lis h m e n t P ra c tic e s and S upplem entary Wage P ro v is io n s In fo rm a tio n is presen ted also (in the B -s e rie s tables) on se le cte d e s ta b lish m e n t p ra c tic e s and sup plem e nta ry be ne fits as they re la te to o ffic e and p la n t w o rk e rs . The te rm “ o ffic e w o rk e rs , “ as used in th is b u lle tin , includes a ll o ffic e c le ric a l em ployees and excludes ad m in is tra tiv e , e xe cu tive, p ro fe s s io n a l, and te c h n ica l pe rso n n e l. “ P la n t w o rk e rs *’ includ e w o rk in g fo re m e n and a ll n o n s u p e rv is o ry w o rk e rs (in clud in g leadm en and tra in e e s) engaged in no no ffice fu n ctio n s. A d m in is tra tiv e , exe cu tive , p ro fe s s io n a l, and te c h n ica l em ployees, and fo rc e account c o n s tru c tio n em ployees who are u tiliz e d as a separate w o rk fo rc e a re excluded. C a fe te ria w o rk e rs and ro ute m e n are excluded in m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s trie s , but are in clu d e d as p la n t w o rk e rs in nonm an u fa c tu rin g in d u s trie s . S h ift d iffe re n tia l data (table B - l) a re lim ite d to m an ufa cturing in d u s trie s . T h is in fo rm a tio n is presen ted both in te rm s of (a) estab lis h m e n t p o lic y 3 presen ted in te rm s o f to ta l p la n t w o rk e r em ploym ent, and (b) e ffe c tiv e p ra c tic e , presen ted on the ba sis o f w o rk e rs a c tu a lly em ployed on the sp e cifie d s h ift at the tim e o f the su rve y. In estab lis h m e n ts having v a rie d d iffe re n tia ls , the am ount applying to a m a jo rity was used o r , if no am ount ap plie d to a m a jo rity , the c la s s ific a tio n “ other** was used. M in im u m entrance ra tes (table B -2 ) re la te o n ly to the estab lis h m e n ts v is ite d . T hey are presen ted on an e sta b lish m e n t, ra th e r than on an em p loym en t b a s is . Scheduled h o u rs; paid ho lida ys; paid va cation s; and h e a lth , in s u ra n ce , and pension plans are tre a te d s ta tis tic a lly on the basis tha t these are ap plicab le to a ll p la n t o r o ffice w o rk e rs if a m a jo rity o f such w o rk e rs are e lig ib le o r m ay eventually q u a lify fo r the p ra c tic e s lis te d .4 Because of ro un din g, sums of in d i vid u a l ite m s in these tab ula tio ns do not n e c e s s a rily equal to ta ls . These su rve ys a re conducted on a sam ple basis because o f the un ne cessa ry c o s tin v o lv e d in surve yin g a ll e s ta b lish m e n ts , and to in s u re p ro m p t p u b lic a tio n o f re s u lts . To obtain a p p ro p ria te a c cu ra cy at m in i m u m c o s t, a g re a te r p ro p o rtio n of la rg e than o f s m a ll e stab lish m en ts is stu d ie d . In co m b in in g the data, ho w ever, a ll e stab lish m en ts are give n th e ir a p p ro p ria te w e ig h t. E s tim a te s based on the estab lish m en ts stu die d are p re se n te d , th e re fo re , as re la tin g to a ll estab lish m en ts in the in d u s try grou pin g and a re a , 2 except fo r those below the m in im u m size stu die d. O ccupations and E a rn in g s The occupations selected fo r study are com m on to a v a rie ty o f m a n u fa ctu rin g and n o nm a nu factu rin g in d u s trie s . O ccupational c la s s ifi ca tio n is based on a u n ifo rm set of job d e s crip tio n s designed to take account o f in te re s ta b lis h m e n t v a ria tio n in duties w ith in the same jo b (see appendix fo r lis tin g o f these d e s c rip tio n s ). E a rn in g s data are p re s e n te d (in the A -s e rie s tables) fo r the fo llo w in g types o f occupa tio n s; (a) O ffice c le ric a l; (b) p ro fe ss io n a l and te ch n ica l; (c) m a in te nance and p o w e rp la n t; and (d) cu sto d ia l and m a te ria l m ovem ent. D ata are shown fo r fu ll-tim e w o rk e rs , i . e . , those h ire d to w o rk a re g u la r w e e kly schedule in the given occupational c la s s ific a tio n . E a rn in g s data exclude p re m iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w o rk on w eekends, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts . N onproduction bonuses are e x cluded a ls o , b u t c o s t-o f-liv in g bonuses and ince ntive earnings are in cluded. W here w e e kly h o u rs a re re p o rte d , as fo r o ffice c le ric a l o c cu p a tio n s, re fe re n c e is to the w o rk schedules (rounded to the n e a re s t h a lf ho u r) fo r w h ich s tra ig h t-tim e s a la rie s are paid; average w eek ly ea rn in g s fo r these occupations have been rounded to the n e a re s t h a lf d o lla r. The s u m m a ry o f va ca tio n plans is lim ite d to fo rm a l a rra n g e m e n ts, exclud ing in fo rm a l plans w hereby tim e o ff w ith pay is granted at the d is c re tio n o f the e m p lo y e r. Separate e stim a te s are provide d 3 A n e s ta b lish m e n t was con sid ere d as having a p o lic y if it m et e ith e r of the fo llo w in g con dition s: ( l) O perated late s h ifts at the tim e o f the s u rv e y, o r (2) had fo rm a l p ro v is io n s c o v e rin g late s h ifts . 4 Scheduled w e e kly hours fo r o ffic e w o rk e rs ( fir s t section of table B -3 ) are presen ted in te rm s o f the p ro p o rtio n o f wom en o ffice w o rk e rs em ployed in o ffic e s w ith the in d ica te d w ee kly hours fo r women w o rk e rs . * T h is re p o rt was p re p a re d in the Bureau* s re g io n a l o ffic e in A tla n ta , Ga. , by B e rn a rd J . F a h re s , under the d ire c tio n o f L o u is B . W oytych, R eg io na l Wage and In d u s tria l R elations A n a ly s t. 1 See table 1 fo r m in im u m -s iz e estab lish m en t covered . 2 The ta b u la tio n o f m in im u m entrance rates fo r w om en o ffic e w o rk e rs re la te s o n ly to p ro v is io n s in establishm ents studied. 1 2 a ccording to e m p lo y e r p ra c tic e in com puting vaca tio n paym ents, such as tim e pa ym en ts, p e rce n t o f annual e a rn in g s, o r fla t-s u m am ounts. H ow ever, in the tab ula tio ns o f va cation allow ances by ye a rs o f s e rv ic e , paym ents not on a tim e ba sis w ere con ve rted ; fo r exam ple, a paym ent o f 2 p e rc e n t o f annual ea rnings was con sid e re d as the eq u iva le n t o f 1 w eek*s pay. D ata a re p resen ted fo r a ll h e a lth , in s u ra n ce , and pension plans fo r w hich at le a s t a p a rt o f the co st is borne by the e m p lo y e r, excepting o n ly le g a l re q u ire m e n ts such as w o rk m e n ^ com pensation and so c ia l s e c u rity . Such plans includ e those u n d e rw ritte n by a c o m m e rc ia l in su ra n ce com pany and those p ro v id e d throu gh a union fund o r paid d ire c tly by the e m p lo y e r out of c u rre n t o p e ra tin g funds o r fro m a fund set aside fo r th is purpose. Death b e n e fits a re in clu d e d as a fo rm o f life in s u ra n ce . S ickness and accide nt in su ra n ce is lim ite d to tha t type o f in surance under w hich p re d e te rm in e d cash paym ents are m ade d ire c tly to the in s u re d on a w eekly o r m o n th ly ba sis d u rin g illn e s s o r accide nt d is a b ility . In fo rm a tio n is presen ted fo r a ll such plans to w hich the e m p lo ye r c o n trib u te s . H ow ever, in New Y o rk and New J e rs e y , w hich have enacted te m p o ra ry d is a b ility in su ra n ce law s w hich re q u ire em p lo y e r c o n trib u tio n s ,5 plans are includ ed o n ly if the e m p lo ye r ( l) con trib u te s m o re than is le g a lly re q u ire d , o r (2) p ro v id e s the em ployee w ith be ne fits w hich exceed the re q u ire m e n ts o f the la w . T a b u la tio n s o f pa id s ic k -le a v e plans are lim ite d to fo rm a l plans w hich p ro v id e fu ll pay o r a p ro p o rtio n of the w o rk e r's pay d u rin g absence fro m w o rk because o f illn e s s . Separate ta b u la tio n s are p ro v id e d acco rd in g to ( l) plans w hich p ro vid e fu ll pay and no w a itin g p e rio d , and (2) plans p ro v id in g e ith e r p a rtia l pay o r a w a itin g p e rio d . In a d d itio n to the p re se n ta tio n of the p ro p o rtio n s o f w o rk e rs who are p ro v id e d sickness and accident insu ran ce o r p a id s ic k le a v e , an un du plicate d to ta l is shown of w o rk e rs who re ce ive e ith e r o r both types of b e n e fit. C atastrophe in s u ra n ce , s o m e tim e s re fe rre d to as extended m e d ica l in su ra n ce , includes those plans w h ich are designed to p ro te c t em ployees in case o f sickness and in ju ry in v o lv in g expenses beyond the n o rm a l coverage o f h o s p ita liz a tio n , m e d ic a l, and s u rg ic a l pla n s. M e d ic a l insu ran ce re fe rs to plans p ro v id in g fo r com plete o r p a rtia l paym ent o f doctors* fees. Such plans m ay be u n d e rw ritte n by c o m m e rc ia l in surance com panies o r n o n p ro fit o rg a n iz a tio n s o r they m ay be s e lfin s u re d . Tabulations of re tire m e n t pension plans are lim ite d to those plans that provide m on thly paym ents fo r the re m a in d e r o f the w o rk e r's life . 5 The te m p o ra ry d is a b ility law s in C a lifo rn ia and Rhode Is la n d do not re q u ire em p lo ye r c o n trib u tio n s . Table 1: Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Memphis, Tenn. , 1 by major industry division, February 1956 Minimum Workers in establishments Number of establishments size establish-*1 * Within scope of study Studied Within Industry division ment Studied scope of in scope of Off ic e Total 3 Plant Total 3 study Study 2 80,300 56,800 11,100 134 48,190 418 51 A ll divisions__________________________________ 31, 700 3, 100 52 24,900 164 39,700 51 Manufacturing -----------------------------------------------------40,600 8,000 25, 100 23,290 254 82 51 Nonmanufacturing -----------------------------------------------Transportation (excluding railroads), 4,600 1,000 7, 100 5,490 18 51 communication, and other public utilities 4 ------39 8,700 3,340 21 78 51 Wholesale trade ----------------------------------------------(5) (*) 13,900 8,850 75 22 51 Retail trade ----------------------------------------------------C) i l l 2,440 4,000 10 27 51 Finance, insurance, and real estate ----------------(*) * 3,170 6,900 11 35 51 Services 6 --------------------------------------------------------(5) (5) 1 The Memphis Metropolitan Area (Shelby County). The "workers within scope of study" estimates shown in this table* provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estimates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employ ment indexes to measure employment trends or levels since (l) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the pay period studied, and (2) small establishments are excluded from scope of survey. 2 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the minimum size limitation. A ll outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service, and motion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 3 Includes executive, technical, professional and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories. 4 Also excludes taxicabs, and services incidental to water transportation. Since Memphis* electric and gas utilities are municipally operated, they are also excluded, by definition, from the scope of the studies. 5 This industry division is represented in estimates for "all industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A and B tables, although coverage was insufficient to justify separate presentation of data. 6 Hotels, personal services, business services; automobile repair shops; radio broadcasting and television; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organization; and engineering and architectural services. 3 Wage T re nd s fo r Selected O ccupational G roups T a bula ted below a re indexes of s a la rie s of w om en o ffice c le r i ca l w o rk e rs , and o f average earnings of selected p la n t w o rk e r grou ps. F o r o ffic e c le ric a l w o rk e rs , the indexes re la te to average w e e kly s a la rie s fo r n o rm a l h o u rs o f w o rk , tha t is , the standard w o rk schedule fo r w h ic h s tra ig h t-tim e s a la rie s are paid. F o r p la n t w o rk e r g ro u p s, the indexes m e a su re changes in s tra ig h t-tim e h o u rly e a rn in g s, e xclud ing p re m iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w o rk on w eekends, h o li days, and la te s h ifts . The indexes are based on data fo r selected ke y occupations and in clu d e m o st of the n u m e ric a lly im p o rta n t jobs w ith in each g ro u p . E igh te en jobs w ere includ ed in the o ffice c le ric a l index; 10 s k ille d m aintenance jobs and 3 u n s k ille d jobs w e re includ ed in the p la n t w o rk e r ind exes. See footnotes to table 2. A vera ge w e e kly s a la rie s o r average h o u rly ea rnings w e re com puted fo r each o f the sele cted occupations. The average s a la rie s o r h o u rly e a rn in g s w e re then m u ltip lie d by the average o f January 1953 and Jan ua ry 1954 em p lo ym e n t in the jo b . These w eighted ea rn ing s fo r in d iv id u a l occupations w e re then added to obtain an aggregate fo r each occup ation al g ro u p . F in a lly , the ra tio of these group aggregates fo r a given y e a r to the aggregate fo r the base p e rio d (su rve y m on th, w in te r 1952-53) was com puted and the re s u lt m u ltip lie d by the base ye a r index (100) to get the ind ex fo r the given ye a r. The indexes m ea sure p rin c ip a lly the effects of ( i) general s a la ry and wage changes; (2) m e r it o r o th e r in cre a se s in pay r e ceived by in d iv id u a l w o rk e rs w h ile in the same job ; and (3) la b o r tu rn o v e r o r fo rc e expansion o r re d u ctio n . A fo rce expansion m ig h t in cre a se the p ro p o rtio n o f lo w e r pa id w o rk e rs in a s p e cific occu pation and re s u lt in a drop in the ind ex, w hereas a re d u ctio n in the p ro p o rtio n o f lo w e r p a id w o rk e rs w ould have the opposite effe ct. The indexes are also affe cte d by s h ifts in the p ro p o rtio n of w o rk e rs e m ployed by e sta b lish m e n ts w ith d iffe re n t pay le v e ls . F o r exam ple, the m ovem ent o f a h ig h -p a yin g e sta b lish m e n t out o f an area could cause the index to d ro p , even though no change in ra te s o c c u rre d in o th e r are a e sta b lish m e n ts . The use o f constant em p loym en t w eigh ts e lim in a te s the effects of changes in the p ro p o rtio n o f w o rk e rs re p re s e n te d in each job in cluded in the ind ex. N o r are the indexes in flu e n ce d by changes in standard w o rk schedules o r in p re m iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e , since they are basecf on pay fo r s tra ig h t-tim e h o u rs. Indexes fo r the p e rio d 1952 to 1955 fo r w o rk e rs in 1 7 m a jo r la b o r m a rk e ts , appeared in B LS B u ll. 1172, Wages and R elated B e n e fits , 17 L a b o r M a rk e ts , 1954-55. Table 2: Indexes of standard weekly salaries for office clerical 1 and average straight-time hourly earnings for selected plant occupational groups 2 in Memphis, Tenn., February 1955 and February 1956,and percent of increase for selected periods Indexes Percent increases from— (January 1953 = 100) February 1955 January 1954 January 1953 November 1951 November 1951 Industry and occupational group February February to to to to to 1956 1955 February 1956 February 1955 January 1954 January 1953 February 1956 A ll industries: 4. 1 6. 5 4.8 18.6 113.2 Office clerical (women) _____________________ 106.2 2. 1 6.6 22.7 Skilled maintenance (men) ____________________ 8. 1 3.0 3.5 115.2 106.5 3.8 21.6 Unskilled plant (men)_________________________ 108.8 7.7 3.5 117.2 5.2 Manufacturing: 2.3 16.3 110.7 5. 0 4.7 Office clerical (women) __ _ __________________ 106.2 3.9 1.6 2.3 6.6 21. 1 Skilled maintenance (men) ____________________ 113.2 103.9 8.9 3.4 5. 1 111.6 107.7 17.2 3.6 Unskilled plant (m en)__;______________________ 4.2 1 Based on data for the following jobs: Office clerical (women): B illers, machine (billing machine) Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A and B Comptometer operators Clerks, file, class A and B Clerks, order Clerks, payroll Key-punch operators Office girls Secretaries Stenographers, general Switchboard operators Switchboard operator-receptionists Tabulating-machine operators Transcribing-machine operators, general http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Typists, class A and B Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 2 Based on data for the following jobs: Skilled maintenance (men); Carpenters Electricians Machinists Mechanics Mechanics, automotive Millwrights Painters Pipefitters Sheet-metal workers Tool and die makers Unskilled plant (men): Janitors, porters, and cleaners Laborers, material handling Watchmen 5 A: Occupational Earnina* Table A-l: Office Occupations ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s in M e m p h i s , T e n n . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , F e b r u a r y 1 9 5 6 ) Avbbaob Number of workers S e x , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Weekly Weekly houre earnings (Standard) (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ 2 5 .0 0 3 0 .0 0 and u nder 3 0 .0 0 3 5 .0 0 $ 3 5 .0 0 $ 4 0 .0 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 5 5 .0 0 $ 6 0 .0 0 $ 6 5 .0 0 $ 7 0 .0 0 $ 7 5 .0 0 $ 8 0 .0 0 $ 8 5 .0 0 $ 9 0 .0 0 $ 9 5 .0 0 $ 100.00 $ 105.00 $ 110.00 and 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 105.00 110.00 over M en „ _ __ _ 162 70 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 $ 8 7 .5 0 8 6 .0 0 _ _ - - ____ C le r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c la s s B _ __ _ M a n u fa c t u r in g __________ ______________ ___ ____ __ ___________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g 69 28 41 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 6 6 .5 0 6 2 .0 6 6 9 .5 0 . _ - - - __ _ __ _ 128 109 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 6 4 .0 0 6 3 : s o .. - - O f f i c e b o y s ________________________________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g _________ _____ __ __ __ __ _____ _ 79 57 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 4 .5 0 4 4 .5 0 5 5 2 2 T a b u l a t in g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s __ __ _____ M a n u f a c t u r in g __ __ __ __ ___ __ __ __ _____ __ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g _____ _________ ___ __ __ __ 72 31 41 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 7 6 .0 0 7 2 .5 0 7 8 .0 0 _ _ - - - 80 51 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 9 .0 0 4 9 .5 0 C le r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c la s s A _________________ _____ M a n u f a c t u r in g __ __ ___ ___ „ __ __ __ _____ C l e r k s , o r d e r _____ __ __ „ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g __ -------- __ _____ __ __ _____ __ __ __ _____ _____ ” 4 9 1 11 3 7 3 11 8 18 7 17 11 15 10 17 9 10 7 5 3 8 6 *30 2 5 2 3 14 3 11 15 11 4 2 1 1 7 1 6 _ . 5 1 4 1 . 1 2 _ 2 2 . 2 _ _ _ _ - 6 6 20 15 24 21 11 11 18 17 . 20 16 18 12 _ _ - - - 2 2 - - 35 26 13 3 12 11 _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ „ „ _ . - 8 8 - - - - - - - “ - - 3 1 2 5 4 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 10 6 4 6 4 2 15 3 12 8 2 6 7 2 5 8 6 2 3 3 13 8 37 24 3 2 _ „ _ _ _ _ - - - 2 2 _ - - - * _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - _ . . - 8 1 7 8 8 - - 7 7 3 2 - • “ _ _ - - - - - _ 2 ~ ~ z ------ 2 _ . - - . 2 “ * _ „ _ * - - - - - W om en B i l l e r s , m a c h i n e ( b il l in g m a c h i n e ) _________________________ ----- __ __ __ _____ __ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g __ - 37 36 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 3 .5 0 4 3 .0 0 * 1 1 75 51 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 6 0 .0 0 6 0 .5 0 - B o o k k e e p i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B _______________ M a n u f a c t u r in g __ -------- __ __ _____ __ __ -------_ N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ___________ __ ___ ___ 448 94 354 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 5 1 .0 0 5 6 .5 0 4 9 .5 0 - C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c la s s A __ __ _____ __ __ M a n u f a c t u r in g ___________ _____ __ __ __ __ __ __ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ___ _____ __ __ ___ _____ 200 56 144 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 6 4 .0 0 6 7 .5 0 6 2 .5 0 - C le r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c la s s B _ ___ M a n u f a c t u r in g _______ __ ___ __ _____ _______ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g __ __ _________ __ __ 544 90 454 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 _ _____ __ _ _____ __ __ _______ __ _ 49 30 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 B i l l e r s , m a c h i n e (b o o k k e e p i n g m a c h i n e ) N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ----- ^---------___ __ _ __ -------- __ B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g _____ __ __ __ __ __ __ C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s A _____ _ M a n u f a c t u r in g __ __ _____ C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s B _____ _ _ M a n u f a c t u r in g _____________ _______ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g __ __ _ _____ __ _ _ _ „ __ __ C l e r k s , o r d e r __ -------------- __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ M a n u fa c t u r in g __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ ___ __ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ----- __ __ _________ __ __ __ S e e fo o tn o te s at en d o f ta b le . - 25 15 4 4 16 15” 10 9 1 1 5 5 “ - “ - - - - _ . 7 5 18 10 6 6 16 5 7 7 3 2 2 2 - 8 7 _ - 7 7 1 2 2 16 16 104 7 97 137 14 123 78 16 62 50 29 21 21 13 8 15 7 8 4 2 2 10 6 4 2 2 . _ 3 . . - 19 2 17 23 8 15 30 10 20 35 6 29 34 5 29 25 9 16 17 9 8 4 2 2 118 19 99 101 14 87 83 36 47 48 10 38 26 5 21 2 1 1 5 2 3 _ 5 5 6 3 1 1 1 . - 7 3 - - - 3 5 1 .0 0 5 5 .5 0 5 0 .0 0 3 41 3 9 . 9 41 100 3 97 4 9 .5 0 4 7 .5 0 . _ - - 2 1 25 19 275 36 239 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .5 4 2 .5 0 4 7 .5 0 4 1 .5 0 105 47 58 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 5 3 .0 0 5 4 .5 0 5 1 .5 0 8 - 8 _ _ 50 50 _ . - 4 9 - - 4 9 61 7 54 60 4 56 43 15 28 29 8 21 2 2 26 6 20 21 7 14 20 9 11 14 11 3 4 4 10 1 9 1 1 - 10 3 7 1 1 _ - - . - - - - 3 3 2 - 2 4 4 - 4 4 - - 4 1 3 - _ _ - 2 2 . . . _ - - _ - 4 4 - . “ - 4 4 _ _ _ _' _ _ “ “ - - - - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . - 7 4 3 . _ _ _ - . _ - O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , M e m p h i s , T e n n . , F e b r u a r y 1 9 5 6 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tics 6 Table A-1: Office Occupations - Continued ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s 12 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d o n an a r e a b a s i s in M e m p h i s , T e n n . , b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , F e b r u a r y 195 6 ) Avbbaob S e x , o c c u p a t io n , an d in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers Weekly hours (Standard) Weekly earnings (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ 2 5 .0 0 and under 3 0 .0 0 3 0 .0 0 3 5 .0 0 $ 4 0 .0 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 5 5 .0 0 $6 0 .0 0 $6 5 .0 0 $ 7 0 .0 0 $ 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 $ 8 5 .0 0 $ 9 0 .0 0 $ 95.00 $ 100 .00 $ 1 0 5 .00 3 5 .0 0 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 00 QO . 00 Q5 0 0 100 0 0 10500 l i o no 7 --------5~~ 1 $ 110 .00 and W o m e n - C o n tin u e d C l e r k s , p a y r o l l _____ __ __ __ _____ __ __ __ _____ M a n u fa c t u r in g _____ — — __ __ __ __ _________ __ _ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ___________________________________________ 18 7 10 7 80 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 40. 5 *P 5 6 .5 0 5 9 .0 0 5 3 .5 0 C o m p t o m e t e r o p e r a t o r s __ __ __ _________ __ _____ _ M a n u f a c t u r in g _______________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g _____ __ . . __ ___ _____ __ __ 257 6l 196 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 5 1 .5 0 5 7 .5 0 • 4 9 .5 0 37 34 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 D u p l ic a t i n g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ( m i m e o g r a p h o r d i t t o ) _________ _________ _____________ _ __ __ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g __________________________________________ K e y -p u n c h o p e r a t o r s __________________________________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________________________________ ___ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________________ O f f ic e g i r l s __ __ __ __ _____ __ _____ _____ _____ __ M a n u f a c t u r in g ________________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g __________________________________________ 124 36 88 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 1 1 7 _ 7 9 - 6 _ 6 4 6 .0 0 4 6 .0 0 . - 5 3 .0 0 5 7 .5 0 5 1 .0 0 _ _ _ 93 27 66 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4 2 .5 0 4 5 .0 0 4 1 .5 0 523 153 37 0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 6 2 .5 0 6 5 .0 0 6 1 .5 0 S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l __ ___ M a n u fa c t u r in g __ __ __ __ _____ __ _________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g _____ __ _____ __ _____________ _ P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * ________________________________________ 642 255 387 29 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 5 4 .0 0 5 5 .5 0 5 3 .0 0 6 0 .5 0 S w it c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s ___________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g __ __ __ _ 143 131 4 2 .5 42. 5 4 1 .5 0 4 0 .0 0 S e c r e t a r i e s _________ __ __ _____________ M a n u fa c t u r in g -------------- __ _________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _____ _____ _____ _____ __ _________ __ ________ _ __ S w it c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s _______________________ M a n u f a c t u r in g ______ _____ ___ _______________________ _____ _ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g _____ _____ _____ __ -------------- __ _ T a b u l a t in g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s _ _ __ __ T r a n s c r i b i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l _____________ __ M a n u fa c t u r in g __ _____ _____ ___ _______ ___ _ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g _____ „ __ __ T y p i s t s , c l a s s A ___ __ __ _ _____ M a n u fa c t u r in g _ _ ___ ___ ___ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g __ __ __ _____ _ __ __ _____ __ __ T y p i s t s , c l a s s B ________________________________________________ M an u f a c tu r in g _____ _____ __ _______ ___ __ _________ __ ___ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g __ __ ___ __ ___ _____ __ 152 62 90 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 _ 4 . 4 - 1 _ 1 - 13 27 13 14 26 17 9 44 29 15 33 19 14 9 67 10 57 36 8 28 53 id 43 36 14 22 21 3 18 7 7 5 4 14 12 10 10 - 1 1 3 3 7 7 2 2 19 21 3 18 62 8 54 33 — ^ r~ 31 . - - - . . _ 15 _ 15 - 1 1 - - 96 33 63 4 16 16 40 40 14 14 30 29 5 1 .5 0 5 4 .5 0 4 9 .5 0 . _ _ - - 3 2 1 _ . . 2 _ 2 48 18 30 25 3 9 .5 6 4 .0 0 . 209 81 1 28 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 5 2 .0 0 5 2 .0 0 5 2 .0 0 _ _ - - 136 32 104 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 5 4 .0 0 5 4 .5 0 5 4 .0 0 50 5 113 392 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 3 .5 0 4 5 .0 0 4 3 .0 0 . _ - _ ' 38 . 38 22 3 19 27 12 15 - 3 1 2 - - - 2 _ 2 r ~ 1 1 _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - * “ - - - - - _ _ _ _ . _ _ - - - - - - - - _ _ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - _ _ . - . _ _ - 7 6 1 1 12 5 7 10 4 6 _ • _ 6 - - - - - 1 — 8 2 6 22 8 14 10 3 7 6 4 2 1 1 - _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ . _ . - _ _ 12 3 9 7 5 2 4 4 . - - . _ - - - - - - - - - - - 24 14 10 102 21 81 71 23 48 100 34 66 50 10 40 44 7 37 39 17 22 27 14 13 15 4 11 9 6 3 4 4 3 1 2 _ _ - - 100 31 69 2 158 70 88 95 43 52 1 83 41 42 9 56 12 44 9 25 17 8 1 5 2 3 . - . _ . - . _ . . _ _ _ _ - - - 15 11 8 8 5 5 5 5 7 1 _ 6 4 2 _ - 21 8 13 49 13 36 1 38 23 15 23 20 3 20 4 16 - 8 -------- 52 2 - - “ 1 - . . - - - - - - 3 1 2 _ - _ - _ - _ . _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - _ _ _ . _ . - _ _ - - - - - _ -• _ “ - - - . _ _ _ _ _ - 4 10 1 6 1 56 30 26 21 12 9 12 4 8 9 4 5 - 6 6 4 4 2 2 5 1 4 _ _ _ - - - - - “ 4 4 _ _ _ _ _ . . - . _ 1 1 5 . 5 17 8 9 32 3 29 18 6 12 25 . 25 27 12 15 2 2 22 _ 22 57 10 47 267 51 216 108 36 72 28 12 16 15 2 13 4 1 3 4 1 3 " - _ 2 2 3 1 H o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a n d th e e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . 2 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o l l o w s : 12 a t $ 1 1 0 t o $ 1 1 5 ; 10 a t $ 1 1 5 t o $ 1 2 0 ; 8 a t $ 1 2 0 to $ 1 2 5 . * T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . 1 1 - 9 9 - - - 7 Table A-2: Professional and Technical Occupations ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s in M e m p h i s , T e n n . , b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , F e b r u a r y 195 6 ) Average Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly Weekly hours earnings (Standard) (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ 5 0 . 00 $ 5 5 . 00 $ 6 0 .0 0 $ 6 5 .0 0 $ 7 0 .0 0 $ $ 8 0 .0 0 $ $ 7 5 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 $ $ $ $ $ $ 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 5 5 . 00 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100. 00 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 and under $ $ $ and over Men Draftsmen, senior _____ ____ ______________________ M anufacturing___ __ 1____ ______________________ 80 72 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 $ 9 9 .5 0 1 0 1 .0 0 Draftsmen, junior ________________________________ __ Manufacturing ___ ________________________________ 87 4 0 .0 6 7 .5 0 24 78 4 0.0 67.50 23 27 40.0 72.00 1 2 4 3 32 30 3 3 6 16 6 16 2 2 1 - - " ■ 1 " 4 14 6 7 8 4 11 5 3 8 4 3 5 5 6 ” ” 5 3 11 9 5 5 _ _ " “ - 7 7 1 1 _ _ " " - - 6 6 2 2 2 2 1 1 _ _ __ _ _ “ - ” “ - - - - Women N urses, industrial (re g is te re d )_______________________ - H o u r s r e f l e c t t h e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a n d th e e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . O c c u p a t io n a l W age S u r v e y , M e m p h i s , T e n n . , F e b r u a r y 1956 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tis tics 8 Table A-3: Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (Average hourly earnings12 fo r men in selected occupations studied on an area basis in Memphis, Tenn. , by industry division, February 1956) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers O c c u p a t io n a n d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Average hourly earnings U nder $ .8 0 and $ 0 . 80 u n d e r -j-90 i.o o $ . 90 ±JLQ ... $1. 10 1. 1.Q-. 1, ZQ— \.Z0 1 .3 0 !.4 0 ! . 50 f . 60 f . 70 1 .8 0 !.9 0 i.o o f . 10 1 .2 0 1 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 . 70 $ 2 .8 0 and 1 ,3 .0 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 2.00 2 . 10 2.20 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 . 60 2 . 70 2 .8 0 over 97 47 50 $ 1 .9 8 1 .9 0 2 .0 5 2 1 8 12 - - _ . . 6 6 9 - 1 2 1 - - 3 5 7 5 4 - 8 1 . - - 2 _________________________ __ __ 170 153 2 .3 0 2 .3 6 2 1 5 - - - - - - - 2 2 2 5 5 5 4 - E n g in e e r s , s t a t io n a r y __________________ __ ___ _ M a n u fa c t u r in g __ _ _ _ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g _________________________________ 121 2.00 _ _ 4 “ - 4 5 . 5 15 9 - 2 1 1 8 _ 10 6 6 2 .0 7 1. 9 0 3 . 3 1 70 51 6 2 3 5 4 4 _ _ - - C a r p e n t e r s , m a in t e n a n c e _ _ _ _ _ M a n u fa c t u r in g __ __ ,___ __ _ _ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g __ E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a in t e n a n c e M a n u fa c t u r in g __ __ 1 1 F i r e m e n , s t a t io n a r y b o i l e r __ — __ __ __ __ __ M a n u fa c t u r in g ______________________________________ 131 123 1. 14 1. 14 _ - 15 H e l p e r s , t r a d e s , m a i n t e n a n c e _______ 1_____________ M a n u fa c t u r in g __ _____________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g __________________________ _____ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s * ___________ __ __ 225 1 .2 3 121 1.21 104 41 1 .2 7 1 .5 2 18 z 18 4 4 - M a c h in is t s , m a in t e n a n c e M a n u f a c t u r in g ______ 150 147 2 .2 9 2 .3 0 _ _ - ~ M e c h a n i c s , a u t o m o t iv e (m a in t e n a n c e ) _> M a n u fa c t u r in g __ __ _________ __ __ __ __ __ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g __ ___________ ___ P u b li c u t i l i t i e s * ________________ ___ 376 58 31 8 225 1 .8 1 1 .6 9 1 .8 3 1 .9 1 . M e c h a n i c s , m a i n t e n a n c e — __ ____________ __ __ M a n u fa c t u r in g ______ __ __________________________ __ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ________________________________ 449 4 03 46 1 .7 2 - M il l w r i g h t s __ _ M a n u fa c t u r in g 182 182 2.22 2.22 - O i l e r s __ _ ______ M a n u fa c t u r in g ___________________________ — ;------------------------------______________ ___________________ 68 - - 1 1 - 3 3 - - - - - - _ . - _ . . _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - 26 26 . _ ■ ~ 31 31 60 60 2 2 7 7 6 6 - 17 4 13 13 - 4 4 - 4 _ . _ _ _ - - 4 - 4 1 1 - - 15 15 15 _ _ _ . * - - 3 3 1 1 5 - 9 9 _ - " 2 52 13 39 19 6 1 20 20 1 13 134 128 32 4 28 23 2 5 39 5 34 18 135 21 8 11 11 59 53 39 33 22 22 1 1 10 6 - 43 43 - 3 3 - 32 28 4 41 31 6 30 27 3 - - 18 18 - 1 1 4 4 32 32 5 5 19 19 _ - - 1 .9 9 . 2 1 5 . . _ 1 8 8 8 2.02 _ _ - 2 1 4 - 4 4 . . . . _ - - - - - 2 2 . - 4 4 2 2 3 . 1 38 17 - __ __ __ __ _ _____ _________ __ __ __ ___ __ 97 46 51 1 .8 7 "T T 0 5 — 1. 71 . . _ 5 1 _ . . . . - - 14 3 - - “ 5 1 3 “ 11 - 1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Workers were distributed as follow s: 13 at $ 0.60 to $ 0.7 0; 5 at $0.7 0 to $0. 80. * Transportation (excluding railroa ds), com m unication, and other public utilities. 1 1 2 2 - 2 .4 2 2 .4 2 - 1 - 35 35 - 5 - ____________ - 6 - T o o l and d ie m a k e r s ____ M a n u fa c t u r in g __ ____ •_____________ 4 4 4 - - * 1 10 6 - - 15 5 20 16 - 2 .3 7 2 .3 7 20 _ 2 43 23 3 110 110 2 2 11 4 __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 12 10 2 26 1 .8 3 1 .9 0 P i p e f i t t e r s , m a in t e n a n c e _______ M a n u fa c t u r in g ____ 5 _ 5 4 1 8 2 4 - - 4 4 1 1 2 2 15 — r~ 14 - 9 9 - _ - _ _ - - 1 1 1 1 - 2 2 6 6 14 14 13 13 2 2 13 13 _ . 3 i 6 6 - _ - 10 "TO— - - - - - 3 - 1 1 - 1 1 6 2 2 4 4 9 . - 16 12 32 25 7 2 2 3 3 1 6 19 4 15 21 21 5 4 35 29 - 9 17 16 8 . 12 5 3 14 14 . 70 70 - 12 22 . - 6 6 11 8 * _ 8 16 4 4 2 _ 2 24 5 - 15 2 - 7 2 9 s 1 1 - 3 . 3 10 - 4 4 7 4 3 35 33 64 __ _____ 1 42 41 - - 1 . _ - _ - 1 1 3 3 _ ______ __ __ _________ P a i n t e r s , m a in t e n a n c e ___ M a n u fa c t u r in g __ _ _____ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g _________ 16 - . - 6 2 2 20 20 - 1 1 4 4 7 7 - 3 3 - _ - 1 - - - 7 . 49 49 1 1 5 131 131 - 1 _ 1 6 45 45 6 _ - - - 5------ “ - “ _ - 15 15 _ _ _ - - - - 2 1 1 21 3 . _ _ - “ - ------- 5“ ----- J — 13 - _ 61 - 61 13 13 2 2 6 6 4 4 8 8 - 11 11 Occupational Wage Survey, M em phis, T en n ., F ebruary 1956 U .S . DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics 9 Table A-4: Custodial and Material-Movement Occupations (Average hourly earnings 1 for selected occupations 2 studied on an area basis in Memphis, T e n n ., by industry division, February 1956) Occupation and industry division Number of workers Average hourly earnings $ $ 0.20 0.30 and under .30 .40 $ 0.40 $ 0.50 $ 0.60 $ 0.70 $ 0.80 NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1.50 1.60 1. 10 1.20 1. 30 1.40 1.70 1.80 0.90 1. 00 $ 1.90 $ 2.00 $ $ 2 . 10 2.20 $ 2.30 .50 .60 .70 .80 .90 1.00 1. 10 1.20 2 .00 2. 10 2.20 2.40 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2. 30 Elevator op era tors, p assenger (men) ________ Nonmanufacturing __________________________ 37 33 $ 0.66 .60 17 17 " " 6 6 - " 1 1 - 4 4 3 “ - 5 5 “ " - - - - - - - - Elevator op era tors, p assenger (women) _____ Nonmanufacturing __________________________ 151 15r .55 .55 21 21 5 5 33 33 13 13 64 64 - - 3 3 11 11 1 1 - _ - _ _ _ - _ - _ - _ “ _ - _ _ - _ Guards _ _ Manufacturing 1.72 1.77 - _ - _ - _ - _ 1 1 _ “ - 13 5 13 9 14 11 10 6 15 15 1 1 1 - 23 23 20 20 21 21 . - _ - _ _____________________________ 158 134 - Janitors, p orters, and clea n ers (men) _______ ___ Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing ___________________________ Public utilities * ___ ____ ____________ 1, 232 581 651 75 1.07 1.26 .90 1. 11 “ _ _ 65 65 " 43 43 ■ 85 85 " 66 18 48 ” 104 29 75 5 165 87 78 22 213 89 124 17 121 78 43 21 53 22 31 “ 94 78 16 68 59 9 “ 8 8 8 42 28 14 " 69 61 8 2 34 32 2 ~ 2 2 “ _ _ " _ _ “ _ ~ _ _ _ - Janitors, p orters, and clea n ers (w om en )_____ M anufacturing______________________________ Nonmanufacturing _______ ______________ Public utilities * _________________________ 461 11$ 342 52 .74 .98 .66 .94 16 16 4 4 " 108 108 “ 46 46 “ 23 23 1 57 38 19 2 50 21 29 17 30 24 6 - 99 13 86 30 7 4 3 ~ 4 4 - - 2 2 “ 1 1 “ 4 2 2 2 10 10 * . - - - " " _ - L a b orers, m aterial handling ________ ____ M anufacturing___ __ ______________________ Nonmanufacturing ___ _________________ 3, 113 2, 6 6 1 1, 052 1.23 1.22 1.24 _ ” _ “ 3 3 2 2 16 16 97 9 88 132 112 20 430 349 81 534 356 178 567 307 260 406 389 17 241 183 58 125 53 72 26 10 16 52 21 282 70 212 130 130 “ 12 10 2 52 52 - 6 6 . - - O rder fille r s __________________________________ M anufacturing_________________ ._____________ N onm anufacturing___________________________ 763 152 611 1.26 1.29 1.25 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - 21 21 - 102 26 76 170 20 150 175 42 133 26 6 20 22 22 99 8 91 7 7 21 21 102 11 91 5 5 - _ - _ - _ - _ - 3 13 13 ~ P a ckers, shipping (m e n )____________________ __ M anufacturing_________________ _____________ N onm anufacturing__________________________ 379 169 210 1.30 1.26 1.33 _ - _ - " _ “ 1 1 4 3 49 45 4 23 10 13 71 7 64 76 33 43 10 6 4 8 4 4 21 17 4 26 19 7 14 14 13 13 _ “ 52 1 51 3 3 “ _ “ _ “ 3 8 8 " P a ck ers, shipping (women) ___________________ M anufacturing_______________________________ N onm anufacturing__________________________ 106 6o 46 1.08 1.08 1.07 _ - _ “ “ 1 1 2 2 10 7 3 15 14 1 8 8 “ 24 4 20 15 12 3 3 3 13 13 “ 15 15 “ _ “ _ “ _ - _ - _ ■ _ ■ _ “ _ - R eceiving clerk s _ _________________ _______ M anufacturing----------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------- 191 87 104 _ - _ - • - _ - _ - _ - 1 1 2 2 11 11 12 12 5 5 27 9 18 11 11 13 5 8 5 3 2 16 6 10 8 8 25 11 14 18 8 10 10 10 • 27 27 * _ " _ - Shipping clerk s ________________________________ Manufacturing ___________ ___________ __ N onm anufacturing___________________________ 195 97 98 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 - - - - - - - 3 11 3 8 23 1 22 11 8 3 41 31 10 5 1 4 24 16 8 20 15 5 12 5 7 ' ' ' ' 12 3 9 1 1 “ 16 8 8 4 4 - 5 1 4 3 7 - 2 2 10 10 Shipping and receiving clerk s _________________ M anufacturing___ _ __ _ _______ _ — Nonmanufacturing ___________ _______ 107 34 1.59 ... r: 84“ 1.39 1.64 1.69 1.59 1.63 175$ 1.75 _ _ - - - See footnotes at end o f table. * Transportation (excluding railroa ds), communication, and other public utilities. 1 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - 3 - 3 17 -----g— 9 16 9 7 2 14 8 6 — T T ‘ 13 6 7 16 7 16 1 5 5 8 8 10 4 6 - - 7 ' 3 3 5 5 3 2 2 Occupational Wage Survey, Memphis, T enn., February 1956 U .S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics 10 Table A-4: Custodial and Material-Movement Occupations - Continued (Average hourly earnings 1 fo r selected occupations 2 studied on an area basis in Memphis, T e n n ., by industry division, February 1956) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING 8TRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— $ 0.20 and $ 0.30 $ 0.40 $ $ 0. 50 0.60 .40 .50 .6 0 .70 “ “ - $ 0.70 $ 0.80 $ 0.90 $ 1.00 .80 .90 1.00 1.10 1.20 9 9 - 18 18 - 39 39 - 152 23 129 - 148 114 22 147 45 102 " ■ 9 9 13 13 26 26 62 54 50 47 • “ - 5 5 - 11 11 - 62 15 47 ■ “ ” “ - 2 2 28 _ ~ _ “ _ - _ - _ - ■ _ _ _ _ _ _ ■ _ " 44 25 19 Number of workers Average hourly earnings T ru ckd rivers4 •_______________________________ Manufacturing_____________________________ Nonm anufacturing__________________________ Public utilitie s * ________________________ 1,703 411 1,292 512 $ 1.47 1.34 1.51 1.83 ■ Truckdrivers, light (under 1Vg t o n s ) ______ N onm anufacturing_____________________ 207 185 1.00 .97 _ _ _ _ “ ■ ~ T ruckdrivers, medium (lVg to and including 4 tons) _________________________ M anufacturing___________________________ Nonm anufacturing______________________ Public utilities * _____________________ 655 205 450 183 1.45 1.39 1.48 1.79 ” - Truckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons, tra iler type) _____________________________ Manufacturing_______ j____ ___________ N onm anufacturing______________________ 406 62 344 1.64 1.46 1.67 ■ - Truckers, power (forklift) ___________________ M anufacturing_____________________________ Nonmanufacturing______________________ __ 480 347T" 140 1.44 1.57 1. 12 _ - T ruckers, power (other than forklift) Manufacturing _ ___________________________ 64 44 1.49 1.72 _ Watchmen ___________________________________ / Manufacturing ____________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____ __________________ Public utilities * ________________________ 270 146 124 32 1.00 1.07 .9 0 .94 _ Occupation and industry division unt o r 1 2 3 4 * “ - - " _ - - 2 - 7 - 24 2 5 2 7 22 2 5 Excludes premium pay for overtim e, and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Data lim ited to men w orkers except where otherwise indicated. A ll w orkers were at $ 2 .4 0 and over. Includes all d rivers regard less o f size and type of truck operated. Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities. - 15 15 “ $ 1. 20 $ 1.30 $ 1.40 $ 1.50 $ 1.60 $ 1.70 $ 1.80 $ 1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2. 10 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 1. 30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2 .0 0 2. 10 2 .2 0 2 .3 0 2.40 342 155 187 - 38 38 - 43 30 13 1 10 9 1 1 17 15 20 17 _ “ 4 4 77 21 56 17 83 36 47 - 84 40 44 “ 12 12 ■ 13 2 IT 40 28 40 48 10 38 34 - ' 34 84 31 53 33 23 10 53 30 23 26 6 _ 2 ■ 40 12 28 24 80 53 27 31 27 10 7 5 1 - U “ 1.10 - 4 $ 2 2 - 17 5 12 6 588 43 545 476 ■ ~ 5 ■ 26 21 5 1 3 2 1 1 2 2 - 9 9 6 250 33 217 154 20 18 2 2 22 22 “ 13 9 4 7 7 - 3 3 113 10 103 20 20 ” 67 59 19 19 “ _ - 37 25 12 _ _ _ ■ _ 6 6 _ “ ” 10 4 6 j 1 - 13 12 1 _ - 3 8 _ 85 20 65 2 9 7 2 2 . _ 1 " “ 2 2 2 - 54 54 . _ . “ “ 7 5 2 2 ~ - 4 4 " 65 2 63 “ 2 2 “ 50 50 19 1$ “ 2 2 “ 92 92 _ " _ “ 9 9 3 3 10 10 1 1 _ 7 7 “ _ - 3 3 - _ - _ _ - _ - ■ - - - 3 5 5 “ _ 11 B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-l: Shift Differential Provisions 1 P e rce n t o f m anufacturing plant w o rk e rs — (a) In establishm ents having fo rm a l p ro v is io n s fo r — Shift d ifferential Second shift w ork T o t a l __ ____ _ __ __ . _ 7 6.0 ____ __ T h ird o r other shift w ork (b) A ctually w orking on— Second shift 67. 1 13.2 T h ird o r other shift 6.8 55.0 50.3 10.6 5. 1 3 9 .9 35.0 8.7 4 .7 3 c e n t s ___ _______________ __________________ __ ___ 4 rent** 5 rents _ 7 c e n t s ________ _____________________________________ 7 V2 cents ____•________________ _____________________ 8 cents _________________—r,______„___________ ,_______ ---- _ __ . _____ _____ 9 cents 10 cents _ 12 cents _ — _ __ _ Over 12 c e n t s ------------------------------------------------------------ 12.2 1.3 12.6 1.1 1.6 2 .2 2 .5 4.8 1.6 11.1 8.9 1.3 2.5 6.5 1. 1 3.6 4.1 .1 1 .6 . 1 .2 .6 1 .0 2. 8 _ .5 . 1 t 1. 1 t .2 U niform p e r c e n ta g e ____________________________________ 13.6 13.6 1.9 .4 . 1 .2 1. 6 - t .4 With shift pay d iffe r e n t ia l________________________________ U niform cents (per hour) _ __ _ _ ___ . 5 p ercen t 6 p ercen t ... . . _.r _ . T .... 7 Vz p ercen t _____ _ _ _ _________ _ _ 10 p ercen t _ _________________ __ Full d a y’s pay fo r reduced h o u r s ______________________ No shift pay d ifferential __ _____ __ _ ___ 4 .9 1.3 7 .4 1. 1 1.3 3. 8 7 .4 1.0 1.5 1.7 - - 2 1 .0 16.8 2 .6 1.7 1 Shift differential data are p resen ted in te rm s o f (a) establishm ent p o lic y , and (b) w o rk e rs actually em p loyed on late shifts at the tim e o f the survey. An establishm ent was co n sid e re d as having a p o lic y i f it m et eith er o f the follow ing co n d i tion s: (1) O perated late shifts at the tim e o f the su rv e y , o r (2) had fo rm a l p r o v is io n s cov e rin g late shifts, t L ess than 0 .0 5 p ercen t. O ccupational Wage S urvey, M em p h is, Tenn. , F eb ru a ry 1956 U .S . DEPARTM EN T OF LABOR Bureau o f L a b or Statistics 12 Table B-2: Minimum Entrance Rates for Women Office Workers!1 N um ber o f establishm ents with s p ecified m inim um hiring rate in— M anufacturing M inim um rate (weekly sala ry ) E stablishm ents studied B ased on standard w eekly h o u r s 2 o f— A ll in d u stries ____________________________________ 134 Nonm anufacturing | Number o f esta blishm ents with s p e c ifie d m inim um h irin g rate in— || M anufacturing 40 AH schedules 40 52 XXX 82 XXX II 134 FO R INEXPERIENCED TYPISTS E stablishm ents having a sp ecified m inim um _ $ 25.00 $ 27. 50 $ 3 0.00 $ 32. 50 $ 3 5 .0 0 $ 37. 50 $ 4 0 . 00 $ 4 2 . 50 $ 4 5 . 00 $ 4 7 .5 0 $ 50. 00 $ 52. 50 $ 55. 00 $ 57. 50 and and and and and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under under under under under $ 2 7 .5 0 $ 30. 00 $ 3 2 .5 0 $ 3 5 .0 0 $ 3 7 .5 0 $ 4 0 . 00 $ 4 2 .5 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 $ 47. 50 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 52. 50 $ 55. 00 $ 57. 50 $ 60. 00 _ __ _ _ ____ 51 17 1 2 6 _ - 16 B ased on standard w eek ly hou rs 2 o f— A ll II industries A ll schedules Nonman afa ctu r ing A ll sched ules 40 A ll schedules 40 52 XXX 32 XXX FOR OTHER IN EXPE RIE N C E D C L E R IC A L WORKERS 34 25 57 21 20 36 1 _ 4 1 4 11 _ 1 1 1 2 2 5 2 8 4 17 7 2 2 3 2 _ _ _ 3 1 6 5 1 2 2 1 _ _ _ _ 3 1 6 5 1 2 1 1 2 2 5 2 5 3 11 2 1 1 1 1 2 6 _ 2 4 12 1 3 1 1 - - - - - - - 1 1 1 - - 1 1 1 XXX 21 _ _ _ 3 1 5 5 27 1 4 2 4 3 10 _ 1 1 5 5 17 6 3 2 2 1 1 _ 3 1 5 5 1 1 1 - ___________ 24 10 XXX 14 XXX 39 18 E stablishm ents which did not em ploy w ork ers in this c a t e g o r y ____________________________________________ 58 25 XXX 33 XXX 37 13 XXX 24 XXX Data not a va ilab le. __________________________________________ 1 XXX 1 XXX ” XXX 1 XXX - __________________________ _______________________________ _ _______________________________ __ _ _______________________________ _______________________________ _____________________________ _________________________ __ E stablishm ents having no s p ecifie d m inim um - 1 - 1 Low est salary rate fo rm a lly established fo r hiring in ex p erien ced w o rk e rs fo r typing o r other c le r ic a l jo b s . 2 H ours r e fle c t the w orkweek fo r which em p loy ees re c e iv e th eir reg u la r straigh t-tim e s a la rie s . Data a re p resented fo r a ll workw eeks com bin ed, and f o r the m o st co m m o n w orkw eek - 1 XXX re p o rte d . O ccupational Wage S u rvey, M em phis, T e n n ., F e b ru a ry 1956 U .S . D E P A RTM EN T OF LA BO R B ureau o f L a b or S ta tistics 13 Table B-3: Scheduled Weekly Hours PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS1EMPLOYED IN— W e e k ly h o u r s . All industries 2 ! j Manufacturing ! 100 PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— | 1 Public utilities * ! Public utilities * Manufacturing All industries3 1 A l l w o r k e r s -------------------------------------------------------------- 100 35 h o u r s --------------------------------------------------------------------37 y2 — ----- — --------------- -------------------------O v e r 3 7 V2 an d u n d e r 40 h o u r s ---------------------------40 h o u r s -------------------------------------------—----------------------O v e r 40 and u n d e r 4 4 h o u r s ------------------------------44 h o u r s --------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 4 4 and u n d e r 48 h o u r s --------------------------------4 8 h o u r s ______ ._____________________________________ O v e r 4 8 h o u r s ---------------------------------------------------------- t 6 1 3 t * 4 74 5 _ i°° - 60 ~ 33 3 t 6 86 4 6 3 t 3 t - t t • _ ! 100 jj . 67 6 t i. t 1: f !< 11 11 100 100 t . _ 67 16 _ 11 - 82 t - 11 3 “ t 7 - D ata r e la t e t o w o m e n w o r k e r s o n ly . I n c lu d e s data f o r w h o le s a le t r a d e ; r e t a il t r a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s in a d d itio n to t h o s e in d u s t r y d iv is io n s s h ow n s e p a r a t e ly . I n c lu d e s data f o r w h o le s a le t r a d e , r e t a il t r a d e , r e a l e s ta te , and s e r v i c e s in a d d itio n to th o s e in d u s t r y d iv is io n s sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y , L e s s th an 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . T r a n s p o r t a t io n ( e x c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t i li t ie s . Table B-4: Paid Holidays1 PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— ! : Item All industries 2 A l l w o r k e r s ------------------------------------------- —--------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id h o l i d a y s ---------------------------------------------------------L e s s than 4 h o lid a y s ---------------------------------------4 h o lid a y s ----------------------------------------------------------5 h o lid a y s ---------------------------------------------------------F u ll d a y s o n ly --------------------------------------------P lu s 1 h a lf d a y --------------------------------------------6 h o l i d a y s ------------------------------------------------------------F u ll d a y s o n ly --------------------------------------------P lu s 2 h a lf d a y s -----------------------------------------7 h o lid a y s ----------------------------------------------------------F u ll d a y s o n ly --------------------------------------------P lu s 2 h a lf d a y s ------------------------------------------8 h o lid a y s ----------------------------------------------------------F u ll d a y s o n ly --------------------------------------------P lu s 1 h a lf d a y --------------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g n o p a id h o lid a y s --------------------------------------------------- 100 Manufacturing 100 v Public utilities* ; 100 PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— j1 ! 1 All industries3 j Manufacturing 100 Public utilities* 100 100 88 88 _ 1 100 100 100 t t - 3 54 53 3 32 31 t t 17 14 3 20 19 3 26 22 4 31 28 3 5 5 - * “ t 5 t t 12 12 39 39 != ! ! ' 85 4 8 32 32 23 19 4 16 16 t j | 1! !; ! i | i 5 23 23 - ! 20 220 _ 34 28 6 21 20 39 39 t t t t - - - - _ ” 15 12 12 1 - 48 48 - ! 3 3 30 30 _ - E s t im a t e s r e la t e t o f u l l - d a y h o lid a y s p r o v id e d a n n u a lly , as in e a r l i e r s t u d ie s . T h e s e a r e fu r th e r d iv id e d b e tw e e n w o r k e r s w h o r e c e i v e m e r e l y the in d ic a te d n u m b e r o f f u ll - d a y h o lid a y s , a n d t h o s e w h o r e c e i v e 1 o r m o r e h a lf h o lid a y s in a d d itio n . I n c lu d e s data f o r w h o le s a le t r a d e ; r e t a il tr a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s in a d d itio n to th o s e in d u s t r y d iv is io n s s h ow n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 In c lu d e s da ta f o r w h o le s a l e t r a d e , r e t a il t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , and s e r v i c e s in a d d itio n to th o s e in d u s t r y d iv is io n s sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . t L e s s than 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . O c c u p a tio n a l W a ge S u r v e y , M e m p h is , T en n . , F e b r u a r y 1956 * T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t i li t ie s . U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s 14 Table B*5: Paid Vacations PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED I N V a c a tio n p o l ic y All industries 1 PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— Public utilities * Manufacturing i ;; Ail industries 2 Manufacturing Public utilities * i A ll w o r k e r s _ ,. ______ _ - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 t 100 97 3 100 100 - 98 87 li 99 80 19 100 98 • “ t t * 35 .. 64 36 _ 60 4 71 _ 28 - 84 93 t t t 70 _ 25 - 21 34 68 4 26 - 85 4 10 “ 32 12 54 - 38 20 40 " 90 - 14 81 17 78 100 t t t t M ETH O D O F PAYM ENT W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id v a c a t i o n s 3 _ __ _ __ ___ __ __ __ L e n g t h -o f - t i m e p a y m e n t __ __ __ __ __ ___ P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t ___ __ __ ____ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g n o p a id v a c a t i o n s ____ __ __________ _ __ 1 “ • t A M O U N T O F V A C A T IO N P A Y A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k _____ ____________ __ __ __ __ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s _________________________ .................. ........................... 2 w eeks . .. .. . _____ __ _ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s __ t 12 - A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w ooV O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s _ _ ___ _ 2 w eeks __ __ __ _____ _________ __ __ _ _____ __ __ __ O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s 17 f 81 t _ . 66 - 75 4 37 _ 63 - A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k _____ ____________ __ __ __ ___ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s __ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ 2 w e e k s ________________________________________!____ _ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s 7 t 91 t 8 • 88 4 t ' 98 - 10 - A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek __ ________ __ __ ____________ __ __ __ 2 w eeks __ __ O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s __ __ __ __ __ 3 w eeks __ _ __ ___ _____ _ t t 94 t 91 6 t 6 93 4 _ i ( i _ ' S ee fo o tn o te s at en d o f t a b le . O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , M e m p h is , T e n n . , F e b r u a r y 1956 * T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t i li t ie s . U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s NOTE: In the ta b u la tio n s o f v a c a t io n a llo w a n c e s b y y e a r s o f s e r v i c e , p a y m e n ts o th e r than "le n g th o f t i m e " , s u c h a s p e r c e n t a g e o f annual e a r n in g s o r f l a t - s u m p a y m e n t s , w e r e c o n v e r t e d to an e q u iv a le n t t im e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s w as c o n s i d e r e d as 1 w e e k 's p a y . 15 Table B-5: Paid Vacations - Continued PERCENT OP OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— V a c a t io n p o l i c y All industries 1 Manufacturing Public utilities * All industries a I ! Manufacturing Public utilities * 100 1------------------------------------------------ 100 \ A l l w o r k e r s _____ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 100 100 100 i i ! ■" .............. 100 A M O U N T O F V A C A T IO N P A Y - C o n tin u e d i i A f t e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k _________________________________________________ 2 w e e k s ______ _____ _ ____ __ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s ___ __ __ _____ __ 3 w eeks __ __ __ _ _ ______ _____ ___ O v e r 3 and u n d e r 4 w e e k s _ _____ __ __ 4 w eeks _____ __ ____ _ __ _________ _____ t 76 7 14 t t t 71 6 19 t t 48 5 44 t t t 48 t 47 t t 37 t 58 t 3 t 39 t 55 t t t 34 t 48 t 15 t 37 t 49 t 9 _ 76 . 19 _ 6 14 58 24 t 13 65 15 6 - _ 82 18 . - A f t e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ___ _ ___________ 2 w e e k s ___ _ ___ __ ___ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s __ _________ __ __ 3 w eeks __ __ __ __ ___ __ __ _ __ _ O v e r 3 an d u n d e r '4 w e e k s __________ __ ___________ 4 w eeks _ _ __ __ _________ __ __ __ 9 . 84 7 13 44 t 39 - * | 14 38 4 42 _ 16 . 84 . - A f t e r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k __ --------- _ ___ __ ___ __ --------- _ ___ __7______ __ ___ ___ 2 w eeks — O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s _ ___ __ __ __ 3 w e e k s ___ ______________ __ ____ ___ __ ___ ___ _ O v e r 3 and u n d e r 4 w e e k s _ „ __ __ __ ----4 w eeks _________ _____ _________ __ _ __ _ j; 1 9 . 72 20 1 t 14 36 4 44 . - _ 16 _ 74 10 13 38 3 39 _ 6 14 36 4 41 . 3 16 _ 74 _ 10 13 41 3 40 - > A f t e r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ___ _________________ 2 w eeks __ ________________ __ _ ___ __ __ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s ___ _ _ 3 w eeks — — — __ __ __ _____ __ _____ O v e r 3 and u n d e r 4 w e e k s 4 w eeks — __ — _________ _________ _ _____ _ 1 9 72 _ 20 _ * I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w h o le s a le t r a d e ; r e t a il t r a d e ; fin a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s in a d d itio n to th o s e in d u s t r y d iv is io n s sh ow n s e p a r a t e l y . I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w h o le s a le t r a d e , r e t a il t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , and s e r v i c e s in a d d itio n to th o s e in d u s t r y d iv is io n s sh ow n s e p a r a t e l y . 3 In c lu d e s p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s w h ich d id n o t p r o v id e v a c a t io n s u n til a ft e r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e , a s f o ll o w s : P la n t w o r k e r s - a ll in d u s t r ie s , 1 p e r c e n t ; m a n u fa c tu r in g , 2 p e r c e n t ; p u b lic u t i l i t i e s , 5 p e r c e n t . f L e s s than 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . * T r a n s p o r t a t io n ( e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t i li t ie s . 16 Table B-6: Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN— T y p e o f p la n Manufacturing Public utilities * 100 100 100 91 91 100 50 60 34 62 37 73 69 85 47 28 22 27 13 85 85 44 10 61 5 86 85 50 5 52 42 59 59 37 7 59 t 5 All industries 1 A l l w o r k e r s __ — — -------- — __ — -------- __ _ ;1 All industries 2 Manufacturing Public utilities * 100 100 100 72 69 83 41 51 35 60 48 66 64 78 57 n W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g : L ife in s u r a n c e _____ _____ ___ __ _ A c c id e n t a l death and d is m e m b e r m e n t in s u r a n c e — __ _________ __ __ — __ _ S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t i n s u r a n c e o r s i c k le a v e o r b oth 3 ____________________ _____ , S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t i n s u r a n c e --------------S ic k l e a v e (fu ll Day and no w a itin g p e r i o d ) ----------------------- .------------------S ic k le a v e (p a r t ia l p a y o r w a itin g p e r i o d ) - ------------- ------------- -----______________ H o s p it a liz a t io n in s u r a n c e S u r g ic a l i n s u r a n c e _____________________________ M e d ic a l i n s u r a n c e ________*------------------------------C a ta s tr o p h e in s u r a n c e ________________________ R e t ir e m e n t p e n s io n __ ___________________ _ N o h ea lth , in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n plan -------- __ -------------------------------- ----- __ * 1 ! 4 5 a 66 64 32 5 42 5 70 67 40 3 45 41 44 44 19 3 63 20 23 17 In clu d e s data f o r w h o le s a le t r a d e ; r e t a il t r a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s in a d d itio n to th o s e in d u s tr y d iv is io n s sh ow n s e p a r a t e l y . In c lu d e s data f o r w h o le s a le t r a d e , r e t a il t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , and s e r v i c e s in a d d itio n to th o s e in d u s t r y d iv i s i o n s show n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 U n d u p lica ted to ta l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv i n g s i c k l e a v e o r s i c k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e s h o w n s e p a r a t e ly b e l o w . O c c u p a t io n a l W a g e S u r v e y , M e m p h is , T e n n . , F e b r u a r y 1956 f L e s s than 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R * T r a n s p o r t a t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t i li t ie s . B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s 17 Appendix: Job Descriptions The a s s is t a its v a r ie ty and o f fro m ra tes s ta ff to t itle s fro m s u p e r v is o r s , tem p o ra ry , in jo b in to in p r o b a tio n a r y o rd e r th e to B eca u se con ten t, in d iv id u a l th e le a r n e r s , fie ld th e o f fro m th is or jo b on o f is to e s t a b lis h m e n t fo r m ay d iffe r o th er in s tr u c te d h a n d ic a p p e d to under o c c u p a tio n a l d e s c r ip tio n s a re su rv ey s e m p lo y e d w age in te r e s t a b lis h m e n t p rep a red t r a in e e s , a re g r o u p in g e m p h a s is th ose w age w ho e s ta b lis h m e n t th e r e p r e s e n ta tiv e s b e g in n e r s , B u re a u ^ w o rk e rs p e r m it B u r e a u 's e s t a b lis h m e n t s B u r e a u 's fo r o c c u p a tio n s a rra n g em en ts in con ten t. o f o c c u p a tio n a l use d e s c r ip tio n s w ork e s s e n tia l jo b d e s c r ip tio n s , jo b a p p r o p r ia te d iffe r e n t a p p r e n tic e s , and p r e p a r in g is c o m p a r a b le th ose th ese and T h is c o m p a r a b ilit y a p p ly in g o f c la s s ify in g a rea . r e p r e s e n t in g c a n tly pu rp ose in p a y r o ll a rea in te ra re a in g p r im a r y fie ld and s ig n ifi p u rp o se s. to e x c lu d e w o rk e rs, In w o rk p a r t-tim e , w o rk e rs . O f f i c e B IL L E R , P r e p a re s th a n an a s b illin g s to B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E M A C H IN E sta te m e n ts, o r d in a r y c id e n t a l o r to m a c h in e , o r s h ip p in g b illin g a re b ills , e le c tr o m a tic ch a rg es o r o p e r a tio n s . c la s s ifie d by ty p e and in v o ic e s ty p e w r ite r . p e r fo rm F or w age on M ay oth er stu d y o f m a c h in e , a as m a c h in e a ls o k eep c le r ic a l w o rk p u rp oses, C la s s oth er re co rd s in b ille r s , th e stru ctu re m in e s m a c h in e are (M o o n s h ip p in g b illin g fa n fo ld and T he c o p ie s o f w h ic h t o t a ls b ill U ses to be U s u a lly in v o lv e s m ay o r ch a rg es m ay not a re u s u a lly be in v o lv e s a p p lic a t io n e n try on o f th e a c c u m u la te d la r g e is and p rep a red com p u ted a and w h ic h b ills and a u to m a tic a lly p rep a red b illin g e tc. , p rep a re in t e r n a lly s h ip p in g b e in g s p e c ia l o rd e rs, e tc. w h ic h a B u rrou g h s, m a c h in e s ) and o p e r a tio n th e - F is h e r , p u rch ase d is c o u n ts e x te n s io n s , m a c h in e . E llio t t m em ora n d a , m a c h in e , ca rb on m a c h in e ) a n d a d d in g cu s to m e rs ' p r e d e te r m in e d n e ce s s a ry by ty p in g fr o m o r d e r s , (b illin g H o p k in s , c o m b in a tio n in v o ic e s o f m a c h in e n u m ber o fte n done on o f a u sed m a c h in e o r b ills (S u n d s tr a n d , m ay a s p art in v o lv e s th e re c o rd . n u m ber not h ave o f th e o f s a le s and th e r e c e iv a b le d e b it o r c r e d it en try o f c r e d it W ork s b a la n c e s . R and, e tc. , on D oes not k e e p in g . under b ille r , v en tory b a la n c e s C L E R K , and h as p le te set m e n t 's A in v o lv e a sta n d a rd k n o w l ty p es B m a k in g ou t S u n d stra n d , a ty p e w r ite r B u rrou g h s, k e y b o a rd ) to (R e m in g to n N a t io n a l C a s h keep a r e c o rd o f R e g is te r , b u s in e s s R and, w ith E llio t t o r M ay one o r a by fo r ite m s c o n s o lid a te d in o r s e c t io n s o f b a s ic b o o k p a y a b le , p a y r o ll, o f b illin g d e s c r ib e d exp en se th e D e te r c r e d it p h a ses ty p e a s s is t o f w it h hand. a ccou n ts d is tr ib u tio n , sh eets u sed . and k n o w le d g e s im p le o r k n o w le d g e p rep a re m o re lit t le in c lu d e g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n o r d is tr ib u tio n , p r e p a r a tio n a c c o u n tin g o f in t r ia l d ep a rtm en t, e x a m in in g - and th e t r a n s a c tio n s . t io n a l b a s is ph ase in v o lv e s in v o ic e s r e q u ir e s and o f p o s tin g c o d in g c lo s in g a ccou n t o f a o r ju d g m e n t co m an e s ta b lis h and b a la n c in g r e c e iv a b le or v ou ch ers and a llo c a t io n s . m ay a c w ith e x p e r ie n c e M ay jo u r n a l e n t r ie s ; s u p e r v is io n , m o re su ch v o u ch e rs, a ccou n ts; le d g e r s . w h ic h one or s e c t io n s a ccou n ts a s s ig n a tio n s U nder bank w it h to m o re as d is tr ib u tio n ; and or a s s is t d ir e c t in c la s s c le r k s . p a y a b le a c c o u n tin g W ork su ch and o f a book k eep er one r e la tin g le d g e r s o p e r a tio n s g en era l k e e p in g re c o rd s a d ju s tin g , B fo r tr a n s a c tio n s . p rop er a c c o u n tin g C la s s by F is h e r , o r le d g e r r e c o n c ilin g m a c h in e o f ch eck co n tro l U nder b u s in e s s p r e p a r in g , o f O P E R A T O R b o o k k e e p in g - o f b ook s s u b s id ia r y in co s t d e b it r e c o rd s r e q u ir in g M ay r e s p o n s ib ility a c c o u n tin g a u to and oth er sy stem o f w ork . a a n d fa m ilia r ity A C C O U N T IN G p rop er p r in ts a c c o u n tin g s e c tio n s p rep a re r e q u ir in g p r in c ip le s d is tr ib u tio n r e c o rd e tc. c u s to m e r s 1 le d g e r a a o r C o n tin u e d r e c o rd s o f th e u s u a lly m a c h in e ), c o n tr o l, a ccou n ts a K eeps p a y a b le ; on and p h a se P h a ses a c c o u n tin g O p era tes - o f p a r t ic u la r sh eets, cou n ts fig u r e s set - b o o k k e e p in g c u s t o m e r s ' a c c o u n t s (n o t in c lu d in g s lip s . B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E ea ch G e n e r a lly u s u a lly and w h ic h c u s to m e rs 1 o p e r a tio n . and u n ifo rm a b o o k k e e p in g p rep a re a c c u m u la te s com p u tes fro m U ses to fig u r e s a u to m a tic a lly and - R e m in g to n a ccou n ts c o lu m n s b o o k k e e p in g . F is h e r , k eyb oa rd ) m a c h in e o f v e r tic a l edge E llio t t m a c h in e ) ty p e w r ite r s im u lta n e o u s T he m a tic a lly (b o o k k e e p in g th e set o f re co rd s a n t, m ay B a re co rd s b a la n c e C la s s m a c h in e o f in C la s s o f a m a c h in e . B ille r , K eeps in b a s i c p rop er re p o rts , B ille r , - an d e x p e r ie n c e to fo llo w s : A O P E R A T O R T h is b o o k k e e p in g r o u tin e am on g as on e s im p le r e g is te r s ; s u b s id ia r y not p r in c ip le s w o rk w o rk e rs . le d g e r s r e q u ir e but is r o u t in e in v o u c h e r v ou ch ers d oes m o re v o u ch e rs, p o s tin g jo b or jo u r n a l e n te r in g a c c o u n tin g se v e ra l p e r fo rm s p o s tin g is a fo u n d c o n tr o lle d k n o w le d g e in s u b d iv id e d o ffic e s on a o f in fu n c 18 C L E R K , K E Y -P U N C H F IL E C la s s A - R e s p o n s ib le fo r sy stem . C la s s ifie s m ay file th is m a te r ia l. c o n ju n c t io n w it h file s in a ls o m a te r ia l in th e m a in t a in in g a n d in d e x e s o r file s . M ay k eep s u p e r v is e M ay and e s t a b lis h e d co rre sp o n d e n ce re co rd s oth ers p e r fo rm or in oth er of v a r io u s filin g in c id e n ta l and ty p es lo c a tin g c le r ic a l U nder filin g m a te r ia l; d u tie s . b ilitie s , by p u n c h in g u s in g C la s s B - P e r fo r m s a lr e a d y b e e n te r ia l C L E R K , in th e file s . an a fo llo w in g : o f to o f a s s is ts in c id e n ta l m ak e m a t e r ia l in th a t lo c a tin g c le r ic a l of fo llo w o rd e rs up m a te r ia l in v o lv e cu sto m e rs; u p th e fille d . fo r D u t ie s to sh eet; r a t in g cu sto m e rs, p r ic e s to be o rd e rs p e r s o n a lly . o rd e r c r e d it o f cu stom ers* o r ite m s on p a rtm en ts file p e r fo rm u s u a lly or M ay o rd e r; d is tr ib u tin g M ay ch eck m a k in g c h e c k in g ord er w it h in fo r m a tio n d e v ic e v e r ify O F F IC E d u tie s . o rd e rs see r e c e iv e d , and th a t ch eck out an p r ic e s c r e d it a c k n o w le d g e m e r c h a n d is e c o m b in a t io n sh eets cu sto m e r, to or any to th ey have s h ip p in g by of o rd e r th e sh eet o f fille d , w it h d e d e te r o rd e rs been in v o ic e s to d a ta on th e b a sed on p a y r o ll out tr ib u tin g sh e ets. or ra te, and e n v e lo p e s . and d u ty o th er C om p tom eter p e r fo rm a n ce is to su ch as a en ters P e r fo r m s a d m in is tr a tiv e m en ts fo r and k eep d e n tia l o r ig in a l th e C a lc u la tin g p o s tin g s ib ilitie s , not p le te d w ork k e y -p u n c h M ay o f m a c h in e , d u p lic a t e ca rd s K eeps file s fo llo w in g by o f ca rd s seq u en ce, u s in g p u n ch th e ca rd s . o th e rs. r o u t in e and d u tie s su ch oth er as su ch as s e a le r s m in o r e x e c u tiv e phone m a il, ta k in g s e c r e ta ria l an d or s u p e r io r ; m a k in g and d ic ta tio n or r u n n in g o r c le r ic a l tio n o r M ay p rep a re th e c le r ic a l p o s itio n . r e c e iv in g e rra n d s, m a ile r s , o p e n in g w ork . h a n d lin g w r itin g r o u t in e record ed or rep orts m a c h in e o ffic e ; on or c o n fi in it ia t iv e ; u sed ) e ith e r t r a n s c r ib in g in fo r m a tio n an a n s w e r in g a tr a n s c r ib in g o r m e m o ra n d a fo r in a p p o in t ow n not and on s u p e r io r m a k in g im p o r ta n t is m a c h in e , re p ro d u ce d a in to and co rre sp o n d e n ce s im ila r in fo r m a tio n s p e c ia l fo r in c lu d e c o m in g p e rso n a l t r a n s c r ib in g sten oty p e d u tie s D u t ie s p e o p le c a lls ; (w h e r e by w o r k e r s 1 and tota l in c a lc u la tin g w ages m a k in g d a ta w o r k in g due. up and o f in oth er P r im a r y e ith e r in in d ic ta m a c h in e . o f s u p e r io r . m o re p e rs o n s , G E N E R A L n orm a l M ay w r ite r . d is file s m a c h in e . d u ty sh orth a n d r o u t in e M ay in a ls o a c le r k , w h ic h , C om p tom eter is not w h ic h u se to be ty p e s c r ib in g -m a c h in e m ay o f th is to p e r fo r m c o n fu s e d in v o lv e m a th e w ith m a c h in e i^ P r im a r y th a t o f e ith e r in u se of v a r ie d te c h n ic a l in c id e n ta l to fre q u e n t d u tie s . rep orts on file s O P E R A T O R (M IM E O G R A P H O R g en era l re p ro d u ce s u s in g a su ch o r m u ltip le m im e o g r a p h as r e q u ir e d s te n c ils s u p e r v is io n fo r to in k and p re p a re d itto m a te r ia l. or c o p ie s d itto p ap er s te n c il m a ste rs. and w it h o f no fe e d or M ay cou n ter d itto s o rt, or M akes and m a ste r. c o lla t e , h a n d w r itte n c y lin d e r and tr a n s c r ib e w ritte n (s e e fro m one s im ila r co p y . r e c o r d s , th is M ay e tc. o r m a c h in e , in v o lv in g d ic ta tio n a ls o D oes tr a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e set not on up a and in c lu d e a ty p e k eep tra n o p e r a to r ). d u ty is or to by ta k e s p e c ia liz e d o rd e r, ty p e and fro m keep o r to one su ch as co p y . r e c o r d s , or m o re m a c h in e , tr a n s c r ib e w r itte n s im p le fro m s im ila r v o c a b u la r y re se a rch a ls o d ic ta tio n ste n o ty p e in le g a l th is M ay e tc. p e rs o n s , in v o lv in g b r ie fs d ic ta tio n a ls o D oes set not on up a o r a and in c lu d e w ork . O P E R A T O R re sp o n n e ce s s a ry M ay to or D IT T O ) s u p e r v is o r y ty p e w r itte n m a c h in e . and fr o m s c ie n tific in d ic ta tio n T E C H N IC A L or M ay ta k e sten oty p e s im p le w ork sh orth a n d ty p e w r ite r . to by keep S T E N O G R A P H E R , jo b is or v o c a b u la r y , o rd e r, S W IT C H B O A R D U nder u sed s p e c ifie d a n e c e s c a lc u la te d w o r k e r ’s n a m e , p a y m a ster u se and in v o lv e : r e co rd s ; in s u r a n c e , op era te T h is ty p e b u t, o f fo r a s s is t M ay D U P L IC A T IN G -M A C H IN E Is in ca rd s r e s p o n s i ta b u la tin g S E C R E T A R Y keep ju s tm e n t th e m a c h in e . m a c h in e s m a il, tr a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e m a tter, on n u m e r ic a l v a r io u s o ffic e d is tr ib u tin g fro m O P E R A T O R P r im a r y o r D u t ie s in fo r m a tio n d e d u c tio n s c o m p u t a t io n s . s t a t is t ic a l e m p lo y e e s p r o d u c tio n s h o w in g p a ych eck s pay o f com p a n y p a y r o ll C O M P T O M E T E R a w ages o n tim e sh eet, t im e , m a t ic a l or s u p e r v is o r y d a ta re co rd s . to no P A Y R O L L e a r n in g s d ays, a in a n d w it h s t a t is t ic a l G IR L ST E N O G R A P H E R , m ake or a tta ch ed OR m in o r sh orth a n d C o m p u te s sa ry h o le s on ow n w o rk B O Y a n d q u a n t it ie s r e s p e c tiv e d ep a rtm en t r e c e ip t of and m a o rd e rs. C L E R K , s e r ie s a lp h a b e tic a l w r itte n o p e r a tin g Q u o t in g th e ite m s m in e filin g , lo ca te s O R D E R p h on e, lis t in g M ay or s u p e r v is io n a c c o u n tin g P e r fo r m s R e c e iv e s m a il, r o u tin e c la s s ifie d , gen era l re co rd s d u p lic a tin g has O P E R A T O R k eep s ta p le a d O p era tes D u t ie s sp eed . c a lls . file m a tio n of c o m F or in v o lv e M ay to re co rd p erson s w ork ers r e c e p tio n is t. a s in g le - h a n d lin g w ho to ll w ho a ls o or m u ltip le -p o s it io n in c o m in g , c a lls c a ll a ct and in , as o r o u tg o in g , ta k e te le p h o n e and m e s s a g e s . o c c a s io n a lly r e c e p tio n is ts see s w itc h b o a r d . in t r a p la n t ta k e M ay o r o ffic e g iv e in fo r t e le p h o n e s w itc h b o a r d o r d e r s . o p e ra to r- 19 S W IT C H B O A R D In a d d it io n t io n o r ty p e to p e r fo r m in g m o n ito r -ty p e o r p e r fo rm T h is ty p in g tim e w h ile o r at T R A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T I O N I S T d u tie s s w itc h b o a r d , r o u tin e c le r ic a l c le r ic a l w ork m ay of a cts w ork ta k e op era tor, as as th e on a r e c e p tio n is t part m a jo r o f s in g le and r e g u la r part o f p o s i m ay th is a ls o in c lu d e d . or A s im ila r w ork er T A B U L A T IN G -M A C H IN E O p era tes s im p le or on op era te a u to m a tic a lly grou p s of fo rm s o r a c c o u n tin g w ir in g o f p lu g b o a r d s d ia g r a m s ; m a c h in e . in th a t p la c e s M ay ca rd s file a u x ilia r y ca rd s to be a n a ly z e s ta b u la tin g ca rd s re co rd s; sets a c c o r d in g ta b u la te d a fte r out M ay O P E R A T O R m a c h in e p u n ch ed d oes th ey are in to fe e d and and or tr a n s la te s p r in ts m a c h in e ; e s t a b lis h e d p r a c tic e ta b u la te d . and M ay, in O P E R A T O R , tr ib u tin g v o c a b u la r y fro m s c r ib in g la r y d u ty w ritte n as to fr o m C la s s m a t e r ia l in g sta rts and a d d itio n , and do in v o lv in g le g a l tr a n s c r ib e a b r ie fs m a c h in e s im p le v a r ie d or d ic ta tio n te c h n ica l on a re co rd s . c le r ic a l rep orts in v o lv in g w ork . or M ay D R A F T S M A N , a re p o s e s . p are under U ses u n its or p a rts fro m o f a ty p e s s im p le o f o f d r a w in g s c o n s tr u c tio n , d r a ft in g p la n s or to o ls p rep a red or as sk etch es, or by P la n s p e r fo rm M ay lim in a r y oth er p u r a n d d ir e c ts fo r D u t ie s in v o lv e p e r fo r m in g sk etch es, a s s ig n in g m o re and and a o f d e ta il e n g in e e r in g , w r itte n to or one of m ore fro m th e or M ay and d r a fts m e n rou gh in p r e In te r p r e tin g d e t e r m in in g in s p e c t in g a s s is t or m a n u fa c t u r in g fo llo w in g : verb a l o rd e rs; s u b o r d in a te s p r o b le m s . or d r a w in g s c o n s tr u c tio n , c o m b in a tio n d u tie s d iffic u lt and th e ir s u b o r d in a te s o f been little one fro m v a r io u s m ade s p e c ia l and m a t e r ia l by a n oth er tr a in in g , re p o rts or su ch or to p erson . as s o r tin g o f in and a n d in v o lv e d in th e w h ic h u n u su al k eep and w ord s d is is or ta b le s ta b le s fo rm le tte r s , T y p in g d ra ft; co p y a fr e q u e n t fro m fo r e ig n - se v e ra l ty p in g r o u t in e fo llo w in g : th ere fro m s t a t is t ic a l s p a c in g ; ty p e o f rou gh m a te r ia l c o m p lic a te d M ay m o re cop y te c h n ic a l c o m b in in g o r v e ry co rre cte d b a la n c e fo rm . so u rce s, to or m a in t a in fro m rou gh v a r y in g u n i d r a ft d e t a ils in to c ir c u m s ta n c e s . JB - P e rfo rm s r e la tiv e ly c le a r p o lic ie s , m ore one or or ty p ed m o re ta b le s o f d r a fts ; e t c . ; s e ttin g u p c o m p le x L E A D E R or s u p e r v is o r y D R A F T S M A N , rou gh a c tiv itie s p la n s sk etch es p ro ce d u re s; sten oty p e th e s im p le a lr e a d y fo llo w in g : r o u t in e ty p in g sta n d a rd set up and T y p in g o f fo rm s , ta b u la tio n s , spaced or p r o p e r ly . T e c h n i c a l d u tie s L E A D E R o f w o r k in g b lu e p r in ts , by as a or - C o n tin u e d r e g u la r a s s ig n m e n t, a d m in is tr a tiv e or p e rfo rm r e la te d d u tie s n a tu re. S E N IO R p r e d r a fts m a n . and o f la y o u t c o p y in g w ork w ork ; d u r in g P re p a re s w o r k in g d e t a ile d sk etch es or fa c tu rin g p u rp oses. P r e p a r in g w o r k in g to p u rp o se s. or g e n e r a l. d r a fts m a n u fa c tu r in g r e q u ir e d . fo r m u se p la n n in g e m e r g e n c ie s e n g in e e r in g , v a r io u s d ir e ctio n p r e p a r a tio n sh orth a n d c o p ie s have re co rd s P e r fo r m s or D R A F T S M A N , s c a le fo r d r a w in g s D R A F T S M A N , to - fin a l cop y ; in s u r a n c e o f a D ra w s m ake in v o lv in g filin g p la in C la s s not d ra fts m a n ) oth ers A v a r ie d fro m v oca b u re se a rch JU N IO R (A s s is ta n t o r in sten og ra p h er, m a il. la n g u a g e a ls o tra n P r o f e s s i o n a l m an a n orm a l W ork ers s p e c ia liz e d s c ie n tific w ork in fro m fin a l G E N E R A L t r a n s c r ib in g cop y d ic ta tio n su ch is to c a lc u la t io n s re c o rd s , in c o m in g s u it P r im a r y ty p e w r ite r a fte r c le r ic a l fo rm ity r o u tin e as tra n s a d ju s ts m a g a z in e do a b ills s im p le m a c h in e s . T R A N S C R IB IN G - M A C H IN E ty p e d ic ta tio n C o n tin u e d T Y P IS T in g d a ta ta k es c la s s ifie d - s w itc h b o a r d . U ses in fo r m a tio n is G E N E R A L d u tie s . w o rk e r’ s m ake la te d w ho m a c h in e O P E R A T O R , s c a le tio n s by su ch tru sse s; as o f be or ch an ges u sed , on p e n c il D u t ie s p la n s , d r a w in g s , a r c h ite c tu r a l, or e le c tr ic a l, a in w r itin g m ap s, m a k in g stren g th w ork , is d r a w in g s o f c h e c k in g fr e q u e n tly m e c h a n ic a l, M ay u n its in o r o f a o f o r th e n otes, m anu fo llo w in g : c r o s s -s e c t io n s , e n g in e e r in g m a te r ia ls , in k m a k in g in s p e c ia liz e d and m a te r ia ls a d ju s t m e n t s lin e s c o m p le t e e t c ., com p u ta b ea m s d im e n s io n s , s p e c ific a t io n s ; d e ta il fro m c o n s tr u c tio n , c o m b in a tio n s p e c ific a t io n s . p rep a re W ork d e ta il in s tr u m e n ts ; in v o lv e d d r a w in g s d r a w in g s . in v o lv e c o m p le t e d a n d q u a n titie s ; in and e n g in e e r in g , d e ta il d r a w in g s , d r a ft in g th ose v e r ify in g to tra ce u se p la n s fo r and le tte r s d r a w in g s , or fie ld as s t r u c tu r a l d r a ft in g . su ch 20 NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) - Continued A reg istered nurse who gives nursing se rv ice to ill or injured em ployees or other person s who becom e ill or suffer an accident on the prem ises o f a factory or other establishm ent. Duties involve a combination of the follow ing: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressin g of em ployees* in ju ries; keeping re co rd s of patients treated; preparing accident rep orts for com pensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees; and planning and carryin g out program s involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environm ent, or other activities affecting the health, w elfa re, safety o f all personnel. Maintenance and TRACER Copies tracing cloth o r Uses T -sq u a re , sim ple drawings nd plans and drawings p rep ared by oth ers, by placing paper over drawing and tracing with pen or p en cil. com pass, and other drafting to o ls . May prepare and do simple letterin g. Powerplant CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE ENGINEER, STATIONARY P erform s the carpentry duties n ecessa ry to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, crib s, cou n ters, benches, partitions, d oors, flo o r s , stairs, casin gs, and trim made o f wood in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, draw ings, m odels, or verbal instructions; using a variety of ca rp en ter1s handtools, portable power tools, and standard m easuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dim ensions o f work; selecting m aterials n ecessa ry for the w ork. In general, the w ork o f the maintenance carpenter requ ires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent train ing and exp erien ce. Operates and maintains and may a lso su pervise the operation o f stationary engines and equipment (m echanical or e le ctr ic a l) to sup ply the establishm ent in which em ployed with pow er, heat, r e fr ig e r a tion, or air conditioning. W ork in volves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air c o m p r e s s o r s , gen erators, m o to r s , turbines, ventilating and refrigeratin g equipment, steam b o ile rs and b o ile r -fe d water pumps; making equipment re p a irs; keeping a re c o rd o f operation of m achinery, tem peratu re, and fuel consum p tion. May also supervise these op era tion s. Head or ch ief engineers in establishm ents employing m ore than one engineer are exclu ded. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE P erform s a variety of e le ctr ic a l trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair o f equipment for the generating, distribution, or utilization of e le ctr ic energy in an establishm ent. Work involves m ost of the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety o f e le ctrica l equipment such as gen erators, tra n sfo rm e rs, switchboards, con tro lle rs, circu it b rea k ers, m otors, heating units, conduit system s, or other tran sm ission equipment; working fro m blue prints, drawings, layout, or other specification s; locating and diag nosing trouble in the e le ctr ic a l system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirem ents of wiring or e le ctrica l equipment; using a variety of electrician *s handtools and m easuring and testing instrum ents. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electricia n requ ires rounded training and experien ce usually a c quired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experien ce. FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER F ire s stationary b o ile rs to furnish the establishm ent in which em ployed with heat, power, or steam . Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a m echanical stoker, gas, o r oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, o il, o r a ssist in repairing b o ile r room equipment. HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or m ore w ork ers in the skilled maintenance trades, by perform ing sp ecific or gen eral duties o f le s s e r skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with m aterials and to o ls; cleaning w ork ing area, machine, and equipment; a ssistin g w orker by holding m a teria ls o r-to o ls; perform ing other unskilled tasks as d irected by jo u r neyman. The kind of work the helper is perm itted to p e rfo rm va ries from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to sup plying, lifting, and holding m aterials and tools and cleaning working a rea s; and in others he is perm itted to p e rfo rm specia lized m achine op eration s, or parts o f a trade that are a lso p e rfo rm e d by w ork ers on a fu ll-tim e b asis. 21 MACHINE - TOOL O PERATO R, TOOLROOM MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE S p ecializes in the operation of one or m ore types of machine to o ls, such as jig b o r e r s , cylin drical or surface grin d ers, engine lathes, or m illing m achines in the construction of m ach ine-sh op tools, gauges, jig s , fixtu res, or d ies. Work involves m ost o f the following: Planning and perform in g difficult machining operations; p rocessin g item s requiring com plicated setups or a high degree of accu racy; using a va riety o f p re c is io n measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; making n e ce ssa ry adjust ments during operation to achieve requisite toleran ces or dim ensions. May be requ ired to recog n ize when tools need dressing, to d ress tools, and to select prop er coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils . F or c r o s s-in d u stry wage study purposes, m achine-tool op era tors, to olroom , in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tion . R epairs m achinery or m echanical equipment of an establish m ent. W ork involves m ost o f the follow ing; Examining machines and m echanical equipment to diagnose sou rce of trouble; dismantling o r partly dismantling m achines and perform ing repairs that mainly involve the use o f handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with item s obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacem ent part by a machine shop or sending of the m achine to a machine shop for m ajor rep a irs; preparing written specification s for m ajor rep a irs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassem blin g m achines; and making all n ecessary adjustments for operation. In general, the w ork of a maintenance m echanic requ ires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this cla ssifica tio n are w orkers whose prim ary duties involve setting up or adjusting m achines. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE MILLWRIGHT P rod u ces replacem en t parts and new parts in making rep a irs o f m etal parts o f m echanical equipment operated in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost o f the following: Interpreting written in stru c tions and sp ecifica tion s; planning and laying out o f w ork; using a va rie ty o f m achinist*s handtools and p recision m easuring instrum ents; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to clo s e tolera n ces; making standard shop computations re la t ing to dim ensions o f w ork, tooling, feeds and speeds o f machining; knowledge o f the working p rop erties of the com mon m etals; selecting standard m a teria ls, p arts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assem bling parts into m echanical equipment. In general, the m a ch in is ts w ork n orm a lly requires a rounded training in m achineshop p ra ctice usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and exp erien ce. Installs new .m achines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs m achines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant lay out are req u ired. W ork involves m ost o f the follow ing; Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop co m putations relating to s tre s s e s , strength o f m aterials, and centers o f gravity; alining and balancing o f equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good ord er power tran sm ission equipment such as d rives and speed r e d u cers. In general, the m illw righ t’ s w ork n orm ally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a form al appren ticesh ip o r equivalent training and exp erien ce. OILER MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) R epairs a u tom obiles, b u ses, m otortrucks, and tra cto rs of an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the follow ing: Examining autom otive equipment to diagnose source o f trouble; disassem bling equipment and perform in g rep airs that involve the use o f such handtoo ls as w ren ch es, gauges, d rills, or specialized equipment in d is assem bling or fitting p arts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassem bling and installing the variou s a ssem b lies in the veh icle and making n ecessa ry adjustments; alining w heels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body b olts. In gen eral, the w ork o f the automotive mechanic requ ires rounded training and exp erien ce usually acquired through a form al a ppren tice ship o r equivalent training and experien ce. L u bricates, with o il or grea se, the moving parts or wearing su rfaces o f m echanical equipment o f an establishm ent. PAIN TER, MAINTENANCE Paints and red ecora tes w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an establishm ent. W ork involves the follow ing: Knowledge of surface p ecu lia rities and types o f paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by rem oving old finish or by placing putty or fille r in nail holes and in terstices; applying paint with spray gun or bru sh. May m ix c o lo r s , o ils , white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper co lo r or con sisten cy. In general, the w ork o f the maintenance painter requ ires rounded training and e x perience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equiva lent training and exp erien ce. 22 PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE SH EET-M ETAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE - Continued Installs or repairs water, steam , gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the f o l lowing: Laying out of w ork and m easuring to locate position O f pipe from drawings or other written specification s; cutting various sizes of pipe to co r r e c t lengths with ch isel and ham m er or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting m achine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driver or p ow er-d riven m achines; assem bling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to p re s su re s, flow , and size of pipe r e quired; making standard tests to determ ine whether finished pipes m eet specification s. In general, the w ork of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experien ce. W orkers p rim arily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating system s are excluded. and laying out all types of sh eet-m etal maintenance w ork from b lu e prints, m odels, or other specification s; setting up and operating a ll available types of sheet-m etal-w orkin g m achines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, form in g, shaping, fitting, and a s s e m bling; installing sheet-m etal a rticle s as req u ired. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-m etal w orker req u ires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a fo rm a l apprenticeship or equivalent training and experien ce. PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishm ent in good ord e r. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system ; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or p lu m ber's snake. In general, the w ork of the maintenance plum ber requ ires rounded training and experience* usually acquired through a form a l a ppren tice ship or equivalent training and experien ce. SH EET-M ETAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE F a bricates, installs, and maintains in good rep air the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lo ck e rs , tanks, ven tilators, chutes, ducts, m etal roofing) of an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the follow in g: Planning Custodial and (Diemaker; jig m aker; toolm aker; fixture m aker; gauge m aker) Constructs and repairs m ach in e-sh op, to o ls , gauges, jig s , f ix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other m eta l-fo rm in g w ork. W ork involves m ost of the follow in g: Planning and laying out of w ork from m od els, blueprints, drawings, or other ora l and written s p e c ifi cations; using a variety of tool and die m a k e r's handtools and p re cis io n m easuring instruments; understanding of the working p rop erties of com m on metals and alloys; setting up and operating of m achine tools and related equipment; making n e ce ssa ry shop com putations relating to dim ensions of work, speeds, fe e d s, and tooling of m achines; heattreating of metal parts during fab rica tion as w ell as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to clo s e tolera n ces; fitting and assem bling of parts to p re s crib e d tolera n ces and a llow ances; selecting appropriate m a te ria ls, to o ls, and p r o c e s s e s . In general, the tool and die m aker's w ork requ ires a rounded training in m achine-shop, and toolroom p ra ctice usually acquired through a form a l apprenticeship or equivalent training and exp erien ce. F o r cross-in d u stry wage study p u rp oses, tool and die m akers in tool and die jobbing shops a re excluded fro m this cla ssifica tio n . Material ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER Transports passengers between flo o rs oi an o ffice building, apartment house, department store, hotel or sim ila r establishm ent. W orkers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. GUARD P erform s routine p o lice duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining ord e r, using arm s or fo r c e where n e ce ssa ry . In cludes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of em ployees and other persons entering. TOOL AND DIE MAKER Movement JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; ja n itress) Cleans and keeps in an o rd e rly condition fa cto ry working areas and washroom s, or p re m ise s of an o ffic e , apartment house, or co m m e rcia l or other establishm ent. Duties involve a com bination of the follow ing: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing flo o r s ; rem oving chips, trash, and other refu se; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtu res; polishing metal fixtures or trim m in gs; providing supplies and m inor maintenance s e rv ice s ; cleaning la va tories, sh ow ers, and re stro o m s . W orkers who sp ecia lize in window washing a re excluded. 23 LABORER, M A TER IA L HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; sh elver; truck er; stockm an or stock h elp er; warehouseman or w arehouse helper) A w ork er em ployed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, s to re , or other establishm ent whose duties involve one or m ore of the follow ing: Loading and unloading various m aterials and m erch an d ise on or from freigh t c a r s , trucks, or other transporting d evices; unpacking, shelving, or placing m aterials or m erchandise in p rop er stora ge location; transporting m aterials or m erchandise by hand truck, c a r , or w h eelbarrow . Longshorem en, who load and unload ships are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK - Continued other r e c o rd s ; checking fo r shortages and rejectin g damaged goods; routing m erchandise or m aterials to p rop er departm ents; maintaining n e ce ssa ry re co rd s and file s . F o r wage study p u rp oses, w orkers a re cla ssifie d as follow s; R eceiving cle rk Shipping clerk"" Shipping and receivin g cle rk TRUCKDRIVER ORDER FIL L E R (O rder p ick e r; stock s e le c to r; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping o r tran sfer ord ers for finished goods from stored m erch an dise in a ccord a n ce with specifications on sales slip s, cu stom ers* o r d e r s , or other instructions. May, in addition to fillin g o rd e rs and indicating item s filled or omitted, keep re co rd s of out going o rd e r s, requ isition additional stock, or report short supplies to s u p e rv isor, and p erform other related duties. D rives a truck within a city o r industrial area to transport m a teria ls, m erch an dise, equipment, or men between various types of establishm ents such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, w a re h ou ses, w holesale and retail establishm ents, or between retail estab lishm ents and cu s to m e r s ’ houses or places of business. May a lso load or unload truck with or without h elp ers, make m inor m echanical re p a irs, and keep truck in good working o rd e r. D riv e r-sa le sm e n and o v e r -th e -ro a d d riv e rs a re excluded. F o r wage study p u rp o se s, truck drivers are cla ssifie d by size and type of equipment, as follow s: (T ra cto r-tra ile r should be rated on the basis of tra ile r capacity. ) PACKER, SHIPPING P rep a res finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping con ta in ers, the sp ecific operations p erform ed being dependent upon the type, s iz e , and number of units to be packed, the type of container em ployed, and method of shipment. W ork requ ires the placing of item s in shipping containers and m ay involve one or m o re of the follow in g; Knowledge of various items o f stock in ord er to v e r ify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting en closu res in container; using e x celsior or other m aterial to prevent breakage o r damage; closin g and sealing container; applying labels o r entering identifying data on container. P ack ers who a lso make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK P rep a res m erch an dise for shipment, or re ce iv e s and is r e sponsible fo r incom ing shipment of m erchandise or other m a terials. Shipping w ork in v olv es: A knowledge of shipping p ro ce d u re s, p r a c tice s ] ro u tes, available means of transportation and rates; and p r e paring re co rd s of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, p o s t ing weight and shipping ch a rg es, and keeping a file of shipping re c o rd s . May d irect o r a s s is t in preparing the m erchandise fo r shipment. R eceiving w ork in v olv es: V erifying or directing others in verifying the co rre ctn e s s o? shipments against bills of lading, in v oices, or T ru ck d river (com bination of sizes listed separately) T ru ck d river, light (under IV2 tons) T ru ck d river, medium (lVa to and including 4 tons) T ru ck d river, heavy (over 4 tons, tra iler type) T ru ck d river, heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra ile r type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually con trolled ga solin e- or e le ctric-p o w e re d truck or tractor to transport goods and m aterials of all kinds about a w arehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishm ent. F o r wage study pu rp oses, w orkers are cla ssifie d by type of truck, as follow s: T ru ck er, power (forklift) T ru ck er, pow er (other than fo rk lift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of p rem ises p e rio d ica lly in protecting property against fir e , theft, and illegal entry. ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1956 0 — 386769
@FedFRASER