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Occupational Wage Survey LITTLE ROCK-NORTH LITTLE ROCK ARKANSAS AU GU ST 1 96 0 Bulletin No. 1285-6 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clagua, Commbsiovtar Occupational Wage Survey L IT T L E R O C K -N O R T H L IT T L E R O C K ARKAN SAS AUGUST 1960 Bulletin No. 1285-6 October I960 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU O F LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Claguo, Commissionar For salo by tho Superintendent of Document*, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. - Price 25 cents Contents Preface P ag e T h e C om m u n ity W age S u rvey P r o g r a m I n t r o d u c t i o n ____________________________________________________________________ 1 T a b le s: T h e B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s r e g u la r ly c o n d u cts a r e a w id e w age s u r v e y s in a n u m ber o f im p orta n t in d u s tr ia l c e n t e r s . The stu d ie s, m ade fr o m la te fa ll to e a r ly sp rin g , r e la te to o c cu p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and r e la te d su p p lem en ta ry b e n e fit s . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on c o m p le tio n o f the study in e a c h a r e a , u su a lly in the m on th fo llo w in g the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ied . T h is b u lletin p r o v id e s a d d ition a l data not in clu d e d in the e a r lie r r e p o r t . A c o n s o lid a te d a n a ly tica l b u lle tin s u m m a r iz in g the r e s u lts o f a ll o f the y e a r * s s u r v e y s is is s u e d a fte r c o m p le tio n o f the fin a l a r e a b u lle tin fo r the c u r r e n t round o f s u r v e y s . 1. E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e o f s u r v e y _____________ 2 A: O ccu p a tio n a l e a r n in g s: * A - 1. O ffice o c c u p a t i o n s ____________________________________________ A - 2 . P r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c cu p a tio n s ------------------------------A - 3. M ain ten an ce and p ow erp la n t o c c u p a tio n s __________________ A -4 . C u sto d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t i o n s ____________ 4 6 6 7 E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p le m e n ta ry w age p r o v is io n s : * B -l. Shift d i f f e r e n t i a l s _____________________________________________ B -2 . M in im u m en tra n ce s a la r ie s fo r w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s __ B -3 . S ch ed u led w e e k ly h o u r s ______________________________________ B -4 . P a id h o lid a y s __________________________________________________ B -5 . P a id v a c a tio n s _________________________________________________ B -6 . H ealth, in s u r a n ce , and p en sion p la n s ______________________ 9 10 10 11 12 14 B: T h is r e p o r t w as p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u s r e g io n a l o ffic e in A tlan ta , G a. , by D onald M . C r u s e , under the d ir e c t io n o f L o u is B . W oy ty ch , A s s is ta n t R e g io n a l D ir e c t o r f o r W ages and In d u s tria l R e la tio n s . A pp en d ix: O ccu p a tio n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s _______________________________________ * N O T E : S im ila r ta bu la tion s fo r th ese and oth er ite m s a r e a v a ila b le in the r e p o r t s fo r s u r v e y s in o th e r m a jo r a r e a s . A d ir e c t o r y in d ica tin g date o f study and the p r ic e o f the r e p o r t s is a v a ila b le upon r e q u e s t. U nion s c a le s , in d ic a tiv e o f p r e v a ilin g pay le v e ls , a r e a ls o a v a ila b le fo r the fo llo w in g tr a d e s o r in d u s tr ie s : B u ild in g c o n s tr u c tio n , p rin tin g , lo c a l- t r a n s it op era tin g e m p lo y e e s , and m o t o r t r u c k d r iv e r s and h e lp e r s . iii 15 Occupational Wage Survey — Little Rock-North Little Rock, Ark. Introduction T h is a r e a is one o f s e v e r a l im p o rta n t in d u str ia l c e n t e r s in w hich the U .S . D ep a rtm en t o f L a b o r 's B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s has con d u c te d s u r v e y s o f o c cu p a tio n a l e a rn in g s and r e la te d w age b en e fits on an a re a w id e b a s i s . In this a r e a , data w e re ob ta in ed b y p e r s o n a l v is it s o f B u rea u fie ld e c o n o m is t s to r e p r e s e n ta tiv e e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ithin s ix b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s : M a n u fa ctu rin g; t r a n s p o r t a t io n ,1 c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r pu blic u tilitie s ; w h o le sa le tr a d e ; r e ta il tr a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in d u stry g rou p s e x clu d e d fr o m th ese stu d ies a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a tio n s and the c o n s tr u c tio n and e x tr a c tiv e in d u s tr ie s . E s ta b lis h m e n ts h aving fe w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m ber o f w o r k e r s a r e o m itte d a ls o b e c a u s e they fu rn ish in s u ffic ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in the o c cu p a tio n s stu d ied to w a r rant in c lu s io n . W h e re v e r p o s s ib le , se p a ra te ta bu la tion s a re p r o v id e d fo r e a ch o f the b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s . T h e se s u r v e y s a re c o n d u cte d on a sa m p le b a s is b e c a u s e o f the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in su r v e y in g a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts . T o obtain a p p ro p r ia te a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a te r p r o p o r t io n o f la r g e than o f s m a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts is stu d ied . In co m b in in g the data, h o w e v er, a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts a r e given th eir a p p ro p ria te w eigh t. E s tim a te s b a s e d on the e s ta b lis h m e n ts stu d ied a re p r e s e n te d , t h e r e fo r e , as r e la tin g to a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts in the in d u stry grou p in g and a r e a , e x c e p t fo r th ose b e lo w the m in im u m s iz e stu d ied . O ccu p a tion s and E a rn in g s The o c cu p a tio n s s e le c t e d fo r study a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m a n u fa ctu rin g and n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s . O ccu p a tio n a l c l a s s ific a t io n is b a s e d on a u n ifo r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d e s ig n e d to take a ccou n t o f in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t v a r ia tio n in d u ties w ithin the sa m e jo b . (See a p pen dix f o r lis tin g o f th ese d e s c r ip t io n s .) E a rn in g s data a re p r e se n te d (in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s ) f o r the fo llo w in g ty p es o f o c c u p a tion s: (a) O ffic e c l e r i c a l ; (b) p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l; (c ) m a in te nance and p ow erp la n t; and (d) c u s to d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t. O ccu p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t and ea rn in g s data a r e show n fo r fu ll-t im e w o r k e r s , i. e. , th ose h ir e d to w ork a r e g u la r w eek ly s c h e d ule in the given o c cu p a tio n a l c la s s ific a t io n . E a rn in g s data e x clu d e p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r t im e and f o r w o rk on w ee k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and R a ilr o a d s , f o r m e r l y e x clu d e d fr o m the s c o p e o f th e se stu d ie s, w e re in clu d ed in a ll o f the a r e a s stud ied s in c e J u ly 1959, e x ce p t B a ltim o r e , B u ffa lo, C lev ela n d , and S ea ttle. R a ilr o a d s a r e now in clu d ed in the s c o p e o f a ll la b o r -m a r k e t w age s u r v e y s . late s h ifts . N on p rod u ction b o n u se s a re e x clu d e d a ls o , but c o s t - o f liv in g b o n u se s and in ce n tiv e e a rn in g s a re in clu d e d . W h ere w eek ly h ou rs a re r e p o r t e d , as fo r o ffic e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t io n s , r e fe r e n c e is to the w o rk sc h e d u le s (rou n d ed to the n e a r e s t h a lf h ou r) f o r w h ich s tr a ig h t -tim e s a la r ie s a re paid; a v e ra g e w eek ly e a rn in g s fo r th ese o c cu p a tio n s have b e e n rou n ded to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r . A v e r a g e e a rn in g s o f m en and w om en a r e p r e s e n te d s e p a r a te ly fo r s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n s in w hich both s e x e s a r e c o m m o n ly e m p lo y e d . D iffe r e n c e s in pay le v e ls o f m en and w om en in th ese o c cu p a tio n s a re la r g e ly due to ( l ) d iffe r e n c e s in the d is tr ib u tio n o f the s e x e s am ong in d u s tr ie s and e sta b lis h m e n ts ; (2) d iffe r e n c e s in s p e c ific d u ties p e r fo r m e d , although the o c cu p a tio n s a r e a p p r o p r ia te ly c la s s if i e d w ithin the sa m e s u r v e y jo b d e s c r ip tio n ; and (3) d iffe r e n c e s in len gth o f s e r v ic e o r m e r it r e v ie w w hen in d iv id u al s a la r ie s a re a d ju sted on this b a sis. L o n g e r a v e r a g e s e r v ic e o f m en w ou ld r e s u lt in h igh er a v e r a g e pay w hen both s e x e s a r e e m p lo y e d w ithin the sa m e ra te ra n g e . Job d e s c r ip tio n s u sed in c la s s ify in g e m p lo y e e s in th ese s u r v e y s are u su a lly m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th ose u se d in in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n ts to a llo w f o r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am ong e sta b lis h m e n ts in s p e c ifi c du ties p e r fo r m e d . O ccu p a tio n a l em p loym en t e s tim a te s r e p r e s e n t the toted in a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts w ithin the s c o p e o f the study and n ot the n u m b er a c tu a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d iffe r e n c e s in o c cu p a tio n a l s tru c tu re am ong e sta b lis h m e n ts , the e s tim a te s o f o c cu p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t obtain ed fr o m the sa m p le o f e sta b lis h m e n ts stu d ied s e r v e on ly to in d ica te the r e la tiv e im p o rta n ce o f the jo b s stu d ied . T h e se d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u p a tion al str u c tu r e do n ot m a t e r ia lly a ffe c t the a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n in gs data. E s ta b lis h m e n t P r a c t ic e s and S u p p lem en ta ry W age P r o v is io n s In fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d a ls o (in the B - s e r i e s ta b le s ) on s e le c te d e sta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry b e n e fits as they r e late to o f f ic e and plant w o r k e r s . The t e r m " o ffic e w o r k e r s , " as u sed in th is b u lle tin , in clu d e s w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s and n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g c l e r i c a l o r r e la te d fu n c tio n s , and e x c lu d e s a d m in is t r a t iv e , e x e c u tiv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l p e r s o n n e l. "P la n t w o r k e r s " in clu d e w ork in g fo r e m e n and a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s (in clu din g le a d m en and t r a in e e s ) en g a g ed in n o n o ffic e fu n c tio n s . A d m in is tra tiv e , e x e c u tiv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e s , and f o r c e - a c c o u n t c o n s tr u c tio n e m p lo y e e s who a r e u tiliz e d as a s e p a r a te w o rk f o r c e a r e e x clu d e d . C a fe te r ia w o r k e r s and r ou tem en a r e e x c lu d e d in m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s , but a r e in clu d e d as plant w o r k e r s in n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u stries. 2 T a b le 1. E s t a b li s h m e n t s a n d w o r k e r s w it h in s c o p e o f s u r v e y a n d n u m b e r s t u d ie d in L it t l e R o c k —N o r t h L it t l e R o c k , A r k . , Minimum employment in establish ments in scope of study Industry division Number of establishments Within scope of study3 b y m a j o r in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , 2 A u g u s t I9 6 0 Workers in establishments Within scope of study Studied Studied T otal4 Office Plant Total4 _____ _____ ___ __ 50 145 73 27,800 3 ,8 0 0 18,500 20,610 Manufacturing __________ __ __ _______________ ________ _______ Nonmanufacturing _____ __ ______________________________________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities 5 ___ __________________________________________ Wholesale trade _ __ __________________________________________ Retail trade __ ________ ______________________________________ Finance, insurance, and real estate ____________________ __ Services (excluding hotels with more than 100 employees) 7 __________________________________________________ 50 50 61 84 32 41 12, 300 15,500 800 3,0 0 0 9 ,9 0 0 8 ,6 0 0 9, 340 11,270 50 50 50 50 17 20 18 20 11 7 10 7 6 ,8 0 0 1,600 3 ,800 2, 300 700 (‘ ) 3 ,800 (6) 6, 160 620 2,890 960 50 9 6 1,000 (6) (6) 640 A ll divisions _______________________________ 0 (6) < !> <‘ ) 1 T h e L it t l e R o c k —N o r t h L it t l e R o c k S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l it a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a ( P u l a s k i C o u n t y ). T h e " w o r k e r s w it h in s c o p e o f s t u d y " e s t i m a t e s s h o w n in t h is t a b le p r o v i d e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e s i z e a n d c o m p o s i t i o n o f th e l a b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in th e s u r v e y . T h e e s t i m a t e s a r e n o t in t e n d e d , h o w e v e r , t o s e r v e a s a b a s i s o f c o m p a r i s o n w ith o t h e r a r e a e m p l o y m e n t in d e x e s t o m e a s u r e e m p l o y m e n t t r e n d s o r l e v e l s s i n c e (1 ) p la n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s th e u s e o f e s t a b l is h m e n t d a ta c o m p i l e d c o n s i d e r a b l y in a d v a n c e o f th e p a y r o l l p e r i o d s t u d ie d , a n d (2 ) s m a l l e s t a b l is h m e n t s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y . 2 T h e 1957 r e v i s e d e d i t io n o f th e S ta n d a rd I n d u s t r ia l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l w a s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e s t a b l is h m e n t s b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n . M a jo r c h a n g e s ' f r o m th e e a r l i e r e d i t io n ( u s e d in th e B u r e a u 's la b o r m a r k e t w a g e s u r v e y s c o n d u c t e d p r i o r t o J u ly 1 9 5 8 ) a r e th e t r a n s f e r o f m i l k p a s t e u r i z a t i o n p la n t s a n d r e a d y - m i x e d c o n c r e t e e s t a b l is h m e n t s f r o m t r a d e (w h p le s a le o r r e t a i l ) to m a n u fa c t u r in g , a n d th e t r a n s f e r o f r a d i o a n d t e l e v i s i o n b r o a d c a s t i n g f r o m s e r v i c e s to th e t r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n i c a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s d i v is i o n . 3 I n c lu d e s a l l e s t a b l is h m e n t s w it h t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t at o r a b o v e th e m i n i m u m - s i z e li m it a t io n . A l l o u t le t s (w ith in th e a r e a ) o f c o m p a n i e s in s u c h i n d u s t r ie s a s t r a d e , f i n a n c e , a u to r e p a i r s e r v i c e , a n d m o t i o n - p i c t u r e t h e a t e r s a r e c o n s i d e r e d a s 1 e s t a b l is h m e n t . 4 I n c lu d e s e x e c u t i v e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , a n d o t h e r w o r k e r s e x c l u d e d f r o m th e s e p a r a t e o f f i c e an d p la n t c a t e g o r i e s . 5 Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation were excluded. 6 T h is in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n is r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " a n d " n o n m a n u fa c t u r i n g " in the s e r i e s A a n d B t a b l e s . S e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t io n o f d a t a f o r t h is d i v i s i o n i s n o t m a d e f o r o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o l lo w i n g r e a s o n s : (1 ) E m p lo y m e n t in th e d i v i s i o n is t o o s m a l l t o p r o v i d e e n o u g h d a ta to m e r i t s e p a r a t e s t u d y , (2 ) th e s a m p l e w a s n o t d e s ig n e d in i t i a l l y t o p e r m i t s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n , (3 ) r e s p o n s e w a s in s u f f ic i e n t o r in a d e q u a t e t o p e r m i t s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n , (4 ) t h e r e is p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f in d iv id u a l e s t a b l is h m e n t d a ta . 7 H o t e l s ; p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s i n e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u t o m o b i le r e p a i r s h o p s ; m o t io n p i c t u r e s ; n o n p r o fi t m e m b e r s h i p o r g a n i z a t i o n s ; a n d e n g in e e r in g an d a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . 3 Shift d ifferen tial data (table B - l ) are lim ited to manufacturing in du stries. This in form ation is presented both in term s o f (a) esta b lishm ent p olicy , 2 presented in term s o f total plant w orker em p loy ment, and (b) e ffectiv e p ra ctice , presented on the b a sis o f w ork ers actually em ployed on the sp e cifie d shift at the time o f the su rvey. In establishm ents having va ried d ifferen tia ls, the amount applying to a m ajority was used o r , if no amount applied to a m a jo rity , the c la s sifica tion "o th e r ” was used. In establishm ents in which som e la te shift hours are paid at n orm al ra tes, a d ifferen tial was re co rd e d only if it applied to a m a jority o f the shift h ours. Minimum entrance rates (table B -2 ) relate only to the esta b lishm ents v isited . They are presented on an establishm ent, rather than on an em ploym ent b a s is . Paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans are treated sta tistica lly on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or o ffice w ork ers if a m a jo rity of such w ork ers are elig ib le o r m ay eventually qualify fo r the p ra ctices lis te d . Scheduled hours are treated sta tistica lly on the b asis that these are applicable to all plant o r o ffic e w ork ers if a m a jo rity are c o v e r e d .3 B ecause o f rounding, sums o f individual item s in these tabulations m ay not equal totals. The fir s t part o f the paid holidays table presen ts the num b er o f whole and half holidays actually provided. The secon d part com bines whole and half holidays to show total holiday tim e . Data are presen ted fo r all health, in su ran ce, and pension plans fo r which at lea st a part o f the co st is borne by the em p loyer, excepting only leg a l requirem ents such as w ork m en's com pensation, s o c ia l se cu rity , and ra ilroa d retirem en t. Such plans include those underw ritten by a c o m m e rcia l insurance com pany and those p rovid ed through a union fund o r paid d ire ctly by the em p loyer out o f cu rren t operating funds o r fr o m a fund set aside fo r this p u rp ose. Death benefits are included as a fo rm o f life insurance. S ickn ess and acciden t insurance is limited* to that type o f in surance under which predeterm ined cash payments are made d ire ctly to the insured on a weekly o r m onthly b a sis during illn ess o r acciden t disability. Inform ation is presen ted fo r all such plans to which the em p loyer con trib u tes. H ow ever, in New Y ork and New J e rse y , which have enacted tem porary disability insurance laws which requ ire e m p loyer co n trib u tio n s,4 plans are included only if the em p loyer (1) c o n tributes m ore than is leg a lly requ ired , o r (2) provides the em ployee with benefits which e x ceed the requ irem en ts o f the law. Tabulations o f paid s ick -le a v e plans are lim ited to fo rm a l p la n s5 which provide full pay o r a prop ortion o f the w o rk e r's pay during absence fro m work becau se o f illn e s s . Separate tabulations are provided accord in g to (1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting p eriod , and (2) plans providing either partial pay o r a waiting p eriod . In addition to the presentation o f the proportion s o f w ork ers who are provided sickn ess and a cciden t insurance o r paid sick lea v e, an unduplicated total is shown of w ork ers who re ce iv e either o r both types o f b en efits. The sum m ary o f vacation plans is lim ited to form a l a rra n g e m ents, excluding in form al plans w hereby tim e off with pay is granted at the d iscre tio n o f the em p lo y e r. Separate estim ates are provided accord in g to em p loyer p ra ctice in com puting vacation paym ents, such as time paym ents, percent o f annual earnings, o r fla t-su m am ounts. H ow ever, in the tabulations o f vacation allow a n ces, payments not on a time b asis w ere con verted ; fo r exam ple, a payment o f 2 percen t o f annual earnings was con sid e re d as the equivalent o f 1 w eek' 8 pay. Catastrophe in su ran ce, som etim es r e fe r r e d to as .extended m ed ica l in su ran ce, includes those plans which are designed to p rotect em p loyees in ca se o f sick n ess and in ju ry involving expen ses beyond the n orm al co v e ra g e o f h ospitalization, m ed ica l, and su rg ica l plans. M edical insurance r e fe r s to plans providing fo r com p lete or partial payment o f d o c to r s 1 fe e s . Such plans m ay be underw ritten by c o m m e r c ia l insurance com panies o r nonprofit organizations o r they m ay be s e lf-in s u r e d . Tabulations o f retirem en t pension plans are lim ited to those plans that provide monthly payments fo r the rem ainder o f the w o r k e r 's life . 2 An establishm ent was co n sid e re d as having a p olicy if it m et either o f the follow in g con ditions: ( l ) Operated late shifts at the time of the su rvey, o r (2) had fo rm a l p rov ision s cov erin g late sh ifts. 3 Scheduled w eekly hours fo r o ffic e w ork ers (fir s t section of table B -3) in surveys made p r io r to July 1957 w ere p resen ted in term s of the p rop ortion o f wom en o ffic e w ork ers em ployed in o ffic e s with the indicated weekly hours fo r wom en w o rk e rs. 4 The tem pora ry d isability laws in C a liforn ia and Rhode Island do not req u ire em p loyer con tribu tion s. 5 An establishm ent was con sid ered as having a form a l plan if it establish ed at lea st the m inim um num ber of days o f sick leave that cou ld be expected by each em p loy ee. Such a plan need not be w ritten, but in form al sic k -le a v e allow an ces, determ ined on an individual b a s is , w ere excluded. A? Occupational Earnings 4 Table A-l. O ffice Occupations (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division. Little Rock—North Little Rock. Ark. > August I960) At u a s i S e x , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d iv is io n of w orktrs (Standard) N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S OF— t 3 0 .0 0 W aakly j aarninfi1 and S 35. 00 1 4 0 . 00 3 5 .0 0 4 0 .0 0 4 5 . 00 S $ 4 5 . 00 50. 00 50. 00 5 5 .0 0 S S S t s 9 5. 00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 and • 5 5 .0 0 S 6 0. 00 6 5 .0 0 $ 7 0. 00 % 7 5 .0 0 $ 8 0 .0 0 S 8 5 .0 0 1 90. 00 6 0. 00 6 5 .0 0 7 0. 00 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 95. 00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 10 6 4 13 4 9 2 2 2 _ _ 4 4 1 _ 4 % (Standard) over M en C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s A ____ „ ___ _____ __ __ M a n u fa ctu rin g ___ „ __ ____ — ------------------------ — N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g -------------- ------------------ -------__ C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s B _____________________________ C l e r k s , o r d e r __________ _____ __ ------------- — _ ------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ------------------------- ----------------------------C le r k s , p a y ro ll _______________ — ------------- ------------- 46 19 27 40. 0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 40 40. 0 38 -----J l----- 4 1 .0 4 1 .0 19 4 0 .0 [ $ 8 6 .5 0 8 6 .0 0 8 7 .0 0 . _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 “ - “ ” - - - 1 6 1. 00 _ _ _ 62 6 7. 00 . 00 - - “ 8 5. 50 . - ' ’ 2 2 ' 14 6 8 4 4 - 3 3 14 14 5 5 3 3 4 3 - - _ - 8 1 - . _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ 1 12 _ _ _ _ - “ 1 2 2 - ------------------------ 19 39. 5 82. 50 B i l l e r s , m a ch in e (b illin g m a c h in e ) -------------------------------- ------------------ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ________________ 33 29 4 0 .0 40. 0 4 6 .0 0 4 5 . 00 4 4 2 2 10 10 5 4 6 4 5 5 1 “ B i l l e r s , m a ch in e (b o o k k e e p in g m a ch in e ) _______________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ______ __ __ ----------------------------------- 21 19 40. 0 40. 0 51. 50 51. 00 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 7 7 6 4 “ 1 1 B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A ______________ 21 40. 0 63. 50 _ _ _ 4 ! 4 2 3 2 5 B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ______________ M a n u fa ctu rin g -------------- -------- --------------------- ---------N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ______ ________ — _ -------- -------- 46 29 17 40. 5 40. 5 40. 0 59. 50 00 54. 50 ■ - 1 " 13 2 11 8 5 3 15 13 2 4 4 " 4 4 " j 62. 1 “ C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s A _____________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ______ _ __ __ — ------------------------------N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g __ _____ _ __ ----------------------------- 55 19 36 39. 5 40. 0 39. 5 7 3. 50 6 7. 50 7 7. 00 ■ 2 1 1 13 -------8 5 5 3 2 ’ 6 4 2 7 2 5 _ 7 2 5 1 j 1 “ 1 1 . - ' - _ _ _ 1 - - - - 1 7 1 _ _ _ _ _ . ' _ - . T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B 7 1 6 _ W om en C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s B ------------ ------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g --------- ---------------------------------------- - ----N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g -------------- ---------------------------------------- 184 53 131 4 0 .0 40. 0 40. 0 57. 50 57. 00 57. 50 C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s B ______________________________________ N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g — — ------- __ ----------------------------- 95 88 39. 5 3 9 .5 4 5 . 50 4 5 . 50 _ _ “ 25 5 - - 4 4 - ' ' 4 _ _ 29 1 28 18 2 16 41 9 32 17 13 4 26 15 11 2 2 36 32 34 34 12 10 3 2 2 2 - 4 _ ' 20 7 13 . 10 5 5 _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ ■ - “ _ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ “ " - ” “ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - “ * ■ - - ■ " 4 - 2 1 1 5 5 5 5 2 2 _ _ 4 ■ " _ _ - _ _ - “ 14 14 _ - 4 5 1 See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for nonmanufacturing do not include information for hotels which employ more than 100 workers; the smaller hotels and the remainder of the services division are appropriately represented in data for all industries combined and for nonmanufacturing. - _ “ - _ - " " _ _ _ _ " “ ■ - . - . _ 5 Table A-l. O ffice Occupations-Continued (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division. Little Rock—North Little Rock, Ark., August I960) A uuoi Sex, o c c u p a t io n , and in d u str y d iv is io n Number of worker* NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNING8 OF— $ Weekly, Weekly. 3 0 .0 0 and hour* earning* (Standard) (Standard) u n d er 35. 00 $ 35. 00 $ 4 0 . 00 S 4 5 . 00 S 50. 00 9 55. 00 S 6 0. 00 4 0. 00 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 55. 00 6 0. 00 65. 00 1 9 4 5 8 6 1 10 6 8 1 7 1 5 3 4 11 8 6 2 1 5 3 1 s S % 95. 00 100.00 1 0 5 .0 0 s 65. 00 S 70. 00 $ 75. 00 S 80. 00 8 5. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 1 0 5 .0 0 3 1 1 - - “ 5 5 - ' 3 3 - " - ' - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 1 4 4 4 9 90 . 00 % 110.00 1 15. 110.00 1 1 5 .0 0 W o m e n — C on tin u ed 1 C le r k s , p a y r o ll ----------------------------- ---------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ---------------------------------------------------------------N on m a n u fa ctu rin g --------------------------------------------------------- 67 40 27 4 0 .0 40. 0 40. 0 $ 6 5 .0 0 62. 50 69. 00 C o m p to m e t e r o p e r a t o r s ---------------------------------------------------N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ______________________________________ 66 4 0 .0 40. 0 6 0. 00 60. 50 2 2 3 3 4 2 4 4 14 53 12 5 5 K eyp u n ch o p e r a t o r s --------------------- ---------------------------N on m a n u fa ctu rin g --------------------------------------------------------- 60 54 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 53. 00 5 2. 50 1 1 2 2 2 2 27 24 14 14 2 2 S e c r e t a r ie s _____________ — ------------------------ -----------------M a n u fa ctu rin g -------------- ----------- ---------------------------------N on m a n u fa ctu rin g — ----------------------------------------------------P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 3' ------------------------------------------------------- 313 85 228 46 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 40. 0 - - S te n o g ra p h e r s , g e n e r a l -------------- ----------------------------------M anuf a c t u r i ng —________ ________________ ___ ______ ___ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ______________________________________ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 3 ----------------- --------------------- ---------- 186 17 169 46 40. 0 4 0. 0 4 0 .0 4 0. 0 58. 6 0. 58. 77. 50 00 50 00 - S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r s ---------------------------------------------N on m a n u fa ctu rin g --------- -------- — ------— __ 44 38 4 1 .0 4 1 .0 54. 00 54. 00 S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n is t s ------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ---------------------------------------------------------------N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ---------------------------------------------------------- 53 18 35 39. 5 39. 5 39. 0 55. 00 58. 00 53. 50 T r a n s c r ib in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l ------------------ 22 39. 5 4 6 . 00 T y p is t s , c l a s s A ---------------- ------- __ ----- ------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ___________ ______________ _________________ N on m a n u factu rin g --------------------------------------------------------- 76 27 49 39. 5 4 0. 0 3 9 .5 6 0. 00 59. 50 60. 50 - T y p is ts , c l a s s B - ______ __ -------- -------- ----__ __ — M a n u fa ctu rin g -------- ------------- — — ----_ N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g --------- ------------— — — — 155 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 39. 0 4 5 . 50 5 0. 00 4 4 . 50 4 4 22 133 - - 72. 00 88. 00 4 1 1 5 22 8 41 - 4 - 14 35 - 50 3 47 3 32 “ 13 13 ■ 31 3 20 2 9 9 2 2 4 4 3 3 10 3 7 1 1 " 11 2 20 6 8 ~ 9 14 71. 00 68. 50 - 1 - 1 - 1 1 ~ 1 9 9 2 - - “ ~ 7 7 8 6 2 14 14 49 64 4 60 2 8 41 9 7 6 23 3 3 5 2 12 11 1 2 1 7 7 . - 8 8 " - 2 2 1 1 4 4 - - - - 27 19 4 15 15 3 8 35 26 23 2 15 3 3 11 1 10 10 2 2 6 6 4 3 - - 1 1 7 4 3 2 1 3 1 1 61 15 46 2 19 5 14 3 41 18 23 8 15 4 11 12 " 11 2 6 21 4 6 6 - 12 8 8 2 1 10 7 7 6 10 10 3 _ 3 3 - - - ~ 1 1 ‘ - - 2 2 6 6 - - - " ~ - 2 " - - - “ " - - ~ “ 7 7 - - - - " - _ , - - - 2 - “ 2 32 13 19 9 7 2 7 7 ~ 1 13 3 1 1 1 - - - 14 1 1 2 1 - 1 1 1 - 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. 8 Includes 3 workers at $ 25 to $ 30. 3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. . - - _ - - - - “ - - - - ~ - - 00 and over - 6 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Little Rock—North Little Rock, Ark. , August I960) N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S O F— Av u a g b N u m ber of w orkers Sex, occupation, and industry division W e e k ly . h ou rs (S ta n da rd) W e e k ly e a rn in g s1 (Sta n da rd) 55. Q0 and under 6 0 . 00 $ 60. 00 $ 65. 00 $ 70. 00 $ 75. 00 Loo 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 4 8 2 2 Men 1 3 $67. 00 41. 0 19 Draftsmen, ju n ior-------- Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. NOTE: Data for nonmanufacturing do not include information for hotels which employ more than 100 workers; the smaller hotels and the remainder of the services division are appropriately represented in data for all industries combined and for nonmanufacturing. Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (Average straight-time hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Little Rock—North Little Rock, Ark. , August I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of O cc u p a tio n and in d u s tr y d iv is io n $ Average $ hourly . 1.00 1. 10 earnings 1 and u n d er 1. 10 1.20 E n g in e e r s , s t a t i o n a r y -------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g __________________________________ 34 25 2. 04 1 .9 5 - H e lp e r s , t r a d e s , m a in t e n a n c e ___________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g __________________________________ 67 1.62 60 1. 54 2 2 M a c h in is t s , m a in t e n a n c e _________________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g ---------------------------------------------------- 97 43 2. 55 2 .4 3 M e c h a n ic s , a u to m o tiv e (m a in te n a n ce ) ---------------M a n u fa ctu rin g ---------------------------------------------------N on m a n u fa ctu rin g --------------------------------------------P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 ____________________________ 177 49 128 121 2 .3 9 1 .9 5 2. 56 2. 59 M e c h a n ic s , m a in te n a n ce -------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu rin g __________________________________ 106 103 T o o l and d ie m a k e r s ----------------------------------------------- 42 1 .4 0 1. 50 1. 60 1 .7 0 . . . - - - 1 .8 0 $1 . 90 1. 00 1 1. 80 1 .9 0 2. 00 2. 10 15 15 - 47 27 27 - 10 10 - - - - “ 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 17 17 14 14 4 4 4 4 2 2 8 2 6 6 2 2 1 1 10 2 8 8 _ _ - 2. 22 2. 22 - - - 3 - 4 4 - - - - - " - “ - 6 6 2. 78 - _ - _ _ - - holidays, 4 1 L___“ _____ 2. 80 9 9 - - 2 2 - 2. 70 _ _ _ 2. 60 _ - - 2. 50 - - . 2 .4 0 2 1 1 - 2. 30 2 - - 70 4 3 - _ $2. 60 12 12 1 1 " - $ 2. 50 2 2 - - $ 2. 40 12 10 " 1 1 . 30 2 2 - _ 2. 20 - “ 2 2 - 2. 20 $ 4 3 - - 10 12 12 " - 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. NOTE: 1. 30 $ - - 2. 22 2. 18 $ 1 .7 0 . - 33 28 $ # 1 .6 0 . " E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a in t e n a n c e _______________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g __________________________________ $ 1 .5 0 . - $ 2. 16 2. 00 $ 1 .4 0 . . 32 18 $ 1 .3 0 2 2 . C a r p e n t e r s , m a in te n a n ce ________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ---------------------------------------------------- 1. 20 $ " 13 12 - - . 12 - - 1 1 - 3 3 _ - 5 5 7 . _ 1 1 - " - 2 2 _ . _ - - - - 3 3 4 4 _ - 7 7 4 2 2 1 - 4 21 21 5 4 7 7 2 2 1 8 8 1 1 1 2 - 1 2 6 20 3 - 1 1 45 45 2 $ 2. 80 2. 90 $ 2. 90 $ 3. 00 3. 00 3. 10 10 %. 3. 20 1 - - " - 2 2 2 1 1 _ _ _ - 54 1 2 _ _ “ - - - - 2 2 13 13 _ _ 1 - - - 61 - - - 61 61 - 3 3 _ . _ - - 7 2 - - _ * - - 5 1 Data for nonmanufacturing do not include information for hotels which employ more than 100 workers; the smaller hotels and the remainder of the services division are appropriately represented in data for all industries combined and for nonmanufacturing. - - _ - and late shifts. _ " 2 - _ _ - - - _ * 2 2 - _ - 2 12 1 11 11 2 * 1 - 4 3 12 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Little Rock—North Little Rock, Ark. , August I960) NUM BER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STR AIGH T-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation1 and industry division Number of workers 8 $ s $ S 8 s $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S 8 S $ $ $ $ Average s hourly 2 0.40 0. 50 S0 . 60 0. 70 0 . 80 0. 90 1 .0 0 1 . 10 1 .2 0 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1. 70 1 . 80 1. 90 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 20 2. 30 2.40 2.50 2.60 and earnings under . 70 . 80 .90 1 . 00 1 . 10 1 .2 0 1. 30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1. 70 1.80 1. 90 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 20 2. 30 2.40 2. 50 2.60 2. 70 . 50 . 60 Elevator operators, passenger (women) -----------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------- 44 44 $ 0 .6 7 .67 Janitors, porters, and cleaners ^m f=m) _______________________________ __ Manufacturing -— ------- -----------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------Public utilities 3 ------------------------- - 371 157 214 43 1.24 1.35 1.15 1.62 Janitors, porters, and cleaners (women) --------------------------- -----------------Manufacturing -------------------- -----------Nonmanufacturing ------------------ -------- Laborers, material handling ---------------Manufacturing ------------------- ------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------- Order fillers ----------------------------------------Manufacturing —--------- — — Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------- 153 20 133 526 224 302 122 .93 1.15 •90 1.39 1.37 1.40 12 12 2 2 - 28 28 - - - 1 _ “ 2 12 - - 2 12 24 24 23 23 85 29 56 4 ' ' 1 ~ _ - " 26 96 1.39 1.47 1.37 " Packers, shipping (men) ----------------------Manufacturing ----------------------------------- 50 25 1.30 1.37 - Packers, shipping (women) ------------------ 37 1.07 Receiving clerks -------------- -----------------Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------- 50 43 1.43 1.37 Shipping clerks -------------------------------------- 22 1.59 Shipping and receiving clerks -------------Manufacturing ----------------------------------- 23 17 1 .6 8 3 3 " " " “ 34 14 20 45 5 40 ' _ ~ 59 6 12 8 5 4 51 1 8 4 4 3 3 7 7 7 7 38 177 19 158 45 36 9 20 18 54 54 - 7 4 3 11 ' 64 64 - “ ' 2 2 - 53 50 3 3 17 17 13 1 1 - - 8 - 5 - - - - - - - - 8 - 5 5 - - - - - - 7 ' 4 - - - - “ “ 46 46 “ 1 - “ “ “ " " “ - - 12 5 " “ 19 32 19 21 26 1 12 19 16 3 5 15 2 6 18 7 2 2 8 8 6 31 28 3 ' 14 14 3 3 " 9 9 6 6 3 3 3 1.71 j 2 2 3 3 4 3 1 3 24 6 1 3 24 - - ' ' _ 35 35 ' ‘ 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 ' 12 3 3 12 2 6 6 6 6 7 4 3 2 6 4 2 5 2 3 3 3 - - 3 3 1 1 3 | i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ See footnotes at end of table. - ' 6 6 18 1 1 - 1 ' 22 21 1 21 13 - 1 3 63 40 23 ’ ' ' 2 “ 2 2 2 2 S 2. 70 and over NOTE: Data for nonmanufacturing do not include information for hotels which employ more than 100 workers; the smaller hotels and the remainder of the services division are appropriately represented in data for all industries combined and for nonmanufacturing. 2 2 “ - - - 1 1 8 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations-Continued (A verage straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Little Rock—North Little Rock, A rk. , August I960) Truckdrivers 4 __________________________ Manufacturing ________________________ Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------ Truckdrivers, light (under l */2 tons) -------------------------------------------------Manufacturing -------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------Truckdrivers, medium ( l */2 to and including 4 tons) ________________ Nonmanufacturing ------------------------- Truckers, power (forklift) ______________ Manufacturing -----------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ____________________ Watchmen________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ 1 2 3 4 5 550 336 214 78 61 ’ 24 37 332 218 114 42 $ 1.65 1. 50 1.90 2.64 - - - 1.37 1. 50 1 . 29 - - - - " " '2 1 .46 1.30 1.77 2 64 - - - - - - - - - - 86 1.67 1. 50 27 2 . 20 113 92 74 18 2 - 1. 24 1. 23 1. 31 - . - _ _ _ 3 2 . 35 ~ ir ~ 1 . 20 1 . 20 Sl. 30 $ 1. 40 *1.50 1.40 1. 50 1.60 1.30 4 4 - 4 4 - - 2 2 12 10 2 8 ■ " 102 101 1 80 24 56 28 28 - 8 8 - 17 17 17 17 - 14 2 1 11 7 12 - - 4 4 - 1 7 3 - 2 - 2 24 17 7 - 4 4 _ 1 28 24 4 Data lim ited to men w orkers except where otherw ise indicated. Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Transportation, communication, and other public u tilities. Includes all d rivers regard less of size and type of truck operated. A ll w orkers were at $ 2. 70 to $ 2. 80. 1 . 80 ----- 8 - 109 92 T05~ 24 4 68 3 - *1.70 o $ 1 O' 1 . 10 o S’ -0 •o Occupation1 and industry division Average s0.40 s0. 50 S0.60 $0. 70 s0.80 $0. 90 hourly , earningsc and wider . 60 . 80 .90 1 .0 0 . 50 . 70 o o NUM BER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STR AIGH T-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of workers 21 18 3 8 6 2 38 30 8 n 8 3 8 - 8 8 17 “ 75“ s $ $ $ $ $ $ 1.80 1 .9 0 2 . 00 $2 . 10 $2 . 20 2. 30 2.40 2. 50 2.60 $2. 70 and 1 .9 0 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 20 10 10 114 114 - - - - - - 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2 . 60 2.70 over 6 - 26 26 5 5 - 8 8 7 69 69 69 - 2 - - - 2 _ - 1 - 2 2 - 10 10 “ ■ ■ 2 2 - 17 16 - 22 - - 4 - - 8 35 - - - 1 - Zi - - - 4 - - 8 35 35 - 2 2 4 4 34 34 8 8 9 14 4 9 " 14 ■ 54 6 4 2 4 4 _ 5 2 3 6 2 2 2 7 ~ - B ‘« Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-1. Shift Differentials (Shift differentials of manufacturing plant workers by type and amount of differential, Little Rock—North Little Rock, A r k ., August I960) Percent of manufacturing plant workers— In establishments having formal provisions 1 for— Shift differential Second shift work Total ~ Third or other shift Third or other shift work Second shift 72. 3 55. 1 9 .2 1 .6 62. 0 5 2 .9 8. 3 1 .4 ------------------------------------- 53. 3 44. 1 6 .2 .9 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- -----------_____________ _____ ____ ______ ____ __ ___ --------------------------------------------------------------- _________________________________________ ------------------------ ------------ ------------- --------------------------------- ------- ---------__________________ _____ ________ ___ 1 .5 1 9.6 1. 9 23. 9 .8 3. 5 2. 2 _ _ _ 4. 7 1 .5 18. 7 2 .5 3. 5 1 3 .2 - 1 .9 .2 3 .2 1 .0 (2) .9 - — --------------------------------------- ----- ------------------ With shift pay differential ----------------------------------------- Uniform cents (per hour) 4 cents 5 cents 6 cents 7 cents 8 cents 9 cents 10 cents 11 cents Actually working on— Uniform percentage ------------ -------------------- —---------- 8. 7 8. 7 2 .0 .5 ------------ 8. 7 8. 7 2. 0 .5 No shift pay differential --------------------------------------------- 10. 3 2 .2 .9 .2 10 percent _________ — --------------- 1 Includes establishments currently operating late shifts, though they were not currently operating late shifts. 2 L ess than 0. 05 percent. and establishments with form al provisions covering late shifts even 10 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers (Distribution of establishments studied in all industries and in industry divisions by minimum entrance salary for selected categories of inexperienced women office workers, Little Rock-North Little Rock, A r k ., August I960) Other inexperienced clerical w orkers2 Inexperienced typists Manufacturing Minimum weekly salary Establishments studied 1 73 All industries Based on standard weekly ho u rs3 of— All industries ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Manufa cturing Nonmanufacturing 40 All schedules 37 Vz 40 73 32 XXX 41 XXX XXX 47 20 19 27 4 20 40 All schedules 37Vz 40 32 XXX 41 XXX XXX 4 13 2 2 - ------------------------------- 9 9 19 Under $ 3 0 .0 0 ............................................................................... $ 30. 00 and under $ 32. 50 * --------------------------------------------------------------------$ 32. 50 and under $ 3 5 .0 0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------$ 35. 00 and under $ 3 7 .5 0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------$ 37. 50 and under $ 40. 00 ---------------------------------------------------------------------$ 4 0 . 00 and under $ 4 2 . 50 --------------------------------------- -----------------$ 42. 50 and under $ 45. 00 ------------------------ --------------------------------------$ 45. 00 and under $ 47. 50 --------------------------------------- ---------------------------$ 4 7 . 50 and under $ 50. 00 ----------------------------------------------------------------------$ 5 0 .0 0 and under $ 5 2 .5 0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------$ 52. 50 and under $ 5 5 .0 0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------$ 5 5 . 00 and under $ 5 7 .5 0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------$ 5 7 . 50 and under $ 60. 00 ------------------------------------------------Over $ 6 0 .0 0 ------------------ ------------------------------------------- _ _ _ _ - - - - Establishments having a specified minimum All schedules All schedules 28 2 - - 2 - - - - 1 1 8 - - 1 - 1 - 1 1 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 1 18 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 4 - - - - - - 4 2 1 2 1 - - - - - 1 - - 2 2 1 1 1 “ 2 1 1 1 1 ------------------- 8 2 XXX 6 XXX Establishments which did not employ workers in this category ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 21 XXX 16 XXX Establishments having no specified minimum 4 2 1 - - - 2 2 - 1 1 - - - - - - 8 1 1 1 6 1 1 - 1 1 1 - 5 XXX 9 XXX XXX 7 XXX 5 XXX XXX XXX 14 XXX 12 1 - - - 3 3 9 2 1 1 1 - - 1 10 3 1 2 3 1 1 1 8 1 2 1 6 1 1 - - Nonmanufacturing Based on standard weekly hours 3 of— - 8 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 - 1 - 1 Lowest salary rate form ally established for hiring inexperienced workers for typing or other clerical jobs. 2 Rates applicable to m essengers, office girls, or sim ilar subclerical jobs are not considered. 3 Hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-tim e salaries. Data are presented for all workweeks combined, and for the most common workweeks reported. Table B-3. Scheduled W eekly Hours (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by scheduled weekly hours of first-sh ift workers, Little Rock—North Little Rock, A r k ., August I960) O F FIC E W O R K E R S PLAN T W O RK ERS Weekly hours All industries1 A ll workers ____________________________________ Under 3 7 x/z hours --------------------------------------------3 7 * / z hours _____________________________________ 3 8 * / z hours -------------------------------------------------------4 0 hours ----------------------------------- ----------------------Over 4 0 and under 4 4 hours _______________ __ 4 4 hours ------------------------------------------------------------Over 4 4 and under 4 8 hours ---------------------------4 8 hours and over ---------------------------------------- __ 100 M anufacturing 100 (4) 14 2 72 90 8 4 2 2 2 (4) 2 2 _ _ Public utilities 100 _ _ 98 _ _ _ 2 2 All industries 3 M anufacturing 100 100 2 4 _ 4 77 6 Public utilities2 100 _ 92 2 3 1 _ 8 3 90 10 1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services (except hotels which employed more than 100 workers) in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and. other public utilities. 3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services (except hotels which employed m ore than 100 workers) in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 4 L ess than 0. 5 percent. 11 Table B-4. Paid Holidays (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidays provided annually. Little Rock—North Little Rock, Ark. , August I960) PLAN T W ORKERS O F FIC E W O R K E R S Item All industries A ll workers ___________________ 1 M anufacturing Public utilities2 All industries 3 M anufacturing Public utilities2 _______________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 Workers in establishments providing paid holidays _________ ______________________ W orkers in establishments providing no paid holidays __________ _______________ „ 99 100 99 96 99 97 1 4 1 3 19 1 13 84 2 8 29 1 17 3 1 36 4 7 23 22 6 2 34 7 9 81 24 32 54 54 91 99 100 84 84 98 98 99 99 99 37 40 57 58 86 94 96 36 42 64 64 87 94 99 81 81 90 90 90 97 97 1 Number of days 2 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 holidays _________________ __ _______________ holidays _____________________ _______________ holidays _______ ________ __________________ holidays plus 1 half day _____________________ holidays ______________________________________ holidays plus 1 half day _____________________ holidays plus 2 half days ____________________ holidays ______________________________________ (4 ) 3 58 2 10 2 1 25 1 8 37 22 7 5 Total h o liday tim e 5 7 days ____________________________________________ 6 V2 or more days --------------------------------------------6 or more days _________________________________ 5V2 or m ore days _____________________________ 5 or more days -------------------------------------------------4 or more days _________________________________ 2 or more days -------------------------------------------------- 26 28 37 39 97 99 99 1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services (except hotels which employed more than 100 workers) in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services (except hotels which employed more than 100 workers) in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 4 Less than 0. 5 percent. 5 A ll combinations of full and half days that add to the same amount are combined; for example, the proportion of workers receiving a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days and no half days, 6 full days and 2 half days, 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. Proportions were then cumulated. 12 Table B-5. Paid Vacations (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Little Rock—North Little Rook, Ark. , August I960) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS V a c a t io n p o l i c y All industries * A ll w o rk e r s _________________________________________ Manufacturing 100 100 99 99 - 99 99 - ( 5) ( 5) 4 60 36 Public utilities2 All industries3 100 100 100 4 Manufacturing Public utilities2 100 100 95 94 100 M e t h o d off p a y m e n t W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g p a id v a c a t i o n s ______ ____________________________ L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t __ _________________ P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t ----------------------------------------F l a t - s u m p a y m e n t ______ _____________________ O t h e r _____________________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g n o p a id v a c a t i o n s ________________________________ A m o u n t off v a c a t i o n A fte r 6 p a y 100 - 97 97 100 ( 5) 1 - 1 - - - 3 5 " 6 m on th s o f s e r v i c e U n der 1 w eek __________________________ __________ 1 w e e k _______________________________________________ 6 _ 59 18 30 12 8 2 17 A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e ______________________________________ U n der 1 w eek 1 w eek _______________________________________________ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ________________________ 2 w e e k s _______________________________________________ _ _ 37 ( 5) 62 41 59 _ _ 24 76 _ 68 1 79 3 82 1 2 31 13 8 _ 85 _ 15 A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e U n d e r 1 w e e k _______________________________________ 1 w eek ______________________________________________ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s _______________________ 2 w e e k s _______________________________________________ 11 4 85 _ _ 1 3 3 43 18 79 32 59 14 19 31 34 31 30 97 20 15 54 A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek ______________________________________________ O v e r 1 an d u n d e r 2 w e e k s 2 w e e k s _______________________________________________ 8 ( 5) 92 . 19 80 1 24 18 99 55 1 _ 3 A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e w e e k _______________________________________________ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ________________________ 2 w e e k s ______________________________________________ 3 w e e k s _______________________ _____________________ 1 See footnotes at end of table. 3 ( 5) 97 ( 5) 98 4 3 _ 1 2 2 3 99 90 88 97 2 ' f> X tl Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued ( P e r c e n t d i s t r ib u t io n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s t r ie s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v i s i o n s , L it t l e R o c k —N o r t h L it t l e R o c k , A r k . , A u g u s t I9 6 0 ) PLAN T W ORKERS O F FIC E W O R K E R S V a c a t io n p o l i c y All industries1 M anufacturing Public utilities2 All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities2 Amount of vocation p a y 6— Continued A f t e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ________________________________________________ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s -------------------------------------2 w e e k s _______________________________________________ O v e r 2 an d u n d e r 3 w e e k s -------------------------------------3 w e e k s _______________________________________________ 2 79 ( 5) 19 1 62 36 2 2 - 2 2 - 89 59 1 72 - 99 - 9 22 32 - 1 A f t e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ________________________________________________ O v e r 1 an d u n d e r 2 w e e k s -------------------------------------2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s -------------------------------------3 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s _______________________________________________ 2 1 45 57 38 3 ( 5) 52 1 . 7 1 92 ■ 2 2 2 2 48 46 ■ 47 44 13 87 ■ ~ A f t e r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e w e e k ------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 an d u n d e r 2 w e e k s _________________________ 2 w e e k s _______________________________________________ O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s -------------------------------------3 w e e k s _________________________________ _______________ 4 w e e k s _______________________________________________ 1 2 42 ( 5) 53 2 1 57 - _ 7 1 33 90 9 2 2 _ 2 2 2 - 48 42 4 47 40 4 13 79 8 A f t e r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 an d u n d e r 2 w e e k s _________________________ 2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 an d u n d e r 3 w e e k s -------------------------------------3 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s _______________________________________________ 2 1 42 57 25 17 ( 5) 50 6 . 7 2 2 90 48 40 2 6 1 . 13 79 2 2 47 37 7 8 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w h o le s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; fi n a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s ( e x c e p t h o t e ls w h ic h e m p l o y e d m o r e th a n 1 00 w o r k e r s ) in a d d it io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y sh ow n s e p a r a te ly . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t io n ; a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . 3 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w h o le s a l e t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s ( e x c e p t h o t e ls w h ic h e m p l o y e d m o r e th a n 100 w o r k e r s ) in a d d it io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 4 I n c lu d e s p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s w h ic h d id n o t p r o v i d e p a id v a c a t i o n s u n t il a f t e r 3 y e a r s ’ s e r v i c e . 5 L e s s th a n 0 . 5 p e r c e n t . 6 P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b i t r a r i l y c h o s e n a n d d o n o t n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t th e in d iv id u a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n s . F o r e x a m p le , th e c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t i o n s in d ic a t e d at 10 y e a r s ’ s e r v i c e in c lu d e c h a n g e s in p r o v i s i o n s o c c u r r i n g b e t w e e n 5 a n d 10 y e a r s . 1 d iv is io n s 2 N O T E : In th e t a b u la t io n s o f v a c a t i o n a ll o w a n c e s b y y e a r s o f s e r v i c e , p a y m e n t s o t h e r th a n " le n g t h o f t i m e , " t o an e q u iv a le n t t im e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s 1 w e e k 's su ch a s p e r ce n ta g e o f annual e a rn in g s o r fla t - s u m pay. p a y m e n ts, w ere co n v e rte d 14 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans ( P e r c e n t o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s t r ie s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s e m p l o y e d in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n b e n e f it s , L it t l e R o c k —N o r t h L it t l e R o c k , A r k . , A u g u s t I9 6 0 ) O F FIC E W O R K E R S PLAN T W ORKERS T y p e o f b e n e fit All industries1 A ll w o rk e r s __________________________________________ M anufacturing Public utilities2 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 100 90 84 86 73 76 51 68 48 73 40 40 31 81 46 100 100 W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g : L i f e in s u r a n c e ___________________________________ A c c i d e n t a l d e a th a n d d i s m e m b e r m e n t in s u r a n c e ---------------------------------------------------- ----S ic k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e o r s i c k le a v e o r b o t h 4 ___________________________ 73 79 58 66 S ic k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e ______ __ S ic k le a v e (f u ll p a y a n d no w a it in g p e r io d ) _____________________________ S ic k l e a v e (p a r t ia l p a y o r w a it in g p e r io d ) __________________________ _ 25 60 9 43 59 9 60 51 31 14 9 22 11 - 48 4 - 16 H o s p i t a l iz a t io n in s u r a n c e _____________________ S u r g i c a l in s u r a n c e _____________________________ M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e ______________________________ C a t a s t r o p h e in s u r a n c e _________________________ R e t i r e m e n t p e n s io n ____________________________ N o h e a lt h , in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n p la n _____ 74 72 59 47 67 4 89 80 55 45 63 3 49 49 48 48 70 3 80 73 52 36 37 12 80 72 54 26 33 16 73 73 66 66 38 3 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w h o le s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; fi n a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s ( e x c e p t h o t e ls w h ic h e m p l o y e d m o r e th a n 1 00 w o r k e r s ) in a d d it io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y show n s e p a r a te ly . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . 3 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w h o le s a l e t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s ( e x c e p t h o t e ls w h ic h e m p l o y e d m o r e th a n 100 w o r k e r s ) in a d d it io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 4 U n d u p lic a t e d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s i c k l e a v e o r s i c k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t in s u r a n c e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y b e lo w . S i c k - l e a v e p la n s a r e l i m i t e d t o t h o s e w h ic h d e f in i t e ly e s t a b l i s h at le a s t th e m in im u n n u m b e r o f d a y s ' p a y th a t c a n b e e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p l o y e e . I n fo r m a l s i c k - l e a v e a ll o w a n c e s d e t e r m in e d o n a n in d iv id u a l b a s i s a r e e x c l u d e d . 1 d iv is io n s 2 15 A ppendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in classifyin g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. O F F IC E BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerica l work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follow s: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. B ille r , m achine (b illin g m achine )— Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, e tc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine)— Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare custom ers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types o f sales and credit slips. Class A — Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge o f and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B — Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers* accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or a ssist in preparation o f trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more section s of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase o f an establish ment's business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 16 CLERK, ACCOUNTING— Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper a c counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocation s. May a ssist in preparing, ad justing and closin g journal entries; may direct cla ss B accounting clerks. C la s s B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or a c counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine account ing work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the n eces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers’ earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and a ssist paymaster in making up and distributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. CLERK, FILE C la s s A — In an established filing system containing a num ber of varied subject matter file s, cla ssifie s and indexes corres pondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or may super vise others in filing and locating material in the file s . May per form incidental clerical duties. C la s s B — Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been cla ssified or which is easily identifiable, or locates or assists in locating inaterial in file s. May perform incidental clerica l duties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives customers* orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any com bination o f the fo llo w in g : Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled . May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check ship ping invoices with original orders. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi b ilities, reproduces multiple cop ies o f typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used sten cils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi b ilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a sp ecified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written in formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de vice attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, op erating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerica l work. 17 SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an ad ministrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into o ffice; answering and making phone ca lls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in or der, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work (see transcribing-machine operator). STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scien tific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or o ffice ca lls . May record toll calls and take m essages. May give information to per sons who ca ll in, or occasion ally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single p o si tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may a lso type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker's time while at switchboard. TABU LATIN G-MAC HINE OPERATOR Class A — Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical a c counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without clo se supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. Class B — Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical a c counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter,,reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under sp ecific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. Class C — Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with sp e cific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs, or re petitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May a lso type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. 18 TYPIST— Continued TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in clude typing of sten cils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicat ing processes. May do clerical work involving little specia l training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. Class A — Performs one or more o f the following: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc- tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. Class B — Performs one or more o f the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance p o licie s, e tc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tables already set up and spaced properly. PR O F E SSIO N A L AND T E C H N IC A L DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problems. May a ssist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad ministrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying com pleted work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specification s; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combina• tion o f the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees* injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR TRACER Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur poses. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing work ing plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-section s, e tc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, com pass, and other drafting to o ls. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. 19 M A IN T E N A N C E D POW ER PLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter's handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials n ec essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a ssist in repairing boilerroom equipment. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specifications;.locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician 's handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may a lso supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded . HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing sp ecific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are a lso performed by workers on a full-time basis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and specification s; planning and laying out o f work; using a variety of ma ch in ist's handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and 20 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued MILLWRIGHT— Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to clo se tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into me chanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. are required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specification s; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill wright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors o f an e s tablishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechan ica l equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d is mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout OILER Lubricates, with o il or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: L ayin gou tof work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specification s; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specification s. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating system s are excluded . 21 TOOL AND DIE MAKER PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber's snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specification s; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Diemaker; jig maker; toolmaker; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specification s; using a variety of tool and die maker's handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to clo s e tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and p rocesses. In general, the tool and die maker's work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tion . C U S T O D IA L A N D M A T E R IA L M O V E M E N T ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f employees and other persons entering. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the follow ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or 22 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting d ev ic es; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen , who load and unload ships are excluded . ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sa le s slip s, customers’ orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued For wage study purposes, workers are c la ssified as follow s: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such a s : Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, w holesale and retail establishm ents, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of bu sin ess. May a lso load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, s iz e , and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closin g and sealing container; applying lab els or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are cla ssifie d by size and type of equipment, as follow s: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the b asis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination o f sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under l l/2 tons) Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER boxes or crates are excluded . SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or a s s is t in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, inv o ices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de partments; maintaining necessary records and file s . Operates a manually controlled g a so lin e- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of a ll kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishm ent. For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssifie d truck, as follow s: by type of Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illeg a l entry. -&U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1960 O — 573520 Occupational wage surveys will be conducted in the 82 major labor markets listed below during late I960 and early 1961. Bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D .C ., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover. A summary bulletin containing data for 80 labor markets, combined with additional analysis, will be issued early in 1962. Akron, Ohio— Bull. 1285Albany—Schenectady—Troy, N .Y .-—Bull. 1285Albuquerque, N. Mex.— Bull. 1285Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, P a .-N .J .— Bull. 1285Atlanta, G a .-—Bull. 1285Baltimore, Md.— Bull. 1285Beaumont—Port Arthur, Te^c.— Bull. 1285Birmingham, A la.— Bull. 1285- Green Bay, W is.— Bull. 1285-2 Greenville, S .C .— Bull. 1285Houston, T ex .— Bull. 1285Indianapolis, Ind.— Bull. 1285Jackson, M iss.— Bull. 1285Jacksonville, F la .— Bull. 1285Kansas City, Mo.—Kans.— Bull. 1285Lawrence—Haverhill, M ass.—N .H .-—Bull. 1285Little Rock—North Little Rock, Ark.— Bull. 1285-6 Pittsburgh, P a.— Bull. 1285Portland, Maine— Bull. 1285Portland, Oreg.—Wash.— Bull. 1285Providence—Pawtucket, R .I.—M ass.— Bull. 1285Raleigh, N .C .— Bull. 1285-5 Richmond, V a .— Bull. 1285Rockford, 111.— Bull. 1285St. Louis, Mo.—111.— Bull. 1285Salt Lake City, Utah— Buli. 1285- Boise, Idaho— Bull. 1285Boston, Mass.— Bull. 1285Buffalo, N .Y .— Bull. 1285Burlington, V t.— Bull. 1285Canton, Ohio— Bull. 1285Charleston, W. V a .— Bull. 1285Charlotte, N .C .— Bull. 1285Chattanooga, Tenn.—Ga.— Bull. 1285Chicago, 111.— Bull. 1285- Los Angeles—Long Beach, C alif.— Bull. 1285Louisville, K y.—Ind.— Bull. 1285Lubbock, T ex .— Bull. 1285Manchester, N .H .— Buil. 1285-1 Memphis, Tenn.— Bull. 1285Miami, F la .-—Bull. 1285Milwaukee, W is.-—Bull. 1285Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn.— Bull. 1285Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich.— Bull. 1285- San Antonio, T ex .— Bull. 1285San Bernardino—Riverside—Ontario, C alif.— Bull. 1285-4 San Francisco—Oakland, C alif.— Bull. 1285Savannah, G a.-—Bull. 1285Scranton, P a.— Bull. 1285Seattle, Wash.— Bull. 1285-7 Sioux F alls, S. Dak.-—Bull. 1285South Bend, Ind.— Bull. 1285- Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky.— Bull. 1285Cleveland, Ohio— Bull. 1285Columbus, Ohio— Bull. 1285“ Dallas, Tex.— Bull. 1285Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111.— Bull. 1285Dayton, Ohio—-Bull. 1285Denver, Colo.— Bull. 1285Des Moines, Iowa— Bull. 1285Detroit, Mich.— Bull. 1285Fort Worth, T ex .— Buil. 1285- Newark and Jersey City, N .J.— Bull. 1285New Haven, Conn.— Bull. 1285New Orleans, L a .— Bull. 1285New York, N . Y . - B u l l . 1285Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, V a.— Bull. 1285Oklahoma City, Okla.— Bull. 1285-3 Omaha, Nebr.—Iowa— Bull. 1285Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N .J.— Bull. 1285Philadelphia, P a.— Bull. 1285Phoenix, Ariz.— Bull. 1285- Spokane, Wash.— Bull. 1285Toledo, Ohio— Bull. 1285Trenton, N .J.— Bull. 1285Washington, D .C .—Md.—V a .-—Bull. 1285Waterbury, Conn.— Bull. 1285Waterloo, Iowa— Bull. 1285Wichita, Kans.-—Bull. 1285Wilmington, D ei.—N .J .— Bull. 1285Worcester, M ass.— Bull. 1285York, P a.— Bull. 1285- An asterisk preceding a labor market indicates the availability and price of the bulletin. P lease do not order copies in advance.
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