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Occupational Wage Survey FO RT W O R TH , T E X A S NOVEMBER 1960 Bulletin No. 1285-23 UNITEDSTATES DEPARTMENTOF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan C lagua, Commissionar O c c u p a tio n a l W age S u rv e y FO R T W O RTH, T EX A S NOVEMBER 1960 Bulletin No. 1285-23 January 1961 UNITEDSTATES DEPARTMENTOF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan C lagua, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 25 cents P r e fa c e C on ten ts Page T h e C o m m u n ity W age S u r v e y P r o g r a m T h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s r e g u l a r l y co n d u cts a r e a w id e w a g e s u r v e y s in a n u m b e r o f im p o r ta n t in d u s t r ia l c e n t e r s . T h e s t u d ie s , m a d e fr o m la te f a l l to e a r l y s p r in g , r e la t e to o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and r e la t e d s u p p le m e n t a r y b e n e fit s . A p r e l im in a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on c o m p le tio n o f th e stu d y in e a c h a r e a , u s u a lly in the m o n th fo llo w in g the p a y r o l l p e r io d s tu d ie d . T h is b u lle tin p r o v id e s a d d itio n a l d a ta n ot in c lu d e d in the e a r l i e r r e p o r t . A c o n s o lid a te d a n a ly t ic a l b u lle tin s u m m a r iz in g the r e s u lt s o f a ll o f the y e a r 's s u r v e y s is is s u e d a f t e r c o m p le tio n o f the fin a l a r e a b u lle tin f o r th e c u r r e n t rou n d o f s u r v e y s . In tro d u c tio n _____________________________________________________ W age tr e n d s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s ______________________ T a b le s : 1. 2. A: T h is r e p o r t w a s p r e p a r e d in th e B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o f fic e in A tla n ta , G a. , b y D o n ald M . C r u s e , u n d e r the d ir e c t io n o f L o u is B . W o y ty ch , A s s i s t a n t R e g io n a l D i r e c t o r f o r W a g e s and I n d u s t r ia l R e la t io n s . 1 4 B: E s t a b lis h m e n t s and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y __________ P e r c e n t s o f ch a n g e in s ta n d a rd w e e k ly s a l a r i e s and s t r a ig h t tim e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s _______ O c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s : * A - 1. O ffic e o c c u p a tio n s ___________________________________ A - 2. P r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n ic a l o c c u p a t i o n s ________________ A - 3. M a in te n a n c e and p o w e r p la n t o c c u p a t i o n s _______________ A -4 . C u s to d ia l and m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a tio n s _________ E s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v is io n s : * B -l. S h ift d if f e r e n t ia ls ___________________________________ B - 2 . M in im u m e n tr a n c e s a l a r i e s f o r w o m en o f fic e w o r k e r s ___________________________________________ B -3 . S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u rs ______________________________ B -4 . P a id h o l i d a y s _______________________________________ B -5 . P a id v a c a t io n s ______________________________________ B -6 . H e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p l a n s _________________ A p p e n d ix : O c c u p a tio n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s ________________________________ * NOTE: S im il a r ta b u la tio n s f o r m o s t o f th e s e it e m s a r e a v a ila b le in th e F o r t W o rth a r e a r e p o r t f o r N o v e m b e r 1959, a s w e ll a s in s i m i l a r r e p o r t s f o r the o th e r m a jo r a r e a s . A d i r e c t o r y in d ic a tin g d a te o f s tu d y and the p r i c e o f the r e p o r t s , is a v a ila b le upon r e q u e s t. iii 3 3 5 7 8 9 11 12 12 13 14 16 17 O c c u p a tio n a l W age S u r v e y — Fort W o r t h , T e x . Introduction T h is a r e a is one o f s e v e r a l im p o r ta n t in d u s t r ia l c e n t e r s in w h ich th e U. S. D e p a r tm e n t o f L a b o r *s B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s h as co n d u cted s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and r e la t e d w a g e b e n e fits on an a r e a w id e b a s is . In th is a r e a , d a ta w e r e o b ta in e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u f ie ld e c o n o m is ts to r e p r e s e n t a t iv e e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith in s ix b r o a d in d u s t r y d iv is io n s : M a n u fa c tu r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t io n ,1 c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t il it ie s ; w h o le s a le t r a d e ; r e t a il t r a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a te ; and s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in d u s t r y g r o u p s e x c lu d e d fr o m t h e s e s tu d ie s a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a tio n s and th e c o n s t r u c t io n and e x t r a c t iv e in d u s t r ie s . E s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g fe w e r th an a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m itte d a ls o b e c a u s e th e y fu r n is h in s u ff ic ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in th e o c c u p a tio n s s tu d ie d to w a r ra n t in c lu s io n . W h e r e v e r p o s s ib le , s e p a r a t e ta b u la tio n s a r e p r o v id e d f o r e a c h o f th e b r o a d in d u s t r y d iv is io n s . T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e co n d u cte d on a s a m p le b a s is b e c a u s e o f the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in s u r v e y in g a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s . To o b tain a p p r o p r ia t e a c c u r a c y a t m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r tio n o f la r g e than o f s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s is s tu d ie d . In c o m b in in g the d a ta , h o w e v e r , a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e g iv e n t h e ir a p p r o p r ia t e w e ig h t. E s t im a t e s b a s e d on th e e s t a b lis h m e n t s stu d ie d a r e p r e s e n te d , t h e r e f o r e , a s r e la tin g to a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s in th e in d u s t r y g ro u p in g and a r e a , e x c e p t f o r th o s e b e lo w the m in im u m s i z e s tu d ie d . O ccu p a tion s and E a rn in gs T h e o c c u p a tio n s s e le c t e d f o r stu d y a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie t y o f m a n u fa c tu r in g and n o n m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s t r ie s . O c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s if ic a t io n is b a s e d on a u n ifo r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d e s ig n e d to ta k e a c c o u n t o f in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t v a r ia t io n in d u tie s w ith in the s a m e jo b . (See a p p en d ix f o r lis t in g o f t h e s e d e s c r ip t io n s .) E a r n in g s d a ta a r e p r e s e n te d (in th e A - s e r i e s ta b le s ) f o r th e fo llo w in g ty p e s o f o c c u p a tio n s : (a) O ffic e c l e r i c a l ; (b) p r o f e s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l; (c) m a in t e n a n ce and p o w e rp la n t; and (d) c u s to d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t. l a t e s h if t s . N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s a r e e x c lu d e d a ls o , but c o s t - o f liv in g b o n u s e s and in c e n tiv e e a r n in g s a r e in c lu d e d . W h ere w e e k ly h o u rs a r e r e p o r te d , a s fo r o ffic e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a tio n s , r e f e r e n c e is to the w o r k s c h e d u le s (ro u n d ed to th e n e a r e s t h a lf hour) f o r w h ich s t r a ig h t - t im e s a l a r i e s a r e p aid ; a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s f o r th e s e o c c u p a tio n s h a v e b e e n ro u n ded to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r . A v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f m e n and w o m en a r e p r e s e n te d s e p a r a t e ly f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s in w h ich both s e x e s a r e c o m m o n ly e m p lo y e d . D if f e r e n c e s in p a y l e v e l s o f m e n and w o m en in th e s e o c c u p a tio n s a r e l a r g e l y due to (1) d if f e r e n c e s in the d is t r ib u t io n o f the s e x e s am o n g in d u s t r ie s and e s t a b lis h m e n t s ; (2) d if f e r e n c e s in s p e c if ic d u tie s p e r fo r m e d , a lth o u g h the o c c u p a tio n s a r e a p p r o p r ia t e ly c l a s s i f i e d w ith in the s a m e s u r v e y jo b d e s c r ip tio n ; and (3) d if f e r e n c e s in le n g th o f s e r v ic e o r m e r it r e v ie w w hen in d iv id u a l s a l a r i e s a r e a d ju s te d on th is b a s is . L o n g e r a v e r a g e s e r v i c e o f m e n w ou ld r e s u lt in h ig h e r a v e r a g e p a y w hen b oth s e x e s a r e e m p lo y e d w ith in the s a m e r a te ra n g e . Job d e s c r ip tio n s u s e d in c l a s s if y in g e m p lo y e e s in th e s e s u r v e y s a r e u s u a l ly m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th o s e u s e d in in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n ts to a llo w f o r m in o r d if f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s ta b lis h m e n ts in s p e c if ic d u tie s p e r fo r m e d . O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s t im a t e s r e p r e s e n t the to ta l in a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith in the s c o p e o f the stu d y and n ot the n u m b e r a c t u a l ly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d if f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l s t r u c t u r e am o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , the e s t im a t e s o f o c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t o b ta in ed fr o m th e s a m p le o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s s tu d ie d s e r v e o n ly to in d ic a te the r e la t iv e im p o r ta n c e o f the jo b s s tu d ie d . T h e s e d if f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l s t r u c t u r e do not m a t e r i a l l y a ff e c t the a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n in g s d a ta. E s t a b lis h m e n t P r a c t i c e s and S u p p le m e n ta ry W age P r o v is io n s In fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d a ls o (in the B - s e r i e s ta b le s ) on s e le c t e d e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n ta r y b e n e fit s a s th e y r e la te to o ffic e and p la n t w o r k e r s . T h e t e r m ’’o f fic e w o r k e r s , ” a s u s e d O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t and e a r n in g s d a ta a r e sh o w n f o r in th is b u lle tin , in c lu d e s w o r k in g s u p e r v is o r s and n o n s u p e r v is o r y f u l l - t im e w o r k e r s , i. e . , th o s e h ir e d to w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly s c h e d w o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g c l e r i c a l o r r e la t e d fu n c tio n s , and e x c lu d e s a d m in u le in th e g iv e n o c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s if ic a t io n . E a r n in g s d a ta e x c lu d e i s t r a t i v e , e x e c u t iv e , and p r o f e s s io n a l p e r s o n n e l. ’’P la n t w o r k e r s " in p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and clu d e w o r k in g f o r e m e n and a l l n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s (in clu d in g le a d m e n and t r a in e e s ) e n g a g e d in n o n o ffic e fu n c tio n s . A d m in is t r a t iv e , R a ilr o a d s , f o r m e r l y e x c lu d e d f r o m the s c o p e o f t h e s e s t u d ie s e, x e c u t iv e , and p r o f e s s io n a l e m p lo y e e s , and f o r c e - a c c o u n t c o n s tr u c tio n e m p lo y e e s who a r e u t iliz e d a s a s e p a r a te w o r k f o r c e a r e e x c lu d e d . w e r e in c lu d e d in a l l o f the a r e a s s tu d ie d s in c e J u ly 19 59, e x c e p t C a f e t e r ia w o r k e r s and ro u te m e n a r e e x c lu d e d in m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s B a lt im o r e , B u ffa lo , C le v e la n d , and S e a t t le . R a ilr o a d s a r e n ow in t r i e s , but a r e in c lu d e d a s p la n t w o r k e r s in n o n m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s t r ie s . clu d e d in th e s c o p e o f a l l la b o r - m a r k e t w a g e s u r v e y s . 1 2 S h ift d if f e r e n t ia l d a ta (ta b le B - l ) a r e lim it e d to m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s . T h is in fo r m a tio n is p r e s e n te d both in t e r m s o f (a) e s t a b lis h m e n t p o l i c y , 2 p r e s e n te d in t e r m s o f to ta l p la n t w o r k e r e m p lo y m e n t, and (b) e ff e c t iv e p r a c t i c e , p r e s e n te d on th e b a s is o f w o r k e r s a c t u a lly e m p lo y e d on the s p e c if ie d s h ift at the t im e ’ o f the s u r v e y . In e s ta b lis h m e n ts h a v in g v a r ie d d if f e r e n t ia ls , the am o u n t a p p ly in g to a m a j o r it y w a s u s e d o r , i f no am oun t a p p lie d to a m a jo r it y , the c l a s s if ic a t io n " o t h e r 1' w a s u s e d . In e s ta b lis h m e n ts in w h ich s o m e l a t e s h ift h o u r s a r e p a id a t n o r m a l r a t e s , a d if f e r e n t ia l w as r e c o r d e d o n ly i f it a p p lie d to a m a o r it y o f th e s h ift h o u r s . M in im u m e n tr a n c e r a t e s (ta b le B -2 ) r e la t e o n ly to the e s t a b lis h m e n ts v is it e d . T h e y a r e p r e s e n te d on an e s t a b lis h m e n t , r a t h e r th an on an e m p lo y m e n t b a s is . P a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a t io n s ; and h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s a r e t r e a t e d s t a t i s t ic a l l y on the b a s is th a t th e s e a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll p la n t o r o f fic e w o r k e r s if a m a j o r i t y o f s u c h w o r k e r s a r e e lig ib le o r m a y e v e n tu a lly q u a lify f o r the p r a c t i c e s lis t e d . S ch e d u le d h o u r s a r e t r e a t e d s t a t i s t ic a l l y on the b a s is th a t th e s e a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll p la n t o r o f fic e w o r k e r s i f a m a jo r it y a r e c o v e r e d . 3 B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g, s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s in t h e s e ta b u la tio n s m a y not e q u a l t o ta ls . T he f i r s t p a r t o f th e p a id h o lid a y s ta b le p r e s e n t s the n u m b e r o f w h o le and h a lf h o lid a y s a c t u a lly p r o v id e d . The secon d p a rt c o m b in e s w h o le and h a lf h o lid a y s to sh o w to ta l h o lid a y t i m e . T h e s u m m a r y o f v a c a tio n p la n s is lim it e d to f o r m a l a r r a n g e m e n ts , e x c lu d in g in fo r m a l p la n s w h e r e b y tim e o ff w ith p a y is g r a n te d a t the d is c r e t io n o f th e e m p lo y e r . S e p a r a te e s t im a t e s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to e m p lo y e r p r a c t ic e in co m p u tin g v a c a tio n p a y m e n ts , s u c h a s tim e p a y m e n ts , p e r c e n t o f an n u al e a r n in g s , o r f la t - s u m a m o u n ts . H o w e v e r , in th e ta b u la tio n s o f v a c a t io n a llo w a n c e s , p a y m e n ts not on a tim e b a s is w e r e c o n v e r te d ; f o r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f an n u al e a r n in g s w a s c o n s id e r e d a s th e e q u iv a le n t o f 1 w e e k 's p a y . 2 A n e s ta b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s id e r e d a s h a v in g a p o lic y i f it m e t e it h e r o f th e fo llo w in g co n d itio n s; (1) O p e r a te d la te s h ift s a t th e tim e o f th e s u r v e y , o r (2) had f o r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te s h if t s . S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s f o r o ffic e w o r k e r s ( f ir s t s e c t io n o f ta b le B -3 ) in s u r v e y s m a d e p r i o r to J u ly 1957 w e r e p r e s e n te d in te r m s o f the p r o p o r tio n o f w o m en o f fic e w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in o f fic e s w ith th e in d ic a te d w e e k ly h o u rs f o r w o m en w o r k e r s . 3 D a ta a r e p r e s e n te d f o r a ll h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s f o r w h ich at l e a s t a p a r t o f th e c o s t is b o rn e b y the e m p lo y e r , e x c e p tin g o n ly le g a l r e q u ir e m e n t s s u c h a s w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a tio n , s o c ia l s e c u r it y , and r a ilr o a d r e t ir e m e n t . S u ch p la n s in c lu d e th o s e u n d e r w r itte n b y a c o m m e r c ia l in s u r a n c e co m p a n y and th o s e p r o v id e d th ro u g h a union fund o r p a id d i r e c t l y b y th e e m p lo y e r out o f c u r r e n t o p e r a tin g funds o r fr o m a fund s e t a s id e f o r th is p u r p o s e . D e a th b e n e fits a r e in c lu d e d as a fo r m o f lif e in s u r a n c e . S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e is lim it e d to th a t ty p e o f in s u r a n c e u n d e r w h ich p r e d e t e r m in e d c a s h p a y m e n ts a r e m a d e d i r e c t l y to the in s u r e d on a w e e k ly o r m o n th ly b a s is d u r in g il l n e s s o r a c c id e n t d is a b ilit y . In fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d f o r a l l s u c h p la n s to w h ic h the e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u te s . H o w e v e r , in N ew Y o r k and N e w J e r s e y , w h ic h h a v e e n a c te d t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u r a n c e la w s w h ich r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s ,4 p la n s a r e in c lu d e d o n ly i f th e e m p lo y e r (1) c o n tr ib u t e s m o r e than is l e g a l l y r e q u ir e d , o r (2) p r o v id e s the e m p lo y e e w ith b e n e fits w h ich e x c e e d the r e q u ir e m e n t s o f the la w . T a b u la tio n s o f p a id s i c k - l e a v e p la n s a r e lim it e d to f o r m a l p la n s 5 w h ich p r o v id e f u ll p a y o r a p r o p o r tio n o f th e w o r k e r 's p a y d u r in g a b s e n c e fr o m w o r k b e c a u se of illn e s s . S e p a r a te ta b u la tio n s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to (1) .p lans w h ich p r o v id e fu ll p a y and no w a itin g p e r io d , and (2) p la n s p r o v id in g e it h e r p a r t ia l p a y o r a w a itin g p e r io d . In a d d itio n to the p r e s e n ta t io n o f the p r o p o r tio n s o f w o r k e r s who a r e p r o v id e d s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r p a id s ic k le a v e , an u n d u p lica te d to ta l is sh o w n o f w o r k e r s w ho r e c e iv e e it h e r o r b oth ty p e s o f b e n e fit s . C a ta s tr o p h e in s u r a n c e , s o m e t im e s r e f e r r e d to a s e x te n d e d m e d ic a l in s u r a n c e , in c lu d e s th o s e p la n s w h ic h a r e d e s ig n e d to p r o t e c t e m p lo y e e s in c a s e o f s ic k n e s s and in ju r y in v o lv in g e x p e n s e s b eyo n d the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p ita liz a t io n , m e d ic a l, and s u r g i c a l p la n s . M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p la n s p r o v id in g f o r c o m p le te o r p a r t ia l p a y m e n t o f d o c t o r s 1 f e e s . S u ch p la n s m a y b e u n d e r w r itte n b y c o m m e r c ia l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n ie s o r n o n p ro fit o r g a n iz a t io n s o r th e y m a y be s e l f - in s u r e d . T a b u la tio n s o f r e t ir e m e n t p e n s io n p la n s a r e lim it e d to th o s e p la n s th a t p r o v id e m o n th ly p a y m e n ts f o r the r e m a in d e r o f th e w o r k e r 's l i f e . 4 5 T h e t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y la w s in C a lif o r n ia and R h od e Is la n d do not r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u tio n s . A n e s t a b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s id e r e d a s h a v in g a f o r m a l p la n i f it e s t a b lis h e d at le a s t the m in im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s o f s i c k le a v e th a t co u ld b e e x p e c te d b y e a c h e m p lo y e e . S u c h a p la n n e e d n ot b e w r it t e n , but in fo r m a l s i c k - l e a v e a llo w a n c e s , d e te r m in e d on an in d iv id u a l b a s i s , w e r e e x c lu d e d . 3 Table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Fort Worth, Tex. Minimum employment in establish ments in scope of study Industry division A ll divisions _________________________________________ by major industry division, 2 November I960 Number of establishments W ithin scope of study 3 Workers in establishments Within scope of study Studied Studied Total 4 Office Plant Total 4 __ ___ 50 356 122 84, 900 15, 000 51,1 0 0 60, 080 Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------- — ------------Nonmanufacturing ---------------------------------------- ----------------------Transportation, communication, and other public utilities 5 -----------------------------------------------------------Wholesale trade ------------------------ ----------------------- ---------Retail trade ------------------------------------------------ -------------------Finance, insurance, and real estate --------------- ------S e rv ice s7 --------------------------------------------------- ------------ __ 50 50 131 225 48 74 45, 500 39, 400 6, 400 8, 600 28, 500 22, 600 36, 050 24, 030 50 50 50 50 50 33 47 80 34 31 19 10 24 10 1.1 12, 4, 15, 3, 3, 2, 000 (6) () (*) (6) 200 900 400 800 100 6, 600 (!) (!) (!) (6) 11, 1, 8, 1, 1, 120 300 310 910 390 1 The Fort Worth Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (Johnson and Tarrant Counties). The "w orkers within scope of study" estimates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estimates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to measure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and, (2) sm all establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division. Major changes from the earlier edition (used in the Bureau's labor market wage surveys conducted prior to July 1958) are the transfer of m ilk pasteurization plants and ready-m ixed concrete establishments from trade (wholesale or retail) to manufacturing, and the transfer of radio and television broadcasting from services to the transportation, communication, and other public utilities division. 3 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the m inim um -size limitation. All outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service, and m otion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 4 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories. 5 Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation were excluded. 6 This industry division is represented in estim ates for "a ll industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A and B tables. Separate presentation of data for this division is not made for one or more of the following reasons: (1) Employment in the division is too sm all to provide enough data to m erit separate study, (2) the sample was not designed initially to permit separat* presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to permit separate presentation, (4) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishment data. 7 Hotels; personal service s; business services; automobile repair shops; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organizations; and engineering and architectural services. Table 2. Percents of change in standard weekly salaries and straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupational groups in Fort Worth, Tex. , November 1959 to November I960 Occupational groups Office clerical (women) ---------------------------------------Industrial nurses (women) -----------------------------------Skilled maintenance (men) -----------------------------------Unskilled plant (men) -------------------------------------------- A ll industries 4. . 4. 1-. 9 5 3 5 Manufacturing 6. 9 1. 0 4. 1 3 .9 1 Increases for this group in manufacturing industries were offset by a de cline in nonmanufacturing industries; the decline in the latter group largely r e flects shifts in employments in this job group between high- and low -rate estab lishments rather than wage decreases. 4 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups P r e s e n te d in ta b le 2 a r e p e r c e n ts o f change in s a la r ie s o f w om en o ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u s tr ia l n u r s e s , and in a v e r a g e e a rn in g s o f s e le c t e d plant w o r k e r g ro u p s . T h e s e w eigh ted ea rn in g s f o r in d iv id u a l o c cu p a tio n s w e r e then to ta le d to obtain an a g g re g a te f o r e a c h o c cu p a tio n a l g rou p . F in a lly , the r a tio o f th ese g rou p a g g re g a te s f o r the on e y e a r to the a g g re g a te f o r the o th e r y e a r w as com p u ted and the d iffe r e n c e b etw een the r e s u lt and is the p e r c e n t o f change fr o m the on e p e r io d to the o th e r . 100 F o r o ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u str ia l n u r s e s , the p e r cen ts o f change r e la te to a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s f o r n o r m a l h ou rs o f w ork , that is , the stan dard w o rk sc h e d u le f o r w h ich s t r a ig h t -tim e s a la r ie s a r e p a id . F o r plant w o r k e r g ro u p s , th ey m e a s u r e ch a n ges in s t r a ig h t -tim e h o u r ly e a r n in g s, ex clu d in g p r e m iu m pa y f o r o v e r tim e and f o r w ork on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts . The p e r cen ta g es a r e b a s e d on data f o r s e le c t e d k e y o c cu p a tio n s and in clu d e m o s t o f the n u m e r ic a lly im p orta n t jo b s w ithin ea ch g rou p . The o f f ic e c l e r i c a l data a r e b a se d on w om en in the fo llo w in g 18 jo b s : B i lle r s , m a ch in e (b illin g m a ch in e ); b o o k k e e p in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A and B ; C o m p to m e te r o p e r a t o r s ; c le r k s , file , c la s s A and B ; c le r k s , o r d e r ; c le r k s , p a y r o ll; k eyp u n ch o p e r a t o r s ; o ffic e g ir l s ; s e c r e t a r ie s ; s te n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l; s w itch b o a rd o p e r a t o r s ; s w itch b o a rd o p e r a t o r r e c e p t io n is t s ; ta b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s ; t r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l; and ty p is ts , c la s s A and B. The in d u str ia l n u rse data a r e b a s e d on w om en in d u stria l n u r s e s . M en in the fo llo w in g s k ille d m a in ten a n ce jo b s and 3 u n s k ille d jo b s w e re in clu d ed in the plant w o r k e r data: S k illed — c a r p e n t e r s ; e le c t r ic ia n s ; m a c h in is ts ; m e c h a n ic s ; m e c h a n ic s , a u tom otiv e; m illw r ig h ts ; p a in t e r s ; p ip e fit t e r s ; s h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r s ; and to o l and d ie m a k e r s ; u n s k ille d — ja n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s ; la b o r e r s , m a te r ia l han dlin g; and w atch m en . 10 A v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s o r a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s w e re com p u ted f o r e a ch o f the s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s . The a v e r a g e s a l a r ie s o r h o u r ly e a rn in g s w e r e then m u ltip lie d by the a v e r a g e e m p lo y m en t in the jo b du ring the m on th s in d ica te d in the title o f ta ble 2. The p e r c e n t o f change m e a s u r e s , p r in c ip a lly , the e ffe c t s o f (1) g e n e r a l s a la r y and w age ch a n g e s; (2) m e r it o r o th e r in c r e a s e s in p a y r e c e iv e d b y in d iv id u a l w o r k e r s w h ile in the sa m e jo b ; and (3) ch a n g es in the la b o r f o r c e su ch as la b o r tu r n o v e r , f o r c e e x p a n s io n s , f o r c e r e d u c tio n s , and ch a n g es in the p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d b y e sta b lis h m e n ts w ith d iffe r e n t pa y le v e ls . C hanges in the la b o r f o r c e can ca u se in c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the o c cu p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s w ithout a ctu a l w age ch a n g es. F o r e x a m p le , a f o r c e e x p a n sion m igh t in c r e a s e the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s in a s p e c if i c o c cu p a tio n and r e s u lt in a d r o p in the a v e r a g e , w h e re a s a re d u c tio n in the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s w ould have the o p p o s ite e ffe c t . The m o v e m e n t o f a h ig h -p a y in g e sta b lis h m e n t out o f an a r e a co u ld ca u se the a v e r a g e e a rn in g s to d r o p , ev en though no change in ra tes o c c u r r e d in o th e r a r e a e s ta b lis h m e n ts . The u se o f con sta n t em p lo y m e n t w eigh ts e lim in a te s the e ffe c t s o f ch a n ges in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in e a ch jo b in clu d ed in the data. N o r a r e the p e r c e n ts o f change in flu e n ce d by changes in stan dard w o rk sc h e d u le s o r in p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e , s in c e they a r e b a s e d on pa y f o r s t r a ig h t -tim e h o u rs. In dexes f o r the p e r io d 1953 to I960 f o r w o r k e r s in 20 m a jo r la b o r m a rk e ts w ill a p p ea r in B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 -6 2 , W ages and R ela ted B e n e fits , 60 L a b o r M a r k e ts , W in ter 1 9 5 9 -6 0 . A : Occupational Earnings 5 Table A-1: Office Occupations (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Fort Worth, Tex. , November I960) Average N u m ber of w orkers Sex, occupation, and industry division W e e k ly h ou rs1 (S ta n da rd ) W e e k ly e a rn in g s1 (S ta n da rd) N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S OF— Under to. 00 and $ 40. 00 ■under 45. 00 I 5 . 00 lo . 00 I 5 . 00 lo . 00 I s . 00 70. 00 75. 00 lo . 00 1 5 . 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90.00 95. 00 100.00 105. 00 n o . 00 115. 00 1$20. 00 and 95. 00 100.00 105. 00 n o . 00 115. 00 120. 00 over 90.00 Men Clerks, accounting, class A ________________________ Manufacturing _ __ __ __ Nonmanufacturing __ _ __ __ __ Public utilities 3 __ C lerks, order __ _ __ Office boys „ _ __ _ Manufacturing _ __ Nonmanufacturing _ — __ _ _ 231 92 139 63 40. 40. 40. 40. 5 0 5 0 $ 98. 50 107.50 92. 50 94. 50 _ - _ " _ - _ " 2 2 - 2 2 6 6 2 _ _ _ 4 _ _ 30 19 31 3 22 2 8 17 4 27 9 4 5 __ __ 45 40. 0 83. 50 __ _ __ no 47 63 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 53. 00 54. 00 52.00 - 2 1 4 4 21 14 9 5 5 6 1 _ 8 1 7 7 22 3 19 9 9 1 8 4 31 5 26 3 37 22 15 - 49 17 32 2 7 7 4 _ 12 4 6 5 4 _ 1 1 2 2 10 10 - - - 5 5 - - - - - - . - 12 7 5 1 2 28 23 5 5 2 l - . - Tabulating-machine operators, class A ------------------- 69 40. 0 106.00 - _ _ - - _ - - 1 4 4 4 7 10 7 8 21 3 Tabulating-machine operators, class B 66 40. 0 86.00 . _ 2 4 ! 5 2 2 5 6 5 7 18 1 2 1 2 3 Tabulating-machine operators, class C Nonmanufacturing _ 51 41 40. 0 40. 0 61. 50 59. 00 _ . 8 8 1 1 9 9 19 18 6 4 5 1 1 2 “ . . . . . . . _ ■ ' 48 43 40. 0 4 0 .0 63.00 62. 00 2 1 " 1 17 17 15 2 - 12 5 5 - - - - - 6 6 - - - - 3 - _ - - - - 6 - . - _ - - Women B illers, machine (billing machine) _ _ Nonmanufacturing _ 2 B illers, machine (bookkeeping machine) Nonmanufacturing _ — _ ____ 66 51 4 0 .0 39. 5 54. 50 48. 50 4 4 4 4 15 15 21 10 - 3 18 9 - 1 Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A Manufacturing __ „ __ _ Nonmanufacturing _ ^ _ _ __ ____ 72 31 41 40. 5 40. 0 40. 5 67. 00 71. 00 64.00 _ - . - _ - 11 7 4 14 14 16 3 13 8 4 4 4 4 6 6 - 4 4 - 7 1 6 _ - 2 2 _ - _ - _ - _ - - Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B Manufacturing __ _ Nonmanufacturing _ 227 27 39. 5 40. 0 39. 5 56. 50 59. 00 56.00 _ - 5 5 19 _ “ 7 6 " _ - - _ - “ _ - 41 41 1 40 20 2 17 92 14 78 43 20 0 - “ " 287 91 196 56 40. 40. 40. 40. 0 0 0 0 78. 00 86. 50 74.00 90. 50 _ - _ - 3 3 * 5 5 “ 17 17 " 50 7 43 " 43 4 39 3 21 18 4 14 5 25 23 3 64 41 23 23 2 1 20 7 5 2 " 9 5 “ 8 4 2 2 “ _ _ ~ 554 79 475 126 40. 40. 40. 40. 5 0 5 0 59. 50 68. 50 58.00 69. 50 . - 54 54 4 84 84 8 89 102 16 35 3 32 19 48 16 32 14 54 13 41 41 3 2 86 13 60 4 56 15 22 12 77 4 1 1 1 1 - 2 2 - . - . - _ “ . - _ - 376 305 40. 0 40. 0 48. 00 4 4.00 31 31 197 181 36 29 29 29 29 29 2 2 4 4 23 - 25 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - “ - - 142 27 115 40. 0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 55.00 61. 00 53. 50 _ 27 27 . 9 9 30 7 23 45 4 41 17 5 - 3 1 2 2 1 1 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - - 3 2 4 Clerks, accounting, class A Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing _ Public utilities 3 Clerks, accounting, class B Manufacturing _ _ Nonmanufacturing Public utilities 3 Clerks, file, class B Nonmanufacturing — _ _ _ Clerks, order _ __ Manufacturing __ Nonmanufacturing See footnotes at end of table, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 2 2 11 6 18 3 6 15 5 1 10 12 7 1 20 14 ~ - - : - 6 Table A-1. Office Occupations-Continued (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division* Fort Worth* Tex. * November I960) N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S O F— A ra u aa $ Sex, occupation, and industry division of w orker* W eek ly , h ou r* * (S ta n da rd ) W e e k ly , earn in is (S ta n da rd) Under 40. 00 and $ 40. 00 under 45. 00 $ 45.00 50. 00 s 50. 00 $ 55. 00 S 60. 00 $ 65.00 $ $ 70. 00 75. 00 s s 85. 00 $ 90. 00 $ $ $ $ s s 95.00 100. 00 105. 00 110.00 115.00 120. 00 and 55.00 60. 00 65.00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95.00 100.00 105. 00 110.00 115. 00 120.00 80. 00 over W omen— Continued 5 3 2 8 6 2 3 2 1 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 - 5 5 - 7 1 6 1 1 - 1 - _ - 19 8 11 7 4 3 7 2 5 12 8 4 16 16 - 12 4 8 4 4 - 1 1 - _ - _ - _ - _ - 41 8 33 12 18 9 9 7 9 6 3 3 13 12 1 - 23 18 5 1 32 32 - 18 18 - 2 2 2 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - 4 4 _ - 4 4 ■ 2 2 " 10 10 - 11 11 _ - _ " _ - _ - _ - _ _ _ - " - 51 8 43 - 46 10 36 - 90 28 62 1 75 16 59 16 62 25 37 5 54 3 51 14 74 15 59 11 29 9 20 13 42 31 11 4 48 32 16 11 91 70 21 13 3 1 2 2 2 2 - 10 6 4 4 6 2 4 - 28 2 26 " 21 2 19 4 45 4 41 16 61 18 43 19 58 7 51 17 37 14 23 8 26 5 21 17 19 5 14 14 2 1 1 1 10 1 9 9 54 43 11 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 - 3 2 1 1 1 1 - 16 16 - 16 16 " 15 5 10 " 23 2 21 1 17 4 13 5 1 4 4 3 1 2 2 2 1 1 - 8 3 5 5 14 2 12 12 11 9 2 2 5 5 " _ - _ - _ _ 1 1 - _ - - - 3 3 8 5 3 35 10 25 31 10 21 20 9 11 11 4 7 5 5 " - _ - . - _ - _ - _ - _ ~ _ - _ - 13 - 3 11 _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 - 2 2 4 4 _ - _ - . - . - . - _ - _ * _ - _ _ - Clerks, payroll Manufacturing _ Nonmanufacturing 131 50 81 40. 5 40. 0 4 1 .0 $ 6 5 .0 0 73. 00 60.00 2 2 9 3 6 2 1 1 12 5 7 24 6 18 44 8 36 5 5 Comptometer operators _ _ __ __ Manufacturing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Nonmanufacturing _ __ _ __ 163 75 88 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 66. 50 73. 50 61.00 1 1 17 17 7 1 6 26 13 13 16 6 10 18 8 10 278 123 155 32 40. 0 4 0 .0 40. 0 40. 0 65. 50 77. 00 56.50 64. 50 - 6 3 3 - 40 6 34 1 41 8 33 3 35 3 32 3 95 32 63 40. 0 40. 0 39.5 54. 50 6 0 . 00 52.00 6 6 21 9 12 32 5 27 716 258 458 94 40. 0 4 0 .0 40. 0 40. 0 77.00 86. 50 72. 00 86. 00 _ - - 33 33 - 387 112 275 119 40. 40. 40. 40. 0 0 0 0 70. 82. 65. 74. 00 50 00 00 2 2 11 11 - 150 33 117 32 41. 40. 41. 40. 0 0 5 0 61. 78. 56. 78. 00 00 50 00 15 4 15 - 125 49 76 4 0 .0 40. 0 40. 5 59. 00 60. 50 57. 50 " Keypunch operators _ __ Manufacturing _ Nonmanufacturing _ _ Public utilities1 __ _ Office girls __ Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing _ _ __ __ __ _ ____ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ __ _ Secretaries _ Manufacturing _ Nonmanufacturing Public utilities3 __ _ _ _ - _ _ __ Stenographers, general Manufacturing _ __ _ Nonmanufacturing _ _ Public utilities 3 ___ _____ Switchboard operators __ _ _ Manufacturing __ Nonmanufacturing __ _ Public utilities3 __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ — __ __ ____ Switchboard operator-receptionists Manufacturing ____ __ __ Nonmanufacturing _ ___ _________________ __ _ ____ 5 2 * 3 6 6 6 6 6 ! 35 40. 0 85. 50 - - - - 1 1 3 _ Transcribing-machine operators, general __________ Manufacturing — __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ------ _ Nonmanufacturing _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 100 93 40. 0 40. 0 39. 5 55. 00 56.00 54. 50 _ - 17 1 16 38 33 5 67 20 47 24 16 8 27 20 7 5 1 4 1 1 - - 7 7 - Typists, class A __ Manufacturing _ _ Nonmamifactnring Public utilities3 313 75 238 49 4 0 .0 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 63. 50 76.00 59. 50 63. 00 - 4 4 - 19 3 16 - 61 9 52 - 67 67 24 52 5 47 14 25 25 6 18 10 8 1 23 11 12 1 19 19 - 22 18 4 - 3 3 3 _ - 418 “ IT T 305 57 40. 0 40. 0 4 0 .0 40. 0 51. 00 53. 50 50.00 57. 50 6 6 114 38 76 3 84 9 75 2 115 25 90 26 36 5 31 7 17 — rr~ 6 2 25 9 16 12 8 8 - 13 8 5 5 _ - _ - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - Tabulating-machine operators, class B _ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ Typists, class B _ ______ Manufacturing — _ _ _ Nonmanufacturing __ Public utilities3 __ __ _ ____ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ 3 _ Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Workers were distributed as follows: 14 at $ 120 to $ 130; 10 at $ 130 to $ 140; 4 at $ 140 and over. Transportation* communication* and other public utilities. Workers were distributed as follows: 10 at $ 30 to $ 35; 5 at $ 35 to $40. - 7 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations (Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Fort Worth, T e x ., Novem ber I960) Avbbagb S ex, occu p ation , and in d u str y d iv isio n Number of workers Weekly hours 1 (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— $ 5 5 . 00 Weekly and earnings 1 (Standard) under 6 0 . 00 6 0 . 00 6 5 . 00 $ 7 0 . 00 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 $ 7 5 . 00 $ 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 *95. 00 1*00. 00 1*05. 00 1*10. 00 1*15. 00 1*20. 00 1*25. 00 1*30. 00 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 . 00 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 . 00 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 13 0 . 00 and over M en D r a ft s m e n , s e n io r ---------------------------------------------------- ---------M an u factu rin g -------------------------------------------------------------------N on m an u factu rin g ------------------------------------ --------------------- 115 55 60 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 $ 1 0 1 . 00 1 0 7 . 00 9 6 . 50 D r a fts m e n , ju n io r -------- --------------------------------------------------M a n u factu rin g -------------------------------------------------------------------N o n m an u factu rin g ------------------------------------------------ ---------- 114 56 58 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 77 . 00 7 6 . 00 7 8 . 00 34 40. 0 10 3 . 50 1 - - - - - - - " - 1 3 - 8 4 4 32 26 6 15 11 4 24 24 3 12 8 5 7 6 1 - - - “ “ 20 1 19 8 3 5 19 14 5 12 4 8 7 5 2 16 7 9 5 5 - 4 4 - ~ 8 4 4 7 7 “ 13 13 “ 2 2 4 1 18 6 ■ W om en N u r s e s , in d u str ia l ( r e g is t e r e d ) ___________________________ 1 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular straight-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. 2 2 5 5 " " - - ~ “ 8 Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (Average straight-time hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Fort Worth, T e x ., November I960) N U M B ER OF W O RK ER S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E H OURLY E A RN IN G S OF— Occupation and industry division of workers $ hourly i 1 .2 0 earnings and under 1 .3 0 $ 1. 30 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .5 0 1. 60 1 .4 0 1. 50 1. 60 1 .7 0 - 1 - - 1 $ 1. 70 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2. 00 $ 2. 10 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2. 30 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2. 50 5 , 2. 60 $ 2. 70 $ 2. 80 $ 2. 90 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3. 10 $ 3. 20 $ 3. 30 1 .8 0 1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2. 50 2. 60 2.7 0 2. 80 2 .9 0 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3 .4 0 5 5 3 2 1 4 2 2 " 5 4 1 12 2 10 8 1 7 " " _ " - 1 1 36 36 - 2 2 - 17 ' 17 4 4 - - - - 1 1 1 1 2 " 6 6 6 - 3 3 2 1 2 2 7 2 5 5 2 - 12 $ _ - 32 31 17 17 106 TO 6 21 21 _ - 3 3 “ “ " _ 1 1 _ 4 4 10 2 8 7 7 1 1 “ 6 6 6 6 “ 6 2 4 - 1 1 “ 4 2 2 36 36 - _ - 18 10 8 11 11 _ - 2 29 20 1 1 5 - 15 12 4 1 - 3 1 5 3 7 7 - - 10 8 25 "25 - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - - _ - 2 2 3 2 2 7 7 4 4 1 - 8 8 1 " 5 5 12 11 - 5 5 _ - 2 2 62 " 1 1 _ - 62 - 3 13 26 6 20 20 7 5 2 " 6 6 6 _ - 3 3 _ - 3 6 6 2 3 1 2 2 4 1 4 " 50 6 44 35 3 1 2 - 8 6 2 " _ " 6 6 " 1 1 5 5 30 26 4 29 7 22 30 22 8 27 18 9 8 8 9 3 6 _ _ _ " - _ 1----- 1---- 7 7 6 6 " 98 70 28 $ 2 . 51 2. 74 1. 93 225 204 2 .9 6 5 .0 2 _ _ . - - 114 72 42 2. 69 2. 90 2 .3 3 _ “ H elp ers, tra d e s, maintenance Manufacturing 104 78 1 .7 9 1 .8 9 M achin ists, maintenance Manufacturing _ 115 112 2 .9 3 2. 94 - 2. 2. 2. 2. 11 20 05 08 _ - 6 6 " 6 6 6 6 j 67 2. 23 2. 29 2. 08 76 76 2. 67 2. 67 _ _ _ - - - 47 47 2. 30 Z. 50 _ 1 1 _ _ - 3 3------ _ - - - 82 69 2. 57 2. 67 _ - 2 _ - " 3 1 1 - 139 — m 3. 00 - - - - - C arpen ters, maintenance _ Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing . -----E le ctr icia n s, maintenance Manufacturing — _ — ---------. ~ - E n gin eers, stationary Manufacturing ----Nonmanufacturing — — M ech anics, automotive (m a in t e n a n c e ) --------Manufacturing _ _ _ Nonmanufacturing Public u tilit ie s 3 _ _ M ech anics, m a in te n a n c e ______________________ Manufacturing _ _ _ — _ __ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ___________________________ M illw rights ____ Manufacturing __ _ — O ilers ------------Manufacturing _ _ _ _ P ain ters, maintenance Manufacturing _ Tool and die m ak ers Manufacturing — 1 2 3 4 --- ---------- ------------- __ 181 75 106 < 83 II ^218 3700 - - 3 3 - - 4 ~ ?------ Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes 4 workers at $ 1 .1 0 to $ 1 .2 0 . Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. All workers were at $ 3 .4 0 to $ 3 .5 0 . - " 9 3 3 - 19 16 9 9 9 3 3 - 9 3 3 - 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ 12 4 4 17 17 _ - " 3 3 - - _ " _ - 11 11 37 37 - _ - 8 8 22 ---- 22 _ _ _ - " - _ 44 4 - _ - - 4 4 - 3 i 17 17 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 7 7 _ " 12 12 _ - — " - - - " - - 3 3 - 1 - 3 " _ - 35 32 10 10 6 6 _ _ - 5 5 _ " 12 12 _ - 1 " 4 - 1 j- - 3 3 1 I - 14 14 - 1 - 24 52 z r — 27 — T“i " 8 -------- 8 " - _ 9 - 1 — " ---- Z7 9 T a b le A -4 . Custodial and M a te ria l M ovem ent O ccup ation s (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e hourly earn ing s fo r se le c te d occu p ation s studied on an a r e a b a sis by in du stry d iv isio n , F o r t W orth , T e x . , N o v e m b e r I9 60 ) N U M B E R OF W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S OF— "0 . 50 and under . 60 E le v a to r o p e r a to r s, p a s s e n g e r (w omen) -----------------------------------------------------N onm an ufactu ring --------------------------------- 82 82 $ 0 . 88 . 88 G u ards ---------------------------------------------------------M an ufacturing ---------------------------------------- 273 242 2 . 29 2 .4 5 J a n ito rs, p o r te r s , and c le a n e r s (m en) ---------------------------------------------------------M an ufactu ring ----- ------------------------------N onm an ufactu ring -------------------------------P ublic u tilitie s 4 ------------------------------ 1 , 128 $ 0 . 60 0. 70 00 0 of workers $ . 80 0 O c c u p a tio n 1 and in du stry d iv isio n Average hourly earnings2 19 19 % $ $ $ 1 . 0 0 910. 10 1. 00 1. 10 1 . 20 2 2 30 30 5 5 1 1 " _ _ 34 3 % 1 .6 0 $ $ S $ $ s S $ $ $ $ $ 1. 70 1 .8 0 1. 90 2 . 0 0 2 . 10 2 . 2 0 2. 30 2 .4 0 2. 50 2 . 60 2. 70 2 . 80 and . 70 3 17 - 17 - _ _ _ _ " - - - - 1 . 12 37 37 31 31 36 36 67 67 50 3 47 173 44 129 1 .6 2 - - - - - 1 38 3 15 15 19 19 24 24 _ - 4 4 25 19 21 175 34 141 1 .4 0 1. 30 - 48 515 613 125 1 .4 3 1 .8 0 $ $ $ 1 .20 1. 30 1. 40 1. 50 0. n Number 10 1. 50 - 3 3 - 1 _ _ 1 - - 109 65 44 17 93 39 54 23 9 9 _ - 1 . 60 - 1. 70 2 2 1 . 80 1. 90 - - - - 2 . 00 2 . 10 - 3 3 4 4 _ _ _ _ - - - - 91 28 63 15 17 9 4 3 35 15 15 14 14 8 8 1 1 25 24 - - - - 2 2 3 3 _ 1 1 _ 5 - - 37 18 19 “ 48 19 29 5 24 7 17 77 4 8 1 69 46 3 2 12 14 4 10 4 35 35 8 4 . 12 10 _ - 80 80 - - - - - - 11 11 - - - - _ _ - 17 17 _ - 2 2 _ - _ - _ - 11 11 _ - 3 3 - 21 21 - - - 2 2 1 1 - 6 6 - 1 1 1 1 - - - - 23 23 2 2 _ _ - 9 _ - - 150 33 117 117 10 10 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 .4 8 1 .6 7 1 .4 1 _ _ _ 8 8 1 44 23 22 - - - - - 8 1 22 22 10 8 53 4 49 42 - 2 21 4 18 P a c k e r s , shipping ------------------------------------M an ufactu ring ---------------------------------------N on m an ufactu ring ----------------------------------------- 158 69 89 1 .5 6 1 .8 9 1. 30 26 20 11 10 1 11 20 4 _ _ 3 13 7 - - - - - - 12 4 R e c eiv in g c le r k s -------------------------------------------------M an ufactu ring -------------------------------------------------N on m an ufactu ring ------------------------------ ------ 149 32 117 1 .5 6 1. 99 1 .4 5 29 5 24 16 14 - 13 5 13 - 2 2 16 8 13 12 6 6 6 2 14 Shipping c le r k s — — -------- -------- -------M an ufactu ring ---------------------------------------- 151 69 82 1 .7 7 2 . 00 1 .5 7 20 14 - 13 4 5 - 29 5 24 - 13 7 9 5 Shipping and r e c e iv in g c le r k s --------------N onm an ufactu ring ------------------------1Jii V*1-i p Utl nti 11 1i ll c pb e4 X^IDXIC 42 2 85 31 2. 14 _ - 21 6 1 18 3 9 T r u c k d r iv e r s 5 -------------------------------------------M an ufactu ring -------------------------------------------------N on m an ufactu ring ----------------------------------------P ub lic u tilitie s 4 -------------------------------------- 928 1 .8 2 1. 90 1 .7 7 2. 35 T r u c k d r iv e r s , light (under 1 V 2 tons) ---------------------------- ------------------------M an ufactu ring ---------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table, 387 541 222 100 26 74 1 .66 5 _ _ - - - - - - - - 5 - - 4 12 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 - - - - - - 7 5 _ _ - - _ - 4 12 _ - _ - 10 2 2 20 10 4 18 21 21 16 14 7 7 - 2. 07 1. 32 1 .5 8 1 .2 3 3 6 4 60 I - - - - - 6 - 3 6 4 54 j - - - - - - j - - - 3 2 - - - 7 7 . 29 | ! 1 29 ; 99 29 70 5 j 10 7 3 4 - - _ 4 - - - - 2 1 1 7 5 4 4 2 2 _ _ - - 6 10 2 8 11 2 2 8 2 2 18 13 6 9 4 10 5 4 241 3 6 5 4 4 3 118 67 51 21 25 13 10 2 - 9 1 12 1 1 41 3 38 38 31 31 15 57 3 54 52 5 - 21 - 1 l 35 2 11 23 80 63 17 82 48 34 1 " - 33 14 19 - 15 19 6 9 - - - - - - - 8 7 - 3 8 - - - - - - - 19 3 12 - | i _ - - 2 13 | 1 15 | 3 - 67 56 29 4 80 21 4 _ " - O rd er f ille r s _______________________________________ M an ufactu ring -------------------------------------------------N on m an ufactu ring -------------------------------- - " 15 15 - _ " 41 41 - - - 41 - " - 35 14 - " - 21 21 - 8 - - - - - _ - 44 44 - 20 - - - - 8 _ - 12 12 - 18 16 16 - 77 73 4 4 - 14 - 51 51 2 10 10 - 19 - _ _ - 19 " - - . 33 33 - _ - " _ - . _ 191 191 _ " _ - - 10 10 _ - " 14 _ _ - _ - " _ - - . . - _ - - - - . . - _ - - " - _ ' - 3 1 .6 2 1. 90 1. 39 1 .9 6 ~ over - 86 4 383 481 132 6 2 2 . 80 _ L a b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l handling --------------------M an ufactu ring -------------------------------------------------N onm an ufactu ring ------------ __ -----------------P ub lic u t i li t i e s 4 -------- — ------------------ 32 2. 70 - .9 4 6 2 . 60 2 2 1.01 59 4 55 2. 50 1 140 61 61 2. 40 2 2 120 122 - 2. 30 162 135 27 27 J a n ito rs, p o r te r s , and c le a n e r s (w om en) -------------- ------------------------------------N on m an ufactu ring ----------------------------------------- 28 2 . 20 3 3 - - 1 1 _ - _ - 42 642 10 T a b le A-4. Custodial an d M a te ria l M ovem ent O ccu p atio n s-C o n tin u e d (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h ou rly ea rn in g s fo r s e le c te d occu p ation s studied on an a r e a b a sis by in d u stry d iv isio n . F o r t W o r th , T e x . , N o v e m b e r I9 60 ) N U M B E R OF W O R K E R S RECEIVINCx S T R A IG H T -T IM E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S OF— O ccup ation 1 and in d u stry d iv isio n T ruck dr ive r s : 5 — C ontinue d T r u c k d r iv e r s , m e d iu m (lV z to and in clu d ing 4 tons) __ __ ----- _ M an ufactu ring __ _ __ __ — N on m an ufactu ring __ ____________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 4 ________________ Number of workers 318 52 266 104 Average hourly , earnings $ 1. 68 1 .9 3 1. 64 2. 13 T r u c k d r iv e r s , h eavy (over 4 t o n s , t r a ile r type) __ ________ M an ufactu ring __ _ __ __ ____ 79 32 1 .8 7 2. 03 T r u c k d r iv e r s , h eavy (ove r 4 t o n s , other than t r a ile r t y p e ) __ M an ufactu ring 207 207 258 172 T r u c k e r s , pow er (fo rk lift) __ -------- _ M an ufactu ring --------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ____________________ P ub lic u t ilit ie s 4 _ _________ W atch m e n _ ____ __ _ __ __ — ----M an ufactu ring _ __ __ --------N on m an ufactu ring ------------------------------- $ $ s S $ $ $ s $ $ $ s S s $ 0. 50 0 . 60 0. 70 "b. 80 0 . 9 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 10 1 . 2 0 1. 30 1 .4 0 1. 50 l . 60 1. 70 1 . 80 1. 90 2 . 0 0 and under . 60 . 70 .8 0 . 90 1 . 0 0 1 . 10 1 . 2 0 1. 30 1 .4 0 1. 50 1 . 60 1 .7 0 1 . 80 1. 90 2 . 0 0 2 . 10 - - 3 3 " 3 3 - - 16 16 - 59 59 - 12 2 10 - 11 11 1 15 7 8 16 24 14 3 13 - 8 16 2 12 - - 86 37 159 110 49 - - - - - - " " 1 .7 8 1 .7 8 - - - - 1 .9 7 2. 05 1 . 81 2 . 21 " " - - 1. 25 1. 19 1 .4 0 _ _ - _ _ - - - - - 2 . 20 $ 2. 30 2 .4 0 5 •s s $ 2. 50 2 . 60 2. 70 2 . 80 and 2 . 20 2. 30 2 .4 0 2. 50 2 . 60 38 38 38 - 16 15 5 10 - 10 1 2 9 16 8 5 52 52 3 3 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - 1 1 - 3 3 3 3 31 31 13 13 - 27 27 27 - 40 40 - - 3 3 - _ 6 _ _ _ - - - - - 1 - 6 6 - - - - 42 - - - 3 3 - - - 6 i - - - - 12 12 48 48 42 42 3 3 49 49 - - - - 11 3.... 8 3 5 - 12 6 6 1 10 2 13 7 6 - 8 4 _ 2 6 - - - 1 1 2 6 - 16 14 14 2 - 1 _ - 64 44 20 13 21 18 3 D ata lim ite d to m e n w o r k e r s ex cep t w here o th e rw ise in dicated . E x c lu d es p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and late sh ifts . Includes 4 w o r k e r s u nder $ 0 . 50. T r a n sp o r ta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and other public u tilit ie s . Includes a ll d r iv e r s r e g a r d le s s o f s iz e and type o f tru ck op era ted . A l l w o r k e r s at $ 2. 90 to $ 3. $ - 2. 70 2 . 80 ove r - - - - - - 16 - - - 16 - - - 8 8 7 7 - - - - 16 10 6 6 40 40 - - - - " 1 1 _ _ _ - - - 8 8 " ! 4 4 - 30 30 “ 19 19 19 17 2 1 1 " 14 4 8 6 6 10 ! 1 2 3 4 5 4 53 2 . 10 10 " - 6 " B*. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions 11 Table B-l. Shift Differentials (Shift d iffe r e n tia ls o f m an ufacturin g plant w o r k e r s by type and amount o f d iffe r e n tia l, F o r t W orth , T e x . , N o v e m b er I9 60 ) P er c en t o f m an ufacturin g plant w o r k e r s— In e sta b lish m e n ts having fo r m a l p r o v isio n s 1 fo r — Shift d iffe r e n tia l Second shift w ork T otal -------- ----- ------------------------- W ith shift pay d iffe r e n tia l U n ifo rm c en ts (p er hour) --------- -------------- _ _ ___ __________ ____________ ____ 3 5 6 7 cen ts _ ----------- ---------------------------------------cen ts ______________________________________ cen ts ___ ______ _______________ _____ cen ts _________ _______ _______ __ ll/z cen ts _________________ ________________ 8 cen ts -------- -----_ _ _ ---- --------10 cen ts __________________ _____ _____ 12 cen ts _________________ _____ __________ 134/5 cen ts ------------------------- ------------------ _ 15 cen ts __ -------------------------------------------------16 cen ts __ _____ __ _______ — -------2 7 2/3 cen ts ___ _______ ___ ____________ U n ifo rm p ercen tage 5 p ercen t 10 p ercen t 15 p ercen t ___________ _________ __ _ ___ __ -------------- __ __________ _______ ________________________ F u ll d a y 's pay fo r red u ced h ours _________ F u ll d a y 's pay fo r red u ced h ours plus cen ts d iffe r e n tia l _______________ No sh ift pay d iffe r e n tia l ______ _ ____ ______ T h ird or other sh ift w ork 83. 3 76. 1 A c tu a lly w orking on— Second shift T h ird o r other shift 17. 4 2. 5 8 1 .2 7 5 .4 16. 6 2. 3 73. 8 23 . 2 16. 3 1 .4 1 .0 4. 0 2. 2 3 .4 1 .0 3 .7 4. 5 4 4 .4 2 .9 6 .7 _ 2. 0 - . . . . . 1. 10. . 1. 1 6 7 7 _ . 2 _ . 2 - - 1 .7 2. 0 3 .7 9. 1 1 .8 2 .9 - _ . 2 . 1 7 .3 6. 7 . 3 - 5 .9 1 .5 - . 1 .3 - - 7 0 5 7 5 - ( 2) . 3 .4 - _ - 5. 3 1. 5 - - 7. 7 - . 2 - 37. 7 - .7 .7 . 2 2. 1 1 Includes e sta b lish m e n ts c u r r e n tly op erating late sh ifts even though they w ere not c u r r e n tly operatin g late sh ifts. 2 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t. .8 and e sta b lish m e n ts with fo r m a l p r o v isio n s c o v er in g late sh ifts 12 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers (D istrib u tio n of esta b lish m e n ts studied in a ll in d u strie s and in in d u stry d iv isio n s by m in im u m en tran ce sa la r y for se le c te d c a te g o r ie s o f in ex p erien c ed w om e n o ffic e w o r k e r s , F o r t W o r th , T e x . , N o v e m b e r I9 60 ) O ther in ex p erien c ed c le r ic a l w o r k e r s 2 In exp e rie n ced ty p ists N on m an ufactu ring M an ufactu ring M in im u m w ee k ly s a la r y 1 A ll sch ed u les 40 A ll sch ed u les M an ufactu ring A ll in d u strie s B ased[ on stand ard w eekly h ours 3 of— A ll in d u strie s 40 N on m an ufactu ring B ased on standard w ee k ly h ou rs 3 of— A ll sch e d u les 40 A ll sch ed u les 40 ____ 122 48 XXX 74 XXX 122 48 XXX 74 XXX ___________________ 40 15 15 25 22 52 21 21 31 25 00 _________ ________ __________________________ „ under $ 4 2 . 50 ------ ------------------------ -------- __ _ under $ 4 5 . 00 _______________________________________ u nder $ 4 7 . 50 ___ ___________ __ __ __ ________ under $ 50. 00 __________ ______ _______ _____________ under $ 52. 50 _______ ___ _______________ _______ under $ 5 5 . 00 _________________ _____ ____________ under $ 57. 50 __________________ ____ __ __ ------under $ 6 0 . 00 ____________ ___ _________ _____ ---------under $ 6 2 . 50 __________ __ __ __ __ __ ove r _____________________ _____ _____ __ ------------ _ 15 5 4 2 5 2 2 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 12 5 1 1 4 1 1 - 11 4 1 1 3 1 1 - 2 25 2 5 2 7 2 2 1 1 3 5 1 3 1 3 1 2 1 1 3 _ 5 1 3 1 3 1 2 1 1 3 2 20 1 2 1 4 1 - - E sta b lish m e n ts having no s p e c ifie d m in im u m ----------------- -------E sta b lish m e n ts w hich did not e m p lo y w o r k e r s in this c a te g o r y __ __ __ __ __ _______ __ __ ----- --------------_____ D ata not a v a ila b le _____________ ____ ____ __ 27 11 XXX 16 XXX 26 10 XXX 16 XXX 54 1 21 1 XXX 33 XXX 43 1 16 1 XXX XXX 27 XXX E s ta b lish m e n ts studied ________________ _________ E s ta b lish m e n ts h aving a sp e c ifie d m in im u m Under $ 4 0 . $ 4 0 . 00 and $ 4 2 . 50 and $ 4 5 . 0 0 and $ 4 7 . 50 and $ 50. 00 and $ 52. 50 and $ 55 . 00 and $ 57. 50 and $ 6 0 . 00 and $ 6 2 . 50 and _________ XXX _ 18 1 1 1 3 1 - XXX XXX ' 1 L o w e st s a la r y rate fo r m a lly e sta b lish e d fo r h irin g in ex p erien c ed w o r k e r s fo r typing or other c le r ic a l jo b s . 2 R a tes ap p licab le to m e s s e n g e r s , o ffic e g i r l s , or s im ila r su b c le r ic a l jo b s are not c o n sid e r e d . 3 H ou rs r e fle c t the w ork w eek fo r w hich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th eir re g u la r s t r a ig h t -t im e s a la r ie s . D ata are p r e se n te d fo r a ll w ork w eek s c o m b in e d , and fo r the m o s t co m m o n w ork w eek re p o r te d . Table B-3. Scheduled Weekly Hours (P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n o f o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u str ie s and in in d u stry d iv isio n s by schedu led w ee k ly h ours of f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s , F o r t W o r th , T e x . , N o v e m b e r I960) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS W e e k ly h ours All industries * A ll w ork ers _______ __ __ __ __ __ U nder 4 0 h ours _ _ __ __ 4 0 hour s ____________________________________________ O v e r 4 0 and under 4 4 h ours ___ _ __ 4 4 h ou rs ------- -------------------- _ ____ ___ __ 4 5 h ou rs __ __ __ __ __ __ O v e r 4 5 and under 4 8 h ou rs __ _ _ __ __ 4 8 h ou rs __ __ ___ _ O v e r 4 8 and under 54 h ours ___ ____ __ __ __ __ ______________ 54 h ou rs _ ____ O v e r 54 h ours ____ ___________ __ ----- 1 2 3 4 Manufacturing Public utilities2 All industries^ Manufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 3 92 1 2 1 1 1 _ _ 97 2 1 100 3 76 3 4 2 2 7 2 2 1 3 85 92 (4 ) “ - - - - - - - - - ' In clud es data fo r w h o le sa le tra d e ; r e ta il tra d e ; fin a n c e , in su r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te ; and s e r v ic e s in addition to th ose in d u stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly . T r a n sp o r ta tio n , co m m u n ic a tio n , and other public u tilit ie s . In cludes data fo r w h o le sa le t r a d e , r e t a il t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , and s e r v ic e s in addition to th ose in d u stry d iv isio n s shown s e p a r a te ly . L e s s than 0 . 5 p e r c e n t. (4 ) 2 3 _ 1 2 2 1 _ _ _ 3 5 13 Table B-4. Paid Holidays (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidays provided annually, Fort Worth, T e x ., November I960) O F F IC E W O R K E R S PLAN T W O RK ERS Item A ll workers _ _ — ----- W orkers'in establishments providing paid holidays _ _ -----Workers in establishments providing no paid holidays _ — - A ll industries * Manufacturing 100 100 100 100 100 100 97 96 99 89 90 94 3 4 1 11 10 6 5 2 2 - - 1 - 1 1 23 18 58 2 2 - 24 30 (4) 4 13 4 6 13 43 12 9 26 27 57 81 84 84 89 17 29 30 73 86 Public utilities 2 All industries3 M anufacturing Public utilities 2 Number off days 1 holiday 3 holidays 4 holidays 5 holidays 6 holidays 6 holidays 6 holidays 7 holiday? 7 holidays 8 holidays _ __ _ — __ _ __ __ __ — __ __ __ _ _____ _ ----- _ _ _ __ _ plus 1 half day _ _ _ plus 2 half days _ ----— _ — __ _ _____ ___ plus 2 half days _ ____ _ _ ---------_ _ _ (4) 27 49 (4) 2 11 2 2 13 60 1 .5 5 5 5 - 1 7 6 7 10 71 - 10 Total holiday time5 8 days — — — — 7 or m ore days — — _ _ - _- — 61 /2 or m ore days __ ----- — -------------6 or m ore days — _ — — ------5 or m ore days ------— — - — — 4 or more days ----------------------------------------------3 or m ore days - — __ — 1 or more days ------ 4 18 18 67 94 95 97 97 10 20 22 82 95 96 96 96 58 58 76 99 99 99 99 88 88 90 71 71 83 94 94 94 94 1 2 3 4 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. L ess than 0. 5 percent. * A l l combinations of full and half days that add to the same amount are combined; for example, the proportion of workers receiving a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days no half days, 6 full days and 2 half days, 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. Proportions were then cumulated. and 14 Table B-5. Paid Vacations (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Fort Worth, Tex. , November I960) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS Vacation policy All industries1 A ll workers — _ --------- ------------- Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries 2 Manufacturing Public utilities2 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 n - 99 99 - 100 100 - 97 91 5 - 98 89 8 - 100 100 - M e th o d off p a y m o n t W orkers in establishments providing paid vacations ------ - ------- — __ __ _ L ength-of-tim e payment _ Percentage p a y m e n t ---------------------------------F lat-su m payment _ ___ __ ------ — Othe r _________ _ — _____ _ _ Workers in establishments providing no paid vacations „ __ — __ ------- _ 1 (4) " 3 2 ■ 2 34 (4) 4 16 - _ 49 - 2 19 1 1 11 1 _ 43 - 1 52 3 20 20 - 45 4 11 36 - 82 27 6 44 20 - 26 9 27 36 - 47 2 50 18 5 51 23 - 15 8 34 41 - 43 7 1 63 24 5 (4) 47 42 3 Am ount off v a c a tio n p a y 5 After 6 months of service Under 1 week _________________________________ 1 week ---------- --- _ _ --------- __ Over 1 and under 2 weeks _ _ _ After 1 year of service Under 1 week ____ _ _ ___ ____ 1 week ___ __________ _ __ Over 1 and under 2 weeks __ __ — 2 weeks __ __ ----------- _ _ Over 2 and under 3 weeks ___ _ 3 weeks ---------- _ _ __ — __ — ____ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 78 - - 26 54 - 22 14 1 60 23 1 10 (4) 35 54 ~ 29 1 70 12 1 61 7 1 38 54 - 28 _ 36 (4) 38 23 1 - - _ _ _ 18 _ - After 2 years of service 1 week _ _ — _ __ — _ _ _ Over 1 and under 2 weeks ___ __________ 2 weeks _ _ _ __ _ ___ __ _ Over 2 and under 3 weeks __ _ ____ _ __ __ 3 weeks __ _ _ - _ - After 3 years of service 1 week ___ ____ ________________ ______ ___ Over 1 and under 2 weeks _______________________ 2 weeks ____ __ _ _ ___ _____ ____ ______ Over 2 and under 3 weeks _______________________ 3 weeks __ __ __ _ __ ____ ____ 23 1 - 72 _ _ 57 _ - After 5 years of service 1 week __ _ ___________ ___ Over 1 and under 2 weeks __________________ 2 weeks _ __ __ _____ __ — __ — Over 2 and under 3 weeks _____ _ -----3 weeks __ — ,— __ ------ -------------Over 3 and under 4 weeks ---------- ------------------ See footnotes at end of table, 7 1 64 23 2 1 5 1 36 54 4 _ - 99 1 2 _ _ 98 - 2 15 Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Fort Worth, Tex. , November I960) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS Vacation policy AHindustries 1 Manufacturing Public utilities2 All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities2 Am ount off v a c a tio n p a y 5 — Continued After 10 years of service 1 week ----------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks ------------------------------2 weeks -------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks ------------------------------3 weeks --------------------------------------------------------------Over 3 and under 4 weeks ------------------------------- 7 (4) 54 23 13 1 5 _ - - 22 54 19 - 99 - 1 - 7 (4) 54 27 7 - _ 98 _ 2 - 5 - 37 48 8 - After 15 years of service 1 week ----------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks ------------------------------2 weeks --------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks ------------------------------3 weeks --------------------------------------------------------------Over 3 and under 4 weeks ------------------------------4 weeks -------------------------------------------------------------- 5 _ - - 7 (4) 32 12 - - 26 74 34 25 (4) 29 54 - 7 (4) 32 33 24 2 5 _ - - 12 28 54 1 26 73 (4) 5 12 22 54 7 _ 26 45 29 - - 7 (4) 31 2 34 22 (4) _ 5 _ 17 - 21 3 30 39 - - 83 _ - After 20 years of service 1 week ----------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks ------------------------------2 weeks -------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks ------------------------------3 weeks -------------------------------------------------------------Over 3 and under 4 weeks ------------------------------4 weeks -------------------------------------------------------------- 5 _ - - 21 3 28 39 2 81 2 7 (4) 31 2 31 22 3 7 (4) 31 2 21 20 13 2 5 21 3 21 35 9 4 17 - After 25 years of service 1 week --------------------------------------------------------- ----Over 1 and under 2 weeks ------------------------------2 weeks -------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks ------------------------------3 weeks ---------------------------------------------------- ------Over 3 and under 4 weeks ------------------------------4 weeks --------------------------------------------------------- — Over 4 weeks ----------------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 4 5 service 7 (4) 32 - 21 23 15 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Less than 0. 5 percent. Periods of service were arbitrarily chosen and do not necessarily reflect the individual provisions for progressions. For example, the changes in proportions include changes in provisions occurring between 5 and 10 yea rs. _ 17 56 - 27 indicated at 10 years' NOTE: In the tabulations of vacation allowances by years of service, payments other than "length of time, " such as percentage of annual earnings or flat-su m payments, to an equivalent time basis; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as 1 week's pay. were converted 16 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (Percent of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions employed in establishments providing health, insurance, or pension benefits, Fort Worth, Tex. , November I960) O F F IC E W O R K E R S Type of benefit A ll in d u s tr ie s 1 — M a n u fa ct u r in g P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 100 90 98 75 81 94 55 67 86 50 61 74 39 59 Life insurance ------------------------------------------Accidental death and dismemberment insurance ----------------------- - --------- ----Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both4 ___ ____________ -------------- A ll in d u s trie s 2 100 100 — P u b lic u t ilit ie s ^ 100 _ A ll workers _ ------ M a n u fa ct u r in g PLANT W ORKERS 100 100 Workers in establishments providing: 74 91 73 64 77 Sickness and accident insurance _____ Sick leave (full pay and no ----------------waiting period) ----------Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period) _ --------- _ ______ _ 44 76 3 49 70 9 60 81 40 36 48 25 10 1 31 11 6 30 Hospitalization insurance ----- ----- — — Surgical insurance ________________________ Medical insurance _______ ____ __ ____ Catastrophe insurance — ----- -----------Retirement pension ___ — _____________ 86 86 64 47 69 5 96 96 92 60 87 1 71 71 67 36 71 80 80 62 30 58 IP 90 90 83 36 75 67 67 59 44 60 N o h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n p la n — 5 1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 4 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. Sick-leave plans are lim ited to those which definitely establish the minimum number of days* pay that can be expected by each employee. Informal sick-leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. at least 17 A ppendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose o f preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in classifyin g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field econom ists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. O FFICE BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerica l work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are cla ssified by type of machine, as follow s: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, E lliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record o f business transactions. Biller , machine (billing machine) — U ses a specia l billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, E lliott Fisher, Burroughs, e tc ., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon cop ies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. , Biller machine (bookkeeping machine)— U ses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers* bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers ’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types o f sales and credit slips. Class A — Keeps a set o f records requiring a knowledge o f and experience in b asic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure o f the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B — Keeps a record o f one or more phases or section s o f a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of b asic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type o f billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or a ssist in preparation o f trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more section s o f a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase o f an establish ment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 18 CLERK, ACCOUNTING—-Continued payable; examining and coding in voices or vouchers with proper a c counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocation s. May a ssist in preparing, ad justing and closin g journal entries; may direct cla ss B accounting clerks. Class B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or a c counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple co st accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in o ffices in which the more routine account ing work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the n e ce s sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers' earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and a ssist paymaster in making up and distribut ing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. CLERK, FILE Class A — In an established filing system containing a num ber of varied subject matter file s , cla ssifie s and indexes corres pondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or may super vise others in filing and locating material in the file s . May per form incidental clerica l duties. Class B — Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been cla ssified or which is easily identifiable, or locates or a ssists in locating material in file s. May perform incidental clerica l duties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives custom ers'orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing older sheets to respective departments to be filled . May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled , keep file of orders received, and check ship ping invoices with original orders. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple cop ies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare sten cil or Ditto master. May keep file of used sten cils or Ditto masters. May sort, colla te, and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon si b ilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written in formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de vice attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work o f others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, op erating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerica l work. 19 SECRETARY TABULATIN G-MACHINE OPERATOR Performs secretarial and clerica l duties for a superior in an ad ministrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into o ffice ; answering and making phone ca lls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in or der, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work (see transcribing-machine operator). STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scien tific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work . SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or o ffice ca lls . May record toll ca lls and take m essages. May give information to per sons who ca ll in, or occasion ally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single p o si tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may a lso type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerica l work may take the major part o f this worker*s time while at switchboard. Class A — Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical a c counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without clo s e supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations cmdday-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. Class B — Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical a c counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under sp e cific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May a lso include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. Class C — Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with sp e cific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs, or re petitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May a lso type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is cla ssified as a stenographer, general. 20 TYPIST TYPIST— Continued Uses a typewriter to make cop ies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in clude typing of sten cils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicat ing p rocesses. May do clerica l work involving little sp ecia l training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. Class A — Performs one or more o f the following: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc- tuation, e tc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of com plicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circum stances. Class B —^Performs one or more o f the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing o f forms, insurance p o licie s, e tc .; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tables already set up and spaced properly. P R O F E SSIO N A L AND T E C H N IC A L DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued Draws to sca le units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying com pleted work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specification s; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specification s. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, m echanical, or structural drafting. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problems. May a ssist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties o f a supervisory or ad ministrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur p oses. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing work ing plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-section s, e tc ., to sca le by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combiner tion o f the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of em ployees' injuries; keeping records o f patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or p en cil. Uses T-square, com pass, and other drafting to o ls. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. 21 MAINTENANCE D P O W E R PL A N T C A R P E N T E R , M A IN T E N A N C E F IR E M A N , S T A T IO N A R Y B O I L E R Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, crib s, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casin gs, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials n ec essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a ssist in repairing boilerroom equipment. E L E C T R I C I A N , M A IN T E N A N C E Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit system s, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specification s; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. E N G IN E E R , S T A T IO N A R Y Operates and maintains and may a lso supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May a ls o supervise these operations. H ea d or c h i e f e n g in e e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts e m p lo yin g m ore than o n e en g in e e r are e x c lu d e d . H E L P E R , T R A D E S , M A IN T E N A N C E A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing sp e cific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts o f a trade that are a lso performed by workers on a full-time basis. M A C H IN E -T O O L O P E R A T O R , T O O LR O O M Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils . For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tion . M A CH IN IST, M A IN T E N A N C E Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting written instructions and specification s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and 22 M A CH IN IST, M A IN T E N A N C E — Continued M ILLW R IG H T — Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to clo se toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into me chanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. are required. Work involves m o st o f th e fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specification s; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selectingstandard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill wright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. M EC H A N IC , A U T O M O T IV E (M A IN T EN A N C E) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors o f an e s tablishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. M EC H A N IC , M A IN T E N A N C E Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Examining machines and mechan ica l equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d is mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specification s for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary d u ties involve setting up or adjusting machines. M IL LW R IG H T Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout O IL E R Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment o f an establishment. P A IN T E R , M A IN T E N A N C E Paints and redecorates frails, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work in v o lv e s the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils , white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or con sistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. P I P E F I T T E R , M A IN T E N A N C E Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specification s; cutting various siz e s of pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow , and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications* In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. W orkers primarily en ga g ed in in sta llin g and repairing building sa n ita tion or heatin g s y s t e m s are e x c lu d e d . 23 T O O L AND D IE M A K E R P L U M B E R , M A IN T E N A N C E Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. S H E E T - M E T A L W O R K ER , M A IN T E N A N C E Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specification s; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specification s; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to clo s e tolerances; fitting and assembling o f parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and p rocesses. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tion . C U STO D IA L AND M A T E R IA L MOVEMENT E LE V A T O R O P ERA TO R, PA SSEN GER JA N IT O R , P O R T E R , O R C L E A N E R — Continued Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishment. Duties involve a com bin ation o f the fo llo w in g : Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures;polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte* nance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. In c lu d es g a te men who are s ta tio n e d at g a te and ch e c k on id e n tity o f e m p lo y e e s and L A B O R E R , M A T E R IA L H A N D LIN G oth er persons en terin g . JA N IT O R , P O R T E R , O R C L E A N E R (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office , apartment house, or commercial (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve on e or more o f the fo llo w in g: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or 24 L A B O R E R , M A T E R IA L H A N D L IN G — Continued from freight cars, trucks, or. other transporting d evices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen , who load and unload sh ips are excluded. O RD ER F IL L E R (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specification s on sales slips, customers* orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating items filled or omitted, keep records o f outgoing orders, requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and pertorm other related duties. S H IP P IN G AND R E C E IV IN G C L E R K — Continued For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssifie d as follow s: R eceiv in g clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk T R U C K D R IV E R Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers* houses or places of business. May a lso load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor m echanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D river-salesm en and over-the-road drivers are excluded. P A C K E R , S H IP P IN G Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the sp e cific operations performed being dependent upon the type, siz e, and number o f units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may in volve one or more o f the follow ing: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closin g and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. P ackers who also make wooden b oxes or crates are excluded. S H IP P IN G AND R E C E IV IN G C L E R K Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work in v o lv es: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or a ssist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. R eceivin g work in v o lv e s: Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, in v oices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de partments; maintaining necessary records and file s. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are cla ssified by size and type o f equipment, as follow s: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis o f trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination o f s i z e s liste d separately) Truckdriver, light (under l l/ 2 ton s) Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer typ e) Truckdriver, h eavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer typ e) T R U C K E R , P O W ER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssifie d by type of truck, as follow s: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. ☆ u. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1961 O— 582132 Occupational Wagt Surveys Occupational wage surveys will be conducted in the 82 major labor markets listed below during late I960 and early 1961. Bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 2$, D .C ., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover. A summary bulletin containing data for 80 labor markets, combined with additional analysis, will be issued early in 1962. Akron, Ohio— Bull. 1285Albany—Schenectady—Troy, N .Y .— Bull. 1285 Albuquerque, N. Mex.— Bull. 1285Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, P a .-N .J .— Bull. 1285Atlanta, G a.— Bull. 1285Baltimore, Md.— Bull. 1285Beaumont—Port Arthur, T ex .-—Bull. 1285Birmingham, A la.— Bull. 1285' Boise, Idaho— Bull. 1285* * Boston, M ass.— Bull. 1285-15 Buffalo, N .Y .— Bull. 1285Burlington, V t.— Bull. 1285Canton, Ohio— Bull. 1285Charleston, W. V a .— Bull. 1285Charlotte, N .C .— Bull. 1285* * Chattanooga, Tenn.—Ga.— Bull. 1285*14 Chicago, 111.— Bull. 1285Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky.— Bull. 1285* * Cleveland, Ohio— Bull. 1285-11 Columbus, Ohio— Bull. 1285Dallas, T ex.— Bull. 1285-21 * * Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111.— Bull. 1285-16 Dayton, Ohio— Bull. 1285Denver, C olo.— Bull. 1285Des Moines, Iowa— Bull. 1285Detroit, Mich.— Bull. 1285Fort Worth, Tex.— Bull. 1285-23 * Green Bay, W is.— Bull. 1285-2 Greenville, S .C .— Bull. 1285Houston, T ex.— Bull. 1285Indianapolis, Ind.— Bull. 1285Jackson, M iss.— Bull. 1285Jacksonville, F ia.— Bull. 1285Kansas City, Mo.—£ a n s.— Bull. 1285-18 Lawrence—Haverhill, M ass.—N .H .— Bull. 1285* * Little Rock—North Little Rock, A rk .— Buil. 1285-6 Los Angeles—Long Beach, C alif.— Buil. 1285Louisville, Ky.—Ind.— Bull. 1285Lubbock, Tex.— Bull. 1285* Manchester, N .H .— Bull. 1285-1 Memphis, Tenn.— Bull. 1285Miami, F la .— Bull. 1285Milwaukee, Wis.— Bull. 1285Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn.— Bull. 1285Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich.— Bull. 1285Newark and Jersey City, N .J .— Bull. 1285New Haven, Conn.— Bull. 1285New Orleans, L a .— Bull. 1285New York, N .Y .— Bull. 1285Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, V a.— Bull. 1285* * Oklahoma City, Okla.— Bull. 1285-3 * * Omaha, Nebr.—Iowa— Bull. 1285-13 Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N .J.— Bull. 1285Philadelphia, Pa.— Bull. 1285-24 Phoenix, Ariz.— Bull. 1285- Pittsburgh, P a.— Bull. 1285Portland, Maine— Bull. 1285-19 Portland, Oreg.—Wash.— Bull. 1285Providence—Pawtucket, R .I.—M ass.— Bull. 1285* * Raleigh, N .C .— Bull. 1285-5 Richmond, V a.— Bull. 1285Rockford, 111.— Bull. 1285* * S t . Louis, Mo.—111.— Bull. 1285-10 Salt Lake City, Utah— Bull. 1285San Antonio, Tex.— Bull. 1285*San Bernardino—Riverside—Ontario, C alif.— Bull. 1285-4 San Francisco—Oakland, C alif.— Bull. 1285Savannah, Ga.— Bull. 1285^Scranton, Pa.— Bull. 1285-8 **Seattle, Wash.— Bull. 1285-7 * **Sioux Falls, S. Dak.— Bull. 1285-17 South Bend, Ind.— Bull. 1285Spokane, Wash.— Bull. 1285Toledo, Ohio— Bull. 1285Trenton, N . J . — Bull. 1285Washington, D .C .-M d .-V a ___ Bull. 1285-22 Waterbury, Conn.— Bull. 1285Waterloo, Iowa— Bull. 1285-20 * * Wichita, Kans.— Bull. 1285-9 * * Wilmington, D el.—N .J.— Bull. 1285-12 Worcester, Mass.— Bull. 1285York, P a.— Bull. 1285- An asterisk preceding a labor market indicates the availability and price of the bulletin. Please do not order copies in advance. * Price, 20 cents. Price, 25 cents. * * * Price, 15 cents.
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