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Occupational Wage Survey DETROIT, MICHIGAN JANUARY 1960 Bulletin No. 1265-25 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey DETROIT, MICHIGAN JANUARY 1960 Bulletin No. 1265-25 April I960 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, li.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. - Price cents Preface Contents Page T h e C o m m u n ity W a ge S u rv e y P r o g r a m T h e B u re a u o f L a b o r S t a tis tic s r e g u la r ly con du cts a r e a w id e w a g e s u r v e y s in a n u m b er o f im p o r ta n t in d u s tr ia l c e n te r s . T h e s tu d ie s , m a d e f r o m la te f a l l to e a r ly s p rin g , r e la t e to o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and r e la t e d s u p p le m e n ta ry b e n e fits . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on c o m p le tio n o f the study in e a c h a r e a , u s u a lly in the m onth fo llo w in g the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ied . T h is b u lle tin p r o v id e s a d d itio n a l d ata not in c lu d e d in the e a r l i e r r e p o r t . A c o n s o lid a te d a n a ly t ic a l b u lle tin s u m m a r iz in g the r e s u lts o f a ll o f the y e a r * s s u r v e y s is is s u e d a ft e r c o m p le tio n o f the fin a l a r e a b u lle tin f o r the c u r r e n t round o f s u r v e y s . In tro d u c tio n ______________________________________________________________________ W a ge tre n d s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s _____________________________ T a b le s : 1. 2. A: E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y _____________ P e r c e n t s o f in c r e a s e in sta n d a rd w e e k ly s a la r ie s and s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s , f o r s e le c t e d p e r io d s _______________________________________ O c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s :* A - 1. O ffic e o c c u p a tio n s ___________________________ A - 2 . P r o f e s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c c u p a tio n s A - 3 . M a in ten a n c e and p o w e r p la n t o c c u p a tio n s A -4 . C u s to d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a tio n s A p p e n d ix : O c c u p a tio n a l d e s c r ip tio n s ___________ 2 10 ______________________________________ =, 13 * N O T E : S im ila r ta b u la tion s a r e a v a ila b le in the D e t r o it a r e a r e p o r t s f o r D e c e m b e r 1951, O c to b e r 1953, O c to b e r 1955, and J a n u a ry 1959. T h e r e p o r ts a ls o in clu d e data on e s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w a g e p r o v is io n s . A d i r e c t o r y in d ic a tin g d ates o f study and the p r ic e o f the r e p o r t s , as w e ll as r e p o r ts f o r o th e r m a jo r a r e a s , is a v a ila b le upon r e q u e s t. A c u r r e n t r e p o r t on o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s is a ls o a v a ila b le f o r g r a y ir o n fo u n d rie s in the D e t r o it a r e a (M a y 1959). U n ion s c a le s , in d ic a tiv e o f p r e v a ilin g p a y le v e l s , a r e a v a ila b le f o r the fo llo w in g tr a d e s o r in d u s tr ie s : B u ild in g c o n s tru c tio n , p r in tin g , l o c a l - t r a n s i t o p e r a tin g e m p lo y e e s , and m o to r tr u c k d r i v e r s and h e lp e r s . 111 2 00 O T h is r e p o r t w as p r e p a r e d in the B u re a u 1s r e g io n a l o f f ic e in C h ic a g o , 111. , b y W o o d r o w C. Lin n , u n d er the d ir e c t io n o f G e o r g e E . V o ta v a , R e g io n a l W a g e and In d u s t r i a l R e la tio n s A n a ly s t. 1 3 Occupational Wage Survey—Detroit, Mich. Introduction This area is one of sev er a l im portant industrial cen ters in which the U .S . D epartm ent of Labor'd Bureau of Labor S tatistics conducts surveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an area b a sis. The bulletin p resen ts current occupational em ploym ent and earnings inform ation obtained la rg ely by m ail from the estab lish m en ts visited by Bureau field econ om ists in the la st previous survey for occu pations reported in that ea rlier study. P erson a l v isits Were m ade to nonrespondents and to those respondents reporting unusual changes sin ce the previous survey. In each area, data are obtained from R epresentative esta b lish m ents w ithin six broad industry divisions: M anufacturing; tran sp or tation, 1 com m unication, and other public u tilities; w h olesale trade; r e tail trade; finance, insuran ce, and real estate; and s e r v ic e s . M ajor industry groups excluded from th ese studies are governm ent operations and the construction and extractive in d u stries. E stablishm en ts having few er than a p rescrib ed num ber of w ork ers are om itted a lso because they furnish in su fficien t em ploym ent in the occupations studied to w a r rant in clu sion . W herever p o ssib le, separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry d ivision s. T hese su rveys are conducted on a sam ple b a sis b ecau se of the u n n ecessary co st involved in surveying a ll estab lish m en ts. To obtain appropriate accu racy at m inim um co st, a greater proportion of large than of sm a ll establishm ents is studied. In com bining the data, how ev er, a ll estab lish m en ts are given their appropriate w eight. E stim ates based on the estab lish m en ts studied are p resen ted , th erefore, as r e lating to a ll estab lish m en ts in the industry grouping and a rea , ex cept for those below the m inim um siz e studied. O ccupations and Earnings The occupations selected for study are com m on to a variety of m anufacturing and nonm anufacturing in d u stries. O ccupational c la s1 R ailroads, form erly excluded from the scope of th ese stu d ies, have been added in n ea rly a ll of the areas to be studied during the w inter of 1959-60; railroads w ill be added in the rem aining areas next year. For scope of survey in this area, see footnote to "transporta tion, com m unication, and other public u tilities" in table 1. sifica tio n is based on a uniform se t of job d escrip tion s designed to take account of in terestab lish m en t variation in duties w ithin the sam e job. (See appendix for listin g of th ese d escrip tio n s.) Earnings data are presented (in the A -s e r ie s tab les) for the follow ing types of occupa tions: (a) O ffice clerica l; (b) p ro fessio n a l and technical; (c) m ain te nance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and m aterial m ovem ent. O ccupational em ploym ent and earnings data are shown for fu ll-tim e w o rk ers, i. e. , those hired to w ork a regular w eekly sch ed ule in the given occupational cla ssifica tio n . Earnings data exclude prem ium pay for overtim e and for w ork on w eek en d s, h olid ays, and late sh ifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded a lso , but c o st-o fliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included. W here w eekly hours are reported, as for office c le r ic a l occupations, referen ce is to the w ork sched ules (rounded to the n ea rest half hour) for which S traight-tim e sa la rie s are paid; average w eek ly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the n ea rest half dollar. A verage earnings of m en and w om en are presen ted sep arately for selected occupations in w hich both sex es are com m only em ployed. D ifferen ces in pay le v e ls of m en and w om en in th ese occupations are la rg ely due to (l) d ifferen ces in the distribution of the sex es am ong in d u stries and estab lish m en ts; (2) d ifferen ces in sp ecific duties p e r form ed, although the occupations are ap propriately c la ssified within the sam e su rvey job description; and (3) d ifferen ces in length of s e r v ice or m erit review when individual sa la rie s are adjusted on this basis. Longer average se r v ic e of m en would resu lt in higher average pay when both sex es are em ployed w ithin the sam e rate range. Job d escrip tion s used in cla ssify in g em p loyees in th ese su rveys are u su ally m ore gen eralized than those u sed in individual estab lish m en ts to allow for m inor d ifferen ces am ong estab lish m en ts in sp ecific duties perform ed. O ccupational em ploym ent estim ates rep resen t the total in all estab lish m en ts within the scop e of the study and hot-the num ber actu ally surveyed. B ecau se of d ifferen ces in occupational stru ctu re am ong estab lish m en ts, the estim a tes of occupational em ploym ent obtained from the sam ple of estab lish m en ts studied serv e only to indicate the relative im portance of the jobs studied. T hese d ifferen ces in occu pational structure do not m a teria lly affect the accu racy of the ea rn ings data. 2 Table 1. E stablishm ents and w o rk e rs within scope of survey and number studied in D etroit, M ich. , 1 by m ajor industry d ivision , 2 January I960 Number o f establishm ents Industry division W orkers in establishm ents Within scope of study 3 Within scope of study Studied A ll d ivision s ____________________________________ 1, 254 272 634,400 461, 550 M an u factu rin g___________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ______________________________ T ransportation, com m unication, and other public u tilitie s 4 _ _ W holesale trade _____________________________ R etail trade 5 ________________________________ Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te ________ S e rv ice s 6 ____________________________________ 498 756 102 170 447 ,500 186,900 352,910 108, 640 76 191 124 151 214 29 34 30 37 40 4 7 ,200 23,500 58, 900 28, 800 28, 500 35,550 , 060 39, 160 17, 580 Studied 8 8,290 1 The D etroit M etropolitan A rea (Wayne, Oakland, and M acom b Counties). The "w o rk e rs within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate de scrip tio n of the size and com position of the labor fo rc e included in the survey. The estim ates are not intended, how ever, to serve as a b a s is o f com parison with other area em ploym ent indexes to m easure em ploym ent trends or le v e ls since ( l) planning of wage surveys requ ires the use of estab lishm ent data com piled con siderably in advance o f the payroll period studied, and (2) sm all establishm ents are excluded from the scope of the survey. The 1957 revised edition o f the Standard Industrial C la ssifica tio n Manual was used in cla ssifyin g establishm ents by industry division. M ajor changes from the e a r lie r edition (used in the B u rea u 's labor m arket wage survey program p rio r to the w inter of 1958-59) are the tran sfer of m ilk pasteurization plants and rea d y -m ix e d con crete establishm ents from trade (w holesale o r retail) to m anufacturing, and the tra n sfe r of radio and telev ision broadcasting fro m s e r v ic e s to the transportation, com m unication, and other public utilities division. Includes all establishm ents with total em ploym ent at or above the m in im u m -size lim itation (101 in m anufacturing, public utilities, and retail trade; 51 in w holesale trade, finance, and s e r v ic e s ). A ll outlets (within the a re a ) of com panies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair s e r v ic e , and m otion -pictu re theaters are con sid ered as 1 establishm ent. 2 3 4 e x c lu d e d R a i lr o a d s w e r e in c lu d e d ; t a x ic a b s an d s e r v i c e s in c id e n ta l b y d e f i n i t i o n f r o m th e s c o p e o f t h e stu d ie s. 5 Excludes 6 te c tu r a l H o te ls; to w a te r tr a n sp o r ta tio n w ere e x c lu d e d . D e t r o i t 's tr a n sit sy ste m is m u n ic ip a lly o p e r a te d and is data fo r 2 large departm ent sto re s. person al s e r v ic e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u to m o b ile r e p a ir s h o p s ; m o tio n p ic t u r e s ; n o n p r o fit m e m b e rsh ip o r g a n iz a tio n s; and e n g in e e r in g and a rc h i se r v ic e s. Table 2. P ercen ts of in cre a se in standard w eekly sala rie s and straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r selected occupational groups in D etroit, M ich. , fo r selected periods P ercen t in cre a s e s fro m — Industry and occupational group January 1959 to January I960 A ll industries; O ffice c le r ic a l (wom en) _____________________ Industrial nurses (wom en) --------------------------Skilled maintenance (men) _________________ U nskilled plant (men) ------------------------------------ 3. 1 4. 1 3. 0 3 .4 M anufacturing: O ffice c le r ic a l (women) _____________________ Industrial nurses (wom en) _________________ Skilled m aintenance (men) ______ _________ U nskilled plant (men) _______________________ 3. 9 4. 0 3. 1 3.2 O ctober 1955 to January 1959 19. 8 20. 2 17. 0 15. 8 23. 3 20. 7 17.2 17. 6 O ctober 1953 to O ctober 1955 D ecem ber 1951 to O ctober 1953 7. 5 7. 9 .3 8 6.2 11. 8 10. 2 11. 0 10. 0 7. 1 7. 9 . 1 .4 12. 0 10. 1 11. 1 8. 0 8 6 3 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups P r e s e n te d in ta ble 2 a r e p e r ce n ts o f change in s a la r ie s o f w om en o ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u stria l n u r s e s , and in a v e r a g e ea rn in g s o f s e le c t e d plant w o r k e r g r o u p s . F o r o ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u str ia l n u r s e s , the p e r cen ts o f change r e la te to a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s fo r n o rm a l h ou rs o f w o rk , that i s , the stan dard w o rk sch ed u le fo r w h ich stra ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s a r e paid. F o r plant w o r k e r g r o u p s , they m e a s u r e ch a n ges in str a ig h t-tim e h o u rly e a r n in g s , ex clu d in g p re m iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and late s h ifts . The p e r ce n ta g e s a r e b a se d on data fo r s e le c t e d key occu p a tio n s and in clu d e m o s t o f the n u m e r ic a lly im p orta n t jo b s w ithin each g ro u p . The o f fic e c l e r i c a l data a r e b a se d on w om en in the fo llo w in g 18 jo b s : B i lle r s , m a ch in e (b illin g m a ch in e ); b o o k k e e p in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A and B; C o m p to m e te r o p e r a t o r s ; c le r k s , f ile , c la s s A and B; c le r k s , o r d e r ; c l e r k s , p a y r o ll; keypunch o p e r a t o r s ; o ffic e g ir l s ; s e c r e t a r ie s ; ste n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l; s w itch b o a rd o p e r a t o r s ; sw itch b o a rd o p e r a t o r r e c e p t io n is t s ; ta b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s ; t r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l; and ty p is ts , c la s s A and B . The in d u stria l n u rse data a r e b a s e d on w o m e n in d u str ia l n u r s e s . M en in the follow in g 10 sk ille d m a in ten an ce jo b s and 3 u n sk illed jo b s w e r e in clu d ed in the plant w o rk e r data: S k illed — c a r p e n t e r s ; e le c t r ic ia n s ; m a ch in is ts ; m e c h a n ic s ; m e c h a n ic s , a u tom otiv e; m illw r ig h ts ; p a in te rs ; p ip e fitte r s ; s h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r s ; and to o l and die m a k e r s ; u n sk illed — ja n ito r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s ; l a b o r e r s , m a te r ia l handling; and w atch m en . A v e ra g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s or a v e r a g e h ou rly e a rn in g s w e r e com p u ted fo r ea ch o f the s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n s . The a v e r a g e s a la r ie s or h ou rly e a rn in g s w e r e then m u ltip lie d by the a v e r a g e o f O cto b e r 1953 and O cto b e r 1955 em p loy m en t in the iob . T h ese w eigh ted e a rn in g s fo r in d iv id u al o c cu p a tio n s w e r e then to ta le d to obtain an a g g re g a te fo r each o ccu p a tio n a l g ro u p . F in a lly , the r a tio o f th ese g rou p a g g r e g a te s fo r a g iven y ea r to the a g g re g a te fo r oth er y e a r s w as com p u ted and the d if fe r e n c e betw een the r e s u lt and 100 is the p ercen t o f change fr o m one p e r io d to a n oth er. A d ju stm en ts have b een m ade w h ere n e c e s s a r y to m ain tain c o m p a r a b ility . F o r e x a m p le , in m o s t o f the a r e a s s u r v e y e d , r a i l r o a d s w e r e in clu d ed in the c o v e r a g e o f the s u r v e y s fo r the fir s t tim e this y e a r . In com pu tin g the in d e x e s , data re la tin g to the r a ilr o a d in d u stry w e re e x clu d e d . The p e r ce n t of change m e a s u r e s , p r in c ip a lly , the e ffe c t s of ( l ) g e n e r a l s a la ry and w age ch a n g es; (2 ) m e r it or oth er in c r e a s e s in pay r e c e iv e d by in d iv id u al w o r k e r s w h ile in the sam e jo b ; and (3 ) ch a n g es in the la b o r f o r c e su ch a s la b o r tu r n o v e r, f o r c e ex p an s io n s , fo r c e r e d u c tio n s , and ch a n g es in the p r o p o r tio n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d by e sta b lis h m e n ts w ith d iffe r e n t pay le v e ls . C h an ges in the la b o r f o r c e can ca u se in c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the occu p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s w ithout a ctu a l w age ch a n g e s. F o r e x a m p le , a fo r c e ex p a n sion m ight in c r e a s e the p r o p o rtio n o f lo w e r paid w o r k e r s in a s p e c ific o c cu p a tio n and r e s u lt in a d rop in the a v e r a g e , w h e r e a s a r e d u ctio n in the p r o p o r tio n o f lo w e r paid w o r k e r s w ou ld have the o p p o s ite e ffe c t . The m o v e m e n t o f a h ig h -p a y in g esta b lis h m e n t out o f an a r e a c o u ld ca u se the a v e r a g e e a rn in g s to d r o p , even though no change in r a te s o c c u r r e d in oth er a r e a e sta b lis h m e n ts . The use o f con stan t em p loy m en t w eigh ts e lim in a te s the e ffe c t s o f ch a n g es in the p r o p o r tio n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in ea ch jo b in clu d ed in the data. N or a re the p e r ce n ts o f change in flu e n ce d by ch a n g es in stan dard w o rk sch e d u le s or in p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r t im e , sin ce they a r e b a se d on pay fo r str a ig h t-tim e h o u r s . In dexes fo r the p e r io d 1953 to 1959 fo r w o r k e r s in 17 m a jo r la b o r m a rk e ts a p p e a re d in BJLS B u ll. 1 2 4 0 -2 2 , W a ges and R ela ted B e n e fit s , 20 L a b or M a r k e ts, W inter 1 9 5 8 -5 9 . 4 A* Occupational Earnings Table A -l. O ffice Occupations (Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Detroit, Mich. , January I960) Average Sex, occupation, and industry division N um ber workers of Men Clerks, accounting, class A ---------------- 1, 581 Manufacturing -------------------------------- 1, 187 Nonmanufacturing --------------------------394 Public u tilities3 ------------------------87 Wholesale trade ------------------------196 Services -----------------------------------74 Clerks, accounting, class B ---------------395 Manufacturing ----- -----------------------129 Nonmanufacturing __________________ 266 Public u tilities3 ________________ 47 Wholesale trade —.............................. 132 Clerks, order ------------------------------------ 700 Manufacturing -------------------------------217 Nonmanufacturing __________________ 483 Wholesale trade ------------------------- 451 Clerks, payroll ---------------------------------249 Manufacturing ------------------------------196 53 Nonmanufacturing --------------------------Office boys ___________________________ 627 Manufacturing -------------------------------250 Nonmanufacturing --------------------------377 Public utilities 3 ------------------------103 Finance 5 -----------------------------------97 Services -----------------------------------104 Tabulating-machine operators -------------- 798 Manufacturing -------------------------------503 295 Nonmanufacturing -------------------------75 Public utilities 3 ------------------------65 Wholesale trade ------------------------Finance5 _______________________ 91 Women Billers, machine (billing machine) ------400 196 Manufacturing -------------------------------204 Nonmanufacturing --------------------------Billers, machine (bookkeeping machine) ----------------------------------------188 52 Manufacturing -------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------136 Retail trad e 6 ----------------------------53 W eekly j hours (Standard) N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G ST R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S OF- $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S $ S $ $ S $ $ $ $ $ W eekly i Under 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 earnings and and (Standard) under Jo. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90.00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 over _ 40. 0 $118.00 40. 0 119.50 ___=__ 39.5 112.50 39. 5 111.50 _ 39. 5 120.00 39. 0 105.50 _ _ 40. 0 87.00 _ 40. 0 101.00 40. 0 80.50 39. 5 91.00 . 38. 5 84.00 40. 0 112.50 _ ---------1 _ 40. 0 119.50 _■ 40. 0 1 0 9 . 0 0 40.0 109.00 _ 40. 0 110.50 40. 0 116.50 40. 0 89.50 - / 22 52 39. 0 62.50 _ 2 10 39. 5 68.50 20 42 38. 5 58.50 6 38. 0 64.50 12 23 39. 0 53.50 18 38. 0 56.00 _ _ 40. 0 98.50 _ 40. 0 102.50 40. 0 91.50 101.00 39. 5 - 1 40. 0 91.00 40. 0 82.00 39. 0 ! 74.50 40. 0 ; 77.00 38. 5 71.50 _ 40. 0 39. 5 40. 0 40. 0 - 65.50 78.00 61.00 63.00 - 2 1 2 !1— :i I 5 9 5 9 5 1 4 _ 16 16 5 _ " 98 20 78 4 18 34 _ - . 10 10 5 5 5 5 118 48 70 10 19 23 2 2 " 28 22 6 10 5 15 15 37 37 11 5 1 1 24 24 12 1 1 1 1 1 117 30 87 52 20 10 6 6 2 3 22 1 21 2 8 1 1 1 60 48 12 2 5 17 1 16 1 13 14 42 i ! 19 13 23 2 7 11 5 50 39 14 1 25 49 5 33 19 33 9 2 33 7 33 7 5 17 4 2 15 1 22 36 32 17 4 5 1 4 44 70 15 29 41 29 2 1 23 24 8 35 71 1 49 22 34 13 _ 14 14 3 40 31 6 25 34 6 13 4 14 2 26 ■ 62 6 9 17 56 16 56 5 18 4 3 1 15 13 22 13 11 2 9 2 9 46 98 54 19 27 44 5 7 5 6 6 19 73 44 24 12 49 32 41 13 28 84 49 35 42 12 30 16 9 20 41 - 16 20 25 16 21 3 18 14 11 11 - 2 2 - 5 5 5 5 21 21 9 7 7 7 3 1 2 66 18 48 13 5 14 11 1 10 1 7 7 - 9 7 7 7 54 30 24 6 16 " 46 18 28 _ 22 44 24 20 16 6 5 1 1 1 125 97 28 12 8 6 25 24 1 18 11 10 ! 11 8 | 9 9 - 127 138 188 84 111 163 43 27 25 1 13 22 6 3 9 28 3 25 15 22 19 15 12 - 10 6 8 5 2 I ll 15 71 24 3 5 87 12 66 84 11 45 22 32 32 22 25 32 7 ~ _ _ _ - - 143 104 j 5.1 103 77 44 40 27 7 22 17 7 7 8 4 1 " 2 1 2 - | _ - 5 5 - - 195 130 179 116 16 14 5 3 10 11 24 5 10 3 14 2 _ 5 2 9 41 70 7 31 34 39 34 39 29 12 27 9 | 2 3 _ _ 33 25 30 16 3 9 3 1 _ - i 1 I i I 219 173 46 _ 46 _ _ _ _ 38 16 22 22 27 27 _ _ _ - - - See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Estim ates for all industries, nonmanufacturing, and public utilities include data for railroads (SIC 40), omitted from the scope of all labor m arket wage surveys made before the winter of 1959-60. Where significant, the effect of the inclusion of ra il roads is greatest on the data shown separately for the public utilities division. The trend of earnings in selected occupational groups in all industries, excluding railroads, appears in table 2. - 82 45 2 37 2 21 14 . . _ _ 77 4 43 34 34 10 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 6 3 ------ <T •_ - - i_______ _ - 143 137 106 110 37 27 14 6 21 21 2 " 4 1 4 1 _ _ _ _ 65 24 36 6 29 18 29 16 15 10 15 9 1 _ _ _ 5 9 7 1 2 4 2 - _ - - - - - - 5 Table A -l. O ffice Occupations-Continued Sex, occupation, and industry division Women— Continued Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A ------------------------------------------M anufacturing------------------------------Nonmanufacturing-------------------------Wholesale tra d e ------------------------Finance 5 ---------------------------------Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B ------------------------------------------M anufacturing------------------------------Nonmanufacturing-------------------------Public utilities 3 ----------------------Wholesale tra d e ------------------ ---Retail trade 6 --------------------- ---Finance 5 ______________________ S ervices----------------------------------Clerks, accounting, class A --------------M anufacturing____________________ Nonmanufacturing-------------------------Public u tilities3 ----------------------Wholesale tra d e -----------------------Retail trade 6 ---------------------------Finance 5 ____________ ________ S ervices_______________________ Clerks, accounting, class B -------------M anufacturing____________________ Nonm anufacturing------------------------Public utilities 3 ----------------------Wholesale trade _ ______________ Retail trade 6 ---------------------------Finance 5 ---------------------------------S ervices_______________________ Clerks, file, class A _________________ Nonmanufacturing-------------------------Finance 5 _______________________ Clerks, file, class B ________________ M anufacturing____________________ Nonm anufacturing-------------------------Public utilities 3 ----------------------Wholesale trad e ------------------------Retail trade 6 ___________ _____ Finance 5 ---------------------------------S ervices------------------------- -------C lerks, order -----------------------------------M anufacturing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Nonmanufacturing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Wholesale tra d e - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Retail trade 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Detroit, Mich, , January I960) Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF Number $45.00 *50.00 S55.00 *60.00 *65.00 $70.00 $75.00 *80.00 $85.00 *90.00 $ 9 5 . 0 0 $100.00 $105.00 $110.00 115.00 *2 0 . 0 0 125.00 *130.00*135.00*140.00 of Under 40. 00 Weekly Weekly workers (Standard) hours 1 (Standard) earnings * and - 1 - [ - | and under *0.00 45. 00 50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00! 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 1 0 0 . 0 0 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00|135.001140.00! over i j 511 239 272 51 147 1,722 463 1,259 42 76 150 872 119 1,001 336 665 103 123 133 161 145 2, 380 610 1,770 410 224 538 394 204 658 252 143 1,691 365 1, 326 130 167 245 504 280 444 134 310 188 57 39. 5 $85.50 39. 5 90.50 39. 5 81.00 38. 5 95.50 40. 0 75.00 39. 5 70.00 40. 0 81.50 39. 5 66.00 39. 5 81.00 40. 0 83.00 40. 5 66.00 39. 5 ! 62.50 1 39. 0 74.00 39. 5 93.50 40. 0 108.00 39. 0 86.00 39. 5 95.50 39. 5 86.50 40. 5 83.00 39. 0 81.50 38. 0 88.50 39. 5 72.00 39. 5 85.50 39. 5 67.50 39. 0 76.00 39. 5 70.50 41. 0 59.50 38. 5 6 6 . 0 0 38. 0 ! 6 9 . 0 0 39. 5 i 84.00 39. 0 | 70.50 39. 0 67.00 39. 5 59.00 40. 0 67.50 39. 0 56.50 38. 5 61.50 39. 5 61.50 40. 0 55.00 39. 0 55.50 38. 0 55.00 40. 0 76.00 39. 5 84.50 40. 0 72.00 39. 5 80.00 40. 0 56.50 i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ See footnotes at end of table. _ _ - - - - 2 2 2 - 22 in 22 17 5 _ 87 6 81 54 27 - 125 7 118 15 97 6 _ 146 6 140 8 7 104 263 23 240 i 13 227 3 3 3 241 10 231 5 no 89 27 31 31 18 - ! - i _ 18 18 18 _ _ - " - 73 73 14 23 36 303 25 278 13 20 19 108 118 22 3 : 3 j 22 - 1 3 I 7■ 20 - 20 ~ _ 20 - 1 12 9 19 11 11 292 48 ! 81 6 n 1----- YT ! 5 ' 33 | 76 6 1 4 17 62 292 13 279 23 27 34 150 45 57 9 338 29 309 2 21 279 7 5 5 4 1 332 22 310 61 43 76 88 42 57 55 37 378 134 244 27 18 68 128 3 32 24 1 ! 81 87 46 1 58 35 29 4 ! 22 13 3 307 159 89 79 32 73 36 48 275 86 j 53 31 - li 10 4 2 4 15 1 16 27 19 17 176 39 10 15 10 68 2 37 58 100 155 - 19 1 37 57 100 136 - 15 6 - 14 14 48 9 10 29 23 23 27 37 16 5 20 34 276 385 173 224 55 93 25 64 251 321 118 131 55 60 45 81 27 15 41 8 3 7 23 79 66 13 22 50 53 10 6 26 59 44 43 39 17 38 43 ! 23 11 24 26 14 4 22 20 97 68 26 14 11 16 11 71 54 4 1 8 12 8 1 28 27 11 14 24 1 3 2 27 53 53 47 15 11 10 6 17 47 38 36 11 41 34 ! 31 1 59 233 12 41 56 90 34 7 3 7 I 29 22 6l 5 48 54 ! 8! 46; 3i 40 1 5 ! 3 J_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | 3 1 1 j 1 119 ' 50 69 2 15 17 21 14 110 10 100 2 20 24 19 35 185 82 103 46 4 1 34 18 36 13 24 15 9 4 5 32 27 5 2 3 91 67 24 11 12 1 91 22 69 23 1 3 13 29 133 81 52 46 - 75 57 18 2 12 4 - 38 j 41 ! 3 3 38 j 21 3 3 20 j 2 ! 42 11 36 ; 5^ 6 6 - ' 6 6 i [ 105 85 74 55 62 48 48 62 12 ! 7 57 23 - ! 10 6 3 10 1 4 3 -j 19 9 11 7 7 5 4 ' 60 31 4 4 2 58 31 4 2 2 2 1 2 - 66 15 51 34 7 7 3 81 71 10 1 2 7 249 6 - 103 3 - 4 - 21 9 12 4 4 - 93 21 43 16 50 5 4 4 1 4 42 35 37 17. 32 5 18 14 ! _1 i 42 27 15 9i 1 - - 6 2 4 4 - 15 14“ 1 4 - 4 3 j 1 - ! - 1 - 2 2 5 1 4 4 - " 4 4 4 _ 13 13 13 - - - - - - 6 6 _ - _ - 6 3 3 3 _ - 31 14 28 12 2 3 2 2 1| " _ _ - “ - - - - - - 1 4 _ - 1 1 - _ - . - 2 2 2 ! i - - - .- - - - ■ " . - - - - - - - - - - - " ! 1 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 6 Table A-l. Office Occupations-Continued on (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , D e t r o it, M ic h . , J a n u a ry I960) an a r e a b a s is NUMBER OP WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF Average Number $ $ $40.00 $45.00 $50.00 $55.00 $60.00 $65.00 $70.00 $75.00 $80.00 s85.00 $ $ $ $ of Weekly j Weekly Under 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 $120.00 $125.00 $130.00 $135.00 S140.00 Sex, occupation, and industry division workers - and (Standard) (Standard) $ und^r 45.00 50.00 55.00 60.00 65. 00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 over Women—Continued Clerks, p ay ro ll______________________ M anufacturing------------------------------Nonmanufacturing-------------------------Public utilities 3 _______________ Retail trade 6 ______ __________ Services ___________ __________ Comptometer o p e ra to rs_____________ M anufacturing---------------- -------Nonmanufacturing_________________ Public utilities 3 _________ _____ Wholesale t r a d e ______________ Retail trade 6 _______ ______ Finance 5 ______________________ Duplicating-machine operators (Mimeograph or Ditto) --------------------M anufacturing____________________ Nonmanufacturing_________________ Keypunch operators --------------------------M anufacturing____________________ Nonmanufacturing_________________ Public utilities 3 -----------------------Wholesale trade _______________ Retail trade 6 --------------------- ---Finance5 -------------------------------Services _ ____________________ Office g ir ls __________ _____________ M anufacturing____________________ Nonmanufacturing________________ Finance 5 -------------------------------S ec re ta ries------------------------------------M anufacturing_______________ ___ N onm anufacturing_________________ Public utilities 3 _______________ Wholesale trad e ________________ Retail trade 6 __________________ Finance 5 ____ _________________ ____________ S erv ices____ Stenographers, g en e ral_____________ M anufacturing____________________ ____ Nonm anufacturing---------Public utilities 3 _______________ Wholesale trade ---------------------Retail trade 6 ---------------------------Finance 5 ______________________ S erv ices____________________ ... Stenographers, tech n ical_____________ 1, 118 669 449 129 103 143 1, 707 1, 052 655 76 196 143 83 39. 5 $84.50 40. 0 91.00 39. 0 75.50 39.0 74.50 40. 0 65.50 37. 5 77.50 40. 0 81.00 40. 0 87.50 39. 5 71.00 39. 0 82.00 40. 0 77.00 39. 5 66.00 39. 5 63.50 _ _ - 148 67 81 1,957 944 1, 013 299 170 92 324 128 302 131 171 78 4, 785 2, 557 2, 228 343 376 236 751 522 5, 891 4, 012 1, 879 390 491 96 455 447 206 38. 5 70.00 40. 0 | 74.50 37.0 | 66.00 39. 5 80.50 40. 0 89.50 39. 5 72.00 39.0 80.50 40. 0 79.00 40. 0 62.50 39. 5 65.50 39. 0 67.00 39. 5 63.50 39. 5 74.50 39. 5 55.00 39. 5 54.00 39. 5 • 98.00 40. 0 106.00 38. 5 88.50 39. 0 94.50 39. 5 90.50 40. 0 | 87.00 38. 5 85.00 37. 0 88.50 39. 5 87.00 40. 0 92.50 39. 0 76.50 39. 5 87.50 39. 5 79.50 40. 0 67.00 39. 5 70.00 37. 0 71.50 39.0 99.00 _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ !_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ See fo o t n o t e s at end o f ta b le . - . 14 14 14 - 26 6 20 15 5 21 6 15 10 - - ! - 1 ! 11 11 - i 11 ! 6 5 ! : ! 5 - L1 5 j 1I - ii 12 3 9 5 4 34 34 2 12 15 37 4 33 11 18 3 42 6 36 4 17 10 17 20 1 9 8 19 101 111 5 9 96 102 13 3 14 12 19 70 50 11 6 38 55 18 6 20 49 16 9 37 81 2 37 79 8 6 3 6 21 43 5 24 166 277 50 82 116 195 8 12 14 43 20 j 15 60 87 14 38 _ _ 13 13 11 16 59 16 59 6 4 1 ~ 11 82 27 - 16 ,-1-2- 93 13 12 80 2 51 6 1 1 | ! 6 i 2 1 3 - I _ 1 24 55 - 13 24 42 2 2 2 4 17 i 18 21 i__ : __ 1___ " __ - j i ; . 47 29 18 6 9 2 114 38 76 4 35 10 26 j i ! 78 121 115 13 35 58 65 86 57 23 26 15 10 24 14 26 25 17 301 130 116 99 76 47 202 54 69 3 12 i 8 25 28 26 20 9 24 7 3 19 140 115 96 61 44 54 20 5 4 7 47 197 119 130 98 67 21 9 47 14 4 11 3 - 24 17 7 280 51 229 64 36 18 47 64 12 7 5 158 38 120 8 7 19 54 32 387 118 269 22 18 28 55 146 4 5 .4 1 166 102 64 22 13 25 4 9 9 335 63 272 37 89 38 75 33 691 477 214 31 98 9 41 35 19 14 9 13 7 1 2 176 192 43 77 133 115 25 28 16 43 17 8 62 33 13 3 21 16 21 16 154 271 23 42 131 229 10 j 11 19 18 25 28 49 99 28 73 387 420 138 162 249 258 37 23 80 94 5 9 75 73 52 59 2 2 i i .i 92 67 25 8 4 8 223 184 39 24 3 12 - 117 73 97 65 20 8 5 2 1 3 “ 237 123 221 111 16 12 10 6 12 - 10 19 5 5 14 5 160 217 127 163 33 54 13 51 1 92 2 9 11 30 30 11 503 47 6 136 168 367 308 31 86 87 54 28 18 148 89 73 61 626 756 484 f 555 142 201 40 l 109 70 i 1 9 ! 4 16 212 ! 50 ! 12 12 31 : i .i 6 6 " 280 212 68 63 5 " 539 296 243 25 ; 41 19 61 ! 97 j 1141 i 1033 108 1 68 j 32 6i 2 j 21 i 71 70 1 _ _ 30 30 _ _ _ - 2 2 _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ - 5 3 2 _ _ “ _ _ _ _ _ - 5 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - . - 1 - i _ _ _ 2 14 2 14_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 570 337 311 165 106 482 291 ITT 155 74 88 46 35 10 32 26 21 6 2 16 13 13 6 5 3 _ i 17. ! 2 1 4 8 _ 24 10 5 3 8 16 3 _ 180 150 104 45 163 144 104 45 17 6 J _ _ 14 6 i 3 i 1 - 1j _ j i ! i - ! _ 57 19 14 24 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 55 2 _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 19 16 3 1 _ 5 5 _ _ - 39 35 4 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 172 139 33 4 29_ _ 598 388 210 46 17 18 66 63 482 444 38 18 20 1 : 1 : ' : - _ ' 4 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ - _ _ _ . j _ _ _ _ - _ _ 45 39 6 2 2 1 1 - _ _ 36 29 7_ _ 1 6 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - 7 Table A-l. Office Occupations-Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a rn in g s fo r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , D e t r o it , M ic h . , J a n u a ry I960) Number of workers Average NUMBER $ $ $ $ $ Weekly Weekly U n d e r 4 0 . 0 0 4 5 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 hours 1 earnings 1 and (Standard) (Standard) 4 0 . 00 u4n5 d. 0e 0r 5 0 . 0 0 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 . 0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 and 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 0 U 3 5 . 0 0 1 140.0 0 o v e r o oo cc u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d iv is io n j W o m e n — C on tin u ed S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r s -----------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g --------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 _______________ W h o le s a le t r a d e ------------------------R e t a il t r a d e 6 ___________________ F in a n ce 5 ------------------------------------S e r v i c e s --------------------------------------- 1 ,0 67 403 66 4 82 125 100 148 209 40. 40. 40. 39. 40. 40. 40. 40. 0 $ 7 7 . 00 0 9 0 . 00 0 6 9 . 00 5 8 7 . 50 0 7 7 . 00 5 6 4 . 50 5 6 6 . 00 0 6 1 . 00 S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s M a n u fa c t u r in g --------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 -----------------------W h o le s a le t r a d e ________________ R e t a il t r a d e 6 ___________________ F in a n ce 5 ________________________ S e r v i c e s _________________________ 832 414 418 56 119 61 102 80 39. 40. 39. 39. 39. 39. 39. 38. 5 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 73. 75. 70. 70. 78. 65. 68. 63. T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ---------M a n u fa c t u r in g --------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g -------------------------P u b lic u t il it i e s 3 ----------------------F in a n c e 5 ________________________ 300 141 159 44 58 39. 40. 39. 38. 40. 5 0 5 5 0 T r a n s c r ib in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l ________________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g --------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g -------------------------F in a n ce 5 ------------------------------------- 533 148 385 183 39. 40. 39. 39. T y p is t s , c l a s s A ---------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g --------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g -------------------------P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 ----------------------W h o le s a le t r a d e ------------------------F in a n c e 5 ________________________ 3, 0 7 0 2,4 0 2 668 179 129 279 T y p is t s , c l a s s B ---------------------------------M a n u fa c t u r in g --------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g -------------------------P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 ----------------------W h o le s a le t r a d e ________________ R e t a il t r a d e 6 ___________________ F in a n e e 5 ________________________ S e r v i c e s _________________________ 4 , 105 1 ,7 71 2 , 334 197 312 241 1 ,0 43 54 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 2 82 72 72 22 22 28 53 53 12 18 7 16 74 15 59 2 16 29 12 121 11 no 1 32 27 36 14 46 46 6 11 15 14 31 16 15 4 9 2 - 14 0 78 62 9 12 24 17 97 42 55 16 8 13 18 145 14 3 65 94 51 78 10 10 31 25 7 i 8 26 8 4 - 1 1 - 7 7 - 5 5 3 25 25 4 11 36 1 35 10 14 17 17 8 77 77 48 61 1 60 31 68 6 62 24 5 5 4 54 54 54 82 6 76 10 49 477 52 425 19 9 37 275 85 57 5 54 521 17 50 60 198 196 772 185 587 27 36 57 300 167 7 7 7 - 7 7 7 - 33 33 1 4 9 19 89 89 - 00 50 00 50 50 00 00 00 6 6 6 88. 98. 80. 89. 76. 50 50 00 00 50 _ - 2 13 2 2 U - 1 7 6 _ 2 2 - 5 0 5 0 73. 86. 68. 65. 50 00 50 00 40. 40. 39. 38 . 39. 39. 0 0 0 5 5 5 1 8 7 . 50 9 1 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 8 2 . 00 69.50 39. 40. 39. 39. 39. 40. 38. 39. 5 j 6 8 . 00 0 1 77.00 0 61.00 0 | 68.00 5 6 9 . 50 0 5 8 . 00 5 5 8 . 50 0 6 0 . 00 : _ 5 5 5 32 32 4 - 28 - - _ " . - - 17 17 14 80 80 5 - 7 62 6 129 33 96 1 56 4 17 18 52 160 35 | 90 17 i 70 44 8 2 8 2 5 1 17 - 113 70 43 23 11 6 3 126 120 6 2 2 2 - 23 23 - 3 3 - 5 3 2 2 - 3 3 - i - ! - 1 1 67 18 49 8 19 9 8 5 49 30 19 1 2 6 10 53 46 7 5 2 - 9 7 2 2 - 14 14 - 18 4 14 3 7 27 7 20 3 13 •31 16 15 5 8 14 11 3 1 1 37 29 8 1 51 44 7 6 " 35 18 17 12 - 61 17 44 21 59 26 33 17 44 23 21 6 46 8 38 14 52 51 1 186 70 116 9 54 36 136 49 87 5 13 62 366 298 68 35 1 26 540 501 39 11 8 15 15 1 14 93 91 2 2 - 1 1 - 143 27 116 54 5 33 520 209 311 17 52 37 174 31 425 260 16 5 30 79 5 16 35 311 213 98 41 24 7 15 11 34 5 264 81 22 43 3 3 10 381 357 24 10 14 15 15 543 484 59 49 8 116 113 3 - - 3 - 884 8 38 46 4 40 40 1 38 ! 2 [ - 13 13 2 - - - 28 28 4 4 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Workers were distributed as follows: 22 at $ 140 to $ 150; 8 at $ 150 to $ 160; 7 at $ 160 and over. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Workers were distributed as follows: 14 at $ 140 to $ 145; 23 at $ 145 to $ 150; 6 at $ 150 and over. Finance, insurance, and real estate. Excludes data for 2 large department stores. - - - ! i li _ _ - _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - 13 13 13 _ _ i _ _ - 1 - 10 10 _ - 1 1 - „ 10 10 - . . . . _ _ . - - - - 9 9 - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - . _ - . - _ - . - _ _ _ - _ - - 8 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations (Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Detroit, M ich., January I960) Average Sex, occupation, and industry division Men Draftsmen, leader ......... ............................. Manufacturing -----------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------Services ---------------------------------Draftsmen, senior ---------------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------Public utilities 3 — ......................................... — Services ----------------------------------------------------------Draftsmen, junior ----------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------Public utilities 3 ----------------------Services --------------------------------------------------T racers —............................... ................................................... Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------Women Nurses, industrial (registered) --------------Manufacturing ------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------- N um ber of workers 1 N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G ST R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S O F * $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 9 $ $ 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 $90. 00 $95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 $155.00 160.00 $165.00 S170.00 175.00 and and under 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90.00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 170.00 175.00 over $ W eekly W eekly j earnings (Standard) (Standard) $ 719 498 221 211 2, 839 2, 022 817 142 669 1, 338 926 412 49 354 241 199 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 39. 0 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 39. 5 39. 0 39. 5 40. 0 40. 0 497 445 52 40. 0 40. 0 39. 5 $ i 163.50 163.50 163.00 164.00 141.50 141.50 143.00 129.50 146.00 98.50 100.50 94.50 104.00 93.50 91.00 90.00 102.00 103.00 93.00 _ - ! - ! i - $ _ - i ' - 1 _ . - 2 2 _ - ~ - 176 42 1 59 4100 1 28 ' 18 *76 | 14 ! 41 75 j 14 40 6 29 15 25 25 i 9 | 22 t 5 5 12 6 6 !_________ 14 13 1 - J 6 5 1 _ 18 18 - - 100 163 64 104 36 59 7 6 29 52 40 51 38 51 133 117 16 3 13 41 32 26 19 7 48 38 10 98 85 13 _ - _: 1 i i 1 45 26 94 33 17 38 12 9 56 8 6 12 50 217 124 79 147 115 69 70 9 10 20 5 44 4 10 7 15 10 7 3 6 71 70 1 129 54 12k> 53 3 1 1 | 4 11 11 -1 4 ~ 186 205 139 138 47 67 14 37 52 9 71 57 37 69 2 20 2 2 18 2 6 6 30 28 2 4 3 1 | | 5 5 20 3 283 177 190 26 93 19 17 5 76 34 24 22 10 12 14 2 4 10 10 46 46 281 243 38 11 27 17 17 - 54 52 40 50 14 2 14 " 337 184 212 147 125 37 5 1 124 32 23 4 4 5 18 18 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ " - - - " - " 2 2 4 4 _ _ _ _ _ - 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. 2 Workers were distributed as follows: 34 at $175 to $180; 34 at $180 to $190; 36 at $190 to $ 200; 38 at $200 to $210; 3 at $210 and over. 3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 4 All w orkers were at $ 70 to $ 75. 5 W orkers were distributed as follows: 33 at $50 to $60; 36 at $60 to $70; 7 at $70 to $75. 6 W orkers were distributed as follows: 3 at under $70; 26 at $70 to $75. NOTE: See note on p. 4, relative to the inclusion of railroads. 87 73 46 53 41 20 39 18 268 140 176 117 92 23 7 13 85 10 _ 15 15 15 - - - - - 103 40 41 25 62 15 62 15 170 181 97 169 73 12 73 12 _ _ 65 179 36 'zl45 29 34 29 34 109 101 66” 38 43 63 4 39 63 _ - - - _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ - . - _ - _ ‘ 9 Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (Average straight-tim e hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Detroit, Mich. , January I960) Occupation and industry division C arpenters, maintenance -----------------------------M anufacturing-----------------------------------------N onm anufacturing________________________ Public utilities 2 ---------------------------------Finance 3 ______________________________ Electricians, m aintenance___________________ M anufacturing-----------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing------------------------------------Engineers, stationary_______________________ M anufacturing-----------------------------------------Nonm anufacturing------------------------------------S ervices----------------------------------------------Firem en, stationary b o iler---------------------------M anufacturing____________________________ Nonm anufacturing------------------------------------S ervices----------------------------------------------H elpers, trades, m aintenance----------------------M anufacturing-----------------------------------------Nonm anufacturing------------------------------------Public u tilities2 ---------------------------------Machine-tool operators, toolroom ___________ M anufacturing-----------------------------------------M achinists, m aintenance____________________ Manufacturing ______________________ ____ Mechanics, automotive (maintenance)________ M anufacturing-----------------------------------------Nonm anufacturing________________________ Public utilities 2 ---------------------------------Wholesale tra d e _______________________ Mechanics, maintenance ------------------------------M anufacturing-----------------------------------------Nonm anufacturing------------------------------------M illw rights--------------------------------------------------M anufacturing-----------------------------------------O ilers----------------------------------------------------------M anufacturing-----------------------------------------Painters, m aintenance---------------------------------M anufacturing-----------------------------------------N onm anufacturing------------------------------------Finanee 3 ______________________________ Pipefitters, m aintenance------------------------------M anufacturing-----------------------------------------See footnotes at end of table. Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— $2. 00 $2. 10 $2. 20 $2. 30 $2.40 $2. 50 $2. 60 $2. 70 $2. 80 ; $2. 90 ! $3. 00 $3. 10 $3. 20 $3. 30 $3.40 $3. 50 $3. 60 $3. 70 $3. 80 $3. 90 $4. 00 and and under 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2.40 2. 50 2. 60 2.70 2^80 2. 90 | 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30_ 3.40 3. 50 3. 60 3. 70 3. 80 3. 90 4. 00 over 1j 15 1 3 4 5 43 30 ! 12 30 21 21 26 307 123 283 5 7 3 6 10 ! 1 22 16 247 118 1 282 4 4 9 1 4 15 5 20 i 11 60 5 1 1 12 8 10 17 7 37 14 ; 1 10 46 5 8 5 2 1 12 13 6 ! 2ll 10 "1 " _ _ 1 1 33 1 30 4 51 33 19 21 19 9 109 404 551 810 1448 203 - 10 62 - 51 14 6 97 397 545 799 1438 25 19 1 30 1 1 12 11 10 141 4 6 8 3 19 19 - I 11 “ ' ~ 7 _ 142 11 11 27 20 6 25 35 45 10 13 6 53 26 38 13 33 81 ! 29 59 9 15 30 10 10 5 27 20 6 4 31 30 17 72 I 53 128 48 13 25 6 4 14 11 11 1 6 3 28 8 9 29 9 9 24 6 13 i 12 8 3 16 1i ~ 6 9 " ' _ . _ 12 . _ . _ _ 66 17 83 - 48 75 20 26 62 48 92 7 79 78 - 12 75 15 | 26 48 76 77 92 7 9 12 61 59 27 5 22 57 5 3 21 ' 3 I 1 ! 4 50 5 22 -; " " _ _ _ _ _ 4 _ _ _ _ _ 22 25 291 141 152 25 48 40 9 279 121 1 95 | 45 24 9 ---- 20 522 - ! 4 j1 ii14 12 - i 20 j 57 ! 3 16 5 l 5 9 - ’ l “ “ 18 j 48 . _ _ i1 _i _ 1 3 57 47 286 663 1248 196 58 9 136 1 3 8 136 57 47 286 663 1248 196 58 - 1 _ _ _ _ ! . 8i 7 _ _ 4 3 15 71 315 117 451 28 19 39 42 4 11 70 307 117 451 28 19 39 42 7 3 " " - i ! 8 . _ _ . _ 41 30 ! 26 47 45 61 450 414 93 161 12 1 9 12 41 136 135 10 1 10 10 40 144 1 3 41 20 i 16 37 33 20 314 279 53 17 9 9 2 2 16 j 32 18 242 231 2 1 13 53 42 40 4 7 39 - 1i " ' 14 _ _1 5 _ 15 6 24 1 42 15 8 18 76 314 299 289 342 1337 234 i 8 15 6 1 97 1 42 15 24 i 5: 8 i 6 76 2 34 288 287 339 1334 11 2 12 80 3 3 137 4 * 3| _ ! 6 ! 15 ! 34 i 53 405 382 1864 425 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 5 53 405 382 1860 425 " " " " - I 6 ] n r 34 _ j 7 _ . _ 2 3 2 12 20 12 4 59 377! 364 155 33 2 20 12 4 3 " - 1 7 ! 57 377 364 155 33 _ 27 ■ 18 52 13 2 4 3 1 11 16 23 I 6 160 103 60 187 138 5 1 6 ; 4 100 102 60 185 138 -! - 13 3 1 : 3 52 2 4 2 1' 24 1 18 ! 8 60 3 1 17 2_ 1 11 : 14 j 52 1i 2 |j 8 " ' " " 18 : 5 1 11 i _: _ _ _ _ 13 1 12 _ _ _ 7 _ . 496 215 73 ! 1166 10 5 3 157 1------- ~ ; 9 10 5 7 3 66 496 ! 215 ! 1164 8 97 Average hourly , Under earnings1 $ 2. 00 936 $2. 96 722 3. 01 214 2. 80 84 2. 81 70 2. 60 3, 747 3. 16 3,494 3. 16 253 3. 11 692 3. 05 506 3. 17 186 2. 71 98 2. 67 713 2. 57 596 2. 65 117 2. 12 77 1.92 757 2.45 607 2.46 150 2.40 82 2. 54 2, 704 3. 17 2,703 3. 17 1,119 3. 17 1, 106 3. 17 1, 390 2. 87 542 2. 93 848 2. 83 612 2. 89 160 2. 61 3, 033 3. 12 2, 778 3. 13 255 3. 09 3, 189 3. 10 3, 185 3. 10 1,050 2. 54 1,0.34 2. 55 824 2. 90 619 2. 95 205 2. 75 112 2. 79 2,157 3. 08 2, 080 3. 08 i i 1 10 Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations-Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , D e t r o it, M ic h . , J a n u a ry I960) N U M BER OF W O RK ERS RECE IVIN G ST R A IG H T-TIM E H OURLY E A RN ING S OF— Occupation and industry division Plum bers, maintenance -------------------------------M anufacturing____________________________ Sheet-m etal w orkers, m aintenance__________ M anufacturing____________________________ Tool and die m ak ers_________________________ M anufacturing____________________________ Number of workers Average hourly earnings1 Under $<t 2. 00 97 $2. 87 54 3. 09 446 3. 07 435 3. 08 5, 222 3. 28 5, 221 3. 28 " _ $2. 00 $2. 10 $2. 20 $2. 30 S2. 40 $2. 50 j $„2. 60 , iS2.70 ji $2.80 || $2.90 i $3.00 $3. 10 $3. 20 $3. 30 $3. 40 $3. 50 $3. 60 $3. 70 $3. 80 $3. 90 $ 4. 00 and and “ ” ~ " “ " ■ “ under 1 ' 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 | 2. 60 2. 70 2.80 2.90 3. 00 3.10 3. 20 I 3. 30 3. 40 3. 50 3. 60 3. 70 _3. 80 3. 90 4. 00 over r 2 - _ " _ 1 9 - - . _ 8 ! 1 10 i___ I _ •| _ i i - - 1 " 2 87 ! 87 20 12 24 23 44 44 9 7 60 52 17 17 7 18 8 6 18 8 107 241 3 9 107 241 3 9 244 | 408 1019 3258 244 408 1019 3257 - _ n o n o _ 5 5 _ 25 25 - _ 5 5 5 3 _ _ - _ - _ - ______ 1 ______ 1 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t il it i e s . 3 F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e . 4 W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s fo l lo w s : 4 at u n d e r $ 1 . 7 0 ; 14 at $ 1 . 7 0 to $ 1 . 8 0 ; 17 at $ 1 . 8 0 to $ 1 . 90; 15 at $ 1 . 9 0 to $ 2 . 5 W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s fo llo w s : 2 at $ 1 .5 0 to $ 1. 60; 10 at $ 1 . 6 0 t o $ 1 . 7 0 ; 9 at $ 1 . 7 0 to $ 1 . 8 0 ; 1 at $ 1 . 8 0 t o $ 1 . 9 0 . NOTE: S ee n ote on p . 4, r e la t iv e to the in c lu s io n o f r a il r o a d s . Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , D e t r o it, M ic h . , J a n u a ry I960) Occupation1 and industry division Elevator operators, passenger (men) ------------Nonmanufacturing ---------------------------------Elevator operators, passenger (women)_____ Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------traHp ^ Finanrp 5 .. . ..... . ..... fiprvirps Guards _________________________ ___________ M anufacturing____________________________ Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------Finance 5 --------------------------------------------- Number of workers Average hourly 2 Under earnings $1.00 169 65 625 613“ 107 392 94 3, 310 3, 046 264 148 $1.85 1. 35 1. 26 1.26 1.01 1. 29 1. 27 2. 56 2. 59 2. 20 1.93 48 48 4 48 _ - - NUM B ER OF W O RK ERS R E CE IVIN G S T R A IG H T-TIM E HOURLY E A RN ING S OF— $1.00 $1. 10 $1. 20 $1. 30 $1.40 $1. 50 $1.60 $1.. 70 $1.80 j| $1.90 $2. 00 $2. 10 $2. 20 $2. 30 $2.40 $2. 50 $2. 60 $2. 70 $2. 80 $2. 90 $3. 00 _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and under 90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2.40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2.90 3. 00 over 1. 10 1. 20 1. 30 1.40 1. 50 J . 60 F 70 1.80 51 51 37 14 21 21 59 59 6 46 7 2 2 71 71 9 62 - - - i______ See fo o t n o t e s at end o f ta b le, - 15 15 353 353 3 280 70 _ 2 2 2 28 16 16 7 5 1 26 i 5 24 - i 1 1 4 _ _ 3 _1 _ 3 !1 5 12 |i 20 2 20 2 1 5 12 2 j i 1 i 1 5 12 1 1 _ _ 39 13 26 1 2 -| -_ _ _ _ 68 45 56 12 45 26 12 - 18 ! 2 2 9 9 _ _ 34 24 10 73 51 22 10 18 1 1 - _ 43 81 2 - - 1 1 i i i _ _ _ - 143 1101 113 1046 30 55 753 751 2 _ 792 771 21 _ 1 1 - _ _ _ 216 216 - _ _ - ! _ “ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 5 - - - 11 Table A-4. Custodial and Material, Movement Occupations-Continued (A verage straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, D etroit, M ic h ., January I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— of N um ber workers Average hourly 2 earnings Janitors, porters, and cleaners (men) --------- 8, 815 Manufacturing ---------------------------------------- 6, 179 Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------- 2, 636 396 Public utilities 6 ........................................... 183 Wholesale trade -------------------------------Retail trade 3 ------------------------------------895 Finance5 ____________________________ 605 Services ____________________________ 557 Janitors, porters, and cleaners (women) ___ 2, 759 766 Manufacturing __________________________ Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------------------------------------- 1, 993 47 Public utilities 6 -----------------------------— -------------------Retail trade 3 __________________________________________ 269 Finance 5 _________________________________________________ 1, 096 Services ____________________________ 561 Laborers, m aterial handling ---------------------- 10, 908 Manufacturing ---------------------------------------- 7, 822 Nonmanufacturing ---------------------------------- 3, 086 Public utilities 6 ---------------------------- 1, 001 Wholesale trade -------------------------------- 1, 128 930 Retail trade 3 ________________________ $ 2. 07 2. 27 1.60 2. 05 1.97 1. 37 1.56 1.56 1.52 2. 03 1. 32 1.72 1. 19 1. 33 1. 33 2. 32 2. 37 2. 18 2.59 2. 15 1.79 Order fillers ______________________________ Manufacturing ---------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ---------------------------------Wholesale trade -------------------------------Retail trade 3 ------------------------------------Packers, shipping (men) ----------------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------Wholesale trade -------------------------------Packers, shipping (women) -------------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------------- 2, 121 722 1, 399 938 322 1, 350 1, 157 193 155 462 435 2. 33 2. 48 2. 25 2. 22 2. 30 2. 30 2. 33 2. 14 2. 28 2. 21 2. 26 Receiving clerks ---------------------------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing _______________________________________ Wholesale trade ------------------------------------------------------Retail trade 3 ----------------------------------------------------------------Shipping clerks ------------------------------- ------------------------------------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ---------------------------------Wholesale trade -------------------------------Shipping and receiving clerks ---------------------Manufacturing __________________________ Nonmanufacturing ................... -........................ Wholesale trade ........................................... 411 27 3 138 59 64 5 38 368 170 74 1, 362 984 378 228 2. 27 2. 48 2. 15 2. 61 1.89 2. 53 2. 61 2. 36 2. 61 2.48 2. 50 2.42 2. 38' See footnotes at end o f table. Under 00 37 37 37 _ _ - $1.00 $1. 10 $1. 20 $1. 30 $1.40 $1. 50 $1.60 , and under 1. 10 1. 20 1. 30 1.40 1.50 . 1.60 _ 1.70 105 218 105 218 70 94 _ 2 35 122 172 87 172 87 4 3 105 19 2 13 55 51 102 28 102 28 _ . 84 28 | 16 10 . _ 16 10 11 _ 6 6 2 10 _ . 448 313 264 42 4 70 378 271 260 8 12 16 | 18 12 114 j 106 30 134 128 203 114 11 3 300 132 13 13 11 10 2 290 119 5 1 2 18 93 1 3 263 1 24 ~ 82 53 109 - 72 82 53 37 8 9 45 ! 27 104 82 5 26 11 15 _ _ 5 26 15 23 1! 12 1 4 3 3 2 6 50 , 17 38 2 6 j 12 1 17 1 1 15 _ _ 5 18 -1 - 18 14 4 8 7 4 8 14 7 2 4 8 5 _ _ _ 5 5 " " _ _ _ - 239 239 ' 201 4 34 521 38 48 3 2 68 306 107 60 60 - j 60 !1 2 _ 2 2 1 1 4 7 7 ! 7 _ _ ' - j - _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ •_ _ _ _ _ . - - - _ - _ - _ - ! 239 19 220 5 7 144 52 12 885 91 794 8 56 675 55 104 104 | - i - 1 $2. 10 $2. 20 $2. 30 $2. 40 $2.50 $2. 60 $2. 70 $2. 80 $2. 90 ! $1.7° 1.80 $1. 90 $ i j 1 1.80 1.90 2. 00 2. 10_! 2. 20 . 2. _30_ 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 ^ 7 0 _ 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 oo Occupation1 and industry division 189 15 174 11 14 47 41 61 2 1 1 1 57 1 56 46 9 120 45 75 19 7 7 33 9 67 56 11 1 3 6 736 229 507 441 65 306 249 33 185 27 3 64 152 15 9 16 11 49 1 99 21 23 42 12 42 11 - - 266 161 252 89 14 72 1 6 55 8 16 44 -1 46 200 !-------j _ 3 ' 1 44 ; 46 197 42 ' 45 179 21 1 18 32 2 3 2 32 3 28 _ _ 7 7 " 2 10 6 2 10 6 1 7 3 6 1 4 3 143 3 14 1 7 _ _ 13 28 “ 28 13 12 28 1 85 ~ 78 77 1 21 19 2 6 6 6 6 31 31 14 18 9 9 7 655 1988 2684 498 124 67 614 1859 2577 481 104 59 41 129 107 17 20 8 11 118 20 15 10 61 1 2 2 7 11 8 1 2 14 3 18 6 6 6 _ 124 279 74 22 16 74 22 16 101 279 23 23 " 296 930 3700 1611 1243 1144 77 796 3257 1348 1130 448 219 134 443 263 113 696 48 112 100 81 645 7 32 51 71 60 166 87 141 26 165 70 " 76 139 45 106 205 1006 40 62 45 170 334 36 77 61 35 672 45 34 345 41 5 77 23 22 31 20 - 204 58 57 8 431 446 128 58 34 8 431 387 128 - 23 59 23 59 4 6 276 16 4 104 4 4 104 6 276 16 23 14 9 .9 41 8 33 46 9 37 28 64 64 - 22 13 9 62 40 22 - 3 3 1 2 5 3 2 49 21 28 20 24 24 - 19 18 1 " 789 683“ 106 90 138 122 16 8 8 228 223 5 " 173 82 91 14 63 42 21 20 1 66 44 22 14 51 42 9 5 40 40 - - _ - 74 74 2 72 36 11 25 25 33 9 24 24 _ ~ 19 3 16 13 2 29 5 24 20 40 29 11 1 2 30 2 30 - - - _ _ - - - - 118 24 113 5 24 5 - 24 " . 10 - 1 9 - 9 " 45 4 45 - 4 " 4 _ _ - 1 4 1 3 1 1 " 21 23 9 22 12 1 12 30 16 30 8 8 - 8 $3. 00 and ove r _ - - 10 10 49 49 _ _ 8 8 8 27 20 7 7 47 31 16 15 12 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations-Continued (A verage straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry d ivision , D etroit, M ich. , January I960) Occupation1 and, industry division Truckdrivers 7 _____________________________ M anufacturing___________________________ Nonmanufacturing_______________________ Public utilities 6 ______________________ Wholesale tra d e ---------------------------------Retail trade 3 _________________________ T ruckdrivers, light (under l 1/2 tons)_____ M anufacturing________________________ Nonm anufacturing____________________ Truckdrivers, medium (lV 2 to and including 4 to n s)__ •____________________ M anufacturing________________________ Nonm anufacturing____________________ Public utilities 6 ___________________ Retail trade 3 --------------------------------T ruckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type)-----------------------------------------M anufacturing------------------------------------Nonm anufacturing____________________ Public utilities 6 ----------------------------Wholesale trad e ____________________ T ruckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) -------------------------M anufacturing------------------------------------Nonm anufacturing____________________ Public utilities 6 ----------------------------T ruckers, power (forklift)__________________ M anufacturing----------------------------------------Nonm anufacturing_______________________ Public utilities 6 --------------------------------Wholesale trade ------------------- -----------Retail trade 3 _________________________ T ruckers, power (other than forklift)^---------W atchmen__________________________________ M anufacturing----------------------------------------N onm anufacturing-----------------------------------Public utilities 6 --------------------------------Retail trade 3 _________________________ S ervices--------------------------------------------- Number of workers NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Average hourly c- Under $1.and00 $1. 10 $1. 20 $1. 30 $1.40 $1. 50 $1. 60 $1. 70 $1. 80 $1. 90 $2. 00 $2. 10 $2. 20 $2. 30 $2.40 $2. 50 $2. 60 $2. 70 $2. 80 $2. 90 $3. 00 earnings and under 1. 10 1. 20 1. 30 1.40 1. 50 1. 60 1. 70 1. 80 1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2.40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 over 6,432 $2. 64 2, 609 2. 60 3,823 2. 67 1,785 2. 76 1,243 2. 57 666 2. 66 456 2. 39 297 2. 50 159 2. 17 _ - - - - 2 2 2 2 28 28 1 22 25 25 12 12 - 2 2 2, 201 1, 339 862 310 184 2. 56 2. 62 2.46 2. 62 2. 63 - - - - - - 3, 175 803 2, 372 1,248 688 2. 72 2. 60 2. 76 2. 80 2. 70 - - " “ - 276 58 218 144 3,878 3, 446 432 108 195 129 1,052 733 278 455 34 80 277 2. 72 2. 51 2. 77 2. 78 2.45 2.45 2.46 2. 58 2.45 2. 37 2. 53 1. 67 2. 05 1.44 2. 12 1. 39 1. 30 _ _ . _ 64 64 4 60 _ _ 79 79 8 71 _ _ 62 40 22 6 16 " _ _ 118 118 2 10 106 - 2 2 - i 1 Data lim ited to m en w ork ers except where otherw ise indicated. 2 E xcludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holid ays, and late 3 E xcludes data fo r 2 la rge departm ent s to r e s. 4 W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: 25 at $ 0 .8 0 to $ 0 .9 0 ; 23 at $ 0 .9 0 to $1. 5 F inan ce, insurance, and real estate. 6 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o th e r p u b lic u t il it i e s . 7 Includes all d riv e rs re g a rd le ss o f s ize and type of truck operated. 8 A ll w ork ers w ere at $ 3. 20 to $ 3. 30. NOTE: See note on p. 4, rela tive to the inclusion of ra ilro a d s. shifts. 12 12 9 9 1 2 7 7 2 2 1 2 2 13 13 12 1 1 235 30 205 3 197 5 38 30 8 82 18 64 42 18 22 22 190 182 8 8 6 6 3 3 3 - - - 12 12 - 132 132 - 60 18 42 - 139 349 137 179 2 170 2 6 3 - - - - 2 2 " - - 65 65 65 - “ _ 35 35 26 " 2 2 2 _ 31 31 5 3 _ 2 45 18 27 6 16 4 4 3 1 _ 32 21 11 2 4 3 3 3 . - _ 59 44 15 2 6 12 12 46 176 18 156 28 20 28 - 20 _ _ 1 7 3 1 4 1 7 - 4 655 601 4 32 519 223 82 200 25 7 17 16 40 85 57 76 53 4 9 908 1450 1583 621 338 ---- 461 287 1112 1537 13 36 1476 25 687 43 159 383 18 _ 112 66 108 26 4 40 - 463 280 183 167 16 155 147 8 5 - 281 134 147 145 232 159 200 28 32 131 - 130 17 76 45 31 31 " 267 203 64 16 8 401 378 23 13 989 1269 105 18 884 1251 10 1191 508 42 52 52 52 - 4 12 4 12 50 201 2257 50 181 2131 - 20 126 1 14 31 81 - 19 6 57 761 58 19 76 38 16 74 20 2 3 1 1 6 13 44 41 3 947 769 178 60 112 6 110 3 3 - 28 1 27 13 50 29 21 21 7 2 1 1 1 83 105 83 105 26 105 24 95 12 77 12 18 12 - 18 7 20 17 17 - - 9 9 76 45 45 - 392 207 185 21 161 3 19 4 15 9 9 - - - - - 61 9 52 _ 52 - 207 207 _ _ _ - - - _ _ 9 207 9 6207 - 14 14 _ 13 3 10 10 - - - 13 Appendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to a s s is t its field staff in classify in g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll title s and different work arrangem ents from establishm ent to establishm ent and from area to area. T his is e sse n tia l in order to perm it the grouping of occupational wage rates representing com parable job content. B ecause of this em phasis on interestablishm ent and interarea com parability of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishm ents or those prepared for other purposes | applying th e se job d escriptions, the Bureau’s field econom ists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, train ees, handicapped w orkers, part-tim e, temporary, and probationary w orkers. q O F F IC E BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR P repares statem ents, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electrom atic typew riter. May also keep records a s to billings or shipping charges or perform other c lerical work inciden tal to billing operations. For wage study purposes, b illers, m achine, are c lassified by type of m achine, a s follow s: Biller , machine (billing machine }— U ses a sp ecial billing ma chine (Moon H opkins, E llio tt F ish er, Burroughs, e tc ., w hich are com bination typing and adding m achines) to prepare b ills and in voices from custom ers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandum, etc. U sually involves application of prede term ined discounts and shipping charges and entry of n ecessary extensions, which may or may not be com puted on the billing ma chine, and to tals which are autom atically accum ulated by m achine. The operation usually involves a large number of carlxm copies of the b ill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold m achine. O perates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, E llio tt Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, N ational C ash R egister, with or w ith out a typew riter keyboard) to keep a record of b u sin ess tran sactio n s. Biller , machine (bookkeeping machine)— U se s a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, E llio tt F ish er, Remington Rand, e tc ., w hich may or may not have typew riter keyboard) to prepare custom ers’ b ills as part of the accounts receivable operation. G enerally in volves the sim ultaneous entry of figures on custom ers’ ledger record. The m achine autom atically accum ulates figures on a num ber of v ertical colum ns and computes and usually prints auto m atically the debit or credit b alan ces. D oes not involve a knowl edge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slip s. Class A — K eeps a se t of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and fam iliarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. D eter mines proper records and distribution of debit and credit item s to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated re ports, balance sh e e ts, and other records by hand. Class B — K eeps a record of one or more p h ases or sectio n s of a se t of records usually requiring little know ledge of b asic bookkeeping. P h ases or sections include accounts payable, pay roll, custom ers’ accounts (not including a sim ple type of billing described under biller, machine), co st distribution, expense d is tribution, inventory control, etc. May check or a s s is t in prep aration of trial balances and prepare control sh eets for the a c counting departm ent. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or ac countant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sectio n s of a com plete s e t of books or records relating to one phase of an e s tablishm ent’s b usiness transactions. Work involves posting and 14 CLERK, ACCOUNTING— Continued balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receiv able or accounts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouch ers with proper accounting distribution; requires judgment and ex perience in making proper assig n ation s and allocatio n s. May a s s is t in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; may direct c la ss B accounting clerks. Class B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine accounting operations such as posting sim ple journal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher reg isters; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a func tional b asis among several workers. CLERK, FILE Class A — R esponsible for m aintaining an estab lish ed filing system . C lassifies and indexes correspondence or other m aterial; may also file this m aterial. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or supervise others in filing and locating m aterial in the files. May perform incidental clerical d u ties. Class B — Performs routine filing, usually of m aterial that has already been classified , or locates or a s s is ts in locating ma terial in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives custom ers’ orders for m aterial or m erchandise by mail, phone, or personally. D uties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting prices to custom ers; making out an order sh eet listing the item s to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of item s on order sheet; distributing order sh eets to resp ective de partments to be filled. May check with credit departm ent to d eter mine credit rating of custom er, acknowledge receipt of orders from custom ers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes w ages of company em ployees and enters the n eces sary data on the payroll sh eets. D uties involve: C alculating workers* earnings based on time or production records; posting calcu lated data on payroll sh eet, showing information such as worker’s name, working days, tim e, rate, deductions for insurance, and to tal w ages due. May make out paychecks and a s s is t paym aster in making up and d istrib uting pay envelopes. May use a calculating m achine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Prim ary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform m athe m atical com putations. T his job is not to be confused with that of sta tistic a l or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon sib ilitie s, reproduces m ultiple copies of typew ritten or handwritten m atter, using a Mimeograph or D itto m achine. Makes necessary ad just ments such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare sten cil or Ditto m aster. May keep file of used sten cils or D itto m asters. May sort, co llate, and stap le com pleted m aterial. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory resp o n si b ilities, records accounting and sta tistic a l data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a num erical keypunch m achine, following w ritten information on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to m achine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office m achines such as sealers or m ailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work. 15 SECRETARY SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an adm inistrative or executive position. D uties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answ ering and making phone ca lls; handling personal and im portant or confidental mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiativ e; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine, and transcribing dictation or th e recorded information reproduced on a transcribing m achine. May pre pare sp ecial reports or memorandums for information of superior. In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single posi tion or monitor-type sw itchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular d u ties. T his typing or clerical work may take the major part of this w orker's time while at sw itchboard. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a type w riter. May also type from w ritten copy. May also s e t up and keep files in order, keep sim ple records, etc. Does not include transcribing machine work (see transcribing-m achine operator). STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine, involving a varied technical or sp ecialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scien tific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typew riter. May also type from w ritten copy. May also s e t up and keep files in order, keep sim ple records, etc. Does not include transcribing machine work. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR O perates a single- or m ultiple-position telephone sw itchboard. D uties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take m essag es. May give information to persons who c a ll in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see sw itchboard operator-receptionist. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR O perates machine that autom atically analyzes and tran slates information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints tran s lated data on forms or accounting records; se ts or ad justs m achine; does sim ple wiring of plugboards according to estab lish ed practice or diagram s; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine and sta rts machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. May, in addition, operate auxiliary m achines. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-m achine records. May also type from w ritten copy and do sim ple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or sp ecialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. TYPIST U ses a typew riter to make copies of various m aterial or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May do clerical work involving little sp ecial training, such a s keeping sim ple records, filing records and reports or sorting and distributing incoming mail. 16 TYPIST— Continued Class A— Perform s one or more of the following: Typing ma terial in final form from very rough and involved draft; copying from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent and varied use of tech n ical and unusual words or from foreign-language copy; combining m aterial from sev eral sources, or planning layout of com plicated s ta tis tic a l tables to m aintain uniformity and balance TYPIST— Continued in spacing; typing tab les from rough draft in final form. May type routine form letters, varying d etails to su it circum stances. Class B— Performs one or more of the following: Typing from relatively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance p o licies, etc ., setting up sim ple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already s e t up and spaced properly. PROFESSIO NAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued (A ssistan t draftsm an) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by d rafts man or others for engineering, construction, or m anufacturing purposes. U ses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare draw ings from sim ple plans or sk etch es, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsm an. w riting specifications; making adjustm ents or changes in drawings or sp ecifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil draw ings, prepare d etail units of complete draw ings, or trace draw ings. Work is frequently in a sp ecialized field such as architectural, electrical, m echanical, or structural drafting. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) P lans and directs activ ities of one or more draftsm en in prep aration of working plans and d etail drawings from rough or prelim inary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. D uties involve a combination of the following: Interpreting blueprints, sk etch es, and w ritten or verbal orders; determ ining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problem s. May a s s is t subordinates during em ergencies or as a regular assignm ent, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad m inistrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and d etail drawings from n o tes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur po ses. D uties involve a combination of the following: Preparing work ing plans, d etail draw ings, m aps, c ro ss-se c tio n s, e tc ., to scale by use of drafting instrum ents; making engineering com putations such as those involved in strength of m aterials, beams and tru sses; verifying com pleted work, checking dim ensions, m aterials to be used, and q u an tities; A registered nurse who gives nur&ing service to ill or injured em ployees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the prem ises of a factory or other establishm ent. D uties involve a combinar tion of the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending vO subsequent dressing of em ployees’ injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for com pensation or other purposes; conducting physical exam inations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environm ent, or other activ ities affecting the health, w elfare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. U ses T-square, com pass, and other drafting too ls. May prepare sim ple draw ings and do sim ple lettering. 17 MAINTENANCE D POW ERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Performs the carpentry duties n ecessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipm ent such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, sta irs, casin gs, and trim made of wood in an establishm ent. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, draw ings, m odels, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instrum ents; making standard shop com putations relating to dim ensions of work; selectin g m aterials nec essary for the work. In general, the work of the m aintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. F ires stationary boilers to furnish the establishm ent in which employed with heat, power, or steam . F eeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a m echanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a s s is t in repairing boilerroom equipm ent. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the in stallatio n , m aintenance, or repair of equipm ent for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishm ent. Work involves most of the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipm ent such as generators, transform ers, sw itchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit system s, or other transm ission equipment; working from blueprints, draw ings, lay out, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical system or equipm ent; working standard com putations relating to load requirem ents of wiring or electrical equipm ent; using a variety of electrician ’s handtools and m easuring and testin g instrum ents. In gen eral, the work of the m aintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY O perates and m aintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (m echanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishm ent in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: O perating and m aintaining equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipm ent, steam boilers and boiler-fed w ater pumps; making equipm ent repairs; keeping a record of operation of m achinery, tem perature, and fuel consum ption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded. HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or more workers in the skilled m aintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of le sse r sk ill, such as keeping a worker supplied with m aterials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipm ent; assistin g worker by holding m aterials or tools; performing other unskilled task s as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is perm itted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-tim e b asis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling m achines in the construction of m achine-shop tools, gauges, jig s, fixtures, or d ies. Work involves most of the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing item s requiring com plicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision m easuring instrum ents; selectin g feeds, sp eed s, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustm ents during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dim ensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, m achine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classificatio n . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacem ent parts and new parts in making repairs of m etal parts of m echanical equipment operated in an establishm ent. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instructions and sp ecificatio n s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma ch in ist’s handtools and precision m easuring instrum ents; settin g up and 18 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of m etal parts to close toler ances; making standard shop com putations relating to dim ensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common m etals; selecting standard m aterials, p arts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assem bling parts into me chanical equipm ent. In general, the m achinist’s work normally requires a rounded training in m achine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) R epairs autom obiles, b uses, m otortrucks, and tractors of an e s tablishm ent. Work involves most of the following: Examining autom otive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassem bling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as w renches, gauges, d rills, or sp ecialized equipment in disassem bling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassem bling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustm ents; alining w heels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the autom otive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE R epairs machinery or m echanical equipment of an establishm ent. Work involves most of the following: Examining m achines and mechan ical equipm ent to diagnose source of trouble; dism antling or partly d is m antling m achines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing w ritten specificatio n s for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassem bling ma chines; and making all n ecessary adjustm ents for operation. In general, the work of a m aintenance m echanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classificatio n are workers whose primary duties involve settin g up or adjusting m achines. MILLWRIGHT In stalls new m achines or heavy equipment and dism antles and in sta lls m achines or heavy equipm ent when changes in the plant layout MILLWRIGHT— Continued are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop com putations re lating to s tre sse s, strength of m aterials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipm ent; selectin g standard tools, equipm ent, and parts to be used; installing and m aintaining in good order power transm ission equipm ent such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the m ill w right's work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. OILER L ubricates, with oil or g rease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of m echanical equipm ent of an establishm ent. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE P ain ts and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishm ent. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu lia rities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and in terstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the m aintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE In stalls or repairs water, steam , g as, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishm ent. Work involves most of the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other w ritten specifications; cutting various siz e s of pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven m achines; assem bling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop com putations relating to p ressures, flow, and size of pipe required; making standard te sts to determ ine whether finished pipes meet specifications- .In general, the work of the m aintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. 19 TOOL AND DIE MAKER PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishm ent in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installatio n of vents and traps in plumbing system ; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’s snake. In general, the work of the m aintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE F ab ricates, in stalls, and m aintains in good repair the sheetm etal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chu tes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishm ent. Work involves most of the following: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-m etal m aintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-m etal-w orking m achines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; installin g sheetm etal articles as required. In general, the work of the m aintenance sheet-m etal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (D iem aker; jig maker; toolm aker; fixture maker; gauge maker) C onstructs and repairs m achine-shop tools, gauges, jig s, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from m odels, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and w ritten sp ecificatio n s; using a variety of tool and die maker’s handtools and precision m eas uring instrum ents, understanding of the working properties of common m etals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipm ent; making necessary shop com putations relating to dim ensions of work, sp eed s, feeds, and tooling of m achines; heattreating of m etal parts during fabrication as w ell as of finished tools and dies to achieve required q u alities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assem bling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selectin g appropriate m aterials, tools, and p ro cesses. In general, the tool and die maker’s work requires a rounded training in m achine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classificatio n . C U S T O D IA L A N D M A T E R IA L M O V E M E N T ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER T ransports passengers between floors of an office building, apartm ent house, departm ent store, hotel or sim ilar establishm ent. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. GUARD JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued or other establishm ent. D uties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipm ent, furniture, or fix tu res;p o lish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor m ainte nance serv ices; cleaning lavatories, show ers, and restroom s. Workers who sp ecialize in window w ashing are excluded. Performs routine police du ties, either at fixed post or on tour, m aintaining order, using arms or force where n ecessary . Includes gate- men who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING other persons entering. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; jan itress) C leans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or prem ises of an office, apartm ent house, or commercial (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a w arehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishm ent whose duties involve one or more of the follow ing: Loading and unloading various m aterials and m erchandise on or 20 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting dev ices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing m aterials or m erchandise in proper storage location; tran s porting m aterials or m erchandise by hand truck, c a r,'o r wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded, ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; w arehouse stockm an) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored m erchandise in accordance with specifications on sa le s slip s, custom ers * orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating item s filled or om itted, keep records of outgoing orders, req u isi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. PACKER, SHIPPING P repares finished products for shipm ent or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, siz e, and number of units to be packed, the type of container em ployed, and method of shipm ent. Work requires the placing of item s in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various item s of stock in order to verify content; selectio n of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other m aterial to prevent breakage or dam age; closing and sealing container; applying lab els or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded, SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK P repares m erchandise for shipm ent, or receives and is respon sible for incom ing shipm ents of m erchandise or other m aterials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, p ractices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting w eight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or a s s is t in preparing the m erchandise for shipm ent. Receiving work involves: V eri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipm ents ag ain st b ills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing m erchandise or m aterials to proper de partm ents; m aintaining necessary records and file s. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follow s: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER D rives a truck within a city or ind u strial area to transport ma terials, m erchandise, equipm ent, or men betw een various tvpes of e sta b lishm ents such a s: M anufacturing plants, freight depots, w arehouses, w holesale and retail establishm ents, or betw een retail establishm ents and customers* houses or places of b u sin ess. May also load or unload truck with or w ithout helpers, make minor m echanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipm ent, as follow s: (T ractor-trailer should be rated on the b asis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination o f s iz e s lis te d separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1% tons) Truckdriver, medium (1 % to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER O perates a manually controlled gaso lin e- or electric-pow ered truck or tractor to transport goods and m aterials of all kinds about a w arehouse, m anufacturing plant, or other establishm ent. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follow s: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of prem ises periodically in protecting property ag ainst fire, theft, and illeg al entry. * U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1960 0 — 547708 Occupational Wage Surveys O ccupational wage surveys are being conducted in 60 major labor m arkets during late 1959 and early I960. T hese bulletins, when av ailable, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D .C., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown below. A summary bulletin containing data for all labor m arkets, combined with additional an aly sis, w ill be issu ed early in 1961. B ulletins for the areas listed below are now available. C leveland, Ohio, Septem ber 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-1, price 20 cents Seattle, Wash., A ugust 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-2, price 25 cents D allas, T ex., October 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-3, price 20 cents Buffalo, N.Y., October 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-4, price 20 cents St. L ouis, Mo., October 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-5, price 25 cents Miami, F la., December 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-6, price 20 cents Baltimore, Md., September 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-7, price 15 cents Boston, M ass., October 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-8, price 25 cents Dayton, Ohio, December 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-9, price 25 cents Canton, Ohio, December 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-10, price 25 cents Denver, Colo., Decem ber 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-11, price 25 cents Portland, Maine, November 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-12, price 20 cents Fort Worth, T ex., November 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-13, price 25 cents Jacksonville, F la ., December 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-14, price 25 cents San Bernardino-R iverside-O ntario, C alif., November 1959— BLS Bull. 1265-15, price 25 cents
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