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Occupational Wage Survey CHATTANOOGA, TEN NE SSE E -G EO RGIA SEPTEM BER 1960 Bulletin No. 1285-14 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR lames P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE-GEORGIA SEPTEMBER 1960 Bulletin No. 1285-14 December I960 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington 25, D.C. Price 25 cents Contents Preface Page The Community Wage Survey Program Introduction The Bureau of Labor Statistics regularly conducts areawide wage surveys in a number of important industrial centers. The studies, made from late fall to early spring, relate to occupational earnings and related supplementary benefits. A prelim inary report is available on completion of the study in each area, usually in the month following the payroll period studied. This bulletin provides additional data not included in the earlier report. A consolidated analytical bulletin summarizing the results of all of the year's surveys is issued after completion of the final area bulletin for the current round of surveys. 1 Tables: 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey ------------------- 2 A: Occupational earnings:* A - 1. Office occupations -------------------------------------------------------------A - 2 . P rofessional and technical occupations------------------------------A - 3.Maintenance and powerplant occupations--------------------------------A - 4.Custodial and m aterial movement occupations----------------------- 4 5 6 7 B. This report was prepared in the Bureau's regional office in Atlanta, Ga. , by Donald M. C ruse, under the direction of Louis B. Woytych, A ssistan t Regional Director for Wages and Industrial Relations. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions:* B -l. Shift differentials -------------------------------------------------------------B -2 . Minimum entrance salaries for women office workers ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------B -3 . Scheduled weekly hours --------------------------------------------------------B - 4. Paid holidays -----------------------------------------------------------------B - 5. Paid vacations ----------------------------------------------------------------B - 6. Health, insurance, and pension p la n s---------------------------------- Appendix: Occupational descriptions --------------------------------------------------------- * NOTE: Sim ilar tabulations for these items are available in the reports for surveys in other m ajor a reas. A d irec tory indicating date of study and the price of the reports, is available upon request. Union sca le s, indicative of prevailing pay lev els, are also available for seven selected building trades in the Chattanooga area. iii 9 10 10 11 12 14 15 Occupational Wage Survey—Chattanooga, Tenn.-Ga. Introduction This area is one of several important industrial centers in which the U. S. Department of Labor rs Bureau of Labor Statistics has conducted surveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an areawide basis. In this area, data were obtained by personal visits of Bureau field economists to representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation,1 communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and serv ices. M ajor in dustry groups excluded from these studies are government operations and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers are omitted also because they furnish insufficient employment in the occupations studied to w ar rant inclusion. Wherever possible, separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions. These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of sm all establishments is studied. In combining the data, how ever, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estim ates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as r e lating to all establishments in the industry grouping and area, ex cept for those below the minimum size studied. Occupations and Earnings The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational c la s sification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestablishment variation in duties within the same job. (See appendix for listing of these descriptions.) Earnings data are presented (in the A -s e r ie s tables) for the following types of occupa tions: (a) Office clerical; (b) professional and technical; (c) mainte nance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and m aterial movement. late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded also, but c o s t-o fliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, as for office clerical occupations, reference is to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-tim e salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar. Average earnings of men and women are presented separately for selected occupations in which both sexes are commonly employed. Differences in pay levels of men and women in these occupations are largely due to (1) differences in the distribution of the sexes among industries and establishments; (2) differences in specific duties p e r formed, although the occupations are appropriately classified within the same survey job description; and (3) differences in length of se r v ice or m erit review when individual salaries are adjusted on this basis. Longer average service of men would result in higher average pay when both sexes are employed within the same rate range. Job descriptions used in classifying employees in these surveys are usu ally more generalized than those used in individual establishments to allow for minor differences among establishments in specific duties performed. Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actu ally surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occu pational structure do not m aterially affect the accuracy of the earn ings data. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Information is presented also (in the B -s e r ie s tables) on s e lected establishment practices and supplementary benefits as they r e Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for late to office and plant workers. The term "o ffice workers, " as used in this bulletin, includes working supervisors and nonsupervisory fu ll-tim e workers, i. e. , those hired to work a regular weekly sched workers performing clerical or related functions, and excludes admin ule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude istrative, executive, and professional personnel. "Plant w orkers" in premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and clude working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in nonoffice functions. Administrative, executive, and professional em ployees, and force-account construction 1 Railroads, form erly excluded from the scope of these studies, were included in all of the areas studied since July 1959, except employees who are utilized as a separate work force are excluded. Baltim ore, Buffalo, Cleveland, and Seattle. Railroads are now in Cafeteria workers and routemen are excluded in manufacturing indus cluded in the scope of all labor-m arket wage surveys. tries, but are included as plant workers in nonmanufacturing industries. 2 Table Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Chattanooga, T e n n .-G a . Industry division A ll divisions ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------------ ------------- Transportation, communication, and other public utilities 5 --------------------------------------------------------------Wholesale trade ___________________________________________ Retail trade -------------------------------------------------------------------------Finance, insurance, and real estate -----------------------------S e r v ic e s7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ - Minimum employment in establish ments in scope of study Number of establishments W ithin scope of study 3 by m ajor industry division,2 September I960 W orkers in establishments Within scope of study Studied Studied Total 4 Office Plant T o ta l4 50 199 94 51. 600 5, 500 39, 300 35, 940 50 50 126 73 53 41 38, 900 12, 700 2, 700 2, 800 31, 700 7, 600 26, 170 9, 770 50 50 50 50 50 10 10 30 8 15 10 5 13 6 7 3, 300 800 4, 300 2, 500 1, 800 400 (6) 0 (6) (6) 2, 000 ( 6) (6) (6) (6) 3, 300 450 3, 030 2, 040 950 1 The Chattanooga Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (Hamilton County, T e n n ., and W alker County, G a .). The "w orkers within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estim ates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to m easure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) sm all establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division. M ajor changes from the earlier edition (used in the Bureau's labor market wage surveys conducted prior to July 1958) are the transfer of m ilk pasteurization plants and ready-m ixed concrete establishments from trade (wholesale or retail) to manufacturing, and the transfer of radio and television broadcasting from services to the transportation, communication, and other public utilities division. 3 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the m inim um -size limitation. A ll outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service, and motion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment. 4 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories. 5 Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation were excluded. Chattanooga's electric utilities are municipally operated, and are therefore excluded by definition from the scope of the studies. 6 This industry division is represented in estim ates for "a ll industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A and B tables. Separate presentation of data for this division is not made for one or m ore of the following reasons: (1) Employment in the divisions is to sm all to provide enough data to m erit separate study, (2) the sample was not designed initially toperm it separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to perm it separate presentation, (4) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishment data. 7 Hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair shops; motion pictures; nonprofit m em bership organizations; and engineering and architectural services. 3 Shift differential data (table B - l ) are limited to manufacturing industries. This information is presented both in term s of (a) estab lishment p o lic y ,2 presented in terms of total plant worker em ploy ment, and (b) effective practice, presented on the basis of workers actually employed on the specified shift at the time of the survey. In establishments having varied differentials, the amount applying to a m ajority was used or, if no amount applied to a m ajority, the c la s sification "other*' was used. In establishments in which some la teshift hours are paid at normal rates, a differential was recorded only if it applied to a m ajority of the shift hours. Minimum entrance rates (table B -2) relate only to the estab lishments visited. They are presented on an establishment, rather than on an employment basis. Paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans are treated statistically on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or office workers if a m a jority of such workers are eligible or may eventually qualify for the practices listed. Scheduled hours are treated statistically on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or office workers if a majority are covered. 3 Because of rounding, sums of individual items in these tabulations may not equal totals. The first part of the paid holidays table presents the num ber of whole and half holidays actually provided. The second part combines whole and half holidays to show total holiday tim e. Data are presented for all health, insurance, and pension plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the em ployer, excepting only legal requirements such as workmen's compensation, social security, and railroad retirem ent. Such plans include those underwritten by a com m ercial insurance company and those provided through a union fund or paid directly by the employer out of current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is lim ited to that type of in surance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes. However, in New York and New Jersey, which have enacted tem porary disability insurance laws which require e m ployer contributions,4 plans are included only if the employer (1) con tributes m ore than is legally required, or (2) provides the employee with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick -leave plans are lim ited to form al plans 5 which provide full pay or a proportion of the w orker's pay during absence from work because of illn ess. Separate tabulations are provided according to (1) .plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of workers who are provided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an unduplicated total is shown of workers who receive either or both types of benefits. The summary of vacation plans is limited to form al arrange ments, excluding informal plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the employer. Separate estimates are provided according to employer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time payments, percent of annual earnings, or fla t-su m amounts. However, in the tabulations of vacation allowances, payments not on a time basis were converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 week's pay. Catastrophe insurance, som etim es referred to as extended medical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to protect employees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the normal coverage of hospitalization, m edical, and surgical plans. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial, payment of doctors* fees. Such plans may be underwritten by com m er cial insurance companies or nonprofit organizations or they may be self-in su red . Tabulations of retirem ent pension plans are limited to those plans that provide monthly payments for the remainder of the w orker's life. 2 An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the following conditions: (1) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had form al provisions covering late shifts. 3 Scheduled weekly hours for office workers (first section of table B -3) in surveys made prior to July 1957 were presented in term s of the proportion of women office workers employed in offices with the indicated weekly hours for women workers. 4 The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. 5 An establishment was considered as having a form al plan if it established at least the minimum number of days of sick leave that could be expected by each employee. Such a plan need not be written, but informal sick -lea ve allowances, determined on an individual basis, were excluded. A* Occupational Earnings 4 Table A-1. Office Occupations (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Chattanooga, Tenn. -G a. , September I960) A ra u si Number of workers S ex , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d iv is io n NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNING8 OF— $ $ $ 4 0. 00 4 5. 00 50. 00 55. 00 and u n d er 4 5. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 0 0 < Weekly hour*1 (Standard) (Standard) U n der $ 4 0. 00 S 00 65. 00 65. 00 7 0. 00 60. S 7 0. 00 7 5. 00 $ 75. 00 *80. 80. 00 00 8 5. 00 $ $ 85. 00 9 0 . 9 0. 00 00 9 5. 00 S *95. 00 f o o . 1 0 0 .0 0 00 1 0 5 .0 0 11 0 .0 0 115. 00 105. 00 11 0 .0 0 115. 00 12 0 . 00 1 2 0 . 00 and over M en C l e r k s , a cc o u n tin g , c l a s s A _ ---------------- -------- --------M a n u fa ctu r in g ---------- ------------------------------------- 34 28 4 0. 0 4 0. 0 $ 9 7 . 50 9 9. 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 4 3 C l e r k s , o r d e r ________ _____ ___________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g __________________________________________ 20 4 0. 0 4 0. 0 8 0. 0 0 7 8. 00 _ _ 15 - - 2 2 1 1 - 1 1 32 26 39. 5 39. 0 55. 50 54. 50 _ 13 2 7 _ 2 _ _ - 11 2 6 - 1 - - T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A ----------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________ _____ ________________ 23 39. 5 4 0. 0 105. 00 1 1 3 .0 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 - - - - - - - T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ----------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g _______ __ --------------------------------------- 27 39. 5 4 0. 0 7 3. 00 7 3. 50 _ _ _ _ 5 - - - 2 2 1 - 5 5 - _ l _ 2 9 3 N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g -------- --------- -------- ----- _ ---------- 16 16 _ _ 1 _ _ - - _ _ _ - - 2 2 10 8 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 _ 3 l _ 4 3 3 _ 2 1 1 8 - 1 - 2 6 _ _ . _ _ 6 - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 4 3 1 2 _ 1 - 1 1 2 4 8 _ 1 7 - _ _ _ _ 3 - 1 5 5 3 1 2 - _ _ _ 2 2 7 7 _ 1 1 - - 38 8 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - _ _ . _ - - - - - W om en B i l l e r s , m a ch in e (b o o k k e e p in g m a ch in e ) ______________ 16 4 0. 0 63. 50 1 1 2 B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A -------------------N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g _____________________________________ 35 40. 0 40. 0 7 2 . 50 7 1 .0 0 - - - 1 2 2 5 5 6 6 6 21 B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B _____________ N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g _____________________________________ 103 94 40. 0 40. 0 52. 50 52. 00 4 4 12 12 20 28 28 23 17 12 12 3 3 1 1 C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s A ____________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ----------------------------------- ------------------ — N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ------- --------------------------- ---------------- 59 36 23 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 7 6 . 00 7 8. 00 7 2. 50 _ " _ - _ " _ - 4 7 9 2 2 2 6 7 5 5 3 C l e r k s , a cc o u n tin g , c l a s s B -------- ------------------ — M a n u fa ctu r in g _____________________________________ ___ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ------ __ — — ----- __ __ --------- 143 80 63 39. 5 40. 0 39. 5 6 1 .0 0 67. 0 0 53. 00 _ - 2 17 33 - 2 6 24 14 - 2 15 27 10 24 15 9 C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s A --------------------------------------------------------- 37 38. 5 56. 50 _ _ 8 10 4 C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s B ---------- -------- ----------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ___________________________________ __ __ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g --------------------------------- ------------- — 112 39. 0 39. 5 38. 5 4 8 . 00 52. 50 4 7 . 50 1 25 9 8 6 1 25 25 50 - 44 16 8 28 40. 0 4 0. 0 6 2. 0 0 6 2. 50 114 91 23 4 0. 0 40. 0 39. 0 130 70 60 27 C l e r k s , o r d e r _________ __ ----------------M a n u fa ctu r in g __ ------------- -------C l e r k s , p a y r o ll -----------------— -------- --------- __________________ _____________ N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ------ __ _ __ ----------------------------------------------- K e y p u n ch o p e r a t o r s _ ----- ----- __ __ ---------- -------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ---------- -------- __ --------------------- --------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ____________ ___________ __ --------O ffic e g ir ls _____ ______ _________________________ ____ S e c r e t a r ie s ------ __ ----- -------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g _ ---------- ----------------- ------------- --------N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g _ ------- ----- ---------- -------------------- 17 95 29 333 228 105 17 - - - - - “ - - - - - - 5 1 1 6 2 5 3 _ - 1 1 .. - _ _ _ _ 2 14 9 5 3 2 - 1 - - 9 9 - 14 14 - 7 7 - 13 13 - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - * - - 10 3 2 _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ 2 1 1 - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - 2 2 1 1 _ _ 1 1 _ _ 1 1 - - - - - 3 3 _ - _ - _ - 1 _ - _ - _ - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 3 3 9 6 6 3 3 1 1 - - _ _ 6 “ 5 4 4 2 - 2 8 8 2 2 1 1 6 5. 00 64. 50 6 6 . 00 _ - 1 11 10 18 17 12 25 22 15 9 1 1 7 5 9 7 3 2 6 39. 0 4 0. 0 38. 5 55. 50 59. 0 0 5 1 .0 0 3 3 37 16 14 13 7 5 1 21 31 14 17 27 - 2 5 5 - 39. 0 4 8 . 00 _ 13 4 6 4 . _ _ 4 0. 0 40. 0 39. 5 7 6. 50 7 8. 50 7 3 . 00 25 - 5 5 7 - 1 6 22 50 33 17 39 23 16 34 24 55 39 16 1 1 12 15 3 . 1 10 _ - 6 6 8 6 2 9 9 - 1 - _ - _ _ 1 _ 24 14 36 24 11 10 12 15 4 5 17 14 3 10 1 2 1 ' See footnotes at end of table. 5 Table A-l. Office Occupations-Continued (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Chattanooga, T e n n .-G a ., September I960) Ay u i o i Number of workeri S ex, o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF— 40. 00 $ 45. 00 45. 00 50. 00 9 Weekly boon 1 (Standard) Weekly ^ U n der (Standard) 4 0. 00 9 50. 00 t 55. 00 55. 00 6 0 .0 0 6 5. 00 $ 70. 00 $ 75. 00 - - - - 6 5 .0 0 70. 00 75. 00 t * 60. 00 80. $ 8 0. 00 $ 00 8 5. 00 $ 90 . 00 - - - 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 $ 95. 00 1 0 0 .0 0 $ s $ $ 1 0 5 .0 0 n o . oo 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 and 1 0 5 .0 0 n o . oo 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 o v e r 9 10 0 .0 0 - W o m e n — C on tin u ed _ - S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l --------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ---------------- ----------------------------- -----------N on m a n u fa ctu rin g -------------------------------------------------------- 211 139 72 39. 5 4 0. 0 3 9 .0 S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r s ------ -------- ----------------------------- _ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g -------------------------------------------------------- 44 33 4 2. 0 4 2. 5 54. 50 49. 00 S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n is t s ----------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g --------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g -------------------------------------------------------- 83 60 23 4 0. 0 4 0. 0 39. 5 5 9. 50 6 0. 50 56. 50 _ - . _ $ . 50 64. 50 7 1. 00 66 4 36 3 9 .5 66 86 3 8 .5 56. 50 T y p is t s , c l a s s A --------------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g __________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g -------------------------------------------------------- 55 28 27 3 9 .0 4 0. 0 3 8 .5 64. 50 71. 50 5 7. 00 . - T y p is t s , c l a s s B -------------------------- ------------- ----------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ________________ - ________________________ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g -------------------------------------------------------- 253 57 196 38. 5 4 0 .0 38. 5 4 9. 50 55. 00 48. 00 1 Standard Workers Workers Workers 17 12 39 27 5 24 17 7 12 35 31 4 27 10 6 _ 5 5 - 2 2 2 4 2 2 6 14 11 6 8 - 6 9 4 5 10 1 15 15 - ------------------ 16 - ----------------- T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s C T r a n s c r ib in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l 3 1 2 00 - 5 4 _ 1 5 - - 19 8 10 1 11 8 7 9 1 1 - - - - - - 1 _ - _ - _ - l l _ _ . _ _ _ - 1 - - - - 2 4 _ 6 . " 2 _ 4 7 1 . - 2 11 11 11 4 4 - - 7 3 4 2 2 1 1 - _ _ - - - - 16 7 9 20 16 4 - - 11 51 15 36 - _ - 4 125 16 109 - - 11 1 - 4 3 2 4 3 _ - _ 18 9 . _ _ 11 10 1 . _ _ 12 - _ _ _ 2 11 _ _ - 13 _ 13 _ 23 - 1 1 4 4 1 2 _ - 2 12 4 37 37 1 17 5 7 18 15 3 20 6 _ 1 2 _ _ _ _ - - - _ - _ _ - - - - - - - _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - hours reflect the workweekfor which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. were distributed as follows: 3 at $ 1 35 to $ 140; 1 at $ 140 to $ 145; 2 at $ 145 to $ 150; 1 at $ 150 to$ 155. were distributed as follows 2 at $ 120 to $ 125; 5 at $ 1 30 to $ 1 35; 1 at $ 1 35 to $ 140. were distributed as follows 1 at $ 25 to $ 30; 12 at $ 30 to $ 35; 2 at $ 35 to $ 40. Table A-2. Professional qnd Technical Occupations (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Chattanooga, T en n .-G a., September I960) A v iu a i N u m ber S ex , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n at w orkers W e e k ly houn 1 (S ta n da rd ) W e e k ly x (Sta n da rd) N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S O F— 9 9 55. 00 and under 60. 0 0 60. 9 $ S 125. 00 130. 00 80. 00 8 5. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 0 0 - 85. 00 _ _ _ _ _ " " 8 8 6 6 22 22 17 17 15 15 18 18 8 8 4 4 12 12 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ - 1 1 - 65. 00 $ S 9 $ 9 75. 00 65. 00 9 90 $ 9 70. 00 00 . 00 95. 00 - - 90. 00 95. 00 1 0 0 .0 0 - S 1 0 0 .0 0 - 9 < 1 0 5 .0 0 n o . oo 1 1 5 .0 0 - - - 1 0 5 .0 0 n o . oo 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 . 00 1 2 0 . 00 1 2 5 .0 0 130. 00 and over M en D r a ft s m e n , s e n io r ------------- ---------- ------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g --------------------------------------------------------------- no no 40. 0 4 0. 0 $ 1 1 3 .0 0 1 13.00 _ 4 0. 0 4 0. 0 88.5 0 88.5 0 2 2 _ - W om en N u r s e s , in d u s t r ia l ( r e g i s t e r e d ) ------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g --------------------------------------------------------------- 24 24 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. _ 6 Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t -t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a tio n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s i s b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , C h a tta n o o g a , T e r m .—G a . , S e p te m b e r I9 6 0 ) NU M B ER OF W O RK ER S R E CE IVIN G ST R A IG H T -T IM E HOURLY EA RN IN G S OF— O c c u p a tio n and in d u s tr y d iv is io n C a r p e n t e r s , m a in te n a n c e -------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu r in g _________________________________ E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a in te n a n c e _______________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g _________________________________ E n g in e e r s , s t a tio n a r y ---------------------------------------------- F i r e m e n , s t a tio n a r y b o ile r ______________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g ___________________________________ H e l p e r s , t r a d e s , m a in te n a n c e ----------------------------M a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------------- ------ --------- M a c h in is t s , m a in te n a n c e ----- -----------------------------M a n u fa c tu r in g ------------------------------------------------------- M e c h a n ic s , a u to m o tiv e (m a in te n a n c e ) ---------M a n u fa c tu r in g ------------------------------------------------------- Number of workers 42 40 Average hourly . earnings % 1 .0 0 and u n d er 1. 10 $ 1. 10 $ 1. 20 $ 1. 30 $ 1 .4 0 1 .2 0 1. 30 1 .4 0 1. 50 1 .7 0 70 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1. 9 0 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 2 . 00 V _ 2 1 _ _ _ 95 91 1 .4 8 1. 50 2 24 21 24 24 7 7 5 5 5 4 8 8 “ 1 1 2 . 14 2 . 14 . " 2 2 _ 2 . 60 2 . 60 _ _ _ _ “ ■ 2 . 10 2 . 05 _ _ _ _ _ 2 16 " ~ " “ " 16 _ _ _ _ _ ~ “ “ 3 3 _ " _ . . ~ ■ " . 10 10 . ■ ~ ~ 1 1 8 8 _ _ _ _ “ ■ “ _ _ _ 2 . 03 2. 02 8 8 P a i n t e r s , m a in te n a n c e ____________________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g ___________________________________ 67 67 2 . 30 2 . 30 _ P i p e f i t t e r s , m a in te n a n c e _________________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g ------------------------------------------------------- 43 43 2. 75 2. 75 . 2 . 73 2. 73 _ 62 62 _ “ _ “ E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s In c lu d e s 3 w o r k e r s at $ 0 . 8 0 to $ 0 . 9 0 . _ _ h o lid a y s , and la te 2 3 2 r --------2~1 --------- r _ - " 3 . 20 1 1 - _ ■ 5 5 8 8 _ _ 17 l6 9 9 6 6 _ - ■ 5 4 ~ 1 1 _ 2 2 14 14 18 18 2 2 22 22 _ _ _ " ■ — 1 r~ . “ 13 13 ~ . _ _ _ _ " ~ ~ _ 1 1 _ 4 4 _ ■ _ _ _ _ _ 1 3 3 20 1 5 --------- 5“ _ 2 2 1 1 “ _ _ _ ■ ■ _ _ 6 5 9 8 “ 5 5 23 23 41 41 10 9 4 4 47 47 _ “ 22 22 _ _ 7 1 _ 6 2 1 10 7 7 5 5 ~ - “ * . _ “ _ j s h ift s . 3 . 10 1 1 _ 74 70 3 . 00 8 8 _ O i l e r s ________________________________________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g ------------------------------------------------------- 2. 90 _ _ . $3 . 10 2 .8 0 ! 2 . 59 2 . 76 2 . 76 $3 . 00 2. 70 2 33 87 87 $2 . 9 0 2 . 60 5 5 - M ill w r ig h t s ___________________________________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g -------- ------- ---------------------------------- $2 . 8 0 2 . 50 4 4 _ _ " 64 --------- W ~ * 2 .7 0 2 .4 0 11 11 _ _ " 140 137 *2. 60 2 . 30 6 6 _ _ _ $2 . 50 2 . 20 6 6 _ 2. 58 2 . 38 _ $2 . 4 0 2. 10 2 2 ‘ — $ 2 . 30 “ ' 2 2 ----------T -------- 2 $ 2. 20 11 11 ‘ " $ 2 . 10 3 3 ' 186 185 83 81 2. 00 8 8 " - $ 3 3 " 2. 51 2 . 51 1 .6 0 ' 32 7 322 1 2 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 2 . 19 2 . 18 M e c h a n ic s , m a in te n a n c e ---------------------------------------M a n u fa c tu r in g ___________________________________ T o o l and d ie m a k e r s _______________________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g ___________________________________ $ _ 22 22 9 8 2 2 _ 6 i i <> 17 17 4 4 ~ ■ . . . " ■ ■ 9 9 18 15 2 1 5 4 6 6 _ “ 8 8 57 56 100 100 8 4 1 1 2 2 4 4 8 8 _ 8 8 . “ _ 34 30 ' 6 ---------5“ 1 1 56 56 3 - - 15 15 . 1 1 . “ ~ 48 48 30 30 “ 4 4 11 11 . 4 4 2 2 52 52 - ~ _ - 11 11 _ _ ~ “ * _ _ - 21 21 _ ~ _ _ _ ~ 34 34 2 2 5 5 _ _ “ ' 1 1 1 _ “ 4 4 2 2 10 10 _ _ _ _ 43 43 5 5 - 2 ---------T 2 2 1 2 2 ~ 8 8 _ _ 8 8 3 3 _ 7 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Chattanooga, Tenn.—G a ., September I960) NUM BER OF W O RK ERS RE CE IVIN G ST R AIG H T-TIM E H OURLY EARN ING S OF— Number O c c u p a t io n 1 and in d u s tr y d iv is io n of workers $ Average 0. 50 hourly and earnings 2 $ $ $ $ $1 .0 0 $90 1 . 10 1 . 00 1 . 10 1 . 20 - - - 5 11 0 .60 0. 70 0 .80 .7 0 .8 0 .9 0 “ - 30 13 0. $ 1 . 20 % $ $ $ 1. 1 . 7 0 $1. 8 0 $ $ 1. 9 0 2 . 00 2 . 00 2 . 10 1. 30 1. 4 0 $1 . 5 0 1. 30 1. 4 0 1.50 1.60 1. 7 0 1.80 1. 90 2 2 8 8 3 3 7 - " 7 17 16 8 8 54 54 117 48 112 77 19 28 1 17 53 53 69 3 50 49 16 18 13 34 28 18 28 91 80 34 62 18 11 1 60 $2 . 10 $ 2 . 20 % $ 5 $ $ 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2.60 2. 70 2.80 2. 40 2. 50 2. 2.70 2.80 over - - - - - 11 11 _ _ _ _ _ _ - under . 60 G uards --------------------------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------- J a n ito rs, p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s ------------------------------------- — --------------(m e n ) N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 -------------------------------- 164 $ 1.97 163 1.97 669 358 1. 30 1.45 11 311 1 . 12 1.50 11 and 60 14 | 24 30 13 5 11 " " " - 1 . 12 43 - 1 10 19 1 46 1. 31 L a b o r e r s , m a t e r i a l h a n d l in g -----------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------- 994 835 1 . 66 1.68 _ 12 - - . - _ - 159 1.52 - 12 - - -------------------------------------------------O rd er fille r s M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------- 70 57 1.62 1.62 _ _ _ _ - - - P a c k e r s , s h i p p in g --------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___ __ 92 1.26 1.26 - --------------- 2. 30 14 40 40 - 11 1 1 6 1 13 i | 5 - 14 I 12 j 2 2 " | J a n ito rs , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s ( w o m e n ) ---------------------------------------------------------- 2 . 20 92 15 100 i! 21 8 14 . - 10 10 5 5 5 _ 5 17 2 2 4 4 ! j : i 2 _ 2 2 - - - - - ~ " - _ _ _ - _ - - - - _ _ _ | 2 2 - 94 72 20 68 4 7 13 132 114 18 38 31 7 10 142 136 52 52 41 41 22 22 231 231 52 60 34 _ _ 63 63 _ 6 _ _ _ 7 6 - - - - 52 - - - 6 - - - _ _ 12 12 4 _ 3 _ . '! “ - 18 17 . " 4 3 _ - 4 4 _ - 6 6 4 - 12 12 37 37 17 17 19 6 - 1 9 9 19 _ _ - 3 3 - - 8 8 4 4 - - - 4 4 6 1 R e c e iv in g c le r k s M a n u fa c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------- ------------- — 59 45 1 .8 6 51 41 2 . 02 2 . 19 S h ip p in g a n d r e c e i v i n g c l e r k s ----------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------ --------------------- 19 15 1. 9 9 T r u c k d r i v e r s 6 ---------- --------- --------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------------N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------l-J AO ^ 280 163 117 27 1.81 1.82 ?. 4 7 T r u c k d r i v e r s , li g h t ( u n d e r l l /2 t o n s ) _______________________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------ 46 36 1.49 1.59 - 1.80 - 154 84 70 19 1.69 1.79 1.71 1.90 2. 38 4 - - - - - - - _ - - - " - 1 1 4 25 16 28 18 9 10 - - - 1 1 4 - - - - - - - _ - 1 1 4 - - - 1 1 4 4 - 21 11 10 4 2 1 8 - 7 7 - 2 2 - 2 2 - 20 24 2 3 7 6 1 1 . - 18 36 34 16 - 8 8 33 31 2 1 16 - 10 2 2 2 - 7 - 7 " 1 1 5 10 6 7 6 3 3 6 - - 4 1 2 18 18 15 9 7 13 2 2 3 1 - 3 1 " 6 6 - 4 4 7 11 3 3 - 2 - 4 3 - . _ 3 6 - 1 1 4 18 - 1 1 13 13 2 9 2 2 - 18 9 5 5 5 8 11 2 - 12 10 4 4 15 2 3 3 - 1 7 2 2 2 7 3 - _ 2 1 18 - 34 32 16 1 18 2 16 10 i See footnotes at end of table. 9 5 S h ip p in g c l e r k s --------------------- — --------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------- T r u c k d r i v e r s , m e d i u m ( l 1/2 t o a n d in c lu d in g 4 to n s ) ------- --------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g — — --------- — P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 ------------------------- 1 4 1. 7 4 - " - - 5 5 2 2 . _ _ - 3 2 2 3 3 . 53 - - . . - - - - - ■ ■ ' 6 6 6 - - 6 6 - 14 - - - 14 14 8 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations-Continued (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Chattanooga, Tenn.—G a ., September I960) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— N u m b er Occupation1 and industry division of % % $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $0. 50 0. 60 V 70 $0.80 $0. 90 1. 00 1. 10 1. 20 1. 30 1.40 1.50 1. 60 1. 70 1.80 1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2. 70 2.80 hourly and earn in gs * and under .6 0 . 70 .8 0 .9 0 1.00 1. 10 1.20 1. 30 1.40 1. 50 1.60 1. 70 1.80 1. 90 2.00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2.80 over A v e ra g e T ruckd rivers:6— Continued Truckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) ---- ------- ------------ — Nonmanufacturing ----------------------- 52 37 $ 1 .9 4 1. 75 - Truckers, power (forklift) -----------------Manufacturing ---------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ---------------------------- 274 258 16 1.76 1.77 1.61 _ - Truckers, power (other than forklift) _______________________________ Manufacturing ------------ __ ------------ 34 24 1.64 1.45 ■ 130 121 1. 37 1. 39 Watchmen 1 2 3 4 5 6 -------------------------- ----------------- - - " ' " - . “ . ~ _ ■ _ “ _ ■ - " ■ ■ " ■ 15 11 2 1 1 1 1 - - 27 27 ~ 13 13 10 9 1 52 52 “ - 6 6 4 4 ■ 8 ■ 6 6 6 6 1 4 4 5 5 1 ■ 18 18 " - 12 12 - 21 21 41 37 4 19 11 8 30 30 12 12 _ ■ ■ 2 2 43 42 8 8 24 24 3 2 4 4 1 1 Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated. Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes 1 worker at $ 0 . 4 0 to $ 0 . 5 0 . Workers were distributed as follows: 2 at $ 3. 40 to $ 3. 50; 1 at $ 3. 60 to $ 3. 70. Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated. ~ 18 18 - - 8 - 6 - 8 8 _ " " _ 45 43 2 _ ~ . ■ 1 1 “ 2 2 ■ - ~ * 1 1 - - - - - - - B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-l. Shift Differentials (Shift differentials of manufacturing plant workers by type and amount of differential, Chattanooga, Term.—Ga. , September I960) Percent of manufacturing plant workers---In establishments having formal provisions 1 for— Shift differential Second shift work Actually working on— Third or other shift work Second shift Third or other shift 9 .5 -....................... 86.6 82. 0 19.4 ----------------------------- 65.4 69.3 13.7 6. 8 Uniform cents (per hour) __________________ 50.7 56.8 9 .4 4. 6 2 cents __________________ ______________ 4 cents _ ________________________________ 5 cents __________________________________ 6 cents --------------- ---------------------------------7 cents __ _____________________ ___ _ 8 cents ____________________ _____________ 9 cents ____________ ____ ____ _______ 10 cents _________________ _____________ 11 cents ________________________ _______ 1 1 V5 c e n t s --- ---------------------- — — ___ 12 cents 121/j cents ______________________________ I3 V3 cents ______________________________ 14 cents _______________ 1_________________ 15 cents _________________ ______________ 4. 3 10. 2 7. 3 4. 2 16.9 4 .8 2. 3 .7 - _ 1.6 11.9 _ 5. 1 3. 0 8.3 2 .4 1.8 4 .6 2. 3 .7 3. 3 11.7 .1 .5 1.7 1.0 4 .9 _ .7 _ _ _ .1 .3 _ - Uniform percentage ------------------------------------- 12.4 12.4 3 .4 2. 2 5 percent ________________________________ 7 V2 percent __________ ________ _______ 10 percent ________________________ ________ 6. 1 6. 4 3.7 2. 3 6 .4 1.9 1.6 .4 .3 1. 5 Total ___________ _____ - .............. With shift pay differential Other formal pay differential ____ _______ No shift pay differential ------------------------ ------ 2. 2 21. 2 _ _ 1.3 _ _ .2 .5 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .5 1. 1 - .9 - 12. 7 5. 7 2. 6 1 Includes establishments currently operating late shifts and establishments with formal provisions covering late shifts even though they were not currently operating late shifts. 10 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for W om en O ffice W ork ers (Distribution of establishments studied in all industries and in industry divisions by minimum entrance salary for selected categories of inexperienced women office w orkers, Chattanooga, Tenn.—Ga. , September I960) Inexperienced typists Manufacturing Minimum weekly salary 1 All industries Other inexperienced clerical workers 2 Nonmanufacturing All schedules 40 All schedules Manufactu ring A ll industries Based on standard weekly hours ;* of— 40 Nonmanufacturing Based on standard weekly hours 3 of— All schedules 40 All schedules 40 Establishments studied ------------------------------------------------------------------ 94 53 XXX 41 XXX 94 53 XXX 41 XXX Establishments having a specified minimum ---------------------------- 21 11 11 10 6 34 18 18 16 12 Under $ 4 0 .0 0 ............................................................................................ $ 40. 00 and under $ 42. 50 -------------------------------------------------------$ 42. 50 and under $ 45. 00 _____________________________________ $ 45. 00 and under $ 47. 50 -------------------------------------------------------$ 47. 50 and under $ 50. 00 -----------------------------------------------------$ 5 0 .0 0 and under $ 52. 50 -------------------------------------------------------$ 5 2 .5 0 and under $ 5 5 .0 0 -------------------------------------------------------$ 5 5 .0 0 and under $ 5 7 .5 0 -------------------------------------------------------$ 5 7 .5 0 and under $ 60. 00 -------------------------------------------------------$ 6 0 .0 0 and under $ 62. 50 -------------------------------------------------------Over $ 62. 50 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 5 5 3 1 2 2 1 1 _ 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 _ 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 " 1 3 1 1 - 1 12 7 3 2 4 1 1 2 1 _ 7 3 2 1 1 1 2 _ 7 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 5 4 1 1 4 - 1 5 1 1 _ 4 _ _ _ _ 1 1 Establishments having no specified minimum -------------------------Establishments which did not employ workers in this category -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 5 XXX 1 XXX 18 14 XXX 4 XXX 67 37 XXX 30 XXX 42 21 XXX 21 XXX “ 1 Lowest salary rate form ally established for hiring inexperienced workers for typing or other clerical jobs. 2 Rates applicable to m essen gers, office girls, or sim ilar subclerical jobs are not considered. 3 Hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-tim e salaries. Data are presented for all workweeks combined, and for the m ost common workweek reported. Table B-3. Scheduled W e e k ly Hours (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by scheduled weekly hours of first-sh ift w orkers, Chattanooga, Tenn.—G a ., September I960) PLAN T WORKERS O F F IC E W O R K E R S Weekly hours A ll industries 1 A ll workers -------------------------------------------------------- 2>lllz Under hours ---------------------------------------------3 7 V 2 hours ---------------------------------------------------------Over 3 7 V 2 and under 40 hours ----------------------40 hours -------------------------------------------------------------Over 40 and under 44 hours ----------------------------44 hours -------------------------------------------------------------Over 44 and under 48 hours ----------------------------48 hours -------------------------------------------------------------Over 48 hours -------------------- — ----------------------1 2 3 4 M anufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 2 4 - 3 7 90 ~ 22 5 67 1 1 1 (4) (4) - 94 1 ” All industries 3 M anufacturing 100 100 100 2 1 1 96 1 I 3 88 9 " 1 (4) 89 2 1 1 3 2 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. L e ss than 0. 5 percent. Pu ttie utilities2 11 Table B-4. Paid Holidays (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidays provided annually, Chattanooga, Tenn.—Ga. , September I960) PLAN T W ORKERS O F F IC E W O R K E R S Item All industries 3 A ll workers ---------- ------------------ -------------- ------- - Workers in establishments providing paid holidays ---------------------------------------------------------- -----------Workers in establishments providing no paid holidays — ------------------ — --------- M anufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries 3 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 99 99 10 0 1 1 M anufacturing Pu blic utilities 2 100 100 72 69 97 28 31 3 3 3 6 3 3 1 2 13 10 1 26 14 (4) 6 6 76 76 95 10 0 100 100 100 100 (4) 15 40 41 51 63 66 66 69 72 Number of days 1 3 4 4 5 6 6 7 8 9 holiday -------- -------------------- ---------------- — — — holidays _____ _______ — __ --------------------- holidays ______________ ____ _________ ~ ---------------------------------------holidays plus 1 half day holidays -------------- -----------------------------------------— — --------- holidays _ --------------------- _ -------------holidays plus 1 half day ------------------------------------------holidays --------------------------- — ---------------- h o lid a y s _________ ____ — -------------- — h o lid a y s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total ho lid a y time _ _ 2 4 2 13 28 3 28 19 - (4) 10 31 44 71 95 96 98 99 99 19 46 50 77 91 92 96 99 99 - 5 19 - 70 - ' . - - - 3 5 11 1 25 18 - " 9 8 - 75 - 4 5 9 days -------------------------------------------------------------- 8 or m ore days ____________________ __ --------- _ 7 or m ore days ------------------ -----------------------------------6V2 or m ore days ------------------------------------------------------------6 or m ore days -------------- — ------------------------5 or m ore days -------- ---------- ------------------------------ _ _ 41 or m ore days _____________________________ 4 or m ore days ________________________________ 3 or m ore days ---------------- ---------- ------- -----1 or m ore days _______ ___ ___ h (4) 1 2 1 24 26 14 21 9 (4) 18 43 44 55 60 63 63 65 69 4 4 80 80 88 97 97 97 97 97 1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 4 L e ss than 0. 5 percent. 5 A ll combinations of full and half days that add to the same amount are combined; for example, the proportion of workers receiving a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days half days, 6 full days and 2 half days, 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. Proportions were then cumulated. and no 12 Table B-5. Paid Vacations (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Chattanooga, Tenn.—G a ., September I960) O F F IC E W O R K E R S PLAN T W ORKERS Vacation policy A ll industries1 A ll workers -------------------------------- -------------------- Manufacturing Public utilities2 100 100 100 99 97 1 99 96 3 100 100 - All industries3 100 M anufacturing Public utilities2 100 100 97 61 37 100 100 - - _ _ Method of payment W orkers in establishments providing paid vacations -------------------------------------------------Length-of-tim e payment ----------------------------Percentage payment -----------------------------------F lat-su m payment --------------------------------------Other -------------------------------------------------------------W orkers in establishments providing no paid vacations -------------------------------------------- 96 66 29 1 (4) - - - 1 - - (4) 1 “ 4 3 " 2 55 6 3 2 52 2 5 6 23 - 18 4 1 “ 4 38 _ - 15 6 1 - _ 43 (4) 55 1 _ 30 67 2 _ 84 16 - 2 84 (4) 10 - _ 86 11 - _ 94 _ 11 7 80 _ 12 85 2 _ 6 63 31 " 2 69 5 20 - _ 76 5 16 - _ 36 12 52 - _ 7 1 91 1 _ 7 90 2 _ 3 97 - 1 52 9 35 - _ 57 10 30 - 2 1 92 1 3 4 89 2 4 11 2 81 1 1 11 84 1 1 Amount of vacatio n p a y 5 After 6 months of service Under 1 week -----------------------------------------------------1 week ----------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks ------------------------------2 weeks --------------------------------------------------------------- " After 1 year of service Under 1 week ------------------------ -------------------------1 week -----------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks ------------------------------2 weeks --------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks ____________________ 6 - After 2 years of service Under 1 week -----------------------------------------------------1 week -------------------- ------------- -------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks ____________________ 2 weeks ----------------------- ------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks __ ------------------ ----- 1 Aiter 3 years of service Under 1 week 1 week ___________________________________________ Over 1 and under 2 weeks ------------------------------2 weeks _________________________________________ Over 2 and under 3 weeks ------------------------------- _ 34 _ 66 - After 5 years of service 1 week -----------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks ------------------------------2 weeks ----------------------- ------- — -----------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks ------------------------------3 weeks ----------------------- ------- -------------------------- See footnotes at end of table, _ - 100 - _ _ 100 - 13 Table B-5. Paid V acations-C ontinued (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Chattanooga, T e n n .-G a ., September I960) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS Vacation policy All industries1 Manufacturing Public utilities2 All industries 3 Manufacturing 10 2 61 6 18 11 59 8 19 10 2 39 11 _ - - Public utilities2 Am ount o f v a c a t io n p a y 5 — Continued After 10 years of service 1 week ----------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks ------------------------------2 weeks --------------------------------------- -------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks ------------------------------3 weeks --------------------------------------------------------------- 4 _ _ 2 80 3 13 68 7 21 2 4 _ - - - 37 1 59 1 38 2 53 2 - - 94 - 44 2 38 46 2 97 - _ 10 2 38 11 _ - - 37 - - 94 - 6 _ 94 _ 6 After 15 years of service 1 week ----------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks ------------------------------2 weeks --------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks — -------------------------3 weeks --------------------------------------------------------------Over 3 and under 4 weeks ------------------------------- 6 3 - After 20 years of service 1 week ----------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks ------------------------------2 weeks _________________________________________ Over 2 and under 3 weeks ------------------------------3 weeks ---------------------------------- — -------------------Over 3 and under 4 weeks — — -------------------4 weeks --------------------------------------------------------------- 2 4 - - - 37 1 53 1 5 38 2 43 2 10 6 94 2 4 _ - - - 32 1 36 38 2 31 - - - 39 2 6 40 2 7 11 6 10 2 38 - - - 21 3 24 21 3 25 - - 3 - 95 _ 2 After 25 years of service 1 week ------------------------------------ -------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks ------------------------------2 weeks ----------------------- -----------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks ------------------------------3 weeks _________________________________________ Over 3 and under 4 weeks ------------------------------4 weeks ----------------------- ------------------------------------ 1 2 3 4 5 service _ 28 68 - - 24 26 _ 37 _ _ 3 - 56 _ 42 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. L e ss than 0. 5 percent. Periods of service were arbitrarily chosen and do not necessarily reflect the individual provisions for progressions. For example, the changes in proportions indicated at 10 years' include changes in provisions occurring between 5 and 10 years. N OTE: In the tabulations of vacation allowances by years of service, payments other than "length of time, " such as percentage of annual earnings or flat-su m payments, to an equivalent time b asis; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as 1 w eek's pay. were converted 14 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (Percent of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions employed in establishments providing health, insurance, or pension benefits, Chattanooga, T e n n .-G a . , September I960) O F F IC E W O R K E R S PLAN T W ORKERS Type of benefit All industries 1 A ll workers ___ _____ ______ Manufacturing Public utilities2 100 100 100 All industries3 M anufacturing 100 100 Pu blic utilities,2 100 W orkers in establishments providing: Life insurance __ __ Accidental death and dismemberment insurance _______ __ __ — ------ — — Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both4 __ __ Sickness and accident, insurance ---------Sick leave (full pay-and no waiting period) ________________________ Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period) ________________________ Hospitalization insurance _ ____ Surgical insurance ____________ Medical insurance __ Catastrophe insurance _ --------Retirement pension _ __ No health, insurance, or pension 1 2 3 4 — __ _ _________ ------plan ----- 91 93 37 83 87 56 42 53 30 45 49 42 64 73 64 66 73 42 38 61 9 59 69 36 27 48 4 3 3 7 96 96 48 58 58 3 96 96 56 42 91 91 85 85 28 68 4 6 2 4 5 3 31 89 89 36 19 45 7 93 93 37 17 50 4 59 59 55 55 51 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Unduplicated total of workers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. Sick-leave plans are lim ited to those which definitely establish at least the minimum number of days ' pay that can be expected by each em ployee. Informal sick-leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. 15 Appendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. O F F IC E BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerica l work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follow s: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. Biller , machine (hilling machine)— Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, e tc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application ‘of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine)— Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare custom ers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types o f sales and credit slips. Class A — Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge o f and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B— Keeps a record o f one or more phases or sections o f a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type o f billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or a ssist in preparation o f trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more section s o f a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase o f an establish ment's business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 16 CLERK, ACCOUNTING— .Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper a c counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May a ssist in preparing, ad justing and closin g journal entries; may direct cla ss B accounting clerks. Class B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or a c counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine account ing work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the n e ce s sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers' earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and a ssist paymaster in making up and distribut ing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. CLERK, FILE Class A — In an established filing system containing a num ber of varied subject matter file s , cla ssifie s and indexes corres pondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or may super vise others in filing and locating material in the file s . May per form incidental clerical duties. Class B — Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been cla ssified or which is easily identifiable, or locates or a ssists in locating material in file s . May perform incidental clerica l duties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives custom ers'orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled . May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check ship ping invoices with original orders. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi b ilities, reproduces multiple cop ies o f typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used sten cils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi b ilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a sp ecified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical, keypunch machine, following written in formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de vice attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, op erating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerica l work. 17 SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an ad ministrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into o ffice ; answering and making phone ca lls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in or der, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work (see transcribing-machine operator). STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or o ffice ca lls . May record toll calls and take m essages. May give information to per sons who ca ll in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single p o si tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may a lso type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part o f this worker's time while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Class A — Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical a c counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without clo se supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations andday-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. Class B — Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical a c counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under sp e cific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. Class C — Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with sp ecific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs, or re petitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May a lso type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. 18 TYPIST— Continued TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in clude typing of sten cils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicat ing p rocesses. May do clerical work involving little specia l training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. Class A — Performs one or more o f the following: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc- tuation, e tc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circum stances. Class B — Performs one or more o f the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing o f forms, insurance p o licie s, etc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tables already set up and spaced properly. PR O F E SSIO N A L AND T E C H N IC A L DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problems. May a ssist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad ministrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur poses. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing work ing plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-section s, e tc., to sca le by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying com pleted work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specification s; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specification s. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of em ployees' injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety o f all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, com pass, and other drafting to o ls. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. 19 MAINTENANCE D PO W E R PLA N T CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials n ec essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a ssist in repairing boilerroom equipment. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded . HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing sp e cific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are*also performed by workers on a full-time basis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and specification s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and 20 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued MILLWRIGHT— Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to clo se toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into me chanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. are required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specification s; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill wright's work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an e s tablishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechan ica l equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d is mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types o f paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specification s; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow , and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specification s. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating system s are excluded . 21 TOOL AND DIE MAKER PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber's snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specification s; using a variety of tool and die maker's handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to clo se tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and p rocesses. In general, the tool and die maker's work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification . C U STO D IA L AND M A T E R IA L MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f employees and other persons entering. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the follow ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or 22 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting d evices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen , who load and unload ships are excluded . ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers* orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified as follow s: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various tvpes of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded . PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the sp ecific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closin g and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded . SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or a ssist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, in voices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de partments; maintaining necessary records and file s. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are cla ssified by size and type of equipment, as follow s: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the bars is o f trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination o f sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1% ton s) Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified by type of truck, as follow s: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. ' f r U .S . G O V E R N M E N T P R IN T IN G O F F I C E : 1 9 6 0 O -----5 7 8 2 3 3 Occupational Wage Surveys Occupational wage surveys will be conducted in the 82 major labor markets listed below during late I960 and early 1961. Bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents pU.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25> D .C ., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover. A summary bulletin containing data for 80 labor markets, combined with additional analysis, will be issued early in 1962. Akron, Ohio— Bull. 1285Albany—Schenectady—Troy, N .Y .— Bull. 1285Albuquerque, N. Mex.— Bull. 1285Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, P a .-N .J .— Bull. 1285Atlanta, G a.— Bull. 1285Baitimore, Md.— Bull. 1285Beaumont—Port Arthur, T ex .— Bull. 1285Birmingham, A la.— Bull. 1285Boise, Idaho— Pull. 1285Boston, M ass.— Bull. 1285-15 Buffalo, N .Y .— Bull. 1285Burlington, V t.— Bull. 1285Canton, Ohio— Bull. 1285Charleston, W. V a.— Bull. 1285Charlotte, N .C .— Bull. 1285Chattanooga, Tenn.—G a.— Bull. 1285-14 Chicago, 111.— Bull. 1285Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky.— Bull. 1285“ Cleveland, Ohio— Bull. 1285-11 Columbus, Ohio— Bull. 1285Dallas, T ex.— Bull. 1285Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111.— Bull. 1285-16 Dayton, Ohio— Bull. 1285Denver, C olo.— Bull. 1285Des Moines, Iowa— Bull. 1285* Detroit, Mich.— Bull. 1285Fort Worth, T ex.— Bull. 1285- *Green Bay, W is.— Bull. 1285-2 Greenville, S .C .— Bull. 1285Houston, T ex.— Bull. 1285Indianapolis, Ind.— Bull. 1285Jackson, M iss.— Bull. 1285Jacksonville, F ia.— Bull. 1285Kansas City, Mo.—Kans.— Bull. 1285-18 Lawrence—Haverhill, Mass.—N .H .— Bull. 1285**L ittle Rock—North Little Rock, Ark.— Buil. 1285-6 Los Angeles—Long Beach, C alif.— Bull. 1285Louisville, Ky.—Ind.— Bull. 1285Lubbock, Tex.— Bull. 1285^Manchester, N .H .— Bull. 1285-1 Memphis, Tenn.— Bull. 1285Miami, F la .— Bull. 1285Milwaukee, Wis.— Bull. 1285Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn.— Bull. 1285Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich.— Bull. 1285Newark and Jersey City, N .J.— Bull. 1285New Haven, Conn.-— Bull. 1285N ew O r le a n s , L a . — Bull. 1285- New York, N .Y .— Bull. 1285Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News — Hampton, V a.— Bull. 1285* * Oklahoma City, Okla.— Bull. 1285-3 Omaha, Nebr.—Iowa— Bull. 1285-13 Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N .J.— Bull. 1285Philadelphia, P a.— Bull. 1285Phoenix, Ariz.— Bull. 1285- Pittsburgh, P a.— Bull. 1285Portland, Maine— Bull. 1285Portland, Oreg.—Wash.— Bull. 1285Providence—Pawtucket, R .I.—M ass.— Bull. 1285* * *Raleigh, N .C .— Bull. 1285-5 Richmond, V a.— Bull. 1285Rockford, 111.— Bull. 1285St. Louis, M o .-I ll.— Bull. 1285- 10 Salt Lake City, Utah— Bull. 1285San Antonio, Tex.— Bull. 1285*San Bernardino—Riverside—Ontario, C alif.— Bull. 1285-4 San Francisco—Oakland, C alif.— Bull. 1285Savannah, Ga.— Bull. 1285**Scranton, Pa.— Bull. 1285-8 **S e a ttle , Wash.— Bull. 1285-7 Sioux Falls, S. Dak.— Bull. 1285-17 South Bend, Ind.— Bull. 1285Spokane, Wash.— Bull. 1285“ Toledo, Ohio— Bull. 1285Trenton, N .J.— Bull. 1285Washington, D .C .—Md.—Va.-— Bull. 1285Waterbury, Conn.— Bull. 1285Waterloo, Iowa— Bull. 1285* * Wichita, Kans.— Bull. 1285-9 Wilmington, D e l.-N .J .— Bull. 1285-12 Worcester, M ass.— Bull. 1285York, P a.— Bull. 1285- An asterisk preceding a labor market indicates the availability and price of the bulletin. Please do not order copies in advance. * Price, 20 cents. Price, 25 cents.
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