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Occupational Wage Survey CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA APRIL 1960 Bulletin No. 1265-48 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clagua, Commissionar Occupational Wage Survey CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA APRIL 1960 Bulletin No. 1265-48 July 1960 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sal« by iht Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. - Pric# 2 5 cents Contents Preface Page The Com m unity Wage Survey P rogram The B ureau of Labor S ta tistics regu larly conducts areaw ide wage su rveys in a num ber of im portant industrial ce n te rs. The stu d ies, made from late fall to early spring, relate to occupational earnings and related supplem entary b en efits. A p relim inary report is available on com pletion of the study in each area, usually in the month follow ing the payroll period studied. This bulletin provides additional data not included in the ea r lie r report. A consolidated an alytical bulletin sum m arizing the resu lts of all of the year's su rveys is issu ed after com pletion of the final area bulletin for the curren t round of su rveys. This report was prepared in the B ureau's regional office in C hicago, 111. , by W oodrow C. Linn, under the d irection of G eorge E. Votava, R egional Wage and Industrial R elations A n alyst. In trod u ctio n ________________________________________________________________ Tables: 1. E stab lish m en ts and w orkers w ithin scope of s u r v e y _____________ A: O ccupational earnings: * A - 1. O ffice occupations __________________________________________ A - 2. P ro fessio n a l and tech n ical occupations ____________________ A - 3. M aintenance and pow erplant occupations __________________ A -4. C ustodial and m aterial m ovem ent _________________________ 1 2 4 6 7 8 B: E stablishm en t p ra ctices and supplem entary wage p rovision s: * B - 1. Shift d ifferen tials ___________________________________________ 9 B -2 . M inimum entrance sa la rie s for w om en office w orkers ______________________________________________ 10 B - 3. Scheduled w eekly hours _______________________________________ 10 B -4 . P aid holidays __________________________________________________ 11 B- 5. P aid vacations ________________________________________________ 12 B - 6. H ealth, insuran ce, and pension plans -------------------------------14 A pp en d ix: O ccu p a tion a l d e s c r ip tio n s ________________________________________ * NOTE: S im ilar tabulations for th ese and other item s are available in the reports for su rveys in other m ajor a rea s. A d irectory indicating date of study and the p rice of the reports is available upon req u est. Union s c a le s , indicative of prevailin g pay le v e ls, are also available for seven selec te d building trades in the C h arleston area. 15 Occupational Wage Survey—Charleston, W. Va. Introduction T his area is one of sev er a l im portant industrial cen ters in which the U .S . D epartm ent of L a b o r's B ureau of Labor S ta tistics has conducted su rveys of occupational earnings and related wage ben efits on an areaw ide b a s is . In this area, data w ere obtained by personal v isits of B ureau field econ om ists to rep resen tative estab lish m en ts within six broad industry d ivision s: M anufacturing; tran sp orta tio n ,1 com m unication, and other public u tilities; w h olesale trade; reta il trade; fin an ce, in su ran ce, and real estate; and s e r v ic e s . M ajor in dustry groups excluded from th ese stu dies are governm ent operations and the con struction and extractive in d u stries. E stab lish m en ts having few er than a p rescrib ed num ber of w orkers are om itted also because they furnish in su fficien t em ploym ent in the occupations studied to w a r rant in clu sion . W herever p o ssib le, separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry d iv isio n s. T hese su rveys are conducted on a sam ple b a sis because of the u n n ecessary co st involved in surveying all esta b lish m en ts. To obtain appropriate accu racy at m inim um c o st, a greater proportion of large than of sm a ll estab lish m en ts is studied. In com bining the data, how ever, all estab lish m en ts are given their appropriate w eight. E stim a tes b ased on the estab lish m en ts studied are presented, th erefore, as r e lating to a ll estab lish m en ts in the industry grouping and area, e x cept for those below the m inim um siz e studied. O ccupations and E arnings The occupations selec te d for study are com m on to a variety of m anufacturing and nonm anufacturing in d u stries. O ccupational c la s sification is based on a uniform se t of job d escrip tion s designed to take account of in terestab lish m en t variation in duties w ithin the sam e job. (See appendix for listin g of th ese d escrip tio n s.) E arnings data are presented (in the A -s e r ie s tab les) for the follow ing types of occupa tions: (a) O ffice c le rica l; (b) p ro fession a l and technical; (c) m ain te nance and power plant; and (d) cu stod ial and m aterial m ovem ent. O ccupational em ploym ent and earnings data are shown for fu ll-tim e w ork ers, i. e . , those h ired to work a regular w eekly sch ed ule in the given occupational c la ssifica tio n . E arnings data exclude prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, h olid ays, and late sh ifts. Nonproduction bonu ses are excluded a lso , but c o st-o fliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included. W here w eekly hours are reported, as for office c le r ic a l occu p ation s, referen ce is to the work sched ules (rounded to the n ea rest half hour) for which straigh t-tim e sa la rie s are paid; average w eekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the n ea rest half d ollar. A verage earnings of m en and wom en are presented sep arately for selected occupations in which both sex es are com m only em ployed. D ifferen ces in pay le v e ls of m en and wom en in th ese occupations are la rg ely due to (l) d ifferen ces in the distribution of the sex es among in d u stries and estab lish m en ts; (2) d ifferen ces in sp ecific duties p er form ed, although the occupations are appropriately c la ssifie d within the sam e survey job description; and (3) d ifferen ces in length of s e r v ice or m erit review when individual sa la rie s are adjusted on this basis. L onger average serv ic e of m en would re su lt in higher average pay when both sex es are em ployed within the sam e rate range. Job d escrip tion s used in cla ssify in g em p loyees in these su rveys are u su ally m ore gen eralized than those u sed in individual estab lish m en ts to allow for m inor d ifferen ces among estab lish m en ts in sp ecific duties perform ed. O ccupational em ploym ent estim a tes rep resen t the total in all estab lish m en ts within the scope of the study and not the num ber actu ally surveyed. B ecau se of d ifferen ces in occupational structure among estab lish m en ts, the estim a tes of occupational em ploym ent obtained from the sam ple of estab lish m en ts studied serv e only to indicate the relative im portance of the jobs studied. T hese d ifferen ces in o ccu pational structure do not m ateria lly affect the accu racy of the ea rn ings data. E stablishm en t P r a c tic es and Supplem entary Wage P ro v isio n s Inform ation is p resen ted also (in the B -s e r ie s tab les) on s e lected estab lish m en t p ra ctices and supplem entary ben efits as they r e late to office and plant w o rk ers. The term "office w ork ers, " as used in this bulletin, includes working su p erv iso rs and non su p ervisory w orkers perform ing c le r ic a l or related fun ction s, and exclu d es adm in istr a tiv e, ex ecu tive, and p ro fession a l p erson n el. "Plant w orkers" in clude working forem en and all n on su p ervisory w orkers (including lead 1 R ailroads, form erly excluded from the sco p ^ p f th ese stu d ies,m en and tra in ees) engaged in nonoffice functions. A d m in istrative, have been added in n early a ll of the areas to be studied during the execu tive, and p ro fession a l em p lo y ees, and force-acco u n t construction w inter of 1959-60; railroad s w ill be added in the rem aining areas next em p loyees who are u tilized as a sep arate work force are excluded . year. F or scope of survey in this area, see footnote to "transporta C afeteria w orkers and routem en are excluded in m anufacturing in d u s tion, com m unication, and other public u tilities" in table 1. tries, but are included as plant w orkers in nonm anufacturing industries. 2 T a b le 1. E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e o f s u r v e y and nu m ber stu d ied in C h a r le s t o n , W . V a . , 1 by m a jo r in d u stry d iv is io n , 2 A p r il I960 Industry d iv isio n A ll d iv isio n s ____________________________________________ M an u factu rin g__________________________________________ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ______________________________________ T ran sp ortation , com m u n ication , and oth er public u tilitie s 5 __________________________________ W h olesale trad e ____________________________________ R etail trade _________________________________________ F in an ce, in su ra n ce, and r e a l esta te _____________ S e r v ic e s 7 ___________________________________________ M inim um em p loym en t in e sta b lish m en ts in sco p e of study 51 N um ber of e sta b lish m en ts W ithin sco p e of Studied study 3 117 ,/o r k e r s in estab lish : -ents --------------------------------------------W ithin ccope of study O ffice P lan t 1 T o ta l4 66 3 6 ,3 0 0 Studied T o ta l4 6, 0 00 2 3 ,7 0 0 3 1 ,4 0 0 51 34 2o 21, 600 3, 000 1 4 ,8 0 0 2 0 ,9 4 0 51 83 40 1 4 ,7 0 0 3, 000 8 ,9 0 0 1 0 ,4 6 0 51 14 13 6, 500 1 ,6 0 0 3, 000 6, 30 0 51 16 5 1 ,3 0 0 51 34 12 5 ,3 0 0 51 9 10 4 700 6 900 51 (6) (6) (6) (6 ) (6) (6) (4) (6) 500 2, 650 430 580 1 The C h a r le s to n M e tro p o lita n A r e a (Kanawha C ou n ty). The " w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e o f study" e s tim a te s show n in this table p r o v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a te d e s c r ip tio n o f the s iz e and c o m p o s it io n o f the la b o r f o r c e in clu d e d in the s u r v e y . The e s tim a te s a r e not in ten ded, h o w e v e r , to s e r v e as a b a s is o f c o m p a r is o n w ith oth er a r e a em p loy m en t in d ex es to m e a s u r e e m p lo y m e n t tren d s o r le v e ls s in c e ( l) planning o f w age s u r v e y s r e q u ir e s the use o f e s ta b lis h m e n t data c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in ad va n ce o f the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ied , and (2) s m a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts a r e e x clu d e d f r o m the s c o p e o f the study. 2 The 1957 r e v is e d e d itio n o f the Standard In d u stria l C la s s ific a t io n M anual w as u sed in c la s s ify in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts by in d u s try d iv is io n . M a jo r ch a n ges f r o m the e a r l ie r e d itio n (u s e d in the B u re a u 's la b o r m a rk e t w age s u r v e y p r o g r a m p r io r to the w in te r o f 1958—59) a r e the tr a n s fe r o f m ilk p a s te u r iz a tio n plants and r e a d y -m ix e d c o n c r e te e s ta b lis h m e n ts f r o m trade (w h o le s a le o r re ta il) to m a n u fa ctu rin g, and the tr a n s fe r o f r a d io and t e le v is io n b r o a d c a s tin g f r o m s e r v ic e s to the tr a n s p o r ta tio n , co m m u n ic a tio n , and o th er p u b lic u tilitie s d iv is io n . 3 In clu d es a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith total e m p lo y m e n t at o r a b ove the m in im u m -s iz e lim ita tio n . A ll ou tlets (w ithin the a rea ) o f co m p a n ie s in su c h in d u s tr ie s as tr a d e , fin a n c e , auto r e p a ir s e r v ic e , and m o t io n -p ic t u r e th e a te rs a r e c o n s id e r e d as 1 e s ta b lis h m e n t. 4 In clu d es e x e c u t iv e , p r o fe s s io n a l, and o th e r w o r k e r s e x c lu d e d fr o m the se p a ra te o f fic e and plant c a t e g o r ie s . 5 R a ilr o a d s w e re in clu d e d ; ta x ica b s and s e r v ic e s in cid e n ta l to w a ter tra n s p o r ta tio n w e r e e x clu d e d . 6 T h is in d u s try d iv is io n is r e p r e s e n t e d in e s tim a te s fo r " a l l in d u s tr ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g " in the S e r ie s A and B ta b le s , although c o v e r a g e w as in s u ffic ie n t to ju s tify se p a ra te p r e s e n ta tio n o f data. 7 P lotels; p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ; a u to m o b ile r e p a ir s h o p s ; m o tio n p ic tu r e s ; n o n p ro fit m e m b e r s h ip o r g a n iz a tio n s ; and en g in e e r in g and a r c h ite c t u r a l s e r v ic e s . 3 The sum m ary of vacation plans is lim ited to form al arran ge m en ts, excluding inform al plans w hereby tim e off with pay is granted at the d iscretio n of the em p lo yer. Separate estim a tes are provided according to em ployer p ractice in com puting vacation paym ents, such as tim e paym ents, percent of annual earn in gs, or fla t-su m am ounts. H ow ever, in the tabulations of vacation allow an ces, paym ents not on a tim e b a sis w ere converted; for exam p le, a paym ent of 2 p ercen t of annual earnings w as con sid ered as the equivalent of 1 w eek 1s pay. Data are p resen ted for all health, in su ran ce, and pension plans for which at le a st a part of the c o st is borne by the em p lo yer, excepting only leg al req u irem en ts such as workmen* s com p ensation and so cia l secu rity . Such plans include those underw ritten by a co m m er cia l insuran ce com pany and those provided through a union fund or paid d irectly by the em ployer out of cu rren t operating funds or from a fund s e t asid e for this purpose. Death b en efits are included as a form of life in su ran ce. S ick n ess and accident insuran ce is limited* to that type of in surance under which predeterm ined ca sh paym ents are m ade d irectly to the insured on a w eekly or m onthly b a sis during illn e s s or accident d isab ility. Inform ation is p resen ted for all such plans to which the em ployer con trib u tes. H ow ever, in New York and New J e r se y , which have enacted tem porary d isab ility insuran ce law s which require e m ployer co n trib u tio n s,4 plans are included only if the em p loyer (1) con tributes m ore than is leg a lly required, or (2) provides the em ployee with b en efits which ex ceed the req u irem en ts of the law . Tabulations of paid sick -lea v e plans are lim ited to form al p la n s5 w hich provide full pay or a proportion of the w ork er's pay during absence from work becau se of illn e s s . Separate tabulations are provided accord ing to (1) plans which provide fu ll pay and no w aiting period, and (2) plans providing eith er partial pay or a w aiting period. In addition to the presentation of the proportions o f w ork ers who are provided sick n ess and accident insurance or paid sick lea v e, an unduplicated total is shown of w orkers who re ceiv e eith er or both types of b en efits. C atastrophe in su ran ce, so m etim es referred to as t extended m ed ical in su ran ce, inclu des those plans which are design ed to p rotect em p loyees in ca se of sick n e ss and injury involving ex p en ses beyond the norm al coverage of h osp italization , m ed ica l, and su rgical plan s. M edical insuran ce re fe rs to plans providing for com p lete or partial paym ent of d octors' fe e s . Such plans m ay be underw ritten by co m m er cia l insuran ce com panies or nonprofit organ ization s or they m ay be se lf-in su r e d . T abulations of retirem en t pen sion plans are lim ited to those plans that provide m onthly paym ents for the rem ainder of the w o rk er 's life . 2 An estab lish m en t was co n sid ered as having a policy if it m et eith er of the follow ing conditions: (1) O perated late sh ifts at the tim e of the su rvey, or (2) had form al p rovision s coverin g late sh ifts. 3 Scheduled w eekly hours for office w orkers (first sectio n of table B -3 ) in su rveys m ade prior to late 1957 and ea rly 1958 w ere p resen ted in term s of the proportion of w om en office w orkers e m ployed in o ffices with the indicated w eek ly hours for w om en w o rk ers. 4 The tem porary d isab ility law s in C aliforn ia and Rhode Island do not require em ployer con trib u tion s. 5 An estab lish m en t w as co n sid ered as having a form al plan if it estab lish ed at le a st the m inim um num ber of days of sick leave that could be expected by each em p lo yee. Such a plan need not be w ritten , but inform al sic k -le a v e allow an ces, d eterm in ed on an individual b a s is , w ere excluded. Shift d ifferen tial data (table B - l) are lim ited to m anufacturing in d u stries. This inform ation is p resented both in term s of (a) esta b lish m en t p olicy, 2 presented in term s of total plant w orker em p loy m ent, and (b) effective p ra ctice, presented on the b a sis of w orkers actually em ployed on the sp ecified sh ift at the tim e of the su rvey. In estab lish m en ts having varied d ifferen tia ls, the amount applying to a m ajority w as u sed o r, if no am ount applied to a m ajority, the c la s sifica tio n "other" was u sed . In estab lish m en ts in which som e la te sh ift hours are paid at norm al ra te s, a d ifferential was record ed only if it applied to a m ajority of the shift hours. M inim um entrance rates (table B -2 ) relate only to the esta b lish m en ts v isited . They are p resen ted on an estab lish m en t, rather than on an em ploym ent b a sis. P aid holidays; paid vacations; and health, in su ran ce, and pension plans are treated sta tistica lly on the b a sis that th ese are applicable to all plant or office w orkers if a m a jority of such w orkers are elig ib le or m ay eventually qualify for the p ra ctices liste d . Scheduled hours are treated sta tistica lly on the b a sis that th ese are applicable to all plant or office w orkers if a m ajority are c o v e r e d .3 B ecau se of rounding, sum s of individual item s in these tabulations m ay not equal to ta ls. The fir s t part of the paid holidays table p resen ts the num b er of whole and half holidays actually provided. The secon d part com b ines whole and half holidays to show total holiday tim e . 4 A* Occupational Earnings Table A -l. O ffice Occupations (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, C harleston, W. Va. , April I960) Averaoe Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers NU M B ER OF W O RK ER S R E CE IVIN G ST R A IG H T-TIM E W E E KLY EARN
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