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Occupational Wage Survey BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA APRIL 1961 Bulletin No. 1285-53 UN ITED S T A T E S D EPA R TM EN T O F LA BO R Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU O F LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA APRIL 1961 Bulletin No. 1285-53 May 1961 UN ITED S T A T ES D EPA R TM EN T O F LA BO R Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU O F LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington 25, D.C. Price 20 cents Preface Contents Page The Community Wage Survey Program Wage trends for selected occupational groups_________________________ The Bureau of Labor Statistics regularly conducts areawide wage surveys in a number of important industrial centers. The studies, made from late fall to early spring, relate to occupational earnings and related supplementary benefits. A preliminary report is available on completion of the study in each area, usually in the month following the payroll period studied. This bulletin provides additional data not included in the earlier report. A consolidated analytical bulletin summarizing the results of all of the yearns surveys is issued after completion of the final area bulletin for the current round of surveys. Table s: 1. 2. A: Establishments and workers within scope of survey__________ Percents of increase in standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups ____________________________________________ Occupational earnings: * A - l . Office occupations________________________________________ A -2 . Professional and technical occupations _________________ A - 3. Maintenance and powerplant occupations ________________ A -4 . Custodial and material movement occupations__________ Appendix: Occupational descriptions __________________________________ * NOTE: Similar tabulations for these and other items, including data on establishment practices and supplemen tary wage provisions, are available in the Birmingham area reports for April 1952, January 1957, and March I960. A directory indicating date of study and the price of the reports, as well as reports for other major areas, is available upon request. Union scales, indicative of prevailing pay levels, are also available for the following trades or industries: Building construction, printing, local - transit operating employees, and motortruck drivers and helpers. 2 2 00 This report was prepared in the Bureau*s regional office in Atlanta, Ga., by Donald M. Cruse, under the di rection of Louis B. Woytych, Assistant Regional Director of Wages and Industrial Relations. 3 H Occupational W age Survey—Birmingham, Ala. Introduction This area is one of several important industrial centers in which the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics conducts surveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an area basis. The bulletin presents current occupational employment and earnings information obtained largely by mail from the establishments visited by Bureau field economists in the last previous survey for occu pations reported in that earlier study. Personal visits were made to nonrespondents and to those respondents reporting unusual changes since the previous survey. In each area, data are obtained from representative establish ments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transpor tation, 1 communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; re tail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Major industry groups excluded from these studies are government operations and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers are omitted also because they furnish insufficient employment in the occupations studied to war rant inclusion. Wherever possible, separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions. These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments is studied. In combining the data, how ever, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estimates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as re lating to ail establishments in the industry grouping and area, ex cept for those below the minimum size studied. take account of interestablishment variation in duties within the same job. (See appendix for listing of these descriptions. ) Earnings data are presented (in the A-series tables) for the following types of occupa tions: (a) Office clerical; (b) professional and technical; (c) mainte nance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and material movement. Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for full-time workers, i. e. , those hired to work a regular weekly sched ule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded also, but cost-ofliving bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, as for office clerical occupations, reference is to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-time salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar. Average earnings of men and women are presented separately for selected occupations in which both sexes are commonly employed. Differences in pay levels of men and women in these occupations are largely due to (l) differences in the distribution of the sexes among industries and establishments; (2) differences in specific duties per formed, although the occupations are appropriately classified within the same survey job description; and (3) differences in length of serv ice or merit review when individual salaries are adjusted on this basis. Longer average service of men would result in higher average pay when both sexes are employed within the same rate range. Job descriptions used in classifying employees in these surveys are usu ally more generalized than those used in individual establishments to allow for minor differences among establishments in specific duties performed. Occupations and Earnings The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational clas sification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to 1 Railroads, formerly excluded from the scope of these studies, were included in ail of the areas studied since JuLy 1959, except Balti more (September 1959 and December I960), Buffalo (October 1959), Cleveland (September 1959), and Seattle (August 1959). Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actu ally surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occu pational structure do not materially affect the accuracy of the earn ings data. 2 T a b le 1. E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y and n u m b e r stu d ie d in B ir m in g h a m , A la . , 1 b y m a jo r in d u s t r y d iv is io n , 2 A p r i l 1961 N u m b er o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s In d u s try d iv is io n A l l d iv is io n s W ithin s c o p e o f stu d y 3 W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s W ithin s c o p e o f study S tudied S tudied __________________________________________________________ 407 130 9 4 ,0 0 0 6 4 ,2 4 0 M a n u fa ctu r in g ________________________________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ____________________________________________________ T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s 4 __________________________________________ W h o le s a le tra d e 5 ------------------ ------------------------------------------------------R e t a il t r a d e 5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te 5 _________________________ S e r v i c e s 5> 6 ________________________________________________________ 155 252 53 77 5 3 ,5 0 0 4 0 ,5 0 0 4 0, 180 24, 060 39 63 74 45 31 19 15 22 11 10 1 2 ,2 0 0 6, 700 1 1 ,9 0 0 6, 100 3, 600 10, 2, 6, 3, 1, 270 320 640 190 640 1 T he B ir m in g h a m S ta n da rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a tis t ic a l A r e a ( J e f f e r s o n C ou n ty ). T he " w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f stu d y " e s t im a t e s sh ow n in th is ta b le p r o v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f the s iz e and c o m p o s i t i o n o f the la b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in the s u r v e y . T he e s t im a t e s a r e not in ten d ed , h o w e v e r , to s e r v e a s a b a s is o f c o m p a r is o n w ith o t h e r a r e a e m p lo y m e n t in d e x e s to m e a s u r e e m p lo y m e n t t r e n d s o r l e v e l s s in c e (1) pla n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s the u s e o f e s t a b lis h m e n t data c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b l y in a d v a n c e o f the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ied , and (2) s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y . 2 T he 1957 r e v i s e d e d it io n o f the S ta n da rd I n d u s tria l C l a s s if ic a t i o n M anual w a s u s e d in c l a s s i fy in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n . M a jo r ch a n g e s f r o m the e a r l i e r e d it io n (u s e d in the B u r e a u ’ s la b o r m a r k e t w ag e s u r v e y s c o n d u c t e d p r i o r to J u ly 1958) a r e the t r a n s f e r o f m ilk p a s t e u r iz a t io n pla n ts and r e a d y -m i x e d c o n c r e t e e s t a b lis h m e n t s f r o m tr a d e (w h o le s a le o r r e t a il) to m a n u fa ctu rin g , and the t r a n s f e r o f r a d io and t e le v i s io n b r o a d c a s t in g f r o m s e r v i c e s to the t r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s d iv is io n . 3 I n clu d e s a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith t o ta l e m p lo y m e n t at o r a b o v e the m in i m u m -s i z e lim it a t io n (5 0 e m p l o y e e s ). A l l o u tle ts (w ith in the a re a ) o f c o m p a n ie s in su c h in d u s t r ie s a s t r a d e , fin a n c e , auto r e p a i r s e r v i c e , and m o t io n - p i c t u r e t h e a t e r s a r e c o n s id e r e d a s 1 e s t a b lis h m e n t . 4 T a x ic a b s and s e r v i c e s in c id e n t a l to w a te r t r a n s p o r t a t io n w e r e e x c lu d e d . 5 T h is in d u s t r y d iv is io n is r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t im a t e s f o r " a ll in d u s t r ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g " in the S e r i e s A t a b le s . S e p a ra te p r e s e n t a t io n o f data f o r th is d iv is io n is not m a d e f o r on e o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g r e a s o n s : (1) E m p lo y m e n t in the d i v is i o n is to o s m a ll to p r o v id e en ou gh data to m e r i t s e p a r a t e stu d y, (2) the s a m p le w a s not d e s ig n e d in it ia lly to p e r m it se p a r a te p r e s e n t a t io n , (3) r e s p o n s e w a s in s u ffic ie n t o r in a d eq u a te to p e r m it s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t io n , (4) th e r e is p o s s ib i li t y o f d i s c lo s u r e o f in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t data. 6 H o te ls ; p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u t o m o b ile r e p a i r s h o p s ; m o t io n p ic t u r e s ; n o n p r o fit m e m b e r s h ip o r g a n iz a t io n s ; and e n g in e e r in g and a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . T a b le 2. P e r c e n t s o f in c r e a s e in sta n d a rd w e e k ly s a la r i e s and s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s in B ir m in g h a m , A la . , M a rc h I960 to A p r il 1961 O c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s O ffic e c l e r i c a l (w o m e n ) ________ In d u s tria l n u r s e s (w o m e n ) --------S k illed m a in te n a n ce (m e n ) --------U n sk ille d pla n t (m e n ) __________ A ll in d u s t r ie s M a n u fa ctu r in g 3. 2 1 .6 3. 5 1 .6 3. 2 1 .5 3. 3 .4 3 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups Presented in table 2 are percents of change in salaries of women office clerical workers and industrial nurses, and in average earnings of selected plant worker groups. For office clerical workers and industrial nurses, the per cents of change relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-time salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, they measure changes in straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for over time and for work pn weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The per centages are based on data for selected key occupations and include most of the numerically important jobs within each group. The of fice clerical data are based on women in the following 18 jobs: Billers, machine (billing machine); bookkeeping-machine operators, class A and B; Comptometer operators; clerks, file, class A and B; clerks, order; clerks, payroll; keypunch operators; office girls; secretaries; stenographers, general; switchboard operators; switchboard operatorreceptionists; tabulating-machine operators; transcribing-machine op erators, general; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on women industrial nurses. Men in the following 10 skilled maintenance jobs and 3 unskilled jobs were included in the plant worker data: Skilled— carpenters; electricians; machinists; me chanics; mechanics, automotive; millwrights; painters; pipefitters; sheet-metal workers; and tool and die makers; unskilled—janitors, porters, and cleaners; laborers, material handling; and watchmen. Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average sal aries or hourly earnings were then multiplied by the average employ ment in the job during the months indicated in the title of table 2. These weighted earnings for individual occupations were then totaled to obtain an aggregate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio of these group aggregates for the one year to the aggregate for the other year was computed and the difference between the result and 100 is the percent of change from the one period to the other. The percent of change measures, principally, the effects of (1) general salary and wage changes; (2) merit or other increases in pay received by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) changes in the labor force such as labor turnover, force expan sions, force reductions, and changes in the proportions of workers employed by establishments with different pay levels. Changes in the labor force can cause increases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. For example, a force expansion might increase the proportion of lower paid workers in a specific occupation and result in a drop in the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid workers would have the opposite effect. The movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other area establishments. The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effects of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job in cluded in the data. Nor are the percents of change influenced by changes in standard work schedules or in premium pay for overtime, since they are based on pay for straight-time hours. Indexes for the period 1953 to I960 for workers in 20 major labor markets will appear in BLS Bull. 1265-62, Wages and Related Benefits, 60 Labor Markets, Winter 1959-60. 4 A* Occupational Earnings Table A-l. Office Occupatbns (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is by in d u s tr y d iv is io n , B irm in g h a m , A l a . , A p r il 1961) A vebag * S ex , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers Weekly houro* (Standard) NU M B ER OF W O RK ERS RECE IVIN G ST R AIG H T-TIM E W EEKLY EARN ING S OF— Weekly U nder earnings1 (Standard) $ 4 0 . 00 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 4 0 . 00 4 5 . 00 5 0 . 00 5 5 . 00 6 0 . 00 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 under 4 5 .0 0 ~ _ 5 0 . 00 5 5 .0 0 6 0 . 00 “ _ 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00 % 8 5 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 $ $ $ $ s $ $ $ $ $ 9 0 . 00 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 " 85. 00 9 0 . 00 “ 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 " ~ ~ 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 - - - and 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 over M en C le r k s , a cc o u n tin g , c l a s s A ____________ M a n u fa ctu r in g __________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________ 140 75 40. 0 4 0 .0 65 40. 0 $ 1 0 5 .5 0 1 1 5 .5 0 9 4 . 00 C le r k s , a cco u n tin g , c l a s s B ____________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________ 77 38 39 4 0 .0 40. 0 40. 0 9 2 . 00 8 6 . 50 9 7 . 00 C le r k s , o r d e r _____________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________ 122 75 40. 0 40. 0 C le r k s , p a y r o l l ___________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________ 55 - - - - - - 8 - 3 4 - 8 - - 4 8 5 5 2 10 10 - - - - " " 8 . _ _ _ 2 2 - - - - t ~ 2 1 1 1 1 3 ! 9 2 3 15 7 8 10 1 8 - 30 4 6 8 26 9 8 6 2 2 1 17 16 1 8 6 2 9 7 2 4 4 1 - - _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 2 2 _ - _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - _ _ _ 5 _ _ _ _ 16 9 7 “ 6 5------- " " 22 2 40 34 2 1 1 1 3 " 2 2 - - " - - - - - - 5 5 2 2 4 4 7 7 8 2 6 5 6 5 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 2 3 3 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ' _ 1 _ 2 2 5 . 1 2 10 2 3 3 13 12 2 2 4 3 2 2 4 1 10 7 3 3 7 4 3 3 5 5 - 2 2 - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - 1 1 - - 7 6 . 00 7 3 . 50 _ _ - 9 9 7 4 4 2 17 ll 10 40. 0 9 9 .5 0 - - - - 40. 0 9 9 . 00 - - - l 1 - 49 5 5 1 1 - O ffic e b o y s _________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________ 57 46 40. 0 40. 0 6 0 . 00 6 0 .5 0 1 " 3 2 2 2 21 20 7 2 4 4 7 6 6 5 T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A ___________________________________ 25 40. 0 1 0 7 .0 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ___________________________________ N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g _____________________ 35 27 3 9 .5 39. 0 8 0 .5 0 7 5 . 50 2 2 2 2 2 1 | 12 6 4 6 4 2 - - 10 9 1 2 1 W om en B i ll e r s , m a c h in e (b illin g m a ch in e ) ____ M a n u fa ctu r in g __________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 ___________________ 105 34 71 32 39. 5 40. 0 3 9 .5 B i ll e r s , m a c h in e (b o o k k e e p in g m a ch in e ) __________________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________ B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A ___________________________________ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g _____________________ B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B ___________________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________ N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g _____________________ C le r k s , a cco u n tin g , c l a s s A ____________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 ___________________ - 15 2 6 - 14 1 10 - 20 4 13 6 - - " 13 6 10 3 16 10 9 4 4 - 39. 0 6 2 .5 0 7 3 . 00 5 7 . 50 67. 50 53 47 40. 0 40. 0 5 9 . 00 5 6 . 50 . 5 5 1 1 7 7 16 16 12 12 . - 6 6 5 - 53 37 4 1 .5 42. 0 7 3 . 50 66750 _ _ _ _ 1 20 3 9 10 " - " 1 20 3 9 4 294 40. 5 40. 0 5 7 . 50 7 0 . 00 - 23 - 56 - 71 15 39 - 45 5 9 4 28 10 9 9 9 9 40. 5 5 4 . 50 - 23 56 56 39 40 5 18 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 3 9 .5 8 0 . 50 _ _ _ 17 _ 1 10 19 30 49 7 42 5 18 _ 30 - 20 _ 19 - 28 9 6 . 00 77. 50 10 - 3 15 2 3 14 13 57 237 262 43 219 64 9 9 . 00 13 6 22 - 19 1 2 - 1 1 2 2 - 1 . „ _ . - - 2 _ 3 _ 2 2 _ 2 2 3 3 _ - 16 4 12 7 4 4 2 1 1 1 - . 1 - 5 1 - . . - - - - " 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 6 3 27 - 3 2 27 27 1 1 8 8 - 4 4 _ _ 3 3 - _ _ _ - S ee fo o t n o t e s at end o f t a b le . NOTE: " E s tim a t e s f o r a ll in d u s t r ie s , n o n m a n u fa ctu r in g , and p u b lic u t ilit ie s in c lu d e da ta f o r r a il r o a d s (SIC 4 0), o m it t e d f r o m the s c o p e o f a ll la b o r m a r k e t w a g e s u r v e y s m a d e b e fo r e J u ly 1959. W h e r e s ig n ific a n t , th e e ff e c t o f the in c lu s io n o f r a il r o a d s is g r e a t e s t on the da ta sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly f o r th e p u b lic u t ilit ie s d iv is io n . _ _ 5 Table A-l. Office Occupations-Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s fo r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s studie/d o n an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d i v is i o n , B ir m in g h a m , A la . , A p r i l 1961) N U M BER OF WO RK ERS R E CEIVING ST R AIG H T-TIM E W EEKLY EARN INGS OF— S e x , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ '$ $ $ $ $ Weekly, Weekly , U n der 4 0 . 00 4 5 . 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 9 5 .0 0 1 00.00 1 05.00 110 .00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130 .00 135 .00 *140.00 hours 1 earnings 1 and and (Standard) (Standard) $ u n d er 4 0 . 00 4 5 .0 0 50. 00 65, 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 15. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 1 00.00 105 .00 1 1 0 .0 0 115.00 120 .00 125.00 130.00 1 35.00 140.00 o v e r W o m e n — C on tin u ed 1 C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s B ____________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________ 596 108 488 39. 0 4 0. 0 38. 5 $ 6 4 .0 0 75. 50 61. 50 9 9 15 15 38 38 117 6 111 86 3 83 90 14 76 58 14 44 22 11 11 C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s A ________ _________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________ N on m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________ 86 29 57 39. 5 40. 0 39. 5 65. 50 79. 50 58. 50 " 7 _ 4 4 17 7 10 12 12 4 7 14 2 12 2 2 j 7 7 4 4 - 3 3 _ C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s B ____________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________ N on m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________ 251 48 203 39. 5 40. 0 39. 5 53. 00 77. 00 4 7 . 50 11 11 67 67 65 5 60 53 6 47 8 8 4 4 5 5 _ - 9 9 - C l e r k s , o r d e r _____________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________ 45 26 40. 0 40. 0 67. 00 58. 00 _ 3 3 _ - 1 1 4 4 17 14 6 4 _ - C l e r k s , p a y r o l l ___________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________ 212 125 87 39. 5 40. 0 39. 5 7 1. 00 74. 00 67. 00 8 8 9 9 5 3 2 10 1 9 31 22 9 26 20 6 31 21 10 C o m p to m e t e r o p e r a t o r s _________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________ 192 44 148 39. 5 40. 0 39. 5 63. 00 69. 00 | 6 1 .5 0 _ - 13 13 16 16 15 3 12 27 10 17 44 9 35 25 2 23 D u p lic a t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s (M im e o g r a p h o r D itto) K eyp u n ch o p e r a t o r s _______________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g _________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 ___________________ O ffic e g ir ls N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g 6 6 - - " - . " _ - _ " _ - - . - 9 8 1 _ - _ " _ " . " _ - . - _ - _ " _ - . - _ - . - _ " _ - _ - . - _ " 1 - _ 2 - _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ - - - " - - 12 8 4 9 7 2 16 11 5 - 6 2 4 _ " _ - 3 2 1 _ - _ - ~ - 1 1 11 i r 6 2 2 _ " _ - _ - _ - _ " _ - ! 2 1 1 _ - _ " _ " 11 10 1 30 1 29 1 1 - 4 4 2 2 1 1 - 2 2 - _ - 28 28 1 1 5 - _ 6 - 1 1 - 23 22 17 5 | 22 6 16 10 5 5 “ i ! j ! “ 10 13 ! 5 2 27 233 72 161 58 39. 5 56. 50 39. 40. 39. 39. 69. 85. 62. 63. 0 0 0 0 00 00 50 50 - i - - - - - - - - - - - 16 12 4 - 45 35 10 6 _ _ . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - . _ _ - - 13 1 _ _ . . 4 3 1 1 _ - - - " - " 25 3 22 4 88 29 59 4 53 13 40 3 78 23 55 8 84 39 45 14 43 9 34 8 56 34 22 14 31 12 19 7 37 22 15 8 60 49 11 5 80 28 52 46 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 3 2 2 80 29 51 32 69 20 49 22 50 27 23 7 53 38 15 9 52 17 35 19 100 92 8 4 1 1 1 9 8 1 - 2 2 - 18 6 12 9 - 4 1 3 3 103 30 73 10 39 30 9 9 - - - - - - - - - " - - " 8 1 7 2 - 6 1 21 3 2 1 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - . - _ - _ - 5 18 1 20 20 - _ - 2 2 2 - - " - - - - - - 19 11 8 7 1 1 4 _ - 4 4 _ - _ - 1 6 1 16 14 1 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - 2 - - - - - - - - - 5 4 5 3 21 20 2 2 _ - 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ “ “ " 17 - 4 5 5 - 40 1 39 18 18 3 15 12 48 2 46 10 19 18 13 1} 3 3 _ 31 5 26 - 11 n : i 759 307 452 148 39. 4 0. 39. 39. 5 0 5 5 88. 94. 83. 102. 00 00 50 00 _ - 12 12 - 2 2 - 9 1 8 - S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l _________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 ___________________ 861 307 554 168 40. 40. 39. 39. 0 0 5 0 72. 83. 66. 72. 00 00 00 00 9 9 7 7 37 37 96 16 80 14 66 127 11 19 55 I 108 19 ! 31 S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r s ___________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________ 155 40 115 40. 5 39. 0 41. 0 ! 17 17 13 1 4 ! S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n is t s ____ M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________ 110 57 53 40. 0 ! 39. 5 40. 5 j 16 3 11 8 T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s R N on m a n u fa ctu rin g _____________________ 59 52 38. 5 38. 0 64. 00 8 3 .5 0 57. 00 6 4 . 50 7 0 . 00 5 8 . 50 7 2 .0 0 7 1 .0 0 ! ! 3 22 j____ ! ! 22 6 17 17 - 11 1 - - 1 11 1 - - 1------ ~ " i 2 3 8 13 1 2 j------ T ~ 9 i I 1 3 i 4 4 - - i 19 10 9 19 9 10 ; 1 1 - 15 9 6 5 8 S e c r e t a r ie s M a n u fa ctu r in g __________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _____________________ P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 ___________________ 57. 50 4 9 . 50 39. 5 39. 5 i - 17 17 1 — F~~ 16 11 6 _ 1 1 - - _ - i _ - ! - 1 _____________________ 93 16 30 8 63 | 8 i 60 47 See fo o t n o t e s at end o f ta b le . ! ! 15 14 i - 1 4 - “ - 3 3 i i I “ _ “ _ - ~ J_______ 6 Table A-l. Office Occupations-Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is by in d u str y d iv is io n , B irm in g h a m , A l a . , A p r il 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF Average Sex, o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s tr y d iv i s io n $ $ s s !is S $ $ $ $ $ $ S $ $ $ $ S $ S $ Weekly Weekly U n d er 4 0 . 00 4 5 . 00 5 0 . 00 5 5 . 00 6 0 . 00 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 00 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 earnings1 $ and +> (Standard) (Standard) < • and under 4 0 . 00 4 5 . 00 5 0 . 00 5 5 . 00 6 0 . 00 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 0 0 ' 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 9 5 . 00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 o v e r Number of workers i W o m e n — C on tin u ed [ | T r a n s c r ib in g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , general ..... M a n u fa c tu r in g ____________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _______________________ 79 34 45 39- 5 40. 0 3 9 -5 ;$ 5 9 . 50 1 6 6 .5 0 5 4 . 50 - ____________________________ ____________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _______________________ 1 40 54 86 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 | 6 7 .5 0 1 8 1 .5 0 i 5 9 . 00 _ - T y p is t s , c l a s s B ____________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ____________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _______________________ 263 47 216 39. 0 40. 0 39. 0 5 3 . 50 I 6 8 .5 0 ! 5 0 .0 0 T y p is t s , c la s s A M a n u fa c tu rin g - 12 12 8 8 _ ■ 50 50 ! 12 ! 12 15 ! i 15 3 2 1 17 15 2 15 7 8 14 14 42 3 39 36 15 21 i _____5 _ i i i . . 1 1 4 5 7 j Z5 2 23 - 13 1 12 30 30 11 10 1 2 1 1 1 75 1 74 I i 11 6 6 11 i 1 1 17 1 13 1 j i j 4 12 12 | I 1 1 i I 10 9 1 1 “ ! - i i i 1 _ - 21 21 1 i - - 1 _ 4 4 _ i 1 1 - ~ ■ ! i - - _ - _ - _ - - " _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - " “ " " - - - 1 1 | - i________ - 1 1 1 - ! i------------- L _ - | - - - _ - _ - _ - - 1 S ta n da rd h o u r s r e f le c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r i e s and th e e a rn in g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . 2 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , co m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t il it i e s . 3 W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d as f o l lo w s ; 2 at $ 20 to $ 2 5 ; 4 at $ 30 to $ 3 5 ; 16 at $ 3 5 to $ 4 0 . Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a rn in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is by in d u s tr y d iv is io n , B irm in g h a m , A l a . , A p r il 1961) Average S ex , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s t r y d i v is i o n Number of Weekly hours’1 (Standard) Weekly earnings1 (Standard) NUM BER OF W O RK ERS RECEIVING ST R AIG H T-TIM E W EEKLY EARN ING S OF $ $ % $ s $ % $ S $ $ $ s $ $ $ $ S $ U n der 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 8 0. 00 8 5. 00 90. 00 $ 9 5.0 0 1 00 .00 105 .00 110 .00 115 .00 1 2 0 .00 125 .00 130 .00 135 .00 1 40 .00 1 45 .00 1 50 .00 155 .00 1 6 0 .00 165 .00 and and n d er 6 5 .0 0 u 70. 00 75. 00 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0. 00 95. 00 1 00.00 1 05 .00 110 .00 115 .00 120 .00 1 2 5 .00 130 .00 1 35 .00 140 .00 1 45 .00 1 5 0 .00 155 .00 1 60 .00 1 6 5 .00 1 | M en D r a ft s m e n , le a d e r ________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g __________________________ 40 37 40. 0 40. 0 $ 1 6 1 .5 0 162 .50 _ - - - " - " " _ _ _ 2 “ - - - 9 3.0 0 96.0 0 8 4 .5 0 3 22 13 7 5 2 14 10 4 5 9 7.0 0 99-00 _ 2 1 2 _ D r a ft s m e n , s e n io r ________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________ 393 338 4 0. 0 40. 0 131 .50 1 3 4 .50 D r a ft s m e n , ju n io r M a n u fa ctu r in g _ N on m a n u fa ctu rin g 187 137 50 4 0. 0 40. 0 4 0. 5 38 30 3 9 .5 4 0. 0 _ - 9 8 3 - i - - “ - ~ - - 4 4 7 7 6 4 6 4 1 11 4 14 7 7 13 10 3 20 14 6 28 23 5 9 5 4 5 5 2 2 5 4 6 4 4 4 22 16 7 7 , j 1 i _ - J _ - " | 8 8 1 _ “ - 4 3 2 2 3 3 8 7 2 14 14 21 19 17 15 13 13 22 22 7 6 23 23 57 57 17 17 . - ! 1 I 23 ! 40 32 49 43 30 29 11 1 6 ; 5 4 4 - 30 30 - - - _ - - - - 1 1 _ 1 1 _ _ 39 _ _ _ - _ - _ - _ - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ " 1 1 _ " W om en N u r s e s , in d u s t r ia l ( r e g i s t e r e d ) M a n u fa ctu rin g __ 6 5 3 2 1 S ta n da rd h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a i g h t - t im e s a la r i e s and the e a rn in g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . 2 W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s f o l lo w s ; 4 at $ 165 to $ 175; 4 at $ 175 to $ 185; 6 at $ 195 to $ 2 05. 3 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r ib u t e d a s f o l l o w s ; 6 at $ 5 5 to $ 6 0 ; 16 at $ 6 0 to $ 6 5 . NOTE; See n ote on p . 4 , r e la t iv e to the in c lu s io n o f r a il r o a d s . ~ ~ 7 Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , B ir m in g h a m , A l a . , A p r i l 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number O c c u p a tio n an d in d u s t r y d iv is io n of workers $ s S Average hourly . J n d e r 1. 30 1 .4 0 1. 50 1 . 60 and earnings $ 1 1 .3 0 C a r p e n t e r s , m a in te n a n ce --------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ------------------------------------ 312 294 $ 2. 88 2 .9 1 1 - - E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a in te n a n ce -------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ----------------------------------------- 682 665 3. 29 3. 30 _ _ E n g in e e r s , s t a t io n a r y -------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ----------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ------------------------------ 187 157 30 2. 85 2. 94 2. 34 62 53 2. 50 2. 73 H e lp e r s , t r a d e s , m a in te n a n ce ------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ________________________ MAnma nnfa rtnri-ng DiiKlir n tili ti a e ^ 556 512 44 31 2 .4 2 2. 48 1 .7 9 2. 02 M a c h in e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o lr o o m ------------------- 161 161 2. 97 2. 97 1. 50 _ - - - - - - - 6 10 2 10 1 $ 1. 80 1. 80 1. 90 1. 90 s $ ? 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 00 2. 10 S $ 2. 30 $ $ 2 .4 0 2. 50 2. 50 2. 60 $ $ $ $ $ $ 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2. 80 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 $ S 3. 20 3. 30 3. 30 3. 40 $ $ $ $ 3 .4 0 3. 50 3. 60 3. 70 u n d er 1 .4 0 F ir e m e n , s t a t io n a r y b o i l e r ____________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ------ --------------------------- 1. 70 3 _ - 1 1 9 9 1. 60 1 .7 0 - - 2 2 - - 4 3 _ _ _ 1 - - " - 6 6 20 20 8 2 - - - - 8 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 10 6 4 _ _ - - 1 1 52 32 20 20 2. 30 2, 20 2. 40 3. 10 3. 20 - 3 - 5 3 5 3 5 2 6 6 35 34 11 11 218 217 2 2 - 6 2 _ _ " - 13 13 13 10 3 1 5 5 30 30 15 15 84 83 75 69 5 5 3 3 6 7 5 2 11 11 3 i 2 19 18 1 _ _ " 8 8 14 14 85 84 1 1 2 - - - - 6 - 2 - _ _ " - 14 10 4 4 9 4 5 5 4 4 129 129 ! ! _ - " 4 4 3. 70 and over 11 11 - - - - 22 22 5 5 28 28 60 60 70 70 236 236 10 10 13 13 - 15 14 1 21 20 1 22 20 2 20 20 - 10 10 - _ 20 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ " 10 10 - " " “ 58 58 15 15 - - 12 12 - - - - _ 38 38 18 18 5 2 2 4 290 290 8 8 1 3 | 3 97 97 3. 60 - " 42 42 2 3. 50 - - - I 1 2 9 1 39 Q 2 M dnuiaC lu r in 39 7 g 1 -------------------- 42 42 j 692 691 3. 29 3. 29 312 107 205 157 2. 2. 2. 2. M e c h a n ic s , m a in te n a n ce ---------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------------- 657 582 75 2 .9 9 3. 07 2. 42 M illw r ig h t s ----------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ________________________ 359 359 3. 02 3. 02 O il e r s ________________ ______ _________ M a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------------------------ 157 157 2. 48 2. 48 M a c h in is t s , m a in te n a n ce ---------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ------------------------------------ M e c h a n ic s , a u to m o tiv e (m a in te n a n ce ) ---------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ________ t---------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------------- 53 52 53 62 . ■ . " - - - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ - - 6 6 - 6 6 | 10 4 - 6 - _ _ 3 3 - 15 11 4 1 “ 6 5 37 2 1 25 3 ! 12 49 8 6 _ _ _ 6 6 6 - 5 3 2 2 2 i “ - - - 6 6 - 6 - 34 23 11 _ - 1 - 8 7 7 15 15 2 2 12 12 35 35 70 70 55 55 119 119 28 28 6 6 6 6 26 26 7 3 4 22 3 19 18 6 .6 87 4 83 74 18 16 2 2 8 8 11 - 1 1 _ _ _ _ 11 - 18 18 4 - - - - 4 _ - _ - _ - 45 21 24 47 42 5 8 5 3 13 6 7 76 76 132 131 1 6 6 _ 61 61 32 32 _ - - - “ 40 40 - 94 94 - - - 9 9 42 42 24 24 23 23 159 159 . - - - 78 78 - - - 6 6 - 20 20 - - - - " " - 4 4 7 7 14 14 5 2 12 12 2 3 6 55 1 10 49 40 g 32 24 8 13 8 5 7 4 3 _ 18 18 6 6 17 17 10 10 18 18 9 9 22 22 4 4 2 2 3 3 10 9 18 18 15 33 33 11 11 5 5 3 _ - - i P a in t e r s , m a in te n a n ce _________________ M a n u fa ctu rin g --------------------------------- 73 62 2 .8 1 2. 85 T o o l and d ie m a k e r s ____________________ 108 108 2. 88 2. 88 1 1 1 [ 1_____" 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pa y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s fo llo w s : 1 at $ 1 to $ 1. 10; 5 at $ 1. 1 0 to $ 1. 20; 4 at $ 1. 20 to $ 1 .3 0 . 3 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t il it i e s . NOTE: See n ote on p. 4 , r e la t iv e to the in c lu s io n o f r a ilr o a d s , - _ (y - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ 8 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, B irm in gham , A la . , A p ril 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Under 0. 60 0. 70 and $ 0. 60 under 70 . 80 Occupation 1 and industry division E levator op era to rs, p assen ger (men) Nonmanufacturing $ 1. 06 E levator op era to rs, passen ger (women) Nonmanufacturing . 65 Guards ______________________________ Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing J anitors, p o r te r s, and cleaners (men) Manufacturing ____ Nonmanufacturing Public utilitie s 4 92 2. 31 1. 98 520 594 115 1 .8 4 1. 15 1. 70 J anitors, p o r te r s, and cleaners . 86 ~T74F Manufacturing ________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________ . 81 L ab orers , m aterial handling __ Manufacturing ________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________ Public utilities 4 __________ 1 ,6 7 8 838 840 279 1. 91 1. 52 2. 18 Order fille r s ______________________ Manufacturing ________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________ 46 266 2. 20 1. 39 60 51 1. 96 2. 34 1. 51 1. 10 1. 50 1. 90 2. 10 1. 00 1 . 20 1, 60 2. 00 2. 20 2. 60 2. 90 3. 00 and ^20 ~T7oT 110 0. 90 IT iT7 12 113 12 ; 10 19 78 ' 34 34 22 7 7 50 40 40 59 59 3 ' 10 69 T To 73 | 1! 66 7 T *T 56 27 ! 8 1 74 ] 5" 6 : 28 1 | 25 34 ‘ 8i 12 1 ! 2; 31 ! 3! 3~ 18 79 1 127 | 112 “54T 15 461 81 ST 47 1 64 I 457 19 ! 13 14 2 12 61 125 82 75 211 6 3 IT 36 ~36"' ~jr 3 ' 88 88 26 26 " 11 4 P a c k e r s, shipping _______________ Nonmanufacturing ____________ R eceiving clerk s _________________ Manufacturing ________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________ Shipping clerk s __________________ Manufacturing ________________ Shipping and receivin g clerk s __ Manufacturing ________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________ See footnotes at end of table. TST 163 79 2. 64 2. 17 1 13 26 “ 26" 2' 25 6 56 10 4 9 12 14 4 ~sS~ 9 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations-Continued (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Birm ingham , A la ., A p ril 1961) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation1 and industry division of workers $ $ $ S $ Average hourly , Under 0. 60 0. 70 0. 80 0. 90 1 . 0 earningsc $ and under 0. 60 . 80 . 70 . 90 1. 00 1 . 1 T ru ck d rivers 7 ____________________________ Manufacturing __________ _____________ Nonmanufacturing __ ________________ Public utilities 4 ___________________ 1, 875 649 1, 226 533 $ 2 . 00 1 . 18 1.9 1 2 .5 1 T ru ck d rivers, light (under IV 2 tons) _________________________ __ Manufacturing ______________________ Nonmanufacturing _________________ 183 54 129 1 .3 1 1 .5 4 1 .2 2 - - - - 15 15 2. 00 03 1 .9 9 2. 51 - - - 4 4 13 13 T ru ck d rivers, medium ( I V 2 to and including 4 tons) ___ ____ Manufacturing ______________________ Nonmanufacturing _________________ Public utilities 4 ________________ 1, 263 318 945 521 1. - Tru ck d rivers, heavy (over 4 tons, tra ile r type) _________________________ Nonmanufacturing _________________ 152 102 1 .9 4 2. 13 - T ru ck d rivers, heavy (over 4 tons, other than t ra ile r type) _____________ 73 1 .9 4 T ru ck ers, power (forklift) ______________ Manufacturing __________________________ Nonmanufacturing ______ _____________ 401 294 107 33 2. 13 2. 27 1 .7 5 2. 65 79 53 2. 11 2 .4 0 198 104 94 1 .4 5 1 .6 6 1 .2 1 P iih lir . u t i l i t i e s 4 T ru ck ers, power (other than forklift) __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ M aniifar.tiirin g Watchmen __________________________________ M a n u fa c tu rin g . _ _ Nonmanufactur mg 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 “ " - - 4 4 - 28 28 See note on p. 4 , $ $ 1. 30 1 .4 0 1. 20 1. 30 1 .4 0 82 82 134 134 175 10 165 101 28 73 “ " " 22 22 1 1 64 5 59 60 60 1. 50 $ $ $ $ 1. 60 1. 70 1 .8 0 1 . 1. 50 1. 60 1. 70 1. 80 1. 90 2 . 0 0 2. 10 145 112 33 ~ 87 60 27 - 2 2 14 10 4 5 3 2 " “ 6 3 3 3 " " 7 r 17 3 - 3 3 1 1 59 38 21 - 3 3 - - $ 9 0 $ $ 2. 00 2 . 1 0 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 and 0 84 106 - — 106 79 43 20 — 23 58 8 50 1 9 9 6 7 32 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 over 19 5 14 4 131 45 86 42 22 15 7 11 11 - - ' 395 137 258 253 16 16 - ■ 43 12 31 2 363 70 68 " " ■ - - - 4 4 5 5 - - - - - ~ 1 1 - - - - 14 10 4 5 3 2 70 70 68 16 7 9 2 338 155 183 161 8 1 7 1 47 3 44 40 16 9 7 “ 260 6 254 249 " 3 3 " " 2 2 20 20 6 6 45 42 " 4 4 " - - ' " 9 2 2 2 1 6 0 203 161 ■ - - - - - - - ■ " 1 8 “ “ " ~ 1 1 - “ 39 ~ 8 “ 9 9 18 " - - - - - - 18 9 - - 3 - - - - - - 20 - - 20 - 3 - - - - - 7 7 3 3 15 30 35 35 - 58 58 - - - 1 1 32 25 7 3 2 1 1 29 28 1 1 10 6 4 7 - 7 7 18 - 4 2 2 - 15 15 - 18 18 - 48 21 27 27 30 30 - 4 4 - 8 44 44 - - 3 7 7 13 5 - 17 17 2 2 6 6 _ 6 6 - 9 17 17 _ - 6 6 _ - _ _ _ - _ _ 16 _ - 9 16 _ relative to the inclusion of railroad s. 3 - 15 - - - 4 42 ~n 31 3 16 3 18 11 7 _ 4 _ “ 4 4 - - - - 6 6 10 3 l 27 24 3 4 3 1 9 4 9 14 13 1 — r —2 late sh ifts. 60. 8 at $ 3. 30 and over. 30; 20 at $ 3. 50 and over. 14 at $ 3. 20 to $ 3. 30; 12 at $ 3. 50 to $ 3. 60. - - 2 . 2 0 - Data lim ited to m en w orkers except w here otherw ise indicated. Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and W ork ers w ere distributed as fo llo w s: 38 at $ 0. 40 to $ 0. 50; 3 at $ 0. 50 to $ 0. Transportation, communication, and other public u tilities. W ork ers w ere distributed as fo llo w s; 6 at $ 3 to $ 3 . 1 0 ; 14 at $ 3. 20 to $ 3. 30; W ork ers w ere distributed as fo llo w s: 28 at $ 3. 10 to $ 3. 20; 8 at $ 3. 20 to '$ 3. Includes all d rivers regard le ss of size and type of truck operated. W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s : 8 at $ 3 to $ 3. 10; 10 at $ 3. 10 to $ 3. 20; A ll w orkers w ere at $ 0. 50 to $ 0. 60. N O TE : $ s 1. 10 1 .2 0 0 _ 9 3 4 . _ _ _ _ . _ 11 A ppendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose o f preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in cla ssifyin g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping o f occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because o f this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. O F F IC E BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, b ills, and in voices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May a lso keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerica l work inciden tal to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are cla ssified by type o f machine, as follow s: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or with out a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. Biller , machine (billing machine)— U ses a sp ecia l billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, E lliott Fisher, Burroughs, e tc ., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandum, etc. Usually involves application o f prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry o f necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number o f carbon cop ies of the b ill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Biller , machine (bookkeeping machine)— U ses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare custom ers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on custom ers’ ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a num ber of vertical columns and computes and usually prints auto matically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowl edge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types o f sales and credit slip s. Class A — Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure o f the particular accounting system used. Deter mines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated re ports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B — Keeps a record of one or more phases or section s of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic bookkeeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, pay roll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense d is tribution, inventory control, etc. May check or a ss is t in prep aration o f trial balances and prepare control sheets for the a c counting department. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or a c countant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a complete set of books or records relating to one phase of an e s tablishment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and 12 CLERK, ACCOUNTING— Continued balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receiv able or accounts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouch ers with proper accounting distribution; requires judgment and ex perience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; may direct cla ss B accounting clerks. Class B— Under supervision, performs one or more routine accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in o ffice s in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a func tional basis among several workers. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the n eces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers* earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and distrib uting pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe matical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) CLERK, FILE Class A — Responsible for maintaining an established filing system. C lassifies and indexes correspondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or supervise others in filing and locating material in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties. Class B— Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been cla ssified , or locates or a ssists in locating ma terial in the files. May perform incidental clerica l duties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives customers' orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective de partments to be filled. May check with credit department to deter mine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt o f orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled , keep file of orders received, and -ch eck shipping invoices with original orders. Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon sib ilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjust ments such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file o f used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a sp ecified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written information on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerica l work. 13 SECRETARY SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST Performs secretarial and clerica l duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into o ffice ; answering and making phone ca lls; handling personal and important or confidental mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the re corded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May pre pare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may type or perform routine clerica l work as part of regular duties. typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker's while at switchboard. TABULATTNG-MACHINE STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a type writer. May also type from written copy. May a lso set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing machine work (see transcribing-machine operator). p osi also This time OPERATOR Operates machine that automatically analyzes and translates information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints trans lated data on forms or accounting records; sets or adjusts machine; does simple wiring of plugboards according to established practice or diagrams; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine and starts machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. May, in addition, operate auxiliary machines. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype Or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scien tific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing- Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May a lso type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is cla ssified as a stenographer, general. machine work. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR TYPIST Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office ca lls. May record toll ca lls and take m essages. May give information to persons who ca ll in, or occasion ally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist. Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports or sorting and distributing incoming mail. 14 TYPIST— Continued TYPIST— Continued Class A — Performs one or more o f the following: Typing ma terial in final form from very rough and involved draft; copying from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent and varied use of technical and unusual words or from foreign-language copy; combining material from several sources, or planning layout of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final form. May type routine form letters, varying details to suit circumstances. Class B — Performs one or more o f the following: Typing from relatively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance p o licie s, e tc., setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. PR O F E SSIO N A L AND T E C H N IC A L DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problems. May a ssist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad ministrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur p oses. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing work ing plans, detail drawings, maps, cr o s s-s e ctio n s , e tc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying com pleted work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued writing specification s; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combiner tion o f the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending To subsequent dressing of em ployees’ injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. 15 MAINTENANCE D PO W E R PL A N T CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials n ec essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a ssist in repairing boilerroom equipment. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specification s; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or ch ief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded. HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing sp e cific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are a lso performed by workers on a full-time basis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and specification s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and 16 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued MILLWRIGHT— Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to clo se toler ances; makingstandardshopcomputationsrelatingto dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into me chanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. are required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specification s; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers o f gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill wright's work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an e s tablishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle andmaking necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechan ica l equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d is mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specification s for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur fa ces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specification s; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow , and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications* In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded . 17 TOOL AND DIE MAKER PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber's snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specification s; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Diemaker; jig maker; toolmaker; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specification s; using a variety of tool and die maker's handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions o f work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to clo s e tolerances; fitting and assembling o f parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker's work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification . CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. GUARD Performs rojutine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gate- men who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f employees and other persons entering. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the follow ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or 18 LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting d evices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded . ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers' orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating items filled or omitted, keep records o f outgoing orders, requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified as follow s: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the sp ecific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number o f units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closin g and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded . SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or a ssist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, in voices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de partments; maintaining necessary records and file s. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are cla ssified by size and type of equipment, as follow s: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis o f trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination o f sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under lV2 tons) Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified by type of truck, as follow s: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. U .S . GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1 9 6 1 O — 594720 Occupational Wage Surveys Occupational wage surveys will be conducted in the 82 major labor markets listed below during late I960 and early 1961. Bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover. A summary bulletin containing data for 80 labor markets, combined with additional analysis, will be issued early in 1962. Akron, Ohio— Bull. 1285Albany—Schenectady-Troy, N.Y.— Bull. 1285-51 Albuquerque, N. Mex.— Bull. 1285Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, Pa.-N.J.— Bull. 1285-47 Atlanta, Ga.— Bull. 1285* Baltimore, Md.— Bull. 1285-34 Beaumont—Port Arthur, Tex.-—Bull. 1285Birmingham, Ala.— Bull. 1285-53 *Green Bay, Wis.— Bull. 1285-2 Greenville, S.C.— Bull. 1285Houston, Tex.— Bull. 1285* Indianapolis, Ind.— Bull. 1285-28 * Jackson, Miss.— Bull. 1285-42 * * Jacksonville, Fia.— Bull. 1285-30 ❖ Kansas City, Mo.-Kans.— Bull. 1285-18 Lawrence—Haverhill, Mass.—N.H.— Bull. 1285* * Little Rock-North Little Rock, Ark.— Buil. 1285-6 Boise, Idaho— Bull. 1285❖ ❖ Boston, Mass.— Bull. 1285-15 * * Buffalo, N.Y.— Bull. 1285-31 Burlington, Vt.— Bull. 1285*57 * Canton, Ohio— Bull. 1285-29 Charleston, W. Va.— Bull. 1285Charlotte, N.C.— Bull. 1285* * Chattanooga, Tenn.—Ga.— Bull. 1285*14 Chicago, 111.— Bull. 1285- Los Angeles—Long Beach, Calif.— Bull. 1285Louisville, Ky.—Ind.— Bull. 1285Lubbock, Tex.— Bull. 1285* Manchester, N.H.— Bull. 1285-1 * Memphis, Tenn.— Bull. 1285-35 * Miami, Fla.— Bull. 1285-33 Milwaukee, Wis.— Bull. 1285* * Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn.— Bull. 1285-39 Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich.— Bull. 1285- Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky.— Bull. 1285Cleveland, Ohio— Bull. 1285-11 * *Columbus, Ohio— Bull. 1285-38 **Dallas, Tex.— Bull. 1285-21 ❖ ❖ Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111.— Bull. 1285- 16 ❖ Dayton, Ohio— Bull. 1285-41 ^Denver, Colo.— Bull. 1285*27 *Des Moines, Iowa— Bull. 1285*43 **Detroit, Mich.— Bull. 1285-37 ❖ ❖ Fort Worth, Tex.— Buil. 1285-23 *Newark and Jersey City, N.J.— Bull. 1285*40 New Haven, Conn.— Bull. 1285-46 New Orleans, La.— Bull. 1285-48 New York, N.Y.— Bull. 1285Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, Va.— Bull. 1285❖ ❖ Oklahoma City, Okla.— Bull. 1285-3 ❖ ❖ Omaha, Nebr.—Iowa— Bull. 1285-13 Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N.J.— Bull. 1285* ❖ Philadelphia, Pa.— Bull. 1285-24 Phoenix, Ariz.— Bull. 1285*55 Pittsburgh, P a.— Bull. 1285-44 * Portland, Maine— Bull. 1285*19 Portland, Oreg.—Wash.— Bull. 1285Providence—Pawtucket, R .I.—Mass.— Bull. 1285’ ❖ ❖ Raleigh, N.C.— Bull. 1285- 5 * Richmond, Va.— Bull. 1285*26 Rockford, 111.— Bull. 1285❖ ❖ St. Louis, Mo.—111.— Bull. 1285-10 * *S a lt Lake City, Utah— Bull. 1285-32 San Antonio, Tex.— Bull. 1285❖ San Bernardino—Riverside—Ontario, C alif.— Bull. 1285-4 San Francisco—Oakland, C alif.— Bull. 1285-36 Savannah, Ga.— Bull. 1285❖ ❖ Scranton, Pa.— Bull. 1285-8 sjojc Seattle, Wash.— Bull. 1285-7 ❖ ❖ ❖ Sioux Falls, S. Dak.— Bull. 1285-17 South Bend, Ind.— Bull. 1285-54 Spokane, Wash.— Bull. 1285“ Toledo, Ohio— Bull. 1285-50 * * Trenton, N.J.— Bull. 1285-25 * * Washington, D.C.—Md.—Va.-—Bull. 1285-22 Waterbury, Conn.-—Bull. 1285-56 ❖ Waterloo, Iowa— Bull. 1285*20 ❖ ❖ Wichita, Kans.— Bull. 1285-9 * * Wilmington, D e l.-N .J .— Bull. 1285-12 Worcester, Mass.— Buli. 1285York, Pa.— Bull. 1285-45 An asterisk preceding a labor market indicates the availability and price of the bulletin. Please do not order copies in advance. * *❖ ❖ ❖❖ Price 20 cents. Price 25 cents. priCe 15 cents.
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