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Occupational Wage Survey B A L T IM O R E , M A R Y L A N D D ECEM BER 1 9 6 0 Bulletin N o . 1 2 8 5 -3 4 UNITED ST A T E S D E PA R TM E N T O F L A B O R Arthur J. G old b erg , Secretary BUREAU 0 ^ LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner O ccupational Wage S u rv e y BALTIM O RE, MARYLAND DECEMBER 1960 B u ll e t in N o . 1 2 8 5 - 3 4 March 1961 UNITED ST A T E S D E P A R T M E N T OF L A B O R Arthur J. G old b erg , Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 20 cents Preface Contents Page The C o m m u n ity W age S u r v e y P r o g r a m The B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s r e g u la r ly co n d u cts a r e a w id e w a g e s u r v e y s in a n u m b e r of im p o rta n t in d u s tr ia l ce n te rs. T he s tu d ie s , m ad e fr o m la te f a l l to e a r ly s p r in g , r e la t e to o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and r e la t e d s u p p le m e n ta ry b e n e fits . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on co m p le tio n o f the stu d y in e a c h a r e a , u s u a lly in the m on th fo llo w in g the p a y r o ll p e r io d s tu d ied . T h is b u lle tin p r o v id e s a d d itio n a l d ata not in clu d e d in the e a r l i e r r e p o r t . A c o n s o lid a te d a n a ly tic a l b u lle tin s u m m a r iz in g the r e s u lt s of a ll of the y e a r * s s u r v e y s is is s u e d a ft e r c o m p le tio n of the fin a l a r e a b u lle tin f o r the c u r r e n t ro u n d of s u r v e y s . I n t r o d u c tio n _________________________________ ___________________ W age tre n d s fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s _____________________ T a b le s : 1. 2. A: B: E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ith in sco p e of s u r v e y __________ In d exes of s ta n d a rd w e e k ly s a l a r i e s and s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s , and p e r c e n t s o f in c r e a s e fo r s e le c t e d p e r io d s __________________ 3 O cc u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s : * A - 1. O ffic e o c c u p a tio n s _______________________ A -2 . P r o f e s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c c u p a tio n s _____ A - 3. M a in te n a n ce and p o w e rp la n t o c c u p a tio n s ____ A -4 . C u s to d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a tio n s __________ 10 E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w a g e p r o v is io n s : * B - 1. Shift d if f e r e n t ia ls ___________________________________ B -2 . M in im u m e n tra n c e s a l a r i e s fo r w o m en o ffic e w o r k e r s ___ B -3 . S ch ed u le d w e e k ly h o u rs _____ B -4 . P a id h o lid a y s _______________________________________ B - 5 . P a id v a c a tio n s ______________________________________ B -6 . H e alth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n sio n p la n s _________________ 12 13 14 15 16 18 A p p en d ix: O c c u p a tio n a l d e s c r ip tio n s _____________________________ N O T E : S im ila r ta b u la tio n s fo r th e s e and o th e r ite m s a r e a v a ila b le in the B a ltim o r e a r e a r e p o r t s fo r June 1 9 5 1, O c to b e r 1952, A p r il 19 5 5, A u g u st 19 5 7, A u g u st 1958, and S e p te m b e r 1959A d ir e c t o r y in d ic a tin g date o f stu d y and the p r ic e of the r e p o r t s , a s w e ll a s r e p o r t s fo r o th e r m a jo r a r e a s , is a v a ila b le upon re q u e s t. C u r r e n t r e p o r t s on o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and s u p p le m e n ta r y w a g e p r a c t ic e s in the B a ltim o r e a r e a a r e a ls o a v a ila b le fo r the m a c h in e r y in d u s t r ie s (M a rc h I960), h o te ls (M a rc h I960), and h o s p ita ls (June I960). Union s c a le s , in d ic a tiv e of p r e v a ilin g p a y l e v e l s , a r e a v a ila b le fo r the fo llo w in g tra d es o r in d u s t r ie s : B u ild in g c o n s tr u c tio n , p rin tin g , lo c a l - t r a n s i t o p e r a tin g e m p lo y e e s , and m o t o r t r u c k d r i v e r s and h e lp e r s . iii 3 in oo O' T h is r e p o r t w a s p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u ’ s r e g io n a l o ffic e in N ew Y o r k , N. Y . , by E llio tt A . B r o w a r , u n d er the d ir e c t io n o f F r e d e r i c k W. M u e lle r , A s s is t a n t R e g io n a l D ir e c t o r fo r W a g e s and In d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s . 1 4 19 Occupational Wage Survey—Baltimore, Md. Introduction T h is a r e a is one o f s e v e r a l im p o rta n t in d u s tr ia l c e n te r s in w h ich the U. S. D e p a rtm e n t o f L a b o r l s B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s has co n d u cted s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and r e la te d w ag e b e n e fits on an a r e a w id e b a s is . In th is a r e a , data w e r e o b tain ed b y p e r s o n a l v is it s o f B u r e a u f ie ld e c o n o m is ts to r e p r e s e n ta t iv e e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith in s ix b ro a d in d u s try d iv is io n s : M a n u fa ctu rin g ; t r a n s p o r t a t io n ,1 co m m u n ica tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e t a il tr a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in d u s t r y g ro u p s e x c lu d e d fr o m th e s e s tu d ie s a r e g o v e rn m e n t o p e r a tio n s and the c o n s tr u c tio n and e x t r a c t iv e in d u s t r ie s . E s t a b lis h m e n ts h a vin g fe w e r than a p r e s c r ib e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m itte d a ls o b e c a u s e th e y fu r n is h in s u ffic ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in the o ccu p a tio n s s tu d ie d to w a r ra n t in c lu s io n . W h e r e v e r p o s s ib le , s e p a r a te ta b u la tio n s a r e p ro v id e d fo r e a c h o f the b ro a d in d u s tr y d iv is io n s . T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e co n d u cted on a s a m p le b a s is b e c a u s e o f the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in s u r v e y in g a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts . To o btain a p p r o p r ia te a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t, a g r e a t e r p r o p o r tio n o f la r g e than o f s m a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts is stu d ied . In co m b in in g the d a ta , h o w e v e r , a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts a r e g iv e n t h e ir a p p r o p r ia te w e ig h t. E s t im a t e s b a s e d on the e s ta b lis h m e n ts stu d ie d a r e p r e s e n te d , t h e r e fo r e , as r e la tin g to a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts in the in d u s tr y g ro u p in g and a r e a , e x ce p t f o r th o s e b e lo w the m in im u m s iz e stu d ied . O ccu p ation s and E arn in gs T he o c cu p a tio n s s e le c t e d fo r stu d y a r e co m m o n to a v a r ie t y o f m a n u fa c tu r in g and n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s t r ie s . O c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s if ic a t io n is b a s e d on a u n ifo r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d e sig n e d to ta k e a c c o u n t o f in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t v a r ia t io n in d u tie s w ith in the s a m e jo b . (See ap p en d ix f o r lis tin g o f th e s e d e s c r ip t io n s .) E a r n in g s d a ta a r e p r e s e n te d (in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s ) fo r the fo llo w in g ty p e s o f o c c u p a tio n s: (a) O ffic e c l e r i c a l ; (b) p r o f e s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l; (c) m a in t e n an ce and p o w e rp la n t; and (d) c u s to d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t. la t e s h ift s . N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u ses a r e e x c lu d e d a ls o , but c o s t - o f liv in g b o n u ses and in c e n tiv e e a r n in g s a r e in clu d e d . W h ere w e e k ly h o u rs a r e re p o rte d , a s fo r o ffic e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a tio n s , r e f e r e n c e is to the w o rk s c h e d u le s (rounded to the n e a r e s t h a lf hour) fo r w h ich s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r ie s a r e p aid ; a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s f o r th e se o ccu p a tio n s h ave b een rounded to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r . A v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f m en and w om en a r e p r e s e n te d s e p a r a te ly fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n s in w h ich both s e x e s a r e co m m o n ly e m p lo y ed . D iffe r e n c e s in p a y l e v e ls of m en and w om en in th e se o ccu p a tio n s a r e l a r g e l y due to (1) d iffe r e n c e s in the d is tr ib u tio n o f the s e x e s am ong in d u s tr ie s and e s ta b lis h m e n ts ; (2) d iffe r e n c e s in s p e c if ic d u tie s p e r fo rm e d , alth ou gh the o ccu p a tio n s a r e a p p r o p r ia te ly c la s s if ie d w ith in the s a m e s u r v e y jo b d e s c r ip tio n ; and (3) d iffe r e n c e s in len g th of s e r v ic e o r m e r it r e v ie w w hen in d iv id u a l s a l a r ie s a r e a d ju ste d on th is b a s is . L o n g e r a v e r a g e s e r v ic e o f m en w ould r e s u lt in h ig h e r a v e r a g e p a y w hen both s e x e s a r e e m p lo y e d w ith in the s a m e ra te ra n g e . Job d e s c r ip tio n s u se d in c la s s if y in g e m p lo y e e s in th e se s u r v e y s a r e u s u a l ly m o re g e n e r a liz e d than th o se u se d in in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n ts to a llo w fo r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am ong e s ta b lis h m e n ts in s p e c if ic d u ties p e r fo r m e d . O ccu p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s tim a te s r e p r e s e n t the to ta l in a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith in the s co p e o f the stu d y and not the n u m b e r a c tu a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l s t r u c t u r e am ong e s ta b lis h m e n ts , the e s tim a te s of o c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t o b tain ed fr o m the s a m p le of e s ta b lis h m e n ts s tu d ied s e r v e o n ly to in d ic a te the r e la t iv e im p o rta n c e o f the jo b s s tu d ied . T h e s e d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l s t r u c t u r e do not m a t e r ia lly a ffe c t the a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n in g s data. E s ta b lis h m e n t P r a c t ic e s and S u p p le m e n ta ry W age P r o v is io n s In fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d a ls o (in the B - s e r i e s ta b le s ) on s e le c te d e s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry b e n e fits a s th e y r e la te to o ffic e and p la n t w o r k e r s . T he te r m " o ff ic e w o r k e r s , " a s u s e d O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t and e a r n in g s d a ta a r e show n fo r in th is b u lle tin , in clu d e s w o rk in g s u p e r v is o r s and n o n s u p e r v is o r y f u ll- t im e w o r k e r s , i. e. , th o s e h ir e d to w o rk a r e g u la r w e e k ly s c h e d w o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g c l e r i c a l o r r e la t e d fu n ctio n s , and e x c lu d e s a d m in u le in the g iv e n o c c u p a tio n a l c la s s if ic a t io n . E a rn in g s d a ta e x clu d e is t r a t iv e , e x e c u tiv e , and p r o f e s s io n a l p e r s o n n e l. " P la n t w o r k e r s " in p re m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and clu d e w o rk in g fo r e m e n and a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s (in clu d in g le a d m en and t r a in e e s ) en g ag ed in n o n o ffic e fu n c tio n s . A d m in is t r a t iv e , R a ilr o a d s , f o r m e r l y e x c lu d e d fr o m the s co p e o f th e s e s tu d ie se, x e c u tiv e , and p r o f e s s io n a l e m p lo y e e s , and fo r c e - a c c o u n t c o n s tr u c tio n w e r e in c lu d e d in a ll o f the a r e a s stu d ie d s in c e J u ly 19 5 9 , e x c e p t B a l t i e m p lo y e e s who a r e u t iliz e d a s a s e p a r a te w o r k f o r c e a r e e x clu d e d . m o r e (S e p te m b e r 1959 and D e c e m b e r I9 6 0 ), B u ffa lo (O c to b e r 19 5 9 ), C a f e t e r ia w o r k e r s and ro u te m e n a r e e x c lu d e d in m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s C le v e la n d (S e p te m b e r 19 5 9 ), and S e a ttle (A u g u st 19 5 9 ). t r i e s , but a r e in clu d e d as p lan t w o r k e r s in n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s t r ie s . 1 2 S h ift d iffe r e n t ia l d ata (tab le B - l ) a r e lim it e d to m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s t r ie s . T h is in fo r m a tio n is p r e s e n te d both in t e r m s o f (a) e s t a b lis h m e n t p o l i c y , 2 p r e s e n te d in t e r m s o f to ta l p la n t w o r k e r e m p lo y m e n t, and (b) e ff e c tiv e p r a c t ic e , p r e s e n te d on the b a s is o f w o r k e r s a c tu a lly e m p lo y e d on the s p e c ifie d s h ift at th e tim e o f the s u r v e y . In e s ta b lis h m e n ts h a vin g v a r ie d d if f e r e n t ia ls , the am ount a p p ly in g to a m a jo r it y w as u s e d o r , if no am ount a p p lied to a m a jo r it y , the c l a s s ific a t io n " o th e r " w as u se d . In e s ta b lis h m e n ts in w h ich so m e la t e s h ift h o u rs a r e p a id at n o r m a l r a t e s , a d if f e r e n t ia l w as r e c o r d e d o n ly if it a p p lie d to a m a jo r it y o f the s h ift h o u r s . M in im u m e n tra n c e r a te s (ta b le B -2 ) r e la t e o n ly to the e s t a b lis h m e n ts v is it e d . T h e y a r e p r e s e n te d on an e s ta b lis h m e n t, r a th e r than on an e m p lo y m e n t b a s is . P a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a tio n s ; and h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n sio n p la n s a r e tr e a t e d s t a t i s t ic a l l y on the b a s is th at th e s e a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll p la n t o r o ffic e w o r k e r s if a m a j o r i t y o f su ch w o r k e r s a r e e lig ib le o r m a y e v e n tu a lly q u a lify f o r the p r a c t ic e s lis te d . S ch ed u le d h o u rs a r e t r e a t e d s t a t i s t ic a l l y on the b a s is th a t th e s e a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll p lan t o r o ffic e w o r k e r s i f a m a jo r it y a r e c o v e r e d . 3 B e c a u s e o f rou n din g, su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s in th e se ta b u la tio n s m a y not e q u a l t o ta ls . T he f i r s t p a r t o f the p aid h o lid a y s ta b le p r e s e n ts the n u m b e r o f w h o le and h a lf h o lid a y s a c tu a lly p ro v id e d . T he s e co n d p a r t co m b in e s w h o le and h a lf h o lid a y s to sh o w to ta l h o lid a y t im e . T he s u m m a r y o f v a c a tio n p la n s is lim ite d to f o r m a l a r r a n g e m e n ts , e x clu d in g in fo r m a l p la n s w h e r e b y tim e o ff w ith p a y is g ra n te d a t the d is c r e t io n o f the e m p lo y e r . S e p a r a te e s t im a t e s a r e p ro v id e d a c c o r d in g to e m p lo y e r p r a c t ic e in co m p u tin g v a c a tio n p a y m e n ts , su ch a s tim e p a y m e n ts , p e r c e n t o f ann ual e a r n in g s , o r fla t - s u m a m o u n ts. H o w e v e r, in the ta b u la tio n s o f v a c a tio n a llo w a n c e s , p a y m e n ts not on a tim e b a s is w e r e c o n v e rte d ; f o r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f ann ual e a r n in g s w as c o n s id e r e d a s the e q u iv a le n t o f 1 w e e k 's p a y . 2 A n e s ta b lis h m e n t w as c o n s id e r e d a s h a vin g a p o lic y if it m e t e ith e r o f the fo llo w in g co n d itio n s: (1) O p e ra te d la te s h ifts at the tim e o f the s u r v e y , o r (2) had fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te s h ifts . S ch ed u le d w e e k ly h o u rs f o r o ffic e w o r k e r s ( f ir s t s e c tio n o f ta b le B -3 ) in s u r v e y s m a d e p r io r to J u ly 1957 w e r e p r e s e n te d in t e r m s o f the p ro p o rtio n o f w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in o ffic e s w ith the in d ic a te d w e e k ly h o u rs f o r w om en w o r k e r s . 3 D a ta a r e p r e s e n te d f o r a ll h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p en sio n p la n s fo r w h ich at le a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t is b o rn e b y the e m p lo y e r , e x c e p tin g o n ly le g a l re q u ir e m e n ts s u ch a s w o r k m e n 's co m p e n sa tio n , s o c ia l s e c u r it y , and r a ilr o a d r e t ir e m e n t . Su ch p la n s in clu d e th o se u n d e rw ritte n b y a c o m m e r c ia l in s u r a n c e co m p an y and th o s e p ro v id e d th ro u gh a union fund o r p a id d ir e c t l y b y the e m p lo y e r out o f c u r r e n t o p e r a tin g funds o r fr o m a fund s e t a s id e f o r th is p u r p o s e . D eath b e n e fits a r e in clu d e d as a fo r m o f lif e in s u r a n c e . S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e is lim ite d to th at typ e o f in s u r a n c e u n d e r w h ich p r e d e te r m in e d c a s h p a y m e n ts a r e m ad e d ir e c t ly to the in s u r e d on a w e e k ly o r m o n th ly b a s is d u rin g illn e s s o r a c c id e n t d is a b ilit y . In fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d f o r a ll s u ch p la n s to w h ich the e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u te s . H o w e v e r , in N ew Y o r k and N ew J e r s e y , w h ich h a ve e n a cte d t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u r a n c e la w s w h ich r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u t io n s ,4 p la n s a r e in clu d e d o n ly if the e m p lo y e r (1) c o n tr ib u te s m o r e than is l e g a l l y re q u ir e d , o r (2) p r o v id e s the e m p lo y e e w ith b e n e fits w h ich e x c e e d the r e q u ir e m e n ts o f the la w . T a b u la tio n s o f p a id s ic k - l e a v e p la n s a r e lim it e d to fo r m a l p la n s 5 w h ich p ro v id e fu ll p a y o r a p r o p o r tio n o f the w o r k e r 's p a y d u rin g a b s e n c e fr o m w o r k b e c a u s e o f ill n e s s . S e p a r a te ta b u la tio n s a r e p ro v id e d a c c o r d in g to (1) .plans w h ich p r o v id e fu ll p a y and no w a itin g p e r io d , and (2) p la n s p ro v id in g e it h e r p a r t ia l p a y o r a w a itin g p e r io d . In a d d itio n to the p r e s e n ta tio n o f the p ro p o rtio n s o f w o r k e r s who a r e p ro v id e d s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r p a id s ic k le a v e , an u n d u p lica te d to ta l is show n o f w o r k e r s who r e c e iv e e it h e r o r both ty p e s o f b e n e fits . C a ta s tro p h e in s u r a n c e , s o m e tim e s r e f e r r e d to a s exte n d e d m e d ic a l in s u r a n c e , in c lu d e s th o s e p la n s w h ich a r e d e s ig n e d to p r o t e c t e m p lo y e e s in c a s e o f s ic k n e s s and in ju r y in v o lv in g e x p e n s e s beyon d the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p ita liz a tio n , m e d ic a l, and s u r g ic a l p la n s . M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p la n s p r o v id in g f o r c o m p le te o r p a r t ia l p a y m e n t o f d o c t o r s 1 f e e s . Such p la n s m a y be u n d e rw ritte n b y c o m m e r c ia l in s u r a n c e co m p a n ie s o r n o n p ro fit o r g a n iz a tio n s o r th e y m a y be s e lf - in s u r e d . T a b u la tio n s o f r e t ir e m e n t p e n s io n p la n s a r e lim ite d to th o s e p la n s th a t p ro v id e m o n th ly p a y m e n ts f o r the r e m a in d e r o f the w o r k e r 's l if e . 4 5 T h e te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y la w s in C a lifo r n ia and R hode Is la n d do not r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u tio n s . A n e s ta b lis h m e n t w as c o n s id e r e d a s h a v in g a f o r m a l p la n i f it e s ta b lis h e d at le a s t the m in im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s o f s ic k le a v e th a t co u ld be e x p e c te d b y e a c h e m p lo y e e . S u ch a p la n n ee d n ot be w ritte n , but in fo r m a l s i c k - l e a v e a llo w a n c e s , d e te r m in e d on an in d iv id u a l b a s is , w e r e e x c lu d e d . 3 T ab le 1. E sta b lish m e n ts and w o r k e r s within scope of su rv e y and num ber studied in B a lt im o r e , M in im u m em p loym en t in e s t a b lis h m e n ts in scope of study In dustry d iv isio n M d. , 1 by m a jo r in d u stry d iv isio n , 2 D e c e m b e r I9 6 0 N u m b er o f e sta b lish m e n ts W o r k e r s in e s ta b lish m e n ts W ithin scop e o f study W ithin sc o p e of study 3 Studied T o ta l 4 O ffice Studied P lan t T otal 4 _______________________________________________________ _ 622 184 25 9, 600 4 0 ,4 0 0 17 4, 300 1 7 2 ,1 8 0 M an ufactu ring _____________________________________________________ N onm an ufactu ring ________________________________________________ T r a n sp o r ta tio n , co m m u n ic a tio n , and other public u t i l i t i e s 5 _____________________________ ________ W h o le sa le tra d e -----------------------------------------------------------------------R e ta il tra d e ____________________________________________________ F in a n c e, in su r a n c e , and r e a l esta te _____________________ S e r v i c e s 7 _______________________________________________________ 100 - 277 345 74 110 16 3, 700 9 5 , 900 1 7 ,4 0 0 2 3 ,0 0 0 1 2 0 ,0 0 0 54, 300 1 0 8 ,5 1 0 63 , 670 100 50 100 50 50 25 90 69 82 79 13 27 25 25 20 2 0 ,5 0 0 10, 300 36 , 300 18, 100 10, 700 4, 200 2, 40 0 3, 900 1 1 ,2 0 0 1 2 ,2 0 0 4, 500 2 8 ,7 0 0 6800 1 8 ,5 1 0 4 , 580 2 5 ,5 0 0 1 0 ,7 3 0 4 , 350 A ll d iv isio n s ( 8) ( 8) 1 The B a ltim o r e Standard M e tro p o lita n S ta tistic a l A r e a (B a ltim o r e C ity , Anne A ru n d e l, B a ltim o r e , C a r r o ll and How ard C o u n tie s). The "w o r k e r s w ithin scop e of stu d y " e s t im a t e s shown in this table p rovid e a rea so n a b ly ac cu ra te d e s c r ip tio n of the siz e and c o m p o sitio n of the la b o r fo r c e included in the su rv e y . The e s t im a t e s are not in tended, h o w e v e r , to se r v e a s a b a s is o f c o m p a r iso n with other a r e a em p lo y m en t in d exes to m e a s u r e em p loym en t tren d s or le v e ls sin ce (1) planning of w age su rv e y s r e q u ir e s the u se o f e sta b lish m e n t data c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in advance o f the p a y r o ll p erio d studied, and (2) s m a ll e s ta b lish m e n ts are exclu d ed fr o m the scope of the su rv e y . 2 The 1957 r e v is e d ed ition o f the Standard In d u strial C la s s ific a tio n M anual w as u se d in c la s s ify in g e sta b lish m e n ts by in d u stry d iv isio n . M a jo r chan ges fr o m the e a r lie r ed ition (u se d in the B u re a u ’ s la b o r m a r k e t w age su rv e y s conducted p r io r to July 1958) are the tr a n s fe r of m ilk p a ste u r iz a tio n plants and r e a d y -m ix e d c o n c r e te e sta b lish m e n ts f r o m tra d e (w h o le sa le or reta il) to m an u factu rin g, and the tr a n s fe r of radio and t e le v is io n b r o a d ca stin g fr o m s e r v ic e s to the tra n sp o rta tio n , co m m u n ic a tio n , and other public u tilitie s d iv isio n . 3 In clu d es a ll e s ta b lish m e n ts with total em p loym en t at or above the m in im u m -s iz e lim ita tio n . A ll ou tle ts (w ithin the area) of c o m p a n ie s in su ch in d u str ie s as tra d e , fin a n c e, auto re p a ir s e r v ic e , and m o tio n -p ic tu r e th e a te rs are c o n sid e r e d as 1 e s ta b lish m e n t. 4 In clud es ex e c u tiv e , p r o fe s s io n a l, and other w o r k e r s ex clu d ed fr o m the sep arate o ffic e and plant c a te g o r ie s . 5 R a ilr o a d s w ere ex clu d ed fr o m the su rv e y , as w ere ta x ic a b s, and s e r v ic e s in cid en tal to w ater tra n sp o rta tio n . 6 E stim a te r e la te s to r e a l estate e sta b lish m e n ts on ly. 7 H o te ls; p e r so n a l s e r v ic e s ; b u sin e ss s e r v ic e s ; au tom obile r e p a ir sh ops; m o tion p ic tu r e s; n onprofit m e m b e r s h ip o r g a n iza tio n s; and en gin eerin g and a r c h ite c tu r a l s e r v i c e s . 8 T h is in d u stry d iv isio n is r e p r e se n te d in e s tim a te s fo r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa ctu r in g " in the s e r ie s A and B t a b le s . S ep arate p r esen ta tio n of data fo r this d iv isio n is not m ad e fo r one o r m o r e of the follow in g r e a s o n s : (1) E m p lo y m e n t in the d iv isio n is too s m a ll to provide enough data to m e r it sep arate study, (2) the sa m p le w as not d esig n ed in itia lly to p e r m it sep a ra te p resen ta tio n , (3) r e sp o n se w as in su fficie n t o r inadequate to p e r m it sep a ra te p resen ta tio n , (4) th e re is p o s s ib ility of d is c lo s u r e o f in divid u al e sta b lish m e n t data. T ab le 2. Indexes of standard w eek ly s a la r ie s and s t r a ig h t -t im e h ou rly ea rn in g s fo r se le c te d occu p ation al grou ps in B a lt im o r e , M d . , D e c e m b e r I9 6 0 and S ep te m b er 1 9 5 9 , and p e r c e n ts of in c r e a s e for se le c te d p erio d s Indexes (O c to b e r 1952 * 100) In dustry and occu p ation al group D ecem ber I9 6 0 P e r c e n t in c r e a s e s fr o m — S ep te m b er 1959 S ep te m b er 1959 to D e c e m b e r I9 6 0 A ugu st 1958 to S ep tem b er 1959 A l l in d u str ie s: O ffic e c le r ic a l (w om en) _______________________________________ In d u strial n u r se s (w om en) ___________________________________ S killed m ain ten an ce (m en) ___________________________________ U n sk ille d plant (m en) --------------------------------------------------------------- 1 4 5. 4 1 5 0. 8 1 5 1 .6 1 5 7 .9 139. 146. 146. 151. 6 1 6 5 4. 3. 3. 4. 2 2 4 2 4. 5. 3. 5. M an ufactu ring: O ffice c le r ic a l (w om en) --------------------------------------------------------In d u strial n u r se s (w om en) ___________________________________ S k illed m ain tenan ce (m en) __________________________ ______ U n sk ille d plant (m en) --------------------------------------------------------------- 1 5 0. 6 1 5 3 .9 1 5 3. 1 163. 6 1 4 4 .7 146. 2 148. 3 154. 4 4. 5. 3. 5. 1 3 2 9 3 .9 3. 8 3. 2 5 .9 0 1 5 5 A u gu st 1957 to A u gu st 1958 3. 4. 5. 2. 5 7 3 5 5 .4 5. 2 5. 4 3. 5 A p r il 1955 to A u gu st 1957 O c to b e r 1952 to A p r il 1955 June 1951 to O c to b e r 1952 14. 9 13. 3 16. 3 2 1 .6 12. 17. 15. 15. 9 2 7 2 9. 7. 7. 6. 1 6 7 5 15. 14. 16. 20 . 14. 16. 16. 17. 2 9 7 1 8. 8. 6. 6. 5 3 9 9 7 5 8 3 4 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups P r e s e n te d in ta ble 2 a r e in d ex es o f s a la r ie s o f o ffic e c le r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u stria l n u r s e s , and o f a v e r a g e ea rn in g s o f s e le c te d plant w o r k e r g ro u p s . In a r e a s w h ich w e r e not s u rv e y e d du rin g the f i s c a l 1953 b a s e y e a r (Ju ly 1952 to June 1953) th is ta ble is lim ite d to p e r c e n ts o f change betw een s e le c t e d p e r io d s . F o r o ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u stria l n u r s e s , the in d ex es r e la te to a v e r a g e w eek ly s a la r ie s f o r n o r m a l h ou rs o f w ork , that is , the stan dard w o rk sch ed u le fo r w h ich s t r a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s a r e paid. F o r plant w o r k e r g ro u p s, th ey m e a s u r e ch a n g es in s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u rly e a rn in g s, ex clu d in g p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and f o r w o rk on w e e k en ds, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts. The in d ex es a r e b a s e d on data fo r s e le c t e d k ey o ccu p a tio n s and in clu d e m o s t o f the n u m e r ic a lly im p orta n t jo b s w ith in ea ch g rou p . The o ffic e c l e r i c a l data a r e b a s e d on w om en in the fo llo w in g 18 jo b s : B ille r s , m a ch in e (b illin g m a ch in e ); b o o k k e e p in g m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A and B ; C om p tom eter o p e r a t o r s ; c le r k s , file , c la s s A and B ; c le r k s , o r d e r ; c le r k s , p a y r o ll; keypun ch o p e r a t o r s ; o ffic e g ir ls ; s e c r e t a r ie s ; ste n o g r a p h e rs , g e n e r a l; sw itch b oa rd o p e r a t o r s ; sw itch b oa rd o p e r a t o r -r e c e p t io n is t s ; ta b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s ; tr a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , g e n e r a l; and ty p is ts , c la s s A and B . The in d u stria l n u rse data a r e b a s e d on w om en in d u stria l n u r s e s . M en in the fo llo w in g 10 s k ille d m a in ten an ce jo b s and 3 u n sk illed jo b s w e r e in clu d ed in the pla n t w o r k e r data: Skilled:— c a r p e n te r s ; e le c t r ic ia n s ; m a ch in is ts ; m e c h a n ic s ; m e c h a n ic s , a u tom otiv e; m i l l w rig h ts ; p a in te rs ; p ip e fitte r s ; s h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r s ; and to o l and d ie m a k e r s ; u n sk illed — ja n ito r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s ; la b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l handling; and w atch m en . A v e r a g e w eek ly s a la r ie s o r a v e r a g e h o u rly ea rn in g s w e r e com p u ted fo r ea ch o f the s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n s. The a v e r a g e s a la r ie s o r h o u rly e a rn in g s w e r e then m u ltip lie d b y the a v e r a g e o f 1953 and 1954 em p loy m en t in the jo b . T h e se w eigh ted ea rn in g s fo r in dividu al o ccu p a tio n s w e r e then tota led to obtain an a g g re g a te f o r ea ch o c c u p a tion a l grou p . F in a lly , the r a tio o f th e se jgroup a g g re g a te s fo r a given y e a r to the a g g re g a te fo r the b a s e p e r io d (s u r v e y m onth, w in ter 1952—53) w as com p u ted «and the r e s u lt m u ltip lie d b y the b a s e y e a r in d ex (100) to g et the in d ex f o r the g iv en y e a r . S im ila r p r o c e d u r e s w e r e fo llo w e d in c o m p ilin g " p e r c e n t s o f ch a n g e" in a r £ a s n ot su rv e y e d during 1953. A d ju stm en ts h ave b e e n m a de w h ere n e c e s s a r y to m ain tain c o m p a ra b ility so that the y e a r - t o - y e a r c o m p a r is o n s a r e b a se d on the sa m e in d u stry and o ccu p a tio n a l c o v e r a g e . F o r ex am p le, r a ilr o a d s have b e e n in clu d ed in the c o v e r a g e o f the s u rv e y s only sin c e July 1959. In com pu tin g the in d e x e s fo r the f i r s t y e a r in w h ich r a ilr o a d s w e re in clu ded , data re la tin g to r a ilr o a d s w e r e ex clu d ed . In dexes fo r s u b s e quent y e a r s in clu d e data fo r r a ilr o a d s . The in d ex es m e a s u r e , p r in c ip a lly , the e ffe c t s o f (1) g en era l s a la r y and w age ch a n g es; (2) m ierit o r oth er in c r e a s e s in pay r e c e iv e d by in dividu al w o r k e r s w h ile in the sa m e jo b ; and (3) changes in the la b o r f o r c e such a s la b o r tu rn o v e r, f o r c e ex p a n sion s, fo r c e r e d u c tion s, and ch a n g es in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e m p loy ed by e sta b lis h m e n ts w ith d iffe r e n t pay le v e ls . C hanges in the la b o r f o r c e can c a u se in c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the o c cu p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s w ithout a ctu a l w a g e ch a n g es. F o r e x a m p le, a f o r c e ex p a n sion m igh t in c r e a s e the p r o p o r t io n o f lo w e r paid w o r k e r s in a s p e c ific occu p a tion and r e sult in a d r o p in the a v e r a g e , w h e re a s a re d u ctio n in the p r o p o rtio n o f lo w e r paid w o r k e r s w ou ld have the o p p o s ite e ffe c t. The m ov em en t o f a h igh -p a yin g esta b lish m en t out o f an a r e a cou ld ca u se the a v e ra g e e a rn in g s to d ro p , even though no change in r a te s o c c u r r e d in other a r e a esta b lish m en ts. The u se o f con stan t em p loym en t w eigh ts elim in a tes the e ffe c ts o f ch a n g es in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n te d in each jo b in clud ed in the data. N or a r e the in d ex es in flu en ced by changes in standard w o rk sch e d u le s o r in p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e , sin ce they a r e b a s e d on pay f o r s t r a ig h t-tim e h o u rs. In dexes fo r the p e r io d 1953 to I960 fo r w o r k e r s in 20 m a jo r la b o r m a rk e ts w ill ap p ea r in B LS B u ll. 1 2 65 -62, W ages and R elated B en efits, 60 L a b o r M a rk ets, W inter 1959—60. 5 A* Occupational Earnings Table A-l. O ffice Occupations (A verage stra igh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, B altim ore, Md. , D ecem ber I960) N UM BER OF W O RK ERS RECE IVIN G ST R AIG H T-TIM E W EEKLY E A RN ING S OF— Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly earnings1 (Standard) 35. 00 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 and under 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65, 00 70, 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 95.00 100.00 105.00 115.00 100.00 105,00 110.00 120.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 and 20.00 125,00 Men C lerk s, accounting, c la ss A -----------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------Finance 2 ------------------------------------------ 309 174 135 72 39. 39. 38. 36. C lerk s, accounting, c la ss B -----------------Manufacturing ------------------------------------ — Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------- 131 71 60 39. 5 39. 5 40. 0 87. 00 91. 00 82. 50 C lerk s, order -------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------W h olesale trade ----------------------------- 120 93 72 40. 5 39. 5 40. 0 97. 00 97. 00 98. 00 C lerk s, payroll -----------------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------- 137 126 40. 0 40. 0 O ffice boys -------------------------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------- 284 103 181 118 38. 39. 38. 37. 161 90 71 Tabulating-m achine operators, c la ss A ___________________________________ Manufacturing --------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------- 0 5 0 5 $106. 113. 97. 92. 50 50 50 50 1 1 - 20 12 8 5 10 2 8 6 15 3 12 9 24 4 20 12 24 11 13 11 20 12 8 4 41 25 16 9 17 11 6 1 1 - 20 6 14 21 19 2 16 9 7 7 6 1 18 11 7 4 4 " ~ 6 5 5 6 6 6 3 3 1 6 6 5 22 17 13 12 7 5 - 1 1 4 4 8 6 10 10 6 6 9 8 24 6 18 8 26 8 18 17 2 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 - 3 3 - 2 2 - 2 2 - 5 1 4 11 1 10 3 3 3 8 8 7 16 16 11 24 24 15 31 5 26 16 45 4 41 18 3 3 3 19 19 19 10 10 10 11 11 8 13 13 13 3 1 2 5 3 2 " ~ 19 19 - 14 44 38 6 4 3 1 9 _ 14 9 - - 4 4 2 - 3 3 9 4 5 3 3 _ - 7 6 6 3 3 _ _ - - " - - _ - _ " 4 4 2 2 _ - _ - _ - _ - " “ " 112. 00 113. 00 _ _ _ _ " ~ - - 5 0 0 0 53. 00 55. 00 52. 00 5 1 .0 0 4 4 4 22 5 17 17 79 27 52 51 101 40 61 14 18 9 9 7 38. 5 39. 0 37. 5 102. 50 1 1 1 .00 9 1 .5 0 - - - - “ “ - _ - 1 1 1 Tabulating-m achine operators, c la ss B -----------------------------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------Finance 2 ----------------------------------------- 283 107 176 88 38. 39. 38. 38. 5 5 5 0 84. 97. 76. 71. 50 00 50 50 _ - Tabulating-m achine operators, c la ss C -----------------------------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------Finance 2 ------------------------------------------ 133 62 71 54 39. 39. 38. 38. 0 5 5 0 76. 89. 64. 57. 00 50 50 00 - 125 71 54 39. 0 39. 0 39. 5 64. 00 62. 50 65. 50 _ 5 4 " 5 4 - 1 1 - 16 6 10 7 15 11 4 - 21 9 12 7 4 2 2 5 1 4 3 3 - 28 13 7 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 _ - 15 11 7 7 6 6 6 6 9 9 3 1 1 - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - 7 5 2 21 6 15 28 8 20 26 14 12 21 21 - 6 2 4 5 5 8 8 - 1 1 26 7 19 16 26 12 14 39 33 6 1 26 20 6 - 7 3 4 - 6 6 - 5 5 - 5 5 - ~ 16 7 9 1 17 17 “ 8 6 2 26 26 - 7 7 - 6 2 4 4 4 " " 11 1 10 1 1 - 14 9 5 1 1 1 _ - - - - - 17 17 1 1 9 9 17 11 6 13 11 2 37 36 1 - - - - 13 9 4 - 9 3 6 2 2 - _ - _ - _ - " ~ 6 6 3 2 2 2 4 4 4 _ - 3 3 45 44 _ - 5 5 - _ - _ - - _ - _ - - 14 14 - 2 2 - _ - _ - _ - _ - - - - - - - - " - - - " “ “ - 2 2 - W omen B ille r s, machine (billing machine) Nonmanufacturing ------ -------------------------------- B ille r s, machine (bookkeeping machine) --------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ---------------------- -----Retail trade ------------------------------------- 92 62 54 39. 5 40. 0 40. 5 58. 50 5 5 .0 0 55. 00 _ - Bookkeeping-m achine op erators, c la ss A -----------------------------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------- 149 105 39. 0 39. 5 75. 00 79. 50 15 12 12 19 19 16 9 9 7 14 5 2 7 7 7 19 3 3 2 - - - 6 6 6 - - - - 8 1 6 19 15 36 20 10 1 18 17 j_______ See footnotes at end of table. 16 15 - - _ - - _ - - - - 9 9 - J ----------- - - - - - - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - ' - “ " - _ _ - - 6 Table A-1. O ffice Occupations-Continued (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Baltimore, Md., December I960) NUMBER OP WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARN]tNGS OP- A verage Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers S $ S S $ $ S $ S $ S $ S $ $ 95.00 1 0 0 . 0 0 105.00 1 1 0 . 0 0 115.00 1 2 0 . 0 0 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 Weeklyj Weekly x 5 s. 00 40 . 00 I 5 . 0 0 l o . 00 I 5 . 00 ? 0 . 00 I s . 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 9 0 . 0 0 earnings hours and and (Standard) (Standard) under 40 . 00 45 . 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 9 0 .0 0 95. 00 1 0 0 - 0 0 1Q5.QQ 11Q.QQ 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .QQ 125.00 130.00 1 3 5 .Q0 14Q.0Q over , Women— Continued Bookkeeping-m achine op erators, c la ss B __________________________________ Manufacturing _________________________ 37. 5 39. 0 37. 5 3 9 .5 37. 0 $ 5 4 .5 0 69. 0 0 53. 00 53. 50 5 1 .0 0 38. 0 3 9 .5 37. 5 3 9 .5 37. 0 82. 0 0 93. 00 7 8 .0 0 6 8 . 50 77. 50 790 90 147 231 38. 0 39. 0 37. 5 3 9 .5 39. 5 38. 0 . 00 7 7 .5 0 63. 00 78. 50 57. 50 57. 50 C le r k s, file , c la ss A _________ _______ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ Finance 2 ----------------------------------------- 147 99 57 38. 0 38. 5 37. 5 67. 50 65. 00 60. 50 - C le r k s, file , c la ss B __________________ Manufacturing _________________________ 761 170 591 72 78 364 38. 5 3 9 .5 38. 0 3 9 .5 40. 0 37. 5 52. 00 30 6 0 . 00 - 49. 58. 46. 47. 50 00 00 00 30 326 98 228 143 38. 37. 38. 39. 5 5 5 5 62. 72. 58. 54. Clerks, payroll ________________________ Manufacturing ______________ ______ Nonmanufacturing __________________ Public utilities 3 _________________ Retail trade _____________________ Finance2 _________________________ 494 261 233 42 96 38. 38. 38. 38. 39. 36. 5 5 5 5 5 5 73. 77. 68. 76. 65. 66. Comptometer operators _______________ Manufacturing ______________________ Nonmanufacturing __________________ Wholesale trade _________________ Retail trade _________ :------------------ 300 118 182 52 125 3 8 .0 40. 0 3 7 .0 75. 00 80. 50 7 1 .5 0 80. 00 67. 50 Duplicating-machine operators (Mimeograph or Ditto) _______________ 72 39. 5 63. 50 Retail trade ---------------------------------------------__________________________________ Finance 2 C le r k s, accounting, c la ss A ---------------------Manufacturing _______________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ Retail trade ________________________ Finance 2 ___________________________ C lerk s, accounting, c la ss B ----------------Manufacturing ________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ W holesale trade ___________________ TTir>anrp ^ Nonmanufacturing __________________ Wholesale trade ______________ *__ Retail trade _____________________ Finance2 _________________________ Clerks, order __________________________ Manufacturing ______________________ Nonmanufacturing __________________ R Atail tra^A 647 70 577 86 412 492 137 355 62 132 991 201 62 38. 5 i9 .6 66 34 88 - 130 130 - 88 10 34 73 107 - 34 20 132 26 106 15 73 61 12 - 17 24 - 8 - 12 17 16 39 102 2 100 17 74 4 57 17 31 27 7 10 15 23 4 19 6 6 20 25 5 2 - - 6 6 - - 39 56 73 49 - 21 12 52 13 15 37 5 19 78 15 63 117 29 31 53 22 21 11 11 9 - 32 18 - 6 14 7 12 6 3 1 1 1 - _ _ _ - - - - - - 12 6 6 11 - - 11 4 24 56 3 28 72 94 157 39 118 4 32 33 119 23 96 78 14 64 11 13 11 6 21 12 88 11 6 7 32 31 23 5 4 3 8 27 7 11 3 3 - 30 30 - 3 28 2 - 156 7 149 - 2 72 24 46 92 3 2 2 2 169 8 161 26 32 16 14 13 131 18 113 9 - 12 11 6 25 28 11 24 112 122 63 50 00 50 00 2 2 2 12 12 12 46 31 00 50 50 00 50 50 - 1 1 1 _ 1 - - - 1 - - - 46 44 31 23 11 - 40 19 11 21 5 4 16 38 29 32 17 8 135 58 77 15 7 35 40 3 37 23 66 27 44 10 22 7 - - 69 46 32 14 15 7 32 21 48 23 48 26 16 12 18 6 12 32 5 26 14 2 12 3 3 1 6 7 16 66 21 1 19 1 4 4 1 10 8 12 9 9 - 1 1 12 8 8 18 13 - 11 2 1 82 35 47 4 1 23 15 17 5 13 5 7 3 5 10 1 5 4 - - 45 16 29 7 15 15 3 12 12 12 179 9 170 31 35 3 8 7 40 32 - 20 12 7 9 - 9 14 2 2 - 2 2 1 1 - - - - _ - _ - - - - - - - — - - _ - _ 8 - - - - - - - - - - - 51 28 23 - 34 18 12 6 16 9 7 8 10 1 1 5 7 7 - - 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 - - - _ _ . _ _ 6 8 2 2 - * 24 3 18 18 18 - - 8 _ 1 2 6 6 4 4 _ 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - _ - _ - _ - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - _ . _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 2 2 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - 1 - - _ - _ - 23 15 3 3 - - 43 23 9 - - 5 11 - - - 46 25 26 22 8 23 25 12 14 11 14 21 15 5 16 11 14 7 7 12 3 9 11 10 1 . 7 26 11 - 20 1 5 8 8 4 8 7 1 12 7 5 5 - 10 - - - - 3 3 A 3 3 - 2 2 6 6 1 1 - - - _ _ _ - - - - - - 2 2 2 _ _ - - _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ - - 3 - - - - - - - 2 " - 3 - - - - 8 6 4 4 2 - 2 I See footnotes at end of table, _ - 22 - 5 - 10 2 8 45 23 16 2 6 6 11 4 - _ 8 2 - 6 - - 4 3 33 18 15 1 6 ~ 5------- - 8 33 28 5 - 8 5 3 - - 7 Table A-l. O ffice Occupatbns-Continued (Average, stra igh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, B altim ore, Md. , D ecem ber I960) N UM BER OF W O RK ERS RECE IVIN G ST R AIG H T-TIM E W EEKLY EARN ING S OF— Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers $ S $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ * S s $ $ s S Weekly Weekly 35. 00 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 $55. 00 $60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 hours 1 earnings1 and (Standard) (Standard) under and 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 over W omen— Continued Keypunch operators --------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------Public u tilities 3 ----------------------------W holesale trade ----------------------------- 972 350 622 93 63 38. 39. 38. 39. 40. 5 5 0 0 0 285 37 5 Office g irls -----------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------- 81 60 S ecretaries -----------------------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------Public utilities 3 ----------------------------W h olesale trade ----------------------------Retail trade ------------------------------------F in a n c e2 ----------------------------------------Stenographers, general -------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing ---------------------------- Public utilities 3 ----------------------------Finanrp ^ . . .. . Stenographers, technical $ 6 8 .0 0 77. 50 62. 50 65. 50 83. 50 57 4 4 - 16 16 14 45 45 - - 50 39. 0 39. 0 54. 00 5 3 .5 0 2, 205 987 1, 218 129 205 133 597 38. 39. 38. 39. 39. 39. 37. 5 5 0 0 0 5 5 85. 00 93. 00 7 9 .0 0 92. 50 83. 50 7 5 .5 0 74. 50 _ _ 1, 520 677 843 129 585 38. 39. 37. 39. 37. 5 5 5 5 0 7 1 .0 0 80. 00 63. 50 7 1 .5 0 60. 00 _ - 38 104 1 103 14 3 34 118 15 103 7 62 161 37 124 40 52 7 7 17 14 36 25 7 3 5 _ - 6 6 _ _ 6 65 8 57 2 10 10 10 65 65 65 27 27 33 - ------------------------ 74 39. 0 86. 00 Switchboard operators ----------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------- 401 126 275 44 83 68 39. 39. 40. 39. 40. 37. 5 5 0 5 5 5 65. 79. 59. 70. 54. 62. Switchboard o p erator-recep tion ists ----Manufacturing ----------------------------- — Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------W h olesale trade ----------------------------- 331 184 147 56 38. 38. 38. 39. 5 5 5 5 65. 00 65. 50 6 4 .0 0 65. 50 - - Tabulating-m achine operators, class B -----------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------Finance 2 ----------------------------------------- 179 159 68 37. 5 37. 0 36. 0 7 7 .0 0 73. 00 68. 50 - - - Tabulating-m achine operators, c la ss C ------------------------------------------------------ 55 38. 0 68. 50 - 39. 39. 39. 39. 69. 76. 66. 59. - T ran scrib in g-m achin e operators, general -------------------------------------------- -----Manufacturing --------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------- 289 94 195 129 0 0 5 0 50 50 00 00 50 50 50 00 50 50 11 411 - 3 1 3 33 70 44 26 2 6 12 98 60 38 7 9 6 5 - 5 5 1 1 8 47 46 8 38 2 5 28 135 23 112 3 19 4 81 173 27 146 10 25 15 89 203 67 136 17 35 13 71 251 88 163 17 34 64 130 11 119 1 110 146 27 119 20 85 246 54 192 10 162 186 70 116 23 68 179 95 84 16 41 191 110 81 35 24 15 11 14 7 12 3 39 39 35 2 33 4 10 61 16 56 16 40 32 17 15 18 16 2 17 17 - 15 13 2 7 6 45 4 14 22 37 15 22 14 8 15 8 4 31 19 12 7 1 6 19 19 - 5 5 - 3 2 1 1 - 1 27 10 18 2 24 22 2 145 43 102 11 40 24 8 11 10 103 67 36 12 20 3 35 30 5 5 42 31 11 11 19 17 2 9 2 7 2 2 - 1 1 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 17 26 18 _ _ 7 51 48 3 3 _ 10 4 6 _ 6 _ 4 4 _ _ _ ' _ 9 4 5 5 _ _ 4 3 1 _ 1 _ - - - - - 4 4 _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ 1 2 268 92 176 3 20 35 92 214 113 101 20 11 7 29 177 70 107 7 36 8 43 139 109 30 6 12 _ 5 222 147 75 35 18 _ 14 113 92 21 2 1 16 72 63 9 1 _ 3 5 95 65 30 13 14 59 38 21 11 6 111 109 2 - 47 45 2 - 32 31 1 - 15 14 2 2 _ 1 1 - ! _ 1 1 11 _ 6 3 3 3 3 - 2 2 - 2 _ 2 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - - 2 2 3 3 - - - - - - _ - - 8 - - - . - - - - - - 1 19 “ 66 41 25 16 79 41 38 16 23 8 15 5 50 21 29 8 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 4 2 7 7 6 49 49 21 35 35 27 45 44 8 10 10 - 2 2 - 10 1 - - " - 3 - 6 5 6 - 1 15 6 4 - 1 5 4 2 - - - - _ - _ _ - 21 21 18 28 5 23 21 31 2 29 28 37 15 22 17 53 23 30 24 42 13 29 19 10 3 7 21 11 10 1 9 4 8 8 13 9 4 2 2 3 3 11 9 2 - - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 5 5 5 1 1 See footnotes at end of table. i 8 Table A-1. O ffice Occupatbns-Continued (A verage stra igh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, B altim ore, Md. , D ecem b er I960) N UM BER OF W O RK ERS R E CE IVIN G STR AIG H T-TIM E W EEKLY EARN ING S OF A verage Sex, o ccu p a tio n , a n d in d u s t r y d iv is i o n of workers $ Weekly 35 . 00 earnings1 (Standard) u n d e r 4 0 . 00 Weekly $ S 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ s 90. 00 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 $ 4 0 . 00 $ 4 5 . 00 $ 5 0 . 00 $ 5 5 . 00 $ 6 0 . 00 $ 6 5 . 00 $ 70. 00 $ 7 5 . 00 - - - - - - - - - - - 4 5 . 00 5 0 . 00 5 5 . 00 6 0 . 00 6 5 . 00 7 0 . 00 75 . 00 8 0 . 00 8 5 . 00 9 0 . 00 9 5 . 00 - - (Standard) - - - - - - - 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 and over 1 ------------------ ! W o m e n — C o n tin u e d 840 T y p is t s , c la s s A -----------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------------------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 3 ----------------------------------- 529 311 57 39. 39. 38. 38. --------------------------------------------------- 160 38. 0 B ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1, 2 1 4 337 38. 5 M a n u fa c t u r in g F in a n ce 2 T y p is t s , c la s s N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------------------- 877 ----------------------------------- 72 111 W h o le s a le tr a d e R e ta il tr a d e ---------------------------------------------F in a n ce 2 ----------------------------------------- __ 1 2 3 4 653 40. 0 39- 5 38. 0 10 43 225 252 16 26 101 255 5 53 - 5 2 . 50 5 6 5 . 00 5 5 . 00 - 5 0 . 50 5 78 _ _ _ - - - - - - 11 1 6 1 7 7 - - - - - - - - - - 6 - - - - 42 13 8 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - 3 2 1 - 19 16 10 5 5 _ 13 12 12 8 23 - - - - - - - - 5 5 - - - 1 - - - - - - - - 4 154 5 22 - _ 18 21 290 3 22 53 - _ - 53 35 18 250 5 6 6 163 86 77 232 5 5 . 50 6 3 .0 0 29 18 16 10 44 357 67 13 11 70 - 6 2 - 4 4 9 13 37 - 11 4 6 34 66 12 - 111 104 69 23 38 - 70 - 47 41 92 76 58 107 41 13 - 173 162 134 50 12 6 5 9 . 50 6 0 . 50 39. 0 38. 5 _ - $ 7 2 . 00 7 7 .0 0 6 2 . 50 5 5 5 5 6 4 23 ; i 3 - 3 5 - _ Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular stra igh t-tim e salarie s and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Finance, insurance, and real estate. Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public u tilities. Includes 8 w orkers at $ 30 to $ 35. Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupatbns (A verage stra igh t-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, B altim ore, Md. , D ecem b er I960) A verage Sex, o ccu p a tio n , a n d in d u s t r y d iv is i o n Number of workers Weekly hours 1 (Standard) NUM B ER OF W O RK ERS R E CE IVIN G ST R AIG H T-TIM E W E E KLY E A RN IN G S OF Weekly U nder earnings1 <t (Standard) 60. 00 $ 00 *65. 60. and under 6 5 . 00 00 $ 7 0 . 00 “ 7 5 . 00 “ 7 0 . 00. 7 5 . 0 0 80. 00 80. 00 8 5 . 00 $ $ 90 00$ 110.00 120.00$ 100.00 ■ 00 100.00 110.00 120.00 8 5 . 00 ~ 90. . 1 0 5 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 9 5 . 00 1 0 5 .0 0 $ $ $ $ s 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 1 5 5 .0 0 1 6 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 " 1 1 5 .0 0 “ “ " “ ~ “ ~ " 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 1 5 5 .0 0 1 6 0 .0 0 and over . M en D r a fts m e n , le a d e r M a n u fa c t u r in g D r a fts m e n , s e n io r 105 105 40. 0 40. 0 $ 1 4 1 .5 0 1 4 1 .5 0 _ _ _ - " " , 082 875 1 1 8 .5 0 1 2 1 .5 0 _ _ _ - - - - - - - 207 40. 0 40. 0 3 9 .5 420 282 138 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 8 4 .5 0 153 39. 5 40. 0 100.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ---------- __ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------- ---------- -----N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------------------D r a fts m e n , ju n io r -------------------------------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g -----------------------------------------------TSTrYTvrr) ^ rjnT^* n “ri n g 1 1 0 4 .5 0 - _ " - “ 19 13 27 25 45 31 _ _ 7 " ~ 16 6 2 _ “ - 22 88.00 6 3 7 7 .0 0 _ 19 26 22 9 27 26 1 79 25 54 _ _ _ ~ " - _ 32 42 52 7 25 25 17 17 35 51 37 35 28 42 26 2 36 6 8 7 27 23 36 15 2 _ 109 55, 54 84 76 8 19 19 103 80 23 18 18 12 12 12 10 16 16 19 19 6 6 2 2 177 163 14 97 92 5 59 15 74 9 9 _ _ - 1 1 4 4 67 1 1 4 4 1 1 12 12 6 6 11 11 2 31 31 22 22 49 40 62 62 57 57 17 17 9 ~ - - - - _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ 9 9 2 2 _ _ _ - " - * - - 66 1 W om en N u r s e s , in d u s tr ia l (r e g is t e r e d ) --------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------------------------------ 121 9 6 .5 0 1 6 ~ 4 10 3 29 24 24 22 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular stra igh t-tim e salarie s and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 5 at $ 160 to $ 170; 18 at $ 170 to $ 180; 8 at $ 180 to $ 190. A ll w orkers w ere at $ 50 to $ 60. 9 Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for m en in selected occupations studied on an area b asis by industry division, B altim ore, Md. , D ecem ber I960) N U M BER OF W O RK ERS R E CE IVIN G S T R A IG H T-TIM E H OURLY E A RN IN G S OF— Occupation and industry division of workers $ |$ hourly , Under 1. 60 1. 70 earnings and $ ' under 1. 60 1. 70 1. 80 $ 1. 80 $ 1. 90 $ 2. 00 $ 2. 10 1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 $ 2. 20 $ 2. 30 $ 2. 40 2. 30 2 .4 0 2. 50 $ $ 2. 50 - 2. 60 2. 60 2. 70 $ 2. 70 $ 2. 80 $ 2. 90 $ 3. 00 $ 3. 10 $ 3. 20 $ 3. 30 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3. 50 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3 .4 0 3. 50 3. 60 $2 . 62 2. 66 2. 34 1 1 1 1 3 3 9 4 5 6 6 15 8 7 1 1 74 69 5 24 14 10 43 40 3 31 27 4 12 11 1 26 19 7 56 56 - 14 14 - 41 41 - 39 39 - 699 540“ 59 2. 80 2. 83 2 .4 9 - - 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 14 13 1 74 67 7 46 39 7 48 44 4 19 12 7 42 38 4 40 38 2 103 101 2 76 61 15 88 1 88 - E n gin eers, stationary __________________________ Manufacturing ________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________________ 490 390 100 2. 62 2. 67 2. 39 9 9 - 2 2 20 7 13 1 1 10 2 8 27 17 10 82 77 5 19 7 12 12 7 5 37 35 2 70 68 2 11 11 - 57 56 1 9 7 2 F ire m en , stationary b oiler ____________________ Manufacturing _________________________________ 191 144 2 .4 2 2 .4 5 1 - 2 - 23 23 9 1 - 11 11 9 8 15 - 4 4 20 8 9 9 40 40 22 10 _ - H elp e rs, tra d e s, maintenance ________________ Manufacturing _________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________________ Public u tilities2 __________________________ 800 730 70 48 2. 2. 2. 2. 23 24 14 33 53 44 9 - 30 28 2 - 17 17 " 36 35 1 1 114 109 5 2 71 67 4 - 9 8 1 - 44 41 3 - 56 31 25 25 161 141 20 20 48 48 - 127 127 " 2 2 - M achin e-tool operators , toolroom ____________ Manufacturing ________________________________ 140 140 2. 73 2. 73 _ _ - _ _ - - - - - - - 11 11 6 6 10 10 30 30 16 l6 M ach in ists, maintenance _______________________ Manufacturing ________________________________ 1 ,0 3 7 1 ,0 1 2 3. 06 3. 07 - M ech anics, automotive (maintenance) ________ Manufacturing ________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________________ Public u tilities2 __________________________ 629 179 450 347 2. 2. 2. 2. 58 57 58 62 _ - M ech anics, maintenance ________________________ Manufacturing _________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------- 1 ,2 61 1, 124 137 2. 87 2. 89 2. 76 M illwrights ________________________________________ Manufacturing _________________________________ 170 170 O ilers ______________________________________________ Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------- C arpen ters, maintenance _______________________ Manufacturing ________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________________ 407 348 59 E le ctricia n s, maintenance ______________________ Manufacturing ________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________________ _ _ — r~ $ 3. 60 and over - - 8 4 4 - 3 2 1 17 17 82 82 - 3 3 " 37 37 - - •- 59 50 9 30 17 13 29 24 5 1 1 - - " 5 4 1 15 15 10 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ - " - - - - 29 29 - _ - 3 3 - - _ " " - - _ " 17 17 17 17 10 10 6 6 3 3 10 10 3 3 1 1 - - " _ _ _ - - - 1 - 1 1 10 10 23 20 63 63 24 18 42 41 18 18 90 88 103 93 123 122 103 103 299 299 2 2 10 10 113 113 8 8 - _ - 2 2 - 5 5 “ 18 15 3 - 14 10 4 4 32 22 10 1 58 21 37 * 8 2 6 142 2 140 136 78 6 72 70 147 10 137 128 98 74 24 8 13 6 7 4 4 - 2 2 - . - " . - " _ - _ - _ - 4 4 4 1 3 24 23 1 10 4 6 137 130 7 49 40 9 45 34 11 28 19 9 11 5 6 48 47 1 239 189 167 22 117 112 5 55 16 39 180 179 1 92 92 - 29 29 " _ " _ - 13 2. 88 2. 88 _ _ . _ _ _ - 12 12 8 8 13 13 44 44 9 9 16 16 51 51 5 5 1 1 1 1 _ - 3 3 - - 5 5 _ - 2 2 - - 4 20 413 2 .4 9 2. 50 26 26 5 5 _ 7 7 4 4 27 27 14 10 22 19 32 32 102 102 16 16 93 93 34 34 5 5 25 25 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 8 8 - - - - - - P ain ters, maintenance _________________________ Manufacturing _________________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________________ 223 154 69 2 .4 3 2. 57 2. 10 16 2 3 14 2 2 8 2 6 6 6 9 3 6 8 -------- T 2 10 5 5 20 17 3 12 8 4 16 14 2 16 6 10 35 32 3 8 8 " 24 24 - 14 14 - 12 12 - 1 1 - 1 1 5 - - - 5 " P ip efitte rs, maintenance _______________________ Manufacturing _________________________________ 534 491 2. 78 2. 78 - - _ _ 1 8 - - - 7 22 19 97 96 19 17 37 32 32 31 119 116 100 74 32 32 34 34 S heet-m etal w orkers , maintenance ___________ Manufacturing _________________________ _____ 139 131 2. 81 2. 82 _ 7 Tool and die m akers _____________ ________ __ Manufacturing ----------------------------------------- ----- 3 28 317 3. 18 3. 18 _ - - - 6 T ~ 16 — nr~ . - - - - 10 10 1 1 _ - - _ _ _ _ _ - " - - l l 8 8 1 1 24 24 6 5 7 18 11 19 19 10 10 16 16 12 12 13 13 2 2 2 2 _ " - - _ . . _ _ _ _ _ 4 4 3 3 5 4 11 11 5 2 18 16 76 71 33 33 59 59 51 51 57 57 1 1 5 1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, h olid ays, and late shifts. 2 Transportation (excluding r a ilr o a d s), com m unication, and other public u tilities. 3 W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 4 at $ 1. 20 to $ 1. 30; 6 at $ 1. 30 to $ 1. 40; 3 at $ 1 .4 0 to $ 1. 50; 1 at $ 1. 50 to $ 1. 60. 226" 12 11 5 10 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, B altim ore, Md. , Decem ber I960) NUM BER OF W ORKERS R E CEIVING ST R AIG H T-TIM E H OURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation 1 and industry division Number of workers E levator op erators, passenger (men) ---------------------------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------- $ $ Average Under s0 . 80 $ 0 .9 0 1 .0 0 1 . 10 hourly , and earnings 0 .8 0 under . 90 1 . 0 0 1 . 1 0 1 . 2 0 $ 1 .0 7 1 .0 7 4 4 18 18 93 1 . 10 1 . 10 1 .0 0 18 18 318 8 8 8 Guards ---------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------------------Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------- 891 551 340 1 .9 7 2. 30 1 .4 4 - - Janitors, p o rte rs, and clean ers (men) ---------------------------------------- -------------Manufacturing _________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ Public u tilit ie s 4 ----------------------------Retail trade _________________________ Financ e 5 ____________________________ 2, 978 1, 509 1, 469 164 535 225 1 .5 5 47 47 - E levator op erators, p assenger (women) ___________________________ _______ Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------Retail trade _________________________ Janitors, p orte rs, and clean ers (women) __________________________________ Manufacturing ______________ _________ Nonmanufacturing _ ---------------------------R etail trade _________________________ F in a n c e 5 ----------------------------------------- 63 59 136 — IW ~ 595 — 1.9 0 . 18 1. 67 1 . 16 1. 17 1 1. 27 w r~ — r j8 ~ 438 73 202 1. 15 .9 7 1. 13 4 4 5 45 45 37 28 28 15 - - 21 5 ------ 5 - “ 29 29 66 112 - - 66 112 - 85 27 66 10 10 $ $ 1. 50 1 .6 0 1 .4 0 1. 50 1 - 2 1 - 2 2 - - - 1 12 12 - 13 5 4 ' 36 8 28 34 5 3 8 20 8 61 61 48~ 13 13 49 - _ - _ - 66 - - - P ac k e rs, shipping (women) --------------------Nonmanufacturing _____________________ 113 63 1 .3 6 1. 54 _ _ _ - - - Receiving clerk s ___________________ _____ Manufacturing _________________________ Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------Retail trade -------------------------------------- 262 119 143 105 2 . 10 _ - _ - Shipping clerk s _____________ ___________ Manufacturing _________________________ Nonmanufacturing ___________________ Retail trade _______________ _______ 218 Tl9 99 77 2. 30 2 .4 1 2. 17 2. 13 - . - . - - - - 94 70 24 150 84 65 62 66 66 3 - 146 114 32 - - 2 44 30 14 14 22 10 1 - - - - - 1 7 7 - 4 4 2 2 17 17 11 - - 20 39 59 - 232 215 17 21 21 - - 5 5 - 13 13 3 3 - - - - 293 31 262 132 116 14 521 297 224 106 468 458 2 8 81 81 - 8 8 12 457 448 9 9 - 4 4 - 44 44 8 228 3 225 27 2 36 13 5 6 176 135 41 158 148 73 10 163 134 29 49 31 18 14 54 25 6 1 24 40 30 20 21 5 5 5 24 16 44 27 27 63 77 77 118 65 53 18 207 21 1 16 - 54 52 16 53 16 37 37 50 23 71 16 55 24 27 46 38 24 nr 12 6 7 6 4 1 12 10 6 2 - 3 8 3 3 - 12 5 12 8 8 - 5 4 50 5 14 14 3 3 _ 5 5 3 3 9 9 19 ( 27 27 27 _ - 6 6 1 5 - - _ _ _ _ - - - - - 16 22 41 7 33 2 22 8 8 27 27 27 _ - _ - - - 1 - - - 16 _ 2 8 - - - 10 14 7 7 7 17 13 4 4 30 35 9 ~ r n 4 4 18 l5 5 3 5 6 32 11 3 3 3 28 28 32 26 6 6 16 3 3 3 - 2 1 1 _ _ . 5 12 2 - - 9 3 3 - 2 - 2 2 3 3 1 - 9 1 1 4 26 24 198 - 1 2 8 5 8 2 - 1 28 40 18 - 6 2 2 ll 195 193 10 55 54 82 4 78 24 54 1 5 ------ T* 1 49 49 106 - 16 16 7 - 4 3 2 11 61 TT" 46 30 3 3 - 2 - 11 1 10 370 300 70 270 266 4 - l6l - 160 7 8 7 4 149 107 82 25 - ' - 3 - ' 5 5 - 137 87 50 _ - ' 77 77 “ 8 2 3. 00 over 71 71 111 64 90 161 5 33 26 18 2. 105 105 12 94 60 .35 25 15 . 80 11 189 53 136 1 2 3 3 “ 38 38 173 2. 70 106 16 9 7 100 2 . 60 19 19 “ 13 16 3 6 2. 50 48 48 “ 63 16 47 43 20 17 3 14 48 37 3 . 22 10 12 87 9 78 72 86 2 - 176 4 82 4 3 2 . 10 - 8 1 2 11 00 - 4 1 . - 228 151 77 63 11 2 - 77 31 46 5 13 18 33 25 1. 90 - 181 106 75 94 132 51 49 . 80 - 226 2 2 1 - 149 41 108 64 36 - _ 2 .4 0 $ 3. 00 - 650 16 634 172 63 - 1 .5 9 1 .4 5 1.8 1 2 . 12 1. 48 2 .3 0 90 - - - 397 244 153 76 $ $ $ 3 $ s $ 2. 30 2 .4 0 2. 50 2 . 60 2 . 70 2 . 80 2 . - 8 48 P ack e rs, shipping (men) _________________ Manufacturing _________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ W holesale trade ------------------------------Retail trade _________________________ 2 . 20 - 9 2 - s 2 . 10 5 5 11 2 - $ - 20 50 " 00 - 12 2 _ - s s 1. 90 2 . 6 17 - _ - . 80 6 29 3 7 - 1 2 180 180 - _ - $ 2 6 - - 1 .7 0 7 7 61 1 1 .9 5 1.7 1 2 . 01 2. 03 2 . 00 60 8 8 22 1, 240 229 1 , 011 355 643 . 4 154 46 90 Order fille r s ____ ________________________ Manufacturing _________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ W holesale trade ____________________ Retail trade _________________________ $ 1 .7 0 and 1 .3 0 - 2 $ $ 1. 30 1 .4 0 20 10 2. 30 2 . 00 1 . 62 See footnotes at end of table, . - 3, 563 2, 4$3 1, 070 238 267 546 2. 32 1 .9 1 1 .8 2 1 10 6 L a b o r e rs, m aterial handling -----------------Manufacturing ________________________ Nonmanufacturing _____________________ Public u tilit ie s 4 ___________________ W holesale trade ____________________ Retail trade ------------------------------------- — 2 . 07 2 . 16 1 . 86 3 i 21 $ “ 68 - - - 1 - _ - 1 7 4 3 3 - 7 7 - 5 - - _ - 3 3 - _ - _ - * - - - 19 _ - 8 8 2 12 21 8 16 3 7 13 - 15 8 2 1 13 6 11 6 5 1 5 5 5 3 12 4 31 19 4 2 9 ' 6 2 2 _ - - - 12 - 8 6 2 2 4 - - 1. - 14 5 9 20 16 T T7T 3 3 2 2 - - - “ 16 16 - 17 13 4 4 11 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations-Continued (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division. B altim ore. Md. , D ecem ber I960) NUM BER OF W ORKERS RECEIVING STR AIGH T-TIM E HOURLY EARN INGS OF— Occupation 1 and industry division Number of workers 8 $ 8 $ s 3 $ $ $ $ $ $ 5 , Average hourly 2 Under 0. 80 0. 90 1. 00 ‘ l. 10 1. 20 1. 30 1 .4 0 *1. 50 1. 60 1. 70 1. 80 °1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 *2. 20 2. 30 2 .4 0 *2. 50 2. and earnings $ 0. 80 under . 90 1. 00 1. 10 1. 20 1. 30 1 .4 0 1. 50 1. 60 1. 70 1. 80 1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2 .4 0 2. 50 2. 60 2. r “ $ 2. 14 1 1 17 6 5 28 8 68 19 3 ! 9 2. 15 12 20 1 1 44 12 2 0 !-----9 2. 13 1 1 2 6 8 7 24 5 5 7 6 ! - Shipping and receiving clerk s _________ Manufacturing __________________ ____ Nonmanufacturing _ _ _ 202 119 83 T ru ck d rivers 7 ____________________________ Manufacturing _________________________ Nonmanufacturing __ Public u tilitie s4 __________________ W holesale trade __________________ Retail trade _ 2 ,4 2 3 753 1 ,6 7 0 727 573 299 2. 33 2 .4 2 2. 29 2 .4 5 2. 28 2. 12 _ - T ru ck d riv ers, light (under IV 2 tons) ................. . Manufacturing _____________________ Nonmanufacturing ________________ 227 142 85 2. 12 2. 56 1. 38 - T ru ck d riv ers, medium ( I V e to and including 4 tons) ________________ Manufacturing _____________________ Nonmanufacturing _ __ _ _ _ Public u tilitie s4 W h olesale trade R etail trade ____________________ 908 230 678 245 184 196 2. 19 2. 14 2. 20 2 .4 9 2. 24 1. 98 T ru ck d rivers, heavy (over 4 tons, tra iler type) Manufacturing _____________________ Nonmanufacturing ________________ Public utilities 4 W h olesale trade 825 132 693 343 258 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. T ru ck d riv ers, heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra iler type) Manufacturing ____________________ 193 131 T r u c k e r s, power (forklift) Manufacturing ________________________ Nonmanufacturing _________ ________ Retail trade ________________________ T r u ck e r s, power (other than forklift) __________________________________ Manufacturing ________________________ Watchmen _________________________________ Manufacturing ________________________ Nonmanufacturing ____________________ Public u tilitie s4 F in a p rp ® 1 2 _ - . - 12 12 24 24 47 7 40 75 75 40 12 28 51 51 29 29 - 36 13 23 34 29 5 5 5 19 14 22 67 7 9 3 31 3 ' 1 1 1 - - - - " - - - - 7 7 11 LI 22 22 12 12 12 12 - - - 12 12 - - - - - - - - - 14 14 28 7 21 17 17 21 12 9 34 34 22 22 - 36 13 23 34 29 5 - - - - - - - _ 14 19 10 7 1 14 3 - - 1 1 - - - - 3 - 18 1 5 - - - - 3 - - 1 - - - - - - - 18 18 - 5 5 2 .4 2 2. 63 - - - - - 6 18 6 1 ,3 1 0 1, 192 118 64 2 .4 6 2 .4 8 2. 27 2. 31 _ - _ - . - _ - - - 3 3 1 2 2 - 7 7 - - _ - 633 631 2 .4 7 2 .4 7 - - - - " - 1 - 21 21 471 265 206 34 78 1 .4 2 1. 51 1. 32 1. 76 1. 15 _ 32 40 50 38 52 50 55 !— - 4 9 - - - - 4 9 - - - 133 80 53 3 - 32 1 3 D a ta lim ite d to m e n w o r k e r s e x c e p t w h e r e o th e r w is e in d ic a te d . E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e a n d fo r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , a n d la te W o r k e r s w e r e d is tr ib u te d a s f o llo w s : 3 a t $ 0. 60 t o $ 0. 70; 15 a t $ 0. 70 t o $ 0. 80. 4 5 6 7 T r a n s p o r ta tio n (e x c lu d in g r a ilr o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a tio n , a n d o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . F in a n ce , in s u ra n ce , and r e a l e sta te . W o r k e r s w e r e d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s : 3 a t $ 0. 60 t o $ 0. 70; 8 a t $ 0. 70 t o $ 0. 80. I n c lu d e s a l l d r i v e r s r e g a r d l e s s o f s iz e a n d ty p e o f t r u c k o p e r a t e d . - - 40 4 s h ifts . 7 7 - 88 29 59 10 1 48 87 81 6 2 3 ! 1 12 3 9 - j 61 13 48 1 1 1 1 46 130 87 7 9 80 121 34 72 4 33 1 45 12 3 ; 3 226 22 204 6 146 52 42 11 31 21 10 " 717 132 585 582 3 - - 2 2 3 3 107 107 144 144 92 52 3 3 - 247 8 239 239 - - 40 IT " 34 34 34 29 5 1 3 1 47 2 45 4 30 10 46 2 44 2 42 43 43 - 5 2 3 - - 5 5 3 | i - - 2 2 - 70 $ $ $ $ 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 and 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 3 3 5 5 3 3 - 262 105 157 157 7 7 - . - 28 28 - - 401 232 169 88 81 " over - - 6 - - - ~ - 2 2 - _ _ - 118 88 30 30 - - - - - 12 2 10 10 346 346 343 3 163 54 109 28 170 13 157 157 5 5 - - - - - - 18 18 — - - - - - - - - 4 4 - 1 1 7 5 - - 10 10 85 55 56 56 - - - 6 4 2 - 63 63 - 65 65 - 34 34 - - - 72 65 7 7 58 40 18 1 28 15 13 2 21 1 20 20 108 77 31 31 295 284 11 1 118 109 9 - 274 274 - 144 144 - - 2 2 1 10 10 - ~ 8 7 22 22 1 1 - 1 6 ------ 6~~ - 1 57 57 34 34 45 45 - 6 6 31 31 42 42 31 31 34 34 6 ------ 6~ 118 118 120 120 50 50 43 29 14 1 39 39 26 14 12 1 8 6 2 1 60 45 15 15 16 nr~ 24 24 4 4 8 . _ _ _ _ - - - - - 8 7 - 9 8 1 _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 - 9 - - - - - - 7 - 7 1 - 60 - - 12 B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary W age Provisions Table B-l. Shift Differentials (Shift d iffe r e n tia ls of m an ufacturin g plant w o r k e r s by type and amount o f d iffe r e n tia l, B a ltim o r e , M d . , D e c e m b e r I960) P e r c e n t o f m an u factu rin g plant w o r k e r s — In e s ta b lish m e n ts having fo r m a l p r o v i s i o n s 1 for— Shift d iffe r e n tia l Second shift w ork T o ta l T h ird or other shift w ork A ctu a lly wo rking on— Second shift T h ird or other shift . 3 81. 0 17. 5 8 .4 ------------------------------------ 82. 5 79 . 8 16. 1 8 . 3 -------------------------------- 46. 3 43. 9 . 1 6 . cen ts -----------------------------------------------------------5 cen ts -----------------------------------------------------------cen ts ------------------ -------------------------------------7 cen ts -----------------------------------------------------------8 cen ts -----------------------------------------------------------9 cen ts ----------------------------------------------------- — 1 0 c en ts ----------------------------------------------------------1 2 c en ts ----------------------------------------------------------1 2 1 / 2 c en ts ----------------------------------------------------13 c en ts ----------------------------------------------------------1 3 2/ 3 c en ts ---------------------- --------------------------14 c en ts ----------------------------------------------------------15 c en ts ----------------------------------------------------------16 c en ts and o v e r ---------------------------------------- 1 . 1 8. 0 4. 5 2. 8 22 . 4 .8 3. 2 2. 2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- W ith shift pay d iffe r e n tia l U n ifo rm c en ts (p er hour) 2 6 U n ifo r m p e r c e n ta g e ----------------------------------------- 5 p erc en t ------------------------------------------------ — p erc en t -------------------------------------------------------7 p erc en t -------------------------------------------------------1 0 p e r c e n t -----------------------------------------------------15 p erc en t ------------------------------------------------------ 6 O th er fo r m a l pay d iffe r e n tia l No sh ift pay d iffe r e n tia l ------------------------ ---------------------------------------- 86 1 . - 2 - 27 . 8 3. 9 . 1 5. 6 17. 3 1 " 1 . 0 10 1 .4 . 1 - 1 .0 - . 3 5. 8 . 3 1 . 1 . 1 _ 1 . 4. 7. 23. 2. . . . . 1. 27 . 1 5 4 3 3 8 - 5 . - 8 1 2 - .7 .6 4. 2 . 2 ( 2) . 1 . 1 8 - - 3 - . 3 6 4. 2 _ . 1 5. 6 18. 7 2. 2 1 1 2 2 . 0 . .4 . 1 . 1 . 6 1 .6 “ ( 2) - .4 .4 8 .4 1 .8 ( 2) 3. 7 1 . 1. 4 . 8 2 1 1 In clu d es e sta b lish m e n ts c u rren tly o p eratin g late sh ifts, and e s ta b lish m e n ts w ith f o r m a l p r o v isio n s c o v erin g late even though they w e r e not c u r r e n tly op eratin g late sh ifts. 2 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t. sh ifts 13 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for W om en O ffice W orkers (D istrib u tio n of e sta b lish m e n ts studied in a ll in d u str ie s and in in du stry d iv isio n s by m in im u m en tran ce sa la r y fo r se le c te d c a te g o r ie s of in e x p e r ie n c e d w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s , B a ltim o r e , M d. , D e c e m b e r I960) I n e x p e r ie n c e d ty p is ts M a n u fa c tu r in g M in im u m w e e k ly s a la r y 1 A ll B ased on O th e r in e x p e r ie n c e d N o n m a n u f a c tu r in g M a n u fa c t u r in g A ll s ta n d a rd w e e k ly h o u r s 3 o f— in d u s tr ie s s c h e d u le s s tu d ie d E s ta b lis h m e n ts h a v in g -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- a s p e c ifie d m in im u m ---------------------------- B ased on N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g s ta n d a rd w e e k ly h ou rs 3 o f— in d u s tr ie s A ll E s ta b lis h m e n ts c le r ic a l w o rk e rs 2 40 A ll s c h e d u le s 37V 2 A ll 40 s c h e d u le s 40 A ll s c h e d u le s 37V 2 40 184 74 XXX 110 XXX XXX 184 74 XXX 110 XXX XXX 94 42 32 52 11 29 100 39 31 61 12 35 $ 37. 50 an d u n d er $ 4 0 . 00 ___________________________________ ________ 1 5 3 2 2 - 2 18 3 2 15 1 12 $ 4 2 . 50 an d u n d e r | 45 . 00 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 1 1 7 1 1 5 6 1 2 $ 47 . 50 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 5 5 11 11 4 and u n d er $ 5 0 .0 0 ___________________________________________ 5 1 - 12 $ 4 7 .5 0 2 - 1 - 5 $ 45 . 00 an d u n d e r 1 - 5 1 2 8 5 4 3 1 $ 5 0 .0 0 and u n d er $ 5 2 .5 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 22 10 7 12 3 19 9 7 10 4 $ 5 2 .5 0 - 6 - 7 1 8 4 4 6 2 3 1 1 6 1 - 2 2 2 - 2 1 1 3 - 3 and u n d er $ 5 5 .0 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 7 4 - $ 55. 00 an d u n d e r $ 57 . 50 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 2 2 $ 57 . 50 and u n d er $ 60 . 00 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 3 2 4 4 $ 60. 00 an d u n d e r $ 6 2 . 50 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 - - 1 3 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 $ 65 . 00 an d u n d e r $ 6 7 . 50 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 $ 67 . 50 an d u n d e r $ 70 . 00 ------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 6 2 .5 0 and u n d er $ 70. 00 an d u n d e r $ 6 5 .0 0 $ 7 2 .5 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 72. 50 an d u n d e r $ 75. 00 ------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 75 . 00 and u n d er $ 77 . 50 ------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 77. 50 and u n d er $ 80 . 00 ------------------------------------------------------------------- E s ta b lis h m e n ts h a v in g no E s t a b lis h m e n t s w h ic h d id in th is ca teg ory s p e c ifie d m in im u m n o t e m p lo y ------------------------- 2 1 2 4 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 - - 1 1 3 - 1 - 1 - 1 1 1 - 1 2 2 2 2 1 4 3 3 3 22 8 XX X 14 XX X XXX 25 24 XXX 44 XX X XXX 59 " 1 1 1 - - 2 2 2 11 - 3 3 - - - - - - - 3 1 2 1 - - - “ XX X 14 XX X XXX XXX 35 XX X XX X w ork ers ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68 24 L ow e st s a la r y rate fo r m a lly e sta b lish e d fo r h irin g in ex p er ien c ed w o r k e r s fo r typing o r oth er c le r ic a l jo b s . R a tes a p p lica b le to m e s s e n g e r s , o ffic e g ir ls , o r s im ila r s u b c le r ic a l jo b s a re not c o n sid e r e d . H ours r e fle c t the w ork w eek fo r w hich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e t h e ir re g u la r s t r a ig h t -t im e s a la r ie s . D ata are p r e se n te d fo r a ll w ork w eek s com b ined, 2 2 2 1 2 1 3 1 5 - and fo r the m o s t c o m m o n w ork w eek s rep orted . 14 Table B-3. Scheduled W e e k ly Hours (P e r c e n t d is trib u tio n o f o f fic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u stry d iv is io n s b y sch ed u led w eek ly h ou rs o f f ir s t - s h if t w o r k e r s , B a lt im o r e , M d. , D e c e m b e r I960) OFFICE WORKERS W e e k ly h o u r s A ll w o rk e r s _________________________________________ U n d e r 35 h o u r s ______________________________________ 35 h o u r s ______________________________________________ O v e r 35 a n d u n d e r l z h o u r s ---------------------------3 7 V 2 h o u r s __________________________________________ O v e r 3 7 V 2 a n d u n d e r 4 0 h o u r s __________________ 4 0 h o u r s ______________________________________________ O v e r 4 0 a n d u n d e r 4 4 h o u r s ______________________ 4 4 h o u r s ______________________________________________ O v e r 4 4 a n d u n d e r 4 8 h o u r s --------------------------------4 8 h o u r s ______________________________________________ O v e r 4 8 h o u r s ----------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 4 s All j industries 100 2 10 4 15 3 65 PLANT WORKERS Manufacturing Public 2 utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance 3 100 100 100 1 00 100 3 4 8 85 - 5 29 12 26 ( 5) 3 1 9 5 82 ( 5) - ( 5_) 4 32 63 - ( ) (5) - - - - - - - - - - - (5) - 4 87 4 (5) Includes data for services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities. Finance, insurance, and real estate. Includes data for real estate and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. L ess than 0. 5 percent. - 34 - Services All 4 industries 100 1 (5 ) 1 3 1 83 3 2 2 5 1 Manufacturing 100 1 4 1 88 2 1 2 2 Public 2 utilities 100 _ - 100 - Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 _ - 3 _ 64 3 87 10 - 6 8 5 14 Services 15 Table B-4. Paid Holidays (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidays provided annually, Baltim ore, M d ., D ecem ber i960) OFFICE WORKERS Item All workers ------------------------------------------------------------- W orkers in establishments providing paid holidays -------------------------------------------------------W orkers in establishments providing no paid holidays -------------------------------------------------- All , industries1 PLANT WORKERS Manufacturing Public > utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance 3 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 “ “ (? ) ( 5) 12 2 1 1 ( 5) All industries* Manufacturing Public , utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 100 100 100 95 2 _ “ ~ 5 2 1 ( 5) 5 13 15 4 2 _ _ 29 ( 5) 24 5 2 _ 61 1 _ “ “ “ 9 11 3 17 1 40 2 19 - 1 67 2 30 1 - 3 - " “ _ _ 19 19 21 61 62 81 91 100 100 100 100 - Services Services Number off days L ess than 5 holidays -------------------------------------------5 holidays ---------------------------------------------------------------5 holidays plus 2 half days -------------------------------6 holidays -------------------------------------- ---------------------6 holidays pluff 1 half day ----------------------------------6 holidays plus 2 half days -------------------------------6 holidays plus 3 half days -------------------------------6 holidays plus 4 half days -------------------------------7 holidays ---------------------------------------------------------------7 holidays plus 1, 2, or 6 half days __________ 8 holidays ---------------------------------------------------------------8 holidays plus 2 half days -------------------------------9 holidays --------------------------------- __ ---------------------9 holidays plus 1 half day ----------------------------------10 holidays --------------------------------------------------------------11 holidays --------------------------------------------------------------12 or 13 holidays --------------------------------------------------- 2 - (5) 26 (5) 23 2 8 4 18 2 8 2 2 48 ( 5) 33 (5) 2 1 1 1 ( 5) 4 2 6 30 54 - ( 5) ~ ( 5) ( 5) 1 13 26 13 38 4 1 1 ( 5) 2 5 _ 1 _ 11 46 _ _ 36 - " ' " ' ' _ _ _ _ _ - - - 36 36 36 82 82 95 95 100 100 100 100 8 32 32 63 67 95 95 100 100 9 9 25 26 88 90 90 95 ( 5) 20 1 2 48 ( 5) 17 1 1 3 1 10 2 3 64 16 _ 2 1 _ _ 16 _ 9 _ _ 8 - - Total ho lid a y tim e 6 13 days ---------------------------------------------------------------------12 or m ore days ----------------------------------------------------11 or m ore days -----------------------------------------------10 or m ore days -----------------------------------------------9 V 2 or m ore days ---------------------------------------------9 or m ore days -------------------------------------------------8 or m ore days -------------------------------------------------7 V 2 or m ore days ---------------- ------------- ------7 or more days -----------------------------------------------------6 V 2 or more days -------------------------------------------------6 or m ore days -----------------------------------------------------5 or m ore days -----------------------------------------------------4 or more days -----------------------------------------------------1 or m ore days ------------------------------------------------------ (? ) (5) 2 20 24 34 58 59 85 87 100 100 100 100 . 1 2 3 6 39 39 89 92 100 100 100 100 . (? ) ( 5) 55 55 55 87 91 98 98 100 100 100 100 1 1 31 33 99 100 100 100 1 1 5 44 57 83 96 96 97 97 100 100 100 100 1 4 5 6 23 23 73 74 94 96 97 98 2 2 3 5 21 21 87 89 99 99 100 100 1 Includes data for services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities. 3 Finance, insurance, and real estate. 4 Includes data for real estate and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 5 L ess than 0. 5 percent. 6 All combinations of full and half days that add to the same amount are combined; for example, the proportion of workers receiving a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days no half days, 6 full days and 2 half days, 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. Proportions were then cumulated. and 16 Table B-5. Paid Vacations (P e r c e n t d is trib u tio n o f o f fic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u stry d iv is io n s by v a c a tio n pay p r o v is io n s , B a lt im o r e , M d. , D e c e m b e r I960) OFFICE WORKERS Vacation policy A ll workers _______________________________________ PLANT WORKERS Manufacturing Public 2 utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance 3 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 98 93 5 - 100 93 7 - 100 100 - 100 81 19 - 100 100 - " ■ - “ “ “ 2 Ail ! industries All 4 industries Services Manufacturing Public 2 utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade M e th o d o f p a y m e n t W orkers in establishments providing paid vacations ---------------------------------------------------Length-of-tim e payment --------------------------------Percentage payment --------------------------------------F la t-su m payment ____________________________ Othe r __________________________________________ W orkers in establishments providing no paid vacations _______________________________ Am ount o f v a c a t io n p a y “ 6 After 6 months of service Under 1 week _____________________________________ 1 week _____________________________________________ Over 1 and under 2 weeks ______________________ 2 weeks ____________________________________________ Over 2 and under 3 weeks ----------------------------------- 10 45 14 3 1 6 48 3 2 (5) 94 1 - 4 28 8 - 42 8 - 9 36 43 12 - _ 17 10 73 (5) 1 _ 11 20 67 2 _ 7 (5) 93 - _ 12 88 - _ 83 9 8 - _ 6 9** - 4 10 85 (*) 4 22 72 2 3 97 (5) 7 93 - 12 88 “ (5) 100 - 2 10 85 (5) 3 1 22 73 (5) 3 6 (5) 93 (5) 100 1 92 2 (5) 95 - 22 10 1 (5) 21 5 1 1 _ 70 3 - 1 21 2 - 36 9 - - - 1 73 9 15 (5) 1 1 76 10 11 1 _ 27 70 3 _ 54 46 - 85 11 4 - 50 15 32 (5) 1 56 22 21 1 13 84 3 50 50 - 46 54 - 15 35 47 (5) 1 14 48 36 1 1 96 17 26 56 18 5 77 - - - 3 - - 7 86 4 2 5 90 4 2 8 92 - 18 74 After 1 year of service Under 1 week _____________________________________ 1 week ______________________ ,______________________ Over 1 and under 2 weeks _______________________ 2 weeks ____________________________________________ Over 2 and under 3 weeks _______________________ 3 weeks ____________________________________________ * _ - After 2 years of service 1 week _____________________________________________ Over 1 and under 2 weeks ----------------------------------2 weeks ____________________________________________ Over 2 and under 3 weeks _______________________ 3 weeks ____________________________________________ After 3 years of service 1 week _____________________________________________ Over 1 and under 2 weeks ----------- ----------------------2 weeks ------------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks _______________________ 3 weeks ____________________________________________ - 4 - 100 (5) - 97 _ - - - - - - - 6 92 (5) 1 89 7 - After 5 years ol service 1 week _____________________________________________ 2 weeks ____________________________________________ Over 2 and under 3 weeks -------------------------------- 3 weeks ------------------------------------------------------------------- See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le . 5 5 _ 100 (*) (5) 100 - - 5 - 97 3 5 3 17 Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued (Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Baltim ore, M d ., Decem ber i960) O F F IC E W O R K E R S PLAN T WORKERS Vacation policy All , industries M anufacturing Public 2 utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance 3 Services All . industries M anufacturing Public utilities 2 Wholesale trade Retail trade Amount off vocation p a y 6— Continued After 10 years of service 1 week --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 weeks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks --------------------------------------------3 weeks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 weeks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- _ _ 1 61 10 28 (5) (5) 55 22 24 - (5) 16 (5) 82 (5) 7 5 - - - 97 - 3 - 35 4 61 - 5 54 (5) 41 - _ 69 - 31 - 6 44 25 22 (5) 4 45 34 16 - 6 14 3 74 1 1 4 14 2 78 1 (5) 6 13 3 68 1 8 4 12 2 76 1 3 6 13 3 37 19 21 4 12 2 39 27 15 _ 83 - 14 3 8 41 26 25 - 16 23 5 55 - 8 22 14 11 After 15 years of service 1 week --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 weeks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks --------------------------------------------3 weeks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Over 3 and under 4 weeks --------------------------------------------4 weeks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- _ _ 23 3 27 (5) 70 _ 26 - 92 95 77 - _ _ _ _ _ 1 (5) - " - 5 (5) 14 (5) 76 1 9 (5) 7 5 - - 86 1 5 92 (5) 3 (5) 7 5 - - - 37 (5) 57 25 1 57 69 _ _ _ - 97 70 _ 70 3 - - _ 8 22 - - 71 49 14 11 5 52 _ 5 _ After 20 years of service 1 week --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 weeks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks --------------------- -------------------3 weeks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Over 3 and under 4 weeks --------------------------------------------4 weeks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- _ _ 23 - 25 - 51 3 27 (5) 67 - 3 _ 19 - 69 - 12 _ _ _ _ 29 21 18 _ 8 20 - - 14 11 5 38 After 25 years of service 1 week --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 weeks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks --------------------------------------------3 weeks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Over 3 and under 4 weeks -------------------------------4 weeks ---------------------------------------------------------------- (5) 10 (5) 49 6 35 55 15 23 _ _ 17 3 27 (5) 40 _ 6 - 49 - - 31 45 1 Includes data for services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities. 3 Finance, insurance, and real estate. 4 Includes data for real estate and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 5 L ess than 0. 5 percent. 6 Periods of service were arbitrarily chosen and do not necessarily reflect the individual provisions service include changes in provisions occurring between 5 and 10 years. for progressions. For example, _ 33 _ 67 29 19 23 the changes in proportions _ 32 indicated at 10 years' NOTE: In the tabulations of vacation allowances by years of service, payments other than "length of tim e " such as percentage of annual earnings or flat-su m payments, to an equivalent time basis; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as 1 week's pay. were converted 18 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (Percent of office and plant workers in all industries and industry divisions employed in establishments providing health, insurance, or pension benefits, B altim ore, Md. , Decem ber I960) O F F IC E W O R K E R S Type of benefit A ll workers ________ _______ ___________________ All . industries 100 M anufacturing Public utilities 100 100 2 PLAN T WORKERS Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance3 100 100 100 Services All . industries 100 M anufacturing Public 2 utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 100 Services m W orkers in establishments providing: Life insurance __________________ ___________ Accidental death and dismemberment insurance __________________________________ Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both 5 _______________________ 95 99 100 96 65 99 87 95 97 73 58 45 61 35 43 33 30 41 45 44 33 26 81 94 95 90 75 55 89 92 100 69 80 Sickness and accident insurance ______ Sick leave (full pay and no waiting period) ______________ ________ Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period) _________________________ 43 75 6 37 37 5 70 87 13 47 36 53 47 93 78 15 51 9 2 70 21 10 14 25 2 4 31 - 16 10 17 12 41 Hospitalization insurance __________________ Surgical insurance _________________________ Medical insurance _____ ________ __________ Catastrophe insurance _____________________ Retirement pension -------------------------------------Other health, insurance, or pension plan ___________________ ___________ ______ No health, insurance, or pension plan ___ 76 78 49 58 87 87 88 41 50 88 65 65 59 85 91 91 89 67 49 86 59 59 46 49 83 66 69 59 66 89 77 78 31 18 74 88 89 30 16 80 66 66 53 68 97 82 74 33 15 45 42 42 28 13 64 - - 11 9 - 2 4 1 1 (6) (6) - - 18 9 12 1 Includes data for services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation (excluding railroad s), communication, and other public utilities. 3 Finance, insurance, and real estate. 4 Includes data for real estate and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 5 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. Sick-leave plans are lim ited to those which definitely establish at least the minimum number of days ' pay that can be expected by each employee. Informal sick-leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. 6 L e ss than 0. 5 percent. 19 A ppendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose o f preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in classifyin g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. O F F IC E BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerica l work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are cla ssified by type of machine, as follow s: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. B iller , machine (billing machine)— Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, e tc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices frQm customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon cop ies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. B iller , machine (bookkeeping machine) — Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrarid, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare custom ers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on custom ers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types o f sales and credit slip s. C lass A — Keeps a set o f records requiring a knowledge o f and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. C lass B — Keeps a record o f one or more phases or section s of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping* Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or a ssist in preparation o f trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. CLERK, ACCOUNTING C la ss A — Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more section s o f a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 20 CLERK, ACCOUNTING— Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper a c counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocation s. May a ssist in preparing, ad justing and closin g journal entries; may direct cla ss B accounting clerks. C la s s B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or a c counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine account ing work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the n e ce s sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers* earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and a ssist paymaster in making up and distribut ing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. CLERK, FILE C la s s A — In an established filing system containing a num ber of varied subject matter file s , cla ssifie s and indexes corres pondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records o f various types in conjunction with files or may super vise others in filing and locating material in the file s . May per form incidental clerical duties. C la s s B — Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been cla ssified or which is easily identifiable, or locates or a ssists in locating material in file s . May perform incidental clerica l duties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives customers* orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve an y com bination o f the fo llo w in g : Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled . May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled , keep file of orders received, and check ship ping invoices with original orders. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple cop ies o f typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare sten cil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon si b ilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, follow ing written in formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de v ice attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, op erating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerica l work. 21 SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerica l duties for a superior in an ad ministrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into o ffice; answering and making phone ca lls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in or der, keep simple records, etc. D o e s not in clu de tran scribing-m ach in e work (see transcribing-machine operator). STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scien tific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. D o e s not in clu d e tran scribing-m ach in e w ork . SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office ca lls . May record toll calls and take m essages. May give information to per sons who call in, or occasion ally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single p o si tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may a lso type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part o f this worker's time while at switchboard. TABIJLATING-MACHINE OPERATOR C la s s A — Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical a c counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without clo se supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. D o e s not in clu de working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. C la s s B — Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical a c counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under sp e cific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. C la s s C — Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with sp e cific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs, or re petitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May a lso type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is cla ssified as a stenographer, general. 22 TYPIST TYPIST— -Continued Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in clude typing of sten cils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicat ing processes. May do clerica l work involving little sp ecia l training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. C la ss A — Performs one or more o f the follow in g: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc- tuation, e tc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circum stances. C la ss B — Performs one or more o f the follow in g: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance p o licie s, etc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tables already set up and spaced properly. P R O F E SSIO N A L AND T E C H N IC A L DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying com pleted work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specification s; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specification s. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the follow ing: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problems. May a ssist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad ministrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur poses. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing work ing plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-section s, e tc ., to sca le by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a com bina tion o f the fo llo w in g : G ivin g fir st aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of em ployees' injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, com pass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. 23 M A IN T E N A N C E D PO W ERPLAN T CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casin gs, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the follow ing: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials n ec essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a ssist in repairing boilerroom equipment. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the following : Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specification s; locating and diagnosingtrouble in the e le c trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may a lso supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or c h ie f engineers in establishm ents employing more than one engineer are excluded . HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing sp e cific or genera/ duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is nermitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts o f a trade that are a lso performed by workers on a full-time basis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or d ies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and specification s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and 24 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued MILLWRIGHT— Continued operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into me chanical equipment. In general, the machinist’s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. are required. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill wright’s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es tablishment. Work involves most o f the fo llo w in g : Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Examining machines and mechan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dis mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary d u tie s involve setting up or adjusting machines. MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout OILE R Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. PA IN TE R , MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work in v o lv e s the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. P IP E F IT T E R , MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers prim arily engaged in in sta llin g and repairing building san itatio n or heating system s are e xclu d e d . 25 TO O L AND DIE MAKER PLUM BER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-M ETAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gauge maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. CU STO D IA L AND M A TERIA L MOVEMENT E L E V A T O R O P E R A T O R , PASSENGER JAN ITOR, P O R T E R , OR C LE A N E R — Continued Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishment. Duties involve a com bination o f the fo llo w in g : Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte* nance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. In clu d e s gatemen who are sta tio n ed at gate and ch eck on id e n tity o f em ployees and other persons entering. JANITOR, P O R T E R , OR C LE A N E R (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial L A B O R E R, M ATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the fo llo w in g: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or 26 LA B O R E R , M ATERIAL HANDLING— Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshorem en , who load and unload s h ip s are e xclu d e d . ORDER F IL L E R (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers* orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders^ requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C L E R K — Continued For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRU CK D RIVER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: .Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers* houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. PA C K E R , SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may in vo lve one or more o f the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. P a c k e rs who a lso make wooden boxes or cra tes are e xclu d e d . SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work in v o lv e s : A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. R e c e iv in g work in v o lv e s : Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de partments; maintaining necessary records and files. For wage study purposes, truekdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination o f sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1% ton s) T ru ck d riv e r, medium (IV 2 to and in clu d in g 4 to n s) T ru ck d riv e r, heavy (o v e r 4 to n s, tra ile r typ e ) T ru ck d riv e r, heavy (o v e r 4 to n s, other than tra ile r typ e) TRU CK ER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: T ru ck e r, pow er (fo rk lift) T ru ck e r, pow er (other than fo rk lift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. •fr U.s. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1961 O— 586877 Occupational Wage Surveys O c c u p a tio n a l w age su r v e y s w ill be co n d u cted in the 82 m ajor lab or m arkets lis t e d below during la te I 960 and e a r ly 1961. B u lle t in s , when a v a ila b le , may be p u rch a se d from the Su perin tend en t of D o cu m e n ts, U .S . G overnm ent P rin tin g O ff ic e , W ashington 25» D . C . , or from an y of the B L S re g io n a l s a l e s o f f ic e s show n on the in s id e front c o v e r. A sum m ary b u lle tin co n ta in in g data for A k ro n , O h io — B u l l . 1285A lb a n y - S c h e n e c t a d y - T r o y , N . Y . — B u ll. 1285A lb u q u erq u e, N . M e x .— B u l l . 1285A lle n to w n —B e th le h e m —E a s t o n , P a . - N . J . — B u ll. 1285A t la n ta , G a .— B u ll. 1285B a ltim o re , M d.— B u ll. 1285-34 B e a u m o n t-P o rt A rthu r, T e x . — B u ll. 1285Birm in gham , A l a .— B u l l . 1285B o is e , Id ah o — B u l l . 1285B o sto n , M a s s .— B u l l . 1285-15 B u ffa lo , N . Y . — B u ll. 1285-31 B u rlin g to n , V t . — B u l l . 1285C a n to n , O h io — B u l l . 1285-29 C h a r le s to n , W. V a .— B u l l . 1285C h a r lo tte , N . C . — B u l l . 1285* * C h a ttan o o g a , T e n n .—G a .— B u ll. C h ic a g o , 111. — B u l l . 1285“ ** 1285-14 C in c in n a t i, O h io —K y . — B u l l . 1285* * C le v e la n d , O h io — B u l l . 1285-11 C o lu m b u s, O h io — B u l l . 1285-38 * * D a l l a s , T e x .— B u l l . 1285-21 * * D a ve n p o rt—R o c k Is la n d —M o lin e, Io w a —111. — B u ll. 1285-16 D a y to n , O h io — B u l l . 1285*41 D e n v e r, C o lo .— B u ll. 1285*27 D e s M o in e s, Io w a — B u ll. 1285D e tro it, M ic h .— B u l l . 1285-37 * * F o rt Worth, T e x . — B u l l . 1285-23 80 lab or m arke ts, com bined w ith a d d itio n a l a n a ly s i s , w i l l be is s u e d e a r ly in * G r e e n B a y , W is .— B u ll. 1285-2 G r e e n v ille , S . C . — B u ll. 1285H ou sto n , T e x . — B u ll. 1285In d ia n a p o lis , In d .— B u ll. 1285- 28 J a c k s o n , M i s s . — B u ll. 1285J a c k s o n v ille , F l a . — B u l l . 1285-30 * K a n s a s C it y , M o.—K a n s .— B u ll. 1285-18 L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h ill, M a s s .—N .H .— B u ll. 1285* * L i t t l e R o c k - N o r th L i t t l e R o c k , A r k . — B u il. 1285-6 L o s A n g e le s —L o n g B e a c h , C a l i f . — B u ll. 1285L o u i s v i l l e , K y . —In d .— B u ll. 1285L u b b o c k , T e x . — B u ll. 1285* M a n ch e ste r, N .H .— B u ll. 1285-1 M em phis, T e n n .— B u ll. 1285-35 M iam i, F l a . — B u ll. 1285-33 M ilw a u k e e , W is .— B u ll. 1285M in n e a p o lis—S t. P a u l, M in n .— B u ll. 1285-39 M uskegon—M uskegon H e ig h ts, M ic h .— B u ll. 1285N ew ark and J e r s e y C it y , N . J . — B u ll. 1285-40 N ew H a v e n , C o n n .— B u ll. 1285N ew O rle a n s , L a . — B u ll. 1285N ew Y o rk , N . Y . — B u ll. 1285N o rfo lk —P ortsm outh and New port N e w s — H am pton, V a .— B u ll. 1285* * O klahom a C i t y , O k la .— B u ll. 1285-3 * * O m aha, N e b r.—Io w a — B u ll. 1285-13 P a te rs o n —C lif t o n —P a s s a i c , N . J . — B u ll. 1285* * P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . — B u ll. 1285-24 P h o e n ix , A r i z . — B u ll. 1285- P ittsb u rg h , P a . — B u l l . 1285* P o rtla n d , M ain e— B u ll. 1285-19 P o rtla n d , O re g .—W a sh .— B u l l . 1285P r o v id e n c e —P a w tu c k e t, R . I . —M a s s .— B u l l . * * R a le ig h , N . C . — B u ll. 1285- 5 R ichm o n d , V a . — B u ll. 1285-26 R o ck fo rd , 111. — B u ll. 1285* * S t . L o u i s , M o . - I l l . — B u ll. 1285-10 S a lt L a k e C it y , U ta h — B u ll. 1285-32 San A n to n io , T e x .— B u ll. 1285* San B e rn a rd in o —R iv e r s id e —O n tario , C a l i f . — B u ll. 1285-4 San F r a n c i s c o —O a k la n d , C a l i f . — B u l l . S a v a n n ah , G a .— B u ll. 1285* * S cran to n , P a . — B u ll. 1285-8 * * S e a t tle , W ash .— B u ll. 1285-7 * * * S io u x F a l l s , S . D a k .— B u l l . 1285-17 South B e n d , In d .— B u ll. 1285“ ** * ** ** P r ic e , P r ic e , P r ic e , 20 c e n t s . 25 c e n t s . 15 c e n t s . 1285- 1285*36 S p o k an e , W ash .— B u l l . 1285T o le d o , O h io — B u ll. 1285T re n to n , N . J . — B u ll. 1285-25 W ashington, D . C . —M d.—V a . — B u ll. 1285-22 W aterbury, C o n n .— B u ll. 1285W aterloo, Io w a— B u l l . 1285-20 W ich ita, K a n s .— B u ll. 1285-9 W ilm ington, D e l .—N . J . — B u ll. 1285- 12 W o rcester, M a s s .— B u ll. 1285Y o rk , P a . — B u ll. 1285- An asterisk preceding a labor market indicates the availability and price of the bulletin. Please do not order copies in advance. ❖ ** 1962.
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