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Occupational Wage Survey ATLANTA, GEORGIA MAY 1964 Bulletin No. 13 85 -73 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey ATLANTA, GEORGIA MAY 1964 Bulletin No. 1385-73 August 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 25 cents Preface Contents Page The B ureau o f L a b or Statistics p rogra m o f annual occu p ation al wage su rv ey s in m etropolitan areas is d e signed to p rov id e data on occupational earnings, and e s tablishm ent p ra ctic e s and supplem entary wage p ro v isio n s. It yield s d etailed data by se le cte d industry divisions fo r m etrop olitan a rea la b o r m a rk ets, fo r econ om ic reg io n s, and fo r the United States. A m a jor con sid eration in the p rog ra m is the need fo r g re a te r insight into (a) the m o v e m ent o f w ages by occu p a tion a l ca te g o ry and sk ill le v e l, and (b) the stru ctu re and le v e l o f wages among labor m ark ets and industry d iv is io n s . Wage trends fo r se le cte d occupational groups T ables: 1. 2. A: A p re lim in a ry re p o rt and an individual area b u l letin p resen t su rv ey resu lts fo r each labor market studied. A fte r com p letion o f a ll o f the individual area bulletins fo r a round o f s u rv e y s , a tw o -p a rt sum m ary bulletin is issu ed . The fir s t part brin g s data fo r each o f the labor m arkets studied into one bu lletin . The second part presen ts in form a tion w hich has been p ro je cte d from individual labor m arket data to relate to e con om ic regions and the United States. E igh ty-tw o la b or m arkets cu rren tly are included in the p ro g ra m . In form ation on occupational earnings is c o lle c te d annually in each area. Inform ation on estab lishm ent p r a ctice s and supplem entary wage p rovision s is obtained bien n ially in m o st o f the a r e a s . B: E stablishm ents and w o rk e rs within scop e o f su rvey and num ber s tu d ie d _____________________________________ Indexes o f standard w eekly sa la rie s and straigh t-tim e h ourly earnings fo r se le cte d occu pation al groups, and p ercen ts o f in cre a se fo r selected p e rio d s_________ O ccupational earn in gs:* A - 1. O ffice occu pation s—m en and w o m e n --------------------A - 2. P r o fe s s io n a l and tech n ical occupations— m en and w o m e n --------------------------------------------------A -3 . O ffice , p r o fe ssio n a l, and tech n ical occupations— m en and wom en c o m b in e d ------------------------- --------A -4 . Maintenance and powerplant occu p ation s_________ A - 5. C ustodial and m a te ria l m ovem ent occu p a tio n s__ E stablishm ent p ra ctice s and supplem entary wage p ro v isio n s:* B - l . M inimum entrance sa la ries fo r wom en o ffice w ork ers — B - 2. Shift d iffe r e n tia ls _________________________________________ B -3 . Scheduled w eekly h o u r s ---------------------------------------------------B - 5. B -6 . P aid vac a tio n s ------------------------------------------------------------------Health, in su ran ce, and pension plans------------------------------ 3 3 5 9 9 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 Appendix: O ccupational d e s c r ip t io n s ___________ This bulletin p resen ts resu lts o f the su rv ey in Atlanta, Ga. , in M ay 1964. It was p repared in the B ureau 's reg ion a l o ffic e in Atlanta, Ga. , by G eorge G. F a rish , under the d ire ctio n o f Donald M. C ru se, R egional Wage A nalyst. 1 4 *NOTE: S im ilar tabulations are available fo r other a re a s. (See inside back c o v e r .) Union s c a le s , indicative o f p revailin g pay lev els in the Atlanta a re a , a re a lso available fo r building co n stru c tion, printing, lo c a l-tr a n s it operating em p loyees, and m otortru ck d riv e rs and h elp ers. Hi 23 O c c u p a t i o n a l W a g e S u r v e y —A t l a n t a , G a . Introduction as fo r o ffic e c le r ic a l o ccu p a tion s, re fe re n ce is to the w ork schedules (rounded to the n ea rest half hour) fo r w hich straigh t-tim e salaries a re paid; average w eekly earnings fo r these occupations have been rounded to the n earest half d o lla r. This a rea is 1 o f 82 labor m arkets in w hich the U. S. D e partm ent o f L a b o r 's Bureau o f L abor S tatistics conducts surveys o f occu p ation al earnings atid rela ted wage benefits on an areaw ide b a sis. In this a re a , data w e r e obtained by p erson al v isits o f Bureau field e con om ists to rep resen ta tiv e establishm ents within six broad industry d iv isio n s: M anufacturing; transportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities; w h olesa le trade; retail trade; finance, in su ran ce, and r e a l estate; and s e r v ic e s . M ajor industry groups excluded fro m these studies a re governm ent operations and the construction and extractive in d u stries. E stablishm ents having few er than a p re sc r ib e d num ber o f w o rk e rs are om itted b ecau se they tend to furnish in su fficien t em p lo y m ent in the occu pation s studied to w arrant inclusion. Separate tabu lations are p rov id ed fo r each o f the broad industry division s which m eet p u blication c r it e r ia . D iffe re n ce s in pay lev els fo r selected occupations in which both m en and w om en a re com m on ly em ployed m ay be due to such fa cto rs as (1) d iffe re n ce s in the distribution o f the sexes among in du stries and establishm ents; (2) d iffe re n ce s in length o f serv ice or m e rit review when individual sa la rie s are adjusted on this basis; and (3) d iffe re n ce s in sp e c ific duties p e rfo rm e d , although the o c c u pations a re a p p rop ria tely c la s s ifie d within the sam e su rvey job d e scrip tion . Job d escrip tion s used in cla ssify in g em p loyees in these su rveys are usually m o re g en era lized than those used in individual establish m en ts. This allow s fo r m inor d ifferen ces among establish m ents in s p e c ific duties p e rfo rm e d . T hese su rv ey s a re conducted on a sam ple ba sis becau se o f the u n n ecessa ry c o s t involved in surveying all establish m en ts. To obtain optim um a c c u r a c y at minimum c o s t, a greater p rop ortion o f la rg e than o f sm a ll establishm ents is studied. In com bining the data, h ow ev er, a ll establish m en ts a re given their appropriate weight. E s tim ates based on the establishm ents studied are presen ted , th e re fo re , as relating to a ll establishm ents in the industry grouping and a re a , excep t fo r those below the m inim um size studied. Occupational em ploym ent estim ates rep resen t the total in a ll establishm ents within the scop e o f the study and not the number actually surveyed. B ecause o f d iffe re n ce s in occupational structure among establish m en ts, the estim ates of occu pation al em ploym ent obtained fro m the sam ple o f establishm ents studied serve only to indicate the relative im portance o f the jo b s studied. T hese d iffe r en ces in occupational stru ctu re do not m aterially a ffect the accu racy of the earnings data. O ccupations and E arnings The occu p ation s se le cte d for study are com m on to a va riety o f m anufacturing and nonmanufacturing in du stries, and a re o f the follow in g types: (a) O ffice c le r ic a l; (b) p ro fe ssio n a l and technical; (c) m aintenance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and m a teria l m o v e m ent. O ccupational cla s s ific a tio n is based on a u niform set o f job d escrip tio n s d esign ed to take account of inter establishm ent variation in duties within the sam e jo b . The occupations se le cte d fo r study are listed and d e s c r ib e d in the appendix. Earnings data fo r som e o f the occu pation s liste d and d e s crib e d are not presented in the A -s e r ie s tables becau se either (1) em ploym ent in the occupation is too sm all to p rov id e enough data to m e rit presentation, or (2) there is p o s s i b ility o f d is c lo s u r e o f individual establishm ent data. E stablishm ent P r a c tic e s and Supplem entary Wage P ro v isio n s Inform ation is p resen ted (in the B -s e r ie s tables) on selected establishm ent p r a ctice s and supplem entary wage p rov ision s as they relate to o ffice and plant w o rk e rs . A dm in istrative, execu tive, and p ro fe ssio n a l e m p loyees, and fo r c e -a c c o u n t con stru ction w ork ers who are u tilized as a separate w ork fo r c e are excluded. "O ffice w o rk e rs" include w orking su p e rv iso rs and n on su p ervisory w ork ers perform ing c le r ic a l o r related functions. "P lant w o r k e r s " include working forem en and a ll n on su p ervisory w o rk e rs (including leadm en and trainees) en gaged in n onoffice functions. C afeteria w ork ers and routem en are excluded in manufacturing in d u stries, but included in nonmanufacturing in du stries. O ccupational em ploym ent and earnings data are shown for fu ll-tim e w o r k e r s , i. e. , those hired to w ork a regular w eekly schedule in the given occu p ation al cla ss ifica tio n . Earnings data exclude p r e m ium pay for ov ertim e and for w ork on w eekends, h olidays, and late sh ifts. N onproduction bonuses are excluded, but c o s t-o f-liv in g bonuses and incentive earnings are included. W here weekly hours are rep orted , M inimum entrance sa la ries (table B - l ) relate only to the e s tablishm ents v isited . They are p resen ted in term s o f establishm ents with form a l minim um entrance salary p o lic ie s . 1 2 Shift d ifferen tia l data (table B -2 ) a re lim ited to plant w o rk e rs in manufacturing in d u stries. This in form ation is p resen ted both in term s o f (a) establishm ent p o l i c y ,1 p resen ted in term s o f total plant w ork er em ploym ent, and (b) effe ctiv e p r a c tic e , p resen ted in term s o f w o rk e rs actually em ployed on the sp e cifie d shift at the tim e o f the su rvey. In establishm ents having v a rie d d iffe re n tia ls, the amount applying to a m a jority w as u sed o r , if no amount applied to a m a jo rity , the cla ss ifica tio n "o th e r " was u sed. In establishm ents in w hich som e la te -sh ift hours a re paid at n orm a l r a te s , a d ifferen tia l was r e co rd e d only if it applied to a m a jo rity o f the shift hours. The scheduled w eekly hours (table B -3 ) o f a m a jo rity o f the fir s t-s h ift w o rk e rs in an establishm ent are tabulated as applying to a ll o f the plant o r o ffic e w o rk e rs o f that establishm ent. P aid holidays; paid vacations; and health, in su ra n ce, and pension plans (tables B -4 through B -7 ) a re treated sta tistica lly on the b a sis that these are applicable to a ll plant o r o ffic e w o rk e rs if a m a jority o f such w o rk e rs a re elig ib le or m ay eventually qualify fo r the p r a ctice s listed . Sums o f individual item s in tables B -2 through B -7 m ay not equal totals becau se o f rounding. Data on paid holidays (table B -4 ) a re lim ited to data on holidays granted annually on a fo rm a l b a sis; i. e. , (1) a re p rovided fo r in w ritten fo r m , o r (2) have been establish ed by cu stom . Holidays ord in a rily granted a re included even though they m ay fa ll on a non w ork d ay, even if the w o rk e r is not granted another day off. The fir s t part o f the paid holidays table p resen ts the num ber o f whole and half holidays actually granted. The secon d part com bines whole and half holidays to show total holiday tim e . The sum m ary o f vacation plans (table B -5 ) is lim ited to fo rm a l p o lic ie s , excluding in form a l arrangem ents w hereby tim e o ff with pay is granted at the d is cre tio n o f the em p loyer. Separate estim ates are provid ed a ccord in g to em p loyer p ra ctice in computing vacation paym ents, such as tim e paym ents, p ercen t o f annual ea rn in gs, o r fla t-su m am ounts. H ow ever, in the tabulations o f vacation pay, paym ents not on a tim e b a sis w e re con verted to a tim e b a sis; fo r exam p le, a payment o f 2 p ercen t o f annual earnings was con sid ered as the equivalent o f 1 w e e k 's pay. A n establidunent was considered as having a p olicy if it m et either o f the following conditions: (1) Operated late shifts at the time o f the survey, or (2) had formal provisions covering late shifts. An establishment was considered as having formal provisions if it (1 ) had operated late drifts during the 12 months prior to the survey, or (2) had provisions in written form for operating late shifts. Data are presented fo r a ll health, in su ra n ce, and pen sion plans (tables B -6 and B -7) fo r w hich at lea st a part o f the co st is born e by the e m p loyer, excepting only lega l requ irem en ts such as w ork m en 's com pensation, s o c ia l s e cu rity , and ra ilro a d retirem en t. Such plans include those underw ritten by a c o m m e r c ia l insurance com pany and those provided through a union fund o r paid d ire ctly by the em ployer out o f cu rren t operating funds or fr o m a fund set a sid e fo r this p u rpose. Death ben efits a re included as a fo rm o f life insurance. Sickness and acciden t in su ran ce is lim ited to that type o f insurance under which pred eterm in ed ca sh paym ents a re m ade d ir e c tly to the insured on a w eekly or m onthly b a sis during illn e ss or a ccid en t d isa b ility . Inform ation is presen ted fo r a ll such plans to w hich the em p loyer contributes. H ow ever, in New Y ork and New J e rs e y , w hich have enacted tem pora ry disability in su ran ce laws w hich req u ire e m p lo y e r co n trib u tio n s,2 plans are included only if the em p loyer (1) c o n tributes m ore than is legally re q u ire d , or (2) p rov id es the em p loyee with benefits which exceed the requ irem en ts o f the law. Tabulations o f paid sick leave plans are lim ited to fo rm a l p la n s 3 w hich p rovid e fu ll pay o r a p rop ortion o f the w o r k e r 's pay during ab sen ce fr o m w ork b ecau se o f illn ess. Separate tabulations a re p resen ted a cco rd in g to (1) plans which p rovide full pay and no w aiting p e rio d , and (2) plans w hich provide either partial pay o r a waiting p eriod . In addition to the presentation o f the p rop ortion s o f w o rk e rs who are p rov id ed sick n ess and acciden t insurance o r paid sick le a v e , an unduplicated total is shown o f w ork ers who r e c e iv e either or both types o f b en efits. Catastrophe in su ran ce, som etim es r e fe r r e d to as extended m e d ica l in su ran ce, includes those plans w hich a re design ed to p ro te ct em p loyees in ca se o f sick n ess and in ju ry involving exp en ses beyond the n orm al coverage o f h ospitalization, m e d ica l, and su rg ica l plans. M ed ica l insurance r e fe r s to plans p rovidin g fo r com p lete o r p artial payment o f d o c to r s ' fe e s . Such plans m ay be underw ritten by c o m m e r c ia l insurance com panies o r nonprofit organ ization s o r they m ay be se lf-in su re d . Tabulations o f retirem en t pen sion plans are lim ited to those plans that provide m onthly paym ents for the rem ain d er o f the w o r k e r 's life . Z The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require em ployer contributions. 3 An establishment was considered as having a formal plan if it established at least the minimum number o f days o f sick leave that could be expected by each em ployee. Such a plan need not be written, but informal sick leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, were excluded. 3 Table 1. Establishments and w orkers within scope o f survey and number studied in Atlanta, G a ., Minimum employment in establish ments in scope o f study Industry division by m ajor industry division, 2 May 1964 Number o f establishments Within scope of study 3 W orkers in establishments Within scope o f study Studied Studied T otal4 Office Plant T otal4 A ll d ivision s-------------------------------------------------------------------------- _ 891 220 205, 200 41,600 127,800 122.810 Manufacturing— — —... _ ... . . . . Nonmanufacturing—. __ -. -. — . ------T ransportation, com m unication, and other public utilities 5 — — ------W holesale tra d e --------------------------------------------------------------R etail trade— Finance, insurance, and rea l e s ta te -----------------------------S ervices 7-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 - 295 596 68 152 84, 500 120,700 8,800 32,800 62, 000 65,800 52,650 70, 160 50 50 50 50 50 78 158 164 102 94 31 33 36 29 23 6,400 6, 300 5, 200 13,200 (8) 20, 000 9, 300 27,300 *700 (8) 27,750 6, 500 20,310 10,460 5, 140 34, 18, 36, 19, 12, 000 700 600 200 200 1 The Atlanta Standard M etropolitan Statistical Area consists of Clayton, Cobb, DeKalb, Fulton, and Gwinnett Counties. The "w orkers within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and com position of the labor fo rce included in the survey. The estim ates are not intended, how ever, to serve as a basis of com p a rison with other em ploym ent indexes for the area to measure employment trends or levels since (1) planning o f wage surveys requires the use of establishm ent data com piled considerably in advance o f the pa yroll period studied, and (2) sm all establishments are excluded from the scope o f the survey. 2 The 1957 rev ised edition of the Standard Industrial C lassification Manual was used in cla ssifyin g establishm ents by industry division. 3 Includes all establishm ents with total employment at or above the minimum lim itation. A ll outlets (within the area) of com panies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair s e rv ice , and m otion picture theaters are con sidered as 1 establishment. 4 Includes executive, profession a l, and other w orkers excluded from the separate o ffice and plant categories. 5 Taxicabs and se rv ice s incidental to water transportation were excluded. 6 Estimate relates to rea l estate establishments only. W orkers from the entire industry division are represented in the S eries A tables, but from the real estate portion only in "all industry" estim ates in the Series B tables. 7 Hotels; personal s e rv ice s ; business serv ices; automobile repair shops; m otion pictures; nonprofit m em bership organizations; and engineering and architectural s e rv ice s . 8 This industry division is represented in estim ates fo r "all industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A tables, and fo r "a ll industries" in the S eries B tables. Separate presentation o f data fo r this d ivision is not made fo r one or m ore o f the following reasons: (l) Employment in the division is too sm all to provide enough data to m erit separate study, (2) the sam ple was not designed initially to perm it separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient o r inadequate to perm it separate presentation, and (4) there is p ossibility of disclosure of individual establishm ent data. Table 2. Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-tim e hourly earnings fo r selected occupational groups, and percents o f in crease fo r selected p eriods, Atlanta, Ga. Index (May 1961=100) Industry and occupational group May 1964 Percents o f increase May 1963 to May 1964 May 1962 to May 1963 May 1961 to May 1962 June I960 to May 1961 A ll industries: Office c le r ic a l (men and women) - . Industrial nurses (men and women)— Skilled maintenance (m en)--------------------------U nskilled plant (m en )---------------------------------- 110. 5 113.2 111. 0 110. 5 2 .9 4 .9 3. 5 1. 5 4 .2 3 .0 3 .0 2.3 3. 1 4. 7 4. 1 6 .4 3.7 1. 1 3.6 2.7 Manufacturing: O ffice c le r ic a l (men and w om en)---------------Industrial nurses (men and women)------------Skilled maintenance (men)--------------------------U nskilled plant (m en )__ - . 110.5 112. 5 109.9 109. 3 2.7 3. 2 2 .8 1.3 3. 1 2 .8 3. 3 .3 4 .4 6. 0 3. 5 7. 6 2 .9 1. 5 3. 3 4. 1 4 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups P resen ted in table 2 are indexes and p ercen ta ges o f change in average sa la ries o f o ffic e c le r ic a l w o rk e rs and industrial n u rse s, and in average earnings o f selected plant w ork er grou ps. F or o ffic e c le r ic a l w o rk e rs and industrial n u rs e s, the p e r centages o f change relate to average w eekly sa la rie s fo r n orm a l hours o f w ork , that is , the standard w ork schedule fo r w hich stra igh t-tim e sa la rie s are paid. F or plant w ork er grou p s, they m easu re changes in average stra igh t-tim e hourly earn in gs, excluding prem ium pay fo r ov ertim e and fo r w ork on w eeken ds, h olidays, and late sh ifts. The p ercen tages a re based on data for se le cte d key occu pation s and in clude m ost o f the n u m erica lly im portant jo b s within each group. The o ffice c le r ic a l data are based on m en and w om en in the follow ing 19 jo b s: B ookkeeping-m achine o p e r a to r s , cla ss B; c le r k s , accounting, cla ss A and B; c le r k s , file , c la s s A , B , and C; c le r k s , o rd e r; c le r k s , p a y roll; C om ptom eter op e ra to rs; keypunch o p e ra to rs, c la s s A and B; o ffic e boys and g ir ls ; s e c r e ta r ie s ; sten ograph ers, gen eral; sten og ra p h e rs, sen ior; sw itchboard op e ra to rs; tabulating-m achine o p e r a to r s , cla s s B; and ty p ists, c la s s A and B, The industrial nurse data a re based on m en and w om en industrial n u rses. Men in the follow ing 8 sk illed m aintenance jo b s and 2 unskilled jo b s a re included in the plant w ork er data: S k illed— ca rp en ters; e le ctricia n s; m a ch in ists; m e ch anics; m ech a n ics, autom otive; pain ters; p ip efitters; and to o l and die m ak ers; unskilled— ja n ito r s , p o r te r s , and cle a n e rs; and la b o r e r s , m a teria l handling. A verage w eekly sa la ries o r average hourly earnings w e re com puted for each o f the se le cte d occu pation s. The average sa la rie s o r hourly earnings w ere then m ultiplied by em ploym ent in each o f the job s during the p e rio d surveyed in 1961. T hese w eighted earnings fo r individual occupations w ere then totaled to obtain an aggregate fo r each occupational group. F in ally, the ratio (e x p re s s e d as a percen tage) o f the group aggregate fo r the one y ea r to the aggregate fo r the other yea r was computed and the d iffe re n ce betw een the resu lt and 100 is the percentage o f change fro m the one p e rio d to the oth er. The indexes w ere com puted by m ultiplying the ra tios fo r each group aggregate fo r each p eriod after the base y ea r (1961). The indexes and p ercen tages o f change m e a su re , p rin cip a lly , the e ffects of (1) gen eral salary and wage changes; (2) m e rit o r oth er in cre a se s in pay re ce iv e d by individual w o rk e rs w hile in the sam e job ; and (3) changes in average w ages due to changes in the labor fo r c e resulting fro m labor tu rn over, fo r c e exp an sion s, fo r c e red u ction s, and changes in the p rop ortion s o f w o rk e rs em p loyed by establish m en ts with d ifferen t pay le v e ls. Changes in the la b or fo r c e can cause in cre a se s or d e cre a se s in the occu p ation al a v era ges without actual wage changes. F o r exam ple, a fo r c e expansion m ight in cre a se the p rop ortion of low er paid w o rk e rs in a s p e c ific occu p ation and low er the a vera ge, w hereas a redu ction in the p rop ortion o f low er paid w o rk e rs would have the opposite e ffe ct. S im ila rly , the m ovem en t o f a high-paying establishm ent out o f an a rea cou ld cau se the a v era ge earnings to d rop , even though no change in rates o c c u r r e d in other establishm ents in the area. The use of constant em ploym ent w eights elim in ates the e ffe ct of changes in the prop ortion of w o rk e rs rep resen ted in each jo b in cluded in the data. The p ercen tages of change r e fle c t only changes in average pay fo r straight-tim e h ours. T hey are not in flu enced by changes in standard w ork sch ed u les, as such, or by prem iu m pay fo r overtim e. The above text rep resen ts the method used in computing a new index (196*1 base) and trend s e r ie s . This s e r ie s , initiated with the expansion o f the labor m arket wage su rvey p rog ra m to 80 Standard M etropolitan Statistical A r e a s , r e p la ce s the old s e r ie s (1953 b a se). The new s e r ie s c o v e r s the sam e jo b groupings as the e a rlie r s e r ie s with the follow ing excep tion s: The c le r ic a l and industrial nurse grou p s, fo r m e r ly r e s tricte d to w om en, now include both men and w om en. Changes w ere a lso m ade in the jo b s included within jo b groupings in o r d e r that an identical list could be em ployed in a ll a re a s. A: Occupational Earnings 5 Table A-l. O ffice Occupations—Men and W om en (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r s e le cte d occupations studied on an area b a sis by industry division , Atlanta, Ga. , M ay 1964) Average Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of worker* Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of— $ $ Weekly Weekly U n der W hours * earnings 1 $ and (standard) (standard) 45 under 50 50 * S $ $ $ S $ 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 60 65 70 75 80 85 $ $ 8 $ 90 95 100 105 90 95 IOC 105 110 26 18 8 1 2 42 15 27 5 15 17 3 14 43 9 34 22 1 21 6 9 18 45 5 40 41 22 $ $ $ $ $ $ 110 115 12C 125 130 135 115 120 125 130 135 140 37 52 28 24 14 16 4 6 10 1 8 2 2 18 8 6 2 2 1 $ $ % $ S 160 14C 145 150 155 145 150 155 160 .over. 9 10 2 8 2 1 — 4 4 _ _ - 1 2 _ _ and 55 MEN $ 110.50 109.00 CLERKS* ACCOUNTING, CLASS A ----MANUFACTURING----------------------— NONMANUFACTURING -------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES2---------------WHOLESALE TRADE ------------------ 363 242 56 139 39.5 4C.0 39.5 3 9.0 4 0.0 CLERKS* ACCOUNTING* CLASS B ----MANUFACTURING -------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES 2 ---------------WHOLESALE TRADE ------------------ 427 61 366 42 203 4 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 39.5 39.5 85.50 78.50 86.50 95.00 89.00 _ - _ — - “ ~ CLERKS* FILE, CLASS B NONMANUFACTURING ----- 81 76 3 9.5 39.0 69.50 68.50 _ _ _ - - ~ CLERKS* ORDER ----------------NONMANUFACTURING ----WHOLESALE TRADE — 194 147 140 40.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 90.00 88.50 89.00 _ _ — 3 - CLERKS* PAYROLL ------------MANUFACTURING ----------- 89 60 4 0 .0 40.0 100.50 98.00 OFFICE BOYS -------------------NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC UTILITIES2WHOLESALE TRADE — FINANCE3------------------ 244 41 53 89 3 9.0 3 9.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 61.50 61.00 73.50 60.00 57.50 169 143 43 39.0 39.0 3 9.0 109.00 106.50 107.00 121 221 1 1 1 .0 0 114.00 114.00 TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS* NONMANUFACTURING -----------------PUBLIC UTILITIES2-------------- 1 - _ _ - ~ 193 154 34 68 39.5 3 9.0 3 9.0 39.0 87.50 82.50 86 . 50 77.00 TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS* CLASS C NONMANUFACTURING---------------- * -------- 103 95 39.5 3 9.5 76.00 74.5 0 TYPISTS, CLASS B -------- -----------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES2 ----------------------- 106 105 105 4 0.0 40.0 4 0.0 95.50 96.00 96.00 88 66 39.5 39.5 75.00 72.50 73 4 0.0 67.50 BILLERS* MACHINE (BILLING MACHINE) ------------------------------------NONMANLFACTURING -----------------BILLERS, MACHINE (BOOKKEEPING MACHINE) ------------------------------------See footn otes at end o f table. — — - - — — - 1 1 - - 4 17 - 12 - _ _ ~ - - - - 1 1 2 5 5 1 _ _ - “ - - 1 1 1 _ ~ _ “ _ 8 8 47 45 16 3 7 2 5 14 5 4 8 7 9 3 1 1 5 5 5 48 48 48 8 2 1 1 1 1 1 5 12 - 8 - 6 6 _ _ 10 10 11 3 _ - ~ 1 8 1 1 1 3 3 8 8 1 14 14 3 15 16 16 9 9 1 4 6 2 14 14 3 25 25 4 9 22 15 18 5 12 16 13 5 10 - 10 2 2 ~ ** 22 6 35 34 7 17 4 4 20 20 19 19 7 5 13 13 14 14 9 7 6 6 6 2 2 2 8 8 8 4 4 4 10 10 10 6 6 6 10 10 10 12 12 12 - - _ - - 6 — — — - 9 1 _ _ - 12 6 2 2 2 - 2 _ — 15 7 22 22 6 6 6 “ 11 11 11 - 10 6 6 _ 13 2 2 2 " 1 13 13 4 _ - 5 14 13 4 3 — ” - 5 4 16 _ - 9 7 5 - _ — ~ 10 10 10 7 "* ~ 5 5 5 6 _ - 2 2 6 2 — 1 18 - _ _ _ 1 1 5 4 _ _ _ _ 10 10 — _ _ 2 10 8 ~ _ _ 16 2 1 9 14 _ _ 24 17 23 51 2 2 16 - 6 4 2 2 29 3 6 1 22 6 58 4 4 18 — _ _ 1 21 1 1 “ ~ 8 2 1 6 15 1 25 24 24 1 1 9 4 5 10 59 2 13 13 13 34 30 — 20 2 1 _ 12 6 1 2 33 35 2 3 2 8 8 36 34 27 10 - _ 10 10 10 90 — 8 8 101 _ 9 9 5 60 3 57 69 - • 2 45 3 3 3 2 10 - 20 6 37 14 23 21 21 21 3 — 46 46 1 1 22 6 1 1 - 7 12 3 3 — _ 1 11 26 4 19 8 8 - _ 5 8 14 14 _ — - 1 37 29 7 17 17 - — • 8 6 4 4 “ ~ 6 14 - “ _ 44 - 9 9 24 24 - - _ - — 3 _ - 21 1 38 5 7 “ - TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS, NONMANUFACTURING -----------------PUBLIC UTILITIES2-------------FINANCE3------------------------------- — - 9 9 8 14 13 26 3 15 5 21 1 10 7 15 1 - 32 6 7 2 6 1 1 6 2 2 1 3 2 1 2 - Table A-l. 6 O ffice O ccupations—Men and W om en — Continued (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry d ivision , Atlanta, Ga. , May 1964) Average Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers * * $ $ * 50 55 60 Weekly Under 45 Weekly hours 1 earnings 1 * and (standard) (standard) 43 under ________ 5C 55 60 65 * 65 $ 70 70 75 Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of— $ $ $ $ * $ * $ $ $ $ $ $ 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 l2C 125 130 135 80 85 90 95 ICO 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 14C WOMEN - CONTINUED BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS* CLASS A -----------------------— ---------MANUFACTURING-------— --------------* NON'MANUFACTURING —* FINANCE3--------------- >------------ -**— 80.50 82.00 79.50 80.00 — 54 39.5 40.0 39.5 3 9.0 MANUFACTURING-------- ------------NONMANUFACTURING ~ ?---------------- — WHOLESALE TRADE — -----------FINANCE3-------------- — --------- —* 356 94 262 136 76 39.5 39.5 39.5 4 0.0 3 9.0 73.00 75.00 72.50 74.50 67.0 0 _ — - CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A —«-*— MANUFACTURING------------------------ — NONMANUFACTURING —i------------PUBLIC UTILITIES2-------------->-— RETAIL TRACE------------------- m— FINANCE3-------------»-r— 443 104 339 139 84 92 3 9.5 39.5 39.0 38.5 4 1.0 3 8.0 97.00 100.50 95.50 106.50 85.00 _ — — - 8 6 .0 0 - CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B —w*— MANUFACTURING-------- --------------- — NONMANUFACTURING PUBLIC UTILITIES2------WHOLESALE TRA0E --------RETAIL TRACE------ -------FINANCE3 ----------------------- 1,568 1,358 392 362 167 390 39.0 39.5 3 9.0 38.0 4 0.0 40.0 39.0 75.50 76.50 75.00 75.50 88.50 68.50 65.00 _ — CLERKS, FILE, CLASS A NONMANLFACTORING ----FINANCE3------------------ 123 105 51 3 9.0 39.0 39.0 80.50 78.50 70.50 _ — CLERKS, FILE, CLASS B NONMANLFACTURING -----PUBLIC UTILITIES2WHOLESALE TRADE — FINANCE3-------------- — 41C 381 39 62.50 62.00 73.50 69.50 58.50 2 2 209 39.0 3 9.0 3 9.0 39.5 39.0 * CLERKS, FILE, CLASS C NONMANUFACTUPING ----FINANCE3-------------- ---- 442 428 291 3 9.0 3 9.0 3 8.5 54.50 54.00 54.00 CLERKS, ORCER ---------------NONMANLFACTURING ----WHOLESALE TRACE — RETAIL TRACE --------- 291 259 184 71 3 9.5 39.5 3 9.5 40.0 74.00 74.00 77.50 65.50 CLERKS, PAYROLL ------------MANUFACTURING ----------NONMANUFACTURING ----PUBLIC UTILITIES2WHOLESALE TRACE — 332 114 218 59 61 3 9.5 39.5 3 9.5 38.5 39.5 83.00 81.50 83.50 92.50 COMPTOMETER OPERATORS MANUFACTURING ----------NONMANUFACTURING ----WHOLESALE TRACE — RETAIL TRACE --------- 487 58 429 225 191 3 9.5 40.0 3 9.5 4C.0 39.0 78.00 90.00 76.50 78.50 73.00 169 67 102 BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS, See footnotes at end o f table. 210 68 8 8 .0 0 - 2 — 2 — _ — — - 34 5 29 13 13 _ — — — - - 43 188 3 185 - 88 6 10 16 9 67 43 - 26 — - — _ — - - - 61 60 - 132 130 6 10 — ~ 49 21 - 21 10 62 33 29 27 13 14 3 41 23 18 16 50 32 12 22 12 65 14 51 24 26 13 10 8 51 13 38 - 49 66 8 1 28 6 3 1 2 3 26 3 1 2 — 7 7 22 3 51 63 8 12 6 6 - 6 43 5 16 51 36 49 28 1C 18 4 5 4 17 14 7 58 34 9 25 55 1 17 12 158 53 105 18 155 29 126 26 23 31 37 160 13 147 94 24 13 88 274 32 242 63 9 47 117 6 1 1 18 18 18 15 14 13 15 12 22 21 16 15 3 3 7 7 2 2 7 7 1 2 1 l 1 1 89 80 3 17 52 48 46 10 8 1 15 15 9 4 3 12 6 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 6 3 3 3 _ - 19 17 35 29 7 7 4 - _ - _ - - _ — 3 3 23 13 20 12 12 — - 10 10 10 _ — — 58 14 44 31 17 14 15 21 27 2 13 4 17 9 26 210 33 177 36 25 28 8 11 28 48 25 1 1 1 7 7 5 5 2 2 43 36 49 48 26 18 54 41 29 71 69 60 9 38 17 27 15 27 7 21 2 12 20 2 8 - — — 22 7 5 2 14 - - 5 15 1 5 15 27 18 9 8 2 12 - 5 - ~ 5 15 18 78 101 1 6 5 15 17 5 15 72 41 31 4 97 45 52 — 1 1 4 3 - 1 2 2 1 — “ ~ ~ — 11 11 8 - 1 - 1 6 1 1 48 48 24 — - 7 51 _ — 11 11 l 66 - 1 6 6 8 8 1 248 247 169 — - 30 17 13 14 — — - 3 47 47 37 - 34 18 8 6 2 2 3 83 1 8 — 51 79 42 10 7 70 14 56 9 16 27 “ 22 2 12 56 76 11 45 10 27 - 11 65 9 49 11 117 A 113 5 108 24 2 56 2 21 1 32 24 13 12 12 13 1 2 15 1 14 7 7 34 25 9 3 106 14 92 49 38 16 4 8 — 2 14 9 9 62 5 57 27 29 42 40 29 9 11 1 10 2 5 5 1 16 4 11 12 8 14 - e 15 3 9 3 3 12 3 9 8 1 1 23 9 14 14 17 11 6 4 2 5 2 3 1 24 9 5 16 16 2 2 4 10 1 10 8 2 2 8 $ l4C 145 $ $ 145 150 150 155 .< 155 160 160 , an over Table A-l. O ffice O ccupations—Men and W om en — Continued 7 (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Atlanta, Ga. , May 1964) Av«•rage Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earning s of— $ $ $ $ $ $ A $ % $ $ % $ S $ $ S 1 % % $ $ $ 50 45 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 and and under — 50__ 55 65 60 70 75 80 85 90 95 ICC 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 14C 145 150 155 160 over $ Sex, occupation, and industry division of workers Weekly Weekly hours 1 earnings 1 $ (standard) (standard) 45 WOMEN - CONTINUED $ 89.00 87.00 86.50 74.50 _ - 70.00 84.00 202 39.0 3 9.5 39.0 38-0 4C.0 4C.0 3 9 .C OFFICE GIRLS ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------FINANCE3----------------------------------------- 157 132 56 39.0 39.0 39.0 59.00 59.00 59.00 SECRETARIES ------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING-------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES2-----------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ------------------------RETAIL TRADE--------------------- •--------FINANCE3-------------- ------------------------- 2.185 658 1,527 312 368 156 626 3 9.0 39.5 39.0 3 6.5 3 9.5 4C.0 39.0 96.00 100.50 94.50 STENOGRAPHERS. GENERAL ---------------------manufacturing ------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES2 -----------------------WHOLESALE TRACE -------------------------RETAIL TRADE ------------------------------FINANCE3----------------------------------------- 1,591 266 1,325 420 388 117 370 39.0 STENOGRAPHERS. SENIOR ----------------------MANUFACTURING-------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES 2 -----------------------WHOLESALE TRAOE ------------------------FINANCE3------------------------------ ---------- 721 390 331 65 98 39.5 3 9.5 39.0 38.0 4 0 .C 38.5 SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS-------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES2-----------------------RETAIL TRACE-------------------- — ------- 253 216 46 72 4 0.5 4 0.5 39.5 4 0 .5 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS. CLASS A — --------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------WHOLESALE TRACE -------------------------FINANCE3----------------------------------------- 546 459 158 107 3 9.5 39.0 3 9.5 3 8.0 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS. CLASS B ------------MANUFACTURING-------------------------------NONMANUFACTUPING --------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES2-----------------------WHOLESALE TRACE -------------- ---------RETAIL TRADE--------------------- ---------FINANCE3----------------------------------------- 612 76 536 SWITCHBOARD CPEPATOR-RECEPTIONISTSMANUFACTURING --------------------------------NONMANLFACTURING---------------- ----------PUBLIC UTILITIES2 -----------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ------------------------FINANCE3---------------------------------------TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS B ------------------------------------ ------- — NONMANUFACTUPING --------------------------- See footn otes at end o f table, 102 75 105 102 377 108 269 41 3 9 .5 39.0 3 8.5 4 0.0 39.5 38.5 6 8 .0 0 70-00 74.50 65.50 65.50 1 1 2 .0 0 96.50 92.50 85.50 78.50, 78. 50 78.50 8 6 .0 0 80.00 69.50 7C.50 94.50 99.00 88.50 85.50 1 0 1 .0 0 “ _ — - _ - _ _ 19 — 19 _ _ - - _ _ 121 68 39.5 40.0 39.5 4C.0 4 0.0 3 8.5 73.00 70.50 74.00 90.00 77.50 63.00 103 95 38.5 38.5 76.50 74.50 54 7 13 37 22 24 27 11 20 35 35 58 47 21 10 39 27 17 9 9 - 9 7 4 7 7 4 21 95 — 95 26 81 16 65 191 49 142 5 41 ~ - 13 3 81 43 _ - _ — — — - 65 9 13 60 87 — - 113 5 108 18 3 30 37 13 . 35 74 70 29 19 12 6 11 2 2 _ 3 59 56 94 - _ 44 43 9 29 11 — — - 11 11 42 41 27 108 ~ 25 - 10 _ - 4 25 10 10 108 4 104 96 - 82.00 75.50 72.00 94. 50 65.50 1 1 — — — 4 — 4 — 4 “ — 21 4 4 20 88 2 11 66 175 17f X 158 34 31 1 21 2 47 38 21 12 2 26 4 16 26 13 - 22 21 1 32 31 _ 5 5 4 10 2 8 - — — “ — - 2 10 8 8 8 168 271 163 108 57 37 79 10 6 21 4 2 54 12 27 27 17 2 1 12 8 52 25 78 38 53 33 20 4 6 1 2 35 9 2 33 16 17 5 l 7 73 19 54 4 4 13 79 48 17 31 7 56 45 225 197 28 17 9 25 8 3 4 4 3 2 2 4 17 24 23 1 1 57 8 167 39 128 33 14 28 39 5 70 63 7 73 35 38 4 30 4 1 213 54 159 26 32 4 65 48 9 12 2 1 3 3 74 29 41 72 31 41 - 30 30 4 4 63 19 31 62 15 47 24 16 - 4 4 68 y c - 4 4 147 19 - 10 22 13 21 1C 180 4 12 7 7 3 72 17 8 10 10 85 12 - 4 4 3 120 13 - 10 78 21 8 57 172 11 21 2 28 5 23 — 38 28 27 76 9 105 23 61 65 22 2 22 202 1 1 142 133 20 86 6 224 26 17 3 14 34 31 14 21C 56 154 14 49 13 75 245 1 15 - 238 44 194 29 23 114 9 10 2 52 CX 16 7 5 82 16 3 43 227 47 180 27 27 37 85 6 8 57 9 14 28 22 11 46 11 271 102 169 24 31 12 67 20 4 32 18 14 6 69 19 50 6 21 21 17 15 14 12 11 9 g 11 4 7 7 3 3 8 14 3 12 18 6 2 11 2 12 16 4 3 3 3 24 7 9 3 3 27 26 - 4 3 12 66 102 40 31 7 28 25 13 13 14 — 14 5 11 3 32 24 11 24 18 6 1 2 l 2 2 26 13 13 7 5 2 1 5 11 2 4 4 10 27 7 2C 15 3 1 1 1 1 1 - 21 6 15 4 3 _ - 1 16 1 14 2 1 - 10 4 - 10 22 5 1 _ 4 1 8 8 - _ 7 11 68 49 9 4C 27 3 - 1 _ 1 1 _ ~ — - 3 l 2 3 10 9 4 4 4 2 1 1 2 4 1 2 1 _ 8 Table A-l. O ffice Occupations—Men and W om en — Continued (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Atlanta, Ga. , May 1964) Average Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of woikers $ Weekly Weekly hours 1 earnings 1 (standard) (standard) 50 55 60 65 Number of w workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of— $ $ 70 80 75 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 167 155 28 117 118 99 25 62 47 46 19 23 43 40 15 18 30 30 13 113 3 130 73 110 6 119 73 16 57 3 3 35 51 24 8 5 3 3 45 Under , and $ 45 under $ $ $ % % WCPEN - CCNTINUEC TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATORS, GENERAL -----------------------------------------NON'MANUFACTURING---------------------WHOLESALE TRADE -------------------FINANCE3 ---------------------------------TYPISTS, CLASS A ---------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------NONPANUFACTURING ---------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES2-----------------WHOLESALE TRACE -------------------FINANCE3----------------------------------TYPISTS, CLASS 13-------*-------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------NCNMANUFACTURING ---------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES2 -----------------WHOLESALE TRAOE -------------------RETAIL TRADE -------------------------FINANCE3----------------------------------- 1 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 $ 68.50 52 8 489 137 277 39.-0 39.0 4C.0 3 8.5 73.0 0 65.00 666 3 9.0 4 0.0 3 9.0 3 9 .C 39.5 3 8.5 71.50 81.50 70.00 85.50 75.00 66.50 38.5 39.5 38.5 39.0 4 0.0 4 0 .C 38.0 62.50 66.50 62.00 78.00 63.00 59.50 59.50 77 589 55 80 374 1,393 203 1, 19C 101 109 90 863 6 8 .0 0 — — - 15 15 — - “ “ 9 61 61 9 40 _ 2 78 — - - 23 _ — - 2 - — 23 — — - 78 — - 5 99 89 104 17 87 5 39 40 246 77 169 65 16 49 10 2 11 6 11 2 17 60 2 167 17 150 412 30 382 19 389 25 364 8 12 1 20 15 134 26 317 42 36 271 44 5 108 - 2 — - 2 - 7 25 31 29 14 - - 12 - - 21 7 23 4 2 6 1 11 8 12 8 71 17 9 24 17 3 3 4 1 — 2 1 - 6 1 2 11 1 11 11 11 1 1 11 11 6 20 11 31 13 10 12 2 2 2 7 6 2 4 4 14 2 12 12 3 3 1 1 1 _ — - 1 1 1 1 1 1 — - 4 1 5 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Finance, insurance, and real estate. Workers were distributed as follows: 3 at $ 35 to $40; and 22 at $40 to $45. - _ _ - _ _ - — — — — _ — - Tabic A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and W om en 9 (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Atlanta, Ga., May 1964) Average Sex, occupation, and industry division $ Number of workers $ $ $ $ $ $ Number of workers receiving straight -time weekly earnings of— 4 $ $ $ » % $ $ $ $ $ % $ $ $ $ % $ 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 - - - 9 6 8 41 23 18 17 9 1 23 9 14 12 - 19 5 14 26 - 19 4 15 46 — “ 38 19 19 91 CX •IX g l X Weekly Weekly hours 1 earnings 1 (standard) (standard) under and 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 over 5 5 1 6 - - — “ 1 6 2 MEN $ DRAFTSMEN, SENICR ----- ------------------------MANUFACTURING---------------- ---------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------r\n A ArrvriirA i UK 1 o “ fcN, .............. ---------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTUMING — ---------------------------- 304 117 187 3 9.5 40.0 39.5 125.00 130.50 121.50 1 — 1 3 2 3 — — - 3 2 3 40 mkiTrn JUNiLK 4 0.0 39.0 1 0 0 .0 0 15C 81 56 4 0.0 4 0.0 107.50 112.50 122 87.50 - 2 2 12 9 ~ 17 — 34 _ 2 4 3 3 3 11 5 27 28 7 4 4 23 16 3 18 36 5 5 9 5 5 7 5 2 1 4 2 12 16 - — 12 8 3 16 - 10 — 12 3 4 ~ 5 5 8 ~ 1 23 4 21 2 6 6 WOMEN NURSES, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) -----MANUFACTURING--------------------------- -— ------- 1 7 7 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Atlanta, Ga., May 1964) Average Occupation and industry division Number of workers Weekly Weekly hours 1 earnings1 (standard) (standard) OFFICE OCCUPATIONS BILLERS, MACHINE (BILLING MACHINE ) --------------------—-------------■*--------NONMANUFACTURING---------------- - --------- 97 75 39.5 39.5 $ 77.50 76.00 BILLERS, MACHINE ( 8C0KKFEPING MACHINE) ---------------------------------------------- 73 4 0.0 67.50 See footn otes at end of table. II Average Occupation and industry division Number of workers Weekly Weekly hours 1 earnings 1 (standard) (standard) Average Occupation and industry division OFFICE OCCUPATIONS— CONTINUED OFFICE OCCUPATIONS— CONTINUED BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS* CLASS A ----------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------FINANCE2-------------- ------------------------- BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS* CLASS B MANUFACTURING --------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING---------------- ---------WHOLESALE TRADE-------------- ---------FINANCE2---------------------------------------- 177 70 107 54 3 9.5 4 0 .0 3 9.5 3 9.0 $ 81.00 81.50 81.00 80.00 •Number of workers 364 95 269 139 76 Weekly Weekly hours 1 earnings 1 (standard) (standard) 39.5 39.5 39.5 4 0.0 39.0 $ 73.00 75.00 72.50 74.50 67.00 2 T a b le A -3. 10 O ffice, Professional, and T ech n ica l O ccu p a tion s—M en and W o m e n C om bin ed— C ontinued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t-t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a rn in g s f o r s e le c t e d o cc u p a tio n s stu died on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u stry d iv isio n , A tlanta, G a., M ay 1964) Number of workers Weekly Weekly hours 1 earnings 1 (standard) (standard) OFFICE OCCUPATIONS— CONTINUED $ Occupation and industry division workers OFFICE OCCUPATIONS— CONTINUED 401 353 60 145 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 3 8 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 6 6 .0 0 SECRETARIES --------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NCNMANUFACTURING------------------ ---------PUBLIC UTILITIES 3 ------------------------WHOLESALE TRADE --------------------------RETAIL TRACE --------------------------------FINANCE2 ------------------------------------------ 2 , 193 659 1 ,5 3 4 319 368 156 626 3 9.0 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 3 8 .5 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL ----------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES 3 ------------------------WHOLESALE TRACE --------------------------RETAIL TRACE -------------------------------FINANCE2 ------------------------------------------ 1 ,6 0 0 266 1,3 3 4 429 388 117 370 3 9 .C 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 3 8 .5 4C.0 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 723 390 333 65 1 ,9 9 5 271 1 ,7 2 4 434 565 224 437 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 3 8 .0 4C.0 4 0 .5 3 9 .0 CLERKS, FILE, CLASS A -------NONMANUFACTURING -----------FINANCE2 ------------------------- 126 108 51 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 8 1 .0 0 7 9 .5 0 7C .50 CLERKS, FILE, CLASS B ---------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES 3-------------- ------WHOLESALE TRADE -----------------------FINANCE2 -------------------------------------- 491 457 45 74 224 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 3 8 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 6 4 .0 0 6 3 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 7 1 .0 0 5 8 .0 0 1 0 3 .0 0 105 .00 1 0 2 .0 0 1 0 8 .5 0 1 1 3 .0 0 8 6 .5 0 8 8 .0 0 CLERKS, FILE, CLASS C ------------------------NONMANUFACTURING----------------- ----------FINANCE2 ------------------------------------------ 468 454 316 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 3 8 .5 5 4 .5 0 5 4 .5 0 5 4 .0 0 CLERKS, ORDER -----------MANUFACTURING -----NONMANUFACTUPING ■ WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRACE — 485 79 406 324 78 4 0 .0 4 0 .C 4 0 .0 4 0 .C 4C .0 CLERKS, PAYROLL -----------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------NONMANLFACTURING------------------ ----------PUBLIC UTILITIES 3 ------------- ----------WHOLESALE TRADE --------------------------- 421 174 247 76 71 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 8 0 .5C STENOGRAPHERS, SENIOR ------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------8 6 . 5C NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------7 9 .CO PUBLIC UTILITIES 3 ------------------------8 2 .5 0 WHOLESALE TRACE --------------------------6 7 .0 0 FINANCE2 -----------------------------------------8 6 .5 0 8 7 .0 0 SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS--------------------------NCNMANUFACTURING ----------------------------8 6 .5 0 PUBLIC UTILITIES 3 ------------------------9 5 .0 0 RETAIL TRACE --------------------------------9 1 .5 0 COMPTOMETER OPERATORS MANUFACTURING -------NONMANUFACTURING — WHOLESALE TRADE ■ RETAIL TRACE ------ 493 63 430 225 192 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 4C.C 3 9 .0 7 6 .5 0 7 8 .5 0 7 3 .0 0 52 3 9 .0 6 4 .0 0 561 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 8 .0 8 9 .5 0 8 7 .5 0 8 6 .5 0 7 4 .5 0 107 7 8 .0 0 8 8 .0 0 SWITCHBGARC OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTS— MANUFACTURING----------------------- — ------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES 3 ------------------------WHOLESALE TRACE --------------------------FINANCE2 -----------------------------------------TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS A -------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING — ------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES 3 ------------------------- Occupation and industry d ivision 202 68 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 3 8 .0 4C.C 4 0 .0 3 9 .C 98 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9.0 3 8 .0 4C.C 3 8 .5 253 216 46 72 4C .5 4C.5 3 9 .5 4C.5 377 108 269 41 3 9.5 4C .0 3 9 .5 4C.0 40. C 3 8 .5 102 121 68 187 155 44 3 9 .C 3 9 .0 3 9.0 $ 7 0 .0 0 8 4 .0 0 6 8 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 4 .5 0 6 5 .5 0 6 5 .5 0 6 0 .5 0 6 0 .5 0 TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS B --------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- *---------PUBLIC UTILITIES 3 ------------- ---------WHOLESALE TRACE---------------- ---------FINANCE2------------------------------------------- Weekly Weekly hours 1 earnings 1 (standard) (standard) 296 249 88 58 82 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 3 8 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 $ 8 3 .5 0 7 9 .5 0 7 6 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 7 6 .5 0 TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS C ----------------------- --------------- ---------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------- 123 106 3 9 .C 3 9 .0 7 6 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPFRATCRS* GENERAL ----------------------- --------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------WHOLESALE TRACE --------------------------FINA NCE2——— ————— — — — —— — 528 489 137 277 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 4C .0 3 8 .5 6 8 .5 0 679 77 602 65 83 374 3 9 .0 4 C .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 7 1 .5 0 8 1 .5 0 7 0 .5 0 7 5 .0 0 6 6 .5 0 1 ,4 9 9 204 1 ,2 9 5 206 1C9 90 863 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 6 .0 6 4 .5 0 8 7 .0 0 6 3 .0 0 5 9 .5 0 5 9 .5 0 316 124 192 3 9 .5 4C.C 3 9 .5 1 2 5 .CC 1 3 0 .0 0 1 2 1 .5 0 285 128 157 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 9 3 . CC 1 0 0 .5 0 8 7 .5 0 81 56 4C.C 4 0 .0 1 0 7 .5 0 1 1 2 .5 0 6 8 .0 0 6 1 .0 0 5 8 .0 0 9 6 .0 0 100.50 9 4 .5 0 TYPISTS, CLASS A ----------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NCNMANUFACTURING ----------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES 3 -------------- ► --------WHOLESALE TRADE --------------------------FINANCE2 --------------- --------------------------7 8 .5C 7 8 .5 0 7 8 .5 0 TYPISTS, CLASS P ----------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------8 6 .5 0 NCNMANUFACTURING ----------------------------8 G.0 0 PUBLIC UTILITIES 3 ------------------------6 9 .5 0 WHOLESALE TRACE --------------- -»•---------7 0 .5 0 RETAIL TRACE --------------------------------FINANCE2 ------------------------------------------9 4 .5 0 9 9.0 0 8 8 .5 0 8 5 .5 0 1 1 2 .0 0 9 6 .5 0 9 2.5 0 8 5.5 0 1 0 1 .0 0 8 2.0 0 6 8 .0 0 7 3 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 8 6 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 6 6 .0 0 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS 7 5.5 0 7 2 .0 0 9 4 .5 0 6 5 .5 0 DRAFTSMEN, SENIOR--------------- ----------------MANUFACTURING----------------------- ----------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------7 3 .0 0 7 0 .5 0 7 4 .0 0 DRAFTSMEN, JUNIOR --------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------9 0.0 0 NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------7 7 .5 0 6 3 .0 0 NURSES, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) ----MANUFACTURING--------------- -------------------109.00 106 .00 107 .50 * Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receiv e their regular straight-tim e sala ries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours Finance, insurance, and real estate. 3 Transportation, com m unication, and other public utilities. Number of workers OFFICE OCCUPATIONS— CONTINUED OFFICE BOYS AND GIRLS--------------------------NONMANUFACTURING — ------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES 3------------------------WHOLESALE TRACE---------------- ---------FINANCE2 --------------- --------------------------- CLERKS. ACCCUNTING. CLASS B ------------MANUFACTURING--------------------------------NCNMANLFACTUPING ----------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES 3 -------------- ---------WHOLESALE TRADE --------------------------RETAIL TRADE -------------------------------FINANCE2 ------------------------------------------ 473 Weekly Weekly hours 1 earnings 1 (standard) (standard) 7 7 .5 0 7 7 .0 0 7 7 .5 0 7 7 .5 0 8 8 .5 0 7 3 .0 0 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 4 1 .0 3 8 .5 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS* CLASS A ------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------WHOLESALE TRACE FINANCE2 ------------- ------------------ of 616 76 540 106 75 105 B06 225 581 195 162 89 127 DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATORS CMIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) ------------ Number KEYPUNCH OPERATORS* CLASS B ------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES 3------------------------WHOLESALE TRACE --------------------------RETAIL TRACE------------------------------FINANCE2 ------------------------------------------ CLERKS. ACCCUNTING* CLASS A ------------MANUFACTURING------------------------ ---------NONMANUFACTURING------------------ ---------PUBLIC UTILITIES *3------------ ^ -------WHOLESALE TRADE-------------- * ---------RETAIL TRACE --------------------------------FINANCE2 ----------------------------------------- Average Average Average Occupation and industry division 11 Table A -4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A verage straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r m en in se le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry d ivision , Atlanta, Ga. , M ay 1964) Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of— * $ $ $ $ $ $ t $ $ $ $ $ $ * * $ $ * $ $ $ $ $ $ T T J 1*40 1.5C 1.60 1 .7 0 1.80 1 .9 0 2 . CO 2.10 2.20 2.3C 2. 40 ;>.50 2 .60 2.70 2. 80 2.90 3 .00 3.10 3•20 3.3C 3 .4 0 3 .50 3.60 3.70 3.80 hourly Under and earnings 1 $ and 1.40 under 1.50 1.6C 1 .7 0 1.80 1 .90 CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE ---------— ------MANUFACTURING-------------------------------NCNMANUFACTURING----------------- ---------- 167 59 108 $ 2 .6 8 2.61 2.72 ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE---------------MANUFACTURING------- ------------- ---------- 304 255 3 .20 3.21 ENGINEERS, STATIONARY------------ ----------MANUFACTURING ------- *-----------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------- 113 57 56 2 .88 3.14 2 .60 FIREMEN, STATIONARY BOILER---- > --------- 53 2 .0 4 LiCI DC 0 C fitiL r C K o t N IT L T C A A IC C P A 1 n 1 c I V A I V lr - - - ~ _ - ~ _ - _ — — - - - MANUFACTURING-------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------------------ 137 117 2.33 1.98 MACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE -------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------- 343 319 2.99 2.97 MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE)-----------------------------------MANUFACTURING----------------------•*--------NONMANUFACTURING--------------------------«PUBLIC UTILITIES2------------------------ 775 109 666 560 2 .9 1 2.57 2.97 3.03 MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE ---------- ---------MANUFACTURING -------* -----------------------NONMANUFACTURING---------------- ----------- 549 384 165 2.63 2.57 2 .77 OILERS _______________________________ —_______ MANUFACTURING --------------------------------- 81 81 2 .1 9 2 .1 9 PAINTERS, MAINTENANCE -----------------------NONMANUFACTURING---------------- ---------- 123 75 2.52 2.18 PIPEFITTERS, MAINTENANCE -----------------MANUFACTURING---------------------- -*>--------- 93 93 3.26 3 .26 TCOL AND DIE MAKERS---------------- ---------MANUFACTURING------------------------------- - 182 182 3.38 3 .38 5 7 1 1C 10 1 “ 8 8 ~ ~ 1 15 1 11 ~ 11 11 30 18 12 - - 3 3 6 2 4 - — 3 3 1 - — 5 5 - - _ _ 35 4 31 _ _ - - — — — — — _ 4 3 - — 5 5 - - _ _ 9 9 - ~ 2 6 6 3D - 1 1 8 8 4 1 17 11 7 3 10 10 17 14 9 8 34 33 14 2 12 1 8 1 7 3 1 — — — 1 4 2 2 2 — 2 3 1 17 8 9 8 7 1 1 2 4 - - 18 18 QA OV 2 1 — ~ 1 - 70 10 1 1 2 8 1 7 6 2 4 2 1 30 4 105 102 20 20 18 18 27 26 1 1 1 3 3 - - 2 - - 9 9 - — 9 9 _ - 7 7 w 2 - - - 7 5 2 - 2 3 - - ~ — - - ~ “ ~ - “ - - - - 5 5 35 31 29 29 35 35 26 25 5 3 6 4 77 77 2C 13 50 44 13 11 3 3 2 2 ~ 2 7 3 4 ~ 12 7 5 3 55 18 37 35 54 100 103 4 99 97 35 13 22 21 127 126 — - - 73 73 48 14 34 34 17 100 36 34 — 34 24 132 54 53 28 4 24 20 73 2 1 32 6 26 20 44 43 1 55 43 12 55 32 23 31 19 12 8 4 4 12 3 9 44 23 21 17 17 “ 67 65 2 39 1 38 1 1 3 31 31 _ 6 16 3 “ _ 16 ~ 1 1 1 31 31 19 19 11 11 “ 2 2 2 2 - - 29 21 8 8 8 - 7 7 - 71 56 15 28 28 - 21 8 13 37 22 15 _ • _ _ - - - - 3 3 - 4 3 1 8 - 2 2 _ c 5 5 - 15 15 - 8 13 11 2 6 6 _ 5 5 38 35 - _ - 4 - - _ _ _ _ - - ~ ~ - Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts, Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 1 8 7 1 — “ 1 1 - “ 3 — - 17 17 - _ 2 - - 2 2 _ - _ 2 — — 2 2 — _ _ 1 - — 5 24 _ - 3 — 11 2 9 17 - - 2 — 6 5 1 l — - _ 21 10 11 32 - _ — 10 1 - _ 10 — - _ 3 3 over 17 1 r — 5 5 ~ 22 22 2.10 2.20 2 .3 0 2.40 2. so ;2.6C 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2. 90 3 .0 0 3.10 3.20 3 •30 3.40 3 .5 0 3 .60 3 .7 0 3.80 9 6 3 - TO m c r IK n U fch V • o o Occupation and industry division Number of wotkers - 16 16 1 3 3 2 2 _ - 3 _ - ~ 1 1 1 1 2 2 6 6 — ~ 6 3 3 _ - - - - _ _ _ - - ~ 9 9 1 1 3 3 8 8 16 16 - c _ _ - _ — 17 17 _ - - — - “ _ _ — - - — — - - - 1 1 6 2 - _ 4 ~ - 23 23 20 20 3 3 78 78 - _ 37 37 2 - ~ _ _ - - 12 Table A-5. Custodial and Material M ovem ent Occupations (A verage straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r s elected occupations studied on an area basis by industry divisio n , Atlanta, G a ., May 1964) Number of workers Occupation 1 and industry division Average hourly earnings 2 $ $ .80 Under Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of— < $ $ $ $ $ $ 6 $ $ i $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1 •90 1 .0 0 1 .1 0 1 .2 0 1 .3 0 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.9C 2 .0 0 2.1C 2 .2 0 2 .30 2.4C 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 . 7G 2 . 8 C 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 .1 0 3 .2 0 » $ $ and under •80 .90 1 .0 0 1 .1 0 1 .2 0 1 .30 1 .4 0 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.CC 2 •10 2 .2 0 2.30 2 .40 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 . 80 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 .1 0 3 .2 0 over % ELEVATOR CPERATCRS, PASSENGER -------- 108 $ 1.05 1 ELEVATOR CPERATCRS, PASSENGER CW CW C J ™™iiNONMANUFACTURING — ------------ — ----- 97 •75 .7 5 63 GUARDS AND WATCHMEN — --------------------- ------------MANUFACTURING ---------- -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------GUARDS: MANUFACTURING-------------------------------- * -------------- 311 555 1.70 2 .3 0 1.37 189 2 .75 866 WATCHMEN: MANUFACTURING------------ ------------------------------------ 122 1.61 JANITORS, PORTERS, AND CLEANERS -------MANUFACTURING---------------------------------* -------------NONMANUFACTURING — ----------------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES4 — ------------ ----------------WHOLESALE TRADE -------------------------------------- 2,891 1,052 1,839 205 127 1.48 1.84 1.26 1.78 1.72 FINANCE5------------------------------------------- * ------------- 368 1 .1 0 O C TA T 1 K t 1A l L T O ATE 1K A l t ^ _ 4 _ _ 11 9 1 ~ 17 _ 400 42 — - 20 12 380 30 35 65 - 10 5 _ 15 - - - 5 ~ 15 17 35 32 3 - 122 - - - - 151 90 97 151 — — — — 122 151 — — 90 19 14 1 A % - 3 r • 31 - 1 l l1vA Of 11 1A 1* 1U — 24 2 1 6 9 13 _ _ — — — — — — ~ 519 1.76 — PACKERS, SHIPPING ------------------------------* ------------- 1A IV 37 31 86 24 13 10 3 31 21 3 4 1 1 5 _ _ _ 5 16 — — - — — 369 165 204 - — - - 413 238 175 5 133 37 407 228 179 70 76 33 402 326 76 - 614 323 291 3 203 85 158 46 — — — 41 35 14 16 82 104 23 81 70 171 29 142 95 47 77 32 45 30 15 78 27 51 60 38 11 5 16 — - — 5 16 _ - _ 66 — — — — — 64 — — 2 94 58 36 — 21 - - - - 2 15 11 - - 3 - 14 13 24 107 - — 13 9 89 51 38 36 96 87 PACKERS, SHIPPING IWOMEN) ---------- ------------MANUFACTURING ---------- * ------------------------------------ 235 79 1.64 _ _ - 1 .6 8 - - - 1 .97 - 1 148 55 11 2 24 2 22 5 ~ 53 10 11 9 42 41 1 10 5 6 1 - - - 1c — S - 12 6 6 7 7 77 77 69 69 2 2 11 11 4 6 6 7 77 69 2 11 20 ~ 26 3 23 11 11 6 6 1 1 - See footn otes at end o f table. - - - “ _ — _ - - — — — - - — — — — — - “ ~ “ - 72 72 53 93 14 12 1 1 - 41 40 92 92 13 13 1 — — 1 1 27 27 — — — 132 126 67 65 143 137 16 16 6 2 6 - 1 8 — - 4 6 2 2 334 106 228 228 131 — - _ 16 7 9 11 - — — 9 167 78 89 44 1 23 - 43 23 - 20 46 43 3C 13 - 105 26 79 38 41 38 18 41 4 64 22 20 15 36 34 4 16 ~ — 112 86 8 — 1 1 2 1 1 7 - 1 1 134 46 3 26 23 3 — — — 6 3 3 36 134 — 3 - 93 57 36 - 2 129 127 2 3 82 112 27 28 16 113 13C 3 50 112 27 27 28 16 50 50 - 28 10 6 130 90 4C 3 — 113 7 106 95 17 3 2 2 1 - 43 42 3 3 — 1 1 — 17 - 1 1 21 5 3 — 1 - - - _ _ 2 4 12 30 I 5 2 24 13 7 - 104 36 28 - 1 “ - - _ - — 72 67 5 c 39 32 7 7 — - — — — — _ — — - 3 - ~ - - - - 18 - - - - — 8 10 10 - — - — - _ — - - 3 3 - — - 51 51 10 10 - • - _ 4 18 25 20 15 16 70 29 12 16 18 17 10 17 17 — - - — — 4 16 15 3 10 12 10 17 4 — - - 4 16 15 3 6 8 3 7 1 9 5 6 10 11 6 - 6 1 11 2 5 4 18 17 - 23 14 9 7 - 55 46 9 K 7 ■■ NONMANUFACTURING----------------- ---------WHOLESALE TRADE -------------- ----------RETAIL TRADE-----«*•------------ — ------- 2 .1 1 121 10 - 56 4 52 24 56 24 32 t 11 1 4 1.70 1.72 2.04 “ 4 CCS 2.13 - 5 290 253 388 - “ “ A IS ti r AU 1 UK 1 N b 239 117 3 - 160 NONMANUFACTURING — ----------------------------------WHOLESALE TRACE -------------------------------------- r A n U r A t VUW 1 WV2 - 44 43 — t1 • 0 OA 4 RECEIVING CLERKS---------- * ----------------------------------- ~ 48 29 23 1.95 1.94 1.96 1.94 1.99 1 86 — 42 1,321 367 954 572 382 8 2 668 — 5 ORDER FILLERS -----------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING---------- ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING — -------------------- -------------WHOLESALE TRACE ---------------------- --------------RETAIL TRACE --------* ----------------------------------- 5 17 80 1.77 1.65 1.87 2 .4 7 1.51 1.61 3 113 76 37 15 15 i «7 I lf 3,571 1,679 1,892 659 744 489 9 4 8 LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING ------------------MANUFACTURING ---------- -- -------------------* ------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------ * ------------PUBLIC UTILITIES4 -------------------* -------------WHOLESALE TRACE ------------------------------------RETAIL TRACE ---------------------------------------------- T» 1 f 1 1 — 136 1 lie 1 1 .6 8 1 .2 2 ” 8 - 15 2 73 * 5 — 258 172 151 - 8 5 32 — 2 2 9 181 114 67 97 1 1 - 12 C5 - 2 17 5 230 71 159 88 1 22 20 70 - 445 U 1 1L I 1 I t o 10 125 --------* ----------------------------------- rU oL lv RETAIL TRACE 14 4 52 7 1.43 1.14 86 51 19 32 20 22 1 • I1 V 0 1 • - 819 151 JANITORS, PORTERS, AND GLEANERS MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------- _ 4 i a I WUWr IN| • _ g 5 _ _ “ - 17 15 24 15 9 — 26 17 9 9 9 - 2 — 2 — — — — ~ _ _ - ~ 16 15 1 1 1 — — 1 1 — Table A-5. Custodial and Material M ovem ent O ccupations— Continued 13 (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Atlanta, G a., May 1964) Average hourly earnings23 J " 4 5 " 6 % .eo $ Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of— $ $ $ * $ % $ $ S $ $ $ $ $ $ $ .9 0 1 .0 0 1 .1 0 1 .2 0 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.7C 1 .8 0 1.9C 2 .0 0 2 ..10 2 .2 0 2 .30 2.4C 2 .5 0 2.60 2.7C 2.8C 2 ..90 $ $ $ n Occupation 1 and industry division Number of woifcers t 1 ------ * 3.10 3 .2 0 and and .'80 Und' r .90 1 .0 0 1 .1 0 1 .2 0 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.0C 2 .1 0 2..20 2 .3 0 2 .40 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2.70 2.80 2 .9 0 3,.0 0 3.10 3 .2 0 O’ver $ 2.36 2.37 2.36 2.36 SHIPPING CLERKS------------------------- *--------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------- ---------WHOLESALE TRADE -------------- ---------- 164 SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS --------MANUFACTURING----------------------- ---------NONMANUFACTURING — -----------------------WHOLESALE TRADE -------------------------- 197 TRUCKDRIVFRS7 --------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NCNMANUFACTUPING --------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES 4 -----------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ------------------------PFTAIL TRACE ------------------------------- 3.89C 606 3,284 2,137 623 384 2 .4 6 1.83 2.57 2.91 - 2 .0 0 - TRUCKDRIVERS, LIGHT (UNDER 1 -1 /2 TCNS) ------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------NCNMANUFACTUPING---------------- ---------WHOLESALE TRACE-------------- ----------RETAIL TRACE ----- ------------------------- 692 169 523 268 163 1.59 1.55 1.60 1.74 1.41 - TRUCKCRIVERS* MEDIUM (1 -1 /2 TO ANC INCLUDING 4 TCNS) -----------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES4-----------------------WHOLESALE TRACE ------------------------RETAIL TRACE --------------------*--------- 1,979 300 1,679 1,194 276 124 2.54 1.85 •— - 2.87 2.05 2.29 — TRUCKDRIVERS, HEAVY (OVER 4 TONS* TRAILER TYPE) --------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES4 ------------------------ 1,168 1,082 906 2.83 2.91 2.98 TRUCKERS*PCWER (FORKLIFT) ---------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES4-----------------------WHOLESALE TRACE -------------------------RETAIL TRACE ------------------------------- 778 564 214 31 114 65 2.24 TRUCKERS, PCWER (CTFER THAN FORKLIFT) --------------------------------- ---------- 82 68 96 94 110 87 54 - - — — - — — — — — 8 18 3 5 5 8 10 10 _ 20 11 9 9 2.57 2 .5 9 2.55 2 .5 5 — 2 .2 2 2.28 2 .8 6 2 .1 2 2.28 “ — — - 28 — 28 — 16 23 31 — 31 — 16 28 28 — 23 — — - - 1.93 2 .6 6 31 31 - — — — — 20 20 161 30 131 130 37 93 128 54 34 125 93 32 42 158 129 57 72 100 1 200 78 35 60 30 18 13 19 13 35 23 67 4 79 5 74 24 35 65 11 77 55 9 13 73 41 32 19 13 45 24 54 24 30 80 17 63 63 - — - 82 25 57 65 26 39 51 39 12 32 32 - 49 40 9 - 54 36 9 - 99 18 81 50 22 9 4 4 - 56 56 50 ~ 79 61 18 — 18 50 31 19 17 32 28 4 4 - 20 20 — “ — ~ — - _ _ _ - — - - - — — - - - — - — — — 6 6 — - '— 22 39 39 — — 20 2.52 21 13 8 2 1 59 29 30 9 9 2 24 2 2 13 13 2 - 24 16 2 8 2 * _ _ - 211 78 45 33 • 64 64 23 12 69 142 4 69 6C 20 7 13 9 4 39 22 17 9 _ 8 — 120 106 14 8 6 12 14 12 12 14 13 11 22 _ 12 3 — 3 3 13 4 9 12 12 15 14 8 - 1 1 10 5 5 5 36 4 32 19 9 - 32 9 23 _ 1 _ _ - 18 7 11 11 8 6 135 202 — 3 135 199 73 63 _ 122 13 14 302 4 298 281 5 11 1 10 1C 5 22 13 9 9 52 36 16 2C4 69 135 63 69 3 5 28 72 23 5 2 21 22 65 - 18 3 35 _ 35 22 6 66 3 3 9 5 11 1 _ 5 3 6 3 - 58 26 32 26 9 17 _ - 11 C 161 262 2 12 2 2 110 159 63 260 253 88 8 1 6 14C 42 98 41 54 3 22 22 22 30 30 35 35 28 31 4 27 3 4 16 69 44 ~ 14 — 4 2 41 — 28 — 28 _ _ 27 1 1 8 4 4 — _ - 15 3 10 _ 51 _ 1C 1 1 23 9 14 21 _ 36 15 21 21 3 18 _ 5 5 — — 4 4 — _ 12 _ _ 13 - - 6 6 2 8 14 3 4 6 6 6 38 13 25 — 11 1 10 12 21 24 3 3 3 34 4 30 _ _ 1 1 10 1 1 1 12 - 9 9 - 12 12 - 7 6 5 15 5 13 6 1 1 5 5 - 10 10 5 5 62 43 106 1404 _ _ _ 1 1 10 11 52 7 32 1 24 8 44 _ _ _ - 106 1404 82 1404 3 21 _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - _ - _ - 13 63 677 11 2 2 63 42 677 677 - - 21 - 50 50 5 30 30 22 6 43 43 40 727 727 727 38 37 187 186 2 2 6 6 21 2 1 1 _ _ _ 19 19 - - - 1 3 1 42 1 11 Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated. Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Workers were distributed as follows: 19 at $0. 40 to $0. 50; 30 at $0. 50 to $0. 60; and 14 at $0. 60 to $0. 70. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Finance, insurance, and real estate. All workers were at $0. 70 to $0. 80. Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated. _ _ _ _ - _ 6 6 — ‘ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - _ 2 2 6 21 8 _ _ 2 37 37 _ B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions 14 T able B-l. Minimum Entrance Salaries for W om en Office W orkers (D is trib u tio n o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts stu died in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u stry d iv is io n s b y m in im u m e n tran ce s a la r y fo r s e le c t e d c a t e g o r ie s o f in e x p e r ie n c e d w o m e n o f fic e w o r k e r s , A tlanta, G a., M ay 1964) Other inexperienced c le r ic a l w orkers Inexperienced typists Manufacturing Minimum weekly straight-tim e s a la ry 1 A ll industries Manufac tur i ng Nonmanufacturing Based on standard weekly hours 3 of— All schedules 40 A ll schedules 383/4 40 Nonmanufacturing Based on standard weekly hours 3 of— All industries 37Vz 2 A ll schedules 40 A ll schedules 37V2 383/. 40 Establishm ents studied--------------------------------------------------------- 220 68 XXX 152 XXX XXX XXX 220 68 XXX 152 XXX XXX XXX Establishm ents having a specified minimum— ------------------- 85 20 18 65 10 7 42 100 24 22 76 11 8 50 under $45.00--------------------------------------------------under $47.50 -------_ _ under $50.00_________________________________ under $52.50--------------------------------------------------under $55.00 — — _______ — under $57.50--------------------------------------------------under $60.00--------------------------------------------------under $62.50- - - - under $65.00--------------------------------------------------__ ------ — under $67.50 — under $70.00--------------------------------------------------under $72.50 — - — under $75.00--------------------------------------------------under $77.50--------------------------------------------------under $80.00 - - — under $82.50— ------—______ —---- ——---- ---- — — under $85.00--------------------------------------------------under $87.50- - - - - — over---------------------------------------------------------------- _ 1 3 31 7 11 6 6 _ 6 1 _ 4 1 _ 2 3 - 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 7 3 1 1 - 2 2 1 2 1 _ 1 6 1 _ _ _ _ - 1 1 _ 20 5 5 4 1 _ 4 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 39 7 9 10 5 1 7 4 3 _ 1 1 3 1 1 1 _ 1 17 5 4 3 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 _ 6 1 2 _ 4 1 1 1 - - 2 _ 1 3 25 6 9 5 4 5 3 1 1 1 Establishm ents having no specified m inim um -------------------- 40 19 Establishm ents which did not em ploy w orkers in this category------------------------------------------------------------------- 95 29 $42.50 $45.00 $47.50 $50.00 $52.50 $55.00 $57.50 $60.00 $62.50 $65.00 $67.50 $70.00 $72.50 $75.00 $77.50 $80.00 $82.50 $85.00 $87.50 and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 31 6 7 2 2 8 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 5 3 1 _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 8 1 XXX 21 XXX XXX XXX 53 25 XXX 28 XXX XXX XXX XXX 66 XXX XXX XXX 67 19 XXX 48 XXX XXX XXX - 2 1 2 2 2 1 These salaries relate to form a lly established minimum starting (hiring) regular straight-tim e salaries that are paid for standard workweeks. Excludes w orkers in sub clerica l job s such as m essenger or office girl. Data are presented fo r all standard workweeks com bined, and for the m ost com m on standard workweeks reported. 2 - 2 2 1 _ 1 _ _ 1 2 2 1 _ 1 _ _ 1 15 T a b le B-2. Shift D ifferentials (Shift differentials of manufacturing plant w orkers by type and amount of differential, Atlanta, Ga., May 1964) P ercent o f manufacturing plant w orkers— In establishments having form al provisions 1 for— Shift differential Actually working on— Second shift work Third o r other shift work Second shift T otal------------------------------------------------------------------ 78.5 69.1 14.5 5.0 With shift pay differen tial-------------------------------- 68.4 64.3 11.7 3.9 Uniform cents (per h ou r)----------------------------- 52.1 30.7 11.1 2.6 Under 5 cen ts-----------------------------------------5 cents 6 cen ts----------------------------------------------------7 V2 cents — 8 cents ....................„ ___ _______ . ---10 cents—__. . . . . . ---- . ,r— -----11 cents---------------------------------------------------12 cents _ I 2 V2 f''ar><'g-----------------------------------------------13 cents 13 V3 c e n t s ___ ,_____________________________________ 14 cents-------- ---- -------------------------------------__ _______._______ ___ 15 16 cf»ntg---------r— -------------------------------------20 cents. — — .. . ... 24 cents---------------------------------------------------- 2.5 10.7 3.2 1.4 4.0 9.2 .8 17.8 1.4 1.2 - 5.2 1.5 7.7 5.8 1.4 1.4 1.7 2.0 1.4 2.6 .5 1.1 .8 .4 1.1 2.2 .2 4.4 _ .5 _ _ - 14.3 14.3 .5 .1 14.3 - 1.7 12.6 .5 - (2) - .1 U niform percentage — 5 percent — — .. 10 percent-----------------------------------------------Full day's pay for reduced hours----------------Full day's pay for reduced hours plus cents differential - — - — Other shift pay differential — With no shift pay d ifferen tial.—. —---- ----------- —_ _ - 1.4 Third o r other shift _ .6 _ _ _ .3 _ 1.1 .3 _ _ .2 (2) .1 .1 - 16.0 - 1.0 1.9 1.9 .1 .1 10.2 4.8 2.8 1.1 1 Includes establishments cu rrently operating late shifts, and establishm ents with form a l provisions covering late shifts even though they w ere not currently operating late shifts. 2 Less than 0.05 percent. T a b le B-3. Scheduled W e e k ly H ou rs ( P e r c e n t d is trib u tio n o f o f fi c e and plant w o r k e r s in aU in d u s tr ie s and in in d u stry d iv is io n s b y sch ed u led w e e k ly h o u rs o f f ir s t - s h if t w o r k e r s , A tlanta, G a . , M ay 1964) OFFICE WORKERS Weekly hours A ll w ork ers----------------------. . . ----------- —-------- ------Under 37 V2 h o u rs37 V2 h o u rsOver 37 V2 and under 40 hours 40 hours — ------------— . . . --------------------------- -— -----Over 40 and under 44 hours 44 hours — -------------- ----- ---- ------- ----- -— —------—— Over 44 and under 48 hours—---------------- -----------48 h o u rs ------------------- — —— ------— — ----------------- 1 AU j industries 100 3 16 12 67 1 1 (?) (5) Manufacturing 100 ( 5) 6 ( 5) 92 1 (?) ( 5) Public 2 utilities 100 5 31 - 64 - - Wholesale trade 100 4 13 81 2 - - PLANT WORKERS Retail trade 100 10 85 3 2 (?) ( 5) Includes data fo r se rv ice s in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 2 Transportation, com m unication, and other public utilities. 3 Finance, insurance, and rea l estate. 4 Includes data fo r rea l estate and se rv ice s in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 5 L ess than 0. 5 percent. finance3 100 5 22 32 41 - - All 4 industries* 100 1 4 ( 5) 76 5 4 4 5 2 Manufacturing 100 5 Public 2 Utilities 100 Wholesale trade 100 - - - - 88 3 ( 5) 1 3 ( S) 95 3 5 81 4 2 4 - - 2 4 RetaUtrade 100 3 - 50 11 10 10 15 T a b le B-4. Paid H olid ays (P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n of o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u stry d iv is io n s b y n um ber o f pa id h olid a y s p r o v id e d annually, A tlanta, G a., M ay 1964) OFFICE WORKERS Item W orkers in establishm ents providing paid holidays — - - - W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid h o lid a y s . . . ... All . industries1 - - Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance 3 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 - “ 1 10 - 1 60 1 7 - 33 9 13 4 99 99 — <5) (5) L ess than 5 holidays 5 h o lid a y s --------------------------- r------------------------------5 holidays plus 1 half day — - 6 holidays - - - - — _ — _ — 6 holidays plus 1 half day----------------------------------6 holidays plus 2 half days _ _ 6 holidays plus 3 half days ——_ - — 7 h o lid a y s ----------------------------------------------------------7 holidays plus 1 half day--------------------------------- 7 holidays plus 2 half d a y s _____________________ 8 h olid a y s . - -----. — 8 holidays plus 1 half day- __ -__ — — . 8 holidays plus 2 half days — - _ ------------9 holidays — - — ---------9 holidays plus 1 half day — — ---10 holidays plus 1 half d a y ___ —___________— — (5) 26 4 16 2 2 1 23 (5) 1 17 3 1 1 1 2 (5) 15 1 15 1 8 16 42 2 3 4 7 26 28 53 54 70 73 99 99 99 99 99 _ 2 2 44 44 68 69 83 85 99 99 99 99 99 _ PLANT WORKERS Public , utilities2 All industries4 Manufacturing Public , utilities2 Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 92 93 100 100 90 - 8 7 - 10 7 29 (5) 16 (5) 6 (5) 21 1 10 2 22 1 17 13 15 2 20 3 - Number of days - - - " 19 1 15 4 9 17 34 1 ■ _ 2 2 71 72 90 90 . 1 1 35 44 65 65 80 81 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 2 ■ 19 1 - 69 2 - - 27 4 " 7 5 10 7 2 3 6 _ 4 4 4 31 • 31 38 39 98 98 99 99 99 6 10 12 19 34 34 41 44 58 67 - 2 - 10 27 - - 42 2 14 _ 4 5 17 10 _ 7 - _ _ (5) (5) 63 63 90 90 _ 7 7 18 22 43 43 56 58 - 63 (5) 16 58 8 _ _ 8 _ _ _ - _ _ _ - Total holiday tim e 6 10i/2 days_______________________________________ 9 V2 days or m o r e ----------------------------------------------- 9 days or m o r e ----------------------------------------------— —— 8 days or m o r e -------------------- n----------- „---- . _—r---7V2 days or m o r e --------- ,________________________ 7 days or m o r e ........................ — . ---------------------6 V2 days or m ore _ — 6 days or m ore _ — _ — - _ — — 5 V2 days or m o r e ----------------------------------------------5 days or m ore - — — — 4 days or m o r e ______________________ __________ 3 days or m o r e _________________________________ 2 days or m ore — - ____ — . 1 day or m ore __ — ------ — 8 V2 days or m o r e __ - - - - - 100 100 100 100 100 _ _ 2 2 12 13 40 40 56 56 85 88 89 91 92 _ 3 3 22 24 52 52 68 69 91 92 93 93 93 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 _ _ _ _ _ 8 8 16 16 74 76 80 85 90 Includes data for serv ices in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Finance, insurance, and real estate. Includes data fo r rea l estate and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. L ess than 0.5 percent. A ll com binations of full and half days that add to the same amount are com bined; for exam ple, the p roportion of w orkers receiving a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days and no half days, 6 full days and 2 half days, 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. P roportions were then cumulated. 1 2 3 4 5 6 T a b le B-5. Paid V acation s ( P e r c e n t d is trib u tio n o f o f fi c e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in du stry d iv is io n s b y v a ca tio n pay p r o v is io n s , A tlanta, G a . , M ay 1964) OFFICE WORKERS Vacation p olicy A ll w ork ers_________________________ ___________ PLANT WORKERS Manufacturing Public utilities3 Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance4 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - - - 98 87 9 “ “ “ - 5 32 4 - _ 52 10 28 5 “ 13 40 - 65 14 4 _ 7 93 _ 57 43 _ 5 95 5 95 - AH , industries2 All c industries5 Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 100 100 99 1 96 4 - 96 79 17 “ - - - 99 94 ■ 5 - - 2 4 “ “ 1 8 10 22 1 14 13 8 12 “ 38 “ 25 - - _ 43 " 2 65 64 1 2 30 30 69 31 4 44 52 5 63 31 1 46 51 29 6 1 11 44 39 ~ 48 3 49 “ 33 6 67 “ 51 - 24 2 10 11 Manufacturing Public , utilities3 Method of payment W orkers in establishm ents providing paid vacations-------------------------------------------------Length -of-tim e paym ent-----------------------------Percentage payment------------------------------------F lat-sum paym ent---------------------------------------O ther. — — ----------------W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid vac ati ons--------------------------------------------- 99 ( 6) - 99 1 1 Amount of vacation p a y 7 A fter 6 months o f serv ice Under 1 week----------------------------------------------------1 week------- .--------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 w eek s --------------------------------2 w eek s -------------------------------------------------------------- 7 46 6 1 1 - 2 A fter 1 year of serv ice Under 1 week----------------------------------------------------1 week---------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 w eek s -------------------------------2 w eek s -------------------------------------------------------------- _ _ _ 63 37 27 _ 73 78 _ 9 3 87 _ _ _ - 10 1 22 1 17 11 1 89 - 61 99 - 84 4 - - - 1 1 99 - 2 1 22 A fter 2 years o f serv ice Under 1 week----------------------------------------------------1 week---------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 w eek s ---------- --------------------2 w eek s __________________________— —.--------------Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s -------— ---------------------- 1 " 1 2 6 A fter 3 years o f service Under 1 week------------------------------- -------- ------------1 week---------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s -------------------------------2 weeks - _— — --------------------Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s -------------------------------A fter 4 years o f service Under 1 week----------------------------------------------------1 week----------------------------—---------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s -------------------------------2 w e e k s ___ __________ — ---------------------,----------- — Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s -------------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------After 5 years o f service Under 1 week----------------------------------------------------1 week---------------- ----------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 w eek s-------------------------------2 w e e k s ----- --- ------------------------------- ——— ---------Over 2 and under 3 w eek s -------------------------------3 w eek s -------------------- ---- ------------------------------------ See footnotes at end o f table, _ 4 ( 6) 94 2 _ 4 ( 6) 94 2 - _ 1 ( 6) 95 2 2 _ 7 ( 6) 93 _ 7 ( 6) 93 - - _ 2 95 ( 6) 3 99 - 93 4 _ - - 1 1 - 2 1 - 99 - 93 4 " - - ( 6) 100 100 - - 99 - _ 1 86 ( 6) 12 5 92 4 5 92 4 96 4 1 - 19 22 1 11 18 57 ■ 99 65 1 1 - 18 21 1 11 18 55 3 99 - 7 82 3 4 - 65 1 1 ( 6) 10 3 76 2 6 - 100 - 1 75 - 70 24 1 2 10 11 75 “ 70 6 - 15 85 - 6 8 12 58 2 17 T a b le B-5. Paid V a ca tion s1— Continued (P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n o f o f fic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u s tr y d iv is io n s b y v a c a tio n pay p r o v is io n s , A tlanta, G a., M ay 1964) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS V acation p olicy All , industries1 2 Manufacturing Public , utilities3 Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance4 All , industries5 _ 60 40 _ 40 60 (6) 24 16 60 60 4 37 39 9 39 . . 29 71 _ 27 (6) 24 16 60 - _ 60 40 - Manufacturing Public , utilities3 Wholesale trade Retail trade . 55 45 15 45 5 37 6 8 34 43 5 37 Amount of vacation pay 7— Continued A fter 10 yea rs of service 1 w eek------------------------------------------------------------------ Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s --------------------------------2 weeks —______________ — _______________________ Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ______________________ 3 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 . 47 3 49 35 64 10 1 6 37 14 39 6 A fter 12 years of service 1 w eek Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s --------------------------------2 weeks — --- ------------------------- -------------------------- ---Over 2 and under 3 weeks 3 w e e k s ---- --------- -------- ---------------------------------------Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ---- — -------------------- ---- 1 1 . 40 3 57 (6) . 32 _ 66 (6) 6 67 - 10 1 34 9 44 (6) 35 14 40 _ 32 - 15 38 2 8 68 1 - 45 - 43 - 15 29 . 56 . - 5 34 _ 53 . - 6 6 A fter 15 yea rs of service 1 w eek______ ______ _________ ____________________ Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ------------------------------- -2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks 3 w eeks _ .... Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s --------------------------------4 weeks __ — 1 18 . 80 1 (6) 1 19 _ 79 (6) _ 2 97 1 _ 16 _ 84 - . - 10 1 20 22 . 80 _ - 74 4 - 23 (6) 62 - _ 16 41 43 - (6) 18 . 41 40 - . 16 - (6) (6) 6 23 . 6 64 - 93 . 1 2 1 . - 10 1 6 _ . 22 23 (6) 51 1 6 A fter 20 years of service 1 w eek-----------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s --------------------------------2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------— ---------------Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s --------------------------------3 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s -------------- -------- ---------------------------------------Over 4 w eeks— ---- ---- -------- --------------- --------- ------- 1 1 . 18 63 18 (6) . 19 . 76 3 (6) _ . 2 85 13 - . 23 72 15 _ 29 _ 35 6 22 20 (6) 1 - - 5 33 . 27 27 - . - 10 1 6 _ _ 18 _ 20 21 12 10 63 69 70 23 (6) 39 24 (6) 15 . 29 . 24 31 5 33 _ 15 39 _ 64 14 - 12 1 62 3 6 A fter 25 yea rs of service 1 week _ Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 WeekS ... ...... .in. i— Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s --------------------------------3 weeks ----------------------------------_..—r 4 weeks — — — — — ---- -. Over 4 w eeks---------------------------------------------- 1 1 17 . 32 51 (6) 19 . 72 7 (6) _ 2 48 49 . 23 1 54 11 1 6 . 43 51 6 ' 1 Includes b asic plans only. Excludes plans such as vacation-savings and those plans which offer "extended" or "sabbatical" benefits beyond b asic plans to w orkers with qualifying lengths of s erv ice. Typical of such exclusions are plans recently negotiated in the steel, aluminum, and can industries. 2 Includes data for serv ices in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 4 Finance, insurance, and real estate. 5 Includes data fo r rea l estate and s ervices in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 6 L ess than 0.5 percent. 7 Includes payments other than "length of tim e ," such as percentage of annual earnings or flat-su m payments, converted to an equivalent tim e b asis; fo r example, a payment of 2 percen t of annual earnings was considered as 1 w eek's pay. P eriod s of se rvice w ere a rb itra rily chosen and do not n e ce ss a rily re fle ct the individual provisions for p rog ression s. F or exam ple, the changes in proportions indicated at 10 y e a rs' se rvice include changes in p rovisions occurring between 5 and 10 years. Estim ates are cumulative. Thus, the proportion receiving 3 weeks' pay or m ore after 5 years includes those who re ce iv e 3 w eeks' pay or m ore after few er years of service. T a b le B-6. H ealth, Insurance, and Pension Plans (P ercen t of office and plant w orkers in all industries and in industry divisions em ployed in establishments providing health, insurance, o r pension benefits , 1 Atlanta, G a ., May 1964) O F F IC E W O R K E R S Type of benefit A ll w ork ers-------------------- ------------------- --------- ------ AD , Industries2 PLAN T W ORKERS F inance4 All industries5 Manufacturing P u blic , utilities 3 W holesale trade R etail trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 94 99 91 95 91 94 80 M anufacturing Public utilities 3 Wholesale trade Retail trade 100 100 100 100 98 95 98 100 W orkers in establishm ents providing: L ife in su ra n ce---------------------------------------------A ccidental death and dism em berm ent in s u ra n c e . Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both 6_ Sickness and accident insurance------------Sick leave (full pay and no waiting p eriod ). — Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period )--------------------------------------Hospitalization insurance------------- ---- ----------Surgical insurance M edical insurance Catastrophe in surance.. Retirem ent pension— . . . . No health, insurance, o r pension plan-------- 62 74 56 64 32 66 58 71 55 68 29 69 80 71 68 86 56 65 75 69 67 56 14 39 72 43 39 14 25 50 72 49 52 42 61 27 45 29 46 15 18 7 24 16 15 2 38 7 50 3 15 3 45 1 28 94 93 72 81 83 (7) 98 95 76 76 80 (7) 97 97 85 85 74 96 93 81 89 89 51 73 82 92 92 88 95 94 53 36 59 4 91 91 74 73 75 4 90 80 62 64 64 77 77 39 47 52 6 8 1 88 92 68 82 87 (7) 87 53 45 57 5 1 Includes those plans fo r which at least a part o f the co st is borne by the em ployer, except those legally required, such as w orkm en 's com pensation, s o cia l security, and ra ilroad retirem ent. 2 Includes data fo r s erv ices in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 3 Transportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities. 4 Finance, insurance, and real estate. 5 Includes data fo r real estate and serv ice s in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 6 Unduplicated total o f w orkers receiving sick leave o r sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. Sick leave plans a re lim ited to those which definitely establish at least the minimum number o f days' pay that can be expected by each em ployee. Informal sick leave allowances determ ined on an individual basis are excluded. 7 L ess than 0. 5 percent. T a b le B-7. Paid Sick Leave (P e r c e n t d istrib u tion o f o f fic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u s tr y d iv is io n s b y fo r m a l s ic k le a v e p r o v is io n s , A tlanta, G a. , M ay 1964) OFFICE WORKERS Sick leave provision A ll w ork ers_____________________________________ W orkers in establishm ents providing form a l paid sick lea ve-----__ ------W orkers in establishm ents providing no form a l paid sick lea ve-------------------------------- All . industries Manufacturing Public utilities2 Wholesale trade 100 . 0 100.0 100 . 0 1 0 0 .0 PLANT WORKERS Finance3 All 4 industries 1 0 0 .0 100 . 0 100 . 0 l o o .b Retail trade Manufacturing Public utilities2 Wholesale trade 100 . 0 100 . 0 100 . 0 Retail trade 57.9 63. 1 .64. 7 52. 2 7 9.4 49. 5 29.8 21. 0 51.3 25. 8 43. 6 42. 1 36.9 35. 3 47. 8 20. 6 50. 5 70. 2 79. 0 48.7 74. 2 5 6.4 18.9 18. 2 2.7 9.3 50. 2 49. 8 7 .0 40. 7 .5 1. 0 .4 1. 2 9 .5 9 .5 1.9 1. 5 2. 7 1.9 7. 5 7. 5 - 13.4 13.4 9 .5 9 .5 2. 2 6. 1 1. 2 8 .9 4 .9 4 .0 10. 3 8. 3 2. 1 _ 11.5 11. 5 1. 1 7 .9 18.4 18.4 1.9 16 . 0 _ 1. 6 1. 6 - 6 .7 6 .7 _ 1 .4 5 .3 8. 1 8. 1 - 12.7 12.7 2 .9 _ _ _ _ 2. 4 7 .4 _ - 2 .9 2 .9 .9 21. 1 31. 5 15. 8 1.4 4 .9 4 .9 4 .6 15. 7 13.0 2.7 - 1 9 .6 35.8 17.0 3.7 4 .6 3. 2 18. 9 13. 1 2. 3 3. 5 - 4. 0 2 .8 11.7 8. 8 3 .7 _ _ 3. 3 - .5 .4 9 .6 3 .8 Type and amount of paid sick leave provided annually Uniform plan : 5 No waiting p e r io d _____________________ _____ Full p a y 6 - — _ ------5 d a y s ________ _____ __________________ 6 days _ ------ - __ — — ------- 7 days __________-__________ ________ 10 days------- _ _ — — - — 12 days— — — ---20 day 8 — — _ ---- ~ 22 days--------------- ------------------ ---------- --130 d a y s .---- ------------------------------------- --Full pay plus partial pay 6-----------------------10 days— Waiting p e r io d ______________________________ ------- — ---- - — Full pay _ P artial pay o n ly -------- __ — _ --------Graduated p lan 5— A fter 1 year of service: No waiting p e r io d ----------. . . . . Full pay 6 _________ — _____________ _____ 2 d a y s ___________________,____________ 5 d a y s ___________ .__________________,__ ------- _ 6 days 10 days— ---- — - — 12 days---- _ ------ — _ 22 days____ ______ ____ .________________ Full pay plus partial pay 6-----------------------5 d a y s --------- ------ — ---------10 days — ------- — — — _ ---15 d ays. - __ ---„ . . . . . _ 20 d ays. - ~ — 22 days_-__ ___________________________ 26 days ---— ------ . . . Partial pay o n ly ______ ____ _______ ______ Waiting p«*-rind------------- rj-------------------------------Full pay— — . . . . . Full pay plus partial pay_____ ____ —-------Partial pay o n ly ---------------------------------------Graduated p lan 5— A fter 10 years of service: No waiting p e r io d ------------------- --------------— ---Full p a y 6_ 4 days — — _ 15 days. 18 days _ — 20 days___ 44 days _ — _ 45 days See footnotes at end o f table .8 2 .6 .6 1 .0 .7 .2 .7 .6 4.0 3.1 .9 24.0 12.8 .2 4.3 1.5 2.5 1 .8 .7 10.7 4. 1 2.4 .7 1.9 1.6 - 1 .2 10 . 6 10 . 6 1.7 8. 1 - 3 .4 3 .4 - - - - 4 .9 4 .9 - 4 1 .4 25.2 .3 15.9 - 31. 5 15.8 1.4 7. 6 4 .6 4 4.8 3. 3 1.4 - 35.8 17. 0 8 .3 3 .2 - 1. 1 - 30.4 1 0 .6 1 0 .6 1.0 2 .0 2 .0 - 1.0 1. 1 7 .8 - 41.8 15.4 15.4 - - 3 .4 24. 3 .5 23.7 6.3 3.0 .7 2.4 3. 3 3 .3 16. 3 3 .4 13. 0 6 .2 - 1. 1 2.9 .9 5 .0 4 .9 1.4 2. 5 2. 5 - .5 10.5 3. 2 12.8 .2 15.4 15.4 2 .3 2. 3 - 1 .2 .2 .2 1. 1 .2 .5 4. 3 2 .9 1.4 1 .2 .3 .3 .2 .2 _ - 2 .4 1. 8 .1 - - - - (7) (7) 1 0 .6 4. 1 6. 5 1 2 .8 2. 5 _ 1 .6 1 .0 - _ _ 10 . 2 - 1. 0 8 .0 2 .8 1.9 - _ _ 2 .3 _ 17.4 6 .9 2. 5 - - - _ 1. 5 1. 5 11.7 1 9 .6 8 .8 2. 5 _ . . _ 5.2 1. 0 7. 6 1. 2 .3 .1 _ - 16. 5 . - - - - _ _ - - 2.7 31. 5 15. 0 16. 5 .6 .8 _ 1 .2 1. 0 - - - 3.7 _ _ 1. 6 - - - 8 .0 T a b le B-7. Paid S ick L eave— C ontinued (P e r c e n t d is trib u tio n o f o f fic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u stry d iv is io n s b y fo r m a l s ic k le a v e p r o v is io n s , A tlanta, G a . , M ay 1964) OFFICE WORKERS Sick leave p rovision All industries1 PLANT WORKERS Manufacturing Public , utilities2 Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance3 All industries4 - 2 3.0 - 15.7 15.7 - 4 1.5 3 .4 2 5.2 13.0 - 18.9 8.1 4 .9 3 .5 - Manufacturing Public , utilities2 Wholesale trade Retail trade 6 .0 - - 13.8 2 .8 17. 1 - - - - - - - 1 .0 1.0 “ (7) 13.7 2 .7 20. 0 15. 0 4 .9 ~ _ 2 .8 . _ 1. 5 1. 5 “ _ 8. 0 6 .9 . . . 2 .3 10.5 . 2 .5 8 .0 .9 12.0 Type and amount of paid sick leave provided annually— Continued Graduated plan56 — A fter 10 yea rs of s e rv ice— Continued No waiting period— Continued Full pay plus partial p a y 5— 5 days — 20 days. 35 days. — 50 days— 60 days 65 days. 70 Haya------------------------------------------------78 days- 152 d a y s . Partial pay o n ly -------------— ----------- . . . ------Waiting p^rinH----------------------------------------------Full pay — Full pay plus partial pay Partial pay only —---- ---------- --------------------- 17.0 2 .6 1.6 .4 3. 1 2 .7 2 .7 3 .2 - - - - - - - .7 .5 4 .6 .1 2 .5 2 .0 - 3 .4 6 .0 .5 5 .4 ” 4 .9 4 .9 “ 16.2 .3 15.9 2. 3 “ 1.7 1.5 .2 2. 1 .5 .4 6 .3 2 .9 1.8 1.7 3 .8 17.2 3 .2 - 1. 1 1. 1 ” - 2 .3 20.7 P rovisions fo r accum ulation W orkers in establishm ents having provisions fo r accumulation 6 .7 4 .0 Includes data fo r se rv ice s in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Transportation, com m unication, and other public utilities. Finance, insurance, and rea l estate. Includes data fo r rea l estate and s erv ice s in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. "U niform plans" are defined as those form a l plans under which an em ployee, after 1 year o f s e rv ice , is entitled to the same number o f days* paid sick leave each year. "Graduated plans" are defined as those form a l plans under which an em p loyee's leave varies according to length o f s ervice. P eriod s o f s e rv ice w ere a rb itra rily chosen. Estimates re fle ct provisions applicable at the stated length o f se rv ice but do not re fle ct provisions fo r p rogression . Thus, the prop ortion receiv in g 15 days' sick leave after 10 years o f s erv ice m ay a lso receiv e this amount after greater o r le s s e r lengths o f se rv ice . 6 May include provisions other than those presented separately. Numbers o f days shown under "Full pay plus partial pay" a re days fo r which w orkers re c e iv e sick leave at full pay; w orkers are entitled to additional days o f sick leave at partial pay. 7 L ess than 0. 05 percent. 1 2 3 4 5 5 .2 Appendix: Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bu reau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are in structed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. B ille r , m achine (hilling machine)* Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. B ille r , m achine (b o o k k eep in g m ach in e). Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. C la s s A . Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, bal ance sheets, and other records by hand. C la ss B • Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. CLERK, ACCOUNTING C la ss A .Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish ment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 24 C L E R K , ACCOUNTING—C ontinued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper ac counting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May a ssist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; and may direct class B ac counting clerks. C la s s B. Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or ac counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers con trolled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and book keeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, FILE C la s s A , In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records of various types in con junction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks. C la s s B # Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by sim ple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested, locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files. C LE R K , ORDER Receives customers’ orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve an y com bination o f th e fo llo w in g : Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers’ earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, work ing days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and dis tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) C la s s C, Performs routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classification system (e .g ., alphabetical, chronological, or numer ical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Per forms simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. 25 SECRETARY— Continued KEYPUNCH OPERATOR C la s s A . Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu ments to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but, in addition, work requires application of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; and taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation involving a normal routine May train inexperienced operators. vocabulary from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written C la s s B . Under close supervision or following specific proce dures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or com bination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting of data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, e tc., are referred to supervisor. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL copy. May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other rela tively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. D o e s not in clu d e transcribing-m achine work. (See transcribing-machine operator.) STENOGRAPHER, SENIOR Primary duty is to take dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc. OR Performs various routine duties such as running errands, opera ting minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and dis tributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evi denced by the following: Work requires high degree of stenographic speed and accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge of general busi ness and office procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining followup files; assembling material for reports, memorandums, letters, etc.; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. D o e s not in clu de tran scribing-m ach in e w ork . 26 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR-Continued C la ss C. Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or re petitive operations. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator on a single posi tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker’ s time while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR C la s s A mOperates a variety of tabulating or electrical ac counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. D o e s not in clu d e working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. C la s s B« Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal rou tine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records., filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. C la ss A. Performs on e or more o f the fo llo w in g : Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; and planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. C la ss B . Performs one or m ore o f the fo llo w in g : Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance pol icies, etc.; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. 27 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN L ea d er. DRAFTSMAN -Continued Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in preparation of working plans and detail drawings from rough or Junior (a s s is ta n t). Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by draftsman or others for engineering, construction, or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing manufacturing purposes. purposes. Duties involve a com bination o f the fo llo w in g : required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or Inter- preting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; deter mining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and in specting their work; and performing more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. Uses various types of drafting tools as perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service under general medical direction to ill or injured employees or other persons who be come ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other estab lishment. Duties involve a com bination o f the fo llo w in g : Giving first aid S en ior. Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manu facturing purposes. Duties involve a com bination o f the fo llo w in g : Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams, and trusses; verifying completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specifications; and making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a spe cialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees’ in juries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; assisting in physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carry ing out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evalu ation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, wel fare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. MAINTENANCE AND POWERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE-Continued Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance car penter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 28 ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generation, dis tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay outs, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the elec trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting journeyman by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May a ls o supervise these operations. H ea d or c h i e f en g in eers in e s ta b lis h MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines, in the construction of machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling, and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to rec ognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. m en ts em p loyin g more than on e en g in eer are ex clu d ed . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, or gas or oil burner; and checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds, and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working 29 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE—Continued MILLWRIGHT properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment, and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in die plant layout are required. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experi ence in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es tablishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the auto motive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves m o st o f th e fo llo w in g : Examining machines and mechan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dis mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a re placement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In gen eral, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose prim ary d u tie s involve setting up or adjusting machines. OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of. mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work in v o lv e s the fo llo w in g : Knowledge o f surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work Involves m o st o f th e fo llo w in g : Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from draw ings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings 30 P IP E F IT T E R , MAINTENANCE—Continued SH EET-M ETAL WORKER, M A IN TE N A N C E -C ontinued and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relat ing to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. W orkers primarily e n g a g e d in in sta llin g and repairing building sa n ita tion or b ea tin g s y s t e m s are e x c lu d e d . types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker) PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jig s, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appro priate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER GUARD Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. I n c lu d e s g a te - men w ho are sta tio n e d at g a te and c h e c k on id e n tity o f e m p l o y e e s and oth er p e r so n s en terin g . 31 PACKER, SHIPPING JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwomen; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination o f the fo llo w in g : Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Work ers who specialize in window washing are excluded. Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may in v o lv e on e or more o f the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who a ls o make w ood en b o x e s or cra tes are e x clu d ed . LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve on e or more o f the fo llo w in g: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheel barrow. L o n g sh o r e m e n , who loa d and unload sh ip s are exclu d ed . sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. ping work i n v o lv e s : routes, Ship - A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, available means of transportation, and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. work i n v o l v e s : May R e c e iv in g Verifying or directing others in verifying the correct ness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchan ORDER FILLER dise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) records and files. F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, cus tomers9 orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: R e c e iv in g clerk requisition additional stock or report short supplies to supervisor, and Shipping clerk perform Other related duties. Shipping and r e c e iv in g clerk 32 TRUCKDRIVER TRUCKER, POWER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D riv er -sa le sm e n and o v e r -th e -r o a d drivers are e x c lu d e d . Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, p ow er (forklift) Trucker, p ow er (other than fork lift) Tru ckdriver (com bin ation o f s i z e s l i s t e d se p a r a te ly ) Truckdriver, lig h t (under 1% ton s) WATCHMAN Truckdriver, medium ( 1% to and including 4 to n s) Truckdriver, h e a v y (o v er 4 ton s, trailer ty p e ) Truckdriver, h e a v y (o v er 4 to n s, other than trailer ty p e ) Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. Available On Request— The fourth annual report on salaries for accountants, auditors, attorneys, chemists, engineers, engineering technicians, draftsmen, tracers, job analysts, directors of personnel, managers of office services, and clerical employees. Order as B LS Bulletin 1387, National Survey of Professional, Administrative, Tech nical, and Clerical Pay, February—March 1963« 40 cents a copy. Occupational Wage Surveys A list of the latest available bulletins is presented below. A directory indicating dates of earlier studies, and the p rices of the bulletins is available on request. Bulletins may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D>. C. , 20402, or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover. Bulletin number Area 1345-81 1385-52 1385-61 1385-53 1385-73 1385-24 1385-70 1385-63 1345-74 1385-16 20 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 20 25 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents 1385-33 1385-47 1385-64 1385-57 ... 1385-55 1385-5 1385-66 1385-58 1385-11 ... 1385-25 25 20 25 25 25 20 30 25 25 20 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents 1385-15 1385-12 1385-40 1385-34 1385-44 1385-43 1385-19 ... 1385-4 ... 1385-68 1345-82 25 20 25 25 25 25 20 20 25 25 1385-30 1385-41 1385-32 1385-26 1345-77 1385-3 1385-59 1385-50 1345-72 1385-1 1385-35 25 25 20 25 20 20 30 20 20 20 25 Albuquerque, N. Atlanta, Beaumont—P ort Arthur, Birm ingham , Ala ____ B oise, Idah o__________ Boston, Mass 1________ Buffalo, N. Canton, Ohio Charleston, W. Charlotte, N. C Chattanooga, T Chicago, 1111... Dallas, T e x _______ Davenport—Rock Is la Dayton, Ohio 1______ Denver, C o lo 1_____ Des M oines, Iow a1. Green Bay, W is. G reenville, S. C ] Jacksonville, Kansas City, ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Lubbock, T e x -----Manchester, N. H . M em phis, Tenn 1.. l P rice ... Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. Area Miami, F la 1___________________________________ Milwaukee, W is________________________________ Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn___________________ Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, M ich 1__________ Newark and Jersey City, N. J 1________________ New Haven, Conn1_____________________________ New O rleans, L a___________________________ New York, N. Y 1_______________________________ Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, Va 1________________________________ Oklahoma City, O kla_______ ____________________ Bulletin number P rice 1385-29 1385-56 1385-39 1385-71 1385-49 1385-37 1385-42 1385-72 25 25 25 25 30 25 25 40 1345-75 1385-2 25 cents 20 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents Omaha, Nebr. —Iowa 1__________________________ 1385-14 Paterson—Clifton—P a ssa ic, N. J 1______________ 1385-62 Philadelphia, P a .-N . J 1_______________________ 1385-31 Phoenix, A r iz 1_________________________________ 1385-54 Pittsburgh, P a _________________________________ 1385-38 Portland, M aine1______________________________ 1385-22 Portland, Oreg. —Wash1 _______________________ 1385-67 Providence—Pawtucket, R. I .—M a ss____________ 1385-65 Raleigh, N. C 1___________________ 1385-7 Richmond, Va 1_______________________________ 1385-23 25 25 30 25 25 25 25 20 25 25 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents qents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents Rockford, 1111________________________________ St. L ou is, Mo. —I ll___________________________ Salt Lake City, U tah_________________________ San Antonio, Tex 1____________________________ San Bernardino—Riverside—Ontario, C a lif1___ San Diego, C alif______________________________ San Francisco—Oakland, C a lif1_______________ Savannah, Ga1________________________________ Scranton, P a 1________________________________ Seattle, W ash1___________________ ____________ 1385-60 1385-21 1385-28 1345-78 1385-9 1385-13 1385-36 1385-69 1385-8 1385-10 25 25 20 25 25 20 25 25 25 25 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents Sioux F alls, S. D ak1____________________ ______ South Bend, Ind 1________________________________ Spokane, W ash1.____ ___________________________ Toledo, Ohio___________________________________ Trenton, N. J __________________________________ Washington, D .C .- M d .- V a ___________________ Waterbury, Conn1______________________________ W aterloo, Io w a ________________________________ Wichita, Kans_________________________________ W orcester, M ass______________________________ York, P a * _____________________________________ 1385-20 1385-51 1345-66 1385-46 1385-27 1385-17 1385-48 1385-18 1385-6 1345-80 1385-45 25 25 25 20 20 25 25 20 20 20 25 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents
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