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ALBANY-SCHENECTADY-TROY, NEW YORK MARCH 1962 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey ALBANY-SCHENECTADY-TROY, NEW YORK MARCH 1962 Bulletin No. 1303-56 June 1962 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clagua, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington 2 5, D.C. Price 25 cents Contents Preface Page The L abor M arket O ccupational Wage Survey P rog ra m The Bureau o f L abor Statistics annually conducts occu p ation al wage su rveys in 82 labor m arkets. The studies p rov id e data on occu pation al earnings and related supplem entary ben efits. A p relim in a ry rep ort furnishing trend data and average earnings is re le a se d within a month o f the com p letion o f each study. This bulletin p rovid es additional data not included in the p relim in a ry rep o rt. Introduction _______________________________________________________________ Wage trends fo r se le cte d occu pation al groups __________________________ T a b les: 1. 2. E stablishm ents and w o rk ers within scop e of su rvey ------------------P e rce n ts o f in cre a se in standard w eekly sa la ries and stra igh t-tim e h ourly earnings fo r selected occupational groups _____________________________________________ Two bu lletin s, bringing together the results o f a ll of the area su rv e y s, are iss u e d after com pletion o f the final area bu lletin in the cu rren t round o f surveys. The fir s t o f these bulletins w ill be available late in 1962 and the other e a rly in 1963. During the Survey year, sum m ary re le a s e s p resen tin g areaw ide occupational earnings data fo r 25 to 30 la b or m a rk ets, are issu ed as data b e co m e available. A : O ccupational earn in gs:* A - 1. O ffice occu pation s—m en and w om en ________________________ A -2 . P r o fe ssio n a l and tech n ical occu pation s—m en and w om en _________________________________________________ A -3 . O ffice , p ro fe ssio n a l, and tech n ical occu pation s—m en and w om en com bined ----------------------------A -4 . M aintenance and pow erplant occupations --------------------------A -5 . C ustodial and m a teria l m ovem ent occupations _____________ T his bulletin was p rep a red in the B ureau's r e gional o ffic e in New Y ork , N .Y ., by R obert M. Findlay, under the d ire ctio n o f H arold A. B arletta. The study was under the gen era l d ire ctio n of F r e d e r ick W. M u eller, A ssistan t R egion a l D ir e c to r fo r Wages and Industrial R elation s. B: Establishm ent p r a c tic e s and supplem entary wage p ro v isio n s:* B - l . Shift d ifferen tia ls ____________________________________________ B -2 . M inimum entrance sa la ries fo r w om en o ffice w ork ers ___ B -3 . Scheduled w eekly hours _____________________________________ B -4 . Paid holidays ________________________________________________ B -5 . Paid vacations _______________________________________________ 16 B -6 . Health, in su ran ce, and pension plans _____________________ 1 4 3 3 5 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 18 A ppendixes: A. Changes in occu pation al d escrip tion s ____________________________ B. O ccupational d escrip tion s ________________________________________ * NOTE: Sim ilar tabulations are available in p reviou s area re p o rts fo r Albany— Schenectady—T ro y and fo r other m a jor area s. A d ir e c to r y indicating the a rea s, dates o f study, and p r ic e s o f these rep orts is available upon request. A current re p o rt on occupational earnings and supplem entary wage p rov ision s in the T ro y a rea is a lso available fo r the m e n 's and b oys' shirts (except w ork shirts) and nightwear industry (M ay 1961). Union s c a le s , indicative o f prevailin g pay le v e ls, are also available fo r seven se le cte d building trades in Schenectady. iii 19 21 Occupational Wage Survey—Albany—Schenectady—Troy, N.Y. Introduction to the work schedules (rounded to the n ea rest half hour) fo r which stra igh t-tim e sa la rie s are paid; average w eekly earnings fo r these occupations have been rounded to the n ea rest half d olla r. This a rea is 1 o f 82 labor m arkets in which the U .S . D e partm ent o f L a b o r 's B ureau o f L abor Statistics has conducted s u r veys o f occu pation al earnings and related wage benefits on an a re a wide b a s is . In this a re a , data w ere obtained by personal v isits o f B ureau fie ld e con om ists to representative establishm ents within six broad industry d iv ision s: M anufacturing; transportation, com m u n ica tion , and other public u tilitie s; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, in su ran ce, and rea l estate; and s e r v ic e s . M ajor industry groups exclu ded fro m these studies are governm ent operations and the c o n stru ction and ex tra ctiv e in du stries. Establishm ents having few er than a p re s c r ib e d num ber o f w ork ers are omitted a lso becau se they tend to furnish in su fficien t em ploym ent in the occupations studied to w arrant in clu sion . Separate tabulations are provided fo r each o f the broad industry division s which m eet publication c r ite r ia . A verage earnings o f m en and wom en are presented separately fo r se le cte d occupations in which both sexes are com m only em ployed. D ifferen ces in pay le v e ls o f m en and wom en in these occupations are la rg e ly due to (1) d iffe re n ces in the distribution o f the sexes among industries and establish m en ts; (2) d ifferen ces in sp e cific duties p e r fo rm e d , although the occu pation s are ap propriately cla s s ifie d within the sam e su rvey jo b d e scrip tion ; and (3) d ifferen ces in length of s e r v ic e o r m e rit review when individual sa la ries are adjusted on this b a s is . L onger average s e r v ic e o f m en would resu lt in higher average pay when both sexes are em p loyed within the same rate range. Job d escrip tion s used in cla ssify in g em p loyees in these su rveys are usu ally m ore gen era lized than those used in individual establishm ents to allow fo r m inor d iffe re n ces among establishm ents in sp ecific duties pe rfo rm e d . T hese su rveys are conducted on a sam ple basis because o f the u n n ecessary c o s t involved in surveying all establishm ents. To obtain optim um a ccu ra cy at m inim um c o s t, a greater proportion o f large than o f sm all establish m en ts is studied. In com bining the data, how e v e r , all establish m en ts are given their appropriate weight. E stim ates based on the establish m en ts studied are presented, th e re fo re , as r e lating to all establish m en ts in the industry grouping and a rea , e x cep t fo r those below the m inim um size studied. O ccupational em ploym ent estim ates rep resen t the total in all establishm ents within the scop e o f the study and not the number actu ally su rveyed. B ecause o f d ifferen ces in occupational structure among establish m en ts, the estim ates o f occupational em ploym ent obtained fr o m the sam ple o f establishm ents studied serv e only to indicate the relative im portance o f the job s studied. These d ifferen ces in o ccu pational structure do not m a teria lly affect the a ccu ra cy o f the earn ings data. O ccupations and E arnings The occu pation s s e le cte d fo r study are com m on to a va riety o f m anufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. O ccupational c la s sifica tion is based on a u niform set of job d escription s designed to take account o f in terestablishm ent variation in duties within the same jo b . (See appendix fo r listin g o f these d e scrip tio n s.) Earnings data are presen ted (in the A -s e r ie s tables) fo r the follow ing types o f o c c u pations: (a) O ffice c le r ic a l; (b) p rofession a l and technical; (c) m ainte nance and pow erplant; and (d) custodial and m aterial m ovem ent. E stablishm ent P r a c tic e s and Supplem entary Wage P rov ision s Inform ation is presented (in the B -s e r ie s tables) on selected establishm ent p ra ctice s and supplem entary benefits as they relate to o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s. The con cep t "o ffice w o r k e r s ," as used in this bulletin, includes working su p erv isors and nonsupervisory w ork ers perform in g c le r ic a l o r related functions, and excludes admin istra tiv e , execu tiv e, and p rofession a l p erson n el. "Plant w o rk e rs" in clude working fo re m e n and all n on su p ervisory w ork ers (including leadm en and tra in ees) engaged in n onoffice functions. A dm inistrative, execu tive, and p ro fe ssio n a l em p loyees, and fo r c e -a c c o u n t construction em p loyees who are u tilized as a separate w ork fo r c e are excluded. C a feteria w ork ers and route men are excluded in manufacturing indus tr ie s , but are included as plant w ork ers in nonmanufacturing industries. O ccupational em ploym ent and earnings data are shown fo r fu ll-tim e w o rk e rs , i . e . , those h ired to w ork a regular w eekly sch ed ule in the given occu pation al c la ss ifica tio n . Earnings data exclude prem ium pay fo r ov ertim e and fo r w ork on weekends, h olidays, and late sh ifts. N onproduction bonuses are excluded a lso , but c o s t - o f living bonuses and incentive earnings are included. W here weekly hours are re p o rte d , as fo r o ffice c le r ic a l occu pation s, r e fe re n ce is 1 2 Shift differen tial data (table B - 1) are lim ited to manufacturing in d u stries. This in form ation is presen ted both in term s o f (a) esta b lishm ent p o li c y ,1 p resen ted in term s o f total plant w ork er em p loy m ent, and (b) e ffectiv e p r a ctice , presented in term s o f w ork ers actually em p loyed on the s p e cifie d shift at the time o f the su rvey. In establishm ents having va ried d ifferen tia ls, the amount applying to a m a jority was used o r , if no amount applied to a m a jo rity , the c la s sifica tion "o th e r " was u sed. In establishm ents in which som e la te shift hours are paid at norm al ra te s, a d ifferen tial was re co rd e d only if it applied to a m a jo rity o f the shift h ou rs. M inim um entrance sa la rie s (table B -2 ) relate only to the establishm ents v isite d . They are presen ted in term s o f esta b lish ments with fo rm a l m inim um sa la ry p o lic ie s . The scheduled hours (table B -3 ) o f a m a jority o f the fi r s t shift w ork ers in an establishm ent are tabulated as applying to a ll o f the plant o r o ffic e w ork ers o f that establishm ent. P aid h olidays; paid v acations; and health, in su ran ce, and pension plans (tables B -4 through B -6 ) are treated sta tistica lly on the b a sis that these are applicable to all plant o r o ffic e w ork ers i f a m a jo rity o f such w ork ers are e li gible o r m ay eventually qualify fo r the p ra ctice s listed . Sums o f individual item s in tables B -3 through B -6 m ay not equal totals b e cau se o f rounding. The fir s t part o f the paid holidays table (table B -4 ) presents the num ber o f whole and h alf holidays actually provided. The second part com bin es whole and h alf holidays to show total holiday tim e . The sum m ary o f vacation plans (table B -5 ) is lim ited to f o r m al p o lic ie s , excluding in form a l arrangem ents w hereby tim e o ff with pay is granted at the d is cre tio n o f the e m p lo y e r. Separate estim ates are p rovided a ccord in g to em p loyer p ra ctice in com puting vacation paym ents, such as tim e paym ents, p ercen t o f annual earn in gs, o r fla t-su m am ounts. H ow ever, in the tabulations o f vacation pay, pay ments not on a tim e b a sis w ere so con verted ; fo r exam ple, a payment o f 2 percen t o f annual earnings was co n sid e re d as the equivalent o f 1 w eek 's pay. Data are presented fo r all health, in su ran ce, and pension plans (table B -6) fo r which at least a p art o f the co st is born e by the e m p lo y e r, excepting only legal requ irem en ts such as w ork m en ^ com p en sation, social' secu rity, and ra ilroa d retirem en t. Such plans include those underwritten by a co m m e rcia l insurance com pany and those p r o vided through a union fund o r paid d ir e c tly by the em p loyer out o f cu rren t operating funds o r fro m a fund set aside fo r this pu rp ose. Death benefits are included as a fo rm o f life insurance. Sickness and accident in su ran ce is lim ited to that type o f in surance under which pred eterm in ed cash paym ents are made d ire ctly to the insured on a weekly or m onthly b a sis during illn ess o r accid en t disability. Inform ation is p resen ted fo r a ll such plans to which the em p loyer contributes. H ow ever, in New Y ork and New J e rse y , which have enacted tem porary disability in su ran ce laws which requ ire e m p lo y e r con trib u tion s,2 plans are included only if the em p loyer (1) co n tributes m ore than is leg ally requ ired , o r (2) p rovid es the em ployee with benefits which exceed the requ irem en ts o f the law. Tabulation? o f paid sick leave plans are lim ited to fo rm a l p la n s 3 which p rovid e fu ll pay o r a prop ortion o f the w o r k e r s pay during absence fro m w ork b ecau se o f illn e ss. Separate tabulations a re p resen ted a ccord in g to (1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting p eriod , and (2) plans which provide either partial pay o r a waiting p e rio d . In addition to the presentation o f the proportion s o f w ork ers who a re provid ed sick n ess and accident insurance o r paid sick leave, an unduplicated total is shown o f w orkers who re ceiv e eith er o r both types o f ben efits. Catastrophe insurance, som etim es re fe r r e d to as extended m ed ica l insurance, includes those plans which a re designed to p rotect em ployees in case o f sick n ess and in ju ry involving expenses beyond the norm al coverage o f hospitalization, m ed ica l, and su rg ica l plans. M ed ical insurance re fe r s to plans p rovidin g fo r com plete o r p artial payment o f d o c to r s 1 fe e s. Such plans m ay be underw ritten by c o m m e r cia l insurance com panies o r n onprofit organizations o r they m ay be se lf-in su re d . Tabulations o f retirem en t pension plans are lim ited to those plans that provide monthly paym ents fo r the rem ainder o f the w o r k e r 's life. 2 The tem porary disability laws in C alifornia and Rhode Island do not require em ployer contributions. 3 An establishm ent was con sid ered as having a form a l plan if it established at least the minim um num ber o f days o f sick leave that 1 An establishm ent was co n sid e re d as having a p olicy if it m et could be expected by each em p loyee. Such a plan need not be written, either o f the follow in g con ditions: (l ) O perated late shifts at the tim e but in form al sick leave allow an ces, d eterm in ed on an individual b a sis, o f the su rvey, o r (2) had fo rm a l p rovision s co v erin g late sh ifts. w ere excluded. 3 T a b le 1. E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ithin s co p e o f s u r v e y and n u m b er stu died in A lb a n y -S ch e n e cta d y —T r o y , N. Y . , M inim um e m p loym en t in e s t a b lis h m en ts in s c o p e o f study In d u s try d iv is io n by m a jo r in d u s try d iv is io n , 2 M a r c h 1962 N u m ber o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts W ithin scope of study 3 W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts W ithin s c o p e o f study Studied Studied T o ta l4 O ffic e P lan t T o t a l4 — — — — 50 339 102 92, 900 15, 200 58, 500 64, 200 M a n u fa ctu rin g ______________________________________ —------------N on m a n u fa ctu rin g __ __ _____ __ __ —-------------- — ------- — T r a n s p o rta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s 5 __ -------- ------- — ------W h o le s a le tra d e _____ __ __ ________ _____ — ------- __ R e ta il tra d e ______ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ — __ F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e __ __ _____ __ S e r v i c e s 7 „ __ __ _____ __ ________ _____ — __ — — 50 50 140 199 47 55 53, 500 39, 400 6, 500 8, 700 3 7 ,9 0 0 2 0 ,6 0 0 38, 450 25, 750 50 50 50 50 50 26 34 65 38 36 14 6 15 8 12 12, 3, 12, 5, 5, 2, 000 (6) (‘ ) (*) (6) A ll d iv is io n s ________________________________ — 400 400 500 500 600 6, 500 (*) (‘ ) (6) (6 ) 11, 1, 6, 2, 3, 570 560 890 020 710 1 The A lban y—S ch e n e cta d y —T r o y Standard M e tro p o lita n S ta tis tica l A r e a c o n s is t s o f A lban y, R e n s s e la e r , S aratoga , and S ch e n e cta d y C ou n ties. T he. " w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e o f study" e stim a tes sh ow n in this ta b le p r o v id e a r e a s o n a b le a c c u r a te d e s c r ip tio n o f the s iz e and c o m p o s it io n o f the la b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in the s u r v e y . The e s tim a te s a r e not intended, h o w e v e r , to s e r v e as a b a s is o f c o m p a r is o n w ith o th e r a r e a e m p lo y m e n t in d e x e s to m e a s u r e e m p lo y m e n t tre n d s o r le v e ls s in c e ( 1) planning o f w age s u r v e y s r e q u ir e s the u s e o f esta b lis h m e n t data c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in a d va n ce o f the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ied , and ( 2) s m a ll e sta b lish m e n ts a r e e x c lu d e d fr o m the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y . 2 The 1957 r e v is e d e d itio n o f the Standard In d u stria l C la s s ific a t io n M anual w as u s e d in c la s s ify in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts by in d u stry d iv is io n . M a jo r ch a n g es fr o m the e a r l ie r ed ition (u sed in the B u r e a u 's la b o r m a r k e t w age s u r v e y s c o n d u cte d p r io r to July 1958) a r e the t r a n s fe r o f m ilk p a s te u r iz a tio n plan ts and re a d y -m ix e d c o n c r e te e s ta b lis h m e n ts fr o m tra d e (w h o le s a le o r reta il) to m a n u fa ctu rin g , and the t r a n s fe r o f r a d io and t e le v is io n b ro a d ca s tin g fr o m s e r v ic e s to the tra n s p o rta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilitie s d iv is io n . 3 In clu d e s a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith total em p lo ym e n t at o r above the m in im u m -s iz e lim ita tio n . A ll o u tle ts (w ithin the a re a ) o f co m p a n ie s in s u ch in d u s tr ie s as tr a d e , fin a n ce, auto r e p a ir s e r v ic e , and m o t io n - p ic t u r e th e a te r s a r e c o n s id e r e d as 1 esta b lish m e n t. 4 In clu d e s e x e c u t iv e , p r o f e s s io n a l, and o th e r w o r k e r s e xclu d e d fr o m the se p a ra te o f fi c e and plant c a t e g o r ie s . 5 T a x ic a b s and s e r v i c e s in c id e n ta l to w a te r tr a n s p o r ta tio n w e re e x clu d e d . 6 T h is in d u s tr y d iv is io n is r e p r e s e n t e d in e s tim a te s f o r " a ll i n d u s t r ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g " in the S e r ie s A and B ta b le s . S ep a ra te p r e s e n ta tio n o f d ata f o r this d iv is io n is not m ade f o r one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g r e a s o n s : (1) E m p loym en t in the d iv is io n is to o s m a ll to p r o v id e enough data to m e r it s e p a ra te study, (2) the s a m p le w as not d e s ig n e d in itia lly to p e r m it sep arate p r e s e n ta tio n , (3) r e s p o n s e w as in s u ffic ie n t o r inadequate to p e r m it s e p a r a te p r e s e n ta tio n , and (4) th e re is p o s s ib ilit y o f d is c lo s u r e o f in d ivid u al e s ta b lis h m e n t data. 7 H o te ls ; p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ; a u to m o b ile r e p a ir s h o p s ; m o tio n p ic t u r e s ; n o n p ro fit m e m b e r s h ip o r g a n iz a tio n s ; and e n g in e e rin g and a r c h ite c t u r a l s e r v ic e s . T a ble 2. P e r c e n ts o f in c r e a s e in stan dard w ee k ly s a la r ie s and s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u r ly e a rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n a l g r o u p s in A lb a n y -S ch e n e cta d y —T r o y , N .Y ., M a r c h 1961 to M a r c h 1962, and M a r c h I960 to M a r c h 1961 M a r c h 1961 to M a r c h 1962 M a r c h I960 to M a r c h 1961 A ll in d u s t r ie s : O ffic e c le r i c a l (m e n and w om en ) _____________________ In d u stria l n u r s e s (m en and w om en ) ----------------------------S k illed m ain ten an ce (m en ) _____ __ — _______________ U n sk illed plant ( m e n ) ------ ------------- __ ----------------------- 1. 4. 2. 4. 1 6 2. 3 4 .8 2 .9 3. 2 M a n u fa ctu rin g : O ffic e c le r i c a l (m en and w om en ) --------------------------------In d u stria l n u r s e s (m en and w om en ) ___________________ S k illed m ain ten an ce (m en) ____________ _______________ U n sk ille d plant (m en) _______________________________ 2. 0 3. 6 1. 8 5. 8 1. 8 4. 3 2 .9 2 .5 Industry and o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p 5 1 4 Wags Trends lor Selected Occupational Groups P resen ted in table 2 a re p ercen ts o f change in sa la rie s o f o ffice c le r ic a l w o rk e rs and industrial n urses, and in average earnings of selected plant w ork er groups. F or o ffic e c le r ic a l w ork ers and industrial n u rses, the p e r cents of change relate to average w eekly sa la ries fo r n orm al hours of w ork, that is, the standard w ork schedule fo r which straigh t-tim e sa la ries are paid. F or plant w ork er groups, they m ea su re changes in straight-tim e hourly earnings, excluding prem ium pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The p e r centages a re based on data fo r selected key occupations and include m ost of the n u m erica lly im portant jo b s within each group. The o f fice c le r ic a l data a re based on m en and wom en in the follow ing 19 jo b s : B ookkeeping-m achine o p era tors, c la s s B; cle r k s, accounting, c la s s A and B; cle rk s, file , c la s s A, B, and C; cle r k s, o rd e r; c le r k s, p ay roll; C om ptom eter op era tors; keypunch o p era tors, c la ss A and B; office boys and g ir ls ; s e c r e ta r ie s ; stenographers, general; sten ogra phers, sen ior; sw itchboard o p era tors; tabulating-m achine o p era tors, cla ss B; and typists, c la s s A and B. The industrial nurse data a re based on m en and wom en industrial n urses. Men in the follow in g 8 skilled m aintenance jo b s and 2 unskilled jo b s w ere included in the plant w ork er data: Skilled— carp en ters; e le ctricia n s; m a ch in ists; m e chanics; m ech a n ics, autom otive; pain ters; p ip efitters; and to o l and die m ak ers; unskilled— ja n itors, p o r te r s , and cle a n e rs; and la b o r e r s, m aterial handling. A verage w eekly sa la rie s or average hourly earnings w ere computed fo r each of the selected occupations. The average s a l a r ie s or hourly earnings w ere then m u ltip lied by the average em p loy m ent in the jo b during the p e rio d su rveyed in 1961. T hese weighted earnings fo r individual occupations w e re then totaled to obtain an a g gregate fo r each occupational group. F in ally, the ra tio o f these group aggregates fo r the one year to the aggregate fo r the other y ea r was com puted and the d iffe re n ce betw een the re su lt and 100 is the p ercen t of change fro m the one p e riod to the oth er. The p ercen t o f change m e a su re s, p rin cip a lly , the e ffe cts o f (1) gen eral salary and wage changes; (2) m e r it or other in cre a se s in pay re ce iv e d by individual w o rk e rs w hile in the sam e jo b ; and (3) changes in the labor fo r c e such as la b or tu rn over, fo r c e expan sion s, fo r c e reductions, and changes in the p rop ortion s o f w o rk e rs em ployed by establishm ents with d ifferen t pay le v e ls . Changes in the la b or fo r c e can cause in cre a se s o r d e c r e a s e s in the occu pation al a v era ges without actual wage changes. F or exam ple, a fo r c e expansion m ight in crea se the prop ortion o f low er paid w o rk e rs in a s p e c ific occupation and resu lt in a d rop in the a v era ge, w h ereas a redu ction in the prop ortion o f low er paid w o rk e rs would have the op p osite e ffe ct. The m ovem ent of a high-paying establish m en t out o f an a rea could cause the average earnings to d rop , even though no change in ra tes o cc u r r e d in other area establishm ents. The use o f constant em ploym ent w eights elim in ates the e ffe cts o f changes in the p rop ortion o f w o rk e rs rep resen ted in each jo b in cluded in the data. Nor a re the p ercen ts o f change influenced by changes in standard w ork schedules or in p rem iu m pay fo r ov ertim e, sin ce they a re based on pay fo r stra ig h t-tim e hours. The above text rep resen ts the m ethod used in computing a new trend s e r ie s . The expansion o f the la b or m arket wage survey p rogra m in 1961 m ade data available in 82 a rea s fo r the com putation o f wage trends fo r selected jo b groupings. S ixty-one a rea s w ere surveyed in I960; p rio r to I960, co v era g e w as lim ited to 20 a re a s. T h e re fo re , it was decid ed to compute a new trend s e r ie s in which 1961 w ill be the b ase yea r sin ce this is the fir s t year in which data w ere c o lle cte d in a ll 82 a rea s. The p ercen ts of change shown in table 2 a re not com parable with sim ila r data shown fo r this a rea in la st y e a r 's B ulletin 1285-51. The new s e rie s in tro duces changes in the jo b groupings fo r which trends are shown and changes in jo b s included in the com putations. A: Occupational Earnings Tabic A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r s e le cte d occupations studied on an a rea b a sis by industry division , A lb a n y -S ch e n e cta d y -T ro y , N . Y . , M arch 1962) Average Number of workers S ex, occu pation , and industry d iv isio n NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF $ $ $ t * 8 Weekly, Weekly , 35.00 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 50. 00 *55. 00 *60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 7 5 .0 0 80. 00 85. 00 9 0 .0 0 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 hours 1 Mminw and (Standard) (Standard) under and 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 50.00 55JOO 60. 00 65.00 7 0 .0 0 75. 00 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 95.0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 over M en $106.00 106. 50 105. 00 " - " - - " _ - 62 3 9.0 3 9 .5 3 9.0 - " 10 8 2 9 7 2 10 4 6 13 1 12 15 10 5 34 15 19 11 7 4 14 7 7 7 7 - 65 41 3 9.0 39. 0 87.00 91. 50 “ _ ■ " 3 - 4 4 4 1 3 - 3 2 _ “ 12 7 “ 6 3 11 10 10 7 7 5 - 2 2 - 30 26 39. 5 39. 5 88.00 85. 50 - _ " - - - 1 1 2 2" " 1 1 2 2 8 7 - 8 8 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 - 119 72 47 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 37. 5 59. 50 60.00 59.00 _ - _ - 29 21 8 12 2 10 25 17 g 9 2 7 36 25 11 2 1 . - 2 2 2 2 _ - _ - 2 2 _ - _ - _ - __ 39 36 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 104.00 104.00 - - - - - - - - 2 2 2 2 - 5 5 2 2 9 8 12 10 - Tabulating -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B ___ — ___ _ M anufacturing ________________ _______ N onm anufacturing ____________________ 77 25 52 38. 5 4 0 .0 3 8 .0 85. 50 94.00 81. 00 “ - - - " - - 6 6 28 1 27 7 1 6 7 3 4 7 3 4 ‘ 20 15 5 1 1 - - T abulating -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , c la s s C ____. . . . __ _______ __ —,___________ N onm anufacturing __ __ . . . . . 50 30 38.0 3 8 .0 69. 50 69.50 - - “ 6 6 14 10 9 4 4 - - “ “ 10 3 3 3 - 4 4 B ille r s , m achine (b illin g m a c h i n e ) ____ 31 4 0 .0 59. 50 - 3 _ 5 11 8 - _ - - 4 - - B ook keepin g-m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , c la s s A ________________ __________ ______ M a n u fa c t u r in g ________________________ 79 41 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 77.00 80 . bo - " “ “ 3 t 9 1 9 1 10 2 18 11 10 10 10 10 3 3 . 232 56 176 38. 5 38. 5 3 8 .5 6 1.00 677*50 59.00 - - 15 15 49 9 40 47 2 45 64 12 52 26 16 10 9 ------5 4 “ 1 1 3 3 - C le r k s , accounting, c la s s A . ._ ____ M anufacturing _______ __ ._ ._ N onm anufacturing . . . . . . . . _. . . . P u blic u tilities 2 —------------------------- 130 62 68 42 3 9.0 4 0 .0 3 8.0 3 7 .0 91. 50 90. 50 92.00 95. 50 _ - - - - _ " - 9 9 - 11 2 9 3 6 1 5 - 18 18 “ 13 10 3 3 C le r k s , accounting, c la s s B ----------------M anufacturing _ . _. „ . .. __ ___ N onm anufacturing _ _ 520 98 422 3 8.0 3 9 .5 3 8.0 69. 50 68. 50 69. 50 _ - 9 9 6 6 24 2 22 48 15 33 140 23 117 70 16 54 64 17 47 81 4 77 43 20 23 C le r k s , accounting, c la s s A ______ _____ M a n u fa c t u r in g -----------------------------------N onm anufacturing __ ____ __ ________ _ 136 C le r k s , accounting, c la s s B ________ __ N onm anufacturing . . . . . . C le r k s , o r d e r ______ ____________________ M anufacturing _______ ______ ______ __ O ffic e boys -----------M anufacturing _____ _ _ ___ T a bu latin g-m ach in e o p e r a to r s , c la s s A ____ __ _ __ M anufacturing ___ ___ 14 7 2 5 > - 5 5 * x 1 - _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ _ _ - - " - - _ - _ - _ - - 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 - - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - ~ - - " - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 1 - - - - " - - " - 5 1 1 “ “ - - - - - - 3 - 40 6 34 24 4 1 3 " - 9 3 6 4 5 5 5 4 3 1 1 5 5 - 6 4 2 2 _ " _ - _ - - - 18 18 15 15 1 - 1 _ - _ “ 1 1 - - _ - _ - _ - 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - “ - - - - - _ W om en B ook keepin g-m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , c la s s B _ .. ____ M anufacturing _ ______ N onm anufacturing . . . . 12 ------T " 6 __ . 59 3 9 .5 74.00 _ _ _ _ 7 5 6 1 28 10 1 _ C le r k s , file , c la s s B 3 ____ ___ _________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ______________-____ ____ N onm anufacturing ____ 147 44 103 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 57. 50 67.00 53. 50 - 6 6 14 4 10 58 2 56 21 5 16 9 1 8 8 8 - 24 22 2 7 2 5 - - - C le r k s , file , c la s s C 3 ___ . __ _ _ __ N onm anufacturing ____________ _____ _ 95 69 38 .0 3 8.0 55.00 54. 50 2 2 _ 26 7 — r ~ -----2 35 22“ 24 T& x C le r k s , file , c la s s A 3 _ — See footn otes at end o f table. - 1 ~ ~ v ~ — : 1— 6 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women— Continued (A verage stra igh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r s e le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry division , AlbanyHSchenectady—'T r o y , N .Y ., M arch 1962) Average Sex, occupation, and industry d ivision Number of workers Weekly . Weekly, hours 1 earnings 1 (Standard) (Standard) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF $ S *35. 00 *40. 00 *45. 00 *50. 00 *55. 00 *60. 00 *65. 00 *70. 00 *75. 00 *80. 00 *85. 00 *90. 00 95.00 *100.00 105.00 *110.00 *115.00 *120.00 *125.00 *30.00 135.00 140.00 and and tinder 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 50.00 55.00 6 0.00 65 00 70. 00 7 5 .0 0 80. 00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 o v e r W om en— C ontinue d ------- — 49 38. 5 $70 .0 0 _ _ _ 6 5 13 _ 3 12 4 5 1 C lerk s , pa y roll __ __ ---- — M anufacturing ____ — . . ___ — N onm anufacturing -------- ---- 164 85 79 38. 5 3 9.0 3 8 .0 75.00 73. 50 76. 50 . - . ” . " 2 33 8 25 20 9 11 32 4 28 11 11 “ 7 7 ■ 8 5 3 1 1 “ 5 4 1 5 1 4 3 3 . - 1 1 " _ “ - “ 33 29 4 _ l 3 3 “ _ ■ _ ~ Com ptom eter op era tors ------------------------Nonm anufacturing _____ 122 104 37 .0 36. 5 7 8.00 79 .0 0 - - - 1 1 - 4 3 21 10 15 14 58 57 1 1 1 1 17 17 1 2 1 - - - - - - - Keypunch o p e r a to r s , c la s s A 3 ---------------M anufacturing _______________________ 65 43 39 .0 4 0 .0 77. 50 81. 50 - _ " - - 15 2 2 10 10 3 3 - " 24 18 4 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 - - - " " - - 1 Keypunch o p e r a to r s , c la s s B 3 — __ M anufacturing _______________________ N onm anufacturing ___________________ 212 99 113 38. 5 3 9 .5 38 .0 70. 50 79.0 0 63. 50 _ - _ " 7 7 22 22 17 2 15 27 6 21 30 6 24 18 10 8 14 9 5 62 55 7 8 8 - 6 2 4 _ - 1 1 - - _ - _ - _ - - - _ - O ffice g ir ls ______________________________ Nonm anufacturing ___________________ 83 66 39.0 3 9.0 56. 00 53. 50 _ - 27 26 8 7 26 26 7 6 13 1 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - S e creta ries ------------- — ----------------- — M anufacturing _______________________ N onm anufacturing ___________________ P u blic u tilit ie s 1 2 ____ — — — 901 520 381 64 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9.0 37. 5 90. 50 89. 50 _ - 114.00 _ - _ - 6 6 “ 5 5 - 23 15 8 " 20 14 6 - 73 44 29 3 64 37 27 " 58 34 24 “ 61 35 26 1 281 188 93 1 157 65 92 3 38 24 14 6 32 21 11 10 15 9 6 4 15 11 4 4 31 12 19 19 12 2 10 10 5 4 1 1 " 5 5 2 Stenographers, g e n e r a l3 ________________ M anufacturing -----------------------------------Nonm anufacturing — ----------- — — P u blic u t ilit ie s 2 ---------------------- — 483 251 232 47 3 9.0 4 0 .0 38. 5 38. 5 7 4.00 7 8.00 69. 50 76. 50 _ - _ " 7 7 19 3 16 “ 45 12 33 10 64 30 34 9 53 32 21 2 93 33 60 3 44 18 26 5 72 62 10 1 20 12 8 1 47 36 11 10 4 2 2 2 8 5 3 3 7 6 1 1 _ - _ “ _ - _ “ _ - _ - _ - Sw itchboard op era tors _________________ M anufacturing ____ ___ — — N onm anufacturing __________ 148 44 104 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 68. 50 8 4.00 62. 50 - 20 20 9 9 11 11 22 10 - ------2 20 10 5 5 10 4 6 9 6 3 11 11 ■ 17 13 4 15 15 3 3 “ 5 4 1 1 1 " _ " _ “ “ “ _ - _ - _ Sw itchboard o p e r a t o r -r e c e p t io n is t s -----M anufacturing ______ „ __ — — — N onm anufacturing ------------------------------ 132 64 68 39. 0 3 9 .5 3 9.0 66. 00 70. 50 6 2.00 - - _ - 2 2 19 2 17 12 6 6 43 20 23 8 4 4 15 8 7 18 10 8 10 9 2 2 - 3 3 - - - - - - - _ - _ - T abulating-m achine op e r a to r s , c la s s B ___________ ___________________ M anufacturing ___________________ — 96 76. 50 88. 00 - - - 7 " - 7 - 13 - 27 5 19 3 1 1 - 4 4 14 13 1 - 3 - - - - - - - - 26 3 8 .0 3 9 .5 T ran scrib in g-m a ch in e o p e ra to rs , gen eral ________________________________ M anufacturing -----------------------------------iNonmanuiacturing 93 41 52 3 8.0 38. 5 3 8.0 68. 50 6 4.00 72. 50 - - - 4 4 12 6 5 21 8 13 22 14 8 13 6 7 2 2 9 1 8 8 2 8 2 T yp ists, c la s s A _______ ____ — — — M anufacturing _______________________ N onm anufacturing ----------------------------Pu blic utilities 2 ---------------------------- 159 90 69 25 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 37. 5 37. 5 76. 50 84.0 0 66. 50 71. 50 - - - 10 10 " 11 2 9 4 15 15 5 17 4 13 4 7 7 2 6 5 1 ~ 60 49 11 9 10 8 2 20 20 - 1 1 1 . 2 2 “ " - - " “ ~ - - _ - _ - T y p ists, cla s s B __ __ — — M anufacturing _______________________ Nonm anufacturing __ __ --------- 479 111 368 3 8 .0 3 9 .0 3 8.0 59.00 62. 50 58.00 _ 7 7 49 3 46 145 8 137 111 38 73 58 21 37 54 20 34 10 8 2 7 7 18 2 16 9 1 8 9 1 8 _ - 2 2 _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ “ - “ “ " ■ - C lerk s, o rd e r _________ 92 . 00 - " - - 1 - 1 Standard hours r e fle c t the w orkw eek fo r w hich em ployees r e c e iv e their regu lar straigh t-tim e s a la rie s and the earnings co rresp on d to these w eekly h ou rs. 2 T ran sp ortation, com m u nication, and other public u tilitie s. 3 D escrip tion fo r this jo b has been re v ise d since the last su rvey in this a re a . See appendix A. * - - 7 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Women (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an a rea basis by industry division , Albany^-Schenectady—T ro y , N .Y ., M arch 1962) 8 Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined (A verage s tra igh t-tim e w eekly earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an a rea basis by industry d ivision , A lban y-S ch en ecta d y-T roy, N .Y ., M arch 1962) O ccupation and industry d ivision Number of Average weekly j earnings (Standard) $59-50 B ille r s , m achine (billin g m achine) 92 49 79-00 84.00 Bookkeeping-m ach ine o p e ra to rs , cla s s B M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing 5F~ 176 61.00 67.50 59.00 C lerk s, accounting, c la s s A M anufacturing Nonm anufacturing P u blic u tilities 2 266 136 130 78 99.50 98.50 103.00 r 463 71.00 71.50 C lerk s, file , c la s s B 3 M anufacturing -----Nonmanufacturing 49 105 68.00 54.00 C lerk s, file , c la s s C 3 Nonmanufacturing ~VT Bookkeeping-m ach ine o p e ra to rs, c la s s A M anufacturing ____— ---------------------—— n C lerk s, file , c la s s A 3 C lerk s, o rd er M anufacturing C lerk s, pa y roll __ M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing O ffic e occu p a tion s— Continued 79 97 89 Com ptom eter o p erators Nonmanufacturing — Keypunch operators, c la s s A 3 M anufacturing _ Keypunch o p e ra to rs, c la s s B 3 M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing 100 114 T abulating-m achine o p e r a to r s , c la s s A M a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------------------------ “ 42“ 77.50 81.50 T abulating-m achine o p e r a to r s , c la s s B M a n u fa ctu rin g ______ _________________ Nonmanufacturing ___________________ 122 91.00 76.00 42 52 69.00 64.50 72.50 T ypists, c la s s A M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing .. P u blic u tilities 2 T3 69 25 84.00 66.50 71.50 T ypists, cla s s B M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing ____ 111 373 62.50 58.50 79.00 63.50 58.00 61.00 89 113 S e c r e ta r ie s --------------M anufacturing ___ Nonmanufacturing P u blic u tilities 2 904 520 384 67 90.50 ' 89.5092.50 113.50 Stenographers, g e n e r a l3 M anufacturing __ _____ Nonm anufacturing ___ P u b lic u tilities 2 __ 257 235 50 78.00 70.00 77.50 TOO 76.50 83.50 78.00 79.50 Sw itchboard o p e r a to r -r e c e p tio n ists M anufacturing N onm anufacturing 44 104 84.00 62.50 T abulating-m achine o p e r a to r s , c la s s C N onm anufacturing T ra n scrib in g-m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , gen eral M anufacturing — —-------------------------- — — N on m an u factu rin g______________________ P r o fe s s io n a l and tech n ica l occupations 124.00 136.50 {Draftsmen, sen ior N onm anufacturing 68 70.50 62.00 N urses, in du stria l (re g is te r e d ) M anufacturing _______________ 1 Earnings are fo r a regular w orkw eek fo r w hich e m ployees r e c e iv e their straigh t-tim e w eekly sa la r ie s , exclu siv e o f any prem iu m pay. 2 Tran sportation, com m unication, and other public utilities. 3 D escrip tion fo r this jo b has been r e v ise d sin ce the last survey in this area. See appendix A. 51 101.50 D raftsm en, ju n ior ------------- ------- ~TT $ 102.50 101.50 $ 78 .00 79.00 O ffice boys and g irls M anufacturing — N onm anufacturing Sw itchboard o p era tors M anufacturing N onm anufacturing Average weekly j O ccupation and industry division O ffice occu p a tion s— Continued O ffice occupations C lerk s, accounting, cla s s B M anufacturing -----------------N onm anufacturing . Average weekly j earnings (Standard) O ccupation and industry division 46 “ 38“ 102.50 T 0 i.5 0 9 Table A-4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A verage straight-tim e hourly earnings fo r m en in s elected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division , Albany—Schenectady^Troy, N .Y ., M arch 1962)* NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF- O ccupation and industry d ivision Number <rf Avenge hourly i earnings $ $ 1.40 1.50 and under 1.60 1.50 C a rp enters, m aintenance ______ __ . . . M anufacturing „------------------------ ,_____________ N onm anufacturing ___ __ ___ _____________ ____ 144 105 39 $2.73 2.78 2.57 - E le c tr ic ia n s , m aintenance _______ ____ M anufacturing ______________________________ N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g _______________________ ___ 303 257 46 2.92 2.92 2.94 *1.60 $ 1.70 $ 1.80 1.70 1.80 1.90 1.90 2.00 7 " “ _ - _ _ " _ “ _ “ . “ . - 4 4 . - - _ - . - . - 1 2 2 _ ” 16 * 1 “ 2 2 - . - E n gin eers, station ary _ — . . . . . . . . _ M a n u fa c tu r in g ____ __ _________ __________ ___ N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g _______ . . . ___ _____________ 97 63 34 2.67 2.74 2.53 _ - F ire m e n , station ary b o i l e r ___,_________________ M anufacturing . . . . . . ._ __ __ ._ . . _. _ 104 70 2.27 2.44 “ H elp ers, m aintenance trades ________ _________ _ M a n u fa c tu r in g ___ . . . . . . . . . . . N onm anufacturing ___________________________ 183 157 26 2.37 2.38 2.30 - _ - M achinists, m a in te n a n c e ______ __ ______________ M anufacturing _____________ __________________ 355 334 2.94 2.93 _ " _ “ _ " M ech an ics, autom otive (m aintenance) ____ ______ . . . . __ _. M anufacturing ____ -__________ ______________ Nonm anufacturing . . . . ____ . . ________ P u blic u t ilit ie s 2 _________________________ 195 78 117 96 2.70 2.58 2.77 2.75 - - - M ech an ics, m aintenance . . . . . . . __ ___ M a n u fa c tu r in g ________________ ____________ _ 106 85 2.65 2.6V _ _ . _ “ ~ - " M illw rights __ — _. _. . . ____ . . __ . . M anufacturing _______ __ ._____ ________ ______ 94 78 2.98 2.96 O iler s __________ ____________________ _ M a n u fa c t u r in g - - - 51 51 2.26 2 .2 6 P a in ters, m a in te n a n c e __ _ M anufacturing _______ _ . . ------- _. ._ ._ _ . . _ _____ 98 74 2.69 2.69 P ip efitters, m aintenance _ . . _____ ____________ _ M anufacturing __ _ ____ „ __ _. ________ 269 229 3.01 2.99 . “ S h eet-m etal w o rk e rs , m a in te n a n c e ___________________________________ M anufacturing __ __ __ __ __ 51 46 3.01 2 .bo 1 1 1 2 $ $ 2.10 2.20 2.00 _ 5 12 8 4 2.10 2.20 $ 2.30 $ 2.40 $ 2.50 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 $ 12 12 15 3 _ " 12 - 4 4 - 11 4 9 2 2 2 5 5 1 1 2 “ 2 9 ~ 4 4 12 _ 16 It “ li 1 2 2 20 11 - - _ " 9 29 19 10 . _ “ ~ 2 2 2 2 2 2 _ - - _ _ - - ! 3 2 5 — T ~ ------4 " -----1“ 8 4 4 4 4 “ 4 — r ~ $ 3.30 $ 3.40 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.50 19 19 - 2 2 57 48 9 1 2 3 _ 3 _ 4 2 2 13 7 6 - 34 6 -----34~ — r ~ - 3 " 7 7 " _ - _ - _ - _ - _ _ _ _ - _ - 14 14 - 6 6 6 6 12 8 15 15 4 4 _ _ - - 40 39 1 25 25 - 55 52 3 1 1 - 7 4 3 . _ - _ - _ - 4 4' 9 9 24 24 31 31 4 4 8 8 29 29 2 2 180 -1 5 3 “ 9 9 7 5 2 23 23 - 21 21 . 21 _ _ _ - 10 _ 10 10 45 25 20 13 19 5 14 14 13 29 1 _ 1 1 3 _ 16 11 _ _ _ - 4 4 3 " - r~ 13 9 - 2 i " 3 - 1 - 4 4 12 10 4 1 18 18 _ “ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 ■ • “ 1 ■ 4 4 " 21 21 7 7 7 7 7 7 4 4 11 11 — IT ” - " ~ - _ 2 2 6 ...4 ' - 23 23 _ 1 - 1 4 4 - 2 2 — 27 T5 12 _ - _ 22 — 2T " _ - _ - 6 21 TT~ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - - - - - - - 45 29 . 13 13 10 16 - - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 35 27 1 1 ! - 1 4 - - 20 163 20 ' T I T . — 2 r~ 5 5 - 34 29 i 2 2 21 21 71 66 2 2 9 T _ 35 4 35 — T ~ 6 - 24 1 23 13 8 5 3 6 10 _ - 8 7 7 3 ------ j - - 3 7 20 20 23 129 2 19 — 1 - 106 9 9 - - - " $ 3.20 u - . _ $ 3.10 7 7 - 2 . 2 2 $ 3.00 29 27 . . ■ $ 2.90 1 - _ ■ $ 2.80 1 1 1 _ $ 2.70 - _ ” 1 2.60 $ 11 10 17 17 * E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Tran sportation, com m u nication, and other public utilities. $ _ _ 2 2 _ _ 10 Table A -5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A v e r a g e s tr a ig h t-tim e h ou rly earn in gs fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p ation s studied on an a r e a b a s is by in du stry d iv isio n , A lbany—Sch en ectady—T r o y , N. Y . , M arch 1962) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccu p ation 1 and in d u stry d iv is io n E le v a to r o p e r a t o r s ,, p a s s e n g e r (m en) ________ __ __ ______ __ __ ______ Number of workers $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S Average $ 1.00 1. 10 1. 20 1. 30 1.4 0 1. 50 1.60 1. 70 1. 80 1. 90 2 .0 0 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2 .4 0 2. 50 $2 .6 0 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 hourly earnings^ and under 1. 10 1. 20 1. 30 1 .40 1. 50 1 .60 1. 70 1. 80 1.90 2 .0 0 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2 .4 0 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2 .8 0 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 30 $ 1. 45 9 - 4 1 7 1 - 38 38 1. 20 1. 20 11 11 16 16 2 2 5 5 - 1 1 3 3 G uards ___________ __ __ __ „ ________ M anufacturin g _______________________ N onm anufacturing ___________________ 211 152 59 2. 21 2. 26 2. 08 _ - _ - 5 8 8 “ 2 2 1 1 _ - " 10 10 11 ~ _ " Ja n itors, p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s (m en) ___________ _____ ___________ __ M anufacturin _____________________ _____ ___ N onm anufact P u b lic uti , 3 ____ ________ __ 770 487 283 95 1. 81 1 .9 2 1. 63 2. 09 28 28 21 6 15 39 6 33 44 12 32 84 62 22 29 9 20 46 32 14 32 22 10 Ja n itors, p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s (w om en) _______________ _____________ M anufacturing _________ ______________ N onm anufacturing ___________________ 147 44 103 1. 38 1. 67 1. 25 35 35 21 1 20 20 20 9 8 1 3 3 “ 19 13 6 18 18 L a b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l handling ___________ M anufacturin g _______________________ N onm anufacturing ___________________ P u b lic u tilitie s 3 ______________ __ 867 573 294 77 2. 08 1 .9 5 2. 33 2. 53 - - 3 3 - 10 2 8 - 121 114 7 - 15 6 9 - 131 122 9 - E le v a to r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r (worn en) ________ __ __ ___ ____ __ __ _____ 8 O rd e r f il l e r s _____ ______________________ M anufacturin g ______________________ 322 157 2. 24 ....2 ; 2 0 " ' - - P a c k e r s , shipping _____ _____ _______ _ M anufacturing _______________________ 117 106 1 .9 5 1. W . . - “ R e ceiv in g c le r k s _______ __ ___ ______ M anufacturin g _____ _______________ N onm anufacturing _____ __ ________ 148 78 70 2. 08 2. 22 1.91 . 3 - - - 3 Shipping c le r k s __ M anufacturin g _____ _______________ 110 79 2. 37 2. 37 “ Shipping and r e c e iv in g c le r k s __________ M anufacturin g _______________________ 46 26 2. 31 2. 19 T r u c k d r iv e r s 4 __________ _ M anufacturin g _____ N onm anufacturing ___________________ P u b lic u tilitie s 3 _________________ 632 133 499 276 2. 67 2. 34 2. 75 2 .7 3 See fo o tn o te s at end o f table, 6 - - 7 - - 1 - - - - - - - 2 2 ~ 30 30 ~ 4 4 - 28 25 3 82 51 31 1 1 “ 7 7 _ “ _ - 87 60 27 27 47 37 10 7 77 73 4 4 79 67 12 7 113 60 53 49 21 20 1 1 19 17 2 4 4 1 1 4 3 1 10 10 • 1 1 - 4 4 1 1 1 1 16 9 7 - 11 11 ~ 24 24 - 56 56 " 26 17 9 3 159 130 29 3 61 22 39 39 98 1 97 " “ _ " _ “ _ “ _ “ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16 10 6 ~ 85 28 57 18 22 21 1 13 13 13 . “ . - . " . ■ 70 30 j 1 . . ■ ” 1 1 2 2 l 2 2 _ ■ 1 1 _ ■ . " . “ - 1 - 6 6 3 3 64 64 15 15 - 72 " 10 10 . 6 6 18 18 11 11 23 23 2 2 1 * 5 5 2 2 _ _ ■ " 1 12 6 6 21 8 13 8 3 5 13 13 . ■ 6 6 “ 13 12 1 24 24 “ 8 1 7 15 15 “ 8 2 6 _ " 5 1 4 . " 1 - u 11 3 - 10 2 3 3 _ - - 12 11 9 9 16 16 4 4 22 4 13 13 6 6 _ _ _ _ _ - “ " ~ ■ “ 10 10 7 " 1 1 9 9 12 " “ 1 1 _ - 5 5 7 7 5 20 11 11 - 85 24 5 10 9 1 1 70 - 28 10 18 3 - 264 18 246 246 11 - 14 3 - 5 3 9 7 2 2 6 6 2 2 - - - _ _ 14 13 7 2 . 2 2 " _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - 5 — r~ 4 - 25 25 ~ “ 41 22 12 " - - . 10 10 - - 16 - - 35 29 " 16 82 8 " - - - 1 " _ _ _ " " “ _ 5 95 - - - - - - - 5 - 95 Table A-5. Custodial and Material M ovem ent Occupations— Continued (A ve ra ge s tra ig h t-tim e h o u rly earn in gs fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n s studied on an a r e a b a sis by industry d iv isio n , A lbany—Schenectady^-Troy, N .Y ., M a rch 1962) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O c c u p a t io n 1 and in d u s t r y 'd iv is io n Number of workers Average hourly , earnings $ $ $ $ 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 $ 1.40 * 1.50 and under 1.50 1.60 $ 1.60 1.70 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S $ $ 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 T r u c k d r iv e r s 4 — C ontinued T r u c k d r iv e r s , ligh t (under 1 V2 ton s) ___________ __ ____ 35 $2.09 T r u c k d r iv e r s , m e d iu m (lVz to and in clu d in g 4 ton s) ________ ________ __ Mannffl ctu rin g N onm aniifacturin g P u b lic u t i li t ie s 1 3 __________________ 2 159 42 117 108 2.49 2.22 1 2.59 2.67 4 P u b lic u t i li t ie s 3 ___________________ 172 172 168 2.77 2.77 2.77 T r u c k d r iv e r s , heavy (o v e r 4 ton s, oth er than t r a ile r type) —____________ 210 2.87 233 2.26 2.23 _ _ T r u c k d r iv e r s , h ea vy (o v e r 4 ton s, t r a ile r type) _ ____ __ ____ T r u c k e r s , p ow er (fo r k lift) M anufacturin g ______________ 210 W a t c h m e n ________________________________________ 154 M anufacturin g --------------------------------------------N onm anufacturing __________________ _____ 112 42 1.78 1.78 1.63 - - - - - 5 - 5 _ 3, _ 3 3 3 3 5 5 _1 5 1 1 1 .2 _ 4 40 8 8 - - 11 29 29 “ " 4 " - " . 22 10 12 15 15 5 4 1 - 12 12 _ - “ _ 5 8 - - 8 5 24 8 16 - “ ■ _ _ _ - - - - 82 4 78 78 - - “ “ - - - ~ * - " “ ■ ■ 4 9 - - 82 15 - 1 10 10 6 36 66 6 20 12 12 5 5 3 3 _ _ _ 1 - - - - 7 7 16 14 50 50 _ 14 14 20 14 13 20 _ “ 13 13 - _ 168 168 168 4 1 Data lim ite d to m e n w o r k e r s e x c e p t w here oth e rw ise indicated. 2 E x clu d e s p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h o lid a y s, and late sh ifts. 3 T r a n sp o rta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , and other pu b lic u tilitie s. 4 In clu des a ll d r iv e r s r e g a r d le s s o f s iz e and type o f tru ck op erated. 7 7 25 70 6 - 6 12 12 * • " - 5 - 95 - - - - 1 B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-l. Shift Differentials (Shift d iffe r e n t ia ls o f m a n u fa ctu rin g plant w o r k e r s b y type and am ount o f d iffe r e n t ia l, A lban yH S ch enectady—T r o y , N . Y . , M a r c h 1962) P e r c e n t o f m an u factu rin g plant w o r k e r s — In e s ta b lis h m e n ts h avin g fo r m a l p r o v is io n s 1 f o r — Shift d iffe r e n t ia l T ota l __ ___ ___ __ _______________ W ith s h ift p a y d iffe r e n t ia l _ __ _______ ___ __ A c tu a lly w o rk in g on— T h ir d o r o th e r s h ift S e co n d s h ift w o rk T h ir d o r other s h ift w o rk S e co n d sh ift 8 6 .6 7 6 .7 16. 5 7 .3 8 5 .4 7 6 .7 1 5 .9 7 .3 5 1 .4 4 5 .7 9 .3 4 .6 5 c e n ts ___ _____ » ___ __ __ __ 6 ce n ts __ __________ _____ _____ ___ ___ __ __ __ 7 ce n ts __ ___ ___ __ 8 ce n ts __ ____ __ ___ __________ ________ 9 c e n t s ___________________________________ ____ _____ 10 ce n ts 11 ce n ts __ ______ ____ ----- __ __ _______ __ ______ __ 12 ce n ts ____ — _______ 13 ce n ts __ _______________ 13 V3 ce n ts __ _____ _______________ __________ 14 c e n ts ______________________________ ,_____ 15 c e n ts _______ ____________ ___ __ __ 183/4 c e n ts ___ __ __ __ ___ ______ 21 ce n ts ___ . . . ___________________________ O v e r 21 c e n ts ______________________________ 11. 3 .7 - _ - 1. 5 - 1. 5 .4 1. 5 1 .3 .9 .9 .5 .5 1. 5 .2 - 1. 5 7. 1 U n ifo r m p e r c e n ta g e ___________________________ 3 4 .0 31. 0 6. 5 2 .7 5 p e r c e n t ____ __ __ _____ ___ __ __ _ 6 percent __ __ ___ __ __ __ __ 7 V 2 p e r c e n t ______ __ ------ ------------ ----10 p e r c e n t __________________________________ 20 p e r c e n t __________ __ __ _____ __ 3. 2 3 .0 30. 1 .9 1. 1 . 1 . 1 2. 7 " U n ifo r m c e n ts (p e r h o u r) N o s h ift pay d iffe r e n t ia l __ ___________ _________________________ 1 .6 6. 5 6. 5 3 .9 6 .9 3 .4 3. 8 4. 2 1 .6 1 .8 2 6 .0 1. 2 1 In clu d e s e s ta b lis h m e n ts c u r r e n t ly o p e r a tin g la te s h ift s , e v e n though th e y w e r e not c u r r e n t ly o p e r a tin g la te s h ifts . 1 .8 11 . 6 1 .6 9 .1 2 .4 5 .0 3 .8 1 .0 .2 - 5 .2 • 1 .0 .2 1 .4 . 1 .7 .2 . 1 . 1 .8 .6 and e sta b lis h m e n ts w ith fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te s h ifts 13 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for W om en Office W orkers (D is trib u tio n o£ e stablish m en ts studied in a ll in d u strie s and in in du stry d iv isio n s b y m in im u m e n tran ce s a la r y £or s e le c t e d c a t e g o r ie s o£ in e x p e rie n ce d w o m e n o ffic e w o r k e r s , A lb a n y-S ch e n e cta d y—T r o y , N. Y . , M a rch 1962) Other inexperienced clerical workers 1 2 Inexperienced typists Nonmanufacturing Manufacturing Minimum weekly salary 1 A ll Manufacturing A ll industries Based on standard weekly hours 3 ofAll schedules 40 A ll schedules 37 V2 40 Nonmanufacturing Based on standard weekly hours3 ofA ll schedules 40 A ll schedules 37 Vz 40 ------- 102 47 XXX 55 XXX XXX 102 47 XXX 55 XXX XXX Establishments having a specified m in i m u m -------- —— . . . . . 40 19 12 21 9 11 44 20 13 24 10 12 Under $ 4 0 .0 0 _______________________ _______________________ _. _. _____ $ 4 0 . 00 and under $ 4 2 .5 0 _____ $ 4 2 . 50 and under $ 4 5 .0 0 _______ _. . . . $ 4 5 . 00 and under $ 4 7 . 50 _____________ . . __ __ $ 4 7 .5 0 and under $ 50. 00 _ __ __ ______ ._ _____ $ 50. 00 and under $ 52. 50 ________________________________ $ 52. 50 and under $ 55. 00 _ __ _____ . . ------------— _. $ 55. 00 and under $ 57. 50 _ ------— ---------$ 57. 50 and under $ 60. 00 ------ $ 6 0 .0 0 and under $ 62. 50 _____ $ 62. 50 and under $ 6 5 .0 0 ________________________________ $ 65. 00 and under $ 67. 50 ________________________________ $ 67. 50 and under $ 70. 00 _____ ___ ___ __ $ 70. 00 and under $ 72. 50 ________________________________ $ 7 2 . 50 and over _ _____ __ ___ „ „ ____________ _ 1 1 5 3 9 2 4 2 2 1 1 4 2 3 _ _ 1 1 4 2 4 1 3 1 _ 2 1 3 1 1 _ 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 3 1 1 - - - - - - 2 2 - 1 2 1 _ 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 _ 1 1 1 1 3 1 - 1 1 2 2 1 _ 2 2 3 2 1 4 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 6 1 3 1 - 1 2 1 4 4 9 1 5 2 4 1 1 4 2 3 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 _ 1 1 2 1 - 1 2 2 1 - 2 2 18 12 XXX 6 XXX XXX 16 11 XX X 5 XX X XX X 44 16 XXX 28 XX X XXX 42 16 XXX 26 XXX XXX Establishments studied __ _ __ ----- ----------------- Establishments having no specified minimum ------ - - - - Establishments which did not employ workers g y 1 L o w e s t s a la r y ra te f o r m a lly e s ta b lis h e d fo r h irin g in e x p e rie n ce d w o r k e r s fo r typing o r o th e r c le r i c a l jo b s . 2 R a tes a p p lic a b le to m e s s e n g e r s , o f fic e g ir ls , o r s im ila r s u b c le r ic a l jo b s a re not c o n s id e r e d . 3 H ours r e fle c t the w o rk w e e k f o r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th eir r e g u la r s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s . D ata a re p r e s e n te d fo r a ll w ork w eek s com b in ed , and fo r the m o s t c o m m o n w ork w eek s r e p o rte d . 14 Table B-3. Scheduled W eekly Hours (P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n o f o f fic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u strie s and in industry d iv isio n s by sch edu led w e e k ly hou rs o f f ir s t -s h if t w o r k e r s , A lbany—Sch en ectady—T r o y , N . Y . , M arch 1962) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS W eek ly h ours All industries 1 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 1 _ — 100 100 100 U nder 37 1/2 h ou rs -------------- ----------------------------37V2 h ou rs ______ ___ __ __ -----------------------O v er 37 V2 and under 40 h ou rs ------------------------40 h ou rs ____ __ __ ------- -----------------------O v er 40 and under 44 h ou rs __ ________________ 44 hou rs ______ __ __ __ __ __ — _ -------------O ver 44 and under 48 h ours __ -----------------------48 h ou rs and o v e r _____ __ ____________________ 2 37 4 56 - 1 13 9 76 - 4 72 24 - A il w o r k e r s 1 2 3 4 ___________ _____ _________ 0 (4 ) All industries 34 Manufacturing 100 1 1 10 3 77 (4 ) 2 3 2 Inclu des data f o r w h o le s a le tra d e ; r e ta il tra d e ; fin a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te ; and s e r v ic e s in addition to those in du stry d iv ision s show n s e p a r a te ly . T r a n sp o rta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , and oth er pu b lic u t ilitie s . Inclu des data f o r w h o le s a le tr a d e , re ta il tr a d e , r e a l e s ta te , and s e r v ic e s in add ition to those in d u stry d iv isio n s shown se p a ra te ly. L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t. 100 Public utilities 2 100 J 6 5 82 2 3 98 2 Table B-4. Paid Holidays (P e r c e n t d istribu tion o f o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u strie s and in in du stry d iv is io n s by num ber o f paid h olid ays p ro vid e d annually, A lban y-S ch en ecta d y—T r o y , N .Y ., M a rch 1962) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS Item All industries1 A ll w o r k e r s ------------------------------------------------------------------------ W o r k e r s in es ta b lis h m e n ts p ro v id in g paid h olid a y s --------- ---------------------------------------- — W o r k e r s in esta b lis h m e n ts p ro v id in g „ „ paid h o l i d a y s ---------------------------------------------------------- Public utilities2 Manufacturing 100 100 100 100 1 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 1 ' Number of days L e s s than 6 h olid a ys ----------------------------------------------------6 h olid a ys -------------- __ ------------------------ — -------6 h olid a y s plus 1 h alf day -----------------------------------------6 h olid a ys plug 2 h a lf days _____________________ 7 h olid a ys --------- ------------------7 h olid a y s plus 1 'half day ___________________________ 7 h olid a ys plus 2 h alf days — _ ----------------8 h olid a y s ________ ,___ ^______ ______________________ 8 h olid a y s plus 1 h alf day ---------------------------- ;----9 h olid a ys -------------------------------------------------------------10 h olid a y s _________ ________________ _________ 11 h olid a ys ______________________________________ 12 h olid a y s _ — __ — — -------------------- 2 20 £ ) (4 ) 19 (4 ) 5 23 (4 ) 8 (4 ) 21 j 36 1 2 38 (4) (4 ) - 18 55 6 22 1 1 32 1 3 23 1 4 1 4 (4) 1 41 42 78 79 99 100 100 100 55 55 55 73 73 73 73 92 92 100 100 100 100 . 4 4 4 8 9 35 36 70 71 94 98 99 99 21 0 (4 ) 8 18 - 1 9 2 2 43 2 5 34 1 1 (4 ) - 25 33 ( !) (4 ) 2 3 41 43 89 91 99 100 100 100 33 33 33 69 59 59 59 92 92 100 100 100 100 8 33 - 1 Total holiday time5 12 days ___________________________________________ 11 o r m o r e days ________________________________ 10 o r m o r e days ________________________________ 9 V2 o r m o r e days _______________________________ 9 o r m o r e days _________ _____ _______ ______________ 8 V2 o r m o r e d a y s _______________________________ 8 o r m o r e days ___________ _____ _______ ___ 7 V2 o r m o r e days _______________________________ 7 o r m o r e days _____ _____ ______ ________ — 6 V2 o r m o r e days _______________________________ 6 o r m o r e days J,, .. ., 5 o r m o r e days _ ___ __ _ __ --------------- _ 4 o r m o r e days __________________________________ 3 o r m o r e days ____________________________ ___ * 2 3 4 5 no h a lf 1 22 22 22 30 31 58 58 78 78 98 99 99 100 In clu d es data f o r w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e ta il tra d e ; finance, in su ran ce, and r e a l e sta te ; and s e r v ic e s in addition to those in du stry d iv isio n s shown sep a ra tely. T r a n sp o rta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , and other p u b lic u tilitie s. In clu d es data f o r w h o le s a le tra d e , r e ta il trade, re a l estate, and s e r v ic e s in addition to th ose in du stry d iv isio n s show n se p a ra te ly . L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t. A ll com b in a tio n s o f fu ll and h alf days that add to the sam e amount are com b in ed ; fo r exam ple, the p r o p o r tio n o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g a total o f 7 days includ es those w ith 7 fu ll days and d ays, 6 fu ll days and 2 h alf d ays, 5 fu ll days and 4 h alf days, and so on. P r o p o r tio n s w e re then cum ulated. 16 Table B-5. Paid Vacations (P e r c e n t d is trib u tio n o f o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u strie s and in in du stry d iv isio n s by v a ca tion pay p r o v is io n s , A lb a n y-S ch en ecta d y—T r o y , N .Y ., M arch 1962) PLANT WORKER8 OFFICE WORKERS V a ca tio n p o lic y All industries1 A llw o r k e r s _____________________________________ Manufacturing Public utilities2 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities2 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 1 - 100 99 1 - 100 100 - 100 88 8 1 2 100 82 13 2 3 100 100 - - “ M eth od o f p a y m e n t W o r k e r s in esta b lish m e n ts p ro vid in g paid va ca tion s ____ ________ _______ ____ ____ ___ L e n g th -o f-tim e paym ent ------------------------------P e r c e n ta g e paym ent ------------------------------------F la t -s u m paym ent ____ ____ __ ____________—— O ther ___________ ___ ____ ..._______________ ___ W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts p ro vid in g no paid vacation s __ _____ ________ __________— A m oun t o f v a c a tio n p a y 4 A fte r 6 m onths o f s e r v ic e U nder 1 w eek ____________________________________ 1 w eek _____ _ __ __ __ ___ __ ___ ____ _ __ _____ __ _____ _ _ O ver 1 and under 2 w ee k s __ ____ __ _ 2 w eek s _ _ ___ ___ ___ 5 44 9 3 3 44 9 - _ 60 18 - 5 19 9 - 8 16 6 - _ 35 25 - _ 15 84 1 _ 9 89 - _ 22 78 - 2 67 1 29 (5) 3 72 2 22 1 _ 40 60 - _ 5 3 91 1 ( 5) _ 5 2 91 _ 3 18 80 2 32 26 38 3 35 35 23 - - - - 1 - 2 3 _ 19 15 65 _ - 1 1 96 2 2 2 93 3 1 99 - 10 32 55 3 9 47 39 5 2 2 96 - 1 (5) 96 1 1 2 1 95 3 - 10 31 56 3 - 9 46 41 5 - 2 2 96 _ - 4 2 85 2 6 2 3 85 4 5 _ 100 A fter 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e U nder 1 w eek _ ____ _ _ _______ ______ 1 w eek ________ ____ ____ __ ___ _ __ . O v er 1 and under 2 w eek s ______ _______________ 2 w eek s ________ __ __ __ _____ ____ O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s __ ____ ____ ________ __ A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e Under 1 w eek _ __ ____________________ „ _____ 1 w eek --------- ---------------- -------- ------------------------- O v er 1 and under 2 w eeks __ ___ ______ _ __ 2 w eek s _________ _______________ _ __ _____ O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s ______________________ 3 w eek s ___________ __ __________ _______ — A fter 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek ___________________________________________ O ver 1 and under 2 w eek s _____ _____ ______ 2 w eeks ______ ____ __ _. _r_lm ___ ____________ 3 w eek s ___ _________ _ __ ___ ___ ___ _ ___ - A fter 4 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek _ _________ ___ ____ _ __ --- ------O ver 1 and under 2 w ee k s ______________________ 2 w eek s ____________________________ _____________ 3 w eek s ______ ___ ___ ___ ___ ________ ________ O ver 3 and under 4 w eek s ___ _________________ 1 99 - - A fter 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek ___________________________________________ O v er 1 and under 2 w eek s _________ *___________ 2 w eek s . .... __ O v er 2 and under 3 w eeks ______________________ 3 w eeks O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks ______________________ 4 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------- See footn ote s at end o f table, (5) (5) 94 3 2 1 “ 92 4 4 _ 100 - - - “ (5) - - ( 5) . _ _ _ _ - 17 Tabic B-5. Paid Vacations— Continued (P e r c e n t distrib u tion o f o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u strie s and in in d u stry d iv is io n s by v a ca tion pay p r o v is io n s , A lban y*-S ch en ecta dy-T roy, N .Y ., M a r c h 1962) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS V a ca tio n p o lic y All industries1 A m ou n t o f v a c a tio n p a y 4 — Manufacturing Public utilities2 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities2 C o n t in u e d A fte r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------------------------___ __ __ ------ ------ — ~ ~ 2 w eek s O v er 2 and under 3 w ee k s --------------3 w eek s _ _ __ __ . . . . . . . . ------— 4 w eek s ----------------------------------------------------------------- (5) 72 4 22 1 (5) 56 7 37 - 80 20 - 3 59 9 29 (5) 2 57 14 27 (5) . 62 38 - (5) 51 24 24 1 ( 5) 26 34 40 - _ 80 20 " 3 40 26 30 (5) 2 31 39 28 ( 5) _ 62 38 - (5) 19 79 1 (5) 11 88 1 _ 5 95 - 3 18 5 71 2 2 14 8 71 2 2 (5) 99 - (5) 15 70 _ 15 (5) 11 63 26 _ 5 95 (5) 3 15 4 60 3 2 11 6 61 5 16 (5) 91 _ 8 (5) 15 _ 20 2 63 (5) 11 21 3 65 A fte r 12 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek ____ ___ _____ _ 2 w eek s — _ _____ . _ O v er 2 and under 3 w ee k s 3 w eek s — ... 4 w eek s ___ — _____ . . . ------- ._ . .. . . - -----— _ ...... .. — ... . ..... . . . ... A fte r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek ___ ... — ..... . ... — .... ___ . . . . -----. . . . -----— 2 w eek s O v er 2 and under 3 w ee k s _____ — -------- — 3 w eek s ___________________________________________ O v er 3 and under 4 w e e k s ___ ____ ___ __________ 4 w eek s ------------------------------ ------------------------- ------- 1 _ A fte r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek ------------------------------------------------------------------__________ ___ __ _____ . . — . . . . ----2 w eek s O v er 2 and under 3 w e e k s ____ _ __ ------ ----3 w eek s __ __ — . . . _ — ------ _. — O v er 3 and under 4 w e e k s _______ ______________ 4 w eek s ----------------------------------------------------------------- 16 . A fte r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek _______ _______________ __ _____ _____________ - - __ - __ 2 w eeks . . . . . __ _____ . . . . . . — O v er 2 and under 3 w ee k s ___ _____________ __ . . . 3 w eek s ___________________________________________ O ver 3 and under 4 w e e k s ---------------------------------- 1 2 3 4 s e r v ic e 5 _ 5 23 - 73 3 15 1 29 4 49 In clu d es data fo r w h o le s a le tr a d e ; re ta il trade; fin a n ce, in su ran ce, and r e a l e sta te ; and s e r v ic e s in addition to those in du stry d iv isio n s show n sep a ra tely . T r a n sp o rta tio n , c o m m u n ica tio n , and oth er pu b lic u tilitie s. In clu d es data f o r w h o le s a le tra d e , re ta il trad e, r e a l estate, and s e r v ic e s in add ition to those in d u stry d iv isio n s show n se p a ra te ly . P e r io d s o f s e r v ic e w e r e a r b it r a r ily ch o s e n and do not n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t the individual p r o v is io n s fo r p r o g r e s s io n s . F o r exa m p le, the changes in p r o p o r tio n s includ e ch an ges in p r o v is io n s o c c u r r in g betw een 5 and 10 y e a rs . L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t. N O T E : In to an equivalent the tabulations o f v a ca tio n allo w a n ce s by y e a rs o f s e r v ic e , paym ents oth er than "len gth o f t im e ," such tim e b a s is ; f o r e x a m p le , a paym ent o f 2 p e rce n t o f annual earn in gs w as c o n s id e r e d as 1 w e e k 's pay. . 2 11 2 28 6 52 (5) 36 - 64 in d ica ted as p e rce n ta g e o f annualea rn in gs o r fla t -s u m paym ents, w ere at 10 y e a r s ’ con v erted 18 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans {P e r c e n t o f o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in all in d u strie s and in in d u stry d iv isio n s e m p lo y e d in esta b lish m en ts p rov id in g health, in su ra n ce , o r p en sion b e n e fits , A lb a n y -S ch e n e c ta d y -T r o y , N .Y ., M a rch 1962) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS T yp e o f b en efit All industries1 100 97 98 98 53 67 59 L ife in su ra n ce ___ _ _ . . __ . ___ . . . A cc id e n ta l death and d is m e m b e rm e n t in su ra n ce . . . . . . _ ___ . . . . __ S ick n ess and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce o r s ic k lea ve o r b o th 4 _ _ . . . ___ _ _ . ... _ __ _ All industries 3 100 100 _ Public utilities1 23 100 ---------- _ A ll w o r k e r s Manufacturing Manufacturing Public utilities2 100 100 95 99 100 55 65 44 71 W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts p r o v id in g : 93 89 98 75 83 S ick n ess and a ccid e n t in su ra n ce _______ S ick lea v e (fu ll pay and no w aiting p e r io d ) _________________________ S ick lea v e (p a rtia l pay o r w aiting p e r i o d ) _________ ,_______________ 44 61 5 58 75 12 82 81 95 10 1 26 3 2 3 10 6 33 H osp ita liz a tio n in su ra n ce __________________ S u r g ic a l in su ra n ce . . . . . . . ___ . . . . . M ed ica l in su ra n ce _ . . . . . C ata stroph e in su ra n ce __ _ _ _ __ . __ . . — R etirem en t p e n sio n No health, in s u ra n ce , o r p e n sio n plan __ _ 91 91 60 69 83 1 88 88 66 53 92 2 95 95 95 92 75 92 92 55 40 77 3 99 99 61 38 89 89 89 89 83 71 1 Inclu des data fo r w h o le s a le tra d e ; r e ta il tra d e ; fin a n ce , in su ra n ce , and r e a l e sta te ; and s e r v ic e s in addition to those industry d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly . 2 T ra n sp o rta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , and oth er p u b lic u tilitie s . 3 Inclu des data fo r w h o le s a le tra d e , r e ta il tra d e , r e a l e sta te , and s e r v ic e s in addition to those in du stry d iv isio n s shown separately. 4 U nduplicated total o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ic k leave o r s ick n e s s and accid e n t in su ran ce show n s e p a ra te ly below . Sick leave plans a re lim ite d to th ose w h ich d e fin ite ly e s ta b lis h at le a s t the m in im u m num ber o f days' pay that can be e x p e c te d by e a ch e m p lo y e e . In fo rm a l s ic k leave a llo w a n ce s determ in ed on an individual b a s is a r e ex clu d ed . Appendix A : Changes in Occupational D escriptions stead of two (class A and B). The revised description for keypunch operator groups these workers into two defined classes (A and B) instead of a single category. Previously data were presented separately for general stenographers and technical stenographers. The revision combines general stenographers, with more responsible duties, and technical stenographers to form a new senior stenographer category; other general stenographers are maintained in that classification. Since the Bureau’ s last survey in this area, occupational descriptions for three office jobs were revised in order to obtain salary information for more sp ecific categories. Therefore, data presented for these jobs in table A -l are not comparable to data presented in last year’ s bulletin. Revisions were made in the descriptions for file clerks, key punch operators, and stenographers. The revised description for file clerk groups these workers into three levels (class A, B, and Q in The revised occupational descriptions used this year are in cluded in appendix B. 19 Appendix B : Occupalional D escriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from t(ips? in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are in structed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type o f machine, as follows: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. Class A—Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, bal ance sheets, and other records by hand. Biller, machine (billing machine)—Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede termined discounts and shipping charges and entry o f necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Class B—Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge o f basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine)—U ses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers’ bills as part o f the accounts receivable operation. Generally in volves the simultaneous entry o f figures on customers’ ledger rec ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A—Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase o f an establish ment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts 21 22 CLERK, ACCOUNTING—Continued payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper ac counting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting and closing journal entries; and may direct class B ac counting clerks. Class B—Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or ac counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers con trolled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and book keeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, FILE Class A—In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records of various types in con junction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks. Class B—Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by sim ple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files. Class C—Performs routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classification system (e.g.., alphabetical, chronological, or numer ical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Per forms simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. CLERK, ORDER Receives customers9orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities o f items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt o f orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers9 earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, work ing days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and dis tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that o f statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use o f a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. 23 KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Class A—Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu ments to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but in addition, work requires application of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators. Class 5 —Under close supervision or following specific proce dures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or com bination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, etc., are referred to supervisor. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, opera ting minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and dis tributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and SECRETARY—-Continued making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; and taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary; and transcribe dictation. May also type horn written copy. May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine operator.) STENOGRAPHER, SENIOR Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a var ied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc. OR Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evi denced by the following: Work requires high degree of stenographer speed and accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge o f general busi ness and office procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining followup files; assembling material for reports, memorandums, letters, etc.; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. 24 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOft-Contiritied Class C—Operates simple tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the sorter* reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include Simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sortihg dr collating runs or re petitive operations. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single posi tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part o f this workers time while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Class A—Operates a variety o f tabulating or electrical ac counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs com plete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports, Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision o f the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. Class B—Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wir ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal rou tine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies o f various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. Class A—Performs one or more o f the following: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; and planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. Class fi—Performs one or more o f the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing o f forms, insurance pol icies, etc.; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. 25 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR-Continued DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perforih other duties under direction of a draftsman. completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quan tities; writing specifications; and making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, elec trical, mechanical, or structural drafting. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep aration o f working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; and per forming more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during emer gencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use o f drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength o f materials, beams and trusses; verifying A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combina tion o f the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees’ injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw ings and do simple lettering. MAINTENANCE AND POWERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE-Continued Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made o f wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out o f work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance car penter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 26 ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, dis tribution, or utilization o f electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay out, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the elec trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts o f a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or ch ief engineers in establish• ments employing more than one engineer are excluded. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to rec ognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fire stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; and checks water and safety valve. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety o f ma chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close toler ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds o f machining; knowledge of the working 27 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE-Continued MILLWRIGHT properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety o f handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing o f equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experi ence in die trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es tablishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the auto motive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechan ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dis mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a re placement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production o f parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In gen eral, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. OILER Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces o f mechanical equipment of an establishment. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work o f the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from draw ings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings 28 PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE—Continued SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE-Continued and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relat ing to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general the work of die maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or beating systems are excluded. types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, die work o f the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker) PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine* guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and lay ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out o f work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas uring instruments, understanding o f the working properties o f common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating o f metal parts during fabrication as well as o f finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appro priate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER GUARD Transports passengers between floors of an office building apartment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f employees and other persons entering. 29 JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER PACKER, SHIPPING (Sweeper; charwomen; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte nance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Work ers who specialize in window washing are excluded. Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number o f units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge o f various items o f stock in order to verify content; selection o f appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the follow ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices} unpacking, shelv ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheel barrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Ship ping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file o f shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or directing others in verifying the correct ness o f shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchan dise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files. Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, cus tomers9 orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform dther related duties. Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk 30 TRUCKDRIVER TRUCKER, POWER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers9 houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination o f sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1% tons) Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. * U S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1982 0 — 645065