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J -* < 3 .' 3 ✓ O ccu p a tio n a l EmpSoyment 9 nance, and S®rwD©©s DOCUMENT COLLECTION U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics February 1984 Bulletin 2186 FEB 2 8 1984 Dayton & Monigu»<»ery Co. Public Library Occupational Empiofmsont ddh Miowgjs, 0®nitry©ti(Q)Big Fidaon®®, loud S©rwo©(§§ U.S. Department of Labor Raymond J. Donovan, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner February 1984 Bulletin 2186 F o r sale by th e S u p erin ten d en t of D ocum ents, U.S. G overnm ent P rin tin g Office, W ashington, D.C. 20402 F r © fa @ @ This bulletin provides data from a 1981 survey o f oc cupational employment in mining; construction; finance, insurance, and real estate; and selected services industries. (Occupational employment data from a 1980 survey of hospitals are also included; see appendix B.) Earlier surveys of selected nonmanufacturing industries were conducted in 1973, 1975, and 1978. Results of the 1978 survey were published in Bulletin 2088, Occupa tional Employment in Selected Nonmanufacturing In dustries. Remaining nonmanufacturing industries were surveyed in 1979 and results were published in Bulletin 2116, Occupational Employment in Transportation, Communications, Utilities, and Trade. Surveys o f the manufacturing sector were conducted in 1971, 1974, 1977, and 1980. Results of the 1977 and 1980 surveys were published in Bulletins 2057 and 2133, respectively, Occupational Employment in Manufactur ing Industries. These periodic surveys are part of a Federal-State cooperative program of occupational employment statistics ( o e s ). The o e s program provides information for many data users, including individuals and organizations engaged in planning vocational education programs, training programs supported by the Job Training Partnership Act, and higher education, o e s data also are used to prepare information for career counseling, for job placement activities performed at State employment security offices, and for personnel planning and market research conducted by private enterprises. This bulletin was prepared in the Office of Employ ment and Unemployment Statistics, Division o f Oc cupational and Administrative Statistics, by Wanda L. Bland under the direction of Linda P. Hardy. John Shew and Barbara L. Keitt provided data processing support. Typing assistance was provided by Minnie L. Dickerson. Material in the publication is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduc ed without permission. ■ Page Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 1 Sum m ary........................................................................................................................................... 3 M in in g ............................................................................................................................................... Mining, except oil and gas extraction..................................................................................... Oil and gas extraction............................................................................................................... 6 6 6 C onstruction..................................................................................................................................... General building contractors................................................................................................... Heavy construction contractors............................................................................................... Special trade co n tracto rs......................................................................................................... 21 21 21 22 Finance, insurance, and real e sta te ................................................................................................. Banks and credit agencies......................................................................................................... Security and commodity brokers’and investment services.................................................... Insurance and real e s ta te ......................................................................................................... 35 35 35 36 Services................................................. . . . . ....................................................................................... Hotels and other lodging places............................................................................................... Personal services....................................................................................................................... Business services....................................................................................................................... Automotive repair, services, and garages............................................................................... Miscellaneous repair services................................................................................................... Motion pictures......................................................................................................................... Amusement and recreation services, except motion pictures................................................ Health services, except hospitals............................................................................................. Legal services............................................................................................................................. Social services.......... ...................................................................................................... Museums and bdtanical and zoological g ard en s................................................................... Membership organizations, except religious organizations.................................................. Miscellaneous services............................................................................................................. 53 53 53 53 54 54 54 54 55 55 55 56 56 56 Tables: 1. Employment in selected nonmanufacturing industries, 1981........................................ 2. Employment in selected nonmanufacturing industries by major occupational group, 1981....................................................................................................................... 3. Percent distribution of employment in selected nonmanufacturing industries by major occupational group, 1981 ........................... ....................................................... 5 Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations: 4. Mining, except oil and gas extraction, May 1981........................................................... 5. Metal mining, May 1981-................................................................................................... 6. Bituminous coal and lignite mining, June 1981 .............................................................. 7. Mining and quarrying of nonmetallic minerals except fuels, May 1981........................ 8. Oil and gas extraction, May 1981..................................................................................... 7 10 12 15 18 v 4 5 C @ in iit< § iiits — C @ in t l n u ® d l Page 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. Construction, May 1 9 8 1 ........................................................................................................ General building contractors, May 1981.............................................................................. Heavy construction contractors, May 1981 ........................................................................ Special trade contractors, May 1 9 8 1 .................................................................................... Banking, May 1 9 8 1 .................................................................................................................. Credit agencies, except banks, May 1981 ............................................................................ Security and commodity brokers and services, June 1981................................................. Holding and other investment offices, June 1981 ............................................................. Insurance carriers, May 1 9 8 1 ................................................................................................. Insurance agents, brokers, and services, May 1 9 8 1 ........................................................... Real estate, May 1 9 8 1 ............................................................................................................. Combined real estate, insurance, loan, and law offices, May 1 9 8 1 ................................ Hotels and other lodging places, May 1981......................................................................... Personal services, May 1981................................................................................................... Business services, June 1981................................................................................................... Automotive repair, services, and garages, May 1981......................................................... Miscellaneous repair services, June 1981.............................................................................. Motion pictures, April 1 9 8 1 ................................................................................................... Amusement and recreation services, except motion pictures, April 1981..................... Health services, except hospitals, May 1981........................................................................ Legal services, June 1981 ....................................................................................................... Social services, May 1 9 8 1 ........................................................................................................ Museums and botanical and zoological gardens, April 1981 ......................................... Membership organizations, except religious organizations, April 1981 ....................... Miscellaneous services, June 1 9 8 1 ......................................................................................... 23 26 29 32 37 39 41 43 45 48 50 52 57 59 62 65 67 69 71 74 76 77 80 81 84 Appendixes: A. Survey methods and reliability of estimates.......................................................................... B. Occupational employment in hospitals, April 1980............................................................. C. OES survey data available from State agencies.................................................................... 87 90 94 vi n tr o d u c tio n The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) sur vey is designed to collect data on occupational employ ment of wage and salary workers by industry in nonagricultural establishments. The Bureau of Labor Sta tistics provides the procedures and technical assistance for the survey, State employment security agencies col lect the data, and the Employment and Training Ad ministration provides administrative support. In 1981, 48 States and the District of Columbia participated in the survey compared with 43 States in 1978, 29 States in 1975, and 22 in 1973. BLS conducted a supplemental survey in 1981, with the financial aid of the National Science Foundation, to collect data in the nonpar ticipating States and to develop national estimates. This bulletin presents national data only. Data on oc cupational employment in each participating State are available from the State employment security agencies (appendix B). ©©©ypgifcngil aodl industrial classification The OES classification system combines two widely used systems—the Dictionary o f Occupational Titles (DOT) and the system used for the 1970 Census of Population. Occupational titles and descriptions in the survey are based primarily on the Dictionary o f Occu pational Titles.' The DO T was used to develop the defi nitions of occupations because it is the most detailed classification available. Summary categories and re sidual groups generally follow the categories used in the 1970 Census. ‘Crosswalks’ have been developed be tween the two systems so that users may integrate OES data with data from sources using the Census classification. The industrial classification system is that described in the 1972 edition of the Standard Industrial Classifi cation Manual,1 whereby reporting establishments are classified into industries on the basis of major product or activity. S tu r w e y p r® (g (§ d ]y r(is An establishment is an economic unit which produces goods or services. Generally, it is at a single physical location and is engaged predominantly in one type of economic activity. Where a single physical location en compasses two or more distinct activities, these are treated as separate establishments if separate payroll records are available and certain other criteria are met. Employment includes full- and part-time workers; workers on paid vacations or other types of leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences (i.e., illness, bad weather, temporary layoff, jury duty); salaried officers, executives, and staff of incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned to other units; and employees for whom that unit is their permanent (home) duty station, regardless of whether the unit prepares their paycheck. Excluded from coverage are proprietors (owners and partners of unincorporated firms), self-employed, un paid family workers, and workers on extended leave (i.e., pensioners and members of the Armed Forces). Occupation refers to the occupation in which employ ees are working rather than the occupation for which The survey is conducted over a 3-year cycle; manu facturing industries are surveyed in one year and non manufacturing industries in the other two years. Data are collected from a sample of establishments primarily by mail; telephone followups and personal visits are made when an establishment response is critical to the survey. The survey is based on a probability sample, stratified by industry and size of employment, designed to represent the total or “universe” of establishments covered by the survey. Data are requested for the pay period including the 12th of the reference month, which is standard for all Federal agencies collecting employ ment data. The reference month for the 1981 survey was April, May, or June (appendix A). For the 1981 survey, 19 separate questionnaires were used, each having detailed occupations related specifically to a particular industry’s activity. For example, “ claims clerk” was surveyed in only one industry—insurance. Cross-industry estimates, there fore, cannot be developed for most detailed oc cupations because not all detailed occupations were included on every survey questionnaire. This bulletin presents cross-industry data for major occupational groups. 1Dictionary o f Occupational Titles, fourth edition (U.S. Employment Service, U.S. Department o f Labor, 1977.) 2Standard Industrial Classification Manual (Office o f Management and Budget, Executive Office o f the President, 1972), as amended in Supplement, 1977. 1 organizations (sic 866).3 Data are presented for each in dustry under the following headings: Employment^ percent o f total employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting the occupation. Employment is based upon survey results adjusted to reflect total industry employment. The percent o f total employment refers to total employment in the industry. Relative error measures the level of confidence to be placed on each estimate. The percent of establishments reporting a particular occupation indicates the fre quency o f occurrence of the occupation. Occupations with fewer than 50 workers, or with less then 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are not shown separately but are included in the appropriate residual categories. Employment is rounded to the nearest ten. The relative error and the percent of respondents reporting the occupation are rounded to the nearest whole per cent. The percent of total employment was computed from rounded employment data. they may have been trained. For example, an employee trained as an engineer but working as a drafter is reported as a drafter. Working supervisors (those spending 20 percent or more of their time at work similar to that done by workers under their supervision) are reported in the oc cupation most closely related to their work. Part-time workers, learners, and apprentices are reported in the occupation in which they ordinarily work. Multiple jobholders (employees who perform the duties o f two or more occupations in an establishment) are reported in the occupation that requires the highest level of skill or in the occupation where the most time is spent if there is no measurable difference in skill requirements. A more detailed statement describing the survey is presented in appendix A. Data presented This bulletin presents occupational employment for 2-digit sic industries. However, health services (sic 80) excludes data for hospitals (sic 806), and membership organizations (Sic 86) excludes data for religious 3 1980 data for hospitals are presented in appendix B. Additional occupational - employment data at the more detailed 3-digit SIC level are available upon re quest from the Office o f Employment and Unemployment Statistics. Definitions for all occupations surveyed are also available upon request. 2 S u m m a ry million, accounting for nearly 13 percent o f the employ ment covered by this survey. The largest concentrations o f professional workers were found in health services (except hospitals), miscellaneous services, and business services. In 1981, employment in the selected nonmanufactur ing industries covered by this survey was approximately 23.8 million, or more than one-fourth of all nonagricultural wage and salary employment in the Nation. As shown in table 1, 55 percent of the workers were employed in service industries, such as business services and health services. Finance, insurance, and real estate employed 5.3 million workers or 22 percent. Construc tion and mining, with 4.2 million and 1.1 million workers, respectively, accounted for the remaining employment. For the survey, workers were classified into seven ma jor occupational groups: Managers and officers; profes sional workers; technical workers; service workers; maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers; clerical workers; and sales workers. Employment in these occupational groups is summarized below. Tables 2 and 3 present the distribu tion among the various industries surveyed. Occupa tional employment in each major industry group is discussed in subsequent sections, which also present data by industry segment (two-digit sic). Technical workers Technical workers utilize knowledge o f fundamental scientific, engineering, mathematical, computer pro gramming, or drafting principles. This knowledge is ac quired through study at technical schools and junior colleges, through other formal post-high school training less extensive than a 4-year college course, or through equivalent on-the-job training or experience. More than 1 million technical workers were employed in the surveyed industries in 1981 or 4 percent of all workers employed in these industries. Forty-six percent o f the technical workers surveyed were in health services (ex clu d in g h o sp ita ls); b u sin ess services and miscellaneous services each accounted for 18 percent. Service workers Persons employed in this occupational group perform services for individuals or establishments. Service workers protect individuals and property, prepare and serve food and beverages, and clean interiors and equip ment of buildings, offices, stores, and similar places. Service workers ranked third among the seven major occupational groups, with 4.1 million workers or 17 per cent of the employment covered by the survey. Nearly three-fifths o f these workers were employed in health services (except hospitals), business services, and hotels and other lodging places. fianagers and officers Persons holding positions as managers and officers are primarily concerned with the policymaking, plan ning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling ac tivities common to many types o f organizations. Also included are persons responsible for the operation of an enterprise or establishment (usually small scale) in which they may engage, in part, in the same activities as the workers they supervise. In the nonmanufacturing industries surveyed in 1981, managers and officers numbered 2.7 million, represent ing 11 percent of employment. The following industries, in order of predominance, were the largest employers of managers and officers: Construction; insurance and real estate; and banks and credit agencies. Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers This occupational group includes all skilled, semiskilled, and unskilled workers performing machine and manual tasks. Ranking second of the seven major groups, this oc cupational group included 5.9 million workers or onefourth o f surveyed employment in 1981. More than half of these workers were employed in the construction industry. Professional workers Persons employed in professional positions usually deal with the theoretical or practical aspects of fields such as science, engineering, technical work, art, educa tion, medicine, law, and business relations. Most of these occupations require substantial educational preparation, usually at the university level. In 1981, professional workers numbered just over 3 Clerical workers Persons in this occupational group are either office clerical workers or plant clerical workers. Office clerical 3 Salas w®rSt@rs workers prepare, transcribe, transfer, systematize, and preserve written communications and records, as well as collect accounts and distribute information. Plant clerical workers plan, coordinate, or expedite produc tion and the flow o f work. These workers are also in volved in the clerical aspects o f receiving, storing, issu ing, or shipping o f materials, merchandise, supplies, or equipment. The largest of the seven major occupational groups in the industries surveyed, clerical workers numbered over 6.2 million in 1981 or 26 percent of total employment. Banks and credit agencies employed one-fourth of these workers; large concentrations o f clerical workers were also found in insurance and real estate, and in the business services industry. Sales workers include sales representatives and sales clerks. Sales representatives (also called sales agents or sales associates) utilize specific knowledge of the com modity or service being sold. Sales clerks sell any o f a large variety of goods or services, and usually only re quire familiarity with the pricing o f those goods and services. In 1981, sales workers numbered approximately 800,000, representing only 3 percent of the employment covered by this survey. Insurance and real estate employed by far the largest number of sales workers, 48 percent. Business services employed 15 percent, and security and commodity brokers and investment services employed 9 percent. Table 1. Employment in selected nonmanufacturing industries, 1981 Employment Percent of total nonmanufacturing employment Total............................................................. 23,833,590 100.0 Mining, total ........................................................... Mining, except oil and gas extraction ................ Oil and gas extraction......................................... 1,129,710 461,960 667,750 4.7 1.9 2.8 Construction, to ta l.................................................. General building contractors .............................. Heavy construction contractors .......................... Special trade contractors.................................... 4,235,230 1,098,640 934,770 2,201,820 17.8 4.6 3.9 9.2 Finance, insurance, and real estate, total ............ Banks and credit agencies................................. Security and commodity brokers and investment services....................................... Insurance and real estate................................... 5,301,890 2,203,560 22.2 9.2 381,710 2,716,620 1.6 11.4 Services, to ta l......................................................... Hotels and other lodging places......................... Personal services................................................ Business services ............................................... Auto repair, services, and garages..................... Miscellaneous repair services............................ Motion pictures.................................................... Amusement and recreation services, except motion pictures.............................................. Health services, except hospitals....................... Legal services ..................................................... Social services.................................................... Museums and botanical and zoological gardens Membership organizations, except religious organizations ................................................. Miscellaneous services....................................... 13,166,760 1,129,770 905,430 3,263,280 571,160 248,760 213,050 55.2 4.7 3.8 13.7 2.4 1.0 .9 769,770 2,631,910 542,980 1,163,850 33,760 3.2 11.0 2.3 4.9 .1 643,390 1,049,650 2.7 4.4 Industry 4 Table 2. Employment in selected nonmanufacturing industries by major occupational group, 1981 Industry Managers and officers Professional workers Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers Service workers Technical workers Clerical workers Sales workers Total ........................................... 2,712,320 3,009,690 1,022,630 4,128,900 5,910,390 6,249,190 800,600 Mining, except oil and gas extraction Oil and gas extraction........................ Construction ....................................... Banks and credit agencies................ Security and commodity brokers and investment services...................... Insurance and real estate.................. Hotels and other lodging places ....... Personal services .............................. Business services.............................. Auto repair, services, and garages .... Miscellaneous repair services........... Motion pictures .................................. Amusement and recreation services, except motion pictures ................ Health services, except hospitals...... Legal services.................................... Social services................................... Museums and botanical and zoological gardens ....................... Membership organizations, except religious organizations.................. Miscellaneous services...................... 25,000 54,150 447,000 418,420 20,250 91,130 171,230 135,240 7,870 27,660 43,350 16,410 6,060 7,580 36,610 49,420 1 369,970 2 390,490 3,135,510 11,590 31,150 91,660 350,520 1,546,320 1,660 5,080 51,110 26,190 65,770 421,350 76,720 105,200 293,160 85,220 34,300 27,710 54,180 278,790 23,070 46,580 406,530 5,000 5,620 39,630 5,660 33,390 2,520 2,570 187,390 850 15,300 3,310 9,350 258,880 738,310 325,260 856,190 8,330 3,340 56,670 5,040 232,090 90,370 253,110 460,250 370,470 143,600 26,350 169,170 1,110,070 185,690 144,150 936,460 88,720 34,320 45,760 72,590 382,000 13,090 28,560 123,300 12,570 12,280 13,620 64,540 154,420 36,320 120,870 114,270 549,510 206,080 313,170 2,600 466,860 1,430 15,030 339,370 858,460 8,360 381,870 118,070 111,170 320 110,740 104,520 488,060 290,380 211,560 26,400 3,430 90 10,610 3,660 5,420 1,540 10,810 4,390 6,000 1,940 158,690 119,820 122,430 421,560 3,220 185,670 160,840 13,190 23,910 52,950 164,060 250,620 10,240 5,840 1 Includes mining and processing occupations. 2 Includes petroleum and gas production workers. Table 3. Percent distribution of employment in selected nonmanufacturing industries by major occupational group, 1981 Service workers Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers Clerical workers 4.3 17.3 24.8 26.2 3.4 1.7 4.1 1.0 .7 1.3 1.1 .9 2.2 1 80.1 2 58.5 74.0 .5 6.7 13.7 8.3 70.2 .4 .8 1.2 1.2 All occupations Managers and officers Professional workers Total ........................................... 100.0 11.4 12.6 Mining, except oil and gas extraction Oil and gas extraction........................ Construction ....................................... Banks and credit agencies................ Security and commodity brokers and investment services...................... Insurance and real estate.................. Hotels and other lodging places ....... Personal services .............................. Business services.............................. Auto repair, services, and garages .... Miscellaneous repair services........... Motion pictures .................................. Amusement and recreation services, except motion pictures ................ Health services, except hospitals...... Legal services.................................... Social services................................... Museums and botanical and zoological gardens ....................... Membership organizations, except religious organizations.................. Miscellaneous services...................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 5.4 8.1 10.6 19.0 4.4 13.6 4.0 6.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 17.2 15.5 6.8 11.6 9.0 14.9 13.8 13.0 14.2 10.3 2.0 5.1 12.5 .9 2.3 18.6 1.5 1.2 .2 .3 5.7 .1 6.2 1.6 2.4 9.5 65.4 35.9 26.2 1.5 1.3 26.6 1.3 8.5 8.0 28.0 14.1 64.9 57.7 12.4 44.3 40.9 16.4 15.9 28.7 15.5 13.8 21.5 19.0 14.1 1.2 3.2 3.8 2.2 4.9 6.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 8.4 5.9 6.7 10.4 14.8 20.9 38.0 26.9 .3 17.7 .3 1.3 44.1 32.6 1.5 32.8 15.3 4.2 .1 9.5 13.6 18.5 53.5 18.2 3.4 .1 0 .9 100.0 10.8 16.1 4.6 32.0 13.0 17.8 5.7 100.0 100.0 24.7 11.4 19.0 40.2 .5 17.7 25.0 1.3 3.7 5.0 25.5 23.9 1.6 .6 Industry 1 Includes mining and processing occupations. 2 Includes petroleum and gas production workers. Technical workers i 3 Less than 0.5. percent. 5 Sales workers [Miming service workers, 1 percent; and sales workers, only 0.4 percent. The tabulation below lists the five most populous oc cupations in the industry group: This industry division comprises establishments engaged in the extraction o f minerals, liquids, and gases, such as coal, ores, crude petroleum, and natural gas. Mining also includes the exploration and develop ment o f mineral properties; and other preparations customarily done at the mine site, or as part of mining activity. In 1981, mining employed approximately 1.1 million workers or 5 percent o f all workers in the surveyed in dustries. Mining was classified into two major industry groups: Mining, except oil and gas extraction; and oil and gas extraction. Nearly three-fifths o f these workers were employed in oil and gas extraction. Heavy equipment operator Nonworking supervisor .. Truck driver........................ Mine machinery mechanic Welders and flamecutters. Percent o f industry employment 46,570 28,650 25,120 13,900 11,370 10.1 6.2 5.4 3.0 2.5 Oil and gas extraction This industry (sic 13) consists o f establishments engaged in the production o f crude petroleum, natural gas, and cycle condensate, and also includes the recovery o f oil from oil sands and oil shale. In 1981, oil and gas extraction employed 667,750 workers or 59 percent of all workers employed in the mining industry. Most of these workers, 62 percent, were engaged in providing oil and gas field services, such as exploration or drilling. As shown in table 8, the largest occupational group in this industry consisted o f over 390,490 petroleum and gas production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers or 58 per cent of total employment in oil and gas extraction. Clerical workers, totaling 91,660 or 14 percent o f in dustry employment, ranked second of the seven major groups. Also with 14 percent, professional workers numbered 91,130. Managers and officers, totaling 54,150, accounted for 8 percent of employment in oil and gas extraction. The remaining industry employment was distributed as follows: Technical workers, 4 per cent; service workers, 1 percent; and sales workers, 1 percent. The five most populous occupations in oil and gas ex traction are listed in the tabulation below: Mining, except oil and gas extraction Establishments in this industry group (sic’s 10,11,12, and 14) are primarily engaged in metal mining; an thracite mining; bituminous coal and lignite mining; and mining and quarrying o f nonmetallic minerals, ex cept fuels. Of the 461,960 workers employed in this group o f in dustries in 1981, half were engaged in mining bituminous coal and lignite. Twenty-seven percent worked in mining and quarrying o f nonmetallic minerals, except fuels; 23 percent in mining metal; and only 1 percent in mining anthracite (tables 4 through 7). The largest occupational group in mining, except oil and gas extraction, consisted o f mining, processing, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers, numbering 369,970 or fourfifths o f total employment in this industry group. Bituminous coal and lignite mining employed the largest number of these workers, with 193,000 or 52 percent. Clerical workers, the second largest occupational group, numbered 31,150, accounting for 7 percent of employ ment in this industry group. Seventy-four percent of these clerical workers were in office occupations. Managers and officers, numbering 25,000, were the third largest occupational group, with 5 percent of employment in mining, except oil and gas extraction. Bituminous coal and lignite mining employed the largest number of these workers— 10,360 or 41 percent of all managers and officers in this industry group. The re maining employment was distributed as follows: Profes sional workers, 4 percent; technical workers, 2 percent; Employment Roustabout .................................. Rotary drill operator h elper___ Nonworking supervisor............. Secretary......................................... Rotary drill operator................... 6 Employment Percent o f industry employment 90,980 32,950 24,070 22,520 22,490 13.6 4.9 3.6 3.4 3.4 Table 4. Mining, except oil and gas extraction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981 (SIC 10, 11, 12, 14) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T otal............................................................... 461,960 100.00 -- - Managers and officers.............................................. 25,000 5.41 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Chemical engineer............................................. Civil engineer ..................................................... Industrial engineer............................................. Mechanical engineer......................................... Metallurgists and metallurgical engineers......... Mining engineer................................................. Safety engineer.................................................. All other engineers............................................ Chemist .................................................................. Geologists and geophysicists................................ All other natural and mathematical scientists....... Systems analyst, electronic data processing........ Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Lawyer.................................................................... Personnel and labor relations specialists............. All other professional workers............................... 20,250 7,570 210 460 510 520 680 2,870 1,240 1,080 1,030 2,700 220 580 1,670 3,090 420 1,710 1,260 4.38 1.64 .05 .10 .11 .11 .15 .62 .27 .23 .22 .58 .05 .13 .36 .67 .09 .37 .27 n.a. n.a. 9 8 8 8 6 5 5 n.a. 7 5 18 10 5 5 15 4 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 5 5 4 5 18 12 n.a. 7 12 2 3 17 21 2 13 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer.......................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ Surveyor............................................................. Mechanical engineering technician................... Industrial engineering technician....................... Civil engineering technician .............................. All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians............................................... All other technicians.............................................. 7,870 640 4,160 1,370 1,210 120 180 120 1,160 2,300 770 1.70 .14 .90 .30 .26 .03 .04 .03 .25 .50 .17 n.a. 11 n.a. 5 5 16 25 15 n.a. 6 n.a. n.a. 4 n.a. 12 10 1 2 1 n.a. 8 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly .................... All other service workers....................................... 6,060 1,970 2,970 180 420 520 1.31 .43 .64 .04 .09 .11 n.a. 5 6 13 16 n.a. n.a. 13 14 1 2 n.a. Mining, processing, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations.......................................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Diesel mechanic................................................ Engineering equipment mechanic..................... Mine machinery mechanic ................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Auger machine operator ........................................ Blaster, mining and quarrying................................ Bonder and/or w ire r.............................................. Header, bottomer, car dropper and/or eager....... Braker, tra in ........................................................... Brattice builder....................................................... Carpenter ............................................................... Cement mason....................................................... Coal washer........................................................... Continuous mining machine operator.................... Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Cutting machine operator ...................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Dispatcher, mine car ............................................. Dredge operator..................................................... Drier operator, coal or o re ..................................... 369,970 37,960 4,800 4,660 5,160 13,900 7,280 2,160 25,120 260 5,480 380 1,130 1,320 2,180 1,420 680 2,000 7,740 3,620 1,870 1,840 650 1,070 1,630 80.09 8.22 1.04 1.01 1.12 3.01 1.58 .47 5.44 .06 1.19 .08 .24 .29 .47 .31 .15 .43 1.68 .78 .40 .40 .14 .23 .35 n.a. n.a. 6 5 7 6 7 n.a. 3 33 5 16 10 14 7 7 11 12 6 5 13 6 11 7 8 n.a. n.a. 21 18 15 14 14 n.a. 53 1 17 2 3 2 4 7 2 5 6 19 3 7 2 7 6 See footnotes at end of table. 7 Table 4. Mining, except oil and gas extraction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 10, 11, 12, 14) Occupation Mining, processing, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations—Continued Driller, hand ........................................................... Driller, machine ...................................................... Dump operator ....................................................... Electrician............................................................... Fire boss ................................................................ Supervisor, nonworking......................................... Heavy equipment operator .................................... Rigger..................................................................... Hydraulic operator.................................................. Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................ Lamp keeper and/or repairer................................ Loading-machine operator, underground............. Long-wall miner operator ...................................... Long-wall miner operator helper.......................... Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Millwright ................................................................ Dinkey operator...................................................... Oiler ........................................................................ Painter, maintenance............................................. Panelboard operator and/or grinding mill panelboard operator......................................... Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Rock splitter, quarry .............................................. Reagent tender ...................................................... Rock-dust sprayer................................................. Roof bolter............................................................. Shaker tender......................................................... Sheet metal worker ............................................... Shuttle-car operator.............................................. Stationary boiler fire r............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Tipple operator....................................................... Track layer............................................................. Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Surveyor helper...................................................... Belt repairer........................................................... Sampler and/or test preparer ............................... Sawyer, stone......................................................... Separator tender.................................................... Conveyor operator or tender................................. Yard engineer......................................................... Mill and/or grinder operator, minerals .................. Pump operator........................................................ Mixer and/or blender, chemicals and chemical products ........................................................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, total .................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand ............................................. Cashier............................................................... File c le rk............................................................ General office clerk........................................... Mail c le rk ............................................................ Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2,260 8,660 1,040 10,860 1,620 28,650 46,570 380 100 1,640 590 570 7,680 400 990 2,460 7,860 8,070 1,050 1,860 6,220 460 0.49 1.87 .23 2.35 .35 6.20 10.08 .08 .02 .36 .13 .12 1.66 .09 .21 .53 1.70 1.75 .23 .40 1.35 .10 7 8 10 5 8 3 3 18 26 8 15 8 7 17 18 6 6 5 17 10 5 9 9 22 4 17 5 43 67 1 (3) 8 3 4 18 1 1 8 23 18 1 4 21 3 2,560 750 1,350 770 380 1,260 10,950 830 140 11,240 140 660 2,580 1,990 11,370 970 3,760 1,450 350 500 5,160 870 5,800 1,400 .55 .16 .29 .17 .08 .27 2.37 .18 .03 2.43 .03 .14 .56 .43 2.46 .21 .81 .31 .08 .11 1.12 .19 1.26 .30 5 8 9 9 10 12 5 9 28 5 15 12 9 9 4 7 8 9 12 12 5 10 3 8 12 2 2 3 2 2 7 3 1 7 1 2 8 4 32 7 5 7 2 2 20 2 21 5 370 6,310 17,050 42,670 .08 1.37 3.69 9.24 12 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. 31,150 23,070 300 620 580 70 480 2,200 1,290 70 530 4,370 160 6.74 4.99 .06 .13 .13 .02 .10 .48 .28 .02 .11 .95 .03 n.a. n.a. 14 7 9 n.a. 13 5 7 13 12 4 15 n.a. n.a. 2 6 4 n.a. 2 18 15 1 2 33 2 See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 8 Table 4. Mining, except oil and gas extraction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 10, 11, 12, 14) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Office clerical workers,—Continued Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ........................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers........................ Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ....................... Weigher, recordkeeping..................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. Dispatcher, vehicle, service or w o rk................. All other plant clerical workers......................... 320 1,780 610 350 5,470 260 510 1,180 1,160 760 8,080 630 210 420 2,530 0.07 .39 .13 .08 1.18 .06 .11 .26 .25 .16 1.75 .14 .05 .09 .55 7 5 6 10 5 11 5 8 9 n.a. n.a. 6 15 9 4 4 19 7 4 32 2 9 8 8 n.a. n.a. 5 1 4 25 3,430 440 420 .74 .10 .09 4 7 n.a. 15 4 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk ............................................................. 1,660 1,550 110 .36 .34 .02 n.a. 5 29 n.a. 13 1 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5. percent, n.a. = not available. 9 Tab!® 5. Metal mining: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981 (SIC 10) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Total............................................................... 105,330 100.00 - -- Managers and officers.............................................. 4,460 4.23 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Chemical engineer............................................. Civil engineer ..................................................... Industrial engineer............................................. Mechanical engineer......................................... Metallurgists and metallurgical engineers........ Mining engineer................................................. Safety engineer.................................................. All other engineers............................................ Chemist.................................................................. Geologists and geophysicists................................ All other natural and mathematical scientists....... Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Lawyer.................................................................... Personnel and labor relations specialists............. All other professional workers............................... 8,810 3,060 80 120 190 250 560 1,030 290 540 520 2,110 100 250 360 920 60 650 780 8.36 2.91 .08 .11 .18 .24 .53 .98 .28 .51 .49 2.00 .09 .24 .34 .87 .06 .62 .74 n.a. n.a. 13 9 9 11 6 4 5 n.a. 11 5 12 9 6 5 20 5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 5 8 9 11 23 38 21 n.a. 20 51 6 10 26 33 3 25 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ Surveyor............................ ................................ Mechanical engineering technician................... All other engineering technicians..................... Science technicians............................................... All other technicians.............................................. 3,440 230 1,780 560 440 70 710 990 440 3.27 .22 1.69 .53 .42 .07 .67 .94 .42 n.a. 6 n.a. 5 6 24 n.a. 7 n.a. n.a. 12 n.a. 32 21 3 n.a. 21 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly .................... All other service workers....................................... 1,690 610 790 90 90 110 1.60 .58 .75 .09 .09 .10 n.a. 9 7 18 11 n.a. n.a. 20 19 2 6 n.a. Mining, processing, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations.......................................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Diesel mechanic................................................ Engineering equipment mechanic..................... Mine machinery mechanic ................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................ Blaster, mining and quarrying................................ Header, bottomer, car dropper and/or eager...... Braker, tra in ........................................................... Brattice builder....................................................... Carpenter............................................................... Cement mason....................................................... Crane, derrick, and hoist operators...................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Dispatcher, mine c a r ............................................. Drier operator, coal or o re ..................................... Driller, hand ........................................................... Driller, machine ..................................................... Dump operator....................................................... Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking......................................... Heavy equipment operator.................................... Rigger..................................................................... 79,650 10,950 1,490 1,330 1,040 3,230 3,060 800 4,340 2,280 260 650 70 630 310 1,170 90 90 570 690 2,680 180 3,110 7,520 4,820 60 75.62 10.40 1.41 1.26 .99 3.07 2.91 .76 4.12 2.16 .25 .62 .07 .60 .29 1.11 .09 .09 .54 .66 2.54 .17 2.95 7.14 4.58 .06 n.a. n.a. 13 10 9 13 12 n.a. 6 9 9 22 26 5 12 9 27 14 18 12 8 20 6 6 6 13 n.a. n.a. 22 14 13 21 21 n.a. 26 16 5 3 1 16 4 19 3 2 8 8 33 5 26 43 33 1 See footnotes at end of table. 10 Table 5. Metal mining: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 10) Occupation Mining, processing, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................ Lamp keeper and/or repairer................................ Loading-machine operator, underground............. Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Millwright ................................................................ Dinkey operator...................................................... Oiler ........................................................................ Painter, maintenance............................................. Panelboard operator and/or grinding mill panelboard operator......................................... Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Reagent te n de r...................................................... Roof bolter............................................................. Shaker tender......................................................... Shuttle-car operator.............................................. Stationary boiler fire r............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Track layer............................................................. Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Surveyor helper...................................................... Belt repairer........................................................... Sampler and/or test preparer............................... Separator tender.................................................... Conveyor operator or tender................................. Yard engineer......................................................... Mill and/or grinder operator, minerals .................. Pump operator........................................................ Mixer and/or blender, chemicals and chemical products ............................................................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. Percent of total employment Employment' Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 380 350 60 1,370 1,400 1,190 2,990 510 520 900 210 0.36 .33 .06 1.30 1.33 1.13 2.84 .48 .49 .85 .20 20 24 11 10 8 7 4 31 14 7 10 9 3 4 11 15 18 27 3 4 15 7 640 500 310 130 200 360 60 180 480 2,990 210 130 660 120 660 370 2,360 290 .61 .47 .29 .12 .19 .34 .06 .17 .46 2.84 .20 .12 .63 .11 .63 .35 2.24 .28 11 9 12 13 17 9 18 21 19 8 8 17 12 19 9 10 5 24 8 7 8 4 2 5 3 3 4 23 13 3 12 3 8 2 23 6 80 3,380 5,510 9,680 .08 3.21 5.23 9.19 17 n.a. n.a. n.a. 4 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, ha n d ............................................. File c le rk............................................................. General office clerk........................................... Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supefvisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ........................ Weigher, recordkeeping..................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. Dispatcher, vehicle, service or w ork................. All other plant clerical workers......................... 7,210 5,650 170 170 130 580 100 170 720 90 290 180 60 1,880 110 400 240 360 1,560 230 130 80 6.85 5.36 .16 .16 .12 .55 .09 .16 .68 .09 .28 .17 .06 1.78 .10 .38 .23 .34 1.48 .22 .12 .08 n.a. n.a. 9 8 22 5 13 10 6 8 7 5 11 9 7 8 9 n.a. n.a. 6 13 27 n.a. n.a. 11 9 5 30 9 5 25 6 22 13 7 51 14 17 13 n.a. n.a. 11 7 4 930 60 130 .88 .06 .12 6 19 n.a. 22 2 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... All other sales workers ......................................... 70 60 10 .07 .06 .01 n.a. 21 n.a. n.a. 4 n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. n.a. = not available. 11 Table 6. Bituminous coal and lignite mining: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981 (SIC 12) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T otal............................................................... 230,080 100.00 - - Managers and officers.............................................. 10,360 4.50 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Civil engineer ..................................................... Industrial engineer............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... Mining engineer................................................. Safety engineer.................................................. All other engineers............................................ Chemist.................................................................. Geologists and geophysicists................................ All other natural and mathematical scientists....... Systems analyst, electronic data processing........ Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Lawyer ............................................................... Personnel and labor relations specialists............. All other professional workers............................... 7,620 3,170 210 190 90 1,440 790 450 230 220 100 260 970 1,250 310 780 330 3.31 1.38 .09 .08 .04 .63 .34 .20 .10 .10 .04 .11 .42 .54 .13 .34 .14 n.a. n.a. 15 19 24 10 7 n.a. 20 26 38 20 7 10 19 8 n.a. n.a. n.a. 10 9 5 41 31 n.a. 10 10 4 5 39 35 7 29 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer.......................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Computer programmer....................................... Drafter................................................................ Surveyor............................................................. Industrial engineering technician....................... All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians............................................... All other technicians.............................................. 2,810 320 1,880 320 620 670 120 470 420 190 1.22 .14 .82 .14 .27 .29 .05 .20 .18 .08 n.a. 21 n.a. 21 10 8 36 n.a. 20 n.a. n.a. 6 n.a. 6 26 29 5 n.a. 11 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly .................... All other service workers....................................... 3,030 790 1,630 220 390 1.32 .34 .71 .10 .17 n.a. 9 10 27 n.a. n.a. 29 29 4 n.a. Mining, processing, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations.......................................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Diesel mechanic................................................ Engineering equipment mechanic..................... Mine machinery mechanic ................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................ Auger machine operator........................................ Blaster, mining and quarrying............ ^................. Bonder and/or w irer.............................................. Header, bottomer, car dropper and/or eager....... Braker, tra in ........................................................... Brattice builder....................................................... Carpenter............................................................... Cement mason....................................................... Coal washer........................................................... Continuous mining machine operator.................... Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Cutting machine operator ...................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Dispatcher, mine car ............................................. Drier operator, coal or o re ..................................... Driller, hand ........................................................... Driller, machine ...................................................... Dump operator ....................................................... Electrician............................................................... 193,290 17,770 1,330 1,740 2,600 9,320 1,940 840 7,500 230 2,210 370 810 450 2,070 530 330 1,780 7,450 760 1,520 110 540 170 820 4,010 600 6,540 84.01 7.72 .58 .76 1.13 4.05 .84 .37 3.26 .10 .96 .16 .35 .20 .90 .23 .14 .77 n.a. n.a. 13 10 12 8 16 n.a. 7 37 8 17 14 22 8 18 20 13 3.24 .33 .66 .05 .23 .07 .36 1.74 .26 2.84 15 15 23 13 20 16 17 16 8 n.a. n.a. 18 24 21 31 15 n.a. 50 3 35 8 13 5 22 13 5 22 30 17 12 4 10 6 12 30 12 43 See footnotes at end of table. 12 7 Table 6. Bituminous coal and lignite mining: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 12) Occupation Mining, processing, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Fire b o s s ................................................................ Supervisor, nonworking......................................... Heavy equipment operator.................................... Rigger..................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector................................................................ Lamp keeper and/or repairer................................ Loading-machine operator, underground............. Long-wall miner operator...................................... Long-wall miner operator helper.......................... Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Dinkey operator...................................................... O ile r........................................................................ Painter, maintenance............................................. Panelboard operator and/or grinding mill panelboard operator......................................... Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Rock-dust sprayer................................................. Roof bolter............................................................. Shaker tender......................................................... Shuttle-car operator.............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Tipple operator....................................................... Track layer............................................................. Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Surveyor helper...................................................... Belt repairer............................................................ Sampler and/or test preparer............................... Separator tender.................................................... Conveyor operator or tender................................. Yard engineer......................................................... Mill and/or grinder operator, minerals.................. Pump operator........................................................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator.. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, ha n d ............................................. File cle rk............................................................ General office clerk........................................... Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Receptionist .......... ;........................................... Secretary........................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t.................... All other office clerical workers........................ Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping and/or receiving c le rk ....................... Weigher, recordkeeping..................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1 1,500 15,880 27,510 150 300 120 490 4,000 390 980 580 2,970 3,350 1,220 3,660 110 0.65 6.90 11.96 .07 .13 .05 .21 1.74 .17 .43 .25 1.29 1.46 .53 1.59 .05 9 5 6 40 30 22 10 13 17 19 12 15 10 14 8 32 23 59 73 2 5 5 15 26 5 4 17 19 21 12 38 2 400 150 1,250 10,630 350 10,410 180 2,410 1,380 5,320 690 3,420 560 170 2,400 340 210 860 1,640 7,570 23,170 .17 .07 .54 4.62 .15 4.52 .08 1.05 .60 2.31 .30 1.49 .24 .07 1.04 .15 .09 .37 .71 3.29 10.07 17 27 12 6 16 5 26 9 10 8 10 8 19 21 10 22 23 9 n.a. n.a. n.a. 9 4 12 34 8 32 3 39 17 47 22 22 16 5 17 4 4 19 n.a. n.a. n.a. 12,640 9,330 200 300 250 220 760 430 310 1,310 110 880 300 220 2,020 160 250 450 690 470 3,310 250 110 670 5.49 4.06 .09 .13 .11 .10 .33 .19 .13 .57 .05 .38 .13 .10 .88 .07 .11 .20 .30 .20 1.44 .11 .05 .29 n.a. n.a. 22 13 19 21 12 19 20 11 15 9 11 14 10 17 9 18 14 n.a. n.a. 14 13 13 n.a. n.a. 4 12 8 4 27 11 5 26 6 35 17 11 40 5 18 10 20 n.a. n.a. 8 7 22 1,990 .86 7 36 See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 13 labile 6. Bituminous coal and lignite mining: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981= Continued (SIC 12) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Plant clerical workers,—Continued Dispatcher, vehicle, service or w o rk................. All other plant clerical workers.......................... 110 180 0.05 .08 18 n.a. 5 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... All other sales workers .......................................... 330 300 30 .14 .13 .01 n.a. 18 n.a. n.a. 6 n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. n.a. = not available. 14 Table 7. Mining and quarrying of nonmetailic minerals, excepf fuels: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981 (SIC 14) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Total............................................................... 122,920 100.00 - - Managers and officers.............................................. 9,900 8.05 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Chemical engineer............................................. Civil engineer..................................................... Industrial engineer............................................. Mechanical engineer......................................... Metallurgists and metallurgical engineers........ Mining engineer................................................. Safety engineer.................................................. All other engineers............................................ Chemist .................................................................. Geologists and geophysicists................................ Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Personnel and labor relations specialists............. All other professional workers............................... 3,710 1,300 110 130 120 180 80 380 160 140 280 370 70 320 900 280 190 3.02 1.06 .09 .11 .10 .15 .07 .31 .13 .11 .23 .30 .06 .26 .73 .23 .15 n.a. n.a. 12 9 11 11 11 6 6 n.a. 9 13 22 5 6 5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 3 2 3 1 7 4 n.a. 3 4 1 8 14 6 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer.......................................... Engineering technicians, to ta l............................... Drafter................................................................ Surveyor............................................................. All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians............................................... All other technicians.............................................. 1,610 90 490 180 90 220 890 140 1.31 .07 .40 .15 .07 .18 .72 .11 n.a. 16 n.a. 7 8 n.a. 7 n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. 3 2 n.a. 4 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly .................... All other service workers....................................... 1,300 550 540 50 100 60 1.06 .45 .44 .04 .08 .05 n.a. 7 6 22 19 n.a. n.a. 7 8 1 1 n.a. Mining, processing, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations.......................................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Diesel mechanic................................................ Engineering equipment mechanic..................... Mine machinery mechanic ................................ Mechanic, maintenance........................:............ All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Blaster, mining and quarrying................................ Header, bottomer, car dropper and/or eager....... Braker, tra in ............................................................ Carpenter............................................................... Coal washer............................................................ Continuous mining machine operator.................... Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Cutting machine operator ...................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Dredge operator..................................................... Drier operator, coal or o re ..................................... Driller, hand ............................................................ Driller, machine ...................................................... Dump operator....................................................... Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking......................................... Heavy equipment operator.................................... Rigger..................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector................................................................ 94,070 8,990 1,920 1,480 1,490 1,310 2,280 510 12,820 950 60 220 240 120 270 1,650 180 1,640 1,000 890 700 1,900 250 1,150 5,150 13,770 150 960 120 76.53 7.31 1.56 1.20 1.21 1.07 1.85 .41 10.43 .77 .05 .18 .20 .10 .22 1.34 .15 1.33 .81 .72 .57 1.55 .20 .94 4.19 11.20 .12 .78 .10 n.a. n.a. 4 5 5 8 7 n.a. 2 6 21 16 10 25 24 4 16 7 6 7 9 5 13 5 3 2 16 7 10 n.a. n.a. 22 17 14 8 13 n.a. 61 13 (3) 1 3 (3) (3) 19 1 9 11 6 8 17 2 7 38 74 1 8 3 See footnotes at end of table. 15 Table 7. Mining and quarrying of nonmetailic minerals, except fuels: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 14) Occupation Mining, processing, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Loading-machine operator, underground............. Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Millwright ................................................................ Dinkey operator...................................................... O ile r........................................................................ Painter, maintenance............................................. Panelboard operator and/or grinding mill panelboard operator......................................... Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Rock splitter, quarry .............................................. Reagent tender ...................................................... Roof bolter............................................................. Shaker tender......................................................... Shuttle-car operator.............................................. Stationary boiler fire r............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Tipple operator....................................................... Track layer............................................................. Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Surveyor helper...................................................... Belt repairer............................................................ Sampler and/or test preparer............................... Sawyer, stone......................................................... Separator tender.................................................... Conveyor operator or tender................................. Yard engineer......................................................... Mill and/or grinder operator, minerals.................. Pump operator........................................................ Mixer and/or blender, chemicals and chemical products........................................................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, total .................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, h a n d ............................................. File c le rk............................................................ General office clerk........................................... Mail c le rk ........................................................... Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ........................................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t.................... All other office clerical workers........................ Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving c le rk ....................... Weigher, recordkeeping..................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. Dispatcher, vehicle, service or w ork................. All other plant clerical workers......................... Employment1 Percent of total employment Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2,300 450 3,600 1,680 510 120 1,480 130 1,87 .37 2.93 1.37 .41 .10 1.20 .11 4 9 5 5 15 12 4 10 17 4 25 14 1 1 17 2 1,520 100 1,260 720 50 190 240 470 50 310 110 120 2,830 70 200 230 340 190 2,090 160 3,230 250 1.24 .08 1.03 .59 .04 .15 .20 .38 .04 .25 .09 .10 2.30 .06 .16 .19 .28 .15 1.70 .13 2.63 .20 5 18 9 9 16 19 11 13 24 18 17 21 4 12 14 9 12 23 4 13 4 12 14 1 3 5 1 1 2 1 f) 1 1 (3) 29 1 1 3 2 1 23 1 25 2 230 1,570 4,670 9,420 .19 1.28 3.80 7.66 16 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 11,080 7,910 100 140 150 120 860 740 50 2,310 50 120 580 130 60 1,560 150 320 220 250 3,170 140 160 170 1,770 9.01 6.44 .08 .11 .12 .10 .70 .60 .04 1.88 .04 .10 .47 .11 .05 1.27 .12 .26 .18 .20 2.58 .11 .13 .14 1.44 n.a. n.a. 10 10 9 22 5 5 14 3 26 8 4 13 9 4 5 11 9 n.a. n.a. 8 20 18 3 n.a. n.a. 2 3 2 1 13 17 1 37 1 3 14 3 2 25 5 5 4 n.a. n.a. 3 1 2 31 500 270 160 .41 .22 .13 6 8 n.a. 7 4 n.a. See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 16 Tab!© 7. Mining and quarrying of nonmefallic minerals, except fuels: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 14) Occupation Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk .............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 1.02 .96 .06 1,250 1,180 70 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation n.a. 5 16 n.a. 17 1 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 17 Table 8. Oil and gas extraction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981 (SIC 13) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Total............................................................... 667,750 100.00 - - Managers and officers.............................................. 54,150 8.11 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Chemical engineer............................................. Civil engineer ..................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers................... Mechanical engineer......................................... Petroleum engineer........................................... Safety engineer.................................................. All other engineers............................................ Mathematical scientists.......................................... Chemist .................................................................. Geologists and geophysicists................................ All other physical scientists................................... Life scientist............................................................ Systems analyst, electronic data processing........ Purchasing agent and/or buyer........... ............... Accountants and auditors...................................... Law clerk................................................................ Lawyer.................................................................... Lease buyer ........................................................... Paralegal personnel............................................... Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Title clerk ............................................................... All other professional workers............................... 91,130 27,490 700 740 2,940 1,370 18,430 680 2,630 540 1,250 21,360 370 360 4,250 2,150 14,100 160 1,080 8,960 120 2,680 1,890 4,370 13.65 4.12 .10 .11 .44 .21 2.76 .10 .39 .08 .19 3.20 .06 .05 .64 .32 2.11 .02 .16 1.34 .02 .40 .28 .65 n.a. n.a. 26 27 22 19 10 27 n.a. 48 37 10 n.a. 48 20 12 11 45 14 12 23 16 23 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 2 2 3 21 6 n.a. 1 1 16 n.a. (3) 4 10 24 (3) 4 15 1 9 3 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Computer, prospecting and/or computer, seismograph................................................. Drafter................................................................ Electrical and electronic technicians ................ Observer, electrical prospecting and/or gravity prospecting................................................... S cout.................................................................. Surveyor............................................................. Mechanical engineering technician.......... ........ Civil engineering technician .............................. All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians............................................... Airplane p ilo t........................................................... All other technicians.............................................. 27,660 2,590 17,890 4.14 .39 2.68 n.a. 17 n.a. n.a. 5 n.a. 770 5,490 2,570 .12 .82 .38 27 10 19 1 13 4 1,280 610 1,620 810 370 4,370 3,270 1,070 2,840 .19 .09 .24 .12 .06 .65 .49 .16 .43 26 23 24 34 35 n.a. 25 32 n.a. 2 2 4 1 1 n.a. 3 5 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... All other service workers....................................... 7,580 3,380 730 1,560 1,110 800 1.14 .51 .11 .23 .17 .12 n.a. 14 19 22 27 n.a. n.a. 12 2 2 2 n.a. Petroleum and gas production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Diesel mechanic ................................................ Engineering equipment mechanic..................... Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers................... Truck driver............................................................ Blueprinting machine operator.............................. Cable driller............................................................ Caser ......... ........................................................... Cementer, oil well ................................................. Clean-out d rille r.................................................... Crane, derrick, and hoist operators...................... 390,490 14,350 4,240 3,210 1,710 4,100 1,090 17,190 160 5,020 1,810 4,380 1,940 2,470 58.48 2.15 .63 .48 .26 .61 .16 2.57 .02 .75 .27 .66 .29 .37 n.a. n.a. 10 13 19 15 n.a. 12 28 22 46 33 34 19 n.a. n.a. 15 9 2 10 n.a. 25 1 7 1 2 4 3 See footnotes at end of table. 18 Table 8. Oil and gas extraction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 13) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Petroleum and gas production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Delivery and/or route worker................................ Derrick operator, petroleum and gas extraction .... Electrician............................................................... Fitter, pipelaying..................................................... Supervisor, nonworking......................................... Formation testing operator.................................... Gager...................................................................... Natural gas treating unit operator......................... Heavy equipment operator.................................... Rigger..................................................................... Industrial truck operator........................................ Inspector................................................................ Instrument repairer................................................. Liquefication-and-regasification-plant operator .... Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Mud-plant operator................................................ Oil pumper............................................................. Oiler ........................................................................ Painter, maintenance............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Pumper, head ......................................................... Rig-builder............................................................. Rotary drill operator............................................... Rotary drill operator helper.................................... Roustabout............................................................. Service unit operator, oil w e ll................................ Sheet metal w orker............................................... Shooter and/or seismograph shooter................... Stationary engineer................................................ Technical operator, oil and g a s ............................ Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Well puller.............................................................. Surveyor helper...................................................... Sampler and/or test preparer............................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. 160 16,760 2,220 2,490 24,070 1,080 2,170 2,380 10,580 950 860 840 680 630 1,260 8,170 5,000 760 16,090 380 1,460 610 9,430 1,530 22,490 32,950 90,980 12,240 110 1,880 1,560 4,180 11,180 6,360 1,800 80 7,030 19,400 20,370 0.02 2.51 .33 .37 3.60 .16 .32 '36 1.58 .14 .13 .13 .10 .09 .19 1.22 .75 .11 2.41 .06 .22 .09 1.41 .23 3.37 4.93 13.62 1.83 .02 .28 .23 .63 1.67 .95 .27 .01 1.05 2.91 3.05 49 9 17 34 6 33 35 26 12 38 38 38 37 38 29 15 27 46 14 41 35 42 19 37 8 10 6 14 46 28 34 27 13 21 27 47 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 14 6 (3) 41 2 2 3 15 1 2 1 2 1 2 15 4 1 19 1 2 1 12 1 22 14 42 11 (3) 2 2 3 16 7 2 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. Duplicating machine operator........................... All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer..................................................... Accounting cle rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand............................................. Cashier............................................................... File c le rk ............................................................ General office clerk........................................... Mail c le rk ........................................................... Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel c le rk.................................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ........................... ................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t.................... All other office clerical workers........................ 91,660 86,240 4,170 2,130 360 660 740 1,190 10,320 3,570 90 3,410 14,510 910 330 3,290 2,160 3,450 22,520 730 720 800 4,310 2,550 3,320 13.73 12.92 .62 .32 .05 .10 .11 .18 1.55 .53 .01 .51 2.17 .14 .05 .49 .32 .52 3.37 .11 .11 .12 .65 .38 .50 n.a. n.a. 20 15 42 23 n.a. 20 10 11 50 19 7 17 27 15 19 9 6 44 17 15 13 13 n.a. n.a. n.a. 7 4 1 2 n.a. 4 20 16 1 6 33 4 2 16 7 19 40 1 4 7 12 8 n.a. See footnotes at end of table. 19 Table 8. Oil and gas extraction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 13) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ....................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. Dispatcher, vehicle, service or w o rk................. All other plant clerical workers......................... 5,420 1,380 470 0.81 .21 .07 n.a. 24 19 n.a. 4 2 1,350 1,700 520 .20 .25 .08 14 14 n.a. 6 6 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... All other sales workers .......................................... 5,080 5,040 40 .76 .75 .01 n.a. 11 n.a. n.a. 12 n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5. percent, n.a. = not available. 20 ©©rsstryig'tfcira group was clerical workers with 10 percent. The remain ing 8 percent was distributed as follows: Professional workers, 4 percent; sales and service workers, each 2 percent; and technical workers, 1 percent. The five most populous occupations, in order of predominance, are listed below: This industry division (sic ’s 15-17) includes new con struction, additions, alterations, and repair work. Three broad types of activities are covered: Building construc tion by general contractors or operative builders; other construction by general contractors; and special trade contractors. In 1981, the construction industry employed approx imately 4.2 million workers or 18 percent o f the workers in the surveyed industries. More than half of these con struction workers were engaged in special trade contrac ting, such as electrical work, masonry, and plumbing. As shown in table 9, the largest occupational group in the construction industry consisted of 3.1 million maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers, accounting for nearly threefourths of industry employment. Special trade contrac ting employed 53 percent o f the workers in this major group. Managers and officers, ranking second of the seven major groups, made up 11 percent of total employment in the construction industry. The third largest occupational group in construction was clerical workers, numbering 350,520 or 8 percent of total in dustry employment. Office clerical workers accounted for 96 percent of all clerical workers. The remaining 7 percent of occupational employment was distributed as follows: Professional workers, 4 percent; sales, technical, and service workers, each about 1 percent of total employment in construction. Employment Carpenter.................................... Carpenter h elp er........................ Secretary....................................... Nonworking supervisor........... Heavy equipment operator____ 26.9 7.1 3.0 2.2 2.1 H<sawy construction contractors Establishments in this industry (sic 16) are primarily engaged in heavy construction such as highways and streets, bridges, sewers, railroads, irrigation projects, flood control projects and marine construction, and miscellaneous types of construction work other than buildings. In 1981, these establishments employed 934,770 workers or 22 percent o f the total employed in construc tion. Most o f these workers, 71 percent, were involved in heavy construction, other than highways and streets. As shown in table 11, heavy construction contractors employed 709,630 maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers, accounting for over three-fourths of total industry employment. Managers and officers, numbering 80,070, ranked second with 9 percent. The third largest occupational group consisted of 62,810 clerical workers with 7 per cent of total employment. Professional workers made up 6 percent; technical workers, 2 percent; service workers, about 1 percent; and sales workers, only 0.3 percent. The five largest occupations in this industry are listed in the tabulation below: ©@n@r©I building ®®imtraet®r§ This industry includes establishments primarily engaged in the construction o f residential, farm, in dustrial, commercial, or other buildings (sic 15). The industry employed nearly 1.1 million workers in 1981, or 26 percent o f all workers employed in construc tion. Employing 48 percent of these workers were establishments engaged in the construction of single family homes and other residential buildings; employing 46 percent were establishments constructing nonresidential buildings; and employing the remainder were operative builders. As shown in table 10, the 751,660 maintenance, con struction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers in this industry accounted for more than twothirds o f total industry employment. Managers and o f ficers ranked second with 14 percent. The third largest 295,550 78,000 32,940 23,660 22,800 Percent o f industry employment Heavy equipment operator____ Truck driver................................ Carpenter...................................... Pipelaying fitter............................ Pipelayer ...................................... 21 Employment Percent o f industry employment 119,900 57,630 38,400 29,160 28,310 12.8 6.2 4.1 3.1 3.0 Special trad© ©@sitra©t©ra This industry (sic 17) includes establishments engaged in specialized activities such as electrical work, plumb ings and ’ painting. Establishments engaged in miscellaneous specialized activities such as industrial machinery and equipment installation, gas leakage detection, and water well drilling are also included. In 1981, this industry employed more than 2.2 million workers, constituting 52 percent of employment in the construction industry. Of these workers, plumbing, heating (other than electric), and air-conditioning employed 23 percent; electrical work, 19 percent; and miscellaneous special trade contractors, 18 percent. As shown in table 12, over three-fourths of the in dustry’s workers, approximately 1.7 million, were maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers. Ranking second of the seven major occupational groups, managers and officers made up 10 percent of total employment in special trade contracting. Clerical workers, the third largest group, accounted for 8 percent of industry employment. Ninety-two percent of these worked in office occupa tions. The remaining occupational employment was distributed as follows: Professional workers, 3 percent; sales workers, more than 1 percent; and technical and service workers, about 1 percent each. The five most populous jobs in special trade contrac ting are listed in the tabulation below: E lectrician.............................. Plumber or p ip efitter........... Maintenance painter............. Carpenter................................ Sheet metal w ork er............... 22 ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... Employment Percent o f industry employment 223,650 168,180 91,810 88,520 83,750 10.2 7.6 4.2 4.0 3.8 Table 9. Construction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981 (SIC 15, 16, 17) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T otal............................................................... 4,235,330 100.00 -- - Managers and officers.............................................. 447,000 10.55 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Civil engineer ..................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers................... Mechanical engineer.......................................... Safety engineer.................................................. All other engineers............................................ Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Cost estimator, engineering................................... Personnel and labor relations specialists............. All other professional workers............................... 171,230 50,360 17,430 6,300 9,960 1,320 15,350 1,030 9,260 26,100 74,060 1,660 8,760 4.04 1.19 .41 .15 .24 .03 .36 .02 .22 .62 1.75 .04 .21 n.a. n.a. 5 9 7 9 n.a. 10 4 2 2 6 n.a. n.a. n.a. 3 1 2 1 n.a. (3) 5 10 24 1 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ Electrical and electronic technicians................ Surveyor.............................................................. Mechanical engineering technician................... Civil engineering technician .............................. All other engineering technicians...................... All other technicians.............................................. 43,350 1,510 39,180 20,190 10,440 3,850 940 1,260 2,500 2,660 1.02 .04 .93 .48 .25 .09 .02 .03 .06 .06 n.a. 8 n.a. 6 10 8 21 15 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. 5 1 1 (3) (3) n.a. n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................. Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly .................... All other service workers....................................... 36,610 28,420 3,740 1,260 740 2,450 .86 .67 .09 .03 .02 .06 n.a. 5 12 31 32 n.a. n.a. 8 1 (3) (3) n.a. 3,135,510 116,750 16,770 8,540 12,410 20,330 74.03 2.76 .40 .20 .29 .48 n.a. n.a. 3 5 5 6 n.a. n.a. 6 3 3 4 52,120 6,580 115,520 11,010 38,310 570 910 15,830 69,790 9,380 14,400 422,480 80,180 3,240 890 3,010 2,140 23,160 1,600 2,020 640 2,220 42,250 244,710 14,840 1,470 1.23 .16 2.73 .26 .90 .01 .02 .37 1.65 .22 .34 9.98 1.89 .08 .02 .07 .05 .55 .04 .05 .02 .05 1.00 5.78 .35 .03 3 n.a. 2 7 6 13 17 8 3 9 9 1 3 11 22 13 25 4 13 23 23 15 5 2 10 12 5 n.a. 22 2 2 (3) (3) 1 6 1 1 26 11 1 (3) 1 (3) 4 1 (3) (3) (3) 3 9 1 (3) Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations ............................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Diesel mechanic................................................ Engineering equipment mechanic..................... Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Refrigeration mechanic and/or air conditioning mechanic...................................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Air hammer operator............................................. Asbestos and insulation workers.......................... Asphalt heater tender............................................. Blaster, construction.............................................. Boilermaker............................................................. Bricklayer................................................................ Cabinetmaker.......................................................... Carpet cutter and/or carpet layer......................... Carpenter ............................................................... Cement mason....................................................... Concrete mixer operator........................................ Concrete wall grinder operator............................. Concrete rubber..................................................... Conduit mechanic.................................................. Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Dredge operator..................................................... Driller, hand ............................................................ Driller, machine ...................................................... Dry-wall applicator................................................. Electrician............................................................... Fence erector......................................................... Fine grader ............................................................. See footnotes at end of table. 23 Table 9. Construction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 15, 16, 17) Occupation Employment1 Percent of totai employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Fitter, pipelaying..................................................... Floor sanding machine operator........................... Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Form setter, metal road-form ............................... Form tamper operator and/or tamping-machine operator............................................................. Furnace installer and repairer, hot a ir................... Glazier .................................................................... Heavy equipment operator.................................... Rigger..................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................ Lather ..................................................................... Line installer-repairer............................................. Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Metal fabricator...................................................... Millwright ................................................................ Oil burner installer and servicer............................ O ile r........................................................................ Painter, maintenance............................................. Paperhanger........................................................... Pipelayer................................................................. Plasterer................................................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Reinforcing iron worker.......................................... Roofer..................................................................... Trench sewer shaper............................................. Sewer tapper.......................................................... Sheet metal worker ............................................... Stone mason .......................................................... Layout worker, structural ste e l.............................. Structural steel w orker........................................... Taper ...................................................................... Tile setter............................................................... Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Surveyor helper...................................................... Asphalt mixing machine tender............................. Asphalt plant drier operator................................... Asphalt-plant operator........................................... Tester ..................................................................... Asphalt raker .......................................................... Mixer, stone, clay, glass and related products..... Ceiling tile installer and/or floor layer................... Terrazzo w orker.................................................... ’ Asbestos and insulation worker helper................. Bricklayer helper .................................................... Carpenter helper.................................................... Cement mason helper........................................... Electrician helper ................................................... Painter helper......................................................... Plasterer helper...................................................... Plumber and/or pipefitter helper........................... Roofer helper.......................................................... Stone mason helper.............................................. Tile setter helper.................................................... Cabinetmaker helper ............................................. Terrazzo worker helper......................................... All other helpers, skilled trades ............................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. 7,040 1,490 80,490 5,610 0.17 .04 1.90 .13 18 25 2 8 (3) (3) 15 1 680 13,160 17,760 194,450 6,700 3,700 2,950 9,260 29,680 1,680 6,030 18,450 18,350 2,980 5,720 109,060 6,440 30,800 14,410 205,670 34,990 64,380 880 610 90,520 3,000 6,050 44,710 21,050 13,080 44,020 2,120 1,260 670 2,690 790 17,400 1,200 15,830 1,200 4,870 41,570 102,680 36,910 41,590 12,660 6,180 43,650 19,900 1,920 7,410 2,040 870 25,320 28,450 50,140 313,020 .02 .31 .42 4.59 .16 .09 .07 .22 .70 .04 .14 .44 .43 .07 .14 2.58 .15 .73 .34 4.86 .83 1.52 .02 .01 2.14 .07 .14 1.06 .50 .31 1.04 .05 .03 .02 .06 .02 .41 .03 .37 .03 .11 .98 2.42 .87 .98 .30 .15 1.03 .47 .05 .17 .05 .02 .60 .67 1.18 7.39 15 7 8 2 11 13 14 9 8 23 12 7 6 14 5 2 9 5 8 2 6 2 24 48 3 17 11 5 5 8 5 7 10 14 7 25 5 31 8 25 12 4 3 4 4 6 10 5 5 19 10 17 29 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. (3) 2 1 19 1 1 (3) 1 1 (3) 1 2 1 (3) 2 9 1 3 1 11 3 5 (3) (3) 7 (3) 1 3 3 1 5 1 1 (3) 1 (3) 3 (3) 1 (3) 1 4 11 5 3 2 1 5 3 (3) 1 (3) (3) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, total .................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ 350,520 328,570 2,360 2,150 8.28 7.76 .06 .05 n.a. n.a. 6 5 n.a. n.a. 1 1 See footnotes at end of table. 24 Table 9. Corasfiruction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 15, 16, 17) Occupation Office clerical workers,—Continued Keypunch operator............................................. All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, h a n d ............................................. File c le rk............................................................ General office clerk........................................... Mail c le rk ........................................................... Order c le rk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping cle rk...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk ............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ........................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t.................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ........................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. Dispatcher, vehicle, service or w o rk................. All other plant clerical workers......................... Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, sales associate, and/or sales representative, real estate............................... All other sales agents, associates, and/or representatives................................................. Sales c le rk ............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,330 630 770 17,730 55,060 2,680 84,610 620 520 30,310 970 710 2,270 97,710 870 1,830 18,020 2,350 5,070 21,950 1,330 1,110 0.03 .01 .02 .42 1.30 .06 2.00 .01 .01 .72 .02 .02 .05 2.31 .02 .04 .43 .06 .12 .52 .03 .03 7 n.a. 13 3 2 12 2 11 16 2 8 16 7 1 12 5 3 10 n.a. n.a. 12 10 1 n.a. (3) 7 23 1 25 0 0 15 1 (3) 1 32 (3) 2 7 1 n.a. n.a. (3) (3) 17,070 1,420 1,020 .40 .03 .02 3 9 n.a. 7 1 n.a. 51,110 1.21 n.a. n.a. 19,050 .45 6 3 30,180 1,880 .71 .04 n.a. 20 n.a. (3) 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)1 2 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 25 Tabl® 10. General building contraetors: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 10S1 (SIC 15) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T otal............................................................... 1,098,640 100.00 - -- Managers and officers.............................................. 154,140 14.03 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Civil engineer............ ........................................ Electrical and electronic engineers................... Mechanical engineer.......................................... Safety engineer.................................................. All other engineers............................................ Systems analyst, electronic data processing........ Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Cost estimator, engineering................................... Personnel and labor relations specialists............. All other professional workers............................... 45,390 11,010 5,860 740 2,020 310 2,080 360 1,630 8,460 21,080 560 2,290 4.13 1.00 .53 .07 .18 .03 .19 .03 .15 .77 1.92 .05 .21 n.a. n.a. 7 17 14 11 n.a. 12 8 5 4 9 n.a. n.a. n.a. 5 1 1 1 n.a. 1 4 13 26 1 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ Surveyor............................................................. Mechanical engineering technician................... Civil engineering technician .............................. All other engineering technicians...................... All other technicians.................................. ............ 8,550 590 7,640 5,800 670 220 420 530 320 .78 .05 .70 .53 .06 .02 .04 .05 .03 n.a. 10 n.a. 7 15 30 -18 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. 7 1 (3) (3) n.a. n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly .................... All other service workers....................................... 16,860 12,970 1,300 740 140 1,710 1.53 1.18 .12 .07 .01 .16 n.a. 9 20 37 31 n.a. n.a. 10 1 (3) (3) n.a. 751,660 4,290 1,420 290 610 840 68.42 .39 .13 .03 .06 .08 n.a. n.a. 10 35 16 21 n.a. n.a. 3 1 1 1 620 510 14,490 840 1,580 2,800 16,530 110 6,010 295,550 25,410 190 410 3,020 290 4,500 7,270 170 2,370 23,660 220 22,800 340 680 900 .06 .05 1.32 .08 .14 .25 1.50 .01 .55 26.90 2.31 .02 .04 .27 .03 .41 .66 .02 .22 2.15 .02 2.08 .03 .06 .08 33 n.a. 5 21 23 18 7 18 12 2 5 36 26 9 35 13 9 37 29 4 32 6 23 13 24 1 n.a. 17 1 1 1 9 (3) 4 75 17 (3) 1 4 1 2 4 (3) (3) 17 (3) 16 (3) 1 1 Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations.............................. Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive....................................... Diesel mechanic................................................ Engineering equipment mechanic..................... Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Refrigeration mechanic and/or air conditioning mechanic...................................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................ Air hammer operator............................................. Asbestos and insulation workers.......................... Boilermaker............................................................. Bricklayer................................................................ Blueprinting machine operator.............................. Cabinetmaker.......................................................... Carpenter............................................................... Cement m ason....................................................... Concrete mixer operator........................................ Concrete rubber..................................................... Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Dry-wall applicator................................................. Electrician............................................................... Fine grader ............................................................ Fitter, pipelaying..................................................... Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Form setter, metal road-form ............................... Heavy equipment operator.................................... Rigger..................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................ See footnotes at end of table. 26 Tabu© 10. G®im®ra] building ©©ntiraetors: Emptoymsmti, relative ®rr®rs amid peresmifi of ©sftaMslhmenifts reporting selected ©ecypatfemis, [May 1981—-Continued (SIC 15) Occupation Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Lather..................................................................... Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Metal fabricator...................................................... Millwright................................................................ O ile r........................................................................ Painter, maintenance............................................. Pipelayer.....:........................................................... Plasterer................................................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Reinforcing iron worker.......................................... Roofer..................................................................... Sheet metal w o rker............................................... Stone m ason.......................................................... Layout worker, structural ste e l.............................. Structural steel w orker........................................... Taper ...................................................................... Tile setter............................................................... Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Surveyor helper...................................................... Ceiling tile installer and/or floor layer................... Asbestos and insulation worker helper................. Bricklayer helper.................................................... Carpenter helper.................................................... Cement mason helper........................................... Electrician helper................................................... Painter helper......................................................... Plasterer helper...................................................... Plumber and/or pipefitter helper........................... Roofer helper.......................................................... Cabinetmaker helper............................................. All other helpers, skilled trad e s............................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................. Keypunch operator............................................. All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand ............................................. File c le rk............................................................. General office clerk........................................... Mail c le rk ............................................................ Order c le rk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk ............................................. Receptionist....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t.................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping and/or receiving c le rk ........................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. Dispatcher, vehicle, service or w o rk................. All other plant clerical workers......................... Employment1 Percent of total employment Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 320 160 3,100. 7,680 6,210 550 14,610 1,330 560 10,960 10,000 3,120 6,140 290 1,270 9,580 1,360 180 6,340 420 320 350 7,280 78,000 9,860 1,540 2,520 200 2,090 950 1,120 5,600 6,040 8,860 108,320 0.03 .01 .28 .70 .57 .05 1.33 .12 .05 1.00 .91 .28 .56 .03 .12 .87 .12 .02 .58 .04 .03 .03 .66 7.10 .90 .14 .23 .02 .19 .09 .10 .51 .55 .81 9.86 49 30 18 11 10 13 7 24 32 9 7 19 15 37 21 10 18 43 9 14 36 28 10 3 9 15 17 47 15 44 22 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. (3) (3) 2 2 2 1 10 (3) (3) 4 6 2 2 (3) 1 3 2 (3) 3 1 (3) (3) 5 35 6 1 2 f) 1 1 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 104,600 102,700 310 800 430 170 470 6,110 18,840 720 21,960 330 160 8,340 360 220 1,320 32,940 400 960 4,990 1,060 1,810 1,900 390 140 9.52 9.35 .03 .07 .04 .02 .04 .56 1.71 .07 2.00 .03 .01 .76 .03 .02 .12 3.00 .04 .09 .45 .10 .16 .17 .04 .01 n.a. n.a. 17 8 8 n.a. 17 6 4 9 4 15 21 5 11 13 10 3 19 8 11 n.a. n.a. 26 28 n.a. n.a. 1 3 1 n.a. 1 10 26 2 23 1 (3) 15 1 1 3 35 1 4 7 2 n.a. n.a. 1 1 1,120 140 110 .10 .01 .01 12 22 n.a. 2 1 n.a. See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 27 8 Tab!® 10= Gsneral building contractors: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 19®1==Continued (SIC 15) Occupation Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, sales associate, and/or sales representative, real estate............................... All other sales agents, associates, and/or representatives................................................. Sales c le rk ............................................................. Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 17,440 1.59 n.a. n.a. 14,160 1.29 7 8 2,460 820 .22 .07 n.a. 31 n.a. 0 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Percent of total employment employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 28 Table 11. Heavy construction contractors: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981 (SIC 16) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Total............................................................... 934,770 100.00 - -- Managers and officers.............................................. 80,070 8.57 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Civil engineer..................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers................... Mechanical engineer......................................... Safety engineer.................................................. Nuclear engineer............................................... All other engineers............................................ Natural and mathematical scientists..................... Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Cost estimator, engineering................................... Personnel and labor relations specialists............. All other professional workers............................... 58,330 28,910 9,760 2,150 3,240 930 400 12,430 200 620 3,210 6,300 12,320 1,040 5,730 6.24 3.09 1.04 .23 .35 .10 .04 1.33 .02 .07 .34 .67 1.32 .11 .61 n.a. n.a. 8 18 15 7 46 n.a. 48 14 8 5 4 8 n.a. n.a. n.a. 15 2 2 5 (3) n.a. (3) 2 10 19 33 4 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer.......................................... Engineering technicians, to ta l............................... Drafter................................................................ Electrical and electronic technicians................ Surveyor............................................................. Mechanical engineering technician................... Civil engineering technician .............................. All other engineering technicians...................... All other technicians.............................................. 15,590 780 13,230 6,730 770 2,820 670 830 1,410 1,580 1.67 .08 1.42 .72 .08 .30 .07 .09 .15 .17 n.a. 12 n.a. 17 28 9 26 21 n.a. n.a. n.a. 3 n.a. 4 1 7 1 2 n.a. n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly .................... All other service workers....................................... 5,740 2,800 1,410 490 560 480 .61 .30 .15 .05 .06 .05 n.a. 7 14 n.a. 41 n.a. n.a. 10 3 n.a. 1 n.a. Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations .............................. Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Diesel mechanic................................................ Engineering equipment mechanic..................... Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Air hammer operator............................................. Asbestos and insulation workers.......................... Asphalt heater tender............................................ Blaster, construction.............................................. Boilermaker............................................................. Bricklayer................................................................ Blueprinting machine operator.............................. Carpenter............................................................... Cement mason....................................................... Concrete mixer operator........................................ Concrete wall grinder operator ............................. Concrete rubber..................................................... Conduit mechanic.................................................. Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Dredge operator..................................................... Driller, hand ........................................................... Driller, machine ...................................................... Electrician............................................................... Fence erector......................................................... Fine grader ............................................................ 709,630 32,410 10,670 6,740 8,860 4,900 1,240 57,630 8,410 1,390 490 670 5,010 1,100 210 38,400 16,360 910 320 900 2,110 12,970 580 2,000 470 550 13,790 460 1,210 75.91 3.47 1.14 .72 .95 .52 .13 6.17 .90 .15 .05 .07 .54 .12 .02 4.11 1.75 .10 .03 .10 .23 1.39 .06 .21 .05 .06 1.48 .05 .13 n.a. n.a. 4 5 5 11 n.a. 2 9 18 13 20 15 17 15 5 4 17 21 16 25 6 14 23 28 33 18 38 12 n.a. n.a. 26 16 19 9 n.a. 58 10 1 2 2 2 2 1 23 22 2 1 1 1 19 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 See footnotes at end of table. 29 Table 11. Heavy construction contractors: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 16) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Fitter, pipelaying..................................................... Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Form setter, metal road-form ............................... Form tamper operator and/or tamping-machine operator............................................................ Heavy equipment operator.................................... Rigger..................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector................................................................ Line installer-repairer............................................ Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Metal fabricator...................................................... Millwright................................................................ O ile r........................................................................ Painter, maintenance............................................. Pipelayer................................................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Reinforcing iron worker.......................................... Trench sewer shaper............................................. Sheet metal w o rker............................................... Stationary engineer................................................ Layout worker, structural ste e l.............................. Structural steel w orker........................................... Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Surveyor helper...................................................... Asphalt mixing machine tender............................. Asphalt plant drier operator................................... Asphalt-plant operator........................................... Tester ..................................................................... Asphalt rake r.......................................................... Mixer, stone, clay, glass and related products..... Asbestos and insulation worker helper................. Bricklayer helper.................................................... Carpenter helper.................................................... Cement mason helper........................................... Electrician helper ................................................... Painter helper......................................................... Plumber and/or pipefitter helper........................... All other helpers, skilled trad e s............................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. 4,360 29,160 1,730 0.47 3.12 .19 24 4 11 1 32 3 590 119,900 3,010 2,620 1,510 18,670 1,000 1,820 1,000 3,680 4,810 2,640 28,310 26,530 9,420 820 620 120 1,380 6,800 20,350 1,660 1,150 580 2,470 540 13,120 120 260 300 6,900 6,490 3,100 590 6,100 9,760 10,220 19,560 137,510 .06 12.83 .32 .28 .16 2.00 .11 .19 .11 .39 .51 .28 3.03 2.84 1.01 .09 .07 .01 .15 .73 2.18 .18 .12 .06 .26 .06 1.40 .01 .03 .03 .74 .69 .33 .06 .65 1.04 1.09 2.09 14.71 16 2 16 17 20 12 34 14 24 11 6 14 6 11 12 25 26 45 29 12 8 9 10 14 7 26 5 28 37 34 8 8 17 19 29 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 72 2 3 1 4 1 4 1 3 11 3 22 5 5 1 1 (3) 1 2 15 4 4 2 9 1 16 0 (3) 1 7 8 1 1 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator.. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. Duplicating machine operator........................... Stenographer..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand............................................. File c le rk ............................................................ General office clerk............................................ Mail c le rk ........................................................... Order c le rk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel clerk.................................................. Procurement c le rk ............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... 62,810 57,870 340 1,110 770 120 230 290 3,930 5,730 1,920 13,220 260 200 7,330 580 460 760 13,260 370 790 6.72 6.19 .04 .12 .08 .01 .02 .03 .42 .61 .21 1.41 .03 .02 .78 .06 .05 .08 1.42 .04 .08 n.a. n.a. 13 7 10 32 16 20 6 4 17 8 14 23 4 11 24 7 4 11 7 n.a. n.a. 2 6 3 (3) 1 1 12 22 3 28 1 1 29 3 2 5 35 2 6 See footnotes at end of table. 30 Tattoo® 11. Hssivy construction contractors: Empfoymcmfi, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued! (SIC 16) Occupation Office clerical workers,— Continued Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t.................... All other office clerical workers........................ Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping and/or receiving c le rk ....................... Weigher, recordkeeping..................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd .............................................................. Dispatcher, vehicle, service or w o rk................. All other plant clerical workers......................... Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, sales associate, and/or sales representative, real estate............................... All other sales agents, associates, and/or representatives................................................. All other sales workers......................................... Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 3,410 1,190 1,600 4,940 690 640 370 0.36 .13 .17 .53 .07 .07 .04 7 17 n.a. n.a. 16 13 11 8 4 n.a. n.a. 2 2 2 2,240 720 280 .24 .08 .03 9 8 n.a. 5 4 n.a. 2,600 .28 n.a. n.a. 610 .07 21 2 1,900 90 .20 .01 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate "All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)2 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 31 Table 12. Special trade contractors: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, ftflay 1@81 (SIC 17) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Total............................................................... 2,201,820 100.00 - -- Managers and officers.............................................. 212,800 9.66 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Civil engineer..................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers................... Mechanical engineer.......................................... All other engineers............................................. Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Cost estimator, engineering................................... All other professional workers............................... 67,490 10,430 1,810 3,420 4,690 510 4,420 11,340 40,660 640 3.07 .47 .08 .16 .21 .02 .20 .52 1.85 .03 n.a. n.a. 10 13 7 n.a. 5 4 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 1 2 n.a. 4 8 22 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Engineering technicians, to ta l............................... Drafter................................................................ Electrical and electronic technicians................ Surveyor............................................................. All other engineering technicians...................... All other technicians.............................................. 19,200 18,310 7,660 9,590 360 700 890 .87 .83 .35 .44 .02 .03 .04 n.a. n.a. 5 11 44 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 4 1 (3) n.a. n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... All other service workers....................................... 14,010 12,660 1,030 320 .64 .57 .05 .01 n.a. 5 29 n.a. n.a. 7 (3) n.a. 1,674,100 80,040 4,680 1,510 2,940 14,590 76.03 3.64 .21 .07 .13 .66 n.a. n.a. 6 11 15 7 n.a. n.a. 3 1 1 5 51,420 4,900 43,400 1,760 35,340 8,020 52,160 3,360 14,220 88,520 38,400 2,150 510 1,700 7,170 730 1,630 37,720 223,650 14,380 300 1,450 27,670 3,660 13,090 17,180 51,750 3,350 410 540 8,860 10,950 2.34 .22 1.97 .08 1.61 .36 2.37 .15 .65 4.02 1.74 .10 .02 .08 .33 .03 .07 1.71 10.16 .65 .01 .07 1.26 .17 .59 .78 2.35 .15 .02 .02 .40 .50 3 n.a. 3 20 6 10 4 15 9 3 4 15 36 20 7 21 17 5 1 10 46 25 3 11 7 8 3 17 29 27 10 10 7 n.a. 18 (3) 3 1 6 (3) 2 11 8 1 0 (3) 2 (3) Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations .............................. Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Diesel mechanic................................................ Engineering equipment mechanic..................... Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Refrigeration mechanic and/or air conditioning mechanic...................................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................ Air hammer operator............................................. Asbestos and insulation workers.......................... Boilermaker............................................................. Bricklayer................................................................ Cabinetmaker.......................................................... Carpet cutter and/or carpet layer......................... Carpenter............................................................... Cement mason....................................................... Concrete mixer operator........................................ Concrete wall grinder operator............................. Concrete rubber..................................................... Crane, derrick, and hoist operators....................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Driller, machine ...................................................... Dry-wall applicator................................................. Electrician............................................................... Fence erector......................................................... Fitter, pipelaying..................................................... Floor sanding machine operator........................... Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Form setter, metal road-form ............................... Furnace installer and repairer, hot a ir................... G lazier.................................................................... Heavy equipment operator.................................... Rigger..................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector................................................................ L a the r..................................................................... Line installer-repairer............................................ See footnotes at end of table. 32 ft 3 12 1 ft ft 12 1 3 2 11 1 ft ft 1 1 Table 12. Special trade contractors: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 17) Occupation Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Metal fabricator...................................................... Millwright................................................................ Oil burner installer and servicer............................ O ile r........................................................................ Painter, maintenance............................................. Paperhanger........................................................... P ip e la y e r ............................................................. Plasterer................................................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Reinforcing iron worker......................................... Roofer..................................................................... Sheet metal worker ............................................... Stone mason .......................................................... Layout worker, structural ste e l.............................. Structural steel w orker.......................................... Taper ...................................................................... Tile setter............................................................... Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Asphalt ra k e r......................................................... Mixer, stone, clay, glass and related products..... Ceiling tile installer and/or floor layer................... Terrazzo worker ..................................................... Asbestos and insulation worker helper................. Bricklayer helper .................................................... Carpenter helper.................................................... Cement mason helper........................................... Electrician helper................................................... Painter helper......................................................... Paperhanger helper............................................... Plasterer helper...................................................... Plumber and/or pipefitter helper........................... Roofer helper.......................................................... Stone mason helper.............................................. Tile setter helper.................................................... Cabinetmaker helper............................................. Terrazzo worker helper.......................................... All other helpers, skilled trades ............................. All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 520 1,110 9,770 8,460 2,970 370 91,810 6,360 1,160 13,800 168,180 15,570 61,100 83,750 2,640 3,400 28,330 19,690 12,890 17,330 4,090 1,070 15,490 1,180 4,270 33,990 17,780 20,560 36,940 9,550 320 5,980 35,460 18,910 1,890 7,370 910 870 9,740 13,620 23,320 67,510 0.02 .05 .44 .38 .13 .02 4.17 .29 .05 .63 7.64 .71 2.77 3.80 .12 .15 1.29 .89 .59 .79 .19 .05 .70 .05 .19 1.54 .81 .93 1.68 .43 .01 .27 1.61 .86 .09 .33 .04 .04 .44 .62 1.06 3.07 34 28 9 11 14 24 2 9 27 8 2 9 2 3 19 14 6 6 8 6 11 35 8 25 13 5 6 6 4 7 34 10 4 4 19 10 25 29 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. (3) (3) 2 1 1 (3) 10 2 (3) 2 14 1 7 10 1 1 2 3 2 4 1 (3) 2 (3) 1 5 4 4 4 3 (3) 1 6 4 (3) 1 (3) (3) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand............................................. Cashier................................................ ............... General office clerk........................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Secretary ........................................................... Typist.................................................................. All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping and/or receiving c le rk ....................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. Dispatcher, vehicle, service or w o rk................. All other plant clerical workers......................... 183,140 168,030 1,710 240 7,690 30,490 280 49,430 14,640 51,510 9,620 2,420 15,110 260 330 8.32 7.63 .08 .01 .35 1.38 .01 2.24 .66 2.34 .44 .11 .69 .01 .01 n.a. n.a. 8 19 4 2 39 2 3 2 4 n.a. n.a. 27 20 n.a. n.a. 1 (3) 5 22 (3) 25 13 31 7 n.a. n.a. (3) 0 13,710 550 260 .62 .02 .01 4 19 n.a. 8 (3) n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... 31,080 1.41 n.a. n.a. See footnotes at end of table. 33 Table 12. Special trade contractors: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected ©eeypattoms, May 1081—Comtanuedl (SIC 17) Occupation Sales occupations—Continued Sales agent, sales associate, and/or sales representative, real estate............................... All other sales agents, associates, and/or representatives................................................. Sales c le rk ............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 4,280 0.19 9 1 25,830 970 1.17 .04 n.a. 27 n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)2 a employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 34 Finance, lougwsiini©®, loud] iitili© follows: Managers and officers, 21 percent; profes sionals, 8 percent; sales and service workers, each 2 per cent; and technical workers and maintenance, construc tion, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers, 1 percent each. The tabulation below lists the five most populous oc cupations in credit agencies, excluding banks: In 1981, finance, insurance, and real estate employed approximately 5.3 million workers or 22 percent of all workers in the industries surveyed. The insurance and real estate industry, with 2.7 million workers, accounted for more than half of total employment in this industry division. Banking institutions and credit agencies ac counted for 42 percent; security and commodity brok ers and investment services made up the remaining 7 percent. Occupational employment for these industries is shown in tables 13 through 20. T eller.................................................. General office clerk.......................... Credit clerk ....................................... Collector............................................. Secretary............................................. iamks m d ©rodit ©geneses This industry group (SIC’s 60 and 61) includes establishments engaging in deposit banking and other closely related functions or extending credit in the form o f loans. In 1981, these establishments employed 2.2 million workers, accounting for 9 percent o f surveyed employ ment. Banking institutions made up 73 percent of employment in this industry group. Most of these workers were employed in commercial and stock savings banks. Credit agencies other than banks employed the remaining 27 percent. As shown in table 13, banking institutions employed nearly 1.2 million clerical workers in 1981, or 72 percent o f the workers in this industry group. Managers and of ficers ranked second with 18 percent. The remaining oc cupational employment in banking institutions was distributed as follows: Professional workers, 6 percent; service workers, 2 percent; and sales workers, technical workers, and maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and power plant workers, about 1 percent each. The five largest occupations in banks are listed in the tabulation below: Teller........................................... General office clerk................. Secretary.................................... Clerical supervisor................... Proof machine operator......... Employment Percent o f industry employment 364,870 120,060 77,740 63,900 46,030 22.6 7.4 4.8 4.0 2.9 Percent o f industry employment 98,420 35,600 30,010 26,870 23,020 16.8 6.1 5.1 4.6 3.9 S@©urity and©©mmodity brokers and investment s®rvi©®s Establishments in this industry group (sic ’s 62 and 67) engage in the underwriting, purchase, sale, or brokerage of securities; exchange o f securities and com modities; and investment trusts, including investment, holding, and commodity trading companies. In 1981, security and commodity brokers and services employed 261,350 or 69 percent o f the workers in this industry group. Holding and other investment offices accounted for the remaining employment, with 120,360 workers. Clerical workers, the largest occupational group in this industry, accounted for 48 percent o f total employ ment in security and commodity brokers and 36 percent o f employment in holding and other investment offices. Other occupational groups with large numbers of workers in these industries were sales workers (26 per cent) and managers and officers (13 percent) in security and commodity brokers and services; and managers and officers (28 percent) and professionals (19 percent) in holding and other investment offices. As shown in table 15, the five most populous occupa tions in security and commodity brokers and services are listed below: Securities sales agent........................ Secretary............................................. Brokerage c lerk ................................ General office clerk.......................... Broker’s floor representative, securities trader, or securities specialist......................................... Clerical workers also were predominant in credit agencies other than banks, accounting for two-thirds of total employment in this industry (table 14). The re maining occupational employment was distributed as Employment 35 Employment Percent o f industry employment 56,020 26,340 14,860 13,680 21.4 10.1 5.7 5.2 9,460 3.6 counted for 20 percent. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Sales workers, 13 percent; pro fessionals, 12 percent; service workers, about 1 percent; and technical workers and maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers, less than 1 percent. The five largest occupations in insurance agents, brokers, and services are listed below: As shown in table 16, the five largest occupations in holding and other investment offices are listed below: Employment Secretary............................................. Accountant or a u d ito r ................... General office clerk................................ Accounting clerk.............................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners___ 14,070 8,130 7,070 3,900 2,500 Percent o f industry employment 11.7 6.8 5.9 3.2 2.1 Insurance and real estate This industry group (sic’s 63-66) includes insurance carriers of all types; agents and brokers dealing in in surance and organizations offering services to insurance companies and policyholders; real estate operators, owners and lessors o f real property, developers, agents, and brokers; and establishments regularly engaged in any combination o f insurance, real estate, loans, and law where no one of these activities dominates the business. In 1981, these establishments employed 2.7 million workers or 11 percent o f the workers covered by the survey. Insurance carriers accounted for 45 percent of the employment in this industry group. Forty-four per cent of these workers were employed in establishments underwriting life insurance. The real estate industry employed 37 percent of the workers in this industry group. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Insurance agents, brokers, and services, 17 percent; and combined real estate, insurance, loan, and law offices, 1 percent. As shown in table 17, clerical workers, numbering 665,520, accounted for 54 percent o f total employment in insurance carriers. Other occupational groups with large numbers of these workers were sales workers and professionals, each with 15 percent of insurance carrier employment. The five most populous occupations in insurance car riers, together accounting for about one-third of total industry employment, are listed in the tabulation below: Insurance sales agent, associate, or representative.......................... General office clerk.......................... Secretary............................................. T y p ist................................................. Claim examiner—life, accident, and health insurance................... Employment Percent o f industry employment 176,270 92,520 54,450 51,880 14.3 7.5 4.4 4.2 41,440 3.4 Insurance sales agent, associate, or representative.......................... General office clerk.......................... Secretary............................................. Underwriter....................................... R ater................................................... Percent o f industry employment 58,780 42,620 34,250 24,060 19,180 12.7 9.2 7.4 5.2 4.1 The largest occupational group in real estate was serv ice workers with 239,540 or 24 percent of total industry employment (table 19). Large numbers of real estate workers were also found in maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations, 22 percent; and in clerical occupations, 19 percent. The five most populous occupations in real estate, ac counting for one-third of employment, are listed in the tabulation below: Real estate sales agent, associate, or representative.......................... Maintenance repairer, general u tility ............................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers . . . Secretary............................................. Guards and doorkeepers................. Employment Percent o f industry employment 90,490 9.1 86,450 64,950 46,990 41,940 8.7 6.5 4.7 4.2 In combined real estate, insurance, loan, and law of fices, clerical workers made up the largest occupational group, with 38 percent of industry employment (table 20). Sales workers and managers and officers each ac counted for 23 percent. The five largest occupations in combined real estate, insurance, loan, and law offices are listed below: General office clerk.......................... Secretary............................................. Real estate sales agent, associate, or representative.......................... Insurance sales agent, associate, or representative.......................... Underwriter....................................... Clerical workers also accounted for more than half—53 percent—o f total employment in insurance agents, brokers, and services (table 18). Managers and officers, the second largest occupational group, ac Employment 36 Employment Percent o f industry employment 2,060 1,810 10.7 9.4 1,740 9.0 1,360 1,010 7.0 5.2 Table 13. Banking: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting occupations, May 1981 (SIC 60) Occupation Total............................................................... Percent of total employment Employment1 100.00 1,617,870 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation -- - Managers and officers.............................................. 297,230 18.37 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers............................................................... Financial analyst.................................................... Economist.............................................................. Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Budget analyst........................................................ Credit analyst, ch ie f............................................... Credit analyst.......................................................... Lawyer.................................................................... Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Public relations practitioner................................... Appraiser, real estate............................................ Travel agent and/or travel accommodations appraiser........................................................... All other professional workers............................... 89,250 380 3,370 670 9,380 1,720 18,380 1,630 3,910 8,590 1,260 5,510 3,770 2,840 5.52 .02 .21 .04 .58 .11 1.14 .10 .24 .53 .08 .34 .23 .18 n.a. 38 10 11 16 6 6 10 9 8 12 7 8 10 n.a. 2 9 2 13 16 40 9 17 23 6 23 19 10 370 27,470 .02 1.70 40 n.a. 1 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer.......................................... Engineering technicians......................................... Mathematical technician ........................................ All other technicians.............................................. 12,240 9,940 450 230 1,620 .76 .61 .03 .01 .10 n.a. 9 32 37 n.a. n.a. 17 1 1 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly .................... All other service workers....................................... 39,650 23,920 10,750 3,090 1,010 880 2.45 1.48 .66 .19 .06 .05 n.a. 4 6 10 9 n.a. n.a. 46 17 8 6 n.a. Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations .............................. Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Carpenter............................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Painter, maintenance............................................. Parking-lot attendant............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Chauffeur................................................................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. 8,670 1,190 280 910 190 600 190 720 1,860 200 220 1,080 360 610 400 530 520 .54 .07 .02 .06 .01 .04 .01 .04 .11 .01 .01 .07 .02 .04 .02 .03 .03 n.a. n.a. 17 n.a. 13 18 14 12 8 15 11 13 14 27 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. 2 2 1 6 8 1 2 5 1 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Addressing machine operator........................... Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. Proof machine operator..................................... Inserting and/or labeling machine operator..... Duplicating machine operator........................... All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer..................................................... Accounting c le rk ................................................ Bookkeeper, ha n d ............................................. 1,157,520 1,148,490 630 9,390 15,520 14,740 6,960 46,030 310 1,110 5,970 6,010 29,940 14,990 71.55 70.99 .04 .58 .96 .91 .43 2.85 .02 .07 .37 .37 1.85 .93 n.a. n.a. 13 9 5 10 13 4 19 8 n.a. 13 5 7 n.a. n.a. 4 16 29 20 9 62 2 7 n.a. 13 42 24 See footnotes at end of table. 37 Tab!© 13. Banking: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981-—Continued (SIC 60) Occupation Office clerical workers,— Continued Adjustment clerk................................................ Cashier............................................................... Checking clerk, bank records........................... Collector............................................................ Credit reporter.................................................... File c le rk ............................................................ Insurance c le rk .................................................. General office clerk........................................... Mail c le rk ........................................................... Messenger, bank............................................... New-accounts te lle r........................................... Order c le rk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk............................................. Receptionist....................................................... Safe-deposit clerk............................................. Secretary............................................................ Statement clerk ................................................. Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Messenger.......................................................... T e lle r.................................................................. Transit clerk ....................................................... Travel clerk ........................................................ Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t.................... Credit c le rk ......................................................... Mortgage closing c le rk ...................................... Sorting clerk, b a n k ............................................ Loan clo se r........................................................ All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping and/or receiving c le rk ........................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. All other plant clerical workers......................... Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, financial service/bank...................... All other sales agents, associates, and/or representatives................................................. Sales c le rk ............................................................. Employment1 Percent of total employment Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 7,040 3,720 15,430 17,410 4,170 19,440 2,500 120,060 9,900 3,830 45,620 820 3,520 3,270 580 6,500 12,140 77,740 29,440 1,600 6,530 5,630 10,730 364,870 6,920 350 23,160 63,900 19,600 6,410 6,850 20,150 77,060 4,100 1,150 500 0.44 .23 .95 1.08 .26 1.20 .15 7.42 .61 .24 2.82 .05 .22 .20 .04 .40 .75 4.81 1.82 .10 .40 .35 .66 22.55 .43 .02 1.43 3.95 1.21 .40 .42 1.25 4.76 .25 .07 .03 9 17 7 5 8 6 8 2 5 10 3 15 7 4 11 8 5 3 5 11 4 6 5 1 9 33 9 4 4 6 8 5 n.a. n.a. 21 14 12 7 19 36 13 31 13 45 31 12 62 4 20 22 4 22 40 73 40 6 31 26 29 91 15 1 27 61 38 23 14 37 n.a. n.a. 2 2 2,230 220 .14 .01 7 n.a. 14 n.a. 13,310 10,540 .82 .65 n.a. 11 n.a. 12 2,530 240 .16 .01 n.a. 48 n.a. 0 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)1 2 38 Table 14. Credit agencies, except banks: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981 (SIC 61) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Total............................................................... 585,690 100.00 -- -- Managers and officers.............................................. 121,190 20.69 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers............................................................... Financial analyst .................................................... Economist.............................................................. Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Budget analyst........................................................ Credit analyst, ch ie f............................................... Credit analyst.......................................................... Lawyer.................................................................... Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Public relations practitioner................................... Appraiser, real estate............................................ All other professional workers............................... 46,010 80 1,040 80 2,360 690 9,760 370 4,260 11,360 840 1,770 2,340 5,150 5,910 7.86 .01 .18 .01 .40 .12 1.67 .06 .73 1.94 .14 .30 .40 .88 1.01 n.a. 24 10 15 6 6 3 10 6 4 6 4 5 4 n.a. n.a. 0 3 (3) 5 4 22 2 10 18 3 7 8 12 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians......................................... All other technicians.............................................. 4,160 3,070 70 1,020 .71 .52 .01 .17 n.a. 5 23 n.a. n.a. 6 (3) n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly .................... All other service workers....................................... 9,780 7,350 1,300 530 220 380 1.67 1.25 .22 .09 .04 .06 n.a. 4 11 8 21 n.a. n.a. 18 2 1 1 n.a. Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations .............................. Mechanics and repairers........................................ Carpenter............................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Supervisor, nonworking......................................... Inspector ................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Parking-lot attendant............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Chauffeur................................................................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. 2,910 370 140 110 280 120 590 250 60 90 350 270 280 .50 .06 .02 .02 .05 .02 .10 .04 .01 .02 .06 .05 .05 n.a. n.a. 43 16 15 39 9 13 24 34 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. (3) (3) 1 (3) 2 1 (3) (3) n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Addressing machine operator........................... Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator.. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. Proof machine operator.............................. ...... Inserting and/or labeling machine operator..... Duplicating machine operator........................... All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, ha n d ............................................. Adjustment cle rk................................................ Cashier............................................................... Checking clerk, bank records........................... C ollector............................................................. Credit reporter.................................................... File c le rk............................................................ Insurance c le rk ................................ ................. 388,760 387,810 80 1,550 4,610 2,350 980 420 90 500 940 1,460 15,370 8,050 1,230 8,090 2,180 26,870 1,180 5,790 3,560 66.38 66.21 .01 .26 .79 .40 .17 .07 .02 .09 .16 .25 2.62 1.37 .21 1.38 .37 4.59 .20 .99 .61 n.a. n.a. 23 9 n.a. n.a. (3) 5 11 6 2 1 (3) 2 n.a. See footnotes at end of table. 39 4 6 14 13 19 9 n.a. 7 3 4 8 6 7 3 16 4 5 4 27 21 2 10 4 36 2 12 9 Table 14. Credit agencies, except banks: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 61) Occupation Office clerical workers,—Continued General office clerk........................................... Mail c le rk ........................................................... Messenger, b a n k............................................... New-accounts teller.......................................... Order c le rk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel clerk.................................................. Procurement cle rk............................................. Receptionist....................................................... Safe-deposit clerk............................................. Secretary........................................................... Statement clerk ................................................. Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Messenger......................................................... T eller.................................................................. Transit c le rk ....................................................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... Credit c le rk......................................................... Mortgage closing c le rk ...................................... Sorting clerk, b a n k ............................................ Loan c lo se r........................................................ All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping and/or receiving c le rk ....................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. All other plant clerical workers......................... Sales occupations........... ......................................... Sales agent, financial service/bank...................... All other sales agents, associates, and/or representatives................................................. Sales c le rk ............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 3 3 17 2 17 5 3 15 4 9 2 7 10 4 3 5 1 24 4 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 31 9 1 22 1 7 5 1 13 4 37 7 1 7 15 7 41 1 16 34 38 16 1 36 n.a. n.a. (3) 1 35,600 2,970 460 20,350 440 1,620 1,090 210 3,850 1,460 23,020 3,520 450 1,720 3,420 1,960 98,420 200 10,270 22,750 30,010 8,650 440 20,370 9,260 950 150 140 6.08 .51 .08 3.47 .08 .28 .19 .04 .66 .25 3.93 .60 .08.29 .58 .33 16.80 .03 1.75 3.88 5.12 1.48 .08 3.48 1.58 .16 .03 .02 n.a. n.a. 15 13 600 60 .10 .01 6 3 n.a. n.a. 12,880 10,980 2.20 1.87 n.a. 5 n.a. 12 1,630 270 .28 .05 n.a. 28 n.a. 0 3 3 11 3 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)1 2 40 Table 15. Security and commodity brokers and services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1981 (SIC 62) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T otal............................................................... 261,350 100.00 - -- Managers and officers.............................................. 32,600 12.47 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations......................................... Engineers............................................................... Financial analyst.................................................... Statistician.............................................................. Economist.............................................................. Market research analyst........................................ Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Budget analyst........................................................ Lawyer.................................................................... Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Broker’s floor representative, securities trader and/or securities specialist.............................. All other professional workers............................... 31,350 110 6,190 580 220 780 1,830 280 4,050 260 730 600 12.00 .04 2.37 .22 .08 .30 .70 .11 1.55 .10 .28 .23 n.a. 27 12 22 16 19 17 12 9 15 14 16 n.a. 1 16 3 2 3 6 4 18 2 5 5 9,460 6,260 3.62 2.40 9 n.a. 19 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer.......................................... Engineering technicians......................................... All other technicians.............................................. 2,720 2,170 90 460 1.04 .83 .03 .18 n.a. 18 33 n.a. n.a. 7 (3) n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................ All other service workers....................................... 1,520 460 780 130 150 .58 .18 .30 .05 .06 n.a. 17 28 28 n.a. n.a. 4 2 1 n.a. Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations .............................. Supervisor, nonworking......................................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. 740 80 190 310 160 .28 .03 .07 .12 .06 n.a. 42 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 125,390 124,690 390 2,640 3,770 1,230 520 1,890 750 3,880 1,800 2,200 14,860 300 1,860 1,280 13,680 2,170 3,000 2,090 2,540 2,120 570 560 47.98 47.71 .15 1.01 1.44 .47 .20 .72 .29 1.48 .69 .84 5.69 .11 .71 .49 5.23 .83 1.15 .80 .97 .81 .22 .21 n.a. n.a. 22 13 14 15 13 n.a. 18 15 7 19 6 21 10 7 7 9 9 7 7 17 8 14 n.a. n.a. 2 13 10 7 4 n.a. 5 16 9 14 37 2 17 8 33 15 9 11 11 4 8 6 4,720 1,520 26,340 820 670 1.81 .58 10.08 .31 .26 7 9 5 12 14 16 16 69 5 3 Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. Duplicating machine operator........................... All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Dividend c le rk .................................................... Bookkeeper, h a n d............................................. Brokerage clerk ................................................. Capital analyst ................................................... Cashier............................................................... File c le rk............................................................. General office clerk............................................ Securities cashier, exchange............................ Trade recorder................................................... Mail c le rk ............................................................ Margin clerk ....................................................... Order c le rk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Purchase and sales clerk and/or securities order c le rk .................................................... Receptionist ....................................................... < Secretary ............................................................ Security description c le rk .................................. Statistical clerk................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 41 Table 15. Security and eommodilty brokers and services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1981—Continued (SIC 62) Occupation Office clerical workers,— Continued Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Messenger.......................................................... Transfer clerk..................................................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t.................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping and/or receiving c le rk ........................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd .............................................................. All other plant clerical workers......................... Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, securities........................................... Broker and market operator, commodities........... All other sales agents, associates, and/or representatives................................................. Sales c le rk ............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,140 1,850 5,840 1,940 4,440 4,680 6,630 700 170 220 0.44 .71 2.23 .74 1.70 1.79 2.54 .27 .07 .08 9 6 6 10 8 7 n.a. n.a. 34 26 12 29 17 10 18 24 n.a. n.a. 1 1 230 80 .09 .03 24 n.a. 2 n.a. 67,030 56,020 3,700 25.65 21.43 1.42 n.a. 3 15 n.a. 57 11 6,650 660 2.54 .25 n.a. 25 n.a. 1 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)2 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 42 Table 16. Holding and other investment offices: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June t981 (SIC 67) Occupation Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Total............................................................... 120,360 100.00 - -- Managers and officers.............................................. 33,160 27.55 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers............................................................... Financial analyst.................................................... All other mathematical scientists.......................... Physical scientists.................................................. Economist.............................................................. Market research analyst......................................... All other social scientists....................................... Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Budget analyst........................................................ Lawyer.................................................................... Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Broker’s floor representative, securities trader and/or securities specialist.............................. All other professional workers............................... 22,820 660 1,260 60 170 90 240 150 1,080 300 8,130 210 680 720 18.96 .55 1.05 .05 .14 .07 .20 .12 .90 .25 6.75 .17 .56 .60 n.a. 38 15 n.a. n.a. 19 35 n.a. 14 20 7 17 14 12 n.a. 3 9 n.a. n.a. 1 3 n.a. 9 4 38 3 7 8 310 8,760 .26 7.28 30 n.a. 3 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians......................................... All other technicians.............................................. 2,930 1,790 400 740 2.43 1.49 .33 .61 n.a. 12 34 n.a. n.a. 11 2 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... All other service workers....................................... 7,830 2,500 630 2,610 170 1,920 6.51 2.08 .52 2.17 .14 1.60 n.a. 31 n.a. 35 29 n.a. n.a. 15 n.a. 3 1 n.a. Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations.............................. Mechanics and repairers........................................ Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Chauffeur................................................................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. 4,280 160 120 130 290 2,010 370 1,200 3.56 .13 .10 .11 .24 1.67 .31 1.00 n.a. n.a. 40 34 32 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. (3) 2 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. 43,770 43,300 220 1,390 880 200 160 530 640 3,900 2,300 550 7,070 360 680 210 36.37 35.98 .18 1.15 .73 .17 .13 .44 .53 3.24 1.91 .46 5.87 .30 .56 .17 n.a. n.a. 35 14 18 25 28 n.a. 27 22 18 23 25 14 21 24 n.a. n.a. 2 12 9 2 2 n.a. 5 27 22 4 28 5 12 4 130 730 14,070 100 940 580 2,430 .11 .61 11.69 .08 .78 .48 2.02 37 22 8 41 24 23 19 2 12 65 2 16 7 15 Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, total .................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................. Keypunch operator............................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. Duplicating machine operator........................... All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, ha n d............................................. File c le rk............................................................ General office clerk........................................... Mail c le rk ........................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel clerk.................................................. Purchase and sales clerk and/or securities order c le rk .................................................... Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary........................................................... Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Messenger......................................................... Typist.................................................................. See footnotes at end of table. 43 Table 16. Holding and other investment offices: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1981—Continued (SIC 67) Occupation Office clerical workers,—Continued Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t.................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd .............................................................. All other plant clerical workers......................... Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, financial service/bank...................... Sales agent, securities........................................... Broker and market operator, commodities........... All other sales agents, associates, and/or representatives................................................. Sales c le rk ............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,750 3,480 470 1.45 2.89 .39 26 n.a. n.a. 17 n.a. n.a. 250 220 .21 .18 25 n.a. 2 n.a. 5,570 180 1,500 460 4.63 .15 1.25 .38 n.a. 45 40 34 n.a. 1 2 1 2,990 440 2.48 .37 n.a. 47 n.a. 1 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)2 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 44 Table 17. Insurance carriers: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981 (SIC 63) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Total............................................................... 1,234,950 100.00 - - Managers and officers.............................................. 150,900 12.22 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers............................................................... Actuary................................................................... Financial analyst .................................................... Statistician.............................................................. All other mathematical scientists.......................... Economist.............................................................. All other social scientists....................................... Systems analyst, electronic data processing........ Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Appraiser, general merchandise and related........ Budget analyst........................................................ Credit analyst.......................................................... Hospital insurance representative ......................... Investigator, insurance .......................................... Law clerk................................................................ Lawyer.................................................................... Librarian, professional........................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Paralegal personnel............................................... Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Physician and/or surgeon...................................... Public relations practitioner................................... Safety inspector..................................................... Title examiner and/or abstractor.......................... Appraiser, real estate............................................ Special agent, insurance........................................ Claim examiner, property and/or casualty insurance........................................................... Building inspector, fire insurance.......................... Underwriter............................................................. All other professional workers............................... 183,890 2,080 4,550 1,930 1,380 570 190 170 15,350 1,000 15,660 880 1,220 370 570 6,500 240 5,120 360 1,460 670 4,950 510 1,110 6,060 6,130 400 23,500 14.89 .17 .37 .16 .11 .05 .02 .01 1.24 .08 1.27 .07 .10 .03 .05 .53 .02 .41 .03 .12 .05 .40 .04 .09 .49 .50 .03 1.90 n.a. 12 7 12 20 n.a. 20 n.a. 6 5 4 16 8 21 11 11 14 5 11 6 12 6 18 8 7 7 13 6 n.a. 3 6 3 3 n.a. (3) n.a. 10 6 23 2 4 1 1 5 1 10 2 6 2 12 2 4 11 8 1 25 15,630 720 45,280 19,330 1.27 .06 3.67 1.57 6 22 3 n.a. 13 1 29 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Drafter..................................................................... Licensed practical nurse........................................ Mathematical technician ........................................ All other technicians.............................................. 25,990 20,590 430 130 380 4,460 2.10 1.67 .03 .01 .03 .36 n.a. 6 29 29 14 n.a. n.a. 11 1 (3) 1 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Maid ........................................................................ All other janitors, porters, and cleaners................ Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly .................... All other service workers....................,................. 14,190 1,070 6,160 2,150 2,540 310 1,960 1.15 .09 .50 .17 .21 .03 .16 n.a. 11 n.a. 9 11 22 n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. 3 3 1 n.a. Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations .............................. Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................ Carpenter............................................................... Compositor and/or typesetter............................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking......................................... Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Painter, maintenance............................................. Press operator and/or plate printer...................... 9,000 620 300 320 180 230 550 170 320 650 1,330 180 180 1,900 .73 .05 .02 .03 .01 .02 .04 .01 .03 .05 .11 .01 .01 .15 n.a. n.a. 15 n.a. 22 14 8 22 14 11 6 19 13 9 n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. 1 1 2 1 1 3 4 1 1 4 See footnotes at end of table. 45 Tabi@ 17. insurance carriers: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 63) Occupation Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Stationary engineer................................................ Gardeners and groundskeepers........................... Chauffeur................................................................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 400 400 150 540 630 570 0.03 .03 .01 .04 .05 .05 14 11 12 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 2 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator.. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. Duplicating machine operator........................... All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer..................................................... Accounting cle rk................................................ Actuarial c le rk .................................................... Bookkeeper, hand............................................. Cancellation clerk ...*........................................... Cashier............................................................... Claim adjuster.................................................... Claims clerk........................................................ Collector............................................................ Correspondence clerk........................................ Credit reporter.................................................... File c le rk............................................................ Insurance c le rk .................................................. General office clerk........................................... Library assistant................................................. Mail c le rk ........................................................... Order c le rk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Policy change c le rk........................................... R a te r.................................................................. Real estate c le rk ............................................... Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ........................................................... Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator........................................ Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Messenger......................................................... Title searcher..................................................... Typist.................................................................. Worksheet clerk................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t.................... Insurance checker............................................. Credit c le rk......................................................... Claim examiner, life, accident and health insurance...................................................... Loan c lo se r........................................................ All other office clerical workers........................ Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping and/or receiving c le rk ........................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. All other plant clerical workers......................... 665,520 660,910 2,400 11,240 19,310 3,910 2,330 7,240 9,300 26,680 1,820 5,850 2,190 7,060 33,920 32,440 2,850 14,210 150 35,020 3,880 92,520 140 12,650 1,470 2,720 2,480 16,020 32,520 2,410 3,280 54,450 3,880 2,070 4,220 2,310 2,690 51,880 9,930 38,630 12,310 280 53.89 53.52 .19 .91 1.56 .32 .19 .59 .75 2.16 .15 .47 .18 .57 2.75 2.63 .23 1.15 .01 2.84 .31 7.49 .01 1.02 .12 .22 .20 1.30 2.63 .20 .27 4.41 .31 .17 .34 .19 .22 4.20 .80 3.13 1.00 .02 n.a. n.a. 11 6 5 9 9 n.a. 6 3 9 6 8 5 5 5 9 7 24 3 26 3 14 3 13 6 4 5 3 25 6 3 9 5 4 7 11 3 6 3 4 22 n.a. n.a. 5 15 15 5 6 n.a. 16 26 4 16 5 18 20 25 4 8 1 32 2 46 1 21 3 9 11 15 20 2 12 56 5 10 24 7 5 40 9 35 15 1 41,440 2,130 46,680 4,610 1,130 560 3.36 .17 3.78 .37 .09 .05 5 12 n.a. n.a. 17 9 19 5 n.a. n.a. 1 2 2,260 660 .18 .05 6 n.a. 7 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Business broker .................................. .................. Sales agent, sales associate, and/or sales representative, real estate............................... 185,460 710 15.02 .06 n.a. 41 n.a. f) 4,590 .37 21 See footnotes at end of table. 46 1 Table 17. Insurance carriers: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 63) Occupation Sales occupations—Continued Sales agent, associate, and/or representative, insurance........................................................... All other sales agents, associates, and/or representatives................................................. Sales c le rk ............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 176,270 14.27 2 46 3,270 620 .26 .05 n.a. 28 n.a. 1 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)2 47 Table 18. Insurance agents, brokers, and services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981 (SIC 64) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Total............................................................... 463,480 100.00 - -- Managers and officers.............................................. 92,560 19.97 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers............................................................... Actuary ................................................................... Financial analyst .................................................... Statistician.............................................................. Systems analyst, electronic data processing........ Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Appraiser, general merchandise and related........ Budget analyst........................................................ Credit analyst.......................................................... Hospital insurance representative ........................ Investigator, insurance .......................................... Law clerk................................................................ Lawyer.................................................................... Librarian, professional........................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Paralegal personnel............................................... Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Public relations practitioner................................... Safety inspector..................................................... Title examiner and/or abstractor.......................... Appraiser, real estate............................................ Special agent, insurance........................................ Claim examiner, property and/or casualty insurance.......................................................... Building inspector, fire insurance.......................... Underwriter............................................................. All other professional workers............................... 57,260 790 970 150 220 970 220 4,780 420 60 50 60 2,710 70 440 50 810 90 390 120 1,850 920 200 9,480 12.35 .17 .21 .03 .05 .21 .05 1.03 .09 .01 .01 .01 .58 .02 .09 .01 .17 .02 .08 .03 .40 .20 .04 2.05 n.a. 26 15 23 21 10 12 5 19 22 32 33 12 27 12 19 22 18 7 32 13 17 38 6 n.a. 1 1 (3) (3) 1 1 9 1 (3) 0 (3) 2 (3) 1 (3) (3) (3) 1 (3) 3 1 (3) 10 4,290 900 24,060 2,190 .93 .19 5.19 .47 6 19 3 n.a. 5 1 19 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer.......................................... Drafter..................................................................... All other technicians.............................................. 2,780 2,120 280 380 .60 .46 .06 .08 n.a. 14 38 n.a. n.a. 2 (3) n.a. Service occupations ................................................. M aid........................................................................ All other janitors, porters, and cleaners................ Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................ All other service workers....................................... 4,130 740 2,470 350 190 380 .89 .16 .53 .08 .04 .08 n.a. 13 n.a. 50 37 n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. O (3) n.a. Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations.............................. Supervisor, nonworking......................................... Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Press operator and/or plate printer ...................... Chauffeur................................................................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. 710 60 80 80 60 140 180 110 .15 .01 .02 .02 .01 .03 .04 .02 n.a. 31 n.a. (3) (3) (3) (3) n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. Duplicating machine operator........................... All other office machine operators................... Stenographer .................................................... Accounting cle rk............................................... Actuarial c le rk ................................................... Bookkeeper, ha n d............................................ 244,600 244,250 2,790 1,410 2,040 540 230 720 4,160 8,750 500 10,710 52.77 52.70 .60 .30 n.a. n.a. 6 6 n.a. n.a. 7 .44 7 2 .12 .05 .16 .90 1.89 .11 2.31 13 15 n.a. 6 See footnotes at end of table. 48 33 20 35 n.a. n.a. n.a. 3 1 3 (3) n.a. 7 16 14 O 3 21 Table 18. insurance agents, brokers, and services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 64) Occupation Office clerical workers,— Continued Cancellation cle rk.............................................. Cashier............................................................... Claim adjuster.................................................... Claims clerk........................................................ Collector............................................................ Correspondence clerk........................................ Credit reporter.................................................... File c le rk............................................................ Insurance c le rk .................................................. General office clerk........................................... Mail c le rk ........................................................... Order c le rk ........................................................ Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Policy change c le rk........................................... R a te r.................................................................. Real estate c le rk............................................... Receptionist....................................................... Secretary........................................................... Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Messenger......................................................... Title searcher..................................................... Typist.................................................................. Worksheet clerk................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... Insurance checker............................................. Credit c le rk......................................................... Claim examiner, life, accident and health insurance...................................................... Loan c lo s e r........................................................ All other office clerical workers........................ Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping and/or receiving c le rk ........................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ......... .................................................... All other plant clerical workers......................... Sales occupations..................................................... Placer...................................................................... Sales agent, sales associate, and/or sales representative, real estate............................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative, insurance........................................................... All other sales agents, associates, and/or representatives................................................. All other sales workers .......................................... Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 760 1,650 14,920 12,720 290 950 320 10,720 570 42,620 1,580 180 1,090 430 8,030 19,180 460 3,730 34,250 530 890 4,590 360 400 16,350 1,800 12,450 10,040 50 0.16 .36 3.22 2.74 .06 .20 .07 2.31 .12 9.20 .34 .04 .24 .09 1.73 4.14 .10 .80 7.39 .11 .19 .99 .08 .09 3.53 .39 2.69 2.17 .01 9 7 5 3 14 12 39 3 21 2 4 31 8 7 5 3 18 5 2 16 8 3 10 26 3 8 3 4 32 2 4 9 22 1 1 (3) 17 (3) 34 4 (3) 3 1 9 18 1 9 40 1 3 15 1 (3) 19 2 18 10 (3) 6,300 490 3,700 350 70 100 1.36 .11 .80 .08 .02 .02 6 19 n.a. n.a. 33 22 5 1 n.a. n.a. (3) (3) 140 40 .03 .01 16 n.a. (3) n.a. 61,440 1,220 13.26 .26 n.a. 12 n.a. 1 300 .06 27 58,780 12.68 2 47 1,100 40 .24 .01 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. (3) employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)1 2 49 Table 19. Real estate: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981 (SIC 65) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T otal............................................................... 998,870 100.00 - - Managers and officers.............................................. 173,470 17.37 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers............................................................... Financial analyst .................................................... All other mathematical scientists.......................... Systems analyst, electronic data processing........ Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Landscape architect.............................................. Architect................................................................. Budget analyst........................................................ Lawyer.................................................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Paralegal personnel............................................... Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Public relations practitioner................................... Title examiner and/or abstractor.......................... Appraiser, real estate............................................ All other professional workers............................... 36,050 1,420 200 130 340 560 12,450 140 250 220 720 700 160 320 700 4,740 7,560 5,440 3.61 .14 .02 .01 .03 .06 1.25 .01 .03 .02 .07 .07 .02 .03 .07 .47 .76 .54 n.a. 15 27 n.a. 18 14 5 27 21 14 16 17 25 12 12 4 10 n.a. n.a. 1 0 n.a. (3) 1 12 (3) (3) (3) 1 (3) (3) 1 1 4 4 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer.......................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ Surveyor............................................................. All other engineering technicians...................... Licensed practical nurse....................................... All other technicians.............................................. 4,620 750 2,070 1,670 140 260 500 1,300 .46 .08 .21 .17 .01 .03 .05 .13 n.a. 24 n.a. 13 36 n.a. 20 n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. 2 (3) n.a. (3) n.a. Service occupations ................................................. M aid ........................................................................ All other janitors, porters, and cleaners................ Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly .................... Elevator operator................................................ „. Lifeguard ........................................... .-................... All other service workers ....................................... 239,540 38,310 115,570 41,940 15,100 4,940 5,940 2,530 15,210 23.98 3.84 11.57 4.20 1.51 .49 .59 .25 1.52 n.a. 4 n.a. 4 7 9 12 14 n.a. n.a. 15 n.a. 11 2 4 1 1 n.a. 221,940 2,920 510 760 22.22 .29 .05 .08 n.a. n.a. 20 20 n.a. n.a. 1 1 990 660 480 11,970 350 900 10,270 86,450 10,160 12,010 760 130 460 1,970 64,950 930 2,180 4,330 10,720 .10 .07 .05 1.20 .04 .09 1.03 8.65 1.02 1.20 .08 .01 .05 .20 6.50 .09 .22 .43 1.07 19 n.a. 25 7 29 12 5 3 7 6 19 31 28 14 3 23 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. (3) 6 (3) 1 10 33 5 8 1 (3) (3) 1 25 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations .............................. Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Refrigeration mechanic and/or air conditioning mechanic...................................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................ Carpenter............................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Painter, maintenance............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Press operator and/or plate printer ...................... Stationary boiler fire r............................................. Stationary engineer............................................... Gardeners and groundskeepers .......................... Chauffeur............................................................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers.......... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers............. See footnotes at end of table. 50 Table 19. Real estate: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 65) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. Duplicating machine operator........................... All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting cle rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand............................................. Cashier............................................................... Collector ............................................................ Correspondence clerk....................................... File c le rk............................................................ General office clerk........................................... Mail c le rk ........................................................... Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Real estate c le rk ............................................... Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary........................................................... Switchboard operator........................................ Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Messenger......................................................... Title searcher..................................................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... Credit c le rk......................................................... Loan closer ........................................................ All other office clerical workers........................ Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ........................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. All other plant clerical workers......................... 192,580 191,470 350 900 1,970 180 150 160 1,840 12,460 21,970 2,300 470 120 910 38,520 390 320 780 250 10,330 10,770 46,990 3,190 8,010 760 2,840 8,260 8,950 180 2,500 4,650 1,110 180 160 19.28 19.17 .04 .09 .20 .02 .02 .02 .18 1.25 2.20 .23 .05 .01 .09 3.86 .04 .03 .08 .03 1.03 1.08 4.70 .32 .80 .08 .28 .83 .90 .02 .25 .47 .11 .02 .02 n.a. n.a. 15 11 11 37 15 n.a. 12 5 3 14 18 21 10 3 10 25 7 10 7 6 3 13 7 11 6 5 6 32 10 n.a. n.a. 27 23 n.a. n.a. 1 2 2 O (3) n.a. 2 12 24 1 1 (3) 1 26 1 (3) 2 1 7 11 35 3 9 1 2 8 9 (3) 2 n.a. n.a. (3) (3) 410 360 .04 .04 18 n.a. 1 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Business broker ..................................................... Real estate broker................................................. Sales agent, sales associate, and/or sales representative, real estate............................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative, insurance........................................................... All other sales agents, associates, and/or representatives................................................. Sales c le rk ............................................................. 130,670 790 16,550 13.08 .08 1.66 n.a. 20 7 n.a. 1 10 90,490 9.06 4 15 2,840 .28 18 1 18,770 1,230 1.88 .12 n.a. 19 n.a. 1 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated 51 Table 20. Combined real estate, insurance, loan, and law offices: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981 (SIC 66) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Total............................................................... 19,320 100.00 -- - Managers and officers.............................................. 4,420 22.88 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Accountants and auditors...................................... Investigator, insurance .......................................... Title examiner and/or abstractor.......................... Appraiser, real estate............................................ Underwriter............................................................. All other professional workers............................... 1,550 110 70 70 180 1,010 110 8.02 .57 .36 .36 .93 5.23 .57 n.a. 18 21 41 18 10 n.a. n.a. 5 4 1 7 19 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. 10 .05 n.a. n.a. Service occupations ................................................. M aid........................................................................ All other janitors, porters, and cleaners................ All other service workers....................................... 1,030 120 870 40 5.33 .62 4.50 .21 n.a. 26 n.a. n.a. n.a. 3 n.a. n.a. Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations.............................. Carpenter............................................................... Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. 470 60 230 80 50 50 2.43 .31 1.19 .41 .26 .26 n.a. 26 16 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 4 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting cle rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand............................................. Cashier............................................................... Claims clerk........................................................ General office clerk........................................... Real estate c le rk ............................................... Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ........................................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers........................ 7,390 7,390 180 210 230 790 120 80 2,060 430 320 1,810 140 470 290 260 38.25 38.25 .93 1.09 1.19 4.09 .62 .41 10.66 2.23 1.66 9.37 .72 2.43 1.50 1.35 n.a. n.a. 15 19 13 7 20 25 7 13 13 6 17 13 15 n.a. n.a. n.a. 7 4 9 28 4 1 38 12 9 44 7 12 9 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Placer...................................................................... Real estate broker................................................. Sales agent, sales associate, and/or sales representative, real estate............................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative, insurance.......................................................... All other sales agents, associates, and/or representatives................................................. 4,450 220 760 23.03 1.14 3.93 n.a. 19 9 n.a. 5 18 1,740 9.01 7 21 1,360 7.04 7 30 370 1.92 n.a. n.a. employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. n.a. = not available. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated 52 SdreBesi These establishments employed 905,430 work ers in 1981, or 3 percent o f all workers in the industries surveyed and 7 percent o f the workers employed in serv ices. The two largest employers of these workers were laundry, cleaning, and garment services, with 39 per cent, and barber shops, with 31 percent. As shown in table 22, the personal services industry employed 325,260 service workers, who accounted for 36 percent o f total industry employment. Other occupa tional groups with large numbers of personal service workers include maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers, with 28 percent of employment, and clerical workers, with 16 percent. The tabulation below lists the five most populous oc cupations in the industry: This industry division includes establishments which provide a wide variety of services for individuals, businesses, government, and other organizations. In 1981, services employed approximately 13.2 million workers or 55 percent of the workers covered by the survey. The largest industry segment in services was business services, with 25 percent o f employment. Tables 21 through 33 present occupational employment for each o f the industry segments in services. Hotels send ® fe r lodging plai©<is This industry (sic 70) includes commercial and in dustrial establishments furnishing lodging, lodging and meals, and camping space and facilities on a fee basis. In 1981, these establishments employed approximate ly 1.1 million workers, constituting 5 percent of all workers covered by the survey and nearly 9 percent of the workers employed in services. Hotels, motels, and tourist courts employed 97 percent of these workers. The largest occupational group in hotels and other lodging places consisted of 738,310 service workers, ac counting for 65 percent of total employment (table 21). Clerical workers ranked second with 16 percent. The third largest occupational group was maintenance, con struction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers, with 8 percent of total employment. The re maining occupational employment was distributed as follows: Managers and officers, 7 percent; professional workers, 2 percent; sales workers, 1 percent; and technical workers, only 0.2 percent of total employ ment. The five most populous occupations in hotels and other lodging places, together accounting for half of total employment, are listed in the tabulation below: M a id ................... W aiter/waitress. Desk clerk........... Kitchen helper .. Cook, restaurant Employment Percent o f industry employment 239,160 150,230 87,920 49,620 42,760 21.2 13.3 7.8 4.4 3.8 Employment Cosmetologist or hairstylist Counter clerk........................ Delivery or route worker .. Reducing instructor............. Barber.................................... 21.8 6.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 Business services Establishments in this industry (sic 73) render serv ices to business establishments on a fee or contract basis. These services include advertising; mailing ser vices; building maintenance services; employment and personnel supply services; management and consulting services; protective services; equipment rental and leas ing; and commercial research, development, and testing. Business services employed approximately 3.2 million workers in 1981, or 14 percent of all workers covered by the survey and 25 percent of the workers in services industries. As shown in table 23, the largest occupational group in business services consisted of 936,460 clerical workers, who accounted for 29 percent of industry employment. Service workers constituted 26 percent. The third largest occupational group was made up of 460,250 maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers, with 14 percent of total employment. Professional workers ranked fourth with about 13 percent. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Managers and officers, with 9 percent; technical workers, 6 percent; and sales workers, 4 percent. Personal sendees Establishments in this industry (SIC 72) provide serv ices generally involving care o f the person or o f apparel, including laundries, dry cleaning plants, portrait photographic studios, and beauty and barber shops. 197,340 56.560 29.560 29,550 28,230 Percent o f industry employment 53 The five most populous occupations in business ser vices are listed below: Employment Guards and doorkeepers........... Secretary...................................... General office clerk................... Sales agent, associate, or representative.......................... House cleaner ............................ Percent o f industry employment 306,970 125,830 114,270 9.4 3.9 3.5 102,450 91,520 3.1 2.8 Welders and flamecutters............... Electrical and electronic technicians..................................... Electric motor repairer................... Television servicer and repairer, and radio or tape recorder repairer........................................... General office clerk.......................... Automotive mechanic............... Automotive body repairer----Vehicle cleaner............................ Parking lot attendant............... Automotive painter................... 103,150 54,120 37,890 23,060 20,490 18.1 9.5 6.6 4.0 3.6 Usher, lobby attendant, ticket taker, or drive-in theater atten d an t.................................... Actor or actress.............................. C ashier............................................. Motion picture projectionist . . . . Janitors, porters, and cleaners. . . iViise©llain©©ys repair serviees 7.1 13,830 11,450 5.6 4.6 11,280 9,180 4.5 3.7 Employment Percent o f industry employment 27,860 21,620 20,180 16,210 11,050 13.1 10.2 9.5 7.6 5.2 Amusement and recreation services, except motion pictures Establishments in this industry (sic 76) are engaged in electrical repair; watch, clock, and jewelry repair; reupholstery and furniture repair; and other miscellaneous repair and services. These establishments employed 248,760 workers in 1981, accounting for only 1 percent of surveyed employ ment and just 2 percent of services employment. Maintenance, construction, repair, material handl ing, and powerplant workers, numbering 143,600, con stituted the largest occupational group in the industry, with 58 percent of total employment (table 25). Clerical workers, with 34,320, and managers and officers, with 34,300, each made up 14 percent o f employment in miscellaneous repair services. The five largest occupations in miscellaneous repair services, together accounting for one-fourth of total employment, are as follows: 17,550 This industry (sic 78) includes establishments produc ing and distributing motion pictures, exhibiting motion pictures in commercially operated theaters, and fur nishing services to the motion picture industry. In 1981, motion pictures employed 213,050 or about 1 percent o f all workers covered by the survey and 2 per cent of the workers employed in services. Fifty-seven percent of these workers were employed by motion pic ture theaters. As shown in table 26, service workers, totaling 56,670, made up the largest occupational group, with 27 percent of industry employment. Other occupational groups with large numbers of workers in this industry were clerical workers, with 22 percent of total employ ment, and professional workers, with 19 percent. The five most populous occupations in the motion picture industry are listed in the tabulation below: This industry (sic 75) includes establishments fur nishing automotive repair, rental, leasing, and parking services to the general public. In 1981, automotive repair, services, and garages employed 571,160 workers, constituting only 2 percent of surveyed employment and 4 percent of services employment. Sixty-two percent o f these workers were employed in automotive repair shops. The largest occupational group, accounting for almost two-thirds of total employment in this industry, consisted of 370,470 maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers (table 24). Clerical workers, numbering 88,720, ranked second with about 16 percent. Managers and officers made up 15 percent. The five largest occupations in automotive repair, serv ices, and garages are listed below: Employment Percent o f industry employment SV3©ti©o pictures Automotive repair, semees, and garages Percent o f industry employment Employment Establishments in this industry (sic 79) provide amusement or entertainment for a fee or admission charge. Such establishments include dance halls, theatrical producers, bowling alleys, and golf courses. Amusement and recreation services employed 769,770 persons in 1981, accounting for 3 percent of surveyed employment and 6 percent of services employment. As shown in table 27, the largest occupational group in amusement and recreation services consisted of 339,370 service workers or 44 percent of total industry employment. Other occupational groups with large numbers of these workers were maintenance, construc tion, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers and professional workers, each with 15 percent of employment. 54 the survey and 4 percent of the workers employed in services. Ninety-eight percent o f the total employment in legal services was accounted for by three major occupational groups. Clerical workers, the largest major group, made up nearly 54 percent (table 29). Professionals, number ing 206,080, ranked second with 38 percent of legal serv ices employment. Managers and officers accounted for 7 percent. The five largest occupations in this industry, together accounting for nearly three-fourths of total employ ment, are listed in the tabulation below: The five most populous occupations in amusement and recreation services, in order o f predominance, are listed below: W aiter/waitress.............................. Gardeners and groundskeepers .. Game operator, ride operator, and concession.worker............. Cashier............................................. Instrumental m u sician ................. Health sereiees, Employment Percent o f industry employment 61,070 43,650 7.9 5.7 42,220 39,150 31,580 5.5 5.1 4.1 hospitals This industry (sic 80, except 806) includes licensed practitioners who provide health care in their offices, nursing and personal care fa c ilities, m edical laboratories, outpatient care facilities, and other allied services.1 These health services employed 2.6 million workers in 1981, accounting^for 11 percent o f surveyed employ ment and 20 percent of services employment. Of these workers, nursing and personal care facilities employed 39 percent; physicians9 offices, 30 percent; and dentists’ offices, 14 percent. Service workers, numbering 858,460, constituted the largest occupational group in health services, with onethird of industry employment (table 28). Ranking sec ond with 21 percent, professional workers totaled 549,510. The third largest occupational group consisted of 488,060 clerical workers, with 19 percent o f industry employment. Technicians, numbering 466,860, made up 18 percent. The remaining occupational employment was distributed as follows: Managers and officers, 6 percent; maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers, 4 percent; and sales workers, only 0.1 percent. The five most populous occupations in health serv ices, except hospitals, are listed in the tabulation below: Nurse aide or o r d e rly ............. Professional nurse................... Physician or surgeon............... Dental assistant....................... Licensed practical nu rse......... Employment Percent o f industry employment 488,020 184,300 171,940 136,380 135,150 18.5 7.0 6.5 5.2 5.1 Secretary............................................. L aw yer............................................... Paralegal personnel............. ........... Law c le rk .............................. ........... Bookkeeper, hand........................... Employment Percent o f industry employment 190,210 140,800 30,900 26,100 12,760 35.0 25.9 5.7 4.8 2.4 Social services This industry (sic 83) consists of establishments pro viding social and rehabilitation services to persons with social or personal problems, the handicapped, or the disadvantaged. Organizations soliciting funds to be us ed directly for these and related services are included. Social services employed nearly 1.2 million persons in 1981, accounting for 5 percent of surveyed employment and 9 percent of services employment. One-fourth of these workers were engaged in providing child day care services. As shown in table 30, the largest occupational group was made up of 381,870 service workers or one-third of all workers employed in social services. Professional workers, totaling 313,170, constituted 27 percent of in dustry employment. The third largest occupational group consisted of 211,560 clerical workers, with 18 per cent of total employment. Managers and officers ac counted for 10 percent; maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers, 10 percent; and technical and sales workers together, 2 per cent o f employment. The five most populous occupations in social services are listed in the tabulation below: Legal services Establishments in this industry (sic 81) are headed by members o f the bar and offer legal advice and service. These establishments employed 542,980 persons, in 1981, or only 2 percent of all workers covered by 1 A separate survey o f private and State and local government hospitals (sic 806) was conducted in April 1980, and occupational employment data from the survey can be found in appendix B. 55 Child care w ork er............................ Elementary or preschool teacher .. Teacher aide or educational assistant........................................ C asew orker...................................... Nurse aide or o r d e rly ..................... Employment Percent o f industry employment 122,980 84,380 10.6 7.3 67,630 57,230 53,980 5.8 4.9 4.6 iiuseums and botanical and zoological gardens counted for 25 percent of the industry’s workers, with 160,840 and 158,690, respectively. The five most populous occupations in membership organizations, other than religious organizations, are listed in the tabulation below: This industry (sic 84) includes museums, art galleries, and botanical and zoological gardens which are not operated commercially. In 1981, these establishments employed 33,760 workers, accounting for the smallest proportion of employment among the surveyed industries. More than four-fifths of these workers were employed in museums and art galleries. As shown in table 31, service workers constituted the largest occupational group, with 10,810 or 32 percent of total industry employment. Clerical workers, totaling 6,000, ranked second with 18 percent. Professional workers made up 16 percent. The five largest occupations in museums and botanical and zoological gardens are listed below: Sightseeing or establishment g u id e ........................................... Guards and doorkeepers............. Sales clerk...................................... Secretary........................................ Nonvocational education teacher or instructor............... Employment Percent o f industry employment 3,850 3,410 1,570 1,540 11.4 10.1 4.7 4.6 1,500 4.4 Secretary...................................... Bartender.................................... General office clerk................... W aiter/waitress.......................... Group recreation w o rk er........ Percent o f industry employment 44,210 33,840 28,950 26,190 25,460 6.9 5.3 4.5 4.1 4.0 Mis©©llan@©us i®rwie©s Establishments in this industry (sic 89) perform serv ices such as those rendered by engineers, architects, ac countants, artists, lecturers, and writers. These establishments employed more than 1 million workers in 1981, accounting for 4 percent of surveyed employment and 8 percent of services employment. Establishments rendering engineering, architectural, and surveying services employed 55 percent of the in dustry’s workers. As shown in table 33, the largest occupational group consisted of professional workers, numbering 421,560 or 40 percent of the workers employed in miscellaneous services. Clerical workers, totaling 250,620, ranked sec ond with 24 percent. The third largest occupational group was technical workers, with 185,670 or 18 per cent. Managers and officers made up 11 percent of employment in miscellaneous services. The remaining occupational employment was distributed as follows: Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers, 5 percent; service workers, 1 percent; and sales workers, about 1 percent. The five most populous occupations in miscellaneous services are listed below: H/3©mb©rsh!p organizations, except religious ©irgamizatioinis This industry (sic 86, except 866) includes organiza tions operating on a membership basis to promote the interests of its members. Such organizations include trade associations; professional membership organiza tions; labor unions and similar labor organizations; civic, social, and fraternal associations; and political organizations. In 1981, membership organizations employed 643,390 workers or 3 percent of all workers covered by the survey and 5 percent of the workers employed in ser vices. Civic, social, and fraternal associations were the largest group of employers o f these workers, with 48 percent of industry employment. Clerical workers, numbering 164,060, made up the largest occupational group, with more than one-fourth of total employment in membership organizations (table 32). Service workers and managers and officers each ac Employment Accountants and auditors . . . . D rafter........................................ Secretary...................................... Architect...................................... Mechanical engineer................. 56 Employment Percent o f industry employment 144,800 99,660 67,180 36,480 30,310 13.8 9.5 6.4 3.5 2.9 Table 21. Hotels and other lodging places: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981 (SIC 70) Occupation Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Total............................................................... 1,129,770 100.00 - - Managers and officers.............................................. 76,720 6.79 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers ............................................................... Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Dancer.................................................................... Musician, instrumental........................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Public relations practitioner .......................... ........ Sports instructor..................................................... Group recreation worker........................................ All other professional workers............................... 23,070 1,090 230 1,470 7,250 390 1,380 410 1,180 1,080 870 5,650 2,070 2.04 .10 .02 .13 .64 .03 .12 .04 .10 .10 .08 .50 .18 n.a. 10 23 5 5 26 10 18 6 7 18 6 n.a. n.a. 4 1 10 21 (3) 3 2 7 5 2 7 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians......................................... Licensed practical nurse........................................ All other technicians.............................................. 2,520 370 970 360 820 .22 .03 .09 .03 .07 n.a. 22 12 23 n.a. n.a. 2 2 1 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. M aid........................................................................ House cleaner........................................................ All other janitors, porters, and cleaners................ Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers, total ................................... Baker, bread and/or pastry .............................. Bartender............................................................ Dining room attendant, bartender helper, or cafeteria attendant....................................... Butcher and/or meat cu tte r.............................. Host/hostess, restaurant, lounge or coffee shop ............................................................. Kitchen helper.................................................... Waiter/waitress.................................................. Counter attendant, lunchroom, coffee shop, or cafeteria........................................................ Cook, short order and/or specialty fast foods .. Cook, restaurant........................... .................... Food preparation and service worker, fast food restaurant ..................................................... Pantry, sandwich and/or coffee m aker............ Cook, institution or cafeteria............................. All other food service workers........................... Bellhop, baggage porter, doorkeeper, and/or room service attendant.................................... Cosmetologist and/or hairstylist............................ Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... Housekeeper .......................................................... Recreation facility attendant.................................. Elevator operator ................................................... Lifeguard ........................................................... Checkroom and locker-room attendants.............. All other service workers....................................... 738,310 239,160 28,020 15,230 14,310 363,100 1,430 32,910 65.35 21.17 2.48 1.35 1.27 32.14 .13 2.91 n.a. 1 3 n.a. 5 n.a. 6 2 n.a. 81 30 n.a. 18 n.a. 8 41 38,840 630 3.44 .06 3 7 28 4 15,660 49,620 150,230 1.39 4.39 13.30 3 2 2 30 44 48 3,570 7,230 42,760 .32 .64 3.78 9 7 2 6 11 45 2,310 10,350 3,370 4,190 .20 .92 .30 .37 12 3 9 n.a. 3 18 9 n.a. 20,820 230 14,780 21,790 2,620 460 4,300 810 12,680 1.84 .02 1.31 1.93 .23 .04 .38 .07 1.12 3 25 n.a. 23 1 20 49 4 1 10 2 n.a. 90,370 3,130 360 660 8.00 .28 .03 .06 n.a. n.a. 17 12 n.a. n.a. 2 2 530 1,580 .05 .14 9 n.a. 3 n.a. 680 6,510 .06 .58 13 5 2 12 Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations .............................. Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Refrigeration mechanic and/or air conditioning mechanic...................................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Marker, classifier, wet wash assembler, detacher, and/or checker ................................................ Washer, machine and/or starcher......................... See footnotes at end of table. 57 9 4 11 16 7 9 Table 21. Hotels and other lodging places: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 70) Occupation Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Dry cleaning machine operator............................. Laundry operator, small establishment................. Presser, machine ................................................... Laundry presser, machine ..................................... Truck driver............................................................ Bus driver............................................................... Carpenter............................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking......................................... Inspector ................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Painter, maintenance............................................. Parking-lot attendant............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Stationary boiler fire r............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Baker helper........................................................... Gardeners and groundskeepers ........................... Chauffeur................................................................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)1 2 170 12,470 350 3,310 200 1,370 1,400 170 960 2,740 210 26,100 1,790 3,490 2,410 540 220 890 570 10,360 1,730 740 1,770 6,090 0.02 1.10 .03 .29 .02 .12 .12 .02 .08 .24 .02 2.31 .16 .31 .21 .05 .02 .08 .05 .92 .15 .07 .16 .54 17 5 15 6 18 11 9 21 7 10 35 3 8 7 7 8 15 10 11 6 14 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting cle rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand............................................. Cashier............................................................... File cle rk............................................................ General office clerk........................................... Desk clerk ......................................................... Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping clerk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ........................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Travel clerk ........................................................ Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers........................ Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ....................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. All other plant clerical workers......................... 185,690 181,430 830 460 270 620 280 7,030 14,500 23,490 730 5,900 87,920 380 3,630 1,130 1,870 11,560 8,980 1,700 1,180 2,040 4,830 2,100 4,260 140 880 16.44 16.06 .07 .04 .02 .05 .02 .62 1.28 2.08 .06 .52 7.78 .03 .32 .10 .17 1.02 .79 .15 .10 .18 .43 .19 .38 .01 .08 n.a. n.a. 8 11 15 n.a. 17 3,120 120 Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk ............................................................. 13,090 7,650 5,440 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated 5 3 5 9 9 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1 21 1 5 1 2 6 1 5 12 1 47 5 10 3 3 1 2 3 23 4 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 4 2 1 n.a. 1 19 39 27 4 13 68 11 2 6 5 9 6 n.a. n.a. 14 6 17 8 7 30 15 4 3 7 14 n.a. n.a. 1 5 .28 .01 5 n.a. 10 n.a. 1.16 .68 .48 n.a. 9 n.a. 19 8 9 4 3 12 21 9 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5. percent, n.a. = not available. 58 Table 2 2 . Personal services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981 (SIC 72) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T otal............................................................... 905,430 100.00 - -- Managers and officers.............................................. 105,200 11.62 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations......................................... Engineers............................... ................................ Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Photographer, portrait and/or commercial........... All other photographers ......................................... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Dietitian and/or nutritionist.................................... Embalmer............................................................... Musician, instrumental........................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Public relations practitioner................................... Tax preparer.......................................................... All other professional workers............................... 46,580 200 90 7,410 3,750 320 6,350 1,180 10,460 1,310 1,740 160 170 10,300 3,140 5.14 .02 .01 .82 .41 .04 .70 .13 1.16 .14 .19 .02 .02 1.14 .35 n.a. 13 19 7 n.a. 10 6 25 3 14 24 28 35 11 n.a. n.a. (3) (3) 3 n.a. 1 6 (3) 9 2 (3) (3) (3) 2 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer.......................................... Licensed practical nurse........................................ All other technicians.............................................. 2,570 180 500 1,890 .28 .02 .06 .21 n.a. 17 39 n.a. n.a. (3) (3) n.a. Service occupations ................................................. M aid........................................................................ All other janitors, porters, and cleaners................ Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................ Child care attendant.............................................. Barber..................................................................... Cosmetologist and/or hairstylist........................... Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... Funeral attendant................................................... Manicurist............................................................... Masseur or masseuse........................................... Scalp treatment operator....................................... Wig dresser............................................................. Bootblack............................................................... Shampooer ............................................................ Instructor, reducing................................................ Child-care w orker.................................................. Lifeguard ................................................................ Checkroom and locker-room attendants.............. Mortuary beautician............................................... All other service workers ....................................... 325,260 6,970 15,400 740 900 690 28,230 197,340 480 12,220 7,450 2,410 890 540 530 10,150 29,550 200 390 1,460 1,320 7,400 35.92 .77 1.70 .08 .10 .08 3.12 21.80 .05 1.35 .82 .27 .10 .06 .06 1.12 3.26 .02 .04 .16 .15 .82 n.a. 6 n.a. 25 31 22 5 1 16 3 6 21 26 27 42 5 6 50 33 29 8 n.a. n.a. 7 n.a. 1 (3) (3) 7 42 (3) 8 5 (3) 0 (3) (3) 6 4 (3) (3) (3) 2 n.a. 253,110 6,370 920 4,880 180 390 1,450 540 820 530 1,600 620 460 27.95 .70 .10 .54 .02 .04 .16 .06 .09 .06 .18 .07 .05 n.a. n.a. 7 8 24 n.a. 14 16 17 19 13 21 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 4 (3) n.a. 1 (3) 1 (3) 1 1 n.a. 13,620 4,620 2,410 11,230 3,240 1.50 .51 .27 1.24 .36 4 7 9 5 6 7 4 2 8 4 Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations .............................. Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Laundry machine mechanic.............................. Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Developer and/or projection printer...................... Negative cutter and/or sp o tter............................. Multiple photographic printer operator.................. Print developer, machine....................................... Photo checker and assembler.............................. Photographer helper.............................................. All other darkroom workers................................... Marker, classifier, wet wash assembler, detacher, and/or checker ................................................ Spotter, dry cleaning ............................................. Spotter, washable materials.................................. Washer, machine and/or starcher........................ Tumbler operator................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 59 Table 22. Personal services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 72) Occupation Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Dry cleaning machine operator............................. Dry cleaner, hand .................................................. Laundry operator, small establishment................. Presser, hand ......................................................... Presser, machine................................................... Laundry presser, machine ..................................... Rug cleaner, hand ................................................. Rug cleaner, machine ........................................... Shoe dyer............................................................... Shoe repairer.......................................................... Truck driver............................................................ Delivery and/or route worker................................ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Folder, laundry........................................................ Inspector ................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... M ender................................................................... Order fille r.............................................................. Photograph retoucher, airbrush artist, and/or photograph colorist........................................... Painter, maintenance............................................. Production packager, hand or machine................ Custom sewer......................................................... Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentgarment ............................................................ Sewing machine operator, special equipment and/or automatic equipment-garment............ Stationary boiler fire r............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Alteration ta ilo r....................................................... Gardeners and groundskeepers ........................... Chauffeur................................................................ Ambulance driver and/or attendant...................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator.. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ All other office machine operators.................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand............................................. Cashier............................................................... Counter clerk...................................................... File c le rk............................................................ General office clerk........................................... Order c le rk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping cle rk...................... Receptionist....................................................... Secretary........................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t.................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................ Shipping packer................................................ Shipping and/or receiving clerk ....................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................. Employment1 Percent of total employment Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 12,330 1,120 6,660 5,020 27,380 35,160 2,910 4,140 380 4,430 1,020 29,560 3,820 13,870 4,840 2,610 200 6,630 1,560 1.36 .12 .74 .55 3.02 3.88 .32 .46 .04 .49 .11 3.26 .42 1.53 .53 .29 .02 .73 .17 5 15 12 8 3 3 19 15 39 9 9 3 5 5 7 8 25 6 11 9 1 2 3 12 10 1 1 (3) 1 1 11 3 6 3 3 (3) 6 1 1,170 100 3,990 1,190 .13 .01 .44 .13 15 36 7 22 1 (3) 3 0 2,150 .24 18 1 560 180 170 10,540 2,080 3,390 230 560 3,240 12,410 .06 .02 .02 1.16 .23 .37 .03 .06 .36 1.37 26 11 13 6 9 8 44 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 f) (3) 6 2 2 (3) n.a. n.a. n.a. 144,150 136,680 290 620 600 190 3,020 7,950 6,120 56,560 380 14,660 1,360 3,340 23,140 8,880 500 880 2,050 840 5,300 7,470 1,440 2,230 560 15.92 15.10 .03 .07 .07 .02 .33 .88 .68 6.25 .04 1.62 .15 .37 2.56 .98 .06 .10 .23 .09 .59 .83 .16 .25 .06 n.a. n.a. 11 9 10 n.a. 9 5 10 3 25 5 16 7 3 5 13 10 11 16 n.a. n.a. 13 10 14 n.a. n.a. 1 1 1 n.a. 3 10 3 14 (3) 11 1 5 19 10 1 1 2 1 n.a. n.a. 1 1 1 2,180 .24 10 2 See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 60 Tutelo 2 2 . !P®r@©inial s®m/i©®@: Employment, relative error, and p®r©®mt ©fi establishments p®porting @®l©@t®d ©©eypatioms, RSay t©©H=C©nliiny©d (SIC 72) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Plant clerical workers,— Continued Dispatcher, vehicle, service or w o rk................. All other plant clerical workers......................... 230 830 0.03 .09 14 n.a. (3) n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk ............................................................. 28,560 21,380 7,180 3.15 2.36 .79 n.a. 5 10 n.a. 9 2 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 3 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 61 Table 23. Business services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1981 (SIC 73) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T otal............................................................... 3,263,280 100.00 - - Managers and officers.............................................. 293,160 8.98 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Aeronautical engineer........................................ Chemical engineer............................................. Civil engineer ..................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers................... Industrial engineer............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... Metallurgists and metallurgical engineers......... Petroleum engineer........................................... Safety engineer.................................................. All other engineers............................................ Financial analyst.................................................... Mathematician ........................................................ Statistician.............................................................. All other mathematical scientists.......................... Chemist.................................................................. Geologists and geophysicists................................ Physicist ................................................................. All other physical scientists................................... Agricultural scientist............................................... Biological scientist................................................. All other life scientists........................................... Economist .............................................................. Market research analyst......................................... Psychologist........................................................... Sociologist.............................................................. Urban and regional planner................................... All other social scientists....................................... Systems analyst, business..................................... Systems analyst, scientific and technical............. Vocational and educational counselor.................. Photographer.......................................................... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Appraiser, general merchandise and related........ Media buyer........................................................... Commercial a rtis t................................................... Writer and/or editor............................................... Employment interviewer......................................... Media analyst ......................................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Public relations practitioner ................................... Reporters and correspondents............................. Designer................................................................. Tax preparer........................................................... All other professional workers....... ....................... 406,530 60,700 2,520 4,020 3,420 22,510 3,310 8,540 1,340 720 480 13,840 1,960 1,650 2,200 1,210 9,690 1,740 3,800 2,760 1,380 5,670 1,110 2,440 5,880 2,280 770 830 6,310 34,700 20,510 1,010 8,220 7,270 25,460 3,000 5,550 31,240 17,020 35,000 5,480 33,120 5,720 10,340 2,130 11,110 1,010 36,260 12.46 1.86 .08 .12 .10 .69 .10 .26 .04 .02 .01 .42 .06 .05 .07 .04 .30 .05 .12 .08 .04 .17 .03 .07 .18 .07 .02 .03 .19 1.06 .63 .03 .25 .22 .78 .09 .17 .96 .52 1.07 .17 1.01 .18 .32 .07 .34 .03 1.11 n.a. n.a. 34 47 16 21 23 20 48 40 35 n.a. 19 39 18 n.a. 16 32 35 n.a. 34 21 n.a. 26 16 26 43 32 n.a. 6 16 32 9 7 6 30 9 5 6 7 11 10 12 15 16 14 25 n.a. n.a. n.a. (3) 1 1 3 1 1 (3) (3) (3) n.a. 1 (3) 1 n.a. 2 1 (3) n.a. (3) 1 n.a. (3) 2 (3) (3) O n.a. 6 3 (3) 3 6 14 (3) 3 9 7 8 2 2 4 3 (3) 2 1 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer, business.......................... Computer programmer, scientific and technical .... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ Electrical and electronic technicians................ Surveyor............................................................. Mechanical engineering technician................... Industrial engineering technician....................... Civil engineering technician .............................. All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians............................................... Licensed practical nurse........................................ Mathematical technician ........................................ All other technicians.............................................. 187,390 42,590 17,730 70,130 19,000 26,280 340 4,190 870 4,430 15,020 7,640 30,490 850 17,960 5.74 1.31 .54 2.15 .58 .81 .01 .13 .03 .14 .46 .23 .93 .03 .55 n.a. 5 9 n.a. 11 11 48 26 35 21 n.a. 26 9 28 n.a. n.a. 8 3 n.a. 3 3 (3) 1 (3) 1 n.a. 1 2 (3) n.a. See footnotes at end of table. 62 Table 23. Business services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1981—Continued (SIC 73) Occupation Service occupations ................................................. M aid........................................................................ House cleaner........................................................ All other janitors, porters, and cleaners................ Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................ Detective................................................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... Protective-signal operator..................................... All other service workers....................................... Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations .............................. Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Protective signal installer and/or repairer........ Mechanic, automotive........................................ Diesel mechanic................................................ Electrical instrument repairer............................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Refrigeration mechanic and/or air conditioning mechanic...................................................... Coin machine servicer and/or vending machine repairer........................................... Data processing machine repairer.................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Developer and/or projection printer...................... Negative cutter and/or spotter ............................. Multiple photographic printer operator.................. Print developer, machine....................................... Photo checker and assembler.............................. Photographer helper.............................................. Copy camera operator .......................................... All other darkroom workers................................... Truck driver............................................................. Billposter ................................................................ Blueprinting machine operator.............................. Carpenter ............................................................... Compositor and/or typesetter............................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician............................................................... Exterminator.................................................. ......... Supervisor, nonworking......................................... Fumigator............................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................ Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Order fille r.............................................................. Photograph retoucher, airbrush artist, and/or photograph colorist.......................................... Painter, maintenance............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Press operator and/or plate printer ...................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Sign erector........................................................... Stationary boiler fire r............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Animal caretaker.................................................... Termite treater........................................................ Termite treater helper............................................ Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Tester ..................................................................... M ailer...................................................................... Gardeners and groundskeepers ........................... Chauffeur................................................................ Bindery worker, assembly...................................... Employment' Percent of total employment Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 856,190 32,890 91,520 297,640 306,970 15,260 12,290 15,980 6,840 76,800 26.24 1.01 2.80 9.12 9.41 .47 .38 .49 .21 2.35 n.a. 7 4 n.a. 2 19 29 7 18 n.a. n.a. 3 6 n.a. 8 1 2 6 1 n.a. 460,250 33,390 5,720 3,870 3,160 370 5,850 14.10 1.02 .18 .12 .10 .01 .18 n.a. n.a. 17 18 16 32 14 n.a. n.a. 1 2 1 (3) 2 1,280 .04 49 (3) 1,600 3,450 8,090 8,770 2,760 5,710 2,280 4,530 590 2,840 4,290 31,880 2,550 3,030 5,060 3,420 28,320 5,260 20,110 10,840 1,490 3,750 6,290 3,860 11,860 4,720 3,420 .05 .11 .25 .27 .08 .17 .07 .14 .02 .09 .13 .98 .08 .09 .16 .10 .87 .16 .62 .33 .05 .11 .19 .12 .36 .14 .10 34 21 n.a. 10 13 17 20 20 26 19 n.a. 11 30 14 24 13 9 29 7 8 21 19 20 19 15 15 22 (3) 1 n.a. 3 1 1 1 1 (3) 1 n.a. 5 1 1 1 2 7 1 3 6 0 1 1 1 4 2 1 1,890 4,320 3,040 9,180 16,490 2,940 330 560 1,140 5,720 1,280 3,850 4,070 4,070 9,530 4,080 6,580 .06 .13 .09 .28 .51 .09 .01 .02 .03 .18 .04 .12 .12 .12 .29 .13 .20 33 16 39 16 16 22 38 31 45 10 17 22 22 16 19 24 33 1 1 1 2 1 1 (3) (3) (3) 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 63 Table 23. Business services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1981—-Conftiiniuedl (SIC 73) Occupation Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 23,730 29,290 117,140 0.73 .90 3.59 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Addressing machine operator........................... Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. Inserting and/or labeling machine operator..... Duplicating machine operator........................... All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting cle rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand............................................. Call-out operator............................................... Cashier............................................................... Collector ............................................................ Credit reporter.................................................... Media clerk, estimator, and/or biller................. File c le rk............................................................ General office clerk........... ................................ In-file operator................................................... Mail c le rk ........................................................... Order c le rk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Receptionist....................................................... Secretary........................................................... Statistical clerk................................................... Survey worker.................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t.............. ,.... All other office clerical workers........................ Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving c le rk ....................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd .............................................................. Dispatcher, vehicle, service or w o rk................. All other plant clerical workers......................... 936,460 884,390 1,850 4,120 34,830 67,320 10,790 8,490 8,630 7,040 16,420 33,340 28,190 2,850 8,450 21,650 8,520 3,370 30,820 114,270 5,040 13,500 8,730 11,980 4,020 23,170 125,830 15,160 41,220 40,750 18,140 84,610 25,710 55,580 52,070 13,440 6,100 6,950 28.70 27.10 .06 .13 1.07 2.06 .33 .26 .26 .22 .50 1.02 .86 .09 .26 .66 .26 .10 .94 3.50 .15 .41 .27 .37 .12 .71 3.86 .46 1.26 1.25 .56 2.59 .79 1.70 1.60 .41 .19 .21 n.a. n.a. 16 12 4 5 11 10 9 n.a. 8 4 4 24 19 5 10 10 6 6 12 9 16 5 7 5 3 23 12 10 7 4 5 n.a. n.a. 8 15 8 n.a. n.a. 1 2 10 9 3 1 4 n.a. 4 15 19 1 2 6 2 1 8 22 2 5 4 11 4 11 38 2 1 5 12 17 13 n.a. n.a. 5 2 4 16,740 5,140 3,700 .51 .16 .11 13 29 n.a. 5 3 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk ............................................................. Demonstrator......................................................... 123,300 102,450 16,810 4,040 3.78 3.14 .52 .12 n.a. 3 15 22 n.a. 29 3 1 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated 64 Table 24. Automotive repair, services, and garages: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981 (SIC 75) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Total............................................................... 571,160 100.00 -- - Managers and officers.............................................. 85,220 14.92 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations............................ ......... Engineers............................................................... Systems analyst, electronic data processing........ Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Instructor, automobile driving................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. All other professional workers............................... 5,000 70 160 320 3,380 90 320 660 .88 .01 .03 .06 .59 .02 .06 .12 n.a. 38 29 17 8 44 30 n.a. n.a. (3) (3) 1 6 (3) (3) n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer.......................................... All other technicians.............................................. 850 570 280 .15 .10 .05 n.a. 19 n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly .................... All other service workers....................................... 8,330 4,770 340 140 550 2,530 1.46 .84 .06 .02 .10 .44 n.a. 8 26 n.a. 12 n.a. n.a. 8 f) n.a. (3) n.a. 370,470 181,550 103,150 54,120 20,140 420 3,720 12,760 150 37,890 5,210 6,830 480 200 3,610 3,420 7,440 20,490 23,060 9,830 5,370 5,430 64.86 31.79 18.06 9.48 3.53 .07 .65 2.23 .03 6.63 .91 1.20 .08 .04 .63 .60 1.30 3.59 4.04 1.72 .94 .95 n.a. n.a. 3 4 7 35 n.a. 9 36 4 9 5 39 24 17 15 8 6 3 11 10 11 n.a. n.a. 41 25 9 (3) n.a. 6 (3) 17 6 11 (3) (3) 2 3 8 17 4 4 2 4 12,760 2,650 2.23 .46 7 16 8 2 4,520 5,340 7,730 1,920 1,970 4,310 5,550 .79 .93 1.35 .34 .34 .75 .97 17 14 11 16 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 3 2 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 88,720 78,670 130 350 680 4,820 10,200 15,950 12,000 15.53 13.77 .02 .06 .12 .84 1.79 2.79 2.10 n.a. n.a. 23 16 20 7 5 6 5 n.a. n.a. (3) 1 0 7 17 7 10 Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations .............................. Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Automotive body repairer.................................. Diesel mechanic................................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................ Automobile repair-service estimator..................... Cleaner, vehicle...................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................ Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Painter, automotive................................................ Parking-lot attendant........................................... Tire fabricator and/or repairer .............................. Trailer and/or van rental attendant....................... Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Service station attendant, fuel pump attendant and/or lubricator.............................................. Painter, production................................................. Automobile seat cover, convertible or vinyl top installer............................................................. Glass installer, automotive..................................... Rental car deliverer............................................... Chauffeur................................................................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator.. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand............................................. Car rental clerk .’................................................. Cashier............................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 65 TalbS© 24. Aut©m©Bive repair, services, and garages: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 75) Occupation Office clerical workers.— Continued File c le rk .......... .................................................. General office clerk........................................... Order c le rk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel c le rk.................................................. Receptionist....................................................... Secretary ........................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................. ................................ Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t.................... All other office clerical workers........................ Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping and/or receiving c le rk ....................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. Dispatcher, vehicle, service or w o rk................. All other plant clerical workers......................... Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk ............................................................. Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 430 16,050 270 2,270 90 2,550 8,930 100 240 1,650 710 1,250 10,050 190 340 0.08 2.81 .05 .40 .02 .45 1.56 .02 .04 .29 .12 .22 1.76 .03 .06 19 4 31 10 18 10 5 31 12 12 12 n.a. n.a. 21 20 1 22 (3) 5 (3) 5 14 (3) 1 3 1 n.a. n.a. (3) 1 7,420 1,480 620 1.30 .26 .11 9 17 n.a. 9 1 n.a. 12,570 11,700 870 2.20 2.05 .15 n.a. 5 43 n.a. 14 (3) 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Percent of total employment employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 66 Table 25. Miscellaneous repair services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1981 (SIC 76) Occupation T otal............................................................... Employment1 Percent of total employment 100.00 248,760 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation -- - Managers and officers.............................................. 34,300 13.79 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers................... All other engineers............................................ Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Personnel and labor relations specialists............. All other professional workers............................... 5,620 2,720 2,480 240 170 280 1,800 110 540 2.26 1.09 1.00 .10 .07 .11 .72 .04 .22 n.a. n.a. 19 n.a. 40 6 6 18 n.a. n.a. n.a. 3 n.a. O 2 7 (3) n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer.......................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ Electrical and electronic technicians................ All other engineering technicians...................... Taxidermist............................................................. All other technicians.............................................. 15,300 130 14,490 500 13,830 160 370 310 6.15 .05 5.82 .20 5.56 .06 .15 .12 n.a. 26 n.a. 13 4 n.a. 26 n.a. n.a. (3) n.a. 2 12 n.a. (3) n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... All other service workers....................................... 3,340 2,740 230 50 320 1.34 1.10 .09 .02 .13 n.a. 8 16 26 n.a. n.a. 8 (3) (3) n.a. 143,600 57,290 4,800 160 57.73 23.03 1.93 .06 n.a. n.a. 6 31 n.a. n.a. 6 (3) 660 740 11,450 190 800 180 80 340 4,400 250 2,800 .27 .30 4.60 .08 .32 .07 .03 .14 1.77 .10 1.13 21 14 4 29 18 37 47 25 8 28 8 1 1 10 (3) 1 (3) (3) 1 3 (3) 4 900 .36 16 1 8,710 3.50 6 7 11,280 400 5,470 3,680 3,140 2,080 960 450 2,040 3,300 4.53 .16 2.20 1.48 1.26 .84 .39 .18 .82 1.33 5 32 7 n.a. 5 10 14 20 8 12 8 (3) 5 n.a. 9 2 1 1 6 3 1,990 2,360 300 1,390 1,720 150 .80 .95 .12 .56 .69 .06 9 4 13 11 14 30 2 8 1 1 1 (3) Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations .............................. Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Bicycle repairer.................................................. Camera repairer and/or motion picture camera repairer.......................................................... Diesel mechanic................................................ Electric motor repairer....................................... Electric tool repairer.......................................... Electrical instrument repairer............................ Electromedical equipment repairer................... Farm equipment mechanic................................ Gasoline engine or mower repairer.................. Locksmith ........................................................... Marine mechanic and/or repairer..................... Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Office machine servicer and/or cash register servicer......................................................... Refrigeration mechanic and/or air conditioning mechanic...................................................... Television servicer and repairer, radio repairer and/or tape recorder repairer...................... Data processing machine repairer.................... Gas and electric appliance repairer.................. Ail other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................ Boilermaker............................................................ Cabinetmaker......................................................... Carpenter ............................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician............................................................... Filers, grinders, buffers, chippers, cleaners, and/or polishers............................................... Supervisor, nonworking......................................... Inspector................................................................ Instrument repairer................................................. Jeweler and/or silversmith .................................... Lens grinder........................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 67 Table 25. Miscellaneous repair services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1981—Continued (SIC 76) Occupation Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Musical instrument repairer................................... Painter, maintenance............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentnongarment....................................................... Sewing machine operator, special and/or automatic equipment-nongarment................... Sheet metal w orker............................................... Watchmaker........................................................... Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Furniture finisher.................................................... Furniture upholsterer............................................. Septic tank servicer and/or sewer pipe cleaner ... Saw filer ................................................................. T este r..................................................................... Picture fram er......................................................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 11 7,480 2,430 7,010 460 340 1,430 180 3.01 .98 2.82 .18 .14 .57 .07 5 10 4 27 17 11 16 1,900 .76 8 4 460 430 1,460 17,550 2,850 8,090 3,650 240 120 300 1,290 4,600 4,160 .18 .17 .59 7.05 1.15 3.25 1.47 .10 .05 .12 .52 1.85 1.67 22 18 14 3 9 8 23 16 31 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 1 1 19 3 8 3 Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ Accounting cle rk................................................ Bookkeeper, ha n d ............................................. Cashier........................................................................... File c le rk ........................................................................ General office clerk .................................................... Order clerk ................................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Receptionist ................................................................. Secretary ........................................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t.................... All other office clerical workers........................ Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving c le rk ........................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. Dispatcher, vehicle, service or w o rk................. All other plant clerical workers......................... 34,320 29,920 330 230 160 1,330 4,920 430 100 9,180 280 1,320 60 8,330 330 2,130 160 630 4,400 160 140 2,160 13.80 12.03 .13 .09 .06 .53 1.98 .17 .04 3.69 .11 .53 .02 3.35 .13 .86 .06 .25 1.77 .06 .06 .87 n.a. n.a. 16 13 19 7 4 20 14 3 13 6 21 3 27 6 14 n.a. n.a. 8 16 5 n.a. n.a. 1 1 1,610 300 30 .65 .12 .01 6 15 n.a. 6 1 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk ............................................................. 12,280 8,690 3,590 4.94 3.49 1.44 n.a. 3 7 n.a. 20 6 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated 4 4 13 ft 1 2 0 ft ft 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. ft 5 21 1 1 26 1 6 ft 28 1 7 1 n.a. n.a. 1 ft 9 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 68 Table 26. Motion pictures: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1981 (SIC 78) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Total................................................................ 213,050 100.00 -- - Managers and officers.............................................. 27,710 13.01 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Electrical and electronic engineers ....................... Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Photographer.......................................................... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Actor or actress ..................................................... Budget analyst........................................................ Commercial a rtist................................................... Writer and/or editor............................................... Film editor.............................................................. Lawyer.................................................................... Motion picture narrator.......................................... Music director......................................................... Musician, instrumental........................................... Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Public relations practitioner................................... Singer ..................................................................... Designer................................................................. All other professional workers............................... 39,630 570 180 2,430 480 1,450 21,620 240 1,780 1,560 2,040 170 240 150 3,140 100 490 280 240 2,470 18.60 .27 .08 1.14 .23 .68 10.15 .11 .84 .73 .96 .08 .11 .07 1.47 .05 .23 .13 .11 1.16 n.a. 26 21 17 18 12 9 24 33 19 17 23 41 32 26 17 21 50 36 n.a. n.a. 3 1 9 5 8 2 1 5 4 6 1 1 1 1 1 3 (3) 1 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer.......................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Electrical and electronic technicians................ Sound recording and reproduction technician ... All other engineering technicians...................... All other technicians.............................................. 3,310 280 2,130 500 1,260 370 900 1.55 .13 1.00 .23 .59 .17 .42 n.a. 21 n.a. 40 16 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. 3 5 n.a. n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Kitchen helper........................................................ Counter attendant, lunchroom, coffee shop, or cafeteria ........................................................... Cook, short order and/or specialty fast foods...... Food preparation and service worker, fast food restaurant.......................................................... All other food service workers.............................. Costumer................................................................ Costumer assistant................................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... Make-up a rtist........................................................ Usher, lobby attendant, ticket taker and/or drive-in theater attendant................................ All other service workers....................................... 56,670 11,050 2,310 340 26.60 5.19 1.08 .16 n.a. 3 9 28 n.a. 50 8 1 6,190 880 2.91 .41 8 21 14 3 5,320 1,040 220 140 160 220 2.50 .49 .10 .07 .08 .10 9 n.a. 33 44 23 32 10 n.a. (3) (3) 1 1 27,860 940 13.08 .44 3 n.a. 47 n.a. 26,350 450 12.37 .21 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 180 270 860 600 680 460 970 320 530 220 150 490 960 .08 .13 .40 .28 .32 .22 .46 .15 .25 .10 .07 .23 .45 40 n.a. 29 34 30 n.a. 29 33 39 49 35 23 26 2 n.a. 1 1 1 n.a. 2 1 2 1 1 2 4 Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations .............................. Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Camera repairer and/or motion picture camera repairer.......................................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Developing-machine operator, motion picture film Negative cutter and/or sp o tter............................. Film printer, motion picture film ............................ All other darkroom workers................................... Truck driver............................................................ Carpenter............................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Dubbing machine operator.................................... Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking......................................... Inspector................................................................ See footnotes at end of table. 69 Table 26. Motion pictures: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1981—Continued (SIC 78) Occupation Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations—Continued Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Microphone-boom operator, motor-power connector, and/or sound installation worker ... Property handler..................................................... Motion picture projectionist ................................... Film viewer............................................................. All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 160 480 100 0.08 .23 .05 49 18 35 1 4 1 180 280 16,210 420 630 380 820 .08 .13 7.61 .20 .30 .18 .38 49 31 2 35 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 1 58 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator.. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting cle rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand............................................. Cashier.....................'.......................................... Film booker........................................................ File c le rk............................................................ General office clerk........................................... Order clerk ........................................................ Payroll and/or timekeeping cle rk...................... Personnel clerk.................................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary........................................................... Switchboard operator........................................ Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Script c le rk ......................................................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers........................ Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ....................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. All other plant clerical workers......................... 45,760 41,750 240 320 310 120 90 1,330 1,380 20,180 1,360 350 3,720 550 590 70 680 5,430 210 480 140 1,530 1,040 1,630 4,010 990 1,160 1,180 21.48 19.60 .11 .15 .15 .06 .04 .62 .65 9.47 .64 .16 1.75 .26 .28 .03 .32 2.55 .10 .23 .07 .72 .49 .77 1.88 .46 .54 .55 n.a. n.a. 27 24 20 n.a. 32 12 11 3 15 15 13 22 13 22 17 9 23 18 23 13 16 n.a. n.a. 19 23 20 n.a. n.a. 2 2 2 n.a. 1 7 12 56 8 3 13 2 6 1 5 23 2 5 1 8 5 n.a. n.a. 4 4 6 510 170 .24 .08 22 n.a. 3 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk ............................................................. 13,620 3,140 10,480 6.39 1.47 4.92 n.a. 11 6 n.a. 13 22 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated 70 Table 27. Amusement and recreation services, except motion pictures: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1981 (SIC 79) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T otal............................................................... 769,770 100.00 - - Managers and officers.............................................. 64,540 8.38 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers................... All other engineers............................................ Painter, artistic........................................................ Teacher and/or instructor, nonvocational education........................................................... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Actor or actress ..................................................... Announcer, radio and television ........................... Athlete, professiona................................................ Coach, professional athletes................................. Comedian............................................................... Dance instructor..................................................... Dancer .................................................................... Music director......................................................... Musician, instrumental........................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Public relations practitioner ................................... Sports instructor..................................................... Singer ..................................................................... Umpire.................................................................... Designer................................................................. Athletic trainer........................................................ Group recreation worker........................................ All other professional workers............................... 114,270 240 140 100 260 14.84 .03 .02 .01 .03 n.a. n.a. 23 n.a. 21 n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. 1 600 980 4,330 8,450 1,080 6,630 710 780 12,100 4,050 1,130 31,580 430 320 3,540 21,530 3,370 1,710 1,290 320 3,860 4,980 .08 .13 .56 1.10 .14 .86 .09 .10 1.57 .53 .15 4.10 .06 .04 .46 2.80 .44 .22 .17 .04 .50 .65 36 15 6 11 23 6 14 31 7 16 19 6 10 12 8 7 14 24 17 30 17 n.a. 1 3 13 2 3 3 1 (3) 7 1 3 8 1 1 9 23 2 1 2 1 4 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Electrical and electronic technicians ................ All other engineering technicians...................... Licensed practical nurse........................................ All other technicians.............................................. 2,600 140 730 580 150 330 1,400 .34 .02 .09 .08 .02 .04 .18 n.a. 27 n.a. 21 n.a. 20 n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. 1 n.a. (3) n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Maid ........................................................................ All other janitors, porters, and cleaners................ Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers, to ta l................................... Bartender............................................................ Dining room attendant, bartender helper, or cafeteria attendant....................................... Host/hostess, restaurant, lounge or coffee shop ............................................................. Kitchen helper.................................................... Waiter/waitress.................................................. Counter attendant, lunchroom, coffee shop, or cafeteria........................................................ Cook, short order and/or specialty fast foods .. Cook, restaurant................................................ Food preparation and service worker, fast food restaurant ..................................................... Pantry, sandwich and/or coffee m aker............ Cook, institution or cafeteria............................. All other food service workers.......................... Child care attendant.............................................. Cosmetologist and/or hairstylist........................... Costumer................................................................ Costumer assistant................................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... Housekeeper .......................................................... Make-up a rtist........................................................ Masseur or masseuse........................................... 339,370 6,550 25,380 12,230 166,260 27,890 44.09 .85 3.30 1.59 21.60 3.62 n.a. 9 n.a. 6 n.a. 3 n.a. 9 n.a. 9 n.a. 32 12,010 1.56 6 10 1,980 16,690 61,070 .26 2.17 '7.93 9 4 3 5 18 29 8,280 12,830 13,260 1.08 1.67 1.72 8 5 4 7 16 19 7,070 2,890 650 1,640 8,090 340 500 440 6,880 1,820 170 340 .92 .38 .08 .21 1.05 .04 .06 .06 .89 .24 .02 .04 14 10 20 n.a. 5 25 16 13 6 10 24 26 2 5 1 n.a. 13 (3) 1 1 13 5 (3) 1 See footnotes at end of table. 71 Table 27. Amusement and recreation services, except motion pictures: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1981—Continued (SIC 79) Occupation Service occupations—Continued Recreation facility attendant.................................. Game operators, ride operators and concession workers............................................................. Usher, lobby attendant, ticket taker and/or drive-in theater attendant................................ Guide, sightseeing or establishment..................... Lifeguard ................ ................................................ Checkroom and locker-room attendants.............. All other service workers ....................................... Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations .............................. Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Pinsetter mechanic, automatic ......................... Coin machine servicer and/or vending machine repairer........................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................ Carpenter ............................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking......................................... Inspector ................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Order fille r.............................................................. Painter, maintenance............................................. Parking-lot attendant............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Custom sewer......................................................... Stationary engineer................................................ Animal caretaker.................................................... Pin chaser.............................................................. Racker, poolroom .................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers ........................... Chauffeur................................................................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, total .................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand............................................. Cashier............................................................... Desk clerk, bowling flo o r................................... File c le rk............................................................ General office clerk........................................... Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ........................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers........................ Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Shipping and/or receiving clerk ........................ Employment1 Percent of total employment Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 25,380 3.30 6 16 42,220 5.48 6 5 11,340 2,500 15,930 6,480 6,520 1.47 .32 2.07 .84 .85 5 27 9 7 n.a. 4 1 11 9 n.a. 118,070 17,930 930 800 7,860 15.34 2.33 .12 .10 1.02 n.a. n.a. 14 13 4 n.a. n.a. 2 1 14 7,340 1,000 200 1,540 450 1,470 580 210 14,780 630 100 700 3,770 280 580 180 7,870 10,500 540 43,650 310 1,890 2,510 7,400 .95 .13 .03 .20 .06 .19 .08 .03 1.92 .08 .01 .09 .49 .04 .08 .02 1.02 1.36 .07 5.67 .04 .25 .33 .96 14 n.a. 29 14 42 15 11 29 6 15 41 17 7 15 19 20 7 3 23 4 30 n.a. n.a. n.a. 3 n.a. 1 3 1 3 2 (3) 20 1 (3) 1 3 1 1 (3) 3 13 1 26 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. 104,520 102,720 470 380 190 130 330 3,580 6,670 39,150 16,810 330 8,780 450 2,170 270 5,280 9,600 900 1,420 1,620 3,060 1,130 1,800 320 13.58 13.34 .06 .05 .02 .02 .04 .47 .87 5.09 2.18 .04 1.14 .06 .28 .04 .69 1.25 .12 .18 .21 .40 .15 .23 .04 n.a. n.a. 15 17 16 n.a. 39 7 5 4 3 16 6 22 6 16 10 5 10 9 12 9 n.a. n.a. 31 n.a. n.a. 2 2 1 n.a. (3) 10 21 20 16 1 18 1 8 1 10 21 2 4 4 7 n.a. n.a. 1 See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 72 Table 27. Amusement and recreation services, except motion pictures: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1981—Continued (SIC 79) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Plant clerical workers,—Continued Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. All other plant clerical workers......................... 1,330 150 0.17 .02 11 n.a. 2 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk ............................................................. Vendor.................................................................... 26,400 7,680 16,040 2,680 3.43 1.00 2.08 .35 n.a. 13 10 14 n.a. 8 10 2 ' Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimatedat the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5. percent. n.a. = not available. 73 Table 28. Health services, except hospitals: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981 (SIC 80, except 806) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Total............................................................... 2,631,910 100.00 - - Managers and officers.............................................. 154,420 5.87 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations......................................... Biological scientist ................................................. Psychologist........................................................... All other social scientists....................................... Physical therapist................................................... Respiratory therapist ............................................. Occupational therapist........................................... Manual arts, music, and/or recreational therapist All other therapists................................................. Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Podiatrist ................................................................ Speech pathologist and/or audiologist................. Audiometrist........................................................... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Caseworker............................................................ Chiropractor........................................................... Dentist .................................................................... Dietitian and/or nutritionist .................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Optometrist ............................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Pharmacist ............................................................. Physician and/or surgeon...................................... Group recreation worker........................................ All other professional workers............................... 549,510 550 8,010 590 15,590 3,900 4,160 4,390 3,580 460 3,900 5,200 640 1,550 13,730 24,210 4,710 56,740 8,350 184,300 8,650 1,260 2,220 171,940 12,260 8,620 20.88 .02 .30 .02 .59 .15 .16 .17 .14 .02 .15 .20 .02 .06 .52 .92 .18 2.16 .32 7.00 .33 .05 .08 6.53 .47 .33 n.a. 26 11 n.a. 9 26 9 8 n.a. 21 13 11 26 7 5 6 11 2 4 2 8 8 8 2 4 n.a. n.a. (3) 3 n.a. 8 1 3 3 n.a. (3) 2 3 (3) 3 8 9 2 19 8 33 5 2 2 31 7 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer.......................................... Biological science technician ................................ Dental assistant...................................................... Licensed practical nurse....................................... Physician’s assistant.............................................. Surgical technician................................................. Radiologic technician ............................................ Pharmacy helper.................................................... Medical record librarian......................................... Dental hygienist...................................................... Medical laboratory technologist............................ Biochemistry technologist...................................... Microbiology technologist ...................................... Cytotechnologist..................................................... Histologic technologist .......................................... Medical laboratory technician................................ Electrocardiograph technician............................... Electroencephalograph technician........................ Dietetic technician.................................................. Blood bank technology specialist......................... Physical therapy assistant ..................................... Radiologic technologist and/or nuclear medical technologist ...................................................... All other medical and dental technologists and technicians........................................................ All other technicians.............................................. 466,860 650 600 136,380 135,150 13,880 660 25,250 980 4,460 61,470 23,900 740 1,140 1,800 1,050 20,450 1,030 620 6,310 3,630 13,790 17.74 .02 .02 5.18 5.14 .53 .03 .96 .04 .17 2.34 .91 .03 .04 .07 .04 .78 .04 .02 .24 .14 .52 n.a. 12 40 1 2 7 23 5 14 5 2 5 17 14 13 15 5 15 27 6 13 10 n.a. 1 (3) 26 24 4 (3) 8 1 5 18 7 (3) 1 1 1 7 1 (3) 5 1 6 2,430 .09 13 1 7,900 2,590 .30 .10 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Service occupations ................................................. M aid........................................................................ All other janitors, porters, and cleaners................ Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Dining room attendant, bartender helper, or cafeteria attendant........................................... Kitchen helper........................................................ Waiter/waitress ...................................................... Cook, short order and/or specialty fast foods...... Cook, institution or cafeteria ................................. All other food service workers.............................. 858,460 71,300 36,770 2,720 32.62 2.71 1.40 .10 n.a. 2 n.a. 8 n.a. 17 n.a. 1 7,100 72,480 6,820 1,370 36,270 9,630 .27 2.75 .26 .05 1.38 .37 11 2 12 16 2 n.a. 1 10 1 1 10 n.a. See footnotes at end of table. 74 Table 28. Health services, except hospitals: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 80, except 806) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Service occupations—Continued Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... Housekeeper .......................................................... Nurse aide and/or orderly ..................................... Psychiatric aid ........................................................ Child-care w orker.................................................. Social service aide................................................. Medical assistant ................................................... Occupational therapy assistant.......................... All other service workers ....................................... 2,090 11,700 , 488,020 2,610 1,490 10,220 86,280 1,950 9,640 0.08 .44 18.54 .10 .06 .39 3.28 .07 .37 7 5 1 21 36 7 3 10 n.a. 2 8 15 (3) (3) 5 17 1 n.a. Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations .............................. Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Electromedical equipment repairer ................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Washer, machine and/or starcher........................ Laundry presser, machine ..................................... Truck driver............................................................ Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Supervisor, nonworking......................................... Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Painter, maintenance............................................. Dental-laboratory technician ................................. Custom sewer......................................................... Optician, dispensing and/or optical mechanic...... Gardeners and groundskeepers ........................... Chauffeur................................................................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. 111,170 1,100 540 560 23,510 2,650 330 7,200 1,640 11,640 800 1,190 34,790 290 11,640 6,170 1,650 980 3,130 2,460 n.a. n.a. 27 n.a. 3 10 20 7 9 4 13 9 6 28 8 9 13 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 6 9 7 21 n.a. 8 5 3 6 4 3 10 3 17 6 7 2 2 10 7 5 4 5 n.a. n.a. 25 12 n.a. n.a. (3) n.a. 8 1 (3) 3 2 8 1 1 6 (3) 4 3 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 5 2 2 (3) n.a. 2 8 20 5 8 20 1 16 1 7 2 46 34 1 3 7 10 8 n.a. n.a. (3) 1 Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, total .................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ................................................ Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand............................................. Cashier............................................................... File c le rk............................................................ General office clerk........................................... Mai! clerk ............................................................ Insurance clerk, medical.................................... Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping cle rk...................... Personnel c le rk.................................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers........................ Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ........................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. All other plant clerical workers.........:............... 488,060 484,560 9,560 2,180 2,310 300 470 2,590 11,530 30,350 6,900 21,040 56,020 630 38,870 480 6,740 1,250 124,220 107,120 1,050 4,260 11,890 24,660 11,440 8,700 3,500 290 1,540 4.22 .04 .02 .02 .89 .10 .01 .27 .06 .44 .03 .05 1.32 .01 .44 .23 .06 .04 .12 .09 18.54 18.41 .36 .08 .09 .01 .02 .10 .44 1.15 .26 .80 2.13 .02 1.48 .02 .26 .05 4.72 4.07 .04 .16 .45 .94 .43 .33 .13 .01 .06 1,360 310 .05 .01 9 n.a. 1 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... All other sales workers ......................................... 3,430 3,170 260 .13 .12 .01 n.a. 10 n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 75 Table 20. Legal services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1981 (SIC 81) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Total............................................................... 542,980 100.00 - - Managers and officers.............................................. 36,320 6.69 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Systems analyst, electronic data processing........ Accountants and auditors...................................... Law clerk................................................................ Lawyer.................................................................... Librarian, professional........................................... Paralegal personnel............................................... Personnel and labor relations specialists............. All other professional workers............................... 206,080 650 2,750 26,100 140,800 2,310 30,900 180 2,390 37.95 .12 .51 4.81 25.93 .43 5.69 .03 .44 n.a. 25 12 5 2 8 4 40 n.a. n.a. 2 8 34 76 10 36 1 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer.......................................... All other technicians.............................................. 1,430 1,080 350 .26 .20 .06 n.a. 24 n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Detective................................................................ All other service workers....................................... 8,360 7,730 430 200 1.54 1.42 .08 .04 n.a. 10 33 n.a. n.a. 16 1 n.a. Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations ....,......................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. 320 190 120 10 .06 .03 .02 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 8 1 1 2 n.a. 7 13 30 16 17 (3) 6 24 93 6 28 19 14 O Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ Duplicating machine operator........................... All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting cle rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand............................................. File c le rk............................................................ General office clerk........................................... Library assistant................................................. Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ........................................................... Switchboard operator........................................ Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Messenger......................................................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers........................ Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. All other plant clerical workers......................... 290,380 290,310 2,930 280 170 520 3,140 7,140 4,900 12,760 8,970 12,520 130 1,510 10,840 190,210 2,230 10,300 9,460 9,980 220 2,100 70 53.48 53.47 .54 .05 .03 .10 .58 1.31 .90 2.35 1.65 2.31 .02 .28 2.00 35.03 .41 1.90 1.74 1.84 .04 .39 .01 n.a. n.a. 11 27 27 11 n.a. 12 8 5 7 10 25 15 6 2 12 6 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 60 10 .01 (3) 23 n.a. (3) n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... All other sales workers ......................................... 90 60 30 .02 .01 .01 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate "All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated 6 8 22 76 Table 30. Social services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981 (SIC 83) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Total............................................................... 1,163,850 100.00 - - Managers and officers.............................................. 120,870 10.39 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations........................................ Statistician.............................................................. Psychologist........................................................... Sociologist.............................................................. Urban and regional planner................................... All other social scientists....................................... Physical therapist................................................... Occupational therapist........................................... Manual arts, music, and/or recreational therapist All other therapists................................................. Systems analyst, electronic data processing........ Teacher and/or instructor, vocational education or training.......................................................... Teacher and/or instructor, nonvocational education........................................................... Vocational and educational counselor.................. Teacher, elementary and/or preschool ................ All other teachers .................................................. Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Budget analyst........................................................ Director, cam p........................................................ Caseworker............................................................. Clergy ..................................................................... Dentist .................................................................... Dietitian and/or nutritionist .................................... Lawyer.................................................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Paralegal personnel............................................... Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Physician and/or surgeon.......... '........................... Public relations practitioner ................................... Director of religious activities and/or religious education........................................................... Community organization worker............................ Welfare investigator............................................... Group recreation worker........................................ All other professional workers............................... 313,170 630 6,170 160 190 530 1,770 1,790 1,290 2,880 200 26.91 .05 .53 .01 .02 .05 .15 .15 .11 .25 .02 n.a. 14 7 24 40 n.a. 11 13 18 n.a. 16 n.a. 2 8 (3) 1 n.a. 3 3 2 n.a. 1 12,240 1.05 9 7 12,090 25,920 84,380 11,920 1,020 8,940 2,110 310 57,230 580 290 5,750 440 19,010 280 2,920 2,050 4,420 1.04 2.23 7.25 1.02 .09 .77 .18 .03 4.92 .05 .02 .49 .04 1.63 .02 .25 .18 .38 7 4 3 n.a. 5 4 6 23 3 14 15 5 26 3 27 7 9 7 7 17 23 n.a. 4 19 6 1 31 2 1 14 1 19 (3) 7 4 9 210 16,750 180 15,500 13,020 .02 1.44 .02 1.33 1.12 37 5 38 5 n.a. 1 14 (3) 15 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer .......................................... Engineering technicians ......................................... Licensed practical nurse........................................ Medical record librarian.......................................... Medical and dental technicians and technologists All other technicians.............................................. 15,030 360 150 10,500 650 2,040 1,330 1.29 .03 .01 .90 .06 .18 .11 n.a. 13 34 3 7 10 n.a. n.a. 1 (3) 11 3 2 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Maid ........................................................................ House cleaner....................................................... All other janitors, porters, and cleaners................ Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers, total ................................... Baker, bread and/or pastry .............................. Dining room attendant, bartender helper, or cafeteria attendant....................................... Kitchen helper.................................................... Waiter/waitress.................................................. Counter attendant, lunchroom, coffee shop, or cafeteria........................................................ Cook, short order and/or specialty fast foods .. Pantry, sandwich and/or coffee m aker............ Cook, institution or cafeteria............................. All other food service workers.......................... Child care attendant.............................................. Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly .................... 381,870 18,870 6,660 12,070 4,060 72,130 190 32.81 1.62 .57 1.04 .35 6.20 .02 n.a. 3 6 n.a. 7 n.a. 12 n.a. 19 7 n.a. 5 n.a. 1 5,570 17,340 7,240 .48 1.49 .62 6 3 6 3 16 2 1,530 1,260 500 33,680 4,820 13,140 3,440 .13 .11 .04 2.89 .41 1.13 .30 39 14 11 2 n.a. 9 8 1 2 1 38 n.a. 4 5 See footnotes at end of table. 77 Table 30. Social services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1981—Continued (SIC 83) Occupation Service occupations—Continued Housekeeper ......................................................... Nurse aide and/or orderly..................................... Psychiatric aid ........................................................ Recreation facility attendant.................................. Child-care w orker.................................................. Social service aide................................................. Medical assistant ................................................... Occupational therapy assistant............................. All other service workers....................................... Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations .............................. Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Marker, classifier, wet wash assembler, detacher, and/or checker ................................................ Washer, machine and/or starcher......................... Laundry operator, small establishment................. Laundry presser, machine ..................................... Truck driver............................................................ Bus driver............................................................... Carpenter............................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Inspector................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Order fille r.............................................................. Painter, maintenance............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Stationary boiler fire r............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Gardeners and groundskeepers ........................... Chauffeur................................................................ Bus driver, school .................................................. All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, total .................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand............................................. Cashier............................................................... File c le rk............................................................ General office clerk........................................... Mail c le rk ........................................................... Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk ............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ........................................................... Switchboard operator........................................ Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... Teacher aide and/or educational assistant...... All other office clerical workers........................ Employment1 Percent of total employment Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 4,830 53,980 1,490 1,640 122,980 31,030 640 520 34,390 0.42 4.64 .13 .14 10.57 2.67 .05 .04 2.95 8 4 16 22 3 5 31 16 n.a. 9 11 (3) 1 27 19 1 1 n.a. 110,740 1,390 360 380 650 9.51 .12 .03 .03 .06 n.a. n.a. 12 10 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 1 n.a. 700 1,350 1,370 480 3,720 7,800 5,890 2,320 480 7,880 450 10,700 2,030 200 1,270 220 2,890 150 140 5,000 2,100 9,500 1,560 10,030 31,120 .06 .12 .12 .04 .32 .67 .51 .20 .04 .68 .04 .92 .17 .02 .11 .02 .25 .01 .01 .43 .18 .82 .13 .86 2.67 16 6 7 10 7 6 9 10 20 6 22 4 13 19 12 19 19 14 14 13 11 5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 3 3 1 5 8 5 3 1 9 1 17 2 (3) 3 1 1 (3) (3) 6 3 8 n.a. n.a. n.a. 211,560 206,050 3,190 660 620 600 1,580 5,800 14,160 1,240 2,130 20,300 680 460 3,190 1,430 550 8,500 41,140 1,620 5,630 11,980 5,120 67,630 7,840 18.18 17.70 .27 .06 .05 .05 .14 .50 1.22 .11 .18 1.74 .06 .04 .27 .12 .05 .73 3.53 .14 .48 1.03 .44 5.81 .67 n.a. n.a. 6 9 12 n.a. 13 4 3 16 8 5 10 21 5 5 8 4 3 7 4 4 6 3 n.a. n.a. n.a. 8 2 1 n.a. 2 13 30 2 4 21 2 1 10 5 2 16 47 3 14 17 10 22 n.a. See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 78 Tabl© 30. S o cial se rv ic e s : M a y 1081— C o n tin u e d E m p lo y m e n t, re la tiv e e rro r, a n d p e rc e n t o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts re p o rtin g s e le c te d o cc u p a tio n s , (SIC 83) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving c le rk ....................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. All other plant clerical workers......................... 4,910 1,530 660 730 0.42 .13 .06 .06 n.a. 14 41 16 n.a. 2 1 1 1,160 830 .10 .07 10 n.a. 3 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Contribution solicitor.............................................. All other sales agents, associates, and/or representatives................................................. Sales c je rk ............................................................. 10,610 3,690 .91 .32 n.a. 16 n.a. 4 2,180 4,740 .19 .41 n.a. 10 n.a. 2 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5. percent, n.a. = not available. 79 Table 31. Museums and botanical and zoological gardens: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1981 (SIC 84) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T otal............................................................... 33,760 100.00 -- - Managers and officers.............................................. 3,660 10.84 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations......................................... Biological scientist................................................. All other natural and mathematical scientists....... Teacher and/or instructor, nonvocational education.......................................................... Accountants and auditors...................................... Archivist.................................................................. Librarian, professional ........................................... Curator, museum.................................................... Designer................................................................. All other professional workers............................... 5,420 100 70 16.05 .30 .21 n.a. 34 24 n.a. 2 2 1,500 240 310 460 1,400 380 960 4.44 .71 .92 1.36 4.15 1.13 2.84 8 6 9 5 4 6 n.a. 32 22 23 29 55 23 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Museum technician and/or restorer...................... Technical assistant, library .................................... All other technicians.............................................. 1,540 850 230 460 4.56 2.52 .68 1.36 n.a. 6 8 n.a. n.a. 32 12 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly .................... Guide, sightseeing or establishment..................... All other service workers....................................... 10,810 1,920 3,410 1,120 100 3,850 410 32.02 5.69 10.10 3.32 .30 11.40 1.21 n.a. 4 9 6 40 7 n.a. n.a. 60 38 11 2 34 n.a. Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations .............................. Carpenter............................................................... Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Painter, maintenance............................................. Animal caretaker.................................................... Gardeners and groundskeepers ........................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. 4,390 310 1,210 260 140 800 1,340 180 100 50 13.00 .92 3.58 .77 .41 2.37 3.97 .53 .30 .15 n.a. 7 4 6 9 4 5 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 18 39 12 8 12 33 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, total .................................. Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand............................................. Cashier............................................................... General office clerk........................................... Library assistant................................................. Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ........................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. All other office clerical workers........................ Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Shipping and/or receiving clerk ....................... All other plant clerical workers......................... 6,000 5,900 120 240 390 800 970 200 80 410 1,540 100 230 320 500 100 60 40 17.77 17.48 .36 .71 1.16 2.37 2.87 .59 .24 1.21 4.56 .30 .68 .95 1.48 .30 .18 .12 n.a. n.a. 10 9 5 11 7 10 7 7 4 15 6 6 n.a. n.a. 11 n.a. n.a. n.a. 5 17 38 19 33 11 9 26 58 8 20 17 n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk ............................................................. 1,940 370 1,570 5.75 1.10 4.65 n.a. 8 4 n.a. 20 36 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. n.a. = not available. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated 80 Table 32. Membership organizations, except religious organizations: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1981 (SIC 86, except 866) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment' Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T otal............................................................... 643,390 100.00 - - Managers and officers.............................................. 158,690 24.66 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers................... All other engineers............................................ Statistician.............................................................. All other natural and mathematical scientists....... Economist .............................................................. All other social scientists....................................... Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Teacher and/or instructor, vocational education or training.......................................................... Teacher and/or instructor, nonvocational education........................................................... Teacher, elementary and/or preschool ................ All other teachers .................................................. Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Director, cam p........................................................ Caseworker............................................................ Dietitian and/or nutritionist .................................... Writer and/or editor............................................... Law clerk................................................................ Lawyer.................................................................... Librarian, professional ........................................... Curator, museum.................................................... Musician, instrumental........................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Paralegal personnel............................................... Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Physician and/or surgeon...................................... Public relations practitioner ................................... Sports instructor..................................................... Veterinarian............................................................ Community organization worker............................ Group recreation w orker....................................... All other professional workers............................... 122,430 560, 160 400 480 200 230 260 440 19.03 .09 .02 .06 .07 .03 .04 .04 .07 n.a. n.a. 26 n.a. 14 18 15 n.a. 9 n.a. n.a. (3) n.a. 1 (3) (3) n.a. 1 3,450 .54 10 2 10,590 1,700 2,000 490 7,340 590 4,010 320 5,890 180 1,150 530 280 470 860 290 24,140 1,160 6,780 5,330 90 7,480 25,460 9,680 1.65 .26 .31 .08 1.14 .09 .62 .05 .92 .03 .18 .08 .04 .07 .13 .05 3.75 .18 1.05 .83 .01 1.16 3.96 1.50 6 8 n.a. 5 4 9 8 25 4 13 9 13 25 28 13 21 5 25 6 6 32 6 4 n.a. 4 1 n.a. 2 13 2 2 1 8 (3) 1 1 (3) (3) 1 (3) 9 (3) 10 2 (3) 5 7 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer.......................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ Electrical and electronic technicians ................ All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians............................................... Licensed practical nurse........................................ Technical assistant, library .................................... Medical and dental technicians and technologists All other technicians.............................................. 3,220 830 410 150 80 180 280 350 130 190 1,030 .50 .13 .06 .02 .01 .03 .04 .05 .02 .03 .16 n.a. 7 n.a. 32 19 n.a. 27 19 14 29 n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. (3) (3) n.a. (3) (3) (3) (3) n.a. Service occupations ................................................. M aid........................................................................ All other janitors, porters, and cleaners................ Guards and doorkeepers ....................................... Food service workers, to ta l................................... Bartender............................................................ Dining room attendant, bartender helper, or cafeteria attendant....................................... Host/hostess, restaurant, lounge or coffee shop ............................................................. Kitchen helper......... .......................................... Waiter/waitress.................................................. Cook, short order and/or specialty fast foods .. Cook, restaurant................................................ Cook, institution or cafeteria............................. All other food service workers.......................... Child care attendant.............................................. 160,840 5,730 21,550 5,450 92,500 33,840 25.00 .89 3.35 .85 14.38 5.26 n.a. 5 n.a. 7 n.a. 3 n.a. 7 n.a. 5 n.a. 16 7,620 1.18 5 5 650 11,890 26,190 1,660 6,660 2,600 1,390 870 .10 1.85 4.07 .26 1.04 .40 .22 .14 6 5 3 9 4 7 n.a. 15 1 8 11 2 7 3 n.a. 1 See footnotes at end of table. 81 Table 32. Membership organizations, except religious organizations: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1981—Continued (SIC 86, except 866) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Service occupations—Continued Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... Nurse aide and/or orderly..................................... Recreation facility attendant.................................. Game operators, ride operators and concession workers............................................................. Child-care w orker.................................................. Lifeguard ................................................................ Checkroom and locker-room attendants.............. Social service aide................................................. All other service workers....................................... 900 400 5,300 0.14 .06 .82 7 23 7 O 2,870 5,370 6,720 1,650 3,060 8,470 .45 .83 1.04 .26 .48 1.32 13 6 5 7 9 n.a. 1 3 3 1 2 n.a. Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations .............................. Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................ Bus driver............................................................... Carpenter ............................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking......................................... Inspector ................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades........................................................ Order fille r.............................................................. Painter, maintenance............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Press operator and/or plate printer ..................... Stationary engineer................................................ Animal caretaker.................................................... Chauffeur................................................................ Bus driver, school.................................................. All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. 23,910 670 240 310 120 620 460 500 320 230 740 370 6,110 630 100 560 80 820 230 3,940 290 500 1,090 1,920 3,730 3.72 .10 .04 .05 .02 .10 .07 .08 .05 .04 .12 .06 .95 .10 .02 .09 .01 .13 .04 .61 .05 .08 .17 .30 .58 n.a. n.a. 19 39 n.a. 20 14 12 23 25 15 39 6 22 21 9 12 8 10 10 18 16 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. (3) 0 n.a. (3) 1 1 (3) (3) 1 (3) 8 (3) (3) 1 (3) 2 (3) 1 (3) (3) n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ keypunch operator............................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. Duplicating machine operator........................... All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer .......... •.......................................... Accounting cle rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand............................................. Cashier............................................................... File c le rk............................................................ General office clerk........................................... Library assistant................................................. Mail c le rk ........................................................... Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ..................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ........................................................... Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator........................................ Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Travel counselor, auto club .............................. Travel clerk ............... :....................................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... Teacher aide and/or educational assistant...... All other office clerical workers........................ 164,060 160,100 270 1,420 1,440 380 670 770 4,080 7,170 12,810 2,260 4,080 28,950 200 3,460 600 2,470 410 6,610 44,210 400 1,680 5,660 5,270 1,280 13,400 2,250 2,470 5,430 25.50 24.88 .04 .22 .22 .06 .10 .12 .63 1.11 1.99 .35 .63 4.50 .03 .54 .09 .38 .06 1.03 6.87 .06 .26 .88 .82 .20 2.08 .35 .38 .84 n.a. n.a. 12 11 7 11 6 n.a. 6 4 3 7 6 3 15 4 18 6 7 4 2 16 9 4 7 13 4 7 8 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 3 2 1 2 n.a. 5 11 26 2 6 23 (3) 6 1 6 1 11 43 1 3 11 2 1 15 3 2 n.a. See footnotes at end of table. 82 1 3 Table 32. Membership organizations, except religious organizations: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1981—Continued (SIC 86, except 866) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ........................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ..................................................... ......... Dispatcher, vehicle, service or w o rk................. All other plant clerical workers......................... 3,960 240 290 300 0.62 .04 .05 .05 n.a. 16 28 13 n.a. (3) (3) 1 740 1,680 710 .12 .26 .11 8 12 n.a. 1 1 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Contribution solicitor.............................................. All other sales agents, associates, and/or representatives................................................. Sales c le rk ............................................................. 10,240 2,400 1.59 .37 n.a. 11 n.a. 2 6,890 950 1.07 .15 n.a. 11 n.a. 1 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5. percent, n.a. = not available. 83 Table 33. Miscellaneous services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1981 (SIC 89) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Total............................................................... 1,049,650 100.00 - - Managers and officers.............................................. 119,820 11.42 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Aeronautical engineer....................................... Agricultural engineer......................................... Chemical engineer............................................. Civil engineer ..................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers................... Industrial engineer............................................. Marine engineer................................................. Mechanical engineer......................................... Metallurgists and metallurgical engineers........ Mining engineer................................................. Petroleum engineer........................................... Safety engineer.................................................. Traffic engineer.................................................. Nuclear engineer............................................... All other engineers............................................ Actuary ................................................................... Mathematician ....................................................... Statistician.............................................................. All other mathematical scientists.......................... Chemist.................................................................. Geologists and geophysicists................................ Meteorologist......................................................... Oceanographer....................................................... Physicist................................................................. All other physical scientists................................... Biological scientist................................................. Medical scientist..................................................... All other life scientists........................................... Economist .............................................................. Market research analyst........................................ Psychologist........................................................... Sociologist.............................................................. Urban and regional planner................................... All other social scientists....................................... Systems analyst, business..................................... Systems analyst, scientific and technical ............. Teacher, elementary and/or preschool ................ All other teachers .................................................. Photographer......................................................... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Landscape architect.............................................. Architect................................................................. Budget analyst........................................................ Caseworker............................................................ Commercial a rtis t................................................... Cost estimator, engineering................................... Writer and/or editor............................................... Lawyer.................................................................... Librarian, professional........................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Designer................................................................. Tax preparer.......................................................... All other professional workers............................... 421,560 131,490 1,780 380 5,240 49,310 25,890 2,580 1,490 30,310 750 440 1,010 830 640 1,740 9,100 1,740 1,000 550 370 2,310 2,380 1,070 110 2,620 1,480 3,540 1,080 950 1,060 980 1,200 650 1,060 1,010 5,040 4,450 320 3,360 560 2,590 144,800 2,440 36,480 1,500 690 3,210 4,620 5,030 910 1,360 750 2,450 10,360 16,080 17,910 40.16 12.53 .17 .04 .50 4.70 2.47 .25 .14 2.89 .07 .04 .10 .08 .06 .17 .87 .17 .10 .05 .04 .22 .23 .10 .01 .25 .14 .34 .10 .09 .10 .09 .11 .06 .10 .10 .48 .42 .03 .32 .05 .25 13.80 .23 3.48 .14 .07 .31 .44 .48 .09 .13 .07 .23 .99 1.53 1.71 n.a. n.a. 25 25 12 4 6 19 32 6 20 30 29 36 28 27 n.a. 12 17 16 n.a. 13 15 24 41 23 n.a. 14 18 n.a. 13 26 25 27 15 n.a. 9 11 36 n.a. 14 7 2 13 5 13 25 11 9 8 16 8 24 6 10 6 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 (3) 3 21 12 2 (3) 12 (3) (3) (3) 1 1 1 n.a. 1 1 1 n.a. 2 2 1 (3) 1 n.a. 1 1 n.a. 1 1 1 (3) 2 n.a. 5 3 (3) n.a. 2 4 45 3 14 2 1 4 6 5 2 4 1 5 5 12 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer, business.......................... Computer programmer, scientific and technical .... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ Electrical and electronic technicians ................ 185,670 4,020 4,370 163,460 99,660 7,910 17.69 .38 .42 15.57 9.49 .75 n.a. 8 10 n.a. 3 10 n.a. 6 4 n.a. 37 4 See footnotes at end of table. 84 Table 33. Miscellaneous services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1981—Continued (SIC 89) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Technical occupations—Continued S u r v e y o r .......................................................... Mechanical engineering technician................... Specification writer, engineering....................... Industrial engineering technician....................... Civil engineering technician .............................. All other engineering technicians...................... Physical science technician................................... Biological science technician ................................ All other science technicians................................ Mathematical technician ....................................... Technical assistant, library.................................... All other technicians.............................................. 18,680 4,690 1,240 170 20,250 10,860 2,180 2,700 1,980 480 580 5,900 1.78 .45 .12 .02 1.93 1.03 .21 .26 .19 .05 .06 .56 6 12 12 31 6 n.a. 14 14 n.a. 27 15 n.a. 16 2 2 (3) 14 n.a. 1 1 n.a. (3) 1 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners.............................. Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers............................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly .................... Social service aide................................................. All other service workers....................................... 13,190 7,280 1,660 1,020 460 840 1,930 1.26 .69 .16 .10 .04 .08 .18 n.a. 7 18 20 24 45 n.a. n.a. 10 1 1 1 (3) n.a. Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations .............................. Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................ Blueprinting machine operator.............................. Carpenter............................................................... Delivery and/or route worker................................ Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking......................................... Inspector................................................................ Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Painter, maintenance............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Press operator and/or plate printer...................... Stationary engineer................................................ Animal caretaker.................................................... Welder and/or flamecutter .................................... Surveyor helper...................................................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. 52,950 2,440 430 1,230 780 370 1,060 740 210 1,200 2,230 2,290 1,310 1,170 2,240 240 480 860 240 950 1,090 23,180 3,440 4,350 2,860 5.04 .23 .04 .12 .07 .04 .10 .07 .02 .11 .21 .22 .12 .11 .21 .02 .05 .08 .02 .09 .10 2.21 .33 .41 .27 n.a. n.a. 24 26 n.a. 35 9 31 26 32 14 14 23 10 24 23 24 20 38 21 24 6 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 1 n.a. 1 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 (3) (3) 1 (3) (3) 1 14 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, to ta l.................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. Duplicating machine operator........................... All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer..................................................... Accounting cle rk................................................ Actuarial c le rk .................................................... Bookkeeper, ha n d ............................................. Cashier............................................................... File c le rk ............................................................ General office clerk........................................... Library assistant................................................. Mail c le rk ........................................................... Order clerk ......................................................... 250,620 247,420 3,220 12,450 7,740 1,050 1,800 2,020 4,700 20,670 1,040 20,680 380 3,620 29,940 760 2,760 970 23.88 23.57 .31 1.19 .74 .10 .17 .19 .45 1.97 .10 1.97 .04 .34 2.85 .07 .26 .09 n.a. n.a. 13 5 8 12 6 n.a. 7 4 14 4 28 9 4 7 5 24 n.a. n.a. 3 17 9 2 4 n.a. 4 23 1 26 1 6 27 2 7 1 See footnotes at end of table. 85 Table 33. Miscellaneous services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1981 “ -Continued (SIC 89) Occupation Office clerical workers,—Continued Payroll and/or timekeeping cle rk...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk ............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary............................................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Messenger.......................................................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t.................... Proofreader, clerical........................................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ....................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .............................................................. All other plant clerical workers......................... Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk ............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 3,560 1,190 510 10,580 67,180 1,730 1,700 7,930 2,040 23,700 4,300 1,280 7,920 3,200 980 270 420 0.34 .11 .05 1.01 6.40 .16 .16 .76 .19 2.26 .41 .12 .75 .30 .09 .03 .04 8 6 15 5 2 27 12 4 6 3 6 9 n.a. n.a. 13 17 12 9 4 1 18 59 1 4 20 5 29 7 2 n.a. n.a. 1 (3) 1 1,330 200 .13 .02 11 n.a. 2 n.a. 5,840 5,400 440 .56 .51 .04 n.a. 9 38 n.a. 6 0 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)2 86 Appendix A. Surw®^ Mtgfttods and ln5@IS®biiDty ©f istimat®® S©@p® ©tf survey The survey covered selected private nonmanufactur ing establishments in Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes 10-17, 60-67, 70-81 (except 806), 83-86 (ex cept 866), and 89. The reference date of the survey was the week that included April 12, May 12, or June 12, 1981, depending on the SIC of the sampled unit as shown below: SIC 1 0 .............. 11 and 12 ......... 13 through 17 60 and 61 . . . . 6 2 ...................... 63 through 66 6 7 ...................... 7 0 .................... 7 2 .................. 7 3 .................... 7 5 ...................... 1 6 . . . ................ 78 and 79 . . . . 80 (except 806) 8 1 ................... 8 3 .................... 8 4 ................... 86 (except 866) 8 9 ...................... Size class 1 2 Reference date 3 . . .May . .June ...M a y . . .May . .June .. .May . .June ...M a y .. .May . .June .. .May . .June . .April .. .May . .June ...M a y . .April . .April . . June 4 5 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 6 7 8 9 Employees 1-3 4-9 10-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500-999 1,000 and over Reporting units with 1-3 employees were not sampled in all States, but units with 4-9 employees were given larger weights to represent the employment in the smaller size class. Reporting units with 250 or more employees were included in the sample with certainty. Sample sizes intended to produce State estimates with target relative errors of 10 to 15 percent at one standard deviation were developed for the noncertainty size classes. This was done for groups of SIC’s based on averages of occupational rates and coefficients of varia tion (CV’s) from the previous survey for a set of typical occupations. This SIC sample size was allocated to the size classes in proportion to size class employment. The sample was selected systematically with equal probabil ity within each State/SIC size class cell. States were given the option o f two target relative er rors in designing their samples. Some States varied the target relative error by SIC to allow reductions in sam ple size for cost reasons. The sample size for the two supplemental States was developed by first determining the sample size required for national estimates in each two-digit SIC with a target relative error of 10 percent at one standard devia tion. This was done by averaging CV’s and occupational rates for a set of occupations from the previous survey. Establishments with 1,000 or more employees were in cluded with certainty. This national SIC sample size was then allocated to the size class cells o f the two non cooperating States in proportion to employment. The above allocations resulted in a total initial sample size o f 343,648 reporting units. The survey covered all 50 States and the District of Columbia. ©if ©®SI@©tS©BT) Survey schedules were mailed to most sample establishments; personal visits were made to some larger companies. Two additional mailings were sent to nonrespondents at approximately 6-week intervals. Nonrespondents considered critical to the survey (due to size) were followed up by telephone or personal visit. Sampling pr©©®dyr® The sampling frame for this survey was the list of units (excluding government units) in the specified SIC’s as reported to State unemployment insurance agencies. Because each cooperating State selected its own sample, the reference date o f the sampling frame varied depend ing on when the last updates to the frame were made and when sampling took place. The reference date for the frame used for sampling in the two supplemental States was the first quarter o f 1980. The universe was stratified into SIC and size classes. The size classes were determined by employment as follows: 87 3-digit industry within a 2-digit industry = size class j = establishment k weight after nonresponse wijk adjustment in i-th industry, j-th size class and k-th establishment occupational employment in i-th Pijk industry, j-th size class and k-th establishment total employment in i-th industry, ®ijk j-th size class and k-th estab lishment Mi = population total employment in i-th industry The population value of total employment (Mj) was obtained from the BLS Current Employment Statistics program, a monthly employment survey of nonagricultural establishments. The standard form for the sampling variance for a combined ratio estimate is: R<SSp®8HS© There were 328,989 final eligible units in the sample (i.e., excluding establishments that were out of business, out o f scope, etc.)- Usable responses were obtained from 239,598 units, producing a response rate of 72.8 percent based on units and 72.6 percent based on weighted employment. Subsequent to the national estimates, States received additional data to prepare State estimates. Estimation] A weight was determined for each sample unit from which a usable response was received. Each weight was composed of two factors. The first factor was the in verse of the probability o f selection. The second was the nonresponse adjustment factor, used to correct for questionnaires that were not returned or not usable. For each of the three-digit SIC/State/size class sampling cells, a nonresponse factor was calculated that was equal to: i — V (p ) = Au Where: V(p) i Weighted sample employment o f all eligible units in sample Weighted sample employment o f all responding eligible units Sample employment was taken from the sampling frame. If the factor in a cell was greater than a predeter mined maximum factor, which increased as the number o f respondents in a cell increased, the cell was collapsed with other homogeneous cells within the SIC until the factor for the combined cells was not greater than the appropriate maximum factor. If the collapsing pro cedure terminated (i.e., no more cells were available for collapse) before satisfying the above constraint, then the appropriate maximum factor was used. For size classes 1-6, homogeneous cells were determined to be other size cells within the SIC and State. For size classes 7-9, homogeneous cells were determined to be other State cells within the SIC and size class. The weight for each establishment was the product of the two factors. A combined ratio estimate of occupational employ ment was used to develop the national estimates. The auxiliary variable used was total employment. The estimating formula is: Where: p = j = Nu = h = Oij = Spij = Seij = Kij The variances for the occupational estimates were esti mated from the following formula: Var(P) = ?i ?j jUj yVij2 Tij By = = = ( M y —ejj)/(Mij) [Bo] • [Djj] • [Fjj]2 Go (Gy)/(Hy) f 2 w,U ( 2 W ^ == Ik " J U 'J 1 2 2 wijk eijk Lj k Ho = (M 2-digit industry occupational employment estimate Fo = (M,)/ Du P = = ? ? N ‘i2 ( l - f a) . A , 1J ny % + R?Srij - 2R, Kij Spij Seij variance of p 3-digit industry within a 2-digit industry size class total number of units in the i-th industry and j-th size class sampling fraction in the i-th industry and j-th size class number of sample units in the i-th industry and j-th size class standard deviation of p within the i-th industry and j-th size class standard deviation of e within the i-th industry and j-th size class correlation coefficient between p and e within the i-th industry and j-th size class. ? ? ? ^ ijk ^ijk i ! ___________ M j 88 - il^ ) (f k 6,ik] tained from the sample design for the survey. To illustrate, if all possible samples were selected, and if each of these were surveyed under essentially the same V .2 v 'J _ 2 wjjk • L?jk ~ k Ejjk = (Pijk- R ie ijk) - (P ij-R je ij) My = benchmark total employment in the i-th industry and j-th size class Where: Ri e,j — = Wjjk Pjjkj i Wijk©ijkj k All other terms are as defined above. This formula is almost a computational form of the standard formula given above. One simplifying assumption has been made: conditions and an estimate and its estimated sample er ror were calculated from each sample, then: 1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below to one standard error above the derived estimate would include the average value of all possible samples. This in terval is called a 68-percent confidence interval. 2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6 standard errors below to 1.6 stand ard errors above the derived estimate would include the average o f all p ossib le samples. This interval is called a 90-percent confidence interval. 3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two standard errors below to two standard er rors above the derived estimate would include the average of all possible samples. This inter val is called a 95-percent confidence interval. 4. Almost all intervals from three standard errors below to three standard errors above the deriv ed estimate would include the average of all possible samples. Wijk = Cjj for all k in a given ij cell That is, the weights are equal to a constant C within a given three-digit industry/size class cell. At this time, the total effect of this assumption on the variance estimates has not been measured. Reliability off estimates Estimates developed from the sample may differ from the results of a complete survey of all the establishments in the sampled lists. Two types of errors, sampling and nonsampling, are possible in an estimate based on a sample survey. Sampling error occurs because observa tions are made only on a sample, not on the entire population. Nonsampling error can be attributed to many sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases in the sample; differences in the respondents’ interpretation of questions; inability of respondents to provide correct information; errors in recording, coding, or processing the data; errors in ' estimating values for missing data; and failure to repre sent all units in the population. The particular sample used in this survey is one of a large number of all possible samples of the same size that could have been selected using the same sample design. Estimates derived from the different samples would differ from each other; the difference between a sample estimate and the average of all possible sample estimates is called the sampling deviation. The standard or sampling error of a survey estimate is a measure of the variation among the estimates from all possible samples. The relative standard error is defined as the standard error of the estimate divided by the value being estimated; the variance is defined as the standard error squared. The sample estimate and an estimate of its standard error enable one to construct interval estimates with prescribed confidence that the interval includes the average result of all possible samples that could be ob 89 An inference that the complete coverage value would be within the indicated ranges would be correct in ap proximately the relative frequencies shown. For example, suppose an estimated total is shown as 5,000 with an associated relative error of 2 percent. Then the standard error is 100 (2 percent of 5,000) and there is a 68-percent chance that the average of all possi ble sample totals would be between 4,900 and 5,100, and it is almost certain that the average of all possible sample totals would be between 4,700 and 5,300. The relative errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error, but do not measure biases in the data due to nonsampling error. Efforts were made to reduce the biases due to errors in recor ding, coding, and processing the data. The adjustment made for nonrespondents assumed that the characteristics of the nonrespondents were the same as those of the respondents at a given level. To the extent this is not true, bias is introduced in the data. The magnitude of these biases is not known. Particular care should be exercised in the interpreta tion of small estimates, estimates based on a small number of cases, or small differences between estimates because the sampling errors are relatively large and the magnitude of the biases is unknown. AppaBudfc !□ ©©©ypattomial Employment in IHIoipitali, 1iS@ orderly was the most populous job in the service worker occupational group, accounting for 40 percent of service worker employment and 12 percent of total hospital employment. Technical workers, numbering 681,840 or 18 percent o f hospital workers, were the third largest occupational group. Licensed practical nurses accounted for 45 per cent o f these. Clerical workers constituted 16 percent of hospital employment, with 612,370 persons. The majority of these worked in office occupations; the most populous was secretary. Maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers accounted for 4 percent of employment in hospitals. The largest occupation in this major group was maintenance repairer, general utility, numbering 23,630. The remaining occupational employment was distributed as follows: Managers and officers, 129,660 or 3 percent; and sales workers, 2,150 or less than 1 percent. Hospitals include establishments providing diagnostic services, extensive medical treatment, and continuous nursing services. These establishments contain an organized medical staff, inpatient beds, and equipment and facilities to provide either specialty or complete health care. Establishments surveyed included private and State and local government hospitals, but excluded Federal Government hospitals. As shown in table B -l, employment in private and State and local government hospitals (sic 806) totaled 3.8 million in 1980, representing about 4 percent of all nonagricultural wage and salary employment in the Na tion. (In April 1981, hospital employment was approx imately 4 million, an increase of 5 percent from April 1980.) The two largest occupational groups in hospitals in 1980 were professional workers and service workers, with about 1.1 million persons each, accounting for 58 percent o f total employment. Sixty-nine percent o f the professional workers were nurses; they constituted 20 percent of total hospital employment. Nurse aide or 90 Table B-1. Hospitals: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1980 Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T otal............................................................... 3,831,740 100.00 - - Managers and officers.............................................. 129,660 3.38 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Civil engineer ...,.................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers .................... Industrial engineer .............................................. Mechanical engineer ........................................... All other engineers ............................................. Physical scientists, to ta l......................................... Chemist ............................................................... All other physical scientists................................ Life scientists, to ta l................................................ Biological scientist.............................................. Medical scientist.................................................. All other life scientists......................................... Social scientists, to ta l............................................ Psychologist......................................................... Sociologist............................................................ All other social scientists.................................... Therapists, to ta l...................................................... Physical therapist................................................ Respiratory therapist ........................................... Occupational therapist ........................................ Manual arts, music, and/or recreational therapist......................................................... All other therapists.............................................. Statistician............................................................... Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Podiatrist ................................................................ Speech pathologist and/or audiologist................. Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountants and auditors...................................... Caseworker............................................................. Clergy ..................................................................... Dentist .................................................................... Dietitian and/or nutritionist .................................... Librarian, professional ........................................... Nurse, professional................................................ Personnel and labor relations specialists............. Pharmacist.............................................................. Physician and/or surgeon...................................... All other professional workers............................... 1,127,430 4,440 500 910 840 1,190 1,000 1,160 600 560 7,000 3,580 3,030 390 11,650 8,660 970 2,020 82,520 17,040 38,080 9,510 29.42 .12 .01 .02 .02 .03 .03 .03 .02 .01 .18 .09 .08 .01 .30 .23 .03 .05 2.15 .44. .99 .25 n.a. n.a. 18 10 5 6 n.a. n.a. 13 n.a. n.a. 23 8 n.a. n.a. 4 19 n.a. n.a. 2 2 3 n.a. n.a. 2 5 7 7 n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. n.a. 4 13 n.a. n.a. 16 2 n.a. n.a. 57 58 28 7,810 10,080 430 4,140 710 3,460 7,880 11,320 33,890 3,900 2,750 15,240 6,610 780,630 8,160 27,670 92,470 21,400 .20 .26 .01 .11 .02 .09 .21 .30 .88 .10 .07 .40 .17 20.37 .21 .72 2.41 .56 5 n.a. 11 5 10 3 2 2 3 3 6 3 2 (3) 3 2 (3) n.a. 19 n.a. 2 16 3 15 67 54 56 21 9 69 40 98 45 73 36 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer ........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Electrical and electronic technicians.................. All other engineering technicians ....................... Science technicians, to ta l...................................... Biological science technician ............................. All other science technicians ............................. Dental assistant...................................................... Licensed practical nurse........................................ Physician’s assistant.............................................. Surgical technician................................................. Radiologic technician ............................................. Pharmacy helper.................................................... Medical record librarian.......................................... Dental hygienist...................................................... Medical laboratory technologist............................ Biochemistry technologist...................................... Microbiology technologist ...................................... Cytotechnologist..................................................... Histologic technologist .......................................... Medical laboratory technician................................ Electrocardiograph technician............................... Electroencephalograph technician......................... Dietetic technician.................................................. Blood bank technology specialist......................... 681,840 3,350 2,540 1,430 1,110 4,190 3,610 580 1,970 306,270 3,950 31,360 43,330 24,430 12,470 820 63,350 9,940 7,020 2,600 5,080 32,790 15,060 4,420 6,290 12,020 17.79 .09 .07 .04 .03 .11 .09 .02 .05 7.99 .10 .82 1.13 .64 .33 .02 1.65 .26 .18 .07 .13 .86 .39 .12 .16 .31 n.a. n.a. n.a. 7 n.a. n.a. 15 n.a. 8 (3) 12 3 1 2 2 11 3 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 n.a. 15 n.a. 6 n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. 7 94 9 62 74 57 82 5 74 17 22 16 27 65 49 28 31 27 See footnotes at end of table. 91 Table B-1. Hospitals: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1980—Continued Occupation Technical occupations—Continued Physical therapy assistant ..................................... Radiologic technologist and/or nuclear medical technologist ...................................................... All other medical and dental technologists and technicians........................................................ All other technicians.............................................. Percent of total employment Employment’ Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 17,020 0.44 2 53 27,910 .73 4 52 30,910 12,750 .81 .33 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,112,410 144,570 53,300 28,150 229,370 2,410 29.03 3.77 1.39 .73 5.99 .06 n.a. (3) n.a. 2 n.a. 2 n.a. 82 n.a. 36 n.a. 19 19,700 390 74,050 6,960 .51 .01 1.93 .18 4 5 1 6 17 3 70 6 19,070 3,080 5,830 36,680 61,200 17,510 22,950 452,210 116,980 1,270 6,150 5,080 4,920 4,670 25,280 .50 .08 .15 .96 1.60 .46 .60 11.80 3.05 .03 .16 .13 .13 .12 .66 3 4 4 2 n.a. 2 3 (3) (3) 5 12 5 6 4 n.a. 27 11 17 89 n.a. 49 70 91 16 7 5 18 12 16 n.a. Production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling and powerplant occupations ...................................... Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Electromedical equipment repairer ................... Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Washer, machine and/or starcher......................... Presser, machine ................................................... Laundry presser, machine ..................................... Truck driver............................................................. Carpenter ............................................................... Delivery and/or route worker ................................ Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general utility ..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Order fille r............................................................... Painter, maintenance............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Custom sewer......................................................... Stationary boiler fire r............................................. Stationary engineer..........................,..................... Welder and/or flamecutter .................................... Gardeners and groundskeepers ........................... Ambulance driver and/or attendant...................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. 165,880 12,450 800 3,270 6,470 1,910 12,520 1,100 20,610 3,310 6,500 1,320 6,120 6,750 1,060 23,630 5,520 1,440 7,120 4,140 2,240 5,000 8,520 440 7,160 6,810 4,480 6,560 11,080 4.33 .32 .02 .09 .17 .05 .33 .03 .54 .09 .17 .03 .16 .18 .03 .62 .14 .04 .19 .11 .06 .13 .22 .01 .19 .18 .12 .17 .29 n.a. n.a. 6 3 3 n.a. 3 7 2 4 2 7 3 4 6 3 3 8 2 3 3 2 3 10 3 11 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 5 16 16 n.a. 33 3 31 11 30 6 30 26 5 67 19 5 35 20 16 14 20 4 38 11 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Office clerical workers, total .................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator .. 612,370 578,130 5,050 15.98 15.09 .13 n.a. n.a. 3 n.a. n.a. 22 Service occupations ................................................. Maid ........................................................................ All other janitors, porters, and cleaners................ Guards and doorkeepers....................................... Food service workers, to ta l................................... Baker, bread and/or pastry................................ Dining room attendant, bartender helper, or cafeteria attendant......................................... Butcher and/or meat cutter................................ Kitchen helper..................................................... Waiter/waitress ................................................... Counter attendant, lunchroom, coffee shop, or cafeteria ......................................................... Cook, short order and/or specialty fast foods .... Pantry, sandwich and/or coffee maker ............. Cook, institution or cafeteria .............................. All other food service workers........................... Supervisor, nonworking-service only .................... Housekeeper .......................................................... Nurse aide and/or orderly ..................................... Psychiatric aid ........................................................ Orthopedic-cast specialist..................................... Child-care w orker.................................................. Social service aide................................................. Medical assistant ................................................... Occupational therapy assistant............................. All other service workers....................................... See footnotes at end of table. 92 Table B-1. Hospitals: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1980—-Continued Occupation Office clerical workers,—Continued Computer operator............................................ Keypunch operator............................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator................. All other office machine operators.................... Stenographer ..................................................... Accounting c le rk................................................ Bookkeeper, hand............................................. Cashier............................................................... File c le rk............................................................. General office clerk........................................... Library assistant................................................. Insurance clerk, medical.................................... Order clerk ......................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping c le rk ...................... Personnel cle rk.................................................. Procurement c le rk ............................................. Receptionist ....................................................... Secretary ............................................................ Statistical clerk................................................... Switchboard operator......................................... Switchboard operator/receptionist.................... Typist.................................................................. Clerical supervisor, office or plant .................... All other office clerical workers......................... Plant clerical workers, to ta l.................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator................. Shipping packer................................................. Shipping and/or receiving clerk ....................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ............................................................... Dispatcher, police, fire and ambulance............ All other plant clerical workers.......................... Sales occupations..................................................... Sales agent, associate, and/or representative..... Sales c le rk .............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 7,160 11,810 1,430 2,470 25,410 17,500 5,210 17,560 35,880 59,420 2,590 41,190 4,170 8,310 6,950 5,110 35,600 84,060 10,930 25,130 12,900 50,140 20,450 81,700 34,240 1,340 1,230 4,400 0.19 .31 .04 .06 .66 .46 .14 .46 .94 1.55 .07 1.07 .11 .22 .18 .13 .93 2.19 .29 .66 .34 4 2 5 n.a. 3 2 3 2 4 3 4 2 4 2 2 2 3 3 3 1 1.31 .11 3 3 n.a. n.a. 8 9 2 16,680 1,280 9,310 .44 3 .03 .24 8 .53 2.13 .89 .03 .03 2,150 430 1,720 .06 .01 .04 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considerd unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)1 2 4 n.a. n.a. 24 6 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 30 36 6 n.a. 41 53 37 56 53 46 14 82 16 58 47 38 47 76 26 49 40 47 42 n.a. n.a. 4 4 23 45 3 n.a. n.a. 1 5 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 93 AppgmdTre C„ ©ES Survey Data Awailafel® fr®m State Ag®n©i@© State data on occupational employment in the industries covered in this bulletin are available as indicated in the following table. These data may be obtained from the State employment security agencies listed on the inside back cover of this publication. Table G-1. QES survey data available by State and year State Alabam a................................ Alaska.................................... Arizona.................................. Arkansas................................ California .......................... Colorado................................ Connecticut .......................... Delaware .............................. District of Columbia .............. Florida.................................... Georgia.................................. Hawaii.................................... Idaho...................................... Illin o is.................................... Indiana.................................. Iowa ...................................... Kansas .................................. Kentucky................................ Louisiana .............................. M a in e .................................... Maryland................................ Massachusetts...................... Michigan................................ Minnesota.............................. Mississippi ............................ 1973 1975 1978 1981 State 1973 1975 1978 1981 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Missouri ................................ Montana................................ Nevada .................................. New Ham pshire.................... New Jersey............................ New M e xico .......................... New York .............................. North Carolina........................ North Dakota ........................ Nebraska .............................. Ohio ...................................... X X X X X Oklahoma.............................. Oregon .................................. Pennsylvania.......................... Rhode Island.......................... South Carolina ...................... South Dakota ........................ Tennessee ............................ Texas .................................... Utah ...................................... Vermont ................................ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X V irginia.................................. Washington............................ West Virginia.......................... Wisconsin.............................. Wyoming................................ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 94 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X U.S. Departmamt ©f Labor Bureau ©5 Labor S teisies REGION I—BOSTON John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Bldg. Government Center—Room 1603 A Boston, Mass. 02203 REGION V—CHICAGO 230 S. Dearborn Street Chicago, 111. 60604 REGION II—NEW YORK 1515 Broadway-Suite 3400 ^ ew York jq y 10036 REGION VI—DALLAS 555 Griffin Sq., 2nd FI. Dallas, Tex. 75202 REGION III—PHILADELPHIA 3535 Market Street P.O. Box 13309 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 REGIONS VII & VIII—KANSAS CITY 911 Walnut Street Kansas City, Mo. 64106 REGION IV—ATLANTA 1371Peachtree Street, N.E. Atlanta, Ga. 30367 REGIONS IX & X —SAN FRANCISCO 450 Golden Gate Avenue, Box 36017 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Stat© ^g©Em©i@s C®®p©rati[iig Sim tilfo© ©ES P rogram BLS Region IV X IX VI IX VIII I III III IV IV IX X V ALABAMA ALASKA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DIST. OF COL. FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS V INDIANA VIII IOWA VII KANSAS IV VI I III I V V KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA IV MISSISSIPPI VII MISSOURI VII NEBRAKSA IX NEVADA I NEW HAMPSHIRE II NEW JERSEY VI NEW MEXICO II NEW YORK IV VIII V VI NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA X OREGON III PENNSYLVANIA I IV VIII IV VI VIII I III RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA X WASHINGTON III WEST VIRGINIA V WISCONSIN VIII WYOMING -Department of Industrial Relations, Industrial Relations Building, Room 427, Montgomery 36130 -Department of Labor, Employment Security Division, P.O. Box 1149, Juneau 99801 -Department of Economic Security, Labor Market Information, P.O. Box 6123, Phoenix 85005 -Department o f Labor, Employment Security Division, P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock 72203 -Employment Development Department, P.O. Box 1679, Sacramento 95808 -Division o f Employment and Training, 251 East 12th Avenue, Denver 80203 -Department of Labor, Employment Security Division, 200 Folly Brook Boulevard, Wethersfield 06109 -Department o f Labor, Office o f Planning, Research and Evaluation, P.O. Box 9092, Newark 19711 -Department o f Employment Services, Division of Labor Market Information, Research, and Analysis, 500 C Street, N.W .—Room 201, Washington 20001 -Department o f Labor and Employment Security, Caldwell Bldg., Tallahassee 32302 -Department o f Labor, Labor Information Systems, 254 Washington Street, S.W ., Atlanta 30334 -Department o f Labor and Industrial Relations, P.O. Box 3680, Honolulu 96811 -Department of Employment, Research and Analysis Division, P.O. 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Hurley Bldg., Boston 02114 -Employment Security Commission, Research and Statistics Division, 7310 Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202 -Department o f Economic Secruity, Research and Statistical Services Office, 390 North Robert Street, St. Paul 55101 -Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 1699, Jackson 39295 -Department o f Labor and Industrial Relations, Division o f Employment Security, P.O. Box 59, Jefferson City 65101 -Department of Labor, Division of Employment, P.O. Box 94600, State House Station, Lincoln 68509 -Employment Security Department, Employment Security Research Division, 500 E. Third Street, Carson City 89713 -Department o f Employment Security, 32 South Main Street, Concord 03301 -D epartm ent o f L abor and Industry, D iv isio n o f P lannin g and R esearch, oes Survey, P .O . B ox 359, Trenton 08625 -Department of Human Services, Employment Service Division, P.O. Box 1928, Albuquerque 87103 -N.Y. State Department or Labor, Division of Research and Statistics, State Campus—Building 12, Albany 12201 -Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 25903, Raleigh 27611 -Job Service North Dakota, Research and Statistics— oes Unit, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58502 -Bureau o f Employment Services, Research and Statistics Division, 145 S. Front Street, Columbus 43216 -Employment Security Commission, Research and Planning, Room 310, Will Rogers Memorial Office Building, Oklahoma City 73105 -Department o f Human Resources, Employment Division, 875 Union Street N .E., Salem 97311 -Department o f Labor and Industry, Office o f Employment Security, Research and Statistics—Room 1225, 7th and Forster Streets, Harrisburg 17121 -Department of Employment Security, Research and Statistics, 24 Mason Street, Providence 02903 -Employment Security Commission, P. O. Box 995, Columbia 29202 -Department o f Labor, Research and Statistics— oes Unit, P.O. Box 1730, Aberdeen 57401 -Department o f Employment Security, Room 519, Cordell Hull Office Building, Nashville 37219 -Employment Commission, tec Building, 15th and Congress Avenue, Austin 78778 -Department of Employment Security, lmi Services Section, P.O. Box 11249, Salt Lake City 84147 -Department o f Employment and Training, Research and Statistics, P.O. Box 488, Montpelier 05602 -Employment Commission, Division of Research and Analysis—oes, 703 E. Main Street, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211 -State Employment Security Department, Research and Statistics, 212 Maple Park, Olympia 98504 -Department of Employment Security, Labor and Economic Research— oes, 112 California Avenue, Charleston 25305 -Department o f Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, P.O. Box 7944, Madison 53707 -Employment Security Commission, Research and Analysis, P.O. 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